OPTICAL MICROSCOPY
AS APPLIED TO
AIR POLLUTION STUDIES
A Reference List
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE
Public Health Service
Consumer Protection and Environmental Health Service
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OPTICAL MICROSCOPY AS APPLIED
TO AIR POLLUTION STUDIES -
A Reference List
by
James S. Ferguson
Chief, Training Methods, Development Section
Training Program
National Center for Urban and Industrial Health
Eleanor G. Sheridan
Physical Science Technician
Aerometry Section
Health Effects Research Program
National Center for Air Pollution Control
U. S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE
Public Health Service
Consumer Protection and Environmental Health Service
National Center for Air Pollution Control
Raleigh, North Carolina
March 1968
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This reference list has been compiled for anyone who wishes to
augment his knowledge of microscopy as it has been applied to air
pollution problems.
The bibliography is divided into two categories: (1) general
reference books and pamphlets for the review of basic material and
for the development of ideas potentially applicable to airborne particu-
lates and (2) journal and symposia proceedings involving microscopy
in various areas of interest, but primarily applicable to air pollution.
2nd Printing September 1969
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OPTICAL MICROSCOPY AS APPLIED
TO AIR POLLUTION STUDIES - A REFERENCE LIST
SECTION I. Reference Books and Pamphlets
Air particulates No. 1. J. S. Ferguson, R. T. Cope, and E. F.
McFarren. Analytical Reference Services. Study No. 22.
PHS. Publ. No. 999-AP-22. Public Health Service. Cincinnati,
Ohio. 1966. 75 pp.
An atlas of airborne pollen grains. H. A. Hyde and K. F. Adams.
Macmillan Co. New York, N. Y. 1958. Hipp.
ASTM standards on methods of atmospheric sampling. D 2009 62 T.
American Society for Testing of Materials. 1916 Race Street.
Philadelphia 5, Pa. 146 pp.
The analytical chemistry of industrial poisons, hazards, and solvents.
M. B. Jacobs. Interscience Publishers, Inc. New York, N. Y.
Vol. 1. 1949. 733 pp.
The Barker index of crystals. N. M. Porter and R. C. Spiller.
3d ed. Hafner Publishing Co. , Inc. New York, N. Y. 1959.
Dyed pollens and other spores as tracers in dispersion and deposition
studies. G. S. Raynor, L. A. Cohen, J. V. Hayes, and E. C.
Ogden. Brookhaven National Laboratories. BNL-10031. 9pp.
Encyclopedia of instrumentation for industrial hygiene. C. D. Yaffee,
D. H. Byers, and A. D. Hosey, eds. University of Michigan,
Institute of Industrial Health. Ann Arbor, Mich. 1956. 1243pp.
Encyclopedia of microscopy. G. L. Clark. Reinhold Publishing Corp.
New York, N. Y. 1961. 698pp.
Fiber microscopy. A. N. J. Heyn. Interscience Publishers, Inc.
New York, N. Y. 1954. ' 420 pp.
Fiber microscopy. J. L. Stoves. D. Van Nostrand Co. , Inc. New
York, N. Y. 1953. 286 pp.
Fine particle measurement: size, surface, and pore volume. C. Orr
and J. M. Dalla Valle. Macmillan Co. New York, N. Y. 1959.
353 pp.
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Fluorescence analysis in ultraviolet light. J. A. Radley and J. Grant.
2d ed. D. Van Nostrand Co. , Inc. New'York, N. Y. 1935.
560 pp.
Fluorescent particles tracer counting manual. 163-2. Prepared by
Metronics Associates, Inc. , Palo Alto, Calif. , for the United
States Weather Bureau, Department of Commerce. Aug. 1964.
31pp.
Fusion methods in chemical microscopy: a textbook and laboratory
manual. W. C. McCrone. Interscience Publishers, Inc. New
York, N. Y. 1957. 326 pp.
Handbook of chemical microscopy. W. Mason and E. M. Chamot. 3d
ed. John Wiley and Sons, Inc. New York, N. Y. Vol. I, 502pp.
Vol. II, 438 pp. 1958.
The identification of atmospheric dust by use of the microscope. E.
M. Hamilton and W. D. Jarvis. Central Electricity Generating
Board, Research and Development Dept. London, England.
Mar. 1963. 32 pp.
Identification of materials via physical properties chemical tests and
microscopy. A. A. Benedetti-Pichler. Springer-Verlag, Inc.
New York, N. Y. 1964. 484pp.
Industrial dust. P. Drinker and T. Hatch. 2d ed. McGraw-Hill Book
Co. New York, N. Y. 1954. 401 pp.
Introduction to the study of minerals. A. F. Rogers. 3d ed. McGraw-
Hill Book Co. New York, N. Y. 1937. 626pp.
Manual of clinical allergy. J. M. Sheldon, R. G. Lovell, and K. P.
Mathews. W. B. Saunders Co. Philadelphia, Pa. 1953. 413 pp.
Methods of particle size and analysis. R. P. Loveland. In: sympo-
sium on light microscopy. ASTM Spec. Tech. Publ. 143. 1952.
pp. 94-122. See pp. 57-86 ASTM Spec. Tech. Publ. 234. 1959.
The microbiology of the atmosphere. P. H. Gregory. Interscience
Publishers, Inc. New York, N. Y. 1961. 251pp.
Microscopic characterization of artificial minerals. A. N. Winchell.
John Wiley and Sons, Inc. New York, N. Y. 1931. 403pp.
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The microscopic determination of the non-opaque minerals. 2d ed.
United States Government Printing Office. Washington, D. C.
1934.
Microscopic determination of the ore minerals. M. N. Short. Geo-
logical Survey Bulletin #914. U. S. Geological Survey. 2d ed.
1948. 322 pp.
Microscopy for chemists. H. F. Schaeffer. D Van Nostrand Co. ,
Inc. New York, N. Y. 1953. 264pp.
Modern methods of microscopy. (A series of papers reprinted from
Research.) A. E. J. Vickers, ed. Butterworth and Co.
London, England. 1956. 114pp.
Optical crystallography. E. E. Wahlstrom. 3d ed. John Wiley and
Sons, Inc. New York, N. Y. 1960. 356 pp.
Ore microscopy. E. N. Cameron. John Wiley and Sons, Inc. New
York, N. Y. 1961. 312 pp.
Particle atlas. W. C. McCrone, Jr., R. G. Draftz, and J. G. Delli.
Ann Arbor Science Publishers. Ann Arbor, Michigan. 1967. 406 pp.
Particle size: measurement, interpretation, and application. R. R.
Irani and C. F. Callis. John Wiley and Sons, Inc. New York,
N. Y. 1959. 165 pp.
Photography through the microscope. Eastman Kodak Company.
Rochester, N. Y. 1962.
Photomicrography. R. M. Allen. 2d ed. D. Van Nostrand Co., Inc.
New York, N. Y. 1958. 441 pp.
Photomicrography, R. Schenk, and G. Kistler. Chapman and Hall
Ltd. London, England. 1962. 132 pp.
Photomicrography. C. P. Shillaber. John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
New York, N. Y. 1944. 773 pp.
Pollen counts and air pollution. Proceedings of New York Allergy
Scoiety. S. S. Sack, ed. New York, N. Y. Dec. 1964. Also
published in New .York State Journal of Medicine. July 15, 1965.
15pp.
Pollen grains. R. P. Wodehouse. McGraw-Hill Book Co. New
York, N. Y. 1935. 574pp.
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Practical optical crystallography. N. H. Hartshorne and A. Stuart.
American Elsevier Publishing Co. New York, N.Y. 1964. 315 pp.
Practical refractometry. R. M. Allen. 2d ed. R. P. Cargille
Laboratories, Inc. New York, N. Y. 1962. 43 pp.
Practical use of the microscope. G. Needham. Charles C. Thomas.
Springfield, 111. 1958. 493 pp.
Progress in microscopy. M. Francon. Harper and Row Publishers.
El-Hi Div. , Evanston, 111. 1966.
Quantitative ultramicroanalysis. P. L. Kirk. John Wiley and Sons,
Inc. New York, N. Y. 1950. 310 pp.
Staining of clay minerals as a tapid means of identification in natural
and beneficiated products. R. I. 3522. U. S. Bureau of Mines,
Department of Interior. Washington, D. C. 1940. 21 pp.
Staining procedures. Biological Stain Commission. 2d ed. Williams
and Wilkins Co. Baltimore, Md. 1960. 289pp.
Tables for microscopic identification of inorganic salts. W. H. Fry.
U. S. Department of Agriculture Bull. No. 1108. 1922.
SECTION II. Journal Articles and Symposia Proceedings
Airborne algae and their allergenicity. Part I. Air sampling and
delineation of the problem. J. P. McGovren, J. P. McElhen-
ney, and R. Brown. Ann. Allergy. 23:47-50. Jan. 1965.
Air pollution and particle size toxicity problem - II. H. E. Stokinger
and S. Laskin. Nucleonics. 6:15-31. 1950.
Analysis-of micron-sized particles. J. P. Lodge. Anal. Chem.
26:1829-31. 1954.
Analysis of micron sized particles - determination of sulfuric acid
aerosol. J. P. Lodge, J. S. Ferguson, and B. R. Havlik.
Anal. Chem. 32:1206. Aug. 1960.
The anatomical effects of air pollution on plants. R. A. Bobrov. In:
Proceedings of the Second National Air Pollution Symposium
Pasadena, Calif. May 5-6, 1952. Sponsored by SRI and others.
1952. pp. 129-34.
Application of dispersion staining to microscopic identification of
settled dust. D. G. Grabar. JAPCA. 12:560-66. Dec. 1962.
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Application of rubber in the quantitative determination of ozone. C.
E. Bradley and A. J. Haagen-Smit. Rubber Chem. Technol.
22:750-55. 1951
Atmospheric dust evaluation. M. B. Jacobs. In: The chemistry of
air pollutants. Interscience Publishers, Inc. New York, N. Y.
1960. pp. 70-90.
An automatic volumetric spore trap, J. M. Hirst. Ann. Appl. Biol.
39:257-60. 1959.
Calcium sulfate content of urban air. L. Sumi, A. Corkery, and
J. L. Monkman. In: Atmospheric chemistry of chlorine and
sulfur conpounds. Proceedings of symposium. Cincinnati, Ohio.
Nov. 4-6, 1957. National Research Council Publ. No. 652.
Am. Geophys. Union Mono. No. 3. 1959. pp. 69-79.
Chemical identification of halide and sulfate in submicron particles.
J. P. Lodge, Jr., and B. J. Tufts. Anal. Chem. 30:300-303.
Feb. 1958.
Chemical ideriLiiication by means of polarized light microscopy. P.
W. West. Chemist-Analyst. 43:46-50, 56, 77-81, 109-112.
1954.
Chemical methods of identification of individual participates. J. P.
Lodge. Nubila. 2:58-66. 1959.
Comparison of x-ray diffraction, chemical (phosphoric acid) and dis-
persion staining methods for the determination of quartz in dust.
G. H. Edwards. Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. 26:532-36. Sept-
Oct. 1965.
Construction and use of the intermittent rotoslide pollen sampler.
E. C. Ogden, G. S. Raynor, and J. M. Vormevik. Distributed
by the Pollen and Mold Committee. American Academy of Aller-
gy. Milwaukee, Wis. 8 pp.
A Continuous spore sampler. S. M. Pady. Phytopathology. 49:757-
60. Nov. 1959.
Controlling factors in identification of microscopic chloride particles
with sensitized gelatine films. F. D. Pidgeon. Anal. Chem.
27:704-08. 1954.
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Cork formation in table beet leaves (Beta vulgaris) in response to
smog. R. A. Bobrov. In: Proceedings of the Third National
Air Pollution Symposium. Pasadena, Calif. Apr. 18-20, 1955.
Sponsored by SRI and others. 199-206 pp.
Determination and measurement of particles in city atmospheres. M.
B. Jacobs, M. M. Braver, C. Theophil, and S. Hochheiser.
Am. J. Public Health. 47:1430-33. Nov. 1957.
Determination of composition of air-borne particulate material. R.
D. Cadle. Anal. Chem. 23:196-98. 1951.
Determination of free silica by dispersion staining microscopical
methods. G. C. Grossman. Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. Quart.
12:117-120. 1951.
Determination of particulate lead content in air-results of tests in
city traffic. B. Tufts. Anal. Chem. 31:238-41. Feb. 1959.
Developments in the techniques of particle size analysis by micro-
scopeic examination. G. V. Faris. J. Roy. Microscope. Soc.
71:209-22. 1951.
A development study of the leaves of Nicotiana glutinosa as related
to their smog-sensitivity. R. B. Glater, R. B. Solberg, and
F. M. Scott. Am. J. Botany. 49:954-70. Oct. 1962.
Dispersion staining. Part I. K. M. Brown and W. C. McCrone.
Microscope and Crystal Front. 13 (ll):311-22. Mar. Apr.
1963.
Dispersion staining. Part II. K. M. Brown, W. C. McCrone, R.
Kuhn, and L. Forlini. Microscope and Crystal Front. 14(2):
39-54. Sept.-Oct. 1963.
Dust counting variability. R. G. Edwards, Jr. , C. H. Powell, and
M. A. Kendrick. Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. 27:546-54. Nov. -
Dec. 1966.
Effects of air pollution on exposed cotton fabrics. R. J. Brysson,
J. B. Upham, B. J. Trask, and S. G. Booras. Presented at
59th Annual Meeting of the Air Pollution Control Association.
San Francisco, Calif. June 20-24, 1966.
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The effect of dust particle orientation on particle size determined by
microscopic techniques. M. Corn. Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J.
25:1-7. Jan. -Feb. 1964.
The effect of smog on the anatomy of oat leaves. R. A. Bobrov.
Phytopathology. 42:558-63. 1952.
Electrostatic aerosol sampler for light and electron microscopy. B.
Y. H. Liu, K. T. Whitby, and H. H. S Yu. Rev. Scientific
Instruments. 38:100-02. Jan. 1967.
Experience with phase microscopy. M. Sheinbaum. Am. Ind. Hyg.
Assoc. J. 21:518-521. I960.
A fluorescent atmospheric tracer technique for mesometeorological
research. W. A. Perkins, P. A. Leighton, S. W. Grinnell,
and F. X. Webster. In: Proceedings of the Second National Air
Pollution Symposium. Pasadena, Calif. May 5-6, 1952.
Sponsored by SRI and others, pp. 42-26.
Gas chamber microapparatus in identification of microscopic chloride
particles with sensitized gelatine films. J. L. Monkman. Anal.
Chem. 27:704-08. 1955.
High-efficiency pollen samplers for use in clinical allergy. J. B.
Harrington, G. C. Gill, and B. R. Warr. J. Allergy. 30:357-
75. July-Aug. 1959.
Identification of particles in Los Angeles Smog by optical and electron
microscopy. R. D. Cadle, S. Rubin, C. I. Glassbrook, and P.
L. Magill. Arch. Ind. Hyg. Occ. Med. 2:698-715. Dec. 1950.
The identification of pollen grains using fluorescence microscopy. H.
E. Ratcliff, T. R. Turner, and W. H. Grigg. J. Allergy.
34:116-18. Mar. -Apr. 1963.
The importance of thinking small. W. C. McCrone and R. Draftz.
Heating, Piping, and Air Conditioning. 38:126-133. Jan. 1966.
Interstate air pollution surveillance program effects network. G. A.
Jutze, R. L. Harris, Jr., and M. Georgevich. Presented at
59th Annual Meeting of the Air Pollution Control Association.
San Francisco, Calif. June 20-24, 1966.
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Kansas aeromycology XII: Materials, methods, and general results
of diurnal studies. 1959-60. S. M. Pady, C. L. Kramer, and
B. J. Wiley. Mycologia. 54:168-80. Mar.-Apr. 1962.
The leaf structure of Poa annua with observations on its smog sensi-
tivity in Los Angeles County. R. A. Bobrov. Am. J. Botany.
42:467-74. May 1955.
Life processes of plants as affected by air pollution. H. H. Hull and
F. W. Went. In: Proceedings of the Second National Air Pollu-
tion Symposium. Pasadena, Calif. May 5-6, 1952. Sponsored
by SRI and others, pp. 122-28.
Measuring the environment for a bronchial asthma study. R. A. Mill,
R. A. Hollenbeck, and H. J. Paulus. Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J.
26:510-519. Sept.-Oct. 1965.
Metabolic effects of chronic ozone exposure on rats. J. A. Hathaway
and R. C. Terrill. Amer. Ind. Hyg. Assn. J. 23:392-95.
Sept. -Oct. 1962.
Meteorological conditions affecting the dispersal of airborne algae
and protozoa. H. E. Schlichting, Jr. Lloydia. 27:64-78. 1964.
A method for determining aero-allergen concentration with the mole-
cular filter membrane. S. Cryst, C. W. Gurney, and W.
Hansen. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 46:471-75. 1955.
Methods of particle size analysis. R. P. Loveland. Symposium on
light microscopy. ASTM Spec. Tech. Publ. 143. pp 94-122.
Also ASTM Spec. Tech. Publ. 234. pp 57-86. 1959.
Microdetermination of sulfuric acid aerosol. E. R. Gerhard, and
H. F. Johnstone. Anal. Chem. 27:702-03.
Microscopic dust: sampling methods can affect size estimations. A.
J. Cruise. Engineering (London). 183:366-68. 1957.
The microscopic identification of atmospheric particulates. W. C.
McCrone and M. A. Salzenstein. JAPCA. 12:195-97. Apr.
1962.
Microscopic identification of toxic dusts. G. C. Grossman. Occupa-
tional Health Rev. 16(3):3-7. 1964.
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Micrurgic identification of chloride and sulfate. R. D. Cadle. In:
Atmospheric chemistry of chlorine and sulfur compounds. Pro-
ceedings of symposium Cincinnati, Ohio. Nov. 4-6, 1957.
National Research Council Publ. No. 652. Am. Geophys.
Union, Mono. No. 3. 1959. pp. 13-21.
Morphological and microscopical changes in tobacco, pinto bean, and
petunia leaves exposed to irradiated auto exaust. I. J. Hindawi,
J. A. Dunning, and C. S. Brandt. Phytopathology. 55:27-30.
Jan. 1965.
Morphological identification of some organic acids as the sodium salts.
B. R. Havlik, L. M. Marshall, and J. P. Lodge. J. Chromatog.
2:620-25. 1959.
New developments in phase and dispersion staining microscopy for
the examination of dust samples. G. Grossman. Am. Ind. Hyg.
Assoc. J. 25:25-27. Jan. -Feb. 1964.
October 1963 New Orleans asthma study. P. A. Kenline. Arch.
Environ. Health. 12:295-304. Mar. 1966.
Polarized light microscopy. P. W. West. Chemist-Analyst. 35:4-8.
1946.
Pollen counts and air pollution. Proceeding of New York Allergy
Society. Dec. 1964. S. S. Sack, ed. Published by New York
State Journal of Medicine. New York, N. Y. July 15, 1965.
15 pp.
Some effects of hydrogen fluoride on the internal structure of Pinus
ponderosa needles. R. A. Solberg, D. F. Adams, and H. A.
Ferchau. In: Proceedings of the Third National Air Pollution
Symposium. Pasadena, Calif. Apr. 18-20, 1955. Sponsored
by SRI and others, pp. 164-76.
Some techniques for sampling and identifying particulate matter in
the air. W. D. Crozier and B. K. Seely. In: Proceedings of
the First National Air Pollution Symposium. Pasadena, Calif.
Nov. 10-11, 1949. Sponsored by SRI and others, pp. 45-49.
Study of sea salt particles over Puerto Rico. J. P. Lodge, Jr. J.
Meteorol. 12i!5):493-99. Oct. 1955.
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Tables for microscopic identification of inorganic salts. W. H. Fry.
United States Department of Agriculture Bull. No. 1103. 1922.
A technique for counting and sizing dust samples with a microprojector.
F. A. Anderson. Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. 23:330-36. July-
Aug. 1962.
Techniques. G. C. Grossman. Focus (Bausch and Lomb, Inc.)
33:27-30, 1962.
Techniques for the chemical identification of micron and submicron
particles. J. P. Lodge, Jr., and B. J. Tufts. Tellus. 8:184-
94. 1956.
Travels of airborne pollen. E. C. Ogden, G. S. Raynor, and J. V.
Hayes. Progress reports No. 1-7. 1960-66. New York State
Museum and Science Service. Albany, N. Y.
Some applications of microscopy to air pollution. J. S. Ferguson
and E. G. Sheridan. JAPCA. 11:669-72. Dec. 1966.
The use of Becke line colors in refractive index determination. Am.
Mineralogist. 33:612-13. 1948.
Use of plants as biological indicators of smog in the air of Los Angeles
County. R. A. Bobrov. Science. 121:510-11. 1955.
Use of sticky paper in an air pollution monitoring program. C. W.
Gruber and G. A. Jutze. JAPCA. 7:115-17. Feb. 1957.
The value of phase microscopy for the examination of particulate
matter collected on membrane filters. G. Grossman. Am.
Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. 20:190. June 1959.
Viable species of algae and protozoa in the atmosphere. H. E. Sch-
lichting, Jr. Lloydia. 24:81-83. June 1961.
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