£EPA
Jnited States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Research and
Development
EPA-600/7-86-Olla
April 1986
ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT
OF A COMMERCIAL BOILER FIRED WITH
A COAL/WASTE PLASTIC MIXTURE
Volume I. Technical Results
Prepared for
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
Prepared by
Air and Energy Engineering Research
Laboratory
Research Triangle Park NC 27711
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RESEARCH REPORTING SERIES
Research reports of the Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, have been grouped into nine series. These nine broad cate-
gories were established to facilitate further development and application of en-
vironmental technology. Elimination of traditional grouping was consciously
planned to foster technology transfer and a maximum interface in related fields.
The nine series are:
1. Environmental Health Effects Research
2. Environmental Protection Technology
3. Ecological Research
4. Environmental Monitoring
5. Socioeconomic Environmental Studies
6. Scientific and Technical Assessment Reports (STAR)
7. Interagency Energy-Environment Research and Development
8. "Special" Reports
9. Miscellaneous Reports
This report has been assigned to the INTERAGENCY ENERGY-ENVIRONMENT
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT series. Reports in this series result from the
effort funded under the 17-agency Federal Energy/Environment Research and
Development Program. These studies relate to EPA's mission to protect the public
health and welfare from adverse effects of pollutants associated with energy sys-
tems. The goal of the Program is to assure the rapid development of domestic
'energy supplies in an environmentally-compatible manner by providing the nec-
essary environmental data and control technology. Investigations include analy-
ses of the transport of energy-related pollutants and their health and ecological
effects; assessments of, and development of. control technologies for energy
systems; and integrated assessments of a wide range of energy-related environ-
mental issues.
EPA REVIEW NOTICE
This report has been reviewed by the participating Federal Agencies, and approved
for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect
the views and policies of the Government, nor does mention of trade names or
commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use.
This document is available to the public through the National Technical Informa-
tion Service. Springfield, Virginia 22161.
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EPA-600/7-86-011a
April 1986
ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF A COMMERCIAL BOILER
FIRED WITH A COAL/WASTE PLASTIC MIXTURE
Volume I
Technical Results
By
R. DeRosier, H. I. Lips, and L. R. Waterland
Acurex Corporation
Energy & Environmental Division
555 Clyde Avenue
P.O. Box 7555
Mountain View, California 94039
EPA Contract No. 68-02-3188
EPA Project Officer: Joseph A. McSorley
Air and Energy Engineering Research Laboratory
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
For
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Office of Research and Development
Washington, DC 20460
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ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors wish to extend their gratitude to J. Parrott of the Rock of
Ages Corporation, and C. Sanborn and A. Rouleau of the Vermont Agency of
Environmental Conservation. Their Interest and cooperation In this test
program are gratefully acknowledged. The cooperation of J. Kowalski of
Owens-Illinois and H. Atkinson of Mechanical Equipment Company is also
appreciated. Special recognition is extended to the Acurex field test team
of C. Milburn, S. Smith, M. Murray, P. Kaufmann, V. Barkus, and J. Keefe,
under the supervision of B. C. DaRos.
11
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CONTENTS
Acknowledgement ii
Figures v
Tables vi
1 Introduction 1-1
2 Source Description and Operation and Test Protocol ... 2-1
2.1 Boiler Description 2-1
2.2 Test Protocol 2-3
2.3 Boiler Operation 2-7
3 Test Results 3-1
3.1 Criteria Pollutant and Other Gas Phase Species
Emissions 3-1
3.2 Trace Element and teachable Anion Discharge
Concentrations 3-9
3.2.1 Flue Gas and Solid Ash Trace Element
Analysis Results 3-11
3.2.2 Ash Sample Aqueous Leachate Analysis
Results 3-20
3.3 Organic Pollutant Discharge Concentrations 3-24
3.3.1 TCO, GRAY, GC/MS, and IR Analyses of Sample
of Total Extracts 3-26
3.3.2 Liquid Chromatography Fractionation of
Sample Extracts 3-28
3.3.3 Volatile Organic Compound Emissions 3-36
i
4 Environmental Assessment 4-1
4.1 Discharge Assessment 4-1
4.2 Bioassay Results 4-6
4.3 Summary 4-8
5 Test Quality Assurance Activities 5-1
5.1 Trace Element Analyses Precision and Accuracy .... 5-1
5.2 Ultimate Analysis Precision 5-12
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5.3 Organic Analysis Precision 5-13
5.4 Method 8 Laboratory Analysis Accuracy 5~14
Appendices
A Sampling and Analysis Methods
B Trace Element Concentrations
iv
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Figures
Number Page
2-1 Schematic of Boiler and Sampling Locations ........ 2-4
3-1 NgO versus NOX Emissions for External Combustion
Sources ......................... 3-10
A-l Continuous Monitoring System ............... A-2
A-2 Schematic of Particulate and SOX Sampling Train (EPA
Method 5 and 8) ...................... A-5
A-3 SASS Train Schematic ................... A-7
A-4 Flue Gas Analysis Protocol for SASS Samples ........ A-8
A-5 Flue Gas Analysis Protocol ................ A-9
A-6 Organic Analysis Methodology ............... A-ll
A-7 N20 Sampling System .................... A-12
A-8 Schematic of Volatile Organic Sampling Train (YOST). . . . A-14
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Tables
Number Page
1-1 Completed Tests During the Current Program 1-4
2-1 Boiler Design Specifications 2-2
2-2 Test Matrix 2-5
2-3 Summary of Boiler Operation and Fuel Analyses 2-8
2-4 Boiler Thermal Efficiency 2-9
3-1 Criteria Pollutant and Other Gas Species Emissions .... 3-2
3-2 Sulfur Mass Balance 3-4
3-3 Chlorine Mass Balance 3-6
3-4 Ash Discharge Ultimate Analyses 3-7
3-5 Emitted Particle Size Distribution From SASS Train
Catches 3-8
3-6 Fuel and Ash Stream Trace Element Analysis Results:
Test 1 3-12
3-7 Fuel and Ash Stream Trace Element Analysis Results:
Test 2 3-14
3-8 Trace Element Emissions in the Flue Gas 3-17
3-9 Ash Stream Leachate Trace Element and Leachable Anion
Analysis Results 3-21
3-10 Compounds Sought in the GC/MS and Their Detection
Limits 3-25
3-11 Total Organic and Semivolatile Organic Priority
Pollutant Emissions 3-27
vi
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Tables (Continued)
Number
3-12
3-13
3-14
3-15
3-16
3-17
3-18
3-19
4-1
4-2
4-3
5-1
5-2
5-3
5-4
5-5
5-6
5-7
Ash Stream Total Organic Content
Total Extract IR Spectra Summary
LC Fractional on of the Test 1 Sorbent Module
Extract
LC Fractionation of the Test 2 Sorbent Module
Extract
LC Fractionation of the Test 1 Cyclone Hopper Ash
Extract
LC Fractionation of the Test 2 Cyclone Hopper Ash
Extract
IR Spectra Summary For LC Fractions of the Sorbent Module
and Cyclone Hopper Ash Extracts
Flue Gas Volatile Organic Compound Emissions
Flue Gas Pollutants Emitted at Levels Exceeding
10 Percent of Their Occupational Exposure Guideline . . .
Priority Pollutants in Ash Leachates at Concentrations
Exceeding Their Water Quality Criteria
Bioassay Results
Results of SSMS Analysis of Duplicate Test 2 Bottom
Ash Samples ,
Results of Duplicate Test 2 Bottom Ash Analyses by AAS
and Wet Chemical Methods
Audit Sample SSMS Analysis Results
Audit Sample AAS Analysis Results
i
Results of Duplicate Test 1 Cyclone Hopper Ash Ultimate
Results of Duplicate Test 2 Organic Sorbent Module
Extract Organic Analyses
Method 8 Audit Sample Analysis Results
Page
3-28
3-29
3-30
3-31
3-32
3-33
3-35
3-37
4-3
4-5
4-7
5-2
5-5
5-7
5-8
5-12
5-13
5-14
Vll
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SECTION 1
INTRODUCTION
This report describes and presents results of environmental assessment
tests performed for the Air and Energy Engineering Research Laboratory/
Research Triangle Park (AEERL/RTP) of EPA under the Combustion Modification
Environmental Assessment (CMEA) program, EPA Contract No. 68-02-3188. The
CMEA started in 1976 with a 3-year study, the NOX Control Technology
Environmental Assessment (NOX EA, EPA Contract No. 68-02-2160), having the
following four objectives:
• Identify potential multimedia environmental effects of stationary
combustion sources and combustion modification technology
• Develop and document control application guidelines to minimize
these effects
• Identify stationary source and combustion modification R&D
priorities
• Disseminate program results to intended users
During the first year of thfe NOX EA, data for the environmental
assessment were compiled and methodologies developed. Furthermore,
priorities for the schedule and level of effort for the various
source/fuel/control combinations were identified. This effort revealed major
data gaps, particularly for noncriteria pollutants (organic emissions and
trace elements) for virtually all combinations of stationary combustion
1-1
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sources and combustion modification techniques. Consequently, a series of
seven environmental field test programs was undertaken to fill these data
gaps. The results of these tests are documented in seven individual reports
(Ref. 1-1 through 1-7) and in the NOX EA final report summarizing the entire
3-year effort (Ref. 1-8).
The current CMEA program has, as major objectives, the continuation of
multimedia environmental field tests initiated in the original MOX EA
program. These new tests, using standardized Level 1 sampling and analytical
procedures (Ref. 1-9) are aimed at filling the remaining data gaps and
addressing the following priority needs:
• Advanced NOX controls
• Alternate fuels
• Secondary sources
• EPA program data needs
— Residential oil combustion
— Wood firing in residential, commercial, and industrial sources
— High interest emissions determination (e.g., listed and
candidate hazardous air pollutant species)
• Nonsteady-state operations
In recent years, some states have required deposits on beverage
containers as a means of controlling litter and encouraging recycling and
reclamation of natural resources. One posible means of reclaiming plastic
beverage bottles is to use them as a source of fuel in an energy recovery
operation. In one such project, the use of recycled polyethylene
terephthalate (PET) bottles for fuel in a commercial boiler is being
evaluated at a quarry and stone-cutting plant in Barre, Vermont.
1-2
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The boiler being used is a coal-fired firetube unit with a underfeed
stoker. For the tests the PET is mixed with the unit's typical coal fuel
before being fired. Past efforts have indicated that PET is a clean,
high-heating value waste with no apparent environmental problems associated
with burning it.
The tests described in this report were conducted to quantify in detail
the potential benefits and/or adverse environmental effects using reclaimed
PET bottles as a fuel supplement. The data presented in this report quantify
stack and collected flyash emissions and identify pollutants of potential
concern using results from standardized sampling and analytical procedures
(Ref. 1-9). Emissions from firing coal only in the boiler are compared to
emissions from firing the coal/PET mixture at comparable boiler operating
conditions.
Table 1-1 lists all sources tested in the CMEA effort, outlining the
combustion modificaton controls implemented and the level of sampling and
analysis performed in each case. Results of these test programs are
discussed in separate reports.
1-3
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TABLE 1-1. COMPLETED TESTS DURING THE CURRENT PROGRAM*
Source
Spark-ignited, natural-
gas-fueled reciprocating
Internal combustion
engine
Description
Large bore, 6 cylinder,
opposed piston, 186 kH
(250 Bhp)/cyl, 900 rpm
Model 38TOS8-1/8
Test points
unit operation
— Baseline (pre-MSPS)
— Increased air-fuel
ratio aimed at
meeting proposed
NSPS of 700 ppm
corrected to IS
percent Oj and
standard atmospheric
conditions
Sampling protocol
Engine exhaust:
- SASS
- Method 5
- Gas sample (CrC6 HC)
— Continuous NO, NO-. CO,
C02. 02. GH4. TUHfi
Fuel
Lube oil
Test collaborator
Fairbanks Horse
Division of Colt
Industries
Compression ignition.
dlesel'fueled
reciprocating Internal
combustion engine
Low-NO,, residential
condensing heating
system furnished by
Karl sons Bluebumer
Systems Ltd. of Canada
Large bore. 6 cylinder
opposed piston, 261 kH
(350 Bhp)/cy1. 900 rpm
Model 38TOD8-1/8
Residential hot Mater
heater equipped with
M.A.N. low-NO. burner.
0.55 ml/s (0.5 gal/hr)
firing capacity, con-
densing flue gas
-- Baseline (pre-NSPS)
-- Fuel injection retard
aimed at meeting pro-
posed NSPS of 600 ppm
corrected to 15 per-
cent Of and standard
atmospheric conditions
Low-NO,. burner design
by H.AVN.
Engine exhaust:
— SASS
— Method 5
- Method 8
— Gas sample (CrC6 HC)
— Continuous NO, N(L, CO,
C02, 02. CH4. TUHC
Fuel
Lube oil
Furnace exhaust:
~ SASS
— Method 5
— Method 8
~ Gas grab (Ci-C6 HC)
— Continuous NO, NO., CO.
p C02, 02. CH4. TUH8
Fuel
Haste water
Fairbanks Morse
Division of Colt
Industries
New test
Rocketdyne/EPA
low-NO. residential
forced-ma rot-air furnace
Residential warm-air
furnace with modified
high-pressure burner and
firebox, 0.83 nl/s
(0.75 gal/hr) firing
capacity
Low-NO,, burner design
and Integrated furnace
system
Furnace exhaust:
— SASS
— Method 5
— Controlled condensation
- Method S
— Gas sample (CrC6 HC)
— Continuous NO, NOX, CO.
C02. 02. CH4. TUHC
Fuel
New test
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TABLE 1-1. (continued)
Source
Pulverized-coal-flred
utility bolter,
Conesvllle station
Nova Scotia Technical
College Industrial
boiler
Description
400-MH tangentially
fired; new NSPS design
aimed at meeting 301 ng/J
NOX emission standard
1.14 kj/s steam
(9.000 Ib/hr)f1red with a
mixture of coal-oil-water
(COM)
Test points
unit operation
ESP Inlet and outlet -
one test
— Baseline (COH)
— Controlled SO?
emissions with
limestone Injection
Sampling protocol
ESP Inlet and outlet
— SASS
-- Method 5
— Controlled condensation
-- Gas sample (Ct - C6 HO
— Continuous NO. HO,, CO,
COZl 02
Coal
Bottom ash
ESP ash
Boiler outlet
~ SASS
— Method S
— Method 8
Test collaborator
Exxon Research and
Engineering (ERSE)
conducting cor-
rosion tests
Envlrocon per-
formed participate
and sulfur
emission tests
— Controlled condensation
— Gas sample (Cj-Cg HC)
— Continuous 0». CO,
C02. NOX
Fuel
01
Adelphl University
Industrial boiler
1.89 kg/s steam
(15,000 Ib/hr) hot water
flretube fired with a
mixture of coal-oil-water
(COM)
Baseline (COM)
Controlled SO?
emissions with soda
ash (Na2C03) Injection
Boiler outlet
— SASS
— Method 5
- Method 8
— Controlled condensation
— Gas sample (Cj-Cg HC)
-- Continuous 02, Coy, NO,,
S02. CO
Fuel
Adelphl University
Pittsburgh Energy
Technology Center (PETC)
Industrial boiler
3.03 kg/s steam
(24,000 Ib/hr) watertube
fired with a mixture of
coal-oil (COM)
Baseline test only
with COM
Boiler outlet
— SASS
i — Method 5
— Controlled condensation
— NjO grab sample
~ Continuous 0?. CO?. NOX.
CO. TUHC
Fuel
PETC and General
Electric (GE)
TcontlmfedT
-------
TABLE 1-1. (continued)
Source
TOSCO Refinery verticil
crude oil heater
Mohawk-Getty Oil
Industrial boiler
Description
2.54 HI /day
(16.000 bbl/day) natural
draft process heater
burning oil /refinery gas
S. 21 kg/s steam
(65,000 Ib/hr) watertube
burning mixture of
refinery gas and
residual oil
Test points
unit operation
-- Baseline
— Staged combustion
using air Injection
lances
— Baseline
— Ammonia Injection
using the noncatalytlc
Thermal DeNOx
process
Sampling protocol
Heater outlet
— SASS
— Method S
— Controlled condensation
— Gas sample (Ci-C6 HO
~ MgO grab sample
-- Continuous 02, NOX,
CO. C02, HC
Fuel oil
Refinery gas
Economizer outlet
— SASS
— Method 5. 17
— Controlled condensation
— Gas sample (Ci-C6 HC)
— Ammonia emissions
Test collaborator
KVB coordinating
the staged com-
bustion operation
and continuous
emission
monitoring
Mohawk-Getty Oil
CTl
— H20 grab sample
— Continuous 02, NO.,
CO, C02
Fuels (refinery gas and
residual oil)
Industrial boiler
2.52 kg/s steam
(20,000 Ib/hr) watertube
burning wood waste
Baseline (dry wood)
Green wood
Boiler outlet
~ SASS
— Method 5
— Controlled condensation
— Gas sample (C|-C6 HC)
~ Continuous 02. NO,. CO
Fuel
Flyash
North Carolina
Department of
Natural Resources.
EPA IERL-RTP
Industrial boiler
3.16 kg/s steam
(29.000 Ib/hr)
firetube with refractory
firebox burning wood waste
Baseline (dry wood)
Outlet of cyclone participate
collector
- SASS
- Method 5
— Controlled condensation
~ Gas sample (C^Cc HC)
-- Continuous 02. HOX, CO
Fuel
Bottom ash
North Carolina
Department of
Natural Resources,
EPA IERL-RTP
~~fcont?mIedT"
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TABLE 1-1. (continued)
Source
Enhanced oil recovery
steam generator
Pittsburgh Energy
Technology Center
(PETC) Industrial
boiler
Spark-Ignited, natural
gas-fired reciprocating
Internal combustion
engine — nonselectlve
NOX reduction catalyst
Industrial boiler
••»*• jm-w»-*»rB»'«»^'mJn j j J.H jaa i
Description
15-HW (50 million Btu/hr)
steam generator burning
crude oil equipped with
an HHI low-NOx burner
3.03 kg/s steam
(24.000 Ib/hr) water tube
fired with a coal-Mater
slurry (CMS)
610-kW (818-hp) Haukesha
rich-burn engine equipped
with OuPont NSCR system
180 kg/hr steam
(400 Ib/hr) stoker, fired
with a mixture of coal
and waste plastic
beverage containers
Test points
unit operation
— Performance mapping
— Low-N0x operation
— Baseline test only
with CHH
~ Low NO. (with
catalyst)
-- IS-day emissions
monitoring
— Baseline (coal)
— Coal and plastic waste
Sampling protocol Test collaborator
Steamer outlet: Getty Oil Company,
— SASS CE-Hatco
— Method 5
— Method 8
~ Gas sample (Ci-Cg HC)
— Continuous 02, HO,, CO.
CO,
— N2U grab sample
Fuel
Boiler outlet: PETC and General
— SASS Electric
- Method 5
- Method 8
-- Gas sample (CrC6 HC)
-- Continuous Oo, HO,, CO.
C02. TUHC
— HjO grab sample
Fuel
Bottom ash
Collector hopper ash
Catalyst inlet and outlet Southern California
— SASS Gas Company
— HCii
— MjO grab sample
— Continuous 0?, C0», NO,
TUHC
Lube oil
Boiler outlet Vermont Agency of
— SASS Environmental
— yoST Conservation
— Method 5
— Method 8
-- HC1
— Continuous 02> NO., CO,
CO,, TUHC
— HyO grab sample
Fuel
Bottom ash
Cyclone ash
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TABLE 1-1. (continued)
Source
Description
Test points
unit operation
Sampling protocol
Test collaborator
i 00
Industrial boiler
7.6 kg/s steam
(60,000 Ib/hr) uatertube
retrofit for coal-water
slurry (CHS) firing
Baseline test with CMS
30-day emissions
monitoring
Boiler outlet
— SASS
-- VOST
— Method 5
— Method 8
— Gas sample (Ci-C6 HO
— N20 grab sample
— Continuous NOX. CO, CO?.
02, TUHC. S02
Fuel
EPRl. OuPont
Enhanced oil
recovery steam
generator
1S-MM (50 million Btu/hr)
steam generator burning
crude oil, equipped with
the EPA/EER 1ow-NOx
burner
- Low HOX (with burner)
— 30-day emissions
monitoring
Steamer outlet Chevron U.S.A.,
— SASS EERC
— VOST
- Method 5
— Method 8
— Controlled condensation
— Anderson Impactor
-- Gas sample (Ci-C6 HO
-- NjO grab sample
— Continuous HOX, CO, C02.
Fuel
Spark-Ignited natural-
gas-flred reciprocating
Internal combustion
engine — selective NOX
reduction catalyst
1.490-kH (2,000-hp)
Inger soil -Rand lean-burn
engine equipped with
Englehard SCR system
— Low HOX (with
catalyst)
— 15-day emissions
monitoring
Catalyst Inlet and outlet
— SASS
— VOST
— HH3
— NCR
~ NjO grab sample
— Continuous Oj, C0», CO,
HO, MOX, NOX+NH3
Lube oil
Southern
California Gas
Company
aAcronyms used In the table: EERC, The Energy and Environmental Research Corporation; EPA IERL-RTP, The Environmental Protection
Agency's Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory-Research Triangle Park; EPRI, The Electric Power Research Institute;
HC, hydrocarbons; NSCR, nonselectlve catalytic reduction; NSPS, new source performance standard; SASS. source assessment sampling
system; SCR. selective catalytic reduction; TUHC, total unburned hydrocarbon; VOST, volatile organic sampling train
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REFERENCES FOR SECTION 1
1-1. Larkin, R. and E. B. Higglnbotham, "Combustion Modification Controls
for Stationary Gas Turbines: Volume II. Utility Unit Field Test,"
EPA-600/7-81-122b, MTIS PB82-226473, July 1981.
1-2. Higginbotham, E. B., "Combustion Modification Controls for Residential
and Commecial Heating Systems: Volume II. Oil-fired Residential
Furnace Field Test," EPA-600/7-81-123b, NTIS PB82-231176, July 1981.
1-3. Higglnbotham, E. B. and P. M. Goldberg, "Combustion Modification NOX
Controls for Utility Boilers: Volume I. Tangential Coal-fired Unit
Field Test," EPA-600/7-81-124a, NTIS PB82-227265, July 1981.
i
1-4. Sawyer, J. W. and E. B. Higginbotham, "Combustion Modification NOX
Controls for Utility Boilers: Volume II. Pulverized-coal Wall-fired
Unit Field Test,":EPA-600/7-81-124b, NTIS PB82-227273, July 1981.
1-5. Sawyer, J. W. and E. B. Higglnbotham, "Combustion Modification NOX
Controls for Utility Boilers: Volume III. Residual-oil Wall-fired
Unit Field Test," EPA-600/7-81-124c, NTIS PB82-227281, July 1981.
1-6. Goldberg, P. M. and E. B. Higglnbotham, "Industrial Boiler Combustion
Modification NOX Controls: Volume II. Stoker Coal-fired Boiler Field
Test — Site A, EPA-600/7-81-126b, NTIS PB82-231085, July 1981.
1-7. Lips, H. I. and E. B. Higglnbotham, "Industrial Boiler Combustion
Modification NOX Control: Volume III. Stoker Coal-fired Boiler Field
Test — Site B, EPA/600/7-81-126c, NTIS PB82-231093, July 1981.
1-8. Waterland, L. R., et al., "Environmental Assessment of Stationary
Source NOX Control Technologies — Final Report," EPA-600/7-82-034,
NTIS PB82-249350, May 1982.
1-9. Lentzen, D. E., etal., "IERL-RTP Procedures Manual: Level 1
Environmental Assessment (Second Edition)," EPA-600/7-78-201, NTIS
PB293795, October 1978.
1-9
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SECTION 2
SOURCE DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION
AND TEST PROTOCOL
The tests were performed on a Federal Boiler coal-fired firetube
commercial boiler equipped with a Will-Burt underfeed stoker located at a
quarry and stone-cutting plant in Barre, Vermont. These tests were performed*
to evaluate any changes in discharge composition and mass throughput
attendant with cofiring recycled plastic beverage bottles with the unit's
coal fuel. One test was performed with the unit burning coal only, and
another test was performed firing a mixture of coal and granulated
polyethylene terephthalate (PET) beverage bottles.
2.1 BOILER DESCRIPTION
The unit tested was a Federal Boiler model FLR-1518 firetube boiler of
the three pass design manufactured in 1982. The boiler is equipped with a
Will-Burt underfeed stoker with a screw feeder and overfire air jet system.
The coal feeder has nominal settings of 90, 135, and 180 kg/hr (200, 300, and
400 Ib/hr). The boiler has a maximum working pressure of 100 kPa (15 psig)
for steam or 200 kPa (30 psig) for hot water. A manual soot-blowing cycle is
operated daily in the morning. The unit.is used to provide steam for space
heating at the stone-cutting plant of the quarry. Table 2-1 summarizes the
design specifications for the unit.
2-1
-------
TABLE 2-1. BOILER DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS
Boiler:
Manufacturer
Model
Design type
Installation date
Fireside heating surface, ro2 (ft2)
Net rating:
Heat input, MW (million Btu/hr)
Steam output, kg/s (Ib/hr)
Working pressure
Steam, kPa (psig)
Water, kPa (psig)
Stoker:
Manufacturer
Design type
Cyclone participate control:
Manufacturer
Model
Gas flow, m3/s (acfm)
Gas velocity, m/s (ft/s)
Inlet particle loading, g/m3 (gr/acf)
Pressure drop, kPa (in.
Federal Boiler Company
FLR-1518
Three-pass firetube
1982
76.8 (827)
1.9 (6.4)
0.59 (4,640)
100 (15)
200 (30)
Will-Burt Company
Underfeed screw feeder with
overfire jet air system
Fisher-Klosterman
XO 340-15
1.2 (2,500)
16 (50)
0.34 (0.14)
1.0 (4)
2-2 .
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2.2 TEST PROTOCOL
Figure 2-1 shows a schematic of the boiler tested and indicates the
sampling location employed in the tests. Table 2-2 summarizes the sampling
methods used at each location. As noted in the table, the sampling matrix
consisted of:
• Fuel grab sample
• Bottom ash grab sample
• Cyclone collector hopper ash grab sample
• Flue gas:
— Continuous monitors for 02, C02, CO, NOX, and total unburned
hydrocarbon (TUHC) both at the boiler exit and at the stack
location
— Volatile organic sampling train (VOST) sampling (test 2,
coal/PET fuel only; equipment problems prevented obtaining a
VOST run for test 1, coal fuel)
— Source assessment sampling system (SASS) sampling
— Combined EPA Method 5/8 sampling for particulate and sulfur
oxides
— HC1 train sampling
~ Gas grab sampling for ^0 determination
All flue gas sampling was performed in the unit's stack, downstream of the
cyclone collector, except for the continuous flue gas analyzers which were
operated both at the stack and at the boiler exit. Details of the specific
sampling protocols used are given in Appendix A.
As also indicated in Table 2-2, the analysis protocol for collected
samples included:
2-3
-------
10 ft
Roof
16 ft
Cyclone
Gate valve
Damper
B
ana
21
in.
D
Floor
7
Figure 2-1. Schematic of boiler and sampling locations.
2-4
-------
TABLE 2-2. TEST MATRIX
Sample location Type of sample/equipment
Analysis
A. Fuel hopper
B. Boiler outlet
C. Stack
D. Cyclone
(ash hopper)
E. Boiler
Composite grab sample of
coal, PET, and coal/PET
mi xture
Continuous monitors
Continuous monitors
Volatile Organic
Sampling Train (VOST)a
Source Assessment
Sampling System (SASS)
Proximate, ultimate, and
selected inorganic trace
elements
NOX, CO, C02, 02, TUHC
NOX, CO, C02, 02, TUHC
Volatile organic priority
pollutants in accordance with
EPA Method 624
Particulate size distribution,
selected inorganic trace
elements, total semi- and
nonvolatile organics (boiling
point >100°C), semivolatile
organic priority pollutants in
accordance with EPA
Method 625, bioassay testing
for mutagenicity and
cytotoxicity
High Volume Stack Sampler Total particulate by EPA
(HVSS) Method 5, S02 and S03 by EPA
Method 8
Gas grab sample
HC1 trainb
Composite grab sample
of flyash
Composite grab sample of
bottom ash
N20 by laboratory GC/ECD
HC1 by wet chemistry
Selected inorganic trace
elements, leachable elements
and anions, total nonvolatile
organics, bioassay testing for
mutagem*city and cytotoxicity
Selected inorganic trace
elements, Teachable elements
and anions, total nonvolatile
organics, bioassay testing for
mutagenicity and cytotoxicity
aPerformed on test 2 only due to equipment problems.
blmpinger solutions for test 1 lost during transit, so only results for
test 2 are reported.
2-5
-------
o Performing proximate, ultimate, and heating value analyses of
collected fuel samples
o Performing ultimate and heating value analyses of bottom ash and
cyclone hopper ash samples
o Analyzing fuel, bottom ash, cyclone hopper ash, bottom ash aqueous
leachate, cyclone hopper ash aqueous leachate, and SASS train
samples for 73 trace elements using spark source mass spectrometry
(SSMS) supplemented by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) and
other methods
9 Analyzing bottom ash and cyclone hopper ash aqueous leachates for
selected anions by ion chromatography
o Analyzing YOST traps for the volatile organic priority pollutants
9 Analyzing SASS train organic extract samples for total organic
content in two boiling point ranges: 100'C to 300°C by total
chromatographable organics (TCO) analysis, and >300°C by gravimetry
(GRAY)
9 Analyzing bottom ash and cyclone hopper ash organic extracts for
total nonvolatile organic content by gravimetry
o Performing infrared spectrometry (IR) analysis of the GRAY residue
of all organic extract samples
o Analyzing the SASS train sorbent module extract for the semivolatile
organic priority pollutants, a set which includes many polynuclear
aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) compounds
• Performing liquid chromatographic (LC) separation of selected
organic extract samples with subsequent TCO, GRAY, and IR analyses
of eluted LC fractions
2-6
-------
• Performing mutagenidty and cytotoxicity bioassay testing of SASS
train, bottom ash, and cyclone hopper ash samples
This sampling and analysis matrix conforms to a modified and extended EPA
Level 1 protocol (Ref. 2-1).
2.3 BOILER OPERATION
Two tests were performed in this program. In the first (test 1) the
boiler was fired with coal fuel only. In the second (test 2) the boiler was
fired with a coal/granulated PET waste mixture containing 16 percent PET by
wei ght.
Table 2-3 summarizes the boiler operating conditions and the ultimate
analysis of the fuel for each test. The steam load was measured by placing a
totalizing flow meter on the boiler feed water. The firebox temperature was
measured by inserting a probe through the door on the front of the unit. The
fuel feed rate was determined by weighing the drums of fuel before and after
each test. The conditions noted are those averaged over the period of the
SASS tests.
Test 2 was run at approximately the same coal feedrate as test 1
(110 kg/hr); however about 20 kg/hr of PET waste was added to the fuel for
this test (over the SASS sampling period). Consequently, heat input and
boiler load were slightly higher for test 2. Also, near the end of test 2,
some boiler load excursions were experienced at a plant shift change. These
variations could affect the YOST and Method 5/8 results over and above the
change in fuel composition.
Boiler efficiency, calculated using the ASME heat loss method, was about
79 percent for both tests. Table 2-4 summarizes the calculated heat losses
as a percent of the total heat input for each test.
2-7
-------
TABLE 2-3. SUMMARY OF BOILER OPERATION AND FUEL ANALYSES
Test 1 Test 2
(coal fuel) (coal/PET fuel)
Boiler operation (over the SASS
sampling period/
Steam load, kg/s (1Q3 Ib/hr) 0.38 (3.0) 0.42 (3.3)
Steam pressure, kPa (pslg) 17 (2.5) 21 (3.0)
Feedwater inlet temperature, °C CF) 12 (54) 13 (55)
Stack temperature, °C (T) 146 (295) 165 (329)
Firebox temperature, eC (T) 768 (1,415) 882 (1,620)
Fuel feedrate, kg/hr (Ib/hr) 110 (240) 130 (285)
Excess air, percent 47 77
Boiler efficiency, percent 79.3 79.1
Fuel ultimate analysis (percent
by weight as fired!
Carbon
Hydrogen
Sulfur
Ni trogen
Oxygena
Ash
Moisture
Chloride
Higher heating value, kJ/kg (Btu/lb)
PET, weight percent
69.5
5.2
1.0
1.5
11.4
8.5
2.7
0.2
31,212 (13,450)
0
71.4
5.5
0.6
1.4
11.7
6.8
2.4
0.2
31,270
16.4
(13,479)
aBy difference.
2-8
-------
TABLE 2-4. BOILER THERMAL EFFICIENCY
Heat loss efficiency Test 1 Test 2
(percent) (coal fuel) (coal/PET fuel)
Heat loss due to dry gas
Heat loss due to moisture
in the fuel
Heat loss to water from
combustion of H2 in the fuel
Heat loss due to combustibles
in the flyash
Heat loss due to radiation
Unmeasured losses
8.3
0.1
4.0
0.8
5.5
2.0
7.8
0.1
4.3
1.2
5.5
2.0
Total loss 20.7 20.9
Efficiency (percent) 79.3 79.1
2-9
-------
REFERENCES FOR SECTION 2
2-1. Lentzen, D. E., et al., "IERL-RTP Procedures Manual: Level 1
Environmental Assessment (Second Edition)", EPA 600/7-78-201, NTIS
PB293795, October 1978.
2-10
-------
SECTION 3
TEST RESULTS
The objective of this test program was to measure flue gas emissions and
ash stream discharge composition from the boiler firing two fuels: the coal
fuel typically burned, and the coal mixed with granulated recycled PET
beverage bottles. The sampling an'd analysis matrix employed was discussed in
Section 2. This section presents test results organized by pollutant
grouping. Flue gas criteria pollutant and other gas phase emissions are
discussed in Section 3.1, trace element emissions and ash stream inorganic
composition are discussed in Section 3.2, and organic pollutant emissions and
ash stream organic content are discussed in Section 3.3. Section 4 discusses
the potential significance of the emissions and ash discharge compositions
measured and presents results of the bioassay testing of samples collected.
3.1 CRITERIA POLLUTANT AND OTHER GAS PHASE SPECIES EMISSIONS
Table 3-1 summarizes the flue gas concentrations of the gaseous species
measured by the continuous monitors along with particulate, sulfur oxides,
N20, and HC1 (for test 2; test 1.HC1 train samples were destroyed during
transport to the laboratory for analysis). As noted in the table, the
continuous emission analyzers sampled combustion gas at both the boiler
outlet and in the stack downstream of a flue duct damper and a cyclone parti-
culate collector (at the location where the extractive sampling trains were
operated). The data in Table 3-1 clearly show that significant air inleakage
3-1
-------
TABLE 3-1. CRITERIA POLLUTANT AND OTHER GAS SPECIES EMISSIONS
Pollutant
Boiler outlet (as
measured emissions}
02, percent dry
C02, percent dry
NOX> ppm dry
CO, ppm dry
TUHC, ppm dry
Stack outlet (as
measured emissions)
QZ, percent dry
C02, percent dry
NOX, ppm dry
CO, ppm dry
TUHC, ppm dry
S02, ppm dry
$03, ppm dry
N20, ppm dry
HC1, ppm dry
Partlculate, mg/dscm
Method 5
SASS
Test
(coal
Range
6.0 to 9.2
9.7 to 13.4
IBS to 220
110 to 290
<1 to 19
11.0 to 13.0
6.3 to 8.6
110 to 160
50 to 120
<1
1
fuel)
Average
7.0
12.0
200
174
12
12.2
7.1
140
90
<1
455
2.1
28
— a
53.9
32.6
ppmc ng/0d Ib/nrSllion Btud
Stack outlet
(corrected emissions)
NOX (as M02)
CO
TUHC (as CH4)
SO?
S03
N20
HC1
Solid paniculate
Method 5
SASS
286 176
184 69
<2 <0.4
930 800
4.4 4.6
57 34
— a
35.4
21.4
0.410
0.16
<0.001
1.9
0.011
0.078
— • •
0.082
0.050
Test
(coal /PET
Range
2.4 to 7.8
8.7 to 15.8
115 to 205
15 to 260
1 to 45
.7.3 to 10.0
4.9 to 9.9
90 to 195
25 to 90
1 to 4
•
2
fuel)
Average
5.2
12.9
182
130
4
8.8
7.5
145
55
2
434
1.7
61
228
69.3
~b
ppmC ng/jd Ib/nrillion Btud
214 165 0.
81 38 0.
3 0.8 0.
640 690 1.
2.5 3.4 0.
90 66 0.
336 206 0.
41.2 0
__b
384
089
002
6
0078
15
479
.096
"
aHCl train sample from test 1 destroyed during transit.
bTotal SASS particulate emissions for test 2 could not be calculated; 1 pm cyclone
participate catch destroyed during transit.
^Corrected to 3 percent 02, dry.
dHeat input basis.
3-2
-------
occurred between those two locations. Stack Q£ levels were higher than
boiler outlet 03 levels and stack C02» CO, MOX, and TUHC levels were
significantly lower than boiler outlet levels.
The data in Table 3-1 show that the addition of PET to the coal fuel did
not radically alter emissions of NOX, TUHC, and particulate. CO emissions
were decreased by roughly a factor of two for the coal/PET fuel probably due
to higher levels of excess air. Particulate emissions increased about
30 percent with the coal/PET fuel, though for both tests emissions were below
43 ng/J (0.1 Ib/mlllion Btu) heat input. Particulate emissions measured
using the single point sampling SASS train were 40 percent lower than those
measured using the stack traversing, isokinetic Method 5 reference method for
test 1. (Test 2 SASS particulate emissions could not be calculated because
one of the four SASS particulate size fraction samples, the 1-jun cyclone
particulate catch, was destroyed while being transported to the laboratory
for analysis.) Discrepencies between SASS and Method 5 are commonly of this
order, although closer agreement is obtained more frequently than not. The
Method 5 result is the more accurate.
Sulfur oxides (S02 and 503) emissions were decreased in test 2 on both a
flue gas concentration (ppm) and per unit heat Input (ng/J) basis. However,
mass emissions (ng/s) in the flue gas were relatively constant for both
tests, as shown in Table 3-2. This is because the coal firing rate in both
tests was comparable. Table 3-2 indicates that flue gas sulfur oxide
emissions accounted for between 96 (test 1) and 98 (test 2) percent of the
output sulfur from the boiler. $03 accounted for about 0.5 percent of the
total flue gas sulfur oxides. This is at the low end of the range typical
for coal combustion sources. Sulfur mass balance closure was fair for the
3-3
-------
TABLE 3-2. SULFUR MASS BALANCE
Input sulfur
Sulfur in fuel
Percent
mg/sa
Total input, mg/s
Output sulfur
Flue gas
S02, ng/J
mg/sa
S03, ng/0
mg/sa
Bottom ash
Percent S
mg/sa
Cyclone ash
Percent S
mg/sa
Total output, mg/sb
Balance out/in
Test 1
(coal fuel)
1.0
303
304
797
376
4.6
2
0.24
9
5.0
6
393
1.30
Test 2
(coal /PET fuel)
0.66
238
238
687
388
3.4
2
0.18
4
3.0
2
396
1.66
aAs sulfur
bSulfur output in flue gas particulate negligible
3-4
-------
tests; output sulfur totaled 130 percent of Input for test 1 and 166 percent
for test 2. The poorer result for test 2 Is most likely due to difficulties
in obtaining a representative sample of the mixed fuel for ultimate analysis.
The apparent decrease in mixed fuel (coal/PET) sulfur content is more than
that accountable for by the addition of sulfur-free PET to the coal.
Table 3-1 shows that HC1 emissions measured 336 ppm (corrected to
3 percent 63) in test 2. This is more than can be accounted for by the
chlorine content of the coal/PET fuel fired, as shown in Table 3-3. Mass
balance closure for chlorine in this test was relatively poor. Output
chlorine (almost exclusively flue gas HC1 as measured by the HC1 train) was
apparently 285 percent of that accounted for by the fuel.
Table 3-4 summarizes results of the ultimate analyses of the bottom ash
and cyclone hopper ash samples collected. The combustibles content of the
ash (chiefly carbon) was higher in both ash fractions for the coal/PET test
(test 2),. as reflected in the gross heating value of the samples. Similarly,
the carbon content of the flue gas particulate was higher for test 2
(21.1 percent) than for test 1 (14.5 percent). However, total combustible
losses in refuse and flyash were small compared to dry gas and flue gas
moisture heat loss so that boiler efficiency was not overly affected by these
(see Section 2.3).
\
Table 3-5 summarizes the particle size distribution data obtained from
the different SASS train particle size fraction samples. The columns labeled
"actual data" refered to actual measurements made and reflect the fact that
no weight for the 1 pm SASS cyclone (the 1 to 3 pm size range) was obtained.
However, the data in these columns show that the relative distribution of
particulate among the >10 pm, 3 to 10 pm, and <1 pm size fraction was quite
3-5
-------
TABLE 3-3. CHLORINE MASS BALANCE
Test 2 (coal/PET)
Input chlorine
Chlorine in fuel
Percent Cl 0.23
mg/sa 83.1
Total input, mg/s 83.1
Output chlorine8
Flue gasa
HC1, ng/J 206
mg/sb 233
Bottom ash
Percent Cl 0.08
mg/sb 1.9
Cyclone ash
Percent Cl 0.26
mg/sb 0.2
Total ouptut, mg/s 237
Balance out/in 2.85
aAs measured by the HC1 train
bAs Cl
3-6
-------
TABLE 3-4. ASH DISCHARGE ULTIMATE ANALYSES
(percent by weight, as received)
Bottom ash
Cyclone hopper ash
Component
Test 1 Test 2 Test 1* Test 2
Carbon
Hydrogen
Nitrogen
Sulfur
Oxygenb
Chlorine
Ash
Moisture
16.67
0.14
0.20
0.24
1.08
0.05
81.47
0.15
21.17
0.17
0.35
0.18
0.54
0.08
77.37
0.14
28.17
1.13
0.94
4.15
11.25
0.18
45.33
8.85
32.26
0.88
1.15
2.78
9.69
0.25
49.00
3.99
Gross heating value,
kJ/kg 1,390 3,710 10,200 11,900
(Btu/lb) (600) (1,600) (4,395) (5,130)
aAverage of duplicate determinations
bBy difference
3-7
-------
TABLE 3-5. EMITTED PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION FROM SASS TRAIN CATCHES
Actual data
Size
fraction
>10 gm
3 to 10 vm
1 to 3 pm
<1 |im
ui Total
Test
Size fraction
emission rate
(mg/dscm)
9.5
7.9
2.9
12.3
32.6
1
Percent of
10 urn + 1 pm +
filter catch
32
26
__
42
—
Test
Size fraction
emission rate
(mg/dscm)
10.7
12.7
--
18.6
--
2
Percent of
10 gm + 1 urn +
filter catch
26
30
--
44
~
Test
Size fraction
emission rate
(mg/dscm)
9.5
7.9
2.9
12.3
326
Inferred data9
1
Percent of
of total
29
24
9
38
100
Test
Size fraction
emission rate
(mg/dscm)
10.7
12.7
4.2a
18.6
46.2
2
Inferred
percent of
of total
23
28
9
40
100
aInferred assuming 1 to 3 vm size fraction for test 2 accounted
for 9 percent of the total SASS train participate catch
-------
similar for both tests. The 1 to 3 \m size fraction for test 1 accounted for
9 percent of the total participate for this test. If it is assumed that this
fraction also accounts for the same percentage in test 2, the results
summarized in the columns labeled "inferred data" are obtained. If this is
the case, then the data suggest that the size distribution of emitted
particulate was unaffected by the addition of PET to the coal fired.
Table 3-1 noted that I^O emissions were measured at 57 (test 1) to 90
(test 2) ppm (corrected to 3 percent 03). These levels correspond to 20 to
40 percent of the measured NOX (NO + M^) levels for each test. This range
is comparable to that seen in similar data obtained in recent tests in this
project. Figure 3-1 summarizes all the data obtained in the combustion
source tests performed in this project, noting the two points obtained in
this test program. The least squares curve fit noted in the figure suggests
that NgO emissions from these external combustion sources are generally
20 percent of the corresponding NOX emission level. Data from this test
program, especially for test 1, support this approximate relationship.
3.2 TRACE ELEMENT AND LEACHABLE ANION DISCHARGE CONCENTRATIONS
The boiler flue gas SASS train samples, the coal and coal/PET fuels, the
bottom ash, and the cyclone hopper ash were analyzed for 73 trace elements
using spark source mass spectrography (SSMS) supplemented by atomic
absorption (AAS) for mercury, antimony, arsenic, and selected major
components of samples present at levels greater than the quantftation limit
of SSMS. Specific ion electrode, colorimetric, turbidimetrie, or X-ray
fluorescence spectrometry techniques were used for other major components in
samples as appropriate.
3-9
-------
140
120
100
$
ON 8"
&
•S1 60
40
r-.
o
O
Test 1
Test 2
D Coal-oil-mixture-fired Industrial boiler (Ref. 3-1)
0 011-reflnery gas-fired crude oil heater (Ref. 3-2)
A 011/reflnery gas-fired Industrial boiler (Ref. 3-3)
O Coal-water-slurry-fired Industrial boiler (Ref. 3-4)
O Coal-water-slurry-fired Industrial boiler (Ref. 3-5)
V EOR steamer equipped with a low-NOx burner (Ref. 3-6)
O EOR steamer equipped with the EPA low-NO¥ burner (Ref. 3-7)
I I I *
100
200
300
400
500
600
NOX (ppm, 3% 02, dry)
Figure 3-1. N20 versus NOX emissions for external combustion sources.
-------
In addition, aqueous leachates of the bottom ash and cyclone hopper ash
samples were prepared by extracting a given weight of ash into a volume of
deionized water equal to four times the ash sample weight in accordance with
EPA Level 1 protocol (Ref. 3-8). These leachates were analyzed for 73 trace
elements by procedures noted above, and for 7 Teachable anions using ion
chromatography.
Section 3.2.1 discusses the SASS train solid ash sample trace element
content results; ash sample leachate analysis results are discussed in
Section 3.2.2.
3.2.1 Flue Gas and Solid Ash Trace Element Analysis Results
Complete sample trace element concentration data, calculated emission
concentrations, and calculated discharge stream trace element flowrates are
given in Appendix B. Table 3-6 summarizes the analysis results for the fuel,
bottom ash, cyclone hopper ash, and SASS particulate for test 1 (coal fuel);
Table 3-7 presents an analogous summary for test 2 (coal/PET fuel).
The data in Table 3-6 show that, for test 1, the trace element
compositions of the boiler bottom ash and the cyclone hopper ash were
generally similar (within a factor of 3 or so), as were the compositions of
the two size fractions of flue gas particulate. The element concentrations
in the particulate were consistently higher than those of the boiler and
hopper ashes, especially for th4 more volatile elements (e.g., arsenic,
antimony, beryllium, cadmium, lead, etc.). This is consistent with the
partitioning tendencies of these elements noted in past combustion source
tests.
3-11
-------
TABLE 3-6. FUEL AND ASH STREAM TRACE ELEMENT ANALYSIS RESULTS: TEST 1
Concentration (ug/g)
Element? Fue1b
Bismuth
Boron
Bromine
Cadmium
'Calcium
Cerium
Cesium
Chlorine
Chromium
Cobalt
Copper
Dysprosium
Erbium
Europium
Fluorine
Gadolinium
Gallium
Germanium
Hafnium
Hoi ml urn
Iodine
Iron
Lanthanum
Lead
Lithium
Flue gas participate
Bottom Cyclone ^~~^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
ash hopper ash 10 + 3 urn 1 vm + filter
Aluminum
Antimony
Arsenic
Barium
Beryllium
11,900
<1
11
100
9.0
129,000
4.0
4.0
350
22
56,200
6.0
52
130
7.0
75^800
150
490
1.900
31
53,900
51
550
940
29
<0.2
30
21
1.0
1,930
18
0.5
2,000
120
8.0
14
<0.2
<0.2
0.3
830
0.7
16
1.0
<0.2
<0.2
1.0
3.400
24
3.0
74
31
4.0
0.4
11,900
22
2.0
98
50
22
18
3.0
2.0
2.0
<100
3.0
1.0
1.0
3.0
2.0
2.0
47,500
30
9.0
120
0.4
110
49
0.4
6,700
4.0
0.4
250
510
6.0
34
1.0
0.5
0.4
260
0.9
19
4.0
0.3
0.7
3.0
95,200
6.0
14
79
6.0
230
220
14
13,200
150
11
850
40
64
722
9.0
4.0
3.0
880
6.0
830
56
2.0
6.0
29
108.000
87
460
950
20
>1,000
250
77
111.000
61
4.0
470
150
100
440
3.0
1.0
3.0
>1,000
4.0
350
39
1.0
2.0
6.0
82,100
61
600
>370
Lute tl urn
Magnesium
Manganese
Mercury
Molybdenum
<0.2
480
8.0
0.09
27
0.3
4,600
13
<0.01
6.0
*
<0.1
1,500
11
0.78
8.0
0.4
4,300
900
5-.0
84
0.3
15.400
67
0.06
65
(continued)
aGold, Irldlum, osmium, palladium, platinum, rhenium, rhodium, and
ruthenium were also analyzed for but were present at less than the
method detection limit (0.1 to 0.2 ug/s) In all samples
"Fuel was 8.5 percent ash
3-12
-------
TABLE 3-6. (continued)
Concentration (ug/g)
Flue gas participate
Element8 Fuel15
Bottom Cyclone
ash hopper ash 10 + 3 um
filter
Neodymium
Nickel
Niobium
Phosphorus
Potassium
Praseodymium
Rubidium
Samarium
Scandium
Selenium
Silicon
Silver
Sodium
Strontium
Sulfur
Tantalum
Tellurium
Terbi um
Thallium
Thorium
Thulium
Tin
Titanium
Tungsten
Uranium
Vanadium
Ytterbium
Yttrium
Zinc
Zirconium
7.0
2
12
100
1,160
3.0
5.0
1.0
35
130
18,700
<0.2
520
110
10,000
<0.2
<0.2
0.2
<0.2
5.0
<0.2
0.5
540
<0.2
2.0
40
<0.2
10
53
31
14
160
9.0
740
12.400
7.0
8.0
7.0
30
13
212,000
0.5
5.600
210
320
0.9
<0.2
0.3
1.0
14
0.2
0.8
6,800
1.0
9.0
44
1.0
11
11
34
3.0
79
4.0
2,700
5,100
1.0
2.0
3.0
26
170
82,000
0.5
2,600
90
40,500
0.4
0.4
0.2 .
2.0
2.0
0.2
1.0
3,500
0.5
2.0
85
0.5
5.0
37
8.0
28
830
48
16,700
11,700
24
72
17
73
<10
128,000
35
4,500
1,200
15.900
2.0
3.0
2.0
40
20
0.8
43
6,800
8.0
9.0
940
3.0
82
610
240
32
210
14
122,000
43,900
14
15
12
10
400
>1,000
12
33,700
420
33,100
2.0
2.0
1.0
31
25
0.4
30
5,100
12
62
66
2.0
58
860
68
aGold, IHdium, osmium, palladium, platinum, rhenium, rhodium, and
ruthenium were also analyzed for but were present at less than the
method detection limit (O.jl to 0.2 ug/s) in all samples
bFue1 was 8.5 percent ash '
3-13
-------
TABLE 3-7. FUEL AND ASH STREAM TRACE ELEMENT ANALYSIS RESULTS: TEST 2
Concentration
Flue gas participate
Element^
Aluminum
Antimony
Arsenic
Barium
Beryllium
Bismuth
Boron
Bromine
Cadmium
Calcium
Cerium
Cesium
Chlorine
Chromium
Cobalt
Copper
Dysprosium
Erbium
Europium
Fluorine
Gadolinium
Gallium
Germanium
Hafnium
Holmium
Iodine
Iron
Lanthanum
Lead
Lithium
Lutetium
Magnesium
Manganese
Mercury
Molybdenum
Fuel6
15,600
24
3.0
41
0.8
2.0
14
10
2.0
930
4.0
0.9
2.300
43
9.0
27
<0.1
<0.1
<0.1
71
<0.1
5.6
<0.1
<0.1
<0.1
0.9
3.800
6.0
28
5.0
<0.2
370
17
0.2
17
Bottom
ash
164,000
15
7.0
985
24
<0.1
130
5.0
4.0
25,900
22
5.0
36
220
110
48
8.0
4.0
4.0
250
8.0
63
4.0
5.0
5.0
0.7
38.600
66
52
54
0.9
4,700
72
<0.01
16
Cyclone
hopper ash
66,600
26
70
360
10
1.0
840
77
8.0
22,700
42
2.0
250
68
10
45
5.0
2.0
0.8
380
2.0
22
8.0
<0.7
3.0
8.0
113.000
35
70
380
0.2
4,300
27
1.15
20
10 + 3 um
90.300
680
810
830
43
20
<80
220
67
13.700
75
4.0
4,200
1.400
74
650
9.0
4.0
3.0
340
8.0
290
44
3.0
6.0
12
112.000
90
890
200
10
4,000
200
6.0
140
1 jim + filter
13,000
<100
1,300
53
25
86
>1,000
240
700
2,500
3.0
16
300
200
240
180
<0.5
<0.2
0.3
310
1.0
>1,000
330
310
<0.1
1,000
400
0.08
170
I continued)
aGo1d, iridium, osmium, palladium, platinum, rhenium, rhodium, and
ruthenium were also analyzed for but were present at less than the
method detection limit (0.1 to 0.2 ug/s) in all samples
"Fuel was 6.8 percent ash
3-14
-------
TABLE 3-7. (continued)
Concentration (ug/g)
Element8 Fue1b
Flue gas particulate
Bottom Cyclone ———_________
ash hopper ash 10 + 3 urn 1 urn + filter
Neodymium
Nickel
Niobium
Phosphorus
Potassium
Praseodymium
Rubidium
Samarium
Scandium
Selenium
Silicon
Silver
Sodium
Strontium
Sulfur
Tantalum
Tellurium
Terbium
Thallium
Thorium
Thulium
Tin
Titanium
Tungsten
Uranium
Vanadium
Ytterbium
Yttrium
Zinc
Zirconium
4.0
340
2.0
170
910
2.0
2.0
1.0
9.0
4.0
13,700
<0.1
370
24
6,600
3.0
<0.1
<0.1
<0.1
4.0
<0.1
0.9
480
<0.1
2.0
11
<0.1
4.0
10
8.0
32
150
15
1,000
11,400
10
25
15
41
17
213,000
0.6
5,200
510
5,400
5.0
0.3
3.0
4.0
31
1.0
2.0
7,400
4.0
22
24
7.0
62
23
92
15
39
9.0
3,300
6,400
7.0
5.0
4.0
8.0
130
98,400
1.0
2.700
170
28,100
1.0
0.4
0.6
14
11
0.4
5.0
4,500
2.0
12
45
1.0
11
88
19
48
250
29
17,100
12,200
22
22
20
50
400
150,000
12
5,200
420
30,600
2.0
2.0
1.0
31
25
0.4
30
8.300
12
62
66
2.0
58
680
68
4.0
250
2.0
39,300
28.600
1.0
96
2.0
13
300
38,900
19
5,700
71
25,800
4.0
8.0
0.2
96
2.0
<0.1
250
110
33
78
170
<0.1
7.0
1,000
6.0
aGold, iridium, osmium, palladium, platinum, rhenium, rhodium, and
ruthenium were also analyzed for but were present at less than the
method detection limit (Oil to 0.2 ug/s) in all samples
''Fuel was 6.8 percent ash '
3-15
-------
Table 3-7 suggests similar conclusions for test 2; however, for this
test the difference between the flue gas particulate composition and that of
the bottom and hopper ashes Is less pronounced and less consistent.
Comparing the data 1n Tables 3-6 and 3-7 shows that the trace element
composition of corresponding samples between the two tests were generally
comparable (again with a factor of 3) with the notable exception of lead,
which Is discussed below. On a mass flow basis, the total ash In test 2
exceeded test 1 by 40 percent. The ratio of cyclone to bottom ash was about
the same for the two tests.
Table 3-8 summarizes the total flue gas emission concentration
(appropriated weighted sums of all SASS train samples analyzed: particulate
fractions, sorbent resin, and Implnger solutions) of the trace elements
analyzed for both tests. For test 2, the estimated emission rate of 1 to
3 urn particulate as discussed in Section 3.1 (Table 3-5) was used together
with the assumption that the composition of the total fine particulate catch
(<3 urn) was the same as that of the
-------
TABLE 3-8. TRACE ELEMENT EMISSIONS IN THE FLUE GAS
Test 1
(coal fuel)
Element
Aluminum
Antimony
Arsenic
Barium
Beryllium
Bismuth
Boron
Bromine
Cadmium
Calcium
Cerium
Cesium
Chromium
Cobalt
Copper
Dysprosium
Erbium
Europium
Gadolinium
Gallium
Germanium
Hafnium
Hoi mi urn
Iron
Lanthanum
Lead
Lithium
Lutetium
Magnesium
Manganese
(ug/dscm)
2,150
3.5
17
56
0.98
0.41
>20
8.6
2.5
1,930
3.5
1.2
10
3.0
32
0.20
0.085
0.098
0.16
21
1.8
0.050
0.13
3,180
2.4
30
>26
0.011
467
19
(pg/J)
1,380
2.2
11
36
0.63
0.26
>12
5.5
1.6
1,240
2.3
0.77
6.5
1.9
20
0.13
0.054
0.063
0.11
13
1.2
0.032
0.087
2,050
1.6
20
>17
0.0074
300
12
Test
(coal /PET
(ug/dscm)
2,450
18
49
21
1.6
2.5
>24
16
18
485
1.8
1.9
5,170
41
35
0.22
0.098
0.077
0.21
>31
8.8
0.070
<5.5
27,600
2.2
1,100
>14
0.023
208
120
23
fuel)
(pg/J)
1,430
10
29
12
0.93
1.4
>14
94
10
284
1.1
1.1
3,030
24
21
0.13
0.057
0.045
0.12
>18
5.1
0.041
<3.2
16,200
1.3
646
>8.1
0.014
122
70
(continued)
aEmission concentrations for test 2 estimated based
on assumed emission rate of 1 to 3 um particulate
(see Table 3-5)' and assuming that total <3 um
particulate compositions is that given by the
<1 um particulate sample analysis result
3-17
-------
TABLE 3-8. (continued)
Test 1
(coal fuel)
Test 2*
(coal/PET fuel)
Element {ug/dscm) (pg/J) (ug/dscra) (pg/J)
Mercury
Molybdenum
Neodymium
Nickel
Niobium
1.4
3.9
0.97
27
1.0
0.87
2.5
0.63
17
0.67
2.2
28
1.2
3,810
0.83
1.3
16
0.71
2.230
0.49
Phosphorus
Potassium
Praseodymium
Rubidium
Samarium
Scandium
Selenium
Silicon
Silver
Sodium
Strontium
Tantalum
Tellurium
Terbium
Thallium
Thorium
Thulium
Tin
Ti tani urn
Tungsten
Uranium
Vanadium
Ytterbium
Yttrium
Zinc
Zirconium
2,150
914
0.63
2.0
0.48
1.6
10
<2,360
2.6
652
28
0.065
0.32
0.050
2.7
0.73
0.020
3.8
220
0.32
1.1
18
0.082
2.3
73
5.3
1.390
589
0.40
1.3
0.31
1.0
6.8
>1.520
1.7
420
18
0.042
0.21
0.032
1.8
0.47
0.013
2.4
140
0.21
0.71
11
0.053
1.5
47
3.4
1,350
966
0.54
3.1
0.51
1.5
41
5.120
1.8
107,000
18
0.19
0.48
0.051
3.2
0.23
0.019
6.6
220
1.2
2.0
12
0.23
1.7
52
1.5
792
566
0.32
1.8
0.30
0.89
24
3,000
1.0
62,800
11
0.11
0.28
0.030
1.9
0.14
0.011
3.9
130
0.71
1.2
7.3
0.14
0.97
31
0.9
aEmission concentrations for test 2 estimated based
on assumed emission rate of 1 to 3 urn particulate
(see Table 3-5) and assuming that total <3 urn
particulate compositions is that given by the
<1 pm particulate sample analysis result
3-18
-------
Several conjectures'could be forwarded to account for these changes.
Further measurement and evaluation would be needed to resolve the
discrepancy, however.
In the case of lead, the Increased emissions for test 2 can be traced to
a significantly higher lead content of the filter particulate (which Is not
surprising since lead Is relatively volatile and therefore tends to
concentrate in fine particulate fractions). Comparing the lead levels noted
in Table 3-7 with those in Table 3-6 shows that the coal/PET fuel had a
factor of 10 higher lead content. Appendix B, which tabulates all sample
trace element analysis data, confirms that the waste PET is the source of the
lead; the lead content of the waste PET was 32 ppm compared to a 3 ppm level
in the coal. It is not clear which aspect of the PET is the source of the
lead. All ash samples, except the coarse (>3 ym) particulate had higher lead
content for test 2 than for test 1. The fine particulate for test 2, as
noted above, had significantly higher lead content than for test 1.
Unfortunately, the significantly increased lead emission level apparent
in test 2 is based on the assumptions noted above. These are that the 1 to
3 um SASS particulate emission rate was estimated based on the assumption
(supported by the data, though) that the particle size distributions for the
two tests were similar, and that the composition of the 1 to 3 um particulate
was the same as that of the less than 1 ym (SASS filter) particulate. This
last assumption is most critical in light of the extreme apparent
partitioning tendencies of lead (the much higher <1 ym particulate
concentration compared to the >3 ym.particulate). However, under these
assumptions, the mass balance closure for lead for both tests is comparable,
as noted in Appendix B. The ratio of total lead output to fuel input was
3-19
-------
62 percent for test 1 and 86 percent for test 2 under the assumptions made.
This suggests that the assumptions made were reasonable and conclusions based
on them defensible.
3.2.2 Ash Sample Aqueous Leachate Analysis Results
As noted above, aqueous leachates of the bottom ash and cyclone hopper
ash samples were prepared by extracting a given weight of ash into a volume
of deionized water equal to four times the ash sample weight in accordance
with Level 1 guidelines (Ref. 3-8). The leachates were analyzed for trace
elements and selected anions. Analysis results are summarized in Table 3-9.
The data in Table 3-9 show that the cyclone hopper ash leachate had
significantly higher trace element and Teachable anion concentrations than
the bottom ash leachate for both tests. The composition of the bottom ash
for both tests were comparable, although the test 2 leachate had slightly
higher concentrations for most elements. In contrast, the test 2 cyclone
hopper ash leachate had consistantly lower trace element concentrations than
the test 1 leachate.
Interestingly, the chloride and sulfate concentrations in the test 2
leachates are slightly lower than in the test 1 leachates. The leachate
sodium contents are comparable for corresponding ashes. One might expect
that if a corrosive component, such as sodium chloride or perhaps
sodium sulfate, were present in'the test 2 combustion gas, as implicated by
the SASS and HC1 train results discussed above, evidence of this component
would appear in the ash leachates, particularly the cyclone ash leachate. An
alternative explanation would be that the component was present in the vapor
phase at the cyclone temperatures, although this seems unlikely.
3-20
-------
TABLE 3-9. ASH STREAM LEACHATE TRACE ELEMENT AND
LEACHABLE ANION ANALYSIS RESULTS
Concentration (rag/1)
Test 1 (coal fuel)
Component3
Elements
Aluminum
Antimony
Arsenic
Barium
Beryllium
Bismuth
Boron
Bromi ne
Cadmium
Calcium
Cerium
Cesium
Chromium
Cobalt
Copper
Dysprosium
Erbium
Europium
Gadolinium
Gallium
Germanium
Hafnium
Hoi mi urn
Iodine
Iron
Lanthanum
Lead
Lithium
Lutetium
Magnesium
Bottom
ash
leachate
0.50
<0.004
0.03
0.06
<0.001
<0.001
0.20
0.03
<0.001
110
0.001
<0.001
0.02
<0.001
0.01
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001
0.01
0.002
<0.001
<0.001
0.002
0.06
<0.001
<0.004
3.0 !
<0.001
4.7
Cycl one
hopper ash
leachate
1,500
0.15
4.1
2.1
0.32
0.005
1.8
0.51
0.17
1.8
0.85
0.05
3.7
7.4
18
0.63
0.30
0.09
0.23
6.5
0.22
0.03
0.40
0.008
1100
1.2
0.27
4.7
0.03
110
Test 2 (coal /PET fuel)
Bottom
ash
leachate
14
0.20
0.01
0.30
<0.002
<0.002
0.40
0.08
0.004
53
<0.002
<0.002
0.06
<0.003
0.03
<0.002
<0.002
<0.002
<0.002
0.09
0.01
<0.002
<0.002
0.01
0.60
<0.002
0.009
0.07
<0.002
0.90
Cycl one
hopper ash
leachate
1100
0.05
0.20
0.05
0.07
<0.001
0.20
0.08
0.10
1.9
0.20
0.02
1.0
1.0
6.0
0.02
0.008
0.01
0.03
5.0
0.07
0.004
0.01
0.001
540
0.30
0.10
4.4
0.002
96
(continued;
aGold, iridium, osmium, palladium, platinum, rhenium,
rhodium, and ruthenium were also analyzed for but were
present at less that the method detection limit (0.001 to
0.002 mg/1) in all samples.
3-21
-------
TABLE 3-9. (continued)
Concentration (mg/1)
Test 1 (coal fuel)
Component*
Manganese
Mercury
Molybdenum
Neodymium
Nickel
Niobium
Phosphorus
Potassium
Praseodymium
Rubidium
Samarium
Scandium
Selenium
Silicon
Silver
Sodium
Strontium
Sulfur
Tantalum
Tellurium
Terbium
Thallium
Thorium
Thulium
Tin
Titanium
Tungsten
Uranium
Vanadium
Ytterbium
Yttrium
Z1nc
Zirconium
Bottom
ash
leachate
0.002
0.002
0.10
<0.001
0.01
<0.001
0.10
7.3
<0.001
0.008
<0.001
<0.001
0.10
4.0
<0.002
>10
0.60
110
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001
0.30
<0,001
<0.001
0.02
<0.001
0.001 . -
0.03
0.003
Cyclone
hopper ash
leachate
24
<0.001
0.22
0.72
4.0
0.19
0.02
140
0.34
0.63
0.76
0.85
0.80
89
0.008
170
24
15,300
0.03
0.01
0.06
0.21
0.31
0.04
0.02
4.4
0.03
0.69
7.4
0.27
1.2
44
0.95
Test 2 (coal /PET fuel)
Bottom
ash
leachate
0.005
<0.001
0.50
<0.002
0.02
0.003
0.30
5.1
<0.002
0.02
<0.002
<0.002
0.10
5.0
<0.004
7.1
3.0
90
<0.002
<0.002
<0.002
<0.002
<0.002
<0.002
<0.002
0.20
0.02
<0.002
0.05
<0.002
0.009
0.06
0.01
Cyclone
hopper ash
leachate
18
<0.001
0.02
0.20
0.80
0.005
<0.01
56
0.08
0.10
0.06
0.10
0.20
210
<0.001
170
4.0
3,900
0.005
0.001
0.007
0.09
0.01
0.002
0.003
.0.50
<0.003
0.05
0.30
0.03
0.50
12
0.01
(continued)
aGold, Iridium, osmium, palladium, platinum, rhenium,
rhodium, and ruthenium were also analyzed for but were
present at less that the method detection limit (0.001 to
0.002 tng/1) in all samples.
3-22
-------
TABLE 3-9. (continued)
Anions
Concentration (mg/1)
Test 1 (coal fuel) Test 2 (coal/PET fuel)
Component3
Bottom
ash
leachate
Cyclone
hopper ash
leachate
Bottom
ash
leachate
Cyclone
hopper ash
leachate
Chloride
Fluoride
Nitrate
Nitrite
Phosphate
Sulfate
Sulfite
2.6
0.25
<1.0
<1.0
<1.0
300
20
300
0.46
<10
<10
<10
19.000
5,000
1.3
0.10
<1.0
<1.0
<1.0
220
20
180
1.8
<10
<10
<10
12,000
5,000
aGold, iridium, osmium, palladium, platinum, rhenium,
rhodium, and ruthenium were also analyzed for but were
present at less that the method detection limit (0.001 to
0.002 mg/1) in all samples.
3-23
-------
3.3 ORGANIC POLLUTANT DISCHARGE CONCENTRATIONS
Organic analyses were performed on specified flue gas and ash stream
samples according to an extended EPA Level 1 protocol (Ref. 3-8) as outlined
In Appendix A. The SASS train composite partlculate, organic module sorbent
(XAD-2), and organic module condensate (OMC) samples, and the bottom ash and
cyclone hopper ash samples were extracted with methylene chloride In a
Soxhlet apparatus. The extracts (the XAD-2 and OMC extracts were combined)
were then subjected to total chromatographable organic (TCO) and gravimetric
(GRAY) analyses to determine the total concentration of organlcs within the
100° to 300°C (212° to 575°F), and greater than 300°C (572°F) boiling point
ranges, respectively. Infrared (IR) spectra of the GRAY residues of the
extracts were also obtained. The XAD-2 and cyclone hopper ash extracts were
subjected to further separation by liquid column (LC) chromatography followed
by TCO, GRAV, and IR analysis of eluted fractions. In addition the SASS
train extract samples were analyzed for the 58 semivolatHe organic priority
pollutants (a category which contains several polynuclear aromatic
hydrocarbon (PAH) species) by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) in
accordance with EPA Method 625 (Ref. 3-9). Table 3-10 lists the compounds
sought 1n this analysis and their method detection limits. The volatile
organic sampling train (YOST) sorbent traps taken for test 2 were analyzed
per YOST protocol (Ref. 3-10) for the volatile organic priority pollutants by
GC/MS in accordance with EPA Method 624.
Results of all these analyses are discussed in the following
subsections.
3-24
-------
TABLE 3-10. COMPOUNDS SOUGHT IN THE GC/MS AND THEIR DETECTION LIMITS
(ng/yl INJECTED)
2,4,6-trichlorophenol
p-chloro-m-cresol
2-chlorophenol
2,4-dichlorophenol
2.4-dimethylphenol
Acid Compounds
5 2-nitrophenol
5 4-n1trophenol
5 2,4-dinitrophenol
5 4,6-dinitro-o-cresol
5 pentachlorophenol
phenol
5
20
20
20
5
1
Base Neutral Compounds
1.2,4-trlchlorobenzene
1..
1,
1.
1
2-dichlorobenzene
2-diphenylhydrazine
(as azobenzene)
3-di chlorobenzene
4-dichlorobenzene
2,4-dinitrotoluene
2,6-di n 1 tro to! uene
2-chloronap hthaiene
3,3'-dichlorobenzidine
3-methyl cholanthrene
4-bromophenyl phenyl ether
4-chlorophenyl phenyl ether
7,!2-d1methyl benz(a)anthracene
N-ni trosodl-n-propylam1ne
N-nitrosodimethylamine
N-ni trosodi phenylamine
acenaphthene
acenaththylene
anthracene
benzo(gh1)perylene
benzldlne
benzo(b )f1uoranthene
benzo{k)fluoranthene
benzo{a)anthracene
benzo(a)pyrene
1 benzo(c)phenanthrene 40
1 bis(2-chloroethoxy)methane 1
1 bis(2-chloroethy!)ether 1
bis(2-chloroisopropyl)ether 1
1 bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate 1
1 butyl benzyl phthalate 1
1 chrysene 1
1 d1-n-butyl phthalate 1
1 di-n-octyl phthalate 1
5 dibenzo(a,h)anthracene 1
40 dibenzo(c.g)carbazole 40
1 diethyl phthalate 1
1 dimethyl phthalate 1
40 fluoranthene 1
5 fluorene 1
NA hexachlorobenzene 1
1 hexachorobutadiene 1
1 hexachlorocyclopentadlene 1
1 hexachloroethane 1
1 indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene 1
5 Isophorone 1
20 naphthalene 1
1 nitrobenzene 1
1 perylene 40
1 phenanthrene 1
1 pyrene 1
3-25
-------
3.3.1 TCP, GRAY, GC/MS, and IR Analyses of Sample Total Extracts
Table 3-11 summarizes the results of the organic analyses of the SASS
train samples for each test performed. As shown in the table the SASS train
sorbent module accounted for all the flue gas total organic emissions. Total
organic emissions for both tests were comparable and dominated (about
90 percent in both cases) by the nonvolatile fraction.
However, emissions of the several semi volatile organic priority
pollutants detected were significantly higher for test 2 with the waste
plastic added to the fuel. Only naphthalene and a phthalate were detected in
the test 1 sorbent module extract; two additional PAH's, phenol, and two
additional phthalates were present in the test 2 extracts. Phthalates are
common contaminants in SASS train samples; levels comparable to those
reported in Table 3-11 are often ascribed to contamination. However, the
fact that the levels detected in the test 2 samples were generally
significantly higher than those in the test 1 samples, and that phthalates
are expected to be found in PET and its combustion products, suggest that
these compounds may actually have been present in the test 2 flue gas.
Table 3-12 summarizes results of the GRAY organic analyses of the bottom
ash and cyclone hopper ash extract samples. For test 1 only the cyclone
hopper ash contained measurable levels of nonvolatile organics. For test 2,
the organic content of the bottom ash increased, although that of the cyclone
hopper ash was about half that for test 1. The total ash loading was less
for test 2 than for test 1. In test 1, the total ash was 13.5 percent of
fuel feed whereas ash was only 8.2 percent in test 2. For both tests,
cyclone ash was about 3 percent of total ash.
3-26
-------
TABLE 3-11. TOTAL ORGANIC AND SEMIVOLATILE ORGANIC PRIORITY
POLLUTANT EMISSIONS (pg/dscm)
Test 1 Test 2*
Component (coal fuel) (coal/PET fuel)
Total semi volatile organics
(C7 to C16) by TCO
XAD-2 + OMC 75 120
Total nonvolatile organics
by gravimetry
Composite particulate
XAD-2 •»• OMC
Total
Total organics:
<300
875
950
<400
1,080
1,080
1,200
Semivolatile organic
priority pollutants
(XAD-2 + OMC)
Naphthalene 2.2 16
Phenanthrene <0.4 3.0
Fluoranthene <0.4 2.2
Phenol <0.4 20
B1s(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate <0.4 4.2
Dlethyl phthalate <0.4 6.0
Di-n-butylphthalate <0.4 0.4
Other semivolatile <0.4 <0.4
organic priority pollutants
aTCO and GC/MS results represent the average of duplicate
analyses
3-27
-------
TABLE 3-12. ASH STREAM TOTAL ORGANIC CONTENT (mg/kg ash)
Total nonvolatile organics by gravimetry
Sample Test 1 (coal fuel) Test 2 (coal/PET fuel)
Bottom ash <80 220
Cyclone hopper ash 1,100 500
Table 3-13 presents a summary of the IR spectra of the GRAY residue of
each sample total extract. The spectra for corresponding samples from both
tests were quite similar. The table shows that spectra of the composite
partlculate and the bottom ash extract samples for both tests suggest only
the presence of aliphatic hydrocarbons In these samples (although oxygenates
may be present 1n the composite partlculate from the coal/PET fuel test).
Sorbent module extracts from both tests strongly suggest the presence of both
aliphatic hydrocarbons and oxygenates such as carboxylic acids, alcohols,
aldehydes, and/or ketones. The presence of aliphatic hydrocarbons and some
oxygenates is also suggested by the spectra of the cyclone ash extracts from
both tests.
3.3.2 Liquid Chromatography Fractionation of Sample- Extracts
The sorbent module (XAD-2 + OMC) and cyclone hopper ash extracts from
both tests contained greater than 15 mg of total organic, so they were
further analyzed by separation into seven polarity fractions via liquid
column (LC) chromatography on silica gel. Results are shown in Tables 3-14
through 3-17 for the test 1 and test 2 sorbent module extracts and the test 1
and test 2 cyclone hopper ash extracts, respectively.
3-28
-------
TABLE 3-13. TOTAL EXTRACT IR SPECTRA SUMMARY
Test 1 (coal fuel)
Sample
Composite
particulate
XAD-2 t OMC
Bottom ash
Cyclone
hopper ash
Have
Number
(cnrM
2920
2840
3650-2300
2970
2920
2860
1740
1600
1580
1450
1370
1260
1160
1090
810
770
750
720
630
2920
2840
3850-2300
2940
2860
1770
1740
1600
1460
1380
1270
1120
760
Possible compound
Intensity3 Assignment categories present
S
S
H
S
S
H
H
H
H
- M
H
H
M
H
M
H
M
V
»
S
H
H
S
H
H
S
H
M
H
H
H
H
Cll alky)
Cll alkyl
0-11 stretch
CH alkyl
CH alky)
CH atkyl
C=0 stretch
Hot assigned
Hot assigned
C-H, 0-11 bend
C-H, 0-H bend
C-0 stretch
C-0 stretch
C-0 stretch
Hot assigned
Hot assigned
Not assigned
Not assigned
Hot assigned
CH alkyl
CH alkyl
0-11 stretch
CH alkyl
Cll alkyl
Not assigned
OO stretch
Hot assigned
C-H, 0-11 bend
C-H, 0-H bend
C-0 stretch
Not assigned
Hot assigned
Aliphatic
hydrocarbons
Aliphatic
hydrocarbons;
oxygenated
hydrocarbons
such as
carboxyllc
acids, aldehydes ,
ke tones, and/or
alcohols
Aliphatic
hydrocarbons
Aliphatic
hydrocarbons;
oxygenated
hydrocarbons
such as
carboxyllc acids ,
aldehydes.
ketones, and/or
alcohols
Test
Have
(lumber
(cur1) Intensity*
2920
2860
1730
3850-2300
2960
2920
2860
1770
1740
1600
1450
1370
1260
1080
800
720
2930
2920
2860
1770
1740-1680
1600
1480
1300
S
H
H
H
M
M
H
H
S
H
M
H
H
M
M
H
S
S
M
H
M
M
M
H
2 (coal /PET fuel)
Assignment
Cll alkyl
CH alkyl
OO stretch
0-H stretch
CH alkyl
CH alkyl
Cll alkyl
Hot assigned
C=0 stretch
Not assigned
C-H, 0-H bend
C-H. 0-H bend
C-0 stretch
C-0 stretch
Not assigned
Hot assigned
CH alkyl
Cll alkyl
Cll alkyl
Not assigned
OO stretch
Not assigned
C-H bend
C-H beml
Possible compound
categories present
Aliphatic hydro-
carbons, possibly
aldehydes or
ketones
Aliphatic
hydrocarbons;
oxygenated
hydrocarbons
such as
carboxyllc acids,
aldehydes,
ketones, and/or
alcohols
Aliphatic
hydrocarbons
Aliphatic
hydrocarbons;
oxygena ted
hydrocarbons
such as
aldehydes
and/or kcloncs
*S " strong, M = moderate. W = weak.
-------
TABLE 3-14. LC FRACTIONATION OF THE TEST 1 SORBENT
MODULE EXTRACT
Fraction
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Total
Total sample
Taken for LC
Recovered
TCO (mg)
TCO GRAV
(mg) (mg)
20 24
1.1 14
0.6 7.9
GRAV
Corrected
to total
Analyzed* sample Analyzed*
0.6 1.0
<0.1 <0.2
<0.1 <0.2
<0.1 <0.2
<0.1 <0.2
<0.1 <0.2
<0.1 <0.2
0.6 1.0
1.5
<0.4
<0.4
<0.4
0.8
2.6
3.0
7.9
TCO + GRAV
(mg)
76
15
8.5
(mg)
Corrected
to total
sample
2.6
<0.7
<0.7
<0.7
1.4
4.5
5.2
13.7
Concentration
(mg/dscm)
0.95
0.55
0.31
TCO -i- GRAV
(mg)
3.6
<0.7
<0.7
<0.7
1.4
4.5
5.2
14.7
Concentration
(mg/dscm)
0.13
<0.03
<0.03
<0.03
0.05
0.16
0.19
0.53
aBlank corrected
3-30
-------
TABLE 3-15. LC FRACTIONATION OF THE TEST 2 SORBENT
MODULE EXTRACT
Fraction
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Total
TCO
(mg)
Total sample 3.2
Taken for LC 1.6
Recovered <0.2
TCO (mg)
Corrected
to total
Analyzed3 sample
<0.2 <0.4
<0.1 <0.2
<0.1 <0.2
<0.1 <0.2
<0.1 <0.2
<0.1 <0.2
<0.1 <0.2
--J.
<0.2 <0.4
GRAV TCO + GRAV
(mg) (mg)
27
13.5
13.6
GRAV
Analyzed*
3.2
<0.4
1.2
1.0
0.6
3.8
3.8
13.6
30
15
14
(mg)
Corrected
to total
sample
6.4
<0.8
2.4
2.0
1.2
7.6
7.6
27.2
Concentration
(mg/dscm)
1.2
0.60
0.56
TCO + GRAV
(mg)
6.4
<0.8
2.4
2.0
1.2
7.6
7.6
27.2
Concentration
(mg/dscm)
0.26
<0.03
0.10
0.08
0.05
0.30
0.30
1.09
aBlank corrected
3-31
-------
TABLE 3-16. LC FRACTIONATION OF THE TEST 1 CYCLONE
HOPPER ASH EXTRACT
TCO5 GRAY TCO + 6RAV
(rag) (mg) (mg)
Total sample 55
Taken for LC 22
Recovered 28
TCOa (mg) GRAY
Corrected
to total
Fraction Analyzed sample Analyzed0
1 5.0
2 0.8
3 2.2
4 1.8
5 2.2
6 11.6
7 4.0
*
Total 27.6
55
22
28
(mg)
Corrected
to total
sample
12
2
6
4
6
29
10
69
Concentration
(mg/kg)
1,100
440
560
TCO + GRAY
(mg)
12
2
6
4
6
29
10
69
Concentration
(mg/kg)
240
40
120
80
120
580
200
1,400
aTCO not performed, sample collected at high temperature
"Blank corrected
3-32
-------
TABLE 3-17. LC FRACTIONATION OF THE TEST 2 CYCLONE
HOPPER ASH EXTRACT
TCOa GRAY TCO + GRAY
(mg) (mg) (mg)
Total sample 25
Taken for LC 22
Recovered 27
TCO* (mg) GRAY
Corrected
to total
Fraction Analyzed sample Analyzed1*
1 5.0
2 1.8
3 3.4
4 2.4
5 2.6
6 8.4
7 3.0
i
Total 26.6
25
22
27
(mg)
Corrected
to total
sample
5.7
2.0
3.9
2.7
3.0
9.5
3.4
30.2
Concentration
(mg/kg)
500
440
600
TCO -i- GRAY
(mg)
5.7
2.0
3.9
2.7
3.0
9.5
3.4
30.2
Concentration
(mg/kg)
110
40
78
54
60
190
68
600
aTCO not performed, sample collected at high temperature
bBlank corrected
3-33
-------
In the fractionations of the sorbent module extracts, recovery of the
volatile components (TCO compounds) was relatively poor, at 13 percent for
test 1 and 55 percent for test 2. However, recovery of the nonvolatile
components (GRAV compounds) was acceptable, ranging from 56 to 127 percent.
Tables 3-14, 3-15, and 3-16 show that the largest organic fractions for
the sorbent module extracts for both test 1 (coal fuel) and test 2 (coal/PET
fuel) and the test 1 cyclone hopper ash extract were LC 1, which normally
contains aliphatic hydrocarbons, and LC 6 and 7, which normally contain
oxygenated compounds. The distribution of organics among LC fractions was
quite similar for all three samples. Table 3-17 shows that the distribution
of organics among LC fractions was more uniform for the test 2 cyclone hopper
ash extract, though LC 6 contained the largest amount of organic.
Table 3-18 presents a summary of the IR spectra for the extract LC
fractions. The table shows that the spectra for corresponding
sample/fractions for both tests were essentially the same. The spectra for
the sorbent module extract fractions suggest only the presence of aliphatic
hydrocarbons in all LC fractions, except LC 6, which apparently contains some
oxygenated compounds. Comparing the sorbent module fraction spectra with the
total extract spectra in Table 3-13 shows that many absorbances in the total
extract are not accounted for within the LC fractions. Evidently the
dilution attendant with the fraetionation is such that several absorbances
become too weak for these samples.
The spectra for the cyclone hopper ash fractions suggest only aliphatic
hydrocarbons in LC 1, 2, and 3. Aldehydes are possibly present in LC 4 of
the test 2 cyclone hopper ash extract. Oxygenates are present in LC 5, 6,
and 7 of both test cyclone hopper ash extracts. Aldehydes and ethers are
3-34
-------
TABLE 3-18. IR SPECTRA SUMMARY FOR LC FRACTIONS OF THE SORBENT MODULE
AND CYCLONE HOPPER ASH EXTRACTS
Test 1 (coal fuel)
Sairple/
fraction
XAO-2 Extract
1
2
3
4
S
6
7
Cyclone Ash
tx tract
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
wave
number
(cro-1)
2930
2935
1745
2950
2940
1468
1384
2940
2940
1462
2940
1465
2940
1783
1710
1600
1465
3300
2940
1780
1730
1600
1455
1290
3350
2943
1725
1600
1460
1285
Intensity8
S
No peaks
No peaks
No peaks
No peaks
S
S
S
S
H
W
S
S
H
S
«
S
H
S
H
M
W
S
H
S
H
H
H
S
S
S
S
M
M
Assignment
CH alkyl
CH alkyl
C-0 stretchb
CH alkyl
CH aklyl
CH2
NO assigned
CH akUyl
CH alkyl
CH2
CH alkyl
CH2
CH allcyl
Not assigned
C«0 streteh°
Not assigned
CH2
0-H stretch
CH alkyl
Not assigned
C«0 stretch
Not assigned
CH2
C-5 stretch
0-H stretch
CH allcyl
C'O stretch
Not assigned
CH2
C-0 stretch
Possible compound
categories present
Aliphatic
hydrocarbons
Aliphatic
hydrocarbons.
possibly some
oxygenated
compounds
Aliphatic
hydrocarbons
Aliphatic
hydrocarbons
Aliphatic
hydrocarbons
Aliphatic
hydrocarbons
Aliphatic
hydrocarbons
Aldehydes and/or
ethers
Carboxyllc acids.
alcohols, esters.
and/or ketones
f
Carboxyllc acids.
alcohols, esters.
and/or ketones
Wave
number
(cm-1)
2930
2915
2940
2940
172S
2940
2940
1460
2940
2940
1460
2940
1775
1705
1460
2940
1780
1718
1600
1460
1300
3300
294S
1782
1735
1600
1460
3400
2943
1725
1600
1458
1275
Test 2 (coal/PET fuel)
Intensity"
S
No peaks
No peaks
S
S
S
S
S
S
W
S
S
M
S
M
M
M
S
S
S
S
M
H
M
S
H
S
M
H
S
S
S
S
H
u
Assignment
CH alkyl
CH alkyl
CH alkyl
CH alkyl
C'O stretch*
CH alkyl
CH alkyl
CH2
CH alkyl
CH alkyl
CH2
CH alkyl
Not assigned
C-0 stretch*
CH2
CH aUyl
Not assigned
C-0 stretch
Not assigned
CH,
C-o stretch
0-H stretch
CH alkyl
Not assigned
C«0 stretchb
Not assigned
CH2
0-H stretch
CH alkyl
C-0 stretch
Not assigned
CH»
C-0 stretch
Possible corcour.a
categories present
Al lunatic
hydrocarbons
Aliphatic
hydrocarbons
Aliphatic
hydrocarbons
Aliphatic
hydrocarbons.
possibly some
oxygenated
compounds
Aliphatic
hydrocarbons
Aliphatic
hydrocarbons
Aliphatic
hydrocarbons
Aliphatic
hydrocarbons
Aldehydes
Aldehydes and/or
ethers
Carboxyllc aciCs,
alcohols, esters.
and/or ketones
Carboxyllc acids.
alcohols, esters.
and/or ketones
•S: Strong, H: Moderate. W:
"Tentative assignment
Heak
3-35
-------
possible In LC 5, and alcohols, esters, ketones, and carboxylic acids are
most Hkely 1n LC 6 and 7. Comparing the cyclone ash fraction spectra to the
total extract spectra in Table 3-13 shows that, in contrast to the case for
the sorbent module extracts, almost all absorbances in the total sample
extracts are accounted for in the fraction spectra.
The results of the LC fractionation of the extract samples suggest that
the organic sorbent module extracts for both tests were composed of roughly
25 to 35 percent aliphatic hydrocarbons (LC's 1 and 3), 40 percent less polar
oxygenated hydrocarbons (LC's 4, 5, and 6), and 25 to 35 percent more polar
oxygenates (LC 7).
The results of the LC fractionation of the cyclone ash extracts combined
with the IR spectra of eluted fractions suggests that these were composed of
30 to 40 percent aliphatic hydrocarbons (LC's 1, 2, and 3) 15 to 20 percent
less polar oxygenated hydrocarbons such as aldehydes and ethers (LC's 4 and
5), and 40 to 55 percent more polar oxygenates such as carboxylic acids,
alcohols, and ketones (LC's 6 and 7) for both tests.
3.3.3 Volatile Organic Compound Emissions
Table 3-19 summarizes the analysis results of the YOST train samples
collected during test 2 (VOST was run only for this test). As noted in the
table, several chlorinated Cj and €2 aliphatics, chlorobenzene, toluene, and
ethylbenzene were detected in the flue gas at levels in the order 1 to order
10 ug/dscm range. The levels of the aromatic hydrocarbons (toluene and
ethylbenzene) noted are typical of what has been seen in recent VOST tests of
combustion sources (Refs. 3-5, 3-7, and 3-11). The source of the chlorinated
hydrocarbons is not clearly understood, although these compounds do arise
whenever chlorine containing fuels are burned, or chlorine, even Inorganic
3-36
-------
TABLE 3-19. FLUE GAS VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUND
EMISSIONS
Flue gas emission
concentration
(ug/dscm)a
Compound'3
Chi orome thane
Chloroform
*
1,2-di chloroethane
Trichloroethylene
Tetrachloroethylene
To! uene
Chlorobenzene
Ethyl benzene
Tenax
trap
0.5
3.4
<0.25
24
2.5
7.3
7.5
0.7
Tenax/
charcoal
trap
0.5
1.1
2.0
<0.25
<0.25
6.7
<0.25
<0.25
Total
1.0
4.5
2.0
24
2.5
14
7.5
0.7
aField blank corrected
bBromomethane, vinyl chloride, chloroethane,
methylene chloride, 1,1-dichloroethylene,
1,1-dichloroethane, t-l,2-dichloroethylene,
1,1,1-trichloroethane, carbon tetrachloride,
dichlorobromomethane, 1,2-dichloropropane,
t-1,3-di chloropropene, chlorodi bromomethane,
1,1,2-tri chloroe thane, c-1,3-di chloropropene,
benzene, 2-chloroethyl vinyl ether, bromoform,
1,1,2,2-tetracHloroethane, xylenes, ally!
chloride, ethylene oxide, propylene oxide,
and 2-nitropropane were also analyzed for and
not detected above a detection limit of
0.25 yg/dscm
3-37
-------
chlorides, 1s Introduced into the combustion process. It Is Interesting that
these compounds are detected In the test 2 flue gas, the same test with
apparent chloride introduction into the SASS train, and unaccountably high
(perhaps again due to extraneous flue gas chloride) chloride emissions
measured with the HC1 train. The chlorine content of the fuel at 0.2 percent
seems too low to have given rise to the levels of the chlorinated compounds
measured.
3-38
-------
REFERENCES FOR SECTION 3
3-1. DeRosler, R., "Environmental Assessment of a Water-tube Boiler Firing
a Coal /Oil Mixture," Acurex Draft Report TR-81-87/EE, March 1984.
3-2. DeRosier, R., "Environmental Assessment of a Crude-011 Heater Using
Staged Air Lances for MOX Reduction," EPA 600/7-84-074 a/b, NTIS
PB84-223031/- 223049, July 1S84.
3-3. Castaldini, C., et al., "Environmental Assessment of NHs Injection
for an Industrial Package Boiler," EPA 600/7-86-005 a/b, NTIS
PB86-159852/"unassigned", February 1986.
3-4. DeRosier, R. and L. R. Water land, "Environmental Assessment of a
Watertube Boiler Firing Coal-Water Slurry," EPA 600/7-86-004 a/b,
NTIS PB86-159845/"unassigned", February 1986.
3-5. VanBuren, D., and L. R. Waterland, "Environmental Assessment of a
Coal -Water-Slurry-Fired Industrial Boiler," Acurex Draft Report
TR-84-155/EE, February 1985.
3-6. Castaldini, C. , et al., "Environmental Assessment of an Enhanced 011
Recovery Steam Generator Equipped with a Low-N0x Burner," EPA
600/7-86-003 a/b, NTIS PB86-159837/"unassigned", February 1986.
3-7. Castaldini, C., et al., "Environmental Assessment of an Enhanced Oil
Recovery Steam Generator Equipped with the EPA Low NOX Burner,"
Acurex Draft Report TR-85-174/EED , January 1985.
3-8. Lentzen, D. E. , et al., "IERL-RTP Procedures Manual: Level 1
Environmental Assessment (Second Edition)", EPA 600/7-78-201, NTIS
PB293795, October 1978.
3-9. 44 CFR 69532, December 3, 1979.
3-10. "Protocol for the Collection and Analysis of Volatile POHC's Using
YOST," EPA-600/8-84-007, NTIS PB84-170042, March 1984.
3-11. Castaldini, C., S. Unnasch, and H. B. Mason, "Engineering Assessment
of Hazardous Waste Coflring In Industrial Boilers," Acurex Technical
Report TR-84-159/EED, May 1984.
3-39
-------
SECTION 4
ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT
This section discusses the potential environmental significance of the
boiler tested and discusses the results of the bioassay testing of flue gas
and solid waste stream samples collected from the boiler burning both coal
and the coal/waste polyethylene terephthalate (PET) mixture tested. As a
means of ranking species discharged for possible further monitoring or
evaluation flue gas stream pollutant concentrations are compared to
occupational exposure guidelines, and solid waste stream leachate
concentrations are compared to water quality criteria. Bioassay analyses
were conducted as a more direct measure of the potential health effects of
the emissions and discharge streams. Both of these analyses are aimed at
identifying and providing the basis for ranking pollutant species and
discharge streams for further consideration.
4.1 DISCHARGE ASSESSMENT
To obtain a measure of the potential significance of the discharge
streams analyzed in this test program, for further monitoring and evaluation
discharge stream concentrations were compared to occupational exposure
guidelines, generally either the time-weighted-average threshold limit
values (TLV's) defined by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial
Hygienists (AGCIH) (Ref. 4-1) or the 8-hour time-weighted-average exposure
4-1
-------
limits established by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration
(OSHA) (Ref. 4-2). For the solid waste discharges (bottom ash and cyclone
hopper ash) the indices used were the health effects-based water quality
criteria (Ref. 4-3).
The comparisons of discharge stream species concentration to these
indices should only be used for ranking pollutant discharge levels for
further testing and analyses.
Table 4-1 lists those pollutants emitted In the flue gas at levels
greater than 10 percent of their occupational exposure guideline. As noted
in the table, analyzed flue gas concentrations of chromium, sodium, nickel,
iron, and lead for test 2 (coal/PET fuel) were significantly larger than
their occupational exposure guidelines. However, as discussed in
Section 3.2, the high analyzed levels for all these elements except lead in
test 2 are questionable, and would require further testing to clarify.
Actual emission levels for all these elements except lead are expected to be
more comparable to those measured for test 1, as is the case for the other
elements noted in the table.
The higher lead emissions in test 2 for the coal/PET fuel are regarded
as an actual increase. This Increase reflects the significantly increased
lead content of the coal/PET fuel compared to the coal alone. The PET
additive is apparently the source of this added lead although no component of
PET has been identified as containing lead. The significance of these
increased emissions deserves further study, especially in light of the fact
that the lead emission concentration noted 1n Table 4-1 for test 2 represents'
an estimate based on estimated 1 to 3 urn SASS particulate emission rate and
4-2
-------
TABLE 4-1. FLUE GAS POLLUTANTS EMITTED AT LEVELS EXCEEDING 10 PERCENT
OF THEIR OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE GUIDELINE
Flue gas concentration
Pollutant
Major constituents:
NOX (as N02)
SOo
SO-j
CO
HC1
Parti cul ate
Trace Elements:
Chromium
Sodi urn
Nickel
Iron
Lead
Phosphorus
Arsenic
Aluminum
Lithium
Calcium
Beryllium
Silicon
Potassium
Cobalt
Cadmi urn
Vanadium
Copper
Platinum
Silver
Selenium
Bari urn
Test
(ug/dscm)
1 Test 2
(coal) (coal /PET)
2.7 x
1.21 x
7,000
1.05 x
— b
54,000
10
652
27
3,180
30
2,150
17
2,150
>26
1,930
0.97
>2,360
914
3.0
2.5
18
32
— f
,2.6
10
56
105 2.8 x 105
106 1.46 x 106
5,700
105 6.4 x 104
3.47 x 105
69,000
5,170
107,000
3,810
27,600
1,100
1,350
49
2,450
>14
485
1.6
5,120
966
41
18
12
35
0.52
1.8
41
21
Occupational
exposure
guideline
(ug/m3)a
6,000
5,000
1,000
55,000
7.00QC
10,000d
50
2.000C
100
1,000
506
100
10
2,000
25
2,000
2
10,000d
2,OOOC
100
50C
50
1006
2
10
200
500
aTime-weighted-average TLV (Ref. 4-1) unless noted
bHCl sampled for test 2 only
cCeiling limit
"For nuisance particulate
68-hour time-weighted average OSHA exposure limit
(Ref. 4-2)
•less than the method detection limit
4-3
-------
the assumption that the 1 to 3 ym SASS parti curtate lead concentration was the
same as that measured for the <1 ym particulate (as discussed in
Section 3.2).
Lead emissions aside, test results indicate that iron, phosphorous,
arsenic, and aluminum were emitted at levels exceeding their respective
occupational exposure guidelines, for both tests. Emissions of these
elements at levels up to about a factor of 20 greater than an occupational
exposure guideline are noted. For comparison, the gaseous criteria
pollutants SO? and NOX were emitted at levels over 200 and almost 50 times
their respective occupational exposure guidelines.
The HC1 emission level noted for test 2 is also quite significant.
However, again, this may have been due to extraneous introduction of an
inorganic chloride compound in the flue gas. As noted in Section 3, the HC1
(or more accurately, vapor phase inorganic chloride) levels measured were
almost three times those expected, based on the chlorine content of the
fuel.
In summary, emissions for both tests were comparable except for
questionable increases in chromium, sodium, nickel, and iron emissions for
test 2. However, lead emissions were increased significantly with the mixed
coal/PET fuel. This significance of the increase deserves further study.
Table 4-2 lists those priority pollutants present in at least one ash
stream leachate analyzed at levels exceeding their respective health-effects-
based water quality criteria. As indicated, all of the priority pollutant
trace elements except silver were present In at least one leachate (generally
4-4
-------
TABLE 4-2. PRIORITY POLLUTANTS IN ASH LEACHATES AT CONCENTRATIONS
EXCEEDING THEIR WATER QUALITY CRITERIA
Bottom ash leachate
concentration (yg/1)
Cyclone hopper
ash leachate
concentration (ug/1)
Element
Arsenic
Beryllium
Nickel
Selenium
Chromium
Cadmium
Thallium
Mercury
Lead
Barium
Antimony
Test 1
(coal)
0.030
<0.001
0.01
0.10
0.02
<0.001
<0.001
0.002
<0.004
0.06
<0.004
Test 2
(coal /PET)
0.010
<0.002
0.02
0.10
0.06
0.004
<0.002
<0.001
0.009
0.30
0.20
Test 1
(coal)
4.1
0.32
4.0
0.80
3.7
0.17
0.21
<0.001
0.27
2.1
0.15
Test 2
(coal /PET)
0.20
0.070
0.80
0.20
1.0
0.10
0.09
<0.001
0.10
0.05
0.05
Water
quality
criterion
(mg/1 )a
2.2 x 10-5J5
3.7 x 10-5
0.0134
0.010
0.050
0.010
0.013
1.44 x 10'4
0.050
1.0
0.146
aRef. 4-3
bWater quality criterion based on cancer risk; level noted
corresponds to increased lifetime risk of 10~5
4-5
-------
the test 1 cyclone hopper ash leachate) at levels above their water quality
criteria. Levels of arsenic, beryllium, and selenium exceeded their water
quality criteria in all leachates. Levels of all the elements except mercury
in the table were present in the test 1 (coal fuel) cyclone hopper ash
leachate at levels exceeding (sometimes greatly exceeding) their water
quality criteria.
The cyclone hopper ash leachates generally contained significantly
higher concentrations of the elements noted in Table 4-2 than did bottom ash
leachates. Further, the test 2 (coal/PET fuel) cyclone hopper ash leachate
had lower concentrations of all the elements noted in the table. This
suggests that the additon of the waste PET to the boiler's coal fuel may have
had the beneficial effect of decreasing Teachable toxic trace elements in the
cyclone hopper ash stream (e.g., perhaps by decreasing the Teachability of
elements in this discharge).
4.2 BIOASSAY RESULTS
Health effects bioassay tests were performed on the SASS organic sorbent
(XAD-2) extracts, the bottom ash, and the cyclone hopper ash collected for
both test 1 (coal fuel) and test 2 (coal/PET fuel). The bioassay tests
performed (Ref. 4-4) were the Ames assay, based on the property of Salmonella
typhinurium mutants to revert due to exposure to various classes of mutagens,
and the cytotoxicity assay (CHO) with mammalian cells in culture to measure
»
cellular metabolic impairment and death resulting from exposure to soluble
toxicants.
Table 4-3 summarizes the results of these tests. The results suggest
that the XAD-2 extracts were of moderate to high mutagenicity and toxicity
4-6
-------
TABLE 4-3. BIOASSAY RESULTS
Bioassay response3
CHO
Ames clonal
Test Sample mutagenicity toxicity
1 (coal)
2 (coal /PET)
XAD-2 extract
Bottom ash
Cyclone hopper ash
XAD-2 extract
Bottom ash
Cyclone hopper ash
H
NO
M/H
M
ND
L/M
M
NO
ND
H/M
ND
ND
aND — Nondetectable mutagenicity/toxicity
L -- Low mutagenicity/toxicity
M — Moderate mutagenicity/toxicity
H — High mutagenicity/toxicity
for both tests. The bottom ash had nondetectable mutagenicity and toxicity
for both tests. The cyclone hopper ash had nondetectable toxicity for both
tests. However this sample's mutagenicity apparently decreased from
borderline moderate/high for test 1 (coal fuel) to borderline low/moderate
for test 2 (coal/PET fuel). This observation is consistent with the
decreased leachate concentrations of arsenic and beryllium noted in
Table 4-2, and confirms that the addition-of waste PET to the boiler's coal
fuel may have had the beneficial effect of decreasing the potential
environmental hazard posed by this discharge.
The positive Ames responses for the XAD-2 extracts noted above are
typical for XAD-2 from SASS tests of combustion sources. Current studies
sponsored by EPA's Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory/Research
4-7
-------
Triangle Park are Investigating whether such responses are due to artifact
compounds formed when combustion product gas containing NOX is passed over
XAD-2 resin.
4.3 SUMMARY
A comprehensive emissions and discharge stream testing program was
performed on a stoker coal-fired commercial boiler. Two tests were
performed: one with the boiler firing its standard coal fuel (test 1) and
one with a fuel mixture containing the standard coal with about 16 percent by
weight of granulated waste polyethylene terephthalate (PET) beverage bottles
added (test 2).
NOX and total unburned hydrocarbon (TUHC) emissions from the boiler
(corrected to 3 percent 03) averaged 286 and 214 ppm and <2 and 3 ppm,
respectively, for test 1 and 2, respectively. These apparent differences are
not considered significant. Similarly, solid particulate emissions
(downstream of the unit's cyclone collector) were comparable for both tests
at 54 mg/dscm for test 1 and 69 mg/dscm for test 2. The emitted particle
size distribution was also apparently unchanged between the two tests.
Sulfur oxides emission concentrations decreased with the coal/PET fuel
in keeping with the lowered sulfur content of this fuel. S0£ emissions
decreased from 930 ppm in test 1 to 640 ppm in test 2 and $03 emissions
decreased from 4.4 ppm in test 1 to 2.5 ppm in test 2 (all corrected to
3 percent 02). On a mass emission basis, sulfur oxide mass output was nearly
the same for the two tests. CO emissions were also decreased from an average
of 184 ppm in test 1 to 81 ppm (corrected to 3 percent 02) in test 2 due
probably to higher excess air in test 2.
4-8
-------
N20 levels in the flue gas at 57 ppm for test 1 and 90 ppm for test 2
(3 percent 02) corresponded to 20 to 40 percent of respective boiler NOX
emissions, in the range noted in other tests of external combustion sources.
HC1 emissions were measured at 336 ppm (3 percent 02) for test 2. This
level is almost three times that which can be accounted for by the fuel input
chlorine. Other evidence suggests that an inorganic chloride was introduced
into the flue gas beyond that corresponding to the fuel input.
Emissions of most trace elements from the boiler were comparable for
both tests with a few notable exceptions. Apparent emissions of chromium,
iron, nickel and sodium were significantly higher for test 2. However, as
noted above, the evidence available suggests that some corrosive compound
such as sodium chloride was introduced into the boiler during this test. If
this were the case the high levels of chromium, iron, and nickel apparently
measured would be attributable to corrosion of the flue gas sampling train's
stainless steel parts. The fact that the HC1 emission measurement gave
higher HC1 emissions than could be accounted for by the fuel input supports
the hypothesis that some unknown inorganic chloride source came into play for
this test.
These factors aside, lead emissions from the boiler were significantly
higher with the mixed coal/PET fuel than for the coal fuel alone. This
emissions increase is directly attributable to the inexplicable lead content
of the PET additive in the coal/PET fuel. This significance of the increased
lead emission deserves further study, especially in light of the fact that
the cited test 2 lead emission concentration represents an estimate as noted
in Section 4.1 (and 3.2) above.
4-9
-------
The trace element compostion of corresponding ash samples for both tests
(flue gas participate, bottom ash, and cyclone hopper ash) were comparable
(with the exception of lead, discussed above). Aqueous leachates of the
cyclone hopper ash samples had significantly higher trace element and
Teachable anion concentrations than aqueous leachates of bottom ash samples.
The bottom ash leachate trace element and leachable anion concentrations were
comparable for both tests. However, the cyclone hopper ash leachate for
test 2 had consistently lower levels of most trace elements, especially the
recognized toxic elements regulated as priority water pollutants, than the
cyclone hopper ash leachate for test 1.
Total organic emissions from the boiler were comparable for both tests
at 950 ug/dscm for test 1 and 1,200 yg/dscm for test 2. About 90 percent of
the emitted organic was in the nonvolatile boiling point range (boiling point
nominally greater than 300°C). Infrared spectromety and liquid column
chromatography analyses suggest that flue gas organic emissions and the
organic fraction of the cyclone hopper ash were composed chiefly of aliphatic
hydrocarbons and oxygenerated hydrocarbons such as carboxylic acids,
aldehydes, ketones, and/or alcohols for both tests. Only the presence of
aliphatic hydrocarbons was indicated in the organic fraction of the bottom
ash samples for both tests.
Of the semivolatile organic priority pollutants analyzed in flue gas
samples, only the presence of naphthalene at a flue gas concentration of
2.2 yg/dscm was confirmed for test 1. Emissions of naphthalene were
increased to 16 ug/dscm in test 2. In addition, emissions of phenanthrene,
fluoranthene, and phenol were quantitated for test 2 at 3, 2.2, and
20 yg/dscm respectively. Several phthalate esters were detected in the
4-10
-------
test 2 flue gas at levels ranging from 0.4 to 6 yg/dscm. Such levels in SASS
train samples are often described to contamination. However, since they were
only detected in test 2 samples and would be expected with the combustion of
PET, the levels measured are likely to represent actual emissions.
Flue gas sampling for volatile organic priority pollutants was performed
in test 2 only. Several chlorinated C^ and 62 aliphatic chdrocarbons,
chlorobenzene, toluene, and ethylbenzene were detected in the flue gas for
this test at levels in the less than 1 to 25 ng/dscm range. The substituted
benzene compounds (toluene and ethylbenzene) have been found to be relatively
common constituents of combustion source flue gas. Similarly the chlorinated
i
GI and C2 aliphatics and chlorobenzene are common constituents when chlorine
(even inorganic chlorides) is introduced into the combustion process. The
fact that these chlorinated compounds were detected in test 2 further
supports the above-noted hypothesis that an inorganic chloride was
inadventently introduced into the boiler during test 2.
Results of bioassay testing of samples collected for both tests showed
that the SASS train sorbent module extracts for both tests were of moderate
to high Ames mutagenicity and CHO toxicity. This is a relatively common
bioassay response for combustion source SASS tests. The bottom ash for both
tests had nondetectable mutagenicity and toxicity. The cyclone hopper ash
i
for both tests had nondetectable toxicity. However, this discharge's Ames
mutagenicity decreased from moderate to high in test 1 (coal fuel) to low to
moderate in test 2 (coal/PET fuel). This is consistent with the relatively
lower trace element content (especially of arsenic and beryllium) of the
test 2 cyclone ash aqueous leachate compared to the test 1 cyclone ash
leachate.
4-11
-------
REFERENCES FOR SECTION 4
4-1. "Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents 1n
the Work Environment with Intended Changes for 1983-84," American
Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, Cincinnati, Ohio,
1983.
4-2. OSHA Safety and Health Standards, 29 CFR 1910, Subpart Z.
4-3. 45 CFR 79318, November 28, 1980.
4-4. Brusick, D. J., and R. R. Young, "IERL-RTP Procedures Manual: Level 1
Environmental Assessment, Biological Tests," EPA-600/8-81-024, NTIS
PB 81-228966, October 1981.
4-12
-------
SECTION 5
TEST QUALITY ASSURANCE ACTIVITIES
Quality assurance (QA) activities implemented during this test included:
• Submitting a blind duplicate sample for inorganic trace element
analyses by spark source mass spectrometry (SSMS), atomic absorption
spectroscopy (AAS), and the other methods used
• Submitting a blind audit sample (MBS 1633a flyash) for inorganic
trace element analyses by SSMS, AAS, and the other methods used
• Submitting a blind duplicate sample for ultimate analysis (C, H, 0,
N, S, Cl, ash, moisture)
• Analyzing the test 2 (coal/PET fuel) sorbent module extract in
duplicate for total chromatographable organics (TCO) and for the
semivolatile organic priority pollutants by gas chromatography/mass
spectrometry (GC/MS)
• Analyzing blind EPA-EMSL audit S02 samples along with the laboratory
analyses of the Method 8 samples collected
Results of these QA activities ar?e discussed in the following subsections.
5.1 TRACE ELEMENT ANALYSES PRECISION AND ACCURACY
Duplicate samples of the boiler bottom ash from test 2 were submitted to
the laboratory retained to perform inorganic analyses by SSMS, AAS, and other
backup methods. Trace element concentrations for those elements quantitated
by SSMS in each sample are given in Table 5-1. As indicated in the table,
5-1
-------
TABLE 5-1. RESULTS OF SSMS ANALYSIS OF DUPLICATE
TEST 2 BOTTOM ASH SAMPLES
Concentration (yg/g)
Element
Antimony
Arsenic
Beryl 1 i um
Bromine
Cadmium
Cerium
Cesium
Chlorine
Chromi um
Cobalt
Copper
Dysprosium
Erbium
Europium
Gadolinium
Gallium
Germanium
Hafnium
Holmium
lodi ne
Lanthanum
Lead
Lutetium
Manganese
Molybdenum
Neodymium
Nickel
Niobium
Praseodymium
Rubidium
Sample 1
15
7
24
5
4
42
5
36
220
110
48
8
4
4
8
63
4
5
5
0.7
66
52
0.9
72
16
32
150
15
10
25
Sample 2
29
8
10
6
0.6
49
<0.2
230
430
64
110
7
3
2
5
28
3
3
5
3
56
17
0.4
42
9
42
220
39
22
22
Relative
standard
deviation
(percent)
45
9.4
58
13
105
11
135
103
46
37
55
9.4
20
47
33
54
20
35
0
88
12
72
54
37
40
19
27
63
53
9.0
(continued)
5-2
-------
TABLE 5-1.
(continued)
Concentration (ug/g)
Element
Samarium
Scandium
Selenium
Silver
Strontium
Tantalum
Tellurium
Terbium
Thallium
Thorium
Thulium
Tin
Tungsten
Uranium
Vanadium
Ytterbium
Yttrium
Zinc
Zirconium
Sample 1
15
41
17
0.6
510
5
0.3
3
4
31
1
2
4
22
24
7
62
23
92
Sample 2
11
73
18
0.3
400
2
<0.2
2
<0.4
32
1
2
2
16
140
4
41
55
270
Relative
standard
deviation
(percent)
22
40
4.0
47
17
66
28
28
116
2.2
0
0
47
22
100
39
29
58
70
Average
42
5-3
-------
the relative standard deviation (RSD) of the results for the duplicate
determination ranged from 0 to 135 percent, with an average of 42 percent.
No project QA goal has been formally set for this measurement. However,
Level 1 guidelines suggest that analytical techniques should be accurate to
within a factor of 2 or 3 (Ref. 5-1). If the same goal is prescribed for
method precision, then acceptable RSD's among replicate measurements would be
47 (factor of 2) to 71 (factor of 3) percent. The average precision obtained
was within 42 percent, within this goal. Of 49 elements quantitated using
SSMS, 33 measurements had RSD's of less than 47 percent, and 42 had RSO's of
less than 71 percent.
Not all elements were quantitated using SSMS in the tests reported.
Level 1 methodology specifies using cold vapor AAS for mercury. In addition,
several elements were assayed at levels greater than the quantitation limit
of the method by SSMS (and therefore reported as major components). For
these elements AAS, or other appropriate techniques (e.g., turbidometrie for
sulfur, and colorimetric phosphorus), were used. Table 5-2 summarizes the
method precision data obtained for elements quantitated by these other
methods through duplicate sample analyses. As indicated in the table, RSD's
ranged from 0 to 94 percent, with an overall average of 21 percent. RSD's
for the AAS analyses only ranged from 0 to 55 percent with an average of
15.6 percent.
The project precision goal for mercury analysis by cold vapor AAS is
10 percent. This goal was not achieved as noted in Table 5-2. However, in
sample 1, mercury was reported present at less than the method detection
limit and in sample 2 at just twice the detection limit. Expecting to attain
5-4
-------
TABLE 5-2. RESULTS OF DUPLICATE TEST 2 BOTTOM ASH ANALYSES
BY AAS AND WET CHEMICAL METHODS
Concentration
Element
Al umi num
Barium
Calcium
Iron
Lithium
Magnesium
Mercury
Phosphorus
Potassium
Silicon
Sodium
Sulfur
Titanium
(percent by
Sample 1
16.43
0.0985
2.59
3.86
0.0054
0.47
<0.01
0.10
1.14
21.27
0.52
0.54
0.74
Average
Average
weight)
Sample 2
16.84
0.10
1.14
3.94
0.0075
0.34
0.02
0.09
1.20
20.88
0.42
0.11
0.74
AAS RSD
RSD
Relative
standard
deviation3
(percent)
1.7
1.1
55
1.5
23
23
47
7.4D
3.6
1.3
15
94C
0
15.6
21.0
aAnalysis method was AAS unless noted
bTitrimetric/colorimetric method
cTurbidimetric method
5-5
-------
the QA objective of 10 percent precision at the method detection limit is
not realistic.
The project precision goals for arsenic and antimony analyses by hydride
generation MS of SASS train impinger solutions is 30 percent (Ref. 3-2). If
this level is accepted as appropriate for other AAS measurements, then all
AAS measurements except that of calcium met this goal, as did both average
RSD's. The RSD for the sulfur analysis also exceeded this goal, as well as
the general (factor of 2 or 3) Level 1 goal.
In addition to duplicate analyses to establish method precision, an
*
audit sample consisting of NBS 1633a flyash was submitted to the inorganic
analysis laboratory to assess method accuracy. Table 5-3 summarizes the
trace components analysis results as reported by SSMS. As indicated, the
difference between the reported concentrations and the NBS values ranged from
-12 to -95 percent, with one positive difference of 26 percent (i.e., in all
except this one element the SSMS reported concentration was less, often
significantly less, than the NBS value). The average absolute value of the
differences was 66 percent.
The stated Level 1 accuracy goal is a factor of 2 to 3. This would
correspond to a difference of -50 to +100 (factor of 2) to -67 to
+200 percent. Of the 26 elements reported in Table 5-3, only 11 had implied
accuracy of with a factor of 3, although the overall average implied accuracy
was just with a factor of 3.
Table 5-4 summarizes the major component (from the initial SSMS analysis
report) analysis results obtained using AAS on the audit sample submitted.
Implied accuracy was much better using this technique. Here, negative
differences ranged from -0.5 to -31 percent; while positive differences
5-6
-------
TABLE 5-3. AUDIT SAMPLE (NBS 1633a FLYASH)
SSMS ANALYSIS RESULTS
Concentration (ug/g)
Element
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Nickel
Lead
Rubidium
Selenium
Strontium
Thorium
Thallium
Uranium
Zinc
Antimony
Barium
Beryllium
Cerium
Cobalt
Cesium
Europium
Gallium
Hafnium
Magnanese
Molybdenum
Scandium
Vanadium
Reported
18
0.8
42
14
31
32
28
13
210
. 14
3
9
24
5
310
5
30
10
4
1
19
1
9
6
15 ,
44
NBS
certified value
145
1.0
196
118
127
72.4
131
10.3
830
24.7
5.7
10.2
220
NBS value
but not certified
7
1,500
12
180
46
11
4
58
7.6
190
29
40
300
Percent
difference
-88
-20
-79
-88
-76
-56
-79
26
-75
-43
-47
-12
-89
-29
-79
-58
-83
-78
-64
-75
-67
-87
-95
-79
-63
-85
Average absolute percent difference 66
5-7
-------
TABLE 5-4. AUDIT SAMPLE (NBS 1633a FLYASH)
AAS ANALYSIS RESULTS
Concentration
(percent by weight)
Element
Reported
NBS
certified value
Percent
difference
Calcium 1.28 1.11 15.3
Iron 9.35 9.40 -0.5
Potassium 1.75 1.88 -6.9
Magnesium 0.47 0.455 3.3
Sodium 0.24 0.17 41.2
Silicon 21.43 22.8 -6.0
Mercury 0.000011 0.000016 -31.3
NBS value
but not certified
Aluminum
Titanium
13.57
0.76
14
0.8
-3.1
-5.0
Average absolute percent difference4 10.2
Excluding mercury, which has a different accuracy
goal
5-8
-------
ranged from 3.2 to 41 percent. The project QA accuracy goal for mercury
analysis by cold vapor AAS is ±20 percent (Ref. 5-2). This goal was not
achieved, as shown in Table 5-4. The project QA accuracy goal for arsenic
and antimony analyses by hydride generation AAS is ±30 percent. If this
latter is acceptable as appropriate for flame AAS, the technique used for all
elements noted in Table 5-4 except mercury, this goal was achieved for all
element analyses except sodium. The average absolute value of the
differences was 12.5 percent, within the accepted accuracy goal.
Interestingly, elements for which AAS analytical accuracy was poor
(calcium, sodium, and mercury) were generally the same as those for which
precision was poor (see Table 5-3).
To summarize the results of test QA activities performed for the
inorganic analyses:
• The average precision of the SSMS analyses as determined by
duplicate sample analyses for 50 elements was 42 percent, within the
assumed goal of 71 percent, however the precision for 7 of the
49 elements determined by SSMS exceeded 71 percent
• The average absolute accuracy of the SSMS analysis as determined by
analysis of an audit sample was 66 percent just with an assumed goal
of 67 percent; however, of 26 elements in the audit sample
i
determined by SSMS, only 11 elements were reported within an assumed
accuracy goal of -67 to +100 percent
• The average precision of the AAS analyses as determined by
duplicate sample analyses was 21 percent within an assumed precision
goal of 30 percent; of 11 elements determined by AAS, 9 measurements
were within the assumed precision goal
5-9
-------
• The average absolute accuracy of the flame AAS analyses as
determined by analysis of an audit sample was 10 percent, well
within an assumed accuracy goal of ±30 percent; of eight elements
determined by flame AAS, seven were accurate within ±30 percent (in
fact within ±20 percent)
• The accuracy of the mercury determination as measured by analysis of
an audit sample was -31 percent, which failed the project QA goal of
±20 percent; the precision of the mercury determination, at
47 percent, exceeded the QA objective of 10 percent; however this
occured right at the method detection limit of 0.01 ug/g.
• The precision of the phosphorus determination as determined by
duplicate sample analysis was 7.4 percent, well within a realistic
precision goal for this analysis
• The precision of the sulfur determination by turbidimetry was
94 percent, which would fail a realistic precision goal
Overall, the AAS and colorimetrfc (for phosphorus) analyses gave
generally acceptable precision and accuracy. All except one determination
(excluding the mercury analysis) met assumed goals; this approaches
90 percent completeness, another appropriate goal for these analyses. The
mercury analyses had unacceptable accuracy, and the turbidimetric sulfur
analysis had unacceptable precision.
The SSMS analyses had marginally acceptable precision (average precision
within an assumed goal, and 42 of 49 individual determination within the same
goal), but unacceptable accuracy (only 11 of 26 determinations within an
appropriate accuracy goal). With respect to this latter, the audit sample
submitted for analysis was an NBS flyash prepared in April 1979. NBS states
5-10
-------
that the long-term (>3 years) stability of the material had not been
established. Conceivably, assay values for certain elements might have
changed from those documented. Interestingly, the SSMS analyses, which had
poor implied accuracy, were of elements present in trace quantities (order
ppm). Still, it must be concluded that there were data quality problems in
the SSMS analyses performed in this test.
These apparent data quality problems should have no effect on the
conclusions derived from the SSMS analyses performed in this test. The trace
element conclusions stated in Section 4.3 were:
• Boiler trace element emissions with the exception of lead were
comparable for both tests
« The trace element composition of corresponding ash samples for both
test were comparable, again with the notable exception of lead
« Cyclone hopper ash leachate samples for both tests had significantly
higher trace element content than bottom ash leachate samples
• The test 2 (coal/PET fuel) cyclone hopper ash leachate had
consistently lower levels of most trace elements than the cyclone
hopper ash leachate from test 1 (coal fuel)
The relatively poor implied accuracy of the SSMS analyses would not affect
the first three conclusions, except for the lead exception noted. However,
i
high lead levels in the SASS particulate were quantitated using AAS analysis,
which did meet appropriate QA objectives for precision and accuracy. The
fourth conclusion was based on factor of 3 or greater differences in noted
concentrations. The fact that this was consistently observed and consistent
with bioassay test results suggests that it also remains a valid conclusion
5-11
-------
not significantly affected by a failure to attain uniform factor of 3
apparent accuracy in SSMS analyses.
5.2 ULTIMATE ANALYSIS PRECISION
Duplicate samples of the cyclone hopper ash sample for test 1 (coal
fuel) were submitted to the laboratory retained for proximate, ultimate, and
heating value analyses. Results of the duplicate ultimate analyses are
summarized in Table 5-5. Although there is no project QA goal for this
analysis, results in Table 5-5 show that average measurement precision was
better than 5 percent, all determinations had individual precision of better
than 20 percent, and, in fact, all determination except one had individual
precision of better than 5 percent.
TABLE 5-5. RESULTS OF DUPLICATE TEST 1 CYCLONE
HOPPER ASH ULTIMATE ANALYSES
Concentration
(percent by
weight, dry basis
unless noted) Relative
standard
Component
Carbon
Hydrogen
Nitrogen
Sulfur
Chloride
Ash
Moisture3
Sample 1
30.90
1.40
1.00
4.50
51,06
0.20
8.73
Sample 2
30.90
1.07
1.06
4.60
48.39
0.19
8.97
Average
deviation
(percent)
0
18.9
4.1
1.6
3.8
3.6
1.9
4.8
aAs received
5-12
-------
5.3 ORGANIC ANALYSIS PRECISION
Two allquots of the SASS train organic sorbent module extract were
subjected to TCO and to GC/MS analysis for the semi volatile organic priority
pollutants. Results of the duplicate analyses are given in Table 5-6. As
noted, the precision of the TCO analysis was 16 percent, which just fails the
project QA objective of 10 percent (Ref. 5-2). This failure has little
impact on test conclusions. These conclusions are that total organic
emissions from the boiler were comparable for both tests and composed mostly
TABLE 5-6. RESULTS OF DUPLICATE TEST 2 ORGANIC SORBENT
MODULE EXTRACT ORGANIC ANALYSES
Concentration
(wg/train) Relative
standard
deviation
Component Aliquot 1 Aliquot 2 (percent)
Total chromatographable 3.5 2.8 16
organics (TCO)
Semi volatile organic
priority pollutants:
Naphthalene
Phenol
Phenanthrene
Fluoranthene
Bis(2-ethylhexyl)
phthalate
Diethyl phthalate
0.35
0.45
0.07
0.05
0.14
0.15
0.44
0.54
0.08
0.06
0.07
0.15
16
13
9
13
47
0
Average semivolatile
organic priority pollutants 20
5-13
-------
(about 90 percent) of nonvolatile (gravimetric) organic. Only gravimetric
analyses were performed on ash samples.
Table 5-6 shows that the average precision of the GC/MS analysis was
20 percent, well within the project QA objective of 50 percent (Ref. 5-2).
Individual compound measurement precision ranged from 0 to 47 percent, all
within the QA goal. In fact all individual compound determinations except
one (of six) had a precision of better than 20 percent.
5.4 METHOD 8 LABORATORY ANALYSIS ACCURACY
Two blind audit samples obtained from EPA's Environmental Monitoring and
Support Laboratory (EMSL) were submitted along with the field Method 8
samples for laboratory analysis via barium-thorin titration. Results of the
analyses of these samples are summarized in Table 5-7. As shown, laboratory
analytical accuracy was within less than ±5 percent for all audit samples.
In fact accuracy was within ±1 percent for two of the three samples analyzed.
TABLE 5-7. METHOD 8 AUDIT SAMPLE ANALYSIS RESULTS
S02 concentration
(mg/dscm)
Lot 0282
Sample number
4xxx
8xxx
9xxx
Reported
395.4
2,345.4
873.5
Actual from
EMSL
381.3
2,325.9
877.0
Percent
difference
3.7
0.8
-0.4
5-14
-------
REFERENCES FOR SECTION 5
5-1. Lentzen, D. E., etal., "IERL-RTP Procedures Manual: Level 1
Environmental Assessment (Second Edition)," EPA-600/7-78-201,
NTIS PB293795, October 1978.
5-2. "Quality Assurance Plan for the Combustion Modification Environmental
Assessment," prepared under EPA Contract No. 68-02-3188, September 10,
1982.
5-15
-------
APPENDIX A
SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS METHODS
Emissions test equipment was provided by Acurex Corporation. Onsite
equipment included a continuous monitoring system for emissions measurements
of 02, C02, and gaseous criteria pollutants; a combined EPA Method 5/8 train
for particulate, S02, and SOa emissions; the SASS train for particulate mass
and size distribution, trace element, and semivolatile and nonvolatile
organic emissions; a VOST train for volatile organic emissions; a sampling
train for HC1 measurement; and gas grab sampling equipment for determining
N20 emissions by laboratory gas chromatography. The following sections
summarize the sampling and analysis equipment and methods used in the field
and laboratory.
A.I CONTINUOUS MONITORING SYSTEM
Rack-mounted monitors and recorders located in a mobile emission
laboratory were used for continuous measurement of 02, C02, NOX, CO, and
total unburned hydrocarbon (TUHC). Figure A-l illustrates the continuous
flue gas extractive sampling system and monitors arrangement. Flue gas was
drawn through an in-stack filter and a heated stainless steel probe to a gas
conditioning and refrigeration system designed to remove water. An unheated
line was then used to bring the conditioned gas to the monitors. Calibration
gases were used to monitor and correct the drift in the instruments. The
A-l
-------
1. In situ filter 0.6u 99.999 percent efficient
2. Exhaust duct
J. 316 stainless steel probe
4. Four pass conditioner-dryer, 316 stainless steel interndls
5. 3/8-inch unheated Teflon
6. Teflon-lined sample pump
7. 3/8-inch heated teflon
8. Rotameter
9. 1/4-inch Teflon tubing
10. Calibration gas manifold
II. Calibration gas selector valve
12. Calibration gas cylinders
13. Backpressure regulator
r\>
Ixhdust
Duct
Figure A-l. Continuous monitoring system.
-------
calibration gases follow the same path as the flue gas being monitored in
both are conditioned at the stack prior to analysis. Table A-l lists the
instrumentation constituting the continuous monitoring and flue gas
extractive sampling system used in this test program.
A. 2 PARTICULATE AND SULFUR OXIDE EMISSIONS
Particulate mass emissions were measured in accordance with
EPA Reference Method 5 and S02 and 503 emissions were measured in accordance
with EPA Reference Method 8. A combined Method 5/8 train employing the
Acurex High Volume Stack Sampler (HVSS), illustrated schematically in
Figure A-2, was used in this program. A glass-lined stainless-steel probe
was used to isokinetically extract the gas sample from the stack.
Particulate was removed by a heated 142 mm {5.6 in.) diameter glass fiber
filter. Both the filter and the sampling probes were maintained at 120°C
(250Y) as specified by Method 5.
The impinger train consisted of four glass impingers with a fritted
glass filter placed between the first and second impingers as specified by
Method 8. The first impinger contained 100 ml of 80 percent isopropanol
(20 percent water); the second and third impingers contained 100 ml of
3 percent I^Og in water; and the fourth impinger contained 200g of silica
gel.
Solid particulate emissions were determined by gravimetric analysis of
the probe wash and the heated glass fiber filter.
SOg and 503 emissions were measured by titration of the impinger
solutions per EPA Method 8. Sulfuric acid mist and any vapor phase $03 is
trapped in the isopropanol impinger with the backup filter trapping any
A-3
-------
TABLE A-l. CONTINUOUS MONITORING EQUIPMENT IN THE MOBILE LABORATORY
Instrument
NO
NOX
CO
TUHC
C02
02
Sample gas
conditioner
Strip chart
recorder
Principle of
operation Manufacturer
Chemi luminescence Thermo Electron
Nondispersive ANARAD
infrared (NDIR)
Flame ionization Beckman
detector
Nondispersive ANARAD
infrared (NDIR)
Fuel cell Teledyne
Refrigerant Hankinson
dryer-condenser
Dual pen Linear
analog
Instrument
model Range
10 AR 0-100 ppm
0-500 ppm
0-1,000 ppm
0-5,000 ppm
500R 0-1,000 ppm
400 0-10 ppm
0-100 ppm
0-1000 ppm
AR500 0-20 percent
0-5 percent
0-25 percent
E-4G-SS 10 scfm
400 0-10 mV
0-100 mV
0-1V
0-10V
A-4
-------
-Sample nozzle
en
142 mm (diameter)
filter
Fritted
glass
filter
AP Magnehelic
gauge
Gas meter thermocouples
Fine adjustment
bypass valve
\
AH orifice
plate ~\
Digital temperature
indicator
Orifice AH
Magneheli c
Control module
Dry test meter
Check
valve
Implnger
thermocouple
Silica gel
dessicant
Modified
Smith-Greenberg
impinger
Vacuum line
Vacuum gauge
Coarse adjustment valve
Airtight vacuum pump
Figure A-2. Schematic of particulate and SOK sampling train
(EPA Method 5 and 8).
-------
carryover mist. S02 is absorbed in the H2Q2 impingers. After completion of
a test, the filter was rinsed with isopropanol and the rinse solution added
to the isopropanol impinger solution. Absorbed $03 in the isopropanol and
S0£ in the #2^2 were determined separately by barium-thorin titration.
A.3 TRACE ELEMENT AND ORGANIC EMISSIONS
Emissions of inorganic trace elements and organic compounds were sampled
with the source assessment sampling system (SASS). Designed for Level 1
environmental assessment (Reference A-l), the SASS collects large quantities
of gas and solid samples required for subsequent analyses of inorganic and
organic emissions as well as particle size measurement.
The SASS, illustrated in Figure A-3, is generally similar to the system
utilized for total particulate mass emission tests (HVSS) with the exception
of:
• Particulate cyclones heated in the oven with the filter to 230°C
(4508F)
• The addition of a gas cooler and organic sampling module
• The addition of necessary vacuum pumps
Schematics outlining the sampling and analytical procedures using the
SASS equipment are presented in Figures A-4 and A-5. The following
paragraphs briefly describe analytical procedures used in measuring stack
outlet trace elements and organic emissions.
•
Inorganic analyses of solid and liquid samples from the SASS train were
performed with spark source mass spectroscopy (SSMS) for most of the trace
elements. Atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) was used for analyses of
volatile mercury (Hg), antimony (Sb), and arsenic (As) and for backup
analyses for those elements identified as major components by SSMS. Other
A-6
-------
Heated oven
filter
Stainless
steel
sample
nozzle
Stack T.C.
Stack
velocity
AP magneheltci
gauges |
1/2" Teflo
line
Isolation
ball valve
Organic module
Stainless steel
probe assembly
Gas temperature T.C.
1/2" Teflon line
-iiH
Oven T.C.
5-type pilot
tube
Sorbent cartridge
Heater controller
"Tefbn
Condensate
collector vessefl
hup/cooler trace
element collector-^
das niclcr T.C.
Coarse adjustment
orifice plate
Vacuum gauge
Fine adjustment
valve
Orifice All
uiagnehel ic
gauge
vacuum pumps
(10 fttynin each)
Dry test meter
Control module
Impinger
T.C.
Ice bath
600 grams
.silica gel
desleant
500 ml
0.2 H AgNOi
0.2 M (NH4)2
500 ml
301 H202
Heavy wall
vacuum line
Figure A-3. SASS train schematic.
-------
_F«
2-
5
Ul
(3 CJ
K»2
uj 5
21
•»« •§
S
§5
u a
« a
c
X
x
S
s
Q
a
< o *
S 2 2
>
£ 1
SAMPLE
^., i*Yf»1 flue --
SORBENT CARTRIDGE —
AQUEOUS CONOENSATE
FIRST IMPINGER
^2 ^^ SPLIT
^^* paint.
Thn mo • required to define the tout men of paniculate catch. If the sunple eac.edi 10% of the taal cyclone i
litter ample weight proceed to (rwlynm. If the simple n Ian then 10% of the catch, hold i
S 1
Figure A-4. Flue gas analysis protocol for SASS samples.
A-8
-------
Figure A-5. Flue gas analysis protocol.
-------
major component backup methods used were specific ion electrode for chlorine
and fluorine, colorimetric for boron and phosphorus, and either turbidimetric
or x-ray fluorescence for sulfur.
Quantitative information on total organic emissions was obtained by gas
chromatography for total chromatographable organics (TCO) and by gravimetry
(GRAY) of particulate, sorbent module (XAD-2), and condensate trap organic
extracts. Infrared spectroscopy (IR) of extract sample GRAY residues was
used for identification or organic functional groups. Gas
chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was used to quantitate the
semivolatile organic priority pollutant species in extract samples. This
class contains several of the polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)
compounds of interest from combustion sources. Figure A-6 illustrates the
organic analysis methodology followed.
Total sample extracts containing total (TCO + GRAY) organic content of
greater than 15 mg were further analyzed via liquid column (LC)
chromatography. This analysis separates the organic components into seven
polarity fractions. TCO, GRAY, and IR analyses were performed on each eluted
fraction.
Specifics of the Level 1 methodology followed (with extension) are
detailed in Ref. A-l.
A.4 N20 EMISSIONS
Stack gas samples for laboratory analysis for N20 were collected by a
grab sampling procedure using the apparatus illustrated in Figure A-7. The
equipment consisted of a heated, 0.64-cm (1/4-in.) OD pyrex-lined,
stainless-steel probe fitted with a 0.7-ym sintered stainless steel filter
at the probe inlet. The outlet of the probe was directly attached to a
A-10
-------
Organic Extract
or
Neat Organic Liquid
TCO Analysis
Concentrate
Extract
GC/MS Analysis,
POK, and other
organic species
±
In'rared Analysis
Gravimetric
Aliquot containing
15-100 mg
Sol vent
Exchanae
8
Repeat TCO
Analysis
if necessary
Infrared Analysis
Liquid
Chromatograonic
Separation
t t t
Seven Fractions
Mass Snectra
Analysis
TCO
Gravimetric
Analysis
Figure A-6. Organic analysis methodology.
A-ll
-------
0.7 um sintered stainless-steel filter
l/4-1n. stainless-steel
probe
Teflon diaphragm pump
Pressure gauge
Inlet valve
500-cm stainless-steel
sample cylinder
Ceramic Insulation -^
and heat tape
Resistive heat tape
Outlet
valve
Thermocouple
Proportional
voltage
controller
Figure A-7. NgO sampling system.
-------
diaphragm vacuum pump which was in turn attached to a 500-ml heated stainless
steel sampling cylinder. The sampling cylinder was insulated with heat tape
powered by a varying voltage controller. The heated jacket kept the sample
gas above the dew point to minimize sample loss due to water condensation.
Prior to sampling, the gas cylinder was purged with stack gas for 3 min and
then sealed. The trapped flue gas was then transported to the laboratory for
analysis. For the analysis, each sample cylinder was externally heated to
120*C (250°F), then a 1-ml sample was withdrawn with a gas-tight syringe for
injection into a gas chromatograph. The analytical equipment consisted of a
gas chromatograph equipped with a 63Ni electron capture detector and a 5.5m
(18-ft) stainless-steel column packed for 3.7m (12-ft) with Poropak R
80/100 mesh and 1.8m (6-ft) with Poropak Super Q. The injector temperature
was kept at 120°C, the detector at 350°C, and the column temperature at 39°C.
Elution time for NgO was approximately 7.5 min.
A.5 VOLATILE ORGANIC EMISSIONS
A volatile organic sampling train (YOST), shown schematically in
Figure A-8, was used to measure the low molecular weight volatile organic
compounds (boiling points <110°C) in the flue gas according to the EPA
protocol (Ref. A-2). The train consists of two organic sorbent traps
connected in series. The first trap contained ~1.6g of the porous polymer
Tenax-GC; 35/60 mesh. The second trap contained ~1.0g each of Tenax-GC and
petroleum-based charcoal. Prior to their use in the field, each trap was
conditioned to remove organic compounds. Conditioning consisted of baking
each trap at 190°C with a N2 purge for an 8-hour period. The traps were then
desorbed at 190eC directly into a GC/FID. If a trap showed no contaminant
A-13
-------
'V bore stopcock
Glass wool
participate
filter
Stack
(or test
system)
Charcoal
backflush trap
Thermocouple
insert port
Condensate
trap impinger
Empty
impinger
Exhaust
Figure A-8. Schematic of volatile organic sampling train (YOST),
A-14
-------
peaks greater than 20 ng as benzene or toluene, it was sealed at each end
with compression fittings, and considered ready for sampling.
Before the field testing, the entire system was leak-checked at ~15 to
20-in. of vacuum. A leakage rate of 0.05 liter/min was considered
acceptable. Ambient air was drawn through a charcoal-filled tube to prevent
organic contamination while bringing the system back to ambient pressure.
One pair of sample traps and a field blank pair were obtained for the
test program. A total sample volume of 20 liters was taken over a 40-min
period (0.5 1/min). Upon completion of the test, the sample traps were
removed from the train, and sealed. All traps were analyzed by GC/MS
according to the EPA YOST protocol (Ref. A-2). Each pair of traps used was
thermally desorbed and analyzed for the EPA Method 624 (volatile) priority
pollutants.
A.6 HC1 SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS
HC1 was measured at the stack using a separate sampling train. The
train was similar to an EPA Method 6 train except that impinger solutions
were caustic based (0.1N NaOH). The concentrations of chloride ion in
impinger solutions were determined in the laboratory using a wet chemical
method (argentometric titration).
A.7 FUEL AND ASH SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS
Fuel samples were taken after each test from the fuel bin filled at the
beginning of each test day. Ash samples were collected from the boiler and
the cyclone collector hopper (a 55-gal drum) after each test.
Fuel samples were subjected to proximate, ultimate, and heating value
analysis, as well as trace element analyses using the methods noted above for
SASS train samples. Ash samples were subjected to ultimate and trace element
A-15
-------
analyses. In addition, aqueous leachates of ash samples were prepared
according to Level 1 protocol and analyzed for trace element content using
the methods noted above for SASS train samples, and for leachable anions
using ion chromatography.
REFERENCES FOR APPENDIX A
A-l. Lentzen, 0. E., eta!., "IERL-RTP Procedures Manual: Level 1
Environmental Assessment (Second Edition)," EPA-600/7-78-201,
NTIS PB293795, October 1978.
A-2. "Protocol for the Collection and Analysis of Volatile POHC's Using
VOST," EPA-600/8-84-007, NTIS PB84-170042 March 1984.
A-16
-------
APPENDIX B
TRACE ELEMENT CONCENTRATIONS
The following tables present sample trace element analysis results and
trace element discharge stream concentrations. The tables labeled "input
data" give element analysis results (vg/9 or yg/ml) for each sample analyzed.
The composition of the fuels, bottom ashes and their aqueous leachates,
cyclone hopper ashes and their aqueous leachates, and all SASS train samples
(10 + 3 um particulate, filter + 1 urn particulate, XAD-2 resin, first
impinger, and second and third impingers) are noted. Leachable anion
concentrations in leachates are also given.
The tables labeled "mass/flue volume" give the calculated flue gas
concentrations (ug/dscm) of each element corresponding to each SASS train
sample, and the SASS train sum (labeled "stack exhaust").
The tables labeled "mass/heat input" give element flowrates in ng/J heat
input. The tables labeled "mass/time" give corresponding flowrates in wg/s.
Element flowrates in the fuel input and all discharge streams (bottom ash,
cyclone hopper ash, and flue gas) as well as each component of the flue gas
SASS train sample are noted.
The final table, labeled "boiler mass balance," summarizes the total
input and output for each element and notes the ratio of the two as a measure
of mass balance closure.
B-l
-------
Symbols appearing in the tables include:
OSCM Dry standard cubic meter at 1 atm and 20°C
MCG Microgram
PPM Part per million by weight
< Less than
> Greater than
M Element not analyzed
Trace elements having concentrations less than the detectable limit or
having a blank value greater than the sample value were given an arbitrary
concentration of zero. Values in the form A < x < B were determined by
letting elements reported as less than some concentration be represented by a
concentration of zero for the low value and the reported (less than)
concentration as the high value.
Detectability limits for the various SASS, liquid, and solid stream
samples were the following:
• 10 + 3 urn particulate — 0.2 ug/g
• Filter + 1 ym paticulate — 0.1 wg/g
• XAD-2 — 0.01 to 0.2 yg/g
• Impinger solution — 0.002 to 0.006 vg/rn]
• Fuel — 0.1 to 0.2 ug/g
• Bottom ash and cyclone — 0.1 u§/9
• Ash leachates - — 0.001 to 0.002 jig/ml
The data inputs to the computer code for calculation of trace element
flowrates were the following:
B-2
-------
Test 1 (coal)
• Coal flowrate = 30 g/s
• Heating value of coal = 31,267 kJ/kg
• Gas volume sampled by SASS = 27.389 dscm
• Calculated flue gas flowrate = 0.621 dscm
« Bottom ash flowrate = 3.92 g/s
• Cyclone hopper ash flowrate = 0.12 g/s
• SASS 10 + 3 pm cyclone catch - 0.4750g
o SASS 1 urn cyclone + filter catch - 0.4166g
• XAD-2 weight = 130g
• SASS impinger 1 final volume - 610 ml
• SASS impingers 2 + 3 final volume - 1,150 ml
Test 2 (coal/PET)
• Coal/PET flowrate = 36 g/s
« Heating value of fuel = 31,044 kJ/kg
• Gas volume sampled by SASS = 24.971 dscm
» Calculated flue gas flowrate « 0.671 dscm/s
• Bottom ash flowrate = 2.42 g/s
• Cyclone hopper ash flowrate = 0.08 g/s
• SASS 10 + 3pm cyclone catch » 0.5840g
• SASS 1 pm cyclone + filter catch* - 0.5760g
« XAD-2 weight = 130g
• SASS impinger 1 final volume = 1,335 ml
• SASS impingers 2 + 3 final volume = 1,110 ml
"Estimated 1 urn cyclone weight for test 2 by analogy to test 1. The 1 pm
cyclone ash for test 2 was destroyed during transit.
B-3
-------
At standard conditions (20°C (68°F) and 1 atm), one gram molecular
weight of an ideal gas occupies 24.04 liters.
B-4
-------
ro
i
01
INPUT DATA
ELEMENT
ALUMINUM
ANTIMONY
ARSENIC
BARIUM
BERYLLIUM
BISMUTH
BORON
BROMINE
CADMIUM
CALCIUM
CERIUM
CESIUM
CHLORIDE
CHLORINE
CHROMIUM
COBALT
COPPER
DYSPROSIUM
ERBIUM
EUROPIUM
FLUORIDE
FLUORINE
GADOLINIUM
GALLIUM
GERMANIUM
HAFNIUM
HOLMIUM
IODINE
IRON
LANTHANUM
LEAD
LITHIUM
LUTETIUM
MAGNESIUM
MANGANESE
MERCURY
MOLYBDENUM
NEODYMIUM
NICKEL
NIOBIUM
NITRATE
NITRITE
PHOSPHATE
PHOSPHORUS
PLATINUM
ROCK OF AGES
TEST 1 - COAL ONLY
PPM
FUEL: COAL BOTTOM ASH
.119E405
<.100E401
.110E402
.100E403
.900E401
.000E400
.300E+02
.210E+02
.100E401
.193E404
.180E402
.500E400
.000E400
.200E404
.120E403
.800E401
.140E402
.000E+00
.000E400
.300E400
.000E+00
.830E+03
.700E+00
.160E402
.100E401
.000E400
.000E400
.100E+01
.340E404
.250E402
.300E401
.740E402
.000E400
.480E403
.800E+01
.900E-01
.270E402
.700E+01
.200E401
.120E402
.000E+00
.000E400
.000E+00
.100E+03
.000E400
.129E406
.400E401
.400E401
.350E+03
.220E402
.000E400
.310E402
.400E+01
.400E+00
.119E+05
.220E+02
.200E+01
.000E+00
.980E+02
.500E+02
.220E+02
.180E402
.300E401
.200E+01
.200E+01
.000E+00
<.100E+03
.300E+01
.100E+02
.100E+01
.300E401
.200E+01
.200E+01
.475E+05
.30CE+02
.900E+01
.120E+03
.300E+00
.460E404
. 130E+02
<.100E-01
.600E401
.140E+02
.160E+03
.900E401
.000E+00
.000E400
.000E+00
.740E+03
.000E+00
CYCLONE ASH
BOTTOM ASH LEACHATE CYCLONE ASH LEACHATE
.562E+05
.600E+01
.520E+02
.130E+03
.700E+01
.400E400
.110E+03
.490E+02
.400E+00
.670E+04
.400E+01
.400E+00
.000E+00
. 250E+03
.510E+02
.600E+01
.340E402
. 100E+01
.500E400
.400E+00
.000E+00
. 260E+03
. 900E+00
. 190E+02
.400E+01
.300E+00
. 700E+00
.300E+01
.952E+05
.600E+01
.140E+02
.790E+02
:.100E+00
. 150E+04
. 110E+02
.780E+00
.800E+01
.300E+01
. 790E+02
.400E-I-01
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
. 270E404
.000E+00
.500E400
<.400E-02
.300E-01
.600E-01
.000E+00
.000E400
.200E+00
.300E-01
.000E+00
.110E+03
.100E-02
.000E+00
.260E+01
.500E+00
.200E-01
<.100E-02
.100E-01
.000E+00
.000E400
.000E+00
. 250E+00
.400E+01
.000E+00
.100E-01
.200E-02
.000E+00
.000E+00
.200E-02
.600E-01
.000E400
<.400E-02
.300E401
.000E+00
.470E+01
.200E-02
.200E-02
.100E+00
.000E+00
.100E-01
<.100E-02
<.100E+01
<.I00E401
<.100E+01
.100E+00
.000E400
.150E404
.150E400
.410E401
.210E401
.320E400
.500E-02
.180E401
.510E400
.170E400
.180E401
.850E400
.500E-01
.300E403
.660E401
.370E401
.740E401
.180E402
.630E400
.300E400
.900E-01
.460E400
.420E402
.230E400
.650E401
.220E400
.300E-01
.400E400
.800E-02
.110E404
.120E401
.270E400
.470£401
.300E-01
.110E403
.240E402
<.100E-02
.220E400
.720E400
.400E401
. 190E400
<.100E402
<.100E402
<.100E402
.200E-01
.000E400
-------
INPUT DATA
ELEMENT
POTASSIUM
PRASEODYMIUM
RUBIDIUM
SAMARIUM
SCANDIUM
SELENIUM
SILICON
SILVER
SODIUM
STRONTIUM
SULFATE
SULFITE
SULFUR
TANTALUM
TELLURIUM
TERBIUM
THALLIUM
THORIUM
THULIUM
TIN
oa TITANIUM
' TUNGSTEN
URANIUM
VANADIUM
YTTERBIUM
YTTRIUM
ZINC
ZIRCONIUM
FUEL:
ROCK OF AGES
TEST 1 - COAL ONLY
PPM
COAL BOTTOM ASH
CYCLONE ASH BOTTOM ASH LEACHATE CYCLONE ASH LEACHATE
.116E+04
.300E+01
.500E+01
.100E+01
.350E+02
.130E+03
.187E+05
.000E+00
.520E+03
.110E+03
.000E+00
.000E+00
.100E+05
.000E+00
.000E+00
.200E+00
.000E+00
.500E+0I
.000E+00
.500E+00
.540E+03
.000E+00
.200E+01
.400E+02
.000E-MJ0
.100E+02
.530E+02
.310E+02
.124E+05
.700E+01
.800E+01
.700E+01
.300E+02
.130E+02
.212E+06
.500E+00
.560E+04
.210E+03
.000E+00
.000E+00
.320E+03
.900E+00
<.200E+00
.8C0E+00
.100E+01
. 140E+02
.200E+00
.800E+00
.680E+04
.100E401
.900E+01
.440E+02
.100E+01
.110E+02
.110E+02
.340E+02
.510E+04
.100E+01
.200E+01
.300E+01
.260E+02
.170E+03
.820E+05
.500E+00
.260E+04
.900E+02
.000E+00
.000E-I-00
.405E+05
.400E+00
.400E+00
.200E+00
.200E+01
.200E+01
.200E+00
.100E+01
.350E404
. 500E-I-00
.200E+01
.850E+02
.500E+00
.500E+01
.370E+02
.800E+01
.730E401
.000E+00
.800E-02
.000E+00
<.t00E-02
.100E+00
.400E+01
:.200E-02
..100E+02
.600E400
.300E+03
.200E402
. 110E+03
.000E+00
.000E400
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E400
.000E+00
.000E+00
. 300E+00
.000E400
.000E+00
.200E-01
.000E400
.100E-02
.300E-01
.300E-02
.140E+03
.340E+00
.630E400
.760E+00
.850E+00
.800E+00
.890E+02
.800E-02
.170E+03
.240E+02
.190E+05
.500E+04
.153E+05
.300E-01
.100E-01
.600E-01
.210E+00
.3J0E+00
.400E-01
.200E-01
.440E401
.300E-01
.690E+00
.740E+0t
.270E+00
.120E+01
.440E+02
.950E+00
-------
CD
I
INPUT DATA
ELEMENT
ALUMINUM
ANTIMONY
ARSENIC
BARIUM
BERYLLIUM
BISMUTH
BORON
BROMINE
CADMIUM
CALCIUM
CERIUM
CESIUM
CHLORIDE
CHLORINE
CHROMIUM
COBALT
COPPER
DYSPROSIUM
ERBIUM
EUROPIUM
FLUORIDE
FLUORINE
GADOLINIUM
GALLIUM
GERMANIUM
HAFNIUM
HOLMIUM
IODINE
IRON
LANTHANUM
LEAD
LITHIUM
LUTETIUM
MAGNESIUM
MANGANESE
MERCURY
MOLYBDENUM
NEODYMIUM
NICKEL
NIOBIUM
NITRATE
NITRITE
PHOSPHATE
PHOSPHORUS
PLATINUM
ROCK OF AGES
TEST 1 - COAL ONLY
PPM
10U + 3U CYCLONES 1U + FILTERS
.758E+05
.150E403
.490E+03
.190E+94
.310E+02
.600E+01
.230E+03
.220E+03
.140E+02
.132E+05
.150E+03
.110E+02
.000E+00
.850E+03
.400E+02
.640E+02
.722E403
.900E+01
.400E+01
.300E+01
.000E+00
.880E+03
.600E+01
.830E+03
.560E+02
.200E+01
.600E+01
.290E+02
.108E+06
.870E+02
.460E+03
.950E+03
.400E+00
.430E+04
.900E+03
.500E+01
.840E+02
. 280E+02
.830E+03
.480E+02
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.167E+05
.000E+00
.539E+05
.510E+02
.55CE+03
.940E+03
.290E+02
.200E+02
>.100E+04
. 250E+03
.770E+02
.111E+06
.610E+02
.400E+01
.000E+00
.470E+03
.150E+03
.100E+03
.440E+03
.300E+01
.100E+01
.300E+01
.000E+00
>.100E+04
.400E+01
.350E+03
.390E+02
.100E+01
.200E+01
.600E+01
.821E+05
.610E+02
.600E+03
>.370E+03
.300E+00
.154E+05
.670E+02
.900E-01
.650E+02
.320E+02
.210E+03
.140E+02
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
. 122E+06
.000E+00
XAD-2
FIRST IMPINGER 2ND It 3RD IMPINGERS
.250E+OI
.000E+00
.600E-01
.500E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.300E-01
.200E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E4-00
. 200E+00
.000E+00
.700E+01
.700E+00
.800E-01
.300E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.900E401
.000E+00
.000E+00
<.600E-01
.000E+00
.000E+00
.200E-01
.110E+02
.000E+00
.000E+00
.700E+00
.000E+00
.160E+02
.300E400
.200E+00
.300E+00
.000E+00
.100E+01
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E-1-00
. 140E+01
.000E+00
. 100E+00
.000E+00
<.200E-02
.270E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.500E-02
.000E+00
.500E-01
.800E+00
.000E-I-00
.000E+00
. 000E+00
.000E+00
.170E+00
.000E+00
.496E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
. 100E+00
.000E+00
.530E-01
.000E+00
. 000E-I-00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.300E+00
. 000E400
.600E400
.460E-01
.000E+00
.370E+01
.300E-01
.100E-02
.000E+00
.000E+00
. 190E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
. 000E-I-00
.000E+00
. 100E+00
.000E+00
N.000E+00
.200E-02
.000E+00
N.000E+00
N.000E+00
N.000E+00
N.000E+00
N.000E+00
N.000E+00
N.000E+00
N.000E+00
N.000E+00
.000E+00
N.000E+00
N.000E+00
N.000E+00
N.000E-J-00
N.000E+00
N.000C400
N.000E+00
.000E+00
N.000E+80
N.000E+00
N.000E+00
N.000E+00
N.000E400
N.000E+00
N.000E400
N.000E+00
N.000E+00
N.000E+00
N.000E+00
.000E+00
N.000E400
N.000E+00
.700E-02
N.000E400
N.000E400
N.000E+00
N.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
N.000E+00
.000E+00
-------
00
INPUT DATA
ELEMENT
POTASSIUM
PRASEODYMIUM
RUBIDIUM
SAMARIUM
SCANDIUM
SELENIUM
SILICON
SILVER
SODIUM
STRONTIUM
SULFATE
SULFITE
SULFUR
TANTALUM
TELLURIUM
TERBIUM
THALLIUM
THORIUM
THULIUM
TIN
TITANIUM
TUNGSTEN
URANIUM
VANADIUM
YTTERBIUM
YTTRIUM
ZINC
ZIRCONIUM
ROCK OF AGES
TEST 1 - COAL ONLY
PPM
10U 4 3U CYCLONES 1U 4 FILTERS
.117E405
.240E402
.720E402
.170E402
.730E+02
<.100E+02
.128E+06
.350E+02
.450E404
.120E404
.000E+00
.000E+00
.159E4B5
.200E401
.300E+01
.200E401
.400E402
.200E402
.800E+00
.430E402
.680E404
.800E+01
.900E401
.940E403
.300E401
.820E402
.610E403
.240E403
.439E405
.140E402
.150E402
.120E402
.100E+02
.400E+03
>.100E404
.120E402
.337E+05
.420E+03
.000E+00
.000E+00
.331£405
.200E+01
.206E+01
.100E401
.310E+02
.250E+02
.400E+00
.300E+02
.510E404
.120E402
.620E402
.660E402
.200E401
.580E402
.860E403
.680E402
XAD-2
FIRST IMPINGER
2ND k 3RD IMPINGERS
.500E401
.000E400
.100E400
.000E400
<.300E-01
.460E400
.000E400
.000E400
.120E402
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
.160E402
.000E400
.500E-01
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
.700E-01
.470E401
.000E400
.000E400
.800E-01
.000E400
.000E400
.120E401
.300E-01
.900E400
.000E400
.000E+00
.000E400
.300E-02
.940E-01
.560E401
.800E-01
.200E400
.340E-01
.000E400
.000E400
.3B0E401
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
.700E-01
.000E400
.000E400
. 100E400
.170E400
.000E400
.000E400
.500E-02
.000E400
. 000E400
. 195E401
.000E400
N.000E400
N.000E400
N.000E400
N.000E+00
N.000E+00
N.000E400
N.000E+00
N.000E400
N.000E400
N.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
N.000E400
N.000E400
N.000E400
N.000E400
N.000E400
N.000E400
N.000E400
N.000E400
N.000E400
N.000E400
N.000E400
N.000E+00
N.000E400
N.000E400
N.000E400
N.000E400
-------
CD
I
VO
MASS / FLUE VOLUME
ELEMENT
ALUMINUM
ANTIMONY
ARSENIC
BARIUM
BERYLLIUM
BISMUTH
BORON
BROMINE
CADMIUM
CALCIUM
CERIUM
CESIUM
CHLORIDE
CHLORINE
CHROMIUM
COBALT
COPPER
DYSPROSIUM
ERBIUM
EUROPIUM
FLUORIDE
FLUORINE
GADOLINIUM
GALLIUM
GERMANIUM
HAFNIUM
HOLMIUM
IODINE
IRON
LANTHANUM
LEAD
LITHIUM
LUTETIUM
MAGNESIUM
MANGANESE
MERCURY
MOLYBDENUM
NEODYMIUM
NICKEL
NIOBIUM
NITRATE
NITRITE
PHOSPHATE
PHOSPHORUS
PLATINUM
ROCK OF AGES
TEST 1 - COAL ONLY
MCG/DSCM
10U 4 3U CYCLONES 1U 4 FILTERS
.131E+04
.260E401
.850E+01
.330E402
.538E400
.104E400
.399E+01
.382E401
.243E400
.229E+03
.260E401
.191E400
.000E400
.147E402
.694E+00
.111E401
.125E402
.156E400
.694E-01
.520E-01
.000E400
.153E402
. 104E-I-00
.144E402
.971E400
.347E-01
.104E400
.503E400
.1B7E404
.151E401
.798E401
.165E402
.694E-02
.746E402
.156E402
.867E-01
.146E401
.486E400
.144E402
.832E400
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
.290E403
.000E400
.820E403
.776E400
.837E401
.143E402
.441E400
.304E400
.152E402
.380E+01
.117E+01
.168E+04
.928E+00
.608E-01
.000E+00
.715E+01
.228E+01
.152E+01
.669E+01
.456E-01
.152E-01
.456E-01
.000E+00
.152E+02
.608E-01
.532E+01
.593E+00
.152E-01
.304E-01
.913E-01
.125E+04
.928E+00
.913E+01
.563E+01
.456E-02
.234E+03
. 102E+01
.137E-02
.989E+00
.487E+00
.319E+01
.213E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.186E+04
.000E+00
XAD-2
FIRST IMPINGER
2ND & 3RD IMPINGERS
.119E+02
.000E+00
.285E+00
.237E+01
.000E+00
.000E+00
.142E+00
.949E+00
.000E400
.000E+00
.000E400
.949E400
•000E+00
.332E+02
.332E+01
.380E+00
.142E+01
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.427E+02
.000E+00
.000E+00
< .285E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.949E-01
.522E402
.000E400
.000E+00
.332E+01
.000E400
.759E+02
.142E401
.949E+00
.142E401
.000E+00
.475E401
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
.664E401
.000E400
.223E401
.000E400
< .445E-01
.601E401
.000E400
.000E400
.111E400
.000E400
.111E401
.178E402
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
.379E401
.000E400
.110E402
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
.223E401
.000E400
. 118E401
.000E4-00
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
.668E401
.000E400
.134E402
.102E401
. 000E400
.824E402
.668E400
.223E-01
.000E400
.000E400
.423E401
. 000E400
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
.223E401
.000E400
N .000E400
.840E-01
.000E400
N .000E400
N .000E400
N .000E400
N .000E+00
N .000E400
N .000E400
N .000E400
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
N .000E400
N .000E400
N .000E400
N .000E400
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
.000E+00
N .000E400
N .000E400
N .000E400
N .000E400
N .000E400
N .000E400
N .000E400
N .000E400
N .000E400
.000E400
N .000E400
N .000E400
.294E400
N .000E400
N .000E400
N .000E400
N .000E400
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
N .000E400
.000E400
-------
MASS / FLUE VOLUME
ELEMENT
POTASSIUM
PRASEODYMIUM
RUBIDIUM
SAMARIUM
SCANDIUM
SELENIUM
SILICON
SILVER
SODIUM
STRONTIUM
SULFATE
SULFITE
SULFUR
TANTALUM
TELLURIUM
TERBIUM
THALLIUM
THORIUM
THULIUM
TIN
CO TITANIUM
' TUNGSTEN
O URANIUM
VANADIUM
YTTERBIUM
YTTRIUM
ZINC
ZIRCONIUM
ROCK OF AGES
TEST 1 - COAL ONLY
MCG/DSCM
10U + 3U CYCLONES 1U + FILTERS
.203E+03
.416E+00
.125E+01
.295E+00
.127E+01
.173E+00
.222E+04
.607E+00
.780E+02
.208E+02
.000E+00
.000E+00
.276E+B3
.347E-01
.520E-01
.347E-01
.694E+00
. 347E+001
.139E-01
.746E+00
. 118E+03
.139E+00
.156E+08
.163E+02
.520E-01
.142E+01
.106E+02
.416E+01
.668E+03
.213E+00
.228E+00
.183E+00
.152E+00
.608E+01
.152E+02
.1B3E+00
.S13E+03
.639E+01
.000E+00
.000E+00
.503E+03
.304E-01
.304E-01
.152E-01
.472E+00
.380E+00
.608E-02
.456E+00
.776E+02
.183E+00
.943E+00
.100E+01
.304E-01
.882E+00
.131E+02
.103E+01
XAD-2
FIRST IMPINGER 2ND It 3RD IMPINGERS
.237E+02
.000E+00
.475E+00
.000E+00
< .142E+00
.218E+01
.000E+00
.000E+00
.570E+02
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.759E+02
.000E+00
.237E+00
.000E+00
.000E400
.000E+00
.000E400
.332E+00
.223E+02
.000E+00
.000E+00
.380E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.570E+01
.142E+00
.200E+02
.006E+00
.000E-I-00
.000E+00
.668E-01
.209E+01
.125E+03
.178E+01
.445E+01
.757E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.846E+02
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E400
. 156E+01
.000E+00
.000E+00
.223E+01
.379E+01
.000E+00
.000E+00
.111 E-f 00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.434E+02
.000E+00
N
N
N
N
N
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E-I-00
N .000E+00
N .000E-I-00
N .000E+00
N .000E-1-00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
-------
MASS / FLUE VOLUME
ELEMENT
ALUMINUM
ANTIMONY
ARSENIC
BARIUM
BERYLLIUM
BISMUTH
BORON
BROMINE
CADMIUM
CALCIUM
CERIUM
CESIUM
CHLORIDE
CHLORINE
CHROMIUM
COBALT
COPPER
DYSPROSIUM
ERBIUM
EUROPIUM
FLUORIDE
FLUORINE
GADOLINIUM
GALLIUM
GERMANIUM
HAFNIUM
HOLMIUM
IODINE
IRON
LANTHANUM
LEAD
LITHIUM
LUTETIUM
MAGNESIUM
MANGANESE
MERCURY
MOLYBDENUM
NEODYMIUM
NICKEL
NIOBIUM
NITRATE
NITRITE
PHOSPHATE
PHOSPHORUS
PLATINUM
STACK EXHAUST
.215E404
.346E401
.172E+02
.556E402
.979E400
.408E+00
> .195E402
.857E401
.253E401
.193E404
.353E401
.120E+01
.000E+00
.551E402
.101E402
.301£401
.317E402
.202E+00
.846E-01
.977E-01
.000E400
> .754E402
.165E400
.209E402
.156E40KX<.185E401
.499E-01
.134E+00
.689E+00
.318E404
.244E+01
.305E+02
> .264E402
.115E-01
.467E403
.187E402
.135E401
.387E401
.972E400
.266E402
.105E401
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
.215E404
.000E400
ROCK OF AGES
TEST 1 - COAL ONLY
MCG/DSCM
-------
ROCK OF AGES
MASS / FLUE VOLUME TEST 1 - COAL ONLY
MCG/OSCM
ELEMENT STACK EXHAUST
POTASSIUM .914E+03
PRASEODYMIUM .629E+00
RUBIDIUM .195E+01
SAMARIUM .477E+00
SCANDIUM .148E+01 .236E+04
SILVER .257E+01
SODIUM .652E+03
STRONTIUM .280E+02
SULFATE .008E+08
SULFITE .000E+00
SULFUR .940E+03
TANTALUM .651E-01
TELLURIUM .320E+08
TERBIUM .499E-01
THALLIUM .272E+01
THORIUM .727E+00 .
THULIUM .200E-01
TIN .376E+C1
CO TITANIUM .222E+03
' TUNGSTEN .321E+00
ro URANIUM .110E+01
VANADIUM .178E+02
YTTERBIUM .824E-01
YTTRIUM .230E-l-ei
ZINC .728E+02
ZIRCONIUM .534E+01
-------
03
I
MASS / HEAT INPUT
ELEMENT
ALUMINUM
ANTIMONY
ARSENIC
BARIUM
BERYLLIUM
BISMUTH
BORON
BROMINE
CADMIUM
CALCIUM
CERIUM
CESIUM
CHLORIDE
CHLORINE
CHROMIUM
COBALT
COPPER
DYSPROSIUM
ERBIUM
EUROPIUM
FLUORIDE
FLUORINE
GADOLINIUM
GALLIUM
GERMANIUM
HAFNIUM
HOLMIUM
IODINE
IRON
LANTHANUM
LEAD
LITHIUM
LUTETIUM
MAGNESIUM
MANGANESE
MERCURY
MOLYBDENUM
NEODYMIUM
NICKEL
NIOBIUM
NITRATE
NITRITE
PHOSPHATE
PHOSPHORUS
PLATINUM
ROCK OF AGES
TEST 1 - COAL ONLY
NG/J
FUEL: COAL BOTTOM ASH
.38I£+03
.320E-01
.352E+00
.320E+01
.288E+00
.000E+00
.959E+00
.672C+00
.320E-01
.617E+02
.576E+00
.160E-01
.000E+00
. 640E+02
.384E+01
.256E+00
. 448E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.959E-02
.000E+00
.265E+02
.224E-01
.512E+00
.320E-01
.000E+00
.000E+00
.320E-01
.109E+03
.800E+00
.959E-01
.237E+01
.000E+00
.154E+02
. 256E-I-00
.288E-02
.864E+00
.224E+00
.640E-01
.384E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.320E+01
.000E+00
.524E+03
.163E-01
.163E-01
.142E+01
.894E-01
.000E+00
.126E+00
.163E-01
.163E-02
.484E+02
.894E-01
.813E-02
.000E+00
. 39BE+00
.203E+00
.894E-01
.732E-01
.122E-01
.813E-02
.813E-02
.000E+00
.407E+00
.122E-01
.407E-01
.407E-02
-122E-01
.B13E-02
.813E-02
.193E+03
.122E+00
.366E-01
.488E+00
. 122E-02
.187E+02
.528E-01
.407E-04
.244E-01
.569E-01
.650E400
.366E-01
.000E+00
.B00E+00
.000E+00
.301E+C1
.000E+00
CYCLONE ASH
.706E+01
.754E-03
. 654E-02
.163E-01
.880E-03
.503E-04
.138E-01
.616E-02
.503E-04
.842E+00
.503E-03
.503E-04
.000E+00
.314E-01
.641E-02
. 754E-03
.427E-02
.126E-03
.628E-04
. 503E-04
.000E400
.327E-01
.113E-03
.239E-02
.503E-03
.377E-04
.8B0E-04
.377E-03
. 120E+02
.754E-03
.176E-02
. 993E-02
< .126E-04
. 189E+00
.138E-02
.980E-04
.101E-02
.377E-03
.993E-02
.503E-03
.000E+0B
.000E+00
.000E+00
.339E+00
.000E+00
STACK EXHAUST
.138E+01
. 223E-02
.111E-01
.358E-01
.630E-03
.263E-03
> .125E-01
.552E-02
.163E-02
.124E+01
.227E-02
.773E-03
.000E+00
.355E-01
.649E-02
.194E-02
.204E-01
.130E-03
.545E-04
.629E-04
.000E+00
> .486E-01
.106E-03
.135E-01
.101E-02 .170E-01
.741E-05
.301E+00
.121E-01
.872E-03
.249E-02
.626E-03
.171E-01
. 673E-03
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.139E+01
.000E+00
-------
MASS / HEAT INPUT
ELEMENT
POTASSIUM
PRASEODYMIUM
RUBIDIUM
SAMARIUM
SCANDIUM
SELENIUM
SILICON
SILVER
SODIUM
STRONTIUM
SULFATE
SULFITE
SULFUR
TANTALUM
TELLURIUM
TERBIUM
THALLIUM
THORIUM
THULIUM
TIN
DO TITANIUM
» TUNGSTEN
$» URANIUM
VANADIUM
YTTERBIUM
YTTRIUM
ZINC
ZIRCONIUM
ROCK OF AGES
TEST 1 - COAL ONLY
NG/J
FUEL. COAL BOTTOM ASH
.371E+02
.959E-01
.160E+00
.320E-01
.112E+0I
.416E+01
.598E+03
.000E+00
.166E402
.352E+0I
.000E+00
.000E+00
. 320E+03
.000E+00
.000E+00
.640E-02
.000E+00
. 160E+00,
.000E+00
. 160E-01
.173E+C2
. 000E-I-00
.640E-01
.128E+01
.000E+00
.320E+00
.170E+01
.991E+00
.504E+02
.285E-0I
.325E-01
.285E-01
.122E+00
.528E-81
.860E+03
.203E-02
.228E+02
.854E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.130E+01
.366E-02
.B13E-03
.325E-82
.407E-02
.569E-01
.813E-03
.325E-02
.276E+02
.407E-02
.366E-01
.179E+C0
.407E-02
.447E-01
.447E-01
.138E+00
CYCLONE ASH
.641E+00
.126E-03
.251E-03
.377E-83
.327E-02
.214E-01
.103E+02
.628E-04
.327E+00
.113E-01
.000E+00
.000E+00
.509E+01
.503E-04
.503E-04
.251E-04
.251E-03
.251E-03
.251E-04
.126E-03
.440E+00
.628E-04
.251E-03
.107E-01
.628E-04
.628E-03
.465E-02
.101E-02
STACK EXHAUST
.589E+00
.405E-03
.126E-02
.307E-03
.956E-03 .152E+01
.166E-02
.420E+00
.180E-0I
.000E+00
.000E+00
.605E+00
.419E-04
.206E-03
.321E-04
.175E-02
. 468E-03
. 129E-04
.242E-02
.143E+00
. 207E-03
.708E-03
.115E-01
.531E-04
.148E-02
.469E-01
.344E-02
-------
ROCK OF AGES
TEST 1 - COAL ONLY
NG/J
10U + 3U CYCLONES 1U + FILTERS
MASS / HEAT INPUT
ELEMENT
ALUMINUM .847E+00
ANTIMONY .168E-02
ARSENIC .547E-02
BARIUM .212E-01
BERYLLIUM .346E-03
BISMUTH .670E-04
BORON .257E-02
BROMINE .246E-02
CADMIUM .156E-03
CALCIUM .147E+00
CERIUM .168E-02
CESIUM .123E-03
CHLORIDE .000E+00
CHLORINE .949E-02
CHROMIUM .447E-03
COBALT .715E-03
COPPER .806E-02
DYSPROSIUM .101E-03
ERBIUM .447E-04
EUROPIUM .335E-04
DO FLUORIDE .000E+00
i FLUORINE .983E-02
£J GADOLINIUM .670E-04
GALLIUM .927E-02
GERMANIUM .626E-03
HAFNIUM .223E-04
HOLMIUM .670E-04
IODINE .324E-03
IRON .121E+01
LANTHANUM .972E-03
LEAD .514E-02
LITHIUM .106E-01
LUTETIUM .447E-05
MAGNESIUM .480E-01
MANGANESE .101E-01
MERCURY .559E-04
MOLYBDENUM .93BE-03
NEODYMIUM .313E-03
NICKEL .927E-C2
NIOBIUM .536E-03
NITRATE .000E+00
NITRITE .000E+00
PHOSPHATE .000E+00
PHOSPHORUS .187E+00
PLATINUM .000E+00
XAD-2
.528E+00
.500E-03
.539E-02
.921E-02
.284E-03
.196E-03
> .980E-02
.245E-02
.754E-03
.108E+01
.598E-03
.392E-04
.000E+00
.460E-02
.147E-02
.980E-03
.431E-02
.294E-04
.980E-05
.294E-04
.000E+00
> .980E-02
.392E-04
.343E-02
.382E-03
.980E-05
. 196E-04
.588E-04
.804E+00
.S98E-03
.588E-02
> .362E-82
.294E-05
.151E+00
.656E-03
.882E-06
.637E-03
.313E-03
. 206E-02
.137E-03
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.120E+01
.000E+00
.764E-02
.000E+00
.183E-03
.153E-02
.000E+00
.000E+00
.9I7E-04
.611E-03
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.611E-03
.000E+00
.214E-01
.214E-02
.245E-03
.917E-03
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.275E-01
.000E+00
.000E+00
.183E-03
.000E+00
.000E+00
.611£-04
.336E-01
.000E+00
.000E+00
.214E-02
.000E+00
.489E-01
.917E-03
.611E-03
.917E-03
.000E4-00
.306E-02
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.428E-02
.000E+00
FIRST IMPINGER
.143E-02
.000E+00
< .287E-04
.3B7E-02
.000E+00
.000E+00
.717E-04
.000E+00
.717E-03
.115E-01
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.244E-02
.000E+00
.712E-02
.000E+00
.000E+00
.600E+B0
.000E+00
. 143E-02
.000E+00
.760E-03
. 000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.430E-02
.000E+00
.861E-02
.660E-03
.000E+00
.531E-01
.430E-03
.143E-04
.000E+00
.000E+00
.273E-02
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.143E-02
.000E+00
2ND It 3RD IMPINGERS
N .000E+00
.541E-04
.000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
N .000E400
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
.000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E400
. 000E+00
.000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
.000E+00
.000E400
.000E+00
.000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.189E-03
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E400
. 000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
-------
Ol
MASS / HEAT INPUT
ELEMENT
POTASSIUM
PRASEODYMIUM
RUBIDIUM
SAMARIUM
SCANDIUM
SELENIUM
SILICON
SILVER
SODIUM
STRONTIUM
SULFATE
SULFITE
SULFUR
TANTALUM
TELLURIUM
TERBIUM
THALLIUM
THORIUM
THULIUM
TIN
TITANIUM
TUNGSTEN
URANIUM
VANADIUM
YTTERBIUM
YTTRIUM
ZINC
ZIRCONIUM
ROCK OF AGES
TEST 1 - COAL ONLY
NG/J
10U + 3U CYCLONES 1U + FILTERS
.131E+00
.268E-03
.804E-03
.190E-03
.815E-03
.112E-03
.143E+01
.391E-03
.503E-01
.134E-01
.000E+00
.000E+00
.178E+00
.223E-04
.335E-04
.223E-04
.447E-03
.223E-03
.894E-05
.480E-03
.760E-01
.894E-04
.101E-03
.105E-01
.335E-04
.916E-03
.681E-02
.268E-02
.430E+00
.137E-03
.147E-03
.118E-03
.980E-04
.392E-02
.980E-02
.118E-03
.330E+00
.411E-02
.000E+00
.000E+00
.324E+00
.196E-04
.196E-04
.980E-05
.304E-03
.245E-03
.392E-05
.294E-03
.500E-01
.118E-03
.607E-03
.647E-03
.196E-04
.568E-03
.843E-02
.666E-03
XAD-2
FIRST IMPINGER
2ND * 3RD 1MPINGERS
.153E-01
.000E+00
.306E-03
.000E+00
.917E-04
.141E-02
.000E+00
.000E+00
.367E-01
.000E+00
. 000E-f 00
. 000E+00
.489E-01
.000E+00
.153E-03
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E400
.000E+00
.214E-03
.144E-01
.000E+00
.000E+00
.245E-03
.000E+00
.000E+00
.367E-02
.917E-84
.129E-01
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.430E-04
.135E-02
.803E-01
.115E-02
.287E-02
.488E-03
.000E+00
.000E+00
.545E-01
.000E+00
.000E-f00
.000E+00
.100E-02
.000E+00
.000E+00
.143E-02
.244E-02
.000E+00
.000E+00
.717E-04
.00CE-f00
.000E+00
.280E-01
.000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
.000E400
.000E+00
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E400
.000E+00
N .000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
N .000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E-I-00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
-------
MASS / TIME
ELEMENT
ALUMINUM
ANTIMONY
ARSENIC
BARIUM
BERYLLIUM
BISMUTH
BORON
BROMINE
CADMIUM
CALCIUM
CERIUM
CESIUM
CHLORIDE
CHLORINE
CHROMIUM
COBALT
COPPER
DYSPROSIUM
ERBIUM
EUROPIUM
FLUORIDE
FLUORINE
GADOLINIUM
GALLIUM
GERMANIUM
HAFNIUM
HOLMIUM
IODINE
IRON
LANTHANUM
LEAD
LITHIUM
LUTETIUM
MAGNESIUM
MANGANESE
MERCURY
MOLYBDENUM
NEODYMIUM
NICKEL
NIOBIUM
NITRATE
NITRITE
PHOSPHATE
PHOSPHORUS
PLATINUM
ROCK OF AGES
TEST 1 - COAL ONLY
MCG/SEC
FUEL: COAL BOTTOM ASH
.357E+06
.300E+02
.330E+03
.300E+04
.270E+03
.000E+00
.900E+03
.630E+03
.300E+02
.579E+05
.540E+03
.150E+02
.000E+00
.600E+05
.360E+04
.240E+03
.420E+03
.000E+00
.000E+00
.900E+01
.000E+00
.249E+05
.210E+02
.480E+03
.300E+02
.000E+00
.000E+00
.300E+02
.102E+06
.750E+03
.900E+02
.222E+04
.000E+00
.144E+05
.240E+03
.270E+01
.810E+03
.210E+03
.600E+02
.360E+03
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.300E+04
.000E+00
. 505E+06
.157E+02
.137E+04
-S62E-1-02
. 000E+09
.122E-I-03
.157E-f02
.157E+01
. 466E+05
. 862E+02
. 784E+01
. 000E+00
. 384E+03
. 1 96E+03
. 862E+02
. 706E+02
. 118E+02
.784E+01
. 000E+00
. 392E+03
. 118E+02
. 392E+02
.392E+01
. 118E402
. 784E+01
.784E+01
.186E+06
. 118E+03
. 353E+ 02
.470E+03
.118E401
. 180E+05
.510E+02
.392E-01
. 235E+02
. 549E+02
.627E+03
.353E402
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
. 290E404
. 080E+00
CYCLONE ASH STACK EXHAUST
.681E+04 .133E+04
.727E+00 .215E+01
.630E+ei .107E+02
.158E+02 .346E+02
.848E+00 .608E400
.485E-0I .254E+00
.133E+02 > .121E+02
.594E+01 .532E+01
.485E-01 .157E+01
.812E-I-03 .120E+04
.485E+00 .219E+01
.485E-01 .746E+00
.000E+00 .000E+00
.303E+02 .342E+02
.618E+01 .626E+01
.727E+00 .187E+01
.412E+01 .197E+02
.121E+00 .125E+00
.606E-01 .525E-01
.485E-01 .607E-01
.000E+00 .000E+00
.315E+02 > .468E+02
.109E+00 .102E+00
.230E+01 .130E+02
.485E+00 .972E+00 .164E+02
< .121E-01 .714E-02
.182E+03 .290E+03
.133E+01 .116E+02
.945E-01 .841£400
.970E+00 .240E401
.364E+00 .604E+00
.957E401 ,165E402
.485E+00 .649E+00
.600E+00 .000E400
.000E+00 .000E400
.000E400 .000E+00
.327E+03 .134E+04
.000E400 .000E+00
-------
MASS /TIME
ELEMENT
POTASSIUM
PRASEODYMIUM
RUBIDIUM
SAMARIUM
SCANDIUM
SELENIUM
SILICON
SILVER
SODIUM
STRONTIUM
SULFATE
SULFITE
SULFUR
TANTALUM
TELLURIUM
TERBIUM
THALLIUM
THORIUM
THULIUM
TIN
CD TITANIUM
' TUNGSTEN
00 URANIUM
VANADIUM
YTTERBIUM
YTTRIUM
ZINC
ZIRCONIUM
ROCK OF AGES
TEST 1 - COAL ONLY
MCG/SEC
FUEL. COAL BOTTOM ASH
.348E+85
.900E+02
.150E+03
.300E+02
.105E+04
.390E+04
.561E+06
.000E+00
.156E+05
.330E+04
.000E+00
.000E+00
.300E+06
.000E+00
.000E+00
.600E+01
.000E+00
.150E+03
.000E-f00 '
.150E+02
.162E+05
,000E-l-0e
.600E+02
.12BE+04
.000E-f00
. 300E-1-03
. 159E+04
.9J0E+03
. 486E+05
.274E+02
.314E-f02
. 274E+02
.118E+B3
.510E+02
.829E+06
. 196E+01
.220E405
.823E+03
.000E+00
.000E+00
.125E+84
.353E+01
.7B4E+00
.314E+01
.392E+01
.549E+02
.784E+00
.314E-fOt
.267E+05
.392E+01
.353E+02
. 172E+03
.392E+01
.431E+02
.431E+02
. 133E+03
CYCLONE ASH
.618E+03
.121E+00
.242E+00
.364E+00
.315E+01
.206E+02
. 994E+04
.606E-01
.315E+03
. 109E-I-02
.000E+00
.000E+00
.491E+04
.485E-01
.485E-01
.242E-01
.242E+00
.242E+00
.242E-01
. 121E-4-00
.424E403
.606E-01
.242E+00
.103E+02
.606E-01
.606E+08
.448E+01
.970E+00
STACK EXHAUST
.568E+03
.391E+00
. 121EH-01
.296E400
.922E+00 .147E+84
.160E+01
.405E+03
.174E402
.000E+00
.000E+00
.584E+03
.404E-01
.199E400
.310E-01
.169E401
.452E+00
.124E-0I
.234E+01
.138E403
.200E400
.683E400
.111E402
.512E-81
.143E401
.452E+02
.332E401
-------
vo
MASS /TIME
ELEMENT
ALUMINUM
ANTIMONY
ARSENIC
BARIUM
BERYLLIUM
BISMUTH
BORON
BROMINE
CADMIUM
CALCIUM
CERIUM,
CESIUM
CHLORIDE
CHLORINE
CHROMIUM
COBALT
COPPER
DYSPROSIUM
ERBIUM
EUROPIUM
FLUORIDE
FLUORINE
GADOLINIUM
GALLIUM
GERMANIUM
HAFNIUM
HOLMIUM
IODINE
IRON
LANTHANUM
LEAD
LITHIUM
LUTETIUM
MAGNESIUM
MANGANESE
MERCURY
MOLYBDENUM
NEODYMIUM
NICKEL
NIOBIUM
NITRATE
NITRITE
PHOSPHATE
PHOSPHORUS
PLATINUM
10U
ROCK OF AGES
TEST 1 - COAL ONLY
MCG/SEC
+ 3U CYCLONES 1U + FILTERS
.816E+C3
.162E+01
.52BE+01
.205E+02
.334E+00
.646E-01
.24BE+01
.237E+01
.151E+00
.142E+03
.162E+01
-118E+00
.000E+00
.916E+01
.431E+00
.689E+00
.778E-f01
.969E-01
.431E-01
.323E-01
.000E+00
.948E+01
.646E-01
.894E+01
.603E+00
.215E-01
.646E-01
.312E+00
.116E+04
.937E+00
.495E+01
.102E+02
.431E-02
.463E+02
.969E+01
.539E-0I
.905E+00
.302E+00
.894E+0I
.517E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.180E+03
.000E+00
.509E+03
.482E+00
.520E+01
.888E+01
.274E+00
.189E+00
.945E+01
.236E+01
.727E+80
.104E+04
.576E+00
.378E-01
.000E+00
.444E+01
.142E+01
.945E+00
.416E+01
.283E-01
.945E-02
.283E-01
.000E+00
.945E+ei
.37BE-01
.331E+01
.368E+00
.945E-02
.189E-0J
.567E-01
.776E+03
.576E400
.567E+81
.350E+01
.2B3E-02
.145E403
.633E+00
.850E-03
.614E+00
.302E+00
. 198E-f01
. 132E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.115E+04
.000E+00
XAD-2
.737E+01
.000E+00
.177E+0e
.147E+01
.800E+00
.000E+00
.884E-01
.590E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.590E+00
.000E+00
.206E+02
.206E+01
.236E+00
.884E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.265E+02
.000E+00
.000E+00
< .177E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.590E-01
.324E+02
.000E+00
.000E400
.206E+01
.000E+00
.472E+02
.884E+00
.590E400
.884E+00
.000E+00
.295E+01
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.413E+01
.000E+00
FIRST IMPINGER
.138t+01
.000E+00
< .277E-01
.J73E+01
.000E+00
.000E+00
.692E-01
.000E+00
.692E+00
.111E+02
.000E+00
.000E400
.000E400
.000E+00
.235E+01
.000E+00
.686E+01
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.138E401
.000E+00
. 733E+00
.000E+00
.000E400
.000E+00
.000E+00
.415E+01
.000E+00
.830E+01
.636E+00
.000E+00
.512E+02
.415E+00
.138E-01
.000E+00
.000E+00
.263E+01
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.138E+01
.000E+00
2ND & 3RD 1MPINGERS
N .000E+00
.522E-01
.000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
N
N
.000E+00
.000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
.000E+00
N .006E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
N . 000E-I-00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
.000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
N
N
N
N
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
.000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
.183E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
N .000E+00
.000E+00
-------
CD
ro
o
MASS /TIME
ELEMENT
POTASSIUM
PRASEODYMIUM
RUBIDIUM
SAMARIUM
SCANDIUM
SELENIUM
SILICON
SILVER
SODIUM
STRONTIUM
SULFATE
SULFITE
SULFUR
TANTALUM
TELLURIUM
TERBIUM
THALLIUM
THORIUM
THULIUM
TIN
TITANIUM
TUNGSTEN
URANIUM
VANADIUM
YTTERBIUM
YTTRIUM
ZINC
ZIRCONIUM
10U
ROCK OF AGES
TEST 1 - COAL ONLY
MCG/SEC
+ 3U CYCLONES 1U + FILTERS
.126E+03
.259E+00
.776E+00
.183E+00
.786E+00
.108E+00
.138E+04
.377E+00
.485E+02
.129E+02
.000E+00
.000E+00
.171E+03
.215E-01
.323E-01
.215E-01
.431E+00
.215E+00
.862E-02
. 463E+00
.732E+02
.862E-01
.969E-01
.101E+02
.323E-01
.883E+00
.657E+01
.259E+01
.415E+03
.132E+00
.142E+00
.113E+00
.945E-01
.378E+01
.945E+01
.113E+00
.318E+03
.397E+01
.000E+00
.000E+00
.313E+03
.189E-01
.189E-01
.945E-02
.293E+00
.236E400
.378E-82
.283E+00
. 4B2E+02
. 113E+00
.586E+00
.624E+00
.189E-C1
.548E+00
.812E+01
.642E+00
XAD-2
FIRST IMP1NGER
2ND ft 3RD IMPINGERS
.147E+02
.000E+00
.295E+00
.000E+00
< .884E-01
.136E+01
,000E+00
.000E+00
.354E+02
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.472E+02
.000E+00
.147E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.206E+00
. 139E-I-02
.000E+00
.000E+00
.236E+00
.600E+00
.000E+00
.354E+01
.884E-01
.124E+02
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E-1-00
.415E-01
.130E+01
.775E+02
.111E+01
.277E+01
.470E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.526E+02
.000t+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.968E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.138E+01
.235E+01
.000E+00
.000E+00
.692E-01
.000E+00
.000E+00
.270E+02
.000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E-)-00
N .000E+00
N
N
N
N
N
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000EH-00
N .000E+00
N .00CE+00
N .000E+00
N .000E-f00
.000E+00
.000E+00
N
N
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
-------
ro
i
ro
ELEMENT
ALUMINUM
ANTIMONY
ARSENIC
BARIUM
BERYLLIUM
BISMUTH
BORON
BROMINE
CADMIUM
CALCIUM
CERIUM
CESIUM
CHLORIDE
CHLORINE
CHROMIUM
COBALT
COPPER
DYSPROSIUM
ERBIUM
EUROPIUM
FLUORIDE
FLUORINE
GADOLINIUM
GALLIUM
GERMANIUM
HAFNIUM
HOLMIUM
IODINE
IRON
LANTHANUM
LEAD
LITHIUM
LUTETIUM
MAGNESIUM
MANGANESE
MERCURY
MOLYBDENUM
NEODYMIUM
NICKEL
NIOBIUM
NITRATE
NITRITE
PHOSPHATE
PHOSPHORUS
PLATINUM
ROCK OF AGES
TEST 1 - COAL ONLY
BOILER MASS BALANCE
INPUT = FUEL; OUTPUT - BOTTOM ASH + CYCLONE ASH + SASS
TOTAL IN TOTAL OUT
TRAIN
.357E+06
X<.300E+02
.330E+03
.300E+04
.270E403
.900E+03
.630E+03
.300E+02
.579E+05
.540E+03
.150E+02
.600E+05
.360E+04
. 240E+03
.420E+03
.900E+01
.249E+05
.210E+02
.480E+03
.300E+02
.300E+02
.102E+06
.750E+03
.900E+02
.222E+04
.144E+05
.240E+03
.270E+01
.810E+03
.210E+03
.600E+02
.360E+03
.300E+04
.513E+06
.186E+02
.327E+02
.142E+04
.877E+02
.302E+00
.147E+03
-------
ELEMENT
ROCK OF AGES
TEST 1 - COAL ONLY
BOILER MASS BALANCE
INPUT «= FUEL; OUTPUT = BOTTOM ASH + CYCLONE ASH + SASS TRAIN
TOTAL IN TOTAL OUT
POTASSIUM .34BE+05
PRASEODYMIUM .900E+62
RUBIDIUM .150E+03
SAMARIUM .300E+02
SCANDIUM .105E+04
SELENIUM .390E+04
SILICON .561E+06
SILVER
SODIUM .156E+05
STRONTIUM .330E+04
SULFATE
SULFITE
SULFUR .300E+06
TANTALUM
TELLURIUM
TERBIUM .600E+01
THALLIUM
THORIUM .150E+03
THULIUM
CO TIN .150E+02
I
K TITANIUM .162E+05
TUNGSTEN
URANIUM .600E+02
VANADIUM .120E+04
YTTERBIUM
YTTRIUM .300E+03
ZINC .159E+04
ZIRCONIUM .930E+03
.498E+05
.280E+02
.328E402
.281E+02
.122E+03
.7B1E+02
.841E+06
-------
09
I
PO
INPUT DATA
ELEMENT
ALUMINUM
ANTIMONY
ARSENIC
BARIUM
BERYLLIUM
BISMUTH
BORON
BROMINE
CADMIUM
CALCIUM
CERIUM
CESIUM
CHLORIDE
CHLORINE
CHROMIUM
COBALT
COPPER
DYSPROSIUM
ERBIUM
EUROPIUM
FLUORIDE
FLUORINE
GADOLINIUM
GALLIUM
GERMANIUM
HAFNIUM
HOLMIUM
IODINE
IRON
LANTHANUM
LEAD
LITHIUM
LUTETIUM
MAGNESIUM
MANGANESE
MERCURY
MOLYBDENUM
NEODYMIUM
NICKEL
NIOBIUM
NITRATE
NITRITE
PHOSPHATE
PHOSPHORUS
PLATINUM
ROCK OF AGES
TEST2 - COAL/PET
PPM
FUEL - COAL/PET FUEL - PET
.156E+05
.240E+02
.300E+01
.410E+02
.800E+00
.200E+01
.140E+02
.100E+02
.200E+01
.930E+03
.400E+01
.900E+00
,000E+00
.230E+04
.430E+02
.900E+01
.270E+02
.000E+00
.000E400
.000E+00
.000E+00
.710E+02
.000E+00
.500E+01
<.100E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.900E-I-00
.380E+04
.600E+01
.280E+02
.500E+01
.000E+00
.370E+03
.170E+02
.200E+00
.170E+02
.400E+01
.340E+03
.200E+01
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.170E+03
.000E+00
>.100E+04
.220E+02
<.100E-f00
.170E+02
.000E+00
.500E+00
.700E+00
.000E+00
.2C0E+01
.530E+02
<.100E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.700E+03
. 110E+02
. 130EH-02
.380E402
.000E+00
.000E400
.000E+00
.000E+00
.200E+03
.000E+00
.300E+01
<.100E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
•C.100E+00
.220E+02
.000E+00
.320E402
.220E+02
.000E+00
.400E+02
.400E+01
.350E+00
.800E401
.000E400
.290E+03
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.530E402
.000E+00
BOTTOM ASH
.164E+06
.150E+02
.700E+01
.985E+03
.240E+02
.000E+00
.130E+03
.500E+01
.400E+01
.259E+05
.420E+02
.500E+01
.000E+00
.360E+02
.220E403
. 110E+03
.480E+02
.800E+01
.400E+01
.400E+01
.000E+00
.250E403
.800E+01
.630E+02
.400E+01
.500E+01
.500E+01
.700E+00
.386E+05
.660E+02
.520E+02
.540E+02
.900E+00
.470E+04
.720E+02
<.100E-01
. 160E+02
.320E+02
.150E+03
.150E+C2
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.100E+04
.000E+00
BOTTOM ASH LEACHATE
.140E+02
.200E+00
.100E-01
.300E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.400E+00
.800E-01
. 400E-02
. 530E+02
.000E+00
.000E+00
. 130E+01
.300E-V01
.600E-01
<.300E-02
.300E-01
.000E400
.000E+00
.000E+00
.100E+00
.700E+01
.000E+00
.900E-01
.100E-01
.000E+00
.000E+00
.100E-01
.600E+00
.000E+00
.900E-02
.700E-01
.000E+00
.900E+00
.500E-02
<.100E-02
.500E+00
.000E+00
.200E-01
.300E-02
<.100E+01
<.100E+01
<.100E401
.300E+00
.000E+00
-------
INPUT DATA
ELEMENT
POTASSIUM
PRASEODYMIUM
RUBIDIUM
SAMARIUM
SCANDIUM
SELENIUM
SILICON
SILVER
SODIUM
STRONTIUM
SULFATE
SULFITE
SULFUR
TANTALUM
TELLURIUM
TERBIUM
THALLIUM
THORIUM
THULIUM
TIN
ro TITANIUM
I TUNGSTEN
£ URANIUM
VANADIUM
YTTERBIUM
YTTRIUM
ZINC
ZIRCONIUM
ROCK OF AGES
TEST2 - COAL/PET
PPM
FUEL - COAL/PET FUEL - PET
.910E403
.200E401
.200E401
. 100E401
.900E+01
.400E401
. 137E405
. 000E400
. 370E+03
. 240E+02
. 000E400
. 000E+00
. 660E404
.300E401
. 000E400
.000E+00
.000E+00
.400E401
.000E400
.900E400
.480E403
.000E400
.200E+01
. 110E402
.000E400
.400E+01
. 100E402
.800E401
.110E402
.000E400
<.100E400
.000E400
<.100E400
.000E+00
.700E403
.000E400
.180E403
<.100E400
.000E400
.000E400
.830E403
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
.300E400
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
.840E402
.800E400
.000E400
.400E400
.000E400
<.100E400
.600E401
.200E400
BOTTOM ASH
.114E405
.100E402
.250E402
.150E402
.410E402
. 170E402
.213E406
.600E400
.520E404
.510E403
.000E400
.000E400
.540E404
.500E401
.300E400
.300E401
.400E401
.310E402
.100E401
.200E401
.740E404
.400E401
.220E402
.240E402
.700E401
.620E402
.230E402
.920E402
BOTTOM ASH LEACHATE
.510E401
.000E+00
.200E-01
.000E400
<.200E-02
.100E400
.500E401
<.400E-02
.710E401
.300E401
.220E403
.200E402
.900E402
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
.000E460
.000E+00
. 200E400
.200E-01
.000E400
.500E-C1
.000E400
.900E-82
.600E-01
.100E-01
-------
ro
en
INPUT DATA
ELEMENT
ALUMINUM
ANTIMONY
ARSENIC
BARIUM
BERYLLIUM
BISMUTH
BORON
BROMINE
CADMIUM
CALCIUM
CERIUM
CESIUM
CHLORIDE
CHLORINE
CHROMIUM
COBALT
COPPER
DYSPROSIUM
ERBIUM
EUROPIUM
FLUORIDE
FLUORINE
GADOLINIUM
GALLIUM
GERMANIUM
HAFNIUM
HOLMIUM
IODINE
IRON
LANTHANUM
LEAD
LITHIUM
LUTETIUM
MAGNESIUM
MANGANESE
MERCURY
MOLYBDENUM
NEODYMIUM
NICKEL
NIOBIUM
NITRATE
NITRITE
PHOSPHATE
PHOSPHORUS
PLATINUM
ROCK OF AGES
TEST2 - COAL/PET
PPM
CYCLONE ASH CYCLONE ASH LEACHATE
.666E+05
.260E+62
.700E+02
.360E+03
.100E+02
.100E+01
.840E+03
.770E+02
.800E+01
.227E+05
.220E+02
.200E+01
. 000E+00
.250E+03
.6B0E+02
.100E+02
.450E+02
.500E+01
.200E+01
.B00E+00
.000E+00
.380E403
.200E+01
.220E+02
.800E+01
•C.700E+00
.300E+01
.800E+01
.113E+06
.350E402
.760E+02
.380E+03
.200E+00
.430E+04
.270E+02
.115E+01
.200E+02
. 150E+02
.390E+02
.900E+01
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.330E+04
.000E-V00
.110E+04
.500E-01
.200E+00
.500E-01
.700E-01
.000E400
.200E+00
.800E-01
.100E+00
.190E+01
.200E+00
.200E-01
.180E+03
.700E+00
.100E+01
.100E+01
.600E+01
.200E-01
.800E-02
.100E-01
.180E+01
.380E+02
.300E-01
.500E+01
.700E-01
.400E-02
.100E-01
.100E-02
.540E+03
.300E+00
. 100E+00
.440E401
.200E-02
.960E+02
.180E+02
<.100E-02
.200E-01
.200E400
.800E+00
.500E-02
<.100E+02
<.100E+02
<.100E+02
<.100E-01
.000E+00
-------
_
INPUT DATA
ELEMENT
POTASSIUM
PRASEODYMIUM
RUBIDIUM
SAMARIUM
SCANDIUM
SELENIUM
SILICON
SILVER
SODIUM
STRONTIUM
SULFATE
SULFITE
SULFUR
TANTALUM
TELLURIUM
TERBIUM
THALLIUM
THORIUM
THULIUM
TIN
TITANIUM
TUNGSTEN
URANIUM
VANADIUM
YTTERBIUM
YTTRIUM
ZINC
ZIRCONIUM
ROCK OF AGES
TEST2 - COAL/PET
PPM
CYCLONE ASH CYCLONE ASH LEACHATE
.640E+04
.700E+0I
.500E+0I
.400E+01
.800E+01
.130E+03
.984E+05
.100E+01
.270E+04
.170E+03
.000E+00
.000E+00
.281E+05
.100E+01
.400E+00
.600E+00
.I40E+02
.110E+02
.400E+00
.500E+01
.450E+04
.200E+01
.120E+02
.450E+02
.100E+01
.110E+02
.880E+02
.190E+02
.560E+02
.S00E-01
.100E+00
.600E-01
.100E+00
.200E+00
210E+03
.000E+00
.170E+03
.400E+01
.120E+05
.500E404
.390E+04
.500E-02
.100E-02
.700E-02
.906E-01
.106E-01
.200E-02
.300E-02
.500E+00
:.300E-02
.500E-01
.300E+00
.300E-01
.S00E+00
.120E402
.100E-01
-------
ro
INPUT DATA
ELEMENT
ALUMINUM
ANTIMONY
ARSENIC
BARIUM
BERYLLIUM
BISMUTH
BORON
BROMINE
CADMIUM
CALCIUM
CERIUM
CESIUM
CHLORIDE
CHLORINE
CHROMIUM
COBALT
COPPER
DYSPROSIUM
ERBIUM
EUROPIUM
FLUORIDE
FLUORINE
GADOLINIUM
GALLIUM
GERMANIUM
HAFNIUM
HOLMIUM
IODINE
IRON
LANTHANUM
LEAD
LITHIUM
LUTETIUM
MAGNESIUM
MANGANESE
MERCURY
MOLYBDENUM
NEODYMIUM
NICKEL
NIOBIUM
NITRATE
NITRITE
PHOSPHATE
PHOSPHORUS
PLATINUM
10U
ROCK OF AGES
TEST2 - COAL/PET
PPM
4 3U CYCLONES FILTERS
.903E405
.680E403
.810E403
.830E403
.430E402
.200E+02
<.800E402
.220E403
.670E+02
.137E405
.750E402
.400E+01
.000E400
.420E+04
.140E404
.740E+02
.650E403
.900E401
.400E401
.300E401
.000E400
.340E403
.800E401
.290E403
.440E+02
.300E+01
.600E401
.120E402
.112E406
.900E402
.890E403
.200E403
.100E401
.400E404
.200E403
.600E401
.140E403
.480E+02
.250E403
.290E402
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E400
.171E405
.000E400
.130E405
<.100E+03
.130E404
.530E402
. 250E+02
.860E+02
X100E404
.240E+03
.700E403
.250E+04
.300E+01
.160E+02
.000E+00
.300E+03
.200E+03
.240E+03
.180E+03
<.500E+00
<.200E+00
.300E+00
.000E400
.310E403
.10BE+01
X100E+04
.330E+03
.000E+00
<.300E+00
.700E+01
.394E+05
.300E+01
.469E+05
X310E+03
.000E+00
.100E+04
.400E+03
.110E+00
.170E+03
.400E+01
.250E+03
.200E+01
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.393E+05
.000E400
XAO-2
FIRST IMPINGER 2ND & 3RD IMPINGER
.150E+01
.000E+00
.200E-01
.100E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.600E-01
.300E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E400
.206E406
.000E+00
.430E402
.700E+00
.800E-01
.000E400
.000E400
.000E+00
.000E400
.000E400
.780E402
.000E400
.000E400
.100E-01
.000E400
.000E400
.400E-01
.500E401
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
.006E400
.000E400
.000E400
.210E400
.190E401
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
.640E401
. 100E400
.500E400
.000E400
.700E-82
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
.600E-02
.700E-01
.000E400
.200E401
.000E400
.700E-02
.000E400
.450E404
.960E402
.630E400
.296E400
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
.4I8E402
.000E400
.230E-01
.100E-02
.000E400
<.100E400
.195E400
.449E403
.000E400
.000E400
.360E-01
.000E400
.170E401
. 199E401
.900E-02
.200E400
.000E400
.710E402
.200E-02
.000E400
.000E400
.C00E400
.200E400
.000E400
N.000E400
.100E-02
.000E400
N.000E400
N.000E400
N.000E400
N.000E400
N.000E400
N.000E400
N.000E400
N.000E400
N.000E400
.000E400
N.000E400
N.000E400
N.000E400
N.000E400
N.000E400
N.000E400
N.000E400
.000E400
N.000E400
N.000E400
N.000E400
N.000E400
N.000E400
N.000E400
N.000E400
N.000E400
N.000E400
N.000E400
N.000E400
N.000E400
N.000E400
N.000E40C
.100E-01
N.000E400
N.000E400
N.000E400
N.000E400
.000E400
•000E400
.000E400
N.000E400
N.000E400
-------
INPUT DATA
ELEMENT
POTASSIUM
PRASEODYMIUM
RUBIDIUM
SAMARIUM
SCANDIUM
SELENIUM
SILICON
SILVER
SODIUM
STRONTIUM
SULFATE
SULFITE
SULFUR
TANTALUM
TELLURIUM
TERBIUM
THALLIUM
THORIUM
THULIUM
TIN
00 TITANIUM
' TUNGSTEN
00 URANIUM
VANADIUM
YTTERBIUM
YTTRIUM
ZINC
ZIRCONIUM
ROCK OF AGES
TEST2 - COAL/PET
PPM
10U + 3U CYCLONES FILTERS
.122E+05
.220E+02
.220E+02
.200E+02
.500E+02
.680E+03
. 150E+06
.120E+02
.520E-C04
.690E+03
.000E+00
.000E+00
.306E+05
.400E+01
.600E+01
.200E+01
.420E+02
.800E+01
.800E+00
.350E+02
.830E+04
.190E+02
.900E+01
.320E+03
.100E402
.640E+02
.680E+03
.560E+02
.286E+05
.108E+01
.960E+02
.200E-f0t
.130E+02
.300E+03
.389E+05
.190E+02
.576E+04
.710E+02
.000E+00
.000E+00
.258E+05
.400E+01
.B00E+01
.200E+00
.960E+02
.200E+01
.000E+00
.250E+03
. 110E+03
.330E+02
.780E+02
.170E+03
.000E+00
.700E+01
.100E+04
.600E+01
XAD-2
FIRST IMPINGER 2ND Ic 3RD 1MPINGER
.000E+00
.000E+00
<.100E-01
.000E400
.000E+00
.460E+00
.190E+02
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.170E+02
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.700E+00
.000E+00
.000E400
.100E-01
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
<.200E-61
.400E+00
.000E+00
.600E-02
.000E+00
<.100E-02
.294E400
. 116E-f02
.200E-01
.200E+04
. 140E-01
.000E+00
.000E+00
.770E+04
.000E+00
.300E-02
.000E+00
.000E400
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.370E+00
.000E400
.000E+00
.190E-01
.000E+00
.000E+00
.250E+00
.000E400
N.000E400
N.000E+00
N.000E+00
N.000E+00
N.000E+00
N.000E+00
N.000E+00
N.000E+00
N.000E+00
N.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
N.000E+00
N.000E-f00
N.000E+00
N.000E+00
N.000E+00
N.000E+00
N.000E+00
N.000E+00
N.000E+00
N.000E+00
N.000E+00
N.000E+00
N.000E+00
N.000E+00
N.000E+00
N.000E+00
-------
MASS / FLUE VOLUME
ELEMENT
ALUMINUM
ANTIMONY
ARSENIC
BARIUM
BERYLLIUM
BISMUTH
BORON
BROMINE
CADMIUM
CALCIUM
CERIUM
CESIUM
CHLORIDE
CHLORINE
CHROMIUM
COBALT
COPPER
DYSPROSIUM
ERBIUM
EUROPIUM
.231E+02
.554E401
.161£402
.577E+02
.692E-01
.369E400
.000E+00
.692E+01
.461E+01
.554E+01
.415E401
< .115E-01
< .461E-02
.692E-02
.000E+00
.715E+01
.231E-01
> .231E+02
.76IE+01
.000E+00
< .692E-02
.161E+00
.909E403
.692E-01
.108E+04
> .715E+01
.000E+00
.231E+02
.923E+01
.254E-02
.392E401
.923E-01
.577E+01
.461E-01
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
.907E+03
.000E+00
.781E+01
.000E+00
.104E+00
.521E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.312E+00
. 156E+01
.000E+00
. 000E400
.000E+00
. 104E+01
.000E+00
.224E+03
.364E+01
.416E400
.000E400
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E400
.406E+03
.000E+00
.000E+00
.521E-01
.000E+00
.000E+00
.208E+00
.260E+02
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.109E+01
.989E401
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.333E+02
.521E+00
.267E402
.000E400
.374E+00
.000E400
.000E+00
.000E+00
.321E+00
.374E+01
.000E+00
.107E+03
.000E400
.374E+00
.000E+00
.241E+06
.513E+04
.337E402
.158E+02
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E400
.000E400
.223E+04
.000E+00
.123E+01
.535E-01
.000E400
< .535E+01
.104E402
.240E405
.000E400
.000E+00
.192E+01
.000E+00
.909E+02
.106E+03
.481£+00
.107E+02
.000E+00
.380E404
.107E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E400
.107E+02
.000E+00
N .000E400
.445E-01
.000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
N
N
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
.000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E400
N .000E+00
N .000£400
.000E400
.000E400
N
N
N
.000E400
.000E400
N .000E400
N .000E400
N .000E400
N .000E400
N .000E400
N .000E400
N .000E400
N .000E400
N .000E400
N .000E400
N .000E400
N .000E400
N .000E400
N
N
N
N
.445E400
.000E400
.000E400
.000E+00
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
N .000£400
N .000E400
-------
MASS / FLUE VOLUME
ELEMENT
t
POTASSIUM
PRASEODYMIUM
RUBIDIUM
SAMARIUM
SCANDIUM
SELENIUM
SILICON
SILVER
SODIUM
STRONTIUM
SULFATE
SULFITE
SULFUR
TANTALUM
TELLURIUM
TERBIUM
THALLIUM
THORIUM
THULIUM
TIN
TITANIUM
TUNGSTEN
URANIUM
VANADIUM
YTTERBIUM
YTTRIUM
ZINC
ZIRCONIUM
ROCK OF AGES
TEST2 - COAL/PET
MCG/OSCM
10U + 3U CYCLONES 1U + FILTERS
. 285E+03
.515E+00
.515E+00
.468E+00
.117E+01
.159E+02
.350E+04
.281E+00
.122E+03
.16IE+02
.000E+00
.000E+00
.716E+03
.935E-01
.140E+00
.468E-01
.982E+00
.t87E+08
.187E-01
.819E+00
.194E+03
.444E+00
.210E+00
.748E+01
.234E+00
.150E+01
.159E402
.131E+01
.660E+03
.231E-01
.22IE+01
.461E-01
.300E+00
.692E+0I
.897E+03
.438E+00
.131E+03
.164E+01
.000E+00
.000E+00
. 595E+03
.923E-01
.185E+00
.461E-02
.221E+01
.461E-01
.000E+00
.577E+01
.254E+01
.761E+00
.180E+01
.392E+01
.000E+00
. 161E+00
.231E+02
.138E+08
XAD-2
.000E+00
.000E400
< .521E-01
.000E+00
.000E+00
.239E+01
.989E+02
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.885E+02
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.364E+01
.000E+00
.000E+00
.521E-01
.000E+00
.000E400
.000E+00
< .104E+00
FIRST IMP1NGER 2ND & 3RD IMPINGER
.214E+02
.000E+00
.321E+00
.000E+00
< .535E-01
.157E+02
.620E+03
.107E+01
.107E+06
.748E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.412E+06
.000E+00
.160E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.198E+02
.000E+00
.000E+00
.102E+01
.000E+00
.000E+00
.134E+02
.000E+00
N
N
.000E+00
.000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
N
N
N
N
N
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E400
N
N
N
N
N
.000E+00
.000E-f00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
-------
MASS / FLUE VOLUME
eo
i
GO
ELEMENT
ALUMINUM
ANTIMONY
ARSENIC
BARIUM
BERYLLIUM
BISMUTH
BORON
BROMINE
CADMIUM
CALCIUM
CERIUM
CESIUM
CHLORIDE
CHLORINE
CHROMIUM
COBALT
COPPER
DYSPROSIUM
ERBIUM
EUROPIUM
FLUORIDE
FLUORINE
GADOLINIUM
GALLIUM
GERMANIUM
HAFNIUM
HOLMIUM
IODINE
IRON
LANTHANUM
LEAD
LITHIUM
LUTETIUM
MAGNESIUM
MANGANESE
MERCURY
MOLYBDENUM
NEODYMIUM
NICKEL
NIOBIUM
NITRATE
NITRITE
PHOSPHATE
PHOSPHORUS
PLATINUM
STACK EXHAUST
.245E+04
.159E+02 .237E+02
.160E+02
.177E+02
.485E+03
.182E+01
.188E+01
.000E+00
.241E+06
.517E+04
.414E+02
.352E+02
.210£+00 .311E+02
.875E+01
.702E-01
.140£+00 .138E+02
.234E-01
.208E+03
.120E+03
.2I6E+01
. 278E+02
.121E+01
.381E+04
.831E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.135E+04
.S21E+00
ROCK OF AGES
TEST2 - COAL/PET
MCG/DSCM
-------
ROCK OF AGES
MASS / FLUE VOLUME TEST2 - COAL/PET
MCG/DSCM
ELEMENT STACK EXHAUST
POTASSIUM .966E+03
PRASEODYMIUM .538E+00
RUBIDIUM .305E+0KX<.310E+01
SAMARIUM .514E+00
SCANDIUM . 147E+0KX<.152E+01
SELENIUM .409E+02
SILICON .512E+04
SILVER .179E+01
SODIUM .107E+06
STRONTIUM .185E+02
SULFATE .000E+00
SULFITE .000E-f00
SULFUR .413E+06
TANTALUM .186E+00
TELLURIUM .485E+00
TERBIUM .514E-01
THALLIUM .320E+01 .
THORIUM .233E+00
THULIUM .187E-01
TIN .659E+01
*P TITANIUM .220E+03
OJ> TUNGSTEN . 121E+01
N URANIUM .201E+01
VANADIUM .125E+02
YTTERBIUM .234E+00
YTTRIUM .I66E+01
ZINC .523E+02
ZIRCONIUM .145E+0KX<.155E+01
-------
MASS / HEAT INPUT
ELEMENT FUEL - COAL/PET
ROCK OF AGES
TEST2 - COAL/PET
NG/J
DO
I
00
CO
ALUMINUM
ANTIMONY
ARSENIC
BARIUM
BERYLLIUM
BISMUTH
BORON
BROMINE
CADMIUM
CALCIUM
CERIUM
CESIUM
CHLORIDE
CHLORINE
CHROMIUM
COBALT
COPPER
DYSPROSIUM
ERBIUM
EUROPIUM
FLUORIDE
FLUORINE
GADOLINIUM
GALLIUM
GERMANIUM
HAFNIUM
HOLMIUM
IODINE
IRON
LANTHANUM
LEAD
LITHIUM
LUTETIUM
MAGNESIUM
MANGANESE
MERCURY
MOLYBDENUM
NEODYMIUM
NICKEL
NIOBIUM
NITRATE
NITRITE
PHOSPHATE
PHOSPHORUS
PLATINUM
.503E+03
.773E+00
.966E-01
.132E+01
.258E-01
.644E-01
.451E+00
.322E+00
.644E-01
.300E+02
. 129E+00
.290E-01
.000E+00
.741E+02
.139E+01
.290E+00
.870E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.229E+01
.000E+00
.161E+00
.322E-02
.000E+00
.000E+00
.290E-01
.122E+03
.193E+00
.902E+00
.161E+00
.000E+00
.119E+02
.548E+00
.644E-02
.548E+00
.129E+00
.110E+02
.644E-01
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.548E+01
.000E+00
BOTTOM ASH
.348E+03
.317E-01
.148E-01
.208E+01
.508E-01
.000E+00
.275E+00
.106E-01
.846E-02
.548E+02
.888E-01
.106E-01
.000E+00
.761E-01
.465E400
.233E+00
.102E+00
.169E-01
.846E-02
.846E-02
.000E-H00
.529E+00
.169E-01
.133E+00
.846E-02
.106E-01
.106E-01
.148E-02
.816E+02
.140E+00
.110E+00
.114E+00
.190E-02
.994EH-01
.152E+00
< .212E-04
.338E-01
.677E-01
.317E-f00
.317E-01
.000EH-00
.000E+00
.000E-f00
.212E+01
.000E+00
CYCLONE ASH STACK EXHAUST
474E+C1 .143E+01
.185E-02 .935E-02 .139E-01
.548E-02 .937E-02
.570E-03 .104E-01
.162E+01 .284E+00
.157E-02 .107E-02
.142E-03 .110E-02
.000E+00 .000E+00
.178E-01 .H1E+03
.484E-02 .303E+01
.712E-03 .242E-01
.321E-02 .206E-01
.356E-03 .123E-03 .182E-01
.570E-03 .513E-02
< .499E-04 .411E-04
.214E-03 .822E-04 .806E-02
.142E-04 .137E-04
.306E+00 .122E+00
.192E-02 .705E-01
.819E-04 .127E-02
.142E-02 .163E-01
.107E-02 .712E-83
.278E-02 .223E+01
.641E-03 .487E-03
.000E+00 .000E-f00
.000E+00 .000E+00
.000E+00 .000E+00
.235E+00 .792E+00
.000E+00 .30SE-03
-------
MASS / HEAT INPUT
ELEMENT FUEL - COAL/PET
ROCK OF AGES
TEST2 - COAL/PET
NG/J
0)
POTASSIUM
PRASEODYMIUM
RUBIDIUM
SAMARIUM
SCANDIUM
SELENIUM
SILICON
SILVER
SODIUM
STRONTIUM
SULFATE
SULFITE
SULFUR
TANTALUM
TELLURIUM
TERBIUM
THALLIUM
THORIUM
THULIUM
TIN
TITANIUM
TUNGSTEN
URANIUM
VANADIUM
YTTERBIUM
YTTRIUM
ZINC
ZIRCONIUM
.293E+02
.644E-C1
.644E-01
.322E-01
.290E+00
.129E+00
441E+03
.000E+00
.119E+02
.773E+00
.C00E+00
.000E+00
.213E+03
.966E-01
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00•
.129E+00
.000E+00
.290E-01
.155E+02
.000E+00
.644E-01
.354E+00
.000E+00
.129E+00
.322E+00
.258E+00
BOTTOM ASH
.241E+02
.212E-01
.529E-01
.317E-01
.867E-01
.360E-01
.450E+03
.127E-02
.110E+02
.108E+01
.000E+00
.000E+00
.114E+02
.106E-01
.635E-03
.635E-02
.846E-02
.656E-01
.212E-02
.423E-02
.157E+02
.846E-02
.465E-01
.508E-01
. H8E-01
.131E+00
.486E-01
.195E+00
CYCLONE ASH
.456E+00
.499E-03
.356E-0J
.285E-03
.570E-03
.926E-02
.701E+01
.712E-04
.192E+00
.121E-01
.000E+00
.000E+00
.200E+01
.712E-04
.285E-04
.427E-04
.997E-03
.7B4E-03
.285E-04
.356E-03
.321E+00
.142E-03
.855E-03
.321E-C2
.712E-04
.784E-03
.627E-02
.135E-02
STACK EXHAUST
.566E+00
.315E-03
.179E-02
-------
en
i
co
en
MASS / HEAT INPUT
ELEMENT
ALUMINUM
ANTIMONY
ARSENIC
BARIUM
BERYLLIUM
BISMUTH
BORON
BROMINE
CADMIUM
CALCIUM
CERIUM
CESIUM
CHLORIDE
CHLORINE
CHROMIUM
COBALT
COPPER
DYSPROSIUM
ERBIUM
EUROPIUM
FLUORIDE
FLUORINE
GADOLINIUM
GALLIUM
GERMANIUM
HAFNIUM
HOLMIUM
IODINE
IRON
LANTHANUM
LEAD
LITHIUM
LUTETIUM
MAGNESIUM
MANGANESE
MERCURY
MOLYBDENUM
NEODYMIUM
NICKEL
NIOBIUM
NITRATE
NITRITE
PHOSPHATE
PHOSPHORUS
PLATINUM
ROCK OF AGES
TEST2 - COAL/PET
NG/J
10U + 3U CYCLONES 1U + FILTERS
XAD-2
FIRST IMPINGER 2ND & 3RD IMPINGER
.124E+01
.932E-82
.111E-01
.114E-01
.589E-03
.274E-03
.110E-02
.302E-02
.918E-03
.188E+00
.103E-02
.548E-04
.000E+00
.576E-01
.192E-01
.101E-02
.891E-02
.123E-03
.548E-04
.411E-04
.000E+00
.466E-02
.110E-03
.398E-02
.603E-03
.411E-04
.822E-04
.164E-03
.154E+01
.123E-02
.122E-01
.274E-02
.137E-04
.548E-01
.274E-02
.822E-B4
.192E-02
.658E-03
.343E-02
.398E-03
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000Et00
.234E+00
.000E+00
. 1 76E+00
< .135E-02
.176E-01
.717E-03
. 338E-03
. 1 1 6E-02
> .135E-01
.324E-02
.946E-02
.338E-01
.406E-04
.216E-03
.000E+00
. 406E-02
.270E-02
. 324E-02
. 243E-02
< .676E-05
< .270E-05
. 406E-05
.000E+00
.419E-02
. 135E-04
> . 135E-01
.446E-02
.000E+00
< .406E-05
.946E-04
.533E+00
. 406E-04
. 634E+00
> .419E-02
.000E+00
.135E-01
.541E-02
.149E-05
. 230E-02
.541E-04
. 338E-02
.270E-84
.000E+00
.000E+00
.0B0E+00
.eeeE+ee
.458E-02
.000E+00
.610E-04
.305E-03
.000E+00
.000E+00
.183E-B3
.915E-03
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.610E-03
.000E+00
.131E+00
.214E-02
. 244E-03
.000E+00
.000E-I-00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.238E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.305E-04
.000E+00
.000E+00
.122E-03
.I53E-01
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.641E-03
.586E-02
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.195E-01
.305E-03
.157E-01
.000E+00
.219E-03
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E-I-00
.188E-03
.219E-02
.000E+00
.627E-01
.000E+00
.219E-03
.000E+00
.141E+03
.301E+01
.197E-01
.928E-02
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.131E+01
.000E+00
.721E-03
.313E-04
.000E+00
.313E-02
.611E-02
.141E1-02
.000E+00
.000E+00
.113E-02
.000E+00
.533E-01
.624E-01
.282E-03
.627E-02
.000E+00
.222E+01
.627E-04
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
-627E-e2
.000E+00
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
.000E-I-00
.261E-04
.000E+06
.000E+00
.000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
. 000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
. 000E-H00
.000E+00
N .000E+00
.261E-83
N . 000E-f 00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
-------
ROCK OF AGES
TEST2 - COAL/PET
NG/J
10U + 3U CYCLONES 1U + FILTERS
MASS / HEAT INPUT
ELEMENT
POTASSIUM .167E+00
PRASEODYMIUM .302E-03
RUBIDIUM .302E-03
SAMARIUM .274E-03
SCANDIUM .685E-03
SELENIUM .932E-02
SILICON .205E+01
SILVER .164E-03
SODIUM .713E-01
STRONTIUM .946E-02
SULFATE .000E+00
SULFITE .000E+00
SULFUR .419E+00
TANTALUM .548E-04
TELLURIUM .822E-04
TERBIUM .274E-04
THALLIUM .576E-03
THORIUM .110E-03
THULIUM .110E-04
TIN .480E-03
TITANIUM .114E+00
TUNGSTEN .260E-03
URANIUM .123E-03
VANADIUM .439E-02
YTTERBIUM .137E-03
YTTRIUM .877E-03
ZINC .932E-02
ZIRCONIUM .768E-03
.387E+00
.135E-04
.130E-02
.270E-04
.176E-03
.406E-02
.526E+00
.257E-03
.771E-01
.960E-03
.000E+00
.000E+00
.349E+00
.541E-04
.108E-03
.270E-05
.130E-02
.270E-04
.000E+00
.338E-02
.149E-02
.446E-03
.105E-02
.230E-02
.000E+00
.946E-04
.135E-01
.811E-04
XAD-2
.000E+00
.000E+00
< .30SE-04
.000E+00
.000E+00
.140E-02
.5B0E-01
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.519E-01
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E-I-00
.000E-f00
.214E-82
.000E+00
.000E+00
.305E-04
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
< .610E-04
FIRST IMPINGER 2ND * 3RD 1MPINGER
.125E-01
.000E+00
.188E-03
.000E+00
< .313E-04
.921E-02
.363E+00
.627E-03
.626E+02
.439E-03
.000E+00
.000E+00
.241E+03
.000E+00
.940E-04
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.116E-01
.000E+00
.000E+00
.595E-03
.000E+00
.000E+00
.783E-02
.000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
N
N
N
N
N
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E-1-00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E-1-00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E400
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E400
N .000E+00
-------
MASS / TIME
ELEMENT
ALUMINUM
ANTIMONY
ARSENIC
BARIUM
BERYLLIUM
BISMUTH
BORON
BROMINE
CADMIUM
CALCIUM
CERIUM
CESIUM
CHLORIDE
CHLORINE
CHROMIUM
COBALT
COPPER
DYSPROSIUM
ERBIUM
EUROPIUM
FLUORIDE
FLUORINE
GADOLINIUM
GALLIUM
GERMANIUM
HAFNIUM
HOLMIUM
IODINE
IRON
LANTHANUM
LEAD
LITHIUM
LUTETIUM
MAGNESIUM
MANGANESE
MERCURY
MOLYBDENUM
NEODYMIUM
NICKEL
NIOBIUM
NITRATE
NITRITE
PHOSPHATE
PHOSPHORUS
PLATINUM
FUEL - COAL/PET
.562E406
.864E403
.108E403
.148E+04
.288E+02
.720E402
.504E403
.360E+03
.720E402
.335E405
.144E403
.324E+02
.000E400
.828E+05
.155E404
.324E403
.972E403
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
.256E+04
.000E+00
.180E403
< .360E401
.000E400
.000E400
.324E+02
.137E406
.216E403
.101E+04
.180E403
.000E400
.133E405
.612E403
.720E+01
.612E403
.144E403
.122E405
.720E402
.000E+00
.000E400
.000E400
.612E+04
.000E+00
ROCK OF AGES
TEST2 - COAL/PET
MCG/SEC
BOTTOM ASH
.398E+06
.363E+02
.169E+02
.238E+04
.581E+02
.000E+00
.315E+03
. 121E+02
.968E+01
.627E+05
.102E+03
. 121E+02
.000E+00
.871E+02
.532E+03
.266E+03
.116E+03
.194E+02
.968E+01
.968E+01
.000E+00
.605E+03
.194E+02
.152E+03
.968E+01
.121E+02
.121E+02
.169E+01
.934E+05
.160E+03
.126E+03
.131E+03
. 2!8E-f01
.114E+05
.174E+03
C .242E-01
.3B7E+02
.774E+02
.363E+03
.363E+02
.000E+00
.090E+00
.000E+00
.242E+04
.000E400
CYCLONE ASH
.543E+04
.212E+01
.570E+01
.293E+02
.815E+00
.815E-01
.685E+02
.628E+01
.652E+00
.185E+04
.179E+01
.163E+00
.000E+00
.204E+02
.554E+01
.B15E+00
.367E+01
.407E+00
. 163E+00
.652E-01
.000E+00
.310E+02
.I63E+00
. 179E+01
.6S2E400
< .571E-01
.245E+00
.6S2E400
.919E+04
.285E+01
.570E+01
.310E+02
.163E-01
.350E+03
.220E+01
.937E-01
. 163E401
. 122E401
.318E+01
.734E+00
.000E400
.000E+00
.000E+00
.269E+03
.000E400
STACK EXHAUST
.164E+04
.107E402 .159E+02
.107E+02
.119E+02
.325E+03
.122E+01
.126E+01
.000E+00
. 162E+06
. 347E+04
. 277E+02
.236E+02
.141E+00 .208E+02
.587E+0I
.471E-01
.941E-0KX<.368E401
.743E401
.185E405
.146E401
.739E403
> .922E401
.157E-01
.139E403
.807E402
.145E401
.186E402
.815E400
.255E404
.557E400
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
.906E403
.349E400
-------
CO
CO
oo
MASS / TIME
ELEMENT
POTASSIUM
PRASEODYMIUM
RUBIDIUM
SAMARIUM
SCANDIUM
SELENIUM
SILICON
SILVER
SODIUM
STRONTIUM
SULFATE
SULFITE
SULFUR
TANTALUM
TELLURIUM
TERBIUM
THALLIUM
THORIUM
THULIUM
TIN
TITANIUM
TUNGSTEN
URANIUM
VANADIUM
YTTERBIUM
YTTRIUM
ZINC
ZIRCONIUM
ROCK OF AGES
TEST2 - COAL/PET
MCG/SEC
FUEL - COAL/PET BOTTOM ASH
.328E+05
.720E+02
.720E+02
.360E+02
.324E+03
.144E+03
.493E+06
.000E+00
.133E+05
.864E+03
.000E+00
.000E+00
.238E+06
.108E+03
.000E+00
.000E+00
. 000Et 00
. 144E+03
.000E+00
.324E+02
.173E+05
.000E+00
.720E+02
.396E+03
.000E+00
.144E+03
.360E+03
.288E+03
. 276E+05
.242E+02
.605E+02
.363E+02
.992E+02
.411E+02
.515E+06
.145E+01
.I26E+05
.123E+04
.000E+00
.000E4-00
.I31E+05
. 121E+02
.726E+00
.726E+01
.968E+01
.750E+02
.242E+01
.484E+01
.179E+05
.966E+01
.532E+02
.581E+02
.169E+02
.150E+03
.557E+02
.223E+03
CYCLONE ASH
.522E+03
.571E4-00
.407E+00
.326E+00
.652E+00
.106E+02
.802E+04
.B15E-01
.220E+03
.139E+02
.000E+00
.000E+00
.229E+04
.815E-01
.326E-01
.489E-01
.114E+01
.896E+00
.326E-01
.407E+00
.367E+03
.163E400
.978E+00
.367E+01
.815E-01
.896E+00
.717E+01
.155E+01
STACK EXHAUST
.648E+03
.361E+00
.205E+0KX<.208E+01
.345E+00
.985E+00
-------
o?
i
CO
MASS /TIME
CLEMENT
ALUMINUM
ANTIMONY
ARSCNIC
BARIUM
BERYLLIUM
BISMUTH
BORON
BROMINE
CADMIUM
CALCIUM
CERIUM
CESIUM
CHLORIDE
CHLORINE
CHROMIUM
COBALT
COPPER
DYSPROSIUM
ERBIUM
EUROPIUM
FLUORIDE
FLUORINE
GADOLINIUM
GALLIUM
GERMANIUM
HAFNIUM
HOLMIUM
IODINE
IRON
LANTHANUM
LEAD
LITHIUM
LUTETIUM
MAGNESIUM
MANGANESE
MERCURY
MOLYBDENUM
NEODYMIUM
NICKEL
NIOBIUM
NITRATE
NITRITE
PHOSPHATE
PHOSPHORUS
PLATINUM
ROCK OF AGES
TEST2 - COAL/PET
MCG/SEC
10U + 3U CYCLONES 1U + FILTERS
XAD-2
FIRST IMPINGER 2ND & 3RD IMPINGER
.142E+04
.107E+02
.127E+02
.130E+02
.674E+00
.314E+00
.125E+01
.345E+01
.105E+01
.215E+03
.IIBE-t-01
.627E-01
.000E+00
.659E+02
.220E+02
.116E+01
.102E+02
.141E+00
.627E-01
.471E-01
.000E+00
.533E+01
.125E+00
.455E+01
.690E+00
.471E-01
.941E-01
.18BE+00
-176E-1-04
.141E+01
. 140E+02
.314E+01
.157E-01
.627E+02
-314E+01
.941E-01
.220E+01
.753E+00
.392E+01
.455E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.268E+03
.000E+00
.201E+03
.155E+01
.201E+02
.820E+00
.387E+00
.133E+01
.155E+02
.371E+01
.10SE+02
.387E+02
.464E-01
.248E+00
.000E+00
.464E+01
.309E+01
.371E+01
.278E+01
.773E-02
. 309E-02
.464E-02
.000E+00
.480E+01
.155E-01
.155E+02
.510E+01
.000E+00
.464E-02
.108E+00
.609E+03
.464E-01
.725E+03
> .480E-I-01
.000E400
.155E+02
.619E+01
.170E-02
.263E+01
.619E-01
.387E+01
.309E-01
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.608E+03
.000E+00
.524E+01
.000E+00
.698E-01
.349E-t-00
.000E+00
.000E4-00
.209E+00
.105E+01
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.698E+00
.000E+00
.150E+03
.244E+01
.279E+00
.000E400
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.272E+03
.000E+00
.000E+00
.349E-01
.000E+00
.000E+00
.140E+00
.175E+02
.000E-f00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
. 733E+00
.663E+01
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+06
.000E400
.000E+00
.223E+02
.349E4-00
. I79E+02
.000E+00
.251E+00
. 000E4-00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.215E+00
.251E+01
.000E+00
.717E+02
.000E+00
.251E400
.000E+00
.161E+06
.344E+04
. 226E+02
.106E+02
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.150E+04
.000E+00
.825E+00
.359E-01
.000E+00
< .359E+01
.699E+01
. 161E+05
.000E+00
.000E+00
.129E+01
.000E+00
.609E+02
.713E+02
.323E+00
.717E+01
.000E+00
. 255E+04
.717E-01
.000E+00
.000E+90
.000E+00
.717E+01
.000E+00
N
N
N
N
N
.000E+00
.298E-01
.000E+00
.000E+00
N .000E+08
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
. e00E-t-00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E-f00
.000E+00
N .000E+00
.000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E400
.298E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
.000E400
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
N
N .000E+00
-------
O
MASS / TIME
CLEMENT
POTASSIUM
PRASEODYMIUM
RUBIDIUM
SAMARIUM
SCANDIUM
SELENIUM
SILICON
SILVER
SODIUM
STRONTIUM
SULFATE
SULFITE
SULFUR
TANTALUM
TELLURIUM
TERBIUM
THALLIUM
THORIUM
THULIUM
TIN
TITANIUM
TUNGSTEN
URANIUM
VANADIUM
YTTERBIUM
YTTRIUM
ZINC
ZIRCONIUM
ROCK OF AGES
TEST2 - COAL/PET
MCG/SEC
10U + 3U CYCLONES 1U + FILTERS
.191E403
.345E400
.345E400
.314E400
.7B4E408
.107E402
.235E404
.188E400
.B16E402
.108E+02
.000E+00
.000E+00
.489E403
.627E-01
.941E-61
.314E-01
.659E400
.125E+00
.125E-01
.549E+00
.130E403
.298E400
.141E400
.502E401
.157E400
.100E+01
.107E402
.878E400
.442E403
.155E-01
.149E401
.309E-01
.201E400
.464E+01
.602E403
.294E400
.882E+02
.110E+01
.000E400
.000E400
.399E+03
.619E-01
.124E+00
.309E-02
.149E+01
.309E-01
.000E+00
.387E+01
.170E+01
.S10E-f00
.121£401
.263E+01
.000E400
.108E+00
.155E+02
.928E-01
XAD-2
.000E+00
.000E400
< .349E-01
.000E400
.000E400
.161E+01
.663E402
.000E+00
.000E400
.000E+00
.000E400
.006E+00
.S94E402
.000E400
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E400
.000E400
.000E+00
.000E+00
.244E+01
.000E+00
.000E400
.349E-01
.000E400
.000E400
.060E+00
< .698E-01
FIRST IMPINGER 2ND It 3RD IMPINGER
.143E402
.000E+00
.215E+00
.000E400
< .359E-01
.105E402
.416E+03
.717E+00
.717E+05
.502E+00
.000E+00
.000E400
.276E406
.000E400
.108E400
.000E400
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.133E+02
.000E+00
.000E+00
.6B1E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.896E+01
.000E+00
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
. 000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
. 000E400
.000E+00
N .000E+00
.000E400
. 000E+00
N .000E400
N .000E400
N .000E400
N .000C400
N .000E+00
N .000E400
N .000E400
N .000E400
N .000E+00
N .000E400
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E400
N .000E400
N .000E400
N .000E400
-------
ELEMENT
INPUT
ROCK OF AGES
TEST2 - COAL/PET
BOILER MASS BALANCE
FUEL; OUTPUT - BOTTOM ASH + CYCLONE ASH + SASS TRAIN
TOTAL IN TOTAL OUT
ALUMINUM
ANTIMONY
ARSENIC
BARIUM
BERYLLIUM
BISMUTH
BORON
BROMINE
CADMIUM
CALCIUM
CERIUM
CESIUM
CHLORIDE
CHLORINE
CHROMIUM
COBALT
COPPER
DYSPROSIUM
ERBIUM
EUROPIUM
FLUORIDE
FLUORINE
GADOLINIUM
GALLIUM
GERMANIUM
HAFNIUM
HOLMIUM
IODINE
IRON
LANTHANUM
LEAD
LITHIUM
LUTETIUM
MAGNESIUM
MANGANESE
MERCURY
MOLYBDENUM
NEODYMIUM
NICKEL
NIOBIUM
NITRATE
NITRITE
PHOSPHATE
PHOSPHORUS
PLATINUM
.562E+06
.B64E+03
.108E+03
.14BE+04
.288E+02
.720E+02
.504E+03
.360E+03
.720E+02
.335E+05
.144E+0J
.324E+02
.B28E+05
.t55E+04
.324E+03
.972E+03
.256E+04
.180E+03
X<.360E+ei
.324E+02
.137E+06
.216E+03
.101E+04
.180E+03
.133E+05
.612E+03
.720E+01
.612E+03
. 144E+03
. 122E+05
.720E+02
.612E+04
.405E+06
.491E+02
-------
ELEMENT
INPUT
ROCK OF AGES
TEST2 - COAL/PET
BOILER MASS BALANCE
FUEL; OUTPUT - BOTTOM ASH + CYCLONE ASH + SASS TRAIN
TOTAL IN TOTAL OUT
POTASSIUM
PRASEODYMIUM
RUBIDIUM
SAMARIUM
SCANDIUM
SELENIUM
SILICON
SILVER
SODIUM
STRONTIUM
SULFATE
SULFITE
SULFUR
TANTALUM
TELLURIUM
TERBIUM
THALLIUM
THORIUM
THULIUM
ro TIN
iS TITANIUM
TUNGSTEN
URANIUM
VANADIUM
YTTERBIUM
YTTRIUM
ZINC
ZIRCONIUM
.328E+05
.720E+02
.720E+02
.360E+02
.324E+03
.144E+03
.493E+06
.133E+05
.864E+03
.238E+06
.10BE+03
.144E+03
.324E+02
.173E+05
.720E+02
.396E+03
.144E+03
.360E+03
.288E+03
.288E+05
.251E-I-02
.630E+02
.370E+02
.101E+03
. 792E+02
.526E+06
.273E+01
.846E+05
.126E+04
.292E+06
.123E+02
.108E401
.734E+01
.130E+02
./61E+02
.247E+01
.966E+01
.1B4E+05
.107E+02
.556E+02
.701E+02
.172E+02
.152E+03
.979E402
.225E+03
NOTE: ASSUMING 1U-CYCLONE + FILTER HAS FILTER COMP
MASS BALANCE (OUT/IN)
.878E+00
.349E+00
.875E+00
.103E+01
.311E+00
.550E+00
.107E+01
.636E+01
.146E+01
,123E+01
114E+00
.528E+00
.298E+00
.107E+01
.772E+00
.177E+00
.106E+01
.272E400
.782E+00
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO ~~
EPA-600/7- 86-Olla
2.
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
Environmental Assessment of a Commercial Boiler
Fired with a Coal/Waste Plastic Mixture; Volume I.
Technical Results
7. AUTHOR(S)
5. REPORT DATE
April 1986
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
R. DeRosier, H.I. Lips, andL.R. Waterland
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND AOORESS
Acurex Corporation
Energy and Environmental Division
P. O. Box 7044
Mountain View. California 94039
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-02-3188
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND AOORESS
EPA, Office of Research and Development
Air and Energy Engineering Research Laboratory
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final; 7/83 - 7/84
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/13
is. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES AEERL project officer is Joseph A. McSorley, Mail Drop 65,
919/541-2920. Volume H is a data supplement.
ID. ABSTRACT
The report gives results of comprehensive emissions testing and labora-
tory analyses of a stoker-fired commercial boiler firing a coal/waste plastic mix-
ture. In one test, the unit fired its typical coal fuel; in the other, shredded waste
polyethylene terephthalate (PET) beverage bottles were added to the coal to about
16% by weight in the mixed fuel. NOx, total unburned hydrocarbon, and solid parti-
culate were relatively unchanged for the two tests, as was the emitted particle size
distribution. SOx emissions decreased with the coal/PET fuel in keeping with its
lowered sulfur content; average CO emissions were also decreased. Flue gas emis-
sions of most trace elements were comparable for both tests, as were the trace ele-
ment compositions of corresponding ash streams. However, lead emissions were
significantly increased for the coal/PET fuel, reflecting an increased lead content
of the mixed fuel. The cyclone hopper ash for the coal/PET test had consistently
lower leachable trace element and anion content than for the coal fuel test. Total
flue gas organic emissions were comparable for both tests, in the 1 mg/dscm
range; although levels of several semivolatile priority pollutants were higher for
the mixed fiiel.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATI Field/Group
Pollution
Assessments
Combustion
Coal
Plastics
Polyethylene Terephthalate
Pollution Control
Stationary Sources
Environmental Assess-
ment
Coal/Waste Fuel
13B
14B
21B
21D
111
¥a! DISTRIBUTION STATbMtNT
Release to Public
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
Unclassified
21. NO. OF PAGES
151
20. SECURITY CLASS (This page)
Unclassified
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
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