EFFECTS OF GASOLINE ADDITIVES
ON CARBURETOR AND PCV SYSTEM
PERFORMANCE AS THEY RELATE
TO EXHAUST EMISSIONS
First Year Report
Prepared for
COORDINATING RESEARCH COUNCIL, INC.
NATIONAL AIR POLLUTION CONTROL ADMINISTRATION
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION AND WELFARE
SCOTT RESEARCH LABORATORIES, INC.
P. O. BOX 2416
SAN BERNARDINO, CALIFORNIA 92406
-------
Effects of Gasoline Additives
On Carburetor and PCV System
Performance As They Relate
To Exhaust Emissions
First Year Report
APRAC Project Number CAPE 2-68
Scott Project #2807
Prepared For
Coordinating Research Council, Inc.
Thirty Rockefeller Plaza
New York, New York 10020
National Air Pollution Control Administration
Department of Health, Education and Welfare
411 West Chapel Hill Street
Durham, North Carolina 27701
April 30, 1970
SCOTT RESEARCH LABORATORIES, INC.
2600 Cajon Boulevard, P.O. Box 2416
San Bernardino, California 92406
-------
Scott Research Labs., Inc.
Project #2807 April 30, 1970
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page No,
1. INTRODUCTION 1-1
2. FIRST YEAR PROGRAM 2-1
2.1 Car Preparation 2-1
2.2 Exhaust Emission Tests 2-3
2.3 Test Operations 2-7
3. SIGNIFICANT PROBLEMS 3-1
3.1 Ignition Knock Survey 3-1
3.2 Carburetor Deposits, Car Number 18 3-2
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 4-1
4.1 Exhaust Emission Data 4-1
4.2 Fuel Composition Differences 4-13
4.3 Conclusions 4-16
5. APPENDIX TO SECTIONS 2 AND 3
5.1 Initial Shop Procedures, Fuel Additives Program 5-1
5.2 Pre Emission Test Tuneup Summary 5-6
5.3 Carburetor Specification Sheet 5-8
5.4 Bench Flow Characteristics 5-9
5.5 Test Fleet Identification 5-10
5.6 Test Fuel Analyses • 5-13
5.7 Fuel and Mileage Record 5-14
5.8 Ignition Knock Survey Results 5-15
6. APPENDIX TO SECTION 4
6.1 Test Data at 0 Test Mile 6-1
6.2 Test Data at 4,000 Test Mile 6-4
6.3 New Multiple Range Test 6-7
6.4 Analysis of Variance : 6-10
6.5 Mean Values of Significant Interactions 6-29
-------
Scott Research Labs., Inc.
Project #2807 April 30, 1970
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this project is to study the effects of gasoline
additives on carburetor and PCV system performance as they relate to
exhaust emissions. Three groups of 16 cars each or a total of 48 fleet
vehicles are being driven in normal urban and suburban modes of operation
over a 24,000 mile interval under controlled fuel conditions and maintenance.
Each group of 16 cars is being operated on the same base fuel. Two of the
three group's test fuels contain a gasoline additive (supplied by CRC)
which is added to the base fuel.
During the First Year Program, exhaust emission measurements were
made as the vehicles started the test and at each subsequent 4,000 mile
interval. An analysis of variance was conducted on each of 19 emission
parameters for the zero and 4,000 mile interval. A major conclusion
reached on the basis of these analyses is that: no significant differences
in emission parameters were determined at the 4,000 mile point on the basis
of fuel employed. A secondary conclusion drawn concerns the make factor.
That conclusion is: all emissions parameters vary significantly between
makes; however, no single make is consistently the highest or lowest valued
across the spectrum of the 19 emissions parameters measured. The VW vehicles
were distinctly different to such a degree that their data were not included
in the final analysis.
The test fleet is continuing to accumulate mileage into the second
year. The second year program began April 1, 1970.
-------
Scott Research Labs., Inc.
Project #2807 1-1 April 30, 1970
1. INTRODUCTION
Carburetor throttle body deposits normally form during idle
periods when the throttle plate is nearly closed. Because of the small
space between the throttle plate and the throttle body, air entering the
engine passes this point at a very high velocity. Any contaminants con-
tained in the intake air tend to be centrifuged out and deposited on
the throttle body. In addition, blowby gases flowing into the intake air
stream under certain conditions (as may be caused by a plugged PCV valve),
tend to accentuate the deposit problem. Crankcase blowby is also conducive
to deposit formation in the PCV valve.
Considerable work has been done on the effect of lubricating oil,
oil drain periods, and fuel additives on PCV valve and carburetor cleanliness;
however, very little information was available on the effects of fuel addi-
tives as they relate to exhaust emissions. In order to determine the
magnitude of these effects, controlled field test under realistic conditions
by measuring exhaust emissions and PCV valve flow at regular test mileage
intervals was necessary.
The Gasoline Additive Study is designed to measure the effects of
gasoline additives on carburetor and PCV system performance as they relate
«
to exhaust emissions. The program is designed to yield data from which
maximum information on the gasoline additive effects can be developed.
Three groups of 16 cars each or a total of 48 fleet vehicles are planned to
be driven in normal urban and suburban modes of operation over 24,000 miles
under controlled fuel conditions and maintenance.
-------
Scott Research Labs., Inc.
Project #2807 1-2 April 30, 1970
Each group of 16 cars is being operated on the same base fuel.
Two of the three group's test fuels contain a gasoline additive (supplied
by CRC) which is added to the base fuel.
Exhaust emission measurements were conducted at the beginning of
the program and at the 4,000 test mile interval. A remeasurement of these
emissions is planned at each 4,000 mile interval through the program.
Statistical analysis of variance (AOV) was applied to the data at the
start and the 4,000 test mile interval to analyze fuel, mile interval,
make, and their respective interactions as they relate to exhaust emissions.
As the fleet continues to accumulate mileage, engine tuneup main-
tenance is being conducted as specified by the manufacturer except for the
PCV valves and carburetor idle adjustments.
This first year final report includes all of the test work con-
ducted during the first year of test operations. Currently, all vehicles
have completed the 0 and 4,000 mile tests. A discussion of the exhaust
emission results and the analysis of variance for the 0 and 4,000 mile
interval is presented.
The test fleet is continuing to accumulate mileage into the
second year.
-------
Scott Research Labs., Inc.
Project #2807 2-1 April 30, 1970
2. FIRST YEAR PROGRAM
This section covers the procedures for car preparation, test
operations and the exhaust emission tests for the program.
2.1 CAR PREPARATION
Pre-Test Mileage Accumulation: At tjie beginning of the first
year test program, 18 new vehicles were leased by Scott. This fleet was
supplemented by the County of San Bernardino which added 30 new vehicles.
Each vehicle was required to accumulate 3,000 miles before it was to be
modified for the Gasoline Additives Program. This period was required to
stabilize engine deposits. Both groups of vehicles were operated on
commercial premium fuels during the pre-test mileage accumulation period.
Initial Tuneup; After the initial 3,000 miles had been accumu-
lated, each car received a major tuneup as outlined in the Pre-Emissions
Tuneup and Maintenance procedures shown in the Appendix Section 5.1. The
cars received a detailed electrical tuneup and parameters were adjusted to
manufacturer's specifications. A tuneup specification summary sheet for
!
all fleet cars is shown in Table 2.1. The electrical tuneup consisted of
installing new plugs, points, condenser, and checking the mechanical and
vacuum advance systems. The tuneup data were recorded on the Pre-Emission
Test Tuneup Summary (Appendix 5.2). The tuneup included the installation
of a new "flowed" carburetor which was procured from each manufacturer.
All carburetor adjustments were checked for correct internal and external
-------
Table 2.1 1969 Tuneup Specification Summary
Ignition Specifications
Car Spark
Make/ Engine Air Plug Gap, PointQ Basic
No. CID Cond Inches Dwell,0 Timing
Chev/1 327 No 0.035 28 2° BTC
32
Chev/1 327 Yes* 0.035 28 2° BTC
32
Chev/2 250 Yes* 0.035 31 4° BTC
34
Ford/3 390 Yes* 0.032 26 6° BTC
0.036 31
Ford/4 302 No 0.032 26 6° BTC
0.036 31
Plym/5 318 Yes* 0.035 30 TDC
35
VW/6 91 No 0.026 47 TDC
53
REFERENCES FOR IDLE MIXTURE ADJUSTMENT PROCEDURES
1. Page 6M1, 1969 Chevrolet Chassis Service Manual.
2. Page 6M1, 1969 Chevrolet Chassis Service Manual.
3. Page 6M1, 1969 Chevrolet Chassis Service Manual.
4. Pages 10-01-05 through 07, Volume 2, Engine; 1969
5. Pages 10-01-05 through 07, Volume 2, Engine; 1969
6. Pages 14-2 and 3, 1969 Plymouth Service Manual.
7. Section 3, Adjusting Engines with Exhaust Control
* Air Cond off for all adjustments
** All vacuum advance (combined engine load and speed
Total Mech.
Advance, Advance, Idle Specification
(@ RPM) (@ RPM) RPM CO AFR
27 (2000) 12 (2000) 600 D None None
27 (2000) 12 (2000) 600 D None None
40 (1950) 17 (1950) 550 D None None
28.5 10.5 550 D 14.4
38 (2000) 15 (2000)
30 12 550 D 13.8
39.5 (2000) 16.5 (2000)
31.5 15 650 N 14.2
40.5 (1700) 19 (1700)
32** None 850 N None None
35 (2000)
Ford Shop Manual.
Ford Shop Manual.
System, VW Shop Manual.
control in carburetor), no mechanical advance.
>XJ CO
n o
0 0
t-i. rt
CD ft
O
ft yo
CD
s |g
Ref ^ g.
i ST
A cf
CO
*«
f\ . .
o
3
4
5 M
6
7
H-
O
VO
O
-------
Scott Research Labs., Inc.
Project #2807 2-3 April 30, 1970
2.1 CAR PREPARATION - continued
mechanical adjustments prior to installation. Carburetor mechanical adjust-
ments were made in accordance to manufacturer's specifications, and the
data recorded as shown in Appendix 5.3. Idle mixture adjustments were made
during the exhaust tests (see Section 2.2).
The initial tuneup also included a new PCV valve which was flow
tested and installed. Typical flow curves are presented in Appendix 5.4.
Flow in SCFM through the valve was corrected to 29.92" Hg and 70°F. Flow
data were measured at each 1" Hg A P (from 1-18" Hg AP).
Fuel Tank Modification; In order to assure accurate control
for the dispensing of the three test fuels, a unique system of gas pump
nozzle and gas tank fill pipe mating was devised. The design employed
the use of a metal "freeze plug" mounted just inside the fill pipe. A
hole of such geometric design was cut out of the freeze plug so that only
a nozzle with the same design can be inserted to dispense gasoline into
that vehicle. A locking gas cap was color coded to the gas pump containing
the assigned fuel for that vehicle. The geometric freeze plug shapes are
i
shown in Appendix 5.1 (page 5-2). At the time of fuel tank modification
the tank fuel was removed and refilled with the assigned test fuel.
2.2 EXHAUST MISSION TESTS
Idle Mixture Adjustment; Prior to the initial exhaust emissions
tests, the idle mixture and speed were adjusted in accordance with the
manufacturer's specifications (Table 2.1). Idle speed and mixture screws
were locked to prevent further adjustment during mileage accumulation (see
Appendix 5.1).
-------
Scott Research Labs., Inc.
Project #2807 2-4 April 30, 1970
2.2 EXHAUST EMISSION TESTS - continued
Exhaust Emission Measurements: Exhaust emission tests were con-
ducted in triplicate at the 0 mile test interval. The vehicles were pre-
conditioned by cruising at 40 MPH for 15 minutes followed by driving four
7-mode cycles. Exhaust emissions from the last two 7-mode cycles were
sampled and measured in accordance with the 1968 and 1969 Federal procedures
(Federal Register, Volume 31, Number 61, March 30, 1966), with the exception
that the vehicles assigned test fuel was used instead of the fuel prescribed
in the Federal Register.
At the end of the 7-mode cycle sampling, emissions were measured
during steady state modes of 20 MPH, 40 MPH, and idle (in this order). The
vehicles were stabilized at 20 MPH (top gear) for three minutes. Average
exhaust emissions (ppm hydrocarbon by NDIR and FID, volume percent CO, C02,
and O™) were recorded for a 15 second period commencing at the end of the
stabilization period. This procedure was repeated at 40 MPH, and at idle
(stabilizing period at idle was one minute). The vehicle's assigned test
fuel was used for all exhaust tests.
Emission Testing Schedule: Exhaust emission measurements of each
vehicle were conducted in triplicate at the start of the program and single
tests were conducted at the 4,000 mile test interval and are planned at
every subsequent 4,000 mile interval out to 24,000 miles (except when engine
malfunctions required special maintenance as described below). Prior to
emission sampling, the ignition system of the vehicle was checked with an
Autoscan ignition analyzer. Faulty points, plugs, condensers, wiring, air
-------
Scott Research Labs., Inc.
Project #2807 2-5 April 30, 1970
2.2 EXHAUST EMISSION TESTS - continued
filters, and fuel filters were changed or adjusted as necessary to manufac-
turer's specifications. Timing was reset to manufacturer's specifications
prior to the exhaust tests (see Section 3.1). Idle speed and mixture were
not adjusted. PCV valves received no maintenance.
At the 12,000 test mile interval, each vehicle will receive an
ignition tuneup as specified by the manufacturer. Exception to the above
is when a vehicle exhibits continued stalling between test intervals; i.e.,
the engine will not idle. The stalling in such a vehicle will be diagnosed
at the time of the complaint by a Scott technician. The vehicle will be
returned to the fleet if maintenance of the ignition system eliminates the
stalling.
If idle quality is not restored because of ignition problems and
no other explanation for the stalling can be found (except attributable to
the PCV system or carburetor), the following procedure will be executed. The
exhaust emissions will be measured and a new PCV valve will be installed.
If stalling is eliminated, the emissions will be remeasured and the vehicle
will be returned to the fleet. If stalling continues after the new PCV
valve is installed, the original PCV valve will be reinstalled, and the
carburetor will be adjusted or cleaned if necessary to restore idle quality.
The emissions will be remeasured and the vehicle will then be returned to
the fleet for continuing mileage accumulation.
At the end of the mileage accumulation period (24,000 miles), the
exhaust of each vehicle will be measured as described above. Following
-------
Scott Research Labs., Inc.
Project #2807 2-6 April 30, 1970
2.2 EXHAUST EMISSION TESTS - continued
this the carburetor will be photographed and cleaned, the exhaust emissions
remeasured, a new PCV valve will be installed, and exhaust emissions measured
in duplicate for the final time.
Calculation Procedures: Federal 7-mode cycle and the steady
state emissions are time integrated, corrected, and weighted in accordance
with the Federal procedures outlined in the Federal Register, Volume 31,
Number 61, March 30, 1966. These procedures apply to 1969 vehicles which
is the year model cars being used in this test. After the curves are
time integrated, the weighted emissions are calculated on an IBM S360
computer. In addition, the 7-mode cycle mass emissions are calculated
from the concentration calculations in accordance with the 1970 Federal
procedures outlined in the Federal Register, Volume 33, Number 108, June 4,
1968.
Manual Versus Computer Calculations: In order to compare the
accuracy of the computer calculations, 7-mode exhaust emissions for three
vehicles were hand calculated. This comparison includes only the arith-
metic calculations. The results are as follows:
HC, ppm
CO, %
Car
No.
6
24
47
6
24
47
Manual
Calculation
212.20
251.61
296.05
0.386
0.936
0.817
Computer
Calculation
212.17
212.71
295.74
0.386
0.937
0.804
Difference
Percent*
0.01
0.03
0.03
0.00
0.10
1.59
* Difference, % = (Difference/Manual Calculation)(100)
-------
Scott Research Labs., Inc.
Project #2807 2-7 April 30, 1970
2.3 TEST OPERATIONS
Test Fleet; The test vehicles were selected from the most cost
effective sources in which maximum fleet control could be maintained.
Thirty 1969 San Bernardino County vehicles and eighteen 1969 Scott leased
vehicles make up the test fleet as follows:
No.
of
Cars
9
9
9
9
9
3
Make
Chevrolet
Chevrolet
Ford
Ford
Plymouth
Volkswagen
Model
Chevelle
Biscayne
Custom
Galaxie
Fury I
1131
Engine
Size,
CID
250
327
302
390
318
78
48
Before any fleet preparation took place, all 48 fleet vehicles
were divided into three fuel groups of 16 each with equal numbers by make
and engine displacement in each group. A more complete test fleet identi-
fication is listed in Appendix 5.5.
Test Fuels; As discussed above, the fleet was divided into three
fuel groups as follows:
Car
Number
1-16
17-32
33-48
Test
Fuel
Number
1
2
3
Test
Fuel
Color
Code
Red
White
Blue
Additive
Identification
None
White
Blue
-------
Scott Research Labs., Inc.
Project #2807 2-8 April 30, 1970
2.3 TEST OPERATIONS - continued
The gasoline additive was supplied by CRC and blended into the
base test fuel (Red) at the concentration of one (1) gallon per 1,000
gallons of gasoline which yielded the white and blue test fuels.
The base test fuel (red) was designated as MS08 which is pur-
chased from American Oil for mileage accumulation and testing. Appendix 5.6
lists the analyses of the MS08 test fuel for the three batches received to
date.
Fleet Control: An important phase in the program is the absolute
control of the operation of the vehicles; primarily, the absolute control
of dispensing the fuel to each test vehicle, its maintenance and records,
and the proper mileage accumulation rates. A written agreement between
San Bernardino County and Scott specified conditions for maintaining fleet
control and the integrity of the Fuel Additives Program.
Briefing Participants; Scott was assured of maximum cooperation
by San Bernardino County fleet managers who were thoroughly briefed about
the purposes of the program and the necessary controls to produce valid test
results. Each driver of the test vehicle was given a description of the
test program and each vehicle had decals appropriately placed on the dashboard
in full view of the driver, and another decal under the hood of the vehicle
reminding the operator of the need to notify Scott of any mechanical problems.
In addition, detailed instruction booklets were put in the glove compartment
of each vehicle.
-------
Scott Research Labs., Inc.
Project #2807
2.3 TEST OPERATIONS - continued
2-9
April 30, 1970
Mileage Accumulation: The mileage accumulation of the fleet vehicles
ranges from 1,000 to 2,000 miles per month. This mileage is accumulated in
city-suburban type driving and includes some freeway driving. All vehicles
are operated on routes with a one source fuel supply (Scott), and do not exceed
a range of approximately 200 miles before refueling.
A summary of the total fleet mileage accumulation is shown in the
following table:
Number of Cars*
No.
of
Cars
16
16
16
Fuel
Color
Red
White
Blue
Total
Mileage*
164,937
177,409
144,895
Average
January
Mileage
1,309
1,303
1,223
Test 1,2,3
(0 Miles)
16
16
16
Test 4
(4,000
Miles)
16
16
16
Test 8
(8,000
Miles)
14
15
11
Test 12
(12,000
Miles)
3
5
0
48
487,241
1,278
48
48
40
8
* First year mileage to March 1, 1970.
The 48 car average mileage is plotted in Figure 2.1. Each vehicle's
mileage accumulation rate was plotted from their respective start dates. The
accumulated test miles were read 'from each chart at one month time intervals
and then averaged. The first vehicle was modified and began accumulating
mileage on June 2, 1969. The last of the 48 car fleet was modified on
August 13, 1969. Figure 2.1 shows that fleet as a whole is averaging
approximately 1,280 miles per month at the 7 month interval.
Fuel Control and Consumption; Absolute fuel control is achieved
through the use of single source fuel supply at Scott under the direct control
-------
-------
Scott Research Labs., Inc.
Project #2807 2-11 April 30, 1970
2.3 TEST OPERATIONS - continued
of a Scott technician. His job is to control dispensing of fuel and recording
the pertinent data at each fuel fill such as odometer mileage and total gallons.
The vehicles are fitted with locked gas caps as well as the matched geometrically
shaped gas pump nozzle and gas tank fill pipe described in Section 2.1. Scott
has possession of the locked gas cap keys.
Fuel consumption is calculated on a per tank basis and a cumulative
average is tabulated. A sample fuel and mileage record is shown in Appendix 5.7.
Maintenance and Oil Change; All vehicles were thoroughly checked
at the start of the program as described in Appendix 5.1. As the vehicles
accumulated mileage, they were inspected and tuned, if necessary, prior to
the emission test at 4,000 miles as described in Section 2.2. Scott performed
all engine maintenance and oil changes specified by the manufacturer. All
maintenance was performed according to the manufacturer's recommendations,
with the exception of the PCV valve and carburetor idle adjustments.
-------
Scott Research Labs., Inc.
Project #2807 3-1 April 30, 1970
3. SIGNIFICANT PROBLEMS
3.1 IGNITION KNOCK SURVEY
Problem; Several compliants were received from the fleet drivers
of all vehicle makes concerning ignition knock during cruise and light
acceleration modes. As a result, Scott conducted an ignition knock survey
on all 48 fleet vehicles which determined the severity of the knock pro-
blem. A Scott technician conducted a five minute road test on each vehicle
as it came in for fuel. With the vehicle warmed up, the road test consisted
of a high gear 20-60 MPH moderate acceleration (throttle at detent) and a
40 MPH cruise condition. Ratings were assigned as no knock, borderline
knock, and above borderline.
Ignition Knock Survey Results: The ignition knock survey was
conducted in September and October, 1969. The resulting data are presented
in Appendix 5.8, and show that 46% of the vehicles had ignition knock, during
the 20-60 MPH acceleration. Basic timing for twelve of the fleet vehicles
exceeded 3° retard from specifications. Five of the fleet vehicles rated
above borderline knock were within a ± 3 tolerance band.
Appendix 5.8 includes point dwell measurements. These data were
used to determine if abnormal wear or maladjustment had effected the basic
timing settings. The data show that four fleet vehicles had less point dwell
(wider gap) than the specified range which would reflect a basic timing advance.
-------
Scott Research Labs., Inc.
Project #2807 3-2 April 30, 1970
3.1 IGNITION KNOCK SURVEY - continued
Corrective Action: To preclude ignition knock, the CAPE 2-68
Committee outlined corrective policy. The basic timing of those vehicles
with a knock problem was retarded. As the vehicles came in for exhaust
tests, the basic timing was set to manufacturer's specification before the
test. After the tests, the basic timing was reset to the retarded value.
The retard valves used are:
Basic Timing, Degrees
Make-Engine CID Mfg. Specs. Reset To:
Chevrolet-250 +4 +4*
Chevrolet-327 +2 -1
Ford-302 +6 +1
Ford-390 +6 +1
Plymouth-318 0 -3
Volkswagon-78 0 0*
* No change
Currently, fleet drivers are not complaining about ignition knock.
3.2 CARBURETOR DEPOSITS, CAR NUMBER 18
Carburetor Deposit Problem: At 6,500 test miles the driveability
of car number 18 became very poor. The car would continually stall at idle
and ran quite rough at low speeds. The exhaust gas appeared very rich and
the car was smoking excessively during the idle mode. Prior to the 6,500*
f
mile test point, the driver reported that the car's idle quality had been
gradually deteriorating. However, the car performed satisfactorily during
all other modes of operation.
-------
Scott Research Labs., Inc.
Project #2807 3-3 April 30, 1970
3.2 CARBURETOR DEPOSITS, CAR NUMBER 18 - continued
A complete inspection was conducted which included the ignition
and the PCV systems. Both systems were operating normally and the tune up
parameter adjustments compar-.d favorably with the measurements made at the
0 and 4,000 mile test interval. A new PCV valve was installed which produced
no idle quality change.
Exhaust emission tests were conducted at the 6,500 mile test point
which showed that the carburetor idle circuit was extremely rich (12% CO)
and that the accel mode emissions were normal. Cruise modes were also rich
(but less than idle) because of the influence of the idle circuit at 15 and
30 MPH.
Corrective Action; At the 6,500 mile test point corrective action
was taken in accordance with instructions of the CAPE 2-68 Committee. It was
decided to lower the idle CO to 6.00% and 600 RPM. The idle was readjusted to
600 RPM in drive and the mixture screws were turned into their seats (leaning)
which resulted in a 9.9% CO (uncorrected). This was still high but the car
idled satisfactorily and was not smoking. The Committee requested that the
i
car be returned to normal service for continued mileage accumulation.
At the 8,000 mile test point, car 18 again was idling extremely
rich and smoking excessively. The ignition and PCV systems were operating
normally. The 8,000 mile exhaust emission test was conducted and again
idle CO was extremely high (11%, uncorrected) at 350 in drive.
-------
Scott Research Labs., Inc.
Project #2807 3-4 April 30, 1970
3.2 CARBURETOR DEPOSITS, CAR NUMBER 18 - continued
Corrective action at the 8,000 mile test point was again taken
in accordance with the Committee's instructions:
1. Air cleaner (element tested "good" on an AC tester)
2. PCV line and fittings were open
3. Oil consumption (1940 miles/quart)
4. Clean carburetor (2 steps)
o Clean venturi main jet and idle cluster (only) and
measure emissions
o Clean remainder of carburetor, adjust idle, and
measure emissions
Inspection of the venturi cluster yielded no visible deposits in the idle
passages. The outer cluster surfaces, however, were dark in color. The
cluster was cleaned and reinstalled. The idle speed increased from 350
to 750 in drive and then was readjusted down to 600 in drive. The measured
idle CO decreased from the high of 11% down to 0.1% without adjusting the
mixture screws which were still seated as described above for the 6,500
mile tests.
The carburetor was then completely cleaned and reinstalled. Idle
CO was readjusted to 1.0% (uncorrected) at 600 RPM in drive. Exhaust
emissions were measured and the vehicle was returned to the fleet for con-
tinued mileage accumulation.
Table 3.1 and Figure 3.1 show a summary for all exhaust emissions
tests through the 8,000 mile test point for this vehicle.
-------
Scott Research Labs., Inc.
Project #2807
3-5
April 30, 1970
Table 3.1 Exhaust Emission Summary
Fuel Additives Test Fleet,
Car Number 18
Measured
Composite Hot Start
Test
Miles
0
4,000
6,500
6,500
8,000
8,000
Test
No.
1,2,3
4
42
43
8
81
Test
Condition
After T.U.
As Received
As Received
After Adjust
As Received
After Venturi
Idle
RPM
600
350
300*
600
350
600
Quality
CO. %
0.9
5.8
12.0*
9.9
11.0
0.1
7 -Mode
HC , ppm
248
496
1017
518
1703
362
Emissions
CO, %
0.50
2.75
1.92
1.89
3.71
0.26
Cluster Cleaned
8,000 82 After Complete
Carb. Clean and
Idle Adjust
600
1.0
210
1.17
* Stalled continually (idle CO measured with foot on throttle at approximately
300 KPM)
Average Fuel Consumption = 11.0 mpg
Average Oil Consumption = 1940 miles/quart
-------
Scott Research Labs., Inc.
Project #2807
3-6
April 30, 1970
600
4 6
TEST MILES x 1000
Figure 3.1 Exhaust Emissions Versus Test Mileage
Fuel Additives Test Fleet, Car No. 18
-------
Scott Research Labs., Inc.
Project #2807 4-1 April 30, 1970
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
4.1 EXHAUST EMISSION DATA
Both the zero mile and the 4,000 mile tests were completed in
the first year. The data from these tests are presented in Appendix 6.1
and 6.2.
The general format of the data is illustrated by Table 4.1 which
shows 7-mode carbon monoxide concentration values in volume percent, 7-mode
hydrocarbon concentration values in parts per million on a volume basis,
idle RPM, and PCV flow rates in standard cubic feet per minute.
A striking feature of these data is the degree to which the
Make #6 (Volkswagen) data stand apart from those of the other makes. On
the basis of this feature of the data, the Volkswagen is herein defined as
distinctly different. Therefore, its data have been deleted from the com-
parison of mathematical variance within groups to the mathematical variance
between groups (analysis of variance or AOV).
The tables of Appendix 6.2 show that data for some of the steady state
parameters were not recorded for three to five of the vehicles at the 4,000
I
mile test interval. To preclude disproportionality in the cells of the AOV
matrices, the average value for the steady state parameter of the other cars
of the same make utilizing the same fuel at the same test interval were used
to fill the voids.
-------
Scott Research Labs., Inc.
Project #2807
Table 4.1
April 30, 1970
7 -Mode CO
Car
No.
1
2
3
17
18
19
33
34
35
4
5
6
20
21
22
36
37
38
7
8
9
23
24
25
39
40
41
Make
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
Fuel
1
1
1
2
2
2
3
3
3
1
1
1
2
2
2
3
3
3
1
1
1
2
2
2
3
3
3
Values
Test 1
0.75
0.46
0.56
0.50
0.48
0.78
1.45
0.62
0.59
0.81
0.52
0.39
0.62
0.61
0.87
0.67
0.86
0.57
0.44
0.47
0.64
0.58
0.95
0.67
0.65
0.70
0.46
in %
Test 2
1.57
1.90
0.90
0.94
2.78
1.29
1.38
1.07
0.95
0.68
1.25
0.62
0.74
0.50
0.48
0.55
0.77
0.52
0.34
1.19
0.76
0.64
0.61
0.44
0.71
1.04
0.49
7 -Mode HC
Values
Test 1
210.80
233.08
241.62
260.10
233.55
284.91
191.20
245.33
209.08
293.69
186.78
221.06
257.40
228.74
256.78
230.43
227.19
188.73
222.90
204.44
227.43
237.24
251.01
272.37
248.48
278.23
263.39
in ppm
Test 2
244.54
276.38
189.94
219.07
496.28
251.82
216.18
244.65
263.81
271.57
445.15
198.83
320.18
248.84
326.32
282.15
221.93
231.80
220.90
205.15
223.45
189.11
195.96
221.62
228.94
236.46
228.26
Idle
Test 1
600
600
600
600
600
600
580
606
600
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
560
550
550
550
RPM
Test 2
620
580
620
630
600
600
580
600
600
475
550
600
550
520
530
525
550
600
620
580
540
550
550
600
580
500
590
PCV Flow
(cu. ft.
Test 1
1.70
1.61
1.75
1.70
1.67
1.76
1.56
1.61
1.52
1.30
1.21
1.27
1.22
1.20
1.31
1.30
1.32
1.24
1.80
1.81
1.90
1.89
1.80
1.80
1.90
2.00
1.80
/min. )
Test 2
1.82
1.85
1.80
1.85
1.81
1.76
1.80
1.75
1.79
1.76
1.75
1.85
1.86
1.80
1.81
1.76
1.76
1.85
1.83
1.70
1.76
1.75
1.81
1.76
1.84
1.88
1.78
J>-
NOTE: Tests 1 and 2 are the 0 and 4,000 mile data, respectively.
-------
Scott Research Labs., Inc.
Project #2807
Table 4.1
(cont.)
April 30, 1970
7-Mode CO
Car
No.
10
11
12
26
27
28
42
43
44
13
14
15
29
30
31
45
46
47
16
32
48
Make
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
Fuel
1
1
1
2
2
2
3
3
3
1
1
1
2
2
2
3
3
3
1
2
3
Values
Test 1
0.53
0.50
0.90
0.64
0.43
0.52
0.67
0.53
0.60
0.65
0.65
0.61
0.76
0.67
0.76
0.49
0.64
0.81
1.37
1.15
1.83
in %
Test 2
0.40
0.57
1.21
0.53
0.48
0.46
0.92
0.76
0.75
0.58
0.47
0.32
0.50
0.47
0.64
0.58
0.59
0.54
1.56
1.06
1.73
7 -Mode HC
Values
Test 1
268.68
245.54
328.73
337.14
323.76
326.68
373.68
349.67
336.91
244.63
188.53
247.63
288.16
242.98
290.18
340.60
261.48
305.95
407.70
475.87
354.99
in ppm
Test 2
271.77
293.04
382.15
296.31
330.62
310.15
333.06
304.61
305.88
250.82
191.24
377.14
230.69
259.98
245.91
318.28
271.58
744.73
575.14
171.21
452.48
Idle
Test 1
550
550
550
533
533
550
550
550
550
550
550
650
556
650
650
650
650
640
850
850
850
RPM
Test 2
560
575
550
550
580
575
550
540
550
560
600
525
550
520
600
540
560
525
750
880
1050
PCV
(cu. ft
Test 1
1.97
1.86
1.82
1.89
1.90
1.92
1.83
1.81
1.86
1.70
1.80
1.67
1.80
1.81
1.73
1.72
1.98
1.80
2.65
2.98
3.00
Flow
. /min . )
Test 2
1.61
1.82
1.85
1.80
1.80
1.81
1.75
1.80
1.86
1.71
1.86
1.86
1.82
1.85
1.83
1.78
1.82
1.80
2.67*
2.30
2.61
* VW PCV flowed <§ 1" H20, all other valves flowed @ 18" Hg
NOTE: Tests 1 and 2 are the 0 and 4,000 mile data, respectively.
-------
Scott Research Labs., Inc.
Project #2807 4-4 April 30, 1970
4.1 EXHAUST EMISSION DATA - continued
Table 4.2 contains the results of each of the nineteen three-
factor (fuel, test interval, make) AOV's performed.
The calculated values of F listed in Appendix 6.4 were compared
with those from an F-distribution table to determine the significance levels
of the differences within factors and their interactions. Table 4.2 lists
the significance level of the differences within each factor and inter-
action from the 95% to the 99.9% confidence levels. The differences in
levels within the various factors were chosen to be significant only at the
95% confidence level or higher.
The initial test conducted in performing an analysis of variance
is the F-test of a given factor or interaction effect. The F-test alone,
however, indicates only the acceptance or rejection of the homogeneity
hypothesis and does not indicate the homogeneous subsets that exist within
the data set. A test commonly used to partition the data into subsets is
the new multiple range test.* This test is based upon comparisons of
individual mean values within factors. Table 4.3 contains the mean values
for all significant factors. This test has been applied to the significant
factors of fuel and make. A sample analysis procedure demonstrating the
new multiple range test is incorporated in Appendix 6.3.
Fuel: Only two of the nineteen parameters tested, (HC, FID, 40)
and (HC, XDIR, 40), showed significant differences between fuels at the
95% confidence level. The individual comparisons of the neans within the
* Biometrics, March, 1955.
-------
Scott Research Labs., Inc.
Project #2807
4-5
April 30, 1970
Table 4.2 Analysis of Variance Results
(0 and 4,000 Mile)
Significance at or above the Confidence Level Indicated (1)
Emission
Parameter
7-Mode CO
7-Mode HC
Idle, RPM
PCV Flow
HC, FID, 20
HC, FID, 40
HC, FID, Idle
HC, NDIR, 20
HC, NDIR, 40
HC, NDIR, Idle
C02, 20
C02, 40
C02, Idle
CO, 20
CO, 40
CO, Idle
02, 20
02, 40
02, Idle
Fuel
0.95
0.95
Interval
0.95
-
-
0.999
0.95
0.999
-
-
0.99
-
0.95
-
0.999
0.95
-
0.999
-
-
_
Make
0.999
0.99
0.999
0.999
-
0.999
0.95
0.999
0.999
0.999
0.999
0.999
0.999
0.999
0.999
0.999
0.99
0.999
0.95
Fuel x
Fuel x Fuel x Interval Interval
Interval Make x Make x Make
0.999
-
0.999
0.999
-
-
0.95
0.99
0.99 0.95
0.95
0.99
-
0.999
0.99
-
0.999
-
0.95 -
0.95
(1) Dashes indicate that calculated F-values are not significant at or above
the 0.95 confidence level.
-------
Scott Research Labs., Inc.
Project #2807
April 30, 1970
Table 4.3 Individual Comparisons of the Means for
Significance Factors Shown in Table 4.2
(Listed in Ascending Order)
Emission Mean
Parameter
7 -Mode CO
7-Mode HC
(Note A)
Mean Level
Level (Fuel) (Interval)
(Note B) (Note C)
0.645(1)
0.797(2)
Idle, RPM -
PCV
HC,
HC,
HC,
HC,
HC,
HC,
CO
C°2
C02
cof
CO,
CO,
°2*
00,
Flow
FID,
FID,
FID,
NDIR,
NDIR,
NDIR,
, 20
, 40
, Idle
20
40
Idle
20
40
Idle
-
20
40 421(1)
Idle
20
40 184(1)
Idle
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1.68 (1)
406 (2)
447(3) 468(2) 415 (2)
- -
_
188(3) 204(2) 183 (1)
_ _ _
14.11(2)
_ _ _
13.05(2)
0.612(1)
_
1.16 (1)
_ _ _
- - -
_
1.80 (2)
458 (1)
475 (1)
-
-
201 (2)
-
14.38(1)
-
13.84(1)
0.886(2)
-
1.95 (2)
-
-
-
0.60 (5)
231 (3)
547 (2)
1.53 (2)
-
328 (2)
399 (5)
198 (3)
133 (2)
183 (5)
13.46(1)
14.51(1)
12.56(1)
0.37 (3)
0.22 (2)
1.23 (3)
1.28 (1)
1.64 (3)
0.95 (3)
Mean
0.63
251
552
1.73
-
417
430
198
182
196
(4)
(D
(4)
-------
Scott Research Labs., Inc.
Project #2807 4-7 April 30, 1970
4.1 EXHAUST EMISSION DATA - continued
fuel factor are listed in Table 4.3 and are grouped by the new multiple
range test as follows:
Fuel Number
HC, FID, 40 '~1 HT 2
HC, NDIR, 40 __1 3_j 2
For the HC, FID, 40 measurement, Fuels 1 and 3 are not significantly
different from each other and Fuels 2 and 3 are also not different from
each other. However, a grouping of Fuels 1 and 3 is significantly different
from a grouping of Fuels 2 and 3. For the HC, NDIR, 40 variable, Fuels 1
and 3 mean levels are not significantly different. Fuel 2 (white additive)
does, however, have a higher level than Fuels 1 and 3.
On the basis of this analysis, the conclusion is that at the
4,000-mile test interval, broad differences in the parameters tested with
respect to the fuel factor are not apparent. However, if carburetor venturi
and PCV deposits increase with further mileage accumulation, the significance
of this factor will become more apparent.
Interval; Since there are data for only two test intervals, the
significance levels indicate only a difference between the two levels.
Treatment with the new multiple range test is therefore not required. The
AOV's show nine parameters to be significantly different at the second
test interval. These differences have been divided by category for dis-
cussion purposes as follows:
-------
Scott Research Labs., Inc.
Project #2807 4-8 April 30, 1970
4.1 EXHAUST EMISSION DATA - continued
A. 7-Mode CO*
Idle CO
Steady State CO @ 20 MPH
Idle CO
Steady State C02 @ 20 MPH
B. PCV Flow Rates
C. Steady State HC by FID @ 20 MPH
Steady State HC by FID @ 40 MPH
Steady State HC by NDIR @ 40 MPH
Category A contains those related significant parameters asso-
ciated with C0-C0_ balance. These significances were all anticipated.
The CO values increase with mileage and the C02 values decrease as the CO
values increase. There are no anomalies connected with these data and a
greater pronouncement of these effects is expected at the next test interval.
Category B, the PCV flow rates, show an unexpected trend with
mileage. The overall average flow rate increased. The average flow for
three Makes 1, 2, and 5 show an increase with mileage. Flows for Makes 3
and 4 show a decrease with mileage. These data will be carefully examined
for a possible conclusive result at later test intervals.
Category C is composed of hydrocarbon concentration measurements.
Some degree of anomalous behavior is apparent. The NDIR device indicates a
significantly higher value of hydrocarbons at the 40-MPH steady state case
at 4,000 miles. The FID device indicates a significantly lower value of
hydrocarbons for the same case as well as the 20-MPH steady state case.
* The average values of the parameters of all categories are shown in
TaV.1 o L V
Table 4.3.
-------
Scott Research Labs., Inc.
Project #2807 4-9 April 30, 1970
4.1 EXHAUST EMISSION DATA - continued
Table 4.3 shows the average values and indicates that the interval differ-
ences are minor when compared to the differences in the basic measurements.
The FID instrument operates on an entirely different principle than does
the NDIR instrument. The FID device basically counts all unoxidized carbon
atoms, while the NDIR device counts only those hydrocarbons that are closely
akin chemically to normal hexane. Therefore, the possibility does exist that
these devices are not presenting anomalous data. A probable explanation of
the effects seen here is that these vehicles are not yet truly stabilized
with respect to hydrocarbon emissions. A gradual increase in the level of
hydrocarbons is expected. This expected increase will probably be apparent
at the next test interval and should be observable on both types of instru-
mentation.
Make; Table 4.2 shows that 18 of the 19 parameters reflect
significance with respect to the make factor. Since the significance level
was established at 95%, a misleading indication can be expected about 5% of
the time. On this basis, all parameters vary significantly between makes.
t
The new multiple range test has been utilized to examine this conclusion in
somewhat greater detail. Table 4.4 shows the results of this examination.
This examination makes apparent the fact that no single make is consistently
the highest or lowest with respect to the nineteen parameters. If a single
make were identifiable as the highest or lowest valued across the parameters,
either a six-cylinder or the largest displacement eight-cylinder engine
would be a reasonable expectation. However, no such identification is
-------
Scott Research Labs., Inc.
Project #2807
4-10
April 30, 1970
Table 4.4 Results of the New Multiple Range Test
on Make Factor Significances
7-Mode CO
7-Mode EC
Idle RPM
PCV Flow Rate
Steady State HC (FID) @ 40 MPH
Steady State HC (FID) @ Idle
Steady State HC (NDIR) @ 20 MPH
Steady State HC (NDIR) @ 40 MPH
Steady State HC (NDIR) @ Idle
Steady State C02 @ 20 MPH
Steady State C0_ @ 40 MPH
Steady State C02 @ Idle
Steady State CO @ 20 MPH
Steady State CO @ 40 MPH
Steady State CO @ Idle
Steady State 02 @ 20 MPH
Steady State 02 @ 40 MPH
Steady State 0 @ Idle
Lowest
Values
Highest
M3
M2
M2
M2
M5
M3
M2
M5 -
Ml
Ml
Ml
M3
M2
M3
Ml
M3
M3
Ml
M4
Ml
Ml
M2
Ml
Ml
M3
M5
M3
M4
M2
M4
M5
M3
M5
M2
M2
M3
M5
M5
M3
M2
M5
M2
M4
M5
M2
M4
M5
M2
M2
M2
Ml
M5
M5
M3
M3
M4
M4
M3
Ml
M2
M4
M5
M5
M3
M4
M5
Ml
M4
M4
Ml
M4
M4
Ml
M5
M4
M4
M3
M2
M3
Ml
Ml
Ml
M4
M4
M5;
-------
Scott Research Labs., Inc.
Project #2807 4-11 April 30, 1970
4.1 EXHAUST EMISSION DATA - continued
possible. A conclusion is that: there is a significant difference between
makes with respect to any given emission parameter, but there is no make
that is significantly different across the spectrum of parameters.
Two-Way Factor Interactions; The two-way factor interactions are
briefly discussed below. In general, the interpretations of the signifi-
cances are similar to the interpretations assigned to the significant factors
themselves. There are no anomalies.
Fuel x Interval; The only parameter indicating the Fuel x Interval
factor interaction as significant is the steady state 0~ concentration at
40 MPH. This significance is at the lowest level, 95%, and is unsupportable
from an analytical point of view. Arranging the mean values of the Fuel (F)
x Interval (I) interaction from lowest to highest gives the following:
(F2 x 12) (F3 x II) (Fl x II) (Fl x 12) (F2 x II) (F3 x 12)
There is no consistant pattern to this arrangement either by Fuel or Interval.
Differences in the Fuel x Interval factor interaction are hopefully
to be apparent prior to the completion of the program.
Fuel x Make; Three parameters show a significant difference with
respect to this interaction. These parameters are HC by NDIR at 40 MPH, HC
by NDIR at 20, and steady state 0~ at Idle. The interactions for these
parameters are listed below in order of descending magnitude of their mean
values:
-------
Scott Research Labs., Inc.
Project #2807 4-12 April 30, 1970
4.1 EXHAUST EMISSION DATA - continued
HC by NDIR
at 40 MPH
F2 x M4
F3 x M4
Fl x M4
F2 x Ml
F3 x M5
Fl x M3
F2 x M3
F2 x M5
F3 x M3
F3 x Ml
Fl x Ml
Fl x M5
F2 x M2
Fl x M2
F3 x M2
HC by NDIR
at 20 MPH
F3 x M5
F3 x M4
F2 x M5
F2 x M2
F2 x M4
Fl x Ml
F2 x M5
Fl x M3
Fl x M4
Fl x M3
Fl x Ml
F2 x M2
F3 x M3
F3 x M3
F3 x Ml
Steady State
0_ at Idle
Fl x M4
F3 x M5
F2 x M5
Fl x M5
Fl x Ml
Fl x M2
F2 x M3
F2 x Ml
F3 x M3
F3 x Ml
F2 x M2
F3 x M2
F3 x M4
Fl x M3
F2 x M4
The order of the means of HC by NDIR at 40 Fuel x Make interactions
indicates that these values have been heavily influenced by the make factor.
The three highest valued means belong to Make #4 and the three lowest valued
means belong to Make #2. The Fuel factor seems to be well distributed down
the list.
Fuel x Make interaction means for HC by NDIR at 20 show some
level of ordering by both Make and Fuel, but is by no means as evident as the
ordering for HC by NDIR at 40 MPH.
The steady state 0? at Idle Fuel x Make factor interaction means
also show a degree of ordering with respect to both factors, i.e., Make #5
is grouped together at the high end of the scale, the rest of the Makes appear
to be randomly distributed.
The significances shown by the three parameters with respect
to the Fuel x Make factor interaction represent results that are consistant
with the results obtained from analysis of the factors alone.
-------
Scott Research Labs., Inc.
Project #2807 4-13 April 30, 1970
4.1 EXHAUST EMISSION DATA - continued
Interval x Make; Table 4.2 shows that ten parameters have signi-
ficant differences with respect to this interaction. These interactions
are shown in Table 4.5. The effects of the prime factors are clearly
apparent in the arrangement of the interaction mean values for several of
the parameters. For instance: all the hydrocarbon parameters reflect the
Make factor strongly; whereas the CO and C0_ parameters reflect the interval
factor strongly. Table 4.5 demonstrates that there is no single Interval x
Make interaction that is consistantly the highest or lowest valued, i.e., no
Interval x Make pattern has been established at the 4,000 mile test point.
Three-Way Factor Interactions; None of the parameters reflects
a three-way factor interaction as significant.
4.2 FUEL COMPOSITION DIFFERENCES
A series of tests were conducted to verify the hypothesis that
fuel additives would not alter the fuel composition in a way that would affect
exhaust emissions at the 0-mile interval. Twenty tests were conducted on a
I
1969 Chevrolet 327 CID, which is not in the 48 car test fleet, using Indolene
30 and Fuels 1, 2, and 3. Each test fuel was used during the test five
different times in the random order shown in Table 4.6.
To establish temperature equilibrium, the car was warmed up for
15 minutes at 40-mph road load, and then driven through seven 7-mode cycles.
The HC, (NDIR), CO, and C02 emissions were recorded on the last two cycles.
Steady state exhaust emissions were also measured at 50-mph cruise and at idle.
-------
Scott Research Labs., Inc.
Project #2807
April 30, 1970
Table 4.5 Interval x Make Interaction Significances
Parameter
Idle CO
Steady State CO, 20 MPH
7-Mode CO
Steady State C02, Idle
Steady State C02, 20 MPH
Steady State HC FID, Idle
Steady State HC NDIR, 40
Steady State HC NDIR, Idle
PCV Flow
Idle RPM
Lowest -«-
Mean Values
Highest
(II x M2)(I1
(II x M4)(I1
(12 x M5)(I1
(12 x Ml) (12
(12 x Ml)(II
(12 x M5)(I2
(II x M2)(I2
(II x M5)(I2
(II x M2)(I1
(12 x M2)(I1
x Ml)(II x M3)(I2 x M5)(I2 x M3)(Il x M4)(12 x M2)(I2 x M4)(I2
x M3)(I2 x M2)(I2 x M3)(I1 x M2)(12 x M4)(I1 x Ml)(12 x M5)(ll
x M4)(I1 x M3)(I1 x M2)(I1 x M5)(12 x M4)(12 x M2)(Il x Ml)(l2
x M4)(I2 x M2)(I1 x M5)(I2 x M3)(I2 x M5)(I1 x M4)(I1 x M3)(II
x M5)(I2 x M5)(I1 x Ml)(12 x M4)(Il x M2)(I1 x M3)(I2 x M2)(12
x M2)(I2 x M3)(I1 x M5)(I1 x Ml)(II x M3)(II x M2)(12 x M4)(ll
x M2)(I1 x Ml)(12 x M5)(I1 x M5)(12 x M3)(I1 x M3)(12 x Ml)(II
x M5)(I2 x M3)(I1 .x Ml) (II x M2) (II x M3)(I2 x M2)(I2 x Ml) (12
x Ml)(II x M5)(I2 x M4)(I2 x M3)(I2 x M2)(I2 x Ml)(12 x M5)(II
x M4)(I1 x M2)(I1 x M3)(I2 x M5)(12 x M4)(I2 x M3)(Il x Ml)(12
x Ml)(II x M5)
x M5)(I2 x Ml)
x M3)(I2 x Ml)
x Ml)(II x M2)
x M3)(I1 x M4)
x M4)(I2 1 Ml)
x M4)(I2 x M4)
x M4)(I1 x M4)
x M3)(I1 x M4)
x Ml)(II x M5)
-------
Scott Research Labs., Inc.
Project #2807
4-15
April 30, 1970
Table 4.6 The Effect of Fuel Additives on
Exhaust Emissions at 0 Test Miles
1969 Chevrolet 327 CID, Auto. Trans.
(Not a Fleet Test Car)
Steady State (Corrected*)
Test
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
* 15/ (CO
Test
Fuel
Ind. 30
Ind. 30
2
2
1
3
3
2
1
3
2
Ind. 30
2
1
Ind. 30
3
1
Ind. 30
3
1
+ co2)
Amb.
Temp,
F
70
70
73
75
78
74
70
70
68
68
70
70
68
66
76
80
74
68
64
65
7 -Mode
HC,
PPm
189
227
244
247
249
222
261
233
276
276
250
238
275
264
302
289
254
269
238
226
Wtd Ems
CO, %
1.08
1.29
0.98
1.01
0.94
0.76
0.89
1.02
0.89
0.94
0.79
1.17
0.90
1.12
1.16
1.00
1.02
1.18
0.90
0.94
Idle
HC,
PPm
224
256
297
265
247
245
257
246
315
260
265
274
303
320
346
344
313
293
289
261
CO, %
2.0
2.6
1.9
1.5
2.4
1.3
2.0
2.1
2.3
2.3
1.7
2.7
1.5
2.5
2.5
1.9
1.9
2.8
1.8
1.9
50 MPH
HC,
PPm
164
195
258
184
212
199
221
207
266
240
230
244
250
272
293
274
238
254
240
218
, Cruise
CO, %
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.0
1.7
1.2
1.3
1.2
1.2
1.1
1.1
1.3
1.4
1.3
1.5
1.3
1.3
1.4
1.3
1.2
-------
Scott Research Labs., Inc.
Project #2807 4-16 April 30, 1970
4.2 FUEL COMPOSITION DIFFERENCES
After each test the fuel line was disconnected and the car was
operated until it ran out of fuel. The car was soaked for at least 30
minutes before starting the next exhaust test. The next test fuel was
then connected and the car was conditioned as described above prior to the
exhaust test.
A statistical analysis was conducted on these data to determine
the effect of fuel additives on the 7-mode weighted emissions. The data
show that the additives for Fuel 2 and Fuel 3 do not alter the composition
of the base fuel (Fuel 1) in a way that would influence emission levels
on a test vehicle which had not previously used the test fuels.
4.3 CONCLUSIONS
The major conclusion is that: no significant differences in
emission parameters were determined at the 4,000 mile point on the basis of
fuel employed.
Secondary conclusions consist of: (A) except for the PCV flow
rates, all parameters reflecting significance with respect to the Interval
Factor behave as anticipated. Data for PCV flow ratio are to be examined at
higher test intervals for possible additional conclusions; (B) all emissions
parameters varied significantly between makes, however, no single make was
consistently the highest or lowest or most extreme valued across the spectrum
of the 19 parameters measured.
An observation with respect to the data from the Volkswagen vehicles
was made. On the basis of the distinctly different data the Volkswagen was
separated from the American-made vehicles and was not considered in this
analysis.
-------
Scott Research Labs., Inc.
Project #2807 5-1 April 30, 1970
APPENDIX 5.1 INITIAL SHOP PROCEDURES, FUEL ADDITIVES PROGRAM
Fleet control consists of fueling the vehicles as they accumulate
mileage, the scheduling of exhaust tests, and scheduling maintenance services.
Fueling Vehicles During Mileage Accumulation; Fuel vehicles with
assigned test fuel and record data on fuel record. Recap fuel data to
individual vehicle fuel records and calculate cumulative mileage and fuel
consumption.
Pickup and Delivery of Car: Determine correct odometer mileage
for vehicle maintenance and exhaust tests. Telephone designated County
personnel for pick up and delivery of the vehicle. Record the following
data while car is in Scott's possession:
o Fill in the instruction sheet (located on sun visor) with
the odometer for next scheduled service or exhaust test.
o Fill in appropriate data on individual vehicle service
and test record.
Decal Installation; Install decals at the following locations;
Decal Location
Engine Maintenance Air Cleaner Top
Test Gasoline Inside gas cap door or on the
backside of license plates.
Test Oil On or near oil fill cap.
The primary purpose of this program is to measure the effect of
fuel additives on exhaust emissions. In order to measure the effect of
additives on exhaust emissions, pre-emission tuneup procedures will consist
-------
Scott Research Labs., Inc.
Project #2807 5-2 April 30, 1970
APPENDIX 5.1 INITIAL SHOP PROCEDURES, FUEL ADDITIVES PROGRAM - continued
of a "super tuneup" and servicing the car prior to exhaust testing and
mileage accumulation. It is extremely important that all electrical,
carburetion, and service items be adjusted correctly to manufacturer's
specifications so that malfunctions will be kept to a minimum during
mileage accumulation.
Fuel Tank Modification; Pump out tank gasoline and remove fuel
tank and/or filler pipe. Install assigned fuel control "freeze plug" in
vehicles as follows:
Fuel Control
Test Fuel Geometric
Car No.
1-16
17-32
33-48
Group
1
2
3
Color
Red
White
Blue
Configuration
a
o
0
Reinstall tank, fill with specified test fuel, and install lock gas cap.
Lubrication and Oil Change; Lubricate, change oil, and install new
oil filter in accordance with manufacturer's specifications. Use M2C48 motor
oil from American Oil Company. This will be performed on all fleet vehicles
for the first test. Subsequent lubrication and oil changes may be scheduled
at different times than exhaust test mileage interval.
Electrical Tune Up; Conduct ignition system diagnosis with the
Autoscan Ignition Analyzer. Record diagnosis as outlined on the Pre-Emission
Test Tuneup Summary (see Appendix 5.2).
-------
Scott Research Labs., Inc.
Project #2807 5-3 April 30, 1970
APPENDIX 5.1 INITIAL SHOP PROCEDURES, FUEL ADDITIVES PROGRAM - continued
Remove distributor and install new points and condenser. Check
point dwell, mechanical advance, and vacuum advance systems for correct
operation and adjustments in the Sun distributor machine. Install new
spark plugs.
Record ignition system adjustments on the Pre-Emission Test
Tuneup Summary (Appendix 5.2).
Carburetor Installation and Adjustments: Install new carburetor,
and the PCV valve designated for a particular vehicle. Install new air
filter element. Check the heat riser valve for correct operation.
Carburetor and Ignition Specifications; Following tuneup pro-
cedures, make "on car" adjustments to specifications shown in Table 1.
Adjust throttle positioner as specified in shop manuals on Chevrolet 250
and VW's, and record on Pre-Emission Test Tuneup Summary.
EXHAUST EMISSIONS TEST PROCEDURES
Exhaust emissions tests will consist of 7-mode and steady state
exhaust emission measurements. Idle adjustments are extremely critical
and must be stabilized before proceeding with exhaust emission tests. Idle
adjustments will be locked for 24,000 miles after exhaust testing is complete.
\
Idle Mixture Adjustment; Adjust car to idle speed and mixture
specifications shown in Table 1 (References for idle mixture adjustment
procedures are included). Run two 7-mode cycles to see if idle CO and speed
-------
Scott Research Labs., Inc.
Project #2807 5-4 April 30, 1970
APPENDIX 5.1 INITIAL SHOP PROCEDURES, FUEL ADDITIVES PROGRAM - continued
returns to the initial adjustment. If not, readjust idle .and run two more
7-mode cycles. Continue on with emissions tests if idle mixture and speed
remains stable from cycle to cycle. Record carburetor adjustments on
Pre-Emission Test Tune Up Summary.
Exhaust Emission Measurements: Measure HC (NDIR and FID), CO,
C0?, and 0_. Use tank test fuel for all tests. The mass flow system will
not be used during emission tests.
Precondition vehicle (after idle mixture adjustment) at 40 MPH
for 15 minutes. Run four (4) 7-mode cycles and record emissions of the
last 2 cycles.
Measure steady state emissions listed above at the following
conditions in the order listed:
Precondition Test Condition
3 minutes 20 MPH, road load
3 minutes 40 MPH, road load
1 minute Idle in drive
Measure emissions for 15 seconds at each condition after pre-
conditioning.
Record all pertinent exhaust emission data on Exhaust Emission
Summary for Data Processing (Figure 2).
POST TEST PROCEDURES
Idle Mixture and Speed; In order to prevent idle adjustments
being made by the driver in the field, lock both idle mixture and idle
speed screws with epoxy, jam nuts, safety wiring, or "shields."
-------
Scott Research Labs., Inc.
Project #2807 5-5 April 30, 1970
APPENDIX 5.1 INITIAL SHOP PROCEDURES, FUEL ADDITIVES PROGRAM - continued
Check pre-emission test tuneup summary and exhaust emission
summary sheet for completeness before delivering vehicle.
Insert all data sheets in vehicle file.
-------
A » Adjust
R « Replace
Scott Research Labs., Inc.
Project #2807
5-6
April 30, 1970
APPENDIX 5.2 PRE EMISSION TEST TUNEUP SUMMARY
Car ''*
Odo
> mi:.es
Car Make C, _/_e\/_t-o /
Engine CID
Total Diagnosis T:'.me_
hrs. Total Tuneup Time
hrt
IGNITION SYSTEM
Firing Line
o Required Voltage, kv
o Coil Available Voltage, kv
5 park Line
Coil Oscillations
Co.nd. Oscillations
Points Opening
Points Closing
Dynamic Compression (speed change "')
DIAGNOSIS
o/(
^-7
oK
OK
o K
o K
oK
l/O.f 2 _$_ 3 ?_ 4_£JT'
5 // 6 ? 1 8
Checked
Bv
IGNITION SYSTEM ADJUSTMENTS
Spark Plug Cap, inches
Ignition Point Dwell, distr. degrees
Ignition Timing, crankshaft degrees
Total Advance, crankshaft degrees
Mechanical Advance, crankshaft decrees
*
Vacuum Advance, crankshaft degrees
As Rec'd
W°
A7°
<*£'
.Spec.
.03&
$f-$V°
y &TC
Arij (A) or
Replace (R)
R- ,035"
32.5'
i' ere
-------
Scott Research Labs., Inc.
Project #2807
5-7
April 30, 1970
APPENDIX 5.2 PRE EMISSION TEST TUNEUP SUMMARY - continued
CAXP.U^ETOR ADJUSTMENTS
Idle RPM, Drive/Vacuum, in, He
Idle RPM, Neutral /Vacuum, in. Hft
Idle RPM (throttle positioner off)
Trlle CO, %/AF Ratio
Exhaust CO ^ 2500 RPM. Neutral
As Rec'd
f?o//y. o
730//&,.0
3. 3-
0. Z
Soec.
ttob
Adj (A) or
Replace (P.
tto t>
blo/tf.^
/. ^
t>. 3
decked
Bv
AIR CLEANER
Element Condition, AC Tester
Thermostatic Intake Opening Temp, F
EXHAUST CONTROL VALVE
Heat Riser Valve Operation
fl
o
/ 0-0
Frozen
Closed
Frozen
Open
Free
X
-------
Scott Research Labs., Inc.
Project #2807
5-8
April 30, 1970
APPENDIX 5.3 CARBURETOR SPECIFICATION SHEET
Car Make
Year
-rf»J;Lj Engine CID
Carb. 0 70^10/y Carb. Type: JBB iX 4 BB _ Date
Project # £807- O 3 _ Car # £ _
Float Level, Primary
Float Level, Secondary
Float Drop, Primary
Float Drop, Secondary
Main Metering Jets, Primary
Main Metering Jets, Secondary
Metering Rods, First Stage
Metering Rods, Second Stage
Accelerator Pump Stroke
Idle-Bowl-Vent
Choke Type
Choke Setting
Choke Vacuum Break or Kick
Choke Unloader
_ ^ _., Mechanical
Fast Idle Runn±M
Idle Speed - RPM
Idle Mixture Screws Turns Open
Was
3/,* "
.07?
, oV6
—
, Ho
. *U 6
.37f
foSl
D
N
Spec's
^"
—
—
—
,/oy
—
, o 7o
—
—
. 0^0
*J* II
T/er/nos7*7?C
. /70
.H&
-S^o
, / o-t>
£L*JOO
D
N
Set To
'A'
, o 7o
.ofd
—
, /7t>
.*yf
. / *0
D
N
t
Remarks:
SRS-151
-------
Scott Research Labs., inc
Project #2807
5-9
A p r i 1 30. lril'j
LLU-L'
fFFh
BE?
'. 'V A
'•Gift'ft
rmbfef
Pie
32 F:
.it!
Ptr
X
I . — .. .
rl:^z
t4—
11 > •-
±9+
rrr:
±±±t
~T~-
_^ __ I
._1."^"_
r|±:
fi^b-Jtfcti
11
-i ---
-4—
ffi
—I—
£
Tp:
-i-fl
4fri-
__J_L_ , ~'/~T;"T~ T~
I
.Hffl
JSfc
tt±t
IS £3
Sffi
ffiffl
!i i- '
—,—
-------
APPENDIX 5.5 Test Fleet Identification
Project #2807
Fuel Number One (1), Code RED
Car
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
Make
Chev.
Chev.
Chev.
Chev.
Chev.
Chev.
Ford
Ford
Ford
Ford
Ford
Ford
Plym
Plym
Plym
VW
Model
Biscayne
Biscayne
Bis cayne
Chevelle
Chevelle
Chevelle
Galaxie 500
Galaxie 500
Galaxie 500
Custom
Custom
Custom
Fury I
Fury I
Fury I
1131 Sedan
Engine
CID
327
327
327
250
250
250
390
390
390
302
302
302
318
318
318
78
Air
Cond.
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Vehicle
Source
SB Co.
SB Co.
SB Co.
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
SB Co.
SB Co.
SB Co.
SB Co.
SB Co.
SB Co.
Scott
SB County ID
or Lie. No.
1008
1389
1419
13537 9Z333387
XBB-276
13537 9Z333452
XBB-777
13537 9Z333413
XBB-778
9J55Y158079
XBB-924
9J55Y158078
XBB-925
9J55Y156223
XBB-926
1058
1059
1375
1299
1046
1062
119337178
XBB-297
SB County
Dept.
Co . Counsel
Welfare
Probation
Bldg. & Safety
Bldg. & Safety
Bldg. & Safety
Admin. Office
Marshall
Marshall
Planning
Planning
Welfare
Agriculture
Economic Dev.
Planning
Admin. Office
Carburetor
Make & Number
7029, 104
7029, 102
7029, 102
7029, 014
7029, 014
7029, 014
C9AF,9510C
C9AF,9510C
C9AF,9510C
C9AF.9510A
C9AF.9510A
C9AF.9510A
4608 S
4608 S
4608 S
VW 126-2
PCV
Valve
736
736
736
723
723
723
EV-8
EV-8
EV-8
EV-8
EV-8
EV-8
L 351
L 351
L 351
-------
APPENDIX 5.5 Test Fleet Identification
Project #2807
Fuel Number Two (2), Code WHITE
Car
No.
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
Make
Chev.
Chev.
Chev.
Chev.
Chev.
Chev.
Ford
Ford
Ford
Ford
Ford
Ford
Plym
Plym
Plym
VW
Model
Biscayne
Biscayne
Biscayne
Chevelle
Chevelle
Chevelle
Galaxie 500
Galaxie 500
Galaxie 500
Custom
Custom
Cus torn
Fury I
Fury I
Fury I
1131 Sedan
Engine
CID
327
327
327
250
250
250
390
390
390
302
302
302
318
318
318
78
Air
Cond.
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Vehicle
Source
SB Co.
SB Co.
SB Co.
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
SB Co.
SB Co.
SB Co.
SB Co.
SB Co.
SB Co.
Scott
SB County ID
or Lie. No.
1009
4494
1010
13537 9Z333393
XBB-779
13537 9Z333409
XBB-780
13537 9Z333399
XBB-781
9J55Y 157329
XBB-927
9J55Y156221
XBB-928
9J55Y157330
XBB-929
1376
1378
1379
1049
1005
1007
119369646
XBB-299
SB County
Dept.
Admin. Office
Marshall
Admin. Office
Bldg. & Safety
Bldg. & Safety
Bldg. & Safety
Marshall
Admin. Office
Marshall
Welfare
Welfare
Welfare
Economic Dev.
Admin. Office
Admin. Office
Communications
Carburetor
Make & Number
7029, 104
7029, 102
7029, 102
7029, 014
^7029, 014
7029, 014
C9AF,9510C
C9AF,9510C
C9AF,9510C
C9AF.9510A
C9AF,9510A
C9AF,9510A
4608 S
4608 S
4608 S
VW 126-2
PCV
Valve
736
736
736
723
723
723
EV-8
EV-8
EV-8
EV-8
EV-8
EV-8
L 351
L 351
L 351
-------
APPENDIX 5.5 Test Fleet Identification
Project #2807
Fuel Number Three (3), Code BLUE
Car
No.
33
34
35 .
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
Make
Chev.
Chev.
Chev.
Chev.
Chev.
Chev.
Ford
Ford
Ford
Ford
Ford
Ford
Plym
Plym
Plym
VW
Model
Biscayne
Biscayne
Bis cayne
Chevelle
Chevelle
Chevelle
Custom
Custom
Custom
Custom
Custom
Custom
Fury I
Fury I
Fury I
1131 Sedan
Engine
CID
327
327
327
250
250
250
390
390
390
302
302
302
318
318
318
78
Air
Cond.
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
\
Vehicle
Source
SB Co.
SB Co.
SB Co.
Scott
Scott
Scott
SB Co.
SB Co.
SB Co.
SB Co.
SB Co.
SB Co.
SB Co.
SB Co.
SB Co.
Scott
SB County ID
or Lie. No.
1031
1421
1423
13537 9Z333434
XBB-782
13537 9Z333446
XBB-783
13537 9Z333406
XBB-310
1274
1461
1289
1380
1387
1388
1348
1349
1363
119338135
XBB-298
SB County
Dept.
D.A. Domestic
Relations
Probation
Probation
Bldg. & Safety
Admin. Office
Temporary
Admin. Office
Gen. Hospital
APCD Air
Pollution
APCD Mr
Pollution
Agriculture
Welfare
Welfare
Welfare
Health
Health
Health
Admin. Office
Temporary
Carburetor
Make & Number
7029, 104
7029, 102
7029, 102
7029, 014
7029, 014
7029, 014
C9AF,9510C
C9AF,9510C
C9AF,9510C
C9AF,9510A
C9AF.9510A
C9AF.9510A
4608 S
4608 S
4608 S
VW 126-2
PCV
Valve
736
736
736
723
723
723
EV-8
EV-8
EV-8
EV-8
EV-8
EV-8
L 351
L 351
L 351
-------
APPENDIX 5.6 TEST FUEL ANALYSES
MS 08
Spec
Gravity, °API
Lead Content , g/gal .
Sulfur, % by wt. 0.075-0.10
Reid Vapor Press, psi 9.5 max
Distillation
Initial Boil Pt , °F
10% Evap., °F 110-135
50% Evap., °F 200-235
90% Evap., °F 330-365
Final Boil Pt, °F 415 max
Recovery , %
Loss , %
Am.
Oil
58.1
-
0.11
8.5
-
119
223
345
396
98.0
—
Red
57.7
3.16
0.132
-
98
127
229
355
414
98.0
1.0
Batch 1
White
57.2
3.16
0.128
-
100
127
229
356
412
98.0
0.9
Blue
57.7
3.19
0.131
-
96
123
225
354
400
98.0
0.8
Red
57.3
3.15
0.128
8.4
94
123
224
348
408
98.0
1.1
Batch 2
White
57.2
3.17
0.118
8.4
95
124
224
354
410
98.0
0.9
Blue
57.1
3.17
0.131
8.3
96
126
228
352
407
98.0
0.9
Red
59.2
3.21
-
9.5
90
122
206
341
418
97.5
1.6
Batch 3
White
58.8
3.17
-
9.4
91
122
210
346
421
97.5
1.5
Blue
58.6
3.16
-
9.2
92
123
212
347
416
97.5
1.5
Scott Research
Project #2807
r1
01
-
M
O
Cn
£
NOTE: 1. Red, White, and Blue fuel test results from Ethyl Corporation.
2. Blank spaces indicate that data were not reported.
u>
o
vo
o
-------
Scott Research Labs., Inc.
Project #2807
5-14
April 30, 1970
APPENDIX 5.7 FUEL AND MILEAGE RECORD
Colors Fuel # Car Nos.
Red
White
Blue
1
2
3
Car
Fuel
1-16
17-32
33-48
Color Code
Odometer, Miles
Fuel Quantity, Gal.
Fuel Consumption, mpg
Date
Actual
Net/
Tank
Cumulative
to Date
Per
Tank
Total
To Date
Per
Tank
Avg. to
Date
.
* 7
'//J
/a
V. 7
MX
"7/.1
o
;/•&
SRS-152
-------
Scott Research Labs., Inc.
Project #2807
April 30, 1970
APPENDIX 5.8 IGNITION KNOCK SURVEY RESULTS
Ignition Timing, Degrees
20-60 MPH Accel. 40 MPH Cruise
Car
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Make/CID None
Chev.
Chev.
Chev .
Chev.
Chev.
Chev.
Ford
Ford
Ford
Ford
Ford
Ford
Plym.
Plym.
Plym.
VW
Chev.
Chev.
Chev.
Chev.
327
327
327 x
250 x
250 x
250 x
390
390
390
302 x
302
302
318 x
318
318 x
78 x
327
327
327
250 x
Above
BL* BL None
x x
X X
X
X
X
X
X X
X X
X X
X
X X
X X
X
X X
X
X
X X
X X
X X
X
Above As
BL* BL Me as
+4
+2
+2
+3
+4
+4
+6
+6
+2
0
0
+4
0
+2
0
-1
+2
+2
+3
+5
Received
Spec.
+2
+2
+2
+4
+4
+4
+6
+4
+6
+6
+6
+6
0
0
0
0
+2
+2
+2
+4
Variation
From
Spec.
+2
0
0
-1
0
0
0
+2
-4
-6
-6
-2
0
+2
0
-1
0
0
+1
+1
Point Dwell, Degrees**
Spec.
Range
28-32
28-32
28-32
31-34
31-34
31-34
26-31
26-31
26-31
-
26-31
26-31
30-35
30-35
-
_
28-32
28-32
—
31-34
0
Test
Miles
28
28
29
33
31
32.5
26
29
27
-
28
27
30.5
30
—
_
28
31
-
34
4,000
Mile
Test
26
30
29
34
31
32
31
31.5
31
-
32
28.5
27
25
-
28
30
-
35
Variation
From Spec
4,000 mi.
-2.0
0
0
0
0
0
0
+0.5
0
-
+1.0
0
-3.0
-5.0
—
_
0
0
-
+ 1.0
Ui
I*
* Borderline
** Blank spaces indicate that the 4,000 mile test had not been conducted as of October 2, 1969.
-------
Scott Research Labs., Inc.
Project #2807
April 30, 1970
APPENDIX 5.8 IGNITION KNOCK SURVEY RESULTS - continued
20-60 MPH Accel.
Car
No.
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30,
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
Make/CID
Chev.
Chev.
Ford
Ford
Ford
Ford
Ford
Ford
Plym.
Plym.
Plym.
VW
Chev.
Chev.
Chev.
Chev.
Chev.
Chev.
Ford
Ford
250
250
390
390
390
302
302
302
318
318
318
78
327
327
327
250
250
250
390
390
None
x
x
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Above
BL* BL
x
X
X
X
X
X
X
40 MPH Cruise
Above
None BL* BL
x
x
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Ignition Timing
As
Me as
+2
+4
+2
0
0
+3
+2
+2
+4
+1
0
-1
+2
+2
+2
+2
+4
+5
+2
+9
Received
* Spec .
+4
+4
+6
+6
+6
+6
+6
+6
0
0
0
0
+2
+2
+2
+4
+4
+4
+6
+6
, Degrees
Variation
From
Spec.
-2
0
-4
-6
-6
-3
-4
-4
+4
+1
0
-1
0
0
0
-2
0
+1
-4
+3
Point Dwell, Degrees**
Spec.
Range
31-34
31-34
26-31
26-31
26-31
26-31
26-31
26-31
30-35
30-35
30-35
-
—
-
28-32
_
31-34
31-34
26-31
26-31
0
Test
Miles
31
33.5
26
28
30
29
29
28
33
30
29.5
—
—
-
30
_
31
33.5
28.5
30
4,000
Mile
Test
32
34
28
34
41
34
29
30
34.5
28
31
-
—
-
31
.
34
33
31
26
Variation
From Spec.
4,000 mi.
0
0
0
+3.0
+10.0
+3.0
0
0
0
-2
0
—
—
—
0
_
0
0
0
0
**
Borderline
Blank spaces indicate that the 4,000 mile test had not been conducted as of October 2, 1969.
-------
Scott Research Labs., Inc.
Project #2807
April 30, 1970
APPENDIX 5.8 IGNITION KNOCK SURVEY RESULTS - continued
Ignition Timing
20-60 MPH Accel. 40 MPH Cruise
Car
No.
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
Make/CID None
Ford
Ford
Ford
Ford
Plym.
Plym,
Plym.
VW
390 x
302
302
302 x
318
318
318 x
78 x
Above
BL* BL None
x
x x
x x
x
x
x
x
x
Above As
BL* BL Me as
+2
+2
+4
+2
x +2
x +3
0
-1
Received
Spec.
+6
+6
+6
+6
0
0
0
0
, Degrees
Variation
From
Spec.
-4
. -4
-2
-4
+2
+3
0
-1
Point Dwell, Degrees**
Spec.
Range
26-31
26-31
26-31
-
30-35
—
—
0
Test
Miles
30
28
27.5
-
31
-
-
4,000
Mile
Test
29
29
32
-
31
-
-
Variation
From Spec
4,000 mi.
0
0
+1.0
-
0
-
-
.
1 n
JL
^J
* Borderline
** Blank spaces indicate that the 4,000 mile test had not been conducted as of October 2, 1969
Ignition Knock Distribution (20-60 MPH Accel.)
Fleet Summary Summary by Make
None 54%
BL 31%
Above BL 15%
100%
8 Chev.
10 Ford
4 Plym.
36%
45%
19%
100%
-------
Scott Research Labs., Inc.
Project #2807
April 30, 1970
APPENDIX 6.1 TEST DATA AT 0 TEST MILE
All Data are average of test Numbers
1, 2, and 3
Car
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
Start
Miles
5,869
3,146
9,812
4,163
3,948
3,730
3,188
4,530
5,252
4,869
7,907
4,623
4,057
2,962
3,500
3,548
Idle
RPM
600
600
600
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
650
850
PCV
Flow
CFM
1.70
1.61
1.75
1.30
1.21
1.27
1.80
1.81
1.90
1.97
1.86
1.82
1.70
1.80
1.67
2.65*
7 -Mode
Wtd Ems
CO,
0.75
0.45
0.56
0.80
0.52
0.39
0.44
0.47
0.63
0.53
0.49
0.90
0.65
0.65
0.60
1.37
HC
PPm
211
233
241
293
187
221
221
204
227
268
245
328
244
188
247
407
HC, ppm (FID)
Idle
439
428
406
488
461
464
452
412
497
562
478
534
396
387
389
409
20
474
361
430
436
370
355
450
366
514
339
393
514
472
477
454
340
40
476
411
374
387
400
358
507
455
547
520
552
664
426
384
479
301
Corrected
HC, ppm (NDIR)
Idle
184
192
161
231
170
182
201
180
204
308
206
301
189
130
182
177
20
213
157
178
253
146
160
219
164
229
181
163
243
250
216
199
222
40
182
168
139
144
118
139
210
169
218
242
307
276
166
95
177
184
Idle
13.9
14.1
14.0
13.5
13.9
14.4
14.2
14.3
13.8
13.6
14.0
13.7
13.8
13.4
13.6
12.4
Steady
CO?, %
20
14.5
14.2
14.0
14.8
14.8
14.4
14.6
14.8
14.5
14.7
14.8
14.4
14.5
14.0
13.8
14.4
State
40
14.3
14.8
14.8
14.8
14.8
14.8
14.8
14.8
14.1
14.8
14.8
14.8
14.8
14.8
14.4
14.1
Emissions
Idle
1.11
1.29
0.98
1.46
1.12
0.58
0.82
0.71
1.16
1.41
1.04
1.29
1.16
1.59
1.39
2.62
CO, %
20
0.47
0.77
0.98
0.22
0.22
0.64
0.38
0.22
0.47
0.30
0.21
0.62
0.51
0.99
1.16
0.65
Oxygen
40
0.67
0.19
0.23
0.22
0.22
0.22
0.22
0.23
0.86
0.23
0.23
0.23
0.23
0,23
0.65
0.88
Idle
1.28
2.16
1.01
0.86
0.95
1.14
1.06
0.89
0.82
2.77
0.97
1.73
1.41
2.06
1.19
0.69
20
1.93
2.55
0.95
2.18
2.39
2.16
1.28
1.65
1.32
2.43
2.15
1.28
1.58
1.42
1.47
1.84
40
1.45
3.00
3.32
2.25
1.75
2.58 °
t—
2.16
1.90
0.80
3.02
2.86
2.19
1.88
2.26
1.19
0.84
VW's flow,.measured at 1 inch H20 A P. All others measured at 18" Hg.
-------
Scott Research Labs., Inc.
Project #2807
April 30, 1970
APPENDIX 6.1 TEST DATA AT 0 TEST MILE
All Data are average of test Numbers
1, 2, and 3
Car
No.
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
Start
Miles
4,118
3,843
3,892
4,402
3,690
3,783
4,283
4,422
5,300
5,846
4,870
4,734
3,538
3,817
2,892
4,696
Idle
RPM
600
600
600
550
550
550
550
550
560
533
533
550
557
650
650
850
PCV
Flow
CFM
1.70
1.67
r.76
1.22
1.20
1.31
1.89
1.80
1.80
1.89
1.90
1.92
1.80
1.81
1.73
2.98*
7-Mode
Wtd Ems
CO,
%
0.50
0.48
0.78
0.62
0.61
0.87
0.58
0.95
0.67
0.63
0.43
0.51
0.75
.0.67
0.76
1.14
HC
ppm
260
233
288
257
228
256
237
251
272
337
323
326
288
243
290
476
HC, ppm (FID)
Idle
383
478
519
481
454
572
523
438
471
562
494
514
472
461
427
523
20
336
368
481
452
421
545
470
487
447
425
379
577
458
487
520
456
40
413
370
505
357
298
401
670
527
550
620
588
591
510
482
461
378
Corrected
HC, ppm (NDIR)
Idle
176
215
242
229
195
241
232
193
194
280
262
247
225
153
185
251
20
178
178
231
272
222
244
165
225
198
211
199
367
249
211
317
274
40
175
158
221
121
103
102
188
212
204
271
259
251
224
170
198
177
Steady
State
Emissions
C02, %
Idle
14.4
14.1
13.8
13.6
14.1
13.6
13.2
14.0
13.9
13.9
14.1
13.9
13.3
13.6
13.7
13.7
20
14.5
14.3
14.1
14.0
14.8
14.5
14.8
14.6
14.1
14.6
14.8
14.8
13.9
13.4
14.1
13.8
40
14.8
14.8
14.4
14.8
14.8
14.8
14.8
14.0
14.4
14.8
14.8
14.8
14.2
14.8
14.7
14.4
Idle
0.59
0.93
1.23
1.44
0.87
1.37
1.81
1.04
1.13
1.09
0.93
1.14
1.67
1.45
1.28
1.32
CO, %
20
0.50
0.69
0.89
0.96
0.23
0.48
0.23
0.39
0.86
0.45
0.24
0.23
1.12
1.64
0.90
1.17
Oxygen
40
0.25
0.25
0.61
0.23
0.23
0.23
0.23
1.01
0.59
0.24
0.24
0.23
0.76
0.25
0.33
0.64
Idle
2.17
0.82
0.76
0.82
1.22
0.98
1.11
0.91
0.96
0.67
0.75
0.76
2.78
1.11
1.06
1.36
20
1.93
1.53
1.15
1.25
1.92
1.51
2.84
1.59
1.07
1.90
2.99
2.80
1.65
2.19
1.40
2.16
40
3.51
3.42
2.84
2.58
2.53
2.74 T
to
2.61
1.67
1.26
2.93
2.87
2.91
1.63
1.74
1.22
1.21
VW's flow measured at 1 inch H_0 A P. All others measured at 18" Hg.
-------
Scott Research Labs., Inc.
Project #2807 April 30, 1970
APPENDIX 6.1 TEST DATA AT 0 TEST MILE
All Data are average of test Numbers 1, 2, and 3
Car
No.
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
Start
Miles
3,365
2,640
8,602
4,650
3,272
5,085
4,197
4,978
4,197
4,868
4,835
4,949
3,357
5,753
4,423
3,500
Idle
RPM
580
607
600
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
650
650
650
850
PCV
Flow
CFM
1.56
1.61
1.52
1.30
1.32
1.24
1.90
2.00
1.80
1.83
1.81
1.86
1.72
1.98
1.80
3.00*
7 -Mode
Wtd Ems
CO,
1.45
0.61
0.59
0.67
0.86
0.57
0.65
0.70
0.46
0.67
0.52
0.60
0.49
0.64
0.81
1.82
HC
PPm
191
245
209
244
227
189
248
278
263
374
350
336
341
261
306
355
HC, ppm (FID)
Idle
530
511
408
481
417
449
436
510
398
557
560
537
560
368
367
406
20
449
389
414
528
311
378
447
466
412
595
583
641
620
553
567
332
40
464
414
406
340
287
292
493
479
456
608
613
626
577
511
538
338
Corrected
HC, ppm (NDIR)
Idle
172
225
146
191
192
197
219
254
191
280
292
296
263
149
161
143
20
172
159
141
217
199
162
244
232
197
328
331
358
298
250
302
184
40
154
153
129
86
89
75
206
209
181
272
267
282
217
202
209
146
Idle
13.5
13.9
13.9
14.4
14.0
14.1
13.7
13.7
14.2
13.6
14.0
13.7
13.9
13.4
13.6
12.3
Steady
C02, %
20
13.4
14.2
14.3
14.6
14.8
14.8
14.8
14.8
14.8
14.7
14.7
14.8
14.1
13.9
12.9
14.8
State
40
14.3
14.0
14.8
14.8
14.7
14.8
14.5
14.8
14.5
14.8
14.8
14.8
14.8
14.6
14.2
13.6
Emissions
Idle
1.48
1.14
1.11
0.65
0.96
0.87
1.28
1.29
0.85
1.43
1.01
1.31
1.13
1.63
1.36
2.68
CO, %
20
1.58
0.82
0.72
0.43
0.22
0.23
0.22
0.22
0.18
0.26
0.27
0.23
0.89
1.14
2.13
0.25
Oxygen
40
0.73
1.04
0.24
0.23
0.29
0.24
0.51
0.22
0.46
0.23
0.24
0.23
0.22
0.39
0.81
1.38
Idle
0.94
0.81
1.05
1.18
1.10
1.01
0.73
0.65
0.64
0.82
0.83
1.00
1.87
2.05
1.52
3.72
20
0.91
1.02
1.38
1.58
2.91
2.53
1.59
1.75
2.01
2.15
2.25
2.79
1.75
2.25
1.10
1.95
40
1.40
2.56
3.98
2.71
1.85
3.20 'T
Co
1.24
1.50
1.31
2.27
2.53
2.55
1.75
1.60
1.07
0.69
VW's flow measured at 1 inch H20 A P. All others measured at 18" Hg.
-------
Scott Research Labs., Inc.
Project #2807
April 30, 1970
APPENDIX 6.2 TEST DATA AT 4,000 TEST MILE
Car
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
Avg.
Actual
Test
Miles
5,024
4,393
4,386
4,032
3,931
4,038
3,998
4,950
4,130
4,784
4,077
4,086
4,120
4,361
4,408
M6Q
4,305
Idle
RPM
620D
580D
620D
475D
550D
600D
620D
580D
540D
560D
575D
550D
560D
600D
525D
750N
PCV
Flow
CFM
1.82
1.85
1.80
1.76
1.75
1.85
1.83
1.70
1.76
1.61
1.82
1.85
1.71
1.86
1.86
2.67*
7 -Mode
Wtd Ems
CO,
1.57
1.90
0.90
0.68
1.25
0.62
0.34
1.19
0.76
0.40
0.57
1.21
0.58
0.47
0.32
1.56
HC
ppm
245
276
190
272
445
199
221
205
223
272
293
382
251
191
377
575
HC, ppm (FID)
Idle
534
729
412
-
-
416
360
410
458
320
442
490
461
302
391
411
20
438
541
253
-
-
355
383
344
520
285
338
431
459
220
589
189
40
375
447
117
-
-
344
401
500
397
302
488
574
416
243
397
167
Corrected
HC, ppm (NDIR)
Idle
262
297
216
223
-
218
195
180
220
237
260
306
201
117
196
292
20
205
253
146
193
-
188
221
151
224
197
206
265
260
180
246
165
40
188
218
96
142
-
161
211
182
204
273
256
303
192
117
171
139
Steady
State
C02, %
Idle
10.8
8.9
11.5
12.7
-
13.2
14.2
13.6
11.9
13.7
13.3
12.6
12.9
14.3
14.4
13.7
20
12.1
11.2
13.5
14.8
-
14.7
14.6
14.2
14.8
14.3
14.6
13.5
14.1
14.3
13.6
14.4
40
14.6
14.8
14.8
14.8
-
14.8
14.6
14.4
14.7
14.9
14.8
14.4
14.8
14.8
14.8
14.6
Emissions
CO, %
Idle
4.23
6.10
3.47
2.32
-
1.84
0.80
1.40
3.14
1.32
1.73
2.35
2.06
0.68
0.65
1.26
20
2.89
3.82
1.46
0.22
-
0.30
0.40
0.83
0.20
0.66
0.42
1.47
0.92
0.70
1.39
0.59
40
0.42
0.21
0.21
0.22
-
0.21
0.42
0.62
0.30
0.12
0.23
0.64
0.22
0.20
0.22
0.44
Oxygen
Idle
0.55
0.59
2.06
-
-
1.16
0.90
0.60
0.45
5.07
0.77
1.73
0.39
0.97
1.74
15.00
20
0.56
0.53
2.24
-
-
1.62
1.11
1.04
0.92
4.82
1.90
0.88
1.02
1.50
1.82
6.85
40
1.46
2.23
3.62
-
-
2.60
ON
1.58 JL
1.04
1.39
5.93
3.26
1.49
1.42
2.03
1.65
5.33
* VW's flow measured at 1 inch H_0 A P. All others measured at 18" Hg.
NOTE: Dash marks indicate that data were inadvertently not measured.
-------
Scott Research Labs., Inc.
Project #2807
April 30, 1970
APPENDIX 6.2 TEST DATA AT 4,000 TEST MILE
Car
No.
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
Avg.
Actual
Test
Miles
4,492
3,936
4,982
3,847
4,113
4,260
4,204
4,263
4,173
4,022
4,141
3,864
5,066
4,502
4,285
4,113
4,266
Idle
RPM
630D
600D
600D
550D
520D
530D
550D
55 OD
600D
550D
580D
575D
550D
520D
600D
880N
PCV
Flow
CFM
1.85
1.81
1.76
1.86
1.80
1.81
1.75
1.81
1.76
1.80
1.80
1.81
1.82
1.85
1.83
2.30*
7 -Mode
Wtd Ems
CO,
0.94
2.78
1.29
0.74
0.50
0.48
0.64
0.61
0.44
0.53
0.48
0.46
0.50
0.47
0.64
1.06
HC
PPm
219
496
252
320
249
326
189
196
222
296
331
310
231
260
246
171
HC, ppm (FID)
Idle
362
1740
600
418
•• -
254
401
423
385
520
510
494
320
300
407
486
20
321
1134
551
429
-
224
262
465
296
362
398
398
473
221
448
291
40
383
592
536
395
-
246
351
518
449
589
578
578
473
352
353
261
Corrected
HC, ppm (NDIR)
Idle
202
501
217
224
-
211
172
156
193
240
306
252
105
171
182
222
20
193
432
204
259
-
224
157
185
153
197
287
196
226
149
240
157
40
207
321
214
197
-
185
160
185
214
278
300
263
170
186
188
119
Idle
13.2
7.0
12.1
13.4
-
14.7
12.5
14.0
14.2
14.2
14.1
13.4
14.4
14.1
14.1
13.9
Steady
C09, %
20
14.4
9.2
13.3
14.8
-
14.1
14.8
14.6
14.6
14.6
14.8
14.8
14.3
14.9
13.8
14.8
State
40
14.2
14.1
14.3
14.8
-
14.8
14.8
14.3
14.7
14.7
14.6
14.8
14.6
14.3
14.6
14.9
Emissions
Idle
1.76
7.96
2.90
1.63
-
0.32
2.48
1.01
0.83
0.82
0.92
1.55
0.60
0.93
0.86
1.11
CO, %
20
0.64
5.76
1.73
0.23
-
0.92
0.21
0.42
0.42
0.43
0.23
0.22
0.72
0.11
1.25
0.23
Oxygen
40
0.85
0.92
0.71
0.23
-
0.22
0.21
0.74
0.33
0.33
0.44
0.22
0.41
0.72
0.44
0.11
Idle
1.14
0.41
0.83
0.51
-
1.37
0.29
2.01
1.04
0.61
0.82
0.29
1.00
1.66
1.61
8.75
20
1.50
0.52
0.82
1.13
-
1.02
0.73
2.64
1.27
1.49
3.52
2.01
1.54
2.65
1.56
3.72
40
1.06
1.22
2.62
1.58
-
2.57
1.28'vl,
2.64
1.64
2.33
2.22
2.08
1.34
1.86
1.21
2.27
* VW's flow measured at 1 inch H~0 A P. All others measured at 18" Hg.
NOTE: Dash marks indicate that data were inadvertently not measured.
-------
Scott Research Labs., Inc.
Project #2807
April 30, 1970
APPENDIX 6.2 TEST DATA AT 4,000 TEST MILE
Car
No.
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
Avg.
Actual
Test Idle
Miles RPM
4,257
5,360
3,813
4,293
4,240
4,185
4,155
3,973
4,096
4,065
4,712
4,707
3,593
4,271
4,792
3,893
4,275
580D
600D
600D
525D
550D
600D
580D
500D
590D
550D
540D
550D
540D
560D
525D
1050N
PCV
Flow
CFM
1.80
1.75
1.79
1.76
1.76
1.85
1.84
1.88
1.78
1.75
1.80
1.86
1.78
1.82
1.80
2.61*
7-Mode
Wtd Ems
CO,
1.38
1.07
0.95
0.55
0.77
0.52
0.71
1.04
0.49
0.92
0.76
0.75
0.58
0.59
0.54
1.73
HC
PPm
216
245
264
282
222
232
229
236
228
333
305
306
318
272
745
452
HC, ppm (FID)
Idle
572
571
483
470
356
387
409
-
427
-
465
568
324
360
493
154
20
442
393
383
361
276
362
429
-
404
-
323
416
430
378
770
124
40
434
432
364
263
213
318
452
-
469
-
565
580
339
346
496
216
Corrected
Steady
State
HC, ppm (NDIR) CO?, %
Idle
222
230
211
255
188
189
189
-
179
293
271
239
243
185
257
154
20
168
156
206
175
153
176
198
-
197
257
193
159
325
248
370
211
40
182
176
199
126
112
148
188
-
172
303
261
227
241
184
217
186
Idle
12.1
11.6
13.2
13.0
13.5
13.1
14.2
-
14.3
11.7
13.9
12.1
13.4
13.2
13.5
13.8
20
13.1
14.0
13.9
14.8
14.9
14.7
14.5
-
14.9
14.3
14.8
14.8
14.2
14.6
13.0
13.8
40
14.5
14.4
14.8
14.9
14.8
14.8
14.6
-
14.6
14.5
14.8
14.8
14.8
14.8
14.6
14.2
Emissions
CO, %
Idle
2.86
3.40
1.81
2.00
1.50
1.94
0.84
-
0.70
3.26
1.14
2.87
1.62
1.85
1.51
1.15
20
1,92
1.01
1.11
0.22
0.10
0.32
0.54
-
0.11
0.73
0.21
0.22
0.84
0.43
2.00
1.24
40
0.47
0.57
0.23
0.11
0.21
0.22
0.44
-
0.42
0.53
0.22
0.23
0.22
0.21
0.42
0.84
Oxygen
Idle
1.28
0.92
1.01
1.20
0.75
0.48
0.84
-
1.89
0.47
0.85
0.76
3.55
1.75
1.51
10.90
20
1.25
1.31
1.01
2.63
1.63
1.49
1.07
-
3.40
1.15
2.50
2.19
4.09
2.48
1.30
8.80
40
3.28
3.64
4.32
2.98
2.55
2.08
1.21
-
2.40
1.49
3.04
3.07
4.38
1.57
1.27
7.80
ON
* VW's flow measured at 1 inch H-O A P. All others measured at 18" Hg.
NOTE: Dash marks indicate that data were inadvertently not measured.
-------
Scott Research Labs., Inc.
Project #2807 6-7 April 30, 1970
APPENDIX 6.3 NEW MULTIPLE RANGE TEST
The initial test that is conducted during the course of per-
forming an analysis of variance is the F test of a given main or inter-
action effect. The F test alone, however, indicates only the rejection
of the homogeneity hypothesis and does not indicate the homogeneous subsets
that exist within the data set. A test that is commonly used to partition
the data into subsets is one which is called the new multiple range test.
The test requires: (1) the estimates of the means for each set; (2) the
estimate of the standard error of the mean (S ); and (3) the tabular value
m
(R Q_) of the significant studentized range corresponding to the degrees
. y j
of freedom (Y) and sample size (P).
The data developed in the analysis of variance of the 7-mode
average hydrocarbon concentration is given as an example.
Varieties: M., M- M_ M,. M,
Estimate of Means: 230.85 250.69 257.64 294.47 317.68
w 4591.09 ,,. „
S =V TQ = 15.97
m f 18
Y = 60
P
2
3
4
5
^95
2.83
2.98
3.08
3.14
RS
m
45.20
47.59
49.19
50.15
Results:
-------
Scott Research Labs., Inc.
Project #2807 6-8 April 30, 1970
APPENDIX 6.3 NEW MULTIPLE RANGE TEST - continued
As an initial step, the estimates of means are arranged in ascending order.
The estimate of the standard error of the mean is computed from the given
value of the mean square of the replicates (4591.09) and the sample size (18)
associated with the estimate of the mean. Using the degrees of freedom of
the mean square of the replicates and the sample sizes (P = 2, 3, 4, 5) of
the interest, the table of significant studentized ranges for the 95 percent
confidence level is entered and the tabular values (R Q1-) are obtained. The
. so
product of the estimate of standard error of the mean and the R Q- give the
. yj
shortest significant range.
The differences are developed in the following brder; the largest
minus the smallest (M.-JL), the largest minus the second smallest (M.-Mj),
etc., up to the largest minus the second largest (M.-M-); then the second
largest minus the smallest (M--M.) , the second largest minus the second
smallest (M -M..) , etc., up to the second largest minus the third largest
(M_-M2) and so on until the second smallest minus the smallest is taken
With one exception, the estimates of means are different if the
difference is greater than the shortest significant range. The exception
exists if two means are a part of a subset.
The details of the computational test procedure are as follows:
1. M4-M3 = 86.83 :>50.15; thus M^-i^ is significant.
2. M^-Mj = 66.99 >49.19; thus M^-Mj is significant.
3. M4-M2 = 60.04 »47.59; thus \-VL2 is significant.
-------
Scott Research Labs., Inc.
Project #2807 6-9 April 30, 1970
APPENDIX 6.3 NEW MULTIPLE RANGE TEST - continued
4. M4~M5 = 23.21 <45.20; thus M.-M is not significant.
5. M5~M3 = 63.62 >49.19; thus M -M is significant.
6. M5-M1 = 43.78 <47.59; thus JL-Mj is not significant,
and hence M.-M, is also not significant.
7. M -M = 26.79 <47.59; thus M -M are not significant
^ J £.3
and M?-M and M..-M are not significant.
Therefore, although M , MI , and M2 is different from set M- and M, , M and
M_, and M? and M,. cannot be considered different.
-------
Scott Research Labs., Inc.
Project #2807
6-10
April 30, 1970
APPENDIX 6.4 ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE - 7-Mode CO
Source of Variation
Make
Fuel
Interval
Make x Fuel
Make x Interval
Fuel x Interval
Make x Fuel x Interval
Degrees
of
Freedom
4
2
1
8
4
2
8
Sums of
Squares
2.54342
.00580
.52136
.22870
2.05086
.12951
.78466
Mean Squares
.63585
.00290
.52136
.02859
.51271
.06475
.09808
F
Ratio
7.79
0.04
6.39
0.35
6.28
0.79
1.20
-------
Scott Research Labs., Inc.
Project #2807
6-11
April 30, 1970
APPENDIX 6.4 ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE - 7-Mode HC
Source of Variation
Make
Fuel
Interval
Make x Fuel
Make x Interval
Fuel x Interval
Make x Fuel x Interval
Degrees
of
Freedom
4
2
1
8
4
2
8
Sums of
Squares
88757.61293
13553.61647
9208.39255
71363.16119
23776.30430
3313.98683
28337.76885
Mean Squares
22189.40323
6776.80823
9208.39255
8920.39515
5944.07608
1656.99341
3542.22111
F
Ratio
4.83
1.48
2.01
1.94
1.29
0.36
0.77
-------
Scott Research Labs., Inc.
Project #2807
6-12
April 30, 1970
APPENDIX 6.4 ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE - Idle RPM
Source of Variation
Make
Fuel
Interval
Make x Fuel
Make x Interval
Fuel x Interval
Make x Fuel x Interval
Degrees
of
Freedom
4
2
1
8
4
2
8
Sums of
Squares
38196.09630
19.07148
1137.77778
3128.11001
19543.98519
2101.34482
5386.74778
Mean Squares
9549.02407
9.53574
1137.77778
391.01375
4885.99630
1050.67241
673.34347
F
Ratio
13.12
0.01
1.56
0.54
6.71
1.44
0.92
-------
Scott Research Labs., Inc.
Project #2807
6-13
April 30, 1970
APPENDIX 6.4 ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE - PCV Flow (cu. ft./min.)
Source of Variation
Make
Fuel
Interval
Make x Fuel
Make x Interval
Fuel x Interval
Make x Fuel x Interval
Degrees
of
Freedom
4
2
1
8
4
2
8
Sums of
Squares
1.11386
.00451
.29469
.05535
1.15972
.00020
.03443
Mean Squares
.27846
.00225
.29469
.00692
.28993
.00010
.00430
F
Ratio
76.29
0.62
80.74
1.90
79.43
0.03
1.18
-------
Scott Research Labs., Inc.
Project #2807
6-14
April 30, 1970
APPENDIX 6.4 ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE - Steady State HC (FID), 20 MPH
Source of Variation
Make
Fuel
Interval
Make x Fuel
Make x Interval
Fuel x Interval
Make x Fuel x Interval
Degrees
of
Freedom
4
2
1
8
4
2
8
Sums of
Squares
96906.90552
26447.39174
60611.41511
121576.76851
116974.00394
8958.63134
121390.16658
Mean Squares
24226.72638
13223.69587
60611.41511
15197.09606
29243.50099
4479.31567
15173.77082
F
Ratio
1.83
1.00
4.59
1.15
2.21
0.34
1.15
-------
Scott Research Labs., Inc.
Project #2807
6-15
April 30, 1970
APPENDIX 6.4 ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE - Steady State HC (FID), 40 MPH
Source of Variation
Make
Fuel
Interval
Make x Fuel
Make x Interval
Fuel x Interval
Make x Fuel x Interval
Degrees
of
Freedom
4
2
1
8
4
2
8
Sums of
Squares
553915.86661
33415.38585
80430.40489
62832.19725
21302.19013
6696.08549
43349.52595
Mean Squares
138478.96665
16707.69292
80430.40489
7854.02466
5325.54753
3348.04274
5418.69074
F
Ratio
30.96
3.74
17.98
1.76
1.19
0.75
1.21
-------
Scott Research Labs., Inc.
Project #2807
6-16
April 30, 1970
APPENDIX 6.4 ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE.- Steady State HC (FID), Idle
Source of Variation
Make
Fuel
Interval
Make x Fuel
Make x Interval
Fuel x Interval
Make x Fuel x Interval
Degrees
of
Freedom
4
2
1
8
4
2
8
Sums of
Squares
323991.59442
27479.26518
1608.41579
111698.06062
275811.79808
6196.39882
154184.16343
Mean Squares
80997.89861
13739.63259
1608.41579
13962.25758
68952.94952
3098.19941
19273.02043
F
Ratio
3.72
0.63
0.07
0.64
3.16
0.14
0.88
-------
Scott Research Labs., Inc.
Project #2807
6-17
April 30, 1970
APPENDIX 6.4 ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE - Steady State HC (NDIR), 20 MPH
Source of Variation
Make
Fuel
Interval
Make x Fuel
Make x Interval
Fuel x Interval
Make x Fuel x Interval
Degrees
of
Freedom
4
2
1
8
4
2
8
Sums of
Squares
48081.59590
10729.65617
1624.09536
52686.16034
17962.16178
5387.30582
25672.69167
Mean Squares
12020.39897
5364.82808
1624.09536
6585.77004
4490.54045
2693.65291
3209.08646
F
Ratio
5.68
2.53
0.77
3.11
2.12
1.27
1.52
-------
Scott Research Labs., Inc.
Project #2807
6-18
April 30, 1970
APPENDIX 6.4 ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE - Steady State HC (NDIR), 40 MPH
Source of Variation
Make
Fuel
Interval
Make x Fuel
Make x Interval
Fuel x Interval
Make x Fuel x Interval
Degrees
of
Freedom
4
2
1
8
4
2
8
Sums of
Squares
164910.76538
6614.58650
7050.79511
21761.36464
10890.11460
930.07416
7486.35473
Mean Squares
41227.69135
3307.29325
7050.79511
2720.17058
2722.52865
465.03708
935.79434
F
Ratio
56.58
4.54
9.68
3.73
3.74
0.64
1.28
-------
Scott Research Labs., Inc.
Project #2807
6-19
April 30, 1970
APPENDIX 6.4 ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE - Steady State HC (NDIR), Idle
Source of Variation
Make
Fuel
Interval
Make x Fuel
Make x Interval
Fuel x Interval
Make x Fuel x Interval
Degrees
of
Freedom
4
2
1
8
4
2
8
Sums of
Squares
83154.10781
1150.98326
2966.31729
17886.68087
23489.98784
1192.31933
7834.75843
Mean Squares
20788.52695
575.49163
2966.31729
2235.83511
5872.49696
596.15966
979.34480
F
Ratio
10.90
0.30
1.56
1.17
3.08
0.31
0.51
-------
Scott Research Labs., Inc.
Project #2807
6-20
April 30, 1970
APPENDIX 6.4 ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE - Steady State CO,,, 20 MPH
Source of Variation
Make
Fuel
Interval
Make x Fuel
Make x Interval
Fuel x Interval
Make x Fuel x Interval
Degrees
of
Freedom
4
2
1
8
4
2
8
Sums of
Squares
20.07290
.40703
1.69744
1.82557
8.01855
.87629
2.57629
Mean Squares
5.01822
.20351
1.69744
.22820
2,00464
.43814
.32204
F
Ratio
12.38
0.50
4.19
0.56
4.94
1.08
0.79
-------
Scott Research Labs., Inc.
Project #2807
6-21
April 30, 1970
APPENDIX 6.4 ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE - Steady State C02> 40 MPH
Source of Variation
Make
Fuel
Interval
Make x Fuel
Make x Interval
Fuel x Interval
Make x Fuel x Interval
Degrees
of
Freedom
4
2
1
8
4
2
8
Sums of
Squares
.94334
.18816
.00081
.22195
.09652
.10322
.41687
Mean Squares
.23584
.09408
.00081
.02774
.02413
.05161
.05211
F
Ratio
6.19
2.47
0.02
0.73
0.63
1.35
1.37
-------
Scott Research Labs., Inc.
Project #2807 6-22 April 30, 1970
APPENDIX 6.4 ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE - Steady State C02, Idle
Source of Variation
Make
Fuel
Interval
Make x Fuel
Make x Interval
Fuel x Interval
Make x Fuel x Interval
Degrees
of
Freedom
4
2
I
8
4
2
8
Sums of
Squares
18.36271
.98022
14.06596
4.79626
24.14442
1.68714
6.78305
Mean Squares
4.59068
.49011
14.06596
.59953
6.03610
.84357
.84788
F
Ratio
7.00
0.75
21.46
0.91
9.21
1.29
1.29
-------
Scott Research Labs., Inc.
Project #2807
6-23
April 30, 1970
APPENDIX 6.4 ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE - Steady State CO, 20 MPH
Source of Variation
Make
Fuel
Interval
Make x Fuel
Make x Interval
Fuel x Interval
Make x Fuel x Interval
Degrees
of
Freedom
4
2
1
8
4
2
8
Sums of
Squares
20.07290
.40703
1.69744
1.82557
8.01855
.87629
2.57629
Mean Squares
5.01822
.20351
1.69744
.22820
2.00464
.43814
.32204
F
Ratio
12.38
0.50
4.19
0.56
4.94
1.08
0.79
-------
Scott Research Labs., Inc.
Project #2807
6-24
April 30, 1970
APPENDIX 6.4 ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE - Steady State CO, 40 MPH
Source of Variation
Make
Fuel
Interval
Make x Fuel
Make x Interval
Fuel x Interval
Make x Fuel x Interval
Degrees
of
Freedom
4
2
1
8
4
2
8
Sums of
Squares
.94150
.18928
.00075
.22113
.09610
.10302
.41766
Mean Squares
.23538
.09464
.00075
.02764
. 02403
.05151
.05221
F
Ratio
6.20
2.49
0.02
0.73
0.63
1.36
1.37
-------
Scott Research Labs., Inc.
Project #2807
6-25
April 30, 1970
APPENDIX 6.4 ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE - Steady State CO, Idle
Source of Variation
Make
Fuel
Interval
Make x Fuel
Make x Interval
Fuel x Interval
Make x Fuel x Interval
Degrees
of
Freedom
4
2
1
8
4
2
8
Sums of
Squares
18.36271
.98022
14.06596
4.79626
24.14442
1.68714
6.78305
Mean Squares
4.59068
.49011
14.06596
.59953
6.03610
.84357
.84788
F
Ratio
7.00
0.75
21.46
0.91
9.21
1.29
1.29
-------
Scott Research Labs., Inc.
Project #2807
6-26
April 30, 1970
APPENDIX 6.4 ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE - Steady State 02> 20 MPH
Source of Variation
Make
Fuel
Interval
Make x Fuel
Make x Interval
Fuel x Interval
Make x Fuel x Interval
Degrees
of
Freedom
4
2
1
8
4
2
8
Sums of
Squares
9.48438
1.16453
.40133
4.88306
2.06258
.71654
2.13683
Mean Squares
2.37109
.58226
.40133
.61038
.51565
.35827
.26710
F
Ratio
4.46
1.09
0.75
1.15
0.97
0.67
0.50
-------
Scott Research Labs., Inc.
Project #2807
6-27
April 30, 1970
APPENDIX 6.4 ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE - Steady State Q 40 MPH
Source of Variation
Make
Fuel
Interval
Make x Fuel
Make x Interval
Fuel x Interval
Make x Fuel x Interval
Degrees
of
Freedom
4
2
1
8
4
2
8
Sums of
Squares
20.35898
.68721
.01369
4.03239
.59780
4.60163
4.88953
Mean Squares
5.08975
.34360
.01369
.50405
.14945
2.30081
.61119
F
Ratio
8.60
0.58
0.02
0.85
0.25
3.87
1.03
-------
Scott Research Labs., Inc.
Project #2807
6-28
April 30, 1970
APPENDIX 6.4 ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE *- Steady State 02> Idle
Source of Variation
Hake
Fuel
Interval
Make x Fuel
Make x Interval
Fuel x Interval
Make x Fuel x Interval
Degrees
of
Freedom
4
2
1
8
4
2
8
Sums of
Squares
5.17528
1.14283
.01202
9.72347
.54244
.40538
2.31484
Mean Squares
1.29382
.57141
.01202
1.21543
.13561
.20269
.28935
F
Ratio
3.10
1.37
0.03
2.91
0.32
0.48
0.69
-------
Scott Research Labs., Inc.
Project #2807 6-29 April 30, 1970
APPENDIX 6.5 MEAN VALUES OF SIGNIFICANT INTERACTIONS
Fuel x Interval - Steady State 02 @ 40 MPH
(Fl x II) = 2.17 (F2 x II) = 2.43 (F3 x II) = 2.10
(F2 x 12) = 2.31 (F2 x 12) = 1.85 (F3 x 12) = 2.59
Fuel x Make - Steady State 0 , Idle
(Fl x Ml) = 1.286 (F2 x Ml) = 1.022 (F3 x Ml) = 1.00
(Fl x M2) = 1.072 (F2 x M2) = 0.975 (F3 x M2) = 0.955
(Fl x M3) = 0.786 (F2 x M3) = 1.053 (F3 x M3) = 1.020
(Fl x M4) = 2.173 (F2 x M4) = 0.650 (F3 x M4) = 0.788
(Fl x M5) = 1.293 (F2 x M5) = 1.538 (F3 x M5) = 2.042
Fuel x Make - Steady State HC (NDIR), 20 MPH
(Fl x Ml) = 191.8 (F2 x Ml) = 236.0 (F3 x Ml) = 167.1
(Fl x M2) = 188.3 (F2 x M2) = 244.0 (F3 x M2) = 180.4
(Fl x M3) = 201.5 (F2 x M3) = 180.4 (F3 x M3) = 211.0
(Fl x M4) = 209.2 (F2 x M4) = 242.8 (F3 x M4) = 270.9
(Fl x M5) = 255.2 (F2 x M5) = 245.2 (F3 x M5) = 299.0
Fuel x Make - Steady State HC (NDIR), 40 MPH
(Fl x Ml) = 165.0 (F2 x Ml) = 216.2 (F3 x Ml) = 165.6
(Fl x M2) = 142.9 (F2 x M2) = 149.8 (F3 x M2) = 105.8
(Fl x M3) = 199.2 (F2 x M3) = 193.5 (F3 x M3) = 189.0
(Fl x M4) = 259.5 (F2 x M4) = 270.2 (F3 x M4) = 268.8
(Fl x M5) = 152.7 (F2 x M5) = 189.2 (F3 x M5) = 211.4
-------
Scott Research Labs., Inc.
Project #2807 6-30 April 30, 1970
APPENDIX 6.5 MEAN VALUES OF SIGNIFICANT INTERACTIONS
Interval x Make - 7-Mode CO
(II x Ml) = 0.687 (12 x Ml) = 1.420
(II x M2) = 0.658 (12 x M2) = 0.679
(II x M3) = 0.617 (12 x M3) = 0.691
(II x M4) = 0.591 (12 x M4) = 0.675
(II x M5) = 0.671 (12 x M5) = 0.521
Interval x Make - Idle RPM
(II x Ml) = 598 (12 x Ml) = 603
(II x M2) = 550 (12 x M2) = 544
(II x M3) = 551 (12 x M3) = 567
(II x M4) = 546 (12 x M4) = 558
(II x M5) = 617 (12 x M5) = 553
Interval x Make - PCV Flow
(II x Ml) = 1.650 (12 x Ml) = 1.800
(II x M2) = 1.260 (12 x M2) = 1.797
(II x M3) = 1.853 (12 x M3) = 1.787
(II x M4) = 1.870 (12 x M4) = 1.787
(II x M5) = 1.777 (12 x M5) = 1.813
Interval x Make - EC (FID), Idle
(II x Ml) = 455.3 (12 x Ml) = 666.7
(II x M2) = 473.7 (12 x M2) = 385
(II x M3) = 459.0 (12 x M3) = 410.0
(II x M4) = 543.7 (12 x M4) = 480
(II x M5) = 424.7 (12 x M5) = 372
-------
Scott Research Labs., Inc.
Project #2807 6-31 April 30, 1970
APPENDIX 6.5 MEAN VALUES OF SIGNIFICANT INTERACTIONS
Interval x Make - HC (NDIR), 40 MPH
(II x Ml) = 164 (12 x Ml) = 200
(II x M2) = 108 (12 x M2) = 157
(II x M3) = 199 (12 x M3) = 188
(II x M4) = 258 (12 x M4) = 273
(II x M5) = 184 (12 x M5) = 184
Interval x Make - HC (NDIR), Idle
(II x Ml) = 190.2 (12 x Ml) = 262
II x M2) = 203.1 (12 x M2) = 216.1
(II x M3) = 207.4 (12 x M3) = 185.1
(II x M4) = 274.5 (12 x M4) = 267.0
(II x M5) = 181.8 (12 x M5) = 184.0
Interval x Make - CO-, 20 MPH
(II x Ml) = 14.173 (12 x Ml) = 12.736
(II x M2) = 14.593 (12 x M2) = 14.647
(II x M3) = 14.643 (12 x M3) = 14.647
(II x M4) = 14.683 (12 x M4) = 14.487
(II x M5) = 13.833 (12 x M5) = 14.067
Interval x Make - CO , Idle
(II x Ml) = 13.940 (12 x Ml) = 11.167
(II x M2) = 13.960 (12 x M2) = 13.373
(II x M3) = 13.877 (12 x M3) = 13.670
(II x M4) = 13.817 (12 x M4) = 13.223
(II x M5) = 13.590 (12 x M5) = 13.803
-------
Scott Research Labs., Inc.
Project #2807 6-32 April 30, 1970
APPENDIX 6.5 MEAN VALUES OF SIGNIFICANT INTERACTIONS
Interval x Make - CO, 20 MPH
(II x Ml) = 0.823 (12 x Ml) = 2.257
(II x M2) = 0.403 (12 x M2) = 0.347
(II x M3) = 0.347 (12 x M3) = 0.380
(II x M4) = 0.310 (12 x M4) = 0.507
(II x M5) = 1.160 (12 x M5) = 0.927
Interval x Make - CO, Idle
(II x Ml) =1.053 (12 x Ml) = 3.830
(II x M2) = 1.030 (12 x M2) = 1.620
(II x M3) = 1.117 (12 x M3) = 1.330
(II x M4) = 1.183 (12 x M4) = 1.770
(II x M5) = 1.400 (12 x M5) = 1.193
------- |