United States Industrial Environmental Research EPA-600/7-79-231b
Environmental Protection Laboratory October 1979
Agency Research Triangle Park NC 27711
Environmental Standards
for Coal Conversion
Processes. Volume II.
Selected State, Mexican,
and Canadian Regulations
Interagency
Energy/Environment
R&D Program Report
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RESEARCH REPORTING SERIES
Research reports of the Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, have been grouped into nine series. These nine broad cate-
gories were established to facilitate further development and application of en-
vironmental technology. Elimination of traditional grouping was consciously
planned to foster technology transfer and a maximum interface in related fields.
The nine series are:
1. Environmental Health Effects Research
2. Environmental Protection Technology
3. Ecological Research
4. Environmental Monitoring
5. Socioeconomic Environmental Studies
6. Scientific and Technical Assessment Reports (STAR)
7. Interagency Energy-Environment Research and Development
8. "Special" Reports
9. Miscellaneous Reports
This report has been assigned to the INTERAGENCY ENERGY-ENVIRONMENT
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT series. Reports in this series result from the
effort funded under the 17-agency Federal Energy/Environment Research and
Development Program. These studies relate to EPA's mission to protect the public
health and welfare from adverse effects of pollutants associated with energy sys-
tems. The goal of the Program is to assure the rapid development of domestic
energy supplies in an environmentally-compatible manner by providing the nec-
essary environmental data and control technology. Investigations include analy-
ses of the transport of energy-related pollutants and their health and ecological
effects; assessments of, and development of, control technologies for energy
systems; and integrated assessments of a wide range of energy-related environ-
mental issues.
EPA REVIEW NOTICE
This report has been reviewed by the participating Federal Agencies, and approved
for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect
the views and policies of the Government, nor does mention of trade names or
commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use.
This document is available to the public through the National Technical Informa-
tion Service, Springfield, Virginia 22161.
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EPA-600/7-79-231b
October 1979
Environmental Standards for Coal
Conversion Processes. Volume II. Selected
State, Mexican, and Canadian Regulations
by
O.K. Webber and D.E. Whittaker
Pullman Kellogg
16200 Park Row, Industrial Park Ten
Houston, Texas 77084
Contract No. 68-02-2198
Program Element No. EHE623A
EPA Project Officer: Robert A McAllister
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
Office of Environmental Engineering and Technology
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
Prepared for
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Office of Research and Development
Washington, DC 20460
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Foreword
The intent of this report is to provide those working in the
engineer!no areas of multimedia environmental control an awareness
of the types and breadth of regulations and criteria that have been
and will be implemented. The information contains an engineering
interpretation of some of the more stringent standards in the U. S.,
Canada, and Mexico. This is intended to aid process designers in
their efforts to design environmentally improved facilities. The
information is not intended to be a definitive summary or an exhaus-
tive listing. Nor, is the report able to reflect accurately the
current status of regulations because of on-going additions or
changes.
The reader must constantly be aware that this text will have
the above limitations, and due to summarization may not always re-
flect the true intent of specific regulations.
Regulations and legal notices by the U.S. Federal Agencies
are published by the Office of Federal Registar, National Archives
and Record Service, General Service Administration, Washington, D.C.
20408. The Federal Register's publication should be referred to
for the official full text document. For the State and non-U.S.
standards the appropriate official full text documentation should
also be consulted.
ii
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
(Volume I Table of Contents starts on page v)
Page
Foreword ii
Abstract viii
New Mexico Standards for: Water 257
Air 261
Solid Wastes 273
North Dakota Standards for: Water 274
Air 280
Solid Wastes 293
Ohio Standards for: Water 302
Air 307
Solid Wastes 320
Oklahoma Standards for: Water 321
Air 329
Solid Wastes 342
Pennsylvania Standards for: Water 345
Air 352
Solid Wastes 360
Tennessee Standards for: Water 366
Air 373
Solid Wastes 381
Texas Standards for: Water 384
Air 390
Solid Wastes 406
Utah Standards for: Water 408
Air 411
Solid Wastes 415
iii
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont.)
Page
Virginia Standards for: Water 417
Air 421
Solid Wastes 426
Washington Standards for: Water 428
Air 436
Solid Wastes 441
West Virginia Standards for: Water 444
Air 449
Solid Wastes 459
Wyoming Standards for: Water 461
Air 465
Solid Wastes 472
XVI. Standards for the Delaware
River Basin: Water 474
XVII. Standards for Mexico: Water 487
Air 496
XVIII. Standards for the Dominion
of Canada: Water 499
Air 522
Solid Wastes 529
XIX. Standards for Selected Canadian Provinces
Alberta Standards for: Water 545
Air 547
Solid Wastes 552
British Columbia Standards
for: Water 562
Air 574
Solid Wastes 584
XX. International Joint Commission: 592
Great Lakes Water Quality Standards
iv
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Volume I. Most Stringent, Federal, and Selected
"State Regulations
Foreword ii
Abstract viii
I. Introduction 1
II. Objectives of the Survey 1
III. Basis for Jurisdictional Selection 2
IV. Jurisdictional Selection 4
V. Method of Information Acquisition 5
VI. Specific Environmental Areas Covered. 7
Comments
VII. Summary of Most Stringent Water Quality 11
Standards
VIII. Summary of Most Stringent Air Quality 18
Standards
IX. Environmental Protection Agency - Effluent 59
Guidelines and Standards
Coal Mining Point Source Category - 59
Present Rules
Coal Mining Point Source Category - 60
Proposed Rules
Petroleum Refining Point Source Category 62
Secondary Treatment Information 62
Safe Drinking Water Act 63
Pre-Treatment Standards 65
National Pollutant Discharge Elimination 65
Systems Permit
Proposed EPA Regulations on 66
Hazardous Substances
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont.)
Volume I (Cont.) Page
Guidelines for the Land Disposal of 67
Solid Wastes
Solid Waste Disposal Act as Amended 69
X. National Interim Primary Drinking 70
Water Regulations
XI. U. S. Public Health Service Drinking 73
Water Standards. 1962
XII. Federal Emission Standards - Standards 75
of Performance for Stationary Sources
Coal Preparation Plants 75
Fossil-Fuel Fired Steam Generators 75
Incinerators 77
Storage Vessels for Petroleum Liquids 78
Petroleum Refineries 79
Stationary Gas Turbines 81
XIII. National Emission Standards for 84
Hazardous Air Pollutants
XIV. National Ambient Air Quality Standards 86
State Ambient Air Standards Closely 87
Paralleling National Standards
State Ambient Air Standards Differing from 92
National Standards
XV. Standards of Selected States 100
Alabama Standards for: Water 100
Air 104
Solid Wastes 118
Alaska Standards for: Water 120
Air 124
Solid Wastes 127
VI
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont.)
Volume I (Cont.)
Colorado Standards for:
Idaho Standards for:
Illinois Standards for:
Indiana Standards for:
Kansas Standards for:
Kentucky Standards for:
Missouri Standards for:
Montana Standards for:
Page
Water 129
Air 131
Solid Wastes 149
Water 151
Air 155
Solid Wastes 161
Water 163
Air 170
Solid Wastes 180
Water 182
Air 185
Solid Wastes 199
Water 201
Air 205
«
Solid Wastes 212
Water 215
Air 218
Solid Wastes 227
Water 230
Air 234
Solid Wastes 242
Water 244
Air 247
Solid Wastes 254
vii
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ABSTRACT
Existing and proposed environmental standards have been gathered
and synopsized to serve as a guide for evaluation of the effi-
ciency of available and developing technology for control of
liquid effluents, gaseous emissions and solid wastes from coal
conversion processes. Within the United States, the Federal and
EPA standards and guidelines for air, water and solid wastes were
gathered, together with the standards for 22 states selected for
their potential in installation of coal conversion facilities and
the standards for two regional commissions. With a view toward
the possibility of environmental effects crossing national bor-
ders, the standards and guidelines for Mexico, the Dominion of
Canada, two Canadian provinces and the International Joint
Commission of U.S. and Canada, were synopsized and added to the
U.S. standards.
All of the standards and guidelines were compared and from them a
summary of the most stringent of the standards was developed.
This summarization, reduced as far as possible to engineering
terms, can serve as a guide in the design of coal conversion
plants on the premise that if the effluents, emissions and wastes
from the conversion process steps are so treated that the final
releases to the environment meet the criteria in the summary of
most stringent standards, then the conversion plants can be built
anywhere in the U.S., Mexico or Canada.
viii
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NEW MEXICO WATER QUALITY
Basis: New Mexico Water Quality Standards (August 1973)
Agency: New Mexico Water Quality Control Commission
Note: 1. The following water quality criteria repre-
sents the most stringent provisions as speci-
fied for the water use classification. By
restricting effluent emissions such that they
will not cause the receiving water to exceed
the standards shown should satisfy any of the
water quality standards.
2. New Mexico establishes primary effluent limita-
tion restrictions by the use of permits to dis-
charge where the effluent criteria are specified
as a condition of the permit. The effluent
limitations shown in II below do not apply to
any discharge which is subject to a permit
under the National Pollutant Discharge
Elimination System.
3. The following general standards which are appli-
cable to all state waters and provide no definite
design criteria other than what is recognized and
necessary to avoid the conditions prohibition by
the general standards.
I. GENERAL STANDARDS APPLICABLE TO ALL WATERS OF THE STATE
A. The receiving water shall be free of:
1. Contaminants that will settle and adversely alter
the physical and chemical properties of the bottom.
2. Objectionable oils, scum, grease and other floating
material resulting from other than natural causes.
3- Color producing materials, other than natural causes,
which would create an esthetically undesirable
condition.
B. Water contaminants from other than natural causes shall
be limited to concentrations that will not result in
offensive odor or impart an undesirable flavor to fish.
C. Toxic and Hazardous Substances
1. Toxic substances such as, but not limited, to heavy
metals and organics shall not be present to an extent
detrimental to human or other organisms.
257
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NEW MEXICO WATER QUALITY
I. GENERAL STANDARDS APPLICABLE TO ALL WATERS OF THE STATE
(CONTD. )
2. Waters used for drinking water supplies shall be
protected from hazardous substances in amounts
which exceed the U. S. Public Health Service
Drinking Water Standards.
D. Temperature
1. The introduction of heat by other than natural
causes shall not increase the temperature by
more than 5°F (2.7°C) in a stream, or more than
3°F (1.7°C) in a lake or reservoir.
E. Turbidity
1. Turbidity attributable to other than natural
causes shall not reduce light transmission to
the point that desirable aquatic life is
inhibited.
F. Dissolved Gases
1. Surface waters shall be free of nitrogen and
other dissolved gases at levels above 110$
saturation when this is attributable to
industrial or other discharges.
G. Radioactivity
1. The radioactivity of surface waters shall be
maintained at the lowest practical level and
shall in no case exceed the standards set forth
in the New Mexico Environmental Improvement Board
Radiation Protection Regulations, adopted June
16, 1973.
II. EFFLUENT LIMITATION
Note: As indicated in note 2 above these requirements
shall not apply to any discharge which is sub-
ject to a Nation Pollutant Discharge Elimination
System (NPDES) permit.
A. General Requirements:
Substance Limitations
1. BOD (Bio-Chemical Oxygen Demand) <30 mg/1
2. COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) j<125 mg/1
3. Settleable Solids _<0.5 mg/1
258
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NEW MEXICO WATER QUALITY
II. EFFLUENT LIMITATION (CONTD.)
Substance Limitations
4. Fecal Coliform Bacteria 500/100 ml
5. pH (range)* 6.6 - 8.6
*The Director of the Environmental Improvement
Agency may eliminate the pH requirement for any
effluent source which is determined to not
unreasonably degrade the water into which the
effluent is discharged.
B. Sampling
Samples shall be examined in accordance with the
most current edition of Standard Methods for the
Examination of Water and Wastewater published by the
American Public Health Association or the most
current edition of Methods for Chemical Analysis of
Water and Waste published by the Environmental
Protection Agency, where applicable.
III. REGULATION FOR DISCHARGES ONTO OR BELOW THE SURFACE OF
THE GROUND
A. Ground Water Standards for Groundwater of 10,000
mg/1 TDS Concentration or Less.
Substance Limitation (maximum)
Arsenic (As) 0.05 mg/1
Barium (Ba) 1.0 mg/1
Cadmium (Cd) 0.01 mg/1
Chromium (Cr) 0.05 mg/1
Cyanide (CN ) 0.20 mg/1
Flouride (F ) 1.70 mg/1
Lead (Pb) 0.05 mg/1
Total Mercury (Ag) 0.002 mg/1
Nitrate (N03 as N) 10.00 mg/1
Phenols 0.005 mg/1
Selenium (Se) 0.01 mg/1
Silver (Ag) 0.05 mg/1
Sulfate (SOi,) 600.0 mg/1
Uranium (U) 5.0 mg/1
Organic Chemicals (carbon
Chloroform Extract Method) 0.7 mg/1
Chloride (Cl) 250.0 mg/1
Copper (Cu) 1.0 mg/1
Iron (Fe) 0.30 mg/1
259
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NEW MEXICO WATER QUALITY
III. REGULATION FOR DISCHARGES ONTO OR BELOW THE SURFACE
OF THE GROUND (CONTD.)
Substance Limitation (maximum)
Manganese (Mu) 0.20 mg/1
Total Dissolved Solids 1000.0 mg/1
(TDS)
Zinc (Zn) 5.0 mg/1
pH 6-9
Notes: 1. If the existing concentration of any
water contaminant in ground water is in
conformance with the standards above;
degradation of the ground water up to
the limit of the standard will be
allowed.
B. Discharge Plan Required
1. Effluent discharge plan roust be approved by the
Director and discharges must be consistant with
the terms and conditions of the plan. This is
applicable to effluent or leachate discharged
onto or below the surface of the ground.
2. Exemptions
a. Effluent or leachate which conforms to all
above listed numercial standards and has a
total nitrogen concentration of 10 mg/1 or
less.
b. Effluent which is discharged to a water-
course which is naturally perennial.
c. Leachate from solids disposed of in
accordance with the Solid Waste Management
Regulations adopted by the New Mexico
Environmental Improvement Board.
260
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NEW MEXICO: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
Agency: Environmental Improvement Agency
I. General Provisions
A. Definitions
1. "Fugitive dust" means solid airborne particulate matter
emitted as a result of the processing operation from any
source, including waste piles, other than a flue.
2. "Gasification plant" means a plant that manufactures
synthetic gas and includes: all process gas streams and
products produced in the gasification process; all
operations associated with treatment of gasification
products; ash removal equipment; regeneration of any
absorbent or oxidizing agents (and any off gases so
produced) used in the treatment or removal of products
produced in the gasification process; catalyst regenera-
tion; storage facilities for liquids, solids and gases;
and pretreatment of coal. Gasification plant does not
include the coal preparation plant, the sizing and
briqueting of coal or any process gas streams after the
streams enter a boiler and undergo combustion.
3. "Particulate matter" means any airborne material except
uncombined water which is often, but not always, sus-
pended in air or other gases at atmospheric temperature
and pressure.
4. "Petroleum processing facility" means any petroleum
refinery or natural gas processing plant. It does not
include tank batteries, separators, heater-treaters or
field compressors.
5. "Petroleum refinery" means a petroleum refinery or part
thereof, and includes all vessels, boilers, heaters,
condensers, cracking units, sweetening units, regenera-
ting units, sour water strippers, wastewater separators,
storage and loading facilities, sulfur recovery faci-
lities, flares and other facilities inter-connected in
their processing operations and used in the processing
of crude oil, condensate, pentanes, butanes or similar
substances for the purpose of producing gasoline, fuel
oil, jet fuel, diesel, asphalt or similar substances.
Petroleum refinery does not include natural gas pro-
cessing plants.
6. "Sulfur" means elemental sulfur and the sulfur component
of any mixture or compound.
261
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NEW MEXICO: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
II. Standards for Visible Emissions
A. Maximum Emission
It shall be prohibited to cause or allow emissions of any
smoke with a density or sfcade greater than #1 on the
Ringelmann scale for periods aggregating more than one
minute in any consecutive thirty minute period.
III. Emission Standards for Particulate Matter
A. Coal Burning Equipment
1. Affected facilities: Coal burning equipment having a
power generating capacity in excess of 25 megawatts or a
heat input (higher heating value) of greater than 250 MM
Btu/hr.
2. Maximum emission
a) .05 Ib/MM Btu heat input (higher heating value)
b) .02 Ib/MM Btu heat input (higher heating value) -
maximum for fine particulate matter of less than two
microns equivalent aerodynamic diameter.
3. Emission limitations for facilities smaller than the
criteria for power generation or heat input capacity as
listed in A.1. shall be determined by use of the
following:
E = 0.961351- 0.23471
where: E = maximum particulate emissions in Ib/MM
Btu heat input; and
I = total heat input in MM Btu/hr
B. Oil Burning Equipment
1. Affected facilities: Oil burning equipment having a
heat input of greater than 1 MM MM Btu/yr (per unit).
2. Maximum emissions
.005 Ib/MM Btu heat input
C. Petroleum Processing Facilities
1. Maximum emissions
a) 0.5 gr/dscf exit gas - exclusive of emissions from
262
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NEW MEXICO: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
III. Emission Standards for Particulate Matter (Contd.)
catalyst cracking recirculation and regeneration
units and tube carbon removal.
b) from catalyst cracking regeneration unit: .02 gr/dscf
exit gas plus 0.10 Ib/MM Btu of heat input from the
auxiliary solid or liquid fuel burned in the
incinerator-waste heat boiler.
D. Gasification Plants
1. Maximum emissions - general
.03 gr/scf exit gas
2. Maximum emissions - gas burning boilers in conjunction
with gasification plants
.03 Ib/MM Btu heat input to boilers (lower heating
value)
3. Maximum emissions - boilers operated in conjunction with
gasification plants and firing more than one fuel
a) If more than one fuel is fired simultaneously in a
boiler, the boiler shall be considered as two or more
units, each firing the equivalent amount of fuel with
the appropriate heat content separately but having a
common stack for determination of allowable emis-
sions. Allowable emissions shall be calculated
according to the following formula:
ET = EoQo + EcQc * EgQg
where E-p is the total allowed emission in pounds
per given period of time;
E0 is the allowed emission from oil in Ib/MM
Btu's;
Ec is the allowed emission from coal in Ib/MM
Btu's;
Eg is the allowed emission from gas in Ib/MM
Btu's;
Qo is the heat released by the oil based on the
higher heating value in Btu's per period of
time;
263
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NEW MEXICO: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
III. Emission Standards for Particulate Matter (Contd.)
Qc is the heat released by the coal based on
the higher heating value in Btu's per period
of time;
Qg is the heat released by the gas based on the
lower heating value in Btu's per period of
time.
b) In addition to the limitations in 3.a), the total
allowable emissions of particulates two microns
equivalent aerodynamic diameter or less shall be
calculated according to:
Ef = 0.40 Ec (Q0 + Qc + Qg)
where Ef is the total allowed emission of fine
particulates in pounds per given period of time, and
all other terms remain as defined above.
4. All emissions to the atmosphere shall be through stacks
at least ten diameters in length and equipped with
adequate platforms and sampling parts for accurate
sampling.
5. Fugitive Dust. It shall be prohibited to cause or
allow any material to be handled, transported, stored
or disposed of or a building or road to be used,
constructed, altered or demolished without taking
reasonable precautions to prevent particulate matter
from becoming airborne.
6. Maximum emissions - Coal briquet forming facilities
a) .03 gr/scf exit gas
b) all particulate matter emissions shall be limited to
stack outlets within technical feasibility.
E. Coal Mining and Preparation Plants
1. All persons operating coal preparation plants shall
equip all crushers, conveyors, screens, cleaners,
hoppers, and chutes which are designed for the
continuous transportation or preparation of coal at the
coal preparation plant with hoods, shields or sprays
where reasonably necessary to prevent particulate
matter from becoming airborne.
2. All persons operating a coal mine shall cause main coal
haulage roads to be sprayed or to be otherwise treated
where reasonably necessary to prevent particulate
matter from becoming airborne.
264
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NEW MEXICO; STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
IV. Emission Standards for Sulfur Compounds
A. SC>2 Standards for Coal Burning Equipment.
1. Affected facilities: Installations having a power
generating capacity in excess of 25 megawatts or a heat
input of greater than 250 MM Btu/hr.
2. Maximum S0g_emission
TPlb/MM Btu of heat input
B. S02 Standards for Oil Burning Equipment
1. Affected facilities: Equipment units having a heat
input of greater than 1,000,000 MM Btu/yr.
2. Maximum SO? emission
Tplb/MM Etu of heat input
C. Petroleum Refineries, Petroleum Processing Facilities,
Sulfur Recovery Plants (in conjunction with petroleum
processing facilities)
1. Emission standards for sulfur from petroleum refineries
a) Definitions
i) "Plant processes" includes, but is not limited
to, hydrogenation sweetening units, hydro-
cracking units, fuel burning equipment includ-
ing flares and incinerators, sweetening system
regeneration units, sour water strippers, and
similar sulfur releasing systems. "Plant pro-
cesses" does not include catalyst cracking re-
generation units other than hydrocracking units
boilers, or process heaters if the emissions
from these processes when totaled contain less
than 2.5 tons of sulfur per day.
b) Maximum emissions - plant processes
i) refineries releasing S
in plant processes at an
avg. rate >5T<30T/day: 10 lb/100 Ib S release
in plant processes
ii) refineries releasing S
in plant processes at an
avg. rate >_30T/day: 2 lb/100 Ib S released
in plant processes
c) Maximum emissions - fuel-gas burning equipment
1. Ib. of S in exit gases from this equipment
shall not exceed the quantity that would exist
if S content of fuel gas used was 10gr/100 SCF.
265
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NEW MEXICO; STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
IV. Emission Standards for Sulfur Compounds (Contd.)
2. Standards for ^S from petroleum processing
facilities or sulfur recovery plants (in conjunction
with petroleum processing facilities). Either:
a) Stack emissions shall not be allowed to exceed
lOppm (by vol.) in effluent gas streams; or
b) The effluent gas stream containing ^S shall be
passed through suitable equipment to oxidize the
HgS to S02- An alarm system shall be in-
stalled and maintained at the flare to signal when
the lOppm limitation is being exceeded (non-com-
bustion of the gas).
3. Standards for mercaptans from petroleum processing
facilities:
a) Mercaptan emissions to the atmosphere shall be
controlled so that either:
i) total mercaptan emissions do not exceed 0.25
Ib/hr; or
ii) the gas stream containing mercaptans is passed
through a combustion device (including steam
condenser if necessary for combustion) which
will achieve complete combustion or any other
device at least as efficient in preventing
mercaptan emissions.
D. Sulfur Recovery Plants - General and those in conjunction
with petroleum processing facilities.
1. Affected facilities. This subsection D. shall not
apply to a sulfur recovery plant for which a sulfur
emission standard is established by any other New
Mexico Air Quality Control Regulation herein.
Standards for I^S are not standards established for
sulfur for purposes of this subsection. (See IV. C. 2.
above for I^S standards for sulfur recovery plants
in conjunction with petroleum processing facilities.)
2. Maximum S emissions
Plants introducing:
<20T/day of S
into plant: 10 lbs/100 Ibs of S
introduced into plant
>_20T/day of S
into plant: 2 lbs/100 Ibs of S
introduced into plant
266
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NEW MEXICO: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
IV. Emission Standards for Sulfur Compounds (Contd.)
E. Gasification Plants
1. Definitions.
a) "Feed" as used in this subsection means those
materials which enter directly into the manufacture
of synthetic natural gas, and includes, but is not
limited to, coal, tars, oils and naptha.
2. Maximum S0?_emissions - gas-burning boilers
0.16-lb/MM Btu heat input(lower heating
value) to all boilers
3. Maximum Sulfur emissions
.008 Ib/MM Btu heat input (higher heating value)
in feed introduced to plant
4. Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) - Carbon Bisulfide - Carbon
Oxysulfide; Maximum emissions
a) lOOppm (by vol.) in effluent gas, any combination
of H2S, carbon disulfide, and carbon oxysulfide.
b) lOppm (by vol.) - maximum I^S component in
combined effluent gas.
V. Standards for Organics/Hydrocarbons
A. Petroleum Processing Facilities
1. Hydrocarbon separation policies
a) No person owning or operating a petroleum processing
facility that produces waste liquor containing 600
gallons a day or more of hydrocarbons or processes
ten thousand barrels/stream day or more of crude oil
or condensate feedstock, shall cause or allow dis-
charge of any waste'liquor containing hydrocarbons
without first having treated the liquor in:
i) a hydrocarbon separation facility equipped
with a complete roof cover enclosing the
liquid contents; or
ii) any other device which is at least as
efficient to prevent hydrocarbon discharge to
the atmosphere.
2. Organic Compounds - Storage, Handling, Pumping, and
Blowdown Systems.
No person owning or operating a petroleum processing
facility shall:
267
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NEW MEXICO; STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
V. Standards for Organics/Hydrocarbons (Contd.)
a) Place, store or hold in a stationary tank or other
container having a storage capacity equal to or
greater than 65,000 gallons:
i) any organic compound having a true vapor
pressure greater than 11.0 psia under maximum
actual storage pressure conditions, unless the
tank or other container is:
(1) a pressure vessel capable of maintaining
working pressures sufficient at all times
to minimize vapor or gas loss to the
atmosphere; or
(2) equipped with any other system which is
at least as efficient at all times to
minimize vapor or gas loss to the
atmosphere;
ii) any organic compound having a true vapor
pressure of 1.5 through 11.0 psia under
maximum actual storage pressure conditions,
unless the tank or other container is
designed, equipped and maintained with:
(1) a floating roof, consisting of an
external floating roof, internal floating
cover, or covered floating roof, which is
equipped with a closure seal or seals
maintained in good repair to close the
space between the roof or cover edge and
tank wall; or
(2) vapor recovery system consisting of a
vapor-gathering system capable of
collecting organic compound vapors and
gases discharged and a vapor disposal
system capable of processing the organic
vapor and gases so as to minimize their
emissions to the atmosphere; or
(3) any other device at least as efficient at
all times to minimize vapor or gas loss
to the atmosphere;
iii) any organic compound having a true vapor
pressure of 1.5 psia or greater under maximum
actual storage pressure conditions without the
tank container being equipped with gauging and
sampling devices which are gas tight except
when gauging or sampling is taking place; or
iv) any organic liquid having a true vapor
pressure less than 1.5 psia under maximum
actual storage pressure conditions without the
tank or other container being equipped with a
conservation vent or other device which is at
least as efficient to minimize vapor or gas
loss to the atmosphere.
268
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NEW MEXICO; STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
V. Standards for Organics/Hydrocarbons (Contd.)
b. Cause or allow the loading or unloading into any
tank, truck, trailer or tank car any organic
compound having a Reid vapor pressure of 1.5 or
greater unless:
i) the loading facility is equipped with:
(1) a loading arm having a vapor collection
adapter that forces a vapor tight seal
between the adapter and the hatch and
having a means of collecting the vented
vapors to minimize their emission to the
atmosphere that is maintained in good
repair; or
(2) any other device which is at least as
efficient to prevent vapor or gas loss to
the atmosphere; and
ii) a means is provided to prevent liquid organic
compound drainage from the loading device when
it is removed from the hatch of any tank,
truck, trailer or tank car or to accomplish
complete drainage before its removal.
c. Cause or allow the use of a rotating pump or
compressor which handles any organic compound
having a Reid vapor pressure of 1.5 psia or
greater unless the pump or compressor is equipped
with mechanical seals or other devices of equal or
greater efficiency to prevent liquid or vapor
losses.
d. Cause or allow the operation of a blowdown system
without disposing of the gases in a manner which
will minimize hydrocarbon emission to the atmo-
sphere. If combustion is the means of disposal, it
shall be by:
i) smokeless flare; or
ii) any other method that is equally effective to
achieve complete combustion.
B. Standards for Hydrocarbon Storage Facilities
1. No person shall place, hold or store hydrocarbons
containing hydrogen sulfide in a container associated
with petroleum processing facility and having a capa-
city of twenty-thousand gallons or greater with a
throughput of at least 30|000 gallons per week unless
the container is equipped with:
a) a method of discharging the hydrocarbons into the
container below the liquid level; or
b) any other method or device equally effective to
minimize hydrocarbon and hydrogen sulfide loss to
the atmosphere.
C. Standards for Gasification Plants - Storage, Handling,
Pumping, Safety Relief Valves, and Blowdown Systems
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NEW MEXICO: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
V. Standards for Organics/Hydrocarbons (Contd.)
No person owning or operating a gasification plant shall:
1. Place, store or hold in any stationary tank or
container (except waste water treatment basins, ponds
clarifiers, and settlers) any phenols or any organic
compound having a Reid vapor pressure of 1.5 psia or
greater, unless the tank or other container is
designed, equipped and maintained with:
a) a floating roof, consisting of a pontoon-type,
double-deck roof or internal floating cover which
rests on the surface of the liquid contents and is
equipped with a closure seal or seals to close the
space between the roof or cover edge and tank wall;
b) a vapor recovery system consisting of:
i) a vapor gathering system capable of collecting
the organic compound vapors and gases dis-
charged; and
ii) a vapor disposal system capable of processing
the organic vapor and gases so as to prevent
their emission to the atmosphere; or
c) any other device which is at least as efficient to
prevent vapor or gas loss to the atmosphere.
2. Place, store or hold in any stationary tank or con-
tainer (except waste water treatment basins, ponds,
clarifiers, and settlers) any phenols or any organic
compound having a Reid vapor pressure of 1.5 psia or
greater without the tank or other container gauging and
sampling devices being gas tight, except when gauging
or sampling is taking place;
3. Load or unload into any tank, truck or trailer any
phenols or any organic compound having a Reid vapor
pressure of 1.5 psia or greater unless:
a) the loading facility is equipped with:
i) a loading arm having a vapor collection
adapter to force a vapor tight seal between
the adapter and the hatch and having a means
of collecting the vented vapors and preventing
their emission to the atmosphere; or
ii) any other device which is at least as
efficient to prevent vapor or gas loss to the
atmosphere; and
b) a means is provided to prevent liquid organic
compound drainage from the loading device when it
is removed from the hatch of any tank, truck, or
trailer or to accomplish complete drainage before
its removal.
4. Use a pump or compressor which handles any phenols or
any organic compound having a Reid vapor pressure of
1.5 psia or greater, unless the pump or compressor is
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NEW MEXICO: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
V. Standards for Organics/Hydrocarbons (Contd.)
equipped with mechanical seals or other devices of equal
or greater efficiency to prevent liquid or vapor
losses;
5. Install safety relief valves, except valves installed
on gas streams containing steam, product gas, nitrogen
or oxygen unless they are connected to a blowdown
system; and
6. Operate a blowdown system without disposing of the
gases in a manner which will prevent hydrocarbon
emissions to the atmosphere. If combustion is the
means of disposal, it shall be by smokeless flare or
similar means to achieve complete combustion.
VI. Emission Standards for Nitrogen Dioxide (N02)
A. Coal Burning Equipment
1. Affected facilities: Coal burning equipment having a
power generating capacity in excess of 25 megawatts or
a heat input greater than 250 MM Btu/hr.
2. Maximum emission
.45 Ib/MM Btu heat input
B. Oil Burning Equipment
1. Affected facilities: Oil burning equipment having a
heat input greater than 1,000,000 MM Btu/yr per unit.
2. Maximum Emission
0.3 Ib/MM Btu heat input
C. Gas Burning Equipment
1. Affected facilities: Gas burning equipment having a
heat input of greater than 1,000,000 MM Btu/yr per unit.
2. Maximum Emission
0.2 Ib/MM Btu heat input
VII. Emission Standards for Carbon Monoxide
A. Petroleum Processing Facilities
1. Maximum Emission
500 ppm (by vol.) CO in undiluted effluent gas
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NEW MEXICO; STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
VIII. Emission Standards for Hydrogen Cyanide (HCN)
A. Gasification Plants
1. Maximum Emission
10 ppm (by vol.) HCN in effluent gas
IX. Emission Standards for Ammonia (NHij)
A. Petroleum Processing Facilities
1. Maximum Emission
25 ppm (by vol.) NHjj in undiluted effluent
gas
B. Gasification Plants
1. No person owning or operating a gasification plant
shall place, store or hold in any stationary tank or
other container any ammonia unless the tank or other
container is:
a) a pressure tank capable of maintaining working
pressures sufficient to prevent loss of ammonia to
the atmosphere; or
b) equipped with other equally effective control
equipment to prevent loss of ammonia to the
atmosphere.
2. Maximum Emission
25 ppm (by vol.) NH4 in effluent gas
X. Emission Standards for Hydrogen Chloride/Hydrochloric Acid
A. Gasification Plants
1. Maximum Emission
5 ppm(by vol.), any combination of hydrogen
chloride and hydrochloric acid
in effluent gas
272
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NEW MEXICO SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT REGULATIONS
Basis: Solid Waste Management Regulations (April 1974)
Agency: New Mexico Environmental Improvement Agency
Note: (1) A property holder may dispose of solid waste
generated on his own property so long as he
does not create a nuisance, health hazard or
pollute any body of water.
The New Mexico solid waste regulations are primarily applicable to
municipalities and cooperative associations (refuse disposal
districts), and establishes criteria for the storage, collection,
transportation and disposal of solid waste as well as the
registration of such a disposal system prior to its creation.
273
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NORTH DAKOTA WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
Basis: Regulation 61-28-02, April 19, 1977
Agency: Issued by the North Dakota State Department of
Health; Approved by North Dakota State Water
Commission
Notes: 1. These standards are used as the basis for the
issuance Cor reissuance) of permits for both the
construction and operation of industrial
facilities including those facilities being
developed in the coal mining area of the State.
2. Waters whose existing quality is higher than the
established standards will be maintained at the
higher quality unless it can be demonstrated '
that a change in quality is justified.
3. Exceptions to the water quality standards will
be granted on a case-by-case basis only.
4. Any industrial development which will constitute
a new or increased source of pollution to high
quality waters will be required to provide the
best practicable degree of treatment available
under existing technology as designated under
the North Dakota Pollutant Discharge Elimination
System.
5. Variances are available from the Department for
exceptional circumstances and under such
conditions and time limitations as the
Department may prescribe.
6. The radiological criteria are not included.
I. GENERAL PROVISIONS AND CRITERIA
A. The following are general requirements for all waste
discharges:
1. No untreated industrial waste which contains
substances which may endanger water usage shall be
discharged into the waters of North Dakota.
2. No untreated domestic sewage shall be discharged
into the surface water.
3. Wastes shall be effectively disinfected before
discharge into State waters if such discharge
would cause a violation of the fecal coliform
standards herein.
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NORTH DAKOTA WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
I. GENERAL PROVISIONS AND CRITERIA (CONT)
4. A higher degree of treatment may be required if
such discharges, made during low stream flows,
cause violations of stream water quality
standards or have a detrimental effect on the
beneficial uses of the receiving waters.
5. Industrial waste effluents shall meet all
parameters of quality as set forth under the North
Dakota Pollutant Discharge Elimination System and
shall not violate North Dakota Water Quality
Standards.
B. The following minimum conditions are applicable to all
receiving waters in North Dakota at all times.
All waters of the State shall be:
1. Free from substances attributable to municipal,
industrial, or other discharges that will cause
the formation of putrescent or objectionable
sludge deposits.
2. Free from floating debris, oil, scum, and other
floating materials in sufficient amounts to be
unsightly or deleterious.
3. Free from materials producing color, odor, or
other conditions in such a degree so as to create
a nuisance, to produce any undesirable taste to
fish, or so as to make food fish inedible.
4. Free from substances in concentrations or
combinations which are toxic or harmful to human,
animal, plant, or aquatic life.
5. Free from oil or grease residue attributable to
wastewater which causes a visible film or sheen
upon the waters, any discoloration of the surface
or shoreline, or causes a sludge or emulsion to be
deposited beneath the surface of the water or upon
the adjoining shoreline.
6. There shall be no materials such as rubbish, etc.,
or unwanted or discarded materials deposited into
the waters of the State.
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NORTH DAKOTA WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
II. SPECIFIC WATER QUALITY STANDARDS FOR DESIGNATED
CLASSES OF RECEIVING WATERS _
The following standards are the prescribed specific water
quality criteria for the designated classes of waters to
protect the beneficial water uses.
A. Class I Streams
Class I waters shall be such as to permit the
propagation and life maintenance of resident fish and
shall be suitable for boating, swimming and other
water recreation. The quality shall be such that
after treatment consisting of coagulation, settling,
filtration and ehlorination , or equivalent, the
treated water will meet the bacteriological, physical,
and chemical requirements of the State Health
Department (for municipal use).
The requirements of this class shall be as follows:
Substance or Characteristic Limitation
Ammonia (as N) £0.02
Arsenic (Total) £0.05
Barium (Dissolved) £1.00
Boron (Dissolved) £0.50
Cadmium (Total) £0.01
Chlorides (Dissolved) £100.00
Chromium (Total) £0.05
•Copper (Total) £0.005
Cyanides (Total) <.l-°°
•Lead (Dissolved) £0.05
••Nitrates (Dissolved) £1.00
••Phosphates (Dissolved) £0.10
•Zinc (Total) £1.00
Selenium (Total) £0.01
Polychlorinated Biphenyls ( Total) £0.00
Dissolved Oxygen >5.00
pH (range) 7.0-8.5
Temperature 85 °F; maximum in
crease shall not
be greater than
5°F above normal
background condi
tions.
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NORTH DAKOTA WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
II. SPECIFIC WATER QUALITY STANDARDS FOR DESIGNATED
CLASSES OF RECEIVING WATERS (CONT)
Fecal Coliform <200/100 ml
Tgeometric mean)
based on not less
than 5 samples
obtained during
separate 2^-hour
periods for any
30-day period -
nor shall 10
percent of samples
exceed 400/100 ml.
Sodium <50 percent of
total cations (as
mEq/1)
Phenols _<0.01
Sulfates (Dissolved) jC250.00
Total Chlorine Residual jCO.Ol
Mercury (Total) _<0.002
*More restrictive criteria than specified may be necessary
to protect fish and aquatic life.
**The standards for nitrates and phosphates are intended as
guidelines. However, in no case shall the concentration
of nitrates exceed 10 mg/1 in any waters used to supply
municipal or domestic drinking water.
B. Class 1A Streams
The quality and standards for this class of waters
shall be the same as that for Class I except treatment
for municipal use may require softening and there are
the following changes to the chemical and physical
criteria:
Substance or Characteristic Limitation (mg/1)
Chlorides (Dissolved) _<175.0
Sodium _<60 percent of
total cations (as
mEq/1)
Sulfates (Dissolved) <*J50.0
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NORTH DAKOTA WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
II. SPECIFIC WATER QUALITY STANDARDS FOR DESIGNATED
CLASSES OF RECEIVING WATERS (CONT)
C. Class II Streams
The quality shall be such that its uses shall be the
same as those in Class I, except that treatment beyond
that set out in Class IA above may be required to meet
the drinking water requirements of the State. The
physical and chemical criteria shall be the same as
for Class IA with the following exceptions:
Substance or Characteristic Limitation (mg/l)
Chlorides (Dissolved) £250.0
•Copper (Total) £0.1
••Nitrates (as N) £1.5
••Phosphates (Dissolved) £0.2
Zinc (Total) £2.0
pH (range) 6.0-9.0
•See note (*) in II.A. above
••See note (»») in II.A. above
D. Class III Streams
The quality for this class of waters shall be suitable
for INDUSTRIAL uses. These streams all have low
average flows and generally prolonged periods of no
flow. The physical and chemical criteria shall be
those for Class II with the following exceptions:
Substance or Characteristic Limitation (mg/l)
•Ammonia (as N) £0.10
•Arsenic (Total) £0.10
Boron (Dissolved) £0.75
Cyanides (Total) £0.10
Lead (Dissolved) £0.10
Sulfate (Dissolved) £750.0
•More restrictive criteria may be necessary to protect
fish and aquatic life.
III. MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS
A. Mixing Zones
The following considerations are to be taken into
account when mixing zones are determined:
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NORTH DAKOTA WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
III. MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS (CONTD)
1. The Water Quality Standards must be met at every
point outside the mixing zone.
2. The total mixing zone at any cross-sectional area
of the stream should not be larger than 25 percent
of that cross-sectional area (or volume of flow)
and shall not extend to more than 50 percent of
the width of the stream.
3- The 96-hour TLm for indigenous and/or resident
fish shall not be exceeded at any point in the
mixing zone.
4. Mixing zones shall be as small as possible.
B. Sampling and Testing
All methods of sample collection, preservation and
analyses shall be in accordance with the latest
edition of "Standard Methods for the Examination of
Water and Wastewater" published by the American Public
Health Association or procedures found to be equal or
to be more applicable by the Department or the EPA.
C. Streams Not Classified
There are a number of minor or intermittently flowing
watercourses, unnamed creeks, or draws, etc., which
are not specifically listed or covered; all such
waters shall be governed in accordance with the
general conditions listed for Class I streams above.
D. Lake Classification
Generally, the beneficial water uses and parameter
limitations designated for Class I Streams shall apply
to all classified lakes, except for Cold Water Fishery
Lakes, where the total chlorine residue shall not
exceed 0.002 mg/1. All waters not specifically listed
shall be governed in accordance with the general
conditions listed for Class I streams above.
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NORTH DAKOTA; STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
Agency: North Dakota State Department of Health
I. GENERAL PROVISIONS
A. Definitions
1. "Air contaminant" means dust, fumes, mist, smoke,
other particulate matter, vapor, gas, or any
combination thereof, not including water vapor,
water mist, or steam condensate.
2. "Air pollution" means the presence in the outdoor
atmosphere of one or more air contaminants in
such quantities and duration as to threaten or
endanger or as is injurious to human health or
welfare, animal or plant life, or property.
3. "Department" means the North Dakota State
Department of Health.
4. "Fuel burning equipment" means any furnace,
boiler apparatus, stack, or appurtenances thereto
used in the process of burning fuel or other
combustible material for the primary purpose of
producing heat or power by indirect heat
transfer.
5. "Fugitive dust" means solid airborne particulate
matter emitted from any source other than through
a stack or chimney.
6. "Heat input" means the aggregate heat content of
all fuels whose products of combustion pass
through a stack or stacks. The heat input value
to be used shall be the equipment manufacturer's
or designer's guaranteed maximum input, whichever
is greater.
7. "Incinerator" means any article, machine,
equipment, device, contrivance, structure or part
of a structure used for the destruction of
garbage, rubbish, or other wastes by burning or
to process salvageable material by burning.
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NORTH DAKOTA: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
I. GENERAL PROVISIONS (CONTD)
8. "Opacity" means a state which renders material
partially or wholly impervious to rays of light
and causes obstruction of an observer's view.
9. "Particulate matter" means any material, except
water in uncombined form, that is or has been
airborne, and exists as a liquid or a solid at
standard conditons.
10. "Public nuisance" means any condition of the
ambient air beyond the property line of the
offending person which is injurious to health, or
offensive to the senses, or which causes or
constitutes an obstruction to the free use of
property so as to interfere with the comfortable
enjoyment of life or property.
11. "Submerged fill pipe" means any fill pipe the
discharge opening of which is entirely submerged
when the liquid level is six inches above the
bottom of the tank; or, when applied to a tank
which is loaded from the side, shall mean any
fill pipe the discharge opening of which is
entirely submerged when the liquid level is 1.5
times the fill pipe diameter in inches above the
bottom of the tank.
12. "Volatile organic compound" means any compound
containing carbon and hydrogen or containing
carbon and hydrogen in combination with any
other element which has a Modified Reid vapor
pressure of 1.5 pounds per square inch absolute
(77.6 mm Hg.) or greater under actual storage
conditions.
B. General Prohibition. No person shall cause or permit
air pollution or a public nuisance (both as defined
above), or discharges of air contaminants from any
source in such quantities as to cause injury,
detriment, nuisance, or annoyance to any person or to
the public or so as to endanger the comfort, repose,
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NORTH DAKOTA; STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
I. GENERAL PROVISIONS (CONTD.)
health, or safety of any person or the public, or to
cause injury or damage to business or property.
C. Circumvention. The installation or use of any device
or means which, without reducing the total amount of
air contaminant emitted, conceals or dilutes an air
contaminant emission otherwise violating these
regulations is prohibited.
D. Guidelines Relative to Ambient Air Quality Standards.
In keeping with the purpose of the North Dakota
ambient air quality standards, the air quality should
be such that:
1. The health of even sensitive or susceptible
segments of the population will not be adversely
affected;
2. concentrations of pollutants will not cause
public nuisance or annoyance;
3. significant damage to animals, ornamental plants
forest and agricultural crops will not occur; '
4. visibility will not be significantly reduced;
5. metals or other materials will not be
significantly corroded or damaged;
6. fabrics will not be soiled, deteriorated, or
their colors affected; and
7. natural scenery will not be obscured.
E. Degradation of Ambient Air Having a Higher Quality
than Ambient Air Standards.
1. Ambient air whose quality as of the effective
date of these regulations is higher than the
ambient air standards shall be maintained at the
higher quality unless it can be affirmatively
demonstrated to the Department that a change in
quality is justifiable and will not be contrary
to the guidelines of I.D. above.
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NORTH DAKOTA: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
I. GENERAL PROVISIONS (CONTD.)
F. Concentration Standards for Air Contaminants Outside
the Premises of Stationary Sources.
1. No person shall cause or permit the emission of
air contaminants from any premises in such manner
and amounts that the concentrations and
frequencies attributable to such emission exceeds
those shown in the North Dakota ambient air
quality standards at any place beyond the
premises on which the source is located.
2. Nothing in any other part or section of these
regulations shall in any manner be construed as
authorizing or legalizing the emission of air
contaminants in such manner as prohibited in F.I
above.
II. VISIBLE EMISSION STANDARDS
A. General Standard - Any Single Source
1. A maximum of No. 1 on the Ringelmann Chart, or
equivalent Department approved standard.
2. Such opacity as to obscure an observer's view to a
degree not in excess of that described in A.I.
above.
3. Exceptions.
a) A maximum of No. 3 on the Ringelmann Chart, or
equivalent Department approved standard, for
period or periods aggregating not more than 4
minutes in any hour.
b) Where the presence of uncombined water is the
only reason for failure to meet the require-
ments of A.I. above, no violation exists.
III. PARTICULATE EMISSION STANDARDS
A. Standards for Fuel Burning Equipment Used for Indirect
Heating
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NORTH DAKOTA; STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
III. PARTICULATE EMISSION STANDARDS (CONTD.)
1. Maximum emission - Heat inputs of 10,000.000
Btu/hr or less.
0.600 Ibs/hr per million Btu of heat input
2. Maximum emission - Heat inputs in excess of
10.000,000 Btu/hr.
use": E = 0.811 H'0
where: E = maximum partioulates
emission in Ib/hr per
million Btu of heat input;
and
H = heat input in millions of
Btu/hr
3. Determination of total heat input. The total
heat input of all fuel burning units at the
source of emission shall be used in determining
the maximum emissions in A.I. and A. 2. above.
B. Standards for Incinerators
1. Determination of refuse burning rates (charge
capacity). The burning capacity shall be the
manufacturer's or designer's guaranteed maximum
rate or such other rate as may be determined by
the Department in accordance with good
engineering practices.
2. Maximum emission - Refuse burning rates
(capacities) up to 1000 IbThr
use: E = 0.00515 R°'9°
where: E = allowable emission rate in
Ib/hr; and
R = refuse burning rate or
capacity in Ib/hr.
3. Maximum emission - Refuse burning rates
(capacities) in excess of 1000 Ib/hr
use: E = 0.0252 R°-67
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NORTH DAKOTA; STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
III. PARTICIPATE EMISSION STANDARDS (CONTD.)
where: E and R are as in B.2. above.
4. Design standards.
a) Incinerators shall be the multiple chamber
type except that the Department may approve
any other type of incinerator upon a finding
prior to construction or installation that
such other type is equally effective with
respect to air pollution control.
b) Incinerators shall be equipped with auxiliary
fuel burners of such capacity and design as to
assure a temperature in the secondary
combustion chamber of at least 1500°F for not
less than 0.3 sec. retention time.
C. Standards for Industrial Processes
1. Definitions
a) "Process weight" means the total weight of all
materials introduced into any specific process
which may cause emissions. Solid fuels charged
will be considered as part of the process
weight, but liquid and gaseous fuels and com-
bustion air will not.
b) "Process weight rate" means the normal opera-
tion maximum capacity of the equipment as then
installed and will be increased or decreased
in conjunction with equipment or process
changes affecting such capacity.
2. Affected facilities. Subsection C. shall apply
to any operation, process, or activity emitting
particulate matter except for those facilities
covered by subsections III.A. and III.B. above.
3. Maximum emission - Process weight rates up to
60,000 IbThr
use: E = 4.100-6?
where: E = rate of emission in Ib/hr; and
P = process weight rate in tons/hr
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NORTH DAKOTA; STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
in. PARTICULATE EMISSION STANDARDS (CONTD.)
4. Maximum emission - Process weight rates in excess
of 60,000 Ib/hr"'
use: E = 55.0P0-11 - 40
where: E and P are as in C.E. above
5. More Stringent Standards. The Department may
.prescribe standards that are more restrictive and/or
extensive than those provided in C.3. and 4. above if
the particulate matter emitted from a facility is a
radioactive, toxic, or deleterious substance which may
affect human health or well-being or that would cause
significant damage to animal or plant life.
IV. STANDARDS FOR FUGITIVE PARTICULATE MATTER
A. No person shall cause or permit any materials to be
handled, transported, or stored, or a building, its
appurtenances, or a road to be used, constructed,
altered, repaired or demolished without taking
reasonable precautions to prevent particulate matter
from becoming airborne in amounts which cause a public
nuisance or which cause the Ambient Air Quality
Standards to be exceeded. Such reasonable precautions
shall include, but not be limited to, the following:
1. Use, where possible, of water or chemicals for
control of dust in the demolition of existing
buildings or structures, construction operations,
the grading of roads or the clearing of land;
2. Application of asphalt, oil, water, or suitable
chemicals on dirt roads, materials stockpiles, and
other surfaces which can give rise to airborne
dusts;
3. Installation and use of hoods, fans, and fabric
filters to enclose and vent the handling of dusty
materials. Adequate containment methods shall be
employed during sandblasting or other similar
operations;
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NORTH DAKOTA: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
IV. STANDARDS FOR FUGITIVE PARTICULATE MATTER (CONTD.)
4. Covering, at all times when in motion, open bodied
trucks transporting materials likely to give rise
to airborne dusts;
5. The paving of roadways and their maintenance in a
clean condition; and
6. The prompt removal of earth or other material from
paved streets onto which earth or other material
has been transported by trucking or earth moving
equipment, erosion by water, or other means.
B. When particulate matter or fugitive dust escapes from
a building or equipment in such a manner and amount as
to cause a nuisance or violate any regulations, the
Department may order that the building or equipment in
which processing, handling, and storage are done be
tightly closed and ventilated in such a way that all
emissions from the building or equipment are treated
to remove or destroy such particulate matter or
fugitive dust before emission to the ambient air.
V. EMISSION STANDARDS FOR SULFUR COMPOUNDS
A. Standards for Fuel Burning Installations
1. Definitions. A "fuel burning installation" is any
single fuel burning furnace or boiler or other
unit or device in which fuel is burned or any
grouping of two or more such furnaces; boilers, or
other units or devices on the same premises or
otherwise located in close proximity to each other
and under control of the same person.
2. Affected facilities. Any installation in which:
fuel is burned, it is burned primarily to produce
heat, and in which the sulfur dioxide emission is
substantially due to the content of the fuel
burned.
3. Maximum emission - SO?
3.0 Ibs of S02 per million Btu heat input
to the installation.
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NORTH DAKOTA: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
V. EMISSION STANDARDS FOR SULFUR COMPOUNDS (CONTD.)
B. Standards for Industrial Process Sources
1. Affected facilities. All stationary sources other
than those to which the standards of A. above are
applicable.
2. The Department may establish emission limitations
on the amount of sulfur dioxide, sulfur trioxide,
and sulfuric acid which may be emitted from any
affected facility in any area if it is determined
that such source' is causing the applicable Ambient
Air Quality Standards to be exceeded.
VI. EMISSION STANDARDS FOR ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
A. Storage Tanks for Volatile Organic Compounds
1. No person shall build or install or permit the
building or installation of any stationary tank,
reservoir or other container of more than 65,000
gallons capacity which will or might be used for
storage of any volatile organic compounds unless
such tank, reservoir or other container is to be a
pressure tank capable of maintaining working
pressures sufficient at all times to prevent vapor
or gas loss to the ambient air or is designed for
and equipped with one of the following vapor loss
control devices:
a) A floating roof, consisting of a pontoon type,
double deck type roof, or internal floating
cover, which will rest on the surface of the
liquid contents and be equipped with a closure
seal or seals, to close the space between the
roof edge and tank wall or an internal floating
cover or other device equally effective. The
control equipment to be provided for in A.I.
shall not be permitted if the volatile organic
compounds to be stored will have a vapor
pressure of 12.0 pounds per square inch
absolute or greater under actual storage
conditions. All tank gauging and sampling
devices shall be built so as to be gas-tight
except when gauging or sampling is taking
place.
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NORTH DAKOTA: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
VI. EMISSION STANDARDS FOR ORGANIC COMPOUNDS (CONTD.)
b) A vapor recovery system consisting of a
vapor-gathering system capable of collecting
the volatile organic compound vapors and gases
discharged and a vapor disposal system capable
of processing such vapors and gases so as to
prevent their emission to the ambient air and
with all tank gauging and sampling devices
gas-tight except when gauging or sampling is
taking place.
c) Other equipment or means of equal efficiency
for purposes of air pollution control as may be
approved by the Department.
B. Submerged Fill Pipes for Volatile Organic Compounds
Storage Tanks.
1. No person shall build or install or permit the
building or installation of a stationary volatile
organic compounds storage tank with a capacity of
1,000 gallons or more unless such tank is
equipped with a submerged fill pipe during
loading operations or is a pressure tank or is
fitted with a vapor recovery system as described
in A.1. above.
C. Loading Facilities for Volatile Organic Compounds
1. No person shall build or install or permit the
building or installation of volatile organic
compounds tank car or tank truck loading
facilities handling 20,000 gallons per day or
more unless such facilities are equipped with
submersible filling arms or other vapor emission
control systems.
D. Pumps and Compressors
1. All rotating pumps and compressors handling
volatile organic compounds shall be equipped with
mechanical seals or other equipment of equal
efficiency for purposes of air pollution control
as may be approved by the Department.
E. Waste Gas Disposal
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NORTH DAKOTA; STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
VI. EMISSION STANDARDS FOR ORGANIC COMPOUNDS (CONTD.)
1. No person shall cause or permit the emission of
organic compounds gases and vapors, except from a
vapor blowdown system or emergency relief system,
unless these gases and vapors are burned by
smokeless flares or an equally effective control
device as approved by the Department.
Organic compounds gases and vapors which are
generated as wastes as the result of oil
exploration, development, production, refining,
or processing operations and which contain
hydrogen sulfide shall be incinerated, flared or
treated in an equally effective manner before
being released to the ambient air. The emissions
from all devices designed for incinerating,
flaring or treating waste organic compounds gases
and vapors shall result in compliance with the
ambient air quality standards.
VII. EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS
A. Definitions
1. "Mercury" means the element mercury, excluding
any associated elements, and includes mercury in
particulates, vapors, aerosols, and compounds.
2. "Beryllium" means the element beryllium. Where
weights or concentrations are specified, such
weights or concentrations apply to beryllium only
excluding the weight or concentration of any
associated elements.
B. Standards
1. Within the category of "Hazardous Air Pollutants"
North Dakota has promulgated regulations for
asbestos, mercury, beryllium, and beryllium
rocket motor firing as has the federal EPA. Of
these regulations those for mercury and beryllium
are relevant to this project. The North Dakota
regulations for these two contaminants are
essentially identical to the current federal
regulations for mercury and beryllium, for which
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NORTH DAKOTA: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
VII. EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS (CONTD.)
synopses may be found in the "Federal EPA
Regulations and Standards" portion of this
report.
VIII. STANDARDS FOR NEW STATIONARY SOURCES
A. North Dakota has promulgated regulations for certain
designated major stationary emission sources, largely
sources for which there are federal new stationary
source performance standards. The standards and
language used in the North Dakota regulations are
generally identical to those in the federal standards
for the same source but there are a few differences
and/or additions in the North Dakota provisions.
The sources listed in VIII. B. below are the
stationary sources relevant to this project for which
North Dakota has new source regulations. Except for
the additions noted below for fossil-fuel fired steam
generators, the North Dakota regulations listed set
standards identical to the federal regulations for
like sources. The portions of the applicable federal
regulations which are relevant to this project have
been synopsized herein and may be found in the
"Federal EPA Regulations and Standards" section of
this report.
B. The North Dakota regulations for the following sources
are applicable to this project (see federal synopses
for details).
1. Fossil-fuel fired steam generators. North Dakota
regulations in effect make the followng additions
to the corresponding federal standards:
a) S0?_standard where different fuels are
burned simultaneously in any combination.
use: E = y(0.8) + z(1.2)
y + z
where: E = S02 in Ib per million
Btu, total;
y = % of total heat input
derived from liquid fossil
fuel; and
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NORTH DAKOTA; STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
VIII. STANDARDS FOR NEW STATIONARY SOURCES (CONTD.)
z = % of total heat input deriv-
ed from solid fossil fuel.
b) NOY standard where different fuels are
burned simultaneously in any combination.
use: E = x(0.2) + y(0.3) + z(0.7)
x + y + z
where: E = NOX emitted, expressed
as Ib N02 Per million
Btu;
x = % of total heat input
derived from gaseous fossil
fuel;
y = % of total heat input
derived from liquid fossil
fuel; and
z = % of total heat input
derived from solid fossil
fuel (except lignite)
2. Incinerators
3. Storage Vessels for Petroleum Liquids
4. Petroleum Refineries
IX. EMISSION STANDARDS FOR CERTAIN SETTLEABLE ACIDS AND
ALKALINE SUBSTANCES
A. No person shall cause or permit the emission from any
stationary source of substances having acidic or
alkaline properties in such manner and amounts that
the downwind fallout rate of such substances at any
place where an adverse effect could occur exceeds the
upwind fallout rate by five or more spots per hour as
measured in the manner prescribed [in the North Dakota
regulations].
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NORTH DAKOTA SOLID WASTE REGULATIONS
Agency: North Dakota State Department of Health
I. GENERAL
A. Definitions
1. "Construction and demolition waste" shall mean waste
building materials and rubble resulting from con-
struction, remodeling, repair or demolition opera-
tions on houses, commercial buildings, sidewalks,
pavements and other structures.
2. "Cover material" shall mean soil or other material
acceptable to the Department that is used to cover
compacted solid wastes in a land disposal site.
3. "Department" shall mean the North Dakota State
Department of Health.
4. "Disposal operation" shall mean any activity regu-
larly conducted or to be conducted upon any tract or
parcel of land which is designed to dispose of solid
wastes and hazardous wastes.
5. "Groundwater" shall mean water present in the
saturated zone of an aquifer.
6. "Hazardous wastes" shall mean any waste or combina-
tion of wastes which pose a substantial present or
potential hazard to human health or living organisms
because such wastes are nondegradable or persistent
in nature or because they can be biologically magni-
fied, or because they can be lethal, or because
they may otherwise cause or tend to cause detrimen-
tal cumulative effects.
7. "Incineration" shall mean the controlled process by
which combustible solid, liquid, or gaseous wastes
are burned and changed into noncombustible gases.
8. "Leachate" shall mean liquid that has percolated
through solid waste and has extracted dissolved, or
suspended materials from it.
9. "Open burning" shall mean burning of solid wastes in
any manner except in an approved incinerator.
10. "Putrescible waste" shall mean solid waste capable
of being decomposed with sufficient rapidity as to
cause nuisances from offensive odors or produce fly-
breeding conditions.
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NORTH DAKOTA SOLID WASTE REGULATIONS
I. GENERAL (CONT)
11. "Residue" shall mean all the solids that remain
after completion of incineration, including bottom
ash, flyash, grate siftings, and flue gas desulfuri-
zation materials.
12 "Runoff" shall mean the portion of precipitation
that drains from an area as surface flow.
13. "Sanitary landfill" shall mean a disposal operation
employing an engineered method of disposing of
putrescible solid wastes on land by spreading the
solid wastes in thin layers, compacting the solid
wastes in thin layers, compacting the solid wastes
to the smallest practical volume, and applying and
compacting cover material at the end of each
operating day.
14. "Sludge" shall mean the accumulated semiliquid
suspension of settled solids deposited from waste-
waters or other fluids in tanks or basins. It does
not include solids or dissolved material in domestic
sewage or other significant pollutants in water re-
sources, such as silt, dissolved or suspended solids
in industrial wastewater effluents, dissolved mate-
rials in irrigation return flows or other common
water pollutants.
15. "Special use disposal" shall mean a land disposal
operation employing an engineering method of dis-
posing of residue, construction and demolition
waste, and other nonputrescible waste.
16. "Solid waste" shall mean garbage, refuse, residue
sludges, hazardous waste, putrescible waste, and
other discarded solid materials resulting from
industrial and commercial operations as well as from
communities.
B. Applicability
This Regulation is applicable to all solid waste
storage, collection, transportation, disposal, and
resource recovery systems.
II. STANDARDS FOR DISPOSAL FACILITIES AND OPERATIONS
A. Sanitary Landfills
1. Every sanitary landfill operation shall have and
maintain equipment adequate for the excavation,
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NORTH DAKOTA SOLID WASTE REGULATIONS
II. STANDARDS FOR DISPOSAL FACILITIES AND OPERATIONS (CONT)
compaction, and covering procedures required by this
regulation. The equipment shall be provided with
safety devices and noise control devices necessary
to ensure compliance with any applicable state law.
2. Open burning is hereby prohibited. Appropriate
equipment shall be provided and kept at the site
during the hours of operation to control accidental
fires. Arrangements shall be made with the local
fire departments to immediately acquire their
services when needed.
3. Dumping of solid waste shall be confined to as small
an area as practicable and with appropriate facili-
ties to confine possible windblown material within
the area. At the conclusion of each day of opera-
tion, all windblown material resulting from the
operation shall be collected and returned to the
landfill.
4. Solid waste shall be compacted as densely as practi-
cable not to exceed two (2) foot layers, and covered
after each day of operation with a compacted layer
of at least six (6) inches of suitable cover
material.
5. There shall be available an adequate supply of suit-
able cover material, which, if necessary, shall be
stockpiled and protected for winter operation.
6. The sanitary landfill shall be constructed and cover
material graded so as to promote surface water
runoff wi.thout ponding or excessive erosion.
Surface water drainage shall be diverted around and
away from the landfill operating area.
7. The disposal site shall be provided with an all-
weather access road suitable for travel by
collection vehicles.
8. Dust control measures shall be provided on the site.
9. Perimeter fencing shall be provided to prevent
livestock from entering the site. A gate shall be
provided at the entrance to the site and shall be
locked when an attendant is not on duty.
10. Supervisory personnel to supervise general operation
of the site shall be on duty at all times while it
is open for public use.
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NORTH DAKOTA SOLID WASTE REGULATIONS
II. STANDARDS FOR DISPOSAL FACILITIES AND OPERATIONS (CONT)
11. A permanent sign identifying the operation and
indicating the hours and days the site is open for
public use, rates, hazardous wastes information, the
penalty for non-conforming dumping, and other
pertinent information shall be posted at the site
entrance.
12. The following shall not be accepted for deposit in
sanitary landfills except in amounts normal in
household wastes:
a) Liquids.
b) Any of the following unless approved by the
Department: digested sewage sludges, lime
sludges, grit chamber cleanings, 'bar screenings
and other sludges. Approval will be based on
consideration of such factors as chemical
composition, free moisture content and
workability.
c) Any of the following unless approved by the
Department: raw sewage sludge, animal manure,
septic tank pumpings, or hazardous waste.
13. Scavenging is hereby prohibited to avoid personal
injury and prevent interference with operations.
14. All reasonable means shall be taken when necessary
to control flies, rodents, and other insects or
vermin.
15. Leachate collection and treatment systems approved
by the Department shall be used when required by the
Department to protect groundwater and surface water.
16. The Department may require that a water monitoring
system be constructed and operated to determine if
leachate therefrom is causing or may cause pollution
of groundwater or surface water. The drilling and
construction of all monitoring wells shall be per-
formed in compliance with the Water Well Construction
and Water Well Pump Installation Regulations - R43-
35-01 of the North Dakota State Department of
Health.
17. Decomposition gases may migrate laterally from a
sanitary landfill creating a potentially hazardous
condition. Should this occur, the Department shall
require venting into the atmosphere directly through
the cover material, or into cutoff trenches, or into
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NORTH DAKOTA SOLID WASTE REGULATIONS
II. STANDARDS FOR DISPOSAL FACILITIES AND OPERATIONS (CONT)
the atmosphere by forced ventilation, or by other
means approved by the Department so that explosive
concentrations are prevented.
18. Final Grading and Closure.
All sanitary landfills shall be closed within a rea-
sonable time, or as may be ordered by the Department,
after all permitted areas within such landfill have
been filled, in the manner prescribed below:
a) All completed disposal sites shall be covered
with at least 24 inches of compacted earth, free
from cracks and extrusions of refuse.
b) Consideration should be provided for the future
use of the site.
c) The surface drainage of the finished disposal
site shall be consistent with the surrounding
area, and shall not cause interference with
drainage of adjacent land nor concentrate runoff
water into adjacent areas.
d) The site shall be seeded, at a minimum, with
those types of vegetation naturally found in the
area surrounding the completed disposal site. If
the Department determines that such seeding may
cause substantial risk of erosion of the soil
covering the completed site, it may require other
vegetation to be seeded.
B. Special Use Disposals (See definition at I.A.15)
1. Construction and Demolition Wastes (Defined at I.A.I)
a) Construction and demolition wastes may be receiv-
ed at any special use disposal site operated in
accordance with this regulation and any permit
limitation.
b) All wastes deposited at the site shall be spread
at sufficient intervals to prevent infestation of
rodents and prevent nuisances, and shall, at a
minimum, be spread every 180 days.
c) In the case of construction and demolition wastes
which have large amounts of paper and paper pro-
ducts, provisions shall be made to control blow-
ing litter. In such instances, the Department
may require that cover material be spread on a
dally Basis.
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NORTH DAKOTA SOLID WASTE REGULATIONS
II. STANDARDS FOR DISPOSAL FACILITIES AND OPERATIONS (CONT)
2. Residue (Defined at I.A.11.)
a) Residue may be received at any special use
disposal site operated in accordance with this
regulation and any permit limitation.
b) Dumping of residue shall be confined to as small
an area as practicable and with appropriate
facilities to confine possible windblown material
within the area.
c) Dust control measures shall be provided on the
site.
d) Leachate collection and treatment systems
approved by the Department shall be used where
required to protect groundwater and surface
water.
e) The Department may require that a water
monitoring system be constructed and operated to
determine if leachate therefrom is causing
pollution of groundwater or surface water. The
drilling and construction of all monitoring wells
shall be performed in compliance with the Water
Well Pump Installation Regulations - R43-35-01 of
the North Dakota State Department of Health.
3. Final Grading and Closure.
The same criteria apply as for Sanitary Landfills -
shown at II.A.18. above.
C. Incinerators
1. All incinerators used for solid waste may incorporate
the use of auxiliary fuel and shall be constructed
and operated in compliance with the Air Pollution
Control Regulations of the State of North Dakota.
2. Supervisory personnel shall be on duty at all times
during operation of the incinerator.
3. Arrangements shall be made to assure efficient
unloading of refuse at the point or points
designated for this purpose.
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NORTH DAKOTA SOLID WASTE REGULATIONS
II. STANDARDS FOR DISPOSAL FACILITIES AND OPERATIONS (CONT)
4. Every incinerator, including the unloading area and
the charging floor, shall be maintained in a clean
and nuisance-free condition at all times. The
accumulation of putrescible refuse, rubbish, and
reclaimed materials shall be strictly controlled to
eliminate odors, harboring of insects and rodents,
scattering of materials by the wind, or interference
with the operation of the facility.
5. Every incinerator site shall be provided with an all-
weather access road suitable for travel by collection
vehicles.
6. Each site shall be provided with fencing and lockable
gates, thus providing access control to the site and
the unloading area.
D. Standards for Other Methods of Disposal
New and unique methods that may be developed subsequent
to the adoption of these regulations and that, in the
opinion of the Department, can be utilized without
environmental degradation and creation of hazards to
public health and safety will be considered for use by
the Department. No such methods of solid waste disposal
shall be allowed without applicable permits issued by the
Department.
E. Disposal of Hazardous Wastes
1. 'Disposal of hazardous wastes shall be the responsi-
bility of the owner of such wastes. Hazardous wastes
may not be deposited in a disposal operation site
except in amounts normal in household waste, unless
approved by the Department. The Department may pro-
vide technical assistance to the owner for storage,
transportation, and disposal of hazardous wastes.
2. Non-returnable empty pesticide containers shall be
rinsed and punctured in order to avoid secondary use
of such containers, if such punctured containers will
not endanger humans, animals, or the environment.
III. RESOURCE RECOVERY CRITERIA
A. Any resource recovery or recycling of solid wastes shall
be done in a manner that will prevent a public nuisance.
B. It is the intent of these regulations to promote the
planning and application of resource recovery systems.
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NORTH DAKOTA SOLID WASTE REGULATIONS
IV. STORAGE CRITERIA
A. Temporary Storage - Responsibility For.
The owner and occupant of any premises, business esta-
blishment, or industry shall be responsible for the
storage of all solid wastes accumulated at the premise
business establishment or industry.
B. Bulk Containers
Bulk containers shall be constructed of durable, rust and
corrosion resistant material; be equipped with tight
fitting lids or doors to prevent entrance of insects or
rodents; and shall be watertight, leakproof and weather-
proof.
C. Maintenance of Containers
All containers for storage of solid waste shall be
maintained in such a manner as to prevent the creation of
a nuisance. Containers that are broken or otherwise fail
to meet requirements of this regulation shall be replaced
with complying containers.
D. Open storage is prohibited for non-putrescible solid
wastes, such as brush, newspapers, and magazines. These
materials shall be bundled or placed in containers to
prevent scattering. Bundles shall not exceed fifty
pounds in weight and four feet in length. Such wastes
shall not be placed out for collection prior to 24 hours
before scheduled pickup.
E. Storage of Hazardous Wastes
Storage of hazardous wastes shall be the responsibility
of the owner until the wastes are disposed of. The
Department may provide technical assistance to the owner
for storage, transportation, and disposal of hazardous
wastes.
V. COLLECTION AND TRANSPORTATION CRITERIA
A. Frequency of Collection
Solid wastes shall be collected at sufficiently frequent
intervals to prevent nuisances. The interval shall not
exceed one week.
B. Vehicles Required, Generally
Vehicles used for the collection and transportation of
any nonputrescible solid waste shall be loaded and moved
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NORTH DAKOTA SOLID WASTE REGULATIONS
COLLECTION AND TRANSPORTATION CRITERIA (CONT)
in such a manner that the contents will not fall, leak or
spill therefrom, and shall be covered to prevent scatter-
ing of material. Where spillage does occur, the material
shall be picked up immediately by the collector or trans-
porter and returned to the vehicle or container and the
area cleaned.
C. Hazardous Waste Collection and Transportation
Vehicles used for the collection and transportation of
hazardou3 wastes shall be durable, enclosed, leakproof
and shall be loaded, moved, and unloaded in a safe manner
in compliance with other applicable federal, state, and
local regulations.
D. Permit Requirements
Every person owning or operating a refuse collection
service shall obtain a permit from the department, with
permit application to be made on a form provided by the
Department. A permit granted shall be valid for two
years from date of issuance.
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OHIO WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
Basis: Regulation EP-1, Water Quality Standards
Agency: Ohio Environmental Protection Agency
GENERAL STANDARDS FOR WATER OF THE STATE
A. Within 500 yards of any public water supply intake:
1. Dissolved solids may exceed one, but not both of
the following:
a. 500 mg/1 as monthly average nor exceed 750 mg/i
at any one time; or
b. 150 mg/1 attributable to human activities.
2. Phenols £1.0 ug/1
3. Nitrate (as N) <8 mg/1
4. Dissolved Iron £300 ug/1
5. Chromium £10 ug/1
6. Cyanides £0.005 mg/1
7. Dissolved Manganese £50 ug/1
B. Within 500 yards of any water supply intake:
1. Dissolved Solids may exceed one, but not both of
the following:
a. 500 mg/1 as a monthly average nor exceed 750
mg/1 at any one time, or
b. 150 mg/1 attributable to human activities.
C. Dissolved Oxygen 5.0 mg/1 daily average
nor less than 4.0 mg/l
anytime.
D. pH (range) 6.0 - 9.0 attributable
to human activities.
E. Fecal Coliform
1. Geometric Mean (based on £200/100 ml
not less than 5 samples
within 30 day period)
2. In more than ten percent £400/100 ml
of samples taken during
any 30 day period.
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OHIO WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
I. GENERAL STANDARDS FOR WATER OF THE STATE (CONTD.)
F. Dissolved Solids may exceed one, but not both of the
following:
1. 1,500 rag/1
2. 150 mg/1 attributable to human activities
G. Temperature Increase Attributable to Human Activities
1. Lakes or Reservoirs <3°F rise
2. Stream Water <,5°F rise
Threshold - Odor Number <24 at 40°C
H,
I,
The following chemical pollutants shall not exceed the
specified concentrations at any time.
Constituent
1. Ammonia
2. Arsenic
3. Barium
4. Cadmium
5. Chloride
6. Chromium
7. Chromium (hexavalent)
8. Cyanide (free)
9. Cyanide
10. Fluoride
11. Foaming Agents
12. Iron (dissolved)
13. Lead
14. Manganese (dissolved)
15. Mercury
16. Oil and Grease (hexane
soluble)
17. Phenols
18. Selenium
19. Silver
Concentration
mg/1
1.5
250.0
0.005
0.20
1.3
0.5
UR/1
50.0
800.0
5.0
300.00
50.0
5.0
1000.0
40.0
1000.0
0.5
10.0
5.0
1.0
J. Total Copper shall not exceed the following specified
concentrations at any time:
Hardness as mg/1 of CaCO 0-8 80-160 160-240 240-320 above
320
Concentration in ug/1 5 10 20 50
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OHIO WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
I. GENERAL STANDARDS FOR WATER OF THE STATE (CONTD.)
K. Total Zinc shall not exceed the following specified
concentrations at any time:
Hardness as mg/1 of CaCO 0-80 80-160 160-240 240-320 above 320
Concentration in ug/1 75 100 200 400 500
L. Total Phosphorus (as P)
1. Ohio River and all tributary waters
a. Limited to the extent necessary to prevent
nuisance growths of algae, weeds and slimes,
phosphorus discharges from point sources
determined significant by Ohio EPA shall not
exceed 1 mg/1 or such stricter requirements as
may be imposed by Ohio EPA NPDES permit.
M. 96 Hour Median Tolerance Limit
All pollutants or combinations of pollutants shall not
exceed at any time one-tenth of the 96 hour median
tolerance limit for any indigenous aquatic species.
N. All waters of the state shall be free from substances
attributable to human activities which result in sludge
deposits, floating materials, color, turbidity, or
other conditions in such degree so as to create a
nuisance.
II. SPECIFIC WATER USE CLASSIFICATIONS
The remainder of the Ohio Water Quality Standards pertain
to specific water use classifications and to specific named
waters of the state. The following criteria are applicable
for the evaluation of stream quality for Public Water
Supply, and for Industrial Water Supply and aquatic life.
A. Potable Water Supply
1. Bacteria
a. Coliform Group £5000/100 ml as a
monthly average; nor
exceed this number in
more than 20$ of the
samples during any month;
nor exceed 20,000/100 ml
in more than 5% of such
samples.
b. Threshold-Odor Number <24 (at 60°C) as daily
average.
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OHIO WATER QUALITY-STANDARDS
II. SPECIFIC WATER USE CLASSIFICATIONS (CONTD.)
c. Dissolved Solids £500 mg/1 as monthly
average, nor exceed 750
mg/1 at any time.
d. Maximum Allowable Chemical Constituents
Constituent Conoentration (mg/1)
1. Arsenic 0.05
2. Barium 1.0
3. Cadmium 0.005
4. Chromium (hexavalent) 0.05
5. Cyanide 0.025
6. Fluoride 1.0
7. Lead 0.05
8. Selenium 0.005
9. Silver 0.05
10. Mercury 0.005
B. Industrial Water Supply
The following criteria are applicable to stream waters
for industrial cooling and processing:
1. Dissolved Solids .1500 mg/1 as monthly
average, nor exceed 750
mg/1 at any time.
C. For Aquatic Life (Warm Water Fishery)
The following criteria are applicable at any point in
the stream except for the minimum mixing zone, and they
are for evaluation of conditions for the maintenance of
a well balanced, warm-water fish population.
1. Dissolved Oxygen 5.0 mg/1 per day and not
less than 4.0 mg/1 at any
time.
6.0 - 8.5 (except when
correlated with
photosynthetic activity.
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OHIO WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
II. SPECIFIC WATER USE CLASSIFICATIONS (CONTD.)
3. Temperature (all waters <5°F rise above natural
except main stream of temperature.
Mahoning River).
i*. Toxic Substances ^One-tenth of 96-hour
median tolerance limit.
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OHIO: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
Agency: Ohio Environmental Protection Agency
I. General Provisions
A. Definitions
1. "Fuel-burning equipment" means any furnace, boiler,
apparatus, stack, and all appurtenances thereto, used
in the process of burning fuel for the primary purpose
of producing heat or power by indirect heat transfer.
2. "Fugitive dust" means a state which renders material
partially or wholly impervious to rays of light and
causes obstruction of an observerfs View.
3. "Opacity" means a state which renders material
partially or wholly impervious to rays of light and
causes obstruction of an observer's view.
4. "Particulate matter' means any material, except water
in uncombined form, that is or has been airborne, and
exists as a liquid or a solid at standard conditions.
B. The significant and avoidable deterioration of air quality
in any part of an area where presently existing air quality
is equal to or better than that required by Ohio ambient
air quality standards shall be prohibited.
II. Visible Emission Standards
A. Maximum Emission
No. 1 on Ringelmann Chart (20% opacity)
• B. Exceptions
1. Emissions not darker than No. 3 on Ringelman Chart (60%
opacity) shall not be violations of this regulation if
for periods aggregating hot more than three minutes in
any 60 minute period or for such other period as may be
set by the Board.
2. It shall not be a violation where the presence of
uncombined water is the only reason for failure of an
emission to meet the standards of this section.
III. Standards for Fugitive Dust
A. It shall be prohibited to cause or allow any materials to
be handled, transported, or stored, or any building or its
appurtenances or road to be used, constructed, altered,
repaired, or demolished without taking reasonable precautions
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OHIO: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
III. Standards for Fugitive Dust (Contd.)
to prevent particulate matter from becoming airborne.
Such reasonable precautions shall include, but not be
limited to, the following:
1. Use, where possible, of water or chemicals for control
of dust in the demolition of buildings or structures
construction operations, the grading of roads or the*
clearing of land;
2. Application of asphalt, oil, water, or suitable
chemicals on dirt roads, materials stockpiles, and
other surfaces which can create airborne dusts;
3. Installation and use of hoods, fans, and control
equipment to enclose, contain, capture and vent the
handling of dusty materials; adequate containment
methods shall be employed during sandblasting or other
similar operations;
H. The paving of roadways and their maintenance in a clean
condition;
5. The prompt removal of earth or other material from
paved streets onto which earth or other material has
been deposited by trucking or earth moving equipment or
erosion by water or other means.
B. When dust, fumes, gases, mist, odorous matter, vapors,
smoke, other particulate matter or any combination thereof
escape from a building or equipment in such manner and
amount as to cause a nuisance or to violate Section II or
any other regulation, the Board may order that the building
or equipment in which processing, handling and storage are
done be tightly closed and ventilated so that all air,
gases, and airborne material leaving the building or
equipment are treated by removal or destruction of air
contaminants before discharge to the open air.
IV. Emission Standards for Particulate Matter
A. Definitions
1. Priority I Region: indicates that the pollutant concen-
tration (measured or estimated) is greater than the "~
federal primary ambient air quality standard in that
region.
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OHIO: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
IV. Emission Standards for Particulate Matter (Contd.)
2.
Priority II Region: indicates that the pollutant con-
centration (measured or estimated) is greater than the
secondary air quality standard, but less than the
Priority I range in the region.
3. Priority III Region: indicates that the pollutant con-
centration (measured or estimated) is presently less
than the secondary air quality standard in that region.
4. "Process weight" means the total weight of all materials
introduced into the source operation including solid
fuels, but excluding gaseous fuels and liquid fuels
when they are used solely as fuels and excluding air
introduced for the purpose of combustion.
5. "Uncontrolled mass rate of emission" means the total
weight rate at which particulate matter is, or in the
absence of an air cleaning device would be emitted from
an air contaminant source when such source is operated
at its maximum rated capacity.
B. Fuel Burning Equipment
1. Affected facilities: Installations in which fuel is
burned for the primary purpose of producing heat or
power by indirect heat transfer. Fuels include those
such as coal, coke, lignite, coke breeze, and fuel oil
but do not include refuse. When any products or by-
products of a manufacturing process are burned for the
same purpose or in conjunction with any fuel, the same
maximum emission limitations shall apply.
2. Maximum Emission (all priority regions)
<_ 10 MM Btu/hr total heat input:
0.4 Ibs/MM Btu heat input
<_ 1000 MM Btu/hr total
10 MM Btu/hr heat input: Use E = 0.8q-°'301*
where: E = maximum allowable emission in Ib/MM
Btu heat input; and q = total heat
input in MM Btu/hr
> 1000 MM Btu/hr total heat input:
0.1 Ibs/MM Btu heat input
Equation is not shown in current Ohio regulations obtained
directly from Ohio EPA; regulations have curve illustrating
equation from 10 MM Btu/hr to 1000 MM Btu/hr.
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OHIO: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
IV. Emission Standards for Particulate Matter (Contd.)
3. The heat input shall be the aggregate heat content of
all fuels whose products of combustion emanate from a
single fuel burning unit. The heat input value used
shall be the equipment manufacturer's or designer's
guaranteed maximum input, whichever is greater. The
total heat input of all fuel burning units at a plant
or premises which are united either physically or
operationally shall be used for determining the maximum
allowable amount of particulate matter which may be
emitted from any single fuel burning unit.
C. Incinerators
1. Maximum Emission
Burning Capacity
<100 Ib/hr: 0.2 lb/100 Ib combustible refuse charged
XLOO Ib/hr: 0.10 lb/100 Ib combustible refuse charged
2. Burning capacity of an incinerator shall be the
manufacturer's or designer's guaranteed maximum rate or*
such other rate as may be determined by the Board in
accordance with good engineering practice.
3. The total capacities of all furnaces within one system
shall be considered as the incinerator capacity.
D. Industrial Processes
1. Affected facilities: Any operation, process, or
activity from which particulate matter is emitted
except facilities and equipment covered under
subsections B. and C. herein.
2. Maximum Emissions - Priority I Regions
a) Controlling Standards: The maximum emissions rate
determined by 2.b) or 2.c) whichever is applicable
below shall control. Where both 2.b) and 2.c) are*
applicable, the more stringent of the two limita-
tions shall apply. 2.b) shall apply where the
process weight of all materials introduced into anv
process that could cause any particulate emission
are known but where the uncontrolled mass rate of
emission and the process emission factor character
ization is unknown. Where the uncontrolled mass
rate of emission is known or can be ascertained
2.c) shall be used.
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OHIO; STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
IV. Emission Standards for Particulate Matter (Contd.)
b) Process weight rate basis
<^ 60,000 Ib/hr,process weight rate:
Use: E = 4.10P0-6?
Where: E = maximum emission rate in Ib/hr; and
P = process weight rate in T/hr.
> 60,000 Ib/hr, process weight rate:
Use: E = 55.OP0-11 - 40
Where: (E and P are as defined above)
c) Uncontrolled mass rate of emission basis*
(Equations in this subsection are not shown in
current Ohio regulations - obtained directly from
Ohio EPA; regulations have curves based on these
equations)
>10 Ib/hr <_ 20 Ib/hr, uncontrolled mass rate
of emission:
Use: A = .20 U
Where: A = maximum allowable emission in Ib/hr;
U = uncontrolled mass rate of emission in
Ib/hr.
> 20 Ib/hr _< 1000 Ib/hr, uncontrolled mass rate of
emission:
Use: A = 0.5782U0-6^56
Where: (A and U are as defined above)
> 1000 Ib/hr < 6000 ib/hr, uncontrolled mass of
rate of emission:
50 Ib/hr maximum allowable emission
> 6000 Ib/hr _< 27,000 Ib/hr, uncontrolled mass rate
of emission:
* The uncontrolled mass rate of emission from all similar process
units at a plant, such units being united either physically or
operationally or otherwise located in close proximity to each
other, shall be used for determining the maximum allowable mass
rate of emission that passes through a stack or stacks.
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OHIO: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
IV. Emission Standards for Particulate Matter (Contd.)
Use: A = 0.1296U0- 681f6
Where: (A and U are as defined above)
> 27,000 Ib/hr, uncontrolled mass rate of emission:
Use: A = 34.W°-137J*
Where: (A and U are as defined above)
3. Maximum Emissions' - Priority II and III Regions
Use method shown in 2.c) above to determine allowable
emissions (uncontrolled mass rate of emission basis).
V. Emission Standards for Sulfur Compounds
A. Definitions
1. Priority Regions: (see IV. A. herein for
definitions of Priority Regions I - III.)
B. Industrial Processes
1. Maximum SOp_Emission Concentrations - General
a) 500 ppm (vol.) in effluent gas.
b) Exceptions. Sources covered by other specific
limitations in subsections 3- and 4. below.
2. Maximum HpS Emission Concentration - General
100 gr/100 SCF of gas emitted or combusted
3. Maximum SOp Emission from Sulfur Recovery Plants
0.01 Ib/lb of S processed
4. Exemption. Emergency discharge from safety relief
valves shall be exempt from the requirements of
subsection B. herein provided that state regulations
concerning reporting requirements are complied with.
C. Emisson Standards for Fuel Burning Equipment
1. Affected facilities: Any installation in which fuel
is burned and in which the SC>2 emission is largely
due to the sulfur content of the fuel burned, and in
which the fuel is burned primarily to produce heat or
power by indirect heat transfer.
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OHIO: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
V. Emission Standards for Sulfur Compounds
2. Definitions.
a) For purposes of this subsection "fuel burning equip-
ment" means any single fuel-burning furnace or
boiler or other unit, device, or contrivance in
which fuel is burned or any grouping of two or more
such furnaces or boilers or other units, devices, or
contrivances which are united either physically or
operationally or otherwise located in close proximity
to each other and controlled by the same facility.
The capacity of such installation shall be the
manufacturer's or designer's guaranteed maximum heat
input rate.
3. Use as raw material. If a fuel is used as an
essential raw material in a manufacturing operation
and its heat value is an incidental part of the opera-
tion, the restrictions of subsection C. shall not apply
and the source shall be controlled under the provisions
of subsection B. and such other restrictions as the
Board may impose to assure that the air quality
standards will be met.
*
4. Nothing in this regulation shall be interpreted to
preclude research or experimentation into alternate
methods of meeting the intent and restrictions of this
regulation.
5. Maximum Sulfur Compound Emissions (expressed as SOg)
1.0 Ib/MM Btu heat input(regardless of
Priority Region)
VI. Standards for Organic Materials
A. Definitions
1. "Organic material" means any chemical compound contain-
ing carbon, excluding carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide,
carbonic acid, metallic carbides, metallic carbonates,
and ammonium carbonate.
2. "Photochemically reactive material" means any liquid
organic material with an aggregate of more than 20
percent of its total volume composed of the chemical
compounds classified below or which exceeds any of the
following individual percentage composition
limitations, referred to the total volume of liquid:
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OHIO: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
VI. Standards for Organic Materials (Contd.)
a) A combination of hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehydes
esters, ethers or ketones having an olefinic or *
cyclo-olefinic type of unsaturation: 5%;
b) A combination of aromatic hydrocarbons with eight
or more carbon atoms to the molecule except ethyl
benzene: 8%;
c) A combination of ethylbenzene, ketones having
branched hydrocarbon structures, trichlorethylene
or toluene: 20%.
Whenever any organic material or any constituent of an
organic material may be classified from its chemical
structure into more than one of the above groups of
organic compounds, it shall be considered as a member
of the most reactive chemical group, that is, that
group having the least allowable percent of the total
volume of liquid.
3. "Volatile photochemically reactive material" means
photochemically reactive material which has a vapor
pressure of 1.5 pounds per square inch absolute or
greater under actual storage conditions.
4. "Effluent water separator" means any tank, box, sump,
or other container in which any volatile photochemi-'
cally reactive material floating on or entrained or
contained in water entering such tank, box, sump, or
other container is physically separated and removed
from such water prior to outfall, drainage, or
recovery of such water.
B. Except as otherwise provided in these regulations, all
sources of photochemically reactive materials shall
minimize such emissions by use of the latest available
control techniques and operating practices in accordance
with best current technology.
C. Nothing in this regulation shall be construed to
preclude the use of alternative means to abate emissions
if such alternative is approved by the Board and will not
result in emissions significantly greater than would
result from the application of the means specified herein
D. Storage of volatile photochemically reactive materials:
1. It shall be prohibited to place, store, or hold in anv
stationary tank, reservoir or other container of more
than 65,000 gallons capacity any volatile
photochemically reactive material unless such tank
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OHIO: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
VI. Standards for Organic Materials (Contd.)
reservoir, or other container is a pressure tank cap-
able of maintaining working pressures sufficient at
all times to prevent vapor or gas loss to the atmo-
sphere or is designed, and equipped with one of the
following vapor loss control devices:
a) A floating pontoon or double-deck type cover
equipped with closure seals to enclose any space
between the cover's edge and compartment wall.
This control equipment shall not be permitted if
the volatile photochemically reactive material
has a vapor pressure of 12.5 pounds per square
inch absolute or greater under actual storage
conditions. All tank gauging or sampling devices
shall be gas-tight except when tank gauging or
sampling is taking place.
b) A vapor recovery system which reduces the emission
of organic materials into the atomosphere by at
least 90 percent by weight. All tank gauging or
sampling devices shall be gas-tight except when
tank gauging or sampling is taking place.
c) Other equipment or means of air pollution control
as may be approved by the Board.
2. It shall be prohibited to place, store, or hold in any
stationary storage vessel of more than 500-gallon
capacity any volatile photochemically reactive ma-
terial unless such vessel is equipped with a. permanent
submerged fill pipe, is loaded through the use of a
portable loading tube which can be inserted below the
liquid level line during loading operations, or is a
pressure tank as described in subsection D.1. of this
regulation or is fitted with a vapor recovery system
as described in subsection D.1.b of this regulation.
E. Loading Facilities for Volatile Photochemically Reactive
Materials
1. It shall be prohibited to load in any one day more
than 40,000 gallons of any volatile photochemically
reactive material into any tank truck, trailer, or
railroad tank car from any loading facility unless the
loading facility is equipped with a vapor collection
and disposal system properly installed, and consisting
of one of the following:
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OHIO; STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
VI. Standards for Organic Materials (Contd.)
a) An adsorber system or condensation system which
processes and recovers at least 90 percent by
weight of all vapors and gases from the equipment
being controlled.
b) A vapor handling system which directs all vapors to a
fuel gas system.
c) Other equipment or means for purposes of air pollu-
tion control as may be acceptable to and approved
by the Board.
2. All loading from facilities subject to the provisions
of subsections E.1.a and E.1.b of this regulation
shall be accomplished in such a manner that all dis-
placed vapors and gases shall be vented only to the
vapor collection system. A means shall be provided to
prevent liquid drainage from the loading device when
it is not in use or to accomplish complete drainage
before the loading device is disconnected.
F. Volatile Photochemically Reactive Material/Water Separation
1. It shall be prohibited to use any compartment of any
vessel or device operated for the recovery of volatile
photochemically reactive materials from an effluent
water separator which recovers 200 gallons a day or more
of any volatile photochemically reactive material unless
such compartment is equipped with one of the following
vapor loss control devices properly installed:
a) A solid cover with all openings sealed and totally
enclosing the liquid contents of the compartment.
All gauging and sampling devices shall be gas-tight
except when gauging or sampling is taking place.
b) A floating pontoon or double-deck type cover equipped
with closure seals to enclose any space between the
cover's edge and compartment wall. All gauging and
sampling devices shall be gas-tight except when
gauging or sampling is taking place.
c) A vapor recovery system which reduces the emission of
organic materials into the atmosphere by at least 90
percent by weight. All gauging and sampling devices
shall be gas-tight except when gauging or sampling is
taking place.
d) Other equipment or means of air pollution control as
may be approved by the Board.
G. Operations Using Liquid Organic Materials
1. It shall be prohibited to discharge more than 15 pounds
of organic materials into the atmosphere in any one day
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OHIO: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
VI. Standards for Organic Materials (Contd.)
nor more than 3 pounds in any one hour, from any
article, machine, equipment, or other contrivance in
which any liquid organic material or substance con-
taining liquid organic material comes into contact
with flame or is heat-cured or heat-polymerized, in
the present of oxygen, unless said discharge has been
reduced by at least 85 percent.
2. It shall be prohibited to discharge more than 40
pounds of organic material into the atmosphere in any
ono day, nor more than 8 pounds in any one hour, from
any article, machine, equipment, or other contrivance
used under conditions other than described in subsec-
tion G.1 of this regulation for employing, applying,
evaporating or drying any photochemically reactive
material or substance containing such photochemically
reactive material, unless said discharge has been
reduced by at least 85 percent.
3. Emissions of organic materials into the atmosphere
required to be controlled by subsection G.1 or G.2 of
this regulation, shall be reduced by:
a) Incineration, provided that 90 percent or more of
the carbon in the organic material being
incinerated is oxidized to carbon dioxide, or
b) Adsorption, or
c) Processing in a manner determined by the Board to
be not less effective than (a) or (b) above.
4. The provisions of section G. of this regulation shall
not apply to:
a) The use of equipment for which other requirements
are specified by D., E., and F. of this regulation,
or which are exempt from air pollution control
requirements by said subsections.
b) The use of any material, in any article, machine,
equipment, or other contrivance described in
subsection G.1 or G.2 of this regulation, if:
(i) the volatile content of such material con-
sists only of water and liquid organic
material, and
(ii) the liquid organic material comprises not
more than 20 percent of said volatile content,
and
(iii) the volatile content is not photochemically
reactive material.
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OHIO: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
VI. Standards for Organic Materials (Contd.)
c) The use of any material, in any article, machine,
equipment or other contrivance described in
subsection G..I. or G.2. of this regulation, if:
(i) the volatile content of such material does
not exceed 20 percent by volume of said
material, and
(ii) the volatile content is not a
photochemically reactive material.
d) The use, in any article, machine, equipment, or
other contrivance described in subsection G.I. or
G.2. of liquid organic materials which exhibit a
boiling point higher than 220°F at 0.5 millimeter
mercury absolute pressure, or having an
equivalentvapor pressure, unless such liquid
organic material is exposed to temperatures
exceeding 220°F.
e) The use of any material, in any article, machine,
equipment or other contrivance described in
subsection G.I. or G.2., if it can be demonstrated
to the Board's satisfaction that the emissions of
organic material into the atmosphere from such
article, machine, equipment or other contrivance
are not photochemically reactive.
H. Disposal and evaporation of solvents.
1. It shall be prohibited to, during any one day, dispose
of a total of more than 1-1/2 gallons of any volatile
photochemically reactive material, or dispose of any
substance containing more than 1-1/2 gallons of any
volatile photochemically reactive material, by any
means which will permit the evaporation of such vola-
tile photochemically reactive material into the atmos-
phere.
I. Waste gas disposal.
1. It shall be prohibited to emit organic materials into
the atmosphere from a waste gas flare system unless
such materials are burned by smokeless flares, or an
equally effective control device is used as approved
by the Board.
2. Emissions from emergency relief and vapor blowdown
systems shall be controlled upon special order of the
Board by burning by smokeless flare or use of an
equally effective device as may be approved by the
Board.
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OHIO: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
VII. Emission Standards for Nitrogen Oxides (NOX)
A. General Standards
1. Affected facilities: All stationary sources of
NOX emissions except as covered in B. of this
section.
2. All NOX stationary sources shall minimize NOX
emissions by use of the best currently available
control technology.
B. Standards for Combustion Sources
1. Maximum Emission (NOX calculated as N02)
coal fired units with heat input capacity
>250 MM Btu/hr: 0.9 Ib/MM Btu heat input
VIII. Emission Standards for Carbon Monoxide (CO)
A. General Standard.
All carbon monoxide sources shall be minimized by use of
the best currently available control technology.
B. Petroleum Processes.
It shall be prohibited to emit CO in effluent gas streams
from any catalyst regeneration associated with a petroleum
cracking system or any other petroleum process unless such
effluent stream is burned at 1300°F for 0.3 seconds or
more in a direct-flame afterburner or boiler.
C. Alternate means to abate emissions regulated in this
section are not precluded, provided each alternative is
approved by the Board and will result in substantially
equivalent or better control of relevant emissions.
IX. Standards for Odorous Emissions
A. Incinerators
1. Incinerators, including all associated equipment and
grounds, shall be designed and operated so as to
prevent the emission of objectionable odors.
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OHIO SOLID WASTE REGULATIONS
Basis: Regulations EP-20 and EP-33 (July 1976)
Agency: Ohio Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
The Ohio EPA regulations, EP-20 and EP-33, provide
criteria applicable to the disposal of solid waste
in the State of Ohio. The regulations specify
requirements for the required data which must be
submitted with the application for approval of a
waste disposal facility plan. Such approval is
required from the Ohio EPA prior to any person
establishing a new-facility.
The primary emphasis of the regulations is
directed toward the operation of solid waste
disposal facilities once they have been designed
and constructed in accordance with the detailed
plans, specifications and the other information
required to be submitted for approval.
The regulation must be examined to fully determine
all necessary information which must be submitted
in order to obtain the necessary approval.
The regulations additionally provide requirements
for the operation of sanitary landfills along with
specific criteria which must be followed for the
closure of sanitary landfills.
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OKLAHOMA WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
Basis: Oklahoma Water Quality Standards, 1976
(adopted in April 1977).
Agency: Oklahoma Water Resources Board.
I. GENERAL STANDARDS
The numerical and descriptive criteria established by
the general standards shall be maintained at all
times, and apply to all waters of the State except
when otherwise exempted by special standards or for
streams when the flow is less than the seven-day,
two-year low flow.
A. Condition or Substance
1. Oil and Grease
2.
Solids (suspended and/
or settleable)
3.
Turbidity (From other
than natural
sources)
Limitations
All waters of the state
shall be maintained free
of oil and grease to pre-
vent a visible film of oil
or grease on or in the
water. Oil or grease shall
not be present in quanti-
ties that adhere to stream
banks and coat the bottom,
or which causes deleteri-
ous effects to the biota.
The waters shall be essen-
tially free of floating
debris, bottom deposits,
scum, foam or other mate-
rials including suspended
substances of a persistent
nature from other than
natural causes.
Warm Water Streams -
_<50 Jackson Units
Warm Water Lakes -
25 Jackson Units
Cold Water Streams -
<10 Jackson Units
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OKLAHOMA WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
I. GENERAL STANDARDS (CONTD.)
Condition or Substance
Color
Coliform Bacteria
(Total)
Fecal Coliform
Limitations
Color producing substances
shall be limited to con-
centrations which will not
be detrimental to the ben-
efical water use.
Public and Private Water
Supplies
£10,000/100 ml
Public and Private Water
Supplies
£2000/100 ml (monthly
arithmetic mean)
Primary Body Contact
£200/100 ml (monthly
geomatric mean) based on
not less than 5 samples
over a 30-day period,
nor shall more than ten
percent of the samples
during any 30-day rs pe-
riod exceed 400/100 ml.
Secondary Body Contact
RecreationWate
£1000/100 ml (monthly
geometric mean) based on
not less than 5 samples
over a 30-day period,
nor shall more than ten
percent of the samples
during any 30-day period
exceed 2000/100 ml.
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OKLAHOMA WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
I. GENERAL STANDARDS (CONTD.)
Condition or Substance
7. Toxic Substance
Limitations
The waters shall be main-
tained so that they will
not be toxic to human,
fish and wild life.
Public and Private Raw
Water Supplies
Toxic substances not
removable by ordinary
water treatment techni-
ques shall not exceed
the limits specified in
the National Interim
Primary Drinking Water
Regulations.
Aquatic Life Water Use
Designation
Concentrations of non-
persistent toxic sub-
stances shall not exceed
0.1 of the 96- hour TLM,
or for persistent toxi-
cants 0.05 of the 96-
hour TLM, for the most
sensitive indigenous
species.
The following substances,
according to the stand-
ards, may have synergistic
effects:
Ammonia, cadmium, hexa-
valent chromium, triva-
lent chromium copper,
cyanide, lead, mercury,
nickel, selenium, silver
and zinc.
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OKLAHOMA WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
I. GENERAL STANDARDS (CONTD.)
Condition or Substance
Limitations
7. Toxic Substance (Contd.)
These substances shall
not be present in con-
centrations to allow the
cumulative relationship
value (CRV) to exceed
the numerical value of
one (1). This CRV is
expressed as follows:
CRV = § + + _%n
La
Lb
Ln
8. Radioactive Materials
9. pH (range)
where Ca, Cb,...Cn are
measured concentrations
of each constituent at
the end of the mixing
zone, and La, Lb,...Ln,
are the respective
maximum permissible
concentrations if each
constituent were present
alone.
There shall be no dis-
charge of radioactive
materials in excess of the
limits established in
"Oklahoma Radiation Pro-
tection Regulations", 1969
or its latest revision.
6.5 - 8.5 (pH values less
than 6.5 or greater than
8.5 must not be due to
waste discharges).
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OKLAHOMA WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
I. GENERAL STANDARDS (CONTD.)
Condition or Substance
10. Temperature
II.
Limitations
Heat shall not be added to
any streams in excess of
the amount that will raise
the temperature of the
receiving water more than
5°F.
The detail standards must
be consulted to determine
the maximum temperature
for specific identified
segments of state water.
SPECIAL STANDARDS
Effluent Dominant Streams (EDS)
An effluent dominant stream is a stream where the ef-
fluent volume is greater than the seven-day,two year low
flow.
Condition or Substance
1. Dissolved Oxygen
(instream)
Limitation
>2.0 mg/1 (throughout
stream length).
Where the EDS joins peren-
nial streams the dissolved
oxygen shall not be less
than 5.0 mg/1 measured at
the end of the mixing
zone.
B. Mixing Zones
For perennial streams, the mixing zone extends down-
stream a distance equivalent to thirteen (13) times the
width of the water at the point of effluent discharge.
1. Dissolved Oxygen
(in mixing zone)
mg/1
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OKLAHOMA WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
III. BENEFICIAL USE DESIGNATIONS
A. Public and Private Water Supplies
B. Emergency Public and Private Water Supplies
C. Fish and Wildlife Propagation
D. Fish and Wildlife Propagation (Water Quality Dependent)
E. Agriculture (Livestock and Irrigation)
F. Hydro-Electric Power Generation
G. Receipt, Transport and Assimilation of Adequately
Treated Wastes
H. Primary Body Contact Recreation
I. Secondary Body Contact Recreation
J. Navigation
K. Aesthetics
L. Small-Mouth Bass Fisheries (Excluding Lake Waters)
M. Trout Fisheries (Put-and-Take)
IV. BENEFICIAL USE LIMITATIONS
A. All streams and bodies of water which are designated as
(a) in the specific water quality standards are pro-
tected by a prohibition of any new point source dis-
charge of wastes, or increased load from an existing
point source beyond the limits imposed by the National
Pollutant Discharge Elimination System permits in effect
at the time of adoption of these standards.
B. An streams designated as (b) and only those streams so
designated are Effluent Dominant Streams.
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OKLAHOMA WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
OTHER REQUIREMENTS (Chapter V, Pollution Remedies)
A. General Permit Requirements (Chapter V, 505.1)
1. A permit from the Oklahoma Water Resources Board is
required prior to any person discharging wastes re-
sulting from any process of industry, manufacturing
trade, processing, or recovery of any natural
resource.
2. Exception
Industries whose wastes are discharged directly to
municipal treatment facilities, or whose waste
discharges are subject to regulation by the Oklahoma
Corporation Commission.
B. Unlined Lagons (Chapter V, 505.4)
1. Permits will not be issued for unlined earthen
lagoons that hold toxic substances or petroleum
products or those located on flood plains.
C. Lagoon Construction (Chapter V, 505.7)
1. All lagoons shall be constructed to prevent the
entrance of run off waters resulting from precipita-
tion .
2. All earthen lagoons shall be constructed with a min-
imum 2:1 side slope and a minimum top width of eight
feet.
3- A free board of three feet shall be maintained on all
lagoons which receive direct rainfall.
D. Guidelines for wastewate'r discharges into intermittent
streams and storm sewers.
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OKLAHOMA WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
V. OTHER REQUIREMENTS (Chapter V, Pollution Remedies) (Contd.)
"The following list contains only the most common toxic
substances and it should not be construed that this list
is complete". (Chapter V, 545.1)
Maximum Effluent
Constituent Concentration in mg/1
1. Ammonia Nitrogen (as N) 2.5
2. Arsenic 0.2
3. Barium ' 5.0
4. Boron 1.0
5. Cadmium 0.03
6. Chromium-Hexavalent 1.0
and/or Trivalent
7. Cobalt 1.0
8. Copper 0.10
9. Cyanide 0.025
10. Fluoride 1.0
11. Lead 0.1
12. Manganese 0. 1
13. Mercury 0.005
14. Nickel 1-0
15. Oil and Grease 15 (essentially free of
floating or emulsifi-
ed oil or grease)
16. pH (range) 6.5 - 10
17. Phenols 0.2
18. Selenium 0.05
19. Silver 0.10
20. Zinc 1.0
21. Deoxygenating Waste (organic)
a. BOD5 40
All treatment works
should reduce the BOD
of raw waste by at
least 85$
b. Suspended Solids 45
22. Dissolved Oxygen (DO) The effluent shall not
cause the DO to be
depressed below 5 mg/1
23- Phosphorus (as P) 1.0
24. Nitrate Nitrogen (as N) 20.0
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OKLAHOMA: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
Agency: Air Quality Service, Environmental Health Services,
State Department of Health
I. General Provisions
A. Definitions
1. "Air Contaminants" means the presence in the outdoor
atmosphere of fumes, aerosol, mist, gas, smoke, vapor,
particulate matter, or any combination thereof which
create a condition of air pollution.
2. "Equivalent Opacity" means the degree to which an
emission, other than gray or black smoke, is partially
or wholly impervious to rays of light and causes
obstruction of an observer's view, expressed as an
equivalent of the obstruction caused by a gray or black
smoke emission of a given density as measured by a
Ringelmann Smoke Chart.
3. "Fuel-Burning Equipment" means the equipment, device,
or contrivance, and all appurtenances thereto,
including ducts, breechings, fuel-feeding equipment,
ash-removal equipment, combustion controls, stacks and
chimneys, used primarily to burn any fuel for the
purpose of indirect heating in which the material being
heated is not contacted by and adds no substance to the
products of combustion.
4. "Particulate Matter" means any material that exists in
a finely divided form as a liquid or a solid.
II. Visible Emission Standards
A. General Prohibition
No person owning or controlling the operation of any air
contaminant source shall willfully, negligently, or through
failure to provide necessary equipment or facilities or to
take necessary precautions permit the emission from such
air contaminant source of such quantities of air
contamination as will cause a condition of air pollution.
B. Maximum Emission
20% opacity or No. 1, Ringlemann Chart (caused by
fumes, aerosol, mist, gas, smoke, vapor, par-
ticulate matter, or any combination thereof)
C. Exceptions
1. Subsection B shall not apply to:
a) Smoke or visible emissions emitted during the
cleaning of a fire, the building of a new fire,
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OKLAHOMA: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
II. Visible Emission Standards (Contd.)
the blowing of soot from boilers, or other
short-term occurrences, the shade or density of
which is not darker than number three of the
Ringelmann Chart or 60 percent opacity for a period
aggregating no more than five minutes in any 60
consecutive minutes and/or no more than 20 minutes
in an 2^-hour period.
b) An emission where the presence of uncombined water
is the only reason for failure to meet the opacity
requirements in this section.
D. Incinerators (Refuse-burning Equipment)
1. Maximum emission or density
No. 1 on Ringelmann Chart (or equivalent opacity)
2. Exceptions
a) Visible emissions consisting of uncombined water
droplets.
b) Smoke, not darker than No. 3 on the Ringelmann
Chart for periods aggregating no more than five
minutes in any hour or more than 20 minutes in any
24 hour period.
III. Standards for Fugitive Dust
A. Definitions
1. "Fugitive Dust" means solid airborne particulate matter
emitted from any source other than a stack or chimney.
B. Standards
1. No person shall cause or permit the handling, trans-
porting or disposition of any substance or material
which is likely to be scattered by the air or wind, or
is susceptible to being airborne, or to operate or
maintain any premise, open area, right-of-way, storage
pile of materials, vehicle, or construction, alteration
or demolition operation, or any other enterprise which
involves any material or substance susceptible to being
airborne that would be classified as air pollution
without taking reasonable precautions or measures to
minimize atmospheric pollution.
2. No person shall cause or permit the discharge of any
visible fugitive dust emissions beyond the property
line on which the emissions originate in such a manner
as to damage or to interfere with the use of adjacent
properties, or cause air quality standards to be exceed-
ed, or interfere with the maintenance of air quality
standards.
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OKLAHOMA: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
III. Standards for Fugitive Dust (Contd.)
3. In areas designated as Air Quality Maintenance Areas
for particulates the Commissioner may require specific
precautions and may include, but shall not be limited
to the following:
a) Use, where possible, of water or chemicals for
control of dust in the demolition of existing
buildings or structures, construction operations,
the grading of roads, driveways and parking lots or
the clearing of land for commercial or industrial
development;
b) Application of water or suitable chemicals or some
other covering on materials stockpiles and other
surfaces which can create airborne dusts under
normal conditions;
c) Installation and use of hoods, fans and dust
collectors to enclose and vent the handling of
dusty materials or the use of water sprays or other
acceptable measures to suppress the dust emission
during handling. Adequate containment methods
shall be employed during sandblasting or other
similar operations;
d) Removal as necessary from paved street and parking
surfaces of earth or other material which have a
tendency to become airborne;
e) The planting and maintenance of vegetative ground
cover as necessary.
IV. Emission Standards for Particulate Matter
A. Fuel Burning Equipment
1. Maximum emission*
for equipment _<10 MM Btu/hr
heat capacity: 0.60 Ib/MM Btu
heat input
for equipment of 100 MM Btu/hr
heat capacity: 0.35 Ib/MM Btu
heat input
for equipment of 1,000 MM
Btu/hr heat capacity: 0.20 Ib/MM Btu
heat input
for equipment MO, 000 MM
Btu/hr heat capacity: 0.10 Ib/MM Btu
heat input
* For extrapolation of values not given between 10 and
10,000 MM Btu/hr heat capacity see Figure 1 of
Regulation No. 6 in the Oklahoma air regulations.
No formula for calculating such values is included
therein.
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OKLAHOMA: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
IV. Emission Standards for Particulate Matter (Contd.)
B. Industrial and Other Processes and Operations
1. Affected facilities: any operation, process, or
activity except fuel-burning equipment and incinerators
(covered in other subsections).
2. Definitions
a) "Process Weight" means the weight of all materials
introduced in a source operation, including solid
fuels, but excluding liquids and gases used solely
as fuels and excluding air introduced for the
purposes of combustion. "Process weight rate"
means a rate established as follows:
i) For continuous or long-run, steady-state
operations, the total process weight for the
entire period of continuous operation or for a
typical portion thereof divided by the number
of hours of such period or portion thereof.
ii) For cyclical or batch source operations, the
total process weight for a period which covers
a complete or an integral number of cycles
divided by the hours of actual process
operation during such period.
3. Maximum emission
use:
for process weight rates
_<60,000 Ib/hr: E= 4.10P0-6'
for process weight rates
>60,000 Ib/hr: E= 55.0P°-1]--40
where (in both cases): E is rate of emission
in Ib/hr; and
P is process weight in
tons/hr.
C. Incinerators
1. Maximum emission
use for refuse charging rates MOO Ib/hr:
Y = 0.01221X-7577
where: X is refuse charging rate in Ib/hr;
Y is allowable emission in Ib/hr
(for <100 Ib/hr refuse charging rate use curve on
Figure 1 of Regulation 5, Oklahoma Air Pollution
Control Regulations)
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,KLAHOMA: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
IV. Emission Standards for Particulate Matter (Contd.)
2. Solid fuels charged shall be considered as part of
refuse weight charged but gaseous fuels and No.'s 1 and
2 fuel oil shall not be so considered.
3. Refuse shall be burned in a multiple chamber type
incinerator (or equally effective approved equipment)
which shall also be equipped with the following:
a) an auxiliary burner for maintaining a temperature
of at least 800°F in the primary combustion
chamber.
b) a secondary burner for use when necessary to
eliminate smoke.
V. Emission Standards for Sulfur Compounds
A. Fuel-burning Equipment
1. Maximum emission of S0y (expresed as SOp)
(values are maximum two-hour average)
a) gas fired: 0.2 Ib/MM Btu heat input
b) liquid fired: 0.8 Ib/MM Btu heat input
c) solid fired: 1.2 Ib/MM Btu heat input
d) solid and liquid fuels burned simultaneously - use:
E = Y(0.80)+Z(1.2)
Y+Z
where: E is the maximum rate of emission,
Ib/MM Btu heat input (two hour
average)
Y is the % of total heat input from
liquid fuel; and
Z is the % of total heat input from
solid fuel
B. Sulfur Recovery Plants
1. Maximum emission of S0y (expressed as SO?)
natural gas processing: 100 Ib/hr, maximum
(in conjunction with) two-hour average; but not more
than 20 Ib/T of sulfur pro-
cessed, maximum two hour
average.
other processes: 20 Ib/T of sulfur processed,
(in conjunction with) maximum two-hour average.
C» Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) Standards
1. Petroleum and Natural Gas Processes
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OKLAHOMA: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
V. Emission Standards for Sulfur Compounds (Contd.)
a) Standards. Emission of f^S to the atmosphere
shall be prohibited without removal of the H2S
from the exhaust gas or oxidation of the f^S
to S02 in a system insuring complete oxidation
of the H2 at all times and with discharge then
being from a stack at least 50 feet in height .
Both removal and/or oxidation systems shall meet
the following requirements:
i) 0.3 Ib/hr maximum emission of HpS,
two-hour average; and
ii) 95% removal of H2S in the exhaust gas
b) A system for direct oxidation of H2S to
S02 as mentioned in C.I. a. which would allow in
excess of 100 Ib/hr of SOX (expressed as
S02)» two-hour average, shall not be allowed
unless there is a prior removal step (meeting the
SOX limitations of B.I. herein).
VI. Emission Standards for Nitrogen Oxides (NOX)
A. Fuel Burning Equipment
1. Affected facilities: installations with rated heat
inputs of 50 MM Btu/hr or more.
2. Maximum emissions (N0y_expressed as NOg)
Gas fired: 0.20 Ib/MM Btu heat input, 2 hr. average
Liquid fired: 0.30 Ib/MM Btu heat input, 2 hr . average
Solid fossil fuel fired: 0.701b/MM Btu heat input,
2 hr . average
VII. Emission Standards for Carbon Monoxide (CO)
4
A. Emissions of CO from any petroleum or natural gas process
shall be reduced by use of complete secondary combustion of
the waste gas generated. Removal of 93% or more of the CO
generated will be considered complete secondary combustion.
VIII. Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Contaminants
A. Definitions
1. "Hazardous air contaminants" means those air pollutants
defined as "hazardous air pollutants" in Section 112 of
the U. S. Clean Air Act as amended December 1970 and
any smoke, dust, noxious or obnoxious acids, fumes,
oxides, gases, mists, vapors, or other solid, liquid,
or gaseous matter which, when emitted into the atmos-
phere in concentrations allowed for other air
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OKLAHOMA: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
VIII. Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Contaminants
contaminants, are still capable of injuring human,
plant, or animal life or causing damage to property
(therefore more harmful than ordinary dusts or
particulate matter).
B. Emission Standards
The "National Hazardous Pollutant Emission Standards" as
published by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency are
adopted by reference and incorporated herein (40CFR, Part
61). Of these incorporated standards, those for mercury
emissions and beryllium emissions are relevant to this
project. A synopsis of the Federal hazardous pollutant
regulation for mercury and beryllium may be found in the
Federal EPA Regulations and Standards part of this report.
IX. Standards for Organic Materials
A. Definitions
1. "Air pollution" is the presence in the outdoor atmos-
phere of one or more air contaminants in sufficient
quantities and of such characteristics and duration as
tend to or may be injurious to human, plant or animal
life or to property, or which interferes with the com-
fortable enjoyment of life and property, excluding,
however, all conditions pertaining to employer-employee
relations.
2. "Effluent water separator" means any tank, box, sump
or other container in which any material compound
floating on or entrained or contained in water entering
such tank, box, sump or other container is physically
separated and removed from such water prior to outfall,
drainage or recovery of such water.
3. "Organic materials" mean's chemical compounds of carbon
excluding carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, carbonic
acid, metallic carbides, metallic carbonates, and
ammonium carbonate.
B. Storage
1. It shall be prohibited to build, install, or permit the
building or installation of any stationary tank,
reservoir or other container of more than 40,000
gallons capacity which will be used for storage of any
organic materials unless such tank, reservoir or other
container is to be a pressure tank capable of
maintaining working pressures sufficient at all times
to- prevent organic vapor or gas loss to the atmosphere
or is designed and equipped with one of the following
vapor-loss control devices:
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OKLAHOMA: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
IX. Standards for Organic Materials (Contd.)
a) a floating roof, consisting of pontoon type,
internal floating cover or double-deck type roof,
which will rest on the surface of the liquid
contents and be equipped with a closure seal, or
seals, to close the space between the roof edge and
tank wall. Such floating roofs shall not be appro-
priate control devices if the organic materials
have a vapor pressure of 11 psia or greater under
actual conditions. All gauging and sampling
devices shall be gas-tight except when gauging or
sampling is taking place; or
b) a vapor-recovery system consisting of a vapor-
gathering system capable of collecting 85 percent
or more of the uncontrolled organic material that
would otherwise be emitted to the atmosphere; .and
vapor-disposal system capable of processing such
organic material so as to prevent its emission to
the atmosphere; and with all tank gauging and
sampling devices gas-tight except when gauging or
sampling is taking place; or
c) other equipment or means of equal efficiency for
purposes of air pollution control as may be
approved by the Commissioner of Health.
2. No person shall build, install, or permit the building
or installation of a stationary organic material
storage tank with a capacity of 250 gallons or more
unless such tank is equipped with a permanent submerged
fill pipe or with an organic material vapor-recovery
system as required in subsection B.I. above.
C. Loading Facilities
1. Loading facilities with through-put of greater than
^0,000 gallons/day: No person shall build, install or
permit the building or installation of a stationary
organic material loading facility having a through-put
greater than 40,000 gallons per day from its aggregate
loading pipes unless such loading facility is equipped
with a vapor collection and disposal system or is of
the bottom loading type with closed hatches.
a) When loading in a vapor collection and disposal
system is to be effected through the hatches of a
tank truck or trailer with a loading arm equipped
with a vapor- collecting adaptor, pneumatic,
hydraulic or other mechanical means shall be
provided to force a vapor- tight seal between the
adaptor and the hatch.
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OKLAHOMA; STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
IX. Standards for Organic Material (Contd.)
b) Means shall be provided in either system above to
prevent organic material drainage from the loading
device as it is removed from any tank truck or
trailer or to accomplish complete drainage before
removal.
c) When loading is to be effected through means other
than hatches, all loading and vapor lines shall be
equipped with fittings which make vapor-tight
connections and either must be closed when
disconnected or close automatically when
disconnected.
d) The vapor-disposal portion of the system shall
consist of the following:
i) a vapor-liquid absorber system with a minimum
recovery efficiency of 90 percent by weight (of
all the organic material vapors and gases
entering such disposal system); or
ii) a variable-vapor-space tank, compressor, and
fuel gas system of sufficient capacity to
receive all organic material vapors and gases
displaced from the tank trucks and trailers
when loaded.
2. Loading facilities with through-put equal to or less
than 40,000 gallons per day: No person shall build,
install, or permit the building or installation of a
stationary organic material loading facility having a
through-put of 40,000 gallons per day or less from its
aggregate loading pipes unless each is equipped with a
system for submerged filling of tank trucks or trailers
and to operate in such a manner that a 97 percent
submergence factor is maintained. This subsection C.2.
shall apply to any facility which loads organic
materials into any tank truck or trailer designed for
transporting organic materials and having a capacity in
excess of 200 gallons.
D. Effluent Water Separators
It shall be prohibited to build, install, or permit the
building or installation of a single or multiple compart-
ment organic material water separator which receives ef-
fluent water containing 200 gallons a day or more of any
organic material from any equipment processing, refining,
treating, storing or handling organic materials unless the
compartment receiving said effluent water is equipped with
one of the following vapor-loss control devices:
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OKLAHOMA: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
IX. Standards for Organic Material (Contd.)
1. A container having all openings sealed and totally
enclosing the liquid contents. All gauging and sampl-
ing devices shall be gas-tight except when gauging or
sampling is taking place. The oil removal devices
shall be gas-tight except when manual skimming,
inspection and/or repair is in progress; or
2. A container equipped with a floating roof consisting of
a pontoon type, double-deck type roof or internal
floating cover, which will rest on the surface of the
contents and be equipped with a closure seal or seals
to close the space between the roof edge and container
wall. All gauging and sampling devices shall be
gas-tight except when gauging or sampling is taking
place. The oil removal devices shall be gas-tight
except when manual skimming, inspection and/or repair
is in progress; or
3. A container equipped with a vapor-recovery system con-
sisting of a vapor gathering system capable of collect-
ing the organic material vapors and gases discharged
and a vapor disposal system capable of processing such
organic material vapors and gases so as to prevent
their emission to the atmosphere. All tank gauging and
sampling devices shall be gas-tight except when gauging
or sampling is taking place. The organic material
removal devices shall be gas-tight except when manual
skimming, inspection and/or repair is in progress; or
4. Containers equipped with controls of equal efficiency
provided such equipment has prior approval by the
Commissioner of Health.
E. Pumps and Compressors
It shall be prohibited to build, install, or permit the
building or installation of any pump or compressor handling
organic material compounds unless rotating pumps and com-
pressors are equipped with mechanical seals or other equip-
ment of equal efficiency and reciprocating pumps and com-
pressors are equipped with packing glands properly installed
such that the emissions from the drain recovery system are
limited to two cubic inches of liquid organic material in
any 15 minute period at standard conditions per pump or
compressor.
'338
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OKLAHOMA: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
IX. Standards for Organic Materials (Contd.)
F. Waste Gas Disposal
Except where inconsistent with the "Minimum Federal Safety
Standards for the Transportation of Natural and Other Gas
by Pipeline" or any other State of Oklahoma environmental
regulations, it shall be prohibited to emit organic gases
to the atmosphere from a vapor recovery blow-down system
unless these gases are burned by smokeless flares or
equally effective control device as may be approved by the
Commissioner of Health.
G. Fuel-Burning and Refuse-Burning Equipment
It shall be prohibited to cause or allow the emission of
organic materials from any fuel-burning or refuse-burning
equipment. All such equipment shall be operated so as to
minimize such emissions; among other things, such operation
shall assure that the equipment is not overloaded, that it
is properly maintained, and that temperature and available
air are sufficient to provide essentially complete
combustion.
H. Exemptions
Organic materials as used in subsections B. through G.
above will not include:
1. Methane (CHjj) or any material otherwise included
which has a vapor pressure of less than 1.5 pounds per
square inch absolute under actual storage conditions.
X. Standards for Organic Solvents
A. Definitions
1. "Organic solvents" means organic materials including
diluents and thinners which are liquids at standard
conditions and which are used as dissolvers, viscosity
reducers or cleaning agents, except that such materials
which exhibit a boiling point higher than 220°F at 0.5
millimeter of mercury absolute pressure or having an
equivalent vapor pressure shall not be considered to be
solvents unless exposed to temperatures exceeding
220°F.
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OKLAHOMA: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
X. Standards for Organic Solvents (Contd.)
2. "Photochemically reactive solvent" means any
solvent with an aggregate of more than 20 percent
of its total volume composed of the chemical
compounds classified below or which exceeds any of
the following individual percentage composition
limitations, referred to the total volume of
solvent:
a) a combination of hydrocarbons, alchols, aldehydes,
esters, ethers, or ketones having an olefinic or
cyclo-olefinic type of unsaturation: 5%;
b) a combination of aromatic compounds with either
eight or more carbon atoms to the molecule except
ethylbenzene: 8%;
c) a combination of ethylbenzene, ketones having
branched hydrocarbon structures, trichloroethylene
or toluene: 2Q%.
B. Heat Drying
It shall be prohibited to cause or allow the discharge into
the atmosphere of more than 15 pounds of organic materials
in any one day or more than 3 pounds in any one hour from
any article, machine, equipment or other contrivance in
which any organic solvent or any material containing or-
ganic solvent comes into contact with flame or is heat
cured, or heat polymerized in the presence of oxygen,
except as provided in subsections E. and F. below.
C. Other Solvent Uses
It shall be prohibited to cause or allow the discharge into
the atmosphere of more than 40 pounds of organic materials
in any one day or more than 8 pounds in any one hour from
any article, machine, equipment or other contrivance for
employing, applying, evaporating or drying any photo-
chemically reactive solvent or material containing such
photochemically reactive solvent except as provided in
subsection E. and F. below. Emissions resulting from
heat curing or heat polymerizing as described in
subsection B. shall be excluded from determination of
compliance with this subsection.
D. Use of Non-reactive Solvents
It shall be prohibited to discharge into the atmosphere
more than 3,000 pounds of organic materials in any one
day or more than 450 pounds in any one hour from any
article, machines, equipment or other contrivance in which
any non-photochemically reactive organic solvent or any
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OKLAHOMA: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
X. Standards for Organic Solvents (Contd.)
material containing such solvent is employed or applied
unless said discharge has been reduced by at least 85
percent. Emissions resulting from heat curing or heat
polymerizing as described in subsection B. shall be
excluded from determination of compliance with this
subsection D.
E. Alternate Standard
Emissions in excess of those permitted by subsections B.
and C. above are allowable if both the following
conditions are met:
1. Emissions that would result in the absence of control
are reduced by:
a) 90$, by incineration; or
b) 85%, by absorption or other process of equivalent
reliability and effectiveness; and
2. No air pollution as defined in section IX results.
F, Exceptions
The provisions of subsections B. through D. above shall
not apply to:
1. The use of a non-photochemically reactive solvent as
defined and published by the Commissioner of Health.
(All organic materials as defined in this regulation
have been found to be reactive to a certain degree.
Substitution of certain quantities of non-reactive
solvents allowed in subsections B.-D. above based on
comparisons of reactivity of the various organic
compounds may be approved by the Commissioner.)
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OKLAHOMA SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT RULES AND REGULATIONS
Basis:
Agency:
Note:
Title 63, O.S. 1971, Sec. 2251-2265, Rules and
Regulations, Oklahoma Department of Health
Bulletin No. 0524 (July 1973)
Oklahoma State Department of Health, Environmental
Health Services Sanitation Division, Solid Waste
Management Section.
1. Some of the solid waste regulations are being
revised and rewritten.
2. There are no specific regulations which are
directly applicable to the coal procesing
industry.
3. The Oklahoma State Department of Health
Sanitation Service, Solid Waste Management
Division has published Guideline #2, Sanitary
Landfill Standards Compliance and Reasons.
This guideline details what would be
considered as compliance with the regulation.
4. A permit is required for a solid waste
disposal site other than a person disposing of
his own solid waste upon his own land so long
as such disposal does not create a nuisance or
a hazard to public health.
I. Disposal of Hazardous Waste
waste)
(other than radioactive
A. Approval of Site
1. No hazardous wastes shall be deposited in a solid
waste disposal site unless the facility has been
approved for the disposal of hazardous waste.
B. Lining for Solid Waste Disposal Site
1. An impervious lining or membrane may be required by
the Department. The plans and specifications for
such a lining must be approved by the Department
prior to installation or use.
2. The use of natural or specific clays to develop any
necessary lining is permitted providing:
a. that the lining is at least 5 feet thick, and
b. that the permeability index is no greater than
1 fl~0 nm / _
cm/sec.
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OKLAHOMA SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT RULES AND REGULATIONS
I. Disposal of Hazardous Waste (Contd.)
C. Standards
1. Soil Characteristics
a. The soil shall meet the classification of a clay
consisting of no more than JQ% of particles
larger than 0.002 millimeters. The soils shall
be of inorganic nature and origin.
b. The permeability shall be no greater than
ID'6 cm/sec. (0.0014 in/hr.)
c. The testing for permeability shall be done on
samples taken at each 10 feet vertical depth,
and performed according to the latest ASTM
procedure or equivalent.
D. Security
1. All sites where hazardous wastes are accepted shall
be provided with high-security type fencing with
locking gates.
2. Adequate signs of a permanent weather-proof type
shall be permanently posted.
a. One sign giving the name of the site and
listing or describing the materials or classes
of materials which may be disposed of at the
site.
b. Signs around the parimeter, such signs shall
describe the site or facility use and provide a
warning for unauthorized entrance.
3. Unloading shall be controlled so as not to produce
hazardous air-borne contamination.
4. Monitoring of the Site
a. Monitoring procedures shall be developed as
required by the Department in regard to
possible ground water, surface water and air
contamination.
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OKLAHOMA SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT RULES AND REGULATIONS
II. Definitions
A. "Solid waste" means all putrescible and non-putresoible
refuse in solid or serai solid form including, but not
limited to, garbage, rubbish, ashes or incinerator
residue....construction wastes, solid or semi solid
commercial and industrial wastes and hazardous wastes
including explosives, pathological wastes, herbicide
and pesticide wastes.
B. "Disposal site" means any place at which solid waste is
dumped, abandoned, 'accepted or disposed of by
incineration, land filling, composting or any other
method.
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PENNSYLVANIA WATER QUALITY
Basis: Title 25, Rules and Regulations, Article II, Water
Resources, Chapter 95, Waste Water Treatment Requirements
and Chapter 97, Industrial Wastes, Chapter 100, Mine
Resources Management
Agency: Department of the Environment
I. WASTE WATER TREATMENT REQUIREMENTS (Article II, Chapter 95)
A. General Requirements
1. Specific treatment requirements shall be determined for
each waste discharge.
2. Any industrial, public or private project or develop-
ment which would constitute a new source of pollution
or an increased source of pollution to high quality
waters shall be required to provide the highest and
best practicable means of waste treatment.
B. Treatment for Bio-degradable Wastes
1. All bio-degradable wastes shall be given a minimum of
secondary treatment or its equivalent for industrial
wastes.
2. Secondary treatment is that treatment which shall
accomplish the following:
a. Reduce the organic waste load as measured by the
biochemical oxygen demand test by at least 85%
during May 1 to October 31, and at least 75% during
remainder of the year based on 5 conservative days
average of values.
b. Remove practically all of the suspended solids.
c. Provide effective disinfection to control disease
producing organisms.
d. Provide satisfactory disposal of sludge.
e. Reduce the quantities of oils, greases, acids,
alkalis, toxic, taste and odor producing substances,
color and other substances harmful to the public
interest to levels which shall not pollute the
receiving stream.
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PENNSYLVANIA WATER QUALITY
I. WASTE WATER TREATMENT REQUIREMENTS (Article 11, Chapter 95)
(CONTD.)
C. Treatment for Non-Bio-Degradable Wastes
1. An equivalent of the treatment as specified in 2 above
shall be required for non-bio-degradable wastes. Where
specific requirements are not made available they shall
be determined on an individual basis.
D. Effective Disinfection
1. Effective disinfection shall be the production of an
effluent which will contain a concentration not greater
than 200/100 ml fecal coliforms as a geometric average
value nor greater than 1000 ml/100 ml in more than 10%
of the samples tested.
II. INDUSTRIAL WASTES (Article II, Chapter 97)
A. Degree of Treatment Required
1, In issuing orders for the abatement or treatment of
polluting wastes, the Department shall set forth the
degree of treatment required in terms of the treatment
of sewage and shall specify that in the case of indus-
trial wastes they shall be given equivalent treatment.
B. Mineral Preparation
1. Coal Washeries
a. Operators of all coal washeries, whether a closed
system or not, shall submit an application and plans
to secure a permit prior to operation of the
facilities.
2. Discharge to surface waters
a. Wastes discharges to surface waters from mineral
preparation, handling or processing plants shall
meet the following standards:
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PENNSYLVANIA WATER QUALITY
II. INDUSTRIAL WASTES (Article II, Chapter 97) (CONTD.)
Substance Limitation
Suspended Solids <200 mg/1
Acid Wastes No discharge
pH (range) 6.0 - 9-0
Dissolved Iron 7.0 mg/1
b. When surface waters are used in the mineral prepara-
tion plant, the quality of the effluent need not ex-
ceed the quality of raw water supply (depending upon
location of raw water supply) if the source of raw
water supply would normally drain to the point of
effluent discharge.
3. Discharges to Underground Waters.
a. Waste discharges to underground waters shall meet
one of the following conditions:
(1). The quality standards set forth in a (2), (3),
(4) above.
(2). That the wastes shall be discharged in accord-
ance with Underground Disposal as shown below
in C.
4. Drainage from Active Mineral Refuse.
a. Drainage from active mineral refuse piles, mineral
stockpiles and related facilities (other than
seasonal surface runoff caused by precipitation on
the refuse and stockpiles) shall meet the quality
standards as shown in B.2. above (Discharge to
Surface Waters).
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PENNSYLVANIA WATER QUALITY
II. INDUSTRIAL WASTES (Article II, Chapter 97KCONTD.)
5. Disposal of Solids from Water-Born Wastes.
a. Disposal of solids which are removed from waterborn
wastes shall be such that they are not washed, con-
veyed or otherwise deposited into the surface waters
of the state.
C. Underground Disposal
1. Potential Pollution
a. The disposal of wastes, including storm water run-
off, into the underground is considered as potential
pollution unless the disposal is close enough to the
surface so that the wastes will be absorbed in the
soil and acted upon by naturally present bacteria
before reaching the underground or surface waters.
2. Discharge into Mines
a. Discharge of inadequately treated wastes, except
coal fines, into the underground workings of an
active or abandoned mine shall be prohibited.
3. Discharge into Abandoned Wells
a. Discharge of wastes into abandoned wells shall be
prohibited.
*J. Disposal in Underground Horizons
a. Only allowed when it can be shown to the Department
that it is improbable that the disposal would result
in any pollution.
D. Heat Pollution
1. Prohibition
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PENNSYLVANIA WATER QUALITY
II. INDUSTRIAL WASTES (Article II, Chapter 97) (CONTD.)
a. The temperature of the waters of the state shall not
be artifically increased in amounts which shall be
injurious to public health or animals or aquatic
life or prevent the use of the water for its in-
tended purpose.
2. Allowable Discharges
a. The heat content of discharges shall be limited so
as not to raise the temperature of the entire stream
at the point of discharge 5°F above ambient tempera-
ture or a maximum of 87°F which ever is less, nor
change the temperature by more than 2°F during any
one-hour period, assuming complete mixing.
E. Other Wastes
1. Phenolic Wastes
a. Phenolic wastes, comprising phenols, creosols, tar
acids and similar taste-and odor producing sub-
stances shall be COMPLETELY eliminated from waste-
waters discharged or permitted to flow into the Ohio
River and its tributaries within the state.
2. Oil-bearing Wastewaters
a. Wastewaters shall show no more than a slight irides-
cence and shall at no time contain more than 30 ppm
of oil.
3. Cyanides
a. There shall, under no circumstances, be no dis-
charge, in any amount, of cyanides or other cyanogen
compounds into the waters of the state.
III. MINE RESOURCES MANAGEMENT (Article II, Chapter 100)
A. Definitions
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PENNSYLVANIA WATER QUALITY
III. MINE RESOURCES MANAGEMENT (Article II, Chapter 100) (CONTD.)
1. "Coke Refuse" - means any waste coal, rock, shale,
slurry, any related materials associated with or near a
coal seam, which are either brought above ground or
otherwise removed from a coal mine in the process of
mining coal, or which are separated from coal during
the cleaning or preparation operations.
2. "Coal Refuse Disposal Pile" - means any general area or
plot of land used as a place for dumping, storage or
disposal of coal refuse.
3. "Coal Refuse Disposal Pile" - means any deposit of coal
refuse on or buried in the earth and intended as perma-
nent disposal of or long-term storage of such material,
but not including coal refuse deposited within amine
itself or coal refuse never removed from a mine. Con-
tinuous deposits of coal refuse shall be considered as
a single coal refuse disposal pile.
4. "Buffer Zone" - means land surrounding the immediate
perimeter of a coal refuse disposal area upon which no
refuse will be deposited and will therefore be avail-
able for access, the construction of diversion and
collection catches, sedimentation ponds and such other
uses as may arise in the operation of the area.
B. General Requirements
1. Permit is required to establish or operate a coal
refuse disposal area or enter upon an abandoned coal
refuse disposal area for the purpose of disposal of
coal refuse.
C. Prevention and Control of Water Pollution
1. Runoff from the top of the coal refuse disposal pile
shall not be allowed to discharge freely onto the
slopes. Diversion facilities shall be constructed to
allow the controlled flow of the runoff. The top of
the pile shall be graded with shallow slopes falling
away from the edge to concentrate the runoff in these
diversion facilities.
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PENNSYLVANIA WATER QUALITY
III. MINE RESOURCES MANAGEMENT (Article II, Chapter 100) (CONTD.)
2. Water runoff from the adjacent area shall be directed
away from the coal refuse pile.
3. The following requirements must be met to insure the
stability of the coal refuse disposal area.
a. Impoundments shall not be located on coal refuse
disposal areas except as approved by the
Department.
b. A minimum clear space of 50 feet shall be provided
from the outer perimeter of any coal refuse pile
unless otherwise approved.
c. Coal refuse may not be deposited in layers exceeding
two feet in depth.
d. Slopes of coal refuse disposal piles shall not ex-
ceed 15 per cent or 9 degrees. The maximum slope to
be approved, in any case, shall not exceed 33 per-
cent or 18 degrees.
e. The height shall be limited and other measures taken
as necessary to insure the stability of the slopes.
f. The maximum height of new coal refuse disposal piles
shall be limited to 100 feet above the average area
elevation except as otherwise approved.
D. Operating Requirements
1. Even though the department has regulations governing
the operation of coal refuse disposal areas these
regulations are not set .forth because they are appli-
cable to the day to day operation of the refuse area
and provide no additional design criteria.
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PENNSYLVANIA: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
Agency: Department of Environmental Resources
I. General Provisions
A. Definitions
1. "Air basin" means a geographic area of the Commonwealth
of Pennsylvania as further delineated by component
political subdivisions in the Pennsylvania air
regulations.
2. "Combustion unit" means any stationary equipment used
to burn fuel primarily for the purpose of producing
power or producing heat by indirect heat transfer.
3. "Fugitive air contaminant" means any air contaminant
emitted into the outdoor atmosphere in any manner other
than through a flue.
4. "Process" means any method, reaction, or operation
wherein materials are handled or whereby materials
undergo physical change or chemical change. A process
includes all of the equipment and facilities necessary
for the completion of the transformation of the
materials to produce a physical or chemical change.
5. "Volatile organic compound" means any compound contain-
ing carbon and hydrogen or containing carbon and hydro-
gen in combination with any other element and which has
a vapor pressure of at least 1.5 psia under actual
storage conditions.
II. Visible Emission Standards
A. Maximum Emission
1. Opacity shall not be 20% or greater for a period or
periods aggregating more than 3 minutes/hr; and
2. shall not be 60$ or greater at anytime.
B. Exceptions
1. The limitations of A. above shall not apply when the
presence of uncombined water is the only reason for
failure of the emission to meet such limitations.
2. The limitations of A. above shall not apply to emis-
sions from sources specified in III.A.1. herein
(relating to fugitive dust).
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PENNSYLVANIA: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
III. Standards for Fugitive Air Contaminants and Fugitive
Particulates
A. Fugitive Air Contaminants
1. It shall be prohibited to cause or allow emission into
the atmosphere of any fugitive air contaminant from any
source except from:
a) Construction or demolition of buildings or structure
b) Grading, paving and maintenance of roads and
streets.
c) Use of roads and streets. (Emissions from material
in or on trucks, railroad cars and other vehicular
equipment shall not be considered as emissions from
use of roads and streets).
d) Stockpiling of materials.
e) Other sources determined by the Department to be of
minor significance with respect to the achievement
and maintenance of ambient air quality standards or
with respect to causing air pollution.
2. Reasonable actions to prevent particulate matter from
becoming airborne shall be taken by any person responsi-
ble for a source listed in A.1.a)-e). Such actions
shall include, but not be limited to, the following:
a) Use, where possible, of water or chemicals for con-
trol of dust in the demolition of buildings or struc-
tures, construction operations, the grading of roads
or the clearing of land.
b) Application of asphalt, oil, water or suitable
chemicals on dirt roads, material stockpiles, and
other surfaces which can give rise to airborne
dusts.
c) The paving and maintenance of roadways.
d) The prompt removal of earth or other material from
paved streets onto which earth or other material has
been transported by trucking or earth moving equip-
ment, erosion by water, or other means.
B. Fugitive Particulate Matter
1. It shall be prohibited to cause or allow fugitive
particulate matter to be emitted from any of the
sources specified in A.1.a)-e) above if such emissions
are either:
a) visible, at any time, at the point such emissions
pass outside the source property line, irrespective
of the concentration of particulate matter; or
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PENNSYLVANIA; STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
III. Standards for Fugitive Air Contaminants (Contd.)
b) not visible where such emissions pass outside the
source property line, but the average concentration
above background of three samples of such emissions
at any point outside property line exceeds 150
particles per cubic centimeter.
IV. Emission Standards for Particulate Matter
A. Fuel Burning Equipment (Combustion Units)
1. Maximum Emissions (Ib. of particulates)
for heat input >2.5 MM Btu/hr <50 MM Btu/hr:
0.4 Ib/MM Btu of heat input
for heat input ^50 MM Btu/hr <600 MM Btu/hr:
use: A = 3.6E-°-56
where: A = allowable emissions in Ibs/MM Btu of heat
input; and
E = heat input in MM Btu/hr to the combustion
unit
for heat input ^600 MM Btu/hr:
0.1 Ib/MM Btu of heat input
B. Incinerators
1. Maximum Concentration in Effluent Gas
0.1 gr/DSCF of effluent gas, corrected to 12$ C02
C. Processes (Other than Incinerators and Fuel Burning
Equipment)
1. General: All sources not listed in C.2. below
a) Maximum Emission
for effluent gas rates of <150,000 DSCFM:
0.04 gr/DSCF effluent gas
for effluent gas rates of XL50,000 DSCFM <300,000
DSCFM:
use: A = 6000E~1
where: A = Allowable emissions in gr/DSCF; and
E = Effluent gas flow rate in DSCFM
for effluent gas rates of >300,000 DSCFM:
0.02 gr/DSCF
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PENNSYLVANIA: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
IV. Emission Standards for Particulate Matter (Contd.)
2. Specified Processes
a) This subsection is applicable only to the following
processes :
i) Crushers, grinders, or screens (20 Ib/T of
feed, Process Factor F)
ii) Coal drying (2 Ib/T of product, Process
Factor F)
iii) Coal dry-cleaning (2 Ib/T of product, Process
Factor F)
iv) Petroleum refining; catalytic cracking (40
Ib/T of liquid feed, Process Factor F)
b) Maximum Emissions
Use the greater of 0.02 gr/DSCF concentration in
effluent gas or:
A = 0.76E °-42
where: E = F(W) in Ib/hr (Emission Index);
F = Process Factor in Ibs/T (value and
relevant stream in subsection 2.
above); and
W = Charging or Production Rate in
T/hr (consistent with relevant
stream for F)
V. Emission Standards for Sulfur Oxides (SOX)
A. General
1. Affected facilities: This subsection A. applies to all
sources except those subject to other subsections of
this section V. or these air regulations with respect
to control of sulfur compound and sulfur oxide
emissions.
2. SOY Emission Standard
500 ppm (by vol., dry), maximum SOX
concentration (expressed as SC^) in effluent
gas
B. Combustion Units - General
1. Affected facilities: This subsection B. applies to all
combustion units in all the Pennsylvania air basins
except for sources covered by subsection C. of this
section.
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PENNSYLVANIA; STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
V. Emission Standards for Sulfur Oxides (SOX) (Contd.)
2. Maximum Emissions (SOX, expressed as S0_g)
a) _< 2.5 MM Btu/hr of heat input:
4.0 Ib/MM Btu of heat input
b) > 2.5 MM Btu/hr <50 MM Btu/hr of heat input:
3.0 Ib/MM Btu of heat input
c) > 50 MM Btu/hr <2000 MM Btu/hr of heat input:
use: A = 5.1E-°-14
where: A is allowable emissions in Ib/MM
Btu of heat input; and
. E is heat input to the combustion
unit in MM Btu/hr
d) J> 2000 MM Btu/hr of heat input:
1.8 Ib/MM Btu of heat input
C. Combustion Units - Specified Air Basins
1. Affected facilities: This subsection C. applies to all
combustion units in the Allegheny County, Beaver Valley
Monongahela Valley, and Southeast Pennsylvania air
basins.
2. Maximum Emissions (SOX. expressed as SOp)
a) > 2.5 MM Btu/hr 50 MM Btu/hr of heat input:
1.0 Ib/MM Btu of heat input
b) 2 50 MM Btu/hr < 2000 MM Btu/hr of heat input:
use: A = 1.7E-°-14
where: A and E are as defined in B. 2. c)
above.
c) 2. 2000 MM Btu/hr of heat input:
0.6 Ib/MM Btu of heat input
D. Sulfur Recovery Plants
The maximum allowable emission rate to the atmosphere for
sulfur oxides, expressed as SC>2» shall be determined by
the formula:
A = 0.32E-°-5
where: A = allowable emissions in Ibs of SO^
(as S02)/lb of sulfur compounds (as
S) in the feed gases; and
E = recovery plant rating in long tons of
S/day.
VI. Odorous Emission Standards
A. It shall be prohibited to cause or allow emissions of
hydrogen sulfide (F^S) or mercaptans into the
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PENNSYLVANIA: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
VI. Odorous Emission Standards (Contd.)
atmosphere without incinerating such gases or vapors at
1200°F (minimum) for at least 0.3 seconds before emission.
B. Alternate methods to incineration as specified in A. above
may be used if it is shown to the satisfaction of the
Department that such techniques are at least as effective
as such incineration in controlling odorous emissions.
C. It shall be prohibited to emit from any source whatsoever,
regardless of compliance with subsection A, malodorous air
contaminants such that odor or odors are detectable beyond
the property line of the emission source.
VII. Standards for Organic Compounds
A. Affected facilities: All sources within the Allegheny
County, Beaver Valley, Monohgahela Valley and Southeast
Pennsylvania air basins.
B. General. Techniques other than those specified in sub-
sections C. , D., E., and F. below may be used to comply
with the requirements of these subsections if shown to the
satisfaction of the Department to be equivalent to or
better than the techniques specified therein with respect
to control of organic emissions.
C. Storage
1. It shall be prohibited to place, store, or hold in any
stationary tank, reservoir or other container rated at
more than 40,000 gallons any volatile organic compounds
unless such tank, reservoir, or other container is a
pressure tank capable of maintaining working pressures
sufficient at all times to prevent vapor or gas loss to
the atmosphere or is designed and equipped with one of
the following vapor loss control devices:
a) A floating roof, consisting of a pontoon type roof,
double deck type roof or internal floating cover,
which shall rest on the surface of the liquid
contents and be equipped with a closure seal or
seals to close the space between the roof edge and
tank wall. This control equipment shall not be
permitted if the volatile organic compounds have a
vapor pressure of 11.0 PSIA or greater under actual
storage conditions. All tank gauging or sampling
devices shall be gas-tight except when gauging or
sampling is taking place.
b) A vapor recovery system, consisting of a vapor
gathering system capable of collecting the volatile
organic compound vapors and gases discharged and a
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PENNSYLVANIA; STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
VII. Standards for Organic Compounds (Contd.)
vapor disposal system capable of processing such
volatile organic vapors and gases so as to prevent
their emission to the atmosphere. All tank gauging
and sampling devices shall be gas-tight except when
guaging or sampling is taking place.
D. Loading Facilities
1. It shall be prohibited to cause or allow the loading of
any volatile organic compound into any vehicular tank
rated at more than 200 gallons from any loading faci-
lity which loads 20,000 or more gallons in any one day
unless such loading facility is equipped with a vapor
collection and disposal system as described in sub-
section C.l.b) above.
2. It shall be prohibited to cause or allow the loading of
any volatile organic compound into any vehicular tank
rated at more than 200 gallons from any loading faci-
lity which loads 20,000 or more gallons in any one day
unless such loading facility is equipped with a loading
arm with a vapor collection adaptor and pneumatic, hy-
draulic, or other mechanical means to force a vapor-
tight seal between the adaptor and the hatch of the
tank. A means shall be provided to prevent liquid
organic compounds drainage from the loading device when
it is not connected to the hatch, or to accomplish
complete drainage before such removal. When loading is
effected through means other than hatches, all loading
and vapor lines shall be equipped with fittings which
make vapor-tight connections and which close
automatically when disconnected.
E. Pumps and Compressors
1. All pumps and compressors handling volatile organic
compounds shall have mechanical seals.
F. Water Separators
1. It shall be prohibited to cause or allow the use of any
compartment of any single or multiple compartment
volatile organic compound water separator which com-
partment received effluent water containing 200 gallons
a day or more of any volatile organic compound from anv
equipment processing, refining, treating, storing, Or
handling volatile organic compounds consisting of
kerosene or more volatile organic materials, unless
such compartment is equipped with one of the following
vapor loss control devices: K
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PENNSYLVANIA: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
VII. Standards for Organic Compounds (Contd.)
a) A container having all openings sealed and totally
enclosing the liquid contents. All gauging and
sampling devices shall be gas-tight except when
gauging or sampling is taking place.
b) A container equipped with a floating roof, con-
sisting of a pontoon type roof, double deck type
roof or internal floating cover, which will rest on
the surface of the contents and be equipped with a
closure seal or seals to close the space between
the roof edge and container wall. All gauging and
sampling devices shall be gas-tight except when
gauging or sampling is taking place.
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PENNSYLVANIA SOLID WASTE REGULATIONS
Basis: Title 25, Rules and Regulations, Part I, Article 1,
Land Resources, Chapter 75, Solid Waste Management.
Agency: The Department of Environmental Resources
I. Scope
The provisions of this chapter apply to any person,
municipality, county or authority storing, collecting,
transporting, processing or disposing of solid waste.
II. Processing and Disposal Area Permits
A. General Permit Requirement
A permit shall be required of any person, municipality,
county or authority proposing to use or continue to use
their land or any other land as a solid waste
processing or disposal area.
B. Design of Waste Processing or Disposal Facility
All solid waste processing or disposal facilities and
operations shall be designed by a registered
professional engineer in accordance with the
requirements of the Department of Environmental
Resources. The design shall bear the signature and
seal of the registered professional engineer.
III. General Standards
A. Operating Standards
All areas of solid waste management systems, including
all processing and disposal facilities, shall be
operated in such a manner as to prevent health hazards
and environmental pollution.
B. Access Roads
All weather access roads negotiable by loaded
collection vehicles shall be provided to the entrance
of the site or facility.
1. Minimum width for two way traffic shall be 22 feet.
2. For one way traffic, separate roads with a minimum
width of 12 feet.
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PENNSYLVANIA SOLID WASTE REGULATIONS
III. General Standards (Contd.)
C. Communications
Telephone or radio communications shall be available at
or readily accessible to the site.
D. Fire Protection
1. Adequate equipment shall be available for
minimizing fire hazard.
2. Fire extinguishers shall be provided for all
equipment and buildings.
IV. Standards for Sanitary Landfill
A. Geologic Characteristics
1. Criteria for Reports
a. A soils, geologic and ground water report of
the characteristics of the proposed site shall
be included as required by the Department.
b. A sufficient number of borings or wells shall
be drilled to determine the soil, geology and
ground water conditions.
c. Borings or wells shall be drilled five feet
into the ground water or bedrock or 20 feet
below the base of the proposed landfill,
whichever is shallower.
d. One boring or well shall be drilled near the
point of highest elevation, ten feet into the
ground water.
2. Cover Material Characteristics
Cover material shall be suitable soil or other
material which shall have medium to moderately-
coarse texture and be of such character that it is
easily compacted.
a. Some specific types of soil and other materials
are unsuitable and shall only be used as
approved by the Department. Included in the
unsuitable categories shall be loamy sand,
silt, clay loam, sandy clay, clay, silty sand,
organic soils, incinerator residue and fly ash
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PENNSYLVANIA SOLID WASTE REGULATIONS
IV. Standards for Sanitary Landfill (Contd.)
3. Prevention of Ground Water Pollution
a. Sites with less than six feet of fine soil over
lime stone or other fissured rocks; or coarse
sand and gravel shall be considered unsuitable.
b. A site with six or more feet of fine soil over
lime stone or other fissured rocks, or coarse
sand and gravel is in the range of limited
suitability.
c. Depth to the seasonal high water table shall be
greater than six feet from the bottom of the
lowest refuse lift. The depth shall be
increased by at least six feet for each
additional lift.
d. The site shall not have a flooding hazard of
greater frequency than once in 50 years.
e. The site shall be designed in a manner which
will manage surface water percolation.
f. Direct fill into water or flood plain shall not
be permitted.
g. Sites not meeting the above specification for
the prevention of ground water pollution may be
utilized if leachate collection and treatment
facilities are approved by the Department.
4. Drainage of Surface Water
a. Provisions shall be made to manage surface
water at the sanitary landfill site.
b. The grading of the final surface of the fill
area shall provide a slope of not less than
1.0% but not exceeding 15%, except as approved
by the Department.
B. Operating Standards
Only those standards which provide some design criteria
are provided within this synopsis.
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PENNSYLVANIA SOLID WASTE REGULATIONS
IV. Standards for Sanitary Landfill (Contd.)
1. Measuring facilities
a. All solid waste shall be weighed on permanently
installed or portable truck scales.
2. Control of Blowing Litter
a. Portable fencing constructed of wire mesh,
snow-fencing or other suitable material shall
be used to control blowing litter.
b. Litter control fences shall be located in the
immediate operating area, approximately 50 to
75 feet downwind from the working face.
3. Burning
a. Open burning of solid waste shall not be
allowed at the sanitary landfill.
4. Dust Control
a. To control dust problems, one or more of the
following measures shall be implemented:
1) Paving of access roads and roads leading to
the unloading area;
2) Application of moisture absorbing chemicals
such as calcium chloride to roadways;
3) Application of oil to roadways; or
4) Spraying water, as needed, on roadways.
C. Disposal of Waste
The standards under the disposal of waste section
contain primarily operational requirements and are not
included herein.
1. Sewage Solids, Liquids and Hazardous Waste:
a. The disposal of sewage solids, liquids and
hazardous waste in a sanitary landfill shall
not be permitted until the methods of disposal,
suitablity of the site and plan of operation
have been reviewed and approved by the
Department.
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PENNSYLVANIA SOLID WASTE REGULATIONS
IV. Standards for Sanitary Landfill (Contd.)
b. All wastes of a hazardous nature, radioactive
material, waste chemicals and explosives shall
not be disposed of in the sanitary landfill
unless they comply with the requirements of the
Department.
V. Standards for Solid Waste Incinerator Facilities
A. Design of Facilities
1. Minimum Design Criteria
a. A survey of meteorological and topographical
conditions prevalent in the area shall be made
to assure proper location of stack.
2. Facilities and Utilities Required
a. Incinerator and related structures shall
contain all facilities as required to comply
with State and local codes.
3. Illumination Standards
a. Illumination shall conform to Illuminating
Engineering Society Standards.
U. Major Instrumentation Location and Equipment
a. Major instrumentation, where practical, shall
be confined to one area.
5. Refuse Storage Facilities
Refuse storage facilities shall be provided to
conform with the operation of the incinerator, and
eliminate nuisances.
VI. Hazardous Solid Waste
A. Processing and Disposal of Waste
1. Only authorized sites and methods may be used for
processing and disposal of hazardous waste.
2. No additional hazards or environmental pollution
shall be created in processing hazardous waste.
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PENNSYLVANIA SOLID WASTE REGULATIONS
VI. Hazardous Solid Waste (Contd.)
3. A handling method shall be established for each
disposal site accepting hazardous waste.
VII. .Coal Refuse Disposal Areas (Title 25, Part 1, Article III,
Chapters 100 and 125)
A. Permit Requirements
1. No person shall establish or operate a coal refuse
disposal area without first having obtained a
permit from the Department.
B. Prevention and Control of Water Pollution
1. Maximum height of new coal refuse disposal piles
shall be limited to 100 feet above the average
elevation of the area.
2. Coal refuse may not be deposited in layers
exceeding two feet in depth.
3. A minimum clear space of 50 feet shall be provided
from the outer perimeter of any coal refuse
disposal pile unless otherwise approved by the
Department.
4. Provisions shall be made to manage surface water at
the coal refuse disposal area. This shall include
necessary diversion structures to prevent surface
run off from flowing over or percolating through
coal refuse.
C. Definitions
1. "Coal refuse disposal area" - means any general
area or plot of land used as a place for dumping,
storage or disposal of coal refuse.
2. "Coal refuse" means any waste coal, rock, slurry,
slate, clay and related materials, associated with
or near a coal seam, which are either brought above
ground or otherwise removed from a coal mine in the
process of mining coal, or which are separated from
coal during the cleaning or preparation operations.
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TENNESSEE WATER QUALITY CRITERIA
Basis: General Water Quality Criteria for the Definition
and Control of Pollution in the Waters of Tennessee
(Chapter 1200-4-3)
Agency: Tennessee Water Quality Control Board
Note: (1) Anyone who desires to discharge into the waters
of the State of Tennessee must apply for and
receive a wastewater Discharge Permit from the
Division of Water Quality Control.
I. GENERAL WATER QUALITY CRITERIA (Receiving Water Quality)
A. Domestic Raw Water Supply
Condition and Substance Limitations
1. Dissolved Oxygen
2. pH (range)
3. Hardness (or mineral
deposits)
4. Total Dissolved Solids
5. Solids, Floating
Material
6. Turbidity or Color
There shall be sufficient
dissolved oxygen to prevent
decomposition odors and other
offensive conditions.
6.0 - 9.0 not to fluctuate
more than 1.0 unit in this
range over a period of 24
hours.
No substance shall be added
that will appreciable impair
the use of the water for its
intended purpose.
500 mg/1
No distinctly visible solids,
scum, foam, oil slick or for-
mation of slimes, bottom de-
posits or sludge banks which
may impair the use of the
water for its intended pur-
pose.
No turbidity or color shall be
added which cannot be reduced
to acceptable concentrations
by conventional water treat-
ment .
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TENNESSEE WATER QUALITY CRITERIA
I. GENERAL WATER QUALITY CRITERIA (Receiving Water Quality)
(CONTD.)
Conditions or Substance
7. Temperature
8. Fecal Coliform Group
9. Taste or Odor
10. Toxic Substances
11. Other Pollutants
Limitations
Maximum water temperature
change relative to an upstream
control point 3°C. The maximum
water temperature shall be
30.5°C, the maximum rate of
change shall not exceed 2° per
hour.
£1000/100 ml, geometric mean
based on a minimum of 10 amples
sat a given sample site over a
period of 30 days.
£5000/100 ml for any individual
sample.
No substance shall be added
which results in taste or odor
that would prevent the pro-
duction of potable water by
conventional water treatment.
There shall be no toxic sub-
stances added that will produce
toxic conditions that will ma-
terially affect man or animals
or impair the safety of a
conventionally treated water
supply.
'Other pollutants shall not be
added in quantities that may be
detrimental to public health or
impair the waters as a source
of domestic water supply.
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TENNESSEE WATER QUALITY CRITERIA
I. GENERAL WATER QUALITY CRITERIA (Receiving Water Quality)
(CONTD.)
B. Industrial Water Supply
Conditions or Substance
1. Dissolved Oxygen
2. pH (range)
3. Hardness (or mineral
deposits)
5. Solids, Floating Ma-
terial and Deposits
6. Turbidity or Color
7. Temperature
Limitations
There shall be sufficient
dissolved oxygen to prevent
decomposition odors and other
offensive conditions.
6.0 -9.0 not to fluctuate more
than 1.0 unit in this range
over a period of 24 hours.
No substance should be added
that will appreciably impair
the use of the water for its
intended purpose.
4. Total Dissolved Solids <500 mg/1
No distinctly visible solids,
scum, foam, oil slick or for-
mation of slime, bottom de-
posits or sludge banks which
may impair the use of the water
for its intended purpose.
No turbidity or color which
cannot be reduced to acceptable
concentrations by conventional
water treatment.
Maximum water temperature
change relative to an upstream
control shall not exceed 3°C.
The maximum water temperature
shall not exceed 30.5°C, the
maximum rate of change shall
not exceed 2°C per hour.
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TENNESSEE WATER QUALITY CRITERIA
I. GENERAL WATER QUALITY CRITERIA (Receiving Water Quality)
(CONTD.)
Conditions or Substance
Limitations
8. Toxic Substances
9. Taste or Odor
10. Other Pollutants
C. Fish and Aquatic Life
There shall be no toxic sub-
stances added that will produce
toxic conditions which will
adversely affect the water for
industrial processing.
No substance shall be added
which results in taste or odor
that would prevent the use of
the water for industrial
processing.
Other pollutants shall not be
added in quanities that may
adversely affect the water for
industrial processing.
Note: As many of the criteria for the fish and aquatic life
water use catagory are the same as the above listed
criteria for the domestic water, raw water supply and
industrial water supply catagory, ONLY those areas which
establish different criteria are shown; and the other
requirements should be considered to be the same as
listed above.
Condition or Substance
1. Dissolved Oxygen
Limitations
<5.0 mg/1
Exceptions:
(1) Where present technology
cannot restore the water
quality to the desired
minimum of 5.0 mg/1
369
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TENNESSEE WATER QUALITY CRITERIA
I. GENERAL WATER QUALITY CRITERIA
(CONTD.)
Conditions or Substance
1. Dissolved Oxygen (Contd.)
(Receiving Water Quality)
2. pH
3. Solids, Floating Ma-
terial and Deposits
4. Turbidity or Color
5. Temperature
6. Taste or Odor
7. Toxic Substances
8. Other Pollutants
9. Fecal Coliform Group
Limitations
(2) The cost of meeting the
standard is economically
prohibitive when compared
to benefits obtained, or
(3) The natural qualities of
the water are less than
the desired minimum of
5.0 mg/1.
The Exceptions shall be
determined on an individual
basis but in no instance
shall the dissolved oxygen be
less than 3.0 mg/1.
6.0-8.5 not to fluctuate more
than 1.0 unit in this range
over a period of 24 hours.
See I., A and B, 5 above.
See I., A and B, 6 above.
See I., A and B, 7 above -
except for recognized trout
waters where the temperature
shall not exceed 20°C.
See I., A and B, 9 above.
See I. A, 10 and I., B, 8
above.
See I., A, 11 and I., B, 10
above.
See I., A, 8 above.
370
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TENNESSEE WATER QUALITY CRITERIA
I. GENERAL WATER QUALITY CRITERIA (Receiving Water Quality)
(CONTD.)
D. Recreation
Conditions or Substance
Limitations
1. Dissolved Oxygen
2. pH
3. Solids, Floating Ma-
terial and Deposits
4. Turbidity and Color
5. Temperature
6. Fecal Coliform Group
7. Taste or Odor
8. Toxic Substance
9. Other Pollutants
See I., A and B, 1 above.
See I, A and B, 2 above.
See I, A and B, 5 above.
No turbidity or color added
in such amounts or character
that will result in any
objectionable appearance to
the water.
See I., A and B, 7 above.
£200/100 ml, as a geometric
mean based on a minimum of 10
samples from a given sample
location over a period of not
more than 30 days.
£1000/100 ml in any
individual sample.
See I., A and B, 9 above.
See I., A, 10 above.
Other pollutants shall not be
added in quantities which
will have a detrimental
effect on reaction.
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TENNESSEE WATER QUALITY CRITERIA
I. GENERAL WATER QUALITY CRITERIA (Receiving Water Quality)
(CONTD.)
E. Irrigation, Livestock Watering and Wildlife,
and Navigation Category
Compliance with Sections I., A and I., B above will satisfy
the requirements of these specific receiving water
criteria.
F. Non-Degradation
The above conditions are recognized as applying to waters
affected by the discharge of sewage and/or industrial waste
or other waste and not resulting from natural causes.
These criteria should not be construed as permitting
the degradation of higher quality water when such can
be prevented by reasonable pollution control measures.
II. TREATMENT REQUIRED
All discharges or sewage, industrial waste, or other waste
shall receive the best practicable treatment (secondary or the
equivalent) or control according to the policy and procedure
of the Tennessee Water Quality Control Board.
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TENNESSEE: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
Agency: Air Pollution Control Board
I. General Provisions
A. Definitions
1. "Fuel Burning Equipment" is any equipment, device or
contrivance and all appurtenances thereto, in which
fuel is burned for the primary purpose of producing
thermal energy and in which the material being heated
is not contacted by, and adds no substance to, the
products of combustion.
2. "Fugitive Dust" is any visible emission, other than
water droplets, issuing from any source other than
through a stack.
3. "Opacity" is that property of a substance tending to
obscure vision and is measured in terms of percent
obscuration. As used in these regulations it does
not include obscuration of vision due to uncombined
water droplets. The percentage opacity of a plume is
numerically equal to twenty (20) times the Ringlemann
number for a plume of black smoke having equivalent
capacity of obscuration.
4. "Particulate Matter" is any material, except uncom-
bined water, that exists in a finely divided form as a
liquid or a solid.
5. "Parts Per Million" (ppm) is a term describing parts
of an air contaminant per million parts of gas by
volume (1 ppm equals 0.0001 percent by volume).
6. "Process Emission" is any emission of an air contaminant
to the ambient air other than that from fuel burning
equipment, incinerators, or open burning.
7. "Process Emission Source" is one or more units of
processing equipment which may be operated independent-
ly of other parts of the operations at any given
manufacturing or processing facility; also, where it
is common practice to group more than one unit of like
or similar processing equipment together and to apply
a single or combined unit of air pollution control
equipment to the emissions of the entire group, such
group of units shall be construed as a process
emission source.
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TENNESSEE: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
Agency: Air Pollution Control Board
I. General Provisions (Contd.)
8. "Process Weight" means the total weight of all
materials introduced into any specific process that
may cause any emission of particulate matter. Solid
fuels charged are considered as part of the process
weight, but liquid and gaseous fuels and
combustion air are not.
9. "Ringlemann Chart" is the chart published and
described in the U. S. Bureau of Mines Information
Circular 8333.
II. Non-Process Emission Standards
A. Fuel Burning Equipment-Particulate Emissions
Maximum
Heat Input to Source Allowable Particulate Emission
_< 10 MM Btu/hr 0.6 Ibs/MM Btu
>^ 250 MM Btu/hr 0.1 Ibs/MM Btu
> 10 <250 MM Btu/hr use: , v
E = 0.6 /1£J0.5566
where: E = maximum allowable emission in
Ibs/MM Btu; and
Q = Heat input in MM Btu/hr
(Total rate of heat input to all stacks in the plant shall
be used for heat input above.)
B. General Non-Process Gaseous Emission Standards
1. Definitions. "Air contaminant source" means any and
all sources of emission of air contaminants, whether
privately or publicly owned. Without limiting the
generality of the foregoing, this term includes all
types of business, commercial and industrial plants,
works, shops, and stores, and heating and power plants
and stations, buildings and other structures of all
types, incinerators of all types (indoor and outdoor)
refuse dumps and piles, and all stack and other
chimney outlets from any of the foregoing.
2. Standard. Air contaminant sources shall have
installed and utilize the best currently available
equipment and control technology for limiting
emissions of gaseous air contaminants.
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TENNESSEE: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
II. Non-Process Emission Standards (Contd.)
C. Non-Process Nitrogen Emission Standards
1. Affected facilities: Sources of 250 MM Etu/hr total
heat input or greater.
2. Standards
Maximum emission rates (calculated as NOg)
gaseous fossil fuel: 165 ppm corrected to 15% excess
air (equivalent to 0.20 Ibs/MM Btu heat
input, max. 2 hour average)
liquid fossil fuel: 227 ppm corrected to 15% excess
air (equivalent to 0.30 Ibs/MM Etu heat input,
max. 2 hour average)
solid fossil fuel: 525 ppm corrected to 15% excess
air (equivalent to 0.70 Ibs/MM Btu heat input,
max. 2 hour average.
Mixtures of fossil fuels:
use: E = X(0.20) Y(0.30) Z (0.70)
X + Y + Z
where: E = allowable max. emission in Ibs/MM
Btu heat input
X r % of total heat input from gaseous
fossil fuel;
Y = % of total heat input from liquid
fossil fuel; and
Z = % of total heat input from solid
fossil fuel.
III. Process Emission Standards
A. Particulate Emissions - General Process Standards
1. Particulate non-attainment counties. In any county
where one or more sources are emitting particulates at
rates in conformity with applicable maximum emission
rates and the ambient air quality standard for
particulate matter is being exceeded, the Board shall
set an appropriate emission standard for each source
contributing to the particulate matter in the ambient
air of the county, at such value as the Board may deem
necessary to achieve the desired air quality.
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TENNESSEE: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
III. Process Emission Standards (Contd.)
2. Maximum Particulate Emissions
process weight rate <30 T/hr:
use: E = 3
where: E = Maximum emissions in Ibs/hr (partioulate) ; and
P = Process weight rate in T/hr
process weight rate >30T/hr:
use: E = 17.31P0'16
where: (E and P are as defined as above)
3. Additional Particulate Limitations - Concentration
a) Irrespective of the maximum emissions determined by
application of subsection 2. standards above:
(i) the concentration of particulate emissions shall
not be required to be less than 0.02 gr/ft^
of stack gases (at 70 °F and 1 atmos.) unless the
Board deems a lesser concentration necessary as
per subsection 1.; and
(ii) the maximum concentration of particulate emis-
sions shall be 0.25 gr/ft^ of stack gases
(at 70°F and 1 atmos.)
B. Gaseous Air Contaminants - General Process Standards
1. Sources of gaseous air contaminants shall utilize
equipment and technology deemed reasonable and proper by
the Board to control such gaseous emissions.
C. Applicability of Standards. The emission limitations set
forth in subsection A. above will control, where applicable,
unless a specific standard for a designated process emission
source is contained or incorporated in a subsequent subsection
of this section III.
D. Specific Process Emission Standards
1. Tennessee Designated - Specific Process Emissions
[Tennessee has designated six sources (new, existing, or
both) under this topic and promulgated specific emission
standards for each of these six process sources. None of
these are relevant to this project and so are not included
herein . ]
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TENNESSEE; STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
III. Process Emission Standards (Contd.)
2. United States EPA - "Standards for New Stationary
Sources".
a) The [Tennessee] Board shall from time to time,
after public hearing, adopt additional standards
of performance for new stationary sources as
promulgated by the United States EPA.
[The first twelve sources of the Federal
stationary emission sources (40 CFR 60, Subparts D
through 0) have been designated and adopted by
Tennessee and the standards for these are included
(with minor administration related changes) in the
Tennessee air regulations. The portions of these
federal regulations relevant to this project have
been synopsized and this synopsis may be found
under the "Federal EPA Regulations and Standards"
section of this report. The relevant sources
included are listed in 2.b) below.]
b) The Federal regulations incorporated and
synopsized herein because relevant or partially
relevant to fossil-fuel conversion facilities
within the scope of this project cover the
following listed plants or facilities:
i) Fossil-fuel fired steam generators (40 CFR,
Part 60, Subpart D).
ii) Incinerators (40 CFR, Part 60, Subpart E).
iii) Storage Vessels for Petroleum Liquids (40
CFR, Part 60, Subpart K).
iv) Petroleum Refineries (40 CFR, Part 60,
Subpart J).
IV. Visible Emissions Standards
A. Maximum allowable discharge of visible emissions
Density not to exceed No. 1 on Ringelmann Chart
(equals an opacity of 20$) for aggregate periods of
not more than 5 minutes in any 1 hour or not more than
20 minutes in any 24 hour period.
B. Exceptions (to subsection A.)
An affected facility shall have due allowance from the
provisions of subsection A. when excessive emissions occur
as the result of start-up, breakdown or upset conditions
provided reporting or permit requirements for such
occurrences are adhered to.
C. Visible Emissions - Fugitive Dust
Discharge of visible emissions beyond the property
boundaries shall not be allowed except for periods less
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TENNESSEE; STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
IV. Visible Emissions Standards (Contd.)
than 5 minutes per hour or 20 minutes per day (24 hours)
or during periods of startup, breakdown or upset
conditions for which reporting requirements are met.
V. Emission Standards for Fugitive Dust
A. Materials shall not be handled, stored, or transported and
buildings with appurtenances, and roads shall not be used,
constructed, altered, repaired, or demolished without
reasonable precautions having been taken to prevent
particulate matter from becoming airborne. Such
reasonable precautions shall include, but are not limited
to, the following:
1. Use, where possible, of water or chemicals for control
of dust in demolition of existing buildings or struc-
tures, construction operations, grading of roads or
the cleaning of land;
2. Application of asphalt, oil, water, or suitable
chemicals on dirt roads, materials stock piles, and
other surfaces which can create airborne dusts; and
3. Installation and use of hoods, fans and fabric filters
to enclose and vent the handling of dusty materials.
Adequate containment methods shall be employed during
sandblasting and other similar operations.
VI. Emission Standards for Hazardous Contaminants
A. Applicability
[Tennessee has designated asbestos, beryllium, and mercury
as hazardous air contaminants. This is in keeping with
its stated policy to designate hazardous air contaminants
corresponding to those contaminants for which regulations
have been promulgated by the United States Environmental
Protection Agency. A synopsis of the Federal regulations
for mercury and beryllium, the only of these substances
relevant to this project, may be found in "Federal EPA
regulations and Standards" portion of this report. The
Tennessee standards for mercury and beryllium are neither
broader nor more stringent than the Federal standards
relevant to this project so are not included here. The
Tennessee definition of "hazardous air contaminants",
however, is given in B. below.]
B. Definitions
1. Hazardous air contaminants" are any air contaminants
which may cause, or contribute to, an increase in
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TENNESSEE: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
VI. Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Contaminants (Contd.)
mortality or an increase in serious irreversible, or
incapacitating reversible illness, and has been so
designated by the Air Pollution Control Board.
Asbestos, beryllium and mercury are designated
hazardous air contaminants.
VII. Emission Standards for Sulfur Dioxide (509)
A. General Provisions
1. Definitions
a) For the purpose of section VII., each county in
Tennessee will be classified into one of six
categories, Class I through Class VI. Each class
has been established with the essential limit
necessary to attain and/or maintain ambient air
quality standards based on measured and predicted
air quality. The county classifications are as
follows:
Class I - Polk
Class II - Humphreys,
Maury, Roane
Class III - Sullivan
Class IV - Shelby
Class V - Anderson, D.
Davidson, Hamilton,
Hawkins, Knox, Rhea
Class VI - all other
counties
B. Non-process Emission Standards
1. Fuel Burning Equipment
a) Maximum Emission of SO?
<250 MM Btu/hr heat input (rated capacity):
Class I County - f.6 Ib/MM Btu heat input (1 hr
average)
Class II or VI Counties - 5.0 Ib/MM Btu heat input
(1 hr average)
All Counties - >250 MM Btu/hr heat input (rated
capacity):
Liquid fossil fuel - .80 Ib/MM Btu heat input (1 hr
average)
Solid fossil fuel -.1.2 Ib/MM Btu heat input (1 hr
average)
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TENNESSEE; STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
VII. Emission Standards for Sulfur Dioxide (S02) (Contd.)
for different fossil fuels burned simultaneously in any
combination-
use E= Y(0.80) + Z (1.2)
Y + Z
where: E is the maximum allowable emission in Ib of
S02/MM Btu heat input;
Y is the % of total heat derived from liquid
fossil-fuel; and
Z is the % of total heat derived from solid
fossil fuel.
C. Process Emission Standards
1. Affected facilities: the sources or facilities
encompassed by the definition of "process emission
sources" in Section I. and, incinerators shall be
construed as process emission sources for purposes of
this subsection.
2. Regardless of the specific emission standard in this
subsection C., emission sources shall utilize the best
available control technology as deemed appropriate by
the Board.
3. Maximum Emissions
(SOX express as 502)
Class I Counties: 500 ppm, dry basis, 1 hr average
Class IV, V and VI Counties: 2000 ppm, dry basis, 1
hr average
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TENNESSEE SOLID WASTE REGULATIONS
Basis: 1. Regulations Governing Solid Waste Processing
Disposal in Tennessee, 1975.
2. Tennessee Hazardous Waste Disposal Act.
Agency: State Department of Public Health, Solid Waste
Disposal Control Board.
Note: 1. Section 53-4310 of the Tennessee Solid Waste
Disposal Act states that "This Act shall not
prohibit any person from disposing of his own
solid waste upon his own lands provided such
disposal does not create a public nuisance or
a hazard to the public health."
I. Solid Waste Disposal System Design and Construction
A. General
No new construction shall be initiated for any solid
waste disposal facility or site until the plans for
such new construction have been submitted to and
approved by the Department.
B. Disposal Facility or Site
1. General
For land disposal sites serving industrial concerns
the method of disposal, including design,
construction and operation, shall be approved by
the Department for each individual situation.
2. Sanitary Landfill
Plans and specifications should be prepared by an
engineer licensed to practice in Tennessee.
3. Basic Design Considerations:
a. No site shall be subject to flooding. Geologic
conditions shall be such as not to permit
pollution of ground water. The site must
comply with the local zoning requirements and
land use planning.
b. All-weather roads shall be provided to and on
the disposal site.
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TENNESSEE SOLID WASTE REGULATIONS
I. Solid Waste Disposal System Design and Construction (Contd.)
c. All surface water shall be diverted around the
operations area. Water shall not be allowed to
accumulate at any location on the site unless
such location has been approved by the
Department.
d. Access to the site shall be controlled by means
of gates and by fencing if such becomes
necessary.
e. A heated structure shall be provided on the
site for use of operating personnel.
f. Fire protection shall be provided. The
specific method shall be approved by the
Department.
II. Solid Waste Disposal System Operation
The standards under this part are operational and provide
no direct applicable design requirements. Therefore, they
are not included within the synopsis of the solid waste
disposal criteria.
III. Tennessee Hazardous Waste Disposal Act
A. Definitions
1. "Hazardous waste." Any waste or combination of
wastes which is determined to present a potential
or immediate danger to human health or safety to
any part of the environment because of its
quantity, concentration, chemical or pathological
characteristics.
2. "Industrial waste." Waste resultant either
directly or indirectly from manufacturing
operation.
B. Limitations on Hazardous Waste
It shall be unlawful to:
1. Deposit hazardous waste into the waters of the
State except as approved by the State Water Quality
Control Board;
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TENNESSEE SOLID WASTE REGULATIONS
III. Tennessee Hazardous Waste Disposal Act (Contd.)
2. "Industrial waste." Waste resultant either
directly or indirectly from a manufacturing
operation.
B. Limitations on Hazardous Waste
It shall be unlawful to:.
1. Deposit hazardous waste into the waters of the
State except as approved by the State Water Quality
Control Board;
2. Burn hazardous waste except under approved
conditions; and
3. Construct or operate a hazardous waste processing
or disposal facility or site in violation of the
rules, regulations, or orders of the Department of
Public Health or in such a manner as to create a
nuisance.
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TEXAS WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
Basis: Texas Water Quality Standards, February 1976
Agency: Texas Water Quality Board
Note: (1) Any person who discharges wastes into or adjacent
to the waters in the State of Texas must apply
for and receive a waste control order from the
Texas Water Quality Board for such discharge.
(2) The Texas Water Quality Standards have listed 25
separate basins and estuaries with specific water
quality standards for approximately 300 identi-
fied water segments within the state.
I. GENERAL WATER QUALITY CRITERIA
A. Criteria applicable to all surface waters of the state and
specifically applicable with respect to substances
attributed to waste discharge.
Condition or Substance
1. Taste or Odor
2. Floating Debris and
Settleable Suspended
Solids
3. Turbidity
4. Foaming or Frothing
5. Radioactive Materials
Limitations
Concentration of substances
shall be limited such that
they will not interfere with
production of potable water
by reasonable treatment
methods, or otherwide inter-
fere with the reasonable use
of the waters.
Waters shall be essentially
free of these substances
which would adversely affect
the intended use of the
waters.
No substantial change from
ambient conditions due to
waste discharges.
None of a persistent nature.
In fresh water associated
with the dissolved minerals,
shall not exceed those set
forth in the U.S. Public
Health Service, Drinking
Water Standards 1962, or
latest revisions.
384
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I.
TEXAS WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
GENERAL WATER QUALITY CRITERIA (CONTD.)
6. Toxic Substances
7. Oil, Grease or Related
Residue
None that will be toxic to
man, fish and wildlife.
For a general guide, with
respect to fish toxicity,
receiving waters outside
mixing zones should not have
a concentration of non-
persistent toxic materials
exceeding 1/10 of the 96-
hour TLM. For persistent
toxicants, the concentration
should not exceed 1/20 of
the 96-hour TLM.
None which will produce a
visible film of oil or
globules of grease on the
surface, or coat the banks
and bottoms of the water
course.
II. CLASSIFICATION OF SURFACE WATERS
The surface waters of the State are divided into the
following categories.
A. River Basin Waters
Inland surface waters comprising the major rivers
and their tributaries including listed impounded
waters and including the tidal portion of the river
to the extent that it is confined in a channel.
B. Coastal Basin Waters
Those inland surface waters, including listed im-
pounded waters discharging or flowing or otherwise
communicating with bays or the gulf including the
tidal portion of the streams to the extent they are
confined in channels.
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TEXAS WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
II. CLASSIFICATION OF SURFACE WATERS
C. Bay Waters
(CONTD.)
All tidal waters exclusive of those included in
river basin waters, coastal basin waters, and gulf
waters.
D. Gulf Waters
Those waters which are a part of the open waters of
the Gulf of Mexico to the limit of Texas' jurisdic-
tion and which are not included in or form a part
of any bay or estuary.
III. WATER USES DEEMED DESIRABLE FOR SPECIFIC SURFACE WASTES
DESIGNATED IN THE STANDARDS
A. Contact Recreation Waters
1. Fecal Coliform Group
B. Non-contract Recreation
Waters
1. Fecal Coliform Group
C. Domestic Raw Water Supply
1. Coliform
_<200/100 ml, geometric
mean from a representative
sampling of not less than
5 samples collected over
not more than 30 days, nor
shall more than 10% of
total samples during any
30-day period exceed
400/100 ml.
£2000/100 ml, nor equal
or exceed 4,000/100 ml in
more than 10% of the sam-
ples, except in specified
mixing zones.
It is desirable that the
total coliform content
• 386
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TEXAS WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
2. National Primary Drinking
III. WATER USES DEEMED DESIRABLE FOR SPECIFIC SURFACE WASTES
DESIGNATED IN THE STANDARDS(CONTD.)
1. Coliform (Contd.) should not exceed 100/100
ml and the fecal coliform
content 20/100 ml, how-
ever, domestic water
supplies should not be
considered unacceptable if
an adequate number of sam-
ples show monthly arith-
metic averages for total
coliform of less than
10,000 ml/100 ml and fecal
coliform of less than
2,000/100 ml.
Domestic raw water supply
quality should be con-
sistant with the findings
of EPA regarding maximum
techniques.
D. Progagation of Fish and Wildlife
IV. NUMERICAL CRITERIA
A. The numerical criteria apply to specific waters identified
in the water quality standards.
B. The specific numerical values represent arithmetic average
conditions over a one year period.
C. The temperature limitations are applicable to the waters
specifically identified. Temperature standards are com-
posed of two parts, a maximum temperature and a maximum
temperature differential attributable to heated effluents,
and are as follows:
1. Fresh Water Streams:
a. Maximum Temperature
b. Maximum Temperature
Differential
Determined by reference to
specific waters
5°F rise over ambient.
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TEXAS WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
IV. NUMERICAL CRITERIA (CONTD.)
2. Fresh Water Impoundments:
a. Maximum Temperature Determined by reference to
specific waters.
b. Maximum Temperature 3°F rise over ambient.
3. Tidal River Reaches, Bay and Gulf Waters
Fall. Winter. Summer
Spring
a. Maximum Temperature ^°F 1.5°F
Differential
b. Maximum Temperature 95 °F 95°F
The temperature requirements shall not apply to off-stream
or privately owned reservoirs, constructed principally for
industrial cooling purposes and financed in whole or in
part by the entity or successor entity using, or proposing
to use, the lake for cooling purposes.
V. EXCEPTIONS
A. The water quality standards will not apply to treated
effluents.
B. The water quality standards, except general criteria will
not apply to:
1. Water in mixing zones or in a valid control order from
the Texas Water Quality Board or a National Pollutant
Discharge Elimination System permit, or
2. Inland effluent dominated streams during periods when
the daily flow is totally composed effluent excluding
minor amounts of bank seepage; or
3. Dead-end barge and dead-end ship channels constructed
for navigation purposes unless specifically designated
in the tables setting forth specific standards.
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TEXAS WATER QUALITY- STANDARDS
V. EXCEPTIONS (CONTD.)
Where the exceptions as shown in 2 and 3 above are appli-
cable, such waste treatment as is necessary to maintain a
minimum of 2.0 mg/1 of dissolved oxygen in the receiving
stream will be required. Waste treatment over and above
that required to meet a 2 mg/1 dissolved oxygen standard
may be required.
389
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TEXAS: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
(Agency: Texas Air Control Board)
I. GENERAL PROVISIONS
A. Definitions
1. Executive Director. The Executive Director of the
Texas Air Control Board.
2. Combustion Unit. Any boiler plant, furnace, incin-
erator, flare, engine, or other device or system used
to oxidize solid, liquid, or gaseous fuels, but exclud-
ing motors and engines used in propelling land, water,
and air vehicles.
3. Net Ground-Level Concentration. The upwind level sub-
tracted from the downwind level.
4. Non-Methane Hydrocarbons. The total hydrocarbon con-
tent of the sample minus the methane content of the
sample.
5. Opacity. The degree to which an emission of air con-
taminants obstructs the transmission of light, ex-
pressed as the percentage to which the light is
obstructed as measured by an optical instrument or
trained observer.
6. Particulate Matter. Any material, except uncombined
water, that exists as a solid or liquid in the at-
mosphere or in a gas stream at standard conditions.
7. Process or Processes. Any action, operation, or
treatment embracing chemical, commercial, industrial,
or manufacturing factors such as combustion units,
kilns, stills, dryers, roasters, and equipment used in
connection therewith, and all other methods or forms
of manufacturing or processing that may emit smoke,
particulate matter, gaseous matter, or visible
emissions.
8. Property. All land under common control or ownership
on which any source or combination of sources is
located, coupled with all improvements on such land,
and all fixed or movable objects on such land, or any
vessel on the waters of this State which may consti-
tute a source.
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TEXAS: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
I. GENERAL PROVISIONS (CONTD.)
9. Source. A point of origin of air contaminants, whether
privately or publicly owned or operated. Upon request
of a source owner the Executive Director shall
determine whether multiple processes emitting air
contaminants from a single point of emission will be
treated as a single source or as multiple sources.
10. Visible Emissions. Particulate or gaseous matter which
can be detected by the human eye. The radiant energy
from an open flame shall not be considered a visible
emission under this definition.
B. Nuisance.
It shall be prohibited to discharge from any source
whatsoever one or more air contaminants or combinations
thereof, in such concentration and of such duration as are
or may tend to be injurious to or to adversely affect
human health or welfare, animal life, vegetation or prop-
erty, or as to interfere with the normal use and enjoyment
of animal life, vegetation or property.
II. VISIBLE EMISSION STANDARDS
A. Maximum Emissions from Stationary Flues
1. General: 20% opacity, 5 min. average.
Exception: This limit may be exceeded during the
cleaning of a firebox, building of a new fire,
sootblowing, equipment changes, ash removal, and
rapping of precipitators for not more than 5 min. in
any 1 hr period nor more than 6 hours in any 10 day
period.
2. Flues with 100,000 acfm or more flow rate:
15% opacity, 5 min. aver.age, unless an optical
instrument capable of measuring the opacity of
emissions is installed in the flue and proper
measurement records as prescribed in rules related
thereto are kept.
B. Waste Gas Flares
1. No visible emissions shall be permitted for more than
5 min. in any 2 hr period except as provided for in
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TEXAS: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
II. VISIBLE EMISSION STANDARDS (CONTD.)
provisions of the Texas air regulations exempting
major unavoidable upsets if certain procedures are
followed.
C. Buildings and Enclosed Facilities
1. Excessive visible emissions shall not be permitted.
D. Exceptions
1. Contributions from uncombined water shall not be
included in determining compliance with requirements
of this section II. The burden of proof to establish
the applicability of this exception shall be upon the
party seeking to have it applied.
III. STANDARDS FOR FUGITIVE PARTICULATE MATTER
A. Affected facilities:
1. Sources in Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas
where Federal air quality standards for particulate
matter are exceeded.
B. Definitions
1. "Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area" means an area
consisting of a county or two or more contiguous
counties and which area is officially so designated by
the U.S. Bureau of the Budget.
C. Prevention of Airborne Particulate Matter - Material
Handling, Construction, and Roads
1. It shall be prohibited to cause or permit any fine
material to be handled, transported, or stored without
taking at least the following precautions to prevent
particulate matter from becoming airborne:
a) Application of water or suitable chemicals or some
other covering on materials stockpiles and any
surfaces which can create airborne dusts under
normal conditions;
b) Installation and use of hoods, fans, and filters
to enclose, collect, and clean the emissions of
dusty materials;
c) Covering or wetting at all times when in motion of
open-bodied trucks, trailers, or railroad cars
transporting materials which can become airborne
particulate matter in areas to which the public
has access.
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TEXAS; STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
III. STANDARDS FOR FUGITIVE PARTICULATE MATTER (CONTD.)
2. It shall be prohibited to cause or permit a building
structure to be used, constructed, altered, repaired
or demolished without taking at least the following
precautions:
a) Use of water or chemicals where feasible for
control of dust in the demolition of buildings or
structures, in construction operations, or in the
clearing of land;
b) Use of adequate methods to prevent airborne
particulate matter during sandblasting of
buildings or other similar operations.
3. It shall be prohibited to cause or permit a road to be
used, constructed, altered or repaired without taking
at least the following precautions:
a) Application of asphalt, oil, water or suitable
chemicals on heavily traveled dirt streets as
necessary.
b) Paving of public or commercial parking surfaces
having more than five parking spaces.
c) Removal as necessary from paved street and parking
surfaces of earth or other material which have a
tendency to become airborne.
4. Alternate means of control may be approved by the
Executive Director.
IV. EMISSION STANDARDS FOR PARTICULATE MATTER
A. Fossil Fuel Fired Steam Generators
1. Maximum Emissions
a) Solid fossil fuel fired units (any size): 0.3
Ib/MM Btu heat input, 2 hr average
b) Oil or gas fired units with greater than 2500 MM
Btu/hr heat input: 0.1 Ib/MM Btu heat input, 2 hr
average
B. General Standards
1. Maximum Emissions
a) use E = 0.048q°-62
where: E = allowable emission rate in Ib/hr; and
q = stack effluent rate in ACFM.
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TEXAS; STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
IV. EMISSION STANDARDS FOR PARTICULATE MATTER (CONTD. )
b) Correction of standard in a) for Effective Stack
Height.
i) Multiply maximum rate determined in a) by cor
rection factor (C.F.) determined as follows:
C.F. =[ Effective Stack Height ^ 2
\ Standard Effective Stack Height/
ii) To determine Standard Effective Stack Height,
He, in i) use:
He = 1.05qO-35
where: He is the standard effective stack
height, ft; and q is the stack gas flow rate
in ACFM.
iii) Effective Stack Height Heff. (in i):
Heff. = h + 0.083 VeDe [ 1. 5+0. 82(
where:
Heff. = effective stack height, ft
h ' = physical stack height above
ground level in ft
Ve = stack gas exit velocity, ft/sec
De = stack exit inside diameter, ft
Te = stack exit temperature, °R
C. Incinerators
1 . It shall be prohibited to cause or permit the use of
single-chamber incinerator unless approved by the
Board upon demonstration that it will provide equiva-
lent performance to multiple-chamber incinerators.
EMISSION STANDARDS FOR SULFUR COMPOUNDS
A. Sulfur Dioxide (S02) Standards
1. Sulfur Recovery Plants
a) Maximum Emissions
Stack effluent flow rate < 4000 SCFM:
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TEXAS: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
V. EMISSION STANDARDS FOR SULFUR COMPOUNDS (CONTD.)
use E = 123.4 + 0.091Q
where: E = allowable S02 emission rate in Ib/hr; and
q = stack effluent flow rate in SCFM.
Stack effluent flow rate > 4000 SCFM:
use E = 0.6l4q0.8042
where: (E and q are the same as above)
b) Correction of standard in a) for Effective Stack
Height.
i) Multiply maximum emission rate in a) by correction
factor (C.F.) determined as follows:
r 1 o
C.F. = Effective Stack Height _ *•
Standard effective stack heightj
ii) Standard Effective Stack Height, He :
for <_ 4000 SCFM stack gas rate -
He = 7.4 [123.4 + 0.091q]°'5
where: He is the standard effective stack
height, ft; and q is the stack gas flow rate in
SCFM.
for > 4000 SCFM stack gas rate -
He = 5.8qO-402
(He and q are defined as above)
iii) Effective Stack Height, He
Heff. = h + 0.083veDe [1.5 + n. 8?(Te-550[De]
n.8?/Te-550j]
where:
Heff. = effective stack height, ft
h = physical stack height above ground level in
ft
Ve = stack gas exit velocity, ft/sec
De = stack exit inside diameter, ft
Te = stack gas exit temperature, °R
395
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TEXAS: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
EMISSION STANDARDS FOR SULFUR COMPOUNDS (CONTD.)
2. Fuel Burning Equipment (Fossil Fuel Fired Steam
Generators)
a) Solid fossil fuel fired units.
i) Maximum S02 Emission Rate
3.0 Ib/MM Btu heat input
ii) In addition to the requirements of i), new
proven technology must be applied in removing
S02 from effluent gases when such
technology becomes available
b) Liquid fossil fuel fired units.
i) Maximum SC>2 Emission Concentration
440 ppm (by vol.)
ii) Correction of standard for effective stack
height. If effective stack height is less than
the standard effective stack height (both as
determined by the method in V.A.I.b) above),
use the correction factor (multiplier) as
determined using the formula in V.A.I.b) to
obtain the correct reduced maximum emission
rate.
3. Net Ground Level S02 Concentration.
a) Affected facilities: subsection b) covers sources
in all counties except those covered by c) and d)
below.
b) Maximum Net Ground Level Concentration - General
i) 0.4 ppm, 30 rain, average
ii) Exemptions. Affected facilities, except those
in El Paso County, are exempt from require-
ments of i) when a source meets both of the
following:
(1) Any applicable Federal New Source
Performance Standard and utilizes best
available control technology, with
consideration to the technical practica-
bility and economic reasonableness of
reducing or eliminating the emissions.
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TEXAS: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
V. EMISSION STANDARDS FOR SULFUR COMPOUNDS (CONTD.)
(2) Does not cause or contribute to a condi-
tion such that either the primary or the
secondary sulfur dioxide air quality
standards are exceeded in the area.
c) Maximum Net Ground Level Concentration - Galveston
and Harris Counties
0.28 ppm, 30 min. average
d) Maximum Net Ground Level Concentration - Jefferson
and Orange Counties
0.32 ppm, 30 min. average
4. Maximum S02 emission rates for sources not regu-
lated by subsections 1. and 2. of this section may be
set by the Air Control Board as necessary to attain
applicable ambient air quality standards.
5. Any person or persons who own or operate a source or
sources which emit sulfur dioxide may request the Texas
Air Control Board for relief from the requirements of
subsection 3. by filing with the Executive Director an
application for an Area Control Plan. An application for
an Area Control Plan shall include, but is not limited to,
a combination of evidence that best available control
technology is being employed at all the affected sources,
having due regard for the technical practicability and the
economic reasonableness of reducing or eliminating the
emissions of sulfur dioxide resulting from the affected
facilities; and an ambient air sampling system for the
recording of sulfur dioxide levels in the affected area.
Any person or persons filing an Application for an Area
Control Plan must demonstrate the capability of all
sources in the affected area of the State to maintain all
promulgated sulfur dioxide ambient air standards. Upon
recommendation by the Executive Director, the Board may
enter a Board Order exempting those sources who have filed
such an Application.
B. Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) Standards
1. Maximum net ground level concentrations
a) where downwind F^S concentration affects prop-
erty used for residential, business or commercial
purposes:
0.08 ppm, 30 min. average
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TEXAS; STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
V. EMISSION STANDARDS FOR SULFUR COMPOUNDS (CONTD.)
b) where downwind H2S concentration affects only
property used for other than residential, recrea-
tional, business or commercial purposes (such as
industrial, vacant tracts, or range lands not
normally occupied by people)
0.12 ppm, 30 roin. average
C. Sulfuric Acid (I^SOjj) Standards
1. Maximum Emissions Concentration
All sources shall comply with the following maximums:
a) Net ground level HpS04 concentration:
15 ug/m3 of air, 24 hr average;
b) Net ground level f^SOi} concentration:
50 ug/nP of air, 1 hr average, measured more than
once during any 24 hr period: and
c) A concentration of 100 ug/m^ of air at any
time.
VI. STANDARDS FOR VOLATILE CARBON COMPOUNDS
A. Definitions
1. "Carbon Compounds" means those, excluding C02i
which contain carbon in combination with any other
element or elements. Hydrocarbons, containing hydrogen
and carbon, are one category of carbon compounds.
2. "Volatile Carbon Compound" means any carbon compound
or mixture of carbon compounds which has an aggregate
vapor pressure of 1.5 pounds per square inch absolute
or greater under actual conditions of storage or use.
B. Applicability
This section VI is not a statewide or generally applicable
standard in Texas; it shall, however, apply throughout the
following counties:
Aransas, Bexar (San Antonio), Brazoria, Calhoun, Dallas
(city of Dallas), El Paso, Galveston, Harris (Houston)
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TEXAS: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
VI. STANDARDS FOR VOLATILE CARBON COMPOUNDS (CONTD.)
Hardin, Jefferson, Matagorda, Montgomery, Nueces, Orange,
San Patricio, Tarrant (Fort Worth), Travis (Austin), and
Victoria.
C. Storage of Volatile Carbon Compounds
1. No person shall place, store or hold in any stationary
tank, reservoir or other container of more than 25,000
gallons capacity any volatile carbon compounds unless
such tank, reservoir or other container is a pressure
tank capable of maintaining working pressures suffi-
cient to prevent vapor or gas loss to the atmosphere
or is designed and equipped with one of the following
vapor loss control devices:
a) A floating roof, consisting of a pontoon type,
double deck type roof or internal floating cover,
which will rest on the surface of the liquid con-
tents and be equipped with a closure seal or seals
to close the space between the roof edge and tank
wall. This control equipment shall not be per-
mitted if the volatile carbon compounds have a
vapor pressure of 11.0 pounds per square inch
absolute or greater under actual storage condi-
tions. All tank gauging and sampling devices
shall be gas-tight except when gauging or sampling
is taking place.
b) A vapor recovery system which reduces the emissions
such that the aggregate partial pressure of all
volatile carbon compound vapors in vent gases or
other material emitted to the atmosphere will not
exceed a level of 1.5 psia.
2. No person shall place, store or hold in any new sta-
tionary storage vessel of more than 1,000 gallon capacity,
any volatile carbon compound unless such vessel is
equipped with a permanent submerged fill pipe or is a
pressure tank as described in C.1. fitted with a vapor
recovery system as described C.1.b).
D. Loading and Unloading Facilities
1. a) No person shall permit the loading or unloading of
volatile carbon compounds from any loading facility
having 20,000 gallons or more throughput per day,
averaged over any 30-day period, unless such facility
is equipped with a vapor recovery system which
reduces the emissions such that the aggregate partial
pressure of all volatile carbon compound vapors in
vent gases or other material emitted to the atmos-
phere will not exceed a level of 1.5 psia.
399
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TEXAS: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
VI. STANDARDS FOR VOLATILE CARBON COMPOUNDS (CONTD.)
b) When loading or unloading is effected through the
hatches of a tank truck or trailer or railroad tank
car with a loading arm equipped with a vapor collect-
ing adaptor, then pneumatic, hydraulic, or other
mechanical means shall be provided, to force a
vapor-tight seal between the adaptor and the hatch.
A means shall be provided to prevent liquid drainage
from the loading device when it is removed from the
hatch of any tank truck, trailer or railroad tank
car, to accomplish complete drainage before such
removal. When loading or unloading is effected
through means other than hatches, all loading and
vapor lines shall be equipped with fittings which
make vapor-tight connections and which close
automatically when disconnected or equipped to'permit
residual volatile carbon compounds in the loading
line to discharge into a recovery or disposal system
after loading is complete.
E. Volatile Carbon Compound - Water Separation
1. No person shall use any compartment of any single or
multiple compartment volatile carbon compound water
separator which compartment receives 200 gallons or
more of volatile carbon compounds a day unless such
compartment is controlled in one of the following ways:
a) The compartment has all openings sealed and
totally encloses the liquid contents. All gauging
and sampling devices shall be gas-tight except
when gauging or sampling is taking place.
b) The compartment is equipped with a floating roof
or internal floating cover which will rest on the
surface of the contents and be equipped with a
closure seal or seals to close the space between
the roof edge and tank wall. All gauging and
sampling devices shall be gas-tight except when
gauging or sampling is taking place.
c) The compartment is equipped with a vapor recovery
system which reduces the emissions such that the
aggregate partial pressure of the volatile carbon
compound vapors in vent gases or other material
emitted to the atmosphere will not exceed a level
of 1.5 psia.
F. Waste Gas Disposal
1. No person shall emit a waste gas stream from any
process vent containing one or more of the specific
carbon compounds listed in 1.a) below or one or
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TEXAS: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
VI. STANDARDS FOR VOLATILE CARBON COMPOUNDS (CONTD.)
more compounds which are members of one or more of the
classes of carbon compounds listed in 1.b) unless the
waste gas stream is burned properly at a temperature
equal to or greater than 1300°F in a smokeless flare or a
direct-flame incinerator before it is allowed to enter
the atmosphere; alternate means of control may be
approved by the Executive Director in accordance with
subsection G.
a) Emission of the following specific carbon com-
pounds shall be regulated under subsection F. :
Butadiene Isoprene
Isobutylene Propylene
Styrene 2-Methyl-Styrene
b) Emission of the following classes of carbon
compounds shall be regulated under subsection F.1.:
Aldehydes Amines
Alcohols Acids
Aromatics Esters
Ethers Ketones
Olefins Sulfides
Peroxides Branched chain hydrocarbons
and above)
c) The following waste gas streams are exempt from
the requirements of F.1.:
i) Any waste gas stream having a combined weight
of the carbon compounds or classes of
compounds specified in 1.a) and 1.b) equal to
or less than 100 pounds in any consecutive
24-hour period.
ii) Any waste gas stream having a combined weight
of the carbon compounds or classes of
compounds specified in 1.a) and 1.b) greater
than 100 pounds but less than 250 pounds per
hour averaged over any consecutive 24-hour
period and having an aggregate partial
pressure of the carbon compounds and classes
specified in 1.a) and 1.b) less than .44 psia
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TEXAS; STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
VI. STANDARDS FOR VOLATILE CARBON COMPOUNDS (CONTD.)
2. No person shall emit in any one calendar year more
than five tons of total carbon compounds excluding
methane in a waste gas stream from any catalyst
regeneration of a petroleum or petrochemical process
system, or fluid-coking unit into the atmosphere unless
the waste gas stream is properly burned at a temperature
equal to or greater than 1300°F in a direct-flame
incinerator or boiler.
3. Subsection F is not intended to require incineration as
an exclusive method of control. In no event shall a
waste gas stream be incinerated if the incineration will
have no practical effect in reducing the emission of air
contaminants or will result in an actual degradation of
air quality. In all such cases, application shall be
made to the Executive Director for approval of an
alternate method of control. The Executive Director
shall approve such alternate method if it represents the
best available alternative having due regard for the
intent of subsection F. and the effect of the emissions
on ambient air quality.
G. Any person affected by any part of this section VI may request
the Executive Director to approve alternate means of control.
The Executive Director shall approve such control means if
can be demonstrated that such means will be substantially
equivalent to the methods of control approved by this
section.
H. The Executive Director, after consultation with appropriate
local governmental agencies, may exempt specific compounds or
a specific waste gas stream from the application of this
section if it can be demonstrated that the emissions from the
compound or specific waste gas stream will not make a
significant contribution of air contaminants.
VII. EMISSION STANDARDS FOR NITROGEN COMPOUNDS
A. Gas Fired Steam Generating Units
1. Affected Facilities: Sources in only the Dallas-Fort
Worth and Houston-Galveston Air Quality Control
Regions.
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TEXAS; STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
VII. EMISSION STANDARDS FOR NITROGEN COMPOUNDS (CONTD.)
2. Definitions.
a) An "opposed fired" steam generating unit is a unit
having burners installed on two opposite vertical
firebox surfaces.
b) A "front fired" steam generating unit is a unit
having all burners installed in a geometric array on
one vertical firebox surface.
c) A "tangential fired" steam generating unit is a unit
having burners installed on all corners of the unit
at various elevations.
3. Maximum Emissions (N0y expressed as NOg)
a) "Opposed fired" units of more than 600,000 Ib/hr
continuous steam capacity: 0.7 Ibs/MM Btu heat
input, max. 2 hr avg, at max. steam capacity.
b) "Front fired" units of more than 600,000 Ib/hr
continuous steam capacity: 0.5 Ibs/MM Btu heat
input, max. 2 hr avg, at max. steam capacity.
c) "Tangential fired" units of more than 600,000 Ib/hr
continuous steam capacity: 0.25 Ib/MM Btu heat
input, max. 2 hr avg, at max. steam capacity.
VIII. EMISSION STANDARDS FOR TOXIC MATERIALS
A. General
1. This standard establishes air standards for Texas as
to inorganic fluoride compounds and beryllium.
Additional standards covering other toxic materials
will be adopted as sufficient data relating to
undesirable levels of such other materials is
developed and evaluated.
2. Definitions.
a) Inorganic Fluoride Compounds. All inorganic
chemicals having one or more atoms of fluorine in
their chemical structure.
B. Standards for Inorganic Fluoride Compounds
1. Maximum Emissions
(Gaseous inorganic fluorides, expressed as HF)
a) 6 ppb (by vol.), 3-hr average.
403
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TEXAS: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
VIII. EMISSION STANDARDS FOR TOXIC MATERIALS (CONTD.)
b) Cumulative emission contributions. Contributions of
the contaminant by a single property shall be mea-
sured by stack sampling or by determining the differ-
ence between upwind level and downwind level of
inorganic fluoride compounds for that source property.
Stack sampling is the preferred method where feasible!
(Details of both methods are set forth in the
appendices of the Texas air regulations.)
C. Standards for Beryllium
1. Maximum Emission Concentration
0.01 ug/m3,24-hr average
2. Cumulative emission contributions.
The contribution of beryllium by a single property shall
be measured by the difference between the upwind level
and the downwind level of beryllium for the property, Or
by stack sampling, calculated to a downwind concentra-
tion. (Calculations to be in accordance ccordance with
procedures outlined in the appendices of the Texas air
regulations.)
IX. STANDARDS FOR NEW STATIONARY SOURCES
A. The Federal regulations for new stationary emission
sources (40 CFR, Part 60) are incorporated by reference.
The portions of these Federal regulations relevant to this
project have been synopsized herein; this synopsis may be
found under the. "Federal EPA Regulations and Standards"
section of this report.
B. The Federal regulations incorporated herein because
relevant or partially relevant to facilities within the
scope of this project cover the following listed plants or
facilities:
1. Fossil-fuel Fired Steam Generators (40 CFR, Part 60,
Subpart D).
2. Incinerators (40 CFR, Part 60, Subpart E).
3. Storage Vessels for Petroleum Liquids (40 CFR, Part
60, Subpart K).
404
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TEXAS: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
IX. STANDARDS FOR NEW STATIONARY SOURCES (CONTD.)
4. Petroleum Refineries (40 CFR, Part 60, Subpart J).
5. Coal Preparation Plants (40 CFR, Part 60, Subpart Y).
6. Also proposed Federal regulations covering lignite
fired steam generators (will be found in 40 CFR, Part
60, when issued).
X. EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS
A. Standards
1. Regulations for the substances covered in the National
Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (40
CFR, Part 61) are incorporated by reference in Texas
air regulations. Of these incorporated regulations the
regulation for Mercury emissions is relevant to this
project and therefor incorporated herein. A synopsis
of the Federal regulations for Mercury (a designated
Hazardous Air Pollutant) may be found in the "Federal
EPA Regulations and Standards" portion of this report.
405
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TEXAS INDUSTRIAL SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL
Basis: Texas Regulation on Industrial Waste Management,
December 1975
Agency: Texas Water Quality Board
Note: The recordkeeping, permit and detail notification
requirements are not provided herein, as they are
not directly applicable to the engineering design
of a facility.
I. Definitions
A. "Disposal Site" - Includes all land, facilities,
fixtures, structures, and appurtenances for receiving
handling, processing, storing, retaining, or disposing
of industrial solid waste.
B. "Industrial Hazardous Waste" - Means any waste or
mixture of waste which, in the judgment of the
Executive Director, is toxic, corrosive, flammable, a
strong sensitizer or irritant, generates sudden
pressure by decomposition, heat or other means and
would therefore be likely to cause substantial personal
injury, serious illness, or harm to human and other
living organisms.
C. "Industrial Solid Waste" - Solid waste resulting from
or incidental to any process of industry or
manufacturing or mining or agricultural operation,
including discarded or unwanted solid materials
suspended or transported in liquids, and discharged or
unwanted materials in liquid or semi-liquid form.
D. "Off-Site Disposal" - A disposal operation in which a
generator or shipper transports industrial waste to a
receiver for disposal.
E. "On-Site Disposal" - A disposal in which a generator
disposes of industrial solid waste within the
boundaries of a tract of land which is owned and
controlled by the generator and which tract of land is
located within 50 miles of the generator facility from
which the waste is produced.
II. Prohibitions
A. The collection, handling, storage and/or disposal of
industrial solid waste in such a manner to cause any of
the following is prohibited:
' 406
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TEXAS INDUSTRIAL SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL
II. Prohibitions (Contd.)
1. The discharge or threat of discharge of waste into
or adjacent to the ground or surface waters of the
State.
2. The creation of maintenance of a nuisance.
3. The endangerment of the public health and welfare;
and or
4. The disposal of industrial solid waste in an
unauthorized site by either the generator or
carrier.
III. Technical Guidelines
A. The Texas Water Quality Board will make available
copies of technical guidelines which have been
developed by the Board's staff. The guidelines outline
methods deemed adequate for solid waste disposal.
B. These guidelines are suggestive only and other
procedures which have been determined by the Board to
be equally effective may be used.
IV. Exclusions
A. Disposal sites for soil, dirt, rock, sand and other
material and man-made inert solid materials to fill
and;
B. Disposal of waste from exploration, development or
production of oil and gas;
C. Radioactive wastes.
V. Non-Commercial Operations (On-Site)
A. Any person who plans "on-site disposal" shall notify
the Board and submit such information as may be
required for a determination if a permit is required.
407
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UTAH WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
Basis: Standards of Quality for Waters of the State, Part II
Code of Waste Disposal Regulations (Reprinted April
1976).
Agency: Utah State Board of Health, Water Pollution Control
Broad.
I. STANDARDS OF QUALITY FOR WATERS OF THE STATE (PART II)
A. Scope
The standards shall be applied to waste discharges or to
waters of the state as appropriate, except that no waste
of any kind shall be'discharged from controlled areas
until it has been subjected to at least secondary
treatment.
B. Class "A" Waters
1. Scope
Class "A" waters shall be protected against controll-
able pollution including heat, to be suitable at all
times without treatment for domestic water supplies,
irrigation, stock watering, fish and wildlife pro-
pagation, recreation and industrial supplies.
2. Prohibited Discharges
Discharges in such a way as to interfere with this
class of water use or to cause the following specific
standards to be violated are prohibited:
a. Physical, .chemical, and bacteriological standards
shall be prescribed for drinking water by the
"Public Health Service Drinking Water Standards;
1962".
b. pH shall not exceed the range of 6.5 to 8.5.
c. Waters shall be essentially free from organic
substances measured by BOD.
C. Class "B" Waters
1. Scope
Class "B" waters shall be protected against
controllable pollution, including heat, to be
suitable for domestic water supplies which are
treated by disinfection only. They shall also be
suitable without treatment for irrigation, stock
watering, fish and wildlife propagation, recreation
and industrial supplies.
408
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UTAH WATER QUALITY. STANDARDS
I. STANDARDS OF QUALITY FOR WATERS OF THE STATE (PART II)
(CONTD.)
2. Prohibited Discharges
Discharges in such a way as to interfere with this class
of water uses, or to cause a violation of the following
specific standards are prohibited:
a. Physical, chemical, and bacteriological standards
shall be prescribed for drinking water by "Public
Health Service Drinking Water Standards, 1962".
b. pH shall not exceed range of 6.5 to 8.5.
c. Essentially free from organic substances measured by
BOD.
d. Coliform - shall not exceed 50/100 ml (monthly
arithmetical mean); except that 20% of samples may
exceed the standard if no more than 5% exceed 100/100
ml.
D. Class "C" Waters
1. Scope
This water use classification shall be protected as
shown for Class "A" and Class "B" waters except that for
domestic waters which are treated by coagulation,
sedimentation, filtration and disinfection.
2. Prohibited Discharges
a. Materials which settle to form objectionable deposits;
b. Floating debris, oil, scum and other matter;
c. Substances producing objectionable color, odor, taste
or turbidity;
d. Substances causing a violation of the following speci-
fic standards:
1. Standards as prescribed by "Public Health Service
Drinking Water Standards".
2. pH shall not exceed 6.5 to 8.5 nor change more
than 0.5 pH unit from other than natural causes.
409
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UTAH WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
I. STANDARDS OF QUALITY FOR WATERS OF THE STATE (PART II)
(CONTD. )~~ "
3. Coliform - shall not exceed 5000/100 ml (monthly
arithmetical mean); except that 20% of samples may
exceed the standard if no more than 5% of all
samples exceed a coliform density of 20,000/100
ml; AND fecal coliform density shall not exceed
2000/100 ml (monthly arithmetical mean).
4. BOD shall not exceed 5 mg/1 (monthly arithmetical
mean); except that 20% may exceed this value if no
more than 5% of samples exceed BOD of 10 mg/1.
5. Dissolved Oxygen shall not be less than 5.5 mg/1.
410
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UTAH; STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
Agency: Utah Air Conservation Committee
I. General Provisions
A. Definitions
1. "Committee" means Utah Air Conservation Committee.
2. "Air contaminant" means any particulate matter or
any gas, vapor, suspended solid or any combination
thereof, excluding steam and water vapors.
B. General Standards
1. Air Quality Degradation Regulated.
In areas of present high air quality where measured
or estimated ambient levels of controllable
pollutants are below the levels specified by
applicable standards, any emission of pollutant to
the ambient air must be shown to result in pollution
levels within applicable ambient air standards and
will be prohibited in any case unless shown to be
controlled to afford the highest efficiencies and the
lowest discharge rates that are reasonable and
practicable as specified in subsection B.2. below.
2. Requirements of Pollution Control Equipment
Specified.
In all areas of the State, air pollution control
equipment and processes shall be selected and
operated so as to afford the highest efficiencies and
the lowest discharge rates that are reasonable and
practicable. Reasonableness and practicability as
determined by the Committee shall take into account,
among other things, the concentration and charac-
teristics of the air contaminant in the gas stream,
technical feasibility for control, and cost benefit
relationships.
II. Visible Emission Standards
A. Affected facilities: all installations except internal
combustion engines.
B. Definitions.
1. "Ringlemann Chart" means the chart published by the
U. S. Bureau of Mines (Information Circular 7718)
which illustrates graduated shades of grey to black
for use in determining the light obscuring capability
of particulate matter.
411
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UTAH: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
II. Visible Emission Standards (Contd.)
2. "Equivalent opacity" means the relationship of opaque-
ness or percent obstruction of light to Ringlemann Chart
values for shades other than black and is approximately
equal to the following:
Equivalent Opacity ($) Ringlemann No.
20 1
40 2
80 4
C. Emission Standards.
Maximum emissions
Shade or density no darker than No. 1 Ringlemann (20%
black) or equivalent opacity.
D. Exceptions.
1. An emission failing to meet the standard because of
the effect of uncombined water shall not be in
violation.
2. Stationary operating diesel engines shall have the
same limitation as in C except that the limitation
may be exceeded for not more than 3 minutes in any
hour.
3. Excessive emissions for malfunctions, start-up, blow-
down, planned maintenance and the like shall not be
violations if proper reporting requirements are complied
with.
III. Emission Standards for Particulate Matter
A. Affected facilities: Process units or systems emitting
100 tons or more of particulates annually, based on zero
control (excluding particulates which are the products of
combustion of fuel oil, LPG or natural gas); coal-fired
steam electric power generating units, coal-fired space
heating units with rated input capacities of 10 MM Btu's per
hour or greater.
B. Emission Standard *
85% control of particulate emissions (based on source
emissions at maximum operating capacity with control
devices not operating).
"*" Subject to further restrictions in these regulations pertaining
to visible emissions (Section II), and general limitations (subsection
IB) .
412
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UTAH: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
IV. Standards for Sulfur and Sulfur Compounds
A. Sulfur Content in Fuels
1. Standards for fuels in fuel burning or process
installations.
Coal - 1.0$ S(by weight),maximum
Oil - 1.5% S (by weight), maximum
2. Exemptions. An exemption from the standards of A.I.
may be applied for and will be granted where the
Committee is satisfied that control equipment being
used is controlling sulfur emissions to a greater
degree than the limitations in A.I.
B. Emission Standards for Sulfur Compounds
1. Affected facilities: Installations with a potential
for emission of sulfur compounds as gaseous or mist
effluent.
2. Emission Standards
a) Emissions of sulfur compounds shall be controlled
so as not to exceed sulfur oxides limitations in
the National Ambient Air Quality Standards
(Primary and Secondary) and in the Federal
Standards of Performance for New Stationary
Sources.
b) Any gases by-passing a desulfurization unit
during a period of scheduled maintenance shall be
otherwise processed by available gas-cleaning
equipment normally in use regardless of whether a
temporary variance or exception is granted as to
2.a).
V. Standards for New Stationary Sources
A. The Federal regulations for new stationary emission
sources (40 CFR, Part 60) are incorporated. The portions
of these Federal regulations relevant to this project
have been synopsized herein and this synopsis may be
found under the "Federal EPA Regulations and Standards"
section of this report.
B. The Federal regulations incorporated herein because
relevant or partially relevant to fossil-fuel conversion
facilities within the scope of this project cover the
following listed plants or facilities:
1. Fossil-fuel fired steam generators (40 CFR, Part 60,
Subpart D).
413
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UTAH: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
Standards for New Stationary Sources (Contd.)
2. Incinerators (40 CFR, Part 60, Subpart E).
3. Storage Vessels for Petroleum Liquids (40 CFR, Part
60, Subpart K).
4. Petroleum Refineries (40 CFR, Part 60, Subpart J).
5. Also, proposed Federal regulations covering lignite
fired steam generators (will be found in 4o CFR, Part
60 when issued).
414
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UTAH SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL REGULATIONS
Basis: Code of Solid Waste Disposal Regulations
July 197H
Agency: State Department of Social Services, Division of
Health, Bureau of Solid Waste Management
Note: (1) Industrial facilities icluding coal processing
facilities are handled on a case-by-case basis
as reviewed in a pre-design or
pre-construction conference.
I. Hazardous and Special Waste Disposal
(interpretation of the Utah State Code of Solid Waste
Disposal Regulations)
A. Approval for Disposal of Hazardous Wastes will depend
upon the following:
1. Location of hazardous waste disposal area;
2. Consideration of pertinent geological data;
3. Responsible control of hazardous waste disposal
sites;
4. Precautions to protect all surface and ground
waters.
B. Operational Requirements Incuded but Not Limited to
the Following:
1. Acceptance of hazardous material is to be
determined on a case-by-case basis with regard to
type of waste, total volume, and other factors
pertinent to immediate and long range protection.
2. Disposition at the site must be approved in advance
by the local health-jurisdiction.
3. Hazardous materials are to be covered with earth
fill immediately after deposition.
II. Code of Solid Waste Disposal Regulations
A. Indiscriminate Dumping
1. It shall be unlawful for any person to deposit any
solid waste in any place except at a site which has
been so designated to accept such wastes.
415
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UTAH SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL REGULATIONS
II. Code of Solid Waste Disposal Regulations (Contd.)
B. Site Operation
The site operation criteria provides operational
requirements such as, but not limited to, adequate fire
protection, adequate supervision, proper fill and
compaction, and provisions for litter and dust control.
There are no direct applicable design requirements
provided by this section.
416
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VIRGINIA WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
Basis: Water Quality Standards (November 197*0
Agency: State Water Control Board
GENERAL STANDARDS (Statewide Application)
A. State waters shall be maintained at such quality as
will permit all reasonable and beneficial uses.
B. All state waters shall be free from:
1. Substances attributable to sewage and industrial
waste which nclude but not limited to:
a. Floating debris;
b. Oil;
c. Scum and other floating materials;
d. Toxic substances;
e. Substances that produce color, tastes, and
odors;
f. Substances that settle to form sludge
deposits; and
g. Heated substances.
C. In addition to other standards established for the
protection of public water suplies; the following
standards shall apply at the raw water intake point.
Constitutent Concentration
Physical
Color (color units) 75
Inorganic Chemicals mg/1
Alkalinity 30-500
Arsenic 0.05
Barium 1.0
Boron 1.0
Cadmium 0.01
Chloride 250.0
Chromium, hexavalent 0.05
Copper 1.0
Fluoride 1.7
Iron (filterable) 0.3
Lead 0.05
Manganese (filterable) 0.05
Nitrates plus Nitrites (as N) 10.0
Selenium 0.01
Silver 0.05
Sulfate 250.0
Total Dissolved Solids (filterable 500.0
residue)
Uranyl Ion 5.0
417
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CO
II.
VIRGINIA WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
RULES WITH SPECIFIC APPLICATION BASED ON CLIMATE,
GEOGRAPHICAL AREA OR USES
(CONTD.)
TEMPERATURE aF»»
MAJOR
CLASS
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
GEOGRAPHICAL AREA OR OTHER
DESCRIPTION OF WATERS
Open Ocean (Seaside of the
Land Mass)
Estuarine (Tidal Water -
Coastal Zone to Fall Line)
Free Flowing Streams (Coastal
Zone and Piedmont Zone to the
Crest of the Mountains)
Mountainous Zone
Put and Take Trout Waters
Natural Trout Waters
DISSOLVED
Minimum
5.0
H, o
n.o
n.o
5.0
6.0
OXYGEN mg/1
Daily Average pH
6.0-8.5
5.0 6.0-8.5
5.0 6.0-8.5
5.0 6.0-8.5
6.0 6.0-8.5
7.0 6.0-8.5
Rise above
Natural*
4.0 (Sept. -May)
1.5 (June-Aug. )
H.O(Sept.-May)
1.5(June-Aug. )
5
5
5
5«».
Maximum
—
—
90
87
70
68
* Natural temperature due solely to natural conditions without the influence of any point source discharge.
** A maximum hourly temperature change of 2°F is to apply beyond the boundaries of mixing zones and does not
apply top temperatures caused by natural conditions.
•**Any rise above natural temperature to be allowed by the Board shall be determined on a case-by-case basis,
but in no instance shall exceed 5°F.
-------
VIRGINIA WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
I. GENERAL STANDARDS (Statewide Application) (CONTD.)
Constitutent Concentration
Organic Chemicals mg/1
Carbon Chloroform Extract 0.15
Cyanide 0.20
Methylene blue active substances 0.5
Phenols 0.001
Raidoactivity pCi/1
Gross beta 1000
Radium-226 3
Strontium-90 10
D. Temperature (Lakes and Inpoundments)
1. Temperature of the epilimnion (in those areas
where important organisms are likely to be
adversely affected) shall not be raised more than
3° F above the ambient temperature. The increase
of temperature is to be based on the monthly
average of the maximum daily temperature.
E. Anti-degradation
Waters whose existing quality is better than the
established standards will be maintained at the high
quality; provided that the State Water Quality Board
has the power to authorize any project which would
create a new or increased discharge of effluent to
high quality water provided that the necessary degree
of waste treatment to maintain high water quality will
be required.
II. RULES WITH SPECIFIC APPLICATION BASED ON CLIMATE,
GEOGRAPHICAL AREA OR USES
A. Primary Classification of Waters within the State
419
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VIRGINIA WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
III,
SUBCLASSES TO COMPLEMENT MAJOR WATER CLASS DESIGNATIONS
A. Subclass A
1. Applicability
Waters which are generally satisfactory for use as
public or municipal water supply, secondary
contract recreation, propagation of fish and
aquatic life, and other beneficial uses.
2.
Coliform Organisms
Fecal Coliform (logmean)
a.
B. Subclass B
1. Applicability
£1000/100 ml not to
equal or exceed
<200/100 ml in more
than 10$ of samples
Waters which are generally satisfactory for use as
public or municipal water supply, primary contact
recreation (considerable risk of ingestion),
propagation of fish and other aquatic life, and
other beneficial uses.
2. Coliform Organisms
a. Fecal Coliforms (30 day £200/100 ml not more
logmean) 400/100 ml in 10%
of samples
IV. APPLICATION OF STANDARDS
B.
Based on climate, geographical location, or type, all
waters will be assigned a major class (I-VI above) and
a subclass A or B to indicate appropriate coliform
standard, as well as the required specific water
quality criteria applicable to the particular
receiving water.
All waters within the state shall be satisfactory for
fishing and secondary contact recreation.
420
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VIRGINIA: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
Agency: State Air Pollution Control Board
I. General Provisions
A. Definitions
1. "Opacity" means the degree to which emissions reduce
the transmission of light and obscure the view of an
object in the background, expressed as a percentage.
2. "Best available control technology" shall be determined
on a case-by-case basis considering the following:
a) The process, fuels and raw material available and to
be employed in the facility involved;
b) The engineering aspects of the application of
various types of control techniques which have been
adequately demonstrated;
c) Process and fuel changes;
d) The respective costs of application of all such
control techniques, process changes, alternative
fuels, etc. ;
e) Any applicable emission standards; and
f) Location and siting considerations.
3. "Fossil Fuel" means natural gas, petroleum, coal and
any form of solid, liquid or gaseous fuel derived from
such material for the purpose of creating useful heat.
II. Visible Emission Standards
A. Maximum Emissions
20 % opacity
B. Exceptions
1. It shall not be a violation where the presence of
uncombined water is the only reason for failure to meet
the requirements of this section.
2. Opacity standards herein shall not apply during periods
of startup, shutdown, or malfunction.
III. Emission Standards for Fugitive Dust
A. General
1. Definition. "Fugitive Dust" means solid airborne
particulate matter or dust emitted from any source
other than a flue, a stack, or open burning.
421
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VIRGINIA; STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
III. Emission Standards for Fugitive Dust (Contd.)
2. Affected facilities: Any facility that emits or
causes fugitive dust.
B. Control Standards
1. During the construction, modification or operation
phase of a stationary source or any other building,
structure, facility or installation, no person shall
cause, allow or permit any materials to be handled,
transported or stored; or a building, its appurten-
ances or a road to be used, constructed, altered,
repaired or demolished without taking reasonable
precautions to prevent particulate matter from
becoming airborne. Such reasonable precautions may
include, but are not limited to the following:
a) Use, where possible, of water or chemicals for
control of dust in the demolition of existing
buildings or structures, construction operations,
the grading of roads or the clearing of land;
b) Application of asphalt, oil, water or suitable
chemicals on dirt roads, materials stockpiles and
other surfaces which can create airborne dust;
c) Installation and use of hoods, fans and fabric
filters to enclose and vent the handling of dusty
materials. Adequate containment methods shall be
employed during sandblasting or other similar
operations;
d) Open equipment for conveying or transporting
materials likely to become airborne which would
create objectionable air pollution shall be
covered, or treated in an equally effective manner
at all times when in motion;
e) The paving of roadways and their maintenance in a
clean condition;
f) The prompt removal of dirt or other material from
paved streets over which such material has been
transported by trucking or earth moving equipment
or erosion by water.
422
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VIRGINIA: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
IV. Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants
A. Standards for Mercury and Beryllium. The Federal
regulations for mercury and beryllium emissions (40 CFR,
Part 61) are incorporated by reference. Mercury and
beryllium are designated Hazardous Air Pollutant in the
Federal regulations. The applicable Federal regulations
have been synopsized herein and may be found under the
"Federal EPA Regulations and Standards" section of this
report.
B. Standards for Other Hazardous Air Pollutants
1. Definition. "Hazardous air pollutant" means an air
pollutant to which no ambient air quality standard is
applicable and which may cause, or contribute to, an
increase in mortality or an increase in serious
irreversible or incapacitating reversible illness.
Hazardous air pollutants include, but are not limited
to the following:
a) Materials or substances listed in 29 CFR 1910.1000
(Occupational Safety and Health threshold limits for
various substances for employee protection).
b) Substances which an owner knows or reasonably
should be expected to know are hazardous air pol-
lutants in the concentrations and at the condi-
tions present in the ambient air as a result of
emissions from an affected facility.
2. Affected facilities: Any facility that may emit a
hazardous air pollutant.
3. Emission Standards
a) Hazardous air pollutants shall not be emitted to
the atmosphere in such quantities as to cause
ambient air concentra'tions that may cause or
contribute to a harmful effect.
b) Best available control technology as approved by
the Board shall be employed for the control of
hazardous air pollutants.
c) Exceptions. Mercury and beryllium (for which
limitations are covered in part A. of this
regulation) are not subject to the requirements of
this part.
423
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VIRGINIA; STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
IV. Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (CONTD.)
d) Solely as a guide for case-by-case considerations,
potentially harmful ambient air concentrations
shall be considered to be one-hour concentrations
in excess of 1/20 of the eight-hour limit set
forth in tables in 29 CFR 910.1000 (see B.I, of
this section) except for those materials generally
recognized as being not harmful in the ambient
air. No analysis has been made of this list to
determine relevant compounds and values for
standards as it is anticipated that analysis of
health effects'and projected standards for many
such currently non-criteria trace elements is to
be the subject of future project work.
e) Violations of this part shall be determined on a'
case-by-case basis after investigation and
thorough review of all data, evidence and
circumstances by the Board.
V. Standards for Odorous Emissions
A. Best available control technology as approved by the
Board shall be used to limit odorous emissions from any
facility that emits an odor or odors.
B. After 180 days from initial startup, no odor shall be
emitted from a facility such that the odor would be
objectionable to a person of ordinary sensibility.
C. Exception. The standards in this rule shall not apply
to accidental or other infrequent emissions.
VI. Standards of Performance for New Stationary Sources
A. The Federal regulations for new stationary emission
sources (current MO CFR, Part 60 and subsequent Federal
Registers) are incorporated by reference. The portions
of these Federal regulations relevant to this project
have been synopsized herein and this synopsis may be
found under the "Federal EPA Regulations and Standards"
section of this report.
B. The new source Federal regulations incorporated herein
because relevant or partially relevant to fossil-fuel
conversion facilities within the scope of this project
cover the following listed plants or facilities:
1. Fossil-fuel fired steam generators (40 CFR, Part 60,
Subpart D).
424
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VIRGINIA; STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
VI. Standards of Performance for New Stationary Sources (Contd.)
2. Incinerators (40 CFR, Part 60, Subpart E).
3. Storage Vessels for Petroleum Liquids (40 CFR, Part
60, Subpart K).
4. Petroleum Refineries (40 CFR, Part 60, Subpart J).
5. Also, proposed Federal regulations covering lignite
fired steam generators (will be found in 40 CFR,
Part 60 when issued).
VII. Particulate Emission from Existing Fuel Burning Equipment
A. Emission Standards for Furnaces
1. No owner shall allow to be emitted into the outdoor
atmosphere from any fuel burning equipment or to pass
a convenient measuring point near the stack outlet,
particulate matter in the flue gases to exceed the
appropriate following standard:
a) For operations with total heat input less than
twenty-five million (25 x 10 ) Btu per hour, the
maximum allowable emission shall be 0.4 pounds
of particulate per million Btu input.
b) For operations with total heat input between
twenty-five million (25 x 10 ) and ten billion
(10,000 x 10 ) Btu per hour, the maximum allowable
emission, in pounds per million Btu input, E, shall
be determined by the following equation:
E = 0.8425 H~°'2314
where H is the total heat in millions of Btu per
hour.
c) For operations with total heat input in excess of
ten billion (10,000 x 10 ) Btu per hour, the maxi-
mum allowable emission shall be 0.10 pounds of
particulate per million Btu input.
For purposes of this regulation, the heat input shall
be the aggregate heat content of all fuels whose
products of combustion pass through a stack or stacks.
The heat input value used shall be the equipment manu-
facturer's or designer's guarantee maximum input, or
maximum continuous heat input, or maximum continuous
heat input determined by test, whichever is greater.
The total heat input of all fuel burning units at a
425a
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VIRGINIA; STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
plant or on a premise normally operated simulta-
neously shall be used for determining the maximum
allowable amount of particulate matter which may
be emitted.
B. Emmission Testing
Emission tests relating to this rule apply to recog-
nized ASME methods. The approved methods are the ASME
Test Code for Dust Separating Apparatus (PTC-21-1941)
and the ASME Test Code for Determining Concentrations
in Gas Streams (PTC-27-1957). Procedures may be adjusted
or changed by the Executive Director to suit specific
sampling conditions or needs based upon good practice,
judgement and experience. When such tests are adjusted,
consideration shall be given to the effect of such
change on established emission standards.
C. Exemptions
All fuel burning equipment using solid fuel for space
and domestic water heating with a Btu input of less
than 350,000 Btu per hour shall be exempt from this rule.
All fuel burning equipment using gas or oil for space
and domestic water heating with a Btu input of less
than 1,000,000 Btu per hour shall be exempt from this
rule.
VIII. Gaseous Contaminants
A. Prohibition of Gaseous Contaminant Emissions
No owner shall allow the operation of combustion instal-
lation and process equipment so as to disperse into the
outdoor atmosphere gaseous contaminant emissions in such
quantities or concentrations as to injure human, plant
or animal life, or cause a condition of air pollution.
B. Sulfur Containing Gases and Compounds
No person shall cause suffer, allow or permit the emis-
sion from any source operation an in-stack sulfur
dioxide concentration exceeding 2000 ppm by volume
except as provided in the following:
1. Control of the Emission of Sulfur Dioxide from
Combustion Installations.
No person shall cause, suffer, allow, or permit
sulfur dioxide caused by the combustion of fuel
425b
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VIRGINIA; STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
to be discharged from all combustion installations
at a given location in excess of the quantity
shown in the following equation:
S = 2.64K, where
S = allowable emissions of sulfur
oxides in pourids/hr.
K = Total capacity rating of combus-
tion installation in Btu x 10 /hr.
In those regions, districts, or locations where
attainment of the ambient air quality standards
is required, the Board may require emission
performance in accordance with one of the follow-
ing equations:
S = 1.58K
S = 1.08K, or
S = 0.55K
425C
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VIRGINIA SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL REGULATIONS
Basis: Regulations Governing Disposal of Solid Waste
(1971)
Agency: Virginia Department of Health
Note: A permit must be obtained from the State Board of
Health prior to constructing or operating a solid
waste system.
I. General
A. Each county, city and town shall be responsible for the
proper disposal of solid wastes within its jurisdiction
including commercial, manufacturing and industrial
wastes.
B. Counties, cities, and towns may accept solid wastes
from industrial sources for disposal in the same system
used for residential wastes, or they may require such
solid waste source to operate separate disposal
facilities which conform to the requirements outlined
in the waste disposal regulations.
II. Approved Solid Waste Disposal Methods
A. Sanitary Landfills;
B. Incinerators; or
C. New or unique methods that in the opinion of the Health
Commissioner can be constructed and operated without
environmental degradation and creating hazards.
D. Inert solid waste may be disposed of on land without
cover.
III. Sanitary Landfill
A. Requirement for Sanitary Landfill sites:
1. The size of the site must be adequate for its
intended use;
2. There shall be properly maintained all-weather
roads to and on the;
3. There shall be a sufficient and suitable quality of
material to cover the solid waste;
426
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VIRGINIA SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL REGULATIONS
III. Sanitary Landfill (Contd.)
4. The site shall be located and the operation so
designed to prevent pollution of ground and surface
waters.
B. Requirements for Sanitary Landfill Operation
The requirements under this section are operational
standards and provide no direct applicable design
criteria. Therefore, they are not included within this
synopsis.
IV. Incinerators
A. Requirements for Incinerators:
1. Plans and specifications for incinerators shall be
prepared by a registered engineer and subject to
review and approval before construction begins.
2. The incinerator shall be designed to meet all
applicable air and water pollution control rules
and regulations.
3. Provisions shall be made for suitable residue
disposal.
4. Hazardous waste will not be disposed of in
incinerators except as approved.
V. Disposal of Hazardous Waste
A. Hazardous waste shall be disposed of only in a manner
approved by the Department.
427
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WASHINGTON WATER QUALITY CRITERIA
Basis: Washington Administrative Code (WAC) Chapter
173-201, August 1973
Agency: State of Washington Department of Ecology
GENERAL WATER USE AND CRITERIA
The following criteria are applicable to the various
classes of waters in the state as follows:
A. Class AA (Extraordinary)
1. Characteristic of uses shall include, but are
not limited to, the following:
a. Water supply (domestic, industrial,
agricultural).
b. Wildlife habitat, stock watering.
c. General recreation and aesthetic enjoyment.
d. General marine recreation and navigation.
e. Fish and shellfish production.
2. Water Quality Criteria
a. Total Coliform Organisms (median)
£50/100 ml (fresh water) or 70 (marine
water) with less than 10% of samples
exceeding 230/100 ml when associated with
any fecal source.
b. Dissolved Oxygen
>9.5 mg/1 (fresh water)
>7.0 mg/1 (marine water)
c. Total Dissolved Gas
<11Q% of saturation at any point of
sample collection.
428
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WASHINGTON WATER QUALITY CRITERIA
I. GENERAL WATER USE AND CRITERIA (CONTD.)
d. Temperature
£60°F (fresh water)
<_55°F (marine water)
(1) Allowable temperature increase:
Fresh water t= 75/(T-22)
Marine water t= 24/(T-39)
Where:
t = allowable temperature increase,
and
T = water temperature due to all
causes combined
e. pH (range)
6.5 - 8.5 (fresh water)
7.0 - 8.5 (marine water)
f. Turbidity
£5 JTU over natural conditions
g. Toxic, Radioactive, or Deleterious Material
Concentrations
Shall be less than those which may affect
public health or desirability of the
water for any use.
h. Aesthetic Values
Shall not be 'impaired by the presence of
materials which are offensive to sight,
smell, touch or taste.
B. Class A (Excellent)
1. The characteristics of uses are the same as for
Class AA waters (See I., A, 1 above) except
commerce and navigation has been added.
2. Water Quality Criteria.
429
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WASHINGTON WATER QUALITY CRITERIA
I. GENERAL WATER USE AND CRITERIA (CONTD.)
a. Total coliform organisms (median)
^240/100 ml (fresh water) with less than 20%
of samples exceeding 1000 when associated
with any fercal source or 70/100 ml (marine
water) with less than 10? of samples
exceeding 230 when associated with any fecal
source.
b. Dissolved Oxygen
>8.0 mg/1 (fresh water) or
>6.0 mg/1 (marine water)
c. Total Dissolved Gas
of saturation at any point of sample
collection
d. Temperature
55 oF (fresn water) or
6l°F (marine water)
(1) Allowable temperature increase:
Fresh water t = 90/(T-19)
Marine water t = 40/(T-35)
Where:
t = allowable temperature increase, and
T = water temperature due to all causes
combied .
e. Turbidity
<5 JTU over natural conditions.
f. pH (range)
6.5 - 8.5 (fresh water)
7.0 - 8.5 (marine water)
g. Toxic, Radioactive, or Deleterious Material
Concentrations
Shall be below those of public health
significance, or which may cause acute or
chronic toxic conditions or adversely affect
any water use.
430
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WASHINGTON WATER QUALITY CRITERIA
I. GENERAL WATER USE AND CRITERIA (CONTD.)
h. Aesthetic Values
No substances which are offensive to sight,
smell, touch or taste.
Class B (Good)
1. The characteristics of use are similar to those
of Class A waters except they are to be used
only as industrial and agricultural water
supply.
2. V/ater Quality Criteria
a. Total Coliform Organisms (median)
£1000/100 ml with less than 10% of
samples exceeding 2400/100 ml when
associated with any fecal source.
b. Dissolved Oxygen
>6.5 mg/1 (fresh water) or
>5.0 mg/1 (marine water), or
70% saturation, whichever is greater
c. Total Dissolved Gas
<110% of saturation at any point of
sample collection
d. Temperature
£70°F (fresh water)
<66°F (marine water)
(1) Allowable temperature increase:
Fresh water t = 110/T-15)
Marine water t = 52/(T-32)
Where:
t = allowable temperature increase,
and
T = water temperature due to all
combined causes
431
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WASHINGTON WATER QUALITY CRITERIA
I. GENERAL WATER USE AND CRITERIA (CONTD.)
e. pH (range)
6.5 - 8.5 (fresh water)
7.0 - 8.5 (marine water)
f. Turbidity
^10 JTU over natural conditions
g. Toxic, Radioactive, or Deleterious Material
Concentrations
Shall be below those which adversely
affect public health during the exercise
of characteristic usages, or which may
cause acute or chronic conditions to the
aquatic biota, or which may adversely
affect water use.
h. Asthetic Values
Shall not be reduced by dissolved,
suspended, floating or submerged matter
so as to affect water usage.
D. Class C (Fair)
1. Characteristic uses shall include, but not be
limited to, the following:
a. Cooling water
b. Commerce and navigation
c. Fish passage
d. Boating.
2. Water Quality Criteria.
a. Total Coliform Organisms (median values)
<_1000/100 ml when associated with any
fecal source.
432
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WASHINGTON WATER QUALITY CRITERIA
I. GENERAL WATER USE AND CRITERIA (CONTD.)
b. Dissolved Oxygen
5.0 mg/1 (fresh water) or
4.0 mg/1 (marine water), or
50% saturation, whichever is greater
c. Total Dissolved Gas
-------
WASHINGTON WATER QUALITY CRITERIA
I. GENERAL WATER USE AND CRITERIA (CONTD.)
E. Lake Class
1 . Characteristic uses for this class of waters
include, but are not limited to, the following:
a. Water Supply (domestic, industrial, agricul-
tural )
b. Wild life habitat, stock watering
c. General recreation and aesthetic enjoyment
2. Water Quality Criteria
a. Total Coliform Organisms (median)
£240/100 ml with less than 20$ of
samples exceeding 1000/100 ml when
associated with any fecal source.
b. Dissolved oxygen
No measurable decrease from natural
conditions
c. Total dissolved gas
of saturation at any point of
sample collection
Temperature
pH
No measurable change from natural
conditions
No measurable change from natural
conditions
f. Turbidity
<5 JTU over natural conditions
g. Toxic, Radioactive, or Deleterious Material
Concentrations
Shall be less than those which may
affect public health, the natural
aquatic environment, or the desirability
of the water for any usage.
434
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WASHINGTON WATER QUALITY CRITERIA
I. GENERAL WATER USE AND CRITERIA (CONTD.)
h. Aesthetic Values
Shall not be impaired by the presence of
materials which offend the senses of sight,
smell, touch, or taste.
II. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
A. Usually whenever receiving waters are of a higher
quality than the criteria assigned, the existing water
quality shall constitute the water quality criteria.
B. Whenever the natural conditions are a lower quality than
the assigned criteria, the natural conditions shall
constitute the water quality criteria.
C. NPDES Permit
The State of Washington does administer the NPDES permit
program and a. permit would be required for any discharge
of wastes to navigable water. Effluent limitations
would be imposed on such discharges consistant with EPA
requirements for specific categories of industry.
435
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WASHINGTON; STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
Agency: Department of Ecology
I. General Provisions
A. Definitions
1. "General process sources" means sources using a
procedure or a combination of procedures for the
purpose of causing a change in material by either
chemical or physical means excluding combustion.
2. "Materials handling" means the handling,
transporting, loading, unloading, storage, and
transfer of material with no significant alteration
of the chemical or physical properties of the
material.
3. "Particulate matter" means small discrete masses of
liquid or solid, exclusive of uncombined water.
4. "Sensitive area" means an area in which more
stringent standards and compliance requirements
apply to specified source categories than apply to
such source categories outside a sensitive area.
B. General Air Contaminant Emission Standard
It shall be prohibited to cause or permit the emission
of any air contaminant or water vapor from any source,
including air contaminants not otherwise prohibited or
limited by this regulation, if the air contaminant or
water vapor causes detriment to the health, safety, or
welfare of any person, or causes damage to business or
property.
II. Visible Emission Standards
A. Maximum emission
1. Not to exceed 20% opacity for more than 3 minutes in
any hour.
2. Exceptions:
a) When it can be shown emissions in excess of 20%
will not occur for more than 15 minutes in any 8
consecutive hours.
436
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WASHINGTON: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
II. Visible Emission Standards (Contd.)
b) When it can be shown that opacity exceeds the
limitation of A.1. as the result of the
presence of condensed water droplets and that
the concentration of particulate matter is less
than 0.10 gr/scf. For combustion emission the
.exhaust gas volume shall be corrected to 1%
02-
III. Standards for Odorous Emissions
A. Recognized good practice and procedure shall be used to
reduce any odors generated from any source which may
unreasonably intefere with an adjoining property owner's
use and enjoyment of his property.
IV. Standards for Fugitive Dust
A. Definitions
1. "Fugitive dust" means particulate material which is
generated incidental to an operation, process or
procedure and is emitted into the open air from
points other than an opening designed for emissions
such as a stack or vent.
B. Materials Handling
1. Reasonable precautions shall be taken to prevent
release to the atmosphere of contaminants generated
by materials handling.
2. Materials handling sources shall not be subject to
the limitation of section II herein.
C. Reasonable precautions shall be taken to prevent
fugitive dust from becoming airborne:
1) When handling, transporting, or storing particulate
material;
2) When constructing, altering, repairing or
demolishing a building, its appurtenances, or a
road; and
3) From an untreated open area.
437
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WASHINGTON: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
V. Emission Standards for Particulate Matter
A. Definitions
1. "Combustion and incineration sources" means sources
using combustion for waste disposal, steam
production, chemical recovery or other process
requirements and excludes open burning.
B. General
It shall be prohibited to cause or permit the emission
of particulate matt-er from any source which becomes
deposited beyond the property line of such source in
sufficient quantities to interfere unreasonably with the
use and enjoyment of the receiving property.
C. Standards for Combustion and Incineration Sources
1. Maximum emission (either type of facility)
0.10 gr/dscf of exhaust gases
2. Incinerators (only)
a) It shall be prohibited to cause or permit
emissions in excess of 100 ppm of total carbonyls
in the exhaust gases.
b) Incinerators shall be operated only during
daylight hours unless written permission to
operate at other times is obtained from the
Department.
3. Concentrations for combustion and incineration
sources will be determined after the relevant
volumes are corrected to 7% oxygen.
D. Standards for General Process Sources
1. Maximum emission
0.10 gr/dscf of exhaust gas
VI. Emission Standards for Sulfur Dioxide (S02)
A. Maximum emission concentration
1000 ppm (by vol) in dry exhaust gases (correct exhaust
gas volume to 7% 03 for combustion emissions)
438
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WASHINGTON: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
VI. Emission Standards for Sulfur Dioxide (S02) (Contd.)
B. Exception
1. When sufficient emission data is supplied and it can
be demonstrated to the department that there is no
feasible method of reducing the concentration to
less than 1000 ppm and that the ambient air quality
standard for sulfur dioxide will not be exceeded,
the director may require the owner or operator to
equip, operate, and maintain as many as three
continuous ambient air monitoring stations at
locations approved by and using equipment approved
by the director in order to allow an exception to
the standard in A. above.
VII. Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants
A. The National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air
Pollutants (40 CFR, Part 61) which currently cover
asbestos, beryllium, beryllium rocket motor firing and
mercury and are promulgated by the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency are adopted by reference. Of these
incorporated standards, those for mercury emissions and
beryllium emissions are relevant to this project.
VIII. Standards for New Stationary Sources
A. Most Federal regulations for new stationary emission
sources (40 CFR, Part 60) are incorporated by reference
with several minor procedural changes. The portions of
such Federal regulations relevant to this project have
been synopsized and this synopsis may be found under the
"Federal EPA Regulations and Standards" part of this
report.
B. The Federal emission source regulations incorporated by
reference which are relevant or partially relevant to
fossil-fuel conversion facilities and within the scope
of this project cover the following listed plants or
facilities :
VIII. Standards for New Stationary Sources
1. Incinerators (40 CFR, Part 60, Subpart E).
2. Storage Vessels for Petroleum Liquids (40 CFR, Part
60, Subpart K).
3. Petroleum Refineries (40 CFR, Part 60, Subpart J).
439
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WASHINGTON; STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
VIII. Standards for New Stationary Sources
C. The Federal standards for emissions from fossil-fuel
fired steam generators (40 CFR, Part 60, Subpart D) are
not incorporated herein because such facilities are
covered by the Washington power plant siting statutes
(chapter 80.50 RCW). Applicable particulate emission
standards for these facilities are covered by section V.
herein, however.
D. Where certain Federally restricted contaminents from any
of the specific sources listed in subsection B. above
are also covered in other sections of these regulations,
the more stringent standard shall apply.
440
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WASHINGTON SOLID WASTE STANDARDS
Basis: (1) Solid Waste Management Law, Chapter 70.95 RCW
and Senate Bill No. 2038 passed March 1976
which pertains to hazardous waste.
(2) Regulation Relating to Minimum Functional
Standards for Solid Waste Handling, Chapter
173-301, November 1972.
Agency: State Department of Ecology, Solid Waste
Management Division.
Notes: (1) The functional standards are used as a
guidance toward the required case-by-case
review and approval of individual facilities
by the Department.
(2) According to the Solid Waste Management Act,
nothing shall prohibit a person from dumping
or depositing solid waste resulting from his
own activities onto or under the surface of
the ground owned or leased by him when such
action does not violate statutes or
ordinances, or create a nuisance.
I. Regulation Relating to Miniminum Functional Standards
for Solid Waste
A. Solid Waste Disposal Site
1. Approval is required prior to the establishment of
a solid waste disposal site (however see note (2)
above).
2. A disposal site shall be designed and constructed
so as to:
(a) Be esthetically compatible with the
surrounding environment;'
(b) Be enclosed by a fence;
(c) Have buildings of sturdy construction;
(d) Have the unloading area protected to prevent
blowing material onto adjoining areas;
(e) Have an adequate buffer zone around the area;
and
(f) Comply with local zoning and building codes.
441
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WASHINGTON SOLID WASTE STANDARDS
I. Regulation Relating to Minirainum Functional Standards
for Solid Waste (Contd.)
3. Adequate pollution control measures shall be
provided as follows:
(a) Surface water runoff from around the disposal
site shall be intercepted and diverted around
or under the site.
(b) Surface runoff shall not cause a violation of
receiving water standards.
(c) Ground water pollution controls shall be
provided as necessary.
(d) Air pollution and dust controls shall be
provided as needed.
(e) Open burning is prohibited.
(f) Noise controls shall be provided where
necessary.
4. All weather roads shall be provided and maintained
in good conditions.
B. Sanitary Landfill
1. Leachate Control
Plans for a sanitary landfill shall include
provisions for the interception and treatment of
leachate at all sites where the average annual
precipitation is 25 inches or more. A sampling and
testing program for the leachate and its treated
effluent may be required.
2. Pollution Prevention
(a) The distance separating the bottom of a
sanitary landfill disposing of readily
decomposable organic waste and hazardous waste
shall be determined on a case-by-case basis.
(b) However, generally a separation equivalent to
four (4) feet of imprevious soil shall be the
minimum separation between the bottom of the
fill and the highest ground water.
442
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WASHINGTON SOLID-WASTE STANDARDS
I. Regulation Relating to Miniminum Functional Standards
for Solid Waste (Contd.)
3. Gas Venting
Provision shall be made for the adequate venting or
redirecting of gases generated by solid waste, if
conditions require.
C. Incinerator
Incinerators shall be designed in a manner to conform
to the current edition of the Oregon-Washington
incinerator committee standard.
II. Solid Waste Management Act
A. Substitute Senate Bill No. 2038 (became state law March
1976). An Act Relating to Hazardous Wastes
1. This Act gives the Department of Ecology the
authority to adapt regulations designating
hazardous wastes; and
2. Adopt and revise, when appropriate, minimum
standards and regulations for the disposal of
extremely hazardous wastes, to protect against
hazards to the public, and to the environment.
3. No person shall dispose of designated extremely
hazardous wastes at any disposal site in the state
other than disposal sites established and approved
for such purpose, except when such wastes are going
to a processing facility which will result in the
waste being reclaimed, treated, detoxified,
neutralized, or otherwise processed to remove its
harmful properties or characteristics.
443
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WEST VIRGINIA WATER QUALITY CRITERIA
Basis: Administrative Regulations of the State of
West Virginia for water quality criteria on
Inter-and-Intrastate Streams, 1974.
Agency: Department of Natural Resources, Division of
Water Resources.
Note: 1. A permit from the Division of Water Resources
is required for the discharge of any pollutant
or combination of pollutants into the waters of
the state. Also, a permit is required to open
reopen, operate or abandon any mine, quarry or'
preparation plant whenever it might reasonably
be expected that a discharge into or pollution
of state waters may occur.
I. GENERAL WATER QUALITY CRITERIA
A. No sewage, industrial wastes or other wastes
present in any waters of the state shall cause or
materially contribute any of the following
conditions:
1. Visible floating or settleable solids, suspend-
ed solids, foam, scum or oily sleeks of unrea-
sonable kind or quality;
2. Objectionable deposits on the bottom;
3. Objectionable odors;
4. Objectionable odor and/or taste in domestic
water supplies;
5. Substances which are toxic to humans, animals
or aquatic life;
6. Objectionable color;
7. Objectionable bacterial concentrations; and
8. Requiring an unreasonable degree of treatment
for production of potable water.
B. Non-Degradation
It is the intention of the Department of Natural
Resources that waters whose existing quality is
444
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WEST VIRGINIA WATER QUALITY CRITERIA
GENERAL WATER QUALITY CRITERIA (CONTD.)
better than the established standards not be
lowered in quality without demonstrating such a
change is justified.
II. GENERAL WATER USE CATEGORIES
A. Category A - Water Contact, Recreation
E. Category B1 - Public Water Supply
C. Category B2 - Industrial Water Supply
D. Category B3 - Agricultural Water Supply
E. Category C - Propagation of Fish
F. Category D - Water Transport, Cooling and
Power
G. Category E. - Treated Wastes Transport and
Assimilation
III. WATER USES AND WATER QUALITY CRITERIA
The regulations establish water quality criteria for
specifically named streams and their tributaries. The
following criteria are established for all of the
above referenced water use categories, and are pre-
sented to represent the type limitations imposed, and
may not be the same for all identified stream (which
would be dependent on the intended water use).
A. Uses: A, B1, B2, B3, C, D and E.
B. Water Quality Criteria for The Above Water Uses:
Substance or Condition Limitations
1. Dissolved Oxygen >5 mg/1
2. pH (range) 6.0 - 8.5
3. Temperature _<5°F rise above
ambient, not to
exceed 8?°F at any
time during the
months of May
through November and
not to exceed 73°F
at any time during
months of December
through April.
445
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WEST VIRGINIA WATER QUALITY CRITERIA
III. WATER USES AND WATER QUALITY CRITERIA (CONTD.)
4. Threshold Odor
5. Toxic Substances
Bacteria (coliform)
Fecal Coliform
8. Radioactivity
Heavy Metals
Constituent
_<8 Theshold odor
number at 40°C
(daily average)
<1/10 of the
9^-hour median
tolerance limit.
0000/100 ml as
monthly average; nor
exceed this number
in 20$ of samples;
nor exceed 2400/100
ml on any day.
£200/100 ml as
30-day geometric
mean based on not
less than 5 samples;
nor exceed 400/100
ml in more than 10%
of any samples
during any 30-day
period.
. Gross Beta acti-
vity - 1000
picocuries per
liter (pCi/1)
. Dissolved
strontium - 90 -
10 pCi/1
. Dissolved Alpha
Emitters - 3
pCi/1.
Maximum Concentration in mg/1
Arsenic 0.01
Barium 0.50
Cadmium 0.01
Chromium (Hexavalent) 0.05
Lead 0.05
Silver 0.05
446
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WEST VIRGINIA WATER QUALITY CRITERIA
III. WATER USES AND WATER QUALITY CRITERIA (COKTD.)
10. Other Compounds
Constituent Maximum Concentration in mg/1
Nitrates 45.0
Chlorides 100.0
Phenol 0.001
Cyanide 0.025
Fluoride 1.0
Selenium 0.01
In special cases more stringent standards, or exceptions
to the above standards, may be established in individual
cases.
IV. MIXING ZONES
A. The following water quality standards shall apply
in mixing zones:
1. For cold and warm water fisheries and other
inland waters the quality of the waters shall
not:
a. Be lethal to indigenous aquatic organisms.
b. Contain chemical constituents or
combinations of chemical constituents which
exceed, at any time, 1/10 the 96-hour median
tolerance limit for indigenous fish and
their food organisms.
V. ACID MINE DRAINAGE CONTROL MEASURFS
The State of West Virginia is a member of the Ohio
River Vally Water Sanitation compact and has agreed to
carry out established control measures.
A. The following measures have been adopted for the
control of acid mine drainage in the state:
1. Surface and ground water shall be diverted where
practicable to prevent entry or reduce the flow
of waters into and through mine workings.
2. Water which gains entry to the workings shall be
handled in a manner which will minimize the formation
and discharge of acid mine drainage to streams.
447
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WEST VIRGINIA WATER QUALITY CRITERIA
V. ACID MINE DRAINAGE CONTROL MEASURES (CONTD.)
3. Refuse from the mining and processing of coal
shall be handled and disposed of in a manner so
as to minimize discharge of acid mine drainage
therefrom to streams.
4. Discharge of acid mine drainage to streams shall
be regulated insofar as practicable to equalize
the flow of daily accumulation throughout a
24-hour period.
5. Upon appropriate circumstances, consideration
shall be given to the treatment of acid mine
drainage by chemical or other means to mitigate
its pollution properties.
6. Upon discontinuance of the operation of any
mine, the formation and discharge of acid mine
drainage should be minimized.
448
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WEST VIRGINIA; STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE
FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
Agency: West Virginia Air Pollution Control Commission
I. Emissions from Manufacturing Process Operations
A. Smoke/Visible Emissions
1. Emissions of smoke darker than No. 1 on the Ringelmann
Smoke Chart or the equivalent percent opacity, except as
noted in A.2, below, shall be prohibited.
2. The provisions of subsection A. shall not apply to smoke
emissions of less than No. 2 on the Ringelraann Smoke
Chart (or equivalent percent opacity) for any period or
periods aggregating not over five minutes in any 60
minute period.
3. Emissions of smoke into the open air from any storage
structure associated with any manufacturing process are
prohibited.
B. Particulate Matter
1. Definitions
a) "Process Weight Rate" shall mean a rate established as
follows:
(i) For continuous or long-run steady-state opera-
tions, it is the total process weight for the
entire period of continuous operation or a
typical portion thereof divided by the number of
hours of such period or portion.
(ii) For cyclical, batch operations or unit processes,
it is the total process weight for a period that
covers a complete operation or an integral numoer
of cycles, divided by the hours of actual process
operation during such period.
b) "Duplicate Source Operation" shall mean any combina-
tion of two or more individual source operations of
any size that have the same nomenclature, either for-
merly adopted and/or commonly sanctioned by usage
(such as two or more rotary driers, electric arc fur-
naces, etc.), contained in the same plant.
c) "Source Operation Type" shall mean a categorization
defined as follows:
(i) Type 'a1 shall mean any manufacturing process
source operation involving calcination, physical
change or glass melting.
(ii) Type 'b1 shall mean any manufacturing process
source operation in which materials of any origin
undergo a chemical change, unless otherwise
classified.
449
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WEST VIRGINIA: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE
FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
I. Emissions from Manufacturing Process Operations (Contd.)
2. Emission Standards
The emission rate of particulate matter from any type
source operation or duplicate source operation, or from
any air pollution control equipment installed on any type
source operation shall not be in excess of the following:
Operating Source Operation
or Total Duplicate Source
Operation Process Weight
Rate in Pounds Per Hour1
Maximum allowable Total
Stack Emission Rate in
Pounds Per Hour For the
Appropriate Process
Weight and Source Opera-
tion Type-
Type 'b'i
0
5,000
20,000
50,000
100,000
300,000
500,000
800,000
1,800,000 and above
0
5
16
31
33
40
47
50
50
0
0.8
.4.0
10.5
21.2
21.2
21.2
21.2
21.2
1For a process weight between any two consecutive
process weights stated in this table, the emission
limitation shall be determined by linear interpolation.
2Type 'b' source operation stack emission rates do not
apply to MINERAL ACIDS. See subsection C.1.
C. Mineral Acids
1. The stack gas concentration from any stationary source
operation for the below designated mineral acids shall
not be in excess of the quantities in the table below.
Mineral acids shall not be released from any type source
operation or duplicate source operation or from all air
450
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WEST VIRGINIA; STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE
FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
I. Emissions from Manufacturing Process Operations (Contd.)
pollution control equipment installed on any type source
operation or duplicate source operation in excess of the
quantity given in the following table:
Allowable Stack Gas Concentra-
tion in Milligrams Per Dry
Cubic Meter at Standard
Mineral Acid Conditions
Sulfuric Acid Mist
Nitric Acid Mist and/or
Vapor
Hydrochloric Acid Mist
and/or Vapor
35
70
210
II. Emissions from Fuel Burning Equipment
A. Definitions
1. "Fuel Burning Unit" means any furnace, boiler apparatus,
device, mechanism, stack, or structure used in the pro-
cess of burning fuel or other combustible material for
the primary purpose of producing heat or power by indi-
rect heat transfer. For the purposes of this regulation
all fuel burning units are classified in the follovvi ;
categories:
a) Type 'a' shall mean any fuel burning unit which has as
its primary purpose the generation of steam or other
vapor to produce electric power for sale.
b) Type 'b' shall mean any fuel burning unit not
classified as a Type 'a1 or Type fcf unit, such as
industrial pulverized-fuel-fired furnaces, cyclone
furnaces, gas-fired and liquid-fuel-fired units.
c) Type 'c' shall mean any hand-fired or stoker-fired
fuel burning unit not classified as a Type 'a' unit.
2. "Similar Unit(s)" means all Type 'a1, or all Type 'b1, or
all Type fc? fuel burning units located at one plant.
3. "Fuel" means any form of combustible matter (solid,
liquid, vapor, or gas) that is used as a source of heat.
4. "Particulate Matter" means any material, except uncombin-
ed water, that exists in a finely divided form as a
liquid or solid.
451
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WEST VIRGINIA: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE
FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
II. Emissions from Fuel Burning Equipment (Contd.)
B. Smoke/Visible Emissions
1. Standards for fuel burning units not meeting the
requirements of subsection II.C. (particulate
matter standards) below.
a) Emission of smoke into the open atmosphere darker than
No. 0.5 on the Ringelmann Smoke Chart (10 percent
opacity) shall be prohibited.
b) The provisions of B.1.a) above shall not apply to
smoke emitted during cleaning of a fire box or soot
blowing, the shade of which smoke emissions is less
than No. 2 Ringelmann, for a period or periods
aggregating no more than eight minutes per fuel
burning unit in any eight hour period.
2. Standards for fuel burning units meeting the requirements
of subsection II.C of this regulation.
a) Emissions of smoke into the open atmosphere darker
than No. 0.5 Ringelmann (10 percent opacity) shall be
prohibited.
b) The provisions of B.2. a) above shall not apply to
smoke emitted during cleaning of a fire box or soot
blowing the shade of which smoke emissions is less
than No. 1 Ringelmann (20 percent opacity) for a
period or periods aggregating no more than 8 minutes
per fuel burning unit in any eight hour period.
3. Startup exemptions. Upon written application to the
Commission, exemptions above the standards listed above
in this subsection B. may be granted as to the fire
startup period in these units. However, in no case shall
the exemptions granted exceed the following limitations:
Type of FuelExemptions Allowedfor No More Than
Two Hours Per Startup Operation
Shall Not be as Dark or Darker in
Shade or Appearance as:
Type 'a' and TypeNo. 2 Ringelmann"
'b'
Type 'c1(1) For forty-five minutes No.3'
Ringelmann
(2) For the remaining seventy-five
minutes No. 2 Ringelmann
452
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WEST VIRGINIA; STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE
FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
II. Emissions from Fuel Burning Equipment (Contd.)
C. Particulate Matter Emissions
1. Affected Facilities. The provisions of subpart C. shall
not apply to fuel burning units having a heat input under
ten (10) million Btu's per hour. However, failure to
attain acceptable air quality in parts of some urban
areas may require mandatory control of these exempt
sources later.
2. Standard Emissions of particulate matter into the open
atmosphere from all fuel burning units located at one
plant shall be prohibited in excess of the amount (in Ibs
per hour) determined as follows:
a) For Type 'a1 fuel burning units, the product of 0.05
and the total design heat inputs for such units in
million British Thermal Units (Btu's) per hour,
provided however that no more than 1200 pounds per
hour of particulate matter shall be discharged into
the open air from all such units;
b) For Type 'bf fuel burning units, the product of 0.09
and the total design heat inputs for such units in
million Btu's per hour, provided however that no more
than 600 pounds per hour of particulate matter shall
be discharged into the open air from all such units;
and,
c) For Type 'c1 fuel burning units, in excess of the
values listed in the following table, provided however
that no more than 300 pounds per hour of particulate
matter shall be discharged into the open air from all
such units:
Total Design Heat Input Total Allowable Particulate
for All Type 'c' Fuel Matter Emission Rate for All
Burning Units Located' at Type 'c1 Fuel Burning Units
One Plant in Millions Located at One Plant in
of Btu's Per Hour* Pounds Per Hour
10 3.4
40 9.0
100 16.6
400 42.2
3,333 300.0
•Linear interpolation is to be used to determine
values between any two consecutive values listed in
this table.
453
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WEST VIRGINIA; STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE
FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
II. Emissions from Fuel Burning Equipment (Contd.)
D. Fugitive Particulate Matter Emissions
1. Affected Facilities. The provisions of this subsection
D shall not apply to fuel burning units having a heat
input under ten million Btu's per hour.
2. Definitions. "Fugitive Particulate Matter Control
System" means any equipment or method used to confine,
collect, or dispose of fugitive particulate matter,
including, but not limited to, hoods, bins, duct work,
fans, and air pollution control equipment.
3. Operating any source of fugitive particulate matter
without it being equipped with a fugitive particulate
matter control system is prohibited. Any such con-
trol system used shall be operated and maintained in
a manner so as to minimize emission of fugitive par-
ticulate matter. Fugitive particulate sources
associated with fuel burning units include but are
not limited to the following:
a) Stockpiling of ash or fuel in the open or in
enclosures such as silos;
b) Transport of ash in vehicles or on conveying
systems, to include spillage, tracking, or
blowing of particulate matter from or by such
vehicles or equipment; and
c) Ash or fuel handling systems and ash disposal
areas.
E. Sulfur Oxides Addition to Exit Gas Stream of Combustion
Unit
1. The addition of sulfur oxides to a combustion unit
exit gas stream for the purpose of improving control
equipment efficiency is prohibited.
454
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WEST VIRGINIA; STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE
FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
F. Sulfur Dioxide Weight Emission Standards for Fuel
Burning Units
Section 3.01. Total Allowable Emission Rates for Similar
Units in "Priority I Regions", "Priority II Regions", and
"Priority III Regions" as defined below:
Priority
Classifi-
cation
II
III
Federal Air Quality
Control Region
Region I, Steubenville-
Weirtcn-Wheeling Inter-
state Air Quality Control
Region (Ohio - West
Virginia)
Region VII, Cumberland-
Keyser Interstate Air
Quality Control Region
(West Virginia - Maryland)
Region II, Parkersburg-
Marietta Interstate Air
Quality Control Region
(West Virginia - Ohio)
All other regions
Included
West Virginia
Counties
Brooke
Hancock
Marshall
Ohio
Grant (Union
District only)
Mineral (Elk, New
Creek, and Piedmont
Districts)
Jackson
Pleasants
Tyler
Wetzel
Wood
All other counties
or districts not
listed above
No person shall cause, suffer, allow, or permit the dis-
charge of sulfur dioxide into the open air from all stacks
located at one plant, measured in terms of pounds per
hour, in excess of the amount determined as follows:
1. For fuel burning units of the Kammer Plant of Ohio
Power Company, located in Air Quality Control Region
I, the product of 6.8 and the total design heat
inputs for such units discharging through those
stacks in million British Thermal Units (Btu's)
per hour.
2. For fuel burning units of the Mitchell Plant of
Ohio Power Company, located in Air Quality Control
Region I, the product of 7.5 and the total actual
operating heat inputs for such units discharging
through those stacks in million Btu's per hour.
45 5a
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WEST VIRGINIA; STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE
FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
3. For fuel burning units of the Willow Island Station
of Monongahala Power Company, located in Air Quality
Control Region II, the product of 2.7 and the total
design heat inputs for such units discharging from
those stacks in million Btu's per hour.
4. For fuel burning units of the Mt. Storm Plant of
Virginia Electric and Power Company, located in
Air Quality Control Region VII, the product of 2.7
and the total design heat inputs for such units
discharging through those stacks in million Btu's
per hour.
5. For Type 'b1 and Type 'c1 fuel burning units, the
product of 3.1 and the total design heat inputs
for such units discharging through those stacks
in million Btu's per hour.
Section 3.02. Maximum Allowable Emission Rates for
Similar Units in Region IV (Kanawha Valley Air Quality
Control Region: Kanawha County, Putnam County, and
Falls and Kanawha Magisterial Districts of Fayette
County).
No person shall cause, suffer, allow, or permit the
discharge of sulfur dioxide into the open air from all
stacks located at one plant, measured in terms of pounds
per hour, in excess of the amount determined as follows:
1. For fuel burning units of the John Amos Plant of
Appalachian Power Company, located in Air Quality
Control Region IV, the product of 1.6 and the
total design heat inputs from such units discharging
from those stacks in million Btu's per hour.
2. For fuel burning units of the Kanawha River Plant
of Appalachian Power Company, located in Air
Quality Control Region IV, the product of 1.6 and
the total design heat inputs from such units dis-
charging through those stacks in million Btu's
per hour.
3. For Type 'b1 and Type 'c1 fuel burning units, the
product of 1.6 and the total design heat inputs
for such units discharging through those stacks
in million Btu's per hour, provided however, that
no more than 5,500 pounds per hour of sulfur
dioxide shall be discharged into the open air from
all such stacks.
455b
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WEST VIRGINIA; STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE
FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
Section 3.03. Maximum Allowable Emission Rates for
Similar Units in All Priority III Regions Except
Region IV.
No person shall cause, suffer, allow, or permit the
discharge of sulfur dioxide into the open air from
all stacks located at one plant, measured in terms
of pounds per hour, in excess of the amount determined
as follows:
1. For fuel burning units of the Harrison Power
Station of Monongahela Power Company, located in
Air Quality Control Region VI, the product of
5.12 and the total actual operating heat inputs
for such units discharging from those stacks in
million Btu's per hour.
2. For fuel burning units of the Rivesville Power
Station of Monongahela Power Company, located in
Air Quality Control Region VI, the product of
3.2 and the total design heat inputs for such
units discharging from those stacks in million
Btu's per hour.
3. For fuel burning units of the Albright Power
Station of Monongahela Power Company, located in
Air Quality Control Region VI, the product of
3.2 and the total design heat inputs for such
units discharging from those stacks in million
Btu's per hour.
4. For fuel burning units of the Fort Martin Power
Station of Monongahela Power Company, located in
Air Quality Control Region VI, the product of
3.1 and the total actual operating heat inputs
for such units discharging from those stacks in
million Btu's per hour.
5. For fuel burning units of the Philip Sporn Plant
of Central Operating Company, located in Air
Quality Control Region III, the product of 3.2
and the total design heat inputs for such units
discharging from those stacks in million Btu's
per hour.
6. For Type 'b1 and Type 'c1 fuel burning units, the
product of 3.2 and the total design heat inputs
for such units discharging through those stacks
in million Btu's per hour.
455c
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WEST VIRGINIA; STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE
FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
Section 3.04. Allowable Emission Rates for Individual
Stacks
The maximum allowable emission rate for an individual
stack shall not exceed by more than 25 percent the
emission rate determined by prorating the total allow-
able emission rate specified in Sub-Sections 3.01, 3.02,
or 3.03 on the basis of individual unit heat input at
design capacity for all fuel burning units discharging
through that stack.
Subject to the provisions of this regulation, allowable
emission rates for individual stacks shall be determined
by the owner and/or operator and registered with the
Commission at the request of and on forms provided by
the Director. Such rates shall be subject to review and
approval by the Director.
The approved set of individual stack allowable emission
rates shall become an official part of the compliance
schedule and any permits concerning such sources, and
shall not be changed without the prior written approval
of the Director.
Section 3.05. The design heat input of a waste heat
boiler shall not be included in computing the total
plant design heat input for the purposes of Sub-Sections
3.01, 3.02, 3.03, or 3.04 of this regulation.
Section 3.06. No person shall circumvent the provisions
of this regulation by constructing fuel burning unit(s)
larger than would be necessary to provide heat and/or
power for an existing manufacturing plant, with a
reasonable margin for plant expansion, in order to use
that design heat input to raise the allowable sulfur
content in fuel.
Section 3.07. No person shall cause, suffer, allow, or
permit the discharge of sulfur dioxide to the open air
from the combustion of fuel in a fuel burning unit of
a waste heat boiler in excess of 2.2 pounds of sulfur
dioxide per million Btu's of heat input per hour. This
limitation is based on the heat input provided to the
boiler by the combustion of this auxiliary fuel.
The provision of this Sub-Section applies only to the
fuel used for the waste heat boiler(s) and does not re-
place or supersede the provisions of Sub-Section 3.08.
455d
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WEST VIRGINIA; STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE
FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
Section 3.08. Weight Emission Standards for Manufacturing
Process Source Operations
1. No person shall cause, suffer, allow, or permit the
emission into the open air from any source operation
an in-stack sulfur dioxide concentration exceeding
2,000 parts per million by volume from existing source
operations, except as provided in Sub-Sections 2., 3.,
4., 5., and 6., following.
2. No person shall cause, suffer, allow, or permit sulfur
dioxide tail gas emissions from sulfuric acid manu-
facturing plants to exceed the following:
a) For plants using elemental sulfur as a feed stock,
30 pounds per ton of acid produced.
b) For plants using other materials as feed stock,
40 pounds per ton of acid produced.
3. No person shall cause, suffer, allow, or permit the
emission of sulfur oxides, calculated as sulfur dioxide,
from a sulfur recovery plant to exceed 0.06 pounds per
pound of sulfur processed.
4. No person shall cause, suffer, allow, or permit the
combustion of any refinery process gas stream or any
other process gas stream that contains hydrogen sul-
fide in a concentration greater than 50 grains per
100 cubic feet of gas. In certain cases very small
units may be considered exempt from this requirement
if, in the opinion of the Commission, compliance would
be economically unreasonable and if the contribution
of the unit to the surrounding air quality could be
considered negligible.
5. No person shall cause, suffer, allow, or permit the
emission of sulfur oxides, calculated as sulfur
dioxide, from primary non-ferrous smelters to exceed
that determined by the following equations:
Copper Smelters: Y = 0.2X
n fls
Zinc Smelters: Y = 0.564XU>
Lead Smelters: Y = 0.98X0*77
Where X is the total sulfur fed to the smelter in pounds
per hour, and Y is the allowable sulfur dioxide emissions
in pounds per hour.
455e
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WEST VIRGINIA: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE
FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
6. No person shall cause, suffer, allow, or permit the
total sulfite pulp mill emissions of sulfur oxides,
calculated as sulfur dioxide, from operations such
as blow pits, washer vents, storage tanks, digester
relief, and recovery system, to exceed 9.0 pounds
per air-dried ton of pulp produced.
Section 4. Registration
1. Within thirty (30) days after the effective date of
this regulation all persons owning and/or operating
a source(s) of sulfur dioxide subject to this regula-
tion and not previously registered shall have registered
such source(s) with the Commission. The information re-
quired for registration shsll be determined and provided
in the manner specified by the Director. Registration
forms should be requested from the Director by the
owner and/or operator of such source(s).
2. The owner and/or operator of a source(s) of sulfur
dioxide that is under construction or on which con-
struction is initiated within thirty (3) days after the
effective date of this regulation shall register such
source(s) within this thirty (30) day period.
III. Emissions from Coal Preparation Plants and Coal Handling
Operations
A. Definitions
1. "Coal Preparation" includes, but is not limited to,
drying or air separation operations used for the pur-
pose of preparing the product coal for marketing.
2. "Handling Operation" includes, but is not limited to,
all coal grinding, crushing, picking, screening, con-
veying, storing, and stockpiling operations associated
with the transport, production, or preparation of coal
or coal refuse, excluding coal washing, drying, or
air separation operations.
455f
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WEST VIRGINIA: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE
FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
III. Emissions from Coal Preparation Plants and Coal Handling
Operations (Contd.)
B. Smoke/Visible Emissions
1. Emissions of smoke into the open atmosphere as dark or
darker than No. 1 on the Ringelmann Smoke Chart shall be
prohibited.
2. The provisions of subsection B.1. above shall not apply
to:
a) smoke emissions of less than No. 3 Ringelmann for
periods aggregating no more than 5 minutes in any
60-minute period of operation, or,
b) smoke emissions of less than No. 3 Ringelmann for a
period of up to 8 minutes in any operating day for
purposes of building a fire of operating quality in
the fuel burning equipment of a thermal drier.
3. Smoke/Fugitive dust. Emissions of smoke from any
fugitive dust control system as dark or darker than No. 1
on the Ringelmann Chart (or equivalent percent opacity
shall be prohibited.
C. Particulate Emissions from Coal Thermal Drying Operations
1. Emissions limitations. Emissions of particulate matter
to the open atmosphere from a thermal drier shall not
exceed values shown in the following table*:
Total Plant Volumetric Maximum Allowable
Flow Rate** Particulate Loading Per Drier
(Standard Cubic Feet (Grains Per Standard
Per Minute) Cubic Foot)
75,000 or less 0.10
111,000 ' 0.09
163,000 0.08
240.000 & above 0.07
*Use linear interpolation to determine particulate load-
ings between Plant Flow Rates shown on this table.
**The total plant volumetric flow rate shall be the total
standard cubic feet of dry gas passed through all thermal
driers at one plant location.
455g
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WEST VIRGINIA: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE
FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
III. Emissions from Coal Preparation Plants and Coal Handling
Operations (Contd.)
2. Modifications. The limitations of C 1. above shall apply
to modifications resulting in significant increases in
total gas volume even though no new thermal drier(s) is
installed. The as-modified plant volumetric flow rate
shall be used to determine the new particulate
limitations.
3. Stacks
a) Exhaust gases from any thermal drier shall not be
vented into the open air at an altitude of less than
80 feet above the foundation grade of the structure
containing the drier or less than 10 feet above the
top of the drier structure or any adjacent structure,
whichever is greater.
b) In determining the desirable stack height, due consi-
deration shall be given to local topography, meteoro-
logy, location of nearby dwellings and public roads
and stack emission rate.
c) Said stacks shall contain flow straightening devices
or 'a vertical run of sufficient length to establish
flow patterns acceptable for good stack sampling
procedures.
D. Particulate Emissions from Air Table Operations
1. Emissions limitations. Emissions of particulate matter
to the open atmosphere in air table exhaust gases shall
not exceed 0.05 grains per standard cubic foot of exhaust
gases.
2. Stacks. Any stack venting air table exhaust gases to the
open atmosphere shall contain flow straightening devices
or a vertical run of sufficient length to establish flow
patterns acceptable for good stack sampling procedures.
E. Fugitive Dust Emissions
1. Definitions. "Fugitive Dust Control System" means any
equipment or method used to confine, collect, and dispose
of fugitive dust including but not limited to, hoods,
bins, duct work, fans, and air pollution control
equipment.
456
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NEST VIRGINIA: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE
FOR STATIONARY SOURTET
III. Emissions from Coal Preparation Plants and Coal Handling
Operations (Contd.)
2. Any coal handling operation or preparation plant shall
not be conducted or 'operated without being equipped with
a fugitive dust control system; good operating pract ces
shall be observed in relation to stockpiling, car
loading, breaking, screening and general maintenance to
minimize dust generation and emissions. Paving or other
suitable measures shall be used on the premises and on
owned or controlled access roads to maintain dust control.
IV. Prevention and Control of Objectionable Odors
A. Definitions
1. "Objectionable Odor" means odors generally recognized as
being objectionable and also odors deemed objectionable
by a duly authorized representative of the Commission
based upon his investigations (whether based on com-
plaints or at his own instigation).
B. General Prohibition
1. The discharge of air pollutants which cause or contribute
to an objectionable odor at any location occupied by the
public is prohibited.
2. Measuring devices or techniques. The Barnebey-Cheney
Scentometer or any other instrument, device, or technique
designated by the Commission may be used as an enforce-
ment guide and in the determination of the objection-
ability of an odor.
C. Variances and Exemptions
1. Variances. A program to control objectionable odors may
be developed and offered to the Commission by responsible
parties in the prescribed manner and within the time
allowed. A variance shall be issued upon approval of the
program by the Commission; thereafter, observance of the
approved program will prevent citation for violation of
this regulation. Variances relating to specific emer-
gency conditions and time periods may also be granted
upon proper,, application for expected emergency discharges
which would otherwise result in violations.
457
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WEST VIRGINIA: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE
FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
IV. Prevention and Control of Objectionable Odors (Contd.)
2. Exemptions: This regulation shall not apply to the
following sources of objectionable odor until
feasible control methods are developed:
a) Internal combustion engines.
458
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WEST VIRGINIA SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL REGULATIONS
Basis: West Virginia State Board of Health, Chapter 1,
Article 12, Solid Waste Disposal Regulations (July
1974), and Design Standards for Solid Waste
Disposal, Bulletin SWP-D1.
Agency: State Department of Health
Note: (1) A permit is required prior to any person
constructing or operating a solid waste
disposal facility.
I. Solid Waste Disposal Class Rating
A. Class I - wastes of a hazardous nature or water
soluble substances having toxic or infectious
properties or special water pollution potential which
must be kept away from usable water sources regardless
of costs.
B. Class II - Decomposable organic materials.
C. Class III - Inert and relatively nondecomposable
material presenting only confinement and esthetic
problems.
II. Class I Disposal Facilities
A. Requirements
The requirements for Class I waste disposal shall be
determined separately for each application.
III. Class II Disposal Facilities
A. Requirements
1. Sites shall be acceptable geologically and
hydrologically for soil stability, adaptibility and
ground and surface water protection.
2. Surface and ground water shall be prevented from
contacting deposited waste.
3. Facilities shall be situated to conform with long
range regional requirements.
B. Design
1. The plans shall specify a method of leachate
control and treatment.
459
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WEST VIRGINIA SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL REGULATIONS
III. Class II Disposal Facilities (Contd.)
2. A set of plans and specifications must be
maintained at the site for operator instructions
and for recording progress and deviations.
3. The Director may require core borings, elevation of
water table, soil and bedrock characteristics, and
other pertinent data before granting a permit.
C. Operation
The operational requirements do not provide any
criteria applicable to the design of a disposal
facility; therefore, they are not presented for this
state. However, the operational requirements are the
same as presented for other states.
IV. Class III Land Disposal and Other Methods
A. The requirements of III above shall apply to Class IV
disposal facilities with respect to protection of water
sources.
B. Plans and specifications for incinerators shall be
prepared by a registered engineer and shall be approved
by the Director prior to construction and operation.
V. Design Standards for Solid Waste Disposal (Bulletin SWP-D1)
This publication was prepared by the Environmental Health
Services in connection with the Solid Waste program to
guide designers, managers, operators and others in the
installation and operation of Class II solid waste landfill
disposal facilities.
460
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WYOMING WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
Basis: Wyoming Water Quality Rules and Regulations, 1974
Agency: Wyoming Department of Environmental Quality
Note: (1). Wyoming has received authority from the
Environmental Protection Agency to issue and
enforce NPDES permits.
(2) Waters of the state whose existing quality is
better than the established standards on the
date any such standard becomes effective will be
maintained; provided that the state has the
power to authorize any project which would
constitute a new or increase source of pol-
lution; provided further, the necessary degree
of waste treatment to maintain the high quality
will be required where physically and
economically feasible.
I. WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
A. Water Classes and Uses
1. Class I - Waters which are determined to be presently
supporting game fish or has the potential to support
game fish.
2. Class II - Waters which are determined to be presently
supporting non-game fish or has the potential to
support non-game fish.
3. Class III - Waters not having the potential to support
fish.
4. Priority for classification will be given to those
waters which receive pollutants. A water must be
classified before any permit to discharge to that
water is issued.
E. Control Points
1. Bacteriological standards apply to the classes of
waters, and will be determined at water supply intakes
and designated full body contact recreation areas.
Bacteriological standards covering secondary body
contact may be determined at any point on the stream.
2. Parameters which are toxic or generally affect aquatic
life, wildlife, etc. will be determined at any point
in the streams as indicated by conditions.
461
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WYOMING WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
I. WATER QUALITY STANDARDS (CONTD.)
3. Compliance with water quality standards shall be
determined after allowing reasonable time for mixing,
The Department will determine the area and/or volume
of the receiving water assigned to the mixing zone.
C. Application
The following water quality standards apply to Wyoming
waters:
1. Settleable Solids -
2. Floating Solids
3. Taste, Odor and
Color
4. Public Water
5. Toxic Material
All waters shall be essentially
free from substances that will
settle to form sludge, bank or
bottom deposits.
All waters shall be essentially
free from floating debris, scum
and other floating materials in
amounts sufficient to be
unsightly.
All Class I and II waters shall be
essentially free from substances
which produce taste, odor and
color that would impart an
unpalatable flavor in fish;
visibly alter the natural color of
water; produce detectable odor at
the site of use, and result in
concentrations that will produce
undesirable taste or odor to the
finished water.
When public water supply is a
designated use, the quality will
be such that after conventional
treatment the water will meet the
most recent Federal Drinking Water
Standards, published by the U.S.
Public Health Service or EPA.
All waters shall be essentially
free from toxic, corrosive or
other deleterious substances in
concentrations or combinations
which are toxic to human, animal
plant or aquatic life. '
462
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I.
WYOMING WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
WATER QUALITY STANDARDS (CONTD.)
6. Radioactivity
7. Turbidity
- In all waters, radioactive
material of other than natural
origin shall not exceed a
concentration of:
Radium 226 - 3 pCi/1
Strontuim (90) - 10 pCi/1
or the limits established by U.S.
Public Health Service or EPA.
- In all Class I and II waters,
wastes shall not cause the
turbidity to be increased by more
than 10 Jackson Turbidity Units.
(JTU)
8. Dissolved Oxygen -
9. Temperature
In Class I waters 6 mg/1
In Class II waters 5 mg/1
For streams where natural tem-
peratures do not exceed 68°F,
wastes of other than natural
origin shall not be discharged in
amounts which will result in a
change of more than 2°F over
existing temperatures.
For streams where natural tem-
peratures exceed 68°F wastes of
other than natural origin shall
not be discharged in amounts which
will result in a change of more
than 4°F over existing tempera-
tures in warm water fisheries; 2°F
in cold water fisheries and 2°F in
impoundments.
The maximum allowable stream
temperatures will be the maximum
daily stream temperatures plus the
allowable rise; provided that this
temperature is not over 78°F in
cold water fisheries and 90°F in
warm water fisheries.
The temperature standards shall
apply at all depths of the
receiving water.
463
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WYOMING WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
I. WATER QUALITY STANDARDS (CONTD.)
10. pH
1 1.
Coliform Bacteria
(Appliciable to
still water
bodies at an
altitude of less
than 7,000 feet .
above sea level)
12.
Coliform Bacteria
(for all other
waters not speci-
cally named)
- For all waters, wastes other than
natural origin shall not cause the
pH to be less than 6.5 or greater
than 8.5.
-- (May 1 through September 30)
wastes of other than natural
origin shall not be discharged in
amounts which will cause fecal
coliform concentrations to exceed
a geometric mean of 200/100 ml
based on not less than 5 samples
during separate 24 hour periods
for any 30 day period, nor shall
10$ of the samples exceed 400/100
ml during any 30 day period.
- (May 1 through September 30)
fecal coliform concentrations
shall not exceed a geometric mean
of 1000/100 ml, based on not less
than 5 samples during separate 24
hour periods for any 30 day
period, nor shall 10% of the
samples exceed 2000/100 ml during
any 30 day period.
- In all waters, wastes of other
than natural origin shall not be
discharged which will cause the
oil and grease content to exceed
10 mg/1; formation of a visible
oil film, discoloration of the
surface, or formation of visible
deposits on the bottom or shore-
line .
- Total gas pressure shall not
exceed 1 "(Q% of existing
atmospheric pressure, (applicable
to waters designated as cold water
aquatic life).
II. OIL AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS (Chapter V)
A. Approval Required for Disposal of Oil or Hazardous
Materials.
Spilled oil or hazardous materials or contaminated
materials resul.ting from control, treatment and cleanup
shall be handled and disposed of as approved by the
Director.
13. Oil and Grease
14. Total Gas
Pressure
464
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WYOMING: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
Agency: Air Quality, Division, Wyoming Department of
Environmental Quality
I. General Provisions
A. Definitions
1. "Air contaminant" means dust, fumes, mist, smoke, other
particulate matter, vapor, gas or any combination of the
foregoing, but shall not include steam or water vapor.
2. "Fuel burning equipment" means any furnace, boiler
apparatus, stack, or appurtenances thereto used in the
process of burning fuel or other combustible material
for the purpose of producing heat or power by indirect
heat transfer.
3. "Incinerator" means any equipment, device or contrivance
used for the destruction of garbage, rubbish or other
wastes by burning, but not wood wastes burned in devices
commonly called teepee burners, silos, truncated cones,
wigwam burners and other such burners used commonly by
the wood products industry.
4. "Odor" means that property of an emission which
stimulates the sense of smell.
5. "Particulate matter" means any material, except water in
uncombined form, that is or has been airborne and exists
as a liquid or a solid at standard conditions.
B. Diluting and Concealing Emissions
1. The installation or use of any device, contrivance or
operational schedule which, without resulting in
reduction of the total amount of air contaminant
released to the atmosphere, shall dilute or conceal an
emission from a source is prohibited.
2. Exception. Subsection B.1. above shall not apply to the
control of odors.
II. Visible Emission Standards
A. General
1. Maximum emissions
20% opacity
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WYOMING: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
II. Visible Emission Standards (Contd.)
Exception: Not to exceed ^0% opacity for a period or
periods aggregating not more than six minutes in any
hour .
2. Visible emissions from gasoline engines shall be
eliminated except for periods not exceeding five
consecutive seconds.
3. The emission of visible air pollutants from diesel
engines shall be limited to 30 percent opacity below
7500 feet elevation except for periods not exceeding
ten consecutive seconds. This limitation shall not
apply during a reasonable period of warmup following a
cold start or where undergoing repairs following a
malfunction .
B. Fuel Burning Equipment
1 . Maximum emissions
20% opacity
Exception: Not to exceed 40$ opacity for more than
seven minutes in any hour.
C. Incinerators
1 . Maximum emissions
20% opacity
D. Exception
Where the presence of uncombined water is the only reason
for failure of an emission to meet the opacity requirements
of section II of this regulation, such opacity requirements
shall not apply.
III. Emission Standards for Particulate Matter
A. Affected facilities: Any source except those covered in
subsections III.D. and III.E. herein.
B. Definitions
1. Process weight per hour means the total weight of all
materials introduced into any specific process that may
cause any emissions of particulate matter, including
solid fuels, but excluding liquids or gases used solely
as fuels, excluding air introduced for purposes of
combustion, and excluding the weight of any water, water
vapor or steam that may be introduced as part of the
total materials.
466
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WYOMING: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
III. Emission Standards for Particulate Matter (Contd.)
a) For a cyclical or batch operation the process weight
per hour is derived by dividing the total process
weight by the number of hours in one complete opera-
tion from the beginning of any given process cycle to
the completion thereof, excluding any time during
which the equipment is idle.
b) For a continuous operation the process weight per
hour is derived by dividing the process weight for a
typical period of time.
C. Standards - General
Maximum Emissions
for process weight rates _<60,000 Ib/hr use:
E = 3-59P0-62
for process weights rates >60,000 Ib/hr use:
E = 17.31P0'16
where (in both cases): E is the maximum emissions in
Ib/hr and P is the process weight rate in ton/hr.
D. Standards for Fuel Burning Equipment
1. Affected Facilities. Installations in which fuel is
burned for the primary purpose of producing steam, hot
water, or hot air or other indirect heating of liquids,
gases, or solids, and, in the course of doing so, the
products of combustion do not come into direct contact
with process materials. When any products or byproducts
of a manufacturing process are burned for the same
purpose or in conjunction with any fuel, the same
emission limitations shall apply.
2. Definitions
a) "Heat input" for purposes of subsection D. herein
means the aggregate heat content of all fuels whose
products of combustion pass through a stack or
stacks. The heat input value used shall be the
equipment manufacturer's or designer's guaranteed
maximum input, whichever is greater. The total heat
input of all fuel burning units at a plant shall be
used for determining the maximum allowable amount of
particulate matter which may be emitted.
467
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WYOMING: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
III. Emission Standards for Particulate Matter (Contd.)
3. Standards
Maximum emission
0.10 Ib/MM Btu heat input, 2 hr average
E. Standards for Incinerators
1. Maximum emission
0.20 lbs/100 Ibs of refuse charged
IV. Emission Standards for Fugitive Dust
A. General
The emission of fugitive dust shall be limited by all per-
sons handling, transporting, or storing any material to
prevent unnecessary amounts of particulate matter from
becoming airborne to the extent that ambient air standards
described in these regulations are exceeded. Control mea-
sures described as follows or any equivalent method shall
be considered appropriate for such control:
1. Use, where possible, of water or chemicals for control
of dust in the demolition of existing buildings, or
structures, construction operations, the grading of
roads or the clearing of land;
2. Application of asphalt, oil, water, or suitable chemi-
cals on dirt roads, materials stockpiles, and other sur-
faces which can give rise to airborne dusts;
3. Installation and use of hoods, fans and fabric filters
to enclose and vent the handling of dusty materials;
adequate containment methods shall be employed during
sandblasting or other similar operations;
4. Covering at all times when in motion, materials being
transported likely to give rise to airborne dust;
5. The paving of roadways and their maintenance in a clear
condition ;
6. The prompt removal of earth or other material from paved
streets onto which earth or other material has been
transported by trucking or earth moving equipment,
erosion by water, or other means.
468
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WYOMING: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
V. Emission Standards for Odors
A. Affected facilities: Any source emitting odors.
B. Standards
1. Odor emissions shall be limited so that no odor is
detectable from a sample taken at the property line of
the emitting source after dilution with up to seven
volumes of odor free air as determined by the
Barneby-Cheney Co. scentometer or other Division
approved equivalent method.
2. Effective odor control devices, systems or measures
shall be installed and operated such that no vent,
exhaust pipe, blowoff pipe, or opening of any kind shall
discharge into the outdoor air any odorous matter,
vapors, gases, or dusts, or any combination thereof,
which create odors in areas adjacent to the plant in
excess of the limits described in subsection E.I.
3. Odor producing materials shall be stored, transported,
and handled in a manner so that odors produced from such
materials are confined and that accumulation of such
materials resulting from spillage or other escape is
prevented.
VI. Emission Standards for Carbon Monoxide (CO)
A. Standards for Stack Gases from Stationary Sources
1. Carbon monoxide emission shall be limited as may be
necessary to prevent Wyoming ambient standards for CO
from being exceeded.
2. Measures considered appropriate for such control as
required by A.1. are:
a) Treatment of the waste gas stream by installation and
use of a direct flame afterburner or other Division
approved means of equal effectiveness.
VII. Emission Standards for Sulfur Compounds
A. Emission Standards for Hydrogen Sulfide (P^S)
1. Any process exit gas stream containing h^S emitted
from any source shall be vented, incinerated, flared or
otherwise disposed of in such a manner that ambient
S02 and F^S standards are not exceeded.
469
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WYOMING: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
VII. Emission Standards for Sulfur Compounds (Contd.)
B. Emission Standards for Sulfur Oxides (SOX)
1 . Definitions
a) For purposes of this subsection B the "heat input"
shall be the aggregate heat content of all fuels
whose products of combustion pass through a stack or
stacks or the equipment manufacturer's or designer's
guaranteed maximum input, whichever is greater.
2. Fuel Burning Equipment
a) Affected facilities: Individual units with a heat
input value >25Q MM Btu/hr.
b) Maximum SO?_Emission
coal-fired facilities: 0.2 Ib/MM Btu heat input,
maximum 2 hr average
oil-fired facilities: 0.8 Ib/MM Btu heat input,
maximum 2 hr average
3. Sulfuric Acid (H2sOi|) Producing Facilities
a) Processes producing sulfuric acid (P^SOjj) by
the contact method burning elemental sulfur,
alkylation acid, hydrogen sulfide, organic sulfides,
mercaptans, or acid sludge shall limit emissions of
S02 in all effluent streams to not more than 4
Ib/T of acid produced, maximum 2 hr average.
VIII. Emission Standards for Nitrogen Oxides (NOX)
A. Fuel Burning Equipment
1 . Maximum emissions
(Ibs NOX calculated as N02)
gas-fired: 0.20 Ib/MM Btu of heat input
oil-fired: >.1MM Btu heat input - 0.30 Ib/MM Btu of heat
input
<1MM Btu heat input - 0.60 Ib/MM Btu of heat
input
solid fossil
fuel fired: (except Lignite): 0.70 Ib/MM Btu of heat
input
2. Exception
a) The standards for section VIII shall not apply to
470
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WYOMING: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
VIII. Emission Standards for Nitrogen Oxides (MOX) (Contd.)
internal combustion engines having a heat input of less
than 200 MM Btu/hr.
IX. Standards for Hydrocarbons
A. Hydrocarbon emissions shall be limited by all persons
handling, transporting, or storing volatile organic com-
pounds to prevent unnecessary emissions to the extent that
applicable Wyoming ambient air standards are not exceeded.
Measures considered appropriate for such control (or
equivalent control methods) include:
1. All organic compounds from vapor blowdown or emergency
relief systems shall be burned by smokeless flares or an
equally effective control device:
2. The storage of gasoline or petroleum distillates having
a Reid Vapor Pressure (RVP) in excess of five pounds in
any stationary tank, reservoir, or other container of
more than 65,000 gallons shall be in a pressure tank
capable of maintaining working pressures sufficient at
all times to prevent vapor or gas loss to the atmosp-
here ;
3. Floating roofs, consisting of the pontoon type, double
deck type roof, or internal floating cover resting on
the liquid surface, and equipped with seals between the
roof and tank wall. Tank gauging devices shall be gas
tight except when tank gauging or sampling is taking
place;
4. Vapor recovery systems capable of collecting volatile
organic vapors and disposal systems capable of pro-
cessing such vapors in a manner that prevents their
discharge to the atmosphere.
471
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WYOMING SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT RULES AND REGULATIONS
Basis: Solid Waste Management Rules and Regulations
(1975), Authorized by the Wyoming Environmental
Quality Act, Article 5, Section 35-502.42 through
44.
Agency: Department of Environmental Quality
I. Industrial and Hazardous Waste Facility Construction
and Operation Approval
A. New Facilities - Each person planning an industrial or
hazardous waste facility must submit construction and
operating plans to the Department for approval.
II. Minimum Standards for Industrial Disposal Sites
A. Each industrial site must meet or exceed the following:
1. All sites must be fenced or otherwise guarded if
the site is receiving materials that will be
harmful to the public and animals.
2. All sites must be located in areas that will not
cause nuisances or hazards.
3. Sites shall be constructed in such a manner that
surface water will not run onto, into or out of the
working area.
4. Sites shall not be located nearer than 500 feet to
a drinking water supply well, stream, reservoir,
lake, water treatment plant, or raw water intake
unless engineering data shows that materials from
the site will not enter these areas.
5. Sites shall be designed such that fumes, gases,
leachate, solids, particulates or liquids will not
enter the air or water so as to violate the air
quality or water quality standards.
III. Minimum Standards for Hazardous Waste Disposal Sites
A. Hazardous waste sites shall meet or exceed the
following:
1. All sites shall be located away from flood plains,
natural depressions and excessive slopes unless
detailed engineering plans indicate the
acceptability of a site in these areas.
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WYOMING SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT RULES AND REGULATIONS
III. Minimum Standards for Hazardous Waste Disposal Sites
(Contd.)
2. Sites shall not be located near a drinking water
supply well, stream, reservoir, lake, water
treatment or raw water intake which furnishes water
to a public water system.
3. Whenever possible, sites shall be located in areas
where impermeable soils are located.
4. The site shall be designed to contain any runoff
from accidental spills at the site.
5. The site shall be located and designed in such a
manner so as not to create nuisances or hazards.
6. All sites shall be designed in such a manner that
all materials will be totally contained on the
site.
7. Appropriate hazardous waste signs shall be
provided.
8. The site shall be closed off and permanently
isolated from humans and animals.
473
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XVI. DELAWARE RIVER BASIN WATER REGULATIONS - NEW SOURCES
Agency: Delaware River Basin Commission
Signatory Parties to Delaware River Basin Compact:
United States of America, Delaware, New Jersey,
New York, Pennsylvania
Groundwater Quality Criteria
I. GENERAL
A. Definitions
1. Groundwater includes all water beneath the
surface of the ground.
B. Applicability
1. This part shall apply to the groundwater of the
Delaware River Basin.
C. Groundwater Uses to be Protected
1. The quality of groundwater shall be maintained in
a safe and satisfactory condition, except where
such uses are precluded by natural quality, for
use as:
a) domestic, agricultural, industrial, and
public water supplies;
b) a source of surface water suitable for
recreation, wildlife, fish and other aquatic
life, and
c) for other uses as may be designated by the
Commission.
D. Groundwater Quality Standards and Limitations.
1. The groundwaters of the Basin shall not contain
substances or properties attributable to the
activities of man in concentrations or amounts
sufficient to endanger or preclude the water uses
to be protected.
a) Within this requirement, the groundwaters
shall be free from substances or properties
in concentrations or combinations which are
toxic or harmful to human, animal, plant, or
aquatic life, or that produce color, taste,
or odor of the waters.
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DELAWARE RIVEB BASIN WATER REGULATIONS - NEW SOURCES
I. GENERAL (CONTD.)
c) Notwithstanding any other criteria or
requirements of this Section, the Commission
may establish requirements, conditions, or
prohibitions which, in its judgement, are
necessary to protect groundwater quality.
Exception. Certain activities otherwise
prohibited in this subsection D.3. such as
certain approved solid or liquid waste disposal
systems may be permitted subject to Commission
prescribed requirements.
Surface Water Quality Criteria
I. GENERAL
A. Definitions
1. "Intrastate streams (water bodies) - nontidal"
refers to those rivers, lakes, and other waters
of the Delaware River Basin that flow across or
form a part of state boundaries.
2. "Interstate streams (water bodies) - tidal"
refers to the Delaware River Estuary and Bay,
including the tidal portions of the tributaries
thereof.
3. "Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)." Biochemical
oxygen demand as determined under standard
laboratory procedures for 5 days at 20°C.
4. "Carbonaceous oxygen demand (COD)." That part of
the ultimate oxygen -demand associated with
biochemical oxidation of carbonaceous, as
distinct from nitrogenous, material.
5. "Effective disinfection" means the destruction of
pathogenic organisms in such manner and under
such controls as shall be prescribed by
Commission regulations.
6. "Secondary treatment."
a) The removal of practically all suspended
solids at all times;
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DELAWARE RIVER BASIN WATER REGULATIONS - NEW SOURCES
Surface Water Quality Criteria (Contd.)
I. GENERAL (CONTD.)
b) The reduction of the biochemical oxygen
demand by at least 85 percent;
c) May include the in-plant control of
industrial wastes as prescribed by the
Commission.
7. "River mile (R.M.)." The distance in statute
miles of a location or item measured from "mile
zero." [Separate methods of measuring distances
from and of defining mile zero for a) the
Delaware Bay and River and b) tributaries are
included in the regulations],
8. "Ambient temperature" is the temperature of a
water body unaffected by the heated waste
discharge or waste discharge complex.
9. "Natural temperature" is the temperature of a
water body unaffected by artificial sources of
waste heat.
10. "Stream temperature" is the temperature of the
stream outside of the heat dissipation area.
B. Applicability
1. This part shall apply to all surface waters of
the Delaware River Basin.
C. General Provisions
1. Nondegradation of Interstate Waters.
It is the policy of the Commission to maintain
the quality of interstate waters, where existing
quality is better than the established stream
quality objectives, unless it can be
affirmatively demonstrated to the Commission that
such change is justifiable as a result of
necessary economic or social development or to
improve significantly another body of water. In
implementing this policy, the Commission will
require the highest degree of waste treatment
determined to be practicable. No change will be
considered which would be injurious to any
designated present or future use.
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DELAWARE RIVER BASIN WATER REGULATIONS - NEW SOURCES
Surface Water Quality Criteria (Contd.)
I. GENERAL (CONTD.)
2. Combined sewers.
Any new facility or project combining sanitary or
industrial waste with stormwater drainage which
would have a substantial effect on the quality of
waters of the Basin shall not be permitted.
3. Zones.
The Delaware River and Bay and their tributaries
may be divided into zones which will facilitate
the management of water quality.
4. Streamflow.
Numerical stream quality objectives are based on
a minimum consecutive 7-day flow with a 10-year
recurrence interval.
5. Intrastate tributaries - Effluents.
In addition to the requirements of this Article,
effluent quality requirements on intrastate
tributaries shall include such regulations as the
State in which the tributary is located may
impose in order to comply with the water quality
criteria provided herein.
6. Any of the signatory parties may impose water
quality criteria and/or effluent quality
requirements with respect to waste discharges
within its jurisdiction in excess of those
provided herein. Where applicable state
standards require higher quality water than these
criteria, state standards will be controlling.
7. Water Uses
a) Water uses shall be paramount in determining
stream quality objectives which in turn shall
be the basis for determining effluent quality
requirements.
b) Uses to be protected. The quality of Basin
waters shall be maintained in a safe and
satisfactory condition for the following
uses:
477
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DELAWARE RIVER BASIN WATER REGULATIONS - NEW SOURCES
Surface Water Quality Criteria (Contd.)
I. GENERAL (CONTD.)
(1) After reasonable treatment:
(a) public water supplies
(b) industrial water supplies
(c) agricultural water supplies
(2) Relating to fish and other aquatic life
and/or wildlife:
(a) maintenance and propagation of
resident fish and other aquatic
life
(b) maintenance and propagation of
trout
(c) spawning and nursery habitat for
anadromous fish
(d) passage of anadromous fish
(e) maintenance and propagation of
shellfish
(f) wildlife
(3) Recreation
(a) recreation
(b) recreation with secondary contact
(4) Navigation
[The regulations specify which of these
water uses to be protected are
applicable to each of the zones
described in C.8. below.]
8. Zones
For purposes of specifying receiving water
quality and effluent quality criteria the surface
waters have been divided into the following zones
as authorized by I.C.3. herein:
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DELAWARE RIVER BASIN WATER REGULATIONS - NEW SOURCES
Surface Water Quality Criteria (Contd.)
I. GENERAL (CONTD.)
a) Nontidal interstate waters: Zones 1A, IB, 1C,
ID, IE, E, Wl, W2, Nl, N2, Cl, C2, C3, C4,
C5, C6, C7, C8
b) Tidal interstate waters: Zones 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
c) Illustrative descriptions of above zones:
i) Zone 1A is that part of the Delaware
River extending from the confluence of
the East and West Branches of the
Delaware River at Hancock, New York,
R.M. (River Mile) 330.7, to the Route 652
bridge at Narrowsburg, New York, R.M.
289.9.
ii) Zone IB is that part of the Delaware
River extending from the Route 652
bridge at Narrowsburg, New York, R.M.
289.9, to the U.S. Routes 6 and 209
bridge at Port Jervis, New York, R.M.
254.75.
iii) Zone 2 is that part of the Delaware
River extending from the head of
tidewater at Trenton, New Jersey, R.M.
(River Mile) 133.4 (Trenton-Morrisville
Toll Bridge) to R.M. 108.4 below the
mouth of Pennypack Creek, including the
tidal portions of the tributaries
thereof.
iv) Zone 3 is that part of the Delaware
River extending from R.M. 108.4 to R.M.
95.0 below'the mouth of Big Timber
Creek, including the tidal portions of
the tributaries thereof.
II. SPECIFIC RECEIVING WATER QUALITY CRITERIA
A. Receiving Water Quality Criteria - All Receiving
Waters
1. The waters of the Basin shall not contain
substances attributable to municipal, industrial,
or other discharges in concentrations or amounts
sufficient to preclude the specified water uses
479
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DELAWARE RIVER BASIN WATER REGULATIONS - NEW SOURCES
Surface Water Quality Criteria (Contd.)
II. SPECIFIC RECEIVING WATER QUALITY CRITERIA (CONTD.)
to be protected. Within this requirement:
a) the waters shall be substantially free from
unsightly or malodorous nuisances due to
floating solids, sludge deposits, debris,
oil, scum, substances in concentrations or
combinations which are toxic or harmful to
human, animal, plant, or aquatic life, or
that produce color, taste, odor of the water
or taint fish or shellfish flesh;
b) There shall be no readily visible oil.
c) Toxic Substances - Specific Criteria
i) The concentration of a toxic substance
in Basin waters shall not exceed
one-twentieth of the TL^Q value at
96 hours, as determined by appropriate
bioassays, except in designated mixing
areas. Criteria for combinations of
toxic substances will be based upon the
same principle.
ii) The substances listed below shall not
exceed the specified limits or
one-twentieth of the TLcQ value at
96 hours, whichever is lower.
limit mg/1
Arsenic 0.05
Barium 1.0
Cadmium 0.01
Chromium (hexavalent) 0.05
Lead 0.05
Mercury 0.005
Selenium 0.01
Silver 0.05
iii) The concentration of a persistent
pesticide in Basin waters shall not
exceed one one-hundredth of the TL^o
value at 96 hours, as determined by
appropriate bioassay. (Persistent
pesticides are defined as natural and
synthetic materials having a half-life
of greater than 96 hours, which are used
to control unwanted or noxious animals
or plants. They include fungicides,
herbicides, insecticides, fumigants and
rodenticides.
-------
DELAWARE RIVER BASIN WATER REGULATIONS - NEVf SOURCES
Surface Water Quality Criteria (Contd.)
II. SPECIFIC RECEIVING WATER QUALITY CRITERIA (CONTD.)
d) The concentration of total dissolved solids
shall not exceed 13355 of background.
2. Public water supplies.
In no case shall concentrations of substances
exceed those values given for rejection of water
supplies in the United States Public Health
Service Drinking Water Standards.
B. Receiving Water Quality Criteria - Interstate Streams
and Bodies, Nontidal
1. Criteria for these waters are shown in the
designated column on Table 1 in II.C. below.
Values shown are the most stringent of criteria
specified for the 18 separate nontidal interstate
water zones described in subsection I.C.8.
C. Receiving Water Quality Criteria - Interstate Streams
and Bodies, Tidal
1. Criteria for these waters are shown in the
designated column on Table 1 below. Values shown
are the most stringent of criteria specified for
the 5 separate tidal interstate water zones
described in subsection I.C.8.
481
-------
TABLE 1
CRITERIA FOR INTERSTATE RECEIVING WATERS
Item or Condition
Nontidal
Waters
pH, range (allowable) 6.5-8.5
Phenols, mg/1 (max.) 0.005
Threshold Odor No. (max. at 60°C) 24
Synthetic Detergents (M.B.A.S.), mg/1 (max.) 0.5
Radioactivity
alpha emitters, picocuries/1 (max.) 3
beta emitters, picocuries/1 (max.) 1000
Fecal coliforms, number/100 ml (max.;
adequate care required as to sample
frequency and location) 200
Dissolved 0 , mg/1 (min. anytime), 5.0
mg/1 (min. 24 hr. avg.), 6.0
mg/1 (min. in spawning areas when
temperatures suitable for trout spawning) 7.0
Total Dissolved Solids (max.)
% of background, or 133$ or
mg/1 (lesser of) 500
Turbidity (unless exceeded by natural
conditions)
units (max. 30 day avg.) 10
units (max. anytime) 150
Temperature Rise Allowed (above ambient
receiver temp.; except in designated heat
dissipation areas)
°F, for Stream temp. <^ 50°F 5
°F, for Stream temp. 50°F _< 58°F 2
°F, for Stream temp. < 58°F 0
Alkalinity, mg/1, range
Chlorides, mg/1, max. 15 day avg.
Hardness, mg/1, max. 30 day avg.
Tidal
Waters
6.5-8.5
.005
24
0.5
3
. 1000
200
6.0
133$ or
500
150
(c)
20-100
50
95
(a)The concentration shown is the minimum concentration during
the periods from April 1 to June 15, and September 16 to
December 31.
(b)Except above R.M. 117.81 (river mile) during the period of
May 30 to September 15 when turbidity shall not exceed 30
units.
(c)Receiving water temperature (tidal waters) shall not be raised
above ambient by more than:
4°F during September through May, nor
1.5°F during June through August
nor shall the maximum temperature exceed 85°F at any time.
482
-------
DELAWARE RIVER BASIN WATER REGULATIONS - NEW SOURCES (CONTD.)
Surface Water Quality Criteria (Contd.)
II. SPECIFIC RECEIVING WATER QUALITY CRITERIA (CONTD.)
D. Effluent Quality Requirements
1. Minimum treatment.
All wastes shall receive a minimum of secondary
treatment (defined in I.A.) regardless of the
stated stream quality limitations.
2. Disinfection.
Wastes (exclusive of storm-water by-pass)
containing human excreta or disease producing
organisms shall be effectively disinfected before
being discharged into surface bodies of water.
3. Public safety.
Effluents shall not create a menace to public
health or safety at the point of discharge.
a) Temperature. Maximum 110°F (43.3°C) where
readily accessible to human contact.
4. Suspended solids.
For municipal and industrial waste treatment
facilities, at least 90 percent removal as
determined by an average of samples taken over
each period of 30 consecutive days of the year
and not to exceed 100 mg/1, whichever is less.
5. Allocation of capacity.
Where necessary to meet the stream quality
limitations of the waste assimilative capacity of
the receiving waters shall be allocated in
accordance with the doctrine of equitable
apportionment.
6. Limits.
Discharges shall not contain more than negligible
amounts of debris, oil, scum, or other floating
materials, suspended matter which will settle to
form sludge, toxic s.ubstances, or substances or
organisms that produce color, taste, odor of the
water, or taint fish or shellfish flesh.
483
-------
DELAWARE RIVER BASIN WATER REGULATIONS - NEW SOURCES (CONTD.)
Surface Water Quality Criteria (Contd.)
II. SPECIFIC RECEIVING WATER QUALITY CRITERIA (CONTD.)
Within this requirement:
a) Oil.
Not to exceed 10 mg/1; no readily visible
oil.
b) Debris, scum, or other floating materials.
None .
c) Toxicity.
i) Not more than 50 percent mortality in 96
hours in an appropriate bioassay test
with a 1:1 dilution. Wastes containing
chlorine may be dechlorinated prior to
the bioassay test.
ii) Notwithstanding the results of the tests
prescribed in paragraph i) above, the
substances listed below being
accumulative or conservative, shall not
exceed the following specified limits in
an effluent.
limit mg/1
Arsenic 0.1
Barium 2.0
Cadmium 0.02
Chromium (hexavalent) 0.10
Copper 0.20
Lead 0.10
Mercury 0.01
Selenium 0.02
Zinc 0.60
iii) Persistent pesticides - not to exceed
one one-hundredth of the 11.50 value
at 96 hours as determined by appropriate
bioassay.
d) Odor.
Not to exceed a threshold number of 250.
e) Dissolved Oxygen - Interstate Nontidal
Streams.
484
-------
DELAWARE RIVER BASIN WATER REGULATIONS - NEW SOURCES (CONTD.)
S-urface Water Quality Criteria (Contd.)
II. SPECIFIC RECEIVING WATER QUALITY CRITERIA (CONTD.)
The discharge of an effluent, after
dispersion in the water of the river, shall
not cause a reduction of the dissolved oxygen
content of such water of more than five
percent.
f) Carbonaceous Oxygen Demand (COD)
The carbonaceous oxygen demand from an
outfall (exclusive of stormwater by-pass)
shall not exceed that assigned by the
Commission to maintain stream quality
objectives.
g) Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)
i) Interstate nontidal streams. No
discharge shall exceed 50 mg/1.
ii) Interstate tidal streams. No discharge
shall exceed 100 mg/1.
iii) In either i) or ii) above a slight
deviation may be permitted by the
Commission when such deviation results
from reduced secondary treatment plant
efficiency caused by wastewater
temperatures below 59°F.
h) pH
i) Between 6 and 9
ii) Where streams have high acidity levels a
discharge with a pH greater than 9 may
be permitted.
i) Ammonia
i) Nontidal waters - not to exceed 20 mg/1
(as nitrogen), 30 day average
ii) Tidal waters - not to exceed 35 mg/1 (as
nitrogen), 30 day average
j) Dissolved substances.
Dissolved and colloidal substances, including
nutrients, discharged in waste effluents
shall be limited where necessary to prevent
485
-------
DELAWARE RIVER BASIN WATER REGULATIONS - NEW SOURCES (CONTD.)
Surface Water Quality Criteria (Contd.)
II. SPECIFIC RECEIVING WATER QUALITY CRITERIA (CONTD.)
deposition of sediments, formation of
flocculent materials, or excessive aquatic
growths, that impair protected uses, violate
water quality criteria, or generate
additional oxygen demands upon the receiving
waters.
k) Total dissolved solids.
i) Not to exceed 1,000 mg/1.
A discharge with a greater concentration
may be permitted:
- provided that stream background will
not be increased by more than 1.6
percent (stream background is the
stream condition were there no waste
discharge)
- except that this percentage may be
modified upon application, to reflect
physical conditions of the stream in
relation to the water quality criteria
and the present and foreseeable
discharge along the affected reach.
486
-------
XVII. MEXICO: WATER REGULATIONS - NEW SOURCES'
Agencies: Secretariat for Water Resources;
Secretariat for Health and Welfare;
Secretariat for Industry and Trade
I. GENERAL
A. Definitions
1. "Assimilative capacity" means the property pos-
sessed by a receiving water, calculated on the
basis of the projected discharge rate [gasto de
diseno], whereby its quality is restored in such a
manner that the established quality standards are
not infringed in time or space.
2. "Dilution capacity" means the quantity of any
element, compound, or substance that can be
absorbed by a receiving water without exceeding at
any time or place the maximum concentration of the
particular element, compound, or substance laid
down in the quality standard for the particular
receiving water, taking as the basis for the
calculation the normal projected discharge rate and
the normal projected volume.
3. "Classification of surface waters" means the
designation given to the water in a river, lake,
estuary, or coastal zone, or any part thereof, with
a view to its usage for different legitimate human
activities.
M. "Estuary" means the part of a river that is subject
to the influence of tides and is limited in length
to the zone within which the concentration of
chlorides is equal to 250 mg/1 or more during
low-water periods.
5. "Receiving water" means any catchment system,
river, river basin, riverbed, reservoir, or deposit
of waters capable of directly or indirectly
receiving wastewater discharges.
B, General Provisions
1. In order to preserve and restore the quality of
receiving waters, the prevention and control of
water pollution must be effected, under the terms
of these regulations, by means of the following
procedures:
487
-------
MEXICO: WATER REGULATIONS - NEW SOURCES
I. GENERAL (CONT)
a) the treatment of wastewaters in order to
control the levels of settleable solids,
greases and oils, and floating matter, as well
as the temperature and pH; and
b) the estimation of and adherence to specific
conditions for wastewater discharges, by treat-
ing the latter, where appropriate, in accord-
ance with the results of studies carried out by
the competent authority on the receiving waters
concerned, their assimilative capacity and
dilution capacity, and other factors.
2. Measures relating to public and industry awareness,
information and education.
a) Within their respective spheres of jurisdic-
tion, the agencies of the Federal Executive
shall draw up and implement plans, campaigns,
and any other activities contributing to educa-
tion, information, and dissemination of know-
ledge in respect to the significance of the
problem of water pollution, its consequences,
and, in general, methods for its prevention,
control, and abatement.
b) The Secretariat for Public Education shall in-
vite the National Council of Science and Tech-
nology and other scientific and technical re-
search institutes within the country to under-
take, in conjunction with the Secretariats for
Water Resources, Health and Welfare, Agricul-
ture and Livestock Breeding, and Industry and
Trade, studies and research on new methods,
systems, equipment, apparatus, and other de-
vices enabling the prevention, control, and
abatement of water pollution.
c) The Secretariats for Health and Welfare, Water
Resources, and Agriculture and Livestock Breed-
ing, the Department of Agrarian Affairs and
Colonization, and, where appropriate, the
Secretariat for Shipping and the Department for
the Federal District, may seek the advice of
the National Council of Science and Technology
in regard to research on the planning, program-
ming, coordination, orientation, harmonization,
promotion, and implementation of activities
related to the prevention and control of water
pollution.
488
-------
MEXICO: WATER REGULATIONS - NEW SOURCES
I. GENERAL (CONT)
d) The Chambers of Industry, National Chambers of
Commerce, and their respective Confederations
shall co-operate with the authorities by
keeping their members informed of the measures
to be adopted for the prevention and control of
water pollution and for the preservation and
restoration of water quality.
3. Except in the cases excepted by these Regulations,
it shall be prohibited to dump or deposit garbage
and other wastes resulting from human activities,
solid objects, rubble, industrial sludge, and the
like into rivers, riverbeds, reservoirs, estuaries,
and other receiving waters.
It shall likewise be prohibited to deposit, in
areas adjacent to receiving waters, the wastes or
residues referred to in the preceding paragraph
where these are liable to be drawn into the waters
in question.
4. The persons responsible for wastewater discharges
within a given area may group together to construct
joint works or installations, in order to effect a
single discharge, which must meet the standards
laid down herein.
Whenever a discharge is effected into nationally
owned waters, the authorization of the Secretariat
for Water Resources shall be required.
In all other cases, the Secretariat for Water
Resources shall act in coordination with the
competent local authorities for the purposes
referred to in this Section.
5. Surface receiving waters have been classified
according to their uses in the following manner:
DA For drinking water and food industry
supply systems, with disinfection
only. Recreation (primary contact)
and free for DI, DII and Dili uses.
DI For drinking water supply with conven-
tional treatment (coagulation, sedi-
mentation, filtration, and disinfec-
tion) and for industrial purposes.
489
-------
MEXICO: WATER REGULATIONS - NEW SOURCES
I. GENERAL (CONT)
DII Water suitable for recreational use,
conservation of flora and fauna, and
for industrial purposes.
Dili Water suitable for agricultural or
industrial purposes.
DIV Water for industrial purposes (except
for food processing).
II. WASTEWATER DISCHARGE (EFFLUENT) LIMITATIONS.
A. Unless specific criteria for individual discharges have
been laid down in accordance with [these regulations],
the provisions of the table below shall apply to all
wastewater discharges:
Maximum Permissible Levels
Settleable solids 1.0 mg/1
Greases and oils 70 mg/1
Floating matter No floating matter that is
retained by a screen having an
aperture size of 3 mm
Temperature 35°C
pH 4.5-10.0
III. RECEIVING WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
A. The limitation and tolerance levels in TABLE 1 are
general criteria and shall be the basis for specific
conditions for any individual wastewater discharges
laid down by the Secretariat for Water Resources.
B. Toxic Substance Limitations.
TABLES 2 and 3 list some of the toxic substances
subject to regulation and investigation in various
parts of the world. The values shown for the various
substances are guidelines, not limitations, and are
subject to modification as new scientific and
technological data become available.
490
-------
TABLE 1. STANDARDS FOB SURFACE RECEIVING HATERS
VO
Class*
(by
water
use)
DA
DI
DII
Dili
DIV
(1)
pH
6.5
to
8.5
6.0
to
9-0
6.0
to
9.0
6.0
to
9.0
5.0
to
9.5
(2)
Temper-
ature
CO
2.5°
above
NC" (a)
2.5"
above
NC (a)
2.5*
above
NC (a)
2.5°
above
NC (a)
(3)
DO"
(•g/1)
Maxi-
mum
limit
4.0
4.0
4.0
3.2
3.2
(4)
Col if or •
bacteria
(MPN" of
bacteria
per 100
•1)
Maximum
limit
200 fecal
coliforms
(b)
1000 fecal
collforms
(c)
10000 total
coliforms
as the
•onthly
•ean; no
value
greater
than
20000 (n)
1000 (J);
no restric-
tions for
other
crops
(5)
Oils
and
greases
(•g/1)
Maxi-
mum
limit
0.76
1.0
No
visi-
ble
film
No
visi-
ble
film
(6)
Dis-
solved
solids
(•g/1)
Maxi-
mum
limit
Not to
exceed
1000
Not to
exceed
1000
Not to
exceed
2000
(i)
(7)
Turbi-
dity
(JTU)"
Maxi-
mum
limit
10
NC
NC
NC
(8)
Color-
ation
(plati-
num-
cobalt
scale
Maxi-
mum
Unit
20
(f)
NC
NC
plus
10
(9) (10) (It)
Odor Nutrl- Float-
and ents: ing
taste nltro- natter
gen and
phos-
phorus
Mini- Maxi-
mum mum
Unit limit
Absent (c) Absent
i
(g) (c) Absent
NC (c) Absent
(c) Absent
(12)
Toxic
sub-
stances
(d)
(d)
(d)
(d)
(d)
See I7B.5.herein for details on the various water use class!fications shown.
••DO - Dissolved oxygen HPN = Moat probable number JTU = Jackson Turbidity Unit
NOTE: See footnotes on following page
NC = Normal Conditions
-------
TABLE 1. STANDARDS FOR SURFACE RECEIVING WATERS (CONT)
Footnotes for Table 1:
(a) Maximum 30°C, except when caused by natural conditions.
Measured at the surface, outside the mixing zone.
(b) This category may have a fecal coliform count greater than
200 in not more than 10$ of all the monthly samples taken
(minimum 5).
(c) Must not be present in amounts causing hyperfertilization.
(d) The criteria relating to toxic substances are as follows:
No toxic substance may be present, either alone or in
combination with others, at concentrations liable to make
the receiving waters in question unsuitable for the specific
purpose for which they are intended. (See the table on
toxic substance limitations in III.B. below).
(e) This category may have a fecal coliform count greater than
2000 in not more than 10% of all the monthly samples taken
(minimum 5).
(f) No artificial coloring is permitted if it cannot be
coagulated by conventional treatment methods.
(g) Removable by conventional treatment methods.
(h) Fecal coliform count of 2000 as a monthly mean, with no
value exceeding 4000.
(i) Conductivity no greater than 2000 /cm ( S/cm). If the
sodium absorption factor is greater than 6, the Secretariat
for Water Resources is to fix the maximum value permitted.
Boron, 0.4 mg/1. For higher values, the competent authority
is to establish the maximum value permitted.
(j) For irrigation of vegetables that are consumed unboiled or
fruit in contact with the soil.
492
-------
TABLE 2. MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE QUANTITIES OF TOXIC
SUBSTANCES IN RECEIVING WATERS*
(Maximum Values in mg/1)
Arsenic
Barium
Boron
Cadmium
Copper
Hexavalent chromium
Mercury
Lead
Selenium
Cyanide
Phenols
Substances
reacting to
methylene blue
(detergents)
Substances that
are extractable
with chloroform
DA
0.05
1.00
1.00
0.01
1.00
0.05
0.005
0.05
0.01
0.20
0.001
0.50
0. 15
DI
0.05
1.00
1.00
0.01
1.00
0.05
0.005
0.05
0.01
0.20
0.001
0.50
0. 15
DII
1.00
5.00
_
0.01
0. 1
0. 1
0.01
0. 10
0.05
0.02
1.00
3.0
—
Dili
5.00
_
2.0
0.005
1.0
5.00
-
5.00
0.05
_
_
_
_
Radioactivity
^Picocuries/1)
Beta activity
226Ra
Strontium
1.000
3
10
1.000
3
10
1.00
3
10
•See I.E.5 herein for water use classifications used.
493
-------
TABLE 3. MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE QUANTITIES OF TOXIC
SUBSTANCES IN ESTUARIES
(Maximum Values in mg/1)
Arsenic 1.00
Cadmium 0.01
Copper 0.05
Hexavalent chromium 0.01
Mercury 0.00
Lead 0.10
Phenols 0.10
Substances reacting to methylene blue (detergents) 0.50
Nickel 0.10
Zinc 10.00
Sulfides 0.50
Fluorides 1.50
Ammonia 0.80
Cresols 1.50
Cyanide 0.00
494
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MEXICO - AIR STANDARDS: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE
FOR NEW STATIONARY SOURCES
Agencies: Ministry of Health and Welfare;
Ministry of Industry and Commerce
I. GENERAL PROVISIONS
A. Definitions
1. "Emission" means the direct or indirect discharge
into the atmosphere of any substance, other than
water in its uncombined forms, including but not
limited to odors, particulates, vapors, gases or
any combination of these.
2. "Dust" means small particles emitted into the
atmosphere by natural elements or by mechanical
processes, such as milling, drilling, transporta-
tion of earth, demolition and others.
3. "Fugitive dust" means particulate suspended in the
air emitted by any source other than a chimney.
4. "Combustion equipment" means all equipment or
mechanisms related to the combustion or burning of
combustibles, including incinerators, boilers,
pressure vessels, equipment for burning trash,
fuels or any combustible material from which the
products of combustion are emitted. Equipment
that generates heat and may emit products of
combustion, as well as mechanical, metallurgical,
chemical and manufacturing processes that may emit
smoke, suspended materials or other atmospheric
pollutants, are included.
5. "Smoke" means those particles resulting from an
incomplete combustion, composed mainly of coal,
ashes and other combustible materials that are
visible in the atmosphere, and similar particles
resulting from the sublimation of metals.
6. "Process" means any action, operation or
treatment, including chemical, industrial or
manufacturing elements, as well as manufacturing
or processing methods or operations that may emit
smokes, solid particles, gases or any other
pollutant.
495
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MEXICO - AIR STANDARDS: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE
_ FOR NEW STATIONARY SOURCES _ _(CONTD. )
I. GENERAL PROVISIONS (CONTD.)
7. "Process weight" is the weight of all the
materials introduced in a specific process and
which may cause emissions. Solid fuels are
considered a part of the process weight, but
liquid and gaseous fuels and combustion air are
not .
II. VISIBLE EMISSION STANDARDS
A. Combustion Equipment and/or Incinerators
1 . Maximum Emissions
a") No. 2 on Ringelmann Chart or equivalent
opacity.
III. EMISSION STANDARDS FOR PARTICIPATE MATTER
A. Process Industries
1 . Maximum Emissions
For process weight rates up to and including
28.5 metric tons per hour:
E = 5.805(P)°-67
where: E = Maximum allowable emissions in
kilograms per hour
P = Process weight in metric tons per hour
For process weight rates greater than 28.5 metric
tons per hour:
E = 75
B. Process Industries - Alternate Standards
1. Where it is not possible to apply III. A. above to
a facility or operation, use the following table
of maximum particulate concentration allowed in
source exhaust gases:
496
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MEXICO - AIR STANDARDS: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE
FOR NEW STATIONARY SOURCES (CONTD. )
III. EMISSION STANDARDS FOR PARTICULATE MATTER (CONTD.)
Maximum allowable particulates concentration.
Exhaust Gas Volume Allowable Particulates
at the Source, Concentration,
m normal mg/m normal
100 849.0
125 795.0
150 750.0
175 714.0
200 684.0
300 600.0
400 543.0
500 510.0
750 444.0
1,000 406.0
1,500 357.0
2,000 324.0
3,000 285.0
4,000 258.0
5,000 240.0
7,500 210.0
10,000 192.0
15,000 168.0
20,000 154.2
30,000 135.0
40,000 123.0
50,000 114.0
2. Multiple Chimneys: Determination of
Allowable Particulates
Where one process or a group of processes
utilizes separate chimneys.
a) The total allowable emissions shall first
be determined for the process or complex
of processes as per III.A. or III.B.
above. The emissions allowed through any
single chimney shall then be such
proportion of the total allowable
emissions as the process weight rate (or
exhaust gas rate) associated with the
process or processes emitting through
that chimney are to the total process
weight rate (or total exhaust gas rate).
497
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MEXICO - AIR STANDARDS: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE
FOR NEW STATIONARY SOURCES (CONTD . )
III. EMISSION STANDARDS FOR PARTICIPATE MATTER (CONTD.)
C. Incinerators and Fuel Burning Equipment (for Indirect
Heating)
1. Maximum Emissions Where Fuel is Petroleum Derived
for 2. 63" MM kcal/hr heat input:
M5 grams/HM kcal heat input
for < 63 MM kcal/hr heat input:
80 grams-/MM kcal heat input
2. Maximum Emissions Where Solid Fuel is Burned
for ^> 40 MM kcal/hr heat input: ~~~
1 kg/MM kcal heat input
for < 40 MM kcal/hr heat input:
1.5 kg/MM kcal
IV. STANDARDS FOR FUGITIVE DUST
A. The system for the control of fugitive dust which is
designated by the Ministry of Health and Welfare in
permits issued for any new industrial process or
operation shall be installed and utilized.
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XVIII. CANADA - FEDERAL: WATER REGULATIONS
Agencies: Environmental Protection Service (E.P.S.),
Branch of Fisheries and Environment Canada -
Water Pollution Control Directorate and
Federal Activities Environmental Branch of
Environmental Conservation Directorate
I. GENERAL
A. Definitions
1. "Advanced Wastewater Treatment" means treatment
systems which are designed to remove pollutants
which are not adequately removed by conventional
secondary treatment processes.
2. "Best Practicable Technology" involves the use of
production processes, activity practices, and
control equipment that are technically feasible
and economically possible. It is dynamic and
will be progressively updated in the light of new
developments in technology, social attitudes and
pressures of continued growth.
3. "Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)" means the
quantity of oxygen used in the biochemical
oxidation of organic matter in five days at 20°C
under aerobic conditions.
4. "Chlorine Residual" means the amount of chlorine
(combined and free available chlorine) remaining
in effluents after a specified contact time.
5. "Effluents" means any wastewater discharged
directly or indirectly to surface waters or to
any storm sewer, and the runoff from land used
for disposal of wastewater sludges, spray
irrigation, or other wastes, but does not
otherwise include land runoffs.
6. "Fecal Coliform Bacteria" means organisms
associated with the intestines of warm blooded
animals that are commonly used to indicate the
presence of fecal material and the potential
presence of organisms capable of causing disease
in man.
7. "Receiving Water" means surface or ground waters
which have either treated or untreated wastes
discharged to them.
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CANADA - FEDERAL: WATER REGULATIONS
I. GENERAL (CONT)
8. "Secondary Treatment" means a combination of
biological or chemical processes with mechanical
and/or gravitational methods to remove dissolved,
colloidal, and suspended matter. This degree of
treatment is considered, to result in at least 85%
removal of suspended solids and BOD.
9. "Suspended Solids" means solid matter that either
floats or is suspended in water, sewage or other
liquids and which can be largely removed by
laboratory filtering.
10. "Total Phosphorus" means the sum of all forms of
phosphate normally present in domestic waste-
water, including ortho-phosphates, polyphosphate's
metaphosphates, pyrophosphates and organic
phosphates, expressed in terms of concentration
of P.
11. "Wastewater" means the spent water of a
community. From the standpoint of source, it may
be a combination of the liquid and water-carried
wastes from residences, commercial buildings,
industrial plants, and institutions, together
with any groundwater, surface water, and storm
water that may be present. In recent years, the
word wastewater has taken precedence over the
word sewage.
12. "24-hour Composite Sample" means a 24-hour
composite sample consisting of several effluent
portions (usually one per hour) collected in a
24-hour period and composited according to flow.
13. "Grab Sample" means a single sample of wastewater
taken neither at a set time nor flow.
B. GENERAL PROVISIONS
1. It is the policy of the Federal Government to set
and maintain a high national standard in keeping
with a role of national leadership in environ-
mental protection with respect to its own activi-
ties. Facilities for water pollution control are
to reflect sound engineering and best practicable
technology regardless of dilution available from
receiving waters. Effluent guidelines for waste-
water from Federal facilities are to be equal to
or more stringent than the established standards
or requirements of any Federal or Provincial
regulatory agency. Such an approach is designed
to demonstrate leadership on the part of the
Federal Government.
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CANADA - FEDERAL: WATER REGULATIONS
I. GENERAL (CONT)
2. Dilution.
Dilution of an effluent prior to its discharge
for the expressed purpose of attaining specific .
limits is not acceptable.
When feasible, cooling water and other clean
water should be segregated from the wastewater
and discharged to storm drainage systems.
3. Environmental Compatibility.
All wastewater treatment systems serving Federal
establishments should take into account all
aspects of environmental protection and energy
conservation. Efforts should be made to conserve
natural resources and to preserve natural beauty,
wildlife, recreational areas, historic sites and
private property. Attention should be given to
the general aesthetic appearance of the facility
and to the prevention of possible odour and fly
problems.
4. Storm Sewer Discharges
Only clean, unpolluted water should be discharged
to storm sewers and other storm drainage systems
since these flows will not normally receive
treatment before discharge to receiving waters.
Discharges that are acceptable include roof and
foundation drains and, depending upon the
activity carried out, runoff from ground and
paved areas. Unpolluted, cooling water may be
discharged to storm sewers provided the
temperature limits noted herein are not exceeded.
Under no circumstances should sanitary sewer
connections to storm sewers be permitted.
In order to ensure that any proposed discharges
to the storm drainage are acceptable and will not
degrade receiving water quality, the Environment
Protection Service should be consulted, giving
the source of discharge, the volume, and if
possible, its expected quality.
5. Mixing Zones
In assessing the effect of an effluent on a
receiving water, an opportunity should be allowed
for the mixture of an effluent with its receiving
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CANADA - FEDERAL: WATER REGULATIONS
I. GENERAL (CONT)
water. The design and location of an outfall
should be established on a case by case basis, in
consultation with the local EPS office, and
should be based on the following:
1) The physical, chemical and biological
characteristics of the body of water;
2) The present and anticipated future use and
water quality of the body of water. In
addition, the zone of influence should be so
established as to assure a reasonable zone of
passage for aquatic life in the stream.
Mixing zones should not be used as a substitute
for adequate treatment or control of discharges
at their source, nor should they occupy the total
width of a waterway thereby blocking the passage
of fish and other aquatic organisms. The water
quality objectives should be met at the periphery
of these zones.
II. EFFLUENT DISCHARGE CRITERIA AND LIMITATIONS -
EFFLUENTS FROM FEDERAL ESTABLISHMENTS
A. Applicability
These guidelines apply to all effluents discharged
from land based establishments under the direct
authority of the Federal Government.
B. The Cabinet Decision of June 8, 1972, entitled
"Control and Abatement of Pollution from Federal
Activities - Cleanup and Prevention," calls for the
cleanup of existing sources of pollution from Federal
Establishments and for the screening of all new
projects initiated by the Federal Government for
potential adverse environmental effects. The purpose
of these guidelines is to indicate the degree of
treatment and effluent quality that will be applicable
to all wastewater discharged from existing and
proposed Federal installations. Use of these
guidelines is intended to promote a consistent
approach towards the cleanup and prevention of water
pollution and ensure that the best practicable control
technology is used.
C. When an effluent complying with the effluent guide-
lines specified herein results in a violation of the
water quality requirements or objectives specified by
another pollution control agency, appropriate action
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II. EFFLUENT DISCHARGE CRITERIA AND LIMITATIONS -
EFFLUENTS FROM FEDERAL ESTABLISHMENTS (CONT)
should be taken to meet whatever effluent limits are
necessary to ensure compliance with the water quality
requirements of such other agency. In the case where
no water quality objectives are in effect for a
particular receiving water, the acceptability of the
effluent should be based on consultations between the
appropriate Federal and Provincial agencies. Appli-
cable reports prepared by the Department of the
Environment should be used as guides in determining
the acceptability of an effluent in such cases. In
receiving bodies of water where water quality objec-
tives are already exceeded upstream of the discharge
point, the effluent should be of such quality as to
maintain or enhance the quality of the receiving water
downstream from the point of discharge.
D. General Effluent Requirements.
Effluents from the Federal establishments should be
treated before being discharged to receiving waters so
that they are:
1. Free from materials and heat in quantities,
concentrations or combinations which are toxic or
harmful to human, animal, waterfowl or aquatic
life;
2. Free from anything that will settle in receiving
waters forming putrescent or otherwise
objectionable sludge deposits, or that will
adversely affect aquatic life or waterfowl;
3. Free from floating debris, oil, scum and other
materials in amounts sufficient to be noticeable
in receiving waters;-
4. Free from materials and heat that alone, or in
combination with other materials will produce
color, turbidity, taste or odour in sufficient
concentration to create a nuisance or adversely
affect aquatic life or waterfowl in receiving
waters;
5. Free from nutrients in concentrations that create
nuisance growths of aquatic weeds or algae in the
receiving waters.
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CANADA - FEDERAL; WATER REGULATIONS
II. EFFLUENT DISCHARGE CRITERIA AND LIMITATIONS -
EFFLUENTS FROM FEDERAL ESTABLISHMENTS (CONT)
E. Compliance with Specific Limits.
Treatment systems should be designed and operated
so that the effluent quality described below will
be achieved consistently. In general, compliance
with the numerical limits should be based on
24-hour composite samples with the exception of
those parameters which require grab sampling.
Some allowance will be given for samples to exceed
the limits specified because of unrepresentative
sampling and normal treatment plant upsets. For
both composite and grab samples, 80 percent of a
statistically reliable number of samples (minimum
of five samples) in any consecutive 30-day period
should not exceed the limits specified, nor should
any single sample exceed five times the specified
limit. Chlorine residual should be measured by
the treatment plant operator at least once every
two days to ensure that the specified range of
residual is not being violated.
F. Specific Limits for Effluents.
Effluents discharged to receiving waters should
receive treatment such that an effluent of the
following minimum quality is achieved:
5 day BOD - 20 mg/1
Suspended Solids - 25 mg/1
Fecal Coliforms (MF method) - 400/100 ml (after
disinfection)
Chlorine Residual - 0.50 mg/1 minimum
after 30 minutes
contact time (1)
1.00 mg/1 maximum
pH (range) - 6.0 to 9.0
Phenols - .02 mg/1
Oils & Greases - 15 mg/1
Phosphorus (Total P.) - 1.0 mg/1 (2)
Temperature - not to alter the ambient water
temperature by more than 1°C (3)
Note:
(1) Applicable where chlorination is used for
disinfection purposes
(2) Applicable where phosphorus removal is
required
(3) Applicable at perimeters of mixing zone
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CAMADA - FEDERAL: WATER REGULATIONS
HI EFFLUENT DISCHARGE CRITERIA AND LIMITATIONS -
EFFLUENTS FROM PETROLEUM REFINERIES
A. Applicability
This section controls discharges of the deleterious
substances listed below from petroleum refineries:
1. Any substance capable of altering the pH of liquid
effluents or once-through cooling water.
2. Oil and grease
3. Phenols
l». Sulfide
5. Ammonia nitrogen
6. Total suspended matter
B. Definitions
1. "Actual Deposit" means the aggregate quantity,
measured in pounds per day, of a deleterious
substance prescribed in A.2 through A.6 that is
contained in all liquid effluent and once-through
cooling water and that is actually deposited in
any one day by a refinery.
2. "Ammonia Nitrogen" means the nitrogen in ammonia
that results from the operation of a refinery,
that is contained in liquid effluent or
once-through cooling water from that refinery and
that is determined to be present therein by the
test method referred to [herein].
3. "Authorized Deposit" means the aggregate quantity,
measured in pounds per day, of a deleterious
substance prescribed in A.2 through A.6 that is
contained in all liquid effluent and once-through
cooling water and that may be deposited in any one
day by a refinery under the authority of these
Regulations.
4. "Deposit" means to deposit or permit the deposit
in water frequented by fish.
5. "Liquid Effluent" means waste water and includes
process water, cooling tower blow-down, tank drain-
ing, ballast water, storm water, wastes from
water treatment facilities and run-off from land
used for the disposition of waste water and
sludges associated with the operation of a refinery,
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CANADA - FEDERAL; WATER REGULATIONS
III. EFFLUENT DISCHARGE CRITERIA AND LIMITATIONS -
EFFLUENTS FROM PETROLEUM REFINERIES (CONT)
6. "Minister" means the Minister of the Environment.
7. "Oil and Grease" means the oil and grease that
results from the operation of a refinery, that is
contained in liquid effluent or once-through
cooling water from that refinery and that is
determined to be present therein by the test
method referred to [herein].
8. "Once-Through Cooling Water" means, subject to
subsection (3), water that has been circulated
once through heat exchangers, either singly or in
series, for the purpose of removing heat from
process streams and that is not intended to come
into contact with the process streams.
9. "Reference Crude Rate" means the quantity of crude
oil, expressed in thousand barrels per day, that
has been declared by the owner of a refinery lo be
the reference crude rate of the refinery.
10. "Refinery" means facilities intended primarily for
the separation and conversion of crude oil into
products, including liquified petroleum gas,
gasolines, naphthas, heating oils, fuel oils,
asphalts, lubricating oils and greases, benzene,
toluene, xylene, hydrogen, sulphur and coke, and
includes blending, shipping and packaging
facilities located on the refinery property and
all properties developed for the operation of
those facilities, but does not include facilities
associated with the processing of natural gas or
the production of synthetic petroleum originating
from coal or bituminous sands.
11. "Storm Water" means water run-off that results
from precipitation of any kind that falls on a
refinery and includes water run-off originating
from outside the refinery that passes over or
through the refinery.
12. "Stream Day Crude Rate" means the rate, in barrels
per day, at which crude oil is processed in a
refinery.
13. "Sulfide" means dissolved sulfide that results
from the operation of a refinery that is contained
in liquid effluent or once-through water from that
refinery and that is determined to be present
therein by the test method referred to [herein].
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CANADA - FEDERAL: WATER REGULATIONS
III. EFFLUENT DISCHARGE CRITERIA AND LIMITATIONS -
EFFLUENTS FROM PETROLEUM REFINERIES (CONT)
14. "Total Suspended Matter" means the non-filterable
residue that results from the operation of a
refinery, that is contained in liquid effluent or
once-through cooling water from that refinery and
that is determined to be present therein.
15. When water deemed not storm water.
a) When storm water is protected, in such manner
as the Minister may approve in writing, from
contamination by the deleterious substances
prescribed in A. that originate from the
refinery, the storm water shall be deemed not
to be storm water for the purpose of these
Regulations.
b) When, prior to being deposited, liquid efflu-
ent or once-through cooling water has been
treated, in such manner as the Minister may
approve in writing, at a site outside a re-
finery for the purpose of removing therefrom
the deleterious substances prescribed in A.
the liquid effluent or once-through cooling
water shall be deemed not to be liquid efflu-
ent or once-through cooling water for the
purpose of these Regulations.
C. Specific Criteria and Standards for Prescribed
Deleterious Substances
1. pH.
Subject to these regulations, the owner of a
refinery may deposit the deleterious substance
prescribed in paragarph A.1 if the pH of the
liquid effluent or once-through cooling water is
within the limits of 6.0 and 9.5.
2. Authorized Deposits of a Deleterious Substance
a) Subject to these Regulations, the owner of a
refinery may deposit a deleterious substance
prescribed herein if:
i) the arithmetic mean of the actual
deposits of each such substance during
the month in which the deposit is made
does not exceed the arithmetic means of
the authorized deposits of that substance
in the same month for the refinery, as
calculated in accordance with 4. a); and
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CANADA - FEDERAL: WATER REGULATIONS
III. EFFLUENT DISCHARGE CRITERIA AND LIMITATIONS -
EFFLUENTS FROM PETROLEUM REFINERIES (CONT)
ii) the actual deposit of each such substance
deposited in each day by the refinery
does not exceed, for more than one day in
each month, the authorized deposit of
that substance for the refinery, as
calculated in accordance with *J.c); and
iii) the actual deposit of each such substance
deposited in each day by the refinery
does not exceed the authorized deposit of
that substance for the refinery as
calculated in accordance with 4.d).
b) Subject to these regulations, the owner of a
refinery may deposit a deleterious substance
prescribed in A.2, 3, or 6. If the aggregate
quantity of that substance contained in storm
water being deposited in any month does not
exceed the limit of the deposit authorized of
that substance in the same month for the
refinery, as calculated in accordance with 4.e)
ii).
3- Reference crude rates.
a) When the owner of a refinery intends to deposit
a deleterious substance prescribed in A.2
through 6, he shall, before making the deposit,
sign, date and forward to the Minister a decla-
ration, in such form as the Minister may pre-
scribe, stating the reference crude rate of
the refinery.
b) For the purpose of a) above; the reference
crude rate of a refinery is the maximum design
stream day crude rate of the refinery, divided
by one thousand.
c) The owner of a refinery may revise the refer-
ence crude rate of the refinery at any time by
signing, dating and forwarding to the Minister
a declaration, in such form as the Minister may
prescribe, stating the revised reference crude
rate of the refinery.
d) The owner of a refinery that deposits a dele-
terious substance prescribed in A.2 through 6
shall revise the reference crude rate of the
refinery if the arithmetic mean of the stream
day crude rates during any two consecutive
months, divided by one thousand, excluding days
when crude rates have been reduced due to
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CANADA - FEDERAL: WATER REGULATIONS
III. EFFLUENT DISCHARGE CRITERIA AND LIMITATIONS -
EFFLUENTS FROM PETROLEUM REFINERIES (CONT)
refinery maintenance, is less than 85 percent
of the last declared reference crude rate of
the refinery and shall sign, date and forward
a declaration, in such form as the Minister
may prescribe, stating the revised reference
crude rate of the refinery.
e) For the purpose of subsection c), the revised
reference crude rate of a refinery is the
arithmetic mean of stream day crude rates
sustained in commercial operation for at least
seven consecutive days, divided by one
thousand.
f) For the purpose of subsection d), the revised
reference crude rate of a refinery is the
arithmetic mean of stream day crude rates
sustained in commercial operation for at least
fourteen consecutive days, divided by one
thousand.
g) The revised reference crude rate of a refinery
takes effect on the first day of the month in
which it is declared.
4. Calculation of Authorized Deposits
a) For the purpose of 2.a)i) the arithmetic mean
of the authorized deposits for a refinery for
a month shall be calculated using the amounts
obtained in the calculations made under
subsection b).
b) The authorized deposit for a refinery of a
deleterious substance prescribed in A.2
through 6 shall, subject to e), be calculated
for each day by multiplying the amount in
column II of an item of Schedule I for the
deleterious substance by the reference crude
rate of the refinery for that month.
c) For the purpose of 2.a)ii), the authorized
deposit for a refinery of a deleterious
substance prescribed in A.2. through 6 shall,
subject to e) below, be calculated by multi-
plying the amount set out in column III of an
item of Schedule I for the deleterious
substance by the reference crude rate of the
refinery for that month.
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CANADA - FEDERAL; WATER REGULATIONS
III. EFFLUENT DISCHARGE CRITERIA AND LIMITATIONS -
EFFLUENTS FROM PETROLEUM REFINERIES (CONT)
d) For the purpose of 2.a)iii) the authorized
deposit for a refinery of a deleterious
substance prescribed in A.2 through 6 shall,
subject to e), be calculated by multiplying
the amount set out in column IV of an item of
Schedule I for the deleterious substance by
the reference crude rate of the refinery for
that month.
e) Storm water effect
i) When storm water is deposited by a
refinery in any day, the authorized
deposit for the refinery of a deleterious
substance prescribed in A.2, 3, or 6
calculated in accordance with sections a)
and c) may be increased for that day by
the amount set out in column II of an item
of Schedule II for the deleterious
substance for each 10,000 Canadian gallons
of storm water that is deposited.
ii) The limit of the deposit authorized in
pounds per month of a deleterious
substance prescribed in paragraph 4a), b)
or e) contained in storm water being
deposited by a refinery in any month shall
be calculated by multiplying the amount
set out in Column III of an item of
Schedule II for the deleterious substance
by the reference crude rate of the
refinery for that month.
5. Calculation of Actual Deposits
The monitoring, measurements, tests, calculations
and reporting with regard to actual deposits of a
deleterious substance in A.1 through A.6 shall be
performed in accordance with methods and
procedures [herein].
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CANADA FEDERAL: WATER REGULATIONS
III. EFFLUENT DISCHARGE CRITERIA AND LIMITATIONS -
EFFLUENTS FROM PETROLEUM REFINERIES (CONT)
6. Schedules for Authorized Deposits Calculations
SCHEDULE I
Amounts to be Used in Calculating Authorized
Deposits of Deleterious Substances
Column I
Name of
Deleterious
Substance
Column II
Monthly
amount in
pounds per
1,000 bar-
rels of
crude oil
Column III
One day
amount in
pounds per
1,000 bar-
rels of
crude oil
Column IV
Maximum
daily amount
in pounds
per 1,000
barrels
of crude
oil
Oil and
Grease
Phenols
Sulfide
Ammonia
Nitrogen
Total
Suspended
Matter
3.0
0.3
0. 1
3.6
7.2
5.5
0.55
0.3
5.7
12.0
7-5
0.75
0.5
7.2
15.0
SCHEDULE II
Amounts to be used in Calculating Additional
Authorized Deposits of Deleterious Substances
When Storm Water is Being Discharged and Limits
of Deposits Authorized
Column I
Name of
Deleterious
Substance
Column III
Pounds per 10,000
10,000 Canadian
Gallons of Storm
Water
Column III
Pounds per
month per
1,000 bar-
rels of
crude oil
per day
Oil and Grease
Phenols
Total Suspended
Matter
511
1.0
0. 1
3.0
25.0
2.5
75.0
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CANADA FEDERAL: WATER REGULATIONS
III. EFFLUENT DISCHARGE CRITERIA AND LIMITATIONS -
EFFLUENTS FROM PETROLEUM REFINERIES (CONT)
D. Guidelines Respecting Acute toxicity of Liquid Effluents
1. Definitions
a) "Bioassay Sample" means the liquid in the test
vessels in which test fish are exposed during
bioassay testing procedures and which has been
formulated in accordance with procedures
[herein].
b) "Effluent Sample" means the contents of a
receptacle into which representative portions of
liquid effluent or once-through cooling water
from a refinery are delivered manually or by a '
sampling device in accordance with [Schedule III
herein].
c) When storm water is deemed not to be storm water
, for the purpose of the Petroleum Refinery Liquid
Effluent Regulations, it is deemed not to be
storm water for the purpose of these Guidelines.
2. Applicability
This subsection D. is applicable to the owner of a
refinery during any period in which the refinery is
depositing any substance listed in III. A. herein.
The reporting requirements are to be met after the
end of any month during which such deposits were
made.
3. Specific Standards
a) For the purpose of these Guidelines, refinery
liquid effluent and once-through cooling water
that is deposited is not acceptable if more than
50% of the fish die in the bioassay sample, when
tested according to the bioassay procedure set
out [herein in Schedule I]. This is the "96
Hour Flow-through Bioassay Procedure."
b) Dilution of liquid effluent or once-through
cooling water at a refinery primarily for the
purpose of meeting the objective set out in a)
should not be carried out.
c) The owner of a refinery is also requested to
determine once a month or as requested by the
Minister the acute toxicity of liquid effluent
and once-through cooling water being deposited
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III. EFFLUENT DISCHARGE CRITERIA AND LIMITATIONS -
EFFLUENTS FROM PETROLEUM REFINERIES (CONT)
by the refinery by carrying out tests and
observations in accordance with [Schedule II
herein].
d) For the purpose of c) if the owner of a refinery
is unable to obtain suitable fish stocks for the
testing set out therein it need not be carried
out.
J|. Reporting Requirements
The owner of a refinery to which this subsection D
is applicable in any month is requested to sign,
date and forward to the Minister promptly after the
end of that month a report in such form as the
Minister may prescribe, indicating:
a) The reference crude rate for that refinery at
the time of sampling.
b) The flow rates at the time the effluent sample
was taken for each liquid effluent and
once-through cooling water stream.
c) The flow rate of storm water, if any, contained
in liquid effluent at the time the effluent
sample was taken.
d) The quantity and percentage of diluent added to
the effluent sample.
e) The bioassay procedure used in determining the
acute toxicity of liquid effluent and once-
through cooling water.
f) The number of dead fish observed in the test and
control vessels for the exposure times outlined
in the bioassay procedure used.
g) Any other information the owner may feel is
useful in interpreting the results of the test.
IV. CRITERIA FOR WASTEWATER TREATMENT
A. Federal Establishments
1. Minimum Treatment Guidelines
Generally, secondary treatment or equivalent should
be the minimum acceptable treatment, provided that
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IV. CRITERIA FOR WASTEWATER TREATMENT (CONT)
the effluent produced meets the effluent guidelines
specified. Treatment systems (properly designed,
operated and maintained) that are capable of meeting
these requirements include activated sludge plants,
trickling filters, rotating biological contactors,
independent physical-chemical plants, and two-cell
lagoon systems. Two-cell lagoon systems should be
designed with a minimum of annual retention (longer
retention periods where climatic extremes warrant).
Discharge should be made once per year, during the
spring. Procedures for discharging can be obtained
from local E.P.S. offices. Land disposal systems
such as one-celled total retention lagoons or spray
irrigation should be considered acceptable provided
soil, groundwater and climatic conditions are
satisfactory. In spray irrigation systems, the
irrigation water, as a minimum requirement, should
meet the effluent quality limits specified herein
with the exception of spray irrigation of food
crops, orchards, pasture lands or recreational areas
when more stringent limits on irrigation water are
necessitated because of a public health risk.
Holding tanks should be considered acceptable
provided their operation constitutes no threat to
public health or impairs aesthetic conditions of the
site at which they are utilized. The contents of
such holding tanks should be disposed of on a
regular basis in accordance with the requirements
and limits outlined in these guidelines. Septic
tanks or Imhoff tanks discharging directly to
surface waters are not considered acceptable.
2. Disinfection Guidelines
The discharge of a chlorinated effluent from a
Federal establishment to a receiving stream may, in
some instances, prove hazardous to the habitat and
life of fish and shellfish native to that body of
water. Such being the case, as determined by the
local Environmental Protection Service office,
several alternative solutions are available which
depend on each particular situation. These include:
a) Discharge of an effluent with no disinfection
where it is proved beyond reasonable doubt that
there is no threat to public health.
b) Utilization of an alternate non-toxic disinfec-
tant or method of disinfection.
514
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CANADA FEDERAL: WATER REGULATIONS
IV. CRITERIA FOR WASTEWATER TREATMENT (CONT)
c) Utilization of dechlorination units prior to the
discharge of a chlorinated effluent.
3. Treatment and Disposal of Sludge.
The discharge of untreated sewage sludge to the
environment should not be considered an acceptable
practice. Untreated sewage sludge includes raw
sludge removed from septic tanks and holding tanks,
as well as unprocessed sludge removed from
wastewater treatment systems indicated elsewhere
herein. Treated sludge should not be discharged
into receiving waters or treatment plant effluents.
Ocean dumping of treated sludge should not be
permitted.
Processes involving the treatment and disposal of
sludge should reflect the best practicable
technology available, as well as integrate uniformly
into wastewater treatment systems.
4. Advanced Wastewater Treatment Requirements.
Technology is available which will permit the
installation of advanced wastewater treatment
systems when an effluent quality higher than the
minimum specified herein is desired. Locations for
such installations shall be based on the need for
maintaining or enhancing receiving water quality in
environmentally sensitive areas.
5. Discharges to Shellfish, Water Supply Areas or
Recreational Waters - Guidelines.
Discharges in close proximity to shellfish beds,
public water supply areas or contact recreation
areas should be avoid'ed. Where such discharges are
unavoidable, the following items are recommended and
may be required in addition to other measures for
reliability.
a) Dual disinfection units;
b) Automatic facilities to regulate and record
residuals;
c) Automatic alarm systems to give warning of high
water, power failure, or equipment malfunction;
d) Advanced wastewater treatment units;
e) Seasonal discharge.
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CANADA FEDERAL: WATER REGULATIONS
IV. CRITERIA FOR WASTEWATER TREATMENT (CONT)
6. Pretreatment.
In cases where it is judged that the discharge of an
effluent from a Federal establishment may cause fire
or explosion or be injurious in any other way to a
collection or treatment facility, or cause the
violation of applicable effluent or receiving water
standards, pretreatment or prohibition of the
discharge of such materials to the sewer system may
be required.
7. Discharge to Municipal Systems.
The use of municipal facilities for treatment and
disposal of effluents from Federal establishments
shall be encouraged provided such arrangements are
economically feasible and the municipality itself
complies with Federal and Provincial regulations or
intends to do so within a reasonable time frame. In
cases where municipal systems are inadequate,
pretreatment of wastewater may be required.
V. RECEIVING WATER QUALITY CRITERIA
A. General Receiving Water Quality Objectives Promulgated
by the Federal Government for the Yukon and Northwest
Territories
1. These general water quality objectives will give
over-all guidance to water managers for ensuring
that, regardless of the utilization or development
of the water resource, reasonable measures will be
taken to protect water quality.
2. Every effort should be made to retain the natural
quality of territorial waters. Should, however, it
be deemed necessary to allow degradation to occur
for socio-economic, or other reasons, then all
reasonable and practicable measures should be
employed to ensure that the loss in quality does
not exceed the minimum levels required to protect
the most sensitive use.
3. Territorial waters deemed to have outstanding
natural recreational and aesthetic value should be
maintained in their natural state.
4. To ensure that the quality and over-all value of
territorial waters are protected and enhanced,
water pollution control programs should ensure
that:
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CANADA FEDERAL: WATER REGULATIONS
V. RECEIVING WATER QUALITY CRITERIA (CONT)
a) The quality of any body of water and the
life-system functioning within that water
body should not be allowed to deteriorate
below minimum acceptable levels consistent
with current knowledge and practicable
technology, or, if below, should be brought
up to a minimum acceptable quality;
b) Certain "high quality" bodies of water whose
existing quality is substantially above
existing requirements, should be maintained
at their existing high quality levels.
c) Where natural conditions are suitable, all
bodies of water should be sufficiently high
quality to permit safe direct body contact.
d) All waters should meet minimum national or
international standards and objectives
(statutory, recommended, or agreed) designed
for the protection or enhancement of public
health and well-being.
e) The quality of waters should be maintained so
as not to impede optimum sustainable economic
yield of Canada's fishery resources
compatible with other desired uses of water.
f) All waters should be maintained free from, or
within concentration limits designated under
appropriate legislation respecting
environmental contaminants or conditions, any
substances which pose a threat to the aquatic
or human environment. Such freedom or
limitation should be corroborated by
biological assessment.
g) All waters should be free from amounts of
substances attributable to municipal,
industrial and other discharges that will
settle to form putrescent or otherwise
objectionable desposits, that produce colour,
odour and other conditions, in such a degree
as to create a nuisance or in concentrations
that are toxic or harmful to human, animal or
aquatic life .
h) All waters should be free from floating
debris, oil, scum and other floating
materials attributable to municipal,
industrial or other discharges (including
517
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CANADA FEDERAL: WATER REGULATIONS
V. RECEIVING WATER QUALITY CRITERIA (CONT)
those from ships and other water-borne
vehicles) in amounts sufficient to cause
unsightly or deleterious effects on water
quality.
i) All waters should be free from nutrient
substances derived from municipal,
industrial, agricultural or other sources in
concentrations or quantities that create
nuisance growths of aquatic plants and algae.
VI. WATER QUALITY CRITERIA FOR SPECIFIC USES OR SUPPLY
A. In several guideline codes the Canadian Federal
government has incorporated criteria for specific
water uses which cannot be directly compared to the
receiving water or effluent criteria summarized in
this synopsis. However, these water use criteria may
eventually be the basis for receiving water standards
which in turn control the levels at which effluent
standards are set. The major categories or areas in
which these Canadian water use criteria fall are:
1. Public Water Supply
2. Aesthetics and Recreation
3. Aquatic Life and Wildlife
4. Agricultural Water Supply
5. Industrial Water Supply
B. A further break-down showing representative specific
subjects included in Canadian criteria tables within a
few of the above 5 general categories follows:
1. Agricultural
Water Quality Criteria for Irrigation Waters
Water Quality and Body Burden Criteria for
Livestock
2. Aquatic Life and Wildlife
Guidelines Defining Various Levels of Protection
from Harmful Factors for Aquatic Ecosystems
Temperature Guidelines for Fish and Other Aquatic
Organisms
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CANADA FEDERAL: WATER REGULATIONS
VI. WATER QUALITY CRITERIA FOR SPECIFIC USES OR SUPPLY (CONT)
Finely Divided Solids Guidelines for Harmful
Effects on Aquatic Organisms
Salinity Guidelines for Freshwater and Estuarian
Aquatic Organisms
3. Aesthetics and Recreation -
*a) Water Quality Guidelines for Direct Contact
Recreation
4. Industrial -
a) Industrial Water Quality Requirements at
Point of Use of Cooling, Heating and Steam
Generation
b) Industrial Water Quality Requirements at
Point of Use for Chemical and Allied
Industries
c) Industrial Water Quality Requirements at
Point of Use for Miscellaneous Industries
d) Water Quality Criteria for Food Processing
e) Water Quality Criteria for Brewing and Soft
Drinks
f) Water Quality Criteria for Leather and
Tanning and Finishing
g) Water Quality for Boiler Feed Water
*h) Water Quality Criteria for Cooling Water
*i) Water Quality Criteria for the Petroleum
Industry
j) Water Quality Criteria for the Mining
Industry
•Tables included in C. below
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CANADA FEDERAL: WATER REGULATIONS
VI. WATER QUALITY CRITERIA FOR SPECIFIC USES OR SUPPLY (CONT)
C. For reference only several of the tables listed in B.
are included below. These criteria are not
comparable to and therefore not included in the
summary of most stringent standards and criteria.
1. Water Quality Guidelines for Direct Contact
Recreation (swimming, bathing, wading, water
skiing):
No.
1 .
2.
3-
4 ,
5.
6.
Parameter
Total Coliform
Organisms (Median
MPN)
Fecal Coliform
Organisms (Median
MPN)
Turbidity (Jackson
Unit)
Secchi Disc Visibi-
lity (minimum)
pH, units
Temperature
Objective
<100
< 20
< 5
20 F (6 m)
6.5 - 8.3
No increase over
Maximum Per-
missible Limit
500
200
50
4 F (1.2 m)
>6; >9
30°C. (85°F.)
7. Total Plankton
Concentration
(Biomass)
8. Colour (Pt-Co
Scale)
9. Odour (T.O.N.)
10. Ether Extrac-
tible Oils &
Grease (mg/1)
11. Synthetic Deter-
gents
12. Toxic Substances
natural
No increase (over
normal level) by
induced growth.
13.
vity
Gross Radioacti-
Inoffensive
No noticeable oil
slicks or floating
grease
Less than foam-
threshold (usually
<0.5 mg/1 as ABS-
equiv.)
Drinking Water Quality
Standards
None
Not more than
5,000 org/1
over normal
level
100
16
5 mg/1
2 mg/1 as ABS-
equiv.
Not to exceed s
emergency limit
for toxicants
<10 pc/1
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CANADA FEDERAL: WATER REGULATIONS
VI. WATER QUALITY CRITERIA FOR SPECIFIC USES OR SUPPLY (CONT)
2. Water Quality Criteria for Cooling Water:
Substance Units Concentration
Hardness (CaCO ) mg/L 50
Iron mg/L 0.5
Manganese mg/L 0.5
Turbidity J.T.U. 50
Water should not deposit scale, be corrosive nor
encourage the growth of slime.
3. Water Quality Criteria for Petroleum Industry:
Substance Units Concentration
Calcium mg/L 75
Chloride mg/L 200
Dissolved Solids mg/L 750
Hardness (CaCO ) mg/L 350
Hardness, non-carbonate mg/L 70
Iron mg/L 1.0
Magnesium mg/L 25
pH Units 6.0 - 9.0
Suspended Solids mg/L 10
521
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CANADA-FEDERAL; AIR REGULATIONS NEW SOURCES
Agencies: Environmental Protection Service-
Air Pollution Control Directorate
(Branch of Environment Canada),
Department of National Health and Welfare,
Atmospheric Environment Service,
(Branch of Fisheries and Environment Canada)
I. GENERAL
A. Definitions
1. "Act" means the Clean Air Act of Canada.
2. "Air contaminant" means a solid, liquid, gas or
odour or a combination of any of them that, if
emitted into the ambient air, would create or
contribute to the creation of air pollution.
3. "Ambient air" means the atmosphere surrounding
the earth, but does not include the atmosphere
within a structure or within any underground
space.
4. "Arctic mining" refers to the mining, crushing,
concentrating, concentrate drying and associated
operations for the recovery of iTiinerais or ..-;cl^l
concentrates other than the quarrying of sand,
gravel and aggregates or the mining and milling
of asbestos carried out in the Yukon or the
Northwest Territories.
5. "Ary" means a measurement that does not include
uncombined water vapour.
6. "Metallurgical coke" means the total solid
carbonaceous residue, produced from the
destructive distillation of coal, obtained by the
by-product process.
7. "Metallurgical coke manufacturing plant" means a
plant or any part thereof in which coal is
processed into metallurgical coke suitable for
blast furnace or foundry or other metallurgical
process use.
8. "Minister" means the Minister of the Environment.
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CANADA-FEDERAL: AIR REGULATIONS NEW SOURCES
GENERAL (CONTD.)
9. "Opacity" means the degree to which emissions
reduce the transmission of light and obscure an
object in the background.
10. "Particulate matter" means any finely divided
liquid or solid material other than water
drop lets.
11. "Prescribed" means prescribed by regulation.
12. "Stationary source" means any source of emission
of one or more air contaminants other than a
motor vehicle, ship, train or aircraft. Note that
the U.S. E.P.A. regards a ship in drydock as a
stationary source.
13. "Undiluted" means that gaseous diluents have not
been used to conceal an emission or to achieve
compliance with this guideline.
B. General Provisions
1. The guidelines herein for particulate matter and
SO, for the metallurgical coke manufacturing
inaustry have been developed in consultation with
representatives of provincial governments and of
that industry and are based on best practicable
technology currently available to the metallurgi-
cal coke manufacturing industry to control emis-
sions of particulate matter and sulphur dioxide
to the ambient air. If implemented on a national
basis, particulate and sulphur dioxide emissions
from metallurgical coke manufacturing plants
would be reduced by 70% Existing plants may
require additional time to implement the
guidelines herein suggested.
The Minister of the Environment anticipates that
provincial air pollution control agencies may
wish to adopt these guidelines as minimum stan-
dards for metallurgical coke manufacturing plants
located within their jurisdiction. However,
local conditions such as density of industrial
development or topography may necessitate the
adoption of more stringent requirements than
those suggested in these guidelines in some
areas.
2. The guidelines herein for particulate matter,
sulphur dioxide, and opacity for the arctic
tinning industry have been developed in consulta-
523
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tion with representatives of territorial govern-
ments, of the arctic mining industry and of the
Department of Indian and Northern Affairs, and
are based on best practicable technology cur-
rently available to the arctic mining industry to
control emissions to the ambient air. If imple-
mented, particulate matter emissions from arctic
mining plants would be reduced by 80 percent.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has no
regulations for the Arctic Mining Industry.
The territorial governments have indicated agree-
ment in principle to adopt the guidelines as
minimum standards for arctic mining plants located
within their jurisdiction. Local conditions, such
as topography, may necessitate the adoption of more
stringent requirements than those suggested in these
guidelines in some areas.
Notes on Canadian Federal Air Regulations and
Federal-Provinces relationship as to air
pollution control in Canada:
Canada is a federal state with the provinces
being similar to states of the United States.
Canada passed its Clean Air Act in 1971 and
most of the provinces have their own legisla-
tion in this area, some having created it
before 1971. Both federal and provincial
governments are empowered to make a variety of
laws and regulations relating to environmental
matters. Compared with the United States
system, as evolved, the Canadian provinces have
thus far developed their own environmental
regulations more independently than the states
in the U.S., with many less mandatory require-
ments placed on the provinces by the Canadian
federal government or its Clean Air Act.
The Canadian federal government has potential
regulatory authority in its legislation than
actually used thus far, and may be expected to
increase its involvement. The federal Clean
Air Act authorizes the Canadian government,
among other things, to:
a) Coordinate a national program of air
pollution surveillance in Canada;
b) Establish National Air Quality Objectives
or targets for air quality;
524
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c) Establish regulations for air pollution
control including the setting of emission
standards for point sources of air
pollution (these standards may be
enforced by federal, provincial, or local
control agencies); and
d) Promulgate national "guidelines" for
recommended emission limits, which are
not immediately enforceable by law, but
may become so if the necessity arises.
The federal guidelines and regulations are
developed with the assistance of industry and
provincial governments through a government-
industry task force. Point source air
pollution containment is stressed and generally
based on best practicable or best available
technology. The national emission guidelines,
developed to provide the basis for minimum
controls across Canada, have been adopted as
emission standards by some of the provinces.
Where air contaminants are being emitted that
would constitute a significant danger to human
health, national emissions standards may be
prescribed directly by the federal government
as regulations enforceable by legislation.
Federal guidelines have been published for
emissions to the air from the cement, asphalt
paving, coke oven, and arctic mining indus-
tries. Guidelines for incineration, natural
gas processing, and petroleum refining are
nearing completion, while those for other in-
dustries are in development. Federal regula-
tions are at present in effect for limiting the
quantities of lead from secondary lead smel-
ters and regulations limiting asbestos from
asbestos mining and milling operations, mercury
from chlor-alkali plants, and requiring infor-
mation on the composition of fuel and fuel add-
itives will come into effect in 1978. Federal
regulations controlling emissions of vinyl
chloride and arsenic are also under development.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has new
source regulations for 27 industrial categories,
as well as standards for asbestos, mercury,
beryllium and vinyl chloride. These regulations
could serve as a resource to the Canadian Federal
Government in the development of their standards
and regulations.
525
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CANADA-FEDERAL; AIR REGULATIONS NEW SOURCES^
II. EMISSION STANDARDS FOR PARTICIPATE MATTER
AND OPACITY STANDARDS
A. Metallurgical Coke Manufacturing Industry
(Limitations in this subsection were issued as
"national guidelines.") Maximum emission rates:
1. Charging operation
0.20 Ibs/short ton of dry coke produced
2. Pushing operation
0.020 gr/SCF, dry and undiluted, gaseous
downstream of gas cleaning equipment.
3. Quenching operation
0.10 lb/short ton of dry coke produced
4. Coal and coke crushing and screening operations
0.020 gr/SCF, dry and undiluted, exhaust gases
downstream of gas cleaning equipment.
5. Exhaust Gases from Battery Stack(s)
0.030 gr/SCF, dry and undiluted.
6. Exception to subsections A.1-A.5. above:
Guidelines suggested may be exceeded in the
event of a malfunction or breakdown in air
pollution equipment associated with the process
equipment, but such events should be minimized,
both as to frequency and duration of each
occurence.
B. Arctic Mining Industry ("national guidleines")
1. Maximum Opacity
20%
2. Particulate Matter - maximum emissions
0.017 gr/SCF, dry and undiluted,
from an arctic mining plant
3. Waiver of compliance requirement.
Upon written application, a waiver from the
limitations of subsection B. may be granted by
the agency, which shall take into account the
following factors in considering approval:
a) submission and approval of a schedule of
compliance;
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CANADA-FEDERAL: AIR REGULATIONS NEW SOURCES
II. EMISSION STANDARDS FOR PARTICIPATE MATTER
AND OPACITY STANDARDS (CONTD.)
b) the nature and characteristics of the plant
process and the plant size;
c) the plant operating, maintenance and house-
keeping practices;
d) the performance specifications of the air
pollution control equipment which
i) has been installed and is in operation,
ii) is being installed,
iii) is in the planning stages for
installation.
III. EMISSION STANDARDS FOR S02
A. Metallurgical Coke Manufacturing Industry
(Limitations in this subsection were issued as
"national guidelines")
1. Maximum emission rate from combustion of coke
oven gas.
2.60 Ib/short ton (this limitation is
equivalent to an I^S content in the coke
oven gas of 50 gr/100 SCF coke oven gas)
B. Arctic Mining Industry ("national guidelines")
1. Maximum emission rate from combustion of fuel oil
used in drying concentrates.
0.61 Ib/MM Btu
IV. LIMITATIONS ON OTHER CONTAMINANTS BY INDUSTRIAL SOURCE
CATEGORIES
(As directly applicable standards are limited, the follow-
ing regulations are included as references, and to aid in
showing the nature and scope of the Canadian-Federal Air
Regulations)
A. Maximum Mercury Emissions from Chlor-Alkali Plants
1. Applicability. For this subsection chlor-alkali
plant means any facility or combination of
facilities, located at an industrial site,
designed or operated for the production of
chlorine and alkali metal hydroxides by means of
any industrial process involving the electrolysis
of brine using one or more mercury cells, and
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CANADA-FEDERAL: AIR REGULATIONS NEW SOURCES
IV. LIMITATIONS ON OTHER CONTAMINANTS BY INDUSTRIAL SOURCE
CATEGORIES (CONTD.)
includes any ancillary equipment that is used for
the further concentration of the alkali metal
hydroxide produced and any properties used for
the operation of the facilities.
2. Ventilation gases exhausted from cell rooms;
5 g/day/1000 Kg rated capacity
3. In hydrogen gas stream from denuders:
0.1 g/day/1000 Kg rated capacity
4. In gases exhausted from retorts:
0.1 g/day/100 Kg rated capacity
5. Tanks. No mercury shall be emitted directly
into the ambient air from a tank.
6. The total amount of mercury emitted by a plant
from sources specified in A.2-A.5. above shall
not exceed 1.68 Kg/day. Note that this limita-
tion is stricter than the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency regulation (40CFR Part 61, Sub-
part E), which allow? not more than 2.3 kg/24 hrs
of mercury to be emitted from chlor-alkali plants.
From sewage sludge incinerators, the U.S. Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency standard calls for an
emission "not to exceed 3200 g/24 hrs of mercury."
B. Maximum Asbestos Emissions from Asbestos Mining and
Milling Operations.
1. In gases emitted at a mine or mill from crushing,
drying or milling operations as from dry rock
storage
2 asbestos fibres/cubic centimeter of gases,
dry and undiluted. The U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency has no similar standard.
C. Should a province have any more stringent reoula-
tion or standard than those in A. and B. above,
such more stringent requirement would apply within
the territory of that province.
D. [The Canadian Federal government also has anti-
pollution regulations pertaining to metallurgical
industries which require periodic reporting of
information relating to emissions of arsenic and
mercury from affected facilities in these industries.
Similarly, other regulations require regular reporting
of certain information, including the chemical or
elemental composition of fuels by producers or
importers of fuels over a certain quantity.]
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CANADA - FEDERAL: SOLID WASTE REGULATIONS - NEW SOURCES
Agencies: Environmental Protection Service (E.P.S.) -
Environmental Impact Control Directorate
(Branch of Fisheries and Environment Canada)
I. GENERAL
A. Definitions
1. "Ashes" means residue from burning of any
combustible material.
2. "Cover material" is soil or other suitable
material that is used to cover compacted solid
waste in a land disposal site.
3. "Disposal" means the final treatment, discharge
or placement of solid wastes in a manner which
results in minimal or no impact on the
environment.
4. "Hazardous and toxic waste" means any product or
substance that is or contains a poisonous, toxic,
inflammable, explosive or corrosive product or
substance of similar nature, which upon release
or escape to the environment may cause or may
contribute to a harmful effect on the
environment, and on human health and safety. It
covers chemical, toxic, hazardous, pathological
and similar gaseous, liquid and solid wastes, but
excludes gaseous, liquid and solid municipal
wastes, radioactive materials, non-toxic and
non-hazardous commercial and industrial solid
wastes, construction debris, and similar wastes.
5. "Incineration" means a combustion process to
reduce the weight and volume of a waste on a
controlled basis. Products of this process may
include non-combustible gases and solid residues
containing little or no combustible material.
6. "Industrial solid wastes" means all solid wastes
which result from industrial processes and
manufacturing operations such as food processing,
factories, processing plants, repair and cleaning
establishments, refineries and rendering plants.
7. "Primary collection" is the act of removing
wastes from the point of generation to the
storage area.
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CANADA - FEDERAL: SOLID WASTE REGULATIONS - NEW SOURCES
I. GENERAL (CONTD.)
8. "Processing of wastes" means any technology
applied for the purpose of reducing the bulk of
solid waste materials or any technology designed
to convert part or all of the waste materials for
reuse. Processing of wastes generally produces a
change in physical characteristics.
9. "Putrescible" means solid waste capable of being
decomposed by micro-organisms with sufficient
rapidity to cause nuisances from odours and
gases, such as kitchen wastes, offal and
carcasses.
10. "Refuse" is a mixing of garbage and rubbish
(putrescible and non-putrescible wastes), with a
moisture content of about 35 to 50 percent and a
gross heat value of 4000 - 6000 Btu/lb.
11. "Rubbish" means non-putrescible solid waste.
Includes ashes of both combustible and
non-combustible wastes, such as paper, cardboard
tin cans, yard clippings, wood, glass, bedding
crockery, or litter of any kind.
12. "Secondary collection" means the act of removing
solid wastes from the central storage point of a
primary source.
13. "Solid waste handling" means the purposeful
systematic control of the collection, processing,
storage and transport of solid wastes.
14. "Waste management" - management refers to all
aspects of the establishment and operation of a
system for safe and efficient control of wastes.
B. Applicability
These guidelines and standards shall apply to Federal
facilities under the jurisdiction of the Federal
Government.
All solid wastes generated at Federal facilities
should be handled in compliance with this code and
with applicable municipal, provincial and Federal
regulations or requirements. The highest standard
should always be followed.
530
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CANADA - FEDERAL: SOLID WASTE REGULATIONS - NEW SOURCES
I. GENERAL (CONTD.)
C. General Provisions and Objectives.
1. A waste handling system includes an organization
which provides for the orderly, systematic and
efficient control of generation, collection,
processing, storage and transportation of solid
wastes. This control requires the involvement of
qualified personnel in all phases of management.
Handling procedures for solid waste should
reflect the variety of substances at each
individual facility and the disposal methods
available.
2. Objectives
The objectives of solid waste management systems
are:
a) The reduction of waste generation within
Federal facilities. The quantities of solid
wastes generated at a facility can be reduced
at two activity levels: purchasing and use.
Therefore, the availability and type of
disposal method should be a primary factor in
the determination of purchasing policies.
Similarly, improvements to user habits can
reduce the generation of solid waste.
Management should review procedures which
generate solid waste to determine where
improvements can be made.
b) The attainment of maximum safety, efficiency
and economy in the collection, processing,
storage, and transportation of solid wastes.
The use of standard receptacles, containers,
collection vehicles, processing equipment and
work procedures will improve the economy and
safety of solid waste handling. Waste handl-
ing personnel should be trained and fully
qualified in the use of waste handling equip-
ment, and in lifting and carrying heavy or
bulky objects. They should wear suitable
clothing, perferably uniforms, that will not
become entangled in equipment which they
operate in the course of their duties. The
hazards inherent in handling solid waste
result in a high rate of accidental injury.
Treasury Board has established the safety
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CANADA - FEDERAL: SOLID WASTE REGULATIONS - NEW SOURCES
I. GENERAL (CONTD.)
requirements governing Federal government
departments and the responsibility for moni-
toring departmental compliance with these
safety standards is assigned to the Canada
Department of Labour. Management should
consult with the Canada Department of Labour
concerning these safety requirements and
develop safety and training programs to
assist in reducing accident frequency. The
safety requirements mentioned above for any
employee of. a Federal government department
are specified in the Treasury Board Standards
Respecting Materials Handling and Personal
Protective Clothing in Section 2 of the book-
let "Occupational Health and Safety."
Personnel who have other duties in addition
to waste handling, particularly food prepara-
tion, should be required to wash after
handling wastes or waste containers. The
requirements of the Department of National
Health and Welfare with respect to personnel
protection should be adhered to by all indi-
viduals. Cleanliness is essential in every
phase of waste management.
c) The recovery, where feasible and practical,
of recyclable materials from solid wastes.
Where quantities of recyclable waste and
local market conditions indicate the feasibi-
lity of recycling, handling procedures should
be adapted to meet this requirement.
d) The establishment and maintenance of an
interface between each Federal facility and
the public or private waste disposal agency.
Waste handling personnel may be under the
direct supervision of the waste handling
manager or they may be employed by con-
cessionaires or cleaning and maintenance
contractors. In either case, personnel
should be required to comply with the
requirements of this code.
e) The observance of protective measures to
minimize the adverse effects of solid waste
generation on the ecology.
f) Solid wastes may be classified as shown
(herein) by category, composition, and
source.
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CANADA - FEDERAL: SOLID WASTE REGULATIONS - NEW SOURCES
I. GENERAL (CONTD.)
g) This code will be revised and amended from
time to time to reflect new developments in
technology and/or changing circumstances.
II. SOLID WASTE SYSTEM MANAGEMENT - PRIMARY COLLECTION,
PROCESSING, AND DISPOSAL
A. Primary Collection
Each facility is responsible for the waste it produces
until it has been disposed of in an approved manner.
The method used to prepare waste for collection is a
significant aspect in maintaining an effective and
efficient operation from the point of generation
through to final disposal.
Primary collection is the removal of solid wastes from
points of generation to one or more storage areas
within the facility. A solid waste management system
will establish:
1. Types, sizes and locations of the various waste
receptacles required.
2. Segregation and preparation of wastes, if
feasible, for recycling or disposal.
3. Frequency of collection.
4. Collection resource requirements (conveyances and
manpower).
E. Processing
Processing reduces the volume, facilitates handling
and can lower the cost of storage, secondary
collection, transportation and disposal. Evaluation
of processing techniques should be conducted in
consideration that the ultimate disposal of some
portion or all of the solid waste generated will be
sanitary landfill. Processing methods should be
selected to be compatible with all other phases of the
waste handling system.
Depending on building layouts, processing may be most
economical either at points of generation or in waste
storage areas. For example, kitchen wastes should be
de-watered in the kitchen area before being deposited
533
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CANADA - FEDERAL: SOLID WASTE REGULATIONS - NEW SOURCES
II. SOLID WASTE SYSTEM MANAGEMENT - PRIMARY COLLECTION,
PROCESSING, AND DISPOSAL (CONT)
in receptacles. An alternative processing method is
wet grinding. The discharge of ground garbage into
the sanitary sewers should not be permitted unless it
can be shown that the added organic and hydraulic
loads will have no detrimental effects on the sewage
system. Local codes must also be reviewed to deter-
mine whether or not the practice is permitted. The
advantages of wet grinding to the solid waste handling
system must be weighed against the disadvantages to
the sewage system.
Where rubbish is transported to storage areas by
gravity chutes and/or conveyors, processing equipment
should be located in the storage areas. The process-
ing equipment may be a baler, grinder, hogger, pulper,
pulverizer or shredder as described in Section 4.
Processing equipment should be arranged to discharge
directly into bulk containers where possible. This
will minimize handling of wastes by personnel.
C. Disposal
Disposal is considered herein as the final treatment
or combination of treatments in the conversion of
wastes to innocuous materials or useable by-products.
Generally, known disposal methods are limited to re-
latively few conversion processes, some involving
conversion by normal decomposition of materials and
several processes which involve accelerated conver-
sion.
Conversion of waste may be accelerated by destructive
disposal processes such as controlled incineration.
Conversion may also be accomplished by natural com-
posting or accelerated by means of various mechanized
systems. Grinding of domestic and commercial food
wastes for discharge to sewers with ultimate process-
ing at treatment plants and final disposal of sludge
at sanitary landfills or other disposition is accepted
in many areas as a disposal method for garbage. In
addition, other terminal processes such as wet air
oxidation and pyrolysis are among the newer accele-
rated conversion processes being explored. Reclama-
tion of selected waste materials, rendering of animal
534
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CANADA - FEDERAL: SOLID WASTE REGULATIONS - NEW SOURCES
II. SOLID WASTE SYSTEM MANAGEMENT - PRIMARY COLLECTION,
PROCESSING, AND DISPOSAL (CONT)
carcasses and fats for production of glues, ferti-
lizers and soaps, as well as salvage of food wastes
for swine feeding, are representative of the accele-
rated conversion processes by salvage. Disposal by
sanitary landfill, is the only acceptable process
where conversion is not normally accelerated by man,
where normal bacteriological decomposition of material
occurs.
It should also be noted that some form of land dis-
posal will ultimately be required for disposal irre-
spective of the processing or treatment method uti-
lized in order to handle residue and special wastes,
and to provide a back-up system for mechanized dis-
posal techniques which are subject to mechanical and
labor problems.
Sanitary landfill sites and practices should be
thoroughly examined before entering into an agreement
with a disposal agency, and an annual review of prac-
tices should be carried out.
The major factors which should be considered in evalu-
ating a sanitary landfill site are:
1. Site selection and preparation
2. Equipment
3- Operating and monitoring procedures
4. Costs
Site selection should be evaluated in terms of public
health and safety, location, accessibility, local
zoning regulations and•potential for causing environ-
mental damage from gas migration and leachate move-
ment. Special requirements such as climate, terrain,
proximity to airfields and ultimate use of a complet-
ed site should be included in the overall assessment.
Site preparation should provide for an adquate engi-
neering survey to establish access roads, drainage,
soil and groundwater characteristics, equipment
storage facilities, services and the availability of
adequate cover.
535
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CANADA - FEDERAL: SOLID WASTE REGULATIONS - NEW SOURCES
II. SOLID WASTE SYSTEM MANAGEMENT - PRIMARY COLLECTION,
PROCESSING, AND DISPOSAL (CONT)
Equipment should be evaluated to ensure that it is
suited to the requirements of the operation. Size and
type of equipment should be adequate to meet refuse
compaction and daily cover material handling
requirements.
Operating procedures should follow the practices re-
commended by the American Society for Civil Engineer-
ing in using either the area fill or trench fill tech-
niques. Monitoring procedures for ensuring proper
control of fire hazard, air and water pollution,
pests, insects and other nuisances should be
enforced.
Federal facilities should use provincially approved
disposal services provided such disposal facilities
and services conform to recommended practices as
provided for in the "Guidelines on Sanitary Landfill
at Federal Establishments" and the "Guidelines
Applicable to Incinerators at Federal Establishments."
III. DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FOR SOLID WASTE SYSTEMS
A. General Design Considerations
The designer of new or remodelled Federal facilities
should prepare a comparative cost analysis of collec-
tion, waste processing, storage, transportation and
disposal alternatives for consideration prior to final
choice of methods to be employed. The design brief
for new or remodelled Federal facilities should con-
tain the following information relevant to solid waste
handling:
1. Classification of solid wastes generated by the
facility, either known or estimated.
2. Quantities of solid wastes generated by the faci-
lity, by type, either known or estimated.
3. Dimensions, weights, types and quantities of pri-
mary collection vehicles.
4. A review of availability of secondary collection,
transportation and disposal facilities and an
536
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CANADA - FEDERAL: SOLID WASTE REGULATIONS - NEW SOURCES
III. DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FOR SOLID WASTE SYSTEMS (CONT)
analysis of the adequacy of these for each waste
type.
5. Annual costs of available types of bulk waste
containers.
6. Annual cost of available methods of secondary
collection, transportation and disposal of routine
solid wastes.
IV. SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR NORTHERN CLIMATES, AND WORK
CAMP FACILITIES.
Due to the problems peculiar to northern climates and
isolated sites such as temporary work camps and wilderness
recreation areas, a special section is included here des-
cribing recommended practices designed to reduce or over-
come the effects of these problems.
A. Northern Climate Facilities
All Northern establishments should have a centralized,
controlled waste handling system. Cold temperatures
in northern climates require that equipment and faci-
lities for the collection, storage, and transportation
of solid waste be properly designed and maintained for
use under extreme temperature conditions.
1. Primary Collection and Storage. Where applicable,
separate containers must be provided for solid
waste and human waste to ensure effective and safe
collection of solid waste.
In addition to meeting basic criteria for the
types of solid waste described, containers and
facilities for retaining containers prior to
collection, should meet thj following criteria:
a) Able to withstand temperature extremes.
b) Inaccessible to wild life.
c) Unaffected functionally by freezing.
d) Placed above ground (suspended from above or
placed on platforms).
e) Primary containers (i.e. garbage bags) should
be made of biodegradable materials.
f) Purchased in standard shapes and sizes.
g) Inaccessible to scavengers.
537
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CANADA - FEDERAL: SOLID WASTE REGULATIONS - NEW SOURCES
III. DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FOR SOLID WASTE SYSTEMS (CONT)
B. Work Camps
Solid waste management at work camps must be based on
a pre-planned program and should be supervised by an
individual familiar with the equipment and the
difficulties associated with the extremes of both
climate and terrain in northearn areas.
All procedures for collection, storage, treatment and
disposal of solid waste must be considered and
completely specified in the initial planning stage for
each camp. Each work camp situation is different and
no single method will be adequate for all situations.
Collection, storage, conveyance, and disposal
operations at work camps should be carried out to
ensure the following:
1. Environmental concerns are adequately considered.
2. Scavengers and insect vectors are not attracted
to the camp refuse either prior to collection or
at the ultimate disposal site.
3. Wind-blown trash is minimized.
4. No odour emission problems are produced by
disposal or processing operations (open burning
should not be permitted).
5. No public health hazards are created.
6. Restoration of the disposal site to original
conditions upon closure of the camp.
Transportation to disposal site should be carried
out at least every two days. Transportation
equipment should not litter the camp area and
should be kept clean and free of refuse material.
V. HANDLING OF HAZARDOUS AND TOXIC SOLID WASTES
A. The handling of hazardous and toxic wastes generally
is covered in the "Code of Good Practice for the
Management of Hazardous and Toxic Wastes at Federal
Establishments." The classification system therein
538
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CANADA - FEDERAL: SOLID WASTE REGULATIONS - NEW SOURCES
V. HANDLING OF HAZARDOUS AND TOXIC SOLID WASTES (CONTD.)
assigns each substance to one of nine handling
groupings depending on the chemical and physical
properties associated with that substance. For
identification of chemical and physical properties in
the classification of substances, information should
be obtained from manufacturers relating to the
following properties.
1. Flammability (flash point)
2. Reactivity (including explosiveness)
3. Combustion products
4. Toxicity
5. Toxicity of combustion products
6. Hazards associated with possible decay during
storage
7. Environmental and health data relavant to the
disposal of the particular substance.
Recovery or disposal/recovery methods for the various
substances listed are indicated by number coding each
substance to methods shown in tables also in that
code.
B. Mixtures
The largest proportion of hazardous waste requiring
disposal will be in the form of mixtures and in terms
of quantity, the hazardous constituents will possibly
be a very minor portion of the total volume. There is
no means of predicting the combinations of hazardous
and non-hazardous wastes that appear in different
waste or waste streams and therefore the handling and
disposal classification system and the procedures have
to be given for the pure compounds. It is the
responsibility of the originator of these wastes to
determine the applicability of the procedures and to
design specific procedures from these for his own
operation. It should also be kept in mind that the
presence of non-hazardous constituents may also
greatly change the behaviour of trace hazardous
constituents.
539
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CANADA - FEDERAL: SOLID WASTE REGULATIONS - NEW SOURCES
V. HANDLING OF HAZARDOUS AND TOXIC SOLID WASTES (CONTD.)
C. Poisonous Solids and Liquids
These are substances that destroy life or injure
health when introduced into or absorbed by a living
organism. They may be solids, liquids, or gases.
Storage guidelines for gases are outlined [elsewhere
herein].
Incompatible substances should not be stored together,
but should be isolated from each other.
Some poisonous wastes also possess other hazards, such
as a high fire hazard. When storing such double
hazard wastes, reference should be made to the
guidelines regarding storage of flammables and those •
regarding storage of poisons.
Special storage considerations. The following
substances are known to have properties which require
special consideration. The list may not be
all-inclusive, and is subject to revision.
1. Hydrocyanic acid should be stored at temperatures
below its boiling point of 26°C (79°F). Isolate
from other storage and all possible sources of
ignition. Individual containers should not be
stored for periods longer than three months.
Store in steel cylinders.
2. Methyl bromide should be stored in cylinders as
recommended for the storage of gas.
3. Nitroaniline should be protected from moisture
while stored.
4. Nitrobenzene should be stored at temperatures
which will protect against freezing (MP = 5.7°C
[42.5°F]).
5. Potassium or sodium cyanide releases highly
flammable hydrogen cyanide gas on contact with
acids or water, and should be stored away from
such substances.
D. Flammable Solids
Flammable solids are of several types: dust or fine
powders, those that ignite spontaneously at low
540
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CANADA - FEDERAL: SOLID WASTE REGULATIONS - NEW SOURCES
V. HANDLING OF HAZARDOUS AND TOXIC SOLID WASTES (CONTD.)
temperatures, those in which internal heat builds up
on storage, and those with low ignition temperatures.
The degree of fire hazard usually increases as the
size of solid particles decreases. Fine powders or
dusts of flammable solids can form explosive mixtures
in air. The degree of reactivity also increases as
particle size decreases.
Containers. Metal cans or containers, constructed of
material which will not react dangerously with or be
decomposed by the solid, or suitable glass containers,
should be used. Containers should be tightly closed.
Storage area. Storage areas should be located well
away from areas of fire hazard. Bare filament heaters
and other sources of ignition should be kept away from
the storage area. All storage areas should be
electrically grounded.
Prohibition of smoking in storage areas should be
enforced with "No Smoking" signs posted in prominent
places. Storage room should be equipped with
automatic smoke or fire detection equipment. Ample
fire-fighting equipment, compatible with the hazards
present, should be readily available for emergency
use. The storage area should be periodically
inspected to ensure that good housekeeping practices
are observed.
Flammable solids should not be stored near oxidizing
materials, corrosives, or explosives. Some flammable
solids have other hazards associated with their
storage. These hazards should be noted, and extra
care taken in the storage of such substances.
Special storage considerations. The following
substances are known to have properties which merit
special consideration. The list is not all-inclusive,
and is subject to revision.
1. Phosphorous (white or yellow) should be stored
under water or in an inert atmosphere. Red
phosphorus should be stored in completely closed
or hermetically sealed cans.
541
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CANADA - FEDERAL: SOLID WASTE REGULATIONS - NEW SOURCES
V. HANDLING OF HAZARDOUS AND TOXIC SOLID WASTES (CONTD. )
E. Chemical Landfill
Chemical landfilling of certain hazardous and toxic
wastes may be an acceptable means of disposal. The
design and construction of a fill site should only be
contemplated after consultation with the regional
office of the E.P.S. The following paragraphs include
factors that should be considered in the design and
operation of such a site.
1. Site selection. Site locations which are
adjacent to heavily populated areas should be
avoided. Sufficient distances should be provided
between the facility and nearby industries or
public roads and highways. The distances between
residences and disposal areas should be a minimum
of 153 meters (500 feet).
The geological and groundwater conditions should
be investigated through a program of field
inspection and testing. The investigation should
determine the depth and occurence of groundwater
and its quality, and indicate either that
geological conditions will prevent migration of
hazardous material or that appropriate design
features are feasible to prevent such migration.
Leachate must not be allowed to reach groundwater
sources. If the geological conditions are such
that this may occur, impermeable materials may
have to be imported or artificial linings
installed. Pre-tests should be conducted to
ensure that all liners are compatible with the
materials for landfill. Recommended criteria for
impermeable soils are:
a) Fine-grained soils generally falling into
group classification CL, CH or OH soils in
accordance with Unified Soil Classification
System.
b) Permeability of 10~6 cm/sec, or less.
c) Not less than 30% by weight passing the No.
200 sieve (U.S. Standard).
d) Liquid limit of not less than 30 (ASTM test
e) Plasticity index of not less than 15 (ASTM
test DM24).'
542
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CANADA - FEDERAL: SOLID WASTE REGULATIONS - NEW SOURCES
V. HANDLING OF HAZARDOUS AND TOXIC SOLID. WASTES (CONTD.)
2. Drainage. All surface runoff from areas
tributary to the disposal site should be diverted
around the site. Drainage devices, such as
culverts, to bypass storm runoff from disposal
areas, should be adequately sized to carry the
required flow capacity.
Landfill surfaces should be properly sloped to
prevent ponded water conditions. The top slope
should be 2 to 4 percent to prevent erosion
problems.
If large quantities of wastes are disposed of at
the site and leachate may be a problem,
interceptor drains or special collection
facilities at the lower end may have to be
provided. This provision is necessary to recycle
any leachate into upper portions of the disposal
site, or to treat the leachate in another manner.
3. Mechanical mixing. Wastes should be mechanically
mixed with the soil, thus utilizing the absorbent
capacity of the soil and perhaps achieving some
biological degradation of the wastes by soil
micro-organisms. This can be done in two ways:
the wastes may be spread over the soil in thin
layers and periodically mixed into the soil, or
they may be placed in a trench or small pit,
followed by filling of the trench or pit with
soil. It is necessary to leave a substantial
buffer zone between the disposal area and the
property boundary (minimum 91.^ meters (300
feet) to enable protective measures to be taken
at a future time if necessary.
543
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CANADA - FEDERAL: SOLID WASTE REGULATIONS - NEW SOURCES
V. HANDLING OF HAZARDOUS AND TOXIC SOLID WASTES (CONTD.)
2. Drainage. All surface runoff from areas
tributary to the disposal site should be diverted
around the site. Drainage devices, such as
culverts, to bypass storm runoff from disposal
areas, should be adequately sized to carry the
required flow capacity.
Landfill surfaces should be properly sloped to
prevent ponded water conditions. The top slope
should be 2 to 4 percent to prevent erosion
problems.
If large quantities of wastes are disposed of at
the site and leachate may be a problem,
interceptor drains or special collection
facilities at the lower end may have to be
provided. This provision is necessary to recycle
any leachate into upper portions of the disposal
site, or to treajt the leachate in another manner.
3. Mechanical mixing. Wastes should be mechanically
mixed with the soil, thus utilizing the absorbent
capacity of the soil and perhaps achieving some
biological degradation of the wastes by soil
micro-organisms. This can be done in two ways:
the wastes may be spread over the soil in thin
layers and periodically mixed into the soil, or
they may be placed in a trench or small pit,
followed by filling of the trench or pit with
soil. It is necessary to leave a substantial
buffer zone between the disposal area and the
property boundary (minimum 91.^4 meters (300
feet) to enable protective measures to be taken
at a future time if necessary.
544
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XIX. ALBERTA WATER REGULATIONS - NEW SOURCES
Agencies: Division of Pollution Control and
Division of Standards and Approvals
(both of the Department of the
Environment)
I. GENERAL
A. Definitions
1. "Act" means the Clean Water Act.
2. "Contaminant" means:
a) any solid, liquid, gas, odor or combination of
any of them, or
b) heat in water as a result of the use of water in
an industrial plant and discharged from or by an
industrial plant.
3. "Department" means the Department of the Environ-
ment
4. "Water Pollution" means: a) the presence in water
of any water contaminant in excess of the permis-
sible concentration prescribed by the regulations
for that water contaminant, or b) a change of the
temperature of water in contravention of the
regulations.
5. "Minister" means the Minister of Environment.
B. General Prohibitions
1. No person shall, without the written permission of
the Director of Standards and Approvals or the
Director of Pollution Control, discharge, deposit,
drain, release, cause or allow to be deposited upon
the banks of or into any reservoir, surface water
or watercourse any substance capable of changing
the quality of the water or causing water contamin-
ation.
II. SPECIFIC WATER QUALITY AND EFFLUENT STANDARDS OR CRITERIA
A. Although Alberta has its own "Clean Water Act" and
several sets of regulations which have been promulgated
under the authority of that act, it enforces water pol-
lution control primarily through a permitting system
for industrial, municipal and other point sources.
545
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ALBERTA WATER REGULATIONS - NEW SOURCES
II. SPECIFIC WATER QUALITY AND EFFLUENT STANDARDS OR CRITERIA
(CONT)
Permits are issued on a case-by-case basis and
although numerous internal guidelines for both
receiving water quality and effluent contaminant
limitations are utilized, no specific water standards
have been published in the Alberta water regulations.
Thus, no specific water standards or criteria were
available to report here.
Telephone conversations with officials within the water
permitting department did indicate that the water
quality standards for receiving waters listed below are
consistently applied although they are not published
for general use and are used on a case-by-case basis.
pH (range) 6.5-9.5
Suspended solids 25 mg/1
COD <500 ppm
BOD no standard
Oil and grease £15 ppm
546
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ALBERTA AIR REGULATIONS - NEW SOURCES
Agencies: Division of Pollution Control
and Division of Standards and Approvals
(both of the Department of the Environment)
I. GENERAL PROVISIONS
A. Definitions
1. "Act" means the Clean Air Act.
2. "Air contaminant" means any solid, liquid or gas or
combination of any of them in the atmosphere re-
sulting directly or indirectly from the activities
of man .
3. "Air pollution" means the presence in the atmo-
sphere of any air contaminant in excess of the
permissible concentration prescribed in the re-
gulations for that air contaminant, or the presence
of any air contaminant having an offensive odor in
the atmosphere, regardless of its concentration in
the atmosphere.
U. "Authority" means the Environment Conservation
Authority.
5. "Department" means the Department of the Environ-
ment.
6. "Director of Standards and Approvals" and "Director
of Pollution Control" mean respectively the Direc-
tor of the Division of Standards and Approvals of
the Department of the Environment and Director of
the Division of Pollution Control of the Department
of the Environment.
7. "License" means a license to operate a plant,
structure or thing issued by the Director of
Standards and Approvals.
8. "Minister" means the Minister of the Environment.
9. "Permit" means a permit to construct a plant,
structure or thing issued by the Director of
Standards and Approvals.
10. "Particulates" means any material, except uncom-
bined water, having definite physical boundaries at
standard conditions.
547
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ALBERTA AIR REGULATIONS - NEW SOURCES
I. GENERAL PROVISIONS (CONT)
11. "Stationary source of air pollution" means a plant,
structure, building, facility or installation
therein which emits or may emit any air contami-
nant.
B. General Prohibitions
1 . The release of toxic air contaminants to the atmos-
phere is prohibited unless the written approval of
the Director of Standards and Approvals has been
obtained.
2. No person shall use any device which will or may
dilute or otherwise conceal the concentration of
particulates in an effluent stream.
II. VISIBLE EMISSION STANDARDS
A. Maximum Emissions
opacity, averaged over a period of 6 consecutive
minutes (from any stationary source or any burning or
other activity).
B. Alternate Standard
Notwithstanding subsection A. above, the maximum visi-
ble emissions permitted from startup or shutdown of
plant processes or waste burners used only for burning
wood waste, soot blowing or process purging, or rapping
of electrostatic precipitators may exceed an opacity of
40$, for an aggregate period of not more than 6 minutes
in any one hour.
C. Reading Method. An observer shall determine the
opacity of visible emissions regulated herein by
averaging 24 consecutive readings taken over a period
of six consecutive minutes at fifteen second intervals.
D. Subsections A. and B. above do not apply with respect
to:
1 . Smoke generators used in the program for the
certification of visible emission readers
established under these regulations.
548
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ALBERTA AIR REGULATIONS - NEW SOURCES
II. VISIBLE EMISSION STANDARDS (CONT)
2. Fires used in firefighting training under the
direction or consent of a) a municipal fire
department, b) the Provincial Fire Commissioner or
his representative, or c) the Director under the
Disaster Services Act or his representative, if the
Director of Pollution Control is notified in
advance of the training.
3- Fires used for warmth, comfort or recreational
purposes inside dwellings and fires used for
recreational purposes outside dwellings.
4. Fires used for community recreational events which
have the prior approval of an officer of the
municipality, appointed for that purpose.
5. Open fires for disposing of burnable debris or
prohibited debris that are authorized under the
Clean Act (General) Regulations.
6. Operations or activities specifically authorized in
writing by the Director of Standards and Approvals
for such period as he specifies.
7. Ground thawing, if materials producing dense smoke
are not used.
III. EMISSION STANDARDS FOR PARTICULATE MATTER
A. Fuel Burning Equipment
(Includes solid and liquid fuels including coal, coke,
hogged fuel, distillate and residual fuel oils but not-
refuse incineration.)
1. Maximum emissions
0.20 lb/1000 Ib effluent adjusted to 50$ excess air
and with not more than 50% of this maximum to be
retained on a 325 mesh screen.
B. Processes and Operations
(Includes processing of hydrocarbons and petroleum
products, refuse incinerators with feed capacity
greater than 500 Ib/hr, coal processing plants as well
as others listed below.)
o The manufacturing of cement.
o Rotary and other lime kilns.
549
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ALBERTA AIR REGULATIONS - NEW SOURCES
III. EMISSION STANDARDS FOR PARTICULATE MATTER (CONT)
o Operations recovering, storing or handling
chemicals.
o Steel manufacturing plants and foundries a) that are
located in an urban area, or b) that are located
anywhere in the province but which have a production
capacity of greater than 10 tons per hour.
o Stationary asphalt plants.
o The manufacturing of chemicals and allied products.
o The manufacturing of commercial fertilizers.
o The manufacturing or processing of stone, clay,
shale, mineral, glass and fiberglass products.
o The manufacturing of asphaltic roofing products.
o The manufacturing of pulp and paper products.
o Seed cleaning plants, feed mills, grain handling
facilities, hay and forage drying plants and alfalfa
dehydrating plants located in an urban area having a
population of 50,000 or more.
o Rapeseed processing plants and flour mills.
o Wood processing and woodworking operations located
in an urban area having a population of 50,000 or
more.
o Wood waste burners located in an urban area.
1. Maximum emissions
0.20 lb/1000 Ib of effluent, with not more than 50$
of this maximum to be retained on a 325 mesh
screen.
C. Small Incinerators and Certain Other Operations
(Includes refuse incinerators with feed capacity less
than 500 Ib/hr as well as other processes and
operations listed below.)
o Seed cleaning plants, feed mills, grain handling
facilities, hay and forage drying plants and alfalfa
dehydrating plants located in an urban area having a
population of under 50,000 or in a rural area.
o Wood processing and woodworking operations
located in an urban area having a population of
under 50,000 or in a rural area.
o Wood waste burners located in a rural area.
o Steel manufacturing plants and foundries that are
located in a rural area and that have a production
capacity of less than 10 tons per hour.
S50
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ALBERTA AIR REGULATIONS - NEW SOURCES
III. EMISSION STANDARDS FOR PARTICULATE MATTER (CONT)
1. Maximum emissions
0.60 lb/1000 Ib of effluent, with not more than
of this maximum to be retained on a 325 mesh screen
D. For those processes and operations not specified in
subsections A., B., or C. above, the maximum particu-
late emissions shall be prescribed by the Minister on a
case-by-case basis.
E. The following activities and operations are exempt from
the limitations of this section III.
1. Starting a new fire in an incinerator, or a pro-
cessing or manufacturing plant.
2. Banking or cleaning fires in an incinerator, or a
processing or manufacturing plant.
3. Soot blowing or process purging.
4. Fires used in firefighting training under the
direction or consent of a municipal fire department,
or the Provincial Fire Commissioner or his repre-
sentative, or the Director under The Disaster Ser-
vices Act or his representative, provided that the
Director of Pollution Control is notified in advance
of the training.
5. Fires used for warmth, comfort or recreational pur-
poses inside dwellings and fires used for recrea-
tional purposes outside dwellings.
6. Fires used for community recreational events which
have the prior approval of an officer of the munici-
pality, appointed for that purpose.
7. Open fires for disposing of burnable debris or pro-
hibited debris that are authorized under the Clean
Air (General) Regulations.
8. Operations or activities specifically authorized in
writing by the Director of Standards and Approvals
for such period as he specifies.
551
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ALBERTA SOLID WASTE REGULATIONS - NEW SOURCES
Agencies: Provincial Board of Health,
Local Boards of Health
I. GENERAL
A. Definitions
1. "Dry disposal site" means a type of waste disposal
system in which non-offensive waste material may be
deposited and ultimately covered by earth or other
suitable cover material as hereinafter provided in
these regulations.
2. "Modified landfill" means a type of waste disposal
system in which waste material is deposited by plan
on a specified location, and then on basis less
frequent than that required for a sanitary landfill,
a) is compacted by force applied by mechanical
equipment, and
b) then covered by a layer of earth or other
suitable cover material.
3- "Sanitary landfill" means a type of waste disposal
system in which waste material is deposited by
plan on a specified location and then on a daily or
three times a week basis dependent on the size of
the community as specified elsewhere in these
regulations,
a) is compacted by force applied by mechanical
equipment, and
b) then covered by a layer of earth or other
suitable cover material.
4. "Unclassified waste disposal system" means a waste
disposal system other than a dry disposal site,
incinerator, modified landfill, sanitary landfill
or transfer station, but does not include any waste
disposal system where final disposal of waste
material is primarily by incineration or by
depositing on the surface or close to the surface
of land.
5. "Waste disposal system" means any land upon which,
or any building in which, waste material is
deposited or processed for incineration, ultimate
disposal or decomposition, and shall include:
a) any transfer station, and
b) any facilities provided at the site for the
552
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ALBERTA SOLID WASTE REGULATIONS - NEW SOURCES
I. GENERAL (CONT)
storage of waste and cover material, and
c) any facilities for the handling and disposal of
waste, and
d) any land or buildings or machinery or other
facilities appertaining to the purpose of the
waste disposal system.
6. "Waste material" means garbage and solid refuse and
similar material.
B. General Provisions
1. Permissible Waste Disposal Systems
Except as provided in II.B.2, no person, munici-
pality or corporation shall dispose of waste
material in any place other than:
a) a dry disposal site, modified landfill,
sanitary landfill or unclassified waste
disposal system established, operated and
maintained in accordance with these
regulations, or
b) an incinerator constructed, operated and
maintained in accordance with:
i) the Provincial Board of Health Regulations
for the Control of Air Pollution, and
ii) the Clean Air Act and Regulations made
pursuant thereto.
2. Notwithstanding B.I above, a dry disposal site may
not be used for disposal of waste material except
as provided in II.D.2.
3. a) If required by the Provincial Board of Health
any corporation shall provide, operate and
supervise a waste disposal system for disposal
of specified wastes or all wastes created in
any plant or factory operated by such
corporation or for the disposal of wastes
created in any camp or community occupied by
employees of such corporation.
553
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ALBERTA SOLID WASTE REGULATIONS - NEW SOURCES
I. GENERAL (CONT)
b) Any waste disposal system required by the
Provincial Board of Health under authority of
subsection (1) shall comply with the require-
ments of these regulations and the corporation
concerned shall have the same responsibility as
a municipal government for the proper operation
of the waste disposal system.
4. a) Any corporation may provide, operate and super-
vise a waste disposal system for disposal of
specified waste materials or all waste ma-
terials created in any plant or factory operat-
ed by such corporation or for the disposal of
waste materials created in any camp or commu-
nity occupied by employees of such corporation.
b) Any waste disposal system established by a
corporation as authorized by subsection (1)
shall comply with the requirements of these
regulations and the corporation concerned shall
have the same responsibility as a municipal
government for the proper operation of the
waste disposal system.
5. a) Any corporation which is required or authorized
to provide a waste disposal system may enter
into contract with a municipality, person or
second corporation to provide and/or operate
such waste disposal system.
b) In any case where a contract is entered into
the municipality, person or second corporation
shall have the same responsibility as the
original corporation would have under these
regulations for the proper provision and/or
operation of the waste disposal system.
6. Except as otherwise provided herein, every munici-
pality and every corporation which is required by
these regulations to provide a waste disposal sys-
tem must accept all waste material created within
the municipality or created by the corporation at
its waste disposal system.
7. Notwithstanding 6. above a municipality shall not
be required to accept at its waste disposal system
waste material from any factory or other business
premises:
554
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ALBERTA SOLID WASTE REGULATIONS - NEW SOURCES
I. GENERAL (CONT)
a) which exceeds in volume before compaction one
cubic yard per day, or
b) which exceeds in weight one ton per day, or
c) which by itself or in combination with other
material likely to be present in the waste
disposal system:
i) may create a danger to the health or safety
of persons employed at or visiting the
waste disposal system, or
ii) may be a public hazard.
8. Supervision of Waste Disposal Systems
a) The local Board of Health having jurisdiction
in the municipality served by a waste disposal
system shall have supervision of such waste
disposal system and shall give such direction to
the person, municipality or corporation in
responsible charge of such waste disposal
system as may be necessary so the the operation
will be in accordance with the requirements of
these regulations.
b) It shall be the responsibility of the person,
municipality or corporation operating a waste
disposal system to provide supervision, staff
and equipment to ensure that the said waste
disposal system does not become offensive or
unsightly and is operated in accordance with
the requirements of these regulations.
9. Collection and Transportation Vehicles
a) Every person, municipality or corporation which
provides a service for the collection and/or
transporation of waste material shall ensure:
i) that all vehicles used for such service are
equipped with suitable cover to prevent
waste material dropping off en route, and
ii) that covers are used and the vehicles
operated in such a manner as to prevent
waste materials dropping off en route.
555
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ALBERTA SOLID WASTE REGULATIONS - NEW SOURCES
I. GENERAL (CONT)
10. If salvage operations are carried out at any waste
disposal system they shall be performed in such a
manner as not to interfere with the proper opera-
tion of the waste disposal system as required by
these regulations.
II. CRITERIA FOR SPECIFIC REFUSE DISPOSAL SITES AND SYSTEMS
A. Permits. Except as otherwise provided herein, no
person, municipality or corporation shall establish,
construct or operate a sanitary landfill, modified
landfill, dry disposal site, or an unclassified waste
disposal system unless a permit to do so has been
obtained from the -Provincial Board of Health.
B. Sanitary Landfills
1. Permit Applications
a) Every application to establish or construct a
sanitary landfill shall be accompanied by maps,
plans, design data and information as specified
\ [in these regulations].
b) The maps, plans, design data and information
required by a) shall be prepared by a profes-
sional engineer registered to practice in
Alberta and shall bear his seal.
2. Locations
a) No sanitary landfill shall be established,
constructed or operated so that there is any
disposal of waste material within 300 feet of
any cemetery which is being or has been used
for human burials at the time the sanitary
landfill is established or constructed.
b) Except as provided in subsections c), d), and e)
hereinafter no sanitary landfill shall be esta-
blished, constructed or operated within 1,500
feet of any hospital, restaurant or other place
where food for humans is prepared or stored, or
of any dwelling being used for human habitation
at the time the sanitary landfill is establish-
ed or constructed.
c) Subsection b) shall not apply in the case of a
dwelling which is owned by the person, munici-
pality or corporation which owns or operates
the sanitary landfill and which is occupied by
556
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ALBERTA SOLID WASTE REGULATIONS - NEW SOURCES
II. CRITERIA FOR SPECIFIC REFUSE DISPOSAL SITES AND SYSTEMS
(CONT)
the owner or an employee of the said owner.
d) The Provincial Board of Health may relax the
requirements of b):
i) where a sanitary landfill will be operated
for a defined number of years and will
result in an improvement to the area used
for sanitary landfill purposes; or
ii) where in the opinion of the said Board,
satisfactory buffer arrangements will be
provided.
e) Where the conditions of d) will not apply the
Provincial Board of Health may still relax the
requirements of subsection b) where in the
opinion of the said Board satisfactory safe-
guards are or will be provided for the protec-
tion of the rights of persons who would other-
wise be protected by b).
3. Every sanitary landfill shall be designed and
operated in accordance with the latest edition of
the Provincial Board of Health Design and Operating
Standards for Sanitary Landfills.
4. a) Where a sanitary landfill serves a population
of less than 20,000 cover shall be applied at
least three times per week.
b) Where a sanitary landfill serves a population
greater than 20,000 cover shall be applied on a
daily basis.
c) The requirements of subsections a) and b) may
be relaxed during winter operations in accord-
ance with the provisions of the Provincial
Board of Health Design and Operating Standards
for Sanitary Landfills.
5. Characteristics of Cover Material. The soil used
as daily cover material shall be of such character
that it can be compacted to provide a tight seal
that does not crack excessively when dry and is
free of putrescible materials and large objects.
Soil for the final cover shall be adequate to
accommodate the proposed use of the area on
completion of the landfill.
557
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ALBERTA SOLID WASTE REGULATIONS - NEW SOURCES
II. CRITERIA FOR SPECIFIC REFUSE DISPOSAL SITES AND SYSTEMS
(CONT)
6. Water Pollution. Sanitary landfill operations
shall not be conducted in locations where pollution
of surface or underground water may result.
Provision shall be made to divert run-off water
away from the fill area and to keep the working
area dry.
7. Equipment. Adequate equipment shall be available
to operate the landfill in accordance with good
engineering practice and the requirements of these
standards.
8. Plans and Specifications. All sanitary landfills
shall be designed in accordance with the Provincial
Board of Health Regulations for the Control of
Refuse Disposal Systems and these Standards by a
professional engineer registered to practise in
Alberta and shall bear his seal. Detailed plans,
specifications and necessary reports shall be
submitted by the engineer or the municipality,
person or corporation to the Provincial Board of
Health for approval. Any proposed alterations or
deviations from these plans must also be submitted
for approval.
9. On-site Roads. On-site roads shall be designed and
constructed so that daily operating traffic will
flow smoothly and will not be interrupted by
ordinary inclement weather. They must be suitable
for carrying traffic in all seasons and dust shall
be adequately controlled.
10. Control of Blowing Wastes. Suitable windbreaks
shall be provided to prevent wastes from blowing
from the working area onto the adjoining proper-
ties .
11. Design Criteria and Other Requirements for
Operation
a) Unloading of Refuse. Unloading of refuse at
the sanitary landfill working face shall be
continuously supervised by the machine operator
or attendant, except as otherwise provided
herein.
b) Blowing Refuse. The entire area shall be
inspected and tidied regularly. Adequate
windbreaks shall be maintained to control
blowing refuse.
558
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ALBERTA SOLID WASTE REGULATIONS - NEW SOURCES
II. CRITERIA FOR SPECIFIC REFUSE DISPOSAL SITES AND SYSTEMS
(CONT)
be covered by a permit in accordance with these
regulations shall be operated in such a manner as
to comply with all other requirements of these
regulations.
3. Locations. The provisions of B.2. above shall also
apply to modified landfills. Additionally, except
as otherwise provided herein, a modified landfill
shall not be established, constructed or operated
within 300 feet of any developed road allowance,
highway, street or other traveled road.
Nothing herein shall prevent the construction of an
access road for the conveyance of waste or refuse
to the modified landfill.
4. a) Any person, municipality or corporation
operating a modified landfill shall erect a
fence to enclose the said modified landfill and
approach thereto and shall maintain such fence
in good repair.
b) The fence required by subsection a) shall be of
a type and quality which will prevent livestock
gaining entry to the modified landfill and will
reduce the blowing of paper from the modified
landfill to surrounding lands.
5. It shall be the responsibility of the persons,
municipality or corporation operating a modified
landfill to ensure that every matter or thing
deposited in such modified landfill shall be
covered with a layer of earth or other material to
deodorize the material deposited and to prevent the
breeding of flies and the harboring of rats and to
prevent any other nuisance.
6. There shall be no burning of waste material in any
modified landfill.
7. Except as otherwise provided herein every modified
landfill shall be provided with suitable trenches
or pits to receive all waste material.
8. a) In lieu of trenches or pits the Provincial
Board of Health may approve other arrangements
for the operation of a modified landfill which
will fulfill the intent to facilitate compac-
tion and covering of waste material.
559
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ALBERTA SOLID WASTE REGULATIONS - NEW SOURCES
II. CRITERIA FOR SPECIFIC REFUSE DISPOSAL SITES AND SYSTEMS
(CONT)
b) In no case shall a modified landfill be
operated in a manner which will be based on the
unconfined depositing of waste material on the
ground surface.
9. a) The waste material in the trench or pit shall
be covered with soil or other suitable material
at such intervals and in such quantities as
shall be necessary to fulfill the requirements
of subsection 5. but except during winter the
interval shall not exceed three months.
b) The waste material should be compacted before
the cover required by subsection a) is applied'.
c) Any waste material which was not deposited in
the trench or pit shall be pushed into the
trench or pit at such times as the cover
required by subsection a) is to be applied.
d) When a trench or pit is filled, a final cover
of at least two feet of suitable soil shall be
applied and the area seeded to grass.
e) An adequate number of trenches or pits shall be
prepared before winter to receive all waste ma-
terial which may be created during the winter.
D. Dry Disposal Sites
1. No dry disposal site shall be established,
constructed or operated within 300 feet of any
cemetery which is being or has been used for human
burials at the time the dry disposal site is
established or constructed.
2. a) Materials accepted for disposal at a dry
disposal site shall be limited to those which
are non-toxic and non-putrescible in nature.
b) Without limiting the provisions of subsection
a), a dry disposal site generally may be used
for the disposal of ashes, demolition refuse,
non-combustible residue from incinerators and
similar waste material.
c) Without limiting the provisions of subsection
a), a dry disposal site shall not be used for
the disposal of kitchen garbage, manure, oil,
560
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ALBERTA SOLID WASTE REGULATIONS - NEW SOURCES
II. CRITERIA FOR SPECIFIC REFUSE DISPOSAL SITES AND SYSTEMS
(CONT)
chemical waste or other offensive material.
3. The person, municipality or corporation operating
the dry disposal site shall make positive provision
to limit the use of the dry disposal site in
accordance with subsection 2.
4. There shall be no burning of material in any dry
disposal site.
5. When a dry disposal site is to be closed the
person, municipality or corporation responsible
shall ensure that all waste material in the site is
fully covered with an adequate layer of suitable
soil and that the area is completed to conform with
surrounding properties.
6. a) If a dry disposal site is not used for a period
exceeding 12 consecutive months it shall be
considered closed and the action required by
subsection 5- shall be carried out.
b) The closing of a dry disposal site under
subsection a) shall not act as a bar to the
reopening of the site at a later date:
i) subject to the provisions for new disposal
site permits;
ii) provided such reopening is in accordance
with the provisions of these regulations.
E. Unclassified Waste Disposal Systems
1. Locations. The provisions of B.2 above shall also
apply to unclassified waste disposal systems,
III. DISPOSAL OF INFLAMMABLE LIQUIDS OR INDUSTRIAL WASTES
A. Notwithstanding the provisions of other sections of
these regulations, whenever the disposal of any in-
flammable liquid or industrial waste creates a problem
distinct from the disposal of domestic waste, the
method of disposal of such industrial waste shall be
subject to the approval of the Provincial Board of
Health.
561
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BRITISH COLUMBIA WATER REGULATIONS - NEW SOURCES
Agency: Department of Land, Forests, and Water
Resources; Pollution Control Branch
(Ministry of the Environment)
I. GENERAL
A. Definitions
1. "Fresh water" includes lakes, rivers, and streams.
2. "Marine water" means estuarine and coastal water
where estuarine means a semi-enclosed coastal body
of water having free connection to the sea, and
containing a measurable quantity of sea salt (for
example, in excess of 1,000 mg/1 chloride ion).
3. "Hazardous waste" means waste which, because of its
inherent nature and quantity, requires special
disposal techniques to avoid creating health
hazards, nuisances, or environmental pollution.
Hazardous wastes are toxins, corrosives, irritants,
strong sensitizers, flammables, explosives, or
infectious or condemned foods*
4. "Initial dilution zone" means for marine waters and
lakes, waters contained within an area extending 300
feet in all directions from point of discharge;
for rivers or streams, waters contained within an
area extending 300 feet down current from a point of
discharge, and within a lateral distance not
exceeding one-half the width of a river or stream at
the point of discharge.
B. General Provisions
1. For any process, or combination of industrial pro-
cesses, not specifically described herein, refer-
ence must first be made to these criteria to deter-
mine relative applicability. Extrapolation of
closely applicable objectives may be permitted or,
where not deemed permissible, the Director shall
establish minimum requirements.
2. Waste treatment and disposal should strive to eli-
minate toxicity and reduce total quantity in order
to provide maximum protection to the environment.
Dilution of effluent discharges is not an accept-
able substitute for treatment.
562
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BRITISH COLUMBIA WATER REGULATIONS - MEW SOURCES
I. GENERAL (CONTD.)
3. These objectives are minimum requirements, and for
situations in which the dilution afforded by a
receiving body of water is less than 20 to 1,
requirements may be more stringent.
>4. Natural drainage and storm run-off waters should be
diverted around those portions of the plant where
contaminants could be introduced. Separate sewer
systems should be used for uncontaminated waters,
domestic wastewater, and process effluent.
5. Recommended guidelines for in-plant and out-plant
controls.
Initial emphasis should be placed on the control of
losses and the volumetric reduction of waste streams
within the plant. The achievement of these ends em-
bodies the application of controls such as in-plant
liquid recycle, .process instrumentation, supervi-
sion, care in handling spills, and housekeeping.
In conjunction with in-plant controls, maximum
efforts should be made to provide external methods
of dealing with the waste stream. Properly engi-
neered and constructed tailings lines and impound-
ments, the recycling of supernatant, additional
treatment such as pH adjustment, the provision of
alternate facilities for use in emergencies, the
control and diversion of surface waters to prevent
contamination, and the control of seepage are some
of the out-plant pollution control criteria which
shall be evaluated. All new plants must embody
reliable pollution controls in their process design.
C. Initial Dilution (Mixing) Zone.
It is recognized that the receiving-water quality
guidelines listed herein may not be satisfied at the
immediate vicinity of the point of effluent discharge.
There must be an initial dilution zone which is defined
in subsection I.A. in terms of a distance from the point
of discharge for marine waters and lakes, and in the
case of streams or rivers in terms of both a distance
downstream from a discharge and a fraction of the width
of the stream or river at the discharge. The latter
provision relates to passage of aquatic life past the
point of discharge.
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BRITISH COLUMBIA WATER REGULATIONS - NEW SOURCES
I. GENERAL (CONTD.)
The defined distance is recognized as an objective which
may not be achievable at specific sites with reasonable
precautions. This distance may be modified on the basis
of appropriate environmental data demonstrating effects
and distance involved. In certain cases, specific
effluent parameters may be allowed an extended dilution
zone.
D. Outfalls.
1. Outfalls should b'e combined into the minimum number
possible. A single outfall for process water is
recommended. Whenever possible, process water and
other waste streams should be combined after
treatment before discharge.
2. All outfalls should be submerged at a depth below
the lowest receiving-water level. In certain
situations, a study of water-circulation patterns
and biological characteristics may be required to
assess optimum placement of the outfall, and the
design of the outfall should give consideration to
proper diffusion.
E. Cooling-water Discharges.
Discharges of water used for indirect cooling (heat
exchangers, bearing, etc.) on a once-through basis shall
not contain more than 2.0 mg/1 of oil above background.
II. EFFLUENT DISCHARGE CRITERIA AND LIMITATIONS
A. Effluent criteria, objectives, and standards are shown
on Table 1 in subsection II.G. for the following indus-
try groups:
Industry Category I Petroleum Refineries
Industry Category II Miscellaneous Chemical
Industries Other Than
Petroleum Refineries
Industry Category III Mining, Mine-Milling and
Smelting Industries in-
cluding Coal-preparation
Plants and Coke Plants
Industry Category IV Metal-finishing Plants and
Industries Discharging
Heavy Metals
564
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BRITISH COLUMBIA WATER REGULATIONS - NEW SOURCES
II. EFFLUENT DISCHARGE CRITERIA AND LIMITATIONS (CONTD.)
The criteria are for the effluent discharge to fresh and
marine waters, which are defined in I.A.
B. General Effluent Criteria
1. Waste treatment and disposal techniques should
minimize effluent toxicity and volume, and provide
for protection of the receiving environment.
2. No criteria are given on the table for the discharge
of effluent to the ground, which method is to be
judged on a case-by-case basis. See subsection B.7
for guidelines on subsurface disposal to ground.
3. The criteria shown in this subsection assume a
dilution of 20:1 is available in immediate receiving
waters. Situations affording lesser dilution shall
be evaluated on a site-specific basis.
4. Nondefinitive criteria.
Definitive objectives cannot be established for
certain discharges at this time. Industries not
covered by definitive objectives include wineries,
sugar refineries, asphalt batch plants (wastewater
only), wood-preservation plants, and some
miscellaneous industries. These industries will be
reviewed periodically as information becomes
available with the intent of formulating definitive
objectives. In the meantime, minimum requirements
for discharges from these operations will be judged
on a case-by-case basis.
5. Extrapolation of criteria to other industrial
processes and/or combinations.
Reference must be made to the criteria listed herein
to determine the relative applicability of such to
parameters resulting from processes or combina-
tion(s) of industrial processes, different from
those included herein. Thereafter, extrapolation
from closely applicable objectives may be permitted.
Where sufficient latitude for extrapolation is not
deemed to be available, it is recommended that the
Director establish the required objectives.
6. Drainage and Seepage Flows.
In cases where contaminated drainage or seepage
flows could develop, it is recommended that the
leaching potential be evaluated so that
565
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BRITISH COLUMBIA WATER REGULATIONS - NEW SOURCES
II. EFFLUENT DISCHARGE CRITERIA AND LIMITATIONS (CONTD)
precautionary measures can be undertaken as re-
quired. Measures to prevent acid production should
be initiated when it is known the potential exists,
rather than rely on treatment and disposal tech-
niques after such production has developed.
7. Subsurface effluent disposal to land.
In many cases effluents from food-processing,
agriculturally orientated, and miscellaneous
industries are suitable for subsurface disposal.
Disposal schemes include tile fields, seepage beds,
or percolation pits, and exfiltration basins.
Specific objectives have not been developed, but the
following guidelines are recommended:
a) Groundwater table and impermeable layers. The
groundwater table should generally be at least 4
fee.t below the bottom of a trench in a tile
field, or the bottom of a pit in a seepage bed
or percolation pit. Impermeable soil layers
should also be located at this minimum distance.
Variations in the distance to groundwater table
can be used in specific cases if it can be shown
that contamination of groundwater will not
occur. In the case of exfiltration basins, the
distance between ground surface and groundwater
table must be determined on an individual
basis.
b) Site boundaries. The boundaries of subsurface
disposal sites should be at least 100 feet from
domestic wells or surface water.
c) Design of disposal systems. The length of tile
field, or the area of percolation pit or
exfiltration basin required, will depend upon
several factors, including percolation tests
results, volume of effluent discharged, and
effluent characteristics. Consideration should
be given to the installation of dual disposal
systems to permit one system to rest and thus
allow continuous operation.
d) Monitoring. All subsurface discharges to land
should be monitored periodically. Groundwater
should be sampled to detect possible contamina-
tion. A record of effluent flow rate should be
kept and adjacent wells or surface water sampled
as necessary to establish that such waters are
not being impaired or contaminated.
566
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BRITISH COLUMBIA WATER REGULATIONS - NEW SOURCES
II. EFFLUENT DISCHARGE CRITERIA AND LIMITATIONS (CONTD)
C. Petroleum Refinery Effluents (Industry Category I)
1. The criteria listed on Table 1 for this category
include the storm run-off from the processing area
but exclude once-through cooling water used for
indirect cooling, storm run-off from dyked tank
storage areas, storm run-off from undeveloped
areas, and ballast waters.
The oil content of storm run-off from dyked tank
storage areas or ballast waters from ships must
not exceed 5 mg/1.
2. Discharges of water used for indirect cooling on a
once-through basis shall not contain more than 2.0
mg/1 of oil above background.
3. Toxicity requirements for refinery effluents are
based on bioassays to be conducted on fish of the
salmonid species since, in addition to being a
sensitive species, the commercial and sports
fishing value is of major importance in British
Columbia. Precise knowledge of the constituents
of refinery effluents which result in toxicity is
not known at the present time.
D. Miscellaneous Chemical Industries Other Than Petroleum
Refineries (Industries Category II)
1. Generally, effluent quality can be improved by
good in-plant control, maintenance, and
housekeeping. In exceptional cases, where the
effluent quality cannot be met by practicable
treatment, an effluent diffuser may be used which
is designed to give sufficient immediate dilution.
Such variances will be determined on an individual
basis.
E. Mining, Mine-Milling, and Smelting Industries Including
Coal-Preparation Plants and Coke Plants (Industry
Category III)
1. Waste waters from coal-preparation plants may be
controlled in a closed effluent circuit.
2. Waste waters from coke plants may be controlled in
a closed effluent circuit.
567
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BRITISH COLUMBIA WATER REGULATIONS - NEW SOURCES
II. EFFLUENT DISCHARGE CRITERIA AND LIMITATIONS (CONTD)
3. Other effluents.
Objectives have not been specified for the
disposal of domestic sewage from the industry.
However, the following criteria may be used as
guidelines for a mine-mill complex:
a) Domestic sewage should be collected and
treated separately.
b) The introduction of domestic waste which has
received a'minimum of septic tank treatment
may be permitted into a tailing impoundment
where
i) the volume of domestic waste is less than
1 percent of the plant discharge to the
pond;
ii) adequate monitoring of pond discharge
demonstrates that a level of quality
acceptable to the control agency has been
achieved in the reclaim of decant water.
F. Metal-Finishing Plants and Industries Discharging Heavy
Metals (Industry Category IV)
1. Due to the toxic nature of contaminants discharged
from these operations, objectives are expressed in
terms of concentration only. Recovery and reuse
of heavy metals from effluents should be carried
out wherever practical and water usage minimized
to reduce the total amount of contaminants being
discharged. The discharge from drum-cleaning
plants of toxic materials such as herbicides,
pesticides, and chlorinated hydrocarbons will
generally not be permitted. Dilution of the
discharge is not allowed as a form of treatment to
meet these objectives.
G. Specific Effluent Criteria (See Table 1 on the follow-
ing pages)
568
-------
TABLE 1
EFFLUENT CRITERIA FOR SPECIFIC INDUSTRY GROUPS
Ul
Industrial Category
IK
Numbers in ( ) represent
lb/1000 Ib crude oil
processed .
BOD, 5 day, 20°C, mg/1
Dissolved 0 , mg/1
PH
Temp., °F, max.
Turbidity, J.T.U.
Color
Toxicity
Process Effl. Vol,
IGPM/1000 BPD
Suspended Solids, mg/1
Settleable Solids, mg/1
Floatable Solids, mg/1
Total Solids, mg/1
Phenols, mg/1
Oil, nonvolatile, mg/1
Oil, total, mg/1
Dissolved Solids, Total mg/1
Non-Metallic Compounds
Ammonia (as N), ing/1
Chlorate, mg/1
Chloride ion, mg/1
Chlorine, residual, mg/1
Cyanide, mg/1
Fluoride (as F), mg/1
Formaldehyde, mg/1
Nitrates and Nitrites
(as N), mg/1
Nitrogen, total, mg/1
Phosphate (as P), mg/1
Sulphate (as SO ), mg/1
Sulphides 4 Mercaptans
(as S), mg/1
Uranyl, mg/1
Urea, mg/1
Marine
W.
(2.3)a
>1 . o
6.5-8.5
90
15
— -
75 e
8. Of
20b
<0.5
— c
3000d
(0.023)
__
(1.15 )a
—
(0.576)
—
--
--
0.1
—
—
--
—
3.0
(0.011)
—
—
Fresh
W.
(2.3)a
5.0
6.5-8.5
90
10
—
lOOe
8. Of
20b
<0.5
— c
1500
(0.023)
--
(0.58)a
-—
(0.576)
—
—
—
0.1
—
—
—
—
1.0
(0.011)
—
—
II
Marine
W.
20
--
6.5-8.5
90
15
20
50e
—
20b
<0.5b
— c
3000
0.2
~h
10
— —
10
75
--i
0.2
—
2.5
5
10
15
— i
0.1
—
2.0
Fresh
W.
20
— —
6.5-8.5
90
10
15
lOOe
—
20 b
<0.5b
— c
1500d
0.2
— h
5
— —
10
50
— i
0.2
—
2.5
5
10
15
1.0
— i
0.1
—
1.0
III
Marine
W.
_^
--
6.5-8.5
—
—
-—
100
—
50
—
—
—
—
—
15
--.
0.5a
—
—
—
0.1
2.5
—
10
—
2.0
—
2.0
—
Fresh
W.
_^
_-.
6.5-8.5
—
—
--
100
—
50
—
—
— -
—
—
15
<2,500
0.5a
—
—
—
0.1
2.5
—
10
—
2.0
50
— -
2.0
—
IV
Marine or
Fresh W.
w
__
6.5-8.5
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
0.2
—
—
— —
1.0
—
—
—
0.5
5.0
—
10
—
2.0
100. OJ
-—
—
—
-------
TABLE 1 (CONTD.)
EFFLUENT CRITERIA FOR SPECIFIC INDUSTRY GROUPS
Ui
^J
O
Numbers in () represent
lb/1000 Ib crude oil
processed.
Metals
Aluminum, rag/1
Antimony, mg/1
Arsenic, trivalent, mg/1
Barium, mg/1
Boron, mg/1
Cadmium, mg/1
Chromium, mg/1
Cobalt, mg/1
Copper, mg/1 (Total)
Iron, mg/1
Lead, mg/1
Manganese, mg/1
Magnesium, mg/1
Mercury, mg/1
Molybdenum, mg/1
Nickel, mg/1 (Total)
Selenium, mg/1
Silver, mg/1
Tin, mg/1
Zinc, mg/1
Industrial Category
I
Marine
W.
—
—
—
—
_-
0.2
--
0.1
—
0.2
—
__
—
—
0.2
—
-.
__
0.2
II
Fresh
W.
_-.
—
__
—
__
0.2
—
0.1
—
0.2
—
—
—
—
0.2
—
—
__
0.2
Marine
W.
__
0.05
1.0
15
—
0.2
—
0.1
—
0.2
—
—
0.002
—
0.2
—
—
—
0.2
Fresh
W.
—
0.05
1.0
10
—
0.2
—
0.1
—
0.2
—
—
0.002
—
0.2
—
—
—
0.2
III
Marine
W.
0.5
0.05
0.05
—
—
0.005
0.05
0.1
0.05
0.3
0.05
0.05
—
O.OOla
O.SOa
0.3
0.05
0.10
—
0.5
Fresh
W.
0.5
0.05
0.05
__
—
0.005
0.05
0.1
0.05
0.3
0.05
0.05
150
O.OOla
0.50a
0.3
0.05
0.10
__
0.5
IV
Marine or
Fresh W.
0.02
5.0
1.0
__
—
0.02
0.15k
1.0
0.1
0.5
0.2
1.0
—
0.005
10
1.0
0.2
0.05
2.0
0.3
-------
TABLE 1 (CO-NTD.)
EFFLUENT CRITERIA FOR SPECIFIC INDUSTRY GROUPS
Footnotes to Table 1:
a) Tentative, subject to review.
b) Not applicable to discharges to exfiltration ponds.
c) Negligible.
d) Depends upon the nature of solids other than normal marine
composition.
e) 96-hour TLM static bioassay on salmonid species, expressed
as percent by volume of effluent in receiving water which
is required to give 50 percent survival over 96 hours.
f) Normal dry weather flow (does not include storm run-off).
Not a restrictive objective. If effluent volume discharged
is greater, concentrations must be reduced proportionately.
g) These criteria include process effluent and storm run-off
from the processing area. Excluded are ballast waters from
ships, once-through cooling water used for indirect
cooling, and storm run-off from dyked tank storage areas
and undeveloped areas.
h) For discharge of once-through cooling water used for
indirect cooling (heat exchangers, etc.), the maximum
permissible oil concentration is 2 mg/1 above background.
i) While the importance of these characteristics is
recognized, no limits have bee established at this time.
j) Objectives for sulphate are not applicable to discharges to
marine waters.
k) Hexavalent and trivalent chromium.
571
-------
BRITISH COLUMBIA WATER REGULATIONS - MEW SOURCES
III. RECEIVING WATER QUALITY CRITERIA AND STANDARDS
A. Receiving Water Guidelines
Detailed criteria or standards cannot be prepared at
this time due to the complexity of interactions among
the parameters which define a receiving body of water.
Parameters may also be dependent on site locations.
Therefore, guidelines only are presented in Table 2
(subsection III.B. below) for a limited number of
parameters or characteristics of receiving waters.
Generally, minimal change from background or natural
values is desirable and waterborne wastes should be
nontoxic in receiving waters to resident or transient
biota.
The parameters and monitoring frequencies listed in
TABLE 2 relate principally to chemical and physical
criteria. It is recommended that a continuing and
long-term assessment be undertaken in order to
determine the nature and extent of changes in natural
biological populations. Such may include flora and
vertebrate and invertebrate fauna for the following
general categories of organisms: benthos, intertidal,
periphyton, plankton, nekton, and neuston. Resident
and transient types would be included. No specific
objectives are recommended at this time for biological
parameters. However, if no change is indicated in a
given parameter, it may not be assumed that other
parameters are unaffected.
In the development of schedules for monitoring of
receiving-water quality, it is recommended that
sampling periods correspond to peak periods of effluent
discharge, and as well to major trends in the natural
patterns of flow, physical-chemical characteristics,
and biological cycles. Preferably, three to four
examinations should be made annually, although one to
two examinations during the height of biological
activity may be adequate in some instances.
572
-------
TABLE 2
RECEIVING WATER QUALITY CRITERIA
Ui
^J
Co
Dissolved 0 (% of
seasonal natural value)
PH
Turbidity, APHA Units, max
Settleable Solids, mg/1
Floatable Solids, mg/1
Dissolved Solids, rag/1
Heavy Metals
Phenols, mg/1
Temp, change, «F or °C :
Coliforms, MPN/100 mg/1
Chlorine residual, mg/1
Chloride, mg/1
Alkalinity (as CaCO ),
mg/1
Color, APHA Units
Aesthetics
Toxicity
(See II. A for Definitions of Industry Categories)
Industrial Category
I and
Marine W.
0 90
No change
max . +5
Negligible
Negligible
--
No measur-
able change
<0.001
max. +2°F
—
Below de-
tectable
limit
—
— _
--
_..
Below de-
tectable
limit
II
Fresh W.
90
No change
+5
Negligible
Negligible
+100
No measur-
able change
<0.001
+2°F
—
Below de-
tectable
limit
—
__
—
__
Below de-
tectable
limit
III
Marine W.
90
+0.2b
+5b
—
None
--
—
—
+3°C
— c
—
—
__
0
No decrease
Below de-
tectable
liir.it
Fresh W.
90a
+0.2b
+5b
—
None
—
—
--
+3°Cb
— c
—
+25b
-20Jb
--C
No decrease
Below de-
tectable
limit
IV
Fresh or
Marine W.
^90a
No change
+5b
Negligible
Negligible
—
—
—
+ 1°C
— d
Below de-
tectable
limit
—
__
No appre-
ciable
change
No decrease
Below de-
tectable
limit
~a"5Not applicable to lakes or natural impoundments; these will be assessed on an individual
basis.
b) Variations in water quality, due to the discharge of waste, should not exceed the
numerical increments listed.
c) To be reviewed.
I) Most Probable Number Index per 100 ml, not to exceed established B.C. Health Branch
Recommended Water Quality Standards.
-------
BRITISH COLUMBIA AIR REGULATIONS - NEW SOURCES
Agency: Department of Lands, Forests,
and Water Resources; Pollution Control
Branch (Ministry of the Environment)
I. GENERAL
A. Definitions
1. "Act" means the Pollution Control Act, 1967.
2. "Director" means the Director of Pollution
Control and includes any Assistant Director and
any person appointed by the Board as Acting
Director.
3. "Board" means the Pollution Control Board.
4. "Minister" means the Minister of Lands, Forests,
and Water Resources.
5. "Air" means the atmosphere, but does not include
the atmosphere within a building or within the
underground workings of a mine.
6. "Contaminant" means any substance, whether
gaseous, liquid, solid, odorous, or any
combination of any of them,
a) that is foreign to or in excess of the
natural constituents of the air; or
b) That affects the natural, physical,
chemical, or biological quality of the
air,
and that is, or may be, injurious to health
and safety or comfort of a person or injurious or
damaging to property or to plant and animal life
or that may interfere with visibility or the '
normal conduct of transport or business or is
obnoxious to the public.
7. "Industrial refuse" means discarded solid or
nonaqueous liquid materials resulting from an
industrial process, not including airborne solids
in gaseous emissions, nor suspended solid
material of low concentration carried in liquid
effluents.
8. "Hazardous Waste" means waste which, because of
its inherent nature and quanity, requires special
disposal techniques to avoid creating health
' 574
-------
BRITISH COLUMBIA AIR REGULATIONS - NEW SOURCES (CONTD)
I. GENERAL (Contd)
hazards, nuisances, or environmental pollution.
Hazardous wastes are toxins, corrosives, irri-
tants, strong sensitizers, flammables, explo-
sives, or infectious or condemned foods.
9- "Pollution" means the introduction into a body of
water, or storing upon, in, or under land or
discharging or emitting into the air such sub-
stances or contaminants of such character as to
substantially alter or impair the usefulness of
the land, water, or air.
10. "Particulate matter" means any material, other
than uncombined water, which exists in a finely
divided form as a liquid or solid measured
according to the latest edition of the Pollution
Control Branch's "Source Testing Manual for the
Determination of Discharges to the Atmosphere."
B. General Provisions
1. If the desirable level of ambient air quality is
not maintained in a specific area the allowable
objectives for gaseous and particulate emissions
herein or as authorized by a specific permit may
require revision in order that the desired ,'
ambient air quality can be maintained.
2. Odours
The discharge of odour-producing compounds must
be controlled, using best practicable technology
to minimize objectionable odour at the plant
boundary or at the point of impingement if
outside the plant boundary.
3. Dilution prohibited •
Dilution is not an acceptable method of meeting
emission objectives.
4. For any process or combination of industrial pro-
cesses not specifically described herein, refer-
ence must first be made to these objectives to
determine relative applicability. Extrapolation
of closely applicable objectives may be permitt-
ed. Where such extrapolation is not deemed suit-
able, the Director may establish minimum require-
ments .
575
-------
BRITISH COLUMBIA AIR REGULATIONS - NEW SOURCES (CONTD)
I. GENERAL (Contd)
5. Plant Pollution Controls.
Reliable in-plant and out-plant controls are of
primary importance in reducing the volume of
wastes discharged and in improving their quality.
Such controls as recycling can frequently be
employed to significantly reduce the volume of
waste discharged.
6. Emergency and Abnormal Operating Conditions.
It is not intended that these objectives cover
emergency or abnormal operating conditions which
may result in noncompliance. Where required,
permits will include a "maintenance and emergency
procedures" clause requiring abnormal conditions-
to be reported to the Director, along with any
information considered necessary.
7. Waste-management Planning.
Waste-management planning is a fundamental
necessity for any industry in order to achieve an
effective approach to pollution abatement. Such
an approach involves simultaneous considerations
of air pollution and water pollution abatement as
well as solid-waste management. Since a
definitive interaction exists between each phase
of waste management, any one phase should not be
ignored at the expense of another when attemping
to reduce pollution to a minimum. Interest
should be focused on a net over-all reduction of
final waste losses.
The above approach could result in an increased
quantity of waste being discharged to one segment
of the receiving environment. However, when
technology exists whereby a waste may be disposed
of into an alternative medium, the over-all ob-
jective should be to reduce the volume of waste
discharged and to dispose of it in that medium
which exhibits the greatest assimilative capa-
city, and in this way provide the greatest con-
tribution toward protection of the environment.
576
-------
BRITISH COLUMBIA AIR REGULATIONS - NEW SOURCES (CONTD)
II. Emission Standards for Petroleum Refineries
A. Specific Standards:
Sulphur Plant
Sulphur recovery, % (a) - 99+
S02, mg/M3(ppm) _ 830(300)
« Over-all Refinery
S03, mg/M3 (gr/SCF) - 25(0.011)
FCCU Regenerator
Particulate Solids, mg/M3 (gr/SCF) - 115 (0.050)
CO, mg/M3(ppn}) - 2400(2000)
S02, mg/M3(ppm) - 830(300)
Hydrocarbons (as Hexane)
mg/3(ppm) - 90(25)
lb/1000 bbls cracking feed - 20
Steam Plant
Particulate Solids, mg/M^ (gr/SCF),
Corrected to '\2% C02 - 150(0.065)
S02, mg/M3(ppm) - 830(300)
(a) Total sulphur recovered from refinery fuel gases.
B. Additional Requirements, Objectives, and Guidelines (in
conjunction with specific standards in II.A.)
1. At the present time the pollution control standards
will apply to crude oil refining processes which may
also include an oil refinery in conjunction with a
natural gas and (or) petrochemical plant, where the
pollutants are emitted through various stacks to the
atmosphere.
2. FCCU Regenerator. Petroleum coke deposits on the
surface of the catalyst used in catalytic cracking
are removed by controlled combustion with air in the
regenerator. Carbon monoxide, particulates, sulphur
oxides, ammonia, nitrogen oxides, and hydrocarbons
may be emitted from the regenerator stack.
Carbon monoxide emissions can be reduced by the
installation of a CO boiler which will provide a
part of the steam requirement of the refinery.
Hydrocarbon emissions may also be reduced by con-
trolled combustion. Particulate removal can be
effected by the installation of two-stage or three-
stage cyclones, or an electrostatic precipitator.
Sulphur dioxide emissions from the catalyst
577
-------
BRITISH COLUMBIA AIR REGULATIONS - NEW SOURCES (CONTD)
II. EMISSION STANDARDS FOR PETROLEUM REFINERIES
regenerator represent typically 7 to 10 per cent of
the sulphur entering with the crude.
3. Gaseous Streams.
Gaseous streams from the distillation, catalytic
cracking, catalytic reforming, desulphurization
units, or gaseous by-products from any other pro-
cessing unit, must be treated for removal of sulphur
compounds prior to using as a fuel. Hydrogen sul-
phide should be processed and recovered as sulphur,
with the sulphur plant recovery being as efficient
as existing technology permits. Sulphur recovery
will not be required at this time for refineries
which discharge less than 5 long tons sulphur per
day to the atmosphere, provided that ambient air-
quality guidelines are not exceeded.
*J. Heater and Power-Boiler Stacks.
Desulphurized natural gas or a low sulphur fuel oil
must be used for fuels for process heaters and power
boilers.
5. Flare Stacks.
All flare stacks must be smokeless. Where steam is
employed, automatic steam control will be required.
6. Air-blowing of Asphalts.
Hydrocarbon emissions produced by the air-blowing of
asphalts, although a small volume, have an objec-
tionable odor and may form stable aerosols. Thus,
entrained liquids should be separated and the gases
deodorized before release to the atmosphere.
7. Storage Tanks.
Hydrocarbon vapours and other gases may be emitted
from storage tanks. The emission of these vapours
can be reduced by bottom loading, submerged loading,
floating roof tanks, conservation vents, or by a
vapour-recovery system.
The following requirements will apply to any storage
vessel having a capacity in excess of 5^,000 imper-
ial gallons and used for gasoline, crude oil, or
petroleum distillates storage:
(a) For petroleum products having a true vapour
pressure not higher than 78 mm mercury (1.52
' 578
-------
BRITISH COLUMBIA AIR REGULATIONS - NEW SOURCES (CONTD)
II. EMISSION STANDARDS FOR PETROLEUM REFINERIES (CONTD)
psia), the vessel must be equipped with a
conservation vent or equivalent.
b) For petroleum products having a true vapour
pressure higher than 78 mm mercury (1.52 psia),
but not higher than 570 mm mercury (11.1 psia),
the vessel must be equipped with a floating roof
or equivalent.
c) For petroleum products having a true vapour
pressure higher than 570 mm mercury (11.1 psia),
the vessel must be equipped with a vapour
recovery system or equivalent.
8. Miscellaneous Emissions
a) Hydrocarbon emissions from cooling towers should
be reduced to a minimum.
b) Nuisance odours arising from waste-gas emissions
should be eliminated.
c) Provisions will be required to prevent excessive
sulphur dioxide emissions during on-stream re-
generation of sulphur plant catalyst beds.
d) Control of hydrocarbon emissions from loading
facilities may be required in the future.
III. Emission Standards for Stationary Industrial Combustion
Sources (Fuel Burning Equipment)
A. Specific Standards - Maximum Emissions
1. Coal Combustion:
Total Particulates - 5.0 Ib/T of coal
S02 - 20.0 Ib/T of coal
2. Fuel-oil Combustion:
Total Particulates - 44 lb/1000 Imp. gal.
S02 - 100 lb/1000 Imp. gal.
N0x(as N02) - 50 lb/1000 Imp. gal.
3. Natural gas combustion:
N0x(as N02) - 200 lb/106 SCF
4. Liquefied petroleum gas combustion:
N0x(as N02) - 50 lb/1000 Imp. gal
579
-------
BRITISH COLUMBIA AIR REGULATIONS - NEW SOURCES (CONTD)
III. EMISSION STANDARDS FOR STATIONARY INDUSTRIAL COMBUSTION
SOURCES (FUEL BURNING EQUIPMENT) (CONTD)
B. Additional Requirements, Objectives, and Guidelines (in
conjunction with specific standards in III.A.)
1. Coal combustion.
Particulates emitted from coal combustion consist
primarily of carbon, silica, alumina, and iron oxide
in the fly-ash. High-collection efficiency for
particulate removal can be attained by cyclones in
series with electro'static precipitators.
Sulphur oxides and nitrogen oxides are the major
gaseous emissions. Use of low-sulphur coal is
recommended where possible. Where this is not
possible, the removal of sulphur dioxide from the
flue gas must be considered. Emission of oxides of
nitrogen may be primarily controlled by improved
combustion techniques.
2. Fuel-oil combustion.
Major emissions from fuel-oil combustion are sulphur
dioxide and nitrogen oxides. Wherever possible,
desulphurized fuel is recommended for control of
sulphur dioxide emission. Control of nitrogen oxide
emission may be attained by improving combustion
techniques.
3. Natural gas combustion.
Nitrogen oxide is the major emission from natural
gas combustion and is a function of the temperature
in the combustion chamber and the rate of cooling of
the combustion products. Improved combustion
techniques should be considered for reducing
formation of nitrogen oxides.
4. Liquefied petroleum gas combustion.
Liquefied petroleum gas, commonly referred to as
L.P.G., consists mainly of butane, propane, or a
mixture of the two.
Nitrogen oxides constitute the major emission from
the combustion of L.P.G and may be controlled by
improved combustion techniques.
580
-------
BRITISH COLUMBIA AIR REGULATIONS - NEW SOURCES (CONTD)
IV. EMISSION STANDARDS FOR THE PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRY*
A. Specific Standards
Maximum Emission Concentrations:
(Concentrations in rag/M-^ (dry basis) and ppm by
volume in parentheses, unless otherwise noted)
Acetaldehyde
Acrolein
Alkanolamines
Ammonia
Benzene
Carbon monoxide
Cobalt
Copper
Cresol
Dimethyl ether
Diphenyl
Formaldehyde
Formic acid
Hydrogen sulphide
Maleic anhydride
Mercaptans
Methanol
Methyl ethyl ketone (2-butanone)
MIBK (hexone)
Organic disulphides
Organic sulphides
Particulate solids-
Total
Organic chemical dust
Phenol
Phthalic anhydride
Styrene
Toluene
Vinyl acetate
3.8(2. 1)
2.5(1.0)
60
180(250)
800(250)
2,400(2,000)
7.0(0.003)(a)
6.0(0.003)(a)
220(50)
190(100)
10(2)
30(20)
90(50)
7(4.7)
10(2.5)
(b)
2,600(2,000)
900(300)
2,050(500)
4
4
230(0.100)(a)
115(0.050)(a)
100(26)
120(20)
200(47)
3,750(1,000)
30(10)
(a) Concentrations in parentheses are in grains per
standard cubic foot.
(b) Mot detectable.
*The only specific operation designated at present in this
category is the manufacture of phenol. (In this process
toluene is oxidized to benzoic acid with a catalyst con-
taining cobalt salts in a reactor. The benzoic acid is
then oxidized to phenol at a higher temperature, using a
catalyst containing copper salts in a second reactor.)
581
-------
BRITISH COLUMBIA AIR REGULATIONS - NEW SOURCES (CONTD)
IV. EMISSION STANDARDS FOR THE PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRY (CONTD)
Inert gases, separated from the benzole acid and phenol, are
vented to the atmosphere.
The major problem arises from the various chemical consti-
tuents which create a nuisance odour problem for the sur-
rounding community. Inerts or other waste gas streams
should be collected and incinerated in an afterburner.
The process also produces a tarry sludge which is usually
burned in the steam plant. Emissions from this source will
contain copper and cobalt in the particulate matter.
V. EMISSION STANDARDS FOR MISCELLANEOUS INDUSTRIES (FOR
INDUSTRIES AND FACILITIES OTHER THAN THOSE, COVERED IN
SECTIONS II-IV)
A. Specific Standards
Maximum Emission Rates or Concentrations:
Total Particulates, gr/scf - 0.10
Hydrocarbons as methane (CH^), ppm (V) - 150
Odor - No objectionable odor outside the plant boundary
Monomethylamine, ppM (V) - 10
*S02 (excluding power boilers), ppm(V) - 250
N02, ppm (V) - 600
Pb, gr/SCF - 0.003
Cd, gr/SCF - 0.003
As, gr/SCF - 0.003
Hg, gr/SCF - 0.003
Zn, gr/SCF - 0.003
From Sulfuric Acid Plants:
• S02, Ib/T 100$ acid - 3-0
S03, gr/SCF - 0.011
*0ption I of 2 options for S02 control is shown.
Option II may be applied only to plants where 80% or
more of the sulphur input to the plant is recovered
(annual average). Under II it is recommended that new
operations meet the conditions listed below for
existing plants and, furthermore, achieve higher levels
of control as the technology becomes available.
Sulphur dioxide emissions under Option II shall be
controlled so that:
1. The annual arithemtic mean at any continuous
ambient sensor shall not exceed 0.03 ppm.
582
-------
BRITISH COLUMBIA AIR REGULATIONS - NEW SOURCES (CONTD)
V. EMISSION STANDARDS FOR MISCELLANEOUS INDUSTRIES (FOR
INDUSTRIES AND FACILITIES OTHER THAN THOSE COVERED IN
SECTIONS II-IV) (CONTD)
2. The maximum 24-hour concentration at any con-
tinuous ambient sensor shall not exceed 0.14
ppm.
3. The maximum 3-hour concentration at any con-
tinuous ambient sensor shall not exceed 0.3
ppm.
4. A programme to forecast air pollution potential
shall be instituted. Prior to periods of stag-
nation or high air pollution potential, the
quantity of contaminants shall be reduced
accordingly:
a) When a concentration of 0.3 ppm for a
one-hour period is reached at any con-
tinuous ambient sensor, sulphur dioxide
emissions shall be reduced until a concen-
tration of 0.2 ppm is reached for a one-
hour period.
b) During periods of stagnation lasting
greater than 12 hours, the sulphur dioxide
and particulate emissions shall be
controlled so as to maintain the Air
Pollution Index (API) below 60. The API
shall be calculated as follows:
API = [S02 in ppm] [125] + [suspended
particulate in g/M3] [0.25].
583
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BRITISH COLUMBIA SOLID WASTE REGULATIONS - NEW SOURCES
Agency: Department of Lands, Forests, and Water Resources;
Pollution Control Branch (Ministry of the
Environment)
I. GENERAL
A. Definitions
1. "Garbage" means putrescible refuse, and as defined
under "Municipal Refuse" in the Pollution Control
Board "Minimum Requirements for Refuse Disposal to
Land," dated October 13, 1971, and any other
objectives established by the Pollution Control
Board for the disposal of municipal-type wastes or
garbage.
2. "Hazardous Waste" means waste which, because of its
inherent nature and quantity, requires special
disposal techniques to avoid creating health
hazards, nuisances, or environmental pollution.
Hazardous wastes are toxins, corrosives, irritants,
strong sensitizers, flammables, explosives, or
infectious or condemned foods.
3. "Industrial Refuse" means discarded solid or
nonaqueous liquid materials resulting from an
industrial process, not including airborne solids
in gaseous emissions, nor suspended solid material
of low concentration carried in liquid effluents.
4. "Putrescible Waste" means organic matter capable of
being decomposed by micro-organisms.
B. Provisions
1. Implementation of Objectives - Recommended Guide-
lines.
a) Progressive objective levels have not been
specified for the disposal of industrial refuse
from the various industries, since disposal at
each site will be dependent upon such variables
as the volume and characteristics of the waste,
site conditions, and other factors. This
section does recommend general guidelines for
the disposal of specific types of refuse.
b) It is recommended that, where available and
acceptable to the operator of the landfill,
refuse and solid waste should be taken to a
municipally or regionally operated landfill
site .
584
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BRITISH COLUMBIA SOLID WASTE REGULATIONS - NEW SOURCES
II. SPECIFIC DESIGN AND OPERATIONS GUIDELINES AND CRITERIA
A. Landfill Disposal Site-selection Guidelines.
1. From a pollution control standpoint it is suggested
that landfill site-selection must primarily be based
on hydrogeological factors, soil conditions, surface
runoff behaviour, proximity of surface water, and
location of domestic or irrigation wells. If these
factors indicate potential contamination of ground
or surface water, the choice then must be either to
find a more suitable site, or to provide means for
protection of surface water or adjacent aquifers.
It is recommended that a landfill be located such
that surface drainage or runoff can be diverted
around the fill; such that adequate drainage from
the site is ensured; and such that groundwater will
not become contaminated as a result of the location
and (or) operation of the landfill. Since disposal
to land will usually occur on plant property, the
choice between a number of suitable locations for a
landfill may be limited, and therefore will
necessarily be based on consideration of only some
site-selection factors.
2. The landfill should be located such that its appear-
ance will not constitute an aesthetic nuisance, no
health hazard is created, and influence on wildlife
habitat is minimized. Areas which have been filled
to the final elevation should be seeded with veget-
ative cover to prevent erosion or nuisance dust.
3- Where possible, it is preferable that industries
make use of regional or municipal disposal
facilities.
B. Garbage
Garbage must be disposed of with due regard to the
Pollution Control Board "Minimum Requirements for Refuse
Disposal to Land," dated October 13, 1971, the Pollution
Control Branch "Operational Guidelines for the Discharge
of Refuse on Land," dated October 1971, and any other
objectives established by the Pollution Control Board
for the disposal of municipal-type wastes or garbage.
C. Putrescible Waste
Putrescible waste must be disposed of with due regard to
those objectives established for municipal wastes.
585
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BRITISH COLUMBIA SOLID WASTE REGULATIONS - NEW SOURCES
II. SPECIFIC DESIGN AND OPERATIONS GUIDELINES AND CRITERIA
(CONT)
D. Industrial Refuse - Disposal Methods and Operations
1. Much of the solid wastes generated by industries
under consideration can be disposed of in a landfill
operation. Preference should always be given, when
feasible, to recovery of usable by-products from
solid wastes before land disposal.
2. This subsection excludes garbage (see II.B. above).
3. Requirements and guidelines for nonputrescible
industrial refuse have also been included in the
documents referred to in II. B. and such would
normally apply. However, it is recognized that
specific conditions may not permit some "operations
to comply with all aspects of these requirements and
guidelines. In such cases, it is recommended that
the following be considered, as applicable:
a) Refuse of a nonputrescible nature, such as that
resulting from plant construction, demolition,
and maintenance should be deposited in an
orderly manner within controlled access areas.
Uncontrolled burning should be prohibited. It
is recommended that the requirements for compac-
tion, type of cover material, and covering fre-
quency be at the discretion of the Director.
b) Refuse materials of a special nature (e.g.,
slag, brine treatment sludges, etc.) may be de-
posited in an orderly fashion within controlled
access areas. It is recommended that the re-
quirements for compaction, where appropriate,
and type of cover material and covering fre-
quency, be at the discretion of the Director.
c) In special cases involving the disposal of
materials noted for their specific toxicity
characteristics, e.g., content of lead or
mercury, the above requirements and guidelines
may not be suitable. Specific conditions
including refuse composition, location, soil
type, topography, and the behaviour of surface
and groundwaters must be assessed in determining
an acceptable procedure for disposal.
H. Hazardous materials and sludge must be given special
consideration; their disposal is discussed in sub-
sections II. G. and II. F, respectively, below.
586
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BRITISH COLUMBIA SOLID WASTE REGULATIONS - NEW SOURCES
II. SPECIFIC DESIGN AND OPERATIONS GUIDELINES AND CRITERIA
(CONT)
E. Landfill Operations
1. General operational guidelines
a) The food-processing, agriculturally orientated,
and miscellaneous industries should comply with
the current guidelines published by the
Pollution Control Branch.
b) Reduction of waste volume before disposal is
recommended. On-site volume reduction by
compaction will increase the life of the
landfill site and minimize hazards and
nuisances.
c) In areas where unexcavated or stockpiled soil
is expected to be unworkable due to frozen soil
conditions for extended periods, cover shall be
placed as late as possible in the fall and as
soon as the soil becomes workable in the
spring.
2. Landfill levels of operation
a) There are three levels of landill operation:
i) Level A operation requires daily covering.
ii) Level B operation requires covering at
least once per seven days of operation.
iii) Level C operation requires covering at
least once per 20 days of operation.
b) The guidelines for operating a landfill at
Levels A, B, and C are shown in Table 1, and
depend on the type of refuse and whether the
application is new or existing. The guidelines
will be used in the issuing of permits for the
discharge of wastes to a landfill operation.
587
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BRITISH COLUMBIA SOLID WASTE REGULATIONS - NEW SOURCES
II. SPECIFIC DESIGN AND OPERATIONS GUIDELINES AND CRITERIA
(CONT)
TABLE 1
Guidelines for the Level of Landfill Operations
Level of Landfill Operation ABC
Type of Waste
Inert1 X
Hazardous wastes • X
Any combination of inert, sludge,
hazardous, or putrescible waste X
Putrescible2
1. Inert waste is of the type that degrades or is leached
slowly, such as packaging material or construction
debris.
2. Putrescible waste is usually organic material of plant or
animal origin and its disposal should be consistent with
those objectives established for municipal-type wastes.
F. Sludges
Sludges which are acidic or basic should be neutralized
prior to discharge. The final pH of the sludge may be
dictated by the solubility of the constituents. Sludges
should be dewatered as much as possible, and thixotropic
sludges mixed with inert fill prior to discharge in
order to provide stability.
One technique for the disposal of oily sludges is culti-
vation into the soil with subsequent 'decomposition by
588
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BRITISH COLUMBIA SOLID WASTE REGULATIONS - NEW SOURCES
II. SPECIFIC DESIGN AND OPERATIONS GUIDELINES AND CRITERIA
(CONT)
bacterial action. This method requires considerable
area and periodic cultivation to ensure adequate
aeration.
Incineration in properly designed equipment is an
effective method for the disposal of oily waste.
Biological sludges may be incinerated, cultivated into
the soil, or sprayed onto the ground.
G. Hazardous Materials
The hydrogeologic and climatic factors are to be taken
into consideration when determining the disposition of
hazardous materials in the landfill in relation to
groundwater levels.
When hazardous wastes are incorporated into a landfill,
the wastes are to be placed at as high an elevation as
possible in the fill and spread in thin layers to
facilitate absorption into the fill.
Hazardous wastes which can cause damage to the
environment or create a health hazard should be given
special consideration with regard to the method of
disposal in a landfill and the frequency of covering.
The fill area shall be covered immediately with at least
6 inches of cover material where such wastes pose a
direct hazard to landfill operators or persons using
the fill.
A separate record of the quantity, type, and discharge
location of all hazardous wastes shall be maintained as
required by the Director and submitted to the Director
on request.
H. Coal Washplant Refuse
Major releases of effluents and contaminants can occur
from coal-wash refuse piles in the form of acid drainage
and the products of combustion. Characteristics to be
considered in planning for and in depositing of coal
refuse include coal rank, presence of mineral sulphides
(e.g., pyrite), moisture, void ratio, and specific
surface.
589
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BRITISH COLUMBIA SOLID WASTE REGULATIONS - NEW SOURCES
II. SPECIFIC DESIGN AND OPERATIONS GUIDELINES AND CRITERIA
(CONTD)
The following items are generally recommended as
guidelines to be used in planning and operating
coal-wash refuse piles:
a) Clear vegetation and overlying organic matter from
the refuse-site.
b) Divert surface run-off around the refuse-site and
minimize infiltration into the pile.
c) Exclude all extraneous industrial refuse and garbage
from the pile.
d) Provide adequate fire prevention and control
facilities. It is recommended that burning and the
deposition of hot ash or clinker be prohibited on
the site.
e) Refuse-sites should be fenced and posted to limit
public access.
Other guidelines which should be applied only after
careful consideration has been given to the
characteristics of the particular refuse are:
f) Spread the material in layers of acceptable
thickness and compact to increase density.
g) Seal the outer edges and surface of the pile with a
suitable material to prevent the entry of moisture
and air.
h) Incorporate intermediate layers of inert material
into the pile to provide percolation and ventilation
barriers.
i) Maintain the surface of the pile in good condition
and suitably graded until the pile has stabilized.
Cracks, depressions, test holes, test trenches, and
the like, should be promptly filled and sealed.
I. Waste Oils
The most satisfactory method for the disposal of waste
lubricating oils is by recycling (refining). Incinera-
tion in properly designed equipment is an alternate
method when recycling is not practicable.
590
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BRITISH COLUMBIA SOLID WASTE REGULATIONS - NEW SOURCES
II. SPECIFIC DESIGN AND OPERATIONS GUIDELINES AND CRITERIA
(CONTD)
J. Organic Liquids and Solvents
Recovery of organic liquids and solvents is the pre-
ferred treatment. However, where this is not practi-
cable, incineration in properly designed equipment is an
alternative.
K. Spent Catalyst and Inert Solid Residue
Petroleum refineries and natural gas treatment plants
have a variety of spent catalysts for disposal. Most
those which are not economically recoverable are inert
and may be used for landfill. Others containing phos-
phoric acid, for example, require neutralization prior
to disposal. Other inert materials, e.g., bauxite mud
from the manufacture of alum, may also be used for land
fill, provided any free acid or caustic is removed.
L. Hydrated Lime Sludge
The production of acetylene from calcium carbide results
in a slurry containing hydrated lime with a very high
pH. The lime is preferably recovered for use as a soil
conditioner. Other disposal methods must ensure that
surface or groundwaters will not be contaminated.
591
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XX INTERNATIONAL JOINT COMMISSION: GREAT LAKES
WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
(The International Joint Comission was established in 1909
by the Boundary Waters Treaty between the United States
and Great Britain and is composed of appointees from
the United States and Canada.)
I. GENERAL
A. Definitions
1. "Boundary waters of the Great Lakes System" or
"boundary waters" means boundary waters, as
defined in the Boundary Waters Treaty, that are
within the Great Lakes System.
2. "Boundary Waters Treaty" means the Treaty between
the United States and Great Britain Relating to
Boundary Waters, and Questions Arising Between the
United States and Canada, signed at Washington on
January 11, 1909.
3. "Great Lakes System" means all of the streams,
rivers, lakes and other bodies of water that are
within the drainage basin of the St. Lawrence
River at or upstream from the point at which this
river becomes the international boundary between
Canada and the United States.
M. "Harmful quantity" means any quantity of a
substance that if discharged into receiving waters
would be inconsistent with the achievement of the
water quality objectives.
5. "Hazardous polluting substance" means any element
of compound identified by the Parties which, when
discharged in any quantity into or upon receiving
waters or adjoining shorelines, presents an
imminent and substantial danger to public health
or welfare; for this purpose, "public health or
welfare" encompasses all factors affecting the
health and welfare of man including but not
limited to human health, and the conservation and
protection of fish, shellfish, wildlife, public
and private property, shorelines and beaches.
6. "State and Provincial Governments" means the
Governments of the States of Illinois, Indiana,
Michigan, Minnesota, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania,
and Wisconsin, and the Government of the Province
of Ontario.
592
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INTERNATIONAL JOINT COMMISSION: GREAT LAKES
WATER QUALITY'STANDARDS
I. GENERAL (CONT)
7. "Tributary waters of the Great Lakes System" or
"tributary waters" means all the waters of the
Great Lakes System that are not boundary waters.
B. General Requirements
1. Water quality standards and other regulatory
requirements of the Parties [United States and
Canada] shall be consistent with the achievement
of the water quality objectives herein. The
Parties shall use their best efforts to ensure
that water quality standards and other regulatory
requirements of the State and Provincial Govern-
ments shall similarly be consistent with the
achievement of the water quality objectives.
2. The specific water quality objectives adopted
herein represent the minimum desired levels of
water quality in the boundary waters of the Great
Lakes System and are not intended to preclude
establishment of more stringent requirements by
the Parties or component jurisdictions.
3. Notwithstanding the adoption of specific water
quality objectives, all reasonable and practicable
measures shall be taken [in accordance with the
applicable creating agreement] to maintain the
levels of water quality existing at the effective
date of these water quality objectives and regu-
lations in those areas of the boundary waters of
the Great Lakes System where such water quality is
better than that prescribed by the specific water
quality objectives.
4. Provisions of these regulations shall be designed
and implemented so as to abate and control pollu-
tion of tributary waters where necessary or desir-
able for the achievement of the water quality ob-
jectives for the boundary waters of the Great
Lakes System.
5. In areas designated by the appropriate jurisdic-
tion as having outstanding natural resource value
and which have water quality better than prescrib-
ed by the specific water quality objectives, that
water quality shall be maintained or enhanced.
593
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INTERNATIONAL JOINT COMMISSION: GREAT LAKES
WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
II. GENERAL WATER QUALITY OBJECTIVES
The boundary waters of the Great Lakes System shall be:
A. Free from substances that enter the waters as a result
of human activity and that will settle to form
putrescent or otherwise objectionable sludge deposits,
or that will adversely affect aquatic life or
waterfowl.
B. Free from floating debris, oil, scum and other
floating materials entering the waters as a result of
human activity in amounts sufficient to be unsightly
or deleterious.
C. Free from materials entering the waters as a result of
human activity producing color, odor or other
conditions in such a degree as to create a nuisance.
D. Free from substances entering the waters as a result
of human activity in concentrations that are toxic or
harmful to human, animal or aquatic life.
E. Free from nutrients entering the waters as a result of
human activity in concentrations that create nuisance
growths of aquatic weeds and algae.
III. SPECIFIC WATER QUALITY OBJECTIVES
Applicable to all boundary waters of the Great Lakes
System. (Provisions marked by * would be revised by the
proposed objectives and standards as in Section IV.
herein.)
A. Microbiology Limitations
1. Total coliform bacteria jC 1000/100 ml
2. Fecal coliform bacteria _< 200/100 ml
3. Waters used for body contact recreation activities
should be substantially free from bacteria, fungi,
or viruses that may produce enteric disorders, or'
eye, ear, nose, throat, and skin infections or
other human disease and infections.
594
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INTERNATIONAL JOINT COMMISSION: GREAT LAKES
WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
III. SPECIFIC WATER QUALITY OBJECTIVES (CONT)
B. Dissolved Oxygen Limitations
1. Connecting channel waters and upper lake waters
>_ 6. 0 rag/1.
2. Hypolimnetic waters: sufficient dissolved oxygen
to support fishlife, particularly cold water
species.
C. Total Dissolved Solids Limitations
1. Lake Erie, Lake Ontario and the International
Section of the St. Lawrence River: not to exceed
200 mg/1.
2. St. Clair River, Lake St. Clair, Detroit River and
the Niagera River: limited to a level consistent
with maintaining the limits for Lake Erie and Lake
Ontario shown in C.1. above.
3. In the remaining boundary water, pending further
study, the level of total dissolved solids should
not exceed present levels.
*D. Taste and Odor. Phenols and other objectionable taste
and odor producing substances should be substantially
absent.
*E. pH Range Allowable 6.7-8.5
*F. Iron _< 0.3 mg/1
G. Phosphorus
1. Concentrations shall be limited as necessary to
prevent nuisance growths of algae, weeds, and
slimes that are or may become injurious to any
beneficial water use.
2. Waste treatment or control requirements for all
industrial plants discharging waste into the Great
Lake System shall be designed to achieve maximum
practicable reduction of phosphorus discharges to
Lake Erie, Lake Ontario and the International
Section of the St. Lawrence River.
595
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INTERNATIONAL JOINT COMMISSION: GREAT LAKES
WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
III. SPECIFIC WATER QUALITY OBJECTIVES (CONT)
H. Radioactivity. Radioactivity should be kept at the
lowest practicable levels and in any event controlled
to the extent necessary to prevent harmful effects on
health.
I. The following shall be interim objectives until such
objectives are further refined.
*1. Temperature. There shall be no change that would
adversely affect any local or general use of the
applicable waters.
*2. Mercury and other toxic heavy metals. The waters
shall be free of concentrations of these sub-
stances that are toxic or harmful to human,
animal or aquatic life.
3. Persistent organic contaminants. Persistent
organic contaminants, including pest control
products, that are toxic or harmful to human,
animal or aquatic life should be sustantially
absent in the waters.
*4. Settleable and suspended materials. Waters shall
be free from substances that will settle to form
putrescent or otherwise objectionable sludge
deposits, or that will adversely affect aquatic
life or waterfowl.
*5. Oil, petrochemicals, and immiscible substances.
Waters should be free from floating debris, oil,
scum and other floating materials in amounts
sufficient to be unsightly or deleterious.
596
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INTERNATIONAL JOINT COMMISSION: GREAT LAKES
WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
IV. PROPOSED SPECIFIC WATER QUALITY OBJECTIVES FOR THE GREAT
LAKE SYSTEM (NEW OR REVISED)
A. Metal Contaminants
The following metal contaminants shall not exceed the
concentrations specified.
Contaminant (total) Concentration
Arsenic 50 yg/1
Cadmium 0.2 yg/1
Chromium 50 yg/1
Copper 5 yg/1
Iron 300 yg/1
Lead 10 Mg/1-Lake Superior
20 yg/1-Lake Huron
25 yg/1-other Great Lakes
Mercury 0.2 yg/1 in waters
0.5 yg per gram in fish
(wet weight basis)
Nickel 25 yg/1
Selenium 10 yg/1
Silver 0.1 yg/1
Zinc 30 yg/1
B. The following inorganic contaminants shall not exceed
the concentrations specified:
Contaminant Concentration
Fluoride 1.2 mg/1
NH- 0.020 mg/1, un-ionized NH
J 0.5 mg/1, total NH 3
H2S 0.002 mg/1, undissoclated H S,
at any time
Chlorine 0.002 mg/1, residual chlorine
(using amperometric
or equivalent
method)
C. The following organic contaminants shall not exceed
the concentrations specified:
Cyanide 5 yg/1
597
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INTERNATIONAL JOINT COMMISSION: GREAT LAKES
WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
IV. PROPOSED SPECIFIC WATER QUALITY OBJECTIVES FOR THE GREAT
LAKE SYSTEM (NEW OR REVISED) (CONT)
Oil and Petrochemicals.
Oil and petrochemicals should not be present in
concentrations that:
1) Can be detected as visible film, sheen or
discoloration on the surface.
2) Can be detected by odor.
3) Can cause tainting of fish or edible
invertebrates.
4) Can form deposits on shorelines and bottom
sediments that are detectable by sight or odor,
or deleterious to resident aquatic organisms.
D. Unspecified Non-Persistent Toxic Substances and
Complex Effluents
These substances shall not be present in concentra-
tions exceeding 0.05 of the median lethal concentra-
tion (96 hr LC50) for any sensitive local species (to
protect aquatic life).
E. Other Properties and Physical Characteristics
1. pH range 6.5-9.0
Discharges shall not change the pH at the boundary
of the designated mixing zone more than 0.5 units
from the ambient.
2. Tainting substances (including taste and odor)
a) Raw public water supply sources should be
essentially free from objectionable taste and
odor for aesthetic reasons.
b) Substances entering the waters as a result of
human activity that cause tainting of edible
aquatic organisms should not be present in
concentrations which will lower the accept-
ability of these organisms as determined by
organoleptic tests.
3. Settleable and suspended solids and light
transmission
For the protection of aquatic life, waters should
'598
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INTERNATIONAL JOINT COMMISSION: GREAT LAKES
WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
IV. PROPOSED SPECIFIC WATER QUALITY OBJECTIVES FOR THE GREAT
LAKE SYSTEM (NEW OR REVISED) (CONT)
be free from substances that will settle to form
putrescent or otherwise objectionable sludge
deposits or that will alter the value of the
Secchi disk depth by more than 10 percent.
4. Asbestos. Asbestos shall be kept at the lowest
practicable levels and controlled to the extent
necessary to prevent harmful effects to health.
5. Temperature
a) Thermal additions to receiving waters or a
designated segment thereof should be such that
thermal stratification and subsequent turnover
dates are not altered from those existing prior
to addition of heat from artificial origin.
Maximum weekly average temperature (MWAT).
This is the mathematical mean of multiple,
equally spaced daily temperatures. [Consider-
able temperature data on various fish species
is available in International Joint Commission
Publications.]
For Growth—
The maximum weekly average temperature (MWAT)
in the zone inhabited by the species at that
time should not exceed one-third of the range
between the optimum temperature (To) and the
upper ultimate incipient lethal temperature
(Tu) of the species, in order to maintain
growth of aquatic organisms at levels necessary
for sustaining actively growing and reproducing
populations. Therefore, use:
MWAT = To + Tu - TO
3
The optimum temperature is assumed to be for
growth but other physiological optima may be
used in the absence of growth data. The MWAT
must be applied with adequate understanding of
the normal seasonal distribution of the
important species.
For Reproduction—
The MWAT reproduction should not exceed those
599
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INTERNATIONAL JOINT COMMISSION: GREAT LAKES
WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
IV. PROPOSED SPECIFIC WATER . QUALITY OBJECTIVES FOR THE GREAT
LAKE SYSTEM (NEW OR REVISED) (CONT)
limits for normal spawning; in addition these
objectives must protect gonad growth and gamete
maturation, spawning migrations, spawning it-
self timing and synchrony with cyclic food
sources, and normal patterns of gradual tem-
perature changes throughout the year. The
protection of reproductive activity must take
into account normal months during which these
processes occur in specific water bodies for
which objectives are being developed.
For Winter Survival—
(Applicable at any place inhabitable by fish.)
The MWAT for fish survival during winter should
not exceed the acclimation, or plume, tempera-
ture (minus a 2.0°C safety factor) that raises
the lower lethal threshold temperature above
the normal ambient water temperature for that
season. This temperature limit will apply in
any area to which the fish have access and
would include areas such as unscreened dis-
charge channels. This objective is necessary
to eliminate fish kills caused by rapid changes
in temperature due to plant shutdown or move-
ment of fish from a heated plume to ambient
temperature.
c) Short-term exposure to extreme temperature.
For the Season of Growth—
The temperature objective for (1) short-term
exposure during the growth season is the 24-hr.
median tolerance limit, minus 2°C, at an ac-
climation temperature approximating the MWAT
for that month; and (2) short-term exposure
during the spawning season is the upper tem-
perature for successful incubation and hatch-
ing. These exposures should not be too lengthy
or frequent or the species could be adversely
affected. The length of time in minutes (t)
that 50 percent of a population will survive
temperatures above the incipient lethal
600
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INTERNATIONAL JOINT COMMISSION: GREAT LAKES
WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
IV. PROPOSED SPECIFIC WATER QUALITY OBJECTIVES FOR THE GREAT
LAKE SYSTEM (NEW OR REVISED) (CONT)
temperature (T in °C) can be calculated from
the following equation:
log (t) = a + b (T)
where a and b are intercept and slope,
respectively, which are characteristics of each
acclimation temperature for each species
(National Academy of Sciences, 1973).
For the Season of Reproduction—
The short-term maximum temperature for the
season of reproduction should be based on the
maximum incubation temperature for successful
embryo survival. The maximum temperature for
spawning is probably an acceptable alternative.
F. Mixing Zones
The responsible regulatory agencies may designate
restricted mixing zones in the vicinity of outfalls
within which the specific water quality objectives
shall not apply. Mixing zones shall not be considered
a substitute for adequate treatment or control of
discharges at their source.
The following guidelines should be used in the
designation of mixing zones:
1. A mixing zone is an area, contiguous to a point
source, where exceptions to water quality ob-
jectives and conditions otherwise applicable to
the receiving waterbody may be granted.
2. Specific water quality objectives and conditions
applicable to the receiving waterbody should be
met at the boundary of mixing zones.
3. Limitations on mixing zones should be established
by the responsible regulatory agency on a case-by-
case basis, where "case" refers to both local
considerations and the waterbody as a whole, or
segment of the waterbody.
601
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INTERNATIONAL JOINT COMMISSION: GREAT LAKES
WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
IV. PROPOSED SPECIFIC WATER QUALITY OBJECTIVES FOR THE GREAT
LAKE SYSTEM (NEW OR REVISED) (CONT)
4. Mixing zones, by definition, represent a loss of
value.
5. Many of the general water quality objectives
should apply to discharge-related materials within
mixing zones. The zones should be free of: ob-
jectionable deposits; unsightly or deleterious
amounts of flotsam, debris, oil scum and other
floating matter; substances producing objection-
able color, odor, taste, or turbidity and sub-
stances and conditions or combinations thereof at
levels which produce aquatic life in nuisance
quantities that interfere with other uses.
6. No conditions within the mixing zone should be
permitted which are either (a) rapidly lethal to
important aquatic life (conditions which result in
sudden fish kills and mortality of organisms pass-
ing through the mixing zone); or (b) which cause
irreversible responses which could result in de-
trimental post-exposure effects; or (c) which re-
sult in bioconcentration of toxic materials which
are harmful to the organism or its consumers.
7. Concentrations of toxic materials at any point in
the mixing zone where important species are physi-
cally capable of residing should not exceed the 24
to 90-hour LC50.
8. When designing conditions to protect specific or-
ganisms it is necessary to know that the organisms
would normally inhabit the area within the mixing
zone. Zones of passage should be assured either
by location or design of conditions within mixing
zones. Mixing zones should not form a barrier to
migratory routes of aquatic species or interfere
with biological communities or populations of
important species, to a degree which is damaging
to the ecosystem, or diminish other beneficial
uses disproportionately.
9. Mixing zones may overlap unless the combined
effects exceed the conditions set forth in other
guidelines.
602
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INTERNATIONAL JOINT COMMISSION: GREAT LAKES
WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
IV. PROPOSED SPECIFIC WATER QUALITY OBJECTIVES FOR THE GREAT
LAKE SYSTEM (NEW OR REVISED) (CONT)
10. Municipal and other water supply intakes and
recreational areas should not be in mixing zones
as a general condition, but local knowledge of
the effluent characteristics and the type of
discharge associated with the zone could allow
such a mixture of uses.
11. Areas of extraordinary value may be designated
off-limits for mixing zones.
12. The size, shape and exact location of a mixing
zone should be specified so that both the
discharger and the regulatory agency know the
bounds.
13- Existing biological, chemical, physical and
hydrological conditions should be known when
considering location of a new mixing zone or
limitations on an existing one.
603
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TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/7-79-231b
2.
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
Environmental Standards for Coal Conversion Processes.
Volume II. Selected State, Mexican, and Canadian
Regulations '
6. REPORT DATE
October 1979
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
D.K. Webber and D.E. Whittaker
B. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Pullman Kellogg
16200 Park Row, Industrial Park Ten
Houston, TX 77084
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
EHE623A
1. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-02-2198
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
EPA, Office of Research and Development
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final; 2/77 - 1/73
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/13
,5. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES IERL_RTp project officer is Robert
919/541-2160.
A. McAllister, Mail Drop 61,
16. ABSTRACT The report Synopsizes existing and proposed environmental standards as a
guide for evaluating the efficiency of available and developing technology for
controlling liquid, gaseous, and solid wastes from coal conversion processes.
Within the U.S., the Federal (including EPA) standards and guidelines for air, water
and solid wastes were gathered, together with standards for 22 states (selected for
their potential in installing coal conversion facilities) and two regional commissions
Because environmental effects can cross national borders, standards and guidelines
for Mexico, the Dominion of Canada, two Canadian provinces, and the International
Joint Commission of U.S. and Canada were synopsized and added to the U.S. standards.
All standards and guidelines were compared; from them the most stringent standards
were summarized. This summary, reduced as far as possible to engineering terms, can
guide in the design of coal conversion plants on the premise that if wastes from
the conversion process steps are treated so that the final releases to the environment
meet the criteria of most stringent standards, then conversion plants can be built
anywhere in the U.S., Mexico, or Canada.
7.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATI Field/Group
Pollution
Standards
Coal Gasification
Liquefaction
Coal Preparation
Pollution Control
Stationary Sources
Coal Conversion
13B
14B
13H
07D
081
3. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
Release to Public
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
Unclassified
21. NO. OF PAGES
364
20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
Unclassified
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
604
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