-------
RESEARCH REPORTING SERIES
Research reports of the Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, have been grouped into nine series. These nine broad cate-
gories were established to facilitate further development and application of en-
vironmental technology. Elimination of traditional grouping was consciously
planned to foster technology transfer and a maximum interface in related fields.
The nine series are:
1. Environmental Health Effects Research
2. Environmental Protection Technology
3. Ecological Research
4. Environmental Monitoring
5. Socioeconomic Environmental Studies
6. Scientific and Technical Assessment Reports (STAR)
7. Interagency Energy-Environment Research and Development
8. "Special" Reports
9. Miscellaneous Reports
•*
This report has been assigned to the INTERAGENCY ENERGY-ENVIRONMENT
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT series. Reports in this series result from the
effort funded under the 17-agency Federal Energy/Environment Research and
Development Program. These studies relate to EPA's mission to protect the public
health and welfare from adverse effects of pollutants associated with energy sys-
tems. The goal of the Program is to assure the rapid development of domestic
energy supplies in an environmentally-compatible manner by providing the nec-
essary environmental data and control technology. Investigations include analy-
ses of the transport of energy-related pollutants and their health and ecological
effects; assessments of, and development of, control technologies for energy
systems; and integrated assessments of a wide range of energy-related environ-
mental issues.
EPA REVIEW NOTICE
This report has been reviewed by the participating Federal Agencies, and approved
for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect
the views and policies of the Government, nor does mention of trade names or
commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use.
This document is available to the public through the National Technical Informa-
tion Service, Springfield. Virginia 22161.
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EPA-600/7-84-095a
September 1984
ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF A
FIRETUBE BOILER FIRING
COAL/OIL/WATER MIXTURES
Volume I
Technical Results
by
R. DeRosier
Acurex Corporation
Energy & Environmental Division
555 Clyde Avenue
P.O. Box 7555
Mountain View, California 94039
Contract No. 68-02-3188
Project Officer
R.E. Hall
Combustion Research Branch
Energy Assessment and Control Division
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
US. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
WASHINGTON, DC 20460
-------
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This test was performed in cooperation with the Adelphi Center for
Energy Studies at Adelphi University, Garden City, Long Island, New York.
The help and cooperation of Terry Kanabrocki, Donald Wright, and John
Dooher of Adelphi University are greatly appreciated as being instrumental to
the success of this test. Special thanks and recognition are also extended
to the Acurex field-test crew of Mark Chips, Pete Kaufmann, and Paul Jarman,
under the supervision of Bruce DaRos.
-------
CONTENTS
Acknowledgments ii
1 Introduction 1-1
2 Source Description 2-1
3 Emission Results .f 3-1
3.1 Boiler Operation and Test Arrangement 3-1
3.2 Criteria Pollutant and Other Gas Phase Species
Emissions 3-4
3.3 Trace Element Analysis Results 3-14
3.4 Organic Species Emissions ..... 3-26
3.4.1 Total Organic Analyses 3-26
3.4.2 Infrared (IR) Spectra of Total Sample
Extracts 3-28
3.4.3 LC Fractionation of XAD-2 Extracts 3-28
3.4.4 Low Resolution Mass Spectrometry
Analysis 3-32
3.4.5 Gas Cnromatography/Mass Spectrometry
(GC/MS) Analysis for POM and Other Organic
Compounds 3-36
3.5 Radionuclides 3-39
4 Environmental Assessment 4-1
4.1 Emissions Assessment 4-1
4.2 Bioassay Results 4-2
4.3 Summary 4-4
Appendix A. Test Equipment and Procedures A-l
Appendix B. Trace Element Concentrations
and Mass Balances B-l
111
-------
FIGURES
Number Page
3-1 Stack gas temperature 3-3
3-2 Sampling locations {sketch not to scale) 3-5
3-3 Flue gas CO and ©2: COW test 3-8
3-4 Flue gas CO and Q^' COW-f-SA test 3-9
IV
-------
TABLES
Number
Page
1-1 Completed Tests During the Current Program 1-4
2-1 Boiler Design Data . 2-2
3-1 Boiler Operating Conditions ^ 3-2
3-2 Flue Gas Emissions 3-6
3-3 Overall Fuel Composition 3-11
3-4 Ultimate Fuel Analyses 3-11
3-5 Sulfur Balance 3-12
3-6 Comparison of Gaseous Emissions Data 3-13
3-7 Particulate Size Distribution 3-15
3-8 Trace Element Emissions In The Flue Gas 3-16
3-9 Relative Trace Element Concentrations Between the
COW and CQW+SA Tests 3-18
3-10 Trace Element Mass Balances: COW Test 3-20
3-11 Trace Element Mass Balances: COW+SA Test 3-23
3-12 Summary of Total Organic Emissions ... 3-27
3-13 Summary of Infrared Spectra of Total Sample
Extracts 3-29
3-14 LC Fraction Gravimetric Results for the COW Test
XAD-2 Extract Sample 3-30
3-15 LC Fraction Gravimetric Results for the COW+SA Test
XAD-2 Extract Sample 3-30
-------
TABLES (CONCLUDED)
Number Page
3-16 Summary of Infrared Spectra of LC Fractions of the
XAD-2 Extract Samples ..... 3-31
3-17 Summary of LRMS Analyses 3-33
3-18 Compound Classes and Fragment Ions Searched for by
Direct Insertion Probe LRMS 3-33
3-19 Organic Extract Summary — COW XAD-2 Extract 3-34
3-20 Organic Extract Summary -- COW+SA XAD-2 Extract .... 3-35
3-21 Compounds Sought in the GC/MS Analysis and Their
Detection Limits 3-37
3-22 Compounds Detected in GC/MS Analysis and Their
Concentrations 3-38
3-23 Participate Radiometric Activity 3-38
3-24 Radiometric Emissions 3-39
4-1 Flue Gas Pollutants Emitted at Concentrations Exceeding
10 Percent of Their Occupational Exposure Guideline . . 4-3
4-2 XAD-2 Extract Bioassay Results 4-5
VI
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SECTION 1
INTRODUCTION
This report describes and presents results for a set of environmental
assessment tests performed for the Environmental Protection Agency's
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory/Research Triangle Park
(EPA-IERL/RTP) under the Combustion Modification Environmental Assessment
(CMEA) program, EPA Contract No. 68-02-3188. The CMEA started in 1976 with a
3-year study, the NOX Control Technology Environmental Assessment (NOX EA,
EPA Contract No. 68-02-2160), having the following four objectives:
• Identify potential multimedia environmental effects of stationary
combustion sources and combustion modification technology
• Develop and document control application guidelines to minimize
these effects
• Identify stationary source and combustion modification RAD
priorities
• Disseminate program results to intended users
During the first year of the NOX EA, data for the environmental
assessment were compiled and methodologies were developed. Furthermore,
priorities for the schedule and level of effort to be devoted to evaluating
the various source/fuel/control combinations were identified. This effort
revealed major data gaps, particularly for noncriteria pollutants (organic
emissions and trace elements) for virtually all combinations of stationary
1-1
-------
combustion sources and combustion modification techniques. Consequently, a
series of seven environmental field test programs was undertaken to fill
these data gaps. The results of these tests are documented in seven
individual reports (References 1-1 through 1-7) and in the NOX EA final
report summarizing the entire 3-year effort (Reference 1-8).
The current CMEA program has, as major objectives, the continuation of
multimedia environmental field tests initiated in the original NOX EA
program. These new tests, using standardized Level 1 sampling and analytical
procedures (Reference 1-9) are aimed at filling the remaining data gaps and
addressing the following priority needs:
• Advanced NOX controls
• Alternate fuels
• Secondary sources
• EPA program data needs
—. Residential oil combustion
— Wood firing in residential, commercial, and industrial sources
— High interest emissions determination (e.g., listed and
candidate hazardous air pollutant species)
• Nonsteady-state operation
In recent years coal-oil mixtures have received significant attention as
potential alternate fuels for utility and industrial boilers as a means of
reducing the consumption of fuel oil in these units, thus reducing the
nation's dependence on expensive and unreliable sources of imported oil.
Although generally still at the R&D stage, coal-oil mixtures (COM) and
coal-oil-water mixtures (COW) with up to 50 percent coal on a weight basis
have been investigated in a number of industrial and utility sources. More
1-2
-------
recently coal-water-slurry (CWS) mixtures with up to 70 percent coal by
weight have been tested. Pending optimization of fuel mixing, storage,
handling, and combustion procedures, these mixtures are considered feasihle
alternatives to oil as a boiler fuel.
An industrial firetube boiler burning a mixture of coal, oil, and water
was selected for multimedia environmental testing under the CMEA program.
The objectives of the tests were to quantify emissions from the boiler
burning COW only, and with soda ash (sodium carbonate) added to the COW for
sulfur oxides emission control. The data presented in this report quantify
stack emissions and identify pollutants of possible concern using results
from standardized sampling and analytical procedures.
In addition to this program, a COM-fired industrial boiler, another
COW-fired industrial boiler, and two CWS-fired industrial boilers were tested
to evaluate further the potential environmental impact of these fuels.
Results of these tests are documented in separate reports (References 1-10
through 1-13). The interested reader is advised to review results from all
these test programs to obtain a more complete evaluation of the environmental
aspects of combustion of COM, COW, and CWS fuel mixtures.
Table 1-1 lists all the sources tested in the CMEA effort, outlining the
source characteristics, fuel used, combustion modifications implemented, and
the level of sampling and analysis performed in each case. Results of these
test programs are discussed in separate reports.
1-3
-------
TABLE 1-1. COMPLETED TESTS DURING THE CURRENT PROGRAM
Source
Description
Test points
unit operation
Sampling protocol
Test collaborator
Spark-Ignited, natural-
gas-fired reciprocating
Internal combustion
engine
Larye bore, 6-cyllnder,
opposed piston, 186-kW
(250 Bhp)/cyl. 900-rpn
Model 38TDS8-1/8
Baseline (pre-NSPS)
Increased air-fuel
ratio aimed at
meeting proposed
NSPS of 700 ppm
corrected to 15
percent $2 ai*d
standard atmospheric
conditions
Engine exhaust:
— SASS
— Method 5
-- Gas sample (CrC6 HC)
~ Continuous NO, NO CO,
C02, 02, CH4, TUHC
Fuel
Lube oil
Fairbanks Morse
Division of Colt
Industries
Compression ignition,
diesel-fired,
reciprocating internal
combustion engine
Large bore, 6-cylinrter
opposed piston, 261-kW
(350 Bhp)/cyl, 900-rpm
Model 38TDD8-1/8
Baseline (pre-NSPS)
Fuel Injection retard
aimed at meeting pro-
posed NSPS of 600 ppm
corrected to IS per-
cent 02 and standard
atmospheric conditions
Engine exhaust:
— SASS
— Method 8
— Method 5
-- Gas sample (CpCc HC)
— Continuous NO, NOX, CO,
C02, 02, CH4, TUHC
Fuel
Lube oil
Fairbanks Morse
Division of Colt
Industries
Low-N0x, residential.
condensing-heat1ng
system furnished by
Karl sons Blueburner
Systems Ltd. of Canada
Residential hot water
heater equipped with
M.A.M. low-HO. burner,
0.55 ml/s (0.5 gal/hr)
firing capacity, con-
densing flue gas
Low-N0x burner design
by M.A.N.
Furnace exhaust:
— SASS
— Method 8
— Method 5
— Gas sample (Cj-Cg HC)
-- Continuous NO, NOX, CO,
C02, 02, CH4. TUHC
Fuel
Waste water
New test
Rocketdyne/EPA
low-NOx residential
forced warm air furnace
Residential warm air
furnace with modified
high-pressure burner and
firebox, 0.83 ml/s
(0.75 gal/hr) firing
capacity
Low-N0x burner design
and integrated furnace
system
Furnace exhaust:
— SASS
— Method 8
-- Controlled condensation
— Method 5
— Gas sample (Cj-C* HC)
-- Continuous NO, NO,, CO.
New test
Fuel
C02, 02, CH4. TUHC
-------
TABLE 1-1. CONTINUED
Source
Description
Test points
unit operation
Sampling protocol
Test collaborator
Pulverized coal-fired
utility boiler,
Conesv1lie station
i
CTi
400-HH tangent tally
fired; new NSPS
design aimed at
meeting 301 ng/J
ESP inlet and outlet,
one test
NOX limit
ESP inlet and outlet
- SASS
— Method 5
-- Controlled condensation
— Gas sample (Cj-C6 HC)
-- Continuous NO, NOX, CO,
Exxon Research and
Engineering (ER4E)
conducting cor-
rosion tests
C02. 02
Coal
Bottom ash
ESP ash
Nova Scotia Technical
College Industrial
boiler
1.14 kg/s steam
(9.000 Ib/hr) firetube
fired with a mixture
of coal -oil -water (COW)
— Baseline (COM)
— Controlled S02
emissions with
limestone injection
Boiler outlet
— SASS
— Method 5
— Method 8
Envirocon per-
formed participate
and sulfur
emission tests
Fuel
Controlled condensation
Gas sample (Cj-Ce HC)
Continuous 02, C02,
CO. NOX
Adelphi University
industrial boiler
1.89 kg/s steam
(15,000 Ib/hr)
hot water
firetube fired with a
mixture of coal-oll-
water (COM)
Baseline (COM)
Controlled S02
emissions with
Na2C03 injection
Boiler outlet
— SASS
— Method b
%— Method 8
%~ Controlled condensation
— Gas Sample (CpCfe HC)
-- Continuous 02. C02, NOX,
S02. CO
Fuel
Pittsburgh Energy
Technology Center (PETC)
industrial boiler
3,03 kg/s steam
(24,000 Ib/hr) watertuhe
fired with a mixture of
coal-oil (COM)
Baseline test only
with COM
Boiler outlet
— SASS
-- Method b
-- Controlled condensation
-- Continuous (>;>, CO?. NOX,
TUHC, CO
Fuel
Adelphi University
PETC and General
Electric (GE)
-------
TABLE 1-1. CONTINUED
Source
Description
Test points
unit operation
Sampling protocol
Test colIdhnrator
TOSCO Refinery vertical
crude oil heater
2.54 Ml/day
(16.000 hhl/clay) natural
draft process heater
burning oil/refinery gas
Ba-seline
Staged combustion
using air injection
lances
Heater outlet
— SASS
-- Method 5
-- Controlled condensation
-- Gas sample (Ci-C6 HC)
— Continuous 62, NOX, CO,
CO?, HC
— N2U grab sample
Fuel oil
Refinery yas
KVB coord mat iny
the stayed com-
bustion operation
and continuous
emission monitoring
Mohawk-Getty Oil
industrial boiler
i
cr.
8.21 kg/s steam
(65,000 Ib/hr)
watertube burning
mixture of refinery gas
and residual oil
Baseline
Ammonia injection
using the noncatalytic
Thermal DeNOx
Process
Economizer outlet
— SASS
— Method 5, 17
— Controlled condensation
— Gas Sample (Cj-Cg HC)
— Ammonia emissions
— N20 grab sample
— Continuous 62, NOX,
CO, C02
Fuels (refinery gas and
residual oil)
New test
Industrial boiler
2.52 kg/s steam
(20,000 Ib/hr) watertube
burning wood waste
Baseline (dry wood)
Viet (green) wood
Boiler outlet
- SASS
— Method 5
-- Controlled condensation
-- Gas sample (Cj-Cj HC)
— Continuous 02, NOX, CO
Fuel
Flyash
North Carolina
Department of
Natural Resources,
EPA IERL-RTP
Industrial boiler
3.16 kg/s steam
(29,000 Ib/hr)
firetube with refractory
firebox burning wood waste
— Baseline (dry wood) Outlet of cyclone participate
col lector
— SASS
— Method b
— Controlled condensation
— Gas sample (Ci-Cb HC)
-- Continuous 62, NOX, CO
Fuel
Bottom ash
North Carolina
Department of
Natural Resources,
EPA IERL-RTP
-------
TABLE 1-1. CONTINUED
Source
Enhanced oi 1 recovery
steam generator
Pittsburgh Energy
Technology Center
(PETC) Industrial
boiler
Test points
Description unit operation
15 MU (SO million Btu/hr) -- Performance mapping
steam generator burning -- Low NOX operation
crude oil equipped with
MH1 low-NOx burner
3.03 kg/s steam — Baseline test only
(24,000 Ih/hr) watertuhe with CUM
fired with a mixture of
coal -water (CUM)
Sampling protocol Test callaborator
Steamer outlet: Getty Oil Company,
— SASS CE-Natco
— Method b
— Method 8
-- Gas sample (Cj - C$ HC)
-- Continuous 02, NOX, CO.
CO?
— N2-J grab sample
Fuel
Boiler outlet: PETC and General
— SASS Electric
— Method 5
— Method H
-- Gas sample (Cj - Cg HC)
-- Continuous 03, NOX, CO,
C02, TUHC
-- N^O grab sample
Fuel
Bottom ash
Collector hopper ash
Internal combustion
engine — nonselective
NOX catalyst
610 kU (BIB hp) Uaukesha
engine equipped with
DuPont NSER catalyst
Baseline
lb-day emissions
monitoring
Catalyst inlet and outlet
-- SASS
- NH3
-"- HCN
-- Grab sample ^0
-- Continuous 0^. 0)3, NOX
TUHC
— fuel
Southern California
Gas Company
Industrial holler
1HO k.j/hr steam
(400 Ib/hr) stoker fired
with a mixture of coal
ami wast.t* plastic
beverage containers
Basel1ne (coal)
Coal and plastic
Hoi ler nutlet
-- SASS
— VOST
-- Met hod b/H
— MCI
-- Continuous tt/,
fl)/, mill
-- N^O samp It*
hid
» lydsh
Hut t inn .ish
I yi lofii- .isli
Vermont Ayetu
Envi riHiincntd)
f ons«'( vdt inn
nt
NO
ill.
-------
TABLE 1-1. CONTINUED
Source
Industrial boiler
i
oo
Description
Test points
unit operation
Sampling protocol
Test CdlIdbordtor
7.6 kij/s steam
(60,000 Ib/hr) water-tube
retrofit for
coal-water-slurry (CMS)
firing
Baseline test with
CHS
30-rtay emissions
monitoring
Boiler outlet
— SASS
- VOST
— Method 5/8
— Grab sample (Ci-C6 HC)
— Grab sample N20
— Continuous NOX, CO. C02,
02, TUHC. S02
Fuel
EPRI, E. I. OuPont
Enhanced oil recovery
steam generator
15 MH (50 million Btu/hr)
steam generator burning
crude oil, equipped with
the EPA/EER low NOX
burner
-- Low NOX (with burner)
— 30-day emission
monitoring
Steamer outlet
— SASS
- VOST
— Method 5/8
— Controlled condensation
Chevron U.S.A.,
EERC
— Anderson impactor
— Grab sample (Cj - C6 HC)
-- N20 grab sample
— Continuous NOX, CO, C02,
02, S02
Fuel
-------
REFERENCES FOR SECTION 1
1-1. Larkin, R. and E. B. Higginbotham, "Combustion Modification Controls
for Stationary Gas Turbines: Volume II. Utility Unit Field Test,"
EPA-600/7-81-122b, NTIS P882-226473, July 1981.
1-2. Higginbotham, E. B., "Combustion Modification Controls for Residential
and Commercial Heating Systems: Volume II. Oil-fired Residential
Furnace Field Test," EPA-600/7-81-123b, NTIS PB82-231175, July 1981.
1-3. Higginbothan, E. B. and P. M. Goldberg, "Combustion Modification NOX
Controls for Utility Boilers: Volume I. Tangential Coal-fired Unit
Field Test," EPA-600/7-81-124a, NTIS PB82-227265, July 1981.
1-4. Sawyer, J. W. and E. B. Higginbotham, "Combustion Modification NOX
Controls for Utility Boilers: Volume II. Pulverized-coal Wall-fired
Unit Field Test," EPA-600/7-81-124b, NTIS PB82-227273, July 1981.
f
1-5. Sawyer, J. W. and E. B. Higginbotham, "Combustion Modification NOX
Controls for Utility Boilers: Volume III. Residual-oil Wall-fired
Unit Field Test," EPA-600/7-81-124c, NTIS PB82-227281, July 1981.
1-6. Goldberg, P. M. and E. B. Higginbotham, "Industrial Boiler Combustion
Modification NOX Controls: Volume II. Stoker Coal-fired Boiler Field
Test — Site A,ft EPA-600/7-81-126b, NTIS PB82-231085, July 1981.
1-7. Lips, H. I. and E. B. Higginbotham, "Industrial Boiler Combustion
Modification NOX Control: Volume III. Stoker Coal-fired Boiler Field
Test — Site B,ft EPA-600/7-81-126c, NTIS P882-231095, July 1981.
1-8. Waterland, L. R., et al., "Environmental Assessment of Stationary
Source NOX Control Technologies — Final Report," EPA-600/7-82-034,
NTIS PB82-249350, May 1982.
1-9. Lentzen, D. E., et al., "IERL-RTP Procedures Manual: Level 1
Environmental Assessment (Second Edition)," EPA-600/7-78-201,
NTIS PB293795, October 1978.
1-10. DeRosier, R., "Environmenal Assessment of a Watertube Boiler Firing
Coal/Oil Mixture," Acurex Report TR-81-87/EE, March 1984.
1-11. Castaldini, C., "Environmental Assessment of an Industrial Boiler
Burning Coal/Oil/Water Mixture," Acurex Report TR-81-86/EE, June
1984.
1-12. DeRosier, R., and L. R. Waterland, "Environmental Assessment of a
Watertube Boiler Firing a Coal-Water-Slurry," Acurex Draft Report
TR-84-156/EE, June 1984.
1-9
-------
REFERENCES FOR SECTION 1 (CONCLUDED)
1-13. VanBuren, D., and L. R. Haterland, "Environmental Assessment of a
Coal-Water-Slurry-Fired Industrial Boiler," Acurex Draft Report
TR-84-155/EE, June 1984.
1-10
-------
SECTION 2
SOURCE DESCRIPTION
The tests were performed on a modified Cleaver Brooks CB400-35Q package
boiler located at Adelphi University in Garden City, Long Island, New York.
This firetube unit utilizes a four-pass design, consisting of a conbustion
section and three convective sections, with the cross^-sectional area
decreasing for each pass. Table 2-1 summarizes the boiler design data.
Changes in the original boiler design include a new fuel feed system to
handle the COW mixture, a modified nozzle, larger atomizing air blowers and
soot blowers. The fuel-feed system mixes the fuel in-line, where it is fed
to a 210 1 .(55-gallon) storage tank. From the tank, the fuel proceeds
through a Moyno pump to a Micro Motion flowmeter and then into the burner
fuel gun. Modifications to the nozzle included increasing the center hole
diameter from 0.64 cm (1/4 in.) to 0.95 cm (3/8 in.) to assure proper flow of
COW. The blower capacity for fuel atomization was increased with the
addition of a larger blower supplied by Cleaver Brooks. Front soot blowers
were also installed. These consist of stainless steel impingers aimed at
each of the three tube passes. These blowers operate on 520 or 620 kPa (75
or 100 psi) compressed air and can complete a full cycle in 15, 30, or 60
minutes as desired.
The first test was run with a COW mixture for approximately 6 hours.
There were no unusual difficulties associated with this test. The second
2-1
-------
TABLE 2-1. BOILER DESIGN DATA
Design heat input, MW 4.1
(106 stu/hr) (14)
Design pressure kPa 1,030
(psig) (150)
Final water temperature, °C 135
(°F) (275)
Water/steam output, kg/hr 5,476
(Ib/hr) (12,075)
Boiler heating surface, m2 163
(ft2) (1,750)
Year built 1979
test, using COW with soda ash (COW+SA) added to reduce S02 emissions, lasted
only 3.5 hours before it had to be terminated because of excessive ash
deposition in the boiler tube passes. After completion of the two tests,
127 kg (281 Ib) of ash were removed from the boiler, which had been cleaned
prior to testing. Based on the fuel composition, fuel flowrate, and
particulate emission rates, 20 percent of this ash was estimated to be
attributed to the COW test and 80 percent to the COW+SA test. Section 3
discusses the boiler operating conditions and fuel composition as well as the
emission results.
2-2
-------
SECTION 3
EMISSION RESULTS
The objective of this test program was to measure and compare exhaust
emissions from the boiler while burning a coal-oil-water (COW) mixture and
COW with soda ash (COW+SA) for sulfur oxides control. This section describes
the test arrangement and presents emissions results.. Section 3.1 summarizes
boiler operating conditions. Sections 3.2 through 3.5 summarize emission
results by pollutant grouping; criteria and other gas phase emissions are
discussed in Section 3.2; trace elements in Section 3.3; organic species in
Section 3.4; and radionuclides in Section 3.5
3.1 BOILER OPERATION AND TEST ARRANGEMENT
Table 3-1 summarizes the boiler operating data for both the COW and the
COW-i-SA tests. The addition of soda ash (sodium carbonate) to the COW caused
the boiler tubes to foul quickly. This is evident from the rapid increase in
stack temperature for the COW+SA test relative to the COW test as shown in
Figure 3-1. The much higher initial stack temperature during the COW+SA test
is partially the result of the ash deposited in the furnace and tube passes
during the COW tests. In fact, the stack temperature at the end of the COW
test is nearly equal to that at the start of the COW+SA test. The observed
fouling rates could preclude using sorbent injection at levels needed to
obtain significant SOX reduction. In addition to the ash deposition effect,
the higher stack temperature during the COW+SA test was also in part caused
3-1
-------
TABLE 3-1. BOILER OPERATING CONDITIONS
COW COW+SA
Fuel flow, kg/hr 433.5 429.5
(Ib/hr) (955.9) (947.1)
Boiler feedwater flow, 1/s 18.5 18.8
(gal/min) (293) (298)
Excess air, percent3 17 14
Temperatures15, °C (°F)
Fuel:
Water return:
Water supply:
Ambient air:
Stack:.
25
(77)
82
(179)
124
(256)
23
(74)
146
(295)
32
(90)
80
(176)
119
(246)
24
(75)
181
(357)
aBased on stack 03 measurement (percent, dry) and fuel analysis.
bAverage over test run.
3-2
-------
Figure 3-1. Stack gas ten|>erattirv.
-------
by the additional thermal mass contributed by the incombustible ash which
lowered the flame temperature, reduced heat transfer in the furnace and,
thus, contributed to higher exit gas temperatures.
Exhaust gas measurements were taken at the three locations shown in
Figure 3-2. The exhaust gas temperature was measured within 1m (3 ft) of the
boiler exit. One set of continuous monitors measured Ng, 0?, COg, ^0 and
S02 in the first horizontal section of flue gas ducting. These readings were
output roughly once per minute to a data acquisition computer as part of the
normal Adelphi University monitoring system. In the second horizontal
section of the duct, the following samples were taken:
• Source Assessment Sampling System (SASS)
• Controlled Condensation System (CCS) (sulfur oxides)
• Grab Sample for C^-Cg hydrocarbon measurement
• EPA Method 5 (particulate)
• Continuous Monitors for 02, C02« CO, NO and NOX
Sampling and analysis procedures conformed to a modified EPA Level 1 protocol
(Reference 3-1).
As a consequence of the rapid boiler fouling with the soda ash addition,
as noted above, the COW+SA test had to be terminated early (after 3.5 hours).
Thus the volume of gas sampled by the SASS train for this test was only about
6 dscm, compared to about 24 dscm for the COW test.
3.2 CRITERIA POLLUTANT AND OTHER GAS PHASE SPECIES EMISSIONS
Table 3-2 summarizes gaseous and particulate emissions measured during
the COW and COW+SA tests. Gas phase species emissions were measured with the
continuous monitoring systems. All data in Table 3-2 were obtained by Acurex
personnel with the exception of the S02 continuous-monitor measurements,
3-4
-------
Continuous monitors
Fuel
SASS
Controlled Condensation
ci-ce
continuous monitors:
02, C02, CO, NO, NOX
Method 5
To stack
Figure 3-2. Sampling locations (sketch not to scale),
3-5
-------
TABLE 3-2. FLUE GAS EMISSIONS
COW test
COW+SA test
Pollutant
Range
Average
Range
Average
As measured:
02, percent dry
C02, percent dry
CO, ppm dry
NO, ppm dry
N02, ppm dry
NOX, ppm dry
S02, ppm
Continuous monitor
Controlled condensation
S03, ppm
Controlled condensation
Water, percent
Corrected
COe
NOe
N02e
NOX (as N02)e
S02
Continuous monitor
Controlled condensation
S03
Controlled condensation
Particulate
SASS
Method 5
1.8-3.7
11.5-15.
0
12->1,000
440-485
5
445-490
1,285-1,
— c
— C
pp^
253
4723
53
4773
1,426
1,089
0.6
mg/dscm
1,972
~f
732
ng/J
113
2133
3.53
3323
1,309
1,061
0.74
722
— f
3.33
13.6
253
466
5
471
1,402
1,071
0.6
8.0
lb/106 Btu
0.0253
0.503
0.00813
0.773
3.23
2.47
0.0017
1.68
— f
2.4-3.8
12.5-14.1
20->1,000
360-455
— b
260-455
2.3-138
c
— C
ppmd ng/J
426 195
427 215
427 330
48.5 50.7
13.6 14.1
0 0
ng /d sen
3,715 1,457
3,721 1,459
3.2
13.0
422
435
— b
435
48
13.4
0
8.0
lb/106 Btu
0.45
0.50
0.77
0.12
0.033
0
3.39
3.39
aAverage over the first 3.5 hours of stable operation.
bNot recorded for this test.
Extractive sample over test duration, range not applicable.
Corrected to 3 percent 02 dry.
eAverage of corrected values.
'Sample not taken.
3-6
-------
which were supplied by Adelphi University. Sulfur oxide emissions were also
measured using the CCS train. Particulate emissions were measured by Adelohi
University using EPA Method 5 and by Acurex using the SASS train. The SASS
train was used primarily for collection of samples for analysis of trace
elements and organic species. Thus, while not the particulate reference
method, it does give a measure of particulate emissions. Equipment and
sampling procedures used for emissions measurement are described in
Appendix A.
Table 3-2 shows that CO emissions in both tests ranged from the low ppm
(12-20) range to over 1,000 ppm. As shown in Figures 3-3 and 3-4, CO
t
emissions increased markedly whenever the 02 level dropped below a certain
critical concentration. For the COW test, the critical flue gas Og was about
3 percent, with CO levels in excess of 1,000 ppm when the 03 level dropped
below 2.5 percent. In the COW+SA test, although the CO levels were higher.
the critical Q£ concentration was also higher, around 3.2 percent. The
addition of soda ash to the COW mixture greatly increased CO emissions. This
may be explained by the lower flame temperature caused by the addition of
large amounts of incombustible material which must also be heated. Thus,
combustion efficiency is lowered and more CO remains unconverted to C02-
Besides the increase in average CO emissions, the soda ash addition
produced a greater variation in CO emissions. In the COW test, CO emissions
fluctuated within a 20 ppm range when the flue gas 02 was above 3 percent.
This fluctuation increased to ±40 ppm when the 03 level dropped below the
3 percent level. With the addition of soda ash, CO emissions fluctuated
within a 100 ppm range when flue gas 03 was above 3.2 percent, increasing to
±400 ppm when the 02 level dropped below 3.2 percent. In both cases, the
3-7
-------
CO
00
8.
o.
240
220
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
50
40
30
20
10
,'_;:
! 1 /
I
I
I
.— ^ '
80
(SI
o
o •-«
O
o
o
CM
o
o
CM
o
CM
CM
O
O
o
CM
o
o
o
CM
TIME
Figure 3-3. Flue gas CO and O2: COW test.
CM
O
o
o
in
o
CM
in
-------
1.000
900
800
700
| 600
500
400
300
200
100
CM
O
§
O
s
o
o
CM
o*
o
O —i
TIME
o
csi
o
ooo
^-ocvj
o ^-^«i
Figure 3-4. Flue gas CO and 03: COW+SA test.
3-9
-------
CO levels showed peaks during periods of soot blowing. With the drop in 02
levels below the critical point, the peaks increased in amplitude, reaching
greater than 1,000 ppm with COW+SA, where they had been below 150 ppm with 03
levels greater than 3.2 percent. From the increased fluctuation in CO
levels, it appeared that combustion was less stable and more sensitive to &2
levels when soda ash was added to the COW mixture.
NOX emissions were only slightly lowered with soda ash addition. In the
COW test NOX emissions averaged 477 ppm, while NOX emissions for COW+SA
averaged 427 ppm (both at 3 percent Og, dry). This 10 percent reduction
might be attributable to the lower flame temperatures caused by the larger
amounts of inert matter in the fuel as shown by the fuel composition data
given in Tables 3-3 and 3-4. Although ultimate analysis of the parent fuels
were not available, the nitrogen content of this coal was probably on the
order of 1 to 1.5 percent since oil generally contains less nitrogen than
coal. As shown, the nitrogen content of COW fuels was about 0.75 percent.
S02 emissions decreased significantly (over 95 percent) with the
addition of soda ash from a total 1,310 ng/J to 51 ng/J (heat input) measured
with continuous monitors and from 1,061 ng/J to 14 ng/J measured with the
controlled condensation train. Table 3-5 presents results of sulfur mass
balance calculations using controlled condensation test data. In the COW
test, emitted sulfur accounted for 45 percent more sulfur than was introduced
in the fuel. However, in the second (COW+SA) test, they accounted for only
66 percent of the fuel sulfur.
The sulfur imbalance of the COW test may be attributed to an
overestimation of the sulfur as sulfates in the particulate sample. The
imbalance in the COW+SA test may be attributed to sulfur retained in the
3-10
-------
TABLE 3-3. OVERALL FUEL COMPOSITION (PERCENT BY WEIGHT)
COW
COW+SA
Coal
Oil
Water
Soda ash
42
42
16
"•"•"
38.6
39.2
14.5
7.7
TABLE 3-4. ULTIMATE FUEL ANALYSES (PERCENT BY WEIGHT)*
COW
COW+SA
Carbon, C
Hydrogen, H
Nitrogen, N
Sulfur, S
Oxygen, 0 (by difference)
Ash
Heating valueb kJ/kg
(Btu/lb)
Moisture*3
78.02
8.60
0.76
1.93
6.69
4.00
31,413
13,491
15.60
71.74
7.83
0.73
1.90
4.63
13.17
26,952
11,575
15.54
aDry basis, except as noted,
bAs received. '
3-11
-------
TABLE 3-5. SULFUR BALANCE (ng/J AS SULFUR)
COW COW+SA
Inlet:
Fuel
Outlet:
Flue gas
S02a
S03a
Parti culate S
Total out
Out/in, percent
614 705
530.5 7.1
0.37
>363 458
894 465
145 66
aFrom controlled condensation train.
furnace and firetube deposits as Na2S03 and NagSO^ As discussed earlier,
after the COW+SA test, approximately 127 kg (281 Ib) of deposits were removed
from the boiler. Assuming that 80 percent of these deposits are due to the
second test (the remaining 20 percent to the first COW test) and that they
have the same sulfur concentration as the particulate flyash (1.2 and
12.6 percent sulfur for the COW and COW+SA tests, respectively), the sulfur
mass balances (out/in, Table 3-5) change to 148 percent and 126 percent for
the COW and COW+SA tests, respectively.
Table 3-6 presents a comparison of the gas stream measurements where
they were recorded by more than one set of instruments. For purposes of
consistency, the results obtained by Acuvax are used throughout this report,
3-12
-------
TABLE 3-6. COMPARISON OF GASEOUS EMISSIONS DATA (DRY)
cow
Adelphi
Emission University3 Acurex
02, percent 3.0 3.3
COj, percent 14.2 13.6
S02 ppm as measured 1,524^
S02, ppm as measured 1,382C 1,071
COW+SA
Adelphi
University3 Acurex
3.3 3.2
14.2 13.0
52b
30. 2C 13.4
aMeasurements were made wet. Corrected based on moisture contents
ranging from 6.5 to 8 percent measured by Adelphi.
^Averaged over the entire test duration.
cAveraged over the time period the controlled condensation train was
sampling.
while the others are used only for comparison. The Adelphi University
instruments reported results on a wet basis. These were converted to a dry
basis using the Adelphi University continuous monitor water measurements,
although later calibration showed these values to be 2 to 2.5 percent low.
The only significant discrepancy between the two data sets is in the S02
measurements. The Acurex CCS measurements are consistently, and
significantly, lower (about 23 percent for the COW test and 55 percent for
the COW+SA test) than the Adelphi continuous monitor data.
The particulate concentrations during the COW+SA test measured by
Adelphi University personnel using a Method 5 particulate sampling train
(3,715 mg/dscm) closely agrees with the SASS result (3,721 mg/dscn).
Method 5 tests were only performed for the second test. Particulate
3-13
-------
enissions increased during the second test (from the SASS data), as might be
expected due to the higher ash input. This increase was significant
(100 percent), despite the high ash deposition rate in the boiler.
Table 3-7 shows relative size distribution of the particulate and total
ash weight collected by the SASS train. The changes in particulate size
distribution between the two tests are substantial. In the COW test, the
particulate is about evenly split among the three cut sizes provided by the
cyclones. Particulate matter with aerodynamic size less than 1 ym (filter
catch) accounts for only 5 percent of the total sample for the COW test. In
contrast to this, the CQW+SA particulate of less than 1 ym accounts for
nearly 70 percent of the total mass collected. While particulate matter
collected in the cyclones shows a tendency toward the greater than 10 ym
size, the size distribution is heavily offset by the fine particulate in the
COW+SA test.
The fact that the particulate for the COW+SA test is comprised of mostly
fine (<1 ym) particles should not be too surprising. This would be expected
since the soda ash additive was originally in solution in the aqueous phase
of the COW.
3.3 TRACE ELEMENT ANALYSIS RESULTS
The SASS train samples from the boiler outlet were analyzed for 73 trace
elements using Spark Source Mass Spectrometry (SSMS) and Atomic Absorption
Spectroscopy (AAS). Once the trace element concentrations were determined by
laboratory analysis, trace element flowrates for flue gas vapor and condensed
phases could be computed. Appendix B presents trace element concentrations
and flowrates.
3-14
-------
TABLE 3-7- PARTICIPATE SIZE DISTRIBUTION
SASS
catch
>10 MR
3 to 10 um
1 to 3 urn
(
-------
TABLE 3-8. TRACE ELEMENT EMISSIONS IN THE FLUE GAS
COW test
COW+SA test
Element
Aluminum
Antimony
Arsenic
Barium
Beryllium
Bismuth
Boron
Bromine
Cadmium
Calcium
Cerium
Cesium
Chlorine
Chromium
Cobalt
Copper
Dysprosium
Erbium
Europium
Fluorine
Gadol inium
Gallium
Germanium
Hafnium
Holmium
Iodine
Iron
Lanthinum
Lead
Lithium
Lutetium
Magnesium
Manganese
Mercury
Molybdenum
yg/dscm
>150
5.0
160
>1,200
12
14
82
49
1.1
>1,800
150
7.7
150
>1,100
29
130
10
5.1
3.9
140
9.9
82
41
2.6
7.1
4.0
>2,700
120
780
110
0.57
>2,000
>1,100
0.47
72
ug/dscm
>1,200
1.6-3.4
88
1,100
2.9
<0.22
130
76
1.1
>1,100
66
2.9
>3,300
400
9.6
140
2.1
0.93
6.2
410
3.1
33
24
0
1.0
3.1
>5,300
61
930
33
0.21
>2,300
400
65-85
100
3-16
-------
TABLE 3-8. CONCLUDED
Element
Neodymium
Nickel
Niobium
Phosphorus
Platinum
Potassium
Praseodymium
Rubidium
Samarium
Scandium
Selenium
Silicon
Silver
Sodium
Strontium
Sulfur
Tantalum
Tellurium
Terbium
Thallium
Thorium
Thulium
Tin
Titanium
Tungsten
Uranium
Vanadium
Ytterbium
Yttrium
Zinc
COW test
yg/dscm
50
>1,100
30
>2,000
1.6
>1,500
30
98
38
110
160
>1,400
0.60-0.87
>790
510
9.9xl05
0.89
0.45
3.3
20
34
0.89
3.5
>2,000
5.7
150
920
6.3
125
>1,100
COW+SA test
ug/dscn
5.2
650
8.5
850
11
>1,200
3.4
76
5.2
6.4
67
>1,000
9.5
>850
110
1.2 x 106
0
0.31-0.58
0.41
8.5
4-17
0.31
3.5
1,700
6.3
57-68
680
2.1
40
280
Zirconium
250
85
3-17
-------
'ABLE 3-9. RELATIVE TRACE ELEMENT CONCENTRATIONS BETWEEN THE COW AND
COW+SA TESTS
Unable to determine
because of large
concentration3
Within factor
of 2b
Factor of 2-3b
Greater than
factor of 3C
Barium
Nickel
Iron
Titanium
Calcium
Potassium
Phosphorus
Silicon
Aluminum
Magnesium
Sodium
Lead
Tungsten
Europium
Lanthanum
Iodine
Tel lurium
Tin
Cadmium
Molybdenum
Rubidium
Bromine
Arsenic
Germanium
Copper
Vanadium
Boron
Sulfur
Uranium
Thorium
Thallium
Lutetium
Ytterbium
Thulium
Cerium
Cesium
Antimony
Zirconium
Selenium
Gallium
Cobalt
Fluorine
Bismuth*
Mercury
Platinum
Tantalum*
Hafnium*
Erbium*
Holmium*
Dysprosium*
Terbium*
Gadol inium*
Samarium*
Neodymium*
Praseodymium*
Sil ver
Niobium*
Yttrium*
Strontium*
Zinc*
Manganese*
Chromium*
Scandium*
Chlorine
Beryllium*
Lithium*
Concentrations exceeded the upper detection limit of the
SSMS analysis in either or both tests.
^Changes in concentration with a factor of 3 indicated that within
the accuracy of the analysis, concentrations in both tests are
essentially equal.
CA "*" has been used to indicate where the concentration in the COW
test exceeded that in the COW+SA test by a factor of 3.
3-18
-------
in the COW flue gas sample. The chlorine levels exhibit the largest change
(IbU yg/dscm increased to >3,300 pg/dscm) fron the COW to COW+SA tests. This
contrasts with the much smaller change in chlorine content of the fuel fron 1
ppm to 2 ppm with addition of soda ash. The high concentrations of chromiun,
nickel, iron, and silicon measured could be in part due to contamination
inherent in the methodologies used. For example, chromium and nickel could
come from the stainless steel sampling train parts. In addition, high
concentrations of chromium, iron, and silicon may be introduced by the
quartz-lined stainless steel Parr bomb used to prepare the SASS sorbent resin
for SSMS analysis. ••
Table 3-10 summarizes the trace element mass balances for all the trace
elements detected in the COW test samples. Only iodine, silver, zirconium,
cobalt, scandium and fluorine show mass balance ratios exceeding a factor
of 3. Sixteen elements were detected in the flue gas but not the fuel, while
eight were detected in large concentrations in both fuel and flue gas.
Thirty balanced within a factor of 3.
Trace element mass balances for the COW+SA test are summarized in
Table 3-11. However, because the large quantity of ash deposited in the
boiler was not subjected to trace element analysis, interpretation of trace
element mass balance is hindered. This is substantiated by the fact that
most mass balance (out/in) figures noted in Table 3-11 are significantly less
than unity. Also, because the COW+SA test was of relatively short duration,
the exhaust gas concentrations are considered less accurate than those for
the COW test. Only 10 elements balanced within a factor of 3 for this test,
while 30 of the elements were definitely outside this accuracy range.
3-19
-------
TABLE 3-10. TRACE ELEMENT MASS BALANCES: COW TEST
Element
Aluminum
Antinony
Arsenic
Barium
Beryl lium
Bismuth
Boron
Bromine
Cadmium
Calcium
Cerium
Cesium
Chlorine
Chromium
Cobalt
Copper
Dysprosium
Erbium
Europium
Fluorine
Gadolinium
Gallium
Germanium
Hafnium
Holmium
Iodine
Iron
Lanthanum
Lead
Lithium
COW fuel
(1n)(wg/s)
>2,400
480
2,640
36
240
84
4.8
>12,000
120
36
120
720
240
360
6
840
120
72
48
>12,000
240
48
120
Exhaust gas
(out)(pg/s)
>210
6.7-7.7
220
>1,650
170
1.9
110
68
1.6
>2,500
203
108
210
>1,500
41
180
14
7.1
5.5
190
14
110
57
3.6
9.8
5.5
>3,800
165
1,080
150
Mass balance (out/in)
a
a
0.47
>0.62
0.47
a
0.48
0.80
0.34
a
1.7
0.30
1.7
>2.0
0.17
0.49
a
a
0.91
0.22
a
0.95
0.79
a
a
0.12
a
0.69
2.3
1.2
Indicates that a mass balance calculation was not posible because
concentration of the element in the fuel was less than detectable
or the concentration in both input and output streams exceeded the
upper detection limit of the analysis.
3-20
-------
TABLE 3-10. CONTINUED
El ement
Lutetium
Magnesium
Manganese
Mercury
Molybdenum
Neodymium
Nickel
Niobium
Phosphorus
Platinum
Potassium
Praseodymium
Rubidium
Samarium
Scandium
Selenium
Silicon
Silver
Sodium
Strontium
Sulfur
Tantal urn
Tellurium
Terbium
Thallium
Thorium
Thulium
Tin
Titanium
Tungsten
COW fuel
11,000
1,200
120
72
960
60
4,200
>12,000
36
240
48
36
360
>12,000
9.6
>6,100
940
2.7xl06
48
48
6
> 12 ,000
Exhaust gas
(out)(ug/s)
0.79
>2,800
>1,500
0.65
100
70
> 1,400
41
>2,700
2.3
>2,100
41
140
53
150
220
>1,900
0.83-1.2
> 1,100
710
1.4xl05
1.2
0.57-0.68
4.6
27
47-50
1.2
4.9
>2,700
7.9
Mass balance (out/in)
a
>0.25
>1 .2
a
0.83
0.97
>1 .5
0.68
>0.65
a
a
1.1
0.57
1.1
4.1
0.61
a
0.086-0.13
a
0.74
0.50
a
a
a
0.57
1.0
a
0.81
a
a
aIndicates that a mass balance calculation was not posible because
concentration of the element in the fuel was less than detectable
or the concentration in both input and output streams exceeded the
upper detection limit of the analysis.
3-21
-------
TABLE 3-10. CONCLUDED
Element
Uranium
Vanadium
Ytterbium
Yttrium
Zinc
COW fuel
(1n)(ug/s)
84
1,800
360
720
Exhaust gas
(out)(yg/s)
29-210
1,300
8.8
170
>1,500
Mass balance
2.5
0.71
a
0.48
>2.0
(out/in)
Zirconium 73 340 4.7
Indicates that a mass balance calculation was not posible because
concentration of the element in the fuel was less than detectable
or the concentration in both input and output streams exceeded the
upper detection limit of the analysis.
3-22
-------
TABLE 3-11. TRACE ELEMENT MASS BALANCES: COW+SA TEST
El ement
Aluminum
Antimony
Arsenic
Barium
Beryl 1 i urn
Bismuth
Boron
Bromine
Cadmi urn
Calcium
Cerium
Cesium
Chlorine
Chromium
Cobalt
Copper
Dysprosium
Erbium
Europium
Fluorine
Gadolinium
Gal 1 i urn
Germanium
Hafnium
Hoi mi urn
Iodine
Iron
Lanthanum
Lead
Lithium
COW+SA
490
> 12, 000
27
120
240
>12,000
1,300
120
240
12,000
12
590
47
<12
24
71
59
120
no
24
24
>12,000
1,300
240
12
Exhaust gas
(out)(ng/s)
>1,500
2.1-4.3
110
1,300
36
<0.26
160
95
1.4
> 1,400
84
3.7
>410
500
12
170
2.6
1.2
0.78
520
3.9
42
30
1.3
3.9
>6,700
76
1,200
410
Mass balance (out/in)
>0.032
a
a
<0.11
0.15
a
1.4
0.40
a
a
0.064
0.032
>17
<0.042
1.0
0.29
0.055
>0.099
0.033
7.3
0.066
0.36
0.28
0.0
0.055
a
a
0.059
4.9
3.5
aIndicates that a mass balance calculation was not posible because
concentration of the element in the fuel was less than detectable
or the concentration in both input and output streams exceeded the
upper detection limit of the analysis.
3-23
-------
TABLE 3-11. CONTINUED
Element
Lutetium
Magnesium
Manganese
Mercury
Molybdenum
Neodymium
Nickel
Niobium
Phosphorus
Platinum
Potassium
Praseodymium
Rubidium
Samarium
Scandium
Selenium
Silicon
Si 1 ver
Sodium
Strontium
Sulfur
Tantalum
Tellurium
Terbium
Thallium
Thorium
Thulium
Tin
Ti t an i urn
Tungsten
COW+SA
(in)(ug/s)
>12,000
6,200
590
240
2,000
240
>12,000
>12,000
240
<83
95
71
590
>12,000
>12,000
3,400
2.6xl06
24
<24
470
>12,000
110
Exhaust gas
(out)(Mg/s)
0.26
>2,900
510
81-110
130
6.5
820
11
>1,300
13
>1,500
4.3
96
6.5
7.8-8.3
84
>1,300
12
>1,800
140
8.5xl06
0.39-0.73
0.52
11
5.2-22
0.39
2.8
2,200
8.0
Mass balance (out/in)
a
<0.090
0.083
a
0.21
0.028
0.41
0.045
a
a
a
0.018
>1.2
0.069
0.11
0.14
a
a
a
0.041
3.2
a
a
0.022
>0.45
0.011-0.045
a
a
<0.18
0.075
aIndicates that a mass balance calculation was not posible because
concentration of the element in the fuel was less than detectable
or the concentration in both input and output streams exceeded the
upper detection limit of the analysis.
3-24
-------
TABLE 3-11. CONCLUDED
El ement
Uranium
Vanadium
Ytterbum
Yttrium
Zinc
COW+SA
(In)
1,700
8,000
1,500
360
Exhaust gas
(out)
71-85
860
2.6
51
350
Mass balance (out/i
0.043-005
0.11
a
0.033
0.99
n)
Zirconium 1,400 110 0.076
alndicates that a mass balance calculation was not posible because
concentration of the element in the fuel was less than detectable
or the concentration in both input and output streams exceeded the
upper detection limit of the analysis.
3-25
-------
3.4 ORGANIC SPECIES EMISSIONS
Organic analyses were performed on specified flue gas samples according
to EPA Level 1 protocol (Reference 3-1) as outlined in Appendix A. Volatile
organic species having boiling points in the Cj to Cg range of less than
100°C (212°F) were determined by analysis of flue gas grab samples by on-site
gas chromatography. The SASS train particulate, organic module sorbent
(XAD-2), and organic module condensate samples were extracted with methylene
chloride in a Soxhlet apparatus. The extracts were then subjected to total
chromatographable organic (TCO) and gravimetric (GRAV) analyses to determine
species within the 100° to 300°C (212° to 572°F), and greater than 300°C
(572°F) boiling point ranges, respectively. Infrared spectra of the GRAV
residue of the extracts were also obtained. The XAD-2 extract samples were
subjected to further separation by liquid column chromatography followed by
infrared analyses of the resulting fractions and low resolution mass
spectrometry analysis of selected fractions. Because the organic content
(TCO + GRAV) of other extract samples was less than 15 mg, they were not
subjected to further analyses.
3.4.1 Total Organic Analyses
Table 3-12 summarizes organic emissions from the C^ to Cg, TCO, and
gravimetric analyses. Total organic emissions doubled during the second test
with the soda ash additive. The largest increases occurred in the
nonvolatile organics which have boiling points greater than 300°C (572°F),
which tripled from 2.9 mg/dscm to 9.0 mg/dscm. Emissions of semivolatile
organics in the boiling-point range of 100* to 300°C (212° to 572°F) were
negligible in both tests while the Cj to Cs hydrocarbon levels were
3-26
-------
TABLE 3-12. SUMMARY OF TOTAL ORGANIC EMISSIONS (mg/dscm)
Organic emissions COW COW+SA
Volatile organic gases
analyzed in the field by
gas chromatography
C2 0.9
c3
C4 2.9 4.1
c5
Total Cj - C6 3.8 4.1
Semi volatile organic material
analyzed by TCO
XAD-2 cartridge <0.04 <0.2
Organic module condensate <0.004 <0.002
Total C7 - C16 <0.04 <0.02
Nonvolatile organic analyzed
by gravimetric procedure
10 + 3 vm cyclones <0.2 2.0
Filter + 1 ym cyclone <0.3 2.0
XAD-2 cartridge 2.9 5.0
Organic module condensate <0.2 <0«7
Total > C16 2.9 9.0
Total organics 6.7 13.1
3-27
-------
essentially the same for both tests. For both tests the participate organic
fraction was less than 0.1 percent by weight. For comparison, a recent
report on flue gas organic emissions from coal- and oil-fired utility and
industrial boilers indicates total organic concentrations in the range of
0.124 to 4.32 mg/dscm (Reference 3-2).
3.4.2 Infrared (IR) Spectra of Total Sample Extracts
The results of the IR spectrometric analyses of total sample extracts
are summarized in Table 3-13. IR spectrometry is used to identify the
organic functional groups present in the sample. As noted, the XAD-2 extract
spectra suggested the presence of oxygenated compounds such as aldehydes,
ketones, esters, or carboxylic acids in this sample from both tests. The
spectra of both particulate fractions for the COW+SA test were consistent
only with the presence of aliphatic hydrocarbons. The spectra of both
particulate fractions for the COW test, as well as the OMC extract spectra
for both tests, were too weak for interpretation.
3.4.3 1C Fractional on of XAD-2 Extracts
The XAD-2 extracts from both tests were subjected to liquid
chromatography separation with GRAV and IR analyses of each fraction. Since
the TCO content of both total sample extracts was less than detectable (see
Table 3-12), TCO analyses of LC fractions were not performed. Tables 3-14,
3-15, and 3-16 present the results of the LC separation and subsequent IR
analyses. Similar LC elution patterns exist for both tests, and the IR
results suggest that similar compounds were present for both tests.
Essentially all absorbances present in the total sample extract (see Table
3-13) were present in the fractions. Higher total organic levels were found
3-28
-------
TABLE 3-13. SUMMARY OF INFRARED SPECTRA OF TOTAL SAMPLE EXTRACTS
I
ro
10
Sample
10 + 3 tim
participate
1 pin * filter
partlculate
XAO-2 extract
Organic module
condensate
Wave
number
(cm-l)
2910
2B50
1770
1450
1280
1130
970
Intensity8
No
No
S
S
S
M
S
S
M
No
COM test
Possible
assignment
peaks
peaks
CH alkyl
CM alkyl
C=0 stretch
C-H bend
C-0 stretch
C-0 stretch
C-C stretch
peaks
Possible
compound
categories
present
Aliphatic,
hydrocarbons,
carboxyllc
acids, and other
oxygenates such
as aldehydes
and ketones
Wave
number
(cm*1)
2910
2840
2920
2840
2920
2840
1730
1270
1070
Intensity3
S
S
S
S
S
S
M
W
W
No
COW+SA test
Possible
assignment
CH alkyl
CH alkyl
CH alkyl
CH alkyl
CH alkyl
CH alkyl
C=0 stretch
C-0 stretch
C-0 stretch
peaks
Possible
compound
categories
present
Aliphatic
hydrocarbons
Aliphatic
hydrocarbons
Aliphatic
hydrocarbons,
carboxyllc
acids, and other
oxygenates such
as aldehydes
and ketones
aS: strong, M: moderate, U: weak
-------
TABLE 3-14. LC FRACTION GRAVIMETRIC RESULTS FOR
THE COW TEST XAD-2 EXTRACT SAMPLE*
Fraction mg/dscm ng/J
LCI
LC2
LC3
LC4
LC5
LC6
LC7
0.59
0.50
0.42
<0.08
<0.08
0.25
0.13
0.22
0.18
0.15
<0.03
<0.03
0.09
0.05
Total 1.9 0.69
aBased on total organics recovered in each
fraction corrected from total sample taken for
LC to total organics in the original sample.
TABLE 3-15. LC FRACTION GRAVIMETRIC RESULTS FOR THE
COW+SA TEST XAD-2 EXTRACT SAMPLEa
Fraction mg/dscm ng/J
LCI
LC2
LC3
LC4
LC5
LC6
LC7
<0.2
1.0
1.5
0.3
<0.2
0.3
<0.2
<0.08
0.40
0.60
<0.12
<0.08
0.12
0.08
Total 3.1 1.24
aBased on total organics recovered in each
fraction corrected from total sample taken for
LC to total organics in the original sample.
3-30
-------
TABLE 3-16. SUMMARY OF INFRARED SPECTRA OF LC FRACTIONS OF THE XAD-2
EXTRACT SAMPLES
COW test
COW+SA test
LC
fraction
LCI
Wave
number
(cm-1)
2920
2840
1740
1270
Intensity9
S
S
M
M
Possible
assignment
CH alkyl
CH alkyl
C=0 stretch
C-0 stretch
Wave
Possible compound number
categories present (cm"!)
Aliphatic hydrocarbons,
some oxygenates such as
aldehydes or carboxylic
acids
Possible
Intensity8 assignment
No peaks
Possible compound
categories present
CO
CO
LC2 No peaks
LC3 NO peaks
LC4 No peaks
LC5 No peaks
LC6 2860 S CH alkyl Oxygenated hydrocarbons
1110-1070 M C-0 stretch such as alkehydes,
ketones, or alcohols
LC7 NO peaks
2920
1730
1270
2920-2380
1730
1270
S
S
S
S
M
M
CH alkyl
C=0 stretch
C-0 stretch
CH alkyl
C=0 stretch
C-0 stretch
Aliphatic hydrocarbons.
some oxygenates such as
carboxylic acids
Aliphatic hydrocarbons,
some oxygenates such as
aldehydes or carboxylic
acids
No peaks
No peaks
No peaks
No peaks
aS: strong; M: moderate, W: weak
-------
in all LC fractions of the COW+SA samples than their COW counterparts, which
is consistent with the TOO and GRAV results on the total sample extracts.
The oxygenated compounds suggested could be carboxylic acids, ketones,
aldehydes, or alcohols. However, these compounds usually elute in LC4 to LC6
(Reference 3-1), not LCI, LC2, or LC3, where they appeared in these tests.
3.4.4 Low Resolution Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Total Extracts
'and LC Fractions
Table 3-17 presents the results of low resolution mass spectrometry
(LRMS) analysis of those samples which had a total organic (TCO + GRAV)
content corresponding to flue gas emissions greater than 0.5 mg/dscm.
Table 3-18 lists the compound classes and characteristic fragment ion
searched for by direct insertion probe LRMS to identify then. Since the TCO
content of the extract samples was negligible, only direct insertion probe
LRMS was performed in accordance with Level 1 procedures. In addition to the
compound classes found and noted in Table 3-17, there existed a background
level of aliphatic hydrocarbons in all samples. The LRMS data agree with the
IR insofar as detecting aliphatic hydrocarbons. However, where IR indicated
the presence of various organic oxygenated compounds in the XAD extract, LRMS
analysis generally did not confirm such findings. The LRMS analysis of the
filter + 1 um particulate from the COW+SA test did, however, indicate the
presence of phenols.
Tables 3-19 and 3-20 summarize organic analysis results for the COW and
COW+SA tests, respectively. The top portion of each table summarizes the TCO
and GRAV analyses of the organic sorbent XAD-2 extracts eluted in the seven
liquid chromatography fractions (LC). The bottom portions of the tables
summarize the organic categories found in the samples using low resolution
3-32
-------
TABLE 3-17. SUMMARY OF LRMS ANALYSES
Test Sample Chemical class found3
COW XAD LC fraction 1 Aliphatic hydrocarbons
XAD LC fraction 2 None
XAD LC fraction 3 None
COW+SA XAD LC fraction 1 Aliphatic hydrocarbons
XAD LC fraction 2 None
XAD LC fraction 3 None
10 [jm + 3 ym particulate Aliphatic hydrocarbons
total extract
1 yci + filter particulate Aliphatic hydrocarbons
total extract Phenols
aGeneral background of aliphatic hydrocarbons throughout all
samples.
TABLE 3-18. COMPOUND CLASSES AND FRAGMENT IONS SEARCHED
FOR BY DIRECT INSERTION PROBE LRMS
Compound class Fragment ions (m/e~)
Aliphatic hydrocarbons 57,71,85
Halogenated aliphatics 63,65
Polycyclic aromatics 178,202,228,252
Halogenated ethers 63,65,73
Alcohols 75,89,103
Phenols 51,77,94
Halogenated phenols 162,196
Nitrophenols 139
Phthalate esters 149,167
Amines 84,98
Nitrosamines 44,58
N-heterocyclics 167,193
Mercaptans 47,61
Sulfides 75,89,103
Benzothiophenes 134
Carboxylic acids 60,73
Carboxylic acid esters 74,87
3-33
-------
TABLE 3-19. ORGANIC EXTRACT SUMMARY - COW XAD-2 EXTRACT
LCI LC2 LC3 LC4 1C 5
Total organics, tug 14 12 10 <2 <2
TCO, mg
GRAV, mg 14 12 10 <2 <2
LC6 LC7 Total
6 3 45
<1
6 3 45
Assigned intensity — mg/dscm
Category LCI LC2 LC3 LC4 LC5
Aliphatic HC'sa 100-0.59
Aldehydes, ketones,
acids 100-0.50 100-0.42
Alcohols
LC6 LC7 Total
0.59
100-0.13 1.05
100-0.25 0.25
aAliphatic background present in all LRHS samples.
3-34
-------
TABLE 3-20. ORGANIC EXTRACT SUMMARY - COW+SA XAO-2 EXTPACT
LCI
Total organics. mg <1
rco, mg
GRAV, mg
-------
spectromety (LRMS), as supplemented by inferences from the IR analyses,
and their estimated concentrations based on the total organic level in the
samples. The conclusions to be drawn from these data are:
• Aliphatic hydrocarbons are definitely present as indicated by IR and
LRMS of both COW and COW+SA samples
• Aldehydes, ketones, or carboxylic acids are probably present as long
chains since they were detected in LC2 and LC3 (not LC4 or LC6)
and are unconfirmed by LRMS
• Alcohols may be present in the COW XAD-2 extract since they
were suggested by the IR analysis of LC6
3.4.5 Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) Analysis for POM and
Other Organic Compounds
Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry {GC/MS} analyses of the SASS
extracts (10 ^m + 3 ym particulate, 1 pR + filter particulate, XAD-2, and
organic module condensate) were performed to detect and quantify specific
polycyclic organic (POM) and other organic compounds (the semi volatile
organic priority pollutant species). The compounds sought in the analysis
and their respective detection limits are listed in Table 3-21. Table 3-22
lists the concentrations of the compounds detected in the various extracts.
With the exception of the XAD-2, all the extracts showed POM at or below the
detection limits. The phenanthrene and fluoranthene concentrations detected
in the COW test, at 0.1 and 0.05 ^g/dscm, respectively, are somewhat less
than the concentration of phenanthrene detected in the COW+SA test (0.7
ug/dscm). This observation is consistent with the fact that the COW+SA flue
gas samples had higher levels of total organic content than those for the COW
test.
3-36
-------
TABLE 3-21. COMPOUNDS SOUGHT IN THE GC/MS ANALYSIS AND THEIR DETECTION
LIMITS (ng/yl INJECTED)
2,4,6-trichlorophenol
p-chloro-m-cresol
2-chlorophenol
2,4-dichlorophenol
2,4-dimethylphenol
1,2,4-tri chlorobenzene
Acid Compounds
5 2-nitrophenol
5 4-nitrophenol
5 2,4-dinitrophenol
5 4,6-dinitro-o-cresol
5 pentachlorophenol
phenol
Base Neutral Compounds
1,
2,
1
1,2-dichlorobenzene 1
1,2-diphenylhydrazine 1
(as azobenzene)
1,3-dichlorobenzene 1
4-dichlorobenzene 1
.4-dinitrotoluene 1
2,6-dinitrotoluene 1
2-chloronaphthalene 1
3,3'-dichlorobenzidine 5
3-methyl cholanthrene 40
4-brotnophenyl phenyl ether 1
4-chlorophenyl phenyl ether 1
7,12-dimethyl benz(a)anthracene 40
N-nltrosodi-n-propylamine 5
N-nitrosodimethylamine NA
N-m"trosodi phenyl ami ne 1
acenaphthene 1
acenaphythylene 1
anthracene 1
benzo(ghi)perylene 5
benzidine 20
benzo(b)fluoranthene 1
benzo(k)fluoranthene 1
benzo(a)anthracene 1
benzo(a)pyrene 1
benzo(c)phenathrene
bis(2-chloroethoxy)nethane
bis(2-chloroethyl)ether
bis(2-chloroisopropy!)ether
bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
butyl benzyl phthalate
chrysene
di-n-butyl phthalate
di-n-octyl phthalate
di benzo{a,h)anthracene
dibenzo{c,g)carhazole
diethyl phthalate
dimethyl phthalate
fluoranthene
fluorene
hexachlorobenzene
hexachlorobutadiene
hexachlorocyclopentadi ene
hexachloroethane
indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene
isophorone
naphthalene
nitrobenzene
perylene
phenanthrene
pyrene
5
20
20
20
5
1
40
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
5
40
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
5
1
1
1
40
1
1
3-37
-------
TABLE 3-32. COMPOUNDS DETECTED IN GC/MS ANALYSIS AND THEIR CONCENTRATIONS
(ug/dscm)
COW test
10 urn + 3 urn
cyclones
Filter +
1 urn cyclone
XAD-2
extract CMC
Total
Fluoranthene
Phenanthrene
Other polynuclears
<0.05
<0.05
<0.05
<0.07
<0.07
<0.07
0.05
0.1
<0.05
<0.04
<0.04
<0.04
0.05
0.1
<0.07
COW+SA test
10 urn + 3 urn Filter + XAD-2
cyclones 1 urn cyclone extract OMC
Total
Phenanthrene
Other polynuclears
<0.3
<0.3
<0.3
<0.3
0.7
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
0.7
<0.3
TABLE 3-23. PARTICULATE/RADIOMETRIC ACTIVITY (pCi/g SAMPLE)*
Alpha
Beta
Gamma
COW test
10 urn + 3 urn
1 urn + filter
COW+SA test
10 ym + 3 urn
1 urn + filter
196.7 ±
224.1 ±
93.7 ±
24.8 ±
20.0
47.7
8.5
4.8
79.3 ±
128.8 ±
40.5 ±
16.3 ±
11.3
38.6
14.7
2.9
183 ± 292
553 ± 300
219 ± 293
100 ± 290
aThe _+ values are the 2 sigma Poisson standard deviation of the
counting error
3-38
-------
3.5 RADIONUCLIDES
Radiometric activities of the participate catch from the SASS fain
cyclones and filter are presented in Table 3-23. Alpha plus beta
activities were converted to the emission rates shown in Table 3-24. For
comparison, the radionuclide emissions (excluding radon) calculated for a new
and an older coal-fired power plant are 0.17 and 0.80 pCi/g of fuel,
respectively (Reference 3-3). While the COW and COW+SA emissions are higher
by factors of 40 and 16 than the new powerplant model cases, it should be
noted that the models represent emissions after control devices, while the
measurements for these tests were taken from the uncontrolled gas stream
coming directly from the boiler. Thus, these results can be considered
within the normal range associated with coal combustion.
TABLE 3-24. RADIOMETRIC EMISSIONS^
Emission rate
Test pCi/s pCi/g fuel
COW 817 6.78
COW+SA 314 2.63
aAlpha plus Beta only.
3-39
-------
REFERENCES FOR SECTION 3
3-1. Lentzen, D.E., et.al., "IERL-RTP Procedures Manual: Level 1
Environmental Assessment (Second Edition)", EPA 600/7-78-201,
NTIS PB293795, October 1978.
3-2. Waterland, L.R., et al., "Environmental Assessment of Stationary Source
NOX Control Technologies — Final Report," EPA-600/7-82-034,
NTIS PB82-249350, May 1982.
3-3. "Radiological Impact Caused by Emissions of Radionuclides into the Air
in the United States -- Preliminary Report," EPA 520/7-79-006,
NTIS PB80-122336, August 1979.
3-40
-------
SECTION 4
ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT
This section discusses the potential environmental significance of the
boiler tested, including results of the bioassay testing of samples collected
during the tests. As a means of ranking species discharged for possible
further consideration, flue gas stream species concentrations are compared to
occupational exposure guidelines. Bioassay analyses were conducted as a more
direct measure of the potential health effects of the emission stream. Both
these analyses are aimed at identifying problem areas and providing the basis
for ranking of pollutant species and discharge streams for further
consideration.
4.1 EMISSIONS ASSESSMENT
To obtain a measure of the potential significance of the discharge
streams analyzed in this test program, discharge stream concentrations were
compared to an available set of health-effects-related indices. The indices
used for comparison were occupational exposure guidelines. Two sources of
such guidelines were used: the time-weighted-average Threshold Limit Values
(TLV's) defined by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial
Hygienists (ACGIH) (Reference 4-1) and 8-hr time-weighted-average exposure
limits established by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration
(OSHA) (Reference 4-2).
4-1
-------
The comparisons of discharge stream species concentrations to these
indices should be used only for ranking species emission levels for further
testing and analyses.
Table 4-1 lists those pollutant species emitted in the flue gas
discharge stream at levels greater than 10 percent of their occupational
exposure guideline for either the COW or the COW+SA test. As noted in the
table, several trace elements were present in the boiler outlet for either or
both tests at significant levels. However, flue gas particulate accounts for
the major fraction of these elements in the flue gas at this location.
Ultimate flue gas discharge concentrations would be significantly reduced
after passage through a particulate control device.
For comparison, the gaseous criteria pollutants S02 and NOX were emitted
at levels over 100 times their occupational exposure guidelines. NOX
emissions were at levels about 150 times its occupational exposure guideline.
S02 emissions for the COW test were almost 600 times its occupational
exposure guideline. Emissions of S02 were decreased significantly using the
soda ash additive, while changes in emission levels of other species were
less substantial. The data in Table 4-1 suggest that the most significant
environmental affect of soda ash addition for S02 control would be the
attendant reduction in S02 emissions.
4.2 BIOASSAY RESULTS
Health effects bioassay tests were performed on the organic sorbent
(XAD-2) extracts by the SASS train for both tests. A detailed description of
the biological analyses performed is presented in Volume II (Data Supplement)
of this report. The bioassay tests performed (Reference 4-3) were:
4-2
-------
TABLE 4-1. FLUE GAS POLLUTANTS EMITTED AT CONCENTRATIONS EXCEEDING
10 PERCENT OF THEIR OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE GUIDELINE
Flue gas concentration
(mg/dscm)
Pollutant
S02
NOX
Chromium, Cr
Barium, Ba
Phosphorus, P
Lead, Pb
Vanadium, V
Arsenic, As
Nickel, Ni
CO
Beryllium, Be
Iron, Fe
Platinum, Pt
Lithium, Li
Uranium, U
503
Fluorine, F
Copper, Cu
Zinc, In
Chlorine, Cl
Silver, Ag
Calcium, Ca
Mercury, Hg
Selenium, Se
Potassium, K
Cobalt, Co
Sodium, Na
Magnesium, Mg
Manganese, Mn
Titanium, Ti
Thallium, Tl
Silicon, Si
Yttrium, Y
Biomine, Bi
COW test
2,900
900
>1.1
>1.2
>2.0
0.78
0.92
0.16
>1.1
29
0.012
2.7
0.0016
0.11
0.15
2.0
0.14
0.13
>1.1
0.15
<0. 00087
>1.8
0.00047
0.16
>1.5
0.029
>0.79
>2.0
>1.1
>2.0
0.020
>1.4
0.13
0.049
COW+SA test
36
830
0.40
1.1
0.85
0.93
0.68'
<0.089
0.65
490
0.0028
5.3
0.011
0.033
<0.068
—
0.41
0.14
0.28
3.3
0.0095
>1.1
<0.085
0.067
>1.2
<0.0097
>0.85
>2.3
0.41
1.7
0.0085
>1.0
0.040
0.076
Occupational
exposure
guideline3
(mg/m3)
5.0
6.0
0.050
0.50
0.10
0.050&
0.050
0.010b
0.10
55
0.0020
1.0
0.0020
0.025
0.050&
1.0
0.20&
0.10b
1.0
3.0
0.010
2.0
0.10
0.20
2.QC
0.050
2.0C
10
5.0C
-j
10d
0.10
10d
1.0
0.70
aTime-weight-average TLV (Reference 4-1) unless noted.
b8-hr time-weight-average OSHA exposure limit (Reference 4-2)
cCeiling limit.
dFor nuisance particulate.
4-3
-------
• Ames assay, based on the property of Salmonella typhimurium mutants
to revert due to exposure to various classes of mutagens
• Cytotoxicity assay (CHO) with mammaliam cells in culture to measure
cellular metabolic impairment and death resulting from exposure to
soluble toxicants
The results of these assays are summarized in Table 4-2. As noted in
the table, the XAD-2 extract from the COW test exhibited moderate to high
mutagenicity, and moderate toxicity. The XAD-2 extract from the COW+SA
test was of high mutagenicity. The toxicity of this sample in the CHO assay
could not be absolutely determined due to limited sample quantity. However,
toxicity was determined to be moderate or less. These are common bioassay
responses for combustion source XAD-2 extracts. Current studies are
investigating whether such bioassay responses are due to artifact compounds
formed when combustion product gas containing NOX is passed over XAD-2
resin.
4.3 SUMMARY
A comprehensive emissions testing program was performed on a 4.1 MW
(14 million Btu/hr) industrial boiler while burning a coal-oil-water (COW)
mixture, and while burning COW with soda ash (sodium carbonate) (COW+SA)
added for S02 control. Evidence of furnace fouling was seen when burning the
COW fuel in the form of a steadily increasing stack temperature. The rate of
fouling increased rapidly when soda ash was added to the fuel. In fact the
COW+SA test burn had to be terminated after 3.5 hours.
SOg emissions were decreased almost 99 percent with the soda additive,
from 1,089 to 13.6 ppm at 3 percent 02 (based on controlled condensation
4-4
-------
TABLE 4-2. XAD-2 EXTRACT BIOASSAY RESULTS
Bioassay
Test Amesa CHOb
COW M/H M
COW+SA H 300°C, or C^ organic) emissions of which increased from 2.9
to 9.0 mg/dscm. Volatile organics (Ci to C$ compounds with boiling points
4-5
-------
nominally less than 100°C) emissions remained relatively constant at about
4 mg/dscm. Negligible amounts of semivolatile organics (<40 yg/dscm) were
emitted in both tests. Aliphatic hydrocarbons appeared to be the predominant
compound category comprising the emitted organics, although the presence of
oxygenates such as carboxylic acids, aldehydes, ketones, and alcohols was
indicated.
Of the semivolatile organic priority pollutant species analyzed,
only phenanthrene and fluoranthene at respective levels of 0.1 and
0.05 ug/dscm were detected in the COW test flue gas samples; only
phenanthiene was found in the COW+SA test samples, though at a
significantly higher level of 0.7 ug/dscm.
REFERENCES FOR SECTION 4
4-1. "Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents in
the Work Environment with Intended Changes for 1983-84," American
Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, Cincinnati, Ohio,
1983.
4-2. OSHA Safety and Health Standards, 29 CFR 1910, Subpart Z.
4-3. Brusick, D. J., and R. R. Young, "IERL-RTP Procedures Manual: Level 1
Environmental Assessment, Biological Tests," EPA-600/8-81-024,
NTIS PB81-228766, October 1981.
4-6
-------
APPENDIX A
TEST EQUIPMENT AND PROCEDURES
A.I CONTINUOUS MONITORING SYSTEM
Rack-mounted monitors and recorders located In a mobile emission
laboratory were used for continuous measurement of NOX, CO, C02, and 03.
Figure A-l illustrates the continuous flue gas extractive sampling system and
monitors arrangement. Flue gas is drawn through an in-stack filter and a
heated stainless steel probe to a gas conditioning and refrigeration system
designed to remove water. The gas conditioning system permits water dropout
without scrubbing of water soluble N02 from the gas. An unheated line is
then used to bring the conditioned gas to the monitors. Calibration gases
were used to monitor and correct the drift in the instruments. The
calibration gases follow the same path as the flue gas being monitored in
that both are conditioned at the stack prior to analysis. Table A-l lists
the instrumentation constituting the continuous monitoring and flue gas
extractive sampling system used in this test program.
The Adelphi University continuous monitoring system consists of a
Perkin-Elmer multiple gas analyzer M6A-1200 which uses mass spectrometry to
measure gas concentrations. Table A-2 lists the short form specifications of
the MGA-1200. Samples were taken from the flue gas after it leaves the
boiler approximately once per minute and the results (^0, 03, C02, Ng and
503) output through a data acquisition computer.
A-l
-------
filter 0.6y. 99.999 percent efficient
2. Duct
3. 316 stainless steel probe
4. Four pass conditioner-dryer, 316 stainless steel Internals
5. 3/8-Inch unheated Teflon
6. Teflon-lined sample pump
7. 3/8-Inch unheated Teflon
8. Rotameter
9. 1/4-Inch Teflon tubing
10. Calibration gas manifold
11. Calibration gas selector valve
12. Calibration gas cylinders
13. Backpressure regulator
14. Auxiliary analysis port
Duct
SO- analyzer
(not used)
Figure A-l. Schematic of the continuous monitoring system.
A-2
-------
TABLE A-l. CONTINUOUS MONITORING EQUIPMENT IN THE MOBILE LABORATORY
Instrument
NO
NOX
CO
C02
02
Sample gas
conditioner
Strip chart'
recorder
Principle of Instrument
operation Manufacturer model
Chemi luminescence Thermo Electron 10 AR
Nondispersive ANARAD 500R
infrared (NDIR)
Nondispersive ANARAD AR500
infrared (NDIR)
Fuel cell Teledyne
Refrigerant Hankinson E-4G-SS
dryer-condenser
Dual pen Linear 400
analog
2ange
0-100 ppn
0-500 ppn
0-1,000 ppn
0-5,000 ppm
0-1,000 ppn
0-20 percent
0-5 percent
0-25 percent
10 scfm
0-10 mV
0-100 mV
0-1V
0-10V
TABLE A-2. SPECIFICATIONS OF ADELPHI CONTINUOUS MONITOR
Calibration accuracy ±0.1 percent
Drift ±0.1 percent per hour
Response time <1 sec for 0 to 90 percent response
Sample inlets
Gas measured
n
02
C02
S02
10 sec for 99.9 percent response
2
Range
0 to 20 percent
0 to 20 percent
0 to 20 percent
0 to 100 percent
0 to 10 percent
A-3
-------
A.2 ^ARTICULATE TESTS
A participate mass emission measurement during the COW+SA test was
performed by Adelphi University personnel for the COW+SA test. The emission
test was similar to EPA Method 5 except that an equal radii rather than an
equal area traverse was used. Condensible particulate matter was not
reported. A schematic of the Method 5 sampling train is shown in
Figure A-2.
A.3 SULFUR EMISSIONS
Sulfur emissions (S02 and $03) were measured using the controlled
condensation system illustrated in Figure A-3. This sampling system,
designed primarily to measure vapor phase concentrations of $03 as ^$04,
consists of a heated Vycor probe, a modified Graham condenser (condensation
coil), impingers, a pump, and a dry gas test meter. By using the modified
Graham condenser, the gas is cooled to the dew point where $03 condenses as
^504. S02 interference is prevented by maintaining the temperature of the
gas above the water dew point. Sulfur dioxide is collected in a 3 percent
hydrogen peroxide solution. Both SOg and $03 (as ^$04) are measured
by titration with a 0.02 N NaOH using bromophenol blue as the indicator. A
more detailed discussion of the sampling and analytical techniques for the
controlled condensation system is given in Reference A-l.
A.4 TRACE ELEMENT AND ORGANIC EMISSIONS
Emissions of inorganic trace elements and organic compounds were sampled
with the Source Assessment Sampling System (SASS). Designed and built for
EPA's Process Measurement Branch for Level 1 environmental assessment
(Reference A-2), the SASS collects large quantities of gas and solid samples
A-4
-------
,— Cyclone
Stack temperature T.C.
Impingers
Probe temperature T.C
\\\\\vv\\\\\v\
PUot P
magnehelic
Fine adjustment
pass valve
Orifice AP
magnehelic gage
Dry test meter
Vacuum
gage
Coarse
adjustment
valve
Air tight
vacuum
pump
.Vacuum
line
Figure A-2. Participate sampling train schematic,
-------
Fine adjustment by pass valve
Coarse adjustment valve
Glass 90" elbo
Adapter for connecting hose
TC wel
Asbestos cloth
Insulation
Orifice
magnehelic-
qa
-------
required for subsequent analyses of inorganic and organic enissions as well
as particle size measurement.
The SASS system, illustrated in Figure A-4, is generally similar to t^e
system utilized for total particulate mass emission tests with the exception
of:
• Particulate cyclones heated in the oven with the filter to 230°C
(450°F)
• The addition of a gas cooler and organic sampling module
• The addition of necessary vacuum pumps
Schematics outlining the sampling and analytical procedures using the
SASS equipment are presented in Figures A-5 and A-6.
Inorganic analyses of solid and liquid samples from the SASS train were
performed with Spark Source Mass Spectroscopy (SSMS) for most of the trace
elements. Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS) was used for analyses of
mercury (Hg), antimony (Sb), and arsenic (As).
Quantitative information on total organic emissions was obtained by gas
chromatography for total chromatographable organics (TCO) and by gravimetry
(6RAV) of methylene chloride extracts of particulate samples and samples
collected in the sorbent module (XAD-2) and condensate trap. Infrared
Spectroscopy (IR) and Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectroscopy (GC/MS) were used
for identification of organic functional groups and polycyclic organic
matter (POM) and other organic species (the semivolatile organic priority
pollutant compounds) in SASS sample extracts. Liquid Chronatography (LC) of
extract samples containing more than 15 mg total organic into seven polarity
fractions, followed by GRAV and IR analyses, and analysis by Low Resolution
Mass Spectrometry (LRMS) of fractions containing >0.5 mg/dscm were performed
A-7
-------
Filter
Stack T.C.
00
Convection
oven
3/«" Teflon Line
lOu
I
'F w '
' ft
Gas cooler
temperature
T.C.
Stack velocity
magnehellc gauges
Oven
T.C.
1/4"
Teflon
Line
Sorbent
cartridge
Imp/cooler
trace element
collector
Gas
meter Coarse adjustment
T'C- Fine valve
>\ adjustment
valve
Vacuum pomps
(10ft3/M each)
Orifice d.j A
maynehelic gauge
Dry test meter
J/8' Teflon Line
-30t Hydrogen
Peroxide (H
Vacuum
gage
T/C
Ice bdtti
600 gram
Si°Z
Oesicant
0.2M Silver
Nitrate,
. 2M Aiiionium
Persulfate
•Heavy Wall
Vacuum Line
Figure A-4. Source Assessment Sampling Train Schematic
-------
SAMPLE
SORBEN7 CARTRIDGE —
AQUEOUS CONOENSATE
SECOND ANO THIRD
(MOiureoe cnuDiucn
V)
U*
w jj
5" ""a 5
i" ZV *
« So. 5
* *a § « a
S "a s £ 1
« 25 > * 5 *
X UCC 0 I 2 U
w o o o M a K 2
*Sw' S 9
i^-K^17
*
/ * * *
SPLIT Ny
SCRAMS
^ AQUEOUS PORTION
\^ ORGANIC EXTRACT _ _
> PARR/ACID DIGESTION
» SSMS
•i A
COMBINE
"^\
M
9
*
U1
4
>
9
TOTALS
S 2 S
S 1
• II r»auir«d. »mpn ihoulo b« Mt MM*
-------
>
I
Figure A-6. Flue gas analysis protocol.
-------
to better identify and quantitate specific organic categories present.
Figure A-7 illustrates the organic analysis methodology followed during t^e
current program.
Passivation of the SASS train with 15 percent by volume HN03 solution
was performed prior to equipment preparation and sampling to produce
biologically inert surfaces. Detailed description of equipment preparation,
sampling procedures, and sample recovery are discussed in Reference A-2 and
will not be repeated here. These procedures were followed in the course of
the current test program.
A.5 GX TO C6 HYDROCARBON SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS
Acurex used a grab sampling procedure in order to obtain samples of
flue gas for C^ to Cg hydrocarbon analysis. Samples of the flue gas were
extracted using a heated glass probe (Figure A-8). The probe was attached to
a heated 250-ml gas sampling bulb. The probe was maintained at 150°C (302°F)
and the gas sampling bulb at 130°C (266°F). A diaphragm pump was used to
pull samples through the probe and sampling bulb. This purge was continued
until all visual signs of condensation had disappeared. At that time, the
back stopcock of the sampling bulb was closed and the pump was disconnected.
Once the sampling bulb pressure had come to equilibrium with the stack
pressure, the sample was sealed and transported to the onsite laboratory for
analysis.
The gas sampling bulbs were equipped with septum ports. A gas-tight
syringe was used to extract a measured amount of sample. Samples were
analyzed on a gas chromatograph (GC) with a flame ionization detector (FID).
Both methane and nonmethane hydrocarbons were measured with each injection
using a Varian Model 3700 GC with FID, automatic injection loop, and an
A-ll
-------
Organic Extract
or
Neat Organic Liquid
! I
Concentrate
Extract
» t
GC/MS Analysis,
POM, and other Infrared Analysis
organic species
•
t t
Repeat TCO
Gravimetric Analysis
if necessary
Aliquot containing
15-100 mg
}
Solvent
Exchange
I
Liquid
Chromatographic
Separation
1
MM
t t t
Seven Fractions
1
t t
Infrared Analysis
f
Mass Spectra
Analysis
TCO
Gravimetric
Analysis
Figure A-7. Organic analysis rethodology.
A-12
-------
Duct
I
t—'
to
1. Heated glass probe
2. Teflon stopcock
3. 250-ml heated glass gas sampling bulb
4. Tubing connection
5. Sample pump (1 cfm)
Figure A-8. C\ to C§ hydrocarbon sampling system.
-------
automatic linear temperature programming capability located onsite.
Table A-3 details the instrument specifications.
The GC was calibrated before and after each test in order to determine
instrument drift. Blank samples were also run in order to quantify any
sampling equipment interferences.
Sample data were recorded continuously on a strip chart recorder. After
the detection of the methane peak, the column was back -flushed to the
detector for analysis of the remaining nonmethane hydrocarbons. Each gas
sampling bulb was analyzed several times to ensure a representative sample
analysis.
TABLE A-3. GAS CHROMATOGRAPH SPECIFICATIONS
Varian Model 3700 Gas Chromatograph:
Sensitivity 1 x 10-12 A/mv at attenuation 1
and range 10"12
Zero range -10-H to 10'9 A (reversible
with internal switch)
Noise (inputs capped) 5 x 10~15 A; 0.5 WV peak to peak
Time constant 220 ms on all ranges (approximate
1 sec response to 99 percent
of peak)
Gas required Carrier gas (helium), combustion
air, fuel gas (hydrogen)
REFERENCES FOR APPENDIX A
A-l. Maddalone, R. and N. Gainer, "Process Measurement Procedures:
Emissions", EPA-600/7-79-156, NTIS PB80-115959, July 1979.
A-2. Lentzen, D.E., et al., "IERL-RTP Procedures Manual: Level 1
Environmental Assessment (Second Edition), EPA-600/7-78-201, NTIS
PB293795, October 1978.
A-14
-------
APPENDIX B
TRACE ELEMENT CONCENTRATIONS AND MASS BALANCES
The following tables present sample trace element analysis results and
trace element discharge stream concentrations. The tables labeled '"ppm"
represent element analysis results (microgram per gram) for each sample
analyzed. Compositions for the fuel and all SASS train samples (10 and 3 um
participate, filter and 1 ym participate, XAD-2 resin, first impinger, and
second and third impingers) are noted. The tables labeled ug/sec, ng/Joule,
and yg/dscm give calculated trace element concentrations in each of these
units for the fuel and for all SASS train samples. The tables denoted as
"exhaust gas" represent the appropriate sum of SASS train samples.
Symbols appearing in the tables include:
OSCM Dry standard cubic meter at 1 atm and 20°C
MCG Microgram
PPM Part per million by weight
SEC Second
ng/J Nanogram per Joule
< Less than
> Greater than
N Element not analyzed
U Unable to determine
B-l
-------
Trace elements having concentrations less than the detectable limit or
having a blank value greater than the sample value were given an arbitrary
concentration of zero. Values in the form A < x < B were determined by
letting elements reported as less than some concentration be represented by a
concentration of zero for the low value and the reported concentration as the
high value.
Detectability limits for the various SASS samples were the following:
• Filter — <0.1 pg/g
• XAD-2 ~ <0.1 ug/g
• Impinger and organic module concentrate —
-------
MASS FLOW
ELEMENT
ALUMINUM
ANTIMONY
ARSENIC
BARIUM
BERYLLIUM
BISMUTH
BORON
BROMINE
CADMIUM
CALCIUM
CERIUM
CESIUM
CHLORINE
CHROMIUM
COBALT
COPPER
DYSPROSIUM
ERBIUM
EUROPIUM
FLUORINE
GADOLINIUM
GALLIUM
GERMANIUM
HAFNIUM
HOLMIUM
IODINE
IRON
LANTHANUM
LEAD
LITHIUM
LUTETIUM
MAGNESIUM
MANGANESE
MERCURY
MOLYBDENUM
NEODYMIUM
NICKEL
NIOBIUM
PHOSPHORUS
PLATINUM
POTASSIUM
PRASEODYMIUM
RUBIDIUM
SAMARIUM
10+3 MICRON
ADELPHI
COW + SODA ASH
MCG/SEC
1 MICRON + FILTER
XAO-2
1ST IMPINGER
> . 124E+03
.783E+00
.261E+02
.587E+03
.261E+01
< .261E+00
.939E+02
.274E+02
.391E+00
> .130E+04
.587E+02
-130E+01
.704E+03
.639E+02
.261E+01
.378E+02
.261E401
.117E+01
.783E+00
.104E+02
.391E+01
.183E+02
.130E+02
.000E+00
.130E+01
.261£+01
> .130E+04
.574E+02
.574E+03
.170E+02
.261E+00
> .130E+04
-417E+03
< .127E+02
.313E+02
.652E+01
129E+03
.652E+01
.535E+03
.000E+60
> .130E+04
.26IE+01
.274E+02
.652E+01
.783E+01
U
.000E+00
.136E+01
.847E+02
.745E+03
.984E+00
.000E+00
.646E+02
.665E+02
.000E+00
J .000E+00
.169E+02
.203E+01
> .339E+04
.281E+03
.674E+01
.406E+02
.000E+00
. 000E+00
.000E+00
.472E+03
.000E+00
.237E+02
.169E+02
.000E+00
.000E+00
.132E+01
> .339E+04
.135E+02
.576E+03
.203E+02
.000E+00
.140E+04
.677E+92
< .125E+02
.847E+02
.000E+00
.575E+02
.339E+01
.532E+03
.000E+00
U
000E+00
.169E+01
.677E+02
.000E+00
< .306E400
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.536E+01
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.804E+01
.000E+00
.268E+02
. 118E+03
.26BE+01
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.214E+02
.000E+00
.080E+00
.000£+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.536E+02
.536E+01
.B04E+01
.000E+00
.000E+00
.107E+03
.107E+02
.804E+02
.000E+00
.000E+00
.241E+03
.000E+00
.000E+00
.134E+02
•000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
000EI00
.291E+02
.000E+00
.000E+00
.291E+01
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.136E+01
.969E+00
.581E+02
.000E+00
.388E+00
.136E+02
.368E+02
< .194E+00
.957E+02
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.1I6E+02
.000E+00
.194E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
> .193E+04
.000E+00
.128E+02
.388E+01
.000E+00
.116E+03
.153E+02
.969E+00
.969E+01
.000E+00
.387E+03
.775E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.155E+03
.000E+00
.775E+00
.000E+00
< .194E+00
2ND & 3RD IMPINGERS
.000E+00
< .221E+01
< .154E+01
.000E+00
N .000E+00
N
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+60
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
N
N
N
N
N
N
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.0C0E+00
000E+60
000E+00
000E+00
000E+00
N .000E+00
N
N . 000E+00
. 000E+00
. 000E+00
< .221E+00
N . 000E+00
N . 000E+00
. 000E+00
N 000E+00
. 000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000EI00
N .000E+00
N . 000E+00
OOOEK30
-------
MASS FLOW
ELEMENT
SELENIUM
SILICON
SILVER
SODIUM
STRONTIUM
SULFUR
TANTALUM
TELLURIUM
TERBIUM
THALLIUM
THORIUM
THULIUM
TIN
TITANIUM
TUNGSTEN
URANIUM
VANADIUM
YTTERBIUM
YTTRIUM
ZINC
ZIRCONIUM
10+3 MICRON
ADELPHI
COW 4 SODA ASH
MCG/SEC
1 MICRON 4 FILTER
.157E402
.130E404
.261E+01
.313E403
. 887E402
.143E406
.000E+00
.391E400
.522E400
.391E401
.522E401
.391E400
.783E400
. 117E404
.117E401
.443E402
.626E+03
.261£401
.404E402
.822E+02
.809E402
.169E402
.000E400
.136E401
.763E403
.508E402
.542E406
.000E400
.339E+00
.000E+00
.678E+01
.000E+00
.000E+00
.102E+01
.914E+03
.67BE401
.271E+02
.230E+03
.000E+00
.101E+02
.878E+02
.100E+02
XAD-2
.134E+02
.000E+00
.804E+01
.000E+00
.000E400
.134£403
.000E400
.000E+00
. 000E400
.000E+00
< .161E+02
.000E400
.000E+00
.590E+02
.000E+00
< .134E+02
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.161E+02
1ST IMP1NGER
.382E+02
.000E400
.000E+00
J .000E400
.388E+00
.775E+06
.000E400
.000E+00
.000E400
.000E+00
< .194E400
.000E+00
.969E+00
.000E+00
.000E400
< .581E+00
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
.180E403
.194E400
2ND * 3RD IMPINGERS
.000£400
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
. 000E400
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
.000E+00
00
I
-------
MASS FLOW
ELEMENT
ALUMINUM
ANTIMONY
ARSENIC
BARIUM
BERYLLIUM
BISMUTH
BORON
BROMINE
CADMIUM
CALCIUM
CERIUM
CESIUM
CHLORINE
CHROMIUM
COBALT
COPPER
DYSPROSIUM
ERBIUM
EUROPIUM
FLUORINE
GADOLINIUM
GALLIUM
<*" GERMANIUM
c!n HAFNIUM
HOLMIUM
IODINE
IRON
LANTHANUM
LEAD
LITHIUM
LUTETIUM
MAGNESIUM
MANGANESE
MERCURY
MOLYBDENUM
NEODYMIUM
NICKEL
NIOBIUM
PHOSPHORUS
PLATINUM
POTASSIUM
PRASEODYMIUM
RUBIDIUM
SAMARIUM
V, AMI JI DM
ADELPHI
COW + SODA ASH
MCG/SEC
FUEL- COW+SA EXHAUST GAS
.4B5E+04
.000E+00
.000E+00
> .118E+05
.237E+02
.000E+00
.118E+03
-237E+03
.000E+00
> .I18E+05
.130E+04
.118E+03
.237E+03
> .11BE+05
.118E+02
.592E+03
.474E+02
< .118E+02
.237E+02
-710E402
.592E+02
.118E+03
.107E+03
.237E+02
.237E+02
.000E+00
> . 118E+05
.130E+04
.237E+03
-118E+02
.000E+00
> .118E+05
.616E4-04
.000E400
.592E+03
.237E+03
.201E+04
.237E+03
> .118E+05
.000E+00
> .118E+05
.237E+03
< .829E+02
947E+02
.7I0E+02
> .153E+03
. 214E+0KX<.434E+01
.111E+03
< .261E+00
.164E+03
.952E+02
.136E+01
> .136E+04
. 836E+02
.372E+01
> .413E+04
.500E+03
.120E+02 .668E+04
.763E+02
.117E+04
.41IE+02
.261E+00
> .292E+04
.5I1E+03
.814E+02 .146E+04
.430E+01
.959E+02
,652E+0I
783E40KX<.833E-I-01
-------
MASS FLOW
ELEMENT
SELENIUM
SILICON
SILVER
SODIUM
STRONTIUM
SULFUR
TANTALUM
TELLURIUM
TERBIUM
THALLIUM
THOKIUM
THULIUM
TIN
TITANIUM
TUNGSTEN
URANIUM
VANADIUM
YTTERBIUM
YTTRIUM
ZINC
ZIRCONIUM
ADELPHI
COW + SODA ASH
MCG/SEC
FUEL- COWI-SA EXHAUST GAS
.592E+03
> H8E+05
000E+00
> .118E+05
.343E+04
I89E+07
.000E+60
.000E+00
.237E+02
< 237E+02
.474E+63
.000E+00
.000E+00
> .118E+05
.107E+03
.166E+04
.805E+04
.000E+00
.I54E+04
.355Ef03
.841E+02
> .130E+04
.120E+02
> 108E+04
.140E+03
.146E+07
.000E+00
,391E+00
O>
-------
CONCENTRATION
ELEMENT
ALUMINUM
ANTIMONY
ARSENIC
BARIUM
BERYLLIUM
BISMUTH
BORON
BROMINE
CADMIUM
CALCIUM
CERIUM
CESIUM
CHLORINE
CHROMIUM
COBALT
COPPER
DYSPROSIUM
ERBIUM
EUROPIUM
FLUORINE
GADOLINIUM
GALLIUM
GERMANIUM
HAFNIUM
HOLMIUM
IODINE
IRON
LANTHANUM
LEAD
LITHIUM
LUTETIUM
MAGNESIUM
MANGANESE
MERCURY
MOLYBDENUM
NEODYMIUM
NICKEL
NIOBIUM
PHOSPHORUS
PLATINUM
POTASSIUM
PRASEODYMIUM
10+3 MICRON
ADELPHI
COW + SODA ASH
MCG/DSCM
1 MICRON + FILTER
SAMARIUM
V.ANfJlUM
> .982E+02
.620E+00
.207E+02
.465E+03
.207E+01
< .207E+00
.744E+02
.217E+02
.310E+00
> .103E+04
.465E+02
.103E+01
.558E+03
.507E+02
.207E+01
.300E+02
.207E+01
-931E+00
.620E+00
.827E+01
.310E+01
.145E+02
-103E+02
. 000E+00
.103E+01
-207E+01
> ,103E+04
.455E+02
.455E+03
.134E+02
.207E+00
> .103E+04
.331E+03
< .100E+02
.248E+02
.517E+0I
.102E+03
.517E+01
424E+03
.000E+00
> .103E+04
.207E+01
.217E+02
.517E401
.620E+01
U
U
.000E+00
.107E+01
.671E+02
.590E+03
.780E+00
.000E+00
.5I2E+02
.527E+02
.000E+00
.000E+00
.134E+02
.161E401
> .268E+04
. 223E+03
.535E+01
.322E+02
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.375E+03
.000E+00
.188E+02
.134E+02
.000E+00
.000E+00
.105E+01
> .268E+04
.107E+02
.457E+03
.161E+02
.000E+00
.111E404
.537E+02
< .994E+01
.672E+02
.000E+00
.4S6E402
.269E+01
.422E+03
.000E+00
U .000E+00
.134E+01
.537E+02
.000E+00
< .243E+00
XAD-2
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.425E+01
.000E+00
. 000E-f 00
.000E+00
.638E+01
.000E+00
.213E+02
.935E+02
.213E+01
.000E+00
.000E+00
. 000E-K00
.000E+00
.170E+02
-000E+00
. 000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.425E+02
.425E+01
.638E-f0l
.000E+00
. 000E-f 00
.850E+02
.850E+01
.638E+02
. 000E-f 00
.000E+00
.191E+03
.000E400
.000E+00
.106E+02
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.eeoEtoo
1ST IMPINGER
.230E+02
.000E+00
.C00E+00
.230E+01
000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.108E+0I
.768E+00
.461E-I-02
.000E+00
.307E+00
.108E+02
. 292E+02
< .154E+00
. 759E402
.000E+00
. 000E+00
.000E+00
.922E401
.000E+00
.154E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
. 000E+00
.000E+00
> .153E+04
.000E+00
.101E+02
.307E+01
.000E400
.922E+02
.121E+02
.768E+00
.768E+01
.000E+00
.307E+03
.615E+00
.000E+00
.000E400
.123E+03
.000E400
615E+00
.000E+00
< .154EJOO
2ND In 3RD IMPINGERS
.000E+00
< .175E-I-01
< .122E+01
.000E+00
N .000E+00
N
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
. 000EH-00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
.000E+00
.000E400
.000E+00
.000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
.080E+00
.000E+00
N
N .000E+00
.000E+00
N .000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
N
N
N
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E400
.000E+00
N .000E+00
N
N .000E+00
.000E+00
,000E+00
< ,175E+00
N .000E+00
N
N
.000E+00
,000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
N .600E+OB
N .000E tOO
.000E+00
.000E400
N
-------
CONCENTRATION
ELEMENT
SELENIUM
SILICON
SILVER
SODIUM
STRONTIUM
SULFUR
TANTALUM
TELLURIUM
TERBIUM
THALLIUM
THORIUM
THULIUM
TIN
TITANIUM
TUNGSTEN
URANIUM
VANADIUM
YTTERBIUM
YTTRIUM
ZINC
ZIRCONIUM
10+3 MICRON
ADELPH1
COW + SODA ASH
MCG/DSCM
1 MICRON + FILTER
.124E+02
.103E+04
.207E+01
.248E+63
.703E+02
. 114E+06
.000E+00
.310E+00
.414E+00
.310E+01
.414E+01
.310E-I-00
.620E+00
.931E+03
.931E+00
.352E+02
.496E+03
.207E+01
.321E+02
.651E+02
.641E+02
.134E+02
J .000E+00
.107E+01
> .605E+03
.402E+02
.430E+06
.000E+00
< .269E+00
.000E+00
.537E+01
,000E+00
.000E+00
.B06E+00
.725E+03
.537E+01
.215E+02
.183E+03
.000E+00
.803E+0I
.696E+02
.793E+01
XAD-2
.J06E+02
.000E+00
.638E+01
.000E+00
.000E+00
.106E+03
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E400
. 000E+00
. (28E+02
.000E+00
.000E+00
.468E+02
.000E+00
.106E+02
.000E+00
000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
. 128E+02
1ST IMPINGER
.303E+02
.000E+00
. 000E+00
J .000E+00
.307E+00
.614E+06
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
< .154E+00
.000E+00
.768E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
< .461E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E400
.143E+03
.154E+00
2ND & 3RD IMPINGERS
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E400
N
N
N
N
N
N
.000E400
000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
.000E400
N .000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
I
00
-------
CONCENTRATION
ELEMENT
ALUMINUM
ANTIMONY
ARSENIC
BARIUM
BERYLLIUM
BISMUTH
BORON
BROMINE
CADMIUM
CALCIUM
CERIUM
CESIUM
CHLORINE
CHROMIUM
COBALT
COPPER
DYSPROSIUM
ERBIUM
EUROPIUM
FLUORINE
GADOLINIUM
GALLIUM
GERMANIUM
03 HAFNIUM
^ HOLMIUM
IODINE
IRON
LANTHANUM
LEAD
LITHIUM
LUTETIUM
MAGNESIUM
MANGANESE
MERCURY
MOLYBDENUM
NEODYMIUM
NICKEL
NIOBIUM
PHOSPHORUS
PLATINUM
POTASSIUM
PRASEODYMIUM
KUBIUIUM
SAMARIUM
ADELPHI
COW + SODA ASH
MCG/OSCM
EXHAUST GAS
> .121E+03
- 169E+0KX-C.344E+0I
,878E+02 .108E+04
.663E+02
.295E+0I
> .327E+04
.396E+03
.954E+0KX<.969E+01
.138E+03
.207E+01
.931E+00
.620E+00
.409E+03
.310E+01
.334E+02
. 238E+02
.000E+00
. 103E+0I
.312E+01
> .529E+04
.605E+02
.928E+03
.326E+02
.207E+00
> .232E+04
. 405E+03
.645E+02 .116E+04
.341E+01
.760E+02
,5t7t+01
-------
CONCENTRATION
ELEMENT
SELENIUM
SILICON
SILVER
SODIUM
STRONTIUM
SULFUR
TANTALUM
TELLURIUM
TERBIUM
THALLIUM
THORIUM
THULIUM
TIN
TITANIUM
TUNGSTEN
URANIUM
VANADIUM
YTTERBIUM
YTTRIUM
ZINC
ZIRCONIUM
AOELPHI
COW + SODA ASH
MCG/DSCM
EXHAUST GAS
.667E+02
> .103E+04
.952E+01
> .853E+03
.111E+03
.116E+07
.006E+00
.310E+00
-------
ADELPHl
COW 4 SODA ASH
NG/J
ELEMENT 1043 MICRON 1 MICRON 4 FILTER
MASS/HEAT INPUT
XAD-2
1ST 1MPINGER
ALUMINUM
ANTIMONY
ARSENIC
BARIUM
BERYLLIUM
BISMUTH
BORON
BROMINE
CADMIUM
CALCIUM
CERIUM
CESIUM
CHLORINE
CHROMIUM
COBALT
COPPER
DYSPROSIUM
ERBIUM
EUROPIUM
FLUORINE
GADOLINIUM
GALLIUM
<*= GERMANIUM
H-. HAFNIUM
"-1 HOLMIUM
IODINE
IRON
LANTHANUM
LEAD
LITHIUM
LUTETJUM
MAGNESIUM
MANGANESE
MERCURY
MOLYBDENUM
NEODYMIUM
NICKEL
NIOBIUM
PHOSPHORUS
PLATINUM
POTASSIUM
PRASEODYMIUM
RUBIDIUM
SAMARIUM
V.AHDIUM
.388E-01
.245E-03
.818E-02
.184E400
.818E-03
.818E-04
.294E-01
.858E-02
.123E-03
.409E400
.184E-01
,409E-03
.221E400
.200E-01
.818E-03
.119E-01
.818E-03
.368E-03
.245E-03
.327E-02
.123E-02
.572E-02
.409E-02
.000E400
.409E-03
.81BE-03
.409E400
.180E-01
.180E+00
.531E-02
.B18E-04
. 409E400
.131E400
.396E-02
.981E-02
.204E-02
.405E-01
.204E-02
.168E+00
.000E+00
.489E40C
.818E-03
.858E-02
.204E-02
.245E-02
U
U
.000E+00
.425E-03
.265E-01
.233E+00
.308E-03
.000E400
.203E-0I
.208E-01
.000E400
.000E400
.530E-02
. 637E-03
> .106E401
.881E-01
.211E-02
.127E-01
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
.148E400
.000E400
.742E-02
.531E-02
,000E400
.000E400
.415E-03
> .J06E401
.424E-02
.180E400
.635E-02
.000E400
.438E400
.212E-01
< .393E-02
.265E-01
.000E400
.180E-01
.106E-02
.167E400
.000E+00
U .000E400
.531E-03
.212E-01
.000E400
< .960E-04
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
168E-02
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
.252E-02
.000E400
.840E-02
.370E-01
.840E-03
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
.672E-02
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
.168E-01
.168E-02
.252E-02
.000E400
.000E400
.336E-01
.336E-02
.252E-01
.000E400
.000E400
•756E-01
.000E400
.000E400
.420E-02
.000E40e
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
.911E-02
.000E400
.000E400
.911E-03
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
.425E-03
.304E-03
.182E-0t
.000E400
.121E-03
.425E-02
.115E-0t
.607E-04
.300E-01
. 000E400
.000E400
.000E400
.364E-02
. 000E400
.607E-04
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
.606E+08
.000E400
.401E-02
.I21E-02
.000E400
.364E-01
.480E-02
.304E-03
.304E-02
.000E400
.121E400
.243E-03
.000E400
.000E400
.460E-ei
.000E400
.243E-03
.000E400
607E-04
2ND & 3RD IWRINGERS
.000E400
< .691E-03
< .4B4E-03
.000E400
N .000E400
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
. 000E400
.000E400
.000E400
000E400
.000E400
N .000E+00
.000E400
N .000E400
N .000E+00
.000E400
.000E400
< .691E-04
N .000E400
N
N
N
N
.000E400
.000E+00
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
000E400
.000E40B
.000E400
000EK10
-------
MASS/HEAT INPUT
ELEMENT 10+3 MICRON
SELENIUM
SILICON
SILVER
SODIUM
STRONTIUM
SULFUR
TANTALUM
TELLURIUM
TERBIUM
THALLIUM
THORIUM
THULIUM
TIN
TITANIUM
TUNGSTEN
URANIUM
VANADIUM
YTTERBIUM
YTTRIUM
ZINC
ZIRCONIUM
ADELPHI
COW + SODA ASH
NG/J
1 MICRON + FILTER
49IE-02
.409E+00
.B18E-03
.981E-01
.278E-01
.45BE+02
eeeE+ee
.123E-03
.164E-03
.I23E-02
.164E-62
.123E-03
.245E-03
.368E+00
.368E-03
.139E-01
.196E+00
.818E-03
.127E-01
.258E-01
.253E-01
.530E-02
U .000E+00
.425E-03
> .239E+00
.159E-01
.170E+03
.000E+00
< .106E-03
.000E+00
.212E-02
.000E+00
.000E+00
.319E-03
. 2B7E+00
.212E-02
.848E-02
.722E-01
.000E+00
.318E-02
,275E-01
.313E-02
XAD-2
. 420E-02
.000E+00
.252E-02
.000E400
.000E+00
.420E-01
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
< .504E-02
.000E+00
.000E+00
.185E-01
.000E+00
< .420E-02
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.504E-02
1ST IMPINGER
.120E-01
.000E+00
.000E400
.000E+00
. 12IE-03
.243E+03
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.607E-04
.000E400
.304E-03
.000E+00
.000E+00
.182E-03
.000E400
.000E+00
.000E+00
.565E-01
.607E-04
2ND It 3RD IMPINGERS
.000E+00
. 000E400
.000E400
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
N
.000E+00
.000E+00
N .000E+00
.000E+00
000E+00
N
N
N
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
CD
I
PO
-------
MASS/HEAT INPUT
ELEMENT
ALUMINUM
ANTIMONY
ARSENIC
BARIUM
BERYLLIUM
BISMUTH
BORON
BROMINE
CADMIUM
CALCIUM
CERIUM
CESIUM
CHLORINE
CHROMIUM
COBALT
COPPER
DYSPROSIUM
ERBIUM
EUROPIUM
FLUORINE
GADOLINIUM
GALLIUM
GERMANIUM
HAFNIUM
HOLMIUM
IODINE
IRON
LANTHANUM
LEAD
LITHIUM
LUTETIUM
MAGNESIUM
MANGANESE
MERCURY
MOLYBDENUM
NEOOYMIUM
NICKEL
NIOBIUM
PHOSPHORUS
PLATINUM
POTASSIUM
PRASFODYMIUM
RUBIDIUM
SAMARIUM
V,AM[> IUM
ADELPHI
COW -I- SODA ASH
NG/J
FUEL- COW+SA EXHAUST GAS
. 152E+01 > .479E-01
.000E+00 .670E-03 .371E+01 .418E+00
.742E-02 .113E-02
.000E-4-00 < .818E-04
.371E-01 .514E-01
.742E-0I .298E-01
000E+00 .426E-03
> 371E+01 > .427E+00
408E+00 .262E-01
.371E-01 .117E-02
.742E-01 > .129E+01
> .371£+01 .157E+00
.371E-02 .377E-02 .371E+01 > .209E+0*
.408E+00 239E-01
.742E-01 .367E+00
.371E-02 .129E-01
.000E+00 .8I8E-04
> .371E+01 > .917E+00
.193E+01 .160E+00
.000E+00 .255E-0KX<,335E-01
. 166E+00 394E-01
.742E-01 .204E-02
.631E+00 .255E+00
.742E-01 .335E-02
> .371E+01 .334E+00
.000E+00 .420E-02
> .371E+01 > .457E+00
.742E-01 .135E-02
< .260E-01 .301E-01
.297E-01 .204E-02
.223E 01 .245E-02
-------
MASS/HEAT INPl T
ELEMENT
SELENIUM
SILICON
SILVER
SODIUM
STRONTIUM
SULFUR
TANTALUM
TELLURIUM
TERBIUM
THALLIUM
THORIUM
THULIUM
TIN
TITANIUM
TUNGSTEN
URANIUM
VANADIUM
YTTERBIUM
YTTRIUM
ZINC
ZIRCONIUM
AOELPHI
COW + SODA ASH
NG/J
FUEL- COW+SA EXHAUST GAS
.186E+00 .264E-01
> .371E+01 > .409E+00
.000E+00 .376E-02
> .371E+01 > .337E+00
.108E+01 .438E-01
.594E+03 .458E+03
.000E+00 .000C+00
.000E+00 !23E-03 .371E+01 .673E+00
.334E-01 .249E-02
519E+00 .224E-0KX<.268E-01
.2S2E+01 .268E+00
.000E+00 .818E-03
.482E+00 .158E-01
111E+00 neE-t-ee
.445E+00 -336E-01
us
i
-------
PPM
ELEMENT
ALUMINUM
ANTIMONY
ARSENIC
BARIUM
BERYLLIUM
BISMUTH
BORON
BROMINE
CADMIUM
CALCIUM
CERIUM
CESIUM
CHLORINE
CHROMIUM
COBALT
COPPER
DYSPROSIUM
ERBIUM
EUROPIUM
FLUORINE
GADOLINIUM
GALLIUM
ro GERMANIUM
^ HAFNIUM
tn HOLMIUM
IODINE
IRON
LANTHANUM
LEAD
LITHIUM
LUTETIUM
MAGNESIUM
MANGANESE
MERCURY
MOLYBDENUM
NEODYMIUM
NICKEL
NIOBIUM
PHOSPHORUS
PLAT I HUM
POTASSIUM
PRASFOOfMIUM
MJHIUIUM
',AMAR 11IM
V.ANDIUM
ADELPH1
COW 4 SODA ASH
PPM
1C+3 MICRON 1 MICRON + FILTER
X950E402 U.000E+00
.600E400 .400E+00
.200E402 .250E+02
.450E403 .220E+03
.200E40J .290E400
<.200E400
.720E402
.210E402
.300E400
>.100E404
.450E402
.100E401
.540E403
.490E402
.200E401
.290E402
.200E+01
.900E400
.600E400
.800E401
.300E401
.140E402
.100E402
.000E400
.100E401
.200E401
>. 100E404
. 440E+02
. 440E403
.130E402
.200E400
>.100E404
.320E403
< 970E+01
.240E+02
.500E+01
.990E+02
.500E+et
.410E+03
.000E+00
> 100E+04
200E+01
210E402
.500E-I01
600EI01
.000E+00
.191E+02
.196E+02
.000E+00
U.000E+00
.499E+01
.600E400
>.999E+03
.830E+02
.199E+01
.120E+02
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.139E+03
.000E+00
.699E+01
.500E+01
.000E+00
.000E+00
.390E+00
>.999E+03
.399E+01
.170E+03
.598E401
.000E+00
.4t2E-f03
.200E+02
<.370E+01
.250E402
.000E+00
.170E402
.100E+01
.157E+03
.000E+00
U,000E+00
.500E+00
.200E+02
.000E+00
XAD-2
.000E+00
.000E400
.000£+00
.000E+00
.000E400
.000E400
.200E+00
.000E+00
.000E400
.000E400
.300E+00
.000E+00
.100E+01
.440E+01
.I00E+00
000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.800E400
.000E400
.000E400
.060E400
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
.200E401
.200E400
.300E400
.000E400
.000E400
400E401
.400E400
.300E401
.000E400
.000E400
.900E401
,000E400
.000E400
.500E400
.000E400
.000E400
.000E+00
.000E400
1ST 1MPINGER
150E400
.000E400
.000E400
.150E-01
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
.700E-02
.500E-02
.300E400
.000E400
.200E-02
.700E-01
.190E400
<.100E-02
.494E400
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
.600E-01
.000E400
.100E-02
.000E400-
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
>.997E401
.000E400
.660E-01
.200E-01
.000E400
.600E400
.790E-01
.500E-02
.500E-01
.000E400
.200E401
.400E-02
.000E+00
.000E400
.800E400
.000E400
.400E-02
,0e0Ef00
<.100E-02
2ND & 3RD IMPINGERS
.000E400
•C.100E-01
<.700E-02
.000E400
N.000E400
N.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
N.000E400
.000E400
N.000E400
N.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
N.000E400
N.000E400
N.000E480
.000E400
N.000E400
.000E400
N.000E400
N.000E400
N.000E400
N.000E400
.000E400
N.000E400
.000E400
N.000E400
N.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
<.100E-02
N.000E400
N.000E400
.000E400
N.000E400
.000E400
N.000E400
.000E400
N.000Ef00
N.000E400
N.0Q0E400
OOOEtOO
-------
ADELPHI
PPM COW 4- SODA ASH
PPM
ELEMENT 10+3 MICRON 1 MICRON 4 FILTER
SELENIUM .120E402 .499E401
SILICON >.100E404 U.000E400
SILVER .200E401 .400E400
SODIUM >.240E403 X225E403
STRONTIUM .680E402 . 150E402
SULFUR .1I0E406 .160E406
TANTALUM .000E400 .000E+00
TELLURIUM .300E+00 <.100E400
TERBIUM .400E400 .000E400
THALLIUM .300E401 .200E40t
THORIUM .400E401 .000E400
THULIUM .300E400 .000E400
TIN .600E+00 .300E400
TITANIUM .900E403 .270E403
TUNGSTEN .900E400 .200E+01
URANIUM .340E+02 .799E+0I
VANAO1UM .480E+03 .680E402
YTTERBIUM .200E+01 .000E+00
YTTRIUM .310E402 .299E+01
ZINC .630E+02 .259E+02
ZIRCONIUM .620E+02 .295E+01
XAD-2
.500E+00
.000E400
.300E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.S00E401
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
<.600E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.220E+01
.000E+00
<.500E+00
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
.600E400
1ST IMPINGER
.197E400
.000E400
.000E400
U.000E400
.200E-02
.400E404
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
<.100E-02
.000E400
.500E-02
.000E400
.000E400
<.300E-02
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
.930E400
.100E-02
2ND Ic 3RD I WRINGERS
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
N.000E400
N.000E400
N.000E400
N.000E400
.000E400
N.000E400
N.000E400
.000E400
N.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
N.000E400
N.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
CD
I
-------
PPM
ELEMENT
ALUMINUM
ANTIMONY
ARSENIC
BARIUM
BERYLLIUM
BISMUTH
BORON
BROMINE
CADMIUM
CALCIUM
CERIUM
CESIUM
CHLORINE
CHROMIUM
COBALT
COPPER
DYSPROSIUM
ERBIUM
EUROPIUM
FLUORINE
GADOLINIUM
GALLIUM
GERMANIUM
HAFNIUM
HOLMIUM
IODINE
IRON
LANTHANUM
LEAD
LITHIUM
LUTETIUM
MAGNESIUM
MANGANESE
MERCURY
MOLYBDENUM
NEODYMIUM
NICKEL
NIOBIUM
PHOSPHORUS
PLATINUM
POTASSIUM
PRASEODYMIUM
RUBIDIUM
SAMARIUM
ADELPHI
COW + SODA ASH
PPM
FUEL- COW+SA
.410E+02
000E+00
.000E+00
>.100E+03
.200E+00
.000E+00
.100E+01
.200E+01
.000E+00
>.I00E+03
.110E+02
.100E+01
.200E+01
>.100E+03
.100E+00
.500E+01
.400E+00
<. 100E+00
.200E+00
.600E+00
. 500E400
. 100E+01
.900E+00
.200E+00
. 200E+00
.000E400
>.t00E+03
.110E+02
.200E+01
.t00E-f00
.000E+00
>.100E+03
.520E+02
.000E+00
.S00E-f01
.200E+01
.170E+02
. 200E401
>.100E+03
.000E+00
>.100E+03
.200E+01
<.700Et00
.800E+00
.600E+00
-------
PPM
ELEMENT
SELENIUM
SILICON
SILVER
SODIUM
STRONTIUM
SULFUR
TANTALUM
TELLURIUM
TERBIUM
THALLIUM
THORIUM
THULIUM
TIN
TITANIUM
TUNGSTEN
URANIUM
VANADIUM
YTTERBIUM
YTTRIUM
ZINC
ZIRCONIUM
ADELPHI
COW + SODA ASH
PPM
TUEL- COW+SA
.500E+0I
>.100E+03
.000E+00
>.100E+03
.290E+02
160E+05
.000E+00
.000E+00
.200E+00
<.200E+00
.400E+01
. 000E+00
.000E+00
>.I00E+83
.900E+00
.140E+02
.680E+02
.000E+00
.130E+02
.300E+01
.120E+02
co
00
-------
MASS FLOW
ELEMENT
ALUMINUM
ANTIMONY
ARSENIC
BARIUM
BERYLLIUM
BISMUTH
BORON
BROMINE
CADMIUM
CALCIUM
CERIUM
CESIUM
CHLORINE
CHROMIUM
COBALT
COPPER
DYSPROSIUM
ERBIUM
EUROPIUM
FLUORINE
GADOLINIUM
GALLIUM
CD GERMANIUM
' HAFNIUM
to HOLMiUM
IODINE
IRON
LANTHANUM
LEAD
LITHIUM
LUTETIUM
MAGNESIUM
MANGANESE
MERCURY
MOLYBDENUM
NEODYMIUM
NICKEL
NIOBIUM
PHOSPHORUS
PLATINUM
POTASSIUM
PRASEODCMIUM
RUBIDIUM
SAMARIIJM
ADELPH1
COAL-OIL-WATER
MCG/SEC
10+3 MICRON 1 MICRON + FILTER
> 173E403
.133E401
.915E402
.819E403
.381E401
.133E401
.400E402
.381£402
.133E401
> .191E404
.101E403
.572E401
.972E402
.191E403
.133E402
.591£402
.762E-I-01
.381£401
.381E+01
.267E402
.953E401
.572E402
.172£402
.191E401
.572E401
.381E401
> .191E404
.800E+02
.800E+03
.248E-f02
.381E+00
> .191E404
.591E403
.152E-01
.191E402
.476E402
.724E402
.229E402
) .191E404
.000E400
> ,191E404
.229E402
.667E402
.362E402
101F103
U
.000E400
.495E+01
.132E+03
> .825E+03
.132E+02
.577E+00
.732E+02
.137E+02
.247E+00
J .000E+00
.990E+02
. 495E-I-01
.I89E+02
.231E403
. 272E402
. 478E+02
.660E+01
.330E+01
.165E-f01
.123E+03
.412E+01
.528E+02
.396E402
.165E+01
.412E+01
.164E401
> .824E+03
.825E+02
.190E+03
.U5E+03
. 412E400
> .817E+03
> .825E+03
.388E400
.223E+02
.223E402
.330E+03
.181E+02
> .822E+03
.000E+00
U
.000E+00
.I8IE402
.684E402
.I65E+02
.462E+02
XAD-2
.227E+02
.000E+00
..000E+00
.000E400
.000E+00
.000E+00
.757E+00
.151E402
.000E400
.553E+03
.303E+01
.000E+00
.908E+02
.106E402
.000E+00
.757E+01
.000E400
.000E+00
.000E400
.212E402
.000E+00
.378E+01
.000E+00
.000E400
.000E+00
.000E400
.227E402
.227E401
.606E401
.757E400
.000E400
.227E402
.606E401
< .530E-02
.378E402
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
.227E401
.136E403
.000E400
< .757E400
.000E400
.000E400
1ST IMPINGER
.155E402
.415E400
.000E400
.155E401
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
< .518E400
< .104E400
.415E402
.104E400
.104E400
.104E401
.104E404
.104E400
.616E402
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
.166E402
.000E400
.311£400
.104E400
. 000E400
.000E400
< .104E400
> .103E404
< .104E400
.825E402
.622E401
.000E400
. 000E400
.517E402
. 176E400
.207E402
.000E400
> .104E404
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
.518E402
.000E400
< .104E400
.000E+00
2ND & 3RD IMPINGERS
.000E400
< .972E400
< .681E400
.000E+00
N .000E400
N .000E400
.000E400
.000E400
N .000E400
.000£400
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
000E400
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
. 000E400
.000E400
.000E400
.000E+00
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
N .000E400
N .000E400
.000E400
.000E400
.681E-01
.000E400
N
N
N
.000C400
.000E400
.000E400
000E400
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
0e0E»oe
OOOE400
-------
MASS FLOW
ELEMENT
SELENIUM
SILICON
SILVER
SODIUM
STRONTIUM
SULFUR
TANTALUM
TELLURIUM
TERBIUM
THALLIUM
THORIUM
THULIUM
TIN
TITANIUM
TUNGSTEN
URANIUM
VANADIUM
YTTERBIUM
YTTRIUM
ZINC
ZIRCONIUM
10 4 3 MICRON
ADELPHI
COAL-OIL-WATER
MCG/SEC
1 MICRON + FILTER
.210E+03
> .191E+04
< .381£+00
> .438E+03
.381E+03
.210E+05
.572E+00
.572E+00
.381E+01
.191E+02
.324E+02
.572E+00
.114E+01
> . 191E+04
.381E+01
.152E+03
.877E+03
.381E+01
.572E+02
.286E+03
.286E+03
U
.989E+01
.000E+00
.B25E+00
> .202E+03
.322E+03
5 .495E+03
.660E+00
.000E+00
.825E+00
.825E+01
.148E+02
.660E+00
.330E+01
> .825E+03
.412E+01
.561E+02
.396E+03
.495E+01
.115E+03
.132E+03
.5UE+02
XAD-2
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.454E+03
.681E401
.151E+03
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E400
.000E+00
< .227E+«1
.000E+00
.000E+00
.757E+00
.000E+00
< .151E+01
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E400
.303E+01
1ST IMPINGER
< -725E+00
.104E+02
. 000E4-00
U .000E+00
.207E+00
.135E+07
.090E+00
< .104E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
415E+00
.487E+01
.000E+00
.000E+00
.829E+00
.000E+00
< . 104E+00
> .103E+04
.518E+00
2ND & 3RD IMPINGERS
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
N
N
. 000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
DO
^
O
-------
MASS FLOW
ELEMENT
ALUMINUM
ANTIMONY
ARSENIC
BARIUM
BERYLLIUM
BISMUTH
BORON
BROMINE
CADMIUM
CALCIUM
CERIUM
CESIUM
CHLORINE
CHROMIUM
COBALT
COPPER
DYSPROSIUM
ERBIUM
EUROPIUM
FLUORINE
GADOLINIUM
GALLIUM
GERMANIUM
HAFNIUM
HOLMIUM
IODINE
IRON
LANTHANUM
LEAD
LITHIUM
LUTET1UM
MAGNESIUM
MANGANESE
MERCURY
MOLYBDENUM
NEODYMIUM
NICKEL
NIOBIUM
PHOSPHORUS
PLATINUM
POTASSIUM
PRASEODYMIUM
RUBIDIUM
SAMARIUM
IXAMft I !JM
ADELPHl
COAL-OIL-WATER
MCG/SEC
FUEL-COW EXHAUST GAS
> .240E+04
.000E+00
.480E+03
.264E+04
.360E+02
. 000E+00
.240E+03
.840E+02
480E+01
> 120E+05
.120E+03
.360E+02
120E+03
720E+03
-240E+03
.360E+03
.000E+00
.000E+00
.600E+0I
.840E+03
.000E+00
.120E+03
.720E+02
.000E+00
.000E+00
. 480E+02
> .120E+05
. 240E403
.480E+03
. 120E+03
.000E+00
.110E+05
. 120E+04
.000E+00
.120E+03
.720E+02
.960E+03
.600E+02
.420E404
.000E+00
> .120E+05
.360E+02
.240E+03
.480E+02
.360E+02
> .2I2E+03
670E+0KX<.767E+01
.224E+03
> .165E+04
.170E+02
.191E+01
.114E+03
.674E+02
. 158E+0KX<.168E+01
> .250E+04
.203E+03
.108E+02
.208E+03
> .147E+04
.406E+02
.176E+03
.142E+02
.711E+01
.546E+01
.188E+03
.137E+02
.114E+03
.568E+02
.355E+01
.984E+01
.545E-I-01 .379E+04
.165E+03
.108E+04
.147E+03
.793E+00
.275E+04
.147E+04
.652E+00
.999E+02
.699E+02
> .144E+04
.410E+02
> .273E+04
.227E+01
> .209E+84
.410E+02
.136E+03
.527E+02
.147E+03
-------
MASS FLOW
ELEMENT
SELENIUM
SILICON
SILVER
SODIUM
STRONTIUM
SULFUR
TANTALUM
TELLURIUM
TERBIUM
THALLIUM
THORIUM
THULIUM
TIN
TITANIUM
TUNGSTEN
URANIUM
VANADIUM
YTTERBIUM
YTTRIUM
ZiNC
ZIRCONIUM
FUEL-COW
ADELPHI
COAL-OIL-WATER
MCG/SEC
.360E+03
> .I20E+05
960E+01
> .612E+04
.960E+03
.192E+07
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.480E+02
.480E+02
.000E+00
.600E+01
> . 120E+05
.000E+00
.840E+02
.180E+04
.000E+00
.360E+03
.720E+03
.720E+02
EXHAUST GAS
.220E+03
> .I92E+04
.825E+00 .I09E404
.710E+03
> .137E+07
.I23E+01
.572E+00 .274E+04
.793E401
.210E+03
.127E+04
.876E+0I
.173E+03
> .145E+04
.340E+03
co
ro
1X3
-------
CONCENTRATION
ELEMENT
ALUMINUM
ANTIMONY
ARSENIC
BARIUM
BERYLLIUM
BISMUTH
BORON
BROMINE
CADMIUM
CALCIUM
CERIUM
CESIUM
CHLORINE
CHROMIUM
COBALT
COPPER
DYSPROSIUM
ERBIUM
EUROPIUM
FLUORINE
GADOLINIUM
GALLIUM
oo GERMANIUM
l\> HAFNIUM
to HOLMIUM
IODINE
IRON
LANTHANUM
LEAD
LITHIUM
LUTETIUM
MAGNESIUM
MANGANESE
MERCURY
MOLYBDENUM
NEODYMIUM
NICKEL
NIOBIUM
PHOSPHORUS
PLATINUM
POTASSIUM
PRASEODYMIUM
KUUIOIUM
SAMARIUM
V. AND I DM
ADELPHI
COAL-OIL-WATER
MCG/DSCM
10+3 MICRON 1 MICRON + FILTER
> .125E+03
.964E+00
.661E+02
.592E+03
.275E+01
.964E+00
.289E+02
.275E+02
.964E+00
> .138E+04
.730E+02
.413E+01
.702E+02
.138E+03
.964E+01
.427E+02
.551E+01
.275E+01
.275E+01
.193E+02
.688E+01
.413E+02
.124E+02
.13BE+01
.413E+01
.275E+0>
> .138E+04
.578E+02
.578E+03
.179E+02
.275E+00
> 138E+04
.427E+03
110E-01
.138E+02
.344E+02
.523E+02
.165E+02
> .138E+04
.000E+00
> 138E+04
165E+02
482E+02
262EI02
/30F+02
U .000E+00
.357E+01
.953E+02
> .596E+03
.953E+01
417E+00
.529E+02
.986E+01
.179E+00
U .000E400
.7I5E+02
.357E+01
.136E+C2
.167E+03
.197E+02
.345E+02
.477E+01
.238E+01
.119E+01
.890E+02
.298E+01
.381E+02
.286E+02
.119E+01
.298E+01
.118E+01
> .595E+03
.596E+02
.137E+03
.834E+02
U
.298E+00
. 590E4-03
. S96E+03
.280E+00
.161E+02
161E+02
.238E+03
.131E+02
> .594E+03
.000E+B0
.000E+00
131E+02
.494E+02
.119E+02
334E+02
XAD-2
.164E+02
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.547E+00
.109E+02
.000E+00
.399E+03
.219E+01
.000E400
.656E+02
.765E+01
.000E+00
.547E+01
.000E+00
. 000E+00
.000E+00
.153E+02
.000E+00
.273E+01
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.i 64E+02
164E+01
.437E+01
.547E+00
.000E+00
.164E+02
.437E+01
< .3B3E-02
.273E+02
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E400
.164E+01
.984E+02
.00CE+00
< .547E400
.000E+00
000E+00
1ST IMP1NGER
.112E+02
.299E+00
.000E+00
.112E+01
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.374E+00
.749E-01
.299E+02
.749E-01
.749E-01
.749E+00
.748E+03
.749E-01
. 445E+02
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+08
. 120E+02
.000E+00
.225E+00
.749E-01
.000E+00
.000E+00
.749E-01
.746E+03
.749E-01
.596E402
.449E+01
.000E+00
000E+00
.374E+02
.127E+00
.150E+02
.000E+00
.748E+03
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.374E+02
.000E+00
.749E-01
.000E+00
000E+00
2ND * 3RD IMPINGERS
.000E+00
< .702E+00
< .492E+00
.000E+00
N .000E+00
N
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
N .000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.492E-01
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.060E+00
.000E+00
.000F+00
N .000E400
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
-------
CONCENTRATION
ELEMENT
SELENIUM
SILICON
SILVER
SODIUM
STRONTIUM
SULFUR
TANTALUM
TELLURIUM
TERBIUM
THALLIUM
THORIUM
THULIUM
TIN
TITANIUM
TUNGSTEN
URANIUM
VANADIUM
YTTERBIUM
YTTRIUM
ZINC
ZIRCONIUM
10 4 3 MICRON
ADELPHI
COAL-OIL-WATER
MCG/DSCM
.151E403
.138E404
.275E400
.317E403
.275E403
.151E405
.413E400
.413E+00
.275E401
.138E402
.234E402
.413E400
.826E+00
> .138E404
.275E401
.110E403
.633E403
.275E401
.413E402
.206E403
.206E403
1 MICRON 4 FILTER
.714E401
J .000E+00
.596E400
> .146E403
.232E403
> .357E403
.477E+00
.000E+00
.596E+00
.596E+01
.107E+02
.477E+00
.238E+01
> .596E+03
. 298E+01
.405E+02
.286E+03
.357E+01
.834E+02
.953E+02
.369E+02
XAD-2
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.328E+03
. 492E+01
.109£403
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
< .164E+01
.008E+00
.000E+00
.547E-f00
.000E+00
< .109E+01
.000E400
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.219E+01
1ST IWRINGER
< .524E+00
.749E+01
.000E+00
J .000E+00
.150E400
.973E+06
.000E400
< .749E-01
.000E+00
,000E+00
.000E+00
.000E400
.299E+00
.352E+01
.000E400
.000E+00
.599E+00
.000E+00
< .749E-01
> .743E403
.374E400
2ND & 3RD IMPINGERS
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
O3
ro
-------
CO
I
ra
01
CONCENTRATION
ELEMENT
ALUMINUM
ANTIMONY
ARSENIC
BARIUM
BERYLLIUM
BISMUTH
BORON
BROMINE
CADMIUM
CALCIUM
CERIUM
CESIUM
CHLORINE
CHROMIUM
COBALT
COPPER
DYSPROSIUM
ERBIUM
EUROPIUM
FLUORINE
GADOLINIUM
GALLIUM
GERMANIUM
HAFNIUM
HOLMIUM
IODINE:
IRON
LANTHANUM
LEAD
LITHIUM
LUTCTIUM
MAGNESIUM
MANGANESE
MERCURY
MOLYBDENUM
NEODYMIUM
NICKEL
NIOBIUM
PHOSPHORUS
PLATINUM
POTASSIUM
PRASEODYMIUM
RUUIDIUM
SAMARIUM
V.AMIJI MM
ADELPH1
COAL-OIL-WATER
MCG/DSCM
EXHAUST GAS
> .153E+03
484E+01 .119E+04
.123E+02
.138E+01
.823E+02
.487E+02
. 114E+0KX<.122E+01
> . IBIE-t-04
.147E+03
.778E+01
.150E+03
> .106E+04
.294E+02
.127E+03
.103E+02
.514E-J-01
.394E+01
.136E+03
.986E+01
.824E+02
.411E+02
.257E+01
.711E+01
,394E+0KX<.401E+01
> .273E+04
.119E+03
.779E+03
.106E+03
.573E+00
. 198E+04
.106E+04
.471E+00
.722E+02
.505E+02
> .104E+04
.296E+02
> .197E+04
.164E+01
> .151E^04
296E+02
.982E+02
.381E+02
-------
CONCENTRATION
ELEMENT
SELENIUM
SILICON
SILVER
SODIUM
STRONTIUM
SULFUR
TANTALUM
TELLURIUM
TERBIUM
THALLIUM
THORIUM
THULIUM
TIN
TITANIUM
TUNGSTEN
URANIUM
VANADIUM
YTTERBIUM
YTTRIUM
ZINC
ZIRCONIUM
ADELPHI
COAL-OIL-WATER
MCG/OSCM
EXHAUST GAS
.159E+03
> .138E+04
.596E+00 .790E+03
.513E+03
> .989E+06
.890E+00
.413E+00 .198E+04
.573E+01
.152E-f03
.920E+03
.633E-f01
. 125E+03
> . 105E+04
.246E+03
oo
IN3
en
-------
ADELPHI
COAL-OIL-WATER
NG/J
ELEMENT 10 + 3 MICRON 1 MICRON + FILTER
MASS/HEAT INPUT
XAD-2
1ST IMPINGER
ALUMINUM
ANTIMONY
ARSENIC
BARIUM
BERYLLIUM
BISMUTH
BORON
BROMINE
CADMIUM
CALCIUM
CERIUM
CESIUM
CHLORINE
CHROMIUM
COBALT
COPPER
DYSPROSIUM
ERBIUM
EUROPIUM
FLUORINE
GADOLINIUM
GALLIUM
CD GERMANIUM
' HAFNIUM
Cj HOLMIUM
IODINE
IRON
LANTHANUM
LEAD
LITHIUM
LUTETIUM
MAGNESIUM
MANGANESE
MERCURY
MOLYBDENUM
NEOOYMIUM
NICKEL
NIOBIUM
PHOSPHORUS
PLATINUM
POTASSIUM
PRASEODYMIUM
RUBIDIUM
SAMARIUM
SCANDIUM
> .460E-01
.354E-03
.243E-01
.217E+00
.101E-02
.354E-03
106E-01
.101E-0J
.354E-03
> .506E+00
.26BE-01
.152E-02
.25BE-01
.506E-01
.354E-02
.157E-01
.202E-02
.101E-02
.101E-02
.708E-02
.253E-02
.152E-01
.455E-02
.506E-03
.152E-02
.101E-02
> .506E+00
.212E-01
.212E+00
.657E-02
.101E-03
> .506E+00
.157E+00
.405E-05
.506E-02
.126E-01
.192E-01
.607E-02
> .506E+00
.000E+00
> .506E+00
.607E-02
.177E-01
.961E-02
.268E-01
U
000E400
-131E-82
.350E-01
.219E400
.350E-02
.153E-03
.I94E-01
.362E-02
.656E-04
U .000E400
.263E-01
.131E-02
.501E-02
.613E-81
.722E-02
.127E-01
.175E-02
.875E-63
.43BE-03
.327E-01
.109E-02
.140E-01
.105E-01
.43BE-03
.109E-02
.435E-03
> .219E400
.219E-01
.503E-01
.306E-01
.109E-03
> .217E480
> .219E400
.103E-03
.591E-02
.591£-02
.875E-01
.481E-02
> . 218E400
.000E400
U
.000E400
.481E-02
.182E-01
.438E-02
.123E-01
.603E-02
.000E+00
..000E400
.000E400
.000E400
.000E400
.201E-03
.402E-02
.000E400
. \ 47E-f00
.803E-03
,000E400
.241E-01
.281E-02
.000E400
.201E-02
.000E400
.600E+00
.000E400
.562E-02
.000E400
.100E-02
.000E400
.000E400
.008E+00
.000E+00
.603E-02
.603E-03
.161E-02
.201E-03
.000E+00
.603E-02
.161E-02
< .141E-05
.100E-01
.000E+00
000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.603E-03
.362E-01
.060E+00
< 201E-03
.000E400
.000E400
.412E-02
.110E-03
.000E+00
.412E-03
,000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.137E-03
.275E-04
.110E-01
< .275E-04
< .275E-04
.275E-03
> .275E+00
.275E-04
.163E-01
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E400
.440E-02
.000E+00
.825E-04
.275E-04
.000E+00
.000E+00
.275E-04
.274E+00
.275E-04
.219E-01
.165E-02
. 000E+00
.000E400
.137E-01
.467E-04
.550E-02
.000E+00
.275E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E400
.137E-0I
.000E+00
.275E-04
.000E+00
.000E400
2ND 4 3RD IMPINGERS
.000E+00
< .258E-03
< .181E-03
.000E400
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
.000E+00
.000E400
N .000E+00
.000E+00
N .000E400
N .000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
N
N
N
N
N
.080E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E400
.000E400
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E400
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
.000E+00
N .000E400
.000E400
N .000E+00
N .000E400
.000E400
.000E+00
. 181E-04
N .000E+00
N .000E+00
.000E+00
N .000E+00
.000E+00
N .000E+00
N
N
N
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E400
.000E400
-------
MASS/HEAT INPUT
ELEMENT 10
SELENIUM
SILICON
SILVER
SODIUM
STRONTIUM
SULFUR
TANTALUM
TELLURIUM
TERBIUM
THALLIUM
THORIUM
THULIUM
TIN
TITANIUM
TUNGSTEN
URANIUM
VANADIUM
YTTERBIUM
YTTRIUM
ZINC
ZIRCONIUM
3 MICRON
ADELPHI
COAL-OIL-WATER
NG/J
.556E-01
.506E+00
.101E-03
.116E+00
.101E+00
.556E+01
.152E-03
.152E-03
.101E-02
.506E-02
.860E-02
.152E-03
.303E-03
> .506E+00
.101E-02
.405E-01
.233E+00
.101E-02
.152E-01
.758E-01
.758E-01
1 MICRON + FILTER
U
.262E-02
.000E+00
.219E-03
> .535E-01
.853E-01
> .131E+00
.175E-03
.000E+00
.219E-03
.219E-02
.393E-02
.175E-03
.875E-03
> .219E+00
.109E-«2
.149E-01
.105E+00
.131E-02
.306E-01
.350E-01
.136E-01
XAD-2
. 000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.121E+00
.181E-02
.402E-01
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
< .603E-03
.000E+00
.000E+00
.201E-03
.000E+00
< .402E-03
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.803E-03
1ST IMPINGER
< .192E-03
. 275E-02
. 000E+00
U .000E+00
. 550E-04
. 357E+03
. 000E+00
< .275E-04
. 000E+00
. 000E+00
. 000E+00
.110E-03
. 1 29E-02
. 000E+00
. 000E+00
. 220E-03
. 000E+00
< .275E-04
> .273E+00
.137E-03
2ND & 3RD IMPINGERS
.000E400
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
N
N
N
N
N
N
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E400
.000E400
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E400
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E400
DO
i
ro
03
-------
MASS/HEAT INPUT
ELEMENT
ALUMINUM
ANTIMONY
ARSENIC
BARIUM
BERYLLIUM
BISMUTH
BORON
BROMINE
CADMIUM
CALCIUM
CERIUM
CESIUM
CHLORINE
CHROMIUM
COBALT
COPPER
DYSPROSIUM
ERBIUM
EUROPIUM
FLUORINE
GADOLINIUM
GALLIUM
CD GERMANIUM
^ HAFNIUM
to HOLMIUM
IODINE
IRON
LANTHANUM
LEAD
LITHIUM
LUTETIUM
MAGNESIUM
MANGANESE
MERCURY
MOLYBDENUM
NEOOYMIUM
NICKEL
NIOBIUM
PHOSPHORUS
PLATINUM
POTASSIUM
PRASEODYMIUM
RUBIDIUM
SAMARIUM
V.AIJOIUM
FUEL-COW
ADELPHI
COAL-OIL-WATER
NG/J
.637E+00
.000E+00
.127E+00
.700E400
.955E-02
.000E+00
.637E-01
.223E-01
.127E-02
.31BE+01
.318E-01
.955E-02
.318E-01
.191E+00
.637E-01
.955E-01
.000E+00
.000E+00
.159E-02
.223E+00
.000E+00
.318E-01
.191E-01
.000E+00
.000E+00
.127E-01
.318E+01
.637E-0I
.127E400
.318E-01
.000E+00
.293E+01
.31BE+00
.000E+00
.318E-01
.191E-01
.255E+00
.159E-01
111E+01
.000E+00
.318E+01
.955E-02
,637E-0t
.127E-01
.955E-02
EXHAUST GAS
> .562E-01
178E-02 .437E+00
.451E-02
.507E-03
.302E-01
.179E-01
.420E-03 .663E+00
.539E-01
.286E-02
.552E-01
> .389E+00
.10BE-01
.467E-01
.377E-02
.189E-02
.145E-02
.498E-01
.362E-02
.303E-01
.151E-01
.943E-03
.261£-02
.145E-02 .100E+01
.437E-01
.286E+00
.391E-01
.211E-03
.729E+00
.391E+00
.173E-03
.265E-01
.1B5E-01
.382E+00
109E-01
.724E+00
.603E-03
.556E+00
.109E-01
36IE-01
.140E-01
.390E-01
-------
MASS/HEAT INPUT
ELEMENT
SELENIUM
SILICON
SILVER
SODIUM
STRONTIUM
SULFUR
TANTALUM
TELLURIUM
TERBIUM
THALLIUM
THORIUM
THULIUM
TIN
TITANIUM
TUNGSTEN
URANIUM
VANADIUM
YTTERBIUM
YTTRIUM
ZINC
ZIRCONIUM
ADELPHI
COAL-OIL-WATER
NG/J
FUEL-COW EXHAUST GAS
.955E-01 .584E-01
> .318E+01 > .508E+00
.255E-02 .219E-03 .162E+01 > .290E+00
.255E+00 .188E+00
.509E+03 > .363E+03
.000E+00 .327E-03
000E+00 .152E-03 .31BE+01 > .726E+00
.000E+00 .211E-02
.223E-01 .557E-01
.477E+00 .338E+00
.000E+00 .232E-02
.955E-01 .45BE-01
.191E+00 > .384E+00
.191E-01 .903E-01
oo
LO
o
-------
PPM
ELEMENT
ALUMINUM
ANTIMONY
ARSENIC
BARIUM
BERYLLIUM
BISMUTH
BORON
BROMINE
CADMIUM
CALCIUM
CERIUM
CESIUM
CHLORINE
CHROMIUM
COBALT
COPPER
DYSPROSIUM
ERBIUM
EUROPIUM
FLUORINE
GADOLINIUM
GALLIUM
03 GERMANIUM
/, HAFNIUM
t- HOLMIUM
IODINE
IRON
LANTHANUM
LEAD
LITHIUM
LUTETIUM
MAGNESIUM
MANGANESE
MERCURY
MOLYBDENUM
NEODYMIUM
NICKEL
NIOBIUM
PHOSPHORUS
PLATINUM
POTASSIUM
PRASEODYMIUM
RUBIDIUM
SAMARIUM
ICAItfJlUM
ADELPHI
COAL-OIL-WATER
PPM
10+3 MICRON
>.910E+02
.700E+00
.480E+02
.430E+03
.200E+01
.700E+00
.210E+02
.200E+02
.700E+00
X100E+04
.530E+02
.300E+01
.510E+02
.100E+03
.700E+01
.310E+02
.400E+01
.200E+01
.200E+01
.140E+02
.500E+01
.300E+02
.900E+01
.100E+01
.300E+01
.200E+01
>.100E+04
.420E+02
,420E+03
.130E+02
.200E+00
>.100E+04
.310E+03
.800E-02
.100E+02
.250E+02
.380E+02
.120E+02
>.100E+04
.000E+00
>,100E+04
.120E+02
.350E+02
,190E+02
530E+02
1 MICRON + FILTER
U.000E+00
.600E+01
.160E+03
X100E+04
.160E+02
.700E+00
.888E+02
.166E+02
.300E+00
U.000E+00
.120E+03
.600E+01
.229E+02
.280E+03
.330E+02
.580E+02
.800E-1-01
.400E+01
.200E+01
.149E+03
.500E+01
.640E+02
.480E+02
.200E+01
.500E+01
.199E+01
>.999E+03
.100E+03
.230E+83
.140E+03
.500E+00
>.991E+03
>.100E+04
.470E+00
.270E+02
.270E+02
.400E+03
.220E+02
>.997E+03
.000E+00
U.000E+00
,220E+02
.830E+02
,200E+02
.560E+02
XAD-2
.300E+01
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
000E+00
.000E+00
.100E+00
.200E+01
.000E+00
.730E+02
.400E+00
.000E+00
.120E+02
.140E+01
.000E+00
.100E401
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.280E+01
.000E+00
.S00E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.300E+01
.300E+00
.800E+00
. 100E+00
.000E+00
.300E+01
.800E+00
<.700E-03
.500E+01
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.300E+00
,180E+02
.000E+00
<.100E400
,000E+00
.000E+00
1ST IMPINGER
.150E+00
.400E-02
.000E+00
.150E-01
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
•C.500E-02
<.100E-02
.400E+00
<.100E-02
•C.100E-02
100E-01
>.999E-I-01
.100E-02
.594E+00
. 000E+00
. 000E+00
.000E+00
. 160E+00
. 000E+00
.300E-02
.100E-02
. 000E+00-
.000E+00
<.100E-02
>.997E+01
<.100E-02
.796E-f00
.600E-01
.000E+00
.000E+00
.499E+00
.170E-02
.200E+00
.000E+00
>.100E+02
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.500C+00
.000E+90
•C.100E-02
.000E+00
.000E+00
2ND & 3RD IMPINGERS
.000E+00
<.100E-01
<.700E-02
.000E+00
N.000E+00
N.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
N.000E+00
.000E+00
N.000E+00
N.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
N.000E+00
N.000E+00
N.000E+00
.000E+00
N.000E+00
.000E+00
N. 000E+00
N.000E+00
N.000E+00
N.000E+00
.000E+00
N.000E+00
.000E+00
N.000E+00
N.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.700E-03
N.000E+00
N.000E+00
.000E+00
N.000E+00
.000E+00
N.000E+00
N
000E+00
000E+00
N.000E+00
N.000E+00
.000E+00
-------
PPM
ELEMENT
SELENIUM
SILICON
SILVER
SODIUM
STRONTIUM
SULFUR
TANTALUM
TELLURIUM
TERBIUM
THALLIUM
THORIUM
THULIUM
TIN
TITANIUM
TUNGSTEN
URANIUM
VANADIUM
YTTERBIUM
YTTRIUM
ZINC
ZIRCONIUM
ADELPHI
COAL-OIL-WATER
PPM
10-1-3 MICRON 1 MICRON + FILTER
.110E+63
>.100E+04
:.200E+00
>.230E+03
.200E+03
.110E+05
.300E+00
.300E+00
.200E+01
.100E+02
.170E+02
.300E+00
.600E+00
..100E+04
.200E+01
.800E+02
. 460E+03
.200E+01
.300E+02
.150E+03
.150E+03
.120E+02
U.000E+00
.100E+01
>.244E+03
.390E+03
>.660E+03
.B00E+00
.000E+00
.100E+01
.100E+02
.180E+02
.800E+00
.400E+01
>.100E+04
.500E+01
.680E+02
.480E+03
.600E+01
.140E+03
.160E+03
. G19E+02
XAD-2
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.600E+02
.900E+00
.200E+02
.000E+00
.000E400
.000E+00
.000E+0B
<.300E+90
.000E+00
.000E+00
.100E+00
.000E400
<.200E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.400E+00
1ST IMPINGER
<.700E-02
.100E+00
. 000E-4-00
U.000E+00
. 200E-02
.130E+05
.000E+60
<.100E-02
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
.400E-02
.470E-01
.000E+00
.000E+00
.800E-02
.000E+00
<.100E-02
X993E+01
.500E-02
2ND Ic 3RD IMPINGERS
.000E400
.000E+00
.000E400
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
N.000E+00
N.000E+00
N.000E+00
N.000E400
.000C+00
N.000E+00
N.000E+00
.000E+00
N.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
N.000E+00
N.000E+00
.000E+00
.C00E+00
co
CO
ro
-------
PPM
ELEMENT
ALUMINUM
ANTIMONY
ARSENIC
BARIUM
BERYLLIUM
BISMUTH
BORON
BROMINE
CADMIUM
CALCIUM
CERIUM
CESIUM
CHLORINE
CHROMIUM
COBALT
COPPER
DYSPROSIUM
ERBIUM
EUROPIUM
FLUORINE
GADOLINIUM
GALLIUM
CD GERMANIUM
' HAFNIUM
GJ HOLMIUM
IODINE
IRON
LANTHANUM
LEAD
LITHIUM
LUTET1UM
MAGNESIUM
MANGANESE
MERCURY
MOLYBDENUM
NEODYMIUM
NICKEL
NIOBIUM
PHOSPHORUS
PLATINUM
POTASSIUM
PRASEODYMIUM
RUBIDIUM
SAMARIUM
SCANDIUM
ADELPH5
COAL-OiL-WATER
PPM
FUEL-COW
>.200E+02
. 000E+00
.400E+01
. 220E+02
.300E+00
.000E+00
.200E+01
.700E+00
.400E-01
>.100E+03
.100E+01
.300E+00
.100E+01
.600E+01
.200E+01
.300E+01
.000E+00
.000E+00
500E-01
.700E+01
.000E+00
.100E+01
.600E+00
.000E+00
.0006+60
.400E+00
>.100E+03
. 200E+01
.400E+01
.100E+01
.000E+00
.920E402
. 100E+02
.000E+00
,100E+01
.600E+00
.800E+01
.500E+00
.350E+02
.000E+00
>,100E+03
.300E+00
200E+01
,400E+00
.300E+00
-------
PPM
ELEMENT
SELENIUM
SILICON
SI LVER
SODIUM
STRONTIUM
SULFUR
TANTALUM
TELLURIUM
TERBIUM
THALLIUM
THORIUM
THULIUM
TIN
TITANIUM
TUNGSTEN
URANIUM
VANADIUM
YTTERBIUM
YTTRIUM
ZINC
ZIRCONIUM
ADELPHI
COAL-OIL-WATER
PPM
FUEL-COW
.300E+01
>.100E+03
.800E-01
>.510E+02
.800E+01
.160E+05
.000E+00
.000E+00
.000E+00
400E+00
400E+00
.000E+00
.500E-01
>.100E+03
.000E+00
.700E+00
.150E402
.000E+00
.300E+01
.600E+01
.600E+00
03
i
CO
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/7-84-095a
2.
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
Environmental Assessment of a Firetube Boiler Firing
Coal/Oil/Water Mixtures; Volume I. Technical
Results
5. REPORT DATE
September 1984
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
R. DeRosier
a. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
TR-81-89/EE
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Acurex Corporation
Energy and Environmental Division
P.O. Box 7555
Mountain View. California 94039
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-02-3188
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
EPA, Office of Research and Development
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final; 2/81 - 11/83
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/13
is. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES IERL-RTP project officer is Robert E. Hall. Mail Drop 65, 919/
541-2477. Volume II is a Data Supplement.
. ABSTRACT xhis volume describes emission results from sampling of flue gas from a
firetube boiler burning a coal/oil/water (COW) mixture and COW with soda ash
added (COW+SA) to control SO2 emissions. Measurements included: continuous mon-
itoring of flue gas emissions; source assessment sampling system (SASS) sampling
of the flue gas with subsequent laboratory analysis of the samples to give total flue
gas organics in two boiling point ranges, specific quantitation of the semivolatile
organic priority pollutant species, and flue gas concentrations of 73 trace elements;
Method 5 sampling for total particulate; and controlled condensation system sampling
for SO2 and SOS emissions. Flue gas SO2 emissions decreased almost 99% with soda
ash addition from 1,089 to 13.6 ppm (3% O2). NOx emissions decreased slightly from
477 to 427 ppm, while CO emissions increased significantly from an average of 25
to 426 ppm (all at 3% O2). Particulate loading at the boiler outlet almost doubled
(from 1, 970 to 3, 715 pg/dscm) with the additive. The size distribution of particulate
also shifted to a much smaller mean diameter. Total organic emissions increased
from 6. 7 to 13.1 mg/dscm; most of the increase were nonvolatile (C16+) organics. Of
the semivolatile organic priority pollutant species, only fluoranthene and phenanth-
rene were detected with the COW fuel, and phenanthrene with the COW+SA fuel.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b. IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
COSATI Field/Croup
Pollution Assessments
Fire Tube Boilers
Coal ' Flue Gases
Fuel Oil
Water
Sodium Carbonates
Pollution Control
Stationary Sources
Coal/Oil/Water Mixture
Environmental Assess-
ment
13B
ISA
21D
07B
14B
21B
13. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
Release to Public
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
Unclassified
21. NO. OF
US
kGES
20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage!
Unclassified
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
B-35
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