oEPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Industrial Environmental Research
Laboratory
Research Triangle Park NC 27711
EPA-600/7-79-231a
October 1979
Environmental Standards
for Coal Conversion
Processes. Volume I. Most
Stringent, Federal, and
Selected State
Regulations
Interagency
Energy/Environment
R&D Program Report
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RESEARCH REPORTING SERIES
Research reports of the Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, have been grouped into nine series. These nine broad cate-
gories were established to facilitate further development and application of en-
vironmental technology. Elimination of traditional grouping was consciously
planned to foster technology transfer and a maximum interface in related fields.
The nine series are:
1. Environmental Health Effects Research
2. Environmental Protection Technology
3. Ecological Research
4. Environmental Monitoring
5. Socioeconomic Environmental Studies
6. Scientific and Technical Assessment Reports (STAR)
7. Interagency Energy-Environment Research and Development
8. "Special" Reports
9. Miscellaneous Reports
This report has been assigned to the INTERAGENCY ENERGY-ENVIRONMENT
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT series. Reports in this series result from the
effort funded under the 17-agency Federal Energy/Environment Research and
Development Program. These studies relate to EPA's mission to protect the public
health and welfare from adverse effects of pollutants associated with energy sys-
tems. The goal of the Program is to assure the rapid development of domestic
energy supplies in an environmentally-compatible manner by providing the nec-
essary environmental data and control technology. Investigations include analy-
ses of the transport of energy-related pollutants and their health and ecological
effects; assessments of, and development of, control technologies for energy
systems; and integrated assessments of a wide range of energy-related environ-
mental issues.
EPA REVIEW NOTICE
This report has been reviewed by the participating Federal Agencies, and approved
for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect
the views and policies of the Government, nor does mention of trade names or
commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use.
This document is available to the public through the National Technical Informa-
tion Service, Springfield, Virginia 22161.
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EPA-600/7-79-231a
October 1979
Environmental Standards for Coal
Conversion Processes. Volume I. Most
Stringent, Federal, and Selected
State Regulations
by
O.K. Webber and D.E. Whittaker
Pullman Kellogg
16200 Park Row, Industrial Park Ten
Houston, Texas 77084
Contract No. 68-02-2198
Program Element No. EHE623A
EPA Project Officer: Robert A. McAllister
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
Office of Environmental Engineering and Technology
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
Prepared for
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Office of Research and Development
Washington, DC 20460
-------
. Foreword
The intent of this report is to provide those working in the
engineering areas of multimedia environmental control an awareness
of the types and breadth of regulations and criteria that have been
and will be implemented. The information contains an engineering
interpretation of some of the more stringent standards in the U. S.,
Canada, and Mexico. This is intended to aid process designers in
their efforts to design environmentally improved facilities. The
information is not intended to be a definitive summary or an exhaus-
tive listing. Nor, is the report able to reflect accurately the
current status of regulations because of on-going additions or
changes.
The reader must constantly be aware that this text will have
the above limitations, and due to summarization may not always re-
flect the true intent of specific regulations.
Regulations and legal notices by the U.S. Federal Agencies
are published by the Office of Federal Registar, National Archives
and Record Service, General Service Administration, Washington, D.C.
20408. The Federal Registar's publication should be referred to
for the official full text document. For the State and non-U.S.
standards the appropriate official full text documentation should
also be consulted.
ii
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Foreword ii
Abstract viii
I. Introduction 1
II. Objectives of the Survey 1
III. Basis for Jurisdictional Selection 2
IV. Jurisdictional Selection 4
V. Method of Information Acquisition 5
VI. Specific Environmental Areas Covered. 7
Comments
i
VII. Summary of Most Stringent Water Quality 11
Standards
VIII. Summary of Most Stringent Air Quality 18
Standards
IX. Environmental Protection Agency - Effluent 59
Guidelines and Standards
Coal Mining Point Source Category - 59
Present Rules
Coal Mining Point Source Category - 60
Proposed Rules
Petroleum Refining Point Source Category 62
Secondary Treatment Information 62
Safe Drinking Water Act 63
Pre-Treatment Standards 65
National Pollutant Discharge Elimination 65
Systems Permit
Proposed EPA Regulations on 66
Hazardous Substances
iii
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont.)
Page
Guidelines for the Land Disposal of 67
Solid Wastes
Solid Waste Disposal Act as Amended 69
X. National Interim Primary Drinking 70
Water Regulations
XI. U. S. Public Health Service Drinking 73
Water Standards. 1962
XII. Federal Emission Standards - Standards 75
of Performance for Stationary Sources
Coal Preparation Plants 75
Fossil-Fuel Fired Steam Generators 75
Incinerators 77
Storage Vessels for Petroleum Liquids 78
Petroleum Refineries 79
Stationary Gas Turbines 81
XIII. National Emission Standards for 84
Hazardous Air Pollutants
XIV. National Ambient Air Quality Standards 86
State Ambient Air Standards Closely 87
Paralleling National Standards
State Ambient Air Standards Differing from 92
National Standards
XV. Standards of Selected States 100
Alabama Standards for: Water 100
Air 104
Solid Wastes 118
Alaska Standards for: Water 120
Air 124
Solid Wastes 127
iv
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont.)
Colorado Standards for:
Idaho Standards for:
Illinois Standards for:
Indiana Standards for:
Kansas Standards for:
Kentucky Standards for:
Missouri Standards for:
Montana Standards for:
Page
Water 129
Air 131
Solid Wastes 149
Water 151
Air 155
Solid Wastes 161
Water 163
Air 170
Solid Wastes 180
Water 182
Air 185
Solid Wastes 199
Water 201
Air 205
%
Solid Wastes 212
Water 215
Air 218
Solid Wastes 227
Water 230
Air 234
Solid Wastes 242
Water 244
Air 247
Solid Wastes 254
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont.)
Volume II. Selected State, Mexican, and
Canadian Regulations
Foreword
Abstract
New Mexico Standards for: Water
Air
Solid Wastes
North Dakota Standards for: Water
Air
Solid Wastes
Ohio Standards for: Water
Air
Solid Wastes
Oklahoma Standards for: Water
Air
Solid Wastes
Pennsylvania Standards for: Water
Air
Solid Wastes
Tennessee Standards for: Water
Air
Solid Wastes
Texas Standards for: Water
Air
Solid Wastes
Utah Standards for: Water
Air
Solid Wastes
vi
ii
viii
257
261
273
274
280
293
302
307
320
321
329
342
345
352
360
366
373
381
384
390
406
408
411
415
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont.)
Vol. n (Cont.) Pa?e.
Virginia Standards for: Water 417
Air 421
Solid Wastes 426
Washington Standards for: Water 428
Air 436
Solid Wastes 441
West Virginia Standards for: Water 444
Air 449
Solid Wastes 459
Wyoming Standards for: Water 461
Air 465
Solid Wastes 472
XVI. Standards for the Delaware ,
River Basin: Water 474
XVII. Standards for Mexico: Water 487
Air 496
XVIII. Standards for the Dominion
of Canada: Water 499
Air 522
Solid Wastes 529
XIX. Standards for Selected Canadian Provinces
Alberta Standards for: Water 545
Air 547
Solid Wastes 552
British Columbia Standards
for: Water 562
Air 574
Solid Wastes 584
XX. International Joint Commission: 592
Great Lakes Water Quality Standards
vii
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ABSTRACT
Existing and proposed environmental standards have been gathered
and synopsized to serve as a guide for evaluation of the effi-
ciency of available and developing technology for control of
liquid effluents, gaseous emissions and solid wastes from coal
conversion processes. Within the United States, the Federal and
EPA standards and guidelines for air, water and solid wastes were
gathered, together with the standards for 22 states selected for
their potential in installation of >al conversion facilities and
the standards for two regional commissions. With a view toward
the possibility of environmental effects crossing national bor-
ders, the standards and guidelines for Mexico, the Dominion of
Canada, two Canadian provinces and the International Joint
Commission of U.S. and Canada, were synopsized and added to the
U.S. standards.
All of the standards and guidelines were compared and from them a
summary of the most stringent of the standards was developed.
This summarization, reduced as far as possible to engineering
terms, can serve as a guide in the design of coal conversion
plants on the premise that if the effluents, emissions and wastes
from the conversion process steps are so treated that the final
releases to the environment meet the criteria in the summary of
most stringent standards, then the conversion plants can be built
anywhere in the U.S., Mexico or Canada.
viii
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I. INTRODUCTION
A survey was made of present and currently proposed environmental
restrictions relevant to contaminants in the effluents, emis-
sions and wastes from coal conversion processes to serve as the
measurement standard in evaluating available and developing con-
trol technology for such processes. The environmental restric-
tions set forth in Federal and state rules and regulations were
reported together with selected international and regional
regulations. The most stringent of the air and water regulations
included herein have been summarized for convenience.
II. OBJECTIVES OF THE SURVEY
The prime objective of the survey was to assemble a single source
reference document of applicable environmental regulations for
use in considering both present control technology capabilities
and necessary future technologies for controlling pollutants from
the conversion of coal to gaseous or liquid fuel.
A second objective was to summarize the most stringent of the
environmental regulations presented herein so that a single
source of environmental requirements representing the most
restrictive of present and proposed regulations would be
available. A coal conversion facility built in the United States
to meet the requirements in this most stringent summary would, by
definition, meet the requirements of any individual state. The
summary was by necessity limited primarily to those regulations
of a quantitative (numerical) nature and did not include
ordinances below the state jurisdictional level, since these were
beyond the scope of the project. Special requirements
-------
introduced by individual states' permitting authorities were also
beyond the scope of this 'project and were not included.
Another major objective was to provide an in-depth survey of the
regulations of the selected states which had not been available
previously to the extent presented in the survey. An example of
the wide coverage of this survey is the inclusion of the U. s.
EPA regulations applicable to Fluid Catalytic Cracking Units,
Petroleum Refining Category, upon reasoning that giving a broad
definition to Petroleum Refining, as some states do, makes such
regulations potentially relevant to expected further on-site
processing of coal liquefaction products.
III. BASIS FOR JURISDICTIONAL SELECTION
The first phase of the survey is concerned with federal and state
environmental regulations. As such regulations are continually
being amended they can only be reported current as of a given
cut-off date. The cutoff date for the federal and state
material in this report was 31 October 1977. The second phase
supplements the first with a survey of regional and international
regulations. Cutoff date for the second phase was 15 April 1978.
On the premise that the first phase activity should be as broad
as possible, it was decided that expanding the material consider-
ed relevant would be preferable to restricting it. Consequently,
whenever it appeared that a particular standard or regulation
might have at least some present or potential relevance, it was
included in the survey. This approach was also advantageous with
respect to use of the survey by project personnel as a source of
guidelines to demonstrate the type and degree of restrictions
placed on environmental contaminants.
The approach taken in the first phase was to collect, organize,
review and synopsize environmental laws, regulations, standards
-------
and other restrictions of probable relevance. The coverage of
this survey has intentionally been made as broad as possible to
present the widest and most divergent restrictions in effect at
both the federal and state levels. No local jurisdictional
environmental requirements below the state level were included in
the survey. As the commercial coal conversion facilities which
are the underlying subject matter of this project are all yet to
be built, only regulations pertaining to new facilities, as
opposed to existing facilities, have been considered and
included.
To make the initial collection and review of environmental
factors as meaningful as possible, it was decided that the
selection of the states to be included in this environmental
survey would be based on the reported availability of coal
deposits within the vari' is states. This basis was chosen
because economic factors favor sites near coal deposits for
possible coal conversion plant locations. Accordingly, the
environmental laws, regulations and standards for 22 states were
included with the federal restrictions in the first phase. The
review of these state and federal requirements is broken down
into the following three main areas:
Air Pollution Regulations
Water Pollution Standards
Solid Waste Requirements
A preliminary screening was carried out to determine most of the
common contaminants normally present and to examine the state and
federal regulations in view of these contaminants. The list of
contaminants was extended as the work progressed.
It is noteworthy that, of all the states surveyed, only New
Mexico has to date promulgated regulations which have specific
-------
applicability to fuel conversion facilities, and these regula-
tions cover only the air pollution control area.
IV. JURISDICTIONAL SELECTION
In addition to the federal environmental restrictions and guide-
lines included within this survey, regulations for the following
states were selected based on the state's potential* for future
plant siting:
Alabama Missouri Tennessee
Alaska Montana Texas
Colorado New Mexico Utah
Idaho North Dakota Virginia
Illinois Ohio Washington
Indiana Oklahoma West Virginia
Kansas Pennsylvania Wyoming
Kentucky
In addition, the requirements as established by the U. S. Public
Health Service Drinking Water Standards, 1962, and the Interim
Primary Drinking Water Regulations were synopsized and included
in the survey.
Although California was one of the states initially selected for
inclusion within the survey, because of time limitations and
California's unique method of establishing environmental restric-
tions, California regulations are not being included. California
also ranks quite low among the selected states in reported coal
deposits. North Dakota, which has both sizeable coal deposits
and projected conversion plants, was substituted for California.
*None of the New England states was included, although recently
a coal conversion facility has been approved by Region I of
the U.S. E.P.A. at Brayton Point Station in Massachusetts.
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The review of federal and state standards was supplemented by a
review of standards and guidelines established by the Delaware
River Basin Commission, since the authority of this regional
commission extends over geographical, rather than political,
areas and therefore considers the area environment unconfined by
artificial boundaries. It was found that the standards and
guidelines adopted by the Susquehanna River Basin Commission are
those of the states affected by the Commission.
Further consideration of the argument that environmental effects
are not limited by political boundaries led to the inclusion in
the survey of the standards and guidelines that have been
established by Mexico and Canada. The Mexican regulations are
federal actions, while in Canada both the Dominion and the
provincial governments have enacted standards and guidelines.
Therefore, Mexican federal standards, Dominion of Canada
standards and guidelines, and the standards and guidelines of the
provinces of Alberta and British Columbia became part of the
survey. The two provinces were chosen because their boundaries
are continguous with those of Montana, Idaho and Washington,
where much of the U.S. western coal reserves are located.
Finally, the rules and guidelines established by U.S.-Canadian
International Joint Commission were included in the survey, since
these are primarily concerned with the Great Lakes and the St.
Lawrence River areas and thus complete the regulatory coverage of
the northern U.S. border.
V. METHOD OF INFORMATION ACQUISITION
The information required for the survey of environmental
regulations was acquired in a series of steps:
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A review of the applicable Code of Federal Regulations
(CFR) to determine-the relevant federal environmental rules
and regulations.
A daily review of the Federal Register to determine appli-
cable rules and regulations promulgated subsequent to the
CFR edition, and additionally, any proposed rules, regula-
tions or notices which would be of concern.
An initial request, prior to project inception, to the
appropriate agencies of states selected requesting copies
of their regulations. A request was also made that Pullman
Kellogg be placed on mailing lists so as to be kept up-to-
date on each state's activities in the environmental area.
A subsequent request to all selected states upon project
inception for their current regulations to ensure that the
latest information would be on hand. Those states which
had indicated that they were either revising their regula-
tions or considering doing so were again contacted to de-
termine the status and, where possible, draft regulations
were obtained, reviewed and included within the survey.
A review of Canadian regulations and guidelines, both
Dominion and provincial, in Pullman Kellogg1s domestic and
Canadian files for rules pertaining to the environment.
A review of the actions of the International Joint
Commission of the United States and Canada, for relevant
environmental rules.
A review of the appropriate Mexican regulations in the law
library of the University of Texas in Austin.
A limited environmental literature survey was conducted
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through NTIS and selected EPA data base searches, and var-
ious technical periodicals were received and reviewed for
useful information concerning federal and/or state environ-
mental restrictions.
VI. SPECIFIC ENVIRONMENTAL AREAS COVERED. COMMENTS
A. Air Emission Criteria
A review was conducted of the Federal EPA air emission
regulations with designated emission source categories therein,
of the selected state regulations, of the regional and the
international regulations and guidelines. The potentially
relevant air pollution standards were then synopsized for
eventual inclusion in the survey report. As previously stated,
the scope of this survey was purposely kept broad so as to
provide the most comprehensive listing of existing and proposed
regulations possible.
The following are comments generally applicable to a large major-
ity of the jurisdictions surveyed:
A permit is required for construction, modification or re-
vision prior to commencement of the construction, modifi-
cation or revision contemplated.
Exceptions to the regulations are generally available for
plant malfunction, startup and shutdown so long as speci-
fied reporting requirements are complied with.
Dilution of any effluent or emission as a means of satisfy-
ing restrictions is prohibited.
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Where there are several rules or standards applicable or
more than one interpretation is possible, the most strin-
gent should be applied.
In most jurisdictions, application for a variance from the
established emission limits is possible, with discretionary
approval authority in the jurisdiction's air pollution
control agency.
Some states have specific geographical areas or air pollu-
tion control districts (sometimes heavily populated
counties) which may have individual standards more
stringent than the state-wide or "out-state" standards. No
attempt was made to include these "localized" standards in
this survey although a few of these regulations have been
included for comparison.
Emission limitations applicable only to mobile sources were
not considered as these types of regulations are not within
the scope of the project.
The various regulations pertaining to monitoring of emis-
sions were not included since these regulations are also
beyond the scope of the review.
All the selected quantifiable standards as of the aforementioned
cut-off dates were compared and the most stringent set of
limitations was assembled; compliance with these limitations
would presumably satisfy any criteria. The comparison of
standards was undertaken as to numerical or quantified values
only. Other regulations as found in the synopses would have to
be considered in the design of proper control technology as well.
These other regulations are primarily of a descriptive nature,
sometimes of considerable length, and cannot readily be
compared.
8
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B. Water Effluent Limitations, Guidelines and Standards
The Federal EPA effluent limitations and guidelines for specific
point source categories and water quality standards of the se-
lected states were reviewed and synopsized. As in the air
pollution control area, the range of water quality criteria
surveyed was purposely kept broad to provide the most comprehen-
sive listing of standards possible.
A majority of the states and other regulatory bodies have
established water quality standards which are applicable, for the
most part, to existing receiving waters of the state. The
primary state mechanism for controlling effluents into receiving
waters is enforcement of the conditions imposed by a required
discharge permit.
An analysis was made to determine the most stringent standards
whenever a numerical comparison was possible, which standards
would then presumably satisfy any jurisdictional criteria. Again,
it should be emphasized that this was a comparison of
quantifiable standards only, and other regulations would have to
be considered.
C. Solid Waste Disposal Requirements
The Federal Guidelines and the selected states' solid waste dis-
posal requirements were reviewed and these guidelines and stan-
dards were synopsized. The same policy as to scope and relevance
of standards was used in this area as in the water and air regu-
lation areas.
The majority of the solid waste disposal requirements are much
less definitive, with regard to establishing design requirements,
than those criteria established within the air and water
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regulatory areas. The regulations tend to establish requiremen
directed more toward the operation of a disposal facility tna
the design, such as adequate rodent control and proper compac
and cover for solid waste. Even though the operational crite
should be considered beyond the scope of this survey, some
these standards are presented for certain selected jurisdictio
as guidelines, since these types of criteria are essentially
same from area to area. Also, many of the requirements a
applicable to public authorities, such as municipalities,
their solid waste collection and disposal activities.
It should be expected that the regulatory activity in this are
and especially with respect to hazardous wastes will continue
increase as a result of the Solid Waste Disposal Act as amende
by the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976, Title
Solid Waste Disposal (42 USC 6901 et seq.).
One provision generally common to the states reviewed allows
solid waste disposal on one's own property without a permit s
long as no nuisance conditions are created.
Texas, one of the states surveyed, has issued Technical Guide-
lines for solid waste disposal and indicates that by following
these guidelines all solid waste disposal requirements will be
satisifed. These Technical Guidelines are available from the
Texas Water Quality Board, which has responsibility in this
area.
10
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VII. SUMMARY OF MOST STRINGENT WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
Based on the Federal Standards, Selected States' Standards and the
Regional and International Standards Covered in the Synopses
%
Notes: 1. The following compilation represents the most stringent
criteria as established by the individual states,
regions and countries considered for this project.
2. It must be emphasized that this compilation represents
an analysis based on numerical considerations only;
compliance with these criteria should, in all probabi-
lity, allow construction at any location. However,
engineering design based on the following criteria may
result in over design, and this should be considered for
any cost data developed that are based on the criteria.
I. GENERAL CRITERIA FOR RECEIVING WATERS
A. The following minimum water quality conditions should be
applicable to all receiving waters, and such waters should
be:
1. Free from substances that will cause the formation of
putrescent or objectionable sludge or bottom deposits.
2. Free from floating debris or other floating materials.
(Alternate: Free from floating debris or other
floating materials in amounts to be
unsightly or deleterious.)
3. Free from substances producing color, or odor to the
water.
(Alternate: Free from substances which produce color
or odor in amounts to be deleterious or
to such degree as to create a. nuisance.)
4. Free from substances in amounts which would impart an
unpalatable flavor to fish.
5. Free from substances which would be harmful or toxic
to human, animal, plant, or aquatic life.
(Alternate: Free from substances in amounts which
would be harmful or toxic to human,
animal, plant or aquatic life.)
6. Free from substances or conditions in concentrations
which would produce undesirable aquatic life.
(Alternate: Add to above, "Free from nutrients
entering the waters in concentrations
that create nuisance growths of aquatic
weeds and algae.")
7. Free from toxic substances, heated.liquids or any
11
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MOST STRINGENT WATER QUALITY STANDARDS (CONT)
other deleterious substances attributable to sewage
industrial wastes or other wastes.
(Alternate; Add to above - in amounts which would
affect public health or the desirability
of the beneficial water use.)
B. Acid Mine Drainage Control Measures (Applicable to coal
processing)
1. Surface and ground water shall be diverted where prac-
ticable to prevent entry or reduce the flow into and
through mine workings.
2. Refuse from the mining and processing of coal shall be
handled and disposed of in a manner so as to minimize
the discharge of acid mine drainage to streams.
3. Discharge of acid mine drainage to streams shall be
regulated to equalize Vie flow of daily accumulation
throughout a 24 hour period.
II. SPECIFIC WATER QUALITY STANDARDS - RECEIVING WATERS
A. The following specific water quality criteria should apply
to all waters:
Substance or
Condition Limitation
pH (range) 7.0 - 8.8 (Br. Columbia)
Temperature <. 1°C Rise (Canada-Federal)
_< 60°F (Alaska and Washington)
<_ 85°F (North Dakota)
Dissolved Oxygen >_ 9.5 mg/1 (Fresh water)
>^ 7.0 mg/1 (Marine water)
>_ 5.0 mg/1 (probable average)
Color None
£ 15 Color Units (other
criteria)
Turbidity No Increase
£ 10 JTU (probable average)
Total Coliform _< 50/100 ml
Bacteria
12
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MOST STRINGENT WATER QUALITY STANDARDS (CONT)
Substance or
Condition (contd.)
Fecal Coliform
Bacteria
Settleable Solids
Dissolved Solids
Oil and Grease
Radioactivity
Odor and/or Taste
Total Dissolved
Gas
Hardness
Persistent Organic
Contaminants (harmful
to human, animal,
or aquatic life)
Toxic Substances
BODs
(Deoxygenating Waste)
Limitation (contd.)
£ 10/100 mg (Domestic water
supply)
£ 200/100 ml (Probable average)
None (Essentially free)
;< 200 mg/1 - (Pennsylvania)
_< 100 mg/1 (Br. Col., fresh
water)
None
_< 10 mg/1 (Others)
Gross beta - _< 15 pCi/1
Strontium - £ 2 pCi/1
Radium 226 - < 1 pCi/1
Alpha Emitters - 3 pCi/1
None
< 3 Threshold Odor Number
TProbable average)
< 11056 of Saturation
< 95 mg/1, max. 30 day avg.
TDelaware River Basin
Commission)
Substantially absent
(North Dakota)
Persistant Toxicants - _< 1/2 of
96 hr TLM
Non-Persistant Toxicants -
<. 1/10 of 96 hr TLM
< 30 mg/1
B. The following chemical pollutants should not exceed the
specified concentrations at any time:
Constituent
Alkalinity
Alkyl Benzene Sulfonate
(ABS)
Concentration
20-100 mg/1 (Del. R. Basin,
tidal waters)
<_ 0.5 mg/1
13
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MOST STRINGENT WATER QUALITY STANDARDS (CONT)
Constituent (contd.)
Ammonia (as N)
Arsenic
Asbestos
Barium
Boron
Cadmium
Chloride
Chlorine, residual
Chromium (Hexavalent)
Cobalt
Copper
Cyanide
Fluoride
H S, undissociated
Iron
Lead
Manganese
Mercury
Mercury in fish
Nickel
Nitrates
Phenols
Phosphorus
PCB (Polychlorinated
biphenyl), total
Selenium
Silver
Sulfate
Uranyl Ion
Zinc
III. EFFLUENT STANDARDS
Concentration (contd.)
£ 0.02 mg/1 (N. Dak; next value
is £0.15 mg/1)
_< 0.01 mg/1
Lowest Practicable Level (IJC*)
_< 0.5 mg/1
_< 1.0 mg/1
£ 0.002 mg/1 (<0.01 Probable
_< 100 mg/1 (£ 250 probable
average)
_< 0.002 mg/1 (Proposed IJC) (Br
Col.: Below detectable limits)
_< 0.05 mg/1
£ 1.0 mg/1
<, 0.005 mg/1 (Proposed IJC;
0.10 probable average)
<. 0.005 mg/1
£1.0 mg/1
£0.002 mg/1 (Proposed IJC)
£ 0.3 mg/1
£ 0.01 mg/1 (Proposed IJC, Lake
Superior; Ohio = £ 0.04)
£ 0.05 mg/1
£ 0.0002 mg/1 (Proposed IJC)
£ 0.0005 mg/kg Wet wt.
(Proposed IJC)
£ 0.025 mg/1 (Proposed IJC)
£ 10 mg/1
£ 0.001 mg/1
£ 0.05 mg/1
£ 0.00 mg/1
£ 0.005 mg/1 (£ 0.01 probable
average)
£ 0.0001 mg/1 (Proposed IJC;
£ 0.05 probable average)
< 250 mg/1
j< 5.0 mg/1
< 0.03 mg/1 (Proposed IJC)
(When Not Specified Differently by Discharge Permit)
Except as otherwise noted, compliance with the numerical
standards should be determined on the basis of 24-hour
composite samples, and no contaminant shall exceed five times
the numerical standards at any time or in any one sample.
•IJC = International Joint Commission of United States and Canada
14
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MOST STRINGENT WATER QUALITY STANDARDS (CONT)
B,
No effluent shall contain the following:
1. Settleable Solids.
2. Floating debris.
3. Visible oil, grease, scum, or sludge solids.
4. Obvious color, odor and/or turbidity.
5. Fecal coliforms, concentration greater than UOO/100 ml.
Additional contaminants, concentrations of which should not
be exceeded in any effluent:
1. Constituent
Aluminum
Ammonia
Antimony
Arsenic
Barium
Boron
Cadmium
Chlorate
Chlorides
Chlorine, residual
Chromium (Hexavalent)
Cobalt
Copper
Cyanide
Fluoride
Iron
Lead
Magnesium
Manganese
Mercury
Molybdenum
Nickel
Nitrites (N)
15
Concentration
£ 0.2 mg/1 (Br. Col., one
industry category)
<, 0.5 mg/1 (Br. Col,
tentative)
<^ 0.05 mg/1 (Br. Col., one
industry category)
<. 0.05 mg/1
<. 1.0 mg/1
_< 1.0 mg/1
_< 0.005 mg/1 (Br. Col.)
50 mg/1 (Br. Col, one
industry category)
_< 250 mg/1
0.2 mg/1 (Br. Col., one
industry category)
_< 0.05 mg/1
0.1 mg/1 (Br. Col., one
industry category)
_< 0.05 mg/1 (Br. Col.)
_< 0.02 mg/1
<_ 1.0 mg/1
_< 0.3 mg/1
_< 0.05 mg/1 (Br. Col.)
150. mg/1 (Br. Col., for
fresh water; one industry
category)
_< 0.05 mg/1 (Br. Col)
_< 0.001 mg/1 (Br. Col,
tentative)
0.50 mg/1 (Br, Col, one
industry category)
< 0.2 mg/1 (Br. Col)
10.0 mg/1 (Br. Col., for
several industry
categories)
-------
MOST STRINGENT WATER QUALITY STANDARDS (CONT)
1. Constituent
Nitrogen'
Phenols
Phosphorus
Selenium
Silver
Sulfate
Sulfides and Mercaptans (S)
Urea
Zinc (Ohio @ hardness
< 80 mg/1 as
2. BOD
3. COD
M. Temperature, max.
5. Turbidity
6. Solids: Total
Dissolved (Total)
Suspended
7. Oil
8. Odor
9. Persistent pesticides
10. Dissolved oxygen
(nontidal streams)
Concentration (Cont)
_< 2.5 mg/1 - April - Oct.
£ 4.0 mg/1 at other times
_< 0.005 mg/1
_< 1.0 mg/1
_< 0.01 mg/1
_< 0.05 mg/1
_< 50 mg/1 (Br. Col.)
.011 mg/1 (Br. Col., one
industry category)
1.0 mg/1 (Br. Col., one
industry category)
j< 0.075 mg/1 (Usual < 0.1)
j< 30 mg/1 (Deoxygenating
Wastes)
<. 125 mg/1
90°F (Br.Col., several
industry categories)
£ 10 J.T.U. (Br. Col.,
several industry
categories)
<_ 1500 mg/1 (Br. Col.,
several industry
categories)
_< 1000 mg/1 (Delaware
R.B.C.)
<^ 25 mg/1 (Canada-Federal)
<_ 10 mg/1 (Delaware R.B.C.)
250 (threshold number)
(Delaware R.B.C.)
Not to exceed 1/100 of
TL50 value at 96 hours
appropriate bioassay test
(Delaware R.B.C.)
Not to reduce dissolved
oxygen content of receiving
water by more than 5%
(Delaware R.B.C.)
16
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MOST STRINGENT WATER QUALITY STANDARDS (CONT)
Constituent Concentration (Cont)
11. Toxicity 50$ max. mortality in 96
hours appropriate bioassay
test with 1:1 dilution
(Delaware R.B.C.)
12. pH* 6.5-8.5 (Br. Col. - several
industry categories)
IV. OTHER CRITERIA
A. Waste Treatment Ponds
Lagoons containing toxic substances or petroleum products
must be lined. (Oklahoma)
B. Non-Degradation
Waters whose existing quality is better than the
established standards shall not be lowered in quality.
C. Aesthetic values shall not be reduced by dissolved, sus-
pended, floating or submerged matter so as to affect water
usage.
*The pH limitation should not be subject to averaging and
should be met at all times.
17
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SUMMARY OF MOST STRINGENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS
Based on the Federal Standards,
Selected States' Standards and the Regional and
International Standards Covered in the Synopses
General Notes and Comments on Application and Use
1 . The main objective of this analysis was to present the most
stringent of the air standards covered in the synopses which
could be compared numerically. Additionally, some of the
shorter narrative or design specification types of regulation
representing most stringent (or unique) requirements are also
included. Topics generally having narrative type regulations
of considerable length were not included. General fugitive
dust emissions and storage and handling of organic materials
and organic solvents were among those falling in this
category.
2. New Mexico is the only state covered to have promulgated air
regulations specifically for "Gasification Plants." All of
these regulations have been included in appropriate sections
in this compilation. A number of other regulations are in-
cluded within this compilation which are unique to a certain
jurisdiction and therefore automatically the most stringent.
Many of these are for non-criteria contaminants, however.
3. Not all of the jurisdictions used the same basis for their
standards for given contaminants and sources. Where possible
conversion of all similar standards to a common base for
18
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SUMMARY OF MOST STRINGENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS
4. The most general regulations with respect to geographical
area or "out-state" regulations of the jurisdictions were
synopsized and then compared. A few more stringent regula-
tions for nonattainment areas (mainly heavily populated and
industrialized counties) are shown in certain of the state
regulations in addition to the "out-state" but were generally
not included in the synopses.
5. Only regulations pertaining to new facilities were synopsized
and compared as there are no existing commercial domestic
fuel conversion plants of the type envisioned by this pro-
ject.
6. Applicable Federal regulations found to be most stringent or
as stringent as any jurisdiction covered are shown in this
compilation in the appropriate place or category. Applicable
but not most stringent Federal regulations are also shown but
in parentheses for reference only. For easier reading the
proposed Federal regulations for Stationary Gas Turbines have
been placed together in one subsection of that title. They
are newly proposed and the most stringent at present because
none of the states covered have as yet promulgated
regulations for such a source.
7. Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) and Emission
Offsets.
The Clean Air Act Amendments of 1977 (enacted August 7, 1977)
had considerable effect in the PSD area, which mainly
provides the scheme for protecting areas with air quality
cleaner than the minimum national ambient air standards.
19
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SUMMARY OF MOST STRINGENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS
Final regulation revisions for PSD were published in the Federal
Register on June 19, 1978 at 43 FR 26380. State plans (SIP's)
are required to reflect these requirements with revisions to be
submitted to EPA by March 19, 1979. These regulations revise
40CFR Part 51 and Part 52 and are quite long and complex. As the
publication date is after the April 15, 1978 cut-off date for
source material for this project, a complete synopsis will not be
made here of the PSD regulations as revised. However, a
discussion of the effect and highlights of PSD follows due to the
potential importance of these regulations relative to this
project and the other regulations ..resented.
While PSD regulations apply primarily to areas meeting national
ambient regulations for specified pollutants, Emission Offsets
regulations apply primarily to dirty or nonattainment areas
(areas not meeting ambient regulations). Because of the nature
of the plants to be built relating to this project, it is assumed
that attainment areas and thus PSD regulations are more relevant
to the project. Two important basic requirements of Emission
Offset regulations, where applicable, are: 1) lowest achievable
emission rate (LAER) shall be attained, and 2) no net increase in
emission shall result from an affected new or modified source.
There are both significant similarities and differences in PSD
and offset regulations.
A brief summary of the requirements set out in the PSD section of
the 1977 Air Act Amendment (Section 165) follows:
20
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MOST STRINGENT AIR QUALITY STANDARD'S (CONT)
No major emitting facility (as defined in the Act) on which
construction is commenced after August 7, 1977, may be
constructed unless: 1) a permit has been issued setting
forth emission limitations; 2) an air quality analysis has
been conducted; 3) a public hearing has been held. (This
is a new requirement which was not contained in earlier PSD
regulations); 4) certain specified allowables (increments)
are not exceeded; 5) best available control technology is
applied; 6) the requirements for protection of pristine
areas (Class I) have been met; 7) there has been an
analysis of any air quality impacts projected for the area
as a result of growth associated with the proposed
facility; and 8) monitoring will be conducted to determine
the effect of the facility's emissions on air quality.
PSD regulations at present apply to areas not exceeding
National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for sulfur
dioxide and particulates and establish allowable increases
(incremental changes) for these pollutants in three area
classifications above a defined baseline concentration. The
allowable increases follow:
Maximum allowable
increase (micro-
grams per cubic
Pollutant meter)
CLASS I
Particulate matter:
Annual geometric mean 5
24-hr maximum 10
Sulfur dioxide:
Annual arithmetic mean 2
24-hr maximum 5
3-hr maximum 25
21
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MOST STRINGENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS (CONT)
Maximum allowable
Increase (micro-
grams per cubic
Pollutant meter)
CLASS II
Particulate matter:
Annual geometric mean 19
24-hr maximum 37
Sulfur dioxide:
Annual arithmetic mean 20
24-hr maximum 91
3-hr maximum 512
CLASS III
Particulate matter:
Annual geometric mean 37
24-hr maximum 75
Sulfur dioxide:
Annual arithmetic mean 40
24-hr maximum 182
3-hr maximum 700
Class I through III area classifications refer to
geographical areas differentiated by the amount of
incremental increases to be allowed in each. Class I
increments permit only minor air quality deterioration; Class
II increments, moderate deterioration; Class III increments,
deterioration up to the secondary NAAQS.
Class I areas are often referred to as "pristine."
Redesignation of lands from one classification to another by
the states is allowed under some circumstances through
specified procedures. Certain lands are now permanently in
Class I. Class II increments have been changed and in some
22
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MOST STRINGENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS (CONT)
cases have become more restrictive; Class III increments now
are specifically defined and procedures for reclassifying to
Class III are more rigorous.
In the near future, PSD regulations will be extended to other
pollutants for which NAAQS's are in effect (to be promulgated
by August 8, 1979, and taking effect one year after
promulgation).
It is now evident the required PSD air quality impact
analysis will also apply in certain cases to nonattainment
(dirty) areas. This is due to the possible effects of
sources in nonattainme-t areas on air quality in clean areas.
(The reverse can also be true so that the emission offset
policy may have to be met by a clean area.)
A number of important and sometimes lengthy definitions are
included in the current PSD regulations. For PSD purposes
"major emitting source" under Section 169(1) includes 28
specified sources emitting, or having the potential to emit,
100 tons per year or more of any air pollutant. For those
sources not specified only sources having emissions of more
than 250 tons per year are subject to PSD requirements.
"Baseline concentration" is defined as the ambient concen-
tration level reflecting actual air quality as of August 7,
1977, minus any contribution from major stationary sources
and major modifications on which construction commenced on or
after January 6, 1975. Among other definitions are ones
covering "major modifications," "potential to emit,"
"fugitive dust," "commence," "best available control
technology," and "allowable emissions."'
23
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MOST STRINGENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS (CONT)
The two primary requirements that a PSD permit applicant must
meet are:
1) Best available control technology, and
2) Not causing nor contributing to air pollution in ex-
cess of the maximum allowable increment or concentra-
tion for any pollutant more than one time per year.
Best available control technology is to be determined on a
case-by-case basis, taking into account energy, environmental
and economic impacts and other c< jts. At a minimum BACT must
not result in emissions which would exceed the emissions
allowed by new source performance standards under Section 111
or hazardous emission standards under Section 112 of the Air
Act.
Of major concern is the likelihood of eventually consuming
all available increments. The fuel conversions necessitated
by the present energy situation in heavily industrialized
areas will likely cause the sulfur dioxide and particulate
increments to be exceeded, especially if all sources are
counted against the increment. If offsetting reductions
cannot be effected much of existing industry could be forced
to curtail its operations and new sources could not be
constructed.
The revised regulations follow the outline of the earlier
regulations but, in general, are more comprehensive and
restrictive.
24
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MOST STRINGENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS' (CONT)
8. The possible effects of certain general or catch-all pro-
visions in the regulations covered must also be taken into
account. Certain jurisdictions leave discretion in their air
pollution agencies to lower specific numerical and other
standards on the basis of "nuisance," for the "public
welfare," because of specific health hazards, or where the
application of best currently available control technology
might reasonably dictate a more stringent standard. These
would most often be applied on a case-by-case basis but could
lower certain standards for an entire plant site under
consideration. Because of the lack of specificity and wide
variance in historical interpretation and application of such
regulations among the jurisdictions, such regulations were
not generally included in the stringency review.
(Consideration of best currently available control
technology with consideration of economic reasonableness and
cost versus benefits is also a general requirement in the
promulgation of regulations.) Typical examples of some of
these general or catch-all provisions follow:
a) Nuisance - Interference with Enjoyment of Life and
Property. Compliance with the regulations herein not-
withstanding, should it be found after public hearing
that any specific emission source is, will be, or tends
to be significantly injurious to human health or welfare,
animal or plant life, or property, or is or will be
unreasonably interfering with the enjoyment of life and
25
-------
MOST STRINGENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS (CONT)
property of any inhabitant of the state, or will inter-
fere with the attainment or maintenance of any national
ambient air standards, alternate standards or orders may
be issued to require additional abatement or control of
certain emissions as deemed necessary to effect the pur-
poses of the Kansas enabling act. (Kansas)
b) Air Quality Degradation Regulated. In areas of present
high air quality where measured or estimated ambient
levels of controllable pollutants are below the levels
specified by applicable standards any emission of
pollutant to the ambient air must be shown to result in
pollution levels within applicable ambient air standards
and will be prohibited in any case unless shown to be
controlled to afford the highest efficiencies and the
lowest discharge rates that are reasonable and practi-
cable as specified in [subsection B.2]. (Utah)
c) Non-degradation. The significant and avoidable deterior-
ation of air quality in any part of an area where pre-
sently existing air quality is equal to or better than
that required by Ohio ambient air quality standards shall
be prohibited. (Ohio)
d) More stringent requirements. A greater degree of control
may be required to prevent a health hazard or a local
nuisance because of the particular properties of a speci-
fic organic compound. Determination of a health hazard
will be based upon such factors as threshold limit
values, presence of carcinogens, and other accepted
health indicators. (Indiana)
26
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MOST STRINGENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS (CONT)
e) "Best available control technology" shall be determined
on a case-by-case basis considering the following:
(Virginia)
1) The process, fuels and raw material available and to
be employed in the facility involved;
2) The engineering aspects of the application of various
types of control techniques which have been adequate-
ly demonstrated;
3) Process and fuel changes;
4) The respective costs of application of all such con-
trol techniques, process changes, alternative fuels,
etc.;
5) Any applicable emission standards; and
6) Location and siting considerations.
f) Best currently available control technology (BCACT). Air
contaminant sources shall have installed and utilize the
best currently available equipment and control technology
for limiting emissions of gaseous air contaminants.
(Tennessee)
g) Particulate Emissions - General Process Standards: Parti-
culate non-attainment counties. In any county where one
or more sources are emitting particulates at rates in
27
-------
MOST STRINGENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS (CONT)
conformity with applicable maximum emission rates and the
ambient air quality standard for particulate matter is
being exceeded, the Board shall set an appropriate emis-
sion standard for each source contributing to the parti-
culate matter in the ambient air of the county at such
value as the Board may deem necessary to achieve the
desired air quality. (Tennessee)
h) Diluting and Concealing Emissions. The installation or
use of any device, contrivance or operational schedule
which, without resulting in reduction of the total amount
of air contaminant released to the atmosphere, shall di-
lute or conceal an emission from a source is prohibited.
(Wyoming)
Specific limitations and shortcomings in presenting this type
of analysis in a conveniently brief manner are discussed in
the last item of this section. The standards presented in
this survey were condensed from generally lengthy rules and
regulations. Numerical standards seldom stand alone and are
generally clarified, modified, and limited by accompanying
definitions, exceptions, calculation procedures and instruc-
tions, and other narrative forming the context in which they
are found. The synopses herein attempted to retain the key
points of such narrative but considerably less could be in-
cluded in a reasonably brief stringency survey. Therefore,
this survey may be used as a guide and convenient reference
but not as a complete substitute for the synopses, the regu-
lations, and other auxiliary sources such as court or agency
opinions for in-depth regulatory applications.
28
-------
MOST STRINGENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS (CONT)
10. Limitations and precautions in application. The following
points indicate some of the most significient areas of poten-
tial difficulty or inconsistency with respect to the applica-
tion of this most stringent air standards survey. The full
implication of several of the points will probably only be
apparent to those who now have or formerly have had extensive
involvement in the practical application of air regulations.
a) Although fairly consistent, the rules for adding like
facility rates or capacities within a given plant before
calculating standards vary somewhat among the various
jurisdictions and can lead to determination of different
values for calculated standards. These rules are not
always clearly spelled out in the written regulations and
are often subject to or controlled by custom, board
discretion, and court or agency rulings within a given
jurisdiction. When necessary to add all units of a given
source category within a plant before determination of
the standard (probably the most common procedural method)
smaller allowable emission values will generally result
because percentage limitations on contaminants always
decrease as capacity or stream rate increases where
variable standards are specified.
b) As the most stringent regulations compiled are an artifi-
cial body of rules, no general system exists dictating
controlling relationships between these regulations where
conflict, overlapping, or the like might exist. Such a
system does generally exist for any single jurisdiction
29
-------
MOST STRINGENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS (CONT)
and for the Federal and other jurisdictional regulations
but these systems vary somewhat and thus would produce
some differences upon application.
c) Some of the most stringent standards are presented by
tables with standards at several specific stream rates or
plant capacity levels. This was necessary where the
jurisdictions used a mixture of constants and/or formulae
to cover the standards over defined ranges, generally in
terms of certain stream rates or other plant capacity
indicating factors. To compare these for stringency it
was necessary to solve any applicable formulae at some
stream rate or plant capacity level within the relevant
range. The fuel conversion plants under consideration
are generally of very large throughputs and thus one or
more points representing realistically high rates or
capacities were among those selected in most cases.
Conversely, some included units or streams in the plants
could be rather small and so required other points to be
determined representing rather small streams or capa-
cities. A wide variety of plants and processes is within
the project scope, and this introduces considerable
potential variation in flow rates and sizes of specific
units or facilities within the over-all plants.
11. Referring to the standards requiring tabular presentation as
mentioned in 10.c) above, the most stringent standards could
only reasonably be shown for a limited number of selected
points. Interpolation between these selected points would
almost never be proper because the points used could repre-
sent either constants or solutions to one or more formulae
30
-------
MOST STRINGENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS (CONT)
at relevant capacities or rates. The synopses or the
complete regulations would thus have to be referred to for
intermediate standards evaluation, and in some cases care
might have to be taken to determine which jurisdiction's
regulation was most stringent at the new point in question.
31
-------
MOST STRINGENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS (CONT)
I. Nitrogen Oxides (NOX, expressed as NC^)•
A. Fuel Burning Equipment
Facilities >_ 250 MM Btu/hr heat input*
Gas fired 0.2 Ib/MM Btu (Federal, most states)
Liquid (oil) fired 0.3 Ib/MM Btu (Federal, most states)
Solid (coal) fired 0.45 Ib/MM Btu (N.M.; Federal is 0.7
Ib/MM Btu)
Facilities <250 MM Btu/hr heat input
Any Fossil Fuel Best Available Control Technology
(Ohio)
Any size facility
Gas Fired 0.2 Ib/MM Btu (Wyoming)
Solid (coal) fired 0.7 *b/MM Btu (Wyoming)
Facilities >^ 1 MM Btu/hr heat input
Liquid (oil) fired 0.3 Ib/MM Btu (Wyoming)
Facilities < 1 MM Btu/hr heat input
Liquid (oil) fired 0.6 Ib/MM Btu (Wyoming)
Combined Fuel Firing (No Federal Standard but several
states have a formula covering, Colorado's is shown
below)
E = (0.2X+0.3Y+0.7Z)/(X+Y+Z)
Where: X is the % of total heat input from gaseous
fossil fuel;
Y is the % of total heat input from liquid
fossil fuel; and
•Idaho incorporates the Federal standards here except that its
Dept. determines on a case-by-case basis whether a stricter
standard should be adopted after application of the best
currently available control technology with reasons to be stated
with the standard.
32
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MOST STRINGENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS (CONT)
Z is the % of the total heat input from solid fossil
fuel.
II. Visible Emissions
A. Processes
2Q% Opacity (#1 on Ringelraann Chart), (Kentucky)
B. General (Any Source)
20% Opacity (#1 on Ringelmann Chart), (Alabama and
many states)
for >^ 100,000 acfra flue gas rate: 15% Opacity (Texas) ,
C. Fuel Burning Equipment
10% Opacity (#0.5 on Ringelmann Chart), (West Virginia
Federal - 20% Opacity)
D. Incinerators
10% Opacity (#0.5 on Ringelmann Chart), (Montana)
E. Coal Preparation Plants
Thermal Dryers - 20$ Opacity, (Federal)
Pneumatic Coal Cleaning Equipment: 10$ Opacity
(Federal)
F. Petroleum Refineries
From fluid catalytic cracking unit catalyst
regenerator or fluid catalytic cracking unit
incinerator - waste heat boiler: 30$ Opacity
(Federal)
III. Particulates
A. Processes
1. Standards Based on Process Weight Rate
Process Weight Rate, Ib/hr Emission Standard, Ib/hr
2.5 MM 54.2 (Alabama, others)
1.0 MM 46.8 (Alabama, others)
0.1 MM 20.5 (Illinois)
0.05 MM 14.2 (Illinois)
33
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MOST STRINGENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS (CONT)
2. Standards Based on Stack Exhaust Gas Rate
Stack Exhaust Gas Rate, Concentration
DSCFM Standard. gr/DSCF
1 MM 0.02 (Pa.)
0.3 MM 0.02 (Pa.)
0.2 MM 0.03 (Pa.)
0.1 MM 0.04 (Pa.)
3. Process emitting 100 T or more of particulates
annually based on 0 control (excluding combustion
products of fuel oil, LPG, or natural gas).
85% control of emissions (based on 0 control with
source at maximum operating capacity). (Utah).
B. Petroleum Refineries
From fluid catalytic cracking unit catalyst regenerator
or fluid catalytic cracking unit incinerator - waste
heat boiler -
1.0 lb/1000 Ib of coke burn-off (Federal), (incre-
mentally higher emission rates are allowed for heat
input attributable to auxiliary liquid or solid fossil
fuels).
C. Gasification Plants - General (Certain boilers and coal
briquet forming facilities within these plants are
covered later in subsection III.E.).
Standard: 0.03 gr/sof exit gas
D. Fuel Burning Equipment
1. Standards Based on Heat Input Capacity.
34
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MOST STRINGENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS (CONT)
(Fuels as designated)
Coal:
>250 MM Btu/hr in 0.05 Ib/MM Btu (H.H.V.)
(New Mexico); and
0.02 Ib/MM Btu (H.H.V.),
for particulates 2
microns equivalent
aerodynamic diameter or
less (New Mexico)
<250 MM Btu/hr in 0.1 Ib/MM Btu (Illinois)
Oil: >114 MM 0.005 (New Mexico)
<114 MM 0.1 (Illinois)
Gas: >2500 MM 0.1 (Texas)
Combinations Fuels: E = SgH3 + 0.10 HI
(Illinois)
where: Sg is applicable solid fuel particulate
emission, Ib/MM Btu actual heat input;
Hg is actual heat input from solid fuel,
MM Btu/hr;
HI is actual heat input from liquid
fuel, MM Btu/hr
(Any Fuel - Specific Fuels are not Designated)
Heat Input, Btu/hr Standard, Ib/MM Btu
10 MMM 0.1 (Federal, Okla.)
5 MMM 0.1 (Federal, several states)
500 MM 0.1 (Federal, several states)
50 MM 0.1 (Wyoming)
5 MM 0.4 (Ohio, other states)
2. Standards Based on Exhaust Gas Rate
Any fuel except coal or municipal waste: 0.05 gr/SCF
(Alaska)
Coal or municipal waste: 0.1 gr/SCF (Alaska)
35
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MOST STRINGENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS (CONT)
E. Gasification Plants (Designated Facilities and Fugitive
Dust as per Respective Subsection Headings). (New Mexico)
1. Gas burning boilers (in conjunction with gasification
plant)
Standard: 0.03 Ib/MM Btu heat input (L.H.V.)
2. Boilers firing more than one fuel (in conjunction
with gasification plant).
Formula for Standard:
ET = E0Q0+EcQc+EgQg
where ET is the total allowed emission in
pounds per given period of time;
Eo is the allowed emission from oil in Ib/MM
Btu's;
Ec is the allowed emission from coal in Ib/MM
Btu's;
E- is the allowed emission from gas in Ib/MM
o
Btu's;
Q0 is the heat released by the oil based on
the higher heating value in Btu's per period
of time;
Qc is the heat released by the coal based on
the higher heating value in Btu's per period
of time;
Qg is the heat released by the gas based on
the lower heating value in Btu's per period of
time.
Additionally, maximum emissions of particulates two
microns or less (equivalent aerodynamic diameter) are
limited by:
Ef = 0.40 Ec (Q0 + Qc + Qg)
36
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MOST STRINGENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS (CONT)
where Ef is maximum emissions in Ib/given time
period, and other terms are as defined in 2.a) above.
3. Coal briquet forming facilities
Standard: 0.03 gr/SCF exit gas (with particulate
emissions limited to stack outlets with-
in technical feasibility).
4. Stack Design. All particulate emissions are to be
through stacks at least ten diameters in length with
adequate platforms and parts for sampling.
5. Fugitive Dust. No material shall be handled, trans-
ported, stored or disposed of and no building or road
shall be used, constructed, altered or demolished
without taking reasonable precautions to prevent
particulates from becoming airborne.
F. Coal Preparation, Handling, and Mining
1. Standard for any thermal dryer: 0.031 gr/DSCF
effluent gas (Federal)
2. Standard for any pneumatic coal cleaning equipment:
0.018 gr/DSCF effluent gas (Federal)
3. Coal preparation plants. All crushers, conveyors,
screens, cleaners, hoppers, and chutes, which are
designed for continuous transportation or preparation
of coal shall be equipped with hoods, shields, or
sprays where reasonably necessary to prevent airborne
particulate matter. (New Mexico)
U. Coal mines-roads. Main coal haulage roads shall be
sprayed or otherwise treated where reasonably
necessary to prevent airborne particulate matter.
(New Mexico)
G. Incinerators
1. Standards Based on Refuse Charge Rate
37
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MOST STRINGENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS (CONT)
Refuse Charge Rate, Ib/hr Standard, gr/SCF Exahaust Gas
(vol. corrected to 125& C02)
60,000 0.05 (Illinois)
5,000 0.08 (Federal, Illinois)
1,000 0.10 (Montana, others)
500 0.10 (Montana, others)
100 0.10 (Montana, others)
Refuse Charge Rate. Ib/hr Standard, lb/100 Ib charged
500 (and higher rates) 0.10 (Ohio)
100 0.20 (Ohio)
2. Emissions with an excess of 100 ppm total carbonyls
in the exhaust gases are prohibited. Operation shall
only be during daylight hours unless permission for
other operation is obtained from the Department.
(Washington)
IV. Carbon Monoxide
A. General Sources
1. Emissions shall be limited so as to prevent ambient
air standards for CO from being exceeded.
Appropriate means are use of a direct flame
afterburner or other Division approved means of equal
effectiveness. (Wyoming)
2. All sources of CO shall control CO emissions by use
of the best currently available control technology
(BCACT, Ohio).
B. Petroleum Refineries or Processes
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MOST STRINGENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS (CONT)
1. Any petroleum processing facility.
a) A waste gas stream shall be burned in a direct
flame afterburner or CO boiler so that a
concentration of no more than 200 ppm (vol.,
corrected to 50% excess air) CO is emitted or
shall be treated by other equivalent and Agency
approved control technology. (Catalyst
regenerators of fluidized catalytic converters
equipped for in situ combustion of CO may emit CO
concentrations up to 350 ppm corrected to 50%
excess air. (Illinois) (The Federal standard and
that of many states is 0.050? (vol.) in effluent
gas.)
b) Waste gas streams with CO from any catalyst re-
generation of a petroleum cracking system,
petroleum fluid coker, or any other petroleum
process must be burned at 1300°F for 0.3 sec or
longer in a direct-flame afterburner or boiler
with indicating pyrometer. (Alabama, Ohio)
2. Any petroleum process.
Emissions shall be reduced by complete secondary
combustion (93/& removal of CO or more) of the waste
gas stream. (Oklahoma)
Fuel Burning Equipment
1. Facilities with >10 MM Btu/hr actual heat input.
200 ppm CO (corrected to 50% excess air).
(Illinois)
2. Effluent streams with CO shall be burned in a
direct-flame afterburner or boiler or controlled by
other Board approved means. • (Indiana)
39
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MOST STRINGENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS (CONT)
D. Incinerators
1. Any incinerator
500 ppm (corrected to 50$ excess air). (Illinois)
2. Any effluent streams with CO shall be burned in a
direct-flame afterburner or boiler or controlled by
other Board approved means. (Indiana)
V. Odors
A. Odors from I^S or Mercaptans.
Emissions containing I^S or mercaptans shall be incine-
rated at 1200°F or higher for at least 0.3 sec before
discharge to the atmosphere or treated by alternate means
shown to the Department to be at least as effective.
(Pennsylvania)
B. Any source (some of the standards below represent similar
requirements stated in slightly different ways by
different states).
Malodorous air from any source whatsoever, regardless
of compliance with other odor standards [in these
regulations] shall not be emitted such that any odor
is detectable beyond the property line of such source.
(Pennsylvania)
Best available control technology as approved by the
Board shall be used to limit odorous emissions from
any odor emitting source. No odor, except for
accidental or other infrequent emissions, that would
be objectionable to a person of ordinary sensibility
shall be emitted from a facility. (Virginia)
The discharge of gases, vapors, .or odors beyond the
property line of an odor source so that a public
nuisance is created is prohibited. (Montana)
No odor shall be detectable from a sample taken at the
property line of an odor source after dilution with up
to seven volumes of odor free air as determined by the
40
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MOST STRINGENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS (CONT)
Barneby-Cheney Co.'s centometer or equivalent and
approved method. Effective odor control devices or
systems shall be installed and operated such that
odors in excess of the above are not created in areas
adjacent to the source property line. (Wyoming;
Missouri requires two separate tests not less than 15
minutes apart each hour.)
Handling and storage. Odor producing materials shall
be stored and handled so that accompanying odors do
not create a public muisance; accumulation of such
quantities of these materials as to permit their
escape or spillage shall be prohibited. (Montana)
C. Incinerators
1. Incinerators, including all associated equipment and
grounds, shall be designed and operated in such
manner as necessary to prevent emission of
objectionable odors. (Ohio, Alabama, Missouri)
VI. Sulfur Dioxide and Sulfur
A. Fuel Burning Equipment - Sulfur Emissions Standards
(Kansas)
_>250 MM Btu/hr: 1.5 Ib/MM Btu
B. Fuel Burning Equipment - S02 Standards
1. Specific fuels
Gas fired - S02 Standard: 0.16 Ib/MM Btu L.H.V.
(N.M. - Gasification Plants)
Residual oil fired* - S02 Standard:
440 ppm (vol.) S02 emissions concentration
(Texas)
>115 MM Btu/hr: 0.31* Ib/MM Btu (N.M.; Federal =
0.8 Ib/MM Btu)
*(At very high rates the Kentucky S02 standard formula will
be more stringent. This formula for oil fired equipment is:
Y r 7.7223X-O.U106.)
41
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MOST STRINGENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS (CONT)
Distillate fuel oil fired - S02 Standard:
>250 MM Btu/hr: 0.3 Ib/MM Btu (Illinois)
Coal fired - S02 Standard: >250 MM Btu/hr: 0.2
Ib.MM Btu (Wyoming; Federal = 1.2 Ib/MM Btu)
<250 MM Btu/hr: 1.2 Ib/MM Btu (Oklahoma)
2. Any fuel
S02 Standard: 1.0 Ib/MM Btu (Ohio); also
500 ppm (vol.)(Alaska)
3. Combination fuel fired. Several states have heat
input dependent formulae for the S02 standard for
combination fuels.
E = (0.8Y+1.2Z)/(Y+Z)
where: E is the maximum rate of emission,
Ib/MM Btu heat input (2 hr. avg.);
Y is the % of total heat input from
liquid fuel; and
E is the % of total heat input from
solid fuel
C. General Standards
1. S02 Standards:
250 ppm (vol.) (British Columbia)
1000 Ib/hr in exit gas (Mo.). Exceptions (Mo.):
where S02 concentrations in ambient air at
occupied places beyond emitting source premises
don't exceed 0.25 ppm (vol.), 1 *ir. avg., max.
over once in a 4 day period; or
0.07 ppm (vol.), 24 hr. avg., max. over once in a
90 day period.
2. Net S02 ground level concentrations (Texas)
0.4 ppm, 30 min. avg., (allows exemptions when source
meets Federal New Source Performance Standards, utilizes
best available control technology, and doesn't cause or
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MOST STRINGENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS (CONT)
contribute to SC>2 primary and secondary ambient
standards being exceeded in area. Several non-attainment
counties have a 0.28 ppm, 30 rain, average maximum).
D. Processes
1. Gasification Plants - S emissions (New Mexico):
.008 Ib/MM Btu heat input (HHV) in feed to plant
2. Sources other than fuel burning equipment and petroleum
refineries - S02 Standards based on effluent concen-
trations.
500 ppm (vol.) - current (Colo.)
500 ppm (vol.) and emissions of not greater than 5T
S02 per day from any process unit (applies only to
S02 concentra ons of 150 ppm (vol.) or more -
effective on 1/1/85 and applies to new sources after
1/1/80 (Colorado)
3. Process with >250 MM Btu/hr heat input
Ep = 19. 5P0-6? (Indiana)
where Ep = S02 in Ib/hr
P = total process weight input capacity in T/hr
at P = 500 T/hr, Ep = 1254 Ib/hr
4. Ground level concentrations limits (if emitting >10
Ib/hr S02) (Indiana):
V
ahg
where Cmax> = max. hourly ground level cone, with
respect to distance and at the "critical wind speed
for level terrain" resulting from the point source.
cmax. shall not exceed 900 ug/m3 in areas
where ambient air quality is better than applicable
SC-2 secondary ambient air quality standards.
5. Regardless of the specific emission standard applicable
in this regulation, emission sources shall utilize the
43
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MOST STRINGENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS (CONT)
best available control technology as deemed
appropriate by the Board. (Tennessee)
Sulfur Recovery Plants
1. S02 Standards - basis of Ibs/lb S entering any
size facility: .01 Ib/lb S. (Ohio, Okla.)
2. S02 Standards - basis of Ib/hr S02 allowed
Texas formulae:
>4000 SCFM effluent gas rate
E = 0.614 qO.8042
<_ 4000 SCFM effluent gas rate
E = 123.4 + 0.091 q (q = effluent gas rate;
SCFM)
Texas Standard at Rate Shown:
% 1 MM SCFM, E = 41,055 Ib/hr
§.237 MM SCFM, E = 6449 Ib/hr
§ 3 M SCFM, E = 396.4 Ib/hr
3. S. recovery plants in conjunction with natural gas
processing: 100 Ib S02/nr, max. 2 hr. avg.
(Okla.)
4. Also see VII D.5. - H2S from sulfur recovery
plants in conjunction with petroleum processing
facilities. (New Mexico) That provision will
generally be more stringent where applicable.
Sulfuric Acid Producing Facilities (Wyoming)
Processes producing H2SOij by the contact method
burning elemental sulfur, hydrogen sulfide, organic
sulfides, mercaptans, or acid sludge shall limit S02
emissions in all effluent streams to:
not over 4 Ib/T of acid produced, max. 2 hr. avg.
Petroleum Processing Facilities
1. Definition. "Plant processes" includes but is not
limited to hydrogenation sweetening units, hydro-
44
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MOST STRINGENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS' (CONT)
cracking units, fuel burning equipment including
flares and incinerators, sweetening system regener-
ation units, sour water strippers, and similar sulfur
releasing systems. Catalyst cracking regeneration
units other than hydrocracking units, boilers, or
process heaters are not included if total emissions
from them are less than 2.5T of S per day. (New
Mexico)
Refinery plant processes (New Mexico)
avg. S released per day >5T<30 T:
.10 Ib of S/lb S released in plant processes
avg. S released per day >^30 T:
.02 Ib of S/lb of S released in plant processes
Fuel-gas burning equipment (New Mexico)
Ib of S in effluent gas not to exceed a quantity
equivalent to an S content of fuel gas entering
of 10 gr/100 SCF of gas.
Fuel gas combustion devices in petroleum refineries
(Federal).
Fuel gas containing H2S in excess of 0.10
gr/DSCF shall not be burned in any fuel gas com-
bustion device. However, the combustion exhaust
gases may alternately be treated so that the
S02 emissions control is the equivalent with
respect to S02 of compliance with this I^S
content regulation.
Alabama regulations, which cover petroleum facilities
handling natural or refinery (process) gas containing
more than 0.10 gr I^S/SCF of gas could be more
stringent in certain isolated cases. These
45
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MOST STRINGENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS (CONT)
regulations have an increment correction factor
(additional S02 emission allowed) dependent on
mol % H2S in the dry acid gas up to 60 mol %
H2S. Alabama also has a requirement that a
demonstration be made that the S02 emitted will
not cause or contribute to non-attainment of any
primary or secondary ambient air standards. For
reference only the basic uncorrected Alabama
regulations are as follows:
>10 Lt <5Q LT available S per day:
560 Ib/hr
>50 Lt _< 100 LT available S per day:
0.10 Ibs S02/lb of S processed
>100 LT available S per day:
0.08 Ibs S02/lb S processed
H. Standards for Sulfur Content of Fuels (as S). (Montana)
1. Liquid or Solid Fuel
a) Max. S in Fuel: 1 Ib/MM Btu fired
2. Gaseous Fuels
a) Max. S in Fuel (calculated as H2S):
50 gr/100 SCF of fuel
3. Exceptions and exemptions to the standards in i. and
2. are listed.
VII. Hydrogen Sulfide
A. Any source-general (Texas)
1. Max. net ground level concentration.
a) Where residential, business or commercial
property downwind of H2S source is affected
0.08 ppm, 30 min. avg.
b) Where I^S source affects only downwind pro-
perty used for other than the purposes listed in
l.a) above (such as industrial, vacant tracts, or
range lands not normally inhabited.)
0.12 ppm, 30 min. avg.
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MOST STRINGENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS
B. Gasification Plants (New Mexico)
1. 100 ppm (vol.) in effluent gas, to any combination of
H2S, carbon disulfide, and carbon oxysulfide, and
2. 10 ppm (vol.) in effluent gas, max. H2S component
in combined effluent gas.
?. Processes
1. H2S emission rate (or rate to any combustion
device) (Kansas):
10 gr/100 ft3 of gas emitted (or fed to combus-
tion device); except combustion of fuels where the
gaseous products are used as other process raw
materials.
2. Limits on H2S in ambient air in inhabited areas
beyond the source premises where concentrations are
attributable to such source. (Missouri)
0.03 ppm (vol.), 30 min. avg., not more than
twice in any 5 consecutive days
0.05 ppm (vol.), 30 min. avg., not more than
twice per year
3. Effluent gas from H2S process sources shall be
vented, incinerated, flared or otherwise disposed of
so that ambient H2S and S02 standards are not
exceeded. (Wyoming)
). Petroleum Processing Facilities
1. Fuel combustion devices (Federal):
Fuel gas containing H2S in excess of 0.10 gr/DSCF
gas shall not be burned. The exhaust gases may
alternatively be treated so that equivalent S02
emission control is obtained upon such showing to the
satisfaction of the EPA Administrator.
Exceptions. Flaring of process upset gas or of the
process or fuel gas from relief valve leakage is
exempt from the above.
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MOST STRINGENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS (CONT)
Maximum H2S'concentration in refinery process
gases emitted or combusted: 150 ppm (Alabama)
Ground level H2S concentration beyond source
premises for facilities handling natural or refinery
(process) gas containing more than 0.10 gr
H2S/SCF. (Alabama)
Stream shall be burned to maintain a 20 ppb
concentration, averaged over a 30 min. period.
(Determination of such concentration from waste
gas or emergency flaring to assume only 7558 of heat
of combustion is used to heat products of
combustion).
H2S emissions shall be controlled by removal of
H2S from exhaust gas or H2S oxidation to
S02 in a system insuring complete oxidation of
H2S at all times. H2S limits in either type
of control system shall be: (Oklahoma)
0.3 Ib/hr of H2S, 2 hr. avg.; and 95% removal
of H2S in exhaust gas Any oxidation system
shall utilize a stack at least 50 feet in height.
Such system shall not be allowed to emit over 100
Ib/hr of SOX (expressed as S02 2 hr. avg.)
unless there is a prior removal step meeting Oklahoma
SOX limitations.
H2S from petroleum processing facilities includ-
ing sulfur recovery plants in conjunction with such
facilities (New Mexico). Either:
a) 10 ppm (vol.) max. in effluent gas; or
b) the effluent gas shall be passed through suit-
able equipment to oxidize the H2S to S02
c) Flares which may flare gas with over 10 ppm of
H2S shall utilize alarms to signal non-combustion
of the gas.
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MOST STRINGENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS (CONT)
6. Glaus Sulfur Recovery Plants. No discharge shall be
allowed of any gases to the atmosphere containing in
excess of:
a) 0.025$ (vol.) of S02 at 0.0% 03, dry
basis, where emissions are controlled by an
oxidation control system, or a reduction control
system followed by incineration, or
b) 0.030% (vol.) of reduced sulfur compounds and
0.001$ (vol.) of H2S calculated as S02,
at 0.0$ 02 on a dry basis, if emissions are
controlled by a reduction control system not
followed by incineration.
VIII. Sulfur Content of Fuels
A. Maximum Sulfur Content (wt % S or as noted)
Any fuel oil 1.5$ (Utah)
Distillate fuel oil
#1 0.3$ (Idaho)
#2 0.5$ (Idaho)
Coal (Solid) 1.0$ (Idaho)
1 Ib S/MM Btu input
(Montana)*
Gaseous fuel 50 gr (as H2S)/100 SCF of
fuel in (Montana)*
IX. H2SC>4, Sulfuric Acid Mist, S03
A. Emissions of H2SOn or SO^ (or combination)
1. 35 mg (as H2SC>4)/m3 of effluent gas
(Missouri)
•Montana allows higher sulfur content fuels with proper approval
where such fuels are mixed with lower sulfur-containing fuels so
that the mixture doesn't exceed the standard. Montana also
allows S02 emission control in the alternative if such
control will be equivalent in terms of sulfur emitted (in Ib/hr)
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MOST STRINGENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS (CONT)
2. Process sources not including sulfuric acid
manufacturing sources (Illinois)
equivalent sulfuric acid usage <1300 tons per year
(100$ acid basis)
0.10 Ib in any 1 hr period
equivalent sulfuric acid usage >^ 1300 tons per year)
(100$ acid basis)
0.50 Ib /T of H2SOij used
B. Concentration of H2SOi4 or SO^ (or combination)
in Ambient Air in Inhabited Areas beyond Source Premises
(Missouri)
0.03 mg (as F^SOip/mS, 30 min avg., not
over once in 48 hrs.
0.01 mg (as H2SOi})/m3, 24 hr avg., not over
once in 90 days
100 ug/m3 of air (std) at any time
C. Net Ground Level Concentration (Texas)
15 ug/m3 of air (std), 24 hr avg.
50 ug/m3 of air (std), 1 hr avg., measured more
than once in any 24 hr period.
X. Other Miscellaneous Sulfur Compounds
A. Mercaptans
1. Petroleum processing facilities:
Emissions of mercaptans shall be either: not greater
than 0.25 Ib/hr (total mercaptans), or controlled by
passing through a combustion device which will
achieve complete combustion or any other equally
efficient device for control of mercaptans. (New
Mexico)
XI. Gasification Plants - Other Contaminants
A. HCN Standard.
10 ppm (vol.) in effluent gas (New Mexico)
' 50
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MOST STRINGENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS (CONT)
B. NH3 Standard.
25 ppm (vol.) in effluent gas (New Mexico)
Additionally any stationary tanks holding NH^
shall be:
A pressure tank capable of maintaining working
pressures sufficient to prevent loss of NH^ to
the atmosphere, or
Equipped with other equally effective control
equipment to prevent loss of NH^ to the
atmosphere. (New Mexico)
C. Hydrogen Chloride/Hydrochloric Acid Standard.
5 ppm (vol.), any combination of hydrogen chloride and
hydrochloric aci^ in effluent gas. (New Mexico)
XII. Hazardous Air Pollutants
A. Definitions. "Hazardous air pollutants" means an air
pollutant to which no ambient air quality standard is
applicable and which in the judgement of the Adminis-
trator causes or contributes to air pollution which may
reasonably be anticipated to result in an increase in
mortality or an increase in serious irreversible or
incapacitating reversible illness. (Federal)
B. Mercury (Federal)
1. Definition. "Mercury" means the element mercury,
excluding any associated elements, and includes
mercury in particulate, vapors, aerosols, and
compounds.
2. Emission standard. Emissions from sludge incinera-
tion plants, sludge plants, or combinations of these
that process wastewater treatment plant sludges
shall not exceed 7.05 pounds of mercury per 2^-hour
period.
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MOST STRINGENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS (CONT)
C. Beryllium
1. Federal Standard.
Affected facilities. Extraction plants, ceramic
plants, foundries, incinerators, and propellant
plants which process beryllium ore, beryllium,
beryllium oxide, beryllium alloys, or
beryllium-containing waste.
Emission Standard. Emissions from stationary
sources subject to this provision shall not exceed
10 grams of beryllium over a 24-hour period.
2. Texas Concentration Stand^ d
0.01 ug/m3, 24 hr avg. (To be measured by the
difference between upwind and downwind
concentration levels for the source premises, or
by stack sampling, calculated to a downwind
concentration (details in appendices of Texas Air
Regulations.)
D. Hazardous Pollutants - General
1. The utmost consideration shall be given to the
potential harmful effects of and effective control
methods for discharages to the open atmosphere of
hazardous matters including, but not limited to,
antimony, arsenic, asbestos, beryllium, bismuth,
lead, mercury, silica, tin and compounds of such
materials. Evaluation of these sources and the
control methods designed and proposed will be made
on a case-by-case basis by the Department.
(Kentucky)
E. Two of the selected states, Virginia and Colorado, have
chosen to incorporate into their hazardous contaminants
category extensive lists of elements and compounds from
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MOST STRINGENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS (CONT)
sources outside the EPA which are aimed primarily at
protecting humans from excessive exposure levels of
these contaminants. Virginia has incorporated the OSHA
air contaminants list in 29CFR 1910.1000 while Colorado
has incorporated the ACGIH's published list of
"threshold Limit Values" (TLV's) as adopted at the ACGIH
35th Annual Meeting in May 1973. The method each of
these states utilizes to determine standards and to
enforce such levels for these substances is described in
their respective synopses, which also include copies of
the complete lists. No attempt has been made to
identify relevant compounds on these lists for this
project as this falls in line with other work projected
for the future work.
XIII. Other Non-Federal Contaminant Regulations Unique to One or
Only a Few States
A. Ice Fog (Alaska)
1. Any person proposing to build or operate an
industrial process, fuel burning equipment, or an
incinerator in an area of potential ice fog may be
required to reduce water emissions and to obtain an
operating permit.
B. General Gaseous Emission Standards
1. Non-process (Tennessee)
a) Definitions. "Air contaminant source" for
subsection B.I. means any and all sources of
emission of air contaminants, whether privately
or publicly owned. Without limiting the
generality of the foregoing, this term includes
all types of business, commercial and indust-
rial plants, works, shops, and stores, and
heating and power plants and stations,
buildings and other structures of all types,
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MOST STRINGENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS (CONT)
incinerators of all types (indoor and outdoor),
refuse dumps and piles, and all stack and other
chimney outlets from any of the foregoing.
b) Standard. Air contaminant sources shall install
and utilize the best currently available
equipment and control technology.
2. Process (Tennessee)
Gaseous air contaminant sources shall utilize
equipment and technology deemed reasonable and
proper by the Board for control of emissions of such
contaminants.
C. Mineral Acids - Nitric Acid Mist or Vapor, Hydrochloric
Acid Mist or Vapor
1. Allowable stack gas concentration from any
stationary sources.
Nitric Acid Mist and/or Vapor: 70 mg/DSCM
(West Virginia)
Hydrochloric Acid Mist and/or Vapor: 210 mg/DSCM
(West Virginia)
D. Fluorides
1. Inorganic fluoride compounds
6 ppb (vol., 3 hr avg., expressed as HF), (Texas)
2. Fluorine, fluorides (Idaho)
It is prohibited to discharge such quantities (in
combination with all other sources of fluorine and
fluorides, both natural and man-made) that the total
fluoride content in vegetation for feed or forage
resulting from contact with the ambient air exceeds:
a) 400 ppm (dry) - annual arithematic mean
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MOST STRINGENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS (CONT)
b) 60 ppm (dry) - monthly cone, for 2 consecutive
months
c) 80 ppm (dry) - monthly cone, never to be
exceeded
3. Phosphate, phosphorite, or phosphorous processing
equipment and other fluoride processing or treating
equipment. (Montana)
a) Any phosphate rock or phosphorite or phosphoric acid
processing equipment, or equipment processing
fluorides enriched wastewater or fluorides in
gaseous or particulate form or combinations.
0.3 Ib/T of P2°5 introduced (fluoride re-
leasing processes)
b) Pond emission-, Any fluoride emissions from storage
ponds, settling basins, ditches, liquid holding or
conveying tank or device associated with facilities
in 3.a) above.
108 ug/cm2/28 days (calcium formate method)
XIV. Stationary Gas Turbines (Federal - Standards of Performance
for Stationary Sources)
A. Affected facilities: This subpart shall be applicable
to all stationary gas turbines with a heat input at peak
load equal to or greater than 10.7 gigajoules per hour,
based on the lower heating value of the fuel fired.
B. Definitions
1. "Stationary gas turbine" means any simple cycle gas
turbine, regenerative cycle gas turbine or any gas
turbine portion of a combined cycle steam/electric
generating system that is not self-propelled. It
may, however, be mounted on a vehicle for
portability.
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MOST STRINGENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS (CONT)
2. "Simple cycle gas turbine" means any stationary gas
turbine which does not recover heat from the gas
turbine exhaust gases to preheat the inlet
combustion air to the gas turbine, or which does not
recover heat from the gas turbine exhaust gases to
heat water or generate steam.
3. "Regenerative cycle gas turbine" means any
stationary gas turbine which recovers heat from the
gas turbine exhaust gases to preheat the inlet
combustion air to the gas turbine.
4. "Combined cycle gas turbine" means any stationary
gas turbine which recovers heat from the gas turbine
exhaust gases to heat water or generate steam.
C. Emission Standards for Nitrogen Oxides (NOV)
J\,
1. Gas turbines with heat rate at peak load >^ 14.4
kilojoules per watt hr (lower heating value of
fuel).
NOX emissions, E, in exit gases not to exceed:
E = 0.0075 + F
where:
E = maximum NOX emissions in % by volume
(at 15$ Q£ and on dry basis)
F = NOX emission allowance for fuel bound
nitrogen as defined in subpart C.3. below.
2. Gas turbines with heat rate at peak load < 14.4
kilojoules per watt hr (lower heating value of
fuel) .
NOX emissions, E, in exit gases not to exceed:
E = 0.0075 14-4 + F
Y
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MOST STRINGENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS (CONT)
where:
E = maximum NOX emissions in % by volume
(at 15% 02 and on dry basis)
Y = manufacturer's rated heat duty at peak load
in kilojoules per watt hour.
F = NOX emission allowance for fuel bound
nitrogen as defined in C.3. below.
3. The term F shall be defined according to the
nitrogen content of the fuel as follows:
Fuel Bound N* F
(% by Wt) (NOX % by vol.)
N < 0.015 0
0.015 < N _< 0.1 0.04 (N)
0.1 < N <_ 0.25 0.004 + 0.0067 (N-Oil)
N < 0.25 0.005
*N = Weight % nitrogen in the fuel
U. Exemptions from NOX Emission Standards
a) Stationary gas turbines with a heat input at
peak load of 107.2 gigajoules per hour (100 MM
Btu/hr) or less (lower heating value of fuel) -
exempt for not more than 5 years from proposal
date of these rules.
b) Stationary gas turbines using water or steam
injection for control of NOX emissions -
exempt when ice fog is deemed a traffic hazard
by turbine owner or operator.
c) Emergency standby gas turbines, military gas
turbines other than at garrison facilities, and
fire-fighting gas turbines.
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MOST STRINGENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS (CONT)
D. Emission Standards for Sulfur Dioxide (802)
1. Maximum Emission Rate in Exit Gases
0.015$ S02 (by vol., at 15% 02 and on dry
basis)
2. Use of fuel sulfur content in determination of
compliance with subpart D.I. This method may be
utilized in the alternative with a maximum sulfur
content of 0.8$ by weight in any fuel burned by a
gas turbine under such circumstances.
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IX. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY - EFFLUENT
GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), under the authority of
the Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972, has
promulgated effluent limitation guidelines and standards which
have direct applicability to approximately forty specific
categories (e.g. petroleum refineries, fertilizer manufacturing,
plastics and synthetics, chemical manufacturing and coal mining).
Even though there is no specific category directly applicable to
coal conversion facilities (i.e. gasification or liquefaction),
the coal mining category establishes criteria for the coal
preparation plants and associated areas subcategory which
pertains to the preparation and storage of coal.
Listed below are various effluent limitations as related to
various point source categories to illustrate the types and char-
acteristics of effluent limitations which should be considered
within the design of a coal conversion facility.
I. Coal Mining Point Source Category, Coal Preparation Plants
and Associated Areas (40 JFR 434.2 Subpart B, 42 FR 21380,
April 25. 1977)
The provisions of this subpart are applicable to discharges
from coal preparation plants and associated areas related to
the cleaning or beneficiation of coal of any rank, and the
following limitations establish the concentrations of
pollutants which may be discharged after application of the
best practicable control technology currently available.
A. Where discharges are normally acidic prior to treatment:
Effluent
Characteristics Effluent Limitations
Average of Daily
Maximum for Values for 30
Any 1 Day Consecutive Days
Iron (total) 7.0 mg/1 3.5 mg/1
Manganese (total) 4.0 mg/1 2.0 mg/1
TSS 70 mg/1 35 mg/1
pH Within the
range 6.0
to 9.0
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EPA - EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS
B. Where, discharges are normally alkaline prior to
treatment:
Effluent
Characteristics Effluent Limitations
Average of Daily
Maximum for Values for 30
Any 1 Day Consecutive Days
Iron (total) 7.0 mg/1 3.5 mg/1
TSS 70 mg/1 35 mg/1
pH Within the
range 6.0
to 9.0
There is, however, an exception to the above listed
discharge limitations and that is the provision that any
untreated overflow, increase la volume of a point source
discharge, or discharge from a by-pass system from
facilities designed and maintained to contain or treat the
discharges from facilities and areas which would result
from a 10-year 24-hour precipitation event (i.e. the
maximum 24-hour precipitation event with a probable
re-occurence interval of once in 10 years as defined by
the National Weather Service and Technical Paper No. 40)
shall not be subject to the limitations as set forth
above.
C. Definitions.
1. The term "Coal preparation plant", as defined by EPA
regulations, means a facility where coal is crushed,
screened, sized, cleaned, dried, or otherwise prepared
and loaded for transit to a consuming facility.
2. "Coal preparation plant associated areas" means the
coal preparation plant yards, immediate access roads,
slurry ponds, drainage ponds, coal refuse piles and
coal storage piles and facilities.
I. A. Coal Mining Source Category, Coal Preparation Plants and
Associated Areas, PROPOSED RULES (40 CFR 434.25 Subpart
B, 42 FR 46932. September 19. 1977)
The following limitations establish the concentrations of
pollutants which may be discharged bjr a point source sub-
ject to the provisions of thie subpart after application
of the best available demonstrated control technology.
«
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EPA - EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS
A. Discharge of process wastewater pollutants from faci-
lities which recycle wastewater for use in processing
shall not exceed the following limitation:
1. If the discharges from that point source normally
are acidic prior to treatment:
Effluent
Characteristics
Effluent
Limitations
Maximum For
Any One Day
Average of Daily
Values For 30
Consecutive Days
2.
TSS
Iron (Total)
Manganese (Total)
pH
70.0 mg/1
3.5 mg/1
4.0 mg/1
within the range
6.0 to 9.0
35.0 mg/1
3.0 mg/1
2.0 mg/1
If the discharges from that point source normally are
alkaline prior to treament:
Effluent
Characteristics
TSS
Iron (Total)
pH
Effluent
Limitations
Maximum For
Any One Day
70.0 mg/1
3.5 mg/1
within the range
6.0 to 9.0
Average of Daily
Values for 30
Consecutive Days
35.0 mg/1
3.0 mg/1
B. Facilities which do not recycle wastewater for use in
processing shall not discharge process wastewater
pollutants into navigable waters.
C. Exception
Any excess water resulting from rainfall or snow melt,
discharged from facilities designed, constructed, and
maintained to contain or treat the volume of water which
would result from a 10-year 24-hour precipitation event,
shall not be subject to the limitations set forth above.
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EPA - EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS
II.
Petroleum Refining Point Source Category (40 CFR 419 Subpart
B - Cracking Subcategory)
The provisions of this subpart are applicable to all
discharges from any facility which produces petroleum by the
use of topping and cracking, whether or not the facility
includes any process in addition to topping and cracking.
A.
III.
The following are standards of performance for new
sources.
Effluent
Characteristic
Effluent Limitations
(Pounds/1000 bbl Feed Stock)
BODc
TSS
COD
Oil and Grease
Phenolic Compounds
Ammonia as N
Sulfide
Total Chromium
Hexavalent Chromium
PH
Maximum for
Any 1 Day
5.8
4.0
41.5
1.7
0.042
6.6
0.037
0.084
0.0072
Within the
range 6.0
to 9.0
Average of Daily
Values for 30
Consecutive Days
3.1
2.5
21.0
0.93
0.020
3-0
0.017
0.049
0.0032
Secondary Treatment Information (40 CFR 133, 42 FR 54664,
October 7. 1977 _
The following describes the minimum level of effluent quality
attainable by secondary treatment, and is applicable to
publicly owned treatment works.
Condition or Substance
BOD5
Suspended Solids
30 mg/1 (arithmetic mean of
samples collected for 30
consecutive days
45 mg/1 (arithmetic mean of
samples collected for seven
consecutive days
The Regional Administration (or
state) is authorized to adjust
minimum levels of effluent
to conform to the suspended
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EPA - EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS
Suspended Solids (contd.) concentrations achievable with
best waste stabilization pond
technology, provided that 1)
wastes stabilization ponds are the
sole process used for secondary
treatment; 2) the maximum facility
design capacity is two million
gallons per day or less; and 3)
the requirements set forth in 40
CFR 133.101 (b)(1); (b)(2) and
(b)(3) cannot be achieved. (42 FR
54664, October 7, 1977).
IV. Safe Drinking Water Act (December 17, 1974) and Related
Regulations
The National Interim Primary Drinking Water Regulations
establish requirements and related regulations applicable to
public water systems. (40 CFR 141) (42 FR 3574, July 11, 1977)
(See Part VIII of this Action of the report for a complete
synopsis of these regulations.)
A. The applicability of these regulations is to each public
water system unless the public water system meets one of
the following conditions:
1. Consists only of distribution and storage facilities
(and does not have any collection or treatment
facilities);
2. Obtains all of its water from, but is not owned or
operated by, a public water system to which such
regulations apply;
3. Does not sell water to any person; and
4. Is not a carrier which conveys passengers in inter-
state commerce.
B. PROPOSED REGULATIONS under the Safe Drinking Water Act (42
FR 51621, September 19, 1977)
The proposed regulations under this part would establish
procedures for designation of areas where an aquifer is the
sole or principal source of drinking water. Therefore
there are no design criteria proposed under these
regulations.
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EPA - EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS
Suspended Solids (contd.) concentrations achievable with
best waste stabilization pond
technology, provided that 1)
wastes stabilization ponds are the
sole process used for secondary
treatment; 2) the maximum facility
design capacity is two million
gallons per day or less; and 3)
the requirements set forth in 40
CFR 133.101 (b)(1); (b)(2) and
(b)(3) cannot be achieved. (42 FR
54664, October 7, 1977).
IV. Safe Drinking Water Act (December 17, 1974) and Related
Regulations
The National Interim Primary Drinking Water Regulations
establish requirements and related regulations applicable to
public water systems. (40 CFR 141) (42 FR 3574, July 11, 1977)
(See Part X. herein for a complete synopsis of these
regulations.)
A. The applicability of these regulations is to each public
water system unless the public water system meets one of
the following conditions:
1. Consists only of distribution and storage facilities
(and does not have any collection or treatment
facilities);
2. Obtains all of its water from, but is not owned or
operated by, a public water system to which such
regulations apply;
3. Does not sell water to any person; and
4. Is not a carrier which conveys passengers in inter-
state commerce.
B. PROPOSED REGULATIONS under the Safe Drinking Water Act
(42 FR 51621, September 19, 1977)
The proposed regulations under this part would establish
procedures for designation of areas where an aquifer is the
sole or principal source of drinking water. Therefore
there are no design criteria proposed under these
regulations.
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EPA - EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS
V. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Pre-treatment
Standards (40 CFR 128) (Treatment of Wastewaters from
Sources Prior to Introduction into Joint Treatment Works)
These standards would be applicable should an industry
choose to use a publicly served treatment works for its
waste water treatment and if it were considered as a major
contributing industry.
A. Prohibited Wastes
The following wastes shall not be introduced into the
publicly owned treatment works:
1. Wastes which would create a fire or explosion
hazard.
2. Wastes which would cause corrosive structural
damage, but in no case wastes with a pH lower than
5.0 unless the treatment works is designed to
accommodate such wastes.
3. Solid or viscous wastes in amounts to interfere with
the proper operation of the treatment works.
4. Wastes at a flow rate and/or pollutant discharge
rate over short periods of time which would create
treatment process upsets.
B. Pretreatment for Incompatible Pollutants.
In addition to the prohibited wastes, the pretreatment
standards for incompatible pollutants introduced into a
publicly owned treatment works shall be the effluent
limitations guidelines defining best practicable control
technology currently available: Provided that if the
treatment works is committed, in its NPDES permit, to
removing a specified percentage of any incompatible
pollutant, the pretreatment standard shall be
correspondingly reduced for that pollutant, and when
effluent guidelines for each industry category are
promulgated, a provision concerning the application of
such guidelines to pretreatment will be proposed.
VI. NPDES PERMIT
The EPA has a further mechanism by which the discharge of
pollutants from a facility is controlled and that is by the
use of the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination Systems
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EPA - EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS
(NPDES) Permit. Any person who intends to make any discharge to
"navigable waters" (under the definitions almost any water is
considered navigable water) must apply for and receive a NPDES
permit which will set forth the parameters and conditions of
discharges.
These NPDES permits are issued by EPA, except where a state
has received authority from the EPA to administer their own
NPDES permit system. Before a NPDES permit will be issued
the state in which the discharge originates must certify to
the EPA that all discharges will comply with the applicable
effluent limitations.
VII. Proposed EPA Regulations on Hazardous Substances
(Proposed December 30, 1975 - No Final Regulations as of April
15, 1978.)
The Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 prohibits
the unauthorized discharge of oil or hazardous substances in
harmful quantities. On December 30, 1975, the Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) published proposed regulations
pertaining to the categorization of some 300 substances,
including ammonia, benzine, cyanides and phenol, as
hazardous and would establish the "harmful quantity" of each
listed substance. The proposed list of hazardous substances
and the category of each is available upon request from the
writers.
The applicability of these regulations would be to the
unauthorized discharge of harmful quantities of hazardous
substances. EPA has proposed that several hundred sub-
stances be designated as hazardous and has established the
harmful quantity of a hazardous substance on the basis of
the EPA designated toxicity category for the particular
substance. Four toxicity categories and the harmful
quantities would be designated. These proposed categories
and quantity designations are as follows:
Category Respective Range Harmful Quantity (Ibs)
A LC50» Ippm 1.0
B Ippm LC50 lOppm 10
C lOppm LC50 lOOppm 100
D lOOppm LC50 500ppm 500
*LC50 means that concentration of material which is lethal to
one-half of the test population of aquatic animals upon
continuous exposure for 96 hours or less.
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EPA - EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS
VIII.Guidelines for the Land Disposal of Solid Wastes
(40 CFR 241)
These guidelines contain recommendations and requirements
which are applicable to land disposal of all solid material
except for hazardous, agricultural and mining wastes. The
requirement sections set forth minimum levels of performance
required of any solid waste land disposal site. The recom-
mended procedures suggest preferred methods to realize the
objectives of the requirements.
Only those recommended and required provisions applicable to
Air and Water Quality are set forth below.
A. Water Quality.
1. Requirement.
The location, design, construction and operation of
the land disposal site shall conform to the most
stringent of arvlicable water quality standards
established. In the absence of such standards the
land disposal site shall provide adequate protection
to ground and surface waters used as drinking water
supplies.
2. Recommended.
Any disposal plans should include:
a. Current and projected use of water resources.
b. Ground water elevation and movement.
c. Background and initial quality of water resource
in the potential zone of influence of the land
disposal site.
d. Description of soil and other geologic materials
to a depth adequate to allow evaluation of the
quality or protection provided by the soil and
other geologic material.
e. Provision for surface water runoff control.
f. Potential of leachate generation and proposed
control systems for ground and surface water
resources.
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EPA - EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS
g. If a land disposal site is located in a flood
plain, it s,hould be protected against at least
the 50-year design flood by impervious dikes
and other appropriate means so as to prevent the
floodwaters from contacting the solid waste.
h. Surface water courses and runoff should be
diverted by means such as trenches, conduits and
proper grading.
i. Retention basins or other approved methods of
retarding runoff should be used where necessary.
j. Leachate collection and treatment should be used
where necessary.
B. Air Quality
1. Requirement.
a. The design, construction and operation of the
land disposal site shall conform to the appli-
cable ambient air quality standards and source
control regulations or state or local standards
if the latter are more stringent.
b. Decomposition gases generated within the land
disposal site shall be controlled on site as
necessary.
2. Recommended.
a. Dust control measures should be initiated as
necessary.
b. Decomposition gases should not be allowed to
migrate laterally from the land disposal site.
c. Decomposition gases should not be allowed to
concentrtate in a manner that will pose an
explosion or toxicity hazard.
C. Solid Waste Planning and Disposal (Proposed Rules) (42
FR 3W6, July 5, 1977)
These proposed rules solicit comments, prior to publication
of specific proposals for further comments, for:
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EPA - EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS
1. Guidelines for Land Disposal of Solid Waste;
2. Criteria for Classification of Solid Waste Disposal
Facilities;
3. Guidelines for Land Disposal of Municipal
Wastewater Treatment Sludge; and
4. State Planning Guidelines.
These provide no proposed design criteria.
IX. Solid Waste Disposal Act As Amended by the Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976
A. Interim guidelines were published by the Environmental
Protection Agency on May 16, 1977 (42 FR 24926). These
guidelines are to assist state and local governments in
the identification of areas with common waste management
problems (40 CFR 255).
B. These guidelines, which take effect June 15, are for the
purpose of encouraging and facilitating the development
of regional planning for solid waste management, the
identification of solid waste management regions, and of
state and local agencies' responsibilities for putting
together a state solid waste management plan, which is
required for federal assistance under the Solid Waste
Disposal Act. Therefore, the present guidelines as of
October 31, 1977) provide no design criteria.
C. Proposed Rules - Development of Regulations for The
Transportation of Hazardous Waste. (40 CRF 250, 42 FR
51625, September 29, 1977).
1. These proposed rules request certain information to
be supplied and propose no design criteria.
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X. NATIONAL INTERIM PRIMARY DRINKING WATER REGULATIONS
Basis: Code of Federal Regulations, Title 40.
Part 141
Agency: Environmental Protection Agency
Note: 1. These National Interim Primary Drinking
Water Regulations are incorporated into
some of the individual state's water
quality standards, especially subpart B -
Maximum Contaminant Levels.
2. This synopsis does not include the
monitoring and analytical requirements nor
the reporting and record-keeping provisions
of the regulations.
I. APPLICABILITY
A. These regulations apply to each public water system
unless the public water system meets all of the
following conditions:
1. Consists only of distribution and storage
facilities (and does not have any collection and
treatment facilities);
2. Obtains all of its water from, but is not owned
or operated by, a public water system to which
such regulations apply;
3. Does not sell water to any person; and
*l. Is not a carrier which conveys passengers in
interstate commerce.
II. MAXIMUM CONTAMINANT LEVELS
A. Maximum Contaminant Levels for Inorganic Chemicals.
1. Contaminant Maximum Level
mg/1
Arsenic 0.05
Barium 1.0
Cadmium 0.01
Chromium 0.05
Lead 0.05
Mercury 0.002
Nitrate (as N) 10.0
Selenium 0.01
Silver 0.05
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NATIONAL INTERIM PRIMARY DRINKING WATER REGULATIONS
II. MAXIMUM CONTAMINANT LEVELS (CONTD.)
2. Fluoride
Temperature, °F Maximum Level
mg/1
53.7 and below 2.4
53.8 to 58.3 2.2
58.4 to 63.8 2.0
63.9 to 70.6 1.8
70.7 to 79.2 1.6
79.3 to 90.5 1.4
III. MAXIMUM CONTAMINANT LEVELS FOR ORGANIC CHEMICALS
The levels for organic chemicals are very specific and
the detailed regulations should be consulted where
appropriate to determine applicability.
IV. MAXIMUM CONTAMINANT T"VELS FOR TURBIDITY
A. One Turbidity Unit (TU), as determined by a monthly
average, except that five or fewer turbidity units
may be allowed if it can be demonstrated that the
higher turbidity does not do any of the following:
1. Interfere with disinfection;
2. Prevent maintenance of an effective disinfecant
agent throughout the distribution systems; or
3. Interfere with microbiological determinations .
B. Five turbidity units based on an average for two
consecutive days.
V. MAXIMUM MICROBIOLOGICAL CONTAMINANT LEVELS
A. Coliform Bacteria
1. When the membrane filter technique is used the
number of coliform bacteria shall not exceed the
following:
a. 1/100 ml as the arithmetic mean of all samples
examined per month.
b. 4/100 ml in more than one sample when less
than 20 are examined per month; or
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NATIONAL INTERIM PRIMARY DRINKING WATER REGULATIONS
V. MAXIMUM MICROBIOLOGICAL CONTAMINANT LEVELS (CONTD.)
c. 4/100 ml'in more than five percent of the
samples when 20 or more are examined per
month.
2. When the fermentation tube method and 10 milli-
liter standard portions are used, coliform bacteria
shall not be present in any of the following:
a. More than 10 percent of the portions in any
month;
b. Three or more portions in more than one sample
when less than 20 samples are examined per
month; or
c. Three or more portions in more than five percent
of the samples when 20 or more samples are exa-
mined per month.
3. When the fermentation tube method and 100 milliter
standard portions are used, coliform bacteria shall
not be present in any of the following:
a. More than 60 percent of the portions in any
month;
b. Five portions in more than one sample when less
than five samples are examined per month; or
c. Five portions in more than 20 percent of the
samples when five or more samples are examined
per month.
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XI. U.S. PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE DRINKING WATER STANDARDS. 1962
Agency: U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare,
Public Health Service
Note: Only a brief synopsis of the standards of
general applicability are presented herein.
Where specific criteria pertaining to areas
such as bacteriological quality and radio-
activity limitations are necessary the
complete standards should be consulted.
I. CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS
A. The following chemical substances should not be
present in a water supply in excess of the listed
concentrations:
Substance Concentration
In Mg/1
Alkyl Benzene Sulfonate (ABS) 0.5
Arsenic (As) 0.01
Chloride (Cl) 250
Copper (Cu) 1.0
Carbon Chloroform Extract (CCE) 0.2
Cyanide (CN) 0.01
Fluoride (see B
below)
Iron (Fe) 0.3
Manganese (Mn) 0.05
Nitrate (N03) 250
Phenols 0.001
Sulfate (S0j,) 250
Total Dissolved Solids 500
Zinc (Zn) .5
B. Fluoride
When fluoride is naturally present in drinking
water the concentration should not average more
than the appropriate upper limit in the following
table. Presence of fluoride in average concentra-
tions greater than two times the optimum values in
the following table shall constitute grounds for
rejection of the supply.
Where fluoridation (supplementation of fluoride in
drinking water) is practiced, the average fluoride
concentration shall be kept within the upper and
lower control limits as shown from the table on the
following page:
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U.S. PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE DRINKING WATER STANDARDS. 1962
Annual Average of Maximum
Daily Air Temperatures1
Recommended Control Limits
Fluoride Concentration in
mg/1
50.0
53.8
58.4
63.9
70.7
79.3
- 53.7
- 58.3
- 63.8
- 70.6
- 79.2
- 90.5
0.9
0.8
0.8
0.7
0.7
0.6
1.2
1. 1
1.0
0.9
0.8
0.7
— «• *• —•_
1. 7
1.5
1.3
1.2
1.0
0.8
Based on temperature data obtained for a minimum of five"
years.
Fluoridation and defluoridation supplies shall be sampled
with sufficient frequency to determine that the desired
fluoride concentration is maintained.
C. The presence of the following substances in excess of
the concentrations listed shall constitute grounds for
rejection of the water supply:
Concentration in
Substance
Arsenic (As)
Barium (Ba)
Cadmium (Cd)
Chromium (Hexavalent) (Cr+&)
Cyanide (CN)
Fluoride
Lead (Pb)
Selenium (Se)
Silver (Ag)
II. PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS
A. Limits
Drinking water should contain no impurity which would
cause offense to the sense of sight, taste or smell.
Under general use, the following limits should not be
exceeded.
0.05
1.0
0.01
0.05
0.2
(See B above)
0.05
0.01
0.05
Turbidity
Color
Threshold Odor Number
5 Units
15 Units
3
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XII. FEDERAL EMISSION STANDARDS - STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR
STATIONARY SOURCES
I. Standards of Performance for Coal Preparation Plants
(HO CFR, Part 60.250)
A. Particulate Matter
1. Maximum Concentration from any Thermal Dryer
0.031 gr/DSCF effluent gas
2. Maximum Concentration from any Pneumatic Coal
Cleaning Equipment
0.018 gr/DSCF effluent gas
B. Visible Emissions (Opacity)
1. Maximum Visible Emissions from any Thermal Dryer
20% Opacity
2. Maximum Visible Emissions from any Pneumatic Coal
Cleaning Equipment
10? Opacity
II. Standards of Performance for Fossil-Fuel Fired Steam Gene-
rators (40 CFR, Part 60.40)
A. Affected Facilities: Fossil-fuel fired stream generat-
ing units of more than 250 MM Btu/hr heat input.
B. Definitions
1. "Fossil fuel": means natural gas, petroleum, coal,
and any form of solid, liquid, or gaseous fuel
derived from such materials to create useful heat.
2. "Fossil-fuel fired steam generator" means a furnace
or boiler used in the process of burning fossil fuel
to produce steam by heat transfer.
3. "Coal" means all solid fuels classified as
anthracite, bituminous, subbituminous or lignite by
the American Society for Testing Material.
Designation D388-66.
C. Particulate Matter
1. Maximum Emission Rate
0.10 Ib/MM Btu heat input derived from the
fossil fuel.
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FEDERAL EMISSION STANDARDS - STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR
STATIONARY SOURCES
II. Standards of Performance for Fossil-Fuel Fired Steam
Generators (Contd.)
D. Visible Emissions
1. Maximum Emission Standard
2Q% opacity; however, an opacity of 27$ is
permissible for not more than 6 minutes in any
hour.
E. Sulfur Dioxide (S02)
1. Maximum SOg Emission Rate
a) Liquid fossil fuel fired: 0.80 Ib/MM Btu heat input
b) Solid fossil fuel fired: 1.2 Ib/MM Btu heat input
c) For any combination of liquid and solid fossil fuels
burned simultaneously use:
E = (0.8Y+1.2Z)/(Y+Z)
where: E is the maximum allowable S02 rate
in Ib/MM Btu total heat input; and Y is
the % of the total heat input derived
from liqui'd fossil fuel; and Z is the %
of total heat input derived from solid
fossil fuel.
Compliance shall be determined by use of the total
heat input from all fossil fuels burned, including
gaseous fuels.
F. Nitrogen Oxides (NOX)
1. Maximum NOV Emission Rate (expressed as NO?)
a) Gaseous fossil fuel fired:
b)
c)
0.20 Ib/MM Btu heat input
Liquid fossil fuel fired: 0.30 Ib/MM Btu heat input
Solid fossil fuel fired: 0.70 Ib/MM Btu heat input
(except lignite or a solid fossil fuel
containing 25%, by weight, or more of
coal refuse*)
d) Lignite fired: 0.60 Ib/MM Btu heat input
e) Lignite fired (where lignite is mined in N. Dakota
S. Dakota or Montana and burned in a cyclone-fired
unit): 0.80 Ib/MM Btu heat input
f) For any combination of gaseous, liquid, and solid
fossil fuels burned simultaneously use**:
E = (0.2X+0.3Y+0.72+0.6W)/(X+Y+Z+W)
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FEDERAL EMISSION STANDARDS - STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR
STATIONARY SOURCES
II. Standards of Performance for Fossil-Fuel Fired Steam
Generators (Contd.)
where: E is the maximum allowable NOX rate in
lb(expressed as N02)/MM Btu total heat
input; and X is the % of the total heat input
derived from gaseous fossil fuel; Y is the %
of total heat input derived from liquid
fossil fuel; Z is the % of total heat input
derived from solid fossil fuel (except
lignite or a solid fossil fuel containing
25%, by weight, or more of coal refuse*);
and W is the % of total heat input derived
from lignite.
* When a solid fossil fuel containing 25% by weight, or more,
of coal refuse is burned in combination with gaseous, liquid,
or other solid fossil fuel, the standard for nitrogen oxides
does not apply.
**Cyclone-fired units which burn fuels containing at least 25
percent of lignite that is mined in N. Dakota, S. Dakota,
or Montana remain subject to l.e) regardless of the types of
fuel combusted in combination with that lignite.
III. Standards of Performance for Incinerators (40 CFR, Part
60.50)
A. Affected facilities: Incinerators of more than 50 T/D (24
hours) charging rate.
B. Definitions
1. "Incinerator" means any furnace used for burning solid
waste for the purpose of reducing the waste volume by
removing combustible matter.
2. "Solid Waste" means refuse, more than 50 percent of
which consists of a mixture of paper, wood, yard wastes,
food wastes, plastics, leather, rubber, and other
combustibles, and noncombustibles such as glass and
rock.
C. Maximum Particulate Matter Emission Rate
0.08 gr/DSCF, corrected to 12$ C02
77
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FEDERAL EMISSION STANDARDS - STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR
STATIONARY SOURCES
IV. Standards of Performance for Storage Vessels for Petroleum
Liquids (40 CFR. Part 60.110)
A. Affected facilities: This subpart shall be applicable to
each storage vessel for petroleum liquids which has a
storage capacity greater than 40,000 gallons. This subpart
shall not be applicable to such storage vessels utilized
for storage, processing, and/or treating at a production
facility prior to custody transfer.
B. Definitions
1. "Storage Vessel" means any tank, reservoir, or contain-
er used for storage of petroleum liquids, but does not
include:
a) Pressure vessels designed to operate in excess of 15
pounds per square inch gauge without emissions to the
atmosphere except under emergency conditions,
b) Subsurface caverns or porous rock reservoirs, or
c) Underground tanks if the total volume of petroleum
liquids added to and taken from a tank annually does
not exceed twice the volume of the tank.
2. "Petroleum" means the crude oil removed from the earth
and the oils derived from tar sands, shale, and coal.
3. "Petroleum liquids" means petroleum, condensate, and anv
finished or intermediate products manufactured in a
petroleum refinery but does not mean Number 2 through
Number 6 fuel oils as specified in A.S.T.M. D 396-69
gas turbine fuel oils Numbers 2-GT through 4-GT as '
specified in A.S.T.M. D 2880-71, or diesel fuel oils
Numbers 2-D and 4-D as specified in A.S.T.M. D 965-68.
4. "Petroleum Refinery" means any facility engaged in
producing gasoline, kerosene, distillate fuel oils,
residual fuel oils, lubricants, or other products
through distillation of petroleum or through
redistillation, cracking or reforming of unfinished
petroleum derivatives.
5. "Custody transfer" means the transfer of produced
petroleum and/or condensate, after processing and/or
treating in the producing operations, from storage
tanks or automatic transfer facilities to pipelines or*
any other forms of transportation.
•78
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FEDERAL EMISSION STANDARDS - STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR
STATIONARY SOURCES
IV. Standards of Performance for Storage Vessels for Petroleum
Liquids (40 CFR, Part 60.110) (Contd.)
C. Hydrocarbons. Petroleum liquids shall be stored in
affected storage vessels or facilities as follows:
1. If the true vapor pressure of the petroleum liquid, as
stored, is equal to or greater than 1.5 psia but not
greater than 11.1 psia, the storage vessel shall be
equipped with a floating roof, a vapor recovery system,
or the equivalent thereof.
2. If the true vapor pressure of the petroleum liquid is
greater than 11.1 psia, the storage vessel shall be
equipped with a vapor recovery system or its equivalent.
V. Standards of Performance for Petroleum Refineries
(40 CFR. Part 60.100)
A. Affected facilitie": The provisions of this subpart are
applicable to flui^ catalytic cracking unit catalyst
regenerators, fuel gas combustion devices, and all Claus
sulfur recovery plants except Claus plants of 20 long tons
per day (LTD) or less associated with a small petroleum
refinery. The Claus sulfur recovery plant need not be
physically located within the boundaries of a petroleum
refinery to be an affected facility, provided it processes
gases produced within a petroleum refinery.
B. Definitions
1. "Petroleum" means crude oil removed from the earth and
the oils derived from tar sands, shale, and coal.
2. "Petroleum refinery" means any facility engaged in
producing gasoline, kerosene, distillate fuel oils,
residual fuel oils, lubricants, or other products
through distillation of petroleum or through
redistillation, cracking or reforming of unfinished
petroleum derivatives.
3. "Fuel gas combustion device" means any equipment, such
as process heaters, boilers, and flares used to combust
fuel gas but does not include fluid coking unit and
fluid catalytic cracking unit incinerator-waste heat
boilers or facilities in which gases are combusted to
produce sulfur or sulfuric acid.
4. "Process upset gas" means any gas generated by a
petroleum refinery process unit as a result of startup,
shut-down, upset or malfunction.
79
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FEDERAL EMISSION STANDARDS - STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR
STATIONARY SOURCES __ '
V. Standards of Performance for Petroleum Refineries
(40 GFR. Part 60.. 100) (Contd.)
5. "Claus sulfur recovery plant" means a process unit which
recovers sulfur from hydrogen sulfide by a vapor-phase
catalytic reaction of sulfur dioxide and hydrogen
sulfide.
6. "Oxidation control system" means an emission control
system which reduces emissions from sulfur recovery
plants by converting these emissions to sulfur dioxide.
7. "Reduction control systems" means an emission control
system which reduces emissions from sulfur recovery
plants by converting these emissions to hydrogen
sulfide.
8. "Reduced sulfur compounds" mean hydrogen sulfide
(H2S), carbonyl sulfide (POS) and carbon disulfide
(CS2).
9. "Small petroleum refinery" means a petroleum refinery
which has a crude oil processing capacity of 50,000
barrels per stream day or less, and which is owned or
controlled by a refinery with a total combined crude oil
processing capacity of 137,500 barrels per stream day or
less.
C. Emission Standards for Particulate Matter and Visible
Emissions
1. The following discharges into the atmosphere from any
fluid catalytic cracking unit catalyst regenerator are
prohibited:
a) Particulate Matter
in excess of 1.0 lb/1000 Ib of coke burn-off
in catalyst regenerator
b) Visible Emissions
30% opacity or greater, except for 6 minutes
in any hour
2. Where auxiliary liquid or solid fossil fuels are burned
in the fluid catalytic cracking unit incinerator-waste
heat boiler, particulate matter in excess of that
permitted in subpart B.1.a above may be emitted to the
atmosphere, except that the rate shall not exceed 0.10
Ib/million Btu of heat input attributable to such liquid
or solid fuel.
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FEDERAL EMISSION STANDARDS - STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR
STATIONARY SOURCES
D. Carbon Monoxide (CO) Standards
The carbon monoxide content of any gases discharged to the
atmosphere from the fluid catalytic cracking unit catalyst
regenerator shall not be excess of 0.050 percent by volume.
E. Sulfur Dioxide Standards
1. Fuel Gas Combustion Devices
Any fuel gas containing H2S in excess of 0.10
gr/DSCF shall not be burned in any fuel gas combustion
de/ice. However, the exhaust gases from the combustion
of fuel gas may be treated in a manner which limits the
emission of S02 if it is shown to the satisfaction
of the Administrator of the Environmental Protection
Agency that this prevents SOp emissions as
effectively as compliance with the above limitation on
H2 concentration in the fuel gas.
2. Exemption for Process Upset Gases
The combustion of process upset gas in a flare, or the
combustion of process or fuel gas in a flare as a result
of relief valve leakage is exempt from the requirements
of subsection E.1. above.
3. Glaus Sulfur Recovery Plants
No discharge shall be allowed of any gases to the
atmosphere containing in excess of:
a) 0.025? (vol.) of S02 at 0.0$ 02> dry basis,
where emissions are controlled by an oxidation
control system, or a reduction control system
followed by incineration, or
b) 0.030$ (vol.) of reduced sulfur compounds and 0.001$
(vol.) of H2S calculated as S02, at 0.0$
02, on a dry basis, if emissions are controlled
by a reduction control system not followed by
incineration.
VI. Standards of Performance for Stationary Gas Turbines*
A. Affected facilities: This subpart shall be applicable to
all stationary gas turbines with a heat input at peak load
equal to or greater than 10.7 gigojoules per hour, based on
the lower heating value of the fuel fired.
•Proposed addition to 40 CFR Part 60; 42 FR 53782, October 3, 1977.
81
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FEDERAL EMISSION STANDARDS - STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR
__ STATIONARY SOURCES
VI. Standards of Performance for Stationary Gas Turbines (Contd.)
B. Definitions
1. "Stationary gas turbine" means any simple cycle gas tur
bine, regenerative cycle gas turbine or any gas turbine"
portion of a combined cycle steam/electric generating
system that is not self-propelled. It may, however, be
mounted on a vehicle for portability.
2. "Simple cycle gas turbine" means any stationary gas
turbine which does not recover heat from the gas
turbine exhaust gases to preheat the inlet combustion
air to the gas turbine, or which does not recover heat
from the gas turbine exhaust gases to heat water or
generate steam.
3. "Regenerative cycle gas turbine" mean any stationary
gas turbine which recovers heat from the gas turbine
exhaust gases to preheat the inlet combustion air to
the gas turbine.
4. "Combined cycle gas turbine" means any stationary gas
turbine which recovers heat from the gas turbine
exhaust gases to heat water or generate steam.
5. "Emergency gas turbine" means any stationary gas
turbine which operates as a mechanical or electrical
power source only when the primary power source for a
facility has been rendered inoperable by an emergency
situation.
6. "Ice fog" means an atmospheric suspension of highly
reflective ice crystals.
7. "Peak load" means 100 percent of the nanufacturer's
design capacity of the gas turbine.
8. "Base load" means the load level at which a gas turbine
is normally operated.
9. "Fire-fighting turbine" means any stationary gas
turbine that is used primarily to pump water for
extinguishing fires.
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FEDERAL EMISSION STANDARDS - STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR
STATIONARY SOURCES
VI. Standards of Performance for Stationary Gas Turbines (Contd.)
C. Emission Standards for Nitrogen Oxides (NOX)
1 . Gas turbines with heat rate at peak load _> 14.4
kilojoules per watt hr (lower heating value of fuel).
NOX emissions, E, in exit gases not to exceed:
E = 0.0075 + F
where:
E = maximum NOX emissions in % by volume
(at 15% Op and on dry basis)
F = NOX emission allowance for fuel bound
nitrogen as defined in subpart C.3. below
2. Gas turbines with heat rate at peak load < 14.4
kilojoules per watt hr (lower heating value of fuel.
NOV emissions. E. in exit gases not to exceed
1 = 0.0075 llli
Y + F
where:
E = maximum NOX emissions in % by volume
(at 15/S Og and on dry basis)
Y s manufacturer's rated heat duty at peak load
in kilojoules per watt hour.
F = NOX emission allowance for fuel bound
nitrogen as defined in C.3. below.
3. The term F shall be defined according to the nitrogen
content of the fuel as follows:
Fuel Bound N» F
(% by Wt) (NOy % by vol.)
N <. 0.015 0
0.015 < N < 0.1 0.04 (N)
0.1 < N < "0.25 0.004 + 0.0067 (N-Oil)
N < 0.25 0.005
•N = Weight % nitrogen in the fuel
4. Exemptions from NOX Emission Standards
a) Stationary gas turbines with a heat input at peak
load of 107.2 gigajoules per hour (100. MM Btu/hr) or
less (lower heating value of fuel) - exempt for not
more than 5 years from proposal date of these rules.
83
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FEDERAL EMISSION STANDARDS - STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR
STATIONARY SOURCES
VI. Standards of Performance for Stationary Gas Turbines (Contd.)
b) Stationary gas turbines using water or steam
injection for control of NOX emissions - exempt
when ice fog is deemed a traffic hazard by turbine
owner or operator.
c) Emergency standby gas turbines, military gas turbines
other than at garrison facilities, and fire-fighting
gas turbines.
D. Emission Standards for Sulfur Dioxide (S02)
1. Maximum Emission Rate in Exit Gases
0.015? S02 (by vol., at 15% 02 and on dry basis)
2. Use of fuel sulfur content as alternative in determina-
tion of compliance with subpart D.1. This method may be
utilized in the alternative with a maximum sulfur con-
tent of 0.8% by weight in any fuel burned by a gas tur-
bine under such circumstances. ""
XIII. NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS
I. National Emission Standard for Mercury (40 CFR. Part 61.50)
A. Definitions
1. "Mercury" means the element mercury, excluding any
associated elements, and includes mercury in particulate
vapors, aerosols, and compounds. *
2. "Sludge" means sludge produced by a treatment plant that
processes municipal or industrial waste waters.
B. Emission standard. Emissions to the atmosphere from sludge
incineration plants, sludge plants, or combinations of these
that process wastewater treatment plant sludges shall not
exceed 7.05 pounds of mercury per 24-hour period.
II. National Emission Standard for Beryllium (40 CFR, Part 61.30)
A. Definitions
1. "Beryllium" means the element beryllium. Where weights
or concentrations are specified, such weights or
concentrations apply to beryllium only, excluding the
weight or concentration of any associated elements.
84
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NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS
II. National Emission Standard for Beryllium (MO CFR, Part 61.30)
(Contd.)
B. Affected Facilities
1. Extraction plants, ceramic plants, foundries, incinera-
tors, and propellant plants which process beryllium ore,
beryllium, beryllium oxide, beryllium alloys, or beryl-
lium-containing waste.
C. Standards
1. Emissions to the atmosphere from stationary sources
subject to this provision shall not exceed 10 grams of
beryllium over a 24-hour period.
85
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XIV. NATIONAL AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS
(40 CFR Part 50)
Pollutant
Primary Standards
Secondary Standards
Sulfur Oxides
(measured as
sulfur dioxide)
80 ugm/ra3 (aam)*
0.03
365 ugra/ra3
0.14 ppra (24 hr)1
1300 ugra/m3
0.50 ppra (3 hr)1
Particulate
75 ugm/m3 (agm)*
260 ugm/m3 (24 hr)1
60 ugm/m3 (agm)»
(guide for 24 hr std)
150 ugm/m (24 hr)l
Carbon
Monoxide
10 mgm/m3 (8 hr)1
9 ppm
40 mgm/m3 (1 hr)1
35 ppm
10 mgm/m3 (8 hr)1
9 ppm
^ "" ^ "™ •" ^ ^ •• ^ ^ ^ ^,
40 mgm/m3 (1 hr)1
35 ppm
Photochemical
Oxidants
160 ugm/m3 (1 hr)1
0.08 ppm
160 ugm/m3 (1 hr)1
0.08 ppm
Nonmethane 160 gm/m3 (3 hr)1' 2
Hydrocarbons (as 0.24 ppm
guide for oxidant
stds)
160 gm/m3 (3 hr)1* 2
0.24 ppm
Nitrogen Oxide 100 gm/m3 (aam)1
(measured as 0.05 ppm
nitrogen dioxide)
100 gm/m3 (aam)»
0.05 ppm
1 - concentration not to be exceeded more than once a year.
2 - 6:00 a.m. to 9:00 a.m.
* - aam = annual arithmetic mean; agm = annual geometric mean
40 C.F.R. Part 50
86
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AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS - SELECTED STATES
STATE AMBIENT AIR STANDARDS CLOSELY PARALLELING NATIONAL
STANDARDS
A. Alabama
Adopts current National Standards.
B. Alaska
1. Standards for contaminants covered by National
Standards are the same as those standards except for
the following changes:
a) Sulfur Oxides
The National secondary standard is adopted as one
of the sulfur oxide primary standards
(1300 ug/m^, 3 hr average, not to be exceeded
more than once per year).
b) Particulate - Primary Standards
60 ug/mB, annual geometric mean;
150 ug/mB, 24 hr average, not to be exceeded
more than once per year
(these standards adopted are identical to the
National secondary standards)
2. Additional contaminant ambient standards are as
follows:
a) Reduced Sulfur Compounds - Primary Standard
50 ug/m3f 30 min. average, not to be exceeded
more than once per year.
C. Idaho
Standards for contaminants covered by the National
Standards are the same as those standards. Additional
contaminant ambient standards are as follows:
1. Settleable Particulates - Primary and Secondary
Standards.
0.8 mg/cm2/mo, not to be exceeded more than 25% of
the time.
2. Beryllium - Primary and Secondary Standards.
0.01 ug/nP, max. 24 hr avg., not to be exceeded
more than once a year.
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STATE AMBIENT AIR STANDARDS CLOSELY PARALLELING NATIONAL
STANDARDS (CONTD)
C. Idaho (Contd.)
3. Sulfuric acid mist - Primary and Secondary Standards.
a) 12 ug/m3, max. 24 hr concentration, not to be
exceeded more than once per month.
b) 30 ug/m3, max. 1 hr concentration, not to be
exceeded more than twice per week.
4. Fluorides - Primary and Secondary Standards
Standards are those concentrations in the ambient air
which will result in a total fluoride content in
vegetation used for feed and forage of no more than:
a) 40 ppm, dry basis, annual arith. mean;
b) 60 ppm, dry basis, -nonthly average concen. for two
consecutive months;
c) 80 ppm, dry basis, monthly average concen. never
to be exceeded.
D. Illinois
Standards match current National Standards exactly. (Does
not designate secondary standards for CO, photochemical
oxidants, hydrocarbons, or NOX; however, there is no
difference in the primary and secondary National Standards
for these.)
E. Indiana
Standards match National Standards exactly except that no
secondary standard yearly average is shown as a guide for
the 24 hr secondary standard for particulates.
F. Kansas
Incorporates current National Standards by absence of
language designating ambient air standards.
88
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I. STATE AMBIENT AIR STANDARDS CLOSELY PARALLELING NATIONAL
STANDARDS (CONTD)
G. Kentucky
Standards match National Standards exactly. Additional
contaminant ambient standards are as follows:
1. Settleable particulates (total water solubles and
insolubles)
15 T/mi^/mo., maximum 3 mo average, not to be
exceeded more than once/year.
2. Particulate Matter - Soiling index (LF = linear feet)
a) Primary standard. 6.0 COH/1000 LF, max. 24 hr avg,
not to be exceeded more than once/yr.
b) Secondary standard
0.4 COH/1000 LF, annual arithmetic mean;
0.5 COH/1000 LF, max. 3 mo. avg., not to be
exceeded more than once/yr;
0.3 COH/1000 LF, max. 24 hr. avg., not to be
exceeded more than once/year.
H. Missouri
Incorporates current National Standards for outstate area
(absence of relevant language has this effect)
I. Pennsylvania
Incorporates current National Standards by reference.
Additional contaminant ambient standards are as follows:
89
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Contaminant Concentration Averaged Over
2 3
Settle Participate 0.8 mg/cm /mo 1.5 mg/cm /mo
1 Year 30 Days 24 Hours 1 Hour
Articulate 0.8
(total)
Lead. — 1.5 ug/m
(three-month average)
Beryllium — 0.01 ug/m
Sulfates (as H2$04) — 10 ug/m3 30 ug/m3
Fluorides (total — — 5 ug/m
soluble, as HF)
H2S — — 0.005 ppm 0.1 ppm
-------
I. STATE AMBIENT AIR STANDARDS CLOSELY PARALLELING NATIONAL
STANDARDS (CONTD)
J. Texas
Incorporates current National Standards by reference.
Additional contaminant ambient standards (primary) are as
follows:
1. Beryllium
0.01 ug/m^j 24 hr average.
2. Inorganic Fluoride Compounds
a) Gaseous Inorganic Fluorides (calculated as HF)
4.5 ppb (vol7), 12 hr. average;
3.5 ppb (vol.), 24 hr. average;
2.0 ppb (v 1.), 7 day average;
1.0 ppb (vol.), 30 day average;
b) Inorganic Fluorides In or On Forage (Type D Land
Use Areas only calculated as fluoride ion)
40 ppra (wt.), 12 mo.average
(sample taken once/mo.);
60 ppm (wt.), 3 mo. average
(sample taken once/mo.);
80 ppm (wt.), 2 mo. average
(sample taken once/mo.).
K. Utah.
Incorporates current National Standards.
L. Virginia.
Standards match current National Standards exactly.
M. West Virginia
Standards match current National Standards exactly.
91
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II. STATE AMBIENT STANDARDS DIFFERING FROM NATIONAL STANDARDS IN
AT LEAST SOME SIGNIFICANT ASPECTS.
A. Colorado
Changes or additions as to contaminants covered by the
National Standards are as follows:
1. Sulfur Dioxide - Primary Standard
60 ug/ra3 (.021 ppm), annual arith. mean;
260 ug/m3 (.091 ppm), 24 hr average, not to be
exceeded more than once per yr.;
1300 ug/m3 (.455 ppm) 3 hr average, not to be
exceeded more than once per year.
2. Particulate -
45 ug/m3 annual arith. mean;
150 ug/nP, 24 hr average, not to be exceeded more
than once per year.
B. Montana
1. National Standards for carbon monoxide, photochemical
oxidants, nonmethane hydrocarbons, and nitrogen oxides
are in effect (absence of reference to these has this
effect).
2. Other state ambient standards for contaminants for
which National Standards exist.
a) Sulfur Dioxide
0.02 ppm, maximum annual average;
0.10 ppm, 24 hr average, not to be exceeded for
more than 1 hr in any 4 consecutive days;
b) Suspended Particulates
75 ug/nH,annual geometric mean (same as
National Standards);
200 ug/m3, 24 hr average, not to be exceeded
more than 1$ of days/yr.
92
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II. STATE AMBIENT STANDARDS DIFFERING FROM NATIONAL STANDARDS IN
AT LEAST SOME SIGNIFICANT ASPECTS (CONTD.)
B. Montana (Contd.)
3. Other contaminant ambient standards are as follows:
a) Lead
5.0 ug/m3, 30 day average
b) Beryllium
0.01 ug/m3, 30 day average
c) Settled Particulates (dustfall)
residential areas -IST/mi^/mo, 3 mo. average;
heavy industrial areas - 30T/mi2/mo, 3 mo.
average;
d) Fluorides (Total, as HF)
1 ppb, 2*J hr average
e) Fluorides (as F)
in forage for animal consumption - 35 ppm, dry
weight basis
f) Fluorides (gaseous)
0.3 ug/cm^/28 days (calcium formate paper
measurement technique)
g) Reactive Sulfur (Sulfgtion)
0.25 mg of SO^/IOO cm'2/day, max. annual
average;
0.50 mg of 303/100 cm2/day, max. 1 mo.
average
h) Suspended Sulfate
4.0 ug/m3f max. annual average;
12.0 ug/m3, not to be exceeded over *\% of the
time
i) Sulfuric Acid Mist
4.0 ug/m3f max. annual average;
12.0 ug/m3, not to be exceeded over 15t of the
time;
30.0 ug/m3, hourly average, not to be exceeded
over ]% of the time
j) Hydrogen Sulfide
0.03 ppm, 1/2 hr average, not to be exceeded more
than twice in any 5 consecutive days;
0..05 ppm, 1/2 hr average, not to be exceeded over
twice a year
93
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II. STATE AMBIENT STANDARDS DIFFERING FROM NATIONAL STANDARDS IN
AT LEAST SOME SIGNIFICANT ASPECTS (CONTD.)
C. New Mexico
Changes or additions as to contaminants covered by the
National Standards are as follows (all primary
standard as no primary/secondary designation made)
a) Sulfur Oxides
0.02 ppm (a.a.m.);
0.10 ppm, 24 hr average
b) Participates
150 ug/m3, 24 hr average;
110 ug/m3, 7 day average;
90 ug/m3, 30 day average;
60 ug/m3, annual geometric mean
c) Carbon Monoxide
8.7 ppm, 8 hr average;
13.1 ppm, 1 hr average
d) Photochemical Oxidants
0.06 ppm, 1 hr average
e) Nonmethane Hydrocarbons
0.19 ppm, 3 hr average
f) Nitrogen Dioxide
0.10 ppm, 24 hr average
Other contaminant ambient standards are as follows (no
separate primary and secondary standards designated)
a) Hydrogen Sulfide
0.003 ppm, 1 hr average
b) Total Reduced Sulfur
0.003 ppm, 1 hr average, including
94
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II. STATE AMBIENT STANDARDS DIFFERING FROM NATIONAL STANDARDS IN
AT LEAST SOME SIGNIFICANT ASPECTS (CONTD.)
New Mexico (Contd.)
c) Maximum allowable concentration of certain
elements present in total suspended particulates.
i) Beryllium - 0.01 ug/m^ 30 day average
ii) Asbestos - 0.01 ug/m3f 30 day average
iii) heavy metals (total) - 10 ug/m3f 30 day
average
d) Soiling Index
0.4 cobs/1000 linear feet of air, annual average
D. Ohio
Changes or additions as to contaminants covered by the
National Standards are as follows:
1. Sulfur Oxides - Primary Standards
60 ug/ra3 (aara; 0.02 ppra, by vol.);
260 ug/m3 (0.10 ppm, by vol.), not to be exceeded
more than one year.
2. Suspended Particulates - Primary Standards
60 ug/m3 (agm);
150 ug/m3f 24 hr average, not to be exceeded more
than once per yr.
3. Photochemical Oxidants - Primary Standards
119 ug/m3 (0.06 ppm), 1 hr average;
79 ug/m3 (0.04 ppm), 4 hr arithmetic mean, not to
be exceeded more than once per yr;
40 ug/m3 (0.02 ppm), 24 hr arithmetic mean, not to
be exceeded more than once per yr.
4. Nonmethane Hydrocarbons - Primary Standards
126 ug/m3 (0.19 ppm), 3 hr arithmetic mean,
between the hours of 6:00 A.M. and 9:00 A.M.;
33 ug/m3 (0.50 ppm), 24 hr arithmetic mean, not to
be exceeded more than once per yr.
95
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II. STATE AMBIENT STANDARDS DIFFERING FROM NATIONAL STANDARDS IN
AT LEAST SOME SIGNIFICANT ASPECTS (CONTD.)
E. Oklahoma
1. Incorporates National Ambient Air Quality Standards
for all of the contaminants covered therein.
2. Non-significant Deterioration Standard (NSD). Addi-
tional standards have also been adopted to ensure that
new sources will not cause or allow excessive degrada-
tion of present air quality. These standards define
what is considered excessive degradation and function
as tertiary standards for all major new point sources
applying for a construction permit and emitting or
capable of emitting particulates or sulfur oxides.
a) The NSD increment standards limitations on in-
crease in concentration over unknown baseline
concentrations) established are as follows:
Sulfur Dioxide - Increment
650 ug/m3, 3 hr average;
130 ug/m3, 24 hr average;
30 ug/m3, annual average
Particulates - Increment
55 ug/m3, 24 hr average;
15 ug/m3, annual average
b) Further, maximum increments shown on permit appli.
cations which will trigger Air Council review of
the situation are as follows:
Sulfur Dioxide - Increment
100 ug/m3, 24 hr average;
15 ug/ra3, annual average
Particulates - Increment
30 ug/m3, 24 hr average;
10 ug/ra3, annual average
c) An accounting procedure utilizing statistical dis-
persion modeling to track increases and decreases"
in the concentration of the relevant contaminants
in the ambient air must be implemented in order to
enforce increment standards in subsection 2.
96
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II. STATE AMBIENT STANDARDS DIFFERING FROM NATIONAL STANDARDS IN
AT LEAST SOME SIGNIFICANT ASPECTS. (CONTD.)
F. Tennessee
Sulfur Dioxide - Secondary Standards
1. Standards match current National Standards exactly
except that additional secondary standards for sulfur
dioxide are added as follows:
a) 60 ug/m^ (0.02 ppm, vol.), maximum annual
arithmetic mean
b) 364 ug/m3 (0.139 ppm, vol.), maximum 24 hr
average
2. Other contaminant ambient standards are as follows:
a) Gaseous Fluorides (Expressed as HF)
Primary and secondary standards (not to be
exceeded more than once per year):
1.2 ug/m3 (1.5 ppb, vol.) max. 30 day average;
1.6 ug/m3 (2.0 ppb, vol.) max. 7 day average;
2.9 ug/m3 (3.5 ppb, vol.) max. 24 hr average;
3.7 ug/m3 (4.5 ppb, vol.) max. 12 hr average
b) Soiling Index
Primary Standards:
1.0 COH's/1000 linear ft of air, max. 24 hr
average;
3.5 COH's/1000 linear ft of air, max. 2 hr average
Secondary Standards:*
0.6 COH's/1000 linear ft of air, max. 24 hr
average;
2.0 COH's/1000 linear ft of air, max. 2 hr
average;
*Values not to be exceeded more than once per year.
97
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II. STATE AMBIENT STANDARDS DIFFERING FROM NATIONAL STANDARDS IN
AT LEAST SOME SIGNIFICANT ASPECTS. (CONTD.)
G. Washington
1. Standards for carbon monoxide, photochemical oxidants
nonraethane hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides match
current National Ambient Standards exactly except that
primary and secondary standards for photochemical
oxidants are effective only from 10:00 a.m. to 4:00
p.m., April 1 through Oct. 31 of any year and primary
and secondary standards for hydrocarbons are similarly
in effect only from 6:00 a.m. to 9:00 a.m., April 1
through Oct. 31 of any year. An air quality objec-
tive of 5 ppm (vol), 24 hr average has been adopted
for carbon monoxides.
2. Standards for sulfur oxides and particulates are made
more stringent than the National Standards as follows:
a) Sulfur Oxides (expressed as SOg)
(deletes an annual arithmetic mean)
0.10 ppm (vol.), 24 hr average;
0.40 ppm (vol.), 1 hr average;
0.25 ppra (vol.), 1 hr average, not to be exceeded
more than two times in any consecutive 7 days;
0.02 ppm (vol.), 1 yr average;
Air quality objective: 0.3 ppm (vol.), 5 min.
average
b) Particulates (suspended)
60 ug/m3fannual geometric mean;
150 ug/ra3, 24 hr average not to be exceeded
more than once per year;
(has exception provisions for certain areas in
recognition of natural background dust loading)
Air quality objective: 30.0 ug/m3f not to be
exceeded by more than 50$ of samples collected in
any calendar year
3. Gaseous fluorides (calculated as HF)
3.7 ug/nH, 12 hr average;
2.9 ug/m3 24 hr average;
1.7 ug/ffl3 7 day average;
0.84 ug/ra', 30 day average;
0.50 ug/m3f average for period of March 1 through
Oct. 31 of any year
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II. STATE AMBIENT STANDARDS DIFFERING FROM NATIONAL STANDARDS IN
AT LEAST SOME SIGNIFICANT ASPECTS. (CONTD.)
H. Wyoming
Standards for carbon monoxide, photochemical oxidants,
nonmethane hydrocarbons, and nitrogen oxides match current
National Standards exactly. For particulates the more
stringent secondary standards are in effect as primary
standards (with no new secondary standards designated).
The suffer oxide standards adopt the National secondary
standard (3 hr averaging period) as a primary standard and
lower the two current National primary standards to the
following values:
60 ug/m3 (0.02 ppm), annual arith. mean;
260 ug/m3 (0.10 ppm), maximum 24 hr average, not to be
exceeded more than once a year.
Other contaminant ambient standards are as follows:
a) Soiling Index
0.4 COH units/1000 linear ft, annual geom. mean
b) Fluorides
0.80 ug/m3 (1 ppb), 24 hr average (measured as
HF);
25 ug/g, dry wt. basis, in forage for animal
consumption (measured as fluorine);
0.3 ug/cm2, maximum 30 day average, (gaseous
fluorides, measured by sodium formate paper method or
equivalent)
c) Hydrogen Sulfide
70 ug/m3, 1/2 hr average, not to be exceeded over
twice per year;
40 ug/m3, 1/2 hr average, not to be exceeded more
than twice in any 5 consecutive days
d) Sulfation (Suspended Sulfate)
0.25 mg SOo/100 cm^/day, max. annual average;
0.50 mg 303/100 cm2/day, max. 30 day value
99
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XV. STANDARDS OF SELECTED STATES
ALABAMA WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
Basis: State of Alabama Water Quality Criteria,
As Amended February 1973
Agency: State Water Improvement Commission
I. GENERAL CONDITIONS APPLICABLE TO ALL WATER CRITERIA
A. Tests of analytical procedures to determine
compliance, or non-compliance, shall be in
accordance with the latest edition of Standard
Methods for Examination of Water and Wastewater
published by the American Public Health
Association, AWWA, and Water Pollution Control
Federation.
B. The quality of any waters receiving industrial
wastes shall be such as will not cause the best
usage to be adversely affected.
C. Samples shall be collected from areas to be repre-
sentative of the receiving waters after reasonable
opportunity for dilution and mixing.
II. MINIMUM CONDITIONS APPLICABLE TO ALL STATE WATERS
A. State waters shall be free from substances attri-
butable to industrial wastes that will settle to
form bottom deposits which interfere directly or
indirectly with any classified water use.
B. There shall be no floating debris, oil, scum or
other floating materials attributal to industrial
wastes.
C. There shall be no substances attributal to indus-
trial wastes in combinations which are toxic or
harmful to human, animal or aquatic life.
III. WASTE TREATMENT REQUIREMENTS
A. As a minimum, secondary treatment shall be applied
to all industrial waste discharge.
"Secondary Treatment" means a facility which at
design flow is capable of the following:
1. Removing substantially all floating and
settable solids, and
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ALABAMA WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
III. WASTE TREATMENT REQUIREMENTS (CONTD.)
2. Achieving a minimum removal of 85/£ of both the
and suspended solids.
A comparable degree of treatment for industrial
waste which is not amenable to biological treat-
ment will be provided.
B. In all cases an analysis of water use and flow
characteristics for receiving stream shall be made
to determine the required degree of treatment.
C. The minimum 7-day low flow that occurs once in 10
years shall be the basis for design criteria.
D. Industrial waste treatment facilities must provide
"best practical" waste treatment by 1977 and "best
available" treatment by 1983.
IV. SPECIFIC WATER QUALITY CRITERIA (Receiving Water)
Note: The specific water quality criteria is divided
into the following water use classifications:
1. Public water supply;
2. Swimming and other whole body water- contact
sports;
3. Shell fish harvesting;
4. Fish and wildlife, and
5. Fish and wildlife as a "goal".
The following specific water quality criteria repre-
sents the most stringent provisions as established for
the above listed water use classifications, and satis-
fying these criteria should satisfy any of the water
quality criteria for any water use designation where
there is, or likely to be, industrial waste discharged
into the receiving waters.
A. U. S. Public Health Service Drinking Water
Standards
If the waters are subjected to treatment approved
by the state Department of Public Health as equal
to coagulation, sedimentation, filtration and dis-
infection and meet the "Public Health Service
Drinking Water Standards" they will be considered
safe for drinking or food-processing purposes.
(See separate synopsis for U.S. Public Health
Service Drinking Water Standards.)
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ALABAMA WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
IV. SPECIFIC WATER QUALITY CRITERIA (CONTD.)
B. Specific Items for State Water Quality
1. Sewage, industrial wastes, or other wastes
a. None which are not effectively treated or
controlled in accordance with II above.
2. pH
a. Industrial or other wastes shall not cause
the pH to deviate more than one unit from
normal, nor
b. be less than 6.0 nor greater than 8.5.
3. Temperature
a. Maximum temperature rise above normal
shall not exceed 5°F in streams, lakes and
reservoirs, nor
b. shall the maximum temperature exceed 90°F.
4. Dissolved Oxygen
For diversified warm water £5 mg/1 except
biota, including game fish due to natural
causes, may
range between 4
mg/1 and 5 mg/1
For Coastal Waters <5 mg/1 except
for natural
conditions
For estuaries and
tidal tributaries <5 mg/1 except
for natural
conditions
5. Toxic substances; color producing substances,
heated liquids or any other deleterious sub-
stances attributable to sewage, industrial
wastes, or other wastes are limited as
follows:
Only such amounts, whether alone or in
combination with other substances, and only
such temperatures as will not render the
waters unsafe or unsuitable as a source of
water supply .or injurious to fish, wild-
life and aquatic life or adversely affect
the aesthetic value of waters.
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ALABAMA WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
IV. SPECIFIC WATER QUALITY CRITERIA (CONTD.)
B. Specific Items for State Water Quality (Contd.)
6. Fecal Coliform Bacteria
Coastal water OOO/100 ml geometric mean
Other waters ^200/100 ml geometric mean
7. Radioactivity
None greater than specified by the EPA
(USPHS) drinking water standards.
8. Turbidity
50 Jackson units above background.
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ALABAMA; STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
Agency: Division of Air Pollution Control
of the Department of Public Health
I. General Provisions
A. Definitions
1. "Director" shall mean the Director of the Division of
Air Pollution Control of the Department of Public
Health which is established by the Act.
2. "Fuel-Burning Equipment" shall mean any equipment,
device, or contrivance and all appurtenances thereto
including ducts, breechings, fuel- feeding equipment,'
ash removal equipment, combustion controls, stacks and
chimney, used primarily, but not exclusively, to burn
any fuel for the purpose of indirect heating in which
the material being heated is not contacted by and adds
no substance to the products of combustion.
3. "Fugitive Dust" shall r-.dan solid airborne particulate
matter emitted from any source other than a flue or
stack.
4. "Opacity" shall mean the obscuration to an observer's
view produced by smoke of any color that is equivalent
to an obscuration by smoke of a shade specified in the
Ringelmann Smoke Chart published by the United States
Bureau of Mines.
5. "Particulate Matter" shall mean finely divided ma-
terial, except uncombined water, which is a liquid or
solid at standard conditions of temperature at 70°P and
pressure at 14.7 pounds per square inch absolute.
6. "Process" shall mean any action, operation, or treat-
ment of materials, including handling and storage
thereof, which may cause discharge of an air contami-
nant or contaminants into the atmosphere, but excluding
fuel burning and refuse burning. 8
7. "Process Weight" shall mean the total weight in pounds
of all materials introduced into any specific process
which may cause any discharge into the atmosphere.
8. "Process Weight Per Hour" shall mean the total weight of
all materials introduced into any specific process that
may cause any discharge of particulate matter. Solid
fuels charged will be considered as part of the process
weight, but liquid and gaseous fuels and combustion
will not.
9. "Refuse" shall mean matter consisting of garbage,
rubbish, ashes, street debris, dead animals, abandoned
104
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ALABAMA; STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
I. General Provisions (Contd.)
vehicles, industrial wastes, demolition wastes,
construction wastes, special wastes, or sewage
treatment residue.
10. "Ringelmann Chart" shall mean the chart published and
described in U.S. Bureau of Mines Information Circular
8333.
11. "Source" shall mean any building, structure, facility,
installation, article, machine, equipment, device, or
other contrivance which emits or may emit any air
contaminant. Any activity utilizing abrasives or
chemicals for cleaning or any other purpose which emits
air contaminants shall be considered a source.
12. "Volatile Organic Compounds" shall mean any compound
containing carbon and hydrogen or containing carbon and
hydrogen in combination with any other element which
has a vapor pressure of 1.5 pounds per square inch
absolute or greater under actual storage conditions.
II. Visible Emission Standards
A. Maximum Emissions
1. No. 1 on Ringelmann Chart or 2Q% opacity,
from any single source.
2. Exceptions
a) No. 3 on Ringelmann Chart or 60$ opacity allowed if
for periods aggregating not more than 3 minutes in
any 60 minute period.
b) Uncombined water. The standards in this section
shall not apply where uncombined water is the only
reason for such standards being exceeded.
B. Fugitive Dust Beyond Property Line.
It shall be prohibited to cause or permit the discharge of
visible fugitive dust emissions beyond the property line of
the emitting source.
III. Standards for Fugitive Dust
A. It shall be prohibited to cause or permit any materials to
be handled, transported, or stored, or a building, its
appurtenances, or a road to be used, constructed, altered,
repaired, or demolished without taking reasonable pre-
cautions to prevent particulate matter from becoming air-
borne. Such reasonable precautions shall include, but not
be limited to, the following:
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ALABAMA; STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
III. Standards for Fugitive Dust (Contd.)
1. Use, where possible, of water or chemicals for control
of dust in the demolition of existing buildings or
structures, construction operations, the grading of
roads, or the clearing of land;
2. Application of asphalt, oil, water, or suitable
chemicals on dirt roads, materials stock piles, and
other surfaces which create airborne dust problems*
3. Installation and use of hoods, fans, and fabric filters
(or other suitable control devices) to enclose and vent
the handling of dusty materials. Adequate containment
methods shall be employed during sandblasting or other
similar operations.
B. When dust, fumes, gases, mist, odorous matter, vapors, or
any combination thereof escape from a building or equipment
in such a manner and amount as to cause a nuisance or to
violate any rule or regulation, the Director may order that
such building or equipment in which processing, handling
and storage are done be tightly closed and ventilated in*
such a way that all gases and air or gas-borne material
leaving the building or equipment are treated by removal oi»
destruction of air contaminants before discharge to the
open air.
IV. Emission Standards for Particulate Matter
A. Fuel Burning Equipment
1. Maximum Emissions
for heat input XI MM Btu/hr £10 MM Btu/hr:
0.5 Ib/MM Btu of heat input
for heat input >10 MM Btu/hr <250 MM Btu/hr:
use: E 1
where: E is allowable emissions in Ib/MM
Btu heat input; and
H is heat input in MM Btu/hr
for heat input >250 MM Btu/hr:
0.12 Ib/MM Btu of heat input
2. The total heat input from all similar fuel burning
units discharging particulate matter through a common
stack at a plant -or premises shall determine the
maximum allowable emission.
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ALABAMA: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
IV. Emission Standards for Particulate Matter (Contd.)
B. Incinerators
1. Maximum Emissions
for 0 to 50 T/day refuse charging rate:
0.20 lb/100 Ib refuse charged
for >50 T/day refuse charging rate:
0.10 lb/100 Ib refuse charged
2. The burning capacity (refuse charging rate) of an
incinerator shall be the manufacturer's or designer's
guaranteed maximum rate or such other rate as may be
determined by the Director in accordance with good
engineering practice.
3. Maximum emission rates in this section shall be
applicable at maximum burning capacity and compliance
tests conducted at such capacity. The total of the
capacities of ail furnaces within one system shall be
taken as the incinerator capacity.
C. Process Industries
1. Maximum Emissions
for process weight rates <30T/hr:
use E= 3-59P0'62
where: E is allowable emissions in Ib/hr; and P
is process weight rate in T/hr
for process weight rates >_30T/hr:
use E= 17.31PP0-16
where: (E and P are as defined above)
2. The total process weight from all similar process units
at a plant or premises shall be used to determine the
maximum allowable emission through a stack or stacks.
V. Emission Standards for Sulfur Compounds
A. Definitions
1. A "Category 2 County" shall mean a county in which:
a) More than 50 percent of the county population
resides in a non-urban place, as defined by the U.S.
Department of Commerce Census Bureau for 1970.
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ALABAMA: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
V. Emission Standards for Sulfur Compounds (Contd.)
b) No Secondary National Ambient Air Quality Standards
are being exceeded, based on 1971 air quality
measurements.
2. A "Category I County" shall mean a county in which the
conditions of either 1.a or 1.b above or both are not
met.
B. Process Industries - General
1. Affected facilities: those facilities not regulated by
subsections C and D below.
2. Sulfur compound emission sources shall meet all appli-
cable Federal New Source Performance Standards as
designated in section XI herein and shall utilize the
best available control technology, with consideration
being given to the tec/aical practicability and econo-
mic reasonableness of emission control techniques.
3. It shall be prohibited for a source to cause or
contribute to a condition such that either the primary
or secondary S02 ambient air quality standards are
exceeded in the area of the source.
C. Petroleum Facilities
1. Affected facilities: facilities that handle natural or
refinery (process) gas containing more than 0.10
gr H2S/SCF.
2. H2S. The emission of an affected process gas stream
shall be prohibited unless the stream is burned so as
to maintain an I^S ground level concentration be-
yond property boundaries of less than 20 ppb averaged
over a 30 min period.
a) Determination of ground level concentrations from
waste gas or emergency flaring shall be based on the
assumption that only 75$ of the heat of combustion
is used to heat the products of combustion.
3. S02« It shall be prohibited to cause or permit emis-
sions from any affected facility to exceed the
following SC>2 limitations:
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ALABAMA: STANDARDS OF PERFORMA-NCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
V. Emission Standards for Sulfur Compounds (Contd.)
Category I Counties
(Jackson, Jefferson and Mobile Counties)
Available Sulfur
(Long Tons/Day)
Up to 5
5 to 35
35 to 75
Over 75
Permitted Emissions
of Sulfur Dioxide
No Limit
373 Ibs/hr
0.10 Ibs S02/lb S processed
0.08 Ibs S02/lb S processed
Category II Counties (All Other)
Available Sulfur
(Long Tons/Day)
Up to 10
10
50
Over 100
to
to
50
100
Permitted Emissions
of Sulfur Dioxide
No Limit
560 Ibs/hr
0.10 Ibs S02/lb S processed
0.08 Ibs S02/1& S processed
The allowable emissions of sulfur dioxide shall be increased as
follows to allow for dry acid gas streams containing less than
60 % H2S:
Mol. $H 2
Additional S02 Emissions
in Dry Acid Gas Allowed
50$ but less than 60%
40$ but less than 50$
30$ but less than 40$
20$ but less than 30$
Less than 20$
.02 Ibs S02/lb S processed
.04 Ibs S02/lb S processed
.06 Ibs S02/lb S processed
.10 Ibs S02/lb S processed
Must utilize the best available
control technology, with consid-
eration to the technical practi -
cability and economic reasonable
ness of reducing or eliminating
emissions from the facility.
Additional Requirements. In addition to the requirements
of C.3, it shall be demonstrated, to the satisfaction of
the Director, that the sulfur oxides emitted either alone
or in conjunction with other sources will not interfere
with attainment and maintenance of any primary or secondary
ambient air quality standard.
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ALABAMA; STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
V. Emission Standards for Sulfur Compounds (Contd.)
D. Fuel Burning Equipment (Fuel Combustion Sources)
1. Maximum SOy_Emissions (expressed as SC^)
Category I County: Category II County:
1.8 Ib/MM Btu heat input 4.0 Ib/MM Btu heat input
2. Additional Requirements. In addition to the require-
ments of D.1 fuel burning installations having a total
rated capacity greater than 1500 million Btu per hour
shall be required to:
a) Demonstrate to the satisfaction of the director that
the sulfur oxides emitted either alone or in con-
tribution to other sources will not interfere with
attainment and maintenance of any primary or secondary
ambient air quality standard for sulfur oxides.
b) Demonstrate to the satisfaction of the director that
in meeting the emission limitations of D.1. the instal-
lation will not increase emissions to the extent that
resulting concentrations will be greater than:
(i) those concentrations (measured or calculated)
which existed in 1970} or
(ii) those concentrations (measured or calculated)
which existed during the first year of operation
of any inst?Mation which began operating after
January 1, 1970.
3. For purposes of this subsection D, the total heat input
from all similar fuel combustion units at a plant or
premises shall be used for determining the maximum
allowable emission of sulfur dioxide that passes
through a stack or stacks. Units constructed and
operated to conform with the New Source Performance
Standards (Section XI) shall not be considered similar
to other units at a plant or premises.
4. All calculations relating to demonstrations required by
D.2. shall assume that the fuel burning installation is
operating at or above the maximum capacity for such
installation.
5. H2S. It shall be prohibited to cause or permit the
emission or combustion of any refinery process gas
stream that contains an H2S concentration greater
than 150 ppm without removal of the hydrogen sulfide in
excess of 150 ppm.
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ALABAMA: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
VI. Emission Standards for Nitrogen Oxides (NOX)
A. Fuel Burning Equipment (Combustion Sources)
1. Affected facilities: Any boiler with a capacity of 250
MM Btu/hr or greater
2. Maximum Emission - Gas Fired
0.20 Ib/MM Btu of heat input
3. Maximum Emission - Oil Fired
0.30 Ib/MM Btu of heat input
4. Maximum Emission - Coal Fired
0.70 Ib/MM Btu of heat input
5. The total heat input from all similar fuel combustion
units at a facility or plant shall be used for deter-
mining the maximum allowable emission of NOX through
a stack or sta- "cs.
VII. Emission Standards for Carbon Monoxide (CO)
A. Petroleum Processes
1. It shall be prohibited to emit any waste gas stream
containing CO from any catalyst regeneration of a
petroleum cracking system, petroleum fluid coker, or
other petroleum process unless such waste gas stream is
burned at 1300°F for 0.3 sec or longer in a direct-
flame afterburner or boiler equipped with an easily
accessible indicating pyrometer.
VIII. Odorous Emission Standards
A. Incinerators
1. Incinerators shall be designed and operated in such
manner as necessary to prevent emission of objection-
able odors.
IX. Emission Standards for Hydrocarbons
A. Definitions
1. For the purposes of this part, organic solvents in-
clude diluents and thinners and are defined as organic
materials which are liquids at standard conditions and
which are used as dissolvers, viscosity reducers, or
cleaning agents.
Ill
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ALABAMA; STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
IX. Emission Standards for Hydrocarbons (Contd.)
2. For the purposes of this part, organic materials are
defined as chemical compounds of carbon excluding
carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, carbonic acid,
metallic carbides, metallic carbonates, and ammonium
carbonate.
3. For the purposes of this part, a photochemically
reactive solvent is any solvent with an aggregate of
more than 30 percent of its total volume composed of
the chemical compounds classified below or which
exceeds any of the following individual percentage
composition limitations, referred to the total volume
of solvent:
a) A combination of hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehydes,
esters, ethers, or ketches having an olefinic or
cyclo-olefinlc type of unsaturation: 5 percent;
b) A combination of aromatic compounds with eight or
more carbon atoms to the molecule except ethyl-
benzene: 8 percent;
c) A combination of ethylbenzene, ketones having
branched hydrocarbon structures, or toluene: 20
percent.
Whenever any organic solvent or any constituent of an
organic solvent may be classified from its chemical
structure into more than one of the above groups of
organic compounds, it shall be considered as a member
of the most reactive chemical group, that is, that
group having the least allowable percent of the total
volume of solvents.
B. Applicability
The provisions of section IX. shall apply statewide, except
that subsections F. and G. shall only apply to Mobile
County.
C. Storage of Volatile Organic Materials
1. It shall be prohibited to place, store, or hold in any
stationary tank reservoir or other container of more
than 60,000 gallons capacity any volatile organic
compounds unless such tank, reservoir, or other
container is a pressure tank capable of maintaining
working pressures sufficient at all times to prevent
vapor or gas loss to the atmosphere or is designed and
equipped with one of the following vapor loss control
devices:
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ALABAMA; STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
IX. Emission Standards for Hydrocarbons (Contd.)
a) A floating roof, consisting of a pontoon type,
double deck type roof or internal floating cover,
which will rest on the surface of the liquid
contents and be equipped with a closure seal or
seals to close the space between the roof edge and
tank wall. This control equipment shall not be
permitted if the volatile organic compounds have a
vapor pressure of 11.0 pounds per square inch
absolute or greater under actual storage conditions.
All tank gauging or sampling devices shall be gas-
tight except when tank gauging or sampling is taking
place.
b) A vapor recovery system consisting of a vapor
gathering system capable of collecting the volatile
organic compound vapors and gases discharged and a
vapor disposal system capable of processing such
volatile organic vapors and gases so as to prevent
their emission to the atmosphere. All tank gauging
and sampling devices shall be gas-tight except when
gauging or sampling is taking place.
c) Other equipment or means of equal efficiency for
purposes of air pollution control as may be approved
by the Director.
d) It shall be prohibited to place, store, or hold in
any new stationary storage vessel of more than 1,000
gallons capacity any volatile organic compound
unless such vessel is equipped with a permanent
submerged fill pipe, or is a pressure tank as
described in paragraph a) above or is fitted with a
system as described in paragraph b) above.
D. Volatile Organic Materials Loading Facilities
1. It shall be prohibited to load any volatile organic
compounds into any tank, truck or trailer from any
terminal or bulk storage facility handling more than
50,000 gallons per day unless such terminal or facility
is equipped with a vapor collection and disposal
system or its equivalent, properly installed and in
good working order, or has in operation a loading
system which will result in a 95 percent submerged fill
either with a submerged fill pipe or by loading from
the bottom.
2. It shall be prohibited to load any volatile organic
compounds into any tank, truck, or trailer having a
capacity in excess of 200 gallons unless such loading
facility is equipped as set forth in D.1. above. Where
the vapor collection and disposal system is utilized,
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ALABAMA: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
IX. Emission Standards for Hydrocarbons (Contd.)
the loading arm shall be equipped with a vapor
collection adaptor, pneumatic, hydraulic, or other
mechanical means which will provide a vapor-tight seal
between the adaptor and the hatch. A means shall be
provided to prevent liquid organic compounds drainage
from the loading device when it is removed from the
hatch of any tank, truck, or trailer. When loading is
effected through means other than the hatches, all
loading lines shall be equipped with fittings which
make vapor-tight connections and which close automati-
cally when disconnected.
E. Volatile Organic Compound - Water Separation
1. It shall be prohibited to use any compartment of any
single or multiple compartment volatile organic com-
pound water separator which receives effluent water
containing 1,000 gallons a day or more of any volatile
organic compound unless such compartment is equipped
with one of the following vapor loss control devices in
good working order:
a) A container having all openings sealed and totally
enclosing the liquid contents. All gauging and
sampling devices shall be gas-tight except when
gauging or sampling is taking place.
b) A container equipped with a floating roof, consist,.
ing of a pontoon type, double deck type roof, or
internal floating cover, which will rest on the
surface of the contents and be equipped with a
closure seal or seals to close the space between th
roof edge and container walls. All gauging and e
sampling devices shall be gas-tight except when
gauging or sampling is taking place.
c) A container equipped with a vapor recovery system
consisting of a vapor gathering system capable of
collecting the hydrocarbon vapors and gases dis-
charged and a vapor disposal system capable of
processing such hydrocarbon vapors and gases so as
to prevent their emission to the atmosphere and
all container gauging and sampling devices gas
except when gauging or sampling is taking place.
d) A container having other equipment of equal effi-
ciency for purposes of air pollution control as mav
be approved by the Division. *
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ALABAMA; STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
IX. Emission Standards for Hydrocarbons (Contd.)
F. Pumps and Compressors (Mobile County only)
All pumps and compressors handling volatile organic
compounds shall have mechanical seals or other equipment of
equal efficiency for purposes of air pollution control as
may be approved by the Division.
G. Organic Solvents (Mobile County only)
1 . It shall be prohibited to discharge into the atmosphere
more than 15 pounds of organic materials in any one
day nor more than 3 pounds in any one hour from any
article, machine, equipment, or other contrivance in
which any organic solvent or any material containing
organic solvent comes into contact with flame or is
heat-cured or heat-polymerized in the presence of
oxygen unless said discharge has been reduced by at
least 85
2. It shall be prohibited to discharge into the atmosphere
more than 40 pounds of organic materials in any one
day or more than 8 pounds in any one hour from any
article, machine, equipment, or other contrivance used
under conditions other than described in G.1 above for
employing, or applying, any photochemically reactive
solvent, as defined in A. 3 above; or material contain-
ing such photochemically reactive solvent, unless said
discharge has been reduced by at least 85 percent.
Emissions resulting from heat-curing or heat-polymeriz-
ing as described in G.1 shall be excluded from deter-
mination of compliance with this section.
3. Emissions of organic materials into the atmosphere
required to be controlled by G.1. and G.2. above shall
be reduced by:
a) Incineration, provided that 90 percent or more of
the carbon in the organic material being incinerated
is oxidized to carbon dioxide, or
b) Adsorption, or
c) Processing in a manner determined by the Division
to be not less effective than a) or b) above.
4. The provisions of this Part shall not apply to:
a) -The transport or storage of organic solvents or
materials containing organic solvents.
b) The employment, application, evaporation, or drying
of saturated halogenated hydrocarbons or organic
compounds in which all olefinic groups contain 3 or
more halogen atoms.
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ALABAMA; STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
IX. Emission Standards for Hydrocarbons (Contd.)
c) The use of any material in an article, machine, or
equipment described in G.1 and G.2 if:
(i) The volatile content of such material consists
only of water and organic solvents, and
(ii) The organic solvents comprise not more than 20
percent of said volatile content, and
(iii) The volatile content is not photochemically re
active as defined in A.3.
d) Coatings applied to permanently located structures
or surfaces.
H. Disposal of Organic Solvents
It shall be prohibited to dispose of, during any one day
a total of more than 1.5 gallons of any photochemically '
reactive solvent as defined in A.3 or of any material
containing more than 1.5 ga^ons of any such
photochemically reactive solvent by any means which will
permit the evaporation of such solvent in the atmosphere.
X. Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants
A. Definitions
1. "Mercury" means the element mercury, excluding any
associated elements, and includes mercury in parti-
culates, vapors, aerosols, and compounds.
2. "Beryllium" means the element beryllium. Where weight
or concentrations are specified, such weights or
concentrations apply to beryllium only, excluding the
weight or concentration of any associated elements.
B. Standards
1. Regulations for certain substances covered in the
National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollu-
tants (40 CFR, Part 61) are incorporated by reference
in Alabama air regulations. Of these incorporated
regulations the regulation for Mercury emissions and
Beryllium emissions are relevant to this project.
Synopses of the Federal regulations for mercury and
beryllium, a designated Hazardous Air Pollutants, may
be found in the "Federal EPA Regulations and Standards*
portion of this report.
XI. Standards for New Stationary Sources
A. Designated Federal regulations for new stationary emissio
sources (40 CFR, Part 60) are incorporated by reference
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ALABAMA; STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
XI. Standards for New Stationary Sources (Contd.)
with minor administrative changes. The portions of these
Federal regulations relevant to this project have been
synopsized herein and this synopsis may be found under the
"Federal EPA Regulations and Standards" portion of this
report.
B. Designated Standards
The Federal regulations incorporated which are relevant or
partially relevant to fossil-fuel conversion facilities
within the scope of this project cover the following listed
plants or facilities:
1. Fossil-fuel fired steam generators (40 CFR, Part 60,
Subpart D).
2. Incinerators (40 CFR, Part 60, Subpart E).
3. Storage Vessels for Petroleum Liquids (40 CFR, Part 60,
Subpart K).
4. Petroleum Refineries (40 CFR, Part 60, Subpart J).
5. Coal Preparation Plants (40 CFR, Part 60, Subpart Y).
117
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ALABAMA SOLID WASTE REGULATIONS
Basis: (1) Solid Waste Disposal Act, No. 771, 1969, as
amended by Act No. 2247, 1971.
(2) Alabama Rules and Regulations for Solid Waste
Management.
Agency: Alabama Department of Public Health, Bureau of
Environmental Health.
Notes: (1) State legislation for hazardous wastes
management is pending , however, as of March
30, 1977, a hazardous waste survey had not
been accomplished.
(2) Management of potentially hazardous wastes is
handled on a case-by-case basis.
I. Applicability
The Act was intended to apply to all who generate, or
assume responsibility for the management of solid wastes in
the State of Alabama. The rules and regulations are,
therefore, for general application throughout the State.
II. Disposal of Solid Waste
The disposal of solid waste shall be by the following
approved methods or any combinations thereof:
A. Sanitary landfill;
B. Incineration; or
C. By other methods which fulfills the basic requirements
of these rules and regulations and where such methods
have been approved by the Department.
III. Approval
No agency or person shall establish or operate a solid
waste disposal facility without first obtaining approval
for site location from the Department.
IV. Exceptions
A. The Solid Waste Disposal Act, as last amended, provide
for the requirements of a business, industry or any S
property owner who chooses to store, haul or dispose Of«
his own solid wastes on his own land or otherwise.
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ALABAMA SOLID WASTE REGULATIONS
IV. Exceptions
B. If the person involved is a business, industry or
property owner generating wastes in substantial amounts
in excess of that generated by an individual
householder, certificates of exception may be granted
by the Department on receipt of approved plans for
storage, hauling and disposal.
119
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Basis:
Agency;
Note:
ALASKA WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
Water Quality Standards, 18AAC, Chapter 70 (October
1973); Chapter 72.
Department of Environmental Conservation
(1) The Department of Environmental Conservation
indicated by letter of June 15, 1977 that the
Water Quality Standards may be revised in late
1977 or early 1978.
GENERAL
B,
Minimum Treatment
1. All industrial waste discharges are required to have
treatment which is equivalent to best practicable
control technology currently available as shall be
defined for each industrial waste.
2. Where this best practicajle control technology
currently available is inadequate to achieve the water
quality criteria as listed below, the Department will
require higher levels of treatment.
Establishment of water use classifications and criteria
are as follows:
1. Class A - Water supply without the need for treatment
other than simple disinfection and simple
removal of naturally present impurities;
2. Class B - Water supply with the need for treatment
equal to coagulation, sedimentation,
filtration, disinfection and any other
treatment process necessary to remove
naturally present impurities;
3. Class C - Water contact recreation;
4. Class D - Growth and propagation of fish;
Class E - Shell fish growth and propagation;
Class F - Agricultural water supply; and
Class G - Industrial water supply (other than food
processing).
II. SPECIFIC WATER QUALITY CRITERIA
Listed below are the water quality criteria for two water us
classifications to illustrate what in all probability, would
120
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ALASKA WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
II. SPECIFIC WATER QUALITY CRITERIA (CONTD.)
represent the most stringent and least stringent receiving
water quality parameters.
A. Class A Waters (See I.B.1 Above)
1. Coliform Bacteria
2. Dissolved Oxygen
3. pH (range)
4. Turbidity (Jackson Turbidity
Units - JTU)
5. Temperature
6. Dissolved Inorganic Substances
(total from all sources)
7. Residues (including oils, float-
ing solids, sludge deposits
and other wastes)
8. Sediment
9. Toxic or other Carbon Chloro-
deleterious form Extracts
substances and
related Organic
and Inorganic materials
10. Color (measured in Color Units)
11. Radioactivity
12. Aesthetic Considerations
121
£50/100 ml (mean of 5
or more samples in
any month)
>5 mg/1
6.5 - 8.5
<5 JTU
60°F
500 mg/1
None which would
make receiving water
unsafe for the use
or interfere with
the water use.
Below normally
detectable amounts
<0.1 mg/1, and other
chemical consti-
tuents may not ex-
ceed U.S. Public
Health Service
Drinking Water
Standards, 1962
(USPHS)
15 Color Units (true
color)
Coforms with USPHS
Drinking Water
Standards
No substances which
are offensive to the
sight, smell, taste
or touch.
-------
ALASKA WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
II. SPECIFIC WATER QUALITY CRITERIA (CONTD.)
B. Class G Waters (See I.B.7 Above)
1. Coliform Bacteria (where
worker contact is pre-
sent)
2. Dissolved Oxygen
3. pH (range)
4. Turbidity (Jackson Tur-
bidity Units)
5. Temperature
6. Dissolved Inorganic Sub-
tances
Residues (including oils,
floating solids, sludge
8
10
<1000/100 ml (mean of 5 or
more samples per month) and
not more than 20% of the
samples during one month
may exceed 1000/100 ml
>5 mg/1
6.5 - 8.5
No imposed turbidity that
may interfere with esta-
blished levels of water
supply treatment
<70°F
No amount above natural
conditions which may cause
undue corrosion, scaling,
or process problems.
No visible evidence of
residues
deposits and other wastes)
Sediment
No imposed loads that will
interfere with established
levels of treatment
9. Toxic or other deleterious Chemical constituents may
substances, and related
Organic and Inorganic
materials
Color (measured in color
units)
1 1 . Radioactivity
12. Aesthetic Considerations
not exceed concentrations
found to be of public
health significance
True color less than 50
color units
Conforms with USPHS
Drinking Water Standards,
1962
No substances which are
offensive to sight, smell,
taste or touch
122
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ALASKA WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
III. WASTEWATER DISPOSAL
A. Surface Waste Disposal Restrictions
1. A waste disposal permit is required before any opera-
tion is conducted which results in the disposal of
wastewater into or upon the waters of the state or
surface of the land.
2. No wastewater or other wastes may be discharged which
results in a violation of the state's water quality
standards.
3. Discharges containing oil, petroleum products, or
industrial solvents to a sewerage system designed to
contain only sewage or storm water are prohibited.
B. Pretreatment
1. It may be required that industrial liquid wastes or
other waste discharged, or planned to be discharged, to
a public sewerage system or treatment works receive
pretreatment to prevent damaging effect to the treat-
ment work or receiving waters.
C. Plan Review
1. No person may construct, alter, or modify a sewerage
system or treatment works until detailed engineering
reports, plans and specifications are submitted to,
and approved, by the department.
2. The engineering reports, plans and 'specifications shall
be certified by a professional engineer registered in
the State of Alaska.
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ALASKA; STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
Agency: Department of Environmental Conservation
I. General Provisions
A. Definitions
1. "Fuel burning equipment" means any combustion device
or part thereof capable of emission, but excludes
mobile internal combustion engines, incinerators,
marine vessels, and indoor fireplaces.
2. "Incinerator" means any equipment, device or
contrivance, excluding indoor fireplaces, used for
the thermal reduction of garbage or other wastes.
3. "Particulate matter" means any material, except
water, which is, or has been, airborne and exists as
a liquid or a solid at standard conditions.
4. "Opacity" means the characteristic of a substance
which renders it partially or wholly impervious to
transmittance of light and causes obstruction of an
observer's view.
B. In areas where existing air quality is better than
ambient air quality standards, the Department shall
enforce applicable emission standards so as to minimize
degradation of air quality .
C. No person may permit any emission which is injurious to
human health or welfare, animal or plant life or
property, or would unreasonably interfere with the
enjoyment of life or property.
D. The use of air for dilution of emission contaminants
without affecting any total decrease in such contaminants
shall not be permitted as a method to effect compliance
with these standards.
E. A local air quality control agency may establish the same
or more stringent regulations, but not less stringent
regulations than those herein for the State of Alaska.
II. Visible Emission Standards
A. Industrial Processes and Fuel Burning Equipment
1. Maximum emissions
Not to exceed 20$ opacity (excluding condensed water
vapor) for periods aggregating over three minutes in
any hour.
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ALASKA; STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
II. Visible Emission Standards (Contd)
B. Incinerators
1. Affected facilities: all incinerators, including
air curtain incinerators.
2. Definitions
a) "Air curtain incinerator" means an incinerator in
which large quantities of combustible materials
are burned in a rectangular container which is
equipped with an overfire air system.
3. Maximum emissions
Not to exceed 2Q% opacity (excluding condensed water
vapor) for periods aggregating over three minutes in
any hour.
III. Emission Standards for Particulate Matter
A. Industrial Processes and Fuel Burning Equipment
1. Maximum emissions
0.05 gr/SCF of exhaust gas
2. Exception
a) Maximum emission for fuel burning equipment using
coal or municipal waste as fuel:
0.1 gr/SCF of exhaust gas
B. Incinerators
1. Maximum emissions
(with exhaust gas corrected to 12% CC^)
<_ 200 Ibs/hr rated capacity: 0.3 gr/SCF of exhaust gas,
> 200 O.OOO Ibs/hr rated capacity: 0.2 gr/SCF exhaust,
gas
> 1000 Ibs/hr rated capacity: 0.1 gr/SCF exhaust gas.
IV. Standards for Fugitive Dust
A. It shall be prohibited to cause or permit bulk materials
to be handled, transported or stored without taking rea-
sonable precautions to prevent particulate matter from
becoming airborne.
125
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ALASKA; STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
V. Standards for Ice Fog
A. The Department may require any person proposing to build
or operate an industrial process, fuel burning equipment,
or an incinerator in an area of potential ice fog to
obtain a permit to operate and to reduce water emissions.
VI. Emission Standards for Sulfur Compounds
A. Industrial Processes or Fuel Burning Equipment
1. Maximum Emissions of Sulfur Compounds
500 ppm (expressed as SQg» by vol.)
126
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ALASKA SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT REGULATIONS
Basis: Title 18, Environmental Conservation, Chapter 60
Solid Waste Management (18 AAC 60.020,
October 1973)
Agency: Department of Environmental Conservation
I. Solid Waste Management Permit
A. No person may establish, modify or operate a solid
waste disposal facility without a permit.
II. Disposal on Land
A. The disposal of solid waste on the land shall comply
with the following requirements:
1. Disposal of putrescible waste in areas subject to
permafrost or leachate generation is restricted and
shall be allo"ed only in conjunction with special
procedures approved by the Department;
2. Open burning on a landfill is prohibited;
3. Solid waste shall be deposited in a manner to
prevent waste materials, leachate or eroded soil
particles from entering the waters of the state;
U. A minimum separation of two feet shall be
maintained between putrescible solid waste and the
anticipated high ground water table;
5. Surface water drainage from areas outside a
landfill shall not be allowed to flow over or
through a landfill;
6. Solid waste shall be spread in shallow layers not
exceeding a depth of two feet prior to compaction;
and
7. Solid waste shall be compacted and covered with
earth or other approved material at a frequency
specified by the permit requirement.
III. Incineration
A. No person may use an incinerator facility for solid
waste processing that has a total rated capacity equal
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ALASKA SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT REGULATIONS
III. Incineration (Contd.)
. to or greater than 200 pounds per hour unless it
complies with the following:
1. The incinerator shall be designed and operated so
the emitted air contaminants, including odors,
gases and particulate matter do not exceed the
established standards.
2. The Department must inspect the incinerator
facility prior to initial operation.
IV. Hazardous Waste
A. Specific approval for the processing and disposal of
hazardous wastes must be obtained from the Department.
V. Definitions
A. "Hazardous Waste" means viaste that is capable of
causing injury, disease or impairment of health, or
property damage, including but not limited to poisions
pesticides, acids, caustics, infectious or pathological
wastes, radioactive materials, explosive materials, and
oil and petroleum products.
B. "Solid waste disposal facility" means an intermediate
disposal facility, transfer station, landfill,
incinerator, composting plant, recycling or reclamation
facility or any site utilized for the reduction,
consolidation, conversion, processing or disposal of
solid waste.
C. "Leachate" means water that has percolated through
solid waste and contains dissolved or suspended
portions from the solid waste.
128
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COLORADO WATER QUALITY STANDARDS AND EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
Basis: 1. Water Quality Standards for Colorado
(June 1971*)
2. Regulations for Effluent Limitations
(August 1975)
Agency: Colorado Department of Health, Water Quality
Control Commission
I. WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
Note: The following water quality criteria represents the most
stringent provisions as specified for the water use
classifications, and by restricting effluent emissions
so as to not cause the receiving water to exceed the
standards shown below should satisfy any of the water
quality for the state for any water use designation.
A. Standards applicable to all state waters
1. No settleable material which would form objectionable
sludge deposits;
2. No floating debris, scum, and other floating materials
which would be unsightly or deleterious;
3. No materials which would produce color, odor or other
conditions in amounts so as to create a nuisance;
4. No substances, either alone or in combinations, in
concentrations which are toxic to human, animal, plant,
or aquatic life;
5. No substances or conditions in concentrations which
would produce undesirable aquatic life;
6 Free from residues attributable to wastewater or
visible film oils or globules of grease, which are
present in concentrations which cause a film, other
discoloration of the surface, or which cause an
emulsion to be deposited beneath the surface of the
water or upon adjoining shorelines or which prevent
classified uses of such waters.
7. The radioactivity of surface waters shall be maintained
at the lowest practical level and shall in no case,
except when due to natural causes, exceed the latest
Federal Drinking Water Standard as established by the
United States Public Health Service, the Environmental
Protection Agency or their successor.
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COLORADO WATER QUALITY STANDARDS AND EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
I. WATER QUALITY STANDARDS (CONTD.)
B. Specific Water Quality Criteria (Not addressed in I above)
Substance or Condition Limitations
Fecal Coliform Bacteria <200/100 mi-Geometric Mean
from five samples in 30 day
period.
Turbidity <.10 Jackson Unit increase
Dissolved Oxygen >6 mg/1
pH (range) 6.5 - 8.5
Temperature Maximum change 2°F
II. EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
A. Applicability
These regulations pertain to all wastewater discharges
into any state waters.
1. Exceptions
a. Agricultural return flows, and
b. Storm runoff waters
B. Specific Limitations for Waste Discharges
Substance Effluent Limitations
7-Day Average 30-Day Average
BOD5 1*5 mg/1 £30 mg/1
Suspended Solids <45 mg/1 <$Q mg/1
Fecal Coliform Determined in accordance with
stream classification to which
the discharge is made.
Residual Chlorine <0.5 mg/1
pH (range) 6.0 - 9.0
Oil and Grease £10 mg/1 - No visible sheen
Note: If wastewater is returned to the source from which
it was obtained the limitations specified above
are in addition- to the measured values of the same
parameters in the incoming water.
130
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COLORADO; STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
Agency: Colorado Department of Health, Air Pollution Control
Division
I. General Provisions
A. Definitions
1. "Air contaminant" means any fume, smoke, particulate
matter, vapor, gas, or any combination thereof, but not
including water vapor or steam condensate.
2. "Division" means the Division of Air Pollution Control,
Colorado Dept. of Health.
3. "Fossil fuel" means natural gas, petroleum, coal and
any form of solid, liquid, or gaseous fuel derived from
such materials.
M. "Fuel burning equipment" means any furnace, boiler
apparatus, stack, or appurtenances thereto used in the
process of bur Lng fuel for the primary purpose of
producing heat or power by indirect heat transfer.
5. "Fugitive dust" means solid airborne particulate matter
emitted from any source other than an opening which
channels the flow or air contaminants and then exhausts
the contaminants directly into the atmosphere.
Fugitive dust also includes solid particles released
into the atmosphere by natural forces or by mechanical
processes such as crushing, grinding, milling,
drilling, demolishing, shoveling, conveying, covering,
bagging, sweeping, etc.
6. "Incinerator" means any furnace used in the process of
burning solid waste for the primary purpose of reduc-
ing the volume of the waste by removing combustible
matter.
7. "Opacity" means the degree to which an air contaminant
emission obscures the view of an observer, expressed in
percentage of the obscuration, or in the degree
(percent) to which transmittance of light is reduced by
an air contaminant emission.
8. "Particulate matter" means any material, except uncom-
bined water, that exists in a finely divided form as a
liquid or solid.
9. "Process or process equipment" means any action,
operation, or treatment, involving chemical,
industrial, or manufacturing factors, such as
heat-treating furnaces, by-product coke plants,
coke-baking ovens, mixing kettles, cupolas, blast
131
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COLORADO; STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
I. General Provisions (Contd.)
furnaces1, open hearth furnaces, heating and reheating
furnaces, ferrous and non-ferrous foundries, kilns
stills, dryers, roasters, and equipment used in '
connection therewith, and all other methods or forms of
manufacturing or processing that may emit air
contamination.
10. "Solid waste" means refuse, more than 50 percent of
which is municipal type waste consisting of a mixture
of paper, wood, yard wastes, food wastes, plastics
leather, rubber and other combustibles, and noncom-
bustible materials such as glass and rock.
II. Visible Emission Standards
A. Maximum Emissions
2Q% opacity
8. Exceptions
1. Visible emissions from pilot plants and experimental
operations, for a period not to exceed 180 operating
days cumulative total from the initial date of
operations, shall have the following limitations:
Maximum Emissions
i\0% opacity, for periods aggregating not more than
three minutes in any 60 consecutive minutes
2. During the building of a new fire, cleaning of fires
soot blowing, startup, any process modification or '
adjustment, or occasional cleaning of control equinm^ ..
the following limitations shall apply: P««nt
Maximum Emissions
40$ opacity, for periods aggregating not more than *
minutes in any one hour 3
C. Opacity Regulations for Fugitive Dust Emissions (see
III. Emission Standards for Fugitive Dust
A. Visible Emission Standards
1. Standards for any source of fugitive dust
a) Maximum Emission (at or from source)
2Q% opacity~
132
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COLORADO; STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
III. Emission Standards for Fugitive Dust (Contd.)
b) Particulate matter which is visibly transported off
the source premises and remains visible to an
observer off such premises when sighting along a
line not crossing the property of emission
origination shall be prohibited.
2. Exceptions to Standards in A.1.
a) Sources covered by other fugitive dust standards of
this section. These include:
i) unpaved roads and unpaved parking areas (see
III.B).
ii) earth and construction material moving and
excavating activities except for crushing,
grinding, milling, conveying, and bagging
processes, (see III.C.).
iii) Demolition, wrecking, and moving of structures
and explosives detonation activities, (see
III.D.).
iv) open mining activities, (see III.E.)
b) Sources of fugitive dust which exceed opacity
regulations for a period or periods aggregating
less than 3 minutes in any 60 consecutive minutes.
c) Sources of fugitive dust exceeding opacity
regulations when wind velocities exceed 30 mph as
determined by practices designated and approved by
the Division.
d) Other sources as may be specified by the
Commission.
B. Unpaved Roads and Unpaved Parking Areas
1. Abatement and preventive measures as outlined in III.
F. herein shall be used during construction. [With a
few minor exoeptons new roads and parking areas require
construction and operating permits, each of which
contains standards for the control of fugitive dust
specifically for the project such permit is issued
for.]
C. Earth and Construction Material Moving and Excavating (not
including crushing, grinding, milling, conveying, and
bagging processes).
1. No developer of a construction or land development
project shall, throughout the duration of the project,
disturb or contract to disturb by grading, excavating
or depositing on more total surface area than five
acres of land in the aggregate unless abatement and
preventive measures as outlined in subsection F are met
continually.
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COLORADO: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
III. Emission Standards for Fugitive Dust (Contd.)
[New regulated sources require permits which contain
additional requirements specific to the project.]
D. Demolition, Wrecking, and Moving of Structures and
Explosives Detonation Activities.
1. No person shall conduct demolition, wrecking, or
of structures or explosives detonation activities
unless the provisions of III. F. are met continually.
[These sources require permits containing additional*
requirements specific to the project.]
E. Open Mining Activities
No developer of an open mining activity shall, throughout
the duration of the operation, disturb or contract to
disturb by grading, excavating, or depositing a total land
surface area of more than one acre in the aggregate unless
provisions of III. F. are met continually. Open mining
shall mean the mining of natural mineral deposits,
limestone, coal, sand gravel, and quarry aggregate, by
removing the overburden lying above such deposits and
mining directly from the deposits thereby exposed. The
term includes, but is not limited to, such practices as
open cut mining, open pit mining, strip mining, quarryin»
and dredging. [Additional requirements specific to the
project are contained in the required permit.]
F. Required Abatement and Preventive Measures
1. Unpaved Roads and Unpaved Parking Areas.
a) Abatement and preventive measures shall be approv A
by the Division and may include but shall not be
limited to frequent watering, addition of dust
palliatives, detouring, paving, closure, speed
control, or other means such as surface treatment
with penetration chemicals (ligninsulfonates, oil
water, cutbacks, etc.) or methods of equal or
greater effectiveness in reducing the air
contamination produced.
2. Demolition, Wrecking and Explosive Detonation
Activities; Earth and Construction Material Moving
Mining and Excavation Activities. '
a) Abatement and preventive fugitive dust control
measures shall be approved by the Division and
include, but shall not be limited to:
. wetting down, including pre-watering;
landscaping and replanting with native
vegetation;
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COLORADO: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
III. Emission Standards for Fugitive Dust (Contd.)
covering, shielding or enclosing the area;
paving (temporary or permanent);
treating, the use of dust palliatives and
chemical stabilization;
detouring;
restriction of the speed of vehicles on sites;
prevention of the deposit of dirt and mud on
improved streets and roads; and other such
effective means of dust control as the
Division may deem necessary;
disturbing less topsoil and reclaiming as soon
as possible.
b) Sequential blasting shall be employed whenever or
wherever feasible to reduce the amounts of unconfined
particulate matter;
c) Such dust control strategies as revegetation, delay
of surface opening until demanded, or surface
compaction and sealing, shall be applied.
d) Haulage eqv'pment shall be washed or wetted down,
treated, or covered when necessary to minimize the
amount of dust emitted in transit and in loading.
e) The measures in this subsection F.2. shall also be
enforced during periods when actual construction
work is not being conducted, such as on weekends
and holidays.
IV. Emission Standards for Particulate Matter
A. Maximum Emissions from Fuel-Burning Equipment
1. Single units.
<, 1 MM Btu/hr fuel input: 0.5 Ib/MM Btu heat input
> 1 MM Btu/hr <500 MM Btu/hr:
use formula: PE = 0.5 (FI)-°'26
where: PE is particulate emissions in Ib/MM Btu;
FI is fuel input in MM Btu/hour
>500 MM Btu/hr: 0.1 Ib/MM Btu
2. Multiple Units.
Where 2 or more units connect to any opening, each
separate unit shall have the same maximum emission rate
as determined using IV. A. 1. above for single units
and the total for the combined facility shall be equal
to the sum of all separate unit rates.
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COLORADO: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
IV. Emission Standards for Particulate Matter (Contd.)
B. Maximum Emissions from Incinerators.
1. Inside designated air pollution control areas:
0.10 gr/SCF (Dry) flue gas, corrected to 12$ C02
2. Outside designated air pollution control areas:
0.15 gr/SCF (Dry) flue gas, corrected to 12$ C02
C. Maximum Emissions from Manufacturing Processes
1. Process Weight Rates <30 tons/hr
Use: E=3.59P°'62
Where: E is maximum emission in Ib/hr, and
P is procesr weight rate in tons/hr
2. Process Weight Rates >30 tons/hr
Use: E = 17.31P0-16
Where: (E and P are as defined in C.I. above.)
V. Emission Standards for Sulfur Dioxide and Sulfur Compounds
A. General
1. Standards for Compounds with Sulfur in Oxidized State
a) For the purposes of this regulation all oxidized
forms of sulfur (including but not restricted to
sulfur trioxide (SOo), thionyl chloride
(SOC12), sulfuric acid mist (HpSOn)
shall be considered as sulfur dioxide. The
standards herein for S02 shall be applied to
such compounds after converting them on a molar
basis to equivalent S02 and totalling all such
equivalent moles for tne entire gaseous emission
stream or source.
2. Also see section IX for standards limiting certain
sulfur compounds in new stationary sources (fossil-fu
fired steam generators and petroleum refineries -
IX.A.3. and IX.C.5., respectively).
B. Current Sulfur Dioxide (S02) Standards for Process
Units.
1. Maximum Concentration of SOp^in Emissions
500 ppm (by vol.)
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COLORADO; STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
V. Emission Standards for Sulfur Dioxide and Sulfur Compounds
(Contd.)
C. Sulfur Dioxide Standards for Process Units - to be
effective on Jan. 1, 1985.
1. Maximum Concentration of SO? and Rate of Emissions
500 ppm (By vol.)
and: Emissions of not greater than 5 tons SC>2
per day from any process unit (applies only to
S02 concentrations of 150 ppm by vol. or
more).
2. Any sources to be constructed or contracted for
construction after Jan. 1, 1980 shall meet the 1985
standards in C.I. above.
VI. Standards for Odorous Emissions
A. Standards for land areas used predominantly for residential
or commercial purposes:
Odors not to be detectable after air sample diluted
with 7 volumes or more of odor free air.
B. Standards for all land area usage other than as in
subsection A:
Odors not to be detectable after air sample diluted
with 15 volumes or more of odor free air.
C. Exceptions.
1. In the case of manufacturing processes, no violation of
this regulation shall occur if the best practical
control method currently available is installed and
utilized for abatement of the emission.
2. Regardless of area, however, an emission shall be in
violation of this regulation when odors are detected in
an emission sample diluted with 127 volumes or more of
odor free air.
VII. Emission Standards for Hydrocarbon Vapors
A. Standards for Waste Gas Disposal.
1. Hydrocarbon vapors from blowdown systems or emergency
relief valves: shall be burned in smokeless flares or
Division approved equipment of equal efficiency.
B. Standards for Organic Solvents
1. Definitions
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COLORADO: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
VII. Emission Standards for Hydrocarbon Vapors (Contd.)
a) For the purposes of this subsection B. organic
materials are defined as chemical compounds of
carbon excluding carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide,
carbonic acid, metallic carbides, metallic
carbonates, and ammonium carbonate.
b) For the purposes of this subsection B. organic
solvents include diluents and thinners and are
defined as organic materials which are liquids at
standard conditions and which are used as
dissolvers, viscosity reducers and cleaning agents.
c) For the purposes of this subsection B. a
photochemically reactive solvent is any solvent
with an aggregate of more than 20$ of its total
volume composed of the chemical compounds
classified below or which exceeds any of the
following individual percentage composition
limitations, referred to the total volume of
solvent.
i) A combination of hydrocarbons, alcohols,
aldehydes, esters, ethers, or ketones having
an olefinic or cyclo-olefinic type of
unsaturation: 5%
ii) A combination of aromatic compounds with eight
or more carbon atoms to the molecule, except
ethylbenzene: 8/6
iii) A combination of ethylbenzene, ketones having
branched hydrocarbon structures,
trichloroethylene or toluene: 2Q%.
Whenever any organic solvent or any constituent of
an organic solvent may be classified from its
chemical structure into more than one of the above
groups of organic compounds, it shall be considered
as a member of the most reactive chemical group;
that is, that group having the least allowable
percent of the total volume of solvents.
[Colorado Air Regulation No. 7 includes a table of
"Photochemical Reactivity of Common Solvents" whioh
shows the category i)-iii) above in which each
listed solvent fits or that the solvent may be used
in all percentages.]
2. Affected facilities and substances.
a) Emissions of organic materials to the atmosphere
from the clean-up, with photocheraically reactive
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COLORADO: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
VII. Emission Standards for Hydrocarbon Vapors (Contd.)
solvent as defined in subsection B.l.c) of any
article, machine, equipment, or other contrivance
described in subsections B.3.a)-c) shall be
included with the other emissions of organic
materials from that article, machine, equipment, or
other contrivance for determining compliance with
this Section B.
3. Emission Standards
a) It shall be prohibited to discharge into the
atmosphere more than 15 pounds of organic materials
in any one day, nor more than 3 pounds thereof in
any one hour, from any article, machine, equipment
or other contrivance in which any organic solvent
or any material containing organic solvent comes in
contact with flame or is baked, heat-cured, or
heat-polyr~rized, in the presence of oxygen, unless
said discharge has been reduced by at least 85$.
b) It shall be prohibited to discharge into the
atmosphere more than 40 pounds of organic materials
in any one day, nor more than 8 pounds in any one
hour, from any article, machine, equipment, or
other contrivance used under conditions other than
described in a) above for employing, or applying,
any photochemically reactive solvent, as defined in
subsection B.l.c) or material containing such
photochemically reactive solvent, unless said
discharge has been reduced by at least 85 percent.
Emissions of organic materials into the atmosphere
resulting from air or heated drying of products for
the first 12 hours after their removal from any
article, machine, equipment, or other contrivance
described in this subsection B. shall be included
in determining compliance with this subsection.
Emissions resulting from baking, heat-curing, or
heat-polymerizing as described in subsection B.
3.a)shall be excluded from determination of
compliance with this subsection.
c) It shall be prohibited to discharge into the
atmosphere more than 3,000 pounds of organic
materials in any one day, nor more than U50 pounds
in any one hour, from any article, machine,
equipment or other contrivance in which any
non-photochemically reactive organic solvent or any
material containing such solvent is employed or
applied, unless said discharge has been reduced by
at least 85 percent. Emissions of organic
materials into the atmosphere resulting from air or
heated drying of products for the first 12 hours
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COLORADO; STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
VII. Emission Standards for Hydrocarbon Vapors (Contd.)
after their removal from any article, machine,
equipment, or other contrivance described in this
subsection c) shall be included in determining
compliance with this subsection c). Emissions
resulting from baking, heat-curing, or heat-poly-
merizing as described in subsection B.3.a) shall be
excluded from determination of compliance with this
subsection.
d) Emissions of organic materials into the atmosphere
required to be controlled by subsection B.3.a)-c)
shall be reduced by:
i) Incineration, provided that 90 percent or more
of the carbon in the organic material being
incinerated is oxidized to carbon dioxide,
ii) Adsorption, or
iii) Processing in a manner to be not less efficient
than i) or ii) above, provided said processing
and equipment, as documented, is submitted to
and approved by the Division.
H. Exceptions. The provisions of this subsection B. shall
not apply to:
a) The manufacture of organic solvents, or the
transport or storage of organic solvents or
materials containing organic solvents.
b) The use of equipment for which other requirements
are specified by other subsections of this section
VII, or which are exempt from air pollution control
requirements.
c) The use of any material in any article, machine,
equipment, or other contrivance described in
B.3.a)-c) if the organic solvent or any material
containing organic solvent does not come into
direct contact with flame, and if the total
volatile content of the material is not photo-
chemically reactive as defined in B.1.c), and it
meets any one of the following conditions:
i) The total volatile content contains not more
than 20% by volume organic solvent, and the
remainder consists only of water, or
ii) The total volatile content does not exceed 30$
by volume, and a substantial portion of which
evaporates before reaching the first heated
zone, or
iii) The total volatile content does not exceed 5%
by volume.
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COLORADO; STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
VIII. Emissions Standards for Hazardous Chemical Substances and
Physical Agents
A. Substances on TLV Lists
1. No person shall cause or permit the emission of any
chemical substance or physical agent listed in the 1973
edition of "Threshold Limit Values" (TLV) as published
by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial
Hygienists (ACGIH), adopted at the 35th Annual Meeting
in Boston, Mass, in May, 1973 to exceed the allowable
emission rate as determined herein. Only those
substances and agents with numerical limit values on
such TLV list and substances specially designated
herein shall be subject to the limitations of this
Section VIII.
a) Exemptions to standards in this section VIII are
shown in VIII. D.
2. A partial listing (only compounds beginning with letter
Maw) of threshold limit values for hazardous substances
and agents as adopted by the ACGIH and referenced in
A.1. is shown below. No analysis has been made of this
list to determine relevant compounds and values for
standards, as it is anticipated that analysis of health
effects and projected standards for many such currently
non-criteria trace elements is to be the subject of
future project work.
ADOPTED VALUES (in Alphabetic Order) a) b
Substance ppm mg/M
Abate - 10
+ Acetaldehyde 100 180
Acetic acid 10 25
+C Acetic anhydride 5 20
Acetone 1,000 2,400
Acetonitrile 40 70
2-Acetylamino-fluorene- Skin - A^
Acetylene F
Acetylene dichloride, see 1,
2-Dichloroethylene
Acetylene tetrabromide 1 14
Acrolein 0.1 0.25
Acrylamide - Skin - 0.3
Acrylonitrile - Skin 20 45
Aldrin - Skin - 0.25
Allyl alcohol - Skin 2 3
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COLORADO; STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
VIII. Emission Standards for Hazardous Chemical Substances and
Physical Agents (Contd.)
Allyl chloride 1 5
•C Allyl glycidyl ether (AGE) (10) (45)
Allyl propyl disulfide 2 12
Alundum (Al 0 ) - E
4-Aminodiphenyl - Skin - Alb
2-Aminoethanol, see Ethanolamine -
2-Aminopyridine 0.5 2
+ Ammonia 25 18
• Ammonium chloride, fume - 10
Ammonium sulfamate (Ammate) - 10
n-Amyl acetate 100 525
sec-Amyl acetate 125 650
Aniline - Skin 5 19
Anlsidine (o, p-isomers) -Skin - 0.5
Antimony & compounds (as Sb) - 0.5
ANTU (alpha naphthyl thiourea) - 0.3
ADOPTED VALUES (in Alphabetic Order)
a) b)
Substance ppm mg/JP
Argon F
Arsenic & compounds (as As) - 0.5
Arsine 0.05 0.2
Asphalt (petroleum) fumes - 5
Azinphos methyl - Skin - 0.2
NOTES
Capital letters refer to appendices (not included
herein)
• 1972 Addition
** See notice of intended changes
+ 1973 Addition
a) Parts of vapor or gas per million parts of contaminated
air by volume at 25°C and 760 mm Hg. pressure.
b) Approximate milligrams of substance per cubic meter of
air.
d) An atmospheric concentration of not more than 0.02 ppm
or personal protection may be necessary to avoid '
headaches.
e) <5-7 urn in diameter
f) As sampled by method that does not collect vapor.
g) According to analytically determined composition.
h) For control of general room air, biologic monitoring ia
essential for personnel control.
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COLORADO; STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
VIII. Emission Standards for Hazardous Chemical Substances and
Physical Agents (Contd.)
3. The provisions of A.1. above shall apply to lead with
substitutions as follow for the T.L.V. value of lead in
the referenced T.L.V. list (for use in allowable emission
calculation procedures herein) .
T.L.V.
lead: 0.04 mg/M3 (Use as a "C" prefix limit in
calculations herein with no excursion factor to
be included).
4. Determination of allowable emissions for substances in
A.I.-3. herein shall be carried out as shown in
subsection VIII. C.
5. Any person subject to this regulation must also conform
to standards of all other applicable Colorado air
regulations and meet the most stringent requirements as
between such other regulations and all applicable
standards herein.
B. Standards for Beryllium
1. TLV Standard
ird
l3~(
0.002 mg/M^ (no "C" prefix)
2. Additional Standards for Beryllium Emissions from
Incinerators
a) Definition. "Incinerator" means any furnace used in
the process of burning waste for the primary purpose
of reducing the volume of the waste by removing
combustible matter.
b) The burning of beryllium or beryllium containing
waste is prohibited except in incinerators.
c) Maximum emission
10g/24 hr period, except as provided for in 1.d)
below
d) Alternate standard
It may be requested, subject to application to and
approval from the Division, that an ambient
concentration limit for beryllium in the vicinity of
the source be used as an alternate to the emission
standard in 1.b) above.
This ambient s-tandard is:
0.01 ug/bP, averaged over a 30-day period.
(approval requires submittal of considerable recent
historical process operating data)
C. Calculation Method for TLV Substances
Regulation No. 8 of the Colorado air regulations presents
procedures for calculating allowable emissions in g/sec of
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COLORADO: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES •
VIII. Emission Standards for Hazardous Chemical Substances and
Physical Agents (Contd.)
substances to which this section VIII is applicable. A brief
summary of these procedures follows.
1. Data Needed
a) h (stack height) being the height in meters of point
of emission into atmosphere above ground level.
b) Effluent flowrate being the flowrate in cubic meters
per second of effluent gases, corrected to actual
conditions exiting from the opening.
c) Temperature of effluent in degrees centigrade.
2. Basic Formulae. (Some substances on the TLV list have
"C" prefixes, others do not. "C" prefixes, in effect,
mean the adopted value is a maximum allowable
concentration where excursions of concentration above
this value for periods up t<~ 15 minutes may result in
certain intolerable or *rre*ersible effects).
a) for substances with "C" prefixes use:
E = (TLV value) (Factor "A")
where: E is allowable emission rate in g/sec; and
TLV value is in Mg/M3 and taken from the TLV
value tables (of ACGIH); and Factor «A«? is in MM
m3/sec and taken from the applicable
nomograph in Colorado Regulation No. 8.
b) for substances without "C" prefixes use:
E = (TLV value) (Factor "A") (Excursion Factor)
where: E, TLV and Factor "A" are all as defined
in 2.a), above, and the Excursion Factor is taken
from the proper table in Regulation No. 8.
i) Excursion factors relate 7 or 8 hour exposures
to maximum allowable short-term concentra-
tions. They are not to be used if emission
durations exceed 9 consecutive hours in any 24
hr period.
3. Calculation Procedure
a~5Factor "A" is determined from a nomograph by use of
the Effective Stack Height (He), in meters, which in
turn varies with actual stack height (h) in meters,
and plume rise (h), in meters, according to:
He = h + h
b) h is obtained from a table in Regulation 8 and is
dependent on Heat Emission Rate, Qh, in Kcal/sec.
c) Qh is obtained from the relationship:
Qh s 0.25 (Temp., °C) (Flowrate, m3/sec)
where: Qh is in Kcal/sec, and flowrate is that
of the effluent gases
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VIII. Emission Standards for Hazardous Chemical Substances and
Physical Agents (Contd.)
d) The TLV value is then determined for the compound
from the TLV list in Regulation No. 8. If there is
an excursion factor (substance has no "C" prefix), it
is obtained from the proper table in Regulation No. 8
(varying with TLV value).
e) The allowable emission rate (E) in g/sec is then
calculated using the values so determined in the
formula in either 2. a) or 2. b) above depending on
whether a "C" prefix exists for the substance.
D. Exemptions to the standards of section VIII.
1. Gasoline and diesel-powered engines
2. Carbon dioxide
3. Sulfur dioxide
4. Oxides of nitrogen from combustion processes of less than
500,000 Btu/hr.
IX. Standards for New Stationary Sources
A. Fossil-Fuel Fired Steam Generators
1. Affected Facilities: Units >250 MM Btu/hr heat input.
2. Particulate Matter Standard
a) Maximum emission
0.10 Ib/MM Btu heat input, max. 2-hr average
b) Maximum opacity
20^6, except 40/6 permissable for not more than two
hrs in any one hr.
Exception: Where the presence of uncombined water
is the only reason for failure to meet the above
opacity requirements, it shall not be a violation.
3. Sulfur Dioxide (SC^) Standard
a) Maximum emission
T)Liquid fossil fuel: 0.80 Ib/MM Btu heat input,
max. 2-hr average
ii) Solid fossil fuel: 1.2 Ib/MM Btu heat input,
max. 2-hr average
iii) Where different fossil fuels are burned
simultaneously in any combination, the standard
shall be determined by the following:
Use: std= Y(0.80) + Z(1.2) (std. in Ib/MM Btu)
X + Y + Z
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COLORADO; STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
IX. Standards for New Stationary Sources(Contd.)
Where: X is the % of total heat input from
gaseous fossil fuel,
Y is the % of total heat input from
liquid fossil fuel, and
Z is the % of total heat input from
solid fossil fuel.
4. Nitrogen Oxides Standard
a) Maximum emission
(Ibs, expressed as NC^)
i) gaseous fossil fuel: 0.20 Ib/MM Btu heat
input, max. 2 hr average
ii) liquid fossil fuel: 0.30 Ib/MM Btu heat
input, max. 2 hr average
iii) solid fossil fuel: 0.70 Ib/MM Btu heat
input, max. 2 hr average
iv) where different fossil fuels are burned
simultaneously in any combination, the standard
shall be determined by the following:
Use: std = X(0.20) + Y(0.30) + Z(0.70)
X + Y + Z
Where: X is the % of total heat input from
gaseous fossil fuel, and
Y is the % of total heat input from
liquid fossil fuel, and
Z is the % of total heat input from
solid fossil fuel.
B. Incinerators
1. Affected Facilities: Incinerators of more than 50 tons
per day charging rate.
2. Particulate Matter Standard
a) Maximum emission
0.08 gr/S.C.F., corrected to 12$ C02,
max. 2-hr average
C. Petroleum Refineries
1. Affected Facilities: fluid catalytic cracking unit
catalyst regenerators, fluid catalytic cracking unit
incinerator waste heat boilers, and fuel gas combustion
devices within petroleum refineries.
2. Definitions
a) "Fuel gas" means any gas which is generated by a
petroleum refinery process unit and which is
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COLORADO: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
IX. Standards for New Stationary Sources(Contd.)
combusted, including any gaseous mixture of natural
gas and fuel gas which is combusted.
b) "Fuel gas combustion device" means any equipment,
such as process heaters, boilers and flares used to
combust fuel gas, but does not include fluid coking
unit and fluid catalytic cracking unit incinerator-
waste heat boilers or facilities in which gases are
combusted to produce sulfur or sulfuric acid.
c) "Petroleum" means the crude oil removed from the
earth and the oils derived from tar sands, shale, and
coal.
d) "Petroleum refinery" means any facility engaged in
producing gasoline, kerosene, distillate fuel oils,
residual fuel oils, lubricants, or other products
through distillation of petroleum or through redis-
tillation, cracking or reforming of unfinished
petroleum derivatives.
e) "Process gas" means any gas generated by a petroleum
refinery process unit, except fuel gas and process
upset gas.
f) "Refinery process unit" means any segment of the
petroleum refinery in which a specific processing
operation is conducted.
3. Particulate Matter Standard; Opacity Standard
a) For fluid catalytic cracking unit catalyst
regenerators and fluid catalytic cracking unit
incinerator-waste heat boilers:
i) Maximum particulate emission
1.0 lb/1000 Ib of coke burn-off
ii) Maximum opacity
less than 30%, except for 3 minutes in any 1
hour (where uncombined water is the only
reason for failure to meet this requirement,
there is no violation)
4. Carbon Monoxide (CO)
a) For fluid catalytic cracking unit catalyst
regenerator:
Maximum emission
0.050$ (by vol.) in exit gases
5. Sulfur Dioxide
a) For fuel gas combustion devices:
i) Maximum HgS in fuel gas entering
0.10 gr/D.S.C.F.
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COLORADO: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
IX. Standards for New Stationary Sources(Contd.)
ii) Exemptions and exceptions from 5.a)i) above:
Combustion of process gas in a flare or the
combustion in a flare of process gas or fuel gas
from relief valve leakage is exempt. An
election can be made to treat the gases
resulting from the combustion of a fuel gas in a
manner which limits the release of S02 to
the atmosphere if it is shown to the
satisfaction of the Division that this prevents
S02 emissions as effectively as compliance
with 5.a)i).
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COLORADO SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL REGULATIONS
Basis: Title 30, Article 20 - Part I Solid Waste
Disposal Sites and Facilities
Agency: Colorado Department of Health
I. Certificate of Designation
A. A Certificate of Designation from the Board of
County Commissioners of the county is required for
any person to operate a solid waste disposal site
in the unincorporated portion of any country.
B. No private dumping of solid wastes shall be made
on any property within the unincorporated portion
of any country, except on or at an approved site
and facility, but private dumping of one's own
solid wastes on one's own property is allowed as
long as it does not constitute a public nuisance,
and is in accordance with the rules and
regulations of the department.
II. Scope of Regulations
A. The regulations shall be applicable to all solid
waste disposal sites and facilities, whether
designated by ordinance within the corporate
limits or by the Board of County Commissioners in
unincorporated areas.
III. Minimum Standards
A. Obnoxious odors shall be prevented, also rodent
and insect breeding and infestation shall be
prevented.
B. Such sites and facilities shall comply with the
health laws and regulations, and the air pollution
control requirements.
C. Radioactive materials shall not be disposed of in
sites not specifically designated for that
purpose.
D. A site and facility operated as a sanitary
landfill shall provide means of finally disposing
of solid wastes on land in a manner to minimize
nuisance conditions, and shall have adequate cover
and survace drainage to prevent ponding and water
and wind erosion.
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COLORADO SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL REGULATIONS
III. Minimum Standards (Contd.)
E. Sites and facilities shall be adequately fenced to
prevent waste material and debris from escaping.
F. Solid wastes deposited at any site or facility
shall not be burned, provided however, in extreme
emergencies, authorization for burning under
controlled conditions may be given by the
Department.
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IDAHO WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
Basis: Water Quality Standards and Wastewater Treatment
Requirements (June, 1973).
Agency: Idaho Department of Environmental and Community
Services.
I. GENERAL
A. Highest and Best Practicable Treatment and Control
Required
Notwithstanding the water quality standards, where a
higher standard can be achieved, the highest and best
practicable treatment and/or control of wastewaters
activities and flows shall be provided so as to
maintain dissolved oxygen at the highest desirable
levels and overall water quality as good as possible;
with water temperatures, coliform bacteria, dissolved
chemical substances, toxic materials, radioactivity,
turbidities, cr^or, odor and other deleterious factors
at the lowest desirable levels.
B. General Water Quality Standards
Note: The following general water quality standards
will apply to all waters of the state, both
surface and underground, in addition to the
specific water quality standards. Waters of the
state shall not contain:
1. Toxic chemicals of other than natural origin
in concentrations found to be of public
health significance or to adversely affect
the use for which the waters have been
classified.
2. Deleterious substances of other than natural
origin.
3. Radioactive materials or radioactivity other
than natural origin which:
a) Exceed the Idaho Radiation Control
Regulations.
b) Exceed the concentrations specified in the
1962 U.S. Public Health Service Drinking
Water Standards for waters used for
domestic supplies.
c) Have a demonstrable effect on aquatic
life.
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IDAHO WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
I. GENERAL (CONTD.)
4. Floating or submerged matter not attributable to
natural causes.
5. Excess nutrients.
6. Visible concentrations of oil, sludge deposits,
scum, foam or other material that may adversely
affect the use indicated.
7. Objectionable turbidity not of natural origin.
II. SPECIFIC WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
Note: The following specific water quality criteria
represents the most stringent provisions as
specified for the water use classification and, by
restricting effluent emissions so as not to cause
the receiving water to exceed the standards shown
below, should satisfy any of the water quality for
the state for any water use designation.
Substance
1 . Total Colif orm
2. Fecal Colif orm
3. Dissolved Oxygen
4. pH
5. Temperature
6. Turbidity
Limitation
50/100 ml Geometric Mean
20% of total samples for 30
day period 200/100 ml.
10/100 ml Geometric Mean
10% of total samples for 30
day period 20/100 ml; 50/100
ml for single sample.
6 mg/1
6.5 to 9.0
No measurable increase when
water temperatures are 66°F
or above; no more than 2°F
increase when water tempera-
tures are 64°F or less. (as
measured immediately outside
the established mixing zone).
5 Jackson Units (other than
natural origin, if turbidity
is greater than 5 Jackson
Units, then there shall be
no increase greater than 5
additional Jackson Units).
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IDAHO WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
II. SPECIFIC WATER QUALITY STANDARDS (CONTD.)
Substance Limitation
7. Total Dissolved Gas 110 % of saturation at
atmospheric pressure at
point of sample collections.
III. REGULATIONS GOVERNING WASTEWATER DISCHARGES
A. Any person who conducts any operation which results in
the discharge of wastewater shall furnish the Depart-
ment of Environmental and Community Services such
information as they desire.
B. Determination of adequate treatment for wastewater
shall be the equivalent of 85% removal of the BOD and
suspended solids, or conform with any more stringent
limitations necessary to meet the state's water
quality standards. Adequate waste treatment includes
disinfection of any waste which may contain organisms,
that produce disease in man or animals. Failure to
provide adequate treatment shall be considered a
violation of these regulations.
C. Notwithstanding the water quality standards contained
herein, the quality of discharges to lakes and impound-
ments as defined by its various physical and chemical
properties shall not exceed the values obtained for
the same properties of the receiving water except
where an effluent is currently discharged to a flowing
stream which subsequently becomes an impoundment or
where an industry currently discharges an effluent
which is lower in quality than the receiving water
only in terms of temperature.
D. Waste disposal facilities to subsurface shall be
designed and located such that sources of water
pollution will not enter adjacent waters. Such
disposal systems shall not be located within 300 feet
of the shores of lakes and impoundments, including
tributary streams used for domestic, recreational or
aesthetic purposes, as determined from the known
highest water level of such waters.
E. Deleterious matter shall not be stored, disposed of,
or allowed to accumulate in the immediate vicinity of
any portion of the waters of the state in a manner
that such material will or is likely to enter the
water. This material shall include, but not be
limited to, oil, chemicals, trash and rubbish.
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IDAHO WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
III. REGULATIONS GOVERNING WASTEWATER DISCHARGES (CONTD.)
F. Accidental spills of deleterious materials shall be
contained in such a manner that the waters will not be
contaminated or polluted and the Department shall be
notified of any such spills.
IV. REGULATIONS GOVERNING SPECIFIC ACTIVITIES
A. Land Treatment and/or disposal of liquid waste
materials.
1. Wastewater shall be restricted to the premises of
the disposal site unless a permit has been obtained
authorizing a discharge to a waterway.
2. Provisions shall be made for monitoring the quality
of the ground water in proximity of the disposal
area. The minimum frequency of monitoring and data
submittal will be determined by the Department.
3. Land treatment and/or disposal shall not create a
public health hazard, a nuisance condition, or an
air pollution problem.
V. DEFINITIONS
A. Department - means the Idaho Department of Environ-
mental and Community Services.
B. Effluent - any point source wastewater discharged
directly or indirectly to the waters of
the state or to any storm sewer and the
runoff from land used for the disposi-
tion of wastewater or sludges.
C. Wastewater - Sewage, industrial waste and associated
solids or combinations of these, whether
treated or untreated, plus any admix
runoff from the land.
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IDAHO; STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
Agency: Idaho Department of Health and Welfare
I. General Provisions
A. Definitions
1. "Air Contaminant" means dust, fume, gas, mist, odor,
smoke, vapor, pollen, soot, carbon or particulate
matter or any combination thereof.
2. "Air Pollution" means the presence in the outdoor
atmosphere of any contaminant or combination thereof
in such quantity of such nature and duration and under
such conditions as would be injurious to human health
or welfare, to animal or plant life, or to property,
or to interfere unreasonably with the enjoyment of
life or property.
3. "Fuel-burning Equipment" means any furnace, boiler,
apparatus, stack and all appurtenances thereto, used
in the process c" burning fuel for the primary purpose
of producing heat or power by indirect heat transfer.
U. "Fugitive Dust" means solid, airborne particulate
matter emitted from any source other than through a
stack.
5. "Incinerator" means any source consisting of a furnace
and all appurtenances thereto designed for the
destruction of refuse by burning. "Open Burning" is
not considered incineration. For purposes of these
rules the destruction of any combustible liquid or
gaseous material by burning in a flare stack shall be
considered incineration.
6. "Industrial Process" means any step in a manufacturing
operation which results in the emission of particulate
matter to the atmosphere.
7. "Particulate Matter" means any material, except water
in uncorabined form, that exists as a liquid or a solid
at standard conditions.
8. "Process Weight" means the total weight of all mat-
erials introduced into any source operation which may
cause any emissions of particulate matter. Process
weight includes solid fuels charged, but does not in-
clude liquid and gaseous fuels charged nor combustion
air.
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IDAHO; STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
I. General Provisions (Contd.)
9. "Process Weight Rate" means the rate established as
follows: 'For continuous or long-run steady-state
source operations, the total process weight for the
entire period of continuous operation or for a typical
portion thereof divided by the number of hours of such
period or portion thereof.
For cyclical or batch source operations, the total
process weight for a period that covers a complete
operation or an integral number of cycles, divided by
the hours of actual process operation during such a
period. Where the nature of any process or operation
or the design of any equipment is such as to permit
more than one interpretation of this definition, the
interpretation that results in the minimum value for
allowable emission shall apply.
II. Visible Emission Standards
A. Maximum Emissions
No. 1 on Ringelmann Chart (or equivalent opacity),
except for three minutes in any one hour.
Exception: This provision shall not apply when the
presence of uncombined water is the only
reason for failure to comply.
III. Emission Standards for Fugitive Dust
A. Affected facilities: Any facility that emits or causes
fugitive dust.
B. Control Standards: All reasonable precautions shall be
taken to prevent particulate matter from becoming
airborne. Reasonable precautions shall include but are
not limited to the following:
1. Use, where possible, of water or chemicals for
control of dust in the demolition of existing
buildings or structures, construction operations, the
grading of roads, or the clearing of land.
2. Application of asphalt, oil, water or suitable
chemicals to, or covering of dirt roads, material
stockpiles, and other surfaces which can create
dusts.
3. Installation and use of hoods, fans, and fabric
filters or equivalent systems to enclose and vent the
handling of dusty materials. Adequate containment
methods should be employed during sandblasting or
other operations.
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IDAHO: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
III. Emission Standards for Fugitive Dust (Contd.)
4. Covering, at all times when in motion, open bodied
trucks transporting materials likely to give rise to
airborne dusts.
5. Paving of roadways and maintaining them in a clean
condition.
6. Prompt removal of earth or other stored material from
streets.
IV. Emission Standards for Particulate Matter
A. Fuel Burning Equipment
1. Affected Facilities: All fossil fuel burning equip-
ment rated _> one MM Btu/hr heat input.
2. Maximum Particulate Emissions
a) Total heat input, £10 MM
Btu/hr: 0.6 Ibs/MM Btu heat
input
Total heat input, VI0 MMM
Btu/hr: 0.12 Ibs/ MM Btu heat
input
Total heat input, >10 MM
Btu/hr <10 MMM Btu/hr: Log Y = 0.2300 log X
2.0111
where: Y Ibs of particulates, and X is
the total heat input in MM Btu
b) Heat input shall be calculated as the aggregate
heat content of all fuels (using the upper limit
of their range of heating value) whose products of
combustion pass through the stack or chimney.
i) When two or more fuel burning units are
connected to a single etack, the combined heat
input of all units connected to the stack shall
be used to determine the allowable emission
from the stack.
B. Industrial Processes
1. Affected facilities: any operation, process, or
activity not identified by name and specifically
regulated elsewhere in these regulations.
2. Maximum Particulate Emissions
Use the following:
for process weight £60,000 Ib/hr
E = H.
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IDAHO; STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
IV. Emission Standards for Particulate Matter (Contd.)
for process weight >60,000 Ib/hr
E = 55. OP0'11 -40
where: (in both equations):
E is the emission rate in Ib/hr, and
P is process weight rate in T/hr
C. Incinerators
1 . Maximum Particulate Emissions (All Incinerators)
0.2 lbs/100 Ibs refuse burned ~ ~
2. All incinerators shall comply with the provisions and
requirements of the design standards for "Multiple-
Chamber Incinerators" adopted by Los Angeles County
Ca. or shall be approved by the Department as being*
equally effective for air pollution control.
V. Standards for Sulfur Content in Fuels
A. Definitions
1. "Distillate Fuel Oil" means any oil meeting the
specifications of ASTM Grade 1 or 2 fuel oils.
2. "Residual Fuel Oil" means any oil meeting the
specifications of ASTM Grade 4, 5, and 6 fuel oil
B. Residual fuel oil
Maximum Sulfur Content
1.75$ (by weight)
C. Distillate Fuel Oil
Maximum Sulfur Content
ASTM Grade 1 fuel oil - 0.3* (by weight)
ASTM Grade 2 fuel oil - 0.5% (by weight)
D. Coal
Maximum Sulfur Content
1 .056 (by weight)
VI Standards for Fluoride Emissions
A. It shall be prohibited to discharge into the atmosphere
fluorine, fluorides, or other fluorine compounds in SUGK
quantities (in combination with all other sources of
fluorine, fluorides, or fluorine compounds, both natural
and man-made) that the total fluoride content in
~
tation for feed and forage resulting from contact with
the ambient air exceeds:
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IDAHO: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
VI. Standards for Fluoride Emissions (Contd.)
a) 40 parts per million, dry basis - annual arithmetic
mean.
b) 60 parts per million, dry basis - monthly concentration
for two consecutive months.
c) 80 parts per million, dry basis - monthly concentra-
tion never to be exceeded.
VII. Standards for Control of Odors
A. Affected facilities: All sources of odorous emissions
for which no other gaseous emission control regulations
herein apply.
B. Standards
1. It shall be prohibited to cause or allow the emission
of odorous gases, liquids, or solids in such quanti-
ties as to cause air pollution.
2. It shall be prohibited to cause or allow chemical
processes utilizing animal, mineral, or vegetable
matter to be operated without employing reasonable
measures for the control of odorous emissions includ-
ing wet scrubbers, incinerators, chemical or other
such measures as may be approved by the Department.
VIII. Standards for New Stationary Sources
A. The relevant Federal regulations for the new stationary
emission sources (40 CFR, Part 60) shown in subsection B.
below are incorporated with one change as noted. The
portions of those relevant Federal regulations have been
synopsized herein and this synopsis may be found under the
"Federal EPA Regulations and Standards" section of this
report.
B. The Federal regulations incorporated herein because
relevant or partially relevant to fossil-fuel conversion
facilities within the scope of this project cover the
following listed plants or facilities:
1. Fossil-fuel fired steam generators (40 CFR, Part 60,
Subpart D).»
•When considering an application for a Permit to Construct a fossil
fuel fired steam generator, the Department shall determine on a
case-by-case basis whether emissions may be reduced to a greater
degree than these Federal emissions standards by the application of
the best currently available control technology. The Department will
set forth its reasons for the inclusion of such emission standards
that are more restrictive than the Federal emission standards.
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IDAHO: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
VIII. Standards for New Stationary Sources (Contd.)
2. Incinerators (40 CFR, Part 60, Subpart E).
3. Storage Vessels for Petroleum Liquids (40 CFR, Part
60, Subpart K).
4. Petroleum Refineries (40 CFR, Part 60, Subpart J).
C. Sources not specifically regulated under subsections A.
and B. above shall achieve the greatest degree of
emission reduction that has been adequately demonstrated.
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IDAHO SOLID WASTE REGULATIONS
Basis: Idaho Solid Waste Management Regulations and
Standards (June 1973)
Agency: Idaho Department of Health and Welfare
I. Conditional Use Permit
A. Solid Waste Management operations other than sanitary
landfills and some activities at sanitary landfills
will be required to apply for a conditional use permit.
II. Standards
A. Standards which must be complied with at all solid
waste management sites shall include, but are not
limited to the following:
1. All weather access roads shall be provided to the
entrance of the site where a public road does not
exist.
2. Provision for weighing or measuring all solid waste
delivered to the site.
3. Communication shall be available at or readily
accessible to the site.
4. Necessary measures shall be taken to prevent and
extinguish fires, to include functional fire
extinguishers for all equipment and buildings.
5. Access to the site shall be limited to those times
when an attendant is on duty.
6. Unloading of solid waste shall be controlled for
proper operation.
7. Salvaging or recycling operations require a
conditional use permit.
8. Vector control procedures shall be established.
9. Adequate sanitary facilities shall be provided for
employees.
10. A daily written log shall be maintained by the site
operator.
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IDAHO SOLID WASTE REGULATIONS
II. Standards (Contd.)
B. Definitions
1. "Solid waste management site" - means any land area
used for storage, transfer, processing, separation
incineration, composition, treatment, recycling,
reuse, or disposal of solid wastes.
2. "Solid waste" - means all solid material that is
considered to be useless, unwanted, or discarded by
the person in possession of it. Solids in gaseous
or liquid wastes that are in the process of
treatment or reuse and naturally occurring rock and
soil are not considered solid waste.
3. "Sanitary landfill" - means a solid waste disposal
operation where the wastes are spread on land in
thin layers, compacted to the smallest practical
volume, and covered with cover material once each
day of operation in order to safeguard against
environmental pollution, nuisances, and health
hazards.
4. "Conditional Use Permit" - means a written
authorization issued by the Department which, by
its conditions, may authorize the permittee to
construct, install, or operate facilities and
conduct specific activities in accordance with
specified limitations.
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ILLINOIS WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
Basis: Water Pollution Rules and Regulations,
Chapter 3, September 1976
Agency: Illinois Environmental Protection Agency,
Pollution Control Board
Note: (1) The water quality standards must be met at
every point outside of the mixing zone.
No single mixing zone shall exceed the area of
a circle with a radius of 600 feet.
GENERAL WATER QUALITY STANDARDS - APPLICABLE
TO ALL STATE WATERS
A. All waters of the state shall be free from the
following:
1. Unnatural sludge or bottom deposits;
2. Floating debris;
3. Visible oil;
4. Odor;
5. Unnatural plant or algae growth;
6. Unnatural color or turbidity; and
7. Substances in concentrations or combinations toxic
or harmful to human, animal, plant or aquatic life
of other than natural origin.
B. pH (range) 6.5 - 9.0
C. Phosphorus (as P) £0.05 mg/1
D. Dissolved Oxygen >6.0 mg/1 at least 16 hours
of any 24 hour period, nor
less than 5.0 mg/1 at any
time.
E. Radioactivity Gross beta £100 pCi/1
Radium 226
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ILLINOIS WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
I. GENERAL WATER QUALITY STANDARDS - APPLICABLE
TO ALL WATERS (CONTD.)
F. The following levels of chemical constituents shall not
be exceeded:
Constituents
Ammonia Nitrogen (as N)
Arsenic (total)
Barium (total)
Boron (total)
Cadmium (total)
Chloride
Chromium (hexavalent)
Chromium (trivalent)
Copper (total)
Cyanide
Fluoride
Iron (total)
Lead (total)
Manganese (total)
Mercury (total)
Nickel (total)
Phenols
Selenium (total)
Silver (total)
Sulfate
Total Dissolved Solids
Zinc
G. Fecal Coliforms
Concentration (mg/1)
1.5
1.0
5.0
1.0
0.05
500.0
0.05
1.0
0.02
0.025
.4
.0
Note:
0.10
1.0
0.0005
1.0
0.10
1.0
0.005
500.0
1000.0
1.0
£200/100 ml, nor shall
more than 10$ of the
samples during any 30
day period exceed 400/100
ml.
The proposed amendments to the Illinois Water
Pollution Regulations have deleted this Fecal
Coliform limitation as shown in G immediately
above. The proposed amendments were published
in the June 9, 1977 Illinois Environmental
Register #148.
H. Toxic Substances
I. Temperature Rise
<1/10 of 48 hour median
tolerance limit (48-hr
TLM) for native fish or
essential fish food
organisms.
<5°F above natural
ambient temperature.
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ILLINOIS WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
II. SECONDARY CONTACT AND INDIGENOUS AQUATIC LIFE STANDARDS
A. Applicability
Waters which will be appropriated for recreational or
other use in which contact is either incidental or
accidental and which the probability of ingesting
appreciable quantities of water is minimal.
B. Waters designated for this restricted use shall meet
the following standards:
1. Freedom from unnatural sludge or bottom deposits,
floating debris, visible oil, odor, unnatural plant
and algae growth, or unnatural color or turbidity.
2. pH (range) 6.0 - 9.0
3. Fecal Coliform 0000 ml/100 ml based on
a minimum of 5 samples
taken over not more than
a 30 day period, nor
shall more than 10/6 of
the samples during any 30
day period exceed
2,000/100 ml.
Note: The proposed amendments to the Illinois
Water Pollution Regulations have deleted
this Fecal Coliform standard.
4. Concentrations of other substances shall not exceed
the applicable effluent standards as prescribed in
III below.
Note: The proposed amendments to the Illinois
Water Pollution Regulations have
substantially changed this section which is
as follows:
"Concentrations of other chamical
constituents shall not exceed the
following." [Proposed Rule 205(e)]
Constituent Concentration (mg/1)
Ammonia Nitrogen (as N) 2.5 (April-October)
4.0 (November-March)
Arsenic (total) 1.0
Barium (total) 5.0
Cadmium (total) 0.15
Chromium (total
Hexavalent 0.30
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ILLINOIS WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
II. SECONDARY CONTACT AND INDIGENOUS AQUATIC LIFE STANDARDS
(CONTD.)"~~
Constituent Concentration (mg/1)
Chromium (total
Trivalent) 1.0
Copper (total) 1.0
Cyanide 0.025
Fluoride (total) 15.0
Iron (total) 2.0
Iron (dissolved) 0.5
Lead (total) 0.10
Manganese (total) 1.0
Mercuiry (total) 0.0005
Nickel (total) 1.0
Oil (Hexane Solubles or 15.0
Equivalent)
Phenols 0.3
Selenium 1.0
Silver 0.10
Zinc (total) 1.0
Total Dissolved Solids 1000
5. Temperature Shall not exceed 93°F
more than 5* of the time
or 100°F at any time. '
Note: The proposed amendments to the Illinois
Water Pollution Regulations would add a new
standard to this section, which would be as
follows under number 6.
6. Toxic Substances
Any substance toxic to aquatic life not listed
under proposed rule 205(e) (see number M above)
shall not exceed one-half of the 96 hour medium
tolerance limit (96-hour TLM) for native fish or
essential fish food organisms.
III. EFFLUENT STANDARDS
Note: (1) Except as otherwise provided for, compliance
with the numerical standards in this part shall be
determined on the basis of 24 hour composite
samples, and no contaminant shall at any time exceed
five times the numerical standard prescribed in this
part.
A. No effluent shall contain the following:
1. Settleable solids;
2. Floating debris;
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ILLINOIS WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
III. EFFLUENT STANDARDS
3. Visible oil, grease, scum, or sludge solids, and
4. Color, odor and turbidity must be reduced below
obvious levels.
B. Fecal Coliforras £4-00/100 ml
Note: The proposed amendments to the Illinois Water
Pollution Regulations have deleted this fecal
coliforra effluent limitation and substitutes the
following:
No effluent from any source which discharges to
the following locations shall exceed 400 fecal
coliforms/100 ml: (proposed rule 405)
(a) Within 20 stream miles upstream of a public
beach. This limitation applies only during
May through September.
(b) Within 20 stream miles upstream of a water
intake for public or food processing water
supply.
(c) To any location where it may cause or
contribute to violation of another state's
water quality standards in interstate
waters.
C. Nitrogen I2.5 mg/1 - April through October
£4.0 mg/1 - at other times
D. Phosphorus £1.0 mg/1 within Lake Michigan Basin
and Fox River Basin.
E. Additional contaminants which shall not be exceeded by
any effluent:
Constituent Concentration (mg/1)
Arsenic (total 0.25
Barium (total) 2.0
Cadmium (total 0.15
Chromium (total hexavalent) 0.30
Chromium (total trivalent) 1.0
Copper (total) 1.0
Cyanide 0.025
Fluoride (total) . 15.0
Iron (total) 2.0
Iron (dissolved) 0.50
Lead (total) 0.10
Manganese (total) 1.00
Mercury (total) 0.0005
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ILLINOIS WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
III. EFFLUENT STANDARDS
Constituent Concentration (mg/1)
Nickel (total) ' 1.0
Oil (hexane solubles or 15.0
equivalent)
*pH (range) 5-10
Phenols • 0.3
Selenium (total) 1.0
Silver 0.1
Zinc (total) 1.0
Total Suspended Solids 15.0
(from sources other than those
covered by 3 below)
•The pH limitation is not subject to averaging and must
be met at all times.
2. Total Dissolved Solids £750 mg/1 above back-
ground concentration
levels, unless caused by
recycling or other
pollution abatement
practices, and in no
event shall exceed 3,500
mg/1 at any time.
3. All effluents containing Deoxygenating Wastes
(a) BOD5 130 mg/1
(b) Suspended Solids <37 mg/1
F. NPDES Effluent Standards
1. No person who has been issued a NPDES permit may
discharge any contaminant in his effluent in excess
of this standards and limitations set forth in the
permit.
2. No person may discharge any pollutant which
contributes to or threatens to cause a violation of
any applicable federal or state water quality
standard, effluent standard, guideline or other
limitation unless the limitation for such a
pollutant has been set forth in an applicable NPDES
permit.
IV. PERFORMANCE CRITERIA
A. Malfunctions
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ILLINOIS WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
IV. PERFORMANCE CRITERIA (CONTD.)
All treatment works and associated facilities shall be
constructed so as to minimize violations of the stan-
dards during such contingencies as flooding, adverse
weather, power failure, equipment failure, or
maintenance, through such measures as multiple units,
holding tanks, duplicate power sources, or such other
measures as may be appropriate.
B. Spills
All reasonable measures, including where appropriate,
the provision of catchment areas, relief vessels, or
entrapment dikes, shall be taken to prevent any
spillage of contaminants from causing water pollution.
V. PERMIT REQUIREMENTS (Other than NPDES)
A. Construction Permits
Except for treatment works or wastewater sources which
have or will have discharges for which NPDES permits
are required, and for which NPDES permits have been
issued by the agency, no person shall cause or allow
the construction of any new treatment works, sewer, or
wastewater source (or modification of existing
facilities) without a construction permit (with some
exceptions).
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ILLINOIS; STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
Agency: Illinois Pollution Control Board
I. General Provisions
A. Definitions
1. "Opacity" means a condition which renders material
partially or wholly impervious to transraittance of light
and causes obstruction of an observer's view.
2. "Actual heat input" means the quantity of heat produced
by the combustion of fuel using the gross heating value
of the fuel.
3. "Process" means any stationary emission source other
than a fuel combustion emission source or an incinerator
4. "Volatile Organic Material" means organic material which
has a vapor pressure of 2.5 pounds per square inch
absolute (psia) or greater at 70°F.
5. "Unregulated Safety Relief Valve" means a safety relief
valve which cannot be actuated by a means other than
high pressure in the pipe or vessel which it protects.
B. General prohibition of air pollution
The discharge or emission of any contaminant into the
environment in any state, either alone or in combination
with other contaminants, that cause or tends to cause air
pollution in Illinois, or to violate the provisions of
these regulations, or so as to prevent the attainment or
maintenance of any applicable ambient air quality standard
is prohibited.
II. Visible Emission Standards
A. Maximum Emission Standards
1. Fuel Combustion sources with actual heat input <250 MM
Btu per hr. ~
20 % Opacity
Exception: Opacity may be in excess of 20$ up to
40* for periods aggregating not more
than 3 minutes in any 60 minute
period and not in excess of 2Q%
opacity more than 3 times in any 2U
hour period, provided only a single
source is involved and such source i«
• not within a 1000 foot radius from
the center point of any other such
emission source on the same site.
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ILLINOIS; STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
II. Visible Emissions Standards (Contd.)
2. Maximum emission for other sources
a) 30/6 Opacity - generally; or,
b) 60$ Opacity for periods aggregating not more than
8 minutes in any 60 minute period and not in
excess of 2Q% more than 3 times in any 2U hour
period, provided only a single source is involved
and such source is not within a 1000 foot radius
from the center point of any other such emission
source on the same site.
B. Exceptions to II.A Standards
1. Exemptions from subsection A standards shall be allowed
for periods of startup, malfunctions, and breakdowns as
provided for in relevant operating permits only.
2. Visible emissions due to the presence of water or water
vapor shall be exempt.
3. Emission sources in compliance with particulate emissions
standards of section III below during the relevant
period, but not in compliance with the II.A standard
above, are exempt.
C. All visual emission opacity standards herein shall be
considered equivalent to Ringelmann Chart readings
generally accepted to be corresponding.
III. Particulate Emission Standards
A. Standards for Fuel Combustion Sources
Maximum emission - solid fuel only used
0.1 Ibs particulate per million Btu actual heat input,
in any 1 hr period.
Maximum emission - liquid fuel only used
0.1 Ibs particulate per million Btu actual heat input,
in any 1 hr period.
Maximum emission - more than one type fuel used
simultaneously
use: E = SgHs + 0.10 H-j
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ILLINOIS; STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
III. Particulate Emission Standards (Contd.)
where: E = allowable particulate emission, Ibs per
hr.
Sg = applicable solid fuel particulate
emission standard, Ibs per million Btu
actual heat input.
Hs = actual heat input from solid fuel, MM Btu
per hr.
H-| = actual heat input from liquid fuel, MM
Btu per hr.
B. Standards for Incinerators - Maximum Particulate Emissions
.1 2000 Ibs refuse per hour burned
0.1 grains per std cubic foot effluent gases corrected
to 12$ C02
> 2000 Ibs <60.000 Ibs refuse per hour burned
0.08 grains per std cubic foot effluent gases,corrected
to 12% C02
>^ 60,000 Ibs refuse per hour burned
0.05 grains per std cubic foot effluent gases, corrected
to 12* C02
C. Standards for Fugitive Particulate Matter
1. Fugitive particulate matter shall not be emitted from
any process or material handling or storage activity
such that:
a) It is visible by an observer from beyond the property
line; or
b) Particulate matter larger than 40 microns (mean
diam.) in size carries beyond the property line.
2. The rules in C.1. above shall not apply to:
a) emissions from stockpiles of materials when the wind
speed average for one hour is greater than 25 mph; or
b) emissions of water and water vapor from cooling
towers.
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ILLINOIS: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
III. Particulate Emission Standards (Contd.)
D. Standards for Process Sources
1. Maximum particulate emissions.
Process weight rates <450 tons per hour
use: E = 2.54(P)°-534
where: E = allowable emissions, Ibs per hr
P = process weight rate, tons per hr
Process weight rates 450 tons per hour
use: E = 24.8(P)°'16
where: E = allowable emissions, Ibs per hr
P = process weight rate, tons per hr
2. Exceptions for Catalyst Regenerators of Fluidized
Catalytic Converters
a) The standards of subsection D.1. above shall not
apply to catalyst regenerators of fluidized catalytic
converters. The maximum emissions for these shall
instead be determined as follows:
use: E = 4.10(P)°-6? for P £30 tons per hr
E = [55.0(P)°-11] - 40.0 for P >30 tons per
hr
where: E = allowable emissions, Ibs per hr
P = catalyst recycle rate (including added
fresh catalyst), tons per hr
IV Sulfur Dioxide Emission Standards
A. Standards for Fuel Combustion Sources - Maximum Emissions
1. Sources with actual heat input >250 MM Btu per hr
Solid fuel only burned: 1.2 Ibs per MM Btu actual heat
input in any 1 hr
Liquid Fuel:
Residual fuel oil 0.8 Ibs per MM Btu actual heat
only burned: input in any 1 hr
Distillate fuel oil 0.3 Ibs per MM Btu actual heat
only burned: input in any 1 hr
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ILLINOIS: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
IV Sulfur Dioxide Emission Standards (Contd.)
2. Sources with actual heat input <.25Q MM Btu per hr
Solid fuel only burned: 1.8 Ibs per MM Btu actual heat
input in any 1 hr
Liquid Fuel:
Residual fuel oil only
burned: 1.0 Ibs per MM Btu actual heat
input in any 1 hr
Distillate fuel oil
only burned: 0.3 Ibs per MM Btu actual heat
input in any 1 hr
3. Sources using combinations of fuels simultaneously
a) Determine maximum emission rate using the following:
E = SSH3 = 0.3 hd + SRHR
where: E = allowable SOp emission Ibs per hr
Ss = solid fuel SO? emission standard,
in Ibs per million Btu, applicable,
Sp = residual fuel oil S02 emission,
in pounds per million Btu, applicable
Hg = actual heat input from solid fuel, '
million Btu per hour,
Hp = actual heat input from residual fuel
oil, million Btu per hour,
H^ = actual heat input from distillate
fuel oil, million Btu per hour,
and where that portion of the actual heat input that
is derived:
from the burning of gaseous fuels produced by the
gasification of solid fuels shall be included in
HS;
from the burning of gaseous fuels produced by the
gasification of distillate fuel oil shall be
included in Hd;
from the burning of gaseous fuels produced by the
gasification of residual fuel oil shall be included
in Hp;
from the burning of gaseous fuels produced by the
gasification of any other liquid fuel shall be
included in Hp; and,
from the burning of by-product gases such as those
produced from a blast furnace or a catalyst
regeneration unit in a petroleum refinery shall be
included in HR>
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ILLINOIS: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
IV Sulfur Dioxide Emission Standards (Contd.)
B. Standards for Process Sources
1. Maximum Emission - General
2000 ppra
2. Exceptions. B.1 above shall not apply to processes for
removing sulfur compounds from flue gases of fuel
combustion sources.
V. Sulfuric Acid Mist Emission Standards
A. Standards for Process Sources not including fuel combustion
sources and sulfuric acid manufacturing process sources.
1. Maximum emission of sulfuric acid and/or sulfur trioxide
from all process sources within a plant or facility.
for sulfuric acid usage <13QO tons per year
(1OG>acidbasis)
0.10 Ib in any 1 hr period
for sulfuric acid usage >1300 tons per year
( 1 OOyb acid" basis)
0.50 Ib per ton of sulfuric acid used
VI. Organic Material Emission Standards
A. Storage Standards
Affected facilities. Stationary tanks, reservoirs, or other
containers of more than 40,000 gallons capacity.
Standards. It shall be prohibited to store any volatile
organic material in any affected facility unless such
facility:
1. is a pressure tank capable of withstanding the vapor
pressure of such materials so as to prevent vapor or gas
loss to the atmosphere at all times; or,
2. is designed and equipped with one of the following vapor
loss control devices:
a) A floating roof which rests on the surface of the
volatile organic material and is equipped with a
closure seal or seals to close the space between the
roof edge and the tank wall. Such floating roof shall
not be permitted if the volatile organic material has
a vapor pressure of 12.5 pounds per square inch
absolute or greater at 70°F.
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ILLINOIS: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
VI. Organic Material Emission Standards (Contd.)
b) A vapor rec'overy system consisting of:
(i) a vapor gathering system capable of collecting
85% or more of the uncontrolled volatile organic
material that would be otherwise emitted to the
atmosphere; and
(ii) a vapor disposal system capable of processing
such volatile organic materials so as to prevent
their emission to the atmosphere.
c) Other equipment or means of equal efficiency approved
by the Agency.
B. Loading Standards
1. For any loading facilities with a through-put of greater
than 40,000 gallon per day it shall be prohibited to:
a) discharge more than 8 pounds per hour of organic
material into the atmosphere during the loading of any
organic material from the aggregate loading pipes of
any such facility into ary railroad tank car, tank
truck or trailer unless such loading facility is
equipped with submerged loading pipes or a device that
is equally effective in controlling emissions and is
approved by the Agency.
2. For stationary tanks of greater than 250 gallons storage
capacity it shall be prohibited to:
a) load any organic material into such stationary tanks
unless such tank is equipped with a permanent
submerged loading pipe or an equivalent device
approved by the Agency, or unless such tank is a
pressure tank as described in A.1 or is fitted with a
recovery system as described in A.2(b).
3. Exception: If no odor nuisance exists the limitations of
subparagraph B. of this section shall only apply to
volatile organic material.
C. Organic Material - Water Separation
1. It is prohibited to use single/or multiple compartment
effluent water separators receiving effluent water
containing 200 gallons a day or more of organic material
from equipment processing, refining, treating, storing,
or handling organic material unless such separator
utilizes control technology capable of reducing otherwise
uncontrolled organic emissions by 85% or more.
a) Exception. This limitation shall only apply to
volatile organic material if no odor nuisance exists.
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ILLINOIS: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
VI. Organic Material Emission Standards (Contd.)
D. Pumps and Compressors
It shall be prohibited to discharge more than two cubic
inches of liquid volatile organic material (at standard
conditions) into the atmosphere from any pump or compressor
in any 15 minute period.
E. Use of Organic Material
1. The discharge of more than 8 Ibs per hr of organic
material into the atmosphere from any source is
prohibited, except as provided below:
2. Alternative Standards. The limitations of E.1 shall not
apply if such emissions are controlled by:
a) flame, thermal, or catalytic incineration so as either
to reduce such emissions to 10 ppm equivalent methane
or less, or to convert 85/6 of the hydrocarbons to
C02 and water; or
b) a vapor recovery system which adsorbs and/or absorbs
and/or condenses at least 85/t of the total uncon-
trolled organic material that otherwise would be
emitted; or
c) other emission control technology approved by the
Agency and capable of reducing the emission of other-
wise uncontrolled organic material by 85/1 or more.
3. Exceptions. The provisions of E.1 and E.2 shall not apply:
a) if no odor nuisance exists, unless the material is
photochemically reactive.
b) to fuel combustion sources.
c) to the application of paving asphalt and pavement
marking paint from sunrise to sunset.
F. Waste Gas Disposal
1. Petroleum refinery process emissions. It shall be
prohibited to discharge organic materials in excess of
100 ppm equivalent methane (MW = 16.0) into the atmo-
sphere from:
a) any catalyst regenerator of a petroleum cracking
system; or
b) any petroleum fluid coker; or
c) any other waste gas stream from any petroleum manufac-
turing process.
G. Vapor Slowdown. It shall be prohibited to discharge organic
material into the atmosphere from any vapor blow-down system
or safety relief valve, except such safety relief valves
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ILLINOIS: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
VI. Organic Material Emission Standards (Contd.)
incapable of allowing an excessive release, unless the
emission is controlled:
1. to 10 ppm equivalent methane or less; or
2. by combustion in a smokeless flare; or
3. by other control technology approved by the Agency.
H. Clean-up Operations and Organic Material Disposal. Emis-
sions of organic material released during clean-up opera-
tions and disposal shall be included with other organic
emissions from the same source or sources in determining
whether emissions meet the limitations herein.
VII. Nitrogen Oxide Emission Standards
A. Standards for Fuel Combustion Sources
1. Affected facilities: Facilities with actual heat input
>_250 MM Btu per hr.
2. Maximum allowable emissions
(a-d. units in Ibs (expressed as N02> per MM Btu
actual heat input for any one hour period)
a) gaseous fossil fuel - 0.20
b) liquid fossil fuel - 0.30
c) dual gaseous and liquid fossil fuel - 0.30
d) solid fossil fuel - 0.70
e) for simultaneous burning of any combination of solid
liquid, and gaseous fossil fuels:
use:
E =
where: E = allowable NOX (expressed as N02)
emission rate in Ib per hr.
Pg = % of actual heat input derived from
gaseous fossil fuel.
P^ = % of actual heat input derived from
liquid fossil fuel.
Ps = % of actual heat input derived from
solid fossil fuel.
Q = actual heat input derived from all fossil
fuels in MM Btu per hour.
(Pg+Pi+Ps = 100.0056)
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ILLINOIS; STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
VIII. Carbon Monoxide Emission Standards
A. Standards for Fuel Combustion Sources
1. Maximum Emission
Sources with actual heat input >10 MM Btu/hr
200 ppm (corrected to 5Q% excess air)
B. Standards for Incinerators
1. Maximum Emission
Any incinerator
500 ppm (corrected to 5Q% excess air)
C. Standards for Petroleum Processes
1. The emission of carbon monoxide in a waste gas stream is
prohibited unless uch waste gas stream is burned in a
direct flame afterburner or carbon monoxide boiler so
that the resulting carbon monoxide concentration is equal
to or less than 200 ppm corrected to 50% excess air, or
the carbon monoxide concentration is controlled by other
equivalent emission control technology approved by the
Agency.
2. Notwithstanding C.1. above, any petroleum process using
catalyst regenerators of fluidized catalytic converters
equipped for in situ combustion of CO may emit a waste
gas stream containing the following maximum CO
concentration:
350 ppm, corrected to 50$ excess air
179
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ILLINOIS SOLID WASTE RULES AND REGULATIONS
Basis: (1) State of Illinois Environmental Protection
Ac.t (July 1970 with amendments to January 1,
1974)
(2) Illinois Pollution Control Board Rules and
Regulations, Chapter 7, Solid Waste.
Agency: State of Illinois Environmental Protection Agency,
Pollution Control Board
Note: (1) A Development Permit is required from the
Agency prior to any person developing or
allowing the development of any new solid
waste management site.
Sanitary Landfills
A. Standard requirements which must be provided at
sanitary landfills:
1. Adequate shelter, sanitary facilities and emergency
communications for employees;
2. Adequate roads;
3. Fencing, gates or other methods to control access
to the site;
U. Adequate fire protection as approved by the Agency;
5. Adequate measures to monitor and control leachate;
6. Adequate dust control; and
B. Air and Water Pollution
A sanitary landfill shall not cause, threaten or allow
the discharge of emissions of any contaminant so as to
cause air or water pollution.
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INDIANA WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
Basis: Water Quality Standards for all waters within the
State of Indiana, SPC IR-4 (February 17, 1977).
Agency: Stream Pollution Control Board, State of Indiana
Notes: (1) The construction of any water pollution control
facility, whether it be for any coal related
industry or other industry, must be preceded by
an application for and receipt of a construc-
tion permit.
(2) Any discharge of waste waters from coal mining
activities is regulated by Indiana Water Qual-
ity Standards or Federal guidelines for the
industry, whichever is more stringent.
(3) No process water discharge is permitted at all
from coal preparation plants (per memo from
Division of Water Pollution Control dated
October 8, 1976). The current Federal regula-
tion allow some runoff from coal preparation
plants.
I. GENERAL WATER QUALITY STANDARDS (Regulation SPC IR-U)
The water quality standards established under this
regulation apply to all waters of the state except
where alternate standards are promulgated for specifi-
cally designated waters.
A. All waters of the state shall be free from
substances:
1. That will settle to form objectionable
deposits;
2. That are in amounts sufficient to be unsightly
or deleterious;
3. That produce color, odor or other conditions so
as to create a nuisance; and
4. From amounts sufficient to injure, be toxic or
produce adverse affects.
a. Guideline for toxic substances:
1. Limited to the 96-hour median lethal
concentration significant to the
aquatic community.
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INDIANA WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
I. GENERAL WATER QUALITY STANDARDS (Regulation SPG IR-4)
(CONTD.)
B. Minimum Water Quality for Aquatic Life
These standards are applicalbe at any point in the
waters outside of the mixing zone:
1. Taste and Odor - None which is noticeably offensive
and produces unpalatable flavor to
food fish.
2. Toxic Substance -
3. pH
Shall not exceed one-tenth (1/10)
of the 96-hour median lethal
concentration for important and
indigenous aquatic species.
- No pH values below 6.0 nor above
9.0 (except daily fluctuations
which exceed 9.0 and are correlated
with photosynthetic activity).
C. Water Quality for Potable Water Supply
In addition to the above water quality requirements the
following standards are to protect the water quality at
the point water is withdrawn for treatment and distribu-
tion as potable water supply.
1. Coliform
Bacteria Group
2. Threshold Odor
- Shall not exceed 5,000/100 ml as
monthly average; nor exceed this
number in more than 20$ of samples
during any month; nor exceed this
number in more than 2Q% of samples
during any month; nor exceed
20,000/100 ml in more thn 5% of
samples.
- Threshold odor number of finished
water must be 3.0 or less.
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INDIANA WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
I. GENERAL WATER QUALITY STANDARDS (Regulation SPC IR-4)
(CONTD.)
3. Dissolved Solids - £250 mg/1 (other than due to
natural causes).
4. Radioactive - Radium - 226 _<3.0 pCi/1
Substance Strontium 90 <10 pCi/1
Gross beta
Concentration <1000 pCi/1
D. Water Quality for Industrial Water Supply
In addition to the water quality standards set forth in
I.A. above, the standard for protection of industrial
water supply quality at the point water is withdrawn for
use (either with or without treatment) is as follows:
1. Dissolved - £750 mg/1 as a monthly average; nor
Solids exceed 1000 mg/1 at any time.
II. INDUSTRIAL WASTE WATER DISCHARGE
All industrial and any other point source wastewater dis-
charges shall be subject to the following treatment require-
ments prior to discharge to the waters of the state.
A. All waste waters which contain contaminants of any kind
shall be provided with the best practicable degree of
waste water treatment or control consistant with tech-
nological feasibility, economic reasonableness, sound
engineering judgment and environmental concern.
III. OIL, HAZARDOUS AND/OR OBJECTIONABLE SUBSTANCES
(Regulation SPC16, March 7, 1974)
This regulation pertains to reporting requirements for any
person who owns, operates, controls or maintains any mode of
transportation, storage facility, industrial, municipal or
commercial facility, in the event of a spill in such a vol-
ume to cause or threaten to cause damage to public health,
animal life or plant life.
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INDIANA WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
III. OIL. HAZARDOUS AND/OR OBJECTIONABLE SUBSTANCES
(Regulation SPClb, March 7, 1974)
(Contd.)
The regulation additionally requires the identi-
fication, labeling and providing information
concerning the physical, biological, chemical or
hazardous characteristics of substances being
transported or stored in a storage facility.
Therefore as this is primarily a reporting regulation,
there are no design requirements provided by this
regulation.
IV. CONTROL OF CYANIDES AND CYANOGEN COMPOUNDS
(Regulation SPC2, January 1953)
This regulation is applicable to any person, firm or
corporation engaged in the ma>.ufacture or other pro-
cess in which cyanides or cyanogen compounds are used.
The regulations require that areas where the compounds
are used or stored shall be so constructed that none
of the compounds can escape directly or indirectly in-
to a sewer system or water course. However, approval
may be obtained to discharge limited amounts deter-
mined not to be detrimental to public health.
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INDIANA: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
Agency: Air Pollution Control Board
Visible Emission Standards
A. Maximum Emissions (all sources)
a) Shall not exceed 40$ Opacity (No. 2 Ringelmann) for
more than 15 minutes in a 24 hour period
(visible emissions restricted do not include
uncombined water)
b) Exceptions. Temporary exceptions shall include:
i) fire starting - new boiler fires
ii) boilers - blowing boiler tubes or cleaning
boiler fires
iii) those set forth in the approved operation
permit
iv) malfunctions of equipment where proper
reporting and maintenance requirements have
been complied with.
Particulate Matter Emission Standards
A. Process Operations
1. Affected facilities. All process sources except
combustion equipment for indirect heating and
incinerators (covered by separate standards
herein).
2. Maximum emission rate
for process weight rates £60,000 Ib/hr:
use E = 4.10P°-67
for process weight rates > 6C,000 Ib/hr but <400,000
Ib/hr:
use E = 55.0P°-U-40
where (in both equations above):
E = rate of emission in Ib/hr
P = process wt in tons/hr
for process weight rates >400,000 Ib/hr:
the only limitation is that the concentration of
particulates in discharge gases shall be less
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INDIANA; STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
II. Particulate Matter Emission Standards (Contd.)
than 0.10 lb/1000 Ibs of such gases (at standard
conditions).
B. Combustion of Fuel in Stationary Equipment for Indirect
Heating
1. Standards for all areas of state except Indiana
portion of Metropolitan Chicago Interstate Air
Quality Control Region and the Metropolitan
Indianapolis Intrastate Air Quality Control Region:
a) Maximum allowable concentration
= 76.5 ptfQm0.75n0.25
— ^_ _—
ahs
where:
Cmax = maximum ground level concentration
with respect to distance from the point source
at the "critical" wind speed for level terrain.
This shall not exceed 50 ug/m3.
Ptf = pounds of particulate matter emitted
/MM Btu heat input.
Qm = total plant operating capacity rating
in MM Btu heat input per hour.
n = number of stacks in fuel burning operation.
a = plume rise factor. The value 0.6? shall be
used for fuel burning equipment ratings of <1000
MM Btu heat input. No value greater than 0.8
for larger equipment ratings shall be used.
hs = stack height in feet. The average
stack height to represent "n" stacks of varying
heights shall be calculated by prorating each
stack height with its particulate matter
emission rate.
b) Maximum emission (Ptf) for all combustion
operations with < 250 MM Btu/hr heat input
0.6 Ib/MM Btu heat input
2. Standards for Indiana portion of Metropolitan
Chicago Interstate Air Quality Control Region and
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INDIANA: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
II. Particulate Matter Emission Standards (Contd.)
the Metropolitan Indianapolis Intrastate Air
Quality Control Region:
a) Maximum allowable emission
use: Ptf = 0.87 QnT0'16
where
^kf and Qm are as defined in B.1 above:
and For Q{jj <10: Ptf not to exceed 0.6
lab/MM Btu heat input;
For Qm >10,000: Ptf not to exceed 0.2
Ib/MM Btu heat input.
3. Standards for combustion installations for indirect
heating of >250 MM Btu/hr heat input throughout the
State (Federal Standard of Performance for New
Stationary Sources is Incorporated):
a) Maximum allowable emission (Ptf)
0.10 Ib/MM Btu heat input
C. Maximum Emissions for Incinerators
1. Definitions
a) "Primary chamber" shall mean the chamber in
which waste material is ignited and burned.
b) "Secondary chamber" means the chamber in which
combustible solids, vapors and/or gases from the
primary chamber either are collected or are
ignited and burned.
2. Standards
a) Incinerators shall consist of primary and
secondary chambers or the equivalent.
b) Incinerators shall be operated so emissions of
hazardous material including, but not limited
to, viable pathogenic bacteria, dangerous
chemicals or gases, or noxious odors are
prevented.
c) Incinerators shall not create an air pollution
problem, a nuisance, or a fire hazard.
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INDIANA: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
II. Particulate Matter Emission Standards (Contd.)
d) Maximum- emission
refuse burning capacity 2.200/lb hr:
0.3 Ib per 1000 Ib dry exhaust gas at standard
conditions corrected to 50$ excess air
refuse burning capacity <200 Ib/hr:
0.5 Ib per 1000 Ib dry exhaust gas at standard
conditions corrected to 50$ excess air
D. Fugitive Dust Standards
1. Definitions
a) "Fugitive Dust" means the generation of
particulate matter to the extent that some
portion of the material escapes beyond the
property line of the property on which the
source is located.
b) "Respirable dust" means particles in the range of
0.5 microns to 6.0 microns in diameter.
2. Affected facilities
a) This regulation shall apply to all sources of
fugitive dust.
b) The allowable particles shall refer to the total
of all particles leaving the boundaries or
crossing the property lines of any sources of
fugitive dust regardless of whether from a
single operation or a number of operations.
c) No source which is contributing to a combined
downwind fugitive dust concentration in excess
of the limits of regulation shall be required to
reduce emissions if the concentrations at the
source property line are in compliance unless
all contributors are individually in
compliance; each source shall then be required
to reduce emissions by a like percentage to
achieve an acceptable combined downwind
concentration.
3. Emissions Standards
A source of fugitive dust shall be in violation of
this regulation if any of the following criteria are
violated:
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INDIANA; STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
II. Particulate Matter Emission Standards (Contd.)
a) Maximum allowable particulates. A source or
combination of sources cause to exist fugitive
dust concentrations greater than 67% in excess
of ambient upwind concentrations as determined
by the following formula:
P = 100 (R-U)
U
where: P = Percentage increase over ambient
upwind concentration;
R = Number of particles of fugitive dust
measured at downwind receptor site;
and
U = Number of particles of fugitive dust
measured at upwind or background
site
b) Potential respiratory damage. If the fugitive
dust is comprised of 50% or more respirable dust
then the percent increase of dust concentration
in subsection 3 .a shall be modified as follows:
PR = (1.5 - N)P
Where: N = Fraction of fugitive dust that is
respirable dust;
PR = allowable percentage increas in dust
concentration above background; and
P = no value greater than 67%•
c) Ambient air concentrations. The ground level
ambient air concentrations shall not be in
excess of 50 ug/M^ above background
concentrations for a 60 minute period.
d) Visible emissions. If dust is visible crossing
the property line of a source and may be refuted
by factual data expressed in subpart D.3«a), b),
or c) above.
4. Exceptions
a) Release of steam not in combination with any
other gaseous or particulate pollutants unless
the condensation from said steam creates a
nuisance or hazard in the surrounding
community.
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INDIANA; STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
II. Particulate Matter Emission Standards (Contd.)
b) Fugitive dust from construction or demolition
where reasonable precaution has been taken in
minimizing fugitive dust emissions.
c) Fugitive dust from a source caused by adverse
meteorological conditions.
III. Sulfur Dioxide (S02) Emissions Standards
A. Standards for all Stationary Sources Emitting over 10
Ibs per hour.
1. Design requirements - basic stack construction
provisions.
a) Exhaust gas stacks or chimneys emitting S02
shall be no less than 50 ft in height. Such
stacks shall be at least 2 1/2 times the height
of the tallest building or obstruction within
500 feet which has a major effect on air
movements.
b) The height requirement of A.1.a) above may be
reduced if properly incorporated into the terms
of the construction or operation permit and a
showing that there will be no major effect on
air movement and no violations of ground level
concentrations (A.3. below) has been made.
2. Maximum emission rates
a) Large Sources: >250 MM Btu/hr heat input. The
relevant Federal New Source Performance
Standards, 40 CFR, Part 60, are incorporated,
but ground level concenctration limits of A.3.
herein also apply to these sources. The only
relevant Federal standard for sulfur dioxide is
Section 60.104 of Subpart J, "Standards of
Performance for Petroleum Refineries." The term
"petroleum" in this Federal standard is defined
as the crude oil removed from the earth and the
oils derived from tar sands, shale, and coal.
b) Small sources: £250 MM Btu/hr heat input. The
lower limit as determined by application of
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INDIANA: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
III. Sulfur Dioxide (S02) Emissions Standards (Contd.)
subsections 2. c) and 3. below shall be the
controlling limitation.
c) Maximum allowable emission rate - general
i) For fuel combustion operations, including
direct-fired process operations, use:
Em = 17-0 Qm:°-33;» or
Ep = 17.0 QmO-67
where: Ep = Era Qra;
Em = Max. allowable SO?
emissions in Ib/MM Btu fuel heat
input; an Ep = Max. allowable
SC>2 emissions in Ib/hr; and
Qm = Total combustion equipment
capacity rating, in MM Btu/hr fuel
heat input.
(A correction to modify Qm and
therefore above equations shall be
used where fuel other than Indiana
coal is used).
(Definition. "Direct-fired process
operations" are operations using oxygen in
the air to combine with sulfur to form a
marketable product.)
For all other sources not otherwise covered
by this subsection A.2, use:
Ep = 19.5P °'67
where: P = total process equipment capacity
weight input in T/hr; and
Ep is as defined above.
3. Allowable ground level concentration
a) Definitions.
i) "Basin, Priority A" means any area of land
(county) wherein the ambient air
concentration for a specific contaminant or
pollutant is equal to or in excess of the
applicable primary air quality standard.
* The value of Em"shall never exceed 6.0 Ib S02/MM Btu
heat input and need be set no lower than 1.2 Ib/MM Btu heat input,
regardless of the values determined by application of this
formula.
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INDIANA: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
III. Sulfur Dioxide (S02) Emissions Standards (Contd.)
ii) "Basin, Priority B" means any area of land
(county) wherein the ambient air
concentration for a specific contaminant or
pollutant is equal to or in excess of the
applicable secondary air quality standard
but is less than the applicable primary air
quality standard.
iii) "Basin, Priority C" means any area of land
(county) wherein the ambient air
concentration for a specific contaminant or
pollutant is less than the applicable
secondary air quality standards.
b. Maximum hourly ground level concentration
Priority A basins: £ 200 micrograms/m3
Priority B basins: jC 500 micrograms/m3
Priority C basins: £ ^00 micrograms/m3
where Cmax is determined as follows:
i)
for fuel combustion operations including
direct fired process heaters
'max
= 90Sf Qm0.75n0.25
ah.
ii)
for process operations subject to A.2.c)ii)
of this section III.
P0.75n0.25
or by other approved formulae.
'max = maximum hourly ground level concentration with
respect to distance and at the "critical wind
speed for level terrain" resulting from the
point source. This shall not exceed those
numbers specified for the different priority
basins above. Lower values may be specified by
the Board where conditions dictate.
>f = pounds of sulfur dioxide emitted/MM BTU of fuel
heat input.
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INDIANA: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
III. Sulfur Dioxide (802) Emissions Standards (Contd.)
Sp = pounds of sulfur dioxide emitted/T of process
weight input.
Em = maximum allowable sulfur dioxide emissions in
pounds/MM BTU fuel heat input.
Ep = maximum allowable sulfur dioxide emissions in
pounds/hr.
Qm = total combustion equipment capacity rating,
heat input in millions of BTU/hr.
P = total process equipment capacity weight input,
tons/hr.
n = number of stacks in fuel burning or process
operations.
a = plume rise factor of 0.7.
hs stack height in feet.
The average stack height to represent "n" stacks
of varying heights shall be calculated by
dividing the sum of the height of each stack
multiplied by its hourly sulfur dioxide emission
rate by the total plant hourly sulfur dioxide
emission rate.
IV. Hydrocarbon Emission Standards
A. General Provisions
1. Definitions
The term "Volatile Organic Materials" means any
material containing carbon and hydrogen or
containing carbon and hydrogen in combination with
any other element which has a vapor pressure of 2.5
pounds per square inch absolute or greater under
actual conditions.
B. Storage of volatile organic materials
1. It shall be prohibited to place, store, or hold in
any stationary tank, reservoir or other container of
more than 40,000 gallons capacity any volatile
organic material unless such tank, reservoir, or
other container is a pressure tank capable of
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INDIANA; STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
IV. Hydrocarbon Emission Standards (Contd.)
maintaining working pressures sufficient at all
times to prevent vapor or gas loss to the atmosphere
or is designed and equipped with one of the
following vapor loss control devices:
a) A floating roof, consisting of a pontoon-type,
double deck-type or internal floating cover,
resting on the surface of the liquid contents
and equipped with a closure seal or seals to
close the space between the roof edge and tank
wall. This control equipment shall not be
permitted if the volatile organic material has a
vapor pressure of 12.0 pounds per square inch
absolute or greater under actual storage
conditions.
b) A vapor recovery system, consisting of a vapor
gathering system capable of collecting the
vapors and gases discharged and a vapor disposal
system capable of processing such vapors and
gases so as to prevent their emission to the
atmosphere.
c) Other equipment or means for purposes of vapor
loss control as may be approved by the Board.
2. It shall be prohibited to store or hold in any
stationary storage vessel of more than 250 gallons
capacity any volatile organic compound unless such
vessel is equipped with a submerged fill pipe during
loading operations, or is a pressure tank, or is
equipped with a vapor recovery system as described
in subsection B.1.
C. Volatile Organic Materials Loading Facilities
1. Affected facilities. This rule shall not apply to
the loading of volatile organic materials into tank
tank car, truck, trailer or barge from any loading '
facility which handles less than MO,000 gallons of
volatile organic material in any one day.
2. It shall be prohibited to load any volatile organic
materials into any tank, tank car, truck, trailer
or barge from any loading facility unless such
loading facility is equipped with a vapor collection
and disposal system, bottom loading, submerged
loading, or equivalent, approved by the Board.
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INDIANA: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
IV. Hydrocarbon Emission Standards (Contd.)
3. When loading of volatile organic materials into any
tank, tank car, truck, trailer, or barge through a
loading arm equipped with a vapor collecting
adaptor, a pneumatic, hydraulic or other mechanical
means shall be provided to force a vapor-tight seal
between the adaptor and the hatch. A means shall be
provided to prevent liquid organic material drainage
from the loading device when it is removed from the
hatch of any tank, tank car, truck, trailer, or
barge or to accomplish complete drainage before such
removal.
4. When loading of volatile organic materials is
effected through means other than hatches, all
loading and vapor lines shall be equipped with
fittings which make vapor-tight connections and
which close automatically when disconnected.
D. Volatile Organic Mquid - Water Separators
1. It shall be prohibited to use any compartment of any
single or multiple compartment volatile organic
liquid - water separator which compartment normally
receives effluent water containing 200 gallons/day
or more of any volatile organic liquid unless such
compartment is equipped with one of the following
vapor loss control devices.
(a) A solid cover.
(b) A floating roof or cover resting on the surface
of the liquid contents.
(c) A vapor recovery system of suitable design.
(d) Other equipment or means to control evaporation
losses as may be approved by the Board.
E. Waste Gas Emission Standards
1. Petroleum Refinery Emissions. No person shall cause
or allow the discharge of hydrocarbons from any
catalyst regeneration of a petroleum cracking system
or from any petroleum fluid coker into the
atmosphere unless the waste gas stream is burned in
a direct-flame afterburner for boiler or is
controlled by other means approved by the Board.
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INDIANA; STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
IV. Hydrocarbon Emission Standards (Contd.)
2. Vapor Slowdown. It shall be prohibited to emit
hydrocarbon gases to the atmosphere from any vapor
blowdown stream, except pressure relief valves which
are required for safety reasons, unless these gases
are burned in flares of smokeless design or are
controlled by other means as may be approved by the
Board.
F. Volatile Waste Organic Liquids
1. It shall be prohibited to dispose of any liquid or
serai-liquid volatile waste organic material or
sludge within the State of Indiana by any means
other than as follows:
a) Refining by acceptable means to produce a
reusable product.
b) Consuming in usable heat generation equipment.
c) Incineration by acceptable means.
d) Other approved means for disposal but in no case
discarding in a landfill, refuse dump, or the
equivalent.
G. Emission Standards for Organic Solvents
1. Definitions for purposes of subsection G.
a) "Organic materials" means chemical compounds of
carbon, excluding carbon monoxide, carbon
dioxide, carbonic acid, metallic carbides,
metallic carbonates, and ammonium carbonate.
b) "Organic solvents" means organic materials which
are liquids at standard conditions, and include
diluents which are used as dissolvers, viscosity
reducers, and cleaning agents.
2. It shall be prohibited to emit or allow the emission
of more than 3 pounds of organic materials in any
one hour or 15 pounds of organic materials in any
one day (24 hours) unless all organic materials
emitted are reduced by at least 85 percent from
emissions before the application of any control
equipment or process.
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INDIANA: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE. FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
IV. Hydrocarbon Emission Standards (Contd.)
3. The provisions of tnis section shall not apply to
the use of the following solvents:
a) hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehydes, esters,
ethers or ketones provided that the total of
such solvents with olefinic or cyclo-olefinic
unsaturation does not exceed 5% by volume either
singly or in combinations.
b) aromatic organic solvents provided that the
total of such solvents with 8 or more carbon
atoms to the molecule, excluding ethyl benzene,
does not exceed 8 % by volume either singly or
in combinations.
c) ethyl benzene, ketones having branched
hydrocarbon structures, trichloroethylene or
toluene not exceeding 2056 by volume either
singly or in combinations.
d) any organic solvent or mixture of solvents which
because of its structure or composition may be
subject to the limitations of more than one of
the categories (i), (ii) or (iii) above, shall
be considered a member of the class with the
lowest percentage limitation. In no case shall
a combination of compounds subject to the
limitations of (i), (ii) or (iii) above exceed
2056 by volume of the combination.
e) saturated halogenated hydrocarbons,
perchloroethylene, benzene, acetone,
C-|-C5 n-paraffins, cyclohexanone, ethyl
acetate, diethylamine, isobutyl acetate,
isopropyl alcohol, methyl benzoate,
2-nitropropane, phenyl acetate, and
triethylamine.
f) other organic solvents that have been determined
by the Air Pollution Control Board to be photo-
chemically unreactive in the formation of
oxidants.
4. A greater degree of control may be required to
prevent a health hazard or a local nuisance because
of the particular properties of a specific organic
compound. Determination of a health hazard will be
based upon such factors as threshold limit values,
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INDIANA: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
IV. Hydrocarbon Emission Standards (Contd.)
presence of carcinogens, and other accepted health
indicators.
5. Acceptable control methods to provide compliance
shall be:
a) Consuming such gases or vapors in acceptable
fuel burning equipment.
b) Absorption or adsorption by acceptable means.
c) Incineration by direct flame or catalytic
combustion, preferably with heat recovery.
d) Oxidation by chemical means utilizing oxidizing
agents or ozone, if practical.
e) Other means acceptable to the Board.
V. Nitrogen Oxides Emission Standards
A. Standards for Fuel Burning Equipment
1. Affected facilities: Facilities with capacities of
250 MM Btu per hr or more.
2. Maximum Emissions
(NOX expressed as Ibs of N02 per MM Btu of
heat input.)
a) gaseous fossil fuel - 0.20 Ibs of N02
b) liquid fossil fuel - 0.30 Ibs of N02
c) solid fossil fuel - 0.70 Ibs of N02
VI. Carbon Monoxide (CO) Emission Standards
A. Incinerators, Fuel Burning Equipment, and Catalyst
Regeneration Units for Petroleum Refinery Cracking
Processes.
1. The discharge of CO in an effluent stream to the
atmosphere shall be prohibited unless the waste gas
stream is burned in a direct-flame afterburner or
boiler or is controlled by other approved means.
198
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INDIANA SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL ACT
Basis: (1) Refuse Disposal Act, 1971, and as amended in
1972.
(2) Regulation SPC-18, Solid Waste Management
Permit (August 1974)
Agency: Indiana Stream Pollution Control Board
Note: No person shall construct or cause to be
constructed sanitary landfill facilities, or an
incinerator with design capacity of greater than
30 tons per day, without a construction permit
issued by the Board.
Sanitary Landfill
A. General Standards
1. Appropriate all weather roads must be provided.
2. Any shelter or sanitary facilities provided shall
be constructed in accordance with the State Board
of Health requirements for such construction.
3. No refuse deposit shall be made nearer than 600
feet to any dwelling without written consent of the
occupant and/or owner.
B. Water Quality
Sanitary landfill design and operations shall conform
to the following minimum water quality standards:
1. Where ground water monitoring wells are required by
the Board, tests performed shall include COD, pH,
Fe, Cl, conductivity and other Board specified
tests.
2. Surface water courses and runoff shall be diverted
from the sanitary landfill by trenches and proper
grading.
3. In no case shall solid waste be deposited within an
aquifer.
C. Air Quality
1. Open burning of solid waste is prohibited.
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INDIANA SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL ACT
I. Sanitary Landfill (Contd.)
D. Gases
1. Decomposition gases shall be controlled on-site and
shall not be allowed to migrate laterally, nor
allowed to concentrate in a manner that will be an
explosion or toxicity hazard.
E. Hazardous and Special Wastes
1. Hazardous wastes shall not be accepted at a
sanitary landfill unless authorized in writing by
the Board.
200
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KANSAS WATER QUA-LITY STANDARDS
Basis: Water Quality Criteria for Interstate and Intrastate
Waters of Kansas, 28-16-28, (Draft version of these
criteria).
Agency: Kansas State Board of Health
Kansas Department of Health and Environment (Draft)
Notes: 1. Effluent limitations for a point discharge industry
in the State of Kansas are set with regard to two
regulations:
a. The first basis for determining effluent
limitations are with respect to the effluent
limitations developed by the Environmental
Protection Agency under the Federal Water
Pollution Control Act Amendments (PL92-500) .
b. The second consideration in developing
industrial effluent limitations is the water
quality criteria for interstate and intrastate
waters, Kansas Department of Health and
Environment Regulations 28-16-28.
The more stringent of the two requirements listed
above would apply.
2. A draft version of the water pollution control
regulations is currently (April 28, 1977) being
prepared by the Department and where the draft
provisions change, add to or modify any existing
provision this will be identified and cited as
DRAFT.
I. TREATMENT REQUIREMENTS
A. Best practicable control technology currently available
shall be applied to all industrial wastes by July 1, 1977.
B. Best practicable control technology currently available
shall be applied to all industrial wastes by July 1, 1977
unless a specific deadline extension is granted by the
Department. (DRAFT)
II. GENERAL CRITERIA
A. The cumulative effect of waste discharges to waters of the
state will be guided by the 1962 U.S. Public Health
Service Drinking Water Standards, and polluting substances
by point source waste discharges shall be maintained below
maximum permissible concentrations which would be
detrimental for the established water use.
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KANSAS WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
II. GENERAL CRITERIA (CONTD.)
B. The cumulative effect of waste discharges to waters of the
state will be guided by both the primary and secondary
drinking water regulations promulgated by the EPA under
authority of the Safe Drinking Water Act (P.L. 93-523).
Polluting substances, where receiving waters serve
established beneficial uses, shall be maintained below
maximum permissible concentrations which would be
detrimental for the established water use. (DRAFT)
III. SPECIFIC CRITERIA
1. Fecal Coliform
2. Dissolved Oxygen
3. Temperature
4. pH (range)
5. pH (DRAFT)
6. Ammonia
Class A Waters
Class B Waters
_<200/100 mi-Geometric
mean or not less than
5 samples taken over
not more than 30 day
period; nor shall more
than 10% of the samples
during any 30 day period
exceed 400/100 ml.
>5 mg/1
<2000/100 ml
No heat of artificial
origin shall be added
to a stream in excess
of the amount that will
raise the temperature of
the water more than 5°F
above natural conditions.
Receiving waters shall not
exceed 90°F as a result of
man made sources.
6.5 - 8.5
6.5 - 9.0
0.15 mg/1 (as N)
>5 mg/1 (except
for 4 mg/1 for
short periods
of time within
a 24 hour period).
Same as for
Class A Waters.
6.5 - 8.5
6.5 - 9.0
0.15 mg/1
(as N)
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KANSAS WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
III. SPECIFIC CRITERIA (CONTD.)
Class A Waters
7. Oil and Grease
8. Solids
9. Turbidity
10. Taste and Odor
11. Color
12.Toxic Substances
Essentially free
of visible oil and
grease.
All waters shall
be free of float-
ing debris, scum,
and other floating
materials in a-
mounts to be det-
rimental to estab-
lished beneficial
use.
No increase that
will cause sub-
stantial visible
contrast with the
natural appearance
of the water.
Substances shall
be limited to con-
centrations in the
receiving water that
will not interfere
with the established
beneficial use of
the receiving
water.
Color producing
substances shall
be limited to con-
centrations which
will not be detri-
mental to the esta-
blished beneficial
use of the receiving
water.
Class B Waters
Same as for
Class A Waters
Same as for
Class A Waters
Same as for
Class A Waters
Same as for
Class A Waters
Same as for
Class A Waters
Shall be limited to
concentrations in the
receiving water that
will not be harmful to
human, animal, plant or
otherwise interfere with
established beneficial
use of the water.
Same as for
Class A Waters
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KANSAS WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
IV. WATER USE CLASSIFICATION
As used above in No. Ill, the receiving water classifications
are as follows:
A. Class A waters are to be protected for the following uses:
1. Body contact recreation, with possibility of ingestion;
2. Preservation and propagation of water life and wildlife-
3. Public water supply;
4. Industrial water supply; and
5. Agricultural purposes.
B. Class B waters are to be protected for the following uses:
1. Secondary contact recreat'Dn, ingestion not probable;
2. Preservation and propagation of water life and wildlife;
3. Public water supply;
4. Industrial water supply; and
5. Agricultural purposes.
C. Designation of water uses
A. Class A Waters
1. All lakes and reservoirs are subject to the
application of Class A water quality criteria.
B. Class B Waters
2. Generally all other waters in the state, including
streams and rivers, are subject to the application
of Class B water quality criteria.
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KANSAS; STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
Agency: Department of Health and Environment
I. General Provisions
A. Definitions
1. "Contaminant" means dust, fumes, smoke or other
particulate, vapor, gas odorous substance or any
combination thereof, but not including uncombined
water vapor or steam condensate.
2. "Incinerator" means any device or structure used
for the destruction or volume reduction of garbage,
rubbish, or other liquid or solid waste materials
by combustion pursuant to disposal or salvaging
operations.
3. "Indirect Heating Equipment" means any device where
fuel is burned to produce usable heat by transfer
through a heat conducting materials barrier or by a
heat storage medium to a material to be heated so
that the material being heated is not contacted by,
and adds no substance to, the products of
combustion.
4. "Opacity" means the degree to which an official
observer's view of transmitted light is obscured by
passing through as contaminant emission with zero
percent opacity being equivalent to perfect trans-
parency and 100 percent opacity being perfectly
opaque.
5. "Particulate" means any dispersed matter, solid or
liquid, except uncombined water.
B. Standards
1. Interference with Enjoyment of Life and Property.
Compliance with the regulations herein notwith-
standing, should it be found after public hearing
that any specific emission source is, will be, or
tends to be significantly injurious to human health
or welfare, animal or plant life, or property, or
is or will be unreasonably interferring with the
enjoyment of life and property of any inhabitant of
the state, or will interfere with the attainment or
maintenance of any national ambient air standards,
alternate standards or orders may be issued to
require additional abatement or control of certain
emissions as deemed necessary to effect the
purposes of the Kansas enabling act.
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KANSAS: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
II. Visible Emission Standards
A. Maximum emissions - general
20% opacity
B. Fuel Burning Equipment (Indirect Heating Equipment)
1. Maximum emissions
less than 20% opacity
C. Incinerators
1. Maximum emissions
less than 2Q% opacity
D. Exceptions
1. It shall not be a violation of subsections A, B, or C
above if it can be shown that the failure to comply
with any of these standards is solely the result of the
presence of uncombined water.
III. Emission Standards for Fugitive Dust
A. Standards - General
It shall be prohibited to cause or allow the handling,
transport, or storage of any materials or any other use of
a premise in such a manner as to allow particulate matter
to become airborne to the extent that the ground level
concentration at the property line equals or exceeds the
following:
2.0 milligrams/cubic meter, above background
concentrations, for periods aggregating more
than 10 minutes in any hour.
IV. Emission Standards for Particulate Matter
A. Processing Operation Standards
1. Affected facilities: any processing machine,
equipment, device, or combination thereof, excluding
indirect heating equipment and incinerators.
2. Definitions
a) "Process Weight" means the total weight of all
materials introduced into a source operation which
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KANSAS: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
IV. Emission Standards for Particulate Matter (Contd.)
may constitute, or form, a source of particulate
emissions. In the case of direct heating opera-
tions solid fuels used shall be included as part
of the process weight, but liquid and gaseous
fuels and combustion air shall not be included.
b) Process Weight Rate" means the total process
weight introduced into the source operation over a
specific time period divided by that time period,
in hours. For a cyclical or batch operation, the
time period shall be that required to complete one
operation or a chosen integral number of cycles,
and for continuous operations it shall be the
total operating period or a typical portion
thereof.
c) "Source Operation" means the last operation
preceding the emission of particulate matter,
which results in the separation of the particulate
emissiors from the processed materials or the
conversion of the processed materials into the
particulate emissions, excluding those operations
which are an integral part of the functioning of a
control device.
3. Standards
a) To determine the maximum emission rate, use the
following:
for process weight <30 T/hr
E= 4.1 pOTFf
for process weights > 30T/hr
E=55P °'11 - 40
where (in both cases): E is rate of emissions
in Ib/hr; and
P is process weight in
T/hr
b) Certain particulate emissions may, because of
their chemical and/or physical nature, require
emissions rates lower than those provided for in
subsection A.3a). In such cases the Department
shall notify the person responsible for the
emission, in writing, of the reasons for special
concern regarding the existing or proposed
contaminant emission and specify an alternate
emission rate which is not to be exceeded.
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KANSAS: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
IV. Emission Standards for Particulate Matter (Contd.)
B. Fuel Burning Equipment (Indirect Heating Equipment)
1. Applicability
This subsection applies to installations in which fuel
is burned for the primary purpose of producing steam,
hot water, or hot air or other indirect heating of
liquids, gases, or solids and in the course of so do-
ing the products of combustion do not come into direct
contact with process materials. When any products or
by-products of a manufacturing process are burned for
the same purpose or in conjunction with any fuel, the
same maximum emission limitations shall apply.
2. Definitions
a) The "heat input" value used shall be the equipment
manufacturer's or de-igner's guaranteed maximum
input, whichever is greater.
3. Particulate Emission Standards
a) To determine the maximum permissable emission rates
use the following:
<_10MM Btu/hr heat input: 0.60 Ib/MM Btu heat input
>10MM Btu/hr <10,000 MM Btu/hr heat input:
A _ 1.026
1-233
where: A = maximum emission rate in Ib/MM
Btu heat input; and
I = total heat input in MM Btu/hr
XLO,000 MM Btu/hr heat input: 0.12 Ib/MM Btu
heat input
C. Incinerators
1. Definitions
a) The "burning capacity" of an incinerator means the
manufacturer's or designer's guaranteed maximum
rate, whichever is greater, or such other rate as
may be determined by the Department in accordance
with good engineering practice.
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KANSAS: STANDARDS OF PERFORMAN-CE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
IV. Emission Standards for Particulate Matter (Contd.)
2. Standards
a) Maximum emissions
(exhaust gas corrected to 12% CC^)
burning capacity <200 Ib/hr: 0.3 gr/DSCF of
exhaust gas
burning capacity ^>200 Ib/hr £20,000 Ib/hr:
0.2 gr/ DSCF of
exhaust gas
burning capacity >20,000 lb/hr:0.1 gr/DSCF of
exhaust gas
b) All incinerators shall be multiple chamber inciner-
ators, provided that the Department shall approve
any other kind of incinerator if it can be shown
that such other kind of incinerator is equally
effective for purposes of air pollution control.
For the purpose of this regulation a multiple
chamber incinerator is defined as an incinerator
consisting of three or more refactory lined com-
bustion furnaces in series, physically separated by
refactory walls, interconnected by gas passage
ports or ducts and employing adequate design para-
meters necessary for maximum combustion of the
material to be burned.
V. Hydrocarbon Emission Standards
A. Storage Facilities
1. Affected facilities: Hydrocarbon tanks or containers
over 40,000 gallons in capacity.
2. Standards: It shall be prohibited to place or hold
any gasoline or other petroleum distillate having a
vapor pressure of 3.0 psia or greater under actual
storage conditions unless the container is a pressure
vessel or tank capable of maintaining sufficient
working pressures to prevent vapor or gas loss or is
equipped with one of the following vapor loss devices:
a) A floating roof such as a pontoon type, double
deck roof type, or internal floating cover which
will rest on the surface of the liquid contents
and be equipped with a closure seal or seals to
close the space between the roof or cover edge and
tank wall. This control equipment shall not be
permitted if the petroleum distillate has a vapor
pressure of 13-0 PSIA or greater under actual
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KANSAS: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
V. Hydrocarbon Emission Standards (Contd.)
storage conditions. All tank gauging or sampling
devices shall be gas-tight except when tank gauging
or sampling is taking place.
b) A vapor recovery system, consisting of a vapor
gathering system capable of collecting the volatile
organic compound vapors and gases discharged and a
vapor disposal system capable of processing such
volatile organic vapors and gases so as to prevent
their emission to the atmosphere.All tank gauging
and sampling devices shall be gas-tight except when
gauging or sampling is taking place.
c) Other equipment or means of equal efficiency for
purposes of air pollution control as may be
approved by the Department.
C. Slowdown Systems
It shall be prohibited to emit to the atmosphere any
hydrocarbon gas steam, excluding methane, of more than 50
pounds per day from a vapor blow down system unless such
gases are burned by smokeless flares or an equally
effective control device as approved by the Director.
VI. Emission Standards for Sulfur Compounds
A. Standards for Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) in Process
Gas Streams
1. Maximum H^S emission rate (or rate to any
combustion device)
10 gr/100 ft3 of gas emitted (or fed to
combustion device)
2. Exceptions: The standard of A.I. shall not apply to:
a) The combustion of fuels for indirect heating
purposes
b) The combustion of fuels where the gaseous products
of combustion are used as raw materials for other
processes
c) The incineration of gases having a gross heating
value of less than 300 BTU per cubic feet at
standard conditions where the fuel used to
incinerate such waste gases does not contain
sulfur or sulfur compounds in excess of the amount
specified by this section.
B. Standards for Sulfur Emissions from Fuel Burning Equipment
(Indirect Heating Equipment)
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KANSAS: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
VII. Emission Standards for Sulfur Compounds
1. Affected facilities: fuel burning equipment having a
heat input of 250 MM Btu/hr or greater.
2 . Maximum emissions of sulfur (S)
1.5 lb/MM Btu of heat input
VII Standards for Nitrogen Oxides (NOX)
A. Fuel Burning Equipment (Indirect Heating Equipment)
1. Affected facilities: indirect heating equipment
having a heat input of 250 MM Btu/hr or greater.
2. Maximum emissions (N0y expressed as
gas or oil fired: "0.30 lb/MM Btu of heat input
coal fired: 0.90 lb/MM Btu of heat input.
VIII. Emission Standards for Carbon Monoxide (CO)
A. Petroleum Refiu.ng Processes
1 . Standards
It shall be prohibited to emit CO in a waste gas
stream from any catalyst regeneration unit
(for cracking systems), fluid coker, or other
petroleum process unless such gas stream is burned
at 1300°F for 0.3 seconds or greater in a
direct-flame afterburner or equivalent approved
device.
211
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KANSAS SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT STANDARDS
Basis: Article 29 - Solid Waste Management Standards and
Regulations (November 1975). Amendments to the
Solid Waste Act (HB2559, April 1977)
Agency: Department of Health and Environment, Division of
Environment, Bureau of Environmental Sanitation.
Scope
A. These rules and regulations establish minimum standards
for the storage, collection, transportation,
processing, utilization and final disposal of solid
wastes by any person, industry, city or county.
B. Cities or counties have the right to enact ordinances
or resolutions for control of solid waste management
practices which are more stringent than these
regulations.
II. Standards
A. Storage of Solid Wastes
1. Owner and/or occupant of any industrial plant shall
provide sanitary storage for all solid waste
produced on his property which meet standards set
forth in these regulations.
2. All solid waste shall be stored so that:
a. it does not attract rats, flies or other
vectors;
b. it does not provide shelter or breeding place
for vectors;
c. it does not create a health or safety hazard;
d. it is not unsightly; and
e. the production of offensive odors is minimized.
B. Specific Storage Standards
1. Hazardous wastes shall be stored in:
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KANSAS SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT STANDARDS
II. Standards (Contd.)
a. A manner which will prevent spillage, leakage
of liquids; and/or the concentration or genera-
tion of harmful or explosive vapors or
offensive odors.
b. Containers constructed of durable,
corrosion-resistant, water tight construction;
provided with tight-fitting lids or covers;
properly labeled, and kept in a safe location
protected from tampering by unauthorized
persons.
c. Other types of storage containers that have
written approval of the department for use at a
specific location for a specified purpose.
C. All piping, valves and other appurtenaces associated
with the storage and transfer of hazardous wastes shall
be constructed of corrosion-resistant materials can be
maintained in a leak-proof condition.
III. Standards for Solid Waste Processing Facilities and
Disposal Areas
The standards for solid waste disposal areas for the State
of Kansas are essentially the same operational type
standards which exist for a majority of all states. These
standards include, but are not limited to, location of the
disposal area, access road criteria, reporting
requirements, communication standards and fire protection
requirements.
IV. Amendments to the Present Solid Waste Act
A. Amendments to the present Solid Waste Act became
effective April 19, 1977, and the regulations will be
revised in accordance with the new amendments within
the next year.
B. The amendments to the present Solid Waste Act include
provisions for the adoption of rules and regulations
establishing criteria for all areas of hazardous waste
management including, but not limited to, the
following:
1. Identification of hazardous waste including
toxicity, persistence and degradability in nature,
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KANSAS SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT STANDARDS
IV. Amendments to the Present Solid Waste Act (Contd.)
potential for accumulation in tissue, flammability,
corrosiveness and generation of pressure through
decomposition;
2. The location of processing facilities and disposal
areas for hazardous waste;
3. For the monitoring of hazardous waste processing
facilities and disposal areas;
4. Adoption of rules and regulations dealing with all
areas of transporting hazardous wastes; and
5. Establishment of a permit system for the
construction, alteration, or operation of a
hazardous waste storage or disposal area or
treatment facility.
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KENTUCKY WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
Basis: Kentucky Water Quality Standards, 401 KAR 5:025 and
401 KAR 5:035, July 1975
Agency: Department for Natural Resources and Environmental
Protection, Bureau of Environmental Quality,
Division of Water Quality
I. GENERAL CRITERIA APPLICABLE TO ALL WATERS OF THE STATE
A. All waters of the State shall be:
1. Substantially free from substances attribut-
able to industrial or other discharges that
will settle to form putrescent sludge deposits.
2. Free from floating debris, oil, scum or other
floating materials.
3. Free from materials producing color, odor or
other conditions which would create a nuisance.
4. Free from substances attributable to indus-
trial or other discharges in concentrations or
combinations which are toxic or harmful to
human, animal, plant or aquatic life.
II. INDUSTRIAL WATER SUPPLY
A. The following criteria are applicable to water at
the point which water is withdrawn for use for in-
dustrial cooling and processing and shall be appli-
cable only within a mixing zone.
1. PH 5-9
2. Temperature <95°F
3. Dissolved Solids 1750 mg/1 (monthly
average)
1000 mg/1 (at any
time)
III. PUBLIC WATER SUPPLY AND FOOD PROCESSING
A. The following criteria are applicable to surface
waters at the point which water is withdrawn for
use as a public water supply or by a food process-
ing industry.
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KENTUCKY WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
III. PUBLIC WATER SUPPLY AND FOOD PROCESSING (CONTD.)
Substance o'r Condition Limitations
1 . Colifortn Group
5.
<5000/100 ml as a
monthly arithmetical
average nor exceed
this in more than
twenty percent of the
samples examined
during any month; nor
exceed 20,000/100 ml
in more than five
percent of such
samples.
<3 (after normal
water treatment).
^500 mg/1 as monthly
average, nor exceed
750 mg/1 at any time.
Gross beta activity -
1000 picocuries per
liter (pCi/1)
Dissolved strontium
90 - 10 pCi/1
Dissolved Alpha
emmiters - 3 pCi/1
Chemical Constituents shall not exceed the
following specified concentrations at any time:
2. Threshold Odor Number
Dissolved Solids
Radioactive Substances
Constituents
Arsenic
Barium
Cadmium
Chromium (hexavalent)
Cyanide
Fluoride
Lead
Selenium
Silver
Concentrations in
mg/1
0.05
1.0
0.01
0.05
0.025
1.0
0.05
0.01
0.05
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KENTUCKY WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
IV. OTHER WATER USE DESIGNATIONS
Following are the additional water use designations
established by the State Water Quality Criteria.
A. Aquatic Life
Applicable to the evaluation of conditions for the
raaintanance of well balanced, indigenous fish po-
pulation.
B, Put-and-Take Trout Streams
Applicable to those waters designated as put- and-take
streams.
C. Recreation
Applicable to waters used for recreational purposes,
including but not limited to such water-contact
activities as swimming and water skiing.
D. Agricultural
E. Multiple Uses
One or more uses established may apply to the same
waters. In the event there is a conflict between
or among the applicable uses, the more stringent
use criteria shall apply.
V. WATER USE CLASSIFICATION TREATMENT REQUIREMENTS
(401 KAR 5:035)
A. This regulation applies to the water use classifica-
tions as shown above.
1. All persons discharging through point sources
from which pollutants are or may be discharged
shall apply the best practicable control tech-
nology as the department considers appropriate
to treatment facilities not later than July 1,
1977.
2. All persons who discharge through a point
source shall apply the best available techno-
logy economically achievable by July 1, 1983-
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KENTUCKY: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR NEW STATIONARY SOURCES
Agency: Department for Natural Resources and Environmental
Protection
Emissions from Process Operations
A. Definitions
1. "Process operation" means any method, form, action,
operation, or treatment of manufacturing or processing,
and shall include any storage or handling of materials
or products, before, during, or after manufacturing or
processing.
2. "Process Weight" means the total weight of all materials
introduced into any affected facility which may cause
any emission of particulate matter, but does not include
liquid and gaseous fuels charged, combustion air, or
uncombined water.
3. "Particulate Matter" means any material, except
uncombined water, which exists in a finely divided form
as a liquid or a solid at normal operating conditions.
B. Standard for Visible Emissions
Emissions of smoke of a shade equal to or greater than
twenty percent opacity shall be prohibited.
C. Particulate Emission Rate Standards
To determine the maximum emission rate of particulate
matter use the following:
1. £ 60,000 Ib/hr process weight rate
use: E = 3-59 P0-^
where: E = maximum emission rate in Ib/hr
P = process weight rate in tons/hr
2. > 60,000 Ib/hr process weight rate
use: E = 17.31 P0-16
where: E and P have the same meanings
shown in C.1. above
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KENTUCKY: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR NEW STATIONARY SOURCES
II. Emissions from Fuel Burning Equipment (Indirect Heat Exchangers)
A. Affected facilities.
1. Indirect Heat Exchangers with a capacity of more than
one MM Btu/hr input except for those using natural gas,
liquid petroleum gas, or distillate fuel oil as a main
fuel or combination of these as a main or standby fuel
with capacity of less than 50 MM Btu/hr input, for which
these standards shall not apply. The combined total
heat input capacity of all affected facilities shall be
used to determine the total allowable emissions from a
source.
B. Definitions
1. "Indirect Heat Exchanger" means any piece of equipment,
apparatus or contrivance used for the combustion of fuel
in which the energy produced is transferred to its point
of usage through a medium that does not come in contact
with or add to the products of combustion.
2. "Fuel" means natural gas, petroleum, coal, wood, and any
form of solid, liquid, or gaseous fuel derived from such
materials for the purpose of creating useful heat.
3. "Particulate Matter" means any finely divided liquid or
solid material, other than uncombined water, as measured
by a method specified by the Department.
C. Particulate Matter.
To determine the maximum emission rate of particulate
matter use the following:
Y = 0.9634 X-0-2356
where: Y = maximum particulate emission in
pounds per MM Btu heat input, and
X = heat input capacity rating in MM
Btu/hr
D. Visible Emissions (Smoke).
Gases emitted to the open atmosphere from affected
facilities shall not exhibit an opacity of greater than
twenty percent except that a maximum of forty percent
opacity shall be permissible for not more than two minutes
in any hour. Where the presence of uncorabined water is the
only reason for failure to meet the requirements of this
paragraph, such failure will not be a violation of this
section.
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KENTUCKY; STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR NEW STATIONARY SOURCES
II. Emissions from Fuel Burning Equipment (Indirect Heat Exchangers)
(Contd.)
E. Sulfur Dioxide (S02)
1 . Emission to the open atmosphere of gases containing
S02 shall be limited according to the following:
use:
a) for liquid fuel Y = 7-7223 X-0-
for solid fuel Y = 13.8781 XZ°
where (for both fuels): Y = maximum SC>2 emissions
in Ibs per MM Btu/hr heat
input; and X = heat input
capacity rating in MM
Btu/hr
b) for different fuels burned simultaneously in
any combination:
Y = y(a) + z(b)
where: y = % of total heat input derived from liquid
fuel
z = % of total heat input from solid fuel,
a = maximum SC>2 emission in Ibs/MM Btu
heat input derived from liquid fuel, and
b = maximum SC>2 emission in Ibs/MM Btu
heat input derived from solid fuel.
2. Compliance in any of the cases shown in E.I. above
shall be based on the total heat input from all fuels
burned, including gaseous.
F. Nitrogen Oxides
1 . Maximum emissions of nitrogen oxides (expressed as
N02) in effluent gases from fuel burning equipment
with input heat capacity of 250 MM Btu per hour or more
shall be as follows:
a) 0.20 Ib per million Btu heat input derived from
gaseous fuel.
b) 0.30 Ib per million Btu heat input derived from
liquid fuel.
c) 0.70 ID per million Btu heat input derived from solid
fuel (except lignite).
2. When different fuels are burned simultaneously in any
combination the applicable standard shall be determined
by the following:
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II
KENTUCKY: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR NEW STATIONARY SOURCES
Emissions from Fuel Burning Equipment (Indirect Heat Exchangers)
(Contd.)
Y = x(0.20) + y(0.30) + z(0.70)
x + y +z
where: Y is the maximum N02 emission in Ibs per MM BTU heat
input.
x is the percent of total heat input derived from
gaseous fuel, and
y is the percent of total heat input derived from
liquid fuel, and
z is the percent of total heat input derived from
solid fuel (except lignite).
III. Emissions from Incinerators
A. Definitions
1. "Auxiliary Fuel" means a substance burned in an incin-
erator to supply additional heat to attain temperature
sufficiently high to dry and ignite waste material and
to maintain ignition of the waste but is never in direct
contact with it.
B. Particulate Matter
1. The emission rate of particulate matter for incinerators
of more than 50 tons per day charging rate shall not be
in excess of 0.08 gr/dscf corrected to 12 percent
C02i excluding the contribution of carbon dioxide
from auxiliary fuel.
2. The emission rate of particulate matter for incinerators
of 50 tons per day charging rate or less shall not be in
excess of 0.2 gr/dscf corrected to 12 percent C02»
excluding the contribution of carbon dioxide from
auxiliary fuel.
IV. Emissions from Storage Vessels for Petroleum Liquids.
A. Affected facilities
1. The provisions of this section shall apply to storage
vessels for petroleum liquids having capacities greater
than 40,000 gallons, except as provided in subsection 2.
below.
2. Storage vessels for petroleum liquids with storage
capacity greater than 500 gallons but less than 40,000
gallons shall be equipped with a permanent submerged
fill pipe or vapor recovery system.
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KENTUCKY: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR NEW STATIONARY SOURCES
IV. Emissions from Storage Vessels for Petroleum Liquids (Contd.)
B. Definitions
1. "Storage Vessel" means any tank, reservoir, or container
used for the storage of petroleum liquids, but does not
include:
a) Pressure vessels which are designed to operate in
excess of fifteen (15) pounds per square inch gauge
without emissions to the atmosphere except under
emergency conditions.
b) Subsurface caverns or porous rock reservoirs, or
c) Underground tanks if the total volume of petroleum
liquids added to and taken from a tank annually does
not exceed twice the volume of the tank.
2. "Petroleum Liquids" means crude petroleum, condensate,
and any finished or intermediate products manufactured
in a petroleum refinery but does not mean Number 2
through Number 6 fuel oils, gas turbine fuel oil Number
26T through 4-GT, or diesel fuel oils Numbers 2-D and
4-D as specified by the Department for Natural Resources
and Environmental Protection.
3. "Petroleum Refinery" means any facility engaged in
producing gasoline, kerosene, distillate fuel oils,
residual fuel oils, lubricants, or other products
through distillation of petroleum or through redistilla-
tion, cracking, or reforming of unfinished petroleum
derivatives.
U. "Submerged fill pipe" means any fill pipe the discharge
of which is entirely submerged when the liquid level is
six inches above the bottom of the tank; or when applied
to a tank which is loaded from the side, shall mean
every fill pipe the discharge opening of which is en-
tirely submerged when the liquid level is two times the
fill pipe diameter above the bottom of the tank.
C. Hydrocarbon Standard
1. Petroleum liquids in affected facilities shall be stored
as follows:
a) If the true vapor pressure of the petroleum liquid,
as stored, is equal to or greater than 1.5 psia but
not greater than 11.1 psia, the storage vessel shall
be equipped with a floating roof, a vapor recovery
system, or their equivalence.
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IV,
KENTUCKY: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR NEW STATIONARY SOURCES
Emissions from Storage Vessels for Petroleum Liquids (Contd.)
b) If the true vapor pressure of the petroleum liquid as
stored is greater than 11.1 psia, the storage vessel
shall be equipped with a vapor recovery system or its
equivalence.
V. Emissions from Petroleum Refineries
A. Affected facilities. The provisions of this section shall
apply to fuel gas combustion devices in petroleum refin-
eries only.
B. Definitions
1. "Petroleum Refinery" (see definition at IV.B.3. herein).
"Petroleum" means the crude oil removed from the earth
and the oils derived from tar sands, shale, and coal.
3. "Process Gas" means any gas generated by a petroleum
refinery process mit, except fuel gas and process upset
gas as defined in this subsection.
4. "Fuel Gas" means any gas which is generated by a
petroleum refinery process unit and which is combusted,
including any gaseous mixture of natural gas and fuel
gas which is combusted.
5. "Fuel Gas Combustion Device" means any equipment, such
as process heaters, boilers and flares, used to combust
fuel gas but does not include fluid coking unit and
fluid catalytic cracking unit incinerator-waste heat
boilers or facilities in which gases are combusted to
produce sulfur or sulfuric acid.
6. "Process Upset Gas" means any gas generated by a
petroleum refinery process unit as a result of a
startup, shut-down, upset or malfunction.
C. Sulfur Dioxide (802)
1. No fuel gas containing H2S in excess of 0.10 gr/dscf
shall be burned in any fuel gas combustion device,
except as provided in subsection 2. below. The combus-
tion of process upset gas in a flare, or the combustion
in a flare of process gas or fuel gas which is released
to the flare as a result of relief valve leakage is
exempt from this section.
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KENTUCKY; STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR NEW STATIONARY SOURCES
V. Emissions from Petroleum Refineries (Contd.)
2. The owner or operator may elect to treat the gases
resulting from the combustion of fuel gas in a manner
which limits the release of SC>2 to the atmosphere
if it is shown that this prevents SC>2 emissions as
effectively as compliance with the requirements of C.1.
of this section.
VI. Standards for Oil-effluent Water Separators
A. Affected facilities. This standard shall apply to any
compartment of any ves'sel or device operated for the
recovery of oil from effluent water which recovers 200
gallons a day or more of any petroleum products from any
equipment which processes, refines, stores or handles
hydrocarbons with a Reid vapor pressure of 0.5 Ibs or
greater.
B. Emission Standard
Emissions of all hydrocarbon vapors and gases shall be
reduced by at least 90$ (by weight), except when gauging
and sampling is taking place.
VII. Standards for Organic Solvents
A. Affected Facilities.
1. This section shall apply to any article, machine,
equipment or other contrivance used for employing or
applying the following:
a) Any organic solvent which is photocheraically reactive
or material containing such photochemically reactive
solvent.
2. The provisions of this section shall not apply to:
a) The transport, loading, or storage of organic sol-
vents or materials containing organic solvents;
b) The use of any material if the volatile content con-
sists only of non-photochemically reactive solvent
comprising not more than 30 percent by volume of the
material as applied;
c) The use of any material if the volatile content con-
sists only of water and non-photochemically reactive
solvent and the solvent comprises not more than 20
percent of said volatile content by volume as applied*
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KENTUCKY: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR NEW STATIONARY SOURCES
VII. Standards for Organic Solvents (Contd.)
d) The use of equipment for which other standards are
specified by sections IV or VI of this regulation or
which are exempt from air pollution control require-
ments by those sections.
B. Definitions
1. "Organic materials" means chemical compounds of carbon
excluding carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, carbonic
acid, metallic carbides, metallic carbonates, and
ammonium carbonate.
2. "Organic Solvents" means organic materials which are
liquids at standard conditions and which are used as
dissolvers, viscosity reducers, cleaning agents,
diluents, or thinners.
3. "Photocheraically Reactive Solvent" means any solvent
with an aggregate of more than 20 percent of its total
volume composed of the chemical compounds classified
below or which exceeds any of the following individual
percentage composition limitations, referred to the
total volume of solvent:
a) A combination of hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehydes,
esters, ethers, or ketones having an olefinic or
cyclo-olefinic type of unsaturation - five percent;
b) A combination of aromatic compounds with eight or
more carbon atoms to the molecule except ethyl-
benzene - 8 percent;
c) A combination of ethylbenzene, ketones having
branched hydrocarbon structures, trichloroethylene or
toluene - 20 percent.
When any organic solvent or any constituent of an organ-
ic solvent may be classified by its chemical structure
into more than one of the above groups of organic com-
pounds, it shall be considered as a member of the most
reactive chemical group, that is, that group having the
least allowable percent of the total volume of solvents.
C. Standard for Organic Materials
1. It shall be prohibited to discharge into the open air
from any affected facility using organic solvents more
than JJO pounds of organic materials in any one day nor
more than eight pounds in any one hour, unless said
emissions have been reduced by at least 85 percent (by
weight).
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KENTUCKY: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR NEW STATIONARY SOURCES
VII. Standards for Organic Solvents (Contd.)
2. Emissions of organic materials into the atmosphere
required to be controlled by subsection C.I. shall be
reduced by:
a) Incineration, provided that 90 percent or more of the
carbon in the organic material being incinerated is
oxidized to carbon dioxide; or
b) Adsorption; or
c) Modifying processing procedures, equipment and/or
materials in such a manner so as to achieve at least
the degree of control of photochemically reactive
solvents required herein. The implementation of such
modification in lieu of compliance with subsection
C.1. requires the express prior approval of the
Department.
VIII. Emissions of Hazardous Pollutants
A. Potential Hazardous Emissions. The utmost consideration
shall be given to the potential harmful effects of and
effective control methods for discharges to the open
atmosphere of hazardous matters including, but not limited
to, antimony, arsenic, asbestos, beryllium, bismuth, lead,
mercury, silica, tin and compounds of such materials.
Evaluation of these sources and the control methods designed
and proposed will be made on a case-by-case basis by the
Department.
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KENTUCKY SOLID WASTE REGULATIONS
Basis: Solid Waste Regulations (401 KAR 2:010)
Agency: Department for Natural Resources and Environmental
Protection, Bureau of Environmental Quality,
Division of Solid Waste.
Landfills
A. Permit Requirements
1. A permit to construct and/or operate a landfill is
required by the state.
2. Permits may be conditioned upon special limitations
not found in this regulation.
B. Location
1. No landfill shall be exposed to a once in five year
flood.
2. Landfills subject to a high ground water table
shall be restricted to sites which:
a. provide greater than two feet of compacted
earth between deposited solid waste and the
maximum water table;
b. include measures to prevent contamination of
ground water; and
c. provide monitoring facilities.
3. Landfills shall provide not less than two feet of
compacted earth between deposited solid waste and
bedrock.
4. Landfill locations shall conform to applicable
local zoning laws and ordinances.
C. Design Criteria
1. Landfills shall be designed to prevent ground and
surface water pollution.
2. Surface contours shall minimize runoff onto or
through the operational or completed fill area.
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KENTUCKY SOLID WASTE REGULATIONS
I. Landfills (Contd.)
3. A buffer zone between the fill area and adjacent
land shall be provided.
4. Adequate cover shall be available to cover wastes
at sufficient intervals.
5. Where stacking of disposal cells is the proposed
disposal method, soil stability shall be
considered.
II. Sanitary Landfills
A. Special Requirements in addition to those listed above,
1. The plans shall include grades for proper drainage
of each lift and a typical cross section of each
lift.
2. Cover material shall be of such character that it
can be compacted to provide a tight seal.
3. The following improvements shall be made before a
sanitary landfill site is placed in operation.
a. All weather roads shall be provided following
improvements.
b. A shelter for operating personnel shall be
provided. The shelter shall be screened and
provided with heating facilities and adequate
lighting. Safe drinking water shall be
available at or near the site.
c. Fire protection shall be provided.
U. Sanitary landfills shall be in accordance with
approved plans.
5. Cover material shall be applied daily.
6. The area shall be graded as frequently as
necessary. No surface water shall drain to the
fill area.
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KENTUCKY SOLID WASTE REGULATIONS
III. Definitions
A. "Landfill" means a solid waste disposal site or
facility.
B. "Sanitary landfill" means a landfill at which
putrescible and other solid wastes may be disposed.
C. "Solid waste" means all putrescible and non-putrescible
refuse in solid form. Solid waste includes but is not
limited to garbage, rubbish, ashes, incinerator
residue, construction wastes and solid commercial and
industrial wastes.
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MISSOURI WATER QUALITY CRITERIA
Basis: Missouri Water Quality Standards (June 1973)
Agency: Missouri Clean Water Commission
I. GENERAL CRITERIA APPLICABLE TO ALL STATE WATERS
A. All industrial and mining effluents shall not create
conditions in the stream which will adversely affect
the present or future water uses.
B. The following minimum water quality conditions shall
be applicable to all waters of the state, and such
waters shall be:
1. Free from substances that will cause the formation of
putrescent or objectionable sludge deposits.
2. Free from floating debris, oil, scum and other
floating materials in amounts to be unsightly or
deleterious.
3. Free from substances producing color, odor or
other conditions to such degree as to create a
nuisance.
4. Free from substances that will have a harmful
effect on human, animal, or aquatic life.
II. SPECIFIC CRITERIA
A. The following specific water quality criteria shall
apply to all classified streams and lakes.
1. Substance or Condition Limitation
a. pH 6.5 - 8.5
b. Dissolved Oxygen 5 mg/1
c. Temperature _<90°F
Note: The above listed restrictions are the
minimum conditions which may exist at any
time due to effluents.
2. Substance or Condition Limitation
a. Toxic Substances None in concentra-
tions or combinations
which would be toxic
to human, animal,
plant or aquatic life,
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MISSOURI WATER QUALITY CRITERIA
II. SPECIFIC CRITERIA (CONTD.)
2. Substance or Condition (Contd.)
b.
g
j
k
Bacteria (Fecal coliform
count)
Taste and odor producing
sbustances
Turbidity
Color
Oil and Grease
Solids
Fluoride (Sources of Potable
Water Supply)
Undissociated Ammonium
Hydroxide (as Nitrogen)
Lead
Zinc
Limitation
* <_200/100 ml, nor
shall more than
10% of total
samples during any
30 day period
exceed 400/100 ml.
None which would
interfere with the
intended use of
the water.
None, other than
of natural origin.
None, other than
natural origin.
No residue attri-
butable to waste
water, visible oil
film, or globules
of grease.
None in amounts to
be unsightly or
deleterious or
will settle to
form sludge
deposits.
<1.2 mg/1 due to
effluents or
surface runoff.
<0.1 mg/1
*<0.1 mg/1
<1 mg/1
The standards state that these are to be controlled at the
limits shown "insofar as possible".
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MISSOURI WATER QUALITY CRITERIA
III. EFFLUENT REGULATION (April 1975)
A.
Effluents shall meet the best practicable control
technology as defined in current effluent limitation
guideline documents as prepared by the Federal EPA
or the Missouri Clean Water Commission. Where such
documents are not available or applicable, the
limitations shown below shall be used as the general
effluent limitations in establishing permit condi-
tions, and represents the lower level at which the
various substances can be removed in a wastewater
stream economically with current technology.
Substance
Arsenic
Barium
Beryllium
Cadmium
Chromium - Hexavalent
Trivalent
Copper
Iron (Suspended or
settleable iron, no
discoloration at point
of discharge)
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Zinc
Cyanide
Phenols
Oil and Grease (No
visible or floating
oil)
Settleable Solids
Limitation
ug/1 mg/1 (Calculated)
100
2000
500
100
50
500
1000
1000
100
10
1000
50
100
1000
50
1000
<15000
0.1
2.0
0.5
0.1
0.05
0.50
1.0
1.0
0.1
0.01
1.0
0.05
0.1
1.0
0.05
1.0
15
0.2 ml/1
B.
The following limitations apply to percolating water
from all areas of land on which wastes or wastewater is
allowed to accumulate, whether or not additional treat-
ment is to be obtained by application to the land. Such
percolating water shall be considered an effluent to the
subsurface waters when it reaches a depth of more than 4
feet.
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MISSOURI WATER QUALITY CRITERIA
III. EFFLUENT REGULATION (April 1975) (Contd.)
Substance Limitation
Arsenic
Barium
Cadmium
Chromium (Total)
Copper
Cyanide
Fluoride
Lead
Nickel
Phenols
Selenium
Silver
Zinc
COD
Threshold Odor Number (TON)
Linear Alkylate Sulfonates
Chlorides
Sulfates
Total Dissolved Solids
Nitrate (as N03)
C. Dilution Prohibited
50
1000
30
500
20
10
1200
50
800
5
10
50
100
10
3
1.0
250
250
500
10
ug/1
ug/1
ug/1
ug/1
ug/1
ug/1
ug/1
ug/1
ug/1
ug/1
ug/1
ug/1
ug/1
ug/1
mg/1
mg/1
mg/1
mg/1
rag/1
Dilution of treated wastewater with cooling water
or other less contaminated water to lower the con-
centration to limits required by an effluent regu-
lation shall not be an acceptable means of treat-
ment.
IV. REGULATION FOR THE STORAGE OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS - (June 1974)
A. Pollution Prevention
1. Any owner or operator of storage facilities for
any hazardous materials; such as, but not limited to,
petroleum products, fertilizer, pesticides, herbicides,
cyanide or cyanogen compounds which are hazardous to
health and welfare, or are capable of causing pollution if
accident- released, shall locate and construct such
facilities so as to prevent any spillage which might
result in pollution or damage to a sewer or water
treatment facility. Facilities such as catchment areas,
relief vessels, or dikes shall be installed to prevent
accidental pollution of the state waters.
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MISSOURI: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
Agency: Missouri Air Conservation Commission
I. General Provisions
A. Definitions
1. "Particulate Matter" means any material, except
uncombined water, that exists in a finely divided form
as a liquid or solid at standard conditions.
2. "Ringelmann Chart" means "Ringelmann's Scale for Grad-
ing the Density of Smoke" as published in the U.S.
Bureau of Mines Information Circular 8333.
II. Visible Emission Standards
A. General
Maximum Emissions
May not be equal to or darker than:
No. 1 on Ringelmann Chart or an equivalent opacity.
B. Exceptions to A.
1. Visible discharges of less than No. 3 on the Ringelmann
Chart or equivalent opacity for periods aggregating not
more than six minutes in any sixty minutes will not
violate this section.
2. No violation will occur where the presence of uncom-
bined water is the only reason for failure of an emis-
sion to meet the standards of this section.
C. Incinerators
Maximum Emissions
May not be equal to or darker than:
No. 1 on Ringelmann Chart or an equivalent opacity.
D. Fugitive Dust. (Airborne Particulate Matter)
1. Definitions
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MISSOURI: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
II. Visible Emission Standards (Contd.)
a) "Standard Conditions" for this section shall mean a
gas temperature of 60 °F and a gas pressure of 14.7
psia.
2. It shall be prohibited to allow particulate matter to
become airborne so that it remains visible in the am-
bient air beyond the originating source premises or so
that its presence may be found beyond said premises and
that:
a) it has particulate matter shown to be larger than 40
microns and
b) at least one complaint has been filed with the
Commission.
3. Reasonable measures shall be used as may be required to
prevent.particulate matter from becoming airborne so as
to remain visible beyond the originating premises where
a building or its appurtenances or a road, driveway, or
open area is beint, constructed, used, repaired or de-
molished. Reasonable measures include, but are not
limited to, paving or frequent cleaning of roads and
parking lots; application of dust free surfaces; appli-
cation of water; and the planting and maintenance of
vegetative ground cover.
III. Emission Standards for Particulate Matter
A. Emissions from Industrial Processes
1. Definitions
a) "Process weight" means the total weight of all
materials introduced into a source, including solid
fuels but excluding liquids and gases used solely as
fuels and air introduced for combustion.
2. Maximum allowable emissions*
a) For process weights up to 60,000 Ib/hr, use:
E r 4.OP °-67
where: E = maximum rate of emission in Ib/hr,
P = process weight rate in tons/hr
b) For process weights in excess pf 60,000 Ib/hr, use:
E = 55.0P0-11 - 40
where E and P are the same as in a) above
*(see next page) 235
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MISSOURI: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
III. Emissions Standards for Particulate Matter (Contd.)
c) Maximum concentration in exhaust gas
0.30 gr/SCF of exhaust gas
•The limitations of a) and b) in this section may
sometimes be relaxed by optional limitation methods
based on particulate concentration in the source gas
or on a gas volume adjustment and emission limitation
in pollution abatement equipment. (Details for these
may be found in Regulation S-V, Section D of the
Missouri Air Regulations). The concentration
limitation in c) of this section must be met
regardless of the option used, however.
d) Exceptions. The provisions of A. 2 shall not apply
during periods when a new fire is being built,
during startup or malfunction, or while air
pollution control equipment is being repaired or
cleaned.
B. Standards for Fugitive Dust (Preventing Airborne
Particulate Matter)
1. Definitions. "Particulate Matter" means any material,
except uncombined water, existing in a finely divided
form as a liquid or solid at standard conditions.
2. Property line limitations
It shall be prohibited to cause or permit the emission
of any particulate matter so as to cause concentrations
of particulate matter at any inhabited place to exceed
any one of the following:
a) Suspended Particulates 80 ug/m3 6-month geometric
mean
(High-Volume Sampler) 200 ug/nH 2-hour arithmetic
average for not
less than five
two-hour sampling
periods within any
one year. No more
than 3 samples
shall be taken
during any 24-hour
period
b) Soiling Index p.4Coh/1000 6 month geometric
lineal ft. mean
(AISI Paper tape 1.0Coh/1000 8-hour arithemtic
sampler) lineal ft. average
236
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MISSOURI: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
IV. Standards for Emissions from Fuel Burning Equipment
used for Indirect Heating
A. Definitions
1. The "heat input capacity" rating shall be the equipment
manufacturer's or the designer's guaranteed maximum
input, whichever is greater.
B. Maximum Particulate Emissions
1. Maximum emission, if capacity rating <10 MM Btu/hr
0.60 Ibs per MM Btu/hr heat input
2. Maximum emission, if capacity rating >10 MM Btu/hr and
< 2000 MM Btu/hr
use formula:
log Y = - .3382 log X + 2.1454
where:
Y is the allowable emissions in
Ibs/hr
X is the heat input (aggregate heat
heat content of all fuels used) in
in MM Btu/hr
3. Maximum emission, if capacity rating >2000 MM Btu/hr
0.100 Ibs per MM Btu/hr heat input
V. Emission Standards for Incinerators
A. Definitions
1. "Refuse" means garbage, rubbish, trade wastes, leaves,
salvageable material, or other wastes.
B. Maximum Particulate Emissions
1. Incinerators with burning capacity >200 Ibs/hr
0.2 grains per SCF(Dry) exhaust gas, corrected
to 12* C02
237
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MISSOURI; STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
V. Emission Standards for Incinerators (Contd.)
Incinerators with burning capacity <200 Ibs/hr
0.3 grains per SCF(Dry) exhaust gas, corrected
to 12* C02
C. Other Requirements
1. Incinerators shall be multiple chamber incinerators,
provided that the commission may approve any other kind
of incinerator shown in advance of installation or
construction to be capable of complying with the
requirements of this regulation.
VI. Standards for Emissions of Sulfur Compounds
A. General Provisions
1. Where several limitations are applicable to a given
emission, the more stringent or restrictive standard
shall apply.
B. Standards for Concentration in Emissions
1. Affected facilities. This sub-section B shall apply to
all facilities except those in which both:
a) fuel is burned primarily to produce heat, and
b) the emission of sulfur compounds is due primarily to
sulfur in the fuel burned.
2. Maximum SOp concentration in gas emitted
500 ppm (by vol. )
3. Maximum sulfuric acid or sulfur trioxide (or any
combination thereof) concentration in emitted gas stream
35 mg (expressed as H2SO||) per cubic
meter of gas emitted
C. Other Limitations on Rate and Manner of Emission
1. Affected facilities. This sub-section C. shall apply to
all facilities.
2. S02
Maximum rate of SO?_Emission
1000 Ibs/hr
238
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MISSOURI: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
VI. Standards for Emissions of Sulfur Compounds (Contd.)
3. Exception to sub-sections C. 1 and 2. above:
a) Where SC>2 emissions do not cause or contribute to
SC>2 concentrations in the ambient air at any
occupied place beyond the emitting source premises
exceeding those below for the period and frequency
shown :
Maximum SC>2 Concen- Time Period Maximum Frequency
tion in Ambient Air* Averaged Allowable _
.25 ppm (by vol.) 1 hr once in any 4 day
period
.07 ppm (by vol.) 24 hr once in any 90 day
period
*Air at standard conditions
4. Sulfuric acid and sulfur trioxide (SO^)
Emissions of sulfuric acid and sulfur trioxide (or any
combination thereof) from a source such that concentra-
tions attributable to the source in the ambient air in
inhabited areas beyond the source premises exceed the
values shown on the table below for the frequencies shown
shall be prohibited:
Maximum f^SOij or SOg
Concentration (or any
bination thereof) in Time Period Maximum Frequency
Ambient Air** _ Averaged Allowable _
0.03 mg/m3 30 minutes once in any 48 hrs
0.01 mg/m3 24 hrs once in any 90 days
••Concentration expressed as F^SOij; air at standard
conditions.
5. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S)
Emissions of hydrogen sulfide from a source so that
concentrations attributable to the source in the ambient air
in any inhabited areas beyond the premises of the source
239
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MISSOURI; STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
VI. Standards for Emissions of Sulfur Compounds (Contd.)
exceed the values shown on the table below shall be
prohibited:
Maximum
concentration Time Period Maximum Frequency
in Ambient Air Averaged Allowable _
0.03 ppm (by vol.) 30 minutes twice in any 5 con-
secutive days
0.05 ppm (by vol.) 30 minutes twice per year
VII. Standards for Emission of Odors
A. Odorous matter shall not be emitted in such concentrations
and frequencies or for such durations that such odor can be
perceived when one volume of the odorous air is diluted with
seven volumes of odor-free air for two separate trials not
less than 15 minutes apart ithin the period of one hour.
B. Standards for Incinerators
1 . Incinerators shall be designed and operated so that all
gases, vapors and entrained effluents shall, while passing
through the final combustion chamber, be maintained at a
sufficient temperature to destroy all odor, provided,
however, the Executive Secretary (Missouri Air Conserva-
tion Commission) may approve any other method of odor
control shown to be equally effective.
VIII. Standards of Performance for New Stationary Sources
A. The Federal regulations for new stationary emission
sources (40 CFR, Part 60) are incorporated by reference.
The portions of these Federal regulations relevant to this
project have been synopsized herein and this synopsis may be
found under the "Federal EPA Regulations and Standards"
section of this report.
B. The Federal regulations incorporated herein because
relevant or partially relevant to fossil-fuel conversion
facilities within the scope of this project cover the
following listed plants or facilities:
1. Fossil-fuel fired steam generators (MO CFR, Part 60,
Subpart D).
2. Incinerators (40 CFR, Part 60, Subpart E).
3. Storage Vessels for Petroleum Liquids (40 CFR, Part 60,
Subpart K).
240
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MISSOURI; STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
VIII. Standards of Performance for New Stationary Sources
4. Petroleum Refineries (40 CFR, Part 60, Subpart J).
5. Also, proposed Federal regulations covering lignite fired
steam generators (will be found in 40 CFR, Part 60, when
issued).
C. Where both state limitations herein and Federal regula-
tions incorporated herein are applicable to an emission
source, the more stringent standard shall be applied to each
emission.
241
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MISSOURI SOLID WASTE RULES AND REGULATIONS
Basis: Missouri Solid Waste Management Law and Missouri
Solid Waste Rules and Regulations.
Agency: Missouri Department of Natural Resources, Division
of Environmental Quality.
Sanitary Landfill
A. Solids Wastes Excluded:
1. Hazardous wastes;
2. Bulk liquids;
3. Semi solids;
4. Sludges containing free moisture;
5. Highly flammable or volatile substances;
6. Pesticides; and
7. Industrial process sludge.
B. Design
1. The wastes to be received shall be determined and
names in the plan and the "Application for
Operating Permit."
2. The plan shall specify the operating procedures for
disposal of the listed wastes.
3. A list of wastes not approved for acceptance shall
be displayed at the site entrance.
C. Site Selection
1. Site selection and utilization shall comply with
local zoning laws, including a study and evaluation
of geologic and hydrologic conditions and soils at
the site.
2. Site development plans shall be prepared or
approved by a registered professional engineer and
shall include:
a. Land use and zoning within 1/U mile of the
site, including location of all residences,
242
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MISSOURI SOLID WASTE RULES AND REGULATIONS
I. Sanitary Landfill (Contd.)
buildings, wells, water courses, springs,
lakes, rock outcroppings, caves, sink-holes and
soil or rock borings. All electric, gas,
water, sewer and other utility eastraents or
lines that are located on, under or over the
actual disposal site shall be shown on the
plans.
b. A map showing initial and proposed topographies
at contour intervals of five feet or less.
3. Plans shall describe the projected use of the
completed sanitary landfill.
4. .The geology and hydrology of the site shall be
evaluated in order to design site development in a
manner to protect or minimize the impact on surface
water and O."ound water resources. Precipitation,
evapotranspiration, and cliraatological conditions
shall be considered in site selection and design.
D. Design Requirement
1. Plans for the design, construction, operation or
alteration of the site shall be prepared or
approved by a registered professional engineer
licensed by the State of Missouri.
E. Water Quality
1. The location, design, construction and operation
shall minimize environmental hazards and shall
conform to applicable ground and surface water
quality standards and requirements.
2. Plans shall include, but are not limited to:
a. Current and projected use of water resources in
the potential zone of influence.
b. Provisions for surface water runoff control to
minimize infiltration and erosion of cover
material. On-site drainage structures and
channels should be designed for at least a
20-year rainfall frequency.
243
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MONTANA WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
Basis: Water Quality Standards, MAC 16-2.14(10) -
S14480; Montana Pollutant Discharge Elimination
Systems, '16-2.14(10) - S14460.
Agency: Montana State Department of Health and
Environmental Sciences.
Notes: 1. The Montana water quality standards are
composed of water use classifications, water
use descriptions and specific water quality
criteria, and general water quality
criteria.
2. The general water quality criteria apply to
all state waters except where specific water
quality criteria are more applicable to a
specific water use classification.
I. GENERAL WATER QUALITY CRITERIA
A. Minimum Treatment Required
1. Industrial waste is to receive, as a minimum,
treatment equivalent to the best practicable
control technology currently available (BPCT) as
defined by the Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA).
2. Where BPCT is not defined by EPA, industrial
waste is to receive, after maximum in plant
control, a minimum of secondary treatment or
equivalent.
B. State surface waters are to be free from substancess
attributable to ... industrial or other discharge
that will:
1. Settle to form objectionable sludge deposits or
emulsions beneath the surface of the water.
2. Create floating debris, scum, a visible oil film
(or be present in concentrations at or in excess
of 10 mg/1) or globules of grease or other
floating materials.
3. Produce odors, colors or other conditions so as
to create a nuisance.
244
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MONTANA WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
I. GENNERAL WATER QUALITY CRITERIA (CONTD.)
4. Create concentrations or combinations of ma-
terials which are toxic or harmful to human,
animal, plant or aquatic life.
5. Create conditions which produce undesirable
aquatic life.
C. Violation of Standards
1. No wastes are to be discharged or activities
conducted such that will violate, or can
reasonably be expected to violate, any of the
water quality standards.
D. Turbidity
1. No wastes are to be discharged and no activities
conducted which will cause turbidities to exceed
those allowed by the specific water quality
criteria.
a. Exception - Short term activities such as
dredging, channel or bank alterations, stream
diversions or other construction may be
authorized by the department.
E. Waste Treatment Ponds
1. Ponds for waste treatment purposes are not to be
located in drainage ways where the volume of
drainage water from a 10-year storm entering the
ponds exceeds one-half the volume of the ponds.
An exception is noted for emergency oil spills.
F. Mixing Zone
1. Existing discharges to state waters will be
entitled to a mixing zone as determined by the
department.
G. Dissolved Gases _<110$ of saturation
II. EFFLUENT STANDARDS
A. Jurisdiction of the National Pollutant Discharge
Elimination System permit in Montana has been
transferred from the EPA to the state. Montana
establishes specific individual effluent standards
by the conditions set forth in this state issued
NPDES permit.
245
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MONTANA WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
II. EFFLUENT STANDARDS (CONTD.)
B. Basis for determining effluent limitations
1. Prohibition of certain discharges without prior ap-
proval from the department.
2. Self monitoring requirements for each authorized dis-
charge, including but not limited to the following:
a. Pollutants to be monitored;
b. Frequency of monitoring, recording, and reporting;
c. Analytical and sampling methods to be utilized;
d. Recording and reporting procedures to be utilized; and
e. Procedures for reporting other considerations
having an effect on authorized discharges or that
may effect an authorized discharge, or that may
affect any of the conditions of the permit.
3- Requirements for consideration of unusual discharges,
including but not limited to the following:
a. Reporting procedures for accidental discharges,
plant bypasses, plant upsets, and discharge of oil
and hazardous materials; and
b. Where applicable required submittal of an accept-
able oil and hazardous materials spill prevention
and containment plan.
246
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MONTANA; STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
Agency: Air Quality Bureau, Environmental Science Division,
Montana Department of Health and Environmental Sciences
I. General Provisions
A. Definitions
1. "Fuel burning equipment" means any furnace, boiler
apparatus, stack, or appurtenances thereto used in the
process of burning fuel or other, combustible material
for the primary purpose of producing heat or power by
indirect heat transfer.
2. "Installation" means any property, real or personal,
including, but not limited to, processing equipment,
manufacturing equipment, or construction, capable of
creating or causing emissions.
3. "Particulate matter" means any material, except water
in uncombinea orm, that is or has been airborne, and
exists as a liquid or a solid at standard conditions.
4. "Ringelmann Smoke Chart" means the chart published and
described in the latest applicable U. S. Bureau of
Mines Information Circular, used in estimating the
light obscuring power of smoke.
II. Visible Emission Standards
A. Maximum Emissions - Any Installation
No. 2 on Ringelmann Chart, or equivalent opacity
B. Maximum Emissions - Any Single Source
No. 1 on Ringelmann Chart, or equivalent opacity
C. Exceptions to A. and B.
1. The above limitations do not apply where the presence
of uncombined water is the only reason for failure of
an emission to meet such limitations.
2. The limitations of A. and B. above shall not apply to
emissions during the building of a new fire, soot
blowing, or building a new fire if the emission shade
or density is less than No. 3 on the Ringelmann Chart
for periods aggregating four minutes or less in any 60
minutes.
D. Incinerators
1. Maximum Emissions
No. I/ 2 on Ringelmann Chart, or IQ% Opacity
247
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MONTANA; STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES'
III. Emission Standards for Fugitive Dust
A. It shall be prohibited to handle, transport, or store any
material in such a manner as to allow controllable
particulate matter to become airborne.
B. It shall be prohibited to cause or allow a building or its
appurtenances, or a road, driveway or open area to be
constructed, used, repaired or demolished without applying
all such reasonable measures as may be required to prevent
particulate matter from becoming airborne. Reasonable
measures include, but are not limited to, paving, or
frequent cleaning of roads, driveways or parking lots,
application of dust-free surfaces, application of water,
and the planting and maintaining of vegetative ground
cover.
IV. Emission Standards for Particulate Matter
A. Definitions
1. "Process weight" means the total weight of all
materials introduced into any specific process which
may cause emissions. Solid fuels charged will be
considered as part of the process weight, but liquid
and gaseous fuels and combustion air will not.
B. Industrial Processes
1. Affected facilities: All industrial processes but not
including:
a) fuel burning equipment
b) incinerators
c) new stationary sources as covered in Section IX
herein for which particulate emission standards
have been promulgated
2. Maximum Emissions
Use the formulae as follows:
£ 60,000 Ib/hr process weights
E = 4.10P°'67
> 60,000 Ib/hr process weights
E = 55.0P°-1:L-1JO
where (in both formulae above):
E = maximum rate of emission in Ib/hr; and
P = process weight rate in T/hr
248
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MONTANA: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
IV. Emission Standards for Particulate Matter (Contd.)
C. Fuel Burning Equipment
1. Maximum Emission
_<10 MM Btu/hr heat input: 0.60 Ib/MM Btu heat input
>10 MM Btu/hr heat input:
use E = 1.026X~°-233
[Formula not in written regulations - received from
Montana Bureau by telephone].
where: E is maximum rate of emission in Ib/MM Btu heat
input; and
X is heat input in MM Btu/hr.
2. Heat input in C.I. above shall be calculated as the
aggregate heat content of all fuels (using upper limit
of their heating value range) whose products of com-
bustion pass through a stack or chimney.
D. Incinerators
1. Maximum Emission
0.10 gr/ DSCF of flue gas, corrected to 12$
CC>2 amd calculated as if no auxiliary fuel
had been used
2. No incinerator shall be used for the burning of refuse
unless such incinerator is of the multiple chamber
type or other design of equal effectiveness for air
pollution control purposes and approved by the admini-
strator prior to construction or installation.
V. Emission Standards for Sulfur Oxides
A. Standards for Sulfur (S) Content of Fuels
1. Liquid or Solid Fuels
a) Maximum S in fuel: 1 Ib/MM Btu fired
2. Gaseous Fuels
a) Maximum S in fuel (S calculated as H2S):
50 gr/ 100SCF of gaseous fuel
3. Exemptions as to A.I. and A.2. above:
a) Incineration of waste gases where:
i) gross heating value of waste gases is less
than 300 Btu/SCF; and
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MONTANA; STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
V. Emission Standards for Sulfur Oxides (Contd.)
ii) the fuel used for firing does not contain
sulfur compounds in excess of the limitations
of A.I. or A.2. above.
b) Facilities in which the gaseous products of
combustion are used as raw materials in
processes.
c) Small refineries of under 10,000 barrels per day
crude oil charge.
4. Exceptions
a) Facilities firing at a rate of 1 MM Btu/hr or less
may burn fuels that are not within the sulfur
requirements above with proper approval.
b) Fuels containing higher sulfur contents than
allowed herein may be used with proper approval
where such fuels are mixed with one or more lower
sulfur-containing fuels so that the resultant
mixture has an equivalent sulfur content not in
excess of the standards in this section.
c) Sulfur dioxide control as to the emission gases
may be used as an alternate to the requirements in
this section upon approval if it can be shown that
the sulfur emissions in Ib/hr with such control
will not exceed the amount that would be emitted
were fuel within the sulfur content limitations
herein to be used.
VI. Standards for Odors
A. General Prohibitions
1. It shall be prohibited to cause or allow the discharge
of gases, vapors, or odors beyond the property line of
a source so that a public nuisance is created.
2. It shall be prohibited to operate any business or use
any machine, equipment, device, facility or process
discharging into the atmosphere any odorous matter or
vapors, gases, dusts, or combination thereof which
create odors without providing and maintaining such
odor control devices, systems, or procedures as may be
specified by the administrator.
B. Handling and Storage Limitations
1. Odor producing materials shall be stored and handled
so that accompanying odors do not create a public
nuisance; accumulation of such quantities of these
materials as to permit their escape or spillage shall
be prohibited.
250
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MONTANA: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
VI. Standards for Odors (Contd.)
2. Odor bearing gases, vapors, fumes, or dusts arising
from materials in-process shall be confined at the
point of origin and/or treated before discharge to the
atmosphere to prevent liberation of odorous matter.
VII. Fluoride Emission Standards
A. Phosphate, phosphorite, or phosphorous processing
equipment and other fluoride processing or treating
equipment.
1. Affected facilities: any phosphate rock or
phosphorite processing equipment, equipment used in
the production of elemental phosphorous, enriched
phosphate, phosphoric acid, defluorinated phosphate or
phosphate concentrate, or equipment processing
fluorides enriched wastewater, fluorides in a gaseous
or particulate form or combinations thereof.
2. Maximum Emissions (of fluorides in particulate or
gaseous form or a combination thereof)
0.3 Ib/T of ?2^5 5 introduced into a
process capable of releasing appli-
cable fluorides
B. Pond Emission Standards
1. It shall be prohibited to cause or allow the emission
of fluorides from any storage pond, settling basin,
ditch, liquid holding or conveying tank or device
associated with the affected facilities described in
A.I. above in excess of:
108 ug/cm2/28 days (using calcium formate
paper determination
method)
VIII. Standards for Organic Liquids (Petroleum Products)
A. Storage and Handling
[Montana has incorporated by reference certain of the
Federal regulations for new stationary emission sources
(40CFR, Part 60). Among these is "Storage Vessels for
Petroleum Liquids" (40CFR, Part 60, Subpart K) which has
standards for this subtopic. See Section IX herein and
"Federal EPA Regulations and Standards" part of this
report for details].
B. Oil-water Separators
251
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MONTANA: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
VIII. Standards for Organic Liquids (Petroleum Products) (Contd.)
1. It shall be prohibited to use any compartment of any
single or multiple compartment oil-effluent water
separator which compartment receives effluent water
containing 200 gallons a day or more of any petroleum
product of equal or greater volatility than kerosene,
unless such compartment is equipped with one of the
following vapor loss control devices constructed so as
to prevent any emission of hydrocarbon vapors to the
atmosphere.
a) A solid cover with all openings sealed and totaly
enclosing the liquid contents. All gauging and
sampling devices shall be gas-tight except when
gauging or sampling is taking place.
b) A floa'ting roof, consisting of a pontoon type or
double-deck type roof, resting on the surface of
the liquid contents and equipped with a closure
seal or seals to clo0^ the space between the roof
edge and containment wall. All gauging and
sampling devices shall be gas-tight except when
gauging or sampling is taking place.
c) A vapor recovery system, consisting of a vapor
gathering system capable of collecting the
hydrocarbon vapors and gases discharged and a
vapor disposal system capable of processing such
hydrocarbon vapors and gases so as to prevent
their emission to the atmosphere. All tank
gauging and sampling devices shall be gas-tight
except when gauging or sampling is taking place.
d) Other equipment of equal efficiency provided such
equipment has been approved by the administrator.
C. Loading
1. It shall be prohibited to load or permit the loading
of gasoline into any stationary tank with a capacity
of 250 gallons or more from any tank truck or trailer,
except through a permanent submerged fill pipe, unless
such tank is capable of maintaining working pressures
sufficient at all times to prevent hydrocarbon vapor
or gas loss to the atmosphere, or is designed and
equipped with one of the following vapor loss control
devices:
a) A floating roof, consisting of a pontoon type or
double-deck type roof, resting on the surface of
the liquid contents and equipped with a closure
seal or seals to close space between the roof edge
and tank wall. The control equipment provided for
in this paragraph shall not be used if the
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MONTANA: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
VIII. Standards for Organic Liquids (Petroleum Products) (Contd.)
gasoline or petroleum distillate has a vapor
pressure of 13.0 pounds per square inch
absolute or greater under actual storage
conditions. All tank gauging and sampling devices
shall be gas-tight except when gauging or sampling
is taking place.
b) A vapor recovery system, consisting of a vapor
gathering system capable of collecting the
hydrocarbon vapors and gases discharged and a
vapor disposal system capable of processing such
hydrocarbon vapors and gases so as to prevent
their emission to the atmosphere. All tank
gauging and sampling devices shall be gas-tight
except when gauging or sampling is taking place.
c) Other equipment of equal efficiency provided such
equipment has been approved by the administrator.
IX. Standards for New Stationary Sources
A. Certain Federal regulations for new stationary emission
sources (40 CFR, Part 60) are incorporated by reference.
The regulations incorporated which are relevant to this
project are listed in B. below. The relevant portions of
these regulations have been synopsized herein and this
synopsis may be found under the "Federal EPA Regulations
and Standards" section of this report.
B. The Federal regulations incorporated herein because
relevant or partially relevant to fossil-fuel conversion
facilities within the scope of this project cover the
following listed plants or facilities:
1. Fossil-fuel fired steam generators (40 CFR, Part 60,
Subpart D.).
2. Incinerators (40 CFR, Part 60, Subpart E).
3. Storage Vessels for Petroleum Liquids (40 CFR, Part
60, Subpart K).
4. Petroleum Refineries (40 CFR, Part 60, Subpart J).
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MONTANTA SOLID WASTE REGULATIONS
Basis: State Senate Bills 175 and 200
Agency: Department of Health and Environment Sciences,
Solid Waste Management Bureau
The Montana State Legislature has enacted two new
laws, Senate Bills 175 and 200, respectively
titled, "Solid Waste Management Act" and "Montana
Solid Waste Management Act." Part of Senate Bill
175 requires that a state solid waste management
plan be prepared taking into account public
comment.
The Montana Department of Health and Environmental
Sciences has stated that the draft state plan was
compiled to meet the requirements not only of
state law but also of the federal law (The
Recource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1975).
The state plan establishes the means for local and
areawide planning to be initiated and financial
assistance provided for these efforts.
The following rule, as of May 1977, is proposed
under the Montana Solid Waste Management Act. The
highlights of this proposed rule are as follows:
Rule MAC (May 1977)
Montana Solid Waste Management Act.
I. Waste Classification
A. Group I wastes include but are not limited to:
1. Wastes identified by EPA as hazardous wastes;
2. Brines, caustics, acids, industrial process wastes
and liquid synthetic organic chemicals;
3* Oil, petroleum wastes and waste sediments or
sludges from petroleum products.
II. Solid Waste Disposal Site Classification
A. Class I sites may accept Group I, II and III wastes;
and
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MONTANTA SOLID WASTE REGULATIONS
II. Solid Waste Disposal Site Classification (Contd.)
1. Shall not allow the discharge of these materials or
their by-products to ground or surface water; and
2. Confine the wastes to disposal site or must be
situated in a location where the leachate from the
wastes can only percolate into underlying
formations which have no hydraulic continuity with
ground or surface waters.
B. Approval Required - Class I Sites
1. Maintenance and operation plan, design, and
location shall be approved by the department.
III. Class I Solid Waste Disposal Site
A. The site shall be fenced.
B. The site shall t strictly supervised during open
hours.
C. Burning of solid waste at a Class I disposal site is
prohibited unless a variance in writing is granted.
D. Dumping of solid waste shall be confined to an area
which can be effectively maintained and operated in
accordance with this rule.
E. Group I waste at a Class I disposal site shall be
covered with a minimum of twelve (12) inches of
suitable earth after each operating day, unless an
exemption is granted.
IV. Hazardous Wastes
A. Identification of Hazardous Wastes
1. Any solid waste or combination of solid wastes
shall be termed a hazardous waste if so classified
by the EPA.
B. Generation of Hazardous Wastes
1. No person may consign hazardous wastes to another
person without the disclosure of the hazardous
nature of the solid waste.
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MONTANTA SOLID WASTE REGULATIONS
IV. Hazardous Wastes (Contd.)
2. The department may require the submission of
reports from persons who generate hazardous wastes,
regarding the types, quantities, composition and
disposition of such wastes.
3. Not later than ninety (90) days after the
promulgation by EPA of rules identifying hazardous
wastes, any person who generates hazardous wastes
shall file notification with the department stating
the location and general description of the waste
generating facility and the hazardous wastes
produced at such facility.
4. The department may require persons who generate
hazardous wastes to maintain pertinent records,
including copies of waste manifests, for specified
periods of time.
5. Beginning six (6) months after the EPA adopts rules
applicable to the generation of hazardous wastes,
no person who generates hazardous wastes may place
such wastes in containers except as allowed under
EPA rules, amy place such wastes in unlabeled or
improperly labeled containers, or may consign a
shipment of hazardous wastes to another person
without initiating a waste manifest.
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TECHNICAL REPORT DATA .
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
REPORT NO.
EPA-600/7-79-231a
2.
. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
Environmental Standards for Coal Conversion Processes.
Volume I. Most Stringent, Federal, and Selected State
Regulations
. REPORT DATE
October 1979
,. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
. AUTHOR(S)
O.K. Webber and D.E. Whittaker
i. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Pullman Kellogg
16200 Park Row, Industrial Park Ten
Houston, TX 77084
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
11
. CONTRACT/G
RANT NO.
68-02-2198
2. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
EPA, Office of Research and Development
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final; 9/77 - 1/79
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/13
5. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES IERL_RTP project officer is Robert
919/541-2160.
A. McAllister, Mail Drop 61,
e. ABSTRACT The report synopsizes existing and proposed environmental standards as a
guide for evaluating the efficiency of available and developing technology for
controlling liquid, gaseous, and solid wastes from coal conversion processes.
Within the U.S., the Federal (including EPA) standards and guidelines for air, water,
and solid wastes were gathered, together with standards for 22 states (selected for
their potential in installing coal conversion facilities) and two regional commissions
Because environmental effects can cross national borders, standards and guidelines
for Mexico, the Dominion of Canada, two Canadian provinces, and the International
Joint Commission of U.S. and Canada were synopsized and added to the U.S. standards.
All standards and guidelines were compared; from them the most stringent standards
were summarized. This summary, reduced as far as possible to engineering terms, can
guide in the design of coal conversion plants on the premise that if wastes from
the conversion process steps are treated so that the final releases to the environment
meet the criteria of most stringent standards, then conversion plants can be built
anywhere in the U.S., Mexico, or Canada.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b. IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
. COSATI Field/Group
Pollution
Standards
Coal Gasification
Liquefaction
Coal Preparation
Pollution Control
Stationary Sources
Coal Conversion
13B
14B
13H
07D
081
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
Release to Public
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
Unclassified
21. NO. OF PAGES
265
20. SECURITY CLASS (This page)
Unclassified
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
256a
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