J£L\ ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
^&J OFFICE OF WATER PROGRAMS
A CATALOG OF RESEARCH IN AQUATIC PEST CONTROL
AND PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS
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EPA Review Notice
This report has been reviewed by the Office of Water Programs of the En-
vironmental Protection Agency and approved for publication. Approval does
not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views and policies of the
Environmental Protection Agency, or does mention of trade names or commercial
products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use.
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PESTICIDE STUDY SERIES - 1
A CATALOG OF RESEARCH IN
AQUATIC PEST CONTROL
AND PESTICIDE RESIDUES
IN AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS
This catalog is the result of Contract No. 68-01-0349 awarded by the OWP, as
part of the Pesticides Study (Section 5(l)(2) P.L. 91-224) to the Smithsonian Science
Information Exchange, Inc.
The EPA Project Officer was: Charles D. Reese, Agronomist
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Office of Water Programs
Division of Applied Technology
Rural Wastes Branch
MAY 1972
For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office
Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price $2.75
Stock Number 5501-0355
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FOREWORD
This catalog prepared by Smithsonian Science Information Exchange,
Inc. is part of series concerned with the methods to control the release of pesti-
cides into the environment, the fate and persistence of pesticides in the aquatic
environment and alternatives to pesticides. This catalog and subsequent publi-
cations in the series was developed under the provisions of Section 5(1)(2) P.L.
91-224.
This catalog is a current listing of the research effort related to pesticides
impacting on the aquatic environment.
111
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Editor's Note
Much interest and demand has arisen for a compilation of current research for the area of
pesticides and pest control in aquatic environments. Toward this end, the Office of Water Pro-
grams of the Environmental Protection Agency contracted with the Smithsonian Science In-
formation Exchange to assemble and prepare a compilation of appropriate pesticides and pest
control studies. Special consideration was given to providing a selection of research projects
and a subject index which would encompass this broad subject area in a useful form. A total of
884 projects which were active during the FY 1970 and FY 1971 period were included. On the
average, 14 subject entries have been included for each project.
Along with the summaries of the projects, the catalog contains the following indexes: Subject
Index, Investigator Index, Contracting Agency Index, and Supporting Agency Index. The
information which appears in the summaries and the indexes was taken directly from the project
record as received by the Smithsonian Science Information Exchange.
The Subject Index is an hierarchical arrangement of index items, indicating relationships
between broader and narrower concepts. The index term is followed by the project title, and the
chapter identification number of the project. As a further aid in locating subject areas, the first
high-level hierarchical term to appear on a left-hand page will be shown in the upper left-hand
corner of that page, and the last high-level term to appear on the right-hand will appear in the
upper right-hand corner of that page, in dictionary fashion.
The Investigator Index is an alphabetical listing of the investigators listed on the project
record. An asterisk designates the principal investigator. Unless specified, the first name listed
on the project record was selected as the principal investigator. In several instances it is apparent
that the "investigator" denoted on the source document is, in fact, a program manager, who may
not be at the institution or location listed with the project record or displayed with the other
indexes.
The Supporting Agency Index (indicating funding sources) and the Performing Organizations
Index are single alphabetical listings.
All of the Indexes in this catalog were generated by means of a computer, necessitating a
limitation on the number of characters available for index terms and captions. Thus, in some
instances, abbreviations had to be used.
It is our desire that the users of this catalog further acquaint themselves with the services
of the Smithsonian's Science Information Exchange. As a National Registry of Research in
Progress, the Exchange receives 100,000 summaries of on-going research each year defining
Who is planning What research, Where and How supported. We invite your questions and regis-
tration of your current research efforts. For additional information, write Smithsonian Science
Information Exchange, 1730 M Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20036.
Readers are requested to advise the Smithsonian Science Information Exchange of any
errors of omission or commission that have been made. Also, critiques of this volume are en-
couraged so that future editions may present research information in a manner most convenient
and acceptable to the user.
l,< ,
David F. Hersey, President ^
Smithsonian Science Information Exchange
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
iii
FOREWORD
EDITOR'S NOTE v
1-1
DESCRIPTION OF RESEARCH PROJECTS
1. Pesticide Residues and Aquatic Environments (movement, persistence, accumu-
lation or degradation, monitoring, and analysis of residues)
1A. Soil (soil leaching mechanisms, aquifers, groundwater, wells)
IB. Surface waters (precipitation, surface runoff, streams, lakes, oceans,
aquatic sediments)
1C. Fish and shellfish (residues in tissues)
ID. Food chains (residues or effects in aquatic food chains from nanno-
plankton to birds and man)
2. Aquatic Pest Control (target oriented use of chemical, biological, cultural, me-
chanical or physical control methods)
2A. Aquatic insects
2B. Aquatic weeds (submersed, floating, amphibious, or riparian plants
and aquatic algae) 1 ~83
2C. Fish (control of lamprey or rough fish or the chemical manipulation of
fish populations for sampling harvesting or transferring purposes) 1-101
2D. Snails and other aquatic pests or predators (control of marine mollusks,
freshwater or land snails, bird or mammal predators) 1-114
3. Fish and Shellfish Pathology 1-121
3 A. Epidemiology (no control or treatment evaluated or suggested) 1-121
3B. Treatment or control measures (emphasis may still be on epidemiology).. 1-136
4. Aquatic Pest Ecosystems (phenology, life history, habitat, distribution and
classification) 1-143
4A. Aquatic algae and aquatic vascular plants 1-143
4B. Aquatic insects 1-148
4C. Fish and shellfish 1-156
SUBJECT INDEX 2-1
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR INDEX 3-1
PERFORMING ORGANIZATION INDEX 4-1
SUPPORTING AGENCY INDEX 5_1
VI
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DESCRIPTION OF RESEARCH TASKS
1. PESTICIDE RESIDUES AND AQUATIC
ENVIRONMENTS
( Movement, Persistence, Accumulation or Degradation, Monitoring, and
Analysis of Residues)
1A. SOIL ( Soil Leaching Mechanisms, Aquifers, Groundwater,
Wells)
1.0001, LEACHING OF SELECTED HERBICIDES IN
ALABAMA SOILS
A.E. HILTBOLD, Auburn University, School of Agriculture, Au-
burn, Alabama 36830
The objectives of the proposed research are to determine the
leaching and dispersion characteristics of picloram, 2,4,5-T and
methanearsonate herbicides in several Alabama soils. Both field
plots and laboratory soil will be used. The laboratory and field
characteristics needed to classify these soils will be obtained. The
results should help elucidate some of the significant soil, herbi-
cide and environmental factors which affect herbicide movement.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - O. Wtr. Res. Rch.
1.0002, INACTIVATION AND LOSS OF PESTICIDES
FROM SOIL
A.E. HILTBOLD, Auburn University, Agricultural Experiment
Sta., Auburn, Alabama 36830 (ALA00200)
OBJECTIVE: Determine inactivation and loss of pesticides
from soil by volatilization, microbial degradation, non-
microbiological degradation, movement of water through or over
soil, for the purpose of identifying primary loss processes, relating
these processes to soil properties, and predicting pesticide per-
sistence.
APPROACH: Relative biological and non-biological break-
down of atrazine will be determined by measurement of hydroloy-
sis of labeled atrazine in soil samples incubated with normal
m icroflora and in autoclaved samples of these soils. Volatilization
and microbial degradation of fluometuron and trifluralin will be
determined in soil samples with C labeled herbicide during incu-
bation in controlled air streams. Field experiments will provide
bioassay data on persistence of preplant applications of atrazine,
trifluralin and nitralin. Analysis of field plot soils and harvested
crops will provide information on movement and uptake of ar-
senic from methanearsonates.
PROGRESS: Processes of retention and loss of benefin (N-
butyl-N- ethyl-alpha,alpha,alpha-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-p-
toluidine) were investigated. Benefin was placed at precise depth
in Orangeburg, Greenville and Dothan loamy sands in the field,
then soil samples were obtained at intervals during the season.
During the first 2 weeks the original 20 ppm of benefin decreased
to 10 ppm while the untreated soil above and below acquired 1
ppm of benefin. Despite 19' of rainfall benefin was not found
deeper than 1' below its position of placement. A monodealky-
lated degradation product appeared in deeper soil layers late in
the season. Laboratory incubation of these soils containing (C)-
labeled benefin showed slow biodegradation of benefin. Increas-
ing microbial activity with added organic matter stimulated
benefin degradation. Primary loss process of benefin was found to
be volatilization to the atmosphere. Leaching played little or no
part except to move degradation products downward. At normal
use rates for weed control in peanuts, benefin did not persist into
the fall and residues in the soil were nonphytotoxic.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture C.S.R.S.
1.0003, FATE OF HARMFUL METALS IN SOIL AND
WATER SYSTEMS
W.E. NELSON, Tuskegee Institute, George W. Carver Res.
Found., Tuskegee Institute, Alabama 36088
No summary has been provided to the Science Information
Exchange.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Hlth. Ed. & Wei. E.H.S.
1.0004, CONTROL METHODS FOR JUNIPERS, SHRUB
LIVE OAK, AND ASSOCIATED WEEDS
T.N. JOHNSEN, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Crops Research Divi-
sion, Flagstaff, Arizona 86003 (0710-04-02)
OBJECTIVE: To develop and evaluate control methods for
use on junipers, shrub live oak, and associated species as part of a
broad national program to develop principles and practices on
control of weeds and brush under various climatic conditions.
APPROACH: Studies include field, laboratory and green-
house experiments on methods of controlling brush and weed spe-
cies that are problems on grazing lands and will include studies of
herbicides and their ecological, physiological and agronomical
aspects as they affect rangeland brush and weed populations and
the resulting ecological impact on desirable vegetation. Studies
include some aspects of fate of herbicides when applied to
watershed areas.
PROGRESS: Picloram injected into a small stream at the rate
of 5 ppmw for 50 minutes had downstream picloram concentra-
tion peaks of 2.5 ppm at 1/4 mile, 0.9 ppm at 1/2 mile, 0.34 ppm
at 1 mile, 0.01 at 2 miles, 0.002 ppm at 4 miles and not detectable
at collection points further downstream. Picloram was not de-
tectable from water and soil samples collected downstream of the
injection point after 48 hours and during the remainder of 1969.
Broadcast burning of chaparral vegetation 2 months after aerial
spray treatment reduced the soil picloram content from 1.1 to 0.2
Ib/A. Unburned plots had little or no change in picloram content
during the same time interval. Damage on vegetation indicated m-
(3,3-dimethylureido)phenyl-tert-butylcarbamate has moved as
much as 200 feet off of 1/10 acre-sized plots treated with a
granule formulation on clay soils. Evidence of herbicide move-
ment from spot applications of this herbicide were less. The herbi-
cide effectively controls shrub live oak, gambel oak and Utah ju-
niper at 4 to 8 Ib/A, broadcast on the soil.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - A.R.S. - C.R.
1.0005, WATER YIELD IN THE CHAPARRAL AND
WOODLAND ZONE OF THE SOUTHWEST
A.R. HIBBERT, Arizona State University, U.S.D.A. Rocky Mtn.
For. Sta., Tempe, Arizona 85281 (RM1609)
OBJECTIVE: Improve water yield by converting chaparral
to other vegetation cover without increasing erosion or pollution.
APPROACH: What are effective measures for converting
chaparral to other vegetation cover to increase water without in-
creasing sediment or pollution. Effectiveness of cover changes on
water and sediment production is being determined at a network
of small experimental watersheds in the chaparral. Water-using
characteristics of chaparral plants are not understood. The water-
using characteristics of chaparral plants are being studied in the
1-1
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1. PESTICIDE RESIDUES AND AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS
laboratory and field to find ways of reducing and controlling
transpiration. Effects of conversion on the ecology of natural
chaparral cover does not exist. Ecology of the native cover is
being studied in the field and laboratory to understand structural
and successional patterns and to determine effective methods of
shrub control and cover conversion.
PROGRESS: Converting brush to grass in Arizona chaparral
substantially increases water yield and creates permanent flow in
previously intermittent streams. Streamflow on 3 small experi-
mental catchments has increased as much as 3 times pretreatment
yields depending on rainfall, soils, and brush density. Fenuron
contamination of stream water remains low following application
of 23 pounds active fenuron per acre in pelleted form to the soi]
surface in a strip 75 feet each side of stream channels comprising
38 acres or 15% of the total watershed area. The highest concen-
tration was 0.43 ppm 33 days after treatment following heavy
rains. Trace amounts of fenuron were still present in the stream
water 27 months after treatment. About 2.4% (21 pounds) of the
applied chemical left the catchment via streamflow during 27
months in which rainfall totaled 50 inches and streamflow 4.4
inches. Quantitative bioassay tests have shown that granular Tan-
dex at 20 pounds active ingredient per acre penetrates faster and
deeper in sandy ridge- top soil than in finer soils with more or-
ganic matter located at the base of slopes. After 8 months and 9.8
inches of rain, Tandex was present to depths of 12 to 30 inches,
depending on these soil properties, in amounts which were lethal
to oats.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - F.S.
1.0006, PESTICIDE MOBILITY AND DEGRADATION IN
SOIL-WATER SYSTEMS
G.R. DUTT, Univ. of Arizona, Agricultural Experiment Sta., Tuc-
son, Arizona 85721 (ARZT-2020-4151-018)
OBJECTIVE: Identify the physical-chemical properties of
pesticide- soil-water systems. Develop a mathematical model
which will provide semiquantitative predictions of pesticide
movement in soil-water systems.
APPROACH: Carbon 14 labeled Picloram, 2,4-D, 2,4,5-T
will be solubilized in aqueous solutions of different ionic composi-
tion and concentrations over a range of temperatures. Using data
from other cooperation stations and the above, a system analysis
model will be developed.
PROGRESS: A model for calculating the distribution and
soil solution concentration of atrazine was altered to take into ac-
count the change in solubility of atrazine with solutions of elec-
trolytes, the difference in sorption and desorption isotherms, and
the change in distribution coefficient with different ratios of Na,
Ca, and Mg. The data from leaching studies are being compared
with theoretical results. These correlations seem to confirm that
the above findings are responsible for the tailing off of
breakthrough curves.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture C.S.R.S.
greater than other plants, are easily collected, and occur in most
irrigation canals. From what has been learned regarding the wide
dtoribrt^frf DDT and DDE, and the recent history of heavy
DDT use in Arizona, alfalfa grown in the intensively cultivated ,r-
rigated areas probably will bear detectable residues of these com-
pounds for the next several years, even if the use of DDT is
discontinued. Extraction of hay samples for DDTR with a solvent
combination of chlorofornrmethanol (1:1) is the most exhaustive
method found to date.
SUPPORTED BY Arizona State Government
1 0008, INTERACTION OF FERTILIZERS WITH PESTI-
CIDES AS RELATED TO WATER QUALITY IN SOILS
D.A. BROWN, Univ. of Arkansas, Agricultural Experiment Sta.,
Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701 (ARK00657)
OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the effect on solubility and adsorp-
tion of pesticides in soil containing various concentrations of fer-
tilizer materials, determine the degradation rate of pesticides in
soil containing differing amounts of fertilizer materials, and pre-
dict the potential effect of results found under objectives 1 and 2
on the quality of water which may be used as domestic, recrea-
tional, and agricultural water supplies.
APPROACH: The solubility and adsorption of four pesti-
cides, Aldrin, Prometryine, Trifluarlin, and Amiben will be mea-
sured in three soils, Crowley silt loam, Sharkey clay, and Dundee
silt loam at two rates each of the fertilizers: ammonium nitrate,
fertilizers. Ammonium sulfate, anhydrous ammonia, urea, potas-
sium chloride, triple superphosphate, and limestone. Solubility of
the pesticides will also be measured in pure water and in aqueous
solutions of the fertilizers. Radioactive-tagged pesticides will be
used, in these studies. Degradation of the pesticides of the soil-
pesticide fertilizer combinations will be measured with gas chro-
matography techniques.
PROGRESS: The chemical, physical, and mineralogical anal-
ysis of Dundee silt loam, Crowley silt loan, and Sharkey Clay were
completed. The effect of 6 nitrogen rates for 5 sources of nitrogen
upon the adsorption of Prometryne, Aldrin and Fluometuron over
four time periods was completed. The effect of
(NH(4))(2)SO(4), NH(4)NO(3) and Nitrane upon the diffusion
of Fluometuron in agar, glass beads and Crowley silt loam was
also measured. Adsorption of pesticides increased as the time of
fertilizer-pesticide interaction was extended. The greatest adsorp-
tion of Aldrin and Prometryne was by Sharkey, followed by
Crowley and Dundee. Increasing rates of Nitrogen increased and
decreased adsorption depending upon changes in pH and salt
content. The diffusion of Fluometuron in Crowley silt loam was
affected by Nitrogen sources, rate, and time of interaction. The
movement was ten times slower than in glass beads or agar, in-
dicating that a soil-fertilizer-fluometuron interaction was present.
The adsorption and diffusion of these pesticides was found to be a
very critical function of pH, salt content, and time of interaction.
SUPPORTED BY Arkansas State Government - Little Rock
1.0007, PESTICIDE RESIDUES ON ARIZONA CROPS
G.W. WARE, Univ. of Arizona, Agricultural Experiment Sta.,
Tucson, Arizona 85721 (ARZT-0800-255-542)
OBJECTIVE: Investigate the deposition and metabolism of
pesticides by animals, plants and microorganisms. Investigate the
interrelations of crops, soil, air and water as they influence pesti-
cide deposition.
APPROACH: Metabolism and deposition studies will involve
normal and radio-labeled insecticides to be detected by liquid
scintillation, thin layer and gas chromatography. These include all
classes of insecticides, to be investigated in the lab, greenhouse
and field. Crop residues will be determined and correlated with
soil and water residues to isolate the contribution of each by
quantitating pesticide additions to soils directly through applica-
tion, irrigation and canal systems, and indirectly from field ef-
fluents into others, and the resulting crop residues from routes
other than deliberate application.
PROGRESS: Two water plants, Cladophora, a filamentous
alga, and Potamogeton, a pondweed known as sage, would serve
as good indicators of water contamination by DDT and related
metabolites. They have an apparent concentrating characteristic
1.0009, IN ACTIVATION AND LOSS OF PESTICIDES
FROM SOIL
R.E. TALBERT, Univ. of Arkansas, Agricultural Experiment Sta.,
Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701 (ARK00633)
OBJECTIVE: Determine inactivation and loss of herbicides
from soil by volatilization, retention and release, and movement
of water through soil for the purpose of identifying primary loss
processes, relating these processes to soil properties, and predict-
ing herbicide persistence.
APPROACH: The physical-chemical aspects of selected her-
bicides with respect to their inactivation and loss from soils will be
studied; Volatility under controlled laboratory conditions utiliz-
ing vapor trapping devices to trap samples for chemical and
biological analysis, retention and release using adsorption
isotherms and diffusion methods, and movement usine soil
column techniques. °
PROGRESS: Studies on the fate of nitralin in soils were con
tinued. The loss of nitralin- C from metal planchetsiunri '
conditions was determined. At temperatures less than i<^n°uS
dark, nitralin- C was not lost over a 150 hr neri^n if ln
i • t_ • H^^iUQ. MOW^v^r at
higher temperatures increasing amounts were lost 50%
1-2
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1. PESTICIDE RESIDUES AND AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS
at 72 C. Protection of nitralin - C samples in metal planchets with
plastic which absorbed in the UV region, reduced the loss of
nitralin to 32% as compared to 43% loss in full sunlight over a 35
hr period. The leaching of nitralin in Loanoke fine sandy loam
was determined in slotted leaching columns using the crabgrass
bioassay. Nitralin was applied to the surface of the columns or in-
corporated into the upper 5 cm of air dry or 15% moisture soil
and (a) not leached, (b) leached immediately, or (c) leached
after 2 days with 10 cm of water. There was generally little move-
ment of the nitralin indicated. The surface application moved
about 3 cm. With incorporation into dry or wet soil and im-
mediate leaching or leaching after 2 days, movement was
generally less than 1 cm. The inactivation and persistence of
nitralin, 1 Ib/A, and fluometuron, 1 1/2 Ib/A as affected by ac-
tivated charcoal (500 Ib/A Darco S-51) was studied under field
conditions. The charcoal completely inactivated both herbicides
during the growing season as indicated by the sensitive species
grown in these plots. There was only a slight decrease in her-
bicidal activity throughout the season where no charcoal was ap-
plied indicating that phytotoxic residues of both compounds
remained at least past one growing season.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - C.S.R.S.
1.0010, EFFICIENCY AND HAZARDS OF RESIDUAL
HERBICIDES IN SOILS UNDER IRRIGATION.
K.H. BOWMER, Comm. Sci. & Indus. Res. Org., Griffith, New
South Wales, Australia
Object: 1. Atrazine, diuron, fluometuron, trifluralin herbi-
cides, a) Investigate possible hazards of over persistent residues to
crops intense rotations (rice, cereals, sorghum, maize, sunflower,
soybean, safflower, cotton), b) Investigate possible hazards of
over persistent residues to crops intense rotations (rice, cereals,
sorghum, maize, sunflower, soyabean, safflower, cotton), b) In-
vestigate instances of inefficient weed control, c) Investigate less
persistent alternatives e.g. thiolcarbamates. 2. Investigate fate of
bromacialherbicide in citrus orchard soil.
Approach: Initially, atrazine and bromacil. Monitor residues
in soil where history of application is well-documented. Field stu-
dies of atrazine activity and persistence under maize. Laboratory
studies with contrasting soil types of adsorption, leaching, per-
sistence of herbicides. Effects of clays, organic matter, pH, tem-
perature and water content on rate and pathway of breakdown.
SUPPORTED BY Australian Government - Canberra
1.0011, MOVEMENT OF CHLORINATED HYDROCAR-
BON INSECTICIDES IN SOILS
J.P. MARTIN, Univ. of California, Agricultural Experiment Sta.,
Berkeley, California 94720 (SWC-024-BELT-12)
OBJECTIVE: Determine the method of movement of
chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides in soils and evaluate the in-
fluence of soil properties, temperature, humidity, and soil-water
content on movement, particularly vapor-phase movement, and
volatilization losses into the atmosphere.
APPROACH: Laboratory experiments will be conducted to
evaluate the influence of various soil and environmental factors
on movement and volatilization of chlorinated hydrocarbon in-
secticides. Commonly used insecticides such as DDT, lindane,
dieldrin, aldrin, etc., will be added to soils typical of Southwestern
semi-arid areas. Rate of movement from a treated to an untreated
portion of the soil will be used to calculate diffusion coefficients
and predict movement under various field conditions including
losses to the atmosphere by volatilization which would occur after
application of insecticides in the field.
PROGRESS: A theory was developed to describe the com-
bined vapor and nonvapor' phase diffusion of a volatile insecti-
cide in soils and compared with the diffusion of lindane in a Gile
silt loam. At a 10% soil-water content, 50% of the lindane diffuses
in the vapor phase and 50% in the'nonvapor' phase. At near satu-
ration, total diffusion is in the 'nonvapor' phase. The diffusion
coefficient for lindane in a Gila silt loam is nearly zero at 1% soil-
water content and increases rapidly to a maximal value at 3%
water content. Decreasing bulk density or increasing temperature
raises the diffusion coefficient. The influence of soil-water con-
tent, relative humidity, air flow rate and insecticide concentration
on the volatility of lindane from soil surfaces is being determined.
The influence of soil type on lindane diffusion is being measured.
All of the above information will be combined to predict the fate
of pesticide residues in soils.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - A.R.S. - S.W.C
1.0012, SORPTION AND MOVEMENT OF POLLUTED
WATER IN SOIL
J. W. BIGGAR, Univ. of California, School of Agriculture, Davis,
California 95616
Necessary information linking the reactions between pesti-
cide and soil, and pesticide and plants, to the characteristics of
each other, the soil solution environment, temperature and water
movement is very spotty and incomplete. Thus this proposal is for
a project to obtain a reasonable amount of related information on
typical soils and selected pesticides related to fixation and move-
ment. Depending upon the type of soil, organic additive and en-
vironment, a number of reactions will determine the extent of
movement and persistence in soils. The organic additive may be
absorbed by soil, exchanged, absorbed by plants, decomposed
into more or less mobile, toxic products, precipitated or leached
into ground water, drainage water and streams.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - F. Wtr. Qua. Adm.
1.0013, PESTICIDE MOBILITY AND DEGRADATION IN
SOIL-WATER SYSTEMS
J.W. BIGGAR, Univ. of California, Agricultural Experiment Sta.,
Davis, California 95616 (CA-DO-WSE-2298-RR)
OBJECTIVE: Identify and characterize the physical-chemi-
cal properties of the pesticide-soil-water system which are per-
tinent to pesticide transport through the soil in infiltrating water,
and pesticide desorption from eroded soil into surface waters.
Measure pesticide transport through and over soil in the field or
in lysimeters, using well characterized initial and boundary condi-
tions.
APPROACH: The thermodynamics of soil pesticide interac-
tions in water will be studied using equilibrium techniques and
radioactive pesticides. The kinetic studies will involve dynamic
systems both of a steady state and transient nature. Field in-
vestigations involve pesticide movement in well defined plots in
which water and pesticide movement are monitored over periods
of weeks. In some cases, overland flow may be examined in
selected watershed areas. The investigators cooperating on this
objective will work closely with those developing models to assure
the maximum usefulness of field data. California will be making
field measurements with the carboxylic acid herbicides on the
soils.
PROGRESS: Work has been extended and now completed
on the persistence and recovery of four chlorinated hydrocarbons
from five California soils involving six extraction methods which
include 12 solvent or combinations of solvents. Hexane 2-
propanal (1:1) appeared to give the best all-around extraction.
Pesticide loss appeared to follow a first-order reaction. The Hi-
ester-Vermuelen rate model for the displacement and removal of
pesticides is being examined as a possible useful predictive model
for pesticide behavior. Calorimetric results of last year were reex-
amined and found to be essentially the same with important dif-
ferences between the Ca and Na-illite systems. Solubility mea-
surements on six organo-phosphate pesticides at 15, 25, and 35 C.
have been completed for ionic solution concentrations of 0 01
and 0.05N CaCl(2) and NaCl.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - C.S.R.S.
1.0014, DEVELOPMENT OF A TECHNIQUE FOR THE
CONTROLLED SELF-DESTRUCTION OF FIELD-APPLIED
DDT
K.H. SWEENY, Aerojet General Corporation, El Monte, Califor-
nia9l734 (14-12-922)
Description: The ultimate objective is the development of a
system for the controlled degradation of field-applied DDT by the
use of integrated microcapsules containing both the pesticide and
degrading chemicals which are activated upon exposure to air,
1-3
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1. PESTICIDE RESIDUES AND AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS
water, or soil. The feasibility of this concept has been demon-
strated by work recently completed under FWQA contract 14-12-
596. The immediate objective of this contract is to optimize the
degradation system and to determine the toxicity of the degrada-
tion products on fish.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Environ. Protect. Agency - O.O.W.P.
1.0015, INVESTIGATIONS OF RESIDUES IN WATER
AND CROPS IRRIGATED WITH WATER CONTAINING
HERBICIDES
F.L. TIMMONS, Stanford Research Institute, Menlo Park,
California 94025 (0710-02-10(0)
OBJECTIVE: Determine the presence and concentrations of
selected herbicides and degradation compounds and metabolites
in water, soil, and in greenhouse-grown crops irrigated with water
containing known concentrations of each herbicide.
APPROACH: Potatoes, carrots, onions, tomatoes, romaine
lettuce, soybeans and milo will be grown to maturity in the green-
house. Amitrole-T, 2,4-D, dalapon, silvex, dichlobenil, diuron,
and simazine will each be applied to two concentrations to irriga-
tion water to be applied by overhead sprinkle and bottom flood-
ing methods to each crop at an early fruiting vs. late fruiting stage.
Samples of treated water will be taken at time of irrigation and
samples of the soil will be taken a few days later. Samples of edi-
ble portions of treated crops will be taken at maturity. All samples
will be analyzed by appropriate methods to determine concentra-
tions of each herbicide and of important metabolites. Diquat and
endothall may be substituted for diuron and simazine.
PROGRESS: All six crops have been grown, irrigated with
treated water, and samples of edible parts taken at normal harvest
time and processed for analyses. Analyses were completed for sil-
vex, 2,4-D, dalapon, and amitrole. Average maximum concentra-
tions (ppm) of 2,4-D residues found in the various crops irrigated
with water containing the highest concentration were as follows:
potatoes, 0.03 to 0.12; milo, 0 to 0.12; carrots, 0.02 to 0.06;
soybeans, none; leaf lettuce, 0.11 to 0.33; onions, all below 0.05.
Residues of silvex (ppm) from the highest concentrations of silvex
in treated water were: potatoes, 0.03 to 0.3; milo, none; soybeans,
0.09 to 0.17; carrots, none; lettuce, none; onions, none. The
residues of dalapon (ppm) from the highest concentration were:
potatoes, 0.04 to 2.7; milo, 0.05 to 0.53; soybeans, 0.6 to 1.9; car-
rots, 0 to 0.81; lettuce, 0.05 to 1.13. No amitrole residues were
found in any crop except the 0.09 ppm in milo grain from sprin-
kler irrigation with water containing 0.44 ppm of amitrole. The
highest concentration of each herbicide was much greater than
those found after normal applications for weed control. Max-
imum residues of dalapon or 2,4-D found in any crop were much
lower than FDA tolerances on several food crops.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture A.R.S. - C.R.
1.0016, VOLATILIZATION LOSSES OF PESTICIDES
FROM SOILS
W.J. FARMER, Univ. of California, School of Agriculture, River-
side, California 92502
In recent years the importance of vapor phase movement of
pesticides has become increasingly apparent. This has particular
significance when the potential for rapid widespread distribution
in the atmosphere is considered. This widespread pesticide dis-
tribution may result in contamination of waters far removed from
the site of original application. The objectives of this project are
to determine the soil and environmental factors of the soil-water-
air system which affects volatilization losses of pesticides from
soils and to develop a model which will allow prediction of
volatilization losses from pesticide treated areas.
The first objective will be met by examining the volatilization
of representatives from several pesticide groups as affected by soil
water content, pesticide concentration, air flow rate, humidity,
formulation, temperature, soil incorporation, crop cover, soil pH,
soil organic matter content and soil clay content.
In the second objective an attempt will be made to relate
quantitatively the volatilization losses of a pesticide to the vapor
pressure and molecular weight of that pesticide and the volatiliza-
tion loss of a known compound such as water or another pesti-
cide.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Environ. Protect. Agency - O.O.W.P.
phenomenon of resprouting in chaparral species and the au-
tecological, anatomical, physiological, and genetic factors which
influence this phenomenon. ...
APPROACH: The research will be conducted in the field,
greenhouse, and laboratory, studying phenology, rate of resprout-
ing, anatomy, growth and development in vitro, carbohydrate
levels, and genetic variability of the dominant chaparral species.
PROGRESS: Tandex continues to look more promising than
picloram in many situations for the control of Quercus dumosa.
Phytotoxicity to grasses has been a serious detriment to the use of
this chemical, and studies are in progress for use of the grid appli-
cation technique to avoid damage to surface vegetation. Final
analyses of the experimental watersheds treated with combina-
tions of 2,4-D, 2,4,5-T, and picloram show that essentially all
residues have disappeared from the water and soil. A careful
study of initial succession of vegetation following these treat-
ments suggests that low residue levels may be phytotoxic to a few
species, but in general, the pattern of succession approximates
that which occurs following wildfires. Such information will be of
use to land planners concerned with long-term ecological effects
of herbicides. Studies of the polar transport of auxin are continu-
ing in sterile culture. The new oxygen combustion method for C-
determinations will be employed to study quantitative and
qualitative changes in growth regulators. A selective bioassay was
devised to evaluate extremely low concentrations of picloram in
soil and water. This assay is selective for picloram, and is not con-
founded with effects from phenoxy-type herbicides.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - C.S.R.S.
1.0018, ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR PESTICIDES IN
SOIL AND WATER
F.A. GUNTHER, Univ. of California, Agricultural Experiment
Sta., Riverside, California 92502 (CA-RO-SSE-2407)
OBJECTIVE: Develop dependable, quantitative extraction
procedures for removing pesticide residues from samples of
water. Develop methods of analysis that will identify and measure
the pesticides present, and that are sufficiently sensitive to permit
the use of smaller samples than are now required. Automate the
analytical procedures as far as practical to achieve maximum out-
put per man-hour.
APPROACH: Carbon columns and other adsorbing media
will be investigated, as well as counter-current partitioning
procedures. Analytical methods, and particularly instrumental
methods that are susceptible to automation, will be developed
and adapted to use for water and soil analysis.
PROGRESS: An automated procedure to determine triazine
herbicides in soil was developed and a publication is in prepara-
tion. The soil sample is introduced into the machine without any
preliminary treatment, an important breakthrough for this type of
analysis. A similar procedure for determining DDT in soil is ap-
proachmg completion. A means for distinguishing between DDT
°-y 3td k-phenyls wa* developed and tested on
' ThCre 5 3 Strikin8 dissimilarity in responses
-
SUPPORTED BY Ctftoni.SM.Ootr™™,
1-4
fates of selected
crops, and small
chains; develop necessary analvt
surements and characterizations
i"teg«te the physical
soils- soi> water, root
methHr? ilW°'Ved in food
methodol°8y for these mea-
-------
1. PESTICIDE RESIDUES AND AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS
APPROACH: Selected currently important pesticide chemi-
cals will be studied by physical-chemical and biochemical
methods in 50 soil types in both field and laboratory in terms of
sorption kinetics, effects of microorganisms, light, temperature,
aeration; or teachability by water; or migration to root crops via
soil water suspensions; and their acquisition from soil water
suspensions by algae, small shrimp, small fishes, and amphibians.
PROGRESS: The persistence of the herbicide Planavin in
different soil types was studied under aerobic and anaerobic con-
ditions. The herbicide was lost rapidly from submerged Hanford
sandy loam soil but very slowly from other soil types. Several
degradation products have been detected and efforts to identify
them are in progress. Irradiation with ultraviolet light yielded two
major photodecompositon products that have been isolated but
not yet characterized. The decomposition of endrin on 10 dif-
ferent air-dried soils was studied and found to vary widely from
soil to soil although quite rapid in all types. The addition of water
to moisten the soil prevented the decomposition during the period
of the study (96 hours). Carbon-skeleton gas chromatography of
DDT and some Aroclors (polychlorinated biphenyls, triphenyls,
or mixtures of these) was investigated as a means of differentiat-
ing between p,p'-DDT and the Aroclors. The dissimilarity in
responses was striking and the procedure offers a simple and reli-
able means for removing the doubts that arise in many instances
where DDT is indicated by gas chromatographic responses, yet
there is reason to doubt its presence. The Schechter-Haller
colorimetric test was also compared for DDT and the Aroclors.
At the wavelength normally used for determining DDT, inter-
ference by Aroclors was negligible. This reaction, therefore, af-
fords a reliable supplementary test for the presence of DDT.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture C.S.R.S.
1.0020, REACTIONS OF PESTICIDES WITH SOILS
J.P MARTIN, Univ. of California, Agricultural Experiment Sta.,
Riverside, California 92502 (CA-RO-SSE-2406)
OBJECTIVE: Study the incorporation of pesticides into the
stable soil humus; the mechanisms of the occasional temporary
toxic effects of pesticide in soil; the mechanisms of pesticide ab-
sorption and desorption by soil constituents; mechanisms of in-
creases in soluble or extractable inorganic ions in soil following
pesticide applications; absorption, transportation, and accumula-
tion of selected pesticides in plants and the influence on plant
growth and metabolic functions; and the influence of soil
exchangeable cation ratios and metal salts of selected pesticides
on decomposition in soil.
APPROACH: The work will involve plant culture in soils and
nutrient solutions in the greenhouse and in growth chambers; and
soil treatment and incubation in the laboratory. In addition to the
usual analytical procedures, gas chromatographic, carbon 14
analysis with a liquid scintillation counter, and infra-red
techniques will be used.
PROGRESS: Studies of lindane diffusion at various moisture
contents and ambient pressures revealed that diffusion occurred
along four major pathways: air-space, air-water interface, water-
water pathway, and water-solid interface. The vapor and water-
water pathway components were readily described by normal
gaseous equations, and ion diffusion equations, respectively. The
quantity diffusing along the air-water interface was proportional
to the area of the air-water interface. Volatilization loss of diel-
drin from Gila silt loam increased with increasing concentration,
air flow rate, relative humidity, soil water content, and tempera-
ture. Losses ranged from 4mg/cm/day up to 600mg/cm/day. Max-
imum dieldrin loss occurred at 100% relative humidity when no
water loss was occurring from the soil. Thus water loss is not
necessary for dieldrin volatility to occur. The ratio of DDT:diel-
drirv.lindane loss was 1:5:17 for both 5 and 10 ppm at 30C. The
volatility results indicate that potential insecticide losses under
field conditions due to volatilization may account for a significant
proportion of the total loss. Methods of reducing DDT levels in
contaminated agricultural fields are under investigation. In one
case, deep plowing to 24 inches has been used to dilute the insec-
ticide and to remove it from the root zone. Soil and crop samples
are being analyzed as a measure of the method's effectiveness.
SUPPORTED BY California State Government Sacramento
1.0021, REACTIONS OF PESTICIDES WITH SOILS IN
RELATION TO SOIL PRODUCTIVITY IN THE
SOUTHWEST
W.F. SPENCER, Univ. of California, U.S.D.A. Soil & Wa. Cons.
Div., Riverside, California 92507 (SWC-024-GRI-3)
OBJECTIVE: Determine the magnitude and method of
chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides in soils and to evaluate the
influence of soil properties, temperature, humidity, and soil-water
content on movement, particularly vapor-phase movement, and
volatilization losses into the atmosphere.
APPROACH: Laboratory experiments will be conducted to
ascertain the physical and chemical properties of chlorinated
hydrocarbon insecticides and other pesticide materials, and eval-
uate the influence of various soil factors affecting their interac-
tions with soils and waters. Commonly used pesticides will be ap-
plied under controlled conditions to semiarid soils. Predictions
will be developed from measuring movement, volatilization
losses, magnitude of absorption and breakdown products under
controlled environmental conditions. Movement, redistribution,
and volatilization of pesticides will be evaluated under actual field
conditions to verify these predictions.
PROGRESS: Relationship between soil properties and vapor
density of soil applied dieldrin indicated that vapor densities were
inversely related to the soil organic matter content, both in wet
and dry soils. Ten ppm dieldrin was required to produce a satu-
rated vapor in a soil containing 67% clay. This indicates that clay
plays only a minor role in absorption of such weakly polar com-
pounds when sufficient water is present to cover the mineral sur-
face. Vapor-phase desorption isotherms relating soil lindane con-
centration to relative vapor density were similar to isotherms
relating soil lindane concentration to the solution concentration.
Dieldrin volatilization was not affected by fluctuating the pressure
of the gas flowing over the soil surface. Volatilization rate over a
29-day period indicated that rate of loss was initially dependent
on vapor density at the soil surface but rapidly became a diffusion
controlled process. Soil samples taken at various depths in plots
treated with dieldrin and lindane indicated that lindane moved
and disappeared from the soil much more rapidly than dieldrin.
Concentration gradients at the surface of irrigated plots indicated
that dieldrin and lindane were lost by volatilization from the sur-
face. Lindane was probably also lost by decomposition.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture A.R.S. S.W.C
1.0022, BEHAVIOR OF POLLUTANTS IN WATER
R.L. WERSHAW, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Reclama-
tion, Denver, Colorado 80225
The objective is to study pesticide residence time, transport
mechanisms, and projected residue levels in natural soil and in
natural hydrologic environments. The mechanisms of infiltration
and solution of certain pesticides are being studied in the labora-
tory and conjunctive field studies are being planned to obtain in-
formation on the parameters related to subsurface infiltration and
to the migration, retention, and decomposition in ground and sur-
face waters.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Geological Survey
1.0023, PESTICIDE MOBILITY AND DEGRADATION IN
SOIL-WATER SYSTEMS
K.G. DOXTADER, Colorado State University, Agricultural Ex-
periment Sta., Fort Collins, Colorado 80521 (COL00242)
OBJECTIVE: Identify the principal degradation products
and determine the mechanisms and kinetics of pesticide transfor-
mations in soil-water systems.
APPROACH: Pesticides will be incubated with soils of vary-
ing chemical, physical, and mineralogical composition. Studies
will be made of the influence of temperature, light, aeration,
added organic matter, and moisture on pesticide decomposition
in these soils. Degradation will also be followed in soil-water
suspensions and in columns of soils perfused with pesticide solu-
1-5
-------
1. PESTICIDE RESIDUES AND AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS
tion. Efforts will be made to determine the kinetics of herbicide
decomposition and to identify and characterize major degrada-
tion products as well as to isolate the microorganisms responsible
for the degradation process. Initial emphasis will be placed on stu-
dying the degradation of three herbicides: 2,4- dichlorophenox-
yacetic acid (2,4-D), 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-
T), and picloram (Tordon).
PROGRESS: Rates of decomposition of the herbicides
pyrazon and diuron were measured in three different soils. Diuron
was found to be extremely persistent in these soils; only very slight
degradation was observed over an incubation period of 35 weeks.
Significant pyrazon decomposition occurred in these same soils in
less than one month. Evidence was obtained which indicated that
microorganisms play a major role in the decomposition of
pyrazon. In a sterilized soil, the concentration of the herbicide
remained nearly constant over a period of several weeks. With the
same soil under non-sterile conditions, appreciable pyrazon
decomposition was observed. Four different bacterial types iso-
lated from soil by an elective culture technique were found to be
capable of degrading the herbicide in pure culture.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture C.S.R.S.
1.0024, CHLORINATED PESTICIDES IN THE SOIL-
WATER-PLANT SYSTEM AND THEIR MANAGEMENT TO
AVOID POLLUTION
F.G. VIETS, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Soil & Water Cons. Res.
Div., Fort Collins, Colorado 87101 (SWC-024-DFC-6)
OBJECTIVE: Determine the effects of soil type, tempera-
ture, organic matter, pH, aeration, and water content on the per-
sistence, absorption, and movement of chlorinated pesticides in
the soil-water system and on plant growth for the development of
better systems of soil and water management and decontamina-
tion for the Northern Plains.
APPROACH: Chlorinated pesticides are added to natural
and amended soils, clay minerals, and soil organic fractions with
variables of pH, water content and movement, oxygen supply and
other conditions and the absorption, rate of loss, degradation
products, and movement under leaching conditions measured by
chemical techniques. Mechanisms and rates of volatilization and
effects on soil metabolism are measured. Soil and water samples
from experimentally treated plots, watersheds and fields are
analyzed for accumulation and rates of loss of pesticides.
PROGRESS: Evidence obtained to support earlier findings
that adsorption of DDT is strongly influenced by positively
charged particles. DDT which remained in the aqueous phase of
sedimented soil- DDT systems was directly proportional to the
amount of soluble and colloidal soil organic matter which resulted
from sedimented soil. Various phenolic compounds which are
water-soluble components of soil organic matter, significantly in-
creased solution phase DDT when concentrations 0 1 mug of the
phenolic compounds per ml. of water existed. Under aerobic con-
ditions in a lab. study, rate of DDT conversion to DDE was
greater at 50 C. than at 30 C. Soluble iron addition had no effect.
After 140 days, the amount of DDE resulting from DDT degrada-
tion was 7.5 times greater at 50 C. than at 30 C. DDT was con-
verted to DDD in anaerobic soil (submerged). Iron addition had
no effect on the conversion process. After 10 days, about half the
DDT was degraded at 30 C. and about 90% of DDT was degraded
at 50 C. In a field study, no effect of soil mixing or added alfalfa
observed in disappearance of dieldrin, endrin, DDD, and DDT
from the top 8 cm. of soil during 22 weeks of treatment. Under
same conditions, concentration of lindane and heptachlor
decreased with time, and more pesticide was lost from soil receiv-
ing mixing treatment than from nonmixed soil.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - A.R.S. - S.W.C
1.0025, CONTROL OF WEEDS IN AGRONOMIC AND
VEGETABLE CROPS WITH HERBICIDES
E.M. RAHN, Univ. of Delaware, Agricultural Experiment Sta.,
Newark, Delaware 19711 (DEL00011-H)
OBJECTIVE: Evaluate herbicide combinations for control of
nutgrass in corn, tomatoes, peppers, and lima beans. Evaluate
herbicide combinations on soybeans, and cucurbits to widen
spectrum of weed control, to increase margin of crop safety, and
to reduce herbicide residues. Evaluate long term effects of ter-
bacil on asparagus. Study mode-of-action and basis-of-selectivity
of alachlor and possibly other new herbicides. Monitor excessive
persistence of herbicide residues, contamination of surface and
ground water by herbicides, and reduction of nodulation legu-
minous crops by herbicides.
APPROACH: Combinations of herbicides at varying rates
will be used on several crops on soil heavily infested with nut-
grass. Combinations of herbicides at varying rates will be used on
several crops on soil infested with, or seeded to, such persistent
weeds as jimsonweed, velvet-leaf, ragweed, and morningglory. In
mode-of-action studies, entrance of alachlor into root and shoot,
as well as translocation and accumulation will be studied using gas
chromatography and tritium labeled alachlor. Effect on respira-
tion, protein synthesis using tritium labeled leucine, RNA synthe-
sis using tritium labeled uradine will also be studied.
PROGRESS: Control of northern nutgrass in several vegeta-
ble crops was evaluated using two new herbicides, alachlor and
butylate. On potatoes, alachlor, 4 Ib/A, was as effective as the
standard EPTC, 6 Ib/A. On tomatoes and peppers, alachlor, 4
Ib/A was effective on nutgrass but did injure the plants somewhat,
but without yield reduction. Butylate caused crop injury. On
sweet corn, alachlor, 2 Ib/A, and butylate, 3 Ib/A, both controlled
nutgrass but butylate caused some yield reduction. On lima beans,
alachlor, 2 Ib/A, caused some early crop injury but did not reduce
yields. In mode-of-action studies, alachlor, 1 ppm, did not inhibit
uptake of H-leucine by oat coleoptiles, but did cause 65% inhibi-
tion of incorporation of H-leucine into protein and 50% reduction
of respiration. Terbacil, 3/4 Ib/A, provided full season weed con-
trol on established asparagus without affecting yield.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture C.S.R.S.
1.0026, ECONOMIC EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES AND
OTHER WASTES ON NATURAL RESOURCE QUALITY
J. BINIEK, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Natural Resource Econ.
Div., Washington, District of Columbia 20250 (NRE)
OBJECTIVE: Develop economic information and
techniques of analysis for determining national compromises
between production efficiency and adverse monetary and non-
monetary effects arising from deterioration of resources quality.
APPROACH: Formal and informal cooperative relations are
established with other research and action agencies to exchange
information and data. Physical and economic research and infor-
mation is reviewed and analyzed to determine the severity of
specific pollution problems. Conceptual and qualitative studies
are undertaken to improve analytical techniques for appraisal of
adverse impact situations. Alternative pollution control systems
are analyzed with the intent of selecting an optimum control
system for policy decisions. Initial attention is given to adverse ef-
fects from chemical pesticides and animal waste.
PROGRESS: Preliminary investigations of animal waste and
sedimentation problems were continued. A paper was presented
at the Cornell Agricultural Waste Management Conference,
January 10-13, 1969. The paper stressed the role of economics in
merging the alleged conflicting goals of environmental quality
and production efficiency. Contribution was also made to a paper
presented at the Seminar 'Modifying the Soil and Water Environ-
ment for Approaching the Agricultural Potential of the Great
Plains,' March 17-19, 1969 at Kansas State University. The paper
identifies changes in livestock numbers, feedlot size and erosion
as emerging problems of environmental quality.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - E.R.S.
1.0027, NUTRIENT AND WATER INPUTS AND OUTGO
FROM THE ORGANIC AND MINERAL SOILS IN THE
LAKE APOPKA AREA
C.C. HORTENSTINE, Univ. of Florida, Agricultural Experiment
Sta., Gainesville, Florida 32601 (FLA-SL-01468)
OBJECTIVE: Determine the contribution of fertilizers pesti-
cides and soil management practices to eutrophication in Lake
Apopka. Also, to study the hydrologic pathways in the Lake
Apopka watershed as a basis for using the mineral soils as a
disposal area for sewage and citrus processing plant effluent
1-6
-------
1. PESTICIDE RESIDUES AND AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS
APPROACH: Field plots will be established on newly cleared
and on older cultivated muckland, fertilized with varying rates of
mineral fertilizers, and cropped to appropriate vegetable plants.
Plant tissue, soil, and soil solution samples from several soil
depths will be analyzed periodically for plant nutrients. The
movement of plant nutrients through sandy soils into ground
water under selected orange groves will be studied by weekly
sampling and analyses of soil and soil solution. The ability of these
soils to retain applied phosphorus will be determined. Flow pat-
terns of water through the lake will be determined through the use
of fluorescein dye.
PROGRESS: Plots were laid out, fertilized differentially, and
planted to spinach on organic soil which has been under cultiva-
tion for several years; plots were also laid out on newly drained
area and planted to carrots with no fertilization. Soil in the first
category had pH 6.15 and contained 1440 ppm Ca, 1990 ppm
Mg, 39 ppm P, and 530 ppm K. Soil from the newly drained area
had pH 7.0 and contained 2195 ppm Ca, 3565 ppm Mg, 356 ppm
P, and 755 ppm K. Nutrients were extracted with IN NH(4)OAc
at pH 4.8. The high pH and high fertility in the latter case indicate
that this is probably burned over area. Soil samples, from another
section in the same area where the clearing operation is not
completed, were collected for comparison to verify this assump-
tion. These samples have not been analyzed. Soil moisture tubes
were installed in both experimental areas, but no analytical data
are available. The main objective in the current research is to
determine the movement of N and P through the organic soil into
surface water from previously cultivated and newly cultivated
areas. Much of the eutrophication in Lake Apopka is attributed to
farming on organic soils along the lake's shore. There are no valid
research data to verify this assumption. Data collected under this
project will partially serve to prove or disprove the accusation.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - C.S.R.S.
1.0028, MOVEMENT AND ADSORPTION OF PESTICIDES
IN STERILIZED SOIL COLUMNS
K.S. MANSELL, Univ. of Florida, School of Agriculture,
Gainesville, Florida 32601
The objective is to determine the influence of soil and carrier
solution properties on adsorption, dispersion coefficient and rate
of movement of pesticides, detergent surfactants, hydrophobic
surfactants and tritiated water in sterilized soil columns at various
degrees of saturation and flux.
Soils sterilized by gamma radiation will be set up in columns
(10 cm cube, sides enclosed with acrylic plastic) for miscible dis-
placement of tritiated water and radioisotope-tagged pesticides
and surfactants. Inflow and outflow will be through porous fritted-
glass plates in contact with the top and bottom of soil columns.
Filtered gas, under variable pressure, will be admitted through the
sides of the container to establish the desired degrees of unsatura-
tion. A Sigmamotor pump will control flux of solutions having dif-
ferent surface tensions.
A flow cell in connection with a three-channel analyzer for
beta spectrometry will form a liquid radiochromatography system
for the nondestructive detection, analysis and recording of the
radioactive chemicals eluting from the soil column.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - O. Wtr. Res. Rch.
1.0029, NUTRIENT & WATER INPUTS & OUTGO FROM
THE ORGANIC & MINERAL SOILS IN THE LAKE APOPKA
AREA
R.B. FORBES, Central Fla. Agric. Expt. Sta., Sanford, Florida
32771 (FLA-CF-01468)
OBJECTIVE: Determine the effects of pesticides, fertilizers,
crops, water management and climate on the inputs and outgo of
nutrients and pesticides from the soils in the Lake Apopka area;
the hydrologic pathways through Lake Apopka in relation to the
nutrient status of the lake; the effects of using the mineral soils of
the area for disposal of wastes for abating pollution of surface
water.
APPROACH: Field experiments on the muckland adjacent
to Lake Apopka for study of effects of cropping, fertilization and
water management systems; water sampling sites in mineral soils
around lake to determine flow patterns and chemical quality;
tracer studies of flow patterns in Lake Apopka; field plot studies
in use of sewage plant effluent for irrigation of sandy soils.
PROGRESS: Water quality work formerly reported as non-
projected has been expanded and written into a cooperative pro-
ject with Soils and Agricultural Engineering Departments of the
main station. Field experiments to determine the effects of fer-
tilization and management programs on chemical properties of
farm drainage water were begun in the latter part of 1969. Sam-
pling of water in the canals and lake has continued. Little or no
DDT has been found in drainage water since June 1968. Higher
levels of soluble salts, solids and nutrients in the canals were
found over the summer months than during the winter and spring.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - C.S.R.S.
1.0030, THE DISPOSITION OF PESTICIDES IN THE SOIL
J.E. G1DDENS, Univ. of Georgia, Agricultural Experiment Sta.,
Athens, Georgia 30601 (GEO00382)
OBJECTIVE: Determine the distribution of pesticides in
selected soils and their drainage waters using sites to which
known amounts of pesticides have been applied. Determine the
physical, chemical and biological processes, and soil charac-
teristics which are important in the disposition of pesticides in
soils.
APPROACH: By soil perfusion and other techniques, break-
down rate of herbicides as influenced by soil properties and en-
riched microorganisms will be determined. Herbicidal effect upon
rhizosphere organisms and effect of rhizosphere organism on her-
bicides will be determined. Specific root infecting fungi will be in-
oculated into the root zone in presence and absence of herbicides
and their behaviour studied. Herbicidal effects upon soil
processes as nitrification, N- fixation, and S-transformations will
be studied.
PROGRESS: Trifluralin volatilization rate was high from
moist soils but low from dry soils. Application of water to soil at
different bars indicated high trifluralin loss from soil when
moisture approached field capacity. Moisture application prior to
trifluralin application resulted in greater herbicides volatilization
than when herbicide was applied to dry soil then wetted. Further
work continued to show the mitotic effect of trifluralin on plants
but no effect on oxidative phosphorylations.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - C.S.R.S.
1.0031, DISPOSITION OF PESTICIDES IN THE SOIL
R.M. HARRISON, Georgia Agric. Expt. Sta., Griffin, Georgia
30212 (GEO00195)
OBJECTIVE: Determine the distribution of pesticides in
selected soils and their drainage waters, using sites to which
known amounts of pesticides have been applied. Determine the
physical, chemical; and biological processes, and soil charac-
teristics which are important in the disposition of pesticides in
soils.
APPROACH: The distribution of selected pesticides will be
determined by applying them to small, level, fallow, plots located
on undisturbed profiles of differing soils of the Georgia Piedmont.
Plots will be enclosed to retain rain which falls on a given plot and
to prevent pesticide movement from plot to plot. At intervals, the
profiles will be sampled to as much as five feet. Studies will later
be extended to cropped soils. The pesticidal effect on mineraliza-
tion and nitrification in unfertilized samples and in samples fertil-
ized with an ammoniacal source, will be studied in the laboratory.
PROGRESS: Soil samples taken from a two year field study
previously described have been analyzed by gas chromatography
for trifluralin, aldrin, and endrin. No downward profile movement
of the three pesticides below a 6 inch depth was found in the well
drained Cecil soil site and the imperfectly drained Iradell soil.
Trifluralin was previously shown to be absent after 10 months.
Over 50 percent of aldrin and endrin remained in the soil over the
two year period. A major portion of aldrin was degraded into diel-
drin and endrin was partially altered into a compound not
identified. Additional research has not been undertaken as the
project has been terminated. A technical paper on the soil extrac-
tion of trifluralin is being reviewed for publication and a second
paper on the field research is presently being written.
1-7
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1. PESTICIDE RESIDUES AND AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture C.S.R.S.
1.0032, PESTICIDE POLLUTION OF FARMSTEAD
WATER SUPPLIES IN THE SOUTHEAST
M.J. LEWALLEN, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Agricultural En-
gineering Div, Watkinsville, Georgia 30677 (901-032-B606)
OBJECTIVE: Develop methods for excluding or removing
pesticide pollutants from farmstead water supply systems.
APPROACH: Studies will be made of pesticide pollution of
farmstead domestic water supplies and to identify sources and
routes of contamination. The relation of susceptibility of water
supplies to pesticide contamination with susceptibility to other
contaminants such as bacteria or nitrate will be determined. Stu-
dies will be made of well construction techniques to determine
level of protection needed to eliminate pesticide contamination.
Determination will be made of the performance of pesticide
removal equipment, devices and techniques to effect a safe
economical water supply. Investigations will be conducted to out-
line the requirements for a disposal system for waste water col-
lected from the cleaning of application equipment or from the
disposal of excess persistent pesticides.
PROGRESS: Continued investigation of a shallow, bored
well contaminated from a non-leached source with DDT and Tox-
aphene shows little change in contamination level after 3 years'
observation. Pesticide level in the water remains stable (DDT less
than ppb, Toxaphene few ppb) while levels in well sediment
remain in the high ppm range. Level of contaminants in soil sur-
rounding the well is generally lower than was the level during the
previous year. Soil samples taken in increments of 4 inches in-
dicate levels of several ppm in the surface 4 inches while only low
ppb levels are found below 4 inches. Two commercially available
charcoal filters were dependent on the flow rate when evaluated
for the removal of lindane (low ppm range) from water. Removal
efficiency varied from approximately 75 percent at 1 OPM to ap-
proximately 30 percent at 5 GPM. Water from 27 local wells was
sampled for bacterial contamination and nitrate level. Approxi-
mately 30 percent exceeded the permissible nitrate level of 10
ppm NO( 3 )-N. Maximum NO( 3 )-N measured nearly 50 ppm.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture A.R.S. A.D.P
1.0033, PESTICIDES IN SOILS AND WATERS OF THE
SOUTHERN PIEDMONT
A. W. WHITE, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Soil & Water Cons. Res.
Div., WatkinsviUe, Georgia 30677 (SWC-024-BAW-03)
OBJECTIVE: Determine the important pathways of pesti-
cide loss from soils and waters, including the magnitude of losses
by runoff and erosion, volatilization, and decomposition; deter-
mine the mechanisms involved and conditions that influence
pesticide persistence and losses from soils and waters; and
develop methods and field practices for minimizing the polluting
effects of pesticides on soil and water resources.
APPROACH: The extent and mechanism of pesticide losses
from soils and waters by various pathways will be determined in
field and laboratory experiments. Movement of pesticides over
and through the soil will be evaluated under natural and artificial
rainfall conditions. Environmental conditions and soil factors that
influence persistence and loss of pesticides from soils and waters
will be determined. The effect of management systems on soil and
water quality will be evaluated and new systems will be developed
for minimizing the polluting effects of pesticides on soil and water
quality.
PROGRESS: Results from 96-day oven incubation studies
showed that the chlorinated insecticides lindane and dieldrin dis-
appeared from Cecil soil at appreciable rates under warm dry
conditions. The half-life values for 0.5 to 5.0 ppm lindane in dry
Cecil sandy loam at 45 and 65 were 50 and 13 days, respectively.
Under the same conditions dieldrin was approximately ten times
more persistent than lindane. The observed disappearances fol-
lowed first- and second-order rates, and equations were derived
for estimating lindane and dieldrin persistence in soil with time at
45 and 65 . At room temperature no loss of either pesticide was
measured. It appears that a significant part of the lindane and
dieldrin disappearance in warm dry soils observed in these experi-
ments may be due to catalytic degradation Significant degrada-
tion was found at 45 and 65 in the case of lindane as evidenced by
the Appearance of pentachlorocyclohexene, a reported Undue
degradation product. Further evidence of lindane degradation
wJ indicated by the release of significant levels of «•"?"*» «?
warm dry soils and clays. Degradation was retarded by small
amounts of moisture and by organic matter, and was enhanced by
the presence of free ion oxides.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - A.R.S. - S.W.C
1.0034, PESTICIDE MOBILITY AND DEGRADATION IN
SOIL-WATER SYSTEMS .
R E GREEN Univ. of Hawaii, Agricultural Experiment Ma.,
Honolulu, Hawaii 96822 (HAWOO141) .
OBJECTIVE: Identify and characterize the physical-chemi-
cal properties of the pesticide-soil-water system; develop mathe-
matical model(s) which will provide semi-quantitative prediction
of pesticide movement in soil-water systems; measure pesticide
transport through and over soil in the field or in lysimeters.
APPROACH: The kinetics of adsorption-desorption reac-
tions of carboxylic acid herbicides will be studied using selected
soils; a mathematical model will be developed which will describe
the effects of pesticide adsorption, degradation and hydrodynam-
ic dispersion using available input data; movement of picloram
with infiltrating water will be studied under field conditions on the
Molokai soil. . .
PROGRESS: (1) Adsorption isotherms for four s-tnazine
herbicides which are important to Hawaiian agriculture were
measured on four soils having a wide range of organic matter con-
tents and different mineralogies. The relative magnitudes of ad-
sorption were nearly the same on all soils: ametryne, sumatol
(GS-14254), atrazine, simazine. Soil acidity and O.M. content are
both positively related to triazine adsorption. (2) A procedure
was developed to allow determination of the distribution of
triazines between adsorbed and solution phases as hydrolysis
proceeded. Distribution coefficients for atrazine increased
several fold during a 60-day period; this implies decreased mobili-
ty of the residual parent compound. (3) An adsorption method,
consisting of continuous flow equilibration of soil with a pesticide
solution followed by sebsequent displacement with an ap-
propriate organic solvent was developed and tested with two her-
bicides (atrazine and diuron) on four soils. This method provided
high precision on all adsorbents, avoided destruction of ag-
gregates, and was useful in measuring adsorption reversibility.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - C.S.R.S.
1.0035, HERBICIDE EQUILIBRIA OF LATOSOLIC SOIL
R.E. GREEN, Univ. of Hawaii, Agricultural Experiment Sta.,
Honolulu, Hawaii96822 (HAW00127)
OBJECTIVE: Relate the adsorption and desorption of or-
ganic herbicides to the chemical and physical properties of
Hawaiian soil. Determine the importance of microbial degrada-
tion of herbicides. Determine the effect of soil pore-size distribu-
tion and associated soil- water relations on herbicides equilibria in
soils and absorption by plant roots.
APPROACH: Adsorption will be characterized by measure-
ment of herbicide adsorption on soils or soil separates from aque-
ous solution of the herbicide. An attempt will be made to identify
the 'active' fraction of the organic matter or the clay-organic
complex and to measure the partition coefficient of this fraction.
In the field, particular attention will be given to the longevity of
weed control in sugarcane at various rates of s-triazine herbicides.
In the laboratory, C tagged herbicides (primarily s-triazine com-
pounds) will be used to study (a) gross degradation of herbicides,
and the nature of degradation deaminization, in relation to the
availability of energy sources (including plant roots) and water.
PROGRESS: Laboratory studies were continued on the
degradation of atrazine, simazine, ametryne, and GS-14254 on
Kapaa, Molokai, Lualualei, and Kaipoioi soils. The influence of
temperature, adsorption, pH, organic carbon (charcoal)
moisture levels, and soil types were evaluated. Also the role of
molecular structure on degradation was studied Dcor H .• c
atrazine followed the first order kinetics in two soik ,,^a/^°"
0 Lualualei) at 24, 30, and 50 C; only negligible loss waf observed
1-8
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1. PESTICIDE RESIDUES AND AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS
at 10 C. Decrease in pH (pH 8.0,7.0,4.5,3.5, field pH) increased
degradation, but this pH effect differed among soils (Kapaa 0
Kaipoioi 0 Molokai 0 Lualualei) which could be accounted for by
soil organic matter and clay contents that are essential for in-
creased adsorption and consequent hydrolysis. There is clear
evidence that increased adsorption (by increasing the amount of
soil to a uniform amount of herbicide solution) results to higher
degradation of the triazines in soils (Kapaa 0 Lualualei), but this
phenomenon is also limited by pH levels (higher degradation at
pH 3.5 than at pH 8.0). Moisture levels haste atrazine degrada-
tion in Kapaa soil.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - C.S.R.S.
1.0036, POLLUTION EFFECTS ON GROUND WATER
RECHARGE IN HAWAII
L.S. LAV, Univ. of Hawaii, Water Resources Research Ctr.,
Honolulu, Hawaii 96822
Determination of the absorptive and adsorptive capacities of
Hawaii soils and fractured rocks with respect to certain potential
pollutants of the underlying basal ground water bodies, including
sewage constituents and selected pesticides that are applied
through agricultural uses. Determination of quantitative and
qualitative effects of recharge of the basal ground water by non-
potable waters, including quantity and head increases, flow pat-
tern and dispersion, fate and travel of pollutants after reaching
the ground water bodies.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - O. Wtr. Res. Rch.
1.0037, REDUCTION OF HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH
RESIDUES OF INSECTICIDAL CHEMICALS IN THE EN-
VIRONMENT
W.N. BRUCE, Univ. of Illinois, Agricultural Experiment Sta., Vr-
bana, Illinois 61801 (ILLU-12-0317)
OBJECTIVE: Determine physical, biochemical, and biologi-
cal factors influencing occurrence and persistence of insecticidal
chemical residues in soils and agricultural commodities. Identify
fundamental factors influencing magnitude of air and water pollu-
tion by insecticidal chemical residues. Develop basic studies re-
lated to the metabolism and detoxication of insecticida) chemical
residues in animals, plants, soils and water. Identify effects of
residues on ecosystems with emphasis on fish and wildlife. In-
fluence of residues on soil microflora, microfauna, and non-insect
fauna. Develop analytical techniques.
APPROACH: Study persistence, metabolism and detoxica-
tion of insecticide chemical residues in soils, plants, animals and
water and study the effects of toxicant residues on ecosystems in
soils and water.
PROGRESS: Methoxychlor, dieldrin, and furadan residues in
the soil as they relate to the contamination of the aquatic environ-
ment are under investigation. Soil, pond silt, water, algae, and fish
samples have been analyzed at weekly and monthly intervals fol-
lowing treatment of a watershed with these chemicals. Four days
after a treatment with furadan at a rate of 4 Ib. per acre and one
day after a one inch rainfall, furadan was found in the pond water
(.0167 ppm), plankton (2.957 to 4.839 ppm) and suspended silt
and organic matter in one liter of water (2.465 to 3.873 micro-
grams). The analysis of all the fish and water samples has not been
completed. Of special interest in the field experiment was the lack
of reproduction in the Fairfield pond where dieldrin residues in
fish ovaries and eggs were between 0.5 and 1.0 ppm. The water
solubility of methoxychlor is higher than that of DDT. The reac-
tion velocity of dehydrochlorination of methoxychlor (methox-
ychlor yields methoxy-DDE) is slower than that of DDT (DDT
yields DDE) in water. Most of the methoxychlor, as with DDT, is
adsorbed on sediment and silt in the water. However, significant
amounts of methoxy-DDE were found in the water. Trace
amounts of O,P - DDT are found in DDT-treated waters, but O,P -
methoxychlor - DDE was not detected in methoxychlor- treated
waters. Pond water and distilled water gave similar results.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - C.S.R.S.
1.0038, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS OF PESTI-
CIDE USAGE
W.N, BRUCE, Univ. of Illinois, Agricultural Experiment Sta., Ur-
bana, Illinois 61801 (ILLU-12-0323)
OBJECTIVE: Devise and improve sampling, extraction, and
analytical techniques to facilitate quantitation of pesticide
residues and degradation products in soils, plants, and animals.
Conduct a regional study of the interaction of organophosphate
insecticides and triazine herbicides employed for control of corn
pests. Examine the action, persistence, degradation and translo-
cation of selected biocides and their metabolites in plants,
animals, and microorganisms. Describe and evaluate biocide
cycling through the soil and water environments, particularly in
reference to food chains.
APPROACH: Devise and improve sampling, extraction, and
analytical techniques to facilitate quantitation of pesticide
residues and degradation products in soils, plants, and animals.
Conduct a regional study of the interactions of organophosphate
insecticides and triazine herbicides employed for control of corn
pests. Examine the action, persistence, degradation, and translo-
cation of selected biocides and their metabolites in plants,
animals, and microorganisms. Describe and evaluate biocide
cycling through the soil and water environments, particularly in
reference to food chains.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - C.S.R.S.
1.0039, PATTERNS OF PESTICIDE CONTAMINATION
OF WATER
L. CHANDLER, Purdue University, Agricultural Experiment
Sta., Lafayette, Indiana 47907 (IND01480)
OBJECTIVE: Determine interrelationships of pesticides and
soils with respect to water transport and/or deposition. Analyze
the biotic significances of earthworms and stoneflies in mul-
tidimensional quantitative systems.
APPROACH: Class-representative insecticides will be ap-
plied at several concentrations to columns of soils. Water will be
percolated through each and analyzed by gas liquid chromatog-
raphy. Columns will be analyzed to determine depositions. Large-
scale simulation will be conducted to establish significance of
lateral movements. Baseline data will be obtained by studies of
stoneflies and earthworms at stream and floodplain sites and in
the laboratory. Methods of quantitative ecological analyses will
be developed.
PROGRESS: Species of winter stoneflies (Allocapnia spp.)
were studied to determine: the factors related to coexistence; the
basic life histories of our common species; the value of species as
ecological indicators of stream conditions; and the major mortali-
ty factors. Preliminary results were obtained for all objectives as
follows: competition among species is reduced by differences in
seasonal development of the immatures and/or substrate
preferences; development from eclosion to emergence is ex-
tremely rapid, the greatest period of time being spent in the egg
stage (8-11 months); species are good indicators of certain
specific factors but should not be used in the generalized sense of
indicators; and silting and catastrophic flooding are the two most
important mortality factors. Population predictions can be made
on the basis of current speed as related to gravel-sand substrate.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - C.S.R.S.
1.0040, REDUCTION OF PESTICIDE RESIDUE HAZARDS
J. FAHEY, Purdue University, Agricultural Experiment Sta.,
Lafayette, Indiana 47907 (INDO1533)
OBJECTIVE: Determine the fundamental physical,
biochemical, and biological factors influencing occurrence, mag-
nitude, interaction, and persistence of insecticidal chemical
residues in soils, water air and raw agricultural commodities.
APPROACH: The effect of cultural practices on distribution
and persistence of residues will be studied. This will include the
effects of environmental factors such as temperature, relative hu-
midity, and pH. The mechanism of translocation will be deter-
mined in greenhouse tests or growth chambers.
1-9
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1.0042, CHARACTERIZATION OF SURFACES OF
CRYSTALLINE AND AMORPHOUS SOIL COLLOIDS
J.L. WHITE, Purdue University. Agricultural Experiment Sta.,
Lafayette, Indiana 47907 (IND01224)
OBJECTIVE: Characterize the surfaces of colloidal crystal-
line and amorphous soil materials.
APPROACH: Infrared and x-ray diffraction techniques will
be used to identify crystalline colloids and relate surface proper-
ties to structure and chemical composition. The presence, extent
and nature of the reactive surfaces of amorphous colloids will be
studied by infrared measurements of water and ammonia absorp-
tion, and measurement of rate of fluoride complexation of reac-
tive aluminum at surfaces with a fluoride specific ion electrode.
PROGRESS: Infrared studies of hydrogen bonding in clay-
adsorbed water in hydronium-saturated micaceous clays have
1. PESTICIDE RESIDUES AND AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS
PROGRESS: Investigations of Gardona & Azodrin were con-
ducted to determine practicality of using these chemicals to con-
trol insect pests to develop data that could be used to obtain
tolerances and labels for their use. At recommended dosages the
Gardona residues on raw vegetables and fruit varied from 1.2 to
19 ppm. Canning process removed from 97 to 100^ of Gardona
residues from vegetables, pears and peaches. Except with cher-
ries, the Gardona residue found in canned fruit and vegetables
was less than 0.1 ppm. Canned cherries contained 0.2 to 0.8 ppm
of Gardona. In the study of Azodrin residues in green beans and
tomatoes, 1.6 to 7.3 ppm of Azodrin on raw vegetables and . I to
.3 ppm of Azodrin was in canned products. Methods for the study
of DDT residues in mint hay and mint oil were developed. Sam-
ples of mint hay analyzed for phygon residues contained less than
0.1 ppm. 0.05 to 0.1 ppm of chlorinated hydrocarbon residues in
swine permitted to forage in corn stover or soil that had been
treated for corn root pests. Methods for study of Gardona and
Ronnel residues in manure were developed.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture C.S.R.S.
1.0041, EFFECT OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES AND OTHER
ORGANO-TOX1CANTS ON THE QUALITY OF SURFACE
AND GROUNDWATER RESOURCES
E.J. MONKE. Purdue University, School of Agriculture,
Lafayette, Indiana 47907
Laboratory experiments will be utilized to study sorption
mechanisms of the organo-toxicant materials to mineral and or-
ganic fractions in the soil and the movement of these substances
through soil profiles. Incubation studies using enrichment culture
techniques will be used to isolate microorganisms capable of
decomposing those materials which offer the greatest water pollu-
tion hazards. Special studies will be made to determine relation-
ships between molecular structure and decomposability of
specific toxic substances to determine the feasibility of altering
molecular structures. The feasibility of treating reservoirs with
special adsorbing or chelating materials in order to flocculate,
precipitate, or otherwise deactivate the organo- toxicant materi-
als or their residual decomposition products will be studied using
radiological tracer techniques with model filters. Accompanying
biological experiments with similar organotoxicant materials will
be conducted in laboratory aquaria to determine the effects of
different concentrations and synergisms.
Field studies will be conducted on well characterized, con-
trolled watersheds and associated reservoirs to determine the ef-
fects of application practices on pollution hazards. The rate of the
applied organo-toxicant materials both on the watershed and sub-
sequently in the small reservoir will be determined possibly using
radioisotope tracer techniques. Attention will be given to the
development of ready means of detecting the toxic substances or
its residue in water storages. Both aquatic and terrestrial indicator
organisms will be used to assess the movement and concentration
of the organo-toxicant. soil-borne organo toxicant, or organo-tox-
icant residue on the watershed and in associated small reservoirs.
Samples of water, bottom muds and watershed soils will be sub-
jected to chemical, biological and physical analyses during pre-
treatment. treatment, and post-treatment periods for possible or-
gano-toxicant residue and pertinent fauna.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - O. Wtr. Res. Rch.
watfr structure n the interlayer region of verrmcuhte has been
deve oped Degradation of 12 s-triazine herbicides by montmonl-
lonWc soil clays under natural conditions has been demonstrated
bv infrared spectroscopy. Highly acidic environment of the clay
surface was shown to cause degradation by protonat.on and
chemical hydrolysis. The degraded herbicide is held t.ghtly by the
soi! colloid so that it is unlikely to enter the ground water to any
significant extent.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture C.S.R.S.
1.0043, INSECTICIDAL CHEMICALS IN THE ENVIRON-
MENT ,
P A. DAHM, Iowa State University, Agricultural Experiment Sta.,
Ames, /m.o50010(IOW01686)
OBJECTIVE: Determine the fundamental physical,
biochemical, and biological factors influencing occurrence, mag-
nitude, interaction, and persistence of insecticidal chemical
residues in soils and raw agricultural commodities. Develop basic
studies related to the metabolism and detoxication of insecticidal
chemical residues in animals, plants, soils, and water. Seek
methods of removing or reducing residues of insecticidal chemi-
cals from the environment. Develop and improve analytical
techniques essential to the pursuit of this research.
APPROACH: Greatest emphasis will be placed on objective
2, by studying the metabolism of organophosphorus, carbamate,
and chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides in animals, plants, soils,
and water. Differences between closely and distantly related spe-
cies of animals and plants will be investigated as well as intra-
specific factors such as age, physiological conditions, and en-
vironmental influences. The interaction of insecticides with other
synthetic chemicals in our environment will also be explored.
PROGRESS: Two nitrogen-fixing soil microorganisms,
Rhizobium japonicum and R. meliloti, were incubated with
parathion in a phosphate buffer. Time course studies showed that
parathion was rapidly metabolized in about 25 hours. Gas-liquid
chromatography, thin-layer chromatography, and colorimetric
analyses showed that reduction of parathion to aminoparathion
was the major metabolic pathway. Aqueous fractions of S-
parathion provided evidence that parathion was also being
metabolized to 0,0-diethyl phosphorothioic acid. An oxidative en-
zyme system was evidently lacking since no paraoxon was found.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - C.S.R.S.
IB. SURFACE WATERS
1.0044, MOVEMENT OF HERBICIDES IN SOIL BY MASS
FLOW
H.P. JOHNSON, Iowa State University, School of Engineering,
Ames, lowaSQOlQ
The research will define what factors are dominant in the
movement of herbicides by mass flow.
The primary objectives of the proposed research are (1) to
define the factors that are dominant in the movement of selected
herbicides in soil by mass flow under unsaturated conditions, (2)
to determine whether mass flow is the major process by which
selected classes of herbicides move in the soil, (3) to develop a
mathematical model to describe the movement of herbicides in
soil by mass flow, for the boundary and initial conditions used in
the experiment, (4) to investigate the possibility of regulating the
movement of herbicides by manipulating the soil variables that af
feet movement by mass flow.
The variables, soil moisture and temperature soil tvne «iil
structure and the chemical properties of the herbicide will h-'«,
died in mass flow experiments under unsaturated conditi, Th
research proposed in this study will give scientist ^°"dltlons- The
better understanding of herbicide movement in so'?- .englneers a
of value in controlling some of the factors resntwJiKi* may be
cide residues. esP«nsible for herbi-
1-10
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1. PESTICIDE RESIDUES AND AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - O. Wtr. Res. Rch.
1.0045, PROPERTIES OF TILE DRAINAGE WATER
T.L. WILLRICH, Iowa State University, Agricultural Experiment
Sta., Ames, Iowa 50010 (IOW01655)
Progress: Grab samples were collected only twice from the
outlets of ten tile drainage systems during the spring and summer
months because precipitation amounts and frequency of occur-
rences were not sufficient to cause tile flow except for short time
intervals. The samples were analyzed for total nitrogen,
phosphorus, potassium, total hardness, total alkalinity, sulfate and
chlorinated hydrocarbon residual concentrations in addition to
temperature, pH and specific conductance. Because of the
limited number of samplings, quantitative values obtained during
this year will be reported in the terminal report along with values
obtained during the previous three years of investigation.
SUPPORTED BY Iowa State Government - Des Moines
1.0046, REDUCTION OF RESIDUES OF INSECTICIDAL
CHEMICALS IN THE ENVIRONMENT
T.L. HOPKINS, Kansas State University, Agricultural Experi-
ment Sta., Manhattan, Kansas 66502 (KAN00481)
OBJECTIVE: Determine fundamental physical, biochemical,
and biological factors influencing occurrence, magnitude, in-
teraction, and persistence of insecticidal chemical residues in
soils and raw agricultural commodities; evaluate factors influenc-
ing the magnitude and mechanism of air and water pollution;
develop studies related to the metabolism and detoxication of in-
secticidal chemical residues in animals, plants, soils and water;
evaluate effects of residues of insecticidal chemicals on
ecosystems on fish and wildlife; develop analytical techniques.
APPROACH: Degradation and metabolism of or-
ganophosphorus insecticides studied with environmental effects
of solar radiation, temperature, and humidity. Field studies are in
progress.
PROGRESS: The disappearance and residues of several or-
ganic insecticides applied to soil and corn have been studied for
the fourth consecutive year in the Cedar Bluff Irrigation District.
Diazinon and parathion soil treatments disappeared rapidly but
heptachlor, aldrin and their epoxides persisted in slowly decreas-
ing amounts after soil application and small residues were de-
tected from the 1967 treatments. Corn plant samples taken from
plots treated with foliar sprays of diazinon, methyl parathion and
endrin showed organophosphorus residues to be very low after
one month and moderate endrin residues. Wild mice trapped in
the area contained small dieldrin residues. Fish collected from
various river sites showed only small DDE residues. A
microcolumn cleanup method has been extended to include addi-
tional pesticides and modified to handle larger samples.
Photodegradation studies with five organophosphorus insecti-
cides applied to glass and leaf surfaces both under field and
laboratory conditions reveal step-wise reactions of oxidation,
isomerization and hydrolysis induced by various wavelengths of
radiation.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - C.S.R.S.
1.0047, REMOVAL OF CONTAMINANTS FROM RURAL
WATER SUPPLIES
C.T. HAAN, Univ. of Kentucky, Agricultural Experiment Sta.,
Lexington, Kentucky 40506 (KY00114)
OBJECTIVE: Determine extent and state in which pesticides
occur in farm water supplies; evaluate effectiveness of presently
recommended farmstead treatment systems in removing pesticide
residues; investigate possible application of new techniques and
system arrangements to remove pesticide residues from rural
water supplies.
APPROACH: Selected farm water supplies will be tested
using standard chemical analysis techniques to ascertain the
degree of pesticide contamination in these locations. Results will
be correlated to the pesticide history of the watershed. The effec-
tiveness of conventional rural water treatment and filtering
methods in removing different pesticides will be studied. New or
potential methods of removing pesticide residues from water sup-
plies will be studied and evaluated for possible application on the
farmstead.
PROGRESS: Twelve fallow plots 3.81 feet square were
treated with Aldrin, Dieldrin, and DDT. After waiting for various
periods of time (15 minutes, 1 day and 3 days), artificial rainfall
was applied. The runoff water, eroded sediments, and soil remain-
ing on the plots were then analyzed to determine the concentra-
tion of the three pesticides. At this time the data analysis is in-
complete.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - C.S.R.S.
1.0048, INACTTVATION AND LOSS PESTICIDES FROM
SOIL
R.E. PHILLIPS, Univ. of Kentucky, Agricultural Experiment
Sta., Lexington, Kentucky 40506 (KY00202)
OBJECTIVE: Determine inactivation and loss of pesticides
from soil by retention and release and movement of water
through and over soil for the purpose of identifying primary loss
processes, relating these processes to soil properties, and predict-
ing pesticide persistence.
APPROACH: Both laboratory and field experiments will be
conducted using selected herbicides. Laboratory experiments will
include the measurement of diffusion coefficients of the selected
herbicides in soil and/or pure clays and in bulk water, movement
in soil columns by mass flow of water as influenced by soil water
content, soil type, and pH, and adsorption isotherms. A field ex-
periment will involve the application of four herbicides to each of
four soil-surface conditions; fallow, corn, bluegrass sod, and
killed bluegrass sod. Soil samples will be taken periodically with
depth and analyzed for herbicide concentration; soil water con-
tent with depth will be monitored.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - C.S.R.S.
1.0049, ROW LENGTH, GRADE AND DRAINAGE
REQUIREMENTS OF CROPS
H.T. BARR, Louisiana State University, Agricultural Experiment
Sta., Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803 (LABO1408)
OBJECTIVE: Determine slope of land in connection with
length of row for adequate drainage for various soils and crops
grown in Louisiana.
APPROACH: Land will be graded to provide various
gradients and lengths of rows. Crops will be planted and amounts
of water flow will be measured at ends of fields. Work in coopera-
tion with ARS Soil and Water Conservation Service, Line projects
SWC6-b2andSWC6-bl.
PROGRESS: LA-23: Row Length Versus Grade Study, LSU
Ben Hur Farm, using 32 plots totaling 88 acres, where 4 grades
and 4 row lengths are under study. Six years of data have been
analyzed and a prediction equation for runoff is being developed.
LA-28: Fate of Applied Pesticide Study, LSU Ben Hur Farm.
Three years' data on the disposition of endrin applied to 12 plots
have been analyzed with regard to persistence, degradation,
volatilization and contamination of runoff. LA-29, LA-30:
Drainage Requirements of Crops, LSU Ben Hur Farm. Three
years' data from a study of sugarcane yield as affected by 4 water
table depths and two flooding treatments are being analyzed. LA-
34: Nitrogen- Sulfur Ratios in Sugar Cane, LSU Ben Hur Farm.
The effect of various N/S ratios on sucrose production has been
studied for three years. LA- 35: Irrigation of Sugarcane, LSU Ben
Hur Farm. The effect of two irrigation methods on the yield of su-
garcane is being studied.
SUPPORTED BY Louisiana State Government - Baton Rouge
1.0050, WATER AND SOIL POLLUTION BY FARM
CHEMICALS IN THE LOWER MISSISSIPPI DELTA
G.H. WILLIS, Louisiana State University, U.S.D.A. Soil & Wa.
Cons. Div., Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803 (SWC-024-BBR-3)
OBJECTIVE: Determine the mechanism for and extent of
movement of pesticides, plant nutrients and other pollutants over
and through the soil in drainage water and develop methods for
alleviating the effects of pollutants on water and soil resources.
APPROACH: Extent and mechanism of movement of pollu-
tants in surface and subsurface drainage water will be measured in
the laboratory and on field plots. Measurement systems will be
developed for enhancing chemical or biological degradation and
1-11
465-868 O - 72 - 2
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1. PESTICIDE RESIDUES AND AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS
immobilization, and disposal of the polluting materials in soil and
water.
PROGRESS: Where endrin was applied to sugar cane for
borer control on very dry Mhoon clay loam at Baton Rouge, Loui-
siana, the concentration in surface drainage water was 1.06 and
0.46 ppb when rain followed the application in 24 and 72 hours,
respectively. Concentrations in tile effluent of 0.45 and 0.07 ppb
from rains 24 to 72 hours after rain were attributed to the flow of
water through cracks in the soil instead of by true percolation to
the tile. Endrin found in the soil 6 months after application was 65
and 24 ppb, respectively, where rains came 24 and 72 hours after
application. This difference probably was due to the loss by
volatilization of the pesticide with the variation in exposure to
temperature and other weather phenomena before rain fell. All
these results confirm similar findings in 1967 and 1968, and sug-
gest that pesticide content of soil and water will be lessened if the
material is applied as long as possible before rain occurs. A
method was developed at Baton Rouge, Louisiana for detecting
losses by volatilization of pesticides applied to the soil. Prelimina-
ry results of studies underway indicate that flooding the soil re-
tarded the volatilization of DDT and DDD, suggesting that this
treatment might be used to reduce the atmospheric pollution
potential of a pesticide-treated soil.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - A.R.S. S.W.C
1.0051, CHEMICAL CONTAMINANTS IN SOIL AND
WATER RUNOFF IN NEW ENGLAND
E. EPSTEIN, Univ. of Maine, U.S.D.A. Soil & Wa. Cons. Div.,
Orono, Maine 04473 (SWC-024-AOR-3)
OBJECTIVE: Determine amounts of agricultural chemicals
carried in runoff and erosion; determine persistence of agricul-
tural chemicals and leaching losses under intensive cultivation.
APPROACH: Erosion plots at Presque Isle in continuous
potatoes and in a 3 year rotation of potatoes, sugarbeets, and peas
are treated with the fungicides, herbicides, and insecticides cur-
rently recommended by the Maine Agricultural Experiment Sta-
tion. Runoff and sediment samples are collected and analyzed
after each storm. Soil surface samples are obtained before and
after each chemical applicaiton. Soil profile samples are collected
and analyzed periodically.
PROGRESS: It is important to know the mechanism by
which pesticides move from treated agricultural soils. A laborato-
ry experiment was conducted in which Caribou and Marshall silt
loams were treated with DDT, methoxychlor and endosulfan.
These soils were then fractionated into selected particle size
ranges and insecticide in each size range was determined. For
both soils, the greatest concentrations were found in the clay frac-
tion and within this fraction the highest concentrations were in
the 0.08 to 0.5 Mu size. The lowest concentrations were found in
sand fraction.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture A.R.S. S.W.C
1.0052, PESTICIDE POLLUTION OF FARMSTEAD
WATER SUPPLIES IN THE NORTHEAST
E.R. JONES, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Agricultural Engin. Res.
Div., Beltsville, Maryland 20705 (901-032-B605)
OBJECTIVE: Develop methods for preventing pesticide con-
tamination of farmstead water supply systems.
APPROACH: Determine design characteristics for farm-
stead water well construction which will reduce the possibility of
pesticide contamination. These studies will include investigations
of selected cases of pesticide contamination to learn means of
entry, concentration and persistence of contamination. Develop
equipment and/or procedures to eliminate or reduce the risk of
pesticides entering the system by backsiphonage or cross-connec-
tions. Develop methods and techniques for using, handling and
storing of pesticides which will eliminate the threat of contamina-
tion of the water system. This will include studies of the pesticide
equipment servicing area where filling, overflow, spillage,
leakage, drainage and washing practices may influence the in-
cidence of pesticide contamination.
taken of sediment and
lunou .« .™™- — - ...mil/™ were sediment dry weight
supernate. The results of anaiysl* Q Q5 pb DDT. The
1000.0 ppb sulfur, 40.0 ppb &%"*%£%,* wa?er sample ob-
concentration in the supernate_was* ^ ^^ rf D[)T jn ^
tained 42 days earlier O04 PP?^ t v^ues for surface water.
™m ^ITt'l0^in water for the air water interface and
ation make it quite certain that the major
of chlorinated hydrocarbons below the
irotected wells. Concentrations found
-e normally less than that reported
for rain water Research well WAI OB was constructed 113 feet
south of Washington County, Maryland sample well WA10A. The
technique used, if further developed and adopted, may reduce the
cost of the cased portion of the well 50%. Present coste encourage
inadequate depth of casing and grouting. Well WA 1 OB produces
water of more uniform quality than well WA 1OA. Collecting sam-
ples after heavy rainfall in Wicomico County resulted in an in-
crease of confirmed pesticide concentrations.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - A.R.S. - A.D.P
1.0053, BEHAVIOR OF PESTICIDES AND POLLUTANTS
IN SOIL, WATER, AND PLANTS
A.W. TAYLOR, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Soil & Water Cons.
Res. Div., Beltsville, Maryland20705 (SWCW8-AB-7)
OBJECTIVE: Study factors affecting accumulation, move-
ment, and persistence of pesticides and pollutants in soil and
water and their uptake by plants.
APPROACH: Laboratory, greenhouse, and field experi-
ments will be conducted on the chemistry and microbiology of
chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides, selected herbicides, and
the heavy-metal pollutants in soils and water. Analytical methods
will be developed for determining these compounds in soil, water,
and plants. Greenhouse and field experiments will be conducted
to evaluate the accumulation, movement, and persistence of
selected chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides and certain metal
pollutants in soils and water and the accumulation of thess com-
pounds in the plants.
PROGRESS: Three years' measurement of dieldrin concen-
trations in storm-runoff water from small agricultural watersheds
show concentrations decrease steadily to about 30% of their ini-
tial values by the third year. No dieldrin was found in a stream
draining the general area that contains the treated plots. Field stu-
dies on aerial movement of dieldrin indicate that volatilization is
the main pathway by which dieldrin leaves the soil. Compounds
derived from alfalfa distillates accelerated the anaerobic decom-
position of DDT in soil. Studies show the adsorption of amitrole
and prometone on montmorillonite and soil organic matter is de-
pendent on the surface proton supply. Bromegrass takes up Cd
more readily than Pb, or Zn. Plant uptake of Pb increases very
slowly with increasing Pb content of the soil, but is sensitive to pH
changes. Studies on phosphate and nitrate losses in water draining
woodland and agricultural areas have been initiated. Preliminary
data show small but measurable amounts from both sources.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - A.R.S. S.W.C
1.0054, CONTROL OF PESTICIDES IN SOIL AND
WATER
A.W. TAYLOR, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Soil & Water Cons.
Kes. Div., Beltsville, Maryland 20705 (SWC-024-AB-3)
OBJECTIVE: Study factors affecting accumulation, move-
WA10A contained dead insects, macerated straw, and a greasy
substance. By error these were discarded. The sediment was al-
APPROACH: Laboratory greenhouse and field experiments
hvd™ KCt °" "^ chemistry and microbiology of chlorinated
and S,? msectlcldef, and se'e<*ed herbicides. Greenhouse
fatfon mZ ,mS "„'" be conducted <° evaluate the accumu-
hvdro T°Vement and Persistence of selected chlorinated
la'tion »•££££££?- * and Watef ^ ^ aCCUmU-
chemistry r" -• • •
deveTpCe1wr^
1-12
-------
1. PESTICIDE RESIDUES AND AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS
PROGRESS: Field studies demonstrated that volatilization is
the principal pathway by which dieldrin and heptachlor are lost
from soil to the general environment. The concentrations of the
insecticides in corn leaves exposed to the vapors are in the order
of 1 ppm, while the concentrations in the kernels remains less
than 0.02 ppm. The total amount of pesticide in the plant is about
1 gram per acre. Dieldrin remains stable on the leaves, but most
of the heptachlor is degraded to heptachlor epoxide. Laboratory
studies have confirmed the existence of natural compounds in
green plant tissues that may be mistaken for dieldrin in routine
chemical analyses. Procedures for overcoming the analytical dif-
ficulties when these compounds are present have been developed.
Research on analytical methodology needed for the identification
and determination of pesticides in the environment is continuing.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - A.R.S. S.W.C
1.0055, PERSISTENCE, ACCUMULATION AND FATE OF
PESTICIDES IN CRANBERRY SOILS AND RESERVOIRS
KM. DEUBERT, Univ. of Massachusetts, Agricultural Experi-
ment Sta., Amherst, Massachusetts 01002 (MAS00251)
OBJECTIVE: Study of pesticides in relation to accumulation
and persistence, movement to water, final destination and con-
centration of pesticide chemicals used on cranberry bogs.
APPROACH: Investigations on the chlorinated hydrocar-
bons, similar studies on organic phosphates. Soil samples at vary-
ing depths taken in cranberry bogs, ditches and reservoirs.
Perennial vegetation, algae and water animals will be collected
and analyzed.
PROGRESS: Work on this project had been interrupted for
several months in consequence of personnel changes. The dis-
tribution of dieldrin and DDT (detected as p,p -DDT) in soil was
closely studied using both gas-liquid-chromatography and thin-
layer chromatography. Approximately 75% of dieldrin residues
and 85-90% of DDT residues in the 1-4 inch layer of soil are
present in the top two inches. Leaching experiments showed that
over 0.4% of dieldrin residues in soil (containing 2.3 ppm of diel-
drin) can be removed with water corresponding to 10 inches per-
colated through two inches of soil. Dieldrin and DDT residues in
drainage ditches and canals were generally higher (0.4-0.7 ppm)
than in 1965 (0.092 ppm). The field experiment with parathion
reported last year was repeated. Amounts of residues detected in
drainage water were slightly lower than the amounts detected the
year before.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - C.S.R.S.
1.0056, TRANSLOCATION OF PESTICIDES FROM
CRANBERRY BOGS TO THEIR SURROUNDINGS
K.H. DEUBERT, Univ. of Massachusetts, Agricultural Experi-
ment Sta., Amherst, Massachusetts 01002 (MA300293)
OBJECTIVE: Determine translocation of pesticides from
cranberry bogs and relationship of organic matter.
APPROACH: Actual bog conditions will be studied and
simulated in the laboratory. Interaction of pesticides and organic
colloids will be determined. Determinations will be made of ca-
tion exchange capacity, pesticide residues, exchangeable bases
and carbon content of soil.
PROGRESS: Monitoring studies on dieldrin and DDT in bog
soil and drainage canals were continued. Most important result:
ratio of translocation of DDT on a cranberry bog-2 ppm about
120 feet in 12 years. Correlection between pesticide residues and
cation-exchange capacity, total exchangeable bases, exchangea-
ble Ca , K , Na and base saturation are caused by the correlation
between amounts of pesticide residues and organic matter in the
soil. Pesticide residues (dieldrin and DDT) in flood water were
about 10% above the residue levels in fresh water used for flood-
ing. Copper of copper sulfate applied at a rate of 4 Ibs./acre/foot
water disappears from flood water from about 0.6 ppm Cu (dou-
ble dosage) to 0.02 ppm Cu and less within 10 days.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - C.S.R.S.
1.0057, RELATIONSHIP OF PESTICIDES IN SOIL,
WATER AND PLANTS
G.E. GVYER, Michigan State University, Graduate School, East
Lansing, Michigan 48823
The movement, degradation, and concentration of pesticides
in the soil ecosystem was investigated. Special attention was
directed to the sorption phenomenon as it relates to clay minerals
and organic matter. Selected pesticides were followed through
the various trophic levels of the soil ecosystem for the purpose of
evaluating possible avenues of pesticide concentration as well as
degradation.
Comparable investigations were associated with the move-
ment, concentration and elimination of pesticides in the aquatic
environment. The physiological and morphological effects of
pesticides on selected aquatic vertebrate and invertebrate organ-
isms was determined. Special attention was directed to the
evaluation of the pollution related stress effects on elec-
trophysiology of selected nerves.
Research was also associated with the absorption and
metabolism of biologically active chemicals by leaf and fruit tis-
sue. Herbicides were investigated to determine their effect on
plant composition. The research with the effects of herbicides on
plant composition has provided a practical means whereby the
protein content of the edible portions of plants may be increased
in developing countries.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Hlth. Ed. & Wei. - C.P.E.H.
1.0058, ANALYSIS OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES
W.A. AUE, Univ. of Missouri, Agricultural Experiment Sta.,
Columbia, Missouri 65201 (MO00574)
OBJECTIVE: Develop an analytical services and research
program for the experiment station for the analysis of pesticide
residues and their metabolites in agricultural products and water.
Develop simplified, rapid, and accurate quantitative gas chro-
matographic methods for the determination of residues of pesti-
cides.
APPROACH: This work will be supplemented with thin layer
chromatography and other instrumental methods of analysis.
PROGRESS: Service Work: Chlorinated hydrocarbons in
soil, tobacco, and water. Several chlorinated hydrocarbons,
thiophosphates, and carbamates in leached soils. Research: A
number of gas chromatographic columns were developed, in
which the liquid phase is chemically bonded to the surface of the
support. These columns show excellent chromatographic
behavior and minimal bleed. They have been successfully used in
the analysis of chlorinated hydrocarbons. The alkali-flame detec-
tor has been modified to allow the analysis of crude soil extracts
for chlorinated hydrocarbon residues without purification. At
present, accuracy and precision of this method are being deter-
mined.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture C.S.R.S.
1.0059, EFFECTS OF INSECTICIDES ON ACTIVITY OF
SOIL INHABITING INSECTS
M.L. FAIRCHILD, Univ. of Missouri, Agricultural Experiment
Sta., Columbia, Missouri65201 (MO00572)
OBJECTIVE: Evaluate effects of various insecticides and
rates and methods of application on the activity of soil inhabiting
insects in corn fields at certain intervals of time following applica-
tions; determine possible lateral or vertical movement of insecti-
cides in soil by measuring biological activity; study the effect of
soil type, moisture content, and organic content on insecticidal
activity through bioassay.
APPROACH: Soil samples will be taken from numerous soil
treatments in corn fields, and the insect activity will be examined.
Samples will be taken at various locations in the soil and at several
intervals following treatment. A screening-flotation technique
will be utilized to remove insects from soil and species and num-
bers will be recorded.
PROGRESS: Plots at Columbia, McBaine, and McCredie
were broadcast- treated with six different insecticides. An infil-
1-13
-------
1. PESTICIDE RESIDUES AND AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS
trometer was used at two locations near McBaine and one loca-
tion near Columbia to simulate rainfall on the plots. Soil and
water run-off samples were collected from each plot for analysis.
The plots at McCredie were used to collect water run-off from
natural rainfall. Soil samples were bioassayed and the water run-
off samples were analyzed by gas chromatography. Other plots
near Rock Port and Tarkio were used to compare insecticide
sprays, granular formulations, band width, incorporation
methods, layby treatments and dates of application. Soil samples
were collected at 14- day intervals. The samples were three inches
in depth and three inches in diameter taken from the center of
each row. Homogenized samples from each entry were bioas-
sayed. A total of 247 samples were tested. Methods of mass rear-
ing of the black cutworm are being developed for bioassay of soil
insecticide activity. Methods of eliminating or reducing incidence
of disease and cannibalism are being studied. Studies on effect of
temperature, humidity, diets, and various rearing containers on
larval growth, pupation, and egg production are underway. Excel-
lent results have been achieved through the third generation.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - C.S.R.S.
1.0060, METHODS FOR DISPOSAL OF SPILLED AND
UNUSED PESTICIDES
E.W. LAWLESS, Midwest Research Institute, Kansas City, Mis-
souri 64110 (68-01 -0098)
Description: The purpose of this project is to develop and
compile information describing safe and non-polluting methods
for treating spilled and unused portions of pesticides or other
agricultural chemicals in terms understandable by, and with
equipment available to informed laymen, county agents and
public health officials. Information to be gathered and/or
developed includes the toxicity and hazards of the materials,
detoxification by conversion to innocuous portions, treating of
spills in general and on a layman's property, and proper decon-
tamination of pesticide containers and equipment. The effort will
result in the preparation of a manual which could be furnished to
appropriate officials for distribution of information on specific
pesticides.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Environ. Protect. Agency - O.O.W.P
1.0061, SOILS, PESTICIDES AND THE QUALITY OF
WATER
T.L.LAVY, Univ. of Nebraska, Agricultural Experiment Sta., Lin-
coln, Nebraska 68508 (NEB-12-071)
OBJECTIVE: Identify and characterize the physical-chemi-
cal properties of the pesticide-soil-water system which are per-
tinent to (i) pesticide transport through the soil in infiltrating
water, and (ii) pesticide desorption from eroded soil into surface
waters. Determine the kinetics and degradation mechanism of
picloram and identify the principal degradation products.
APPROACH: The effect of soil properties such as base satu-
ration, soil type, pH, and temperature on the mobility of pesti-
cides in soil columns will be studied. The degree of pesticide ad-
sorption which occurs when various amounts of water are added
to the soil in the columns will be measured by assaying sections of
the column for the pesticide or its degradation product(s).
Nutrient uptake by plants growing in soil-water systems may be
altered by an accumulation of the mobile pesticide around the
plant roots. The degradation rate of picloram and other mobile
pesticides positioned at various soil depths will be evaluated using
chemical and bioassay methods. The use of 14(C) labeled pesti-
cides and liquid scintillation counting will permit the detection of
trace amounts of pesticide. Extent of degradation of the parent
molecule will be assayed using thin layer and gas liquid chromato-
graphic techniques.
PROGRESS: Atrazine was degraded 2 to 3 times faster in
topsoils than in subsoils. Each IOC temperature rise from 15 C to
35 C caused the degradation rate to increase 2 to 3 times. Pesti-
cides will be deactivated more rapidly if they do not move below
the surface six inches. Dissipation of dicamba was greater in
Sharpsburg silty clay loam soil than in lighter textured low organic
matter, Anselmo sandy loam soil. Degradation occurred more
rapidly at 35 C than 15 C. Dicamba was most phytotoxic to corn
seedlings at pH 4. Although dicamba was taken up by both roots
and shoots, root uptake caused greater growth reduction. In
laboratory studies the acid form of amiben was more mobile in
soils than the ester form which was adsorbed more strongly. This
adsorption appears to be closely associated with soil organic
matter. Root uptake was more important than shoot uptake.
Amiben derivatives which were not susceptible to leaching in
laboratory studies provided poor weed control with excessive
rainfall.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - C.S.R.S.
1.0062, PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN ENVIRONMENT AND
EFFECTS ON MARKETING AGRICULTURAL COMMODI-
TIES
B.R. PAYNE, Univ. of Nevada, Agricultural Experiment Sta.,
Reno, Nevada 89507 (NEV00155)
OBJECTIVE: Determine what effect pesticide residues in the
environment (air, water, and soil) have on the marketability of
crops produced in Nevada. Determine if soils in Nevada formerly
treated with DDT and other chlorinated hydrocarbons are at a
safe residue level to permit crops to be grown without contamina-
tion of the crop.
APPROACH: In cooperation with members of the Plant, Soil
and Water Division of the University of Nevada and the County
Extension Agents, a thorough survey will be made in each of
Nevada's major agricultural areas to determine the degree of con-
tamination by pesticide residues of the air, soils and water in areas
that have received heavy applications of chlorinated hydrocarbon
pesticides. Many of these fields may be unsuitable for growing
crops which have a zero tolerance for the chlorinated hydrocar-
bon pesticides; therefore affecting the marketability of Nevada's
export crops. A monitoring of the same soil and water run-off
areas for the substituted pesticides and their metabolites will be
made to see if any future problems will arise as a result of the
switch from the hard pesticides, the chlorinated hydrocarbons,
the less persistent pesticides, the organo phosphates and the car-
bamates.
PROGRESS: In areas of alfalfa seed production, alfalfa hay is
commonly grown for commercial shipment within and out of
state. These areas produce over 3 million dollars annually of alfal-
fa hay. Seed growers use heavy insecticide dosages (usually DDT,
toxaphene and Systox) to obtain good insect control. Drift of
these insecticides to adjoining hay fields could affect the commer-
cial value of hay if residue tolerances are exceeded. Surveys were
made to determine the type of insecticides used in alfalfa seed
areas and the potential dangers to the commercial hay growers.
Drift studies were conducted in several locations and residue data
was collected for DDT and toxaphene. Thirty one samples of al-
falfa were analyzed for DDT and toxaphene. DDT ranged from
0.02 to 2.17 ppm residue on baled alfalfa, and toxaphene ranged
from 0.1 to 4.35 ppm residue on baled alfalfa. A definite residue
problem does exist when DDT and toxaphene are used in fields
adjacent to commercial alfalfa hay fields.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture C.S.R.S.
1.0063, PESTICIDAL RESIDUES OF AGRICULTURAL
CHEMICALS
^',L' S7'JI^-,niv- °f Nevada- Agricultural Experiment Sta., Reno,
Nevada 89507 (NEV00106)
OBJECTIVE: Determine modulations on 'scans' of agricul-
tural products, soil and water resources before contamination by
pesticides. Develop methods for analysis, identification of pesti-
cides, and their metabolites or degradation products Determine
pesticide residues and their degradation products from research
evaluations in various areas of Nevada. «ac-"w
,,n oArPP^°A?H: L°ng- range investigat'°ns to determine build
up of residues from pesticide treatments on previously untreated
soils. Modified analytical methods for Nevada conditions Deter-
minations ot residues and their metabolites will be used to set
limitations of use.
PROGRESS: Twenty tests were conducted where methvl
parathion and GS13005 (phosphate insecticide) were aDDUed a
different rates to the first, second, and third alfalfacro™?n H 7
mine the residue disappearance. Ground equipment loaeler'
15 tests and detailed records were obtained on
1-14
-------
1. PESTICIDE RESIDUES AND AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS
and toxicant used. Five tests consisted of aircraft application
where all operations were monitored. Green alfalfa samples for
residues analyses were collected at zero, 1, 5, 10, and 15 days
after application in several tests and at zero, 1, 3, 7, and 10 days
for other tests. Alfalfa hay samples were collected for all tests by
corings of the bales. Residue results indicate a rather rapid disap-
pearance of methyl parathion and GS13005. Investigations were
initiated to determine the amount of methyl parathion residues on
alfalfa by comparing rehydration of the alfalfa before extraction
procedures versus no rehydration. Rehydration of alfalfa hay
definitely increased the amount of residue detected. Thirteen
paired samples were compared for residues. The average residue
for the method without rehydration was 0.72 ppm compared with
1.76 ppm for rehydration. In the rehydration series of tests,
residues over 1.0 ppm occurred in 10 of the 13 samples. Rates of
methyl parathion were considerably over recommended rates and
the harvesting in several cases was at 10 days after application in-
stead of 15 days. Analyses of alfalfa treated with the herbicides
atrazine, simazine and GS 14254 applied at various rates have
been completed.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - C.S.R.S.
1.0064, FATE OF PESTICIDES
W.A. MACLINN, Rutgers the State University, Agricultural Ex-
periment Sta., New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903 (NJ00901)
Progress: This is a heavily supported interdepartmental
research program involving 8 scientific co-investigators and 12
technicians. The study has involved the reaction of 2 herbicides
and 4 pesticides on exposure to sunlight, water, plants, and soils in
terms of (a) kinetics of the reactions, (b) environmental condi-
tions affecting the reactions, and (c) identification of the inter-
mediate and final oxidation products. At least one family of herbi-
cides containing analine appears to be catalyzed by microbial en-
zymes (peroxidase) to azo compounds. Thin layer and gas chro-
matographic methods were devised for the separation and mea-
surement of residues of diazinon and its possible metabolites.
Photolysis products were produced from mobam, metobromuron,
linuron and monuron. Phototoxicity studies of the phenylurea
photoproducts are in progress. Chemical oxidation of an or-
ganophosphorus compound, parathion, was studied in water. An
intermediate product, Paraoxon, was formed and is considered to
be more toxic than Parathion. A herbicide, diphenamid, was
shown to reduce absorption of mineral nutrients from the soil in
tomato plants. Linuron and chlorobromuron reduced transpira-
tion on a leaf area basis. Degradation of Diazinon and Diazoxon
was found to be a function of pH in water. These products un-
doubtedly have a long residual life in natural waters of a pH of 5.5
to 8.5. The biological oxidation of the herbicide 2,4-D, is tenta-
tively assumed to result in 8CO(2) plus 2H(2) O plus 2HCL. In
activated sludge systems the reaction seems to be of zero order
kinetics. A technique was developed for recovery, separation and
confirmation of four pesticides, their oxygen analogs and their or-
ganic hydrolysis products in aquatic environments.
SUPPORTED BY New Jersey State Government - Trenton
1.0065, SOILS, PESTICIDES AND THE QUALITY OF
WATER
H.E. DREGNE, New Mexico State University, Agricultural Ex-
periment Sta., Las Cruces, New Mexico 88070 (NM00149)
OBJECTIVE: Identify and characterize the physical-chemi-
cal properties of the pesticide-soil-water system which are per-
tinent to pesticide transport through the soil in infiltrating water,
and pesticide desorption from eroded soil into surface waters.
Develop mathematical model(s) which will provide semiquantita-
tive prediction of pesticide movement in soil-water systems based
on input data obtained in objective above. Measure pesticide
transport through and over soil in the field or in lysimeters, using
well characterized initial and boundary conditions.
APPROACH: Determine adsorption, desorption, and move-
ment of 3 herbicides (2,4-D, 2,4,5-T, and picloram) in soils, using
laboratory columns, soil thin-layer plates, bioassay, radiotracers,
and large greenhouse lysimeters.
PROGRESS: 2,4-D is capable of persisting for months in a
water- logged soil. Approximately 40 percent of the 2,4-D applied
to the surface of a slowly permeable (0.3 ml/hour) silly clay loam
was recovered in the leachate after continuous leaching over a
period of ten months. Bioassay tests of the soil after leaching
showed that 2,4-D remained in the soil at phytotoxic levels, using
cucumbers as the test plant. Single factor correlation between
2,4-D movement and soil organic matter level, clay content, car-
bonate content, and pH was poor in six soils from New Mexico
that were tested by soil thin-layer chromatography. The im-
portance of any one soil factors tends to be obscured when other
factors vary simultaneously or at random. Preliminary tests on soil
thin-layer plates indicated that relative solubility of 2,4-D and
2,4,5-T is a good predictor of their movement. It should also be a
good indicator of absorption and desorption by soils.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - C.S.R.S.
1.0066, SOIL AND WATER MANAGEMENT FOR SALINI-
TY CONTROL - PHASE II
P.J. WIERENGA, New Mexico State University, School of
Agriculture, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88001 (C-2165)
Saline soils constitute a large fraction of irrigated soils in the
western United States and in other irrigated areas throughout the
world. The conventional method for controlling soil salinity is to
leach soils by applying large amounts of water. This process is a
costly use of water, and contributes furthermore to salt pollution
of groundwater supplies and to high salt levels in drainage water.
Recent studies indicate that soil profiles may be leached more ef-
ficiently by applying smaller quantities of water.
The proposed study involves use of large, well instrumented
lysimeters to determine the magnitude and nature of soluble salt
movement under unsaturated soil water conditions. During each
of several irrigation treatments continuous measurements will be
made of the soil temperature, the soil-water content, the salt con-
tent, the composition of the soil extract and the concentration
and composition of the leachate. Treatments will consist of ir-
rigating with various quantities of irrigation water differing in salt
concentration and ionic composition. The movement of nitrogen,
phosphorus and pesticides will be studied in homogeneous and
stratified soil profiles. The data obtained from the lysimeters will
be used as input datas for a computer simulation program for pre-
dicting salt movement under unsaturated flow conditions. Com-
parisons will be made between observed and computed rates of
salt movement under various irrigation regimes.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - O. Wtr. Res. Rch.
1.0067, AN EVALUATION OF THE INSECTICIDE 'SEVIN'
AS A WATERSHED POLLUTANT
J. BREZNER, State University of New York, School of Forestry,
Syracuse, New York 12224 (WO 1602)
OBJECTIVE: Provide information upon which to judge the
potential of 'Sevin' as an environmental pollutant in forested
areas.
APPROACH: A study area established on the Shackham
Brook Watershed in central New York encompasses a 'treatment'
and 'control' subwatershed. The treatment area will receive an
aerial application of Sevin; then samples of soil, water, and
aquatic insects will be taken at frequent intervals to be tested for
the presence and concentration of Sevin residues.
PROGRESS: During the first two years of the study, prelimi-
nary surveys were completed and were followed by spraying
operations. Techniques were devised and determined to be
adequate. Tests of water and soil samples showed no residues of
Sevin. Insect populations were negligibly affected.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - F.S.
1.0068, ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY - BIOGEOCHEMI-
CAL CYCLING IN ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS
G.M. WOODWELL, Brookhaven Natl. Lab., Upton, New York
11973(AT(30-2)GEN-16)
The objective is measurement of the total inventory and rates
of flux of nutrient elements through both terrestrial and certain
aquatic ecosystems of Long Island. Studies have included an in-
ventory of DDT residues in a Long Island estuary. One of the
1-15
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1. PESTICIDE RESIDUES AND AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS
principal tools in the measurement of nutrient flux in the forest is
a lysimeter plate, capable of collecting water that would normally
percolate into the water table. Studies with these plates have
shown that a forest has mechanisms for retaining nutrient ele-
ments; these mechanisms break down under irradiation and other
disturbances. Nutrients lost in this way to the water table con-
tribute to the eutrophication of the estuarine bays along the South
Shore of Long Island.
Results: Data are now available on the total inventory of
nutrients in the forest, inputs in precipitation and certain data on
losses of nutrients into the water table.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Atomic Energy Commission
1.0069, INTERACTION OF HERBICIDES AND SOIL
MICROORGANISMS
D.C. TORGESON, B. Thompson Inst. Plant Res., Yonkers, New
YorklOlOl
Description: To isolate and characterize microbial species
for complete or partial herbicide degradation, to characterize in
relatively simple culture media the rates of degradation of this
group of structurally related herbicides, to study the influence of
environmental factors such as clay supplemental substrates, ox-
ygen and pH levels and previous adaptation to structurally similar
compounds, to identify the routes of degradation products, and to
determine if microorganisms capable of rapidly degrading a her-
bicide can be used to decontaminate soil and water.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Environ. Protect. Agency - O.O.W.P.
1.0070, MULTI-DISCIPLINARY RESEARCH IN POLLU-
TION
D.G. BARNES, Saint Andrews Presby. College, Undergraduate
School, Laurinburg, North Carolina 28352
The research consists of two sub-projects: 1. The use of a fast
equilibrating ecosystem technique for the study of effects of water
pollution on microorganisms. Small containers are placed in
water source for two days. These are returned to the lab and
placed in large samples of water from the same source. The moni-
tored organisms are cessile ciliates which can be easily observed
and fate determined with a microscope. Initial use of the
technique has been in association with thermal pollution studies.
Experiments with chemical pollutants are planned. 2. The fate of
persistent insecticides applied to cotton fields in southeastern
North Carolina. Isolated soil bacteria strains will be administered
locally-used insecticides in order to determine the biodecomposi-
tion agent(s). Measurements of volatilization from these soils will
also be made.
SUPPORTED BY Research Corporation New York, N.Y.
1.0071, MOVEMENT OF HERBICIDES OFF, INTO AND
THROUGH SOILS
P.C. KEARNEY, Univ. of North Carolina, Agricultural Experi-
ment Sta., Raleigh, North Carolina 27600 (0710-08-05(0)
OBJECTIVE: Determine the lateral and vertical movement
in soils of known physical, chemical, and mineralogical properties
of several herbicides differing in physical and chemical proper-
ties.
APPROACH: The presence of herbicides in and on soil sur-
faces caused by lateral and vertical movement will be determined
in a well defined watershed with detailed past information on
cropping history, fertilizer treatments, soil physical properties,
climatic conditions, and hydrological data. Herbicides in soil and
water samples will be assayed using appropriate analytical
methods, including colorimetric, spectrophotometric and gas
chromatographic procedures. All data will be subjected to ap-
propriate statistical analyses, and correlated with the soil and cli-
matic data pertaining to the areas receiving herbicide applica-
tions.
PROGRESS: This project was initiated in 1967 to study (a)
movement of picloram, 2,4-D, 2,4,5-T, and dicamba in surface
and ground water and (b) distribution and persistence of the her-
bicides in soil. Water samples collected from flumes at the base of
each watershed during and after rain storms in 1967 contained
2,4-D, but concentrations of picloram and dicamba were below
the lirnits of detection. The highest concentration^of 2£D-"as 28
nnh After the 1969 applications, 2,4,5-T was detected in water
sPamp^aken it theTase of watershed 2 dunng the fim and
second storms. The highest concentration was 48 Ppb. Herbicides
were present in surface runoff water collected at the base of the
0 OS-acre plots. In 1968 concentrations in surface runoff at the
base of the small plots were 1224, 583, and 229 ppb for 2.4-D,
2 4,5-T, and picloram, respectively. Highest concentrations of the
herbicides in surface runoff at the base of the small plots were
found in 1969 when the application rate was 4 Ib/A. Samples
taken after the first storm causing significant runoff contained the
highest concentrations. These were 1882, 681, and 4187 ppb for
2,4-D, 2,4,5-T, and picloram, respectively.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - A.R.S. - C.R.
1.0072, SOIL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND SOIL
WATER MOVEMENT
J.F. LUTZ, Univ. of North Carolina, Agricultural Experiment
Sta., Raleigh, North Carolina 27600 (NC03043)
OBJECTIVE: Determine draw-down patterns of water table
by use of electric analogue. Attempt to measure hydraulic con-
ductivity of undisturbed soil cores and relate it to soil properties.
Study nature and magnitude offerees holding water films on clays
and relate these to hydraulic conductivity.
APPROACH: Further work will be done on the effects of
phosphate on the colloidal-physical-chemical properties of clays
especially on the hydration of the clay studies will be made on a
number of North Carolina soils with emphasis on field capacity
and wilting percentage determination. Soil moisture and bulk
density determinations will be made on soils under a number of
different cultural management and tillage practices to determine
the effects of these different practices upon the properties men-
tioned.
PROGRESS: A. Studies were made on the residual effects of
heavy applications of P on the physical properties of soils. Unfor-
tunately the original check plots (1956-64) were fertilized in
1965 and in 1966, so there is no longer a true check plot. The
heavily-phosphated plots still have about the same good physical
properties as during the 1956-64 period. Fertilizing the original
check plots improved their physical properties, thus eliminating
differences between the 'check' and the high-P plots. The high-P
plots had high total, and available, water- holding capacities, with
the greatest increase being in the loosely held water that would be
more readily available. The increase in water- holding capacity is
caused by an increase in charge of the clay particles, as shown by
work with pure clay minerals. Modulus of rupture of packed
briquets was correlated with the ratio exchangeable-
Ca/exchangeable-Al. B. Soil physical properties that affect
water- holding capacity and water movement in soils have been
determined on many of the major soil series in the State. The
determinations include total porosity, pore-size distribution, bulk
density, and a soil moisture characteristic curve from 0 to 15 bars.
This information will be useful in soil management, particularly
with respect to irrigation, drainage, and leaching of fertilizers,
herbicides, etc. Leaching of the chemicals is important because
the losses reduce their effectiveness, and may cause contamina-
tion of groundwater. This information will serve as a basis for
work currently being done on herbicide and fertilizer losses from
soils.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - C.S.R.S.
1.0073, NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS, HERBICIDE MOVE-
MENT BY SOIL WATER AND SOURCES OF CONTAMINA-
J.F. LUTZ, Univ. of North Carolina, Agricultural Experiment
Sta., Raleigh, North Carolina 27600 (NC03261)
OBJECTIVE: Determine direct contribution of fertilizers to
nitrogen and phosphorus contamination of surface and subsur-
face runoff water from soils as affected by form, time and rate of
fertilizer application crop to which applied, so I properties and
meteorological and hydrological condition. io» P™Pe™es- ?n"
movement of several herbicides in soils^nd h^f*.! *? ™
face and subsurface runoff from soUs of diffe^nt^-'T 'u ™'
cal, and mineralogical properties dlffefent phys.cal, chemi-
1-16
-------
1. PESTICIDE RESIDUES AND AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS
APPROACH: Properly equipped, sealed watersheds will be
treated with recommended rates of N, P, and selected herbicides
and the amount of N, P, and herbicide in the runoff (surface and
subsurface) over the flume determined. Losses of N and P in
drainage water from other areas will be determined by analyzing
water from tile outlets.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - C.S.R.S.
1.0074, EFFECTS OF VEGETATIVE COVERS UPON RU-
NOFF FROM PRINCIPAL SOILS OF WESTERN NORTH
CAROLINA
R.J. MCCRACKEN, Univ. of North Carolina, Agricultural Ex-
periment Sta., Raleigh, North Carolina 27600 (NCOS 158)
OBJECTIVE: Accumulate hydrologic data from watersheds
in the Latin square design for rainfall, runoff, evapotranspiration
and analysis of soil temperatures.
APPROACH: Two waterheds are being held in readiness for
possible studies of pesticide movement in the soil. Interim analysis
of data will continue.
PROGRESS: The vegetative cover sequence was completed
in July, 1968 on the four experimental watersheds in western
North Carolina, as provided in the Latin square statistical design.
(These four covers were improved pasture, heavily grazed
pasture, corn and wheat.) Collection of hydrologic data coopera-
tively with TVA was reduced in scope and intensity with the
completion of the vegetative cover cycle. Collection of soil sam-
ples to evaluate bulk density and porosity changes as a function of
vegetative cover and management continues as a terminal phase.
Main effort is now being concentrated on summarization of the
hydrologic and agronomic data from 18 years of study, prepara-
tion of final reports - including extensive statistical analyses using
computer programs, and collection of terminal data.
SUPPORTED BY North Carolina State Government Raleigh
1.0075, PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN PLANTS, ANIMALS,
SOILS, AND WATER
T.J. SHEETS, Univ. of North Carolina, Agricultural Experiment
Sta., Raleigh, North Carolina 27600 (NC05015)
OBJECTIVE: Perform analytical phases of research jointly
undertaken by the Pesticide Residue Research Laboratory and
cooperating departments on the disappearance of pesticides from
plants, animals, and soils. Cooperate with IR-4 project personnel
to establish tolerances and label clearances for minor uses of
pesticides. Determine movement of selected pesticides in runoff
from cultivated fields and downward into soil profiles and ground
water.
APPROACH: Experimental samples will be collected by per-
sonnel in cooperating departments and samples will be analyzed
for pesticides at different times after application. Residue data on
minor uses of pesticides will be submitted to the IR-4 project
coordinator to assist in developing tolerances. Under Objective 3
selected pesticides will be applied to soils under field conditions,
and samples of soil and surface runoff will be collected periodi-
cally and analyzed for residues.
PROGRESS: An electron-capture gas chromatographic
method was developed for the determination of trifluralin and
daxtron in soil and water. The method will detect as little as 10
ppb in soil and 1 ppb in water. Residues of DDT were determined
on sweet potatoes removed from storage at several times after
dusting for sweetpotato weevil control. Residues on unwashed
potatoes ranged from 0.16 to 9.2 ppm. On washed potatoes the
range was 0.09 to 2.3 ppm. These data were used to support a
request for extension of the 7 ppm tolerance of DDT on sweet
potatoes. Experiments were initiated to study (1) movement of
DDT, toxaphene, and trifluralin in surface washoff from cotton
fields and (2) movement and persistence of the three pesticides in
soil. Preliminary results indicate that 50 percent or more of the
pesticides in washoff from heavily sprayed fields was associated
with suspended particulates that were retained by paper filters.
Concentrations of daxtron in washoff from peanut fields were
greatest during the first two rains after application. Thereafter,
concentrations decreased rapidly to low levels (about 1 ppb).
About 5% of the daxtron applied was found in surface washoff
from a sprayed sandy loam soil over a 5-month period.
SUPPORTED BY North Carolina State Government - Raleigh
1.0076, IN ACTIVATION AND LOSS OF PESTICIDES
FROM SOIL
S.B. WEED, Univ. of North Carolina, Agricultural Experiment
Sta., Raleigh, North Carolina 27600 (NC01062)
OBJECTIVE: Determine mechanisms of inactivation and
loss of pesticides by/from soil colloids by studies of retention and
release; movement of water through soil; non-biological degrada-
tion.
APPROACH: Retention and release of selected pesticides by
reference inorganic and organic adsorbents studied as functions
of adsorbent type, complementary ions and molecules, pH, and
solution composition using adsorption isotherms, column chro-
matography, etc. Analytical techniques include X-ray diffraction,
infrared adsorption, and D.T.A. Movement of pesticides studied
using soil columns and related to soil properties and pesticide
characteristics. NonbiologicaJ degradation of pesticides studied
as a function of adsorbent type, chemical environment, moisture
content, etc. System will be treated for removal of all biological
effects on degradation.
PROGRESS: 1. Diquat adsorbed by montmorillonite is not
herbicidally active until the amount absorbed approaches the clay
CECp. Inorganic cations (K, Cs, Ca, Mg, Ba, Al) do not effective-
ly exchange adsorbed diquat, and presence of these ions in the
growth medium does not increase diquat availability. However,
addition to the growth medium of an organic cation (N-(4-
pyridyl) pyridinium chloride) capable of desorbing diquat from
montmorillonite makes the diquat available to plants. 2.
Malathion adsorbed by montmorillonite saturated with polyvalent
inorganic cations is readily recovered by extracting the aqueous
suspension with CC1(4). Clay saturated with monovalent cations
retained part of the malathion, suggesting that bonding directly to
the cation is less readily broken than a water-bridge bond. 3. CO
and PO groups are actively involved in bonding of or-
ganophosphates to montmorillonite. No evidence was found for
bonding through the PS group. 4. Adsorption of monuron and
fenuron to Ca-monmorillonite decreased but did not prevent their
release to dilute CaCl(2) equilibrating solutions. Monuron was
more readily removed than fenuron. 5. The results suggest that
adsorption via coulombic attraction may inactivate organic herbi-
cide molecules; adsorption via less energetic bonds may at most
decrease the tendency to move. These findings help explain the
fate of pesticides added to soils.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - C.S.R.S.
1.0077, FACTORS INFLUENCING INSECTICIDE
RESIDUES IN FOOD, FORAGE AND OIL CROPS, AND SOIL
M.S. QURAISHI, North Dakota State University, Agricultural
Experiment Sta., Fargo, North Dakota 58103 (ND-H-05-016)
OBJECTIVE: Determine factors influencing magnitude, and
persistance of insecticide residues occurring in food, forage and
oil crops. Determine rate for the disappearance of commonly
used insecticides from soil types. Determine magnitude of move-
ment of selected insecticides and role as possible contaminants of
water sources.
APPROACH: Magnitude of residues of selected insecticides
and metabolites ascertained on potatoes, sugarbeets, oil crops,
grassland range and soil, chemical and biological methods. Fac-
tors influencing magnitude and degradation of residues will be
ascertained. Identification of metabolites will be made and
analytical techniques will be modified or developed.
PROGRESS: Work with Temik residues has been continuing,
and degradation of Temik in soil under laboratory conditions and
in the field has been studied. Leaching of Temik by water from
treated soil and its persistence in water have also been in-
vestigated. The insecticide degrades readily in soil at tempera-
tures between 27-34 C. in 8-10 weeks. It can be easily leached
from soil by water, and is more persistent in water, though sun-
light accelerates its break down. Potatoes and sugar beets treated
with Temik according to recommendations were not found to
contain detectable residues at the time of harvest. Volatilization
1-17
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1. PESTICIDE RESIDUES AND AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS
of chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides from treated surfaces,
and its contribution to environmental pollution was studied. Small
amounts of 2,4-D esters are used for improving the color of
potatoes in the Valley. Residues of PGBE ester were determined
in treated potatoes in cooperation with Dr. Nelson (project H-12-
14). Potatoes treated at 2 and 4 oz. per acre yielded negligible
residues. Residues of DDT were determined in samples of soil col-
lected from areas treated for Mosquito Control. Most of the sam-
ples contained residues in the range of 4-30 ppm. Two samples
contained approximately 1000 ppm. Further investigations are in
progress. An interesting aspect is the finding of DDD in these
samples. Evidently biochemical and chemical reactions favor
conversion of DDT to DDE as well as to DDD.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - C.S.R.S.
1.0078, THE CYCLING OF CL-36 LABELED DDT IN
NATURAL ECOSYSTEMS
T.J. PETERLE, Ohio State University, School of Arts, Columbus,
Ohio 43212 (AT( 11-1))
Prior experience in the use of isotope-labeled pesticides has
demonstrated that this is a useful and economical way for deter-
mining the transfer of these organic compounds in ecosystems.
This project will attempt to determine the transfer of the CI-36
DDT through a terrestrial system. Radioassay procedures will be
used to qualify the level of the insecticide and its metabolites in
the various physical and biological components of the ecosystem.
Since the radioassay procedures will assess only the labeled DDT
applied, total body burdens will reflect only that DDT accumu-
lated from the study area. Some artificial exposures in time and
space will be made to determine rates of accumulation for the
various species present on the treated area.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Atomic Energy Commission
1.0079, FATE OF POLLUTANTS IN GROUND WATER
M.R. SCALF, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Federal Water Quality
Admin., Ada, Oklahoma 74820
Traditionally, it has been and continues to be the practice of
water users in the High Plains area of West Texas and Eastern
New Mexico to recharge aguifers with playa lake water. In doing
so, the aquifer recharged risks contamination by chlorinated
hydrocarbons and nitrates resulting from agricultural practices. It
is of concern that chlorinated hydrocarbons, in particular, adsorb
to aquifer material in the near proximity of the recharge well and
then are released in high concentrations when that well is
pumped. This project is being conducted cooperatively by the
Robert S. Kerr Water Research Center of the Federal Water Pol-
lution Control Administration and the Southwestern Great Plains
Research Center of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. The ex-
periment will be at the latter's installation at Bushland, Texas.
The scope of this project will be to determine the distance
which pollutants travel in a fresh water aquifer under recharge
conditions and the temporal distribution of these concentrations
when that same well is pumped.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - F. Wtr. Qua. Adm.
1.0080, EFFECT OF AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS ON
THE QUALITY OF GROUND AND SURFACE WATERS
R.G. MENZEL, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Agriculture Water
Mgt. Lab., Durant, Oklahoma 74701 (SWC-027-EC-1)
OBJECTIVE: Determine when, under what conditions, and
what extent the use of agricultural chemicals is impairing the
quality of our water resources; develop practices to minimize the
movement of contaminants into ground and surface waters.
APPROACH: Studies will be conducted in laboratories for
the development of principles and concepts which will then be
tested on field plots or small watersheds. Soil and water samples
from treated plots and watersheds will be collected and analyzed
to determine loss of chemicals by runoff. Soil profiles of selected
areas will be sampled and analyzed to assess the effect of past
management practices on the movement of nitrate and other con-
taminants through soil.
PROGRESS: Accomplishments during 1969 were mainly in
research planning, recruitment, and instrumentation or tne
Laboratory^ rather than in technical results. Goals are: < 1 ) a con.
tinuing national evaluation of potential agncu tural soJ and
water pollution problems; (2) establishment of reliable samplmg
and processing methods for field studies on such poUution; and
(3) obtaining field data on movement of agricultural chemicals
through cooperation with various locations of the Soil and Water
Conservation Research Division. Instruments that have been in-
stalled and tested include a radiation analyzer, spectrophotome-
ter, atomic absorption flame photometer, microscopes, and pH
meters. Work has started on the design of a moisture flux meter
which is to be used in studies on movement of agricultural chemi-
cals in ground water.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - A.R.S. - S.W.C
1.0081, BEHAVIOR OF SPECIFIC HERBICIDES IN
PLANTS AND SOILS
P.W. SANTELMANN, Okla. St. Univ., Agricultural Experiment
Sta., Stillwater, Oklahoma 74075 (OKL01324)
OBJECTIVE: Determine the effects of climatic and edaphic
factors on movement, persistence and toxicity of herbicides in the
soil.
APPROACH: Soil characteristics determining the effect of
biological decomposition, absorption, volatilization, and leaching
on the phytotoxicity and persistence of the herbicides in
Southwestern soils will be evaluated. The persistence under field
conditions will be determined on two contrasting representative
soil types used in cotton and grain sorghum production. Dissipa-
tion studies using controlled temperature and humidity cabinets
and the greenhouse will include soil variables of moisture tension,
organic amendments, pH, temperature, and fertility level. Using
basic hydrodynamic and chromatographic models, information
will be provided for describing the mixing of the herbicides in a
soil-water system. Using field sited and controlled methods for al-
tering the soil-water redistribution a relationship between the
volume of water applied and the amount of herbicide moved will
be studied.
PROGRESS: A cooperative regional soil bioassay technique
experiment was developed and evaluated. No one assay evalua-
tion procedure was uniformly best. The influence of CaCl(2) con-
centration on the mobility and adsorption of prometryne and
fluometuron was studied. Calcium saturated loamy fine sand and
loam soils were used. More fluometuron was adsorbed in the
presence of 0.01 N than 0.5 N CaCl(2) in both transient and ad-
sorption isotherm systems. Prometryne adsorption was greater in
the presence of 0.5 N than 0.01 N CaCl(2) in both soils.
Prometryne mobility was retarded, owing to adsorption, in the
presence of 0.5 N CaCl(2). The influence of soil textural stratifi-
cation on the movement of fluometuron was studied. The tex-
turally stratified soil columns showed significant differences in the
relative fluometuron concentration distribution. Not all textural
stratifications gave a difference and the results did not relate to
total porosity differences between the two soils. The greater the
pore size range in the second soil of the stratification the greater
mixing and early arrival of the herbicide in the effluent.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - C.S.R.S.
°F ACTION' TOXICITY, AND FACTORS
. THE EFFECTIVENESS OF FUNGICIDES
M.E. CORDEN, Oregon State University, Agricultural Experi-
ment Sta. , Corvallis, Oregon 9733 1 (ORE00457 )
OBJECTIVE: Decomposition products of fungitoxic chemi-
cals m soil and influence of soil composition, pH, temperature,
moisture and biotic population on the decomposition Accumula-
tion of fungicides and their decomposition products in soUsoU-
water, and plants, and effects of environment factors on accu-
mu ation. Role of spore exudates on solubilization of coooer from
various compounds by fungi that are suscentihi» J, ?tP • u
are relatively resistant" to the toxic effecte'
site of action and effects of selected
ece
anabolic, and biosynthetic processes in funri that ar Catab°^'
and fungi that are relatively resistant 8 ** sus"ptible
1-18
-------
1. PESTICIDE RESIDUES AND AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS
APPROACH: New techniques will be developed to test fun-
gicidal activity of new chemicals. Innate toxicity, penetration of
soil and various plant materials, and residual effectiveness will be
measured. Standard chemical and microbiological assays will be
employed to qualitatively and quantitatively measure fungicide
decomposition in soil, water, and plants. Normal metabolic
pathways in fungi resistant and susceptible to selected fungicides
will be studied by radiorespirometric methods using C -labeled
glucose and other substrates. The influence of selected fungicides
on the enzyme systems in these pathways in intact fungal cells will
be measured to determine the mode of action of the fungicides.
PROGRESS: Continued studies of the metabolism of En-
dothia parasitica have shown that this fungus excretes large
amounts of oxalate that precipitate as calcium oxalate trihydrate
in nutrient-agar culture at the periphexy of the fungal colony.
Mycelial growth of Endothia is greatly retarded when calcium ox-
alate accumulates, but retardation is reversed by relatively high
concentrations of copper and iron salts that prevent accumulation
of calcium oxalate. Eleven other metal cations failed to prevent
formation of calcium oxalate. Interaction of copper and oxalate
ions to form a non-toxic complex accounts for enhanced growth
in the presence of toxic levels of copper and high oxalate concen-
trations. A direct correlation between sulfur content and the
susceptibility of Fusarium oxysporum f. lycopersici to
methylisothiocyanate (MIT) has been discovered. Sulfur defi-
cient spores are highly resistant to MIT, whereas high sulfur levels
in the spores is associated with increased sensitivity to this fungi-
cide.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - C.S.R.S.
1.0083, BEHAVIOR OF CHEMICALS INTRODUCED
INTO THE FOREST ENVIRONMENT AND THEIR IMPACT
ON THE ECOSYSTEM
R.F. TARRANT, Oregon State University, U.S.D.A. Pac. Nw.
Forest Sta., Corvallis, Oregon 97331 (PNW1603)
OBJECTIVE: Elucidate the manner in which chemicals
behave in various parts of the forest environment and their impact
on the biota, in solving problems of environmental pollution con-
nected with forest use of economic chemicals.
APPROACH: Develop information leading to better un-
derstanding of the principles of chemical behavior in the forest
environment; through the use of mathematical models, predict
Che behavior of a given chemical in a given environment; and as-
sess the impact of chemicals on living organisms.
PROGRESS: The systemic insecticide, phorate, persists in a
forest environment for as much as 18 months. Tannin content of
Douglas-fir bark used as a mulch is not harmful to soil microbes.
Tree barks have a number of potential uses in agriculture and are
chemically and physically adaptable to beneficial utilization. Her-
bicide residues in fall runoff from treated lands are greatest when
the chemicals are applied in late summer and the first fall storms
are of high intensity. Relative rates of degradation of phenoxy
herbicides and picloram are not influenced by starting concentra-
tion. Amitrole, 2,4-D, 2,4,5-T, and picloram are degraded in
forest floor material but at markedly different rates. Primary root
elongation is inhibited and abnormal lateral root proliferation is
observed in two-day-old pea seedlings treated with a variety of
herbicides. A soluble cytoplasmic protein associated with zones
of meristematic activity or tissue expansion has been found in
roots of pea seedlings. A method has been developed to isolate
this protein by ammonium sulphate fractionation and preparative
scale gel electrophoresis. No appreciable movement of DDT from
forest floor to mineral soil was observed after aerial application of
the chemical. Picloram herbicide had no significant effect on
microbial activities in three soils of different characteristics.
Nitrogen in avalanche debris has been shown to develop as a
result of nitrogen fixation by Sitka alder.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - F.S.
1.0084, PESTICIDE MOBILITY AND DEGRADATION IN
SOIL-WATER SYSTEMS
y.y. VOLK, Oregon State University, Agricultural Experiment
Sta., Corvallis, Oregon 97331 (ORE00873)
OBJECTIVE: Identify and characterize the physical-chemi-
cal properties of the pesticide-soil-water system which are per-
tinent to (i) pesticide transport through the soil in infiltrating
water, and (ii) pesticide desorption from eroded soil into surface
waters. Develop mathematical model(s) which will provide
semiquantitative prediction of pesticide movement in soil-water
systems based on input data obtained.
APPROACH: Oregon soils with known chemical and physi-
cal properties will be leached with water solutions of 2,4-D, 2,4,5-
T, and picloram. Upon leaching, the movement of the herbicide
will be ascertained through radioisotope assay. As an aid to in-
terpretation of the results of the movement studies, adsorption
and desorption isotherms will be prepared for the same soils and
chemicals. Having obtained the distribution of a chemical
through the soil column as a function of leaching, soil, and chemi-
cal variables, an attempt will be made to relate results to a mathe-
matical model used to predict movement. The relative im-
portance of soil and chemical variables considered in the model
will be adjusted so that chemical movements in a soil profile may
be made.
PROGRESS: The movement and adsorption of 2,4-D acid in
selected Oregon soils were studied as a function of pH, organic
matter, and the presence of acidic cations. A decrease in the
movement and an increase in adsorption of 2,4-D acid could be
induced by the presence of Fe , and Cu cations on the exchange
sites. The reduced 2,4-D mobility was attributed predominantly
to the decreased pH of the soil with acid cation saturation. How-
ever, evidence was observed to indicate the formation of a com-
plex between the 2,4-D and the hydrated Fe, Al, and Cu.
Equilibration of the natural and the Fe, Al, and Cu saturated soils
with 50 ppm of 2,4-D at 25 C for 24 hours showed the 2,4-D ad-
sorption to decrease in the following order: Fe-soils, Al, Cu-soil,
natural Lookout silt soil. Water solubility of the 2,4-D salts of Fe,
Al, and Cu increased from 195 to 354 to 1069 ppm respectively.
The effects of pH and extractable aluminum on the 2,4-D adsorp-
tion appeared to indicate that adsorption was directly associated
with the degree of dissociation of the 2,4-D acid as governed by
the pH of the system.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture C.S.R.S.
1.0085, PESTICIDE MOBILITY AND DEGRADATION IN
SOIL-WATER SYSTEMS
V. y. VOLK, Oregon State University, School of Agriculture, Cor-
vallis, Oregon 97'331
The objectives of the project are to identify and characterize
the physical-chemical properties of the pesticide-soil-water
system which are pertinent to 1) pesticide transport through the
soil in infiltrating water, and 2) pesticide desorption from eroded
soil into surface waters.
Soils have been collected and characterized. Desorption and
adsorption studies have been completed with 2,4-D on several
Oregon soils. Picloram adsorption studies on nine Oregon soils as
a function of surfactant concentration have been complete.
SUPPORTED BY Oregon State Government - Salem
1.0086, CONTROL OF HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL SPILLS
BY PHYSICAL BARRIERS
R. HILTZ, MSA Research Corporation, Evans City, Pennsyl-
vania 16033 (68-01-0100)
Description: The purpose of this project is to develop and
demonstrate methods to confine spills of hazardous materials on
land by use of polyurethane compounds, and low and high expan-
sion foamed inorganics. Selected potential high hazardous materi-
als, including ammonia, chlorine, acrylonitrile, acetonecyan-
hydrin, methyl alcohol, phenol, and an organic mercury solution,
will be used to determine an appropriate compatible foam, struc-
turally stable for creating foam dikes. The methods are to result in
a portable high capacity foaming device which can be deployed
immediately following a spill, handled, for example, as a back-
pack and installed and carried on transporting vehicle.
1-19
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1. PESTICIDE RESIDUES AND AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Environ. Protect. Agency - O.O.W.P. SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - C.S.R.S.
1.0087, PESTICIDE DETOXICATION MECHANISMS OF
MICROORGANISMS IN SOIL AND WATER
J.M. BOLLAG, Penn. State University, Agricultural Experiment
Sta., University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 (PEN01761)
OBJECTIVE: Observe the response of microorganisms in
soil and water to specific pesticides; evaluate microbial activity by
product identification; establish mechanism of detoxication.
APPROACH: Microbes from soil and water will be cultured
and exposed to specific pesticides. Product identification will be
by chromatographic, spectrophotometric and other procedures.
PROGRESS: The decomposition of the pesticide Sevin, 1-
naphthyl N- methylcarbamate, was investigated with several
microbial isolates from soil. Its transformation was followed
periodically by different chemical methods. It could be
established that all the isolated microorganisms hydrolyzed Sevin
to 1-naphthol. A fungus, identified as Fusarium solani,
metabolized 1-naphthol rapidly, whereas one bacteria, a gram
negative coccus, degraded the hydrolysis product gradually and a
third isolate, a gram positive rod, accumulated it. Since 1-
naphthol was identified as a metabolic product, its C-ring labeled
form was added to the growth medium and the disappearance of
radioactivity compared with that of the side-chain labeled C-
Sevin. F. solani decreased the radioactivity of the labeled Sevin
almost completely whereas only 20% of the radiocarbon from 1-
naphthol disappeared, but the remaining radioactive compound
constituted a new product. The bacterial coccus, however, was
active in degrading the radioactivity of the ring labeled 1-
naphthol but a considerable amount of the radiocarbon from the
metabolized Sevin remained in the medium. The mixed culture of
the two microbes was very effective in degrading Sevin as well as
1-naphthol and this suggests that complete biodegradation is per-
formed in combined growth. Studies have been initiated in order
to determine the microbial decomposition of metobromuron and
maloran. Tentative evidence was received that the two ureas are
degraded to the corresponding anilines.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - C.S.R.S.
1.0088, ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR PESTICIDES AND
PESTICIDE DEGRADATION PRODUCTS
C.D. ERCEGOVICH, Penn. State University, Agricultural Experi-
ment Sta., University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 (PEN01527)
OBJECTIVE: Development of improved analytical methods
for residues of pesticides and their degradation products.
APPROACH: Existing methods for the determination of
pesticide residues and degradation products will be critically ex-
amined for sensitivity, accuracy, reproducibility and simplicity.
Special emphasis will be placed on pesticides in common use, and
on pesticide degradation products, soil, water, and other media.
PROGRESS: Compounds possessing nitro groups are
reduced to the corresponding amino group, then diazotized with
nitrous acid and coupled to fibrinogen. Antibodies of the
azoprotein are developed in rabbits over a 30-day period. Ring
precipitation and passive hemagglutination tests demonstrate that
the antibodies yield a high degree of specificity to dilutions of
1:10 parts of azoprotein antigen, but that impurities in the antigen
cause undesirable cross reactions. Improved methods for removal
of impurities from azoprotein and changes in injection schedule
may increase specificity, sensitivity and reduce cross reactions.
Present methods for analysis of CIPC residues in alfalfa and
clover are unsatisfactory. A more efficient method has been
developed using the Bleidner apparatus for hydrolysis and
recovery of CIPC and cellulose column chromatography for
removal of interfering plant materials after color development.
The procedure is sensitive to .04 ppm. Work indicates possibility
of detecting less than 1 ng of cholorotriazines by electron capture
GLC. Method is based on reacting the herbicide with HFBI and
using an OV-210 column. Search for proper reaction conditions
for soil and plant samples is necessary to achieve same sensitivity
attainable with in vitro samples. Separation of chlorotriazines
from their metabolites in ethanolic plant extracts by ion-exchange
chromatography has been restudied.
1.0089, FATE AND PERSISTENCE OF PESTICIDES AND
PHYSIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE DEGRADATION PRODUCTS
D.E. FREAR, Penn. State University, Agricultural Experiment
Sta., University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 (PEN01532)
Objective: Follow the disappearance of pesticide residues in
media other than raw agricultural commodities. Qualitatively and
quantitatively identify the degradation products resulting from
the breakdown of pesticide residues in media other than raw
agricultural commodities.
Approach: Measure quantitatively pesticide residues remain-
ing at known time intervals following application in various types
of soils, water, plant by-products, silage, dairy products, feed
stuffs. By gas chromatographic methods. Identify and measure
any pesticide degradation products which may result from hydrol-
ysis or decomposition caused by heat or processing or other
physical or chemical forces. These will be separated by thin layer,
column or gas chromatographic means and identified by infrared
or other spectral analyses and the use of labelled compounds.
Progress: The disappearance of total chlorphenamidine and
its metabolites during the growing season and the residue of these
materials at harvest on six fruit crops and Hagerstown silt loam
soil has been studied. Of three identified metabolites only N-for-
myl-2-methyl-4- chloroaniline and the parent compound were
found at harvest. Neither chemical nor enzymatic degradation ap-
pear to occur in any of these crops. Environmental factors and
growth dilution seem most responsible for its disappearance from
fruit. The half-life of total chlorphenamidine residues in soil of
20% moisture at 20 C is about 20 weeks. Microbial activity seems
to be primarily responsible for its disappearance from soil. Trace
amounts of 4,4'-dichloro-2,2'- dimethylazobenzene (DDAB)
were detected after six months in non-sterile but not in sterile soil
treated with 2000 ppm of chlorphenamidine. The formation of
DDAB under field conditions through the practical use of
chlorphenamidine appears to be of little significance. The uptake
of DDAB in cabbage and com plants grown in soil containing 50
and 500 ppm was detected at 14 days, but not at 50 days.
Evidence of DDAB degradation in corn and cabbage plants has
been observed by thin layer chromatography. The persistence of
aminotriazole, dalapon, diuron, paraquat and simazine in orchard
soils has been investigated and long term studies of lovozaj have
been initiated.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - C.S.R.S.
1.0090, PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF PER-
SISTENCE AND MOVEMENT OF HERBICIDES IN SOIL
J.K. HALL, Penn. State University, Agricultural Experiment Sta.,
University Park, Pennsylvania 1 6802 ( PENO 1663)
OBJECTIVE: Relate persistence and movement of herbi-
cides to the physical, chemical and mineralogical characteristice
of soil types in Pennsylvania. Determine by bioassay and chemical
analyses the effects of soil properties and climatic conditions on
the minimum soil solution concentrations of different herbicides
which are toxic to crop species. Determine the adsorption of her-
bicides on the colloidal soil constituents. Determine the effect of
herbicide residues in soils on nutrient uptake by crops.
APPROACH: Analysis of herbicide residues in soil water
and plant tissue will be carried out by bioassy, UV-adsorption
spectrophotometry and gas chromatography. Nutrient solutions
and day cultures will be used to grow plants in a growth chamber
pure and so 1 clay minerals. Uptake of soil nutrients bv nlants
0,0.77. ,. 5«, .
1-20
1 PPm from plots treated
-------
1. PESTICIDE RESIDUES AND AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS
with 0, 0.5, 1,2, 4, 6, and 8 Ib./A of atrazine. Concentrations in
eroded soil the same year were 0, 0.49, 2.16, 8.57, 14.56 and
19.54 ppm, respectively. Atrazine was detected in three collec-
tions (3/9) of runoff water in 1968, total ranging from 0.05 to
0.15 ppm. Concentrations in eroded soil were again higher than
runoff water at all rates but less than 1967 values. Soil core sam-
ples collected at intervals each year indicated that the percentage
of applied atrazine decreased from 87% in June, 1967 to 27% in
Sept. 1967; and from 19% in Apr., 1968 to 5% in Sept. 1968.
Total losses of atrazine in 1967 were 1.05 Ib/A (runoff water) and
0.59 Ib/A (eroded soil) which equaled 4.9 and 2.7 percent of the
total applied. Losses in runoff water and soil in 1968 amounted to
0.02 and 0.04 percent, respectively.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - C.S.R.S.
1.0091, BEHAVIOR OF SPECIFIC HERBICIDES IN
PLANTS AND SOILS
B.J. GOSSETT, Clemson University, Agricultural Experiment
Sta., Clemson, South Carolina 29631 (SC00756)
OBJECTIVE: Determine the effects of climatic and edaphic
factors on movement, persistence, and toxicity of herbicides in
the soil.
APPROACH: The effects of edaphic and climatic conditions
on the movement, persistence, and degradation of prometryne
(2,4-bis(iso propylamino)-6-methylthio-s-triazine) and C-2059
(3-(n- trifluoromethylphenyl)-l,l-dimethylurea) will be in-
vestigated. Such factors as sunlight, soil moisture, temperature,
pH, and organic matter content on the persistence and activity of
these herbicides will be determined. Undisturbed soil profiles will
be obtained by forcing a hollow cylinder into the soil to a depth of
3 feet. These soil columns treated with the two herbicides will be
exposed to varying amounts and intensity of simulated rainfall.
Bioassays will be conducted to determine the depth to which the
herbicides moved in phytotoxic concentrations. Under field con-
ditions, studies will be conducted on various soil types to deter-
mine the effect of soil incorporation and depth of incorporation
on the performance of these herbicides.
PROGRESS: Under field conditions the performance of
trifluralin and fluometuron was investigated as influenced by vari-
ous spray volumes and incorporation into the soil at maximum
uniformity and controlled depths. The rate of each herbicide used
was l/3x, 2/3x, and Ix of the suggested rate. With both herbi-
cides, spray volumes near concentrate levels gave poorer weed
control than conventional spray volumes. However, spray
volumes as low as 2 gallons per acre gave weed control equal to
that of conventional spray volumes. Better weed control was ob-
tained with both herbicides when incorporated at maximum
uniformity to a depth of 2 inches than at the 1- or 4-inch depths of
incorporation. Incorporation of fluometuron at the 2-inch depth
provided better weed control than when applied to the soil sur-
face in the conventional manner and followed by irrigation. The
response of cotton did not appear to be significantly influenced by
any treatment, but statistical analysis are not complete.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture C.S.R.S.
1.0092, FATES OF AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS IN
SOILS
E.M. WHITE, South Dakota State University, Agricultural Ex-
periment Sta., Brookings, South Dakota 57006 (SD00518)
OBJECTIVE: To study the fertilizer element, pesticide and
herbicide: contents in agricultural surface-water runoff; vertical
movement in soils of different textures and drainage charac-
teristics; management practices that determine the amount added
to surface and groundwater runoff.
APPROACH: Surface water runoff from established plots at
Madison, Garden City, Cottonwood, and plots proposed at
Presho will be analyzed for fertilizer elements (and other agricul-
tural chemicals if applied) to determine the quantity lost with dif-
ferent management practices and different soils. Additional water
samples will be analyzed from areas with other soils when the
management practices can be ascertained. Soil profiles will be
studied to determine the movement and fate of applied agricul-
tural chemicals.
PROGRESS: This project was initiated July, 1969. Runoff
samples were collected from runoff plots at Madison and Garden
City for analyses of the plant nutrients. Soils in the plots were also
sampled for laboratory analyses to determine the relationship
between nutrient levels of the soils and the runoff. Vegetation and
soil from the Altamont Prairie were sampled twice this fall to
establish the nutrient levels prior to freezing, so sample can be
collected in the spring to determine the amount of nutrients
which could be lost in snow melt runoff.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - C.S.R.S.
1.0093, CHARACTERISTICS AND POLLUTION AL
PROBLEMS OF PESTICIDE MANUFACTURING WASTES
P.R. ATKINS, Univ. of Texas, Graduate School, Austin, Texas
78712
Description: The purpose of this proposed study is to in-
vestigate the quantity and quality of pesticide manufacturing
waste streams and to evaluate the methods presently being em-
ployed to treat and dispose of the pollutants. The study area in-
volved will be limited to the continental United States and
Canada. The project will include: 1. A comprehensive review of
the literature dealing with historical, present and projected pesti-
cide usage, manufacture, and waste water treatment. 2. A survey
of a number of major manufacturing plants, including site visits
and personal interviews where possible. The production process
used, the wastes produced, and the treatment and disposal
methods utilized will be investigated. 3. A completion and evalua-
tion of the information obtained from the literature, site visits, in-
dustry reports, agency reports, research projects, and other
sources. 4. The development of recommendations on the type of
research needed in this area. 5. The Development of a complete
and comprehensive bibliography on pesticide wastes and waste
treatment.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Environ. Protect. Agency - O.O.W.P.
1.0094, PRINCIPLES, FACILITIES AND SYSTEMS FOR
GROUND WATER RECHARGE--SOUTHERN PLAINS
A.D. SCHNEIDER, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Soil & Water
Cons. Res. Div., Bushland, Texas 79012 (SWC-012-EBJJS-1)
OBJECTIVE: Develop methods, principles, facilities, and
economical systems for conserving surface water supplies by
ground water recharge including water clarification, wells, and
surface spreading.
APPROACH: Water clarification by coagulants and floccu-
lants is studied in the laboratory. Economical field water clarifica-
tion systems are then developed and tested. Recharge wells,
clogging, redevelopment, new drilling methods are studied by
analog models, physical models, and field tests. Ground water
pollution by recharge is studied in the laboratory and field and
methods developed for control.
PROGRESS: Preliminary field and laboratory studies in-
dicated the feasibility of recharging the Ogallala aquifer through
the Pleistocene pluvial sediments when the slowly permeable
Pullman clay loam or Randall clay is removed. Two basins, 0.1
acre in area, were excavated approximately 3.5 feet to expose the
caliche and underlying sediments. Twenty acre-feet of well water
was applied to the first basin in 46 days with a maximum percola-
tion rate of 7.0 feet per day occurring at the end of the test. A
mixture of well and runoff water, containing an average of 189
p.p.m. suspended solids, was used in the second basin. During the
66-day test period, 14.9 acre-feet of water was recharged with a
final percolation rate of 1.5 feet per day. Deep percolation into
the Ogallala aquifer 175 feet below the basin was clearly
evidenced by a sharp rise in the water table. Recharge basins have
a distinct advantage over recharge wells (or shafts) because the
studies show that initial infiltration rates can be restored by
removing the sediment sealed surface. To study the fate of herbi-
cides introduced into recharge wells, picloram, atrazine, and
trifluralin were added to water that was injected into a dual-pur-
pose well for 10 days at 360 g.p.m. The ground-water mound
created by recharging was allowed to dissipate for 10 days, and
then the well was pumped for 12 days at 570 g.p.m. Ninety-three
percent of the recharge water was recovered, and this water con-
tained more than 90 percent of each herbicide injected.
1-21
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1. PESTICIDE RESIDUES AND AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture A.R.S. S.W.C
1.0095, FATE OF HERBICIDES IN PLANTS AND SOILS
E.F E/tSTIN, Texas A & M University System, Agricultural Ex-
periment Sta., College Station, Texas 77843 (TEX01737)
OBJECTIVE: To study fate of herbicides in plants and soils
as influenced by environmental factors; determine mechanisms of
metabolism and devise methods of modifying rate of dissipation
of herbicides.
APPROACH: Standard methods using radiolabelled materi-
als coupled with gas chromatography will be used to study absorp-
tion, translocation and fate of herbicides in plants. Effects of light
quality, intensity, and duration plus temperature, moisture, soil
type and pH on fate of herbicides in plants and soils will be stu-
died. Methods of modifying the rate of herbicidal dissipation will
be of two types: modification of the environment and addition of
chemicals, or by chemically modifying the herbicide itself.
PROGRESS: A two-dimensional thin-layer chromatographic
method for the separation of C-6989 (rho-nitrophenyl-
alpha,alpha,alpha- trifluoro- methyl-rho-tolyl ether) and some of
its suspected degradation products was developed. Studies were
then undertaken to determine the movement and fate of C-6989
in peanuts (resistant) and cucumber (susceptible). Major
degradative pathway appears to be cleavage of the ether linkage
in both species. Studies were undertaken to determine the relative
absorption and translocation of atrazine (2-chloro-4- ethylamino-
6- isopropylamino-triazine) in resistant and susceptible selections
of corn. Both selections absorbed essentially the same amount of
atrazine but the susceptible line translocated more radiolabelled
to the shoot than the resistant line. This may result in an overload-
ing of the protective mechanism, resulting in death to the plant.
Analyses of stock tanks and ditches indicate that the major loss of
picloram occurs in the runoff of the first rainfall. Highest concen-
tration of picloram found in the runoff water was 75 ppb when
rainfall occurred within 2 weeks after herbicidal application.
There was less than 10 ppb of picloram in the spring runoff from
plots treated the following fall. The only indication of ground
water contamination was in a well at College Station and this
water had less than 1 ppb.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture C.S.R.S.
1.0096, PERSISTENCE AND MODES OF HERBICIDE DIS-
SIPATION UNDER RANGELAND CONDITIONS
C.J. SCIFRES, Texas A & M University System, Agricultural Ex-
periment Sta., College Station, Texas 77843 (TEX01822)
OBJECTIVE: Determine the various modes of dissipation of
herbicides applied for woody plant control. Establish the relative
importance of the various modes of herbicide dissipation after
their application for woody plant control. Compare the per-
sistence of promising herbicides for woody plant control in range-
land soils, plants, and soil water.
APPROACH: Bioassay and gas chromatographic analysis
will be utilized to characterize the residue potential of herbicides
applied for control of brush. Herbicide mobility in rangeland soils
and soil water and relative rate of herbicide dissipation will be
correlated with topography, soil type, rainfall patterns and exist-
ing vegetation. Sequential sampling patterns of the vertical
vegetation and soil strata will be correlated with rate of relative
herbicide movement downslope from the point of application.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture C.S.R.S.
1.0097, IN ACTIVATION AND LOSS OF PESTICIDES
FROM SOIL
A R SWOBODA, Texas A & M University System, Agricultural
Experiment Sta., College Station, Texas 77843 (TEX02621)
OBJECTIVE: Determine inactivation and loss of pesticides
from soil by: volatilization; retention and release; microbiological
degradation; non-microbiological degradation; movement of
water through and over soil for the purpose of identifying primary
loss processes, relating these processes to soil properties, and pre-
dicting pesticide persistence.
APPROACH: Loss of pesticides from soils will be measured
in the laboratory using vapor trapping devices. Retention and
release of selected pesticides by soils will be studied using adsorp-
tion isotherms and column chromatography. The movement o
pesticides through and across the soil will be studied in field ex-
periments. Pesticides will be monitored in leaching and runon
waters.
PROGRESS: Work on the movement of DDT and Tox-
aphene in watersheds in Central Texas was continued. Due to the
lack of runoff causing rainstorms during the past year few waters
were collected. Work was completed on the toxicity of arsenic to
cotton and soybeans in two Texas soils. Arsenic was found to be
very toxic to soybeans, especially on Amarillo fine sandy loam
soil. Soil tests were investigated to determine toxic levels of ar-
senic. Arsenic was also found to become very soluble under
flowed soil conditions. This reduced soil condition may cause ar-
senic to become more toxic to plants during a rainy period during
the growing season.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - C.S.R.S.
1.0098, MOVEMENT OF INSECTICIDES IN SOIL AND
WATER
G.W. THOMAS, Texas A & M University System, Agricultural
Experiment Sta., College Station, Texas 77843 (SWC-024-BELT-
10)
OBJECTIVE: Determine the effects of rainfall amount and
intensity on the movement of insecticides through soils and in
washoff of soil and water; predict the extent of pollution from typ-
ical Blackland farming enterprises.
APPROACH: Three small watersheds at Riesel will be sam-
pled periodically to determine the distribution with depth of
DDT, toxaphene, and parathion in the soil. Runoff water, ground
water, and eroded sediment will be collected and analyzed for
these same substances. Two instrumented sites, at Riesel and at
College Station, will be used to determine the rate of pesticide
movement relative to water movement in clay soils.
PROGRESS: Three small watersheds in central Texas, which
are adjacent to each other and in a rotation of oats, cotton, grain
sorghum, are being used to monitor pesticide residues in soil and
loss in runoff water and sediment. The only insecticides which
have been applied to these watersheds have been toxaphene and
DDT. Soil samples taken to a depth of 5 feet contained very little
toxaphene at depths below 1 foot. DDT tended to be higher in the
surface 6 inches than at any other depth, but appreciable quanti-
ties of DDT were found throughout the 5 foot depth in some
profiles. Profile samples from waterways were found to contain
very little DDT and almost no toxaphene. A sample of silt col-
lected in one waterway contained only 0.06 ppm toxaphene and
only 0.052 ppm DDT. Only about 20% of the toxaphene and DDT
applied in the past 10 years could be accounted for in the soil
profiles. Insecticide residues in runoff waters were not of signifi-
cant concentrations with respect to pollution problems. In the ru-
noff following one storm the DDT concentration reached 1.0 ppb.
No toxaphene was found in any of the water samples. Water sam-
ples collected from a seep indicates that DDT is indeed moving
through the soil profile but concentrations are very small. When
the seep initially began to flow the concentration of DDT was
slightly in excess of 1 ppb but quickly decreased to less than 0.2
ppb.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - A.R.S. - S.W.C
1.0099, MOVEMENT OF HERBICIDES IN SOIL SUR-
FACE WATER AND UNDERGROUND WATER
-M University System, Agricultural Experi-
"' Texas 77843 (SWC-024-BELT-11)
pled to determine YfWT' "°m about 50 fields win be sam'
derground aquifer Modek ^0^ Persistence in the un-
moisture, soil type, sin™ *„* «:_^C,?nStr""ed to. determine soil
1-22
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1. PESTICIDE RESIDUES AND AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS
water and Ogallala sand will be determined in the laboratory. A
model will be developed to study herbicide movement in Ogallala
sand.
PROGRESS: On five fields in West Texas only 14% of ap-
plied trifluralin remained in the soil 3 months after application.
On one field each, only 20 and 8 percent of propazine and
atrazine persisted 1 month after application. Runoff samples from
these same fields contained a maximum of 0.04, 0.05, and 0.04
ppm of trifluralin, propazine, and atrazine, respectively. At these
concentrations there would be less than 1.2 pounds of active in-
gredient in 100 acre-inches of runoff. Trifluralin, atrazine, and
picloram were applied to soil in small basins at 1, 1, and 1/2
pounds per acre, respectively, which were later flooded. Triflu-
ralin and atrazine did not get into the water, but detectable
amounts of picloram were in the water. Trifluralin disappeared
from the soil in 2 months of flooding. Soil samples for picloram
and atrazine have not been analyzed.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture A.R.S. - S.W.C
1.0100, EFFECT OF USING RUNOFF WATER IN
RECHARGE WELLS-HIGH PLAINS AREA
J. VALLIANT, High Plains Research Found., Plainview, Texas
79072
The purpose of the study is to evaluate the effect of recharg-
ing with runoff water on the Ogallala aquifer and the ground
water quality. By using pumping tests, the effect of suspended
solids contained in recharge water upon the Ogallala aquifer are
being determined for the area under study. The effect on trans-
missibility, specific yield, and other characteristics are being eval-
uated and determinations made as to whether additional desilting
methods may be required to avoid clogging the aquifer. The study
includes a determination of the movement of pesticides, herbi-
cides, bacteria and other agricultural chemicals through the
aquifer. A determination is being made as to whether the playa
lake waters recharged are compatible with the ground water with
respect to calcium carbonate equilibrium.
SUPPORTED BY Texas State Government Austin
1.0101, EFFECT OF PESTICIDES ON THE QUALITY OF
SURFACE AND GROUND WATERS IN THE WESTERN
GULF REGION
W.G. KNISEL, Blackland Conserv. Res. Center, Temple, Texas
76501 (SWC-024-ETEM-8)
OBJECTIVE: On experimental watersheds, determine
disposition of pesticide in runoff, seepage flow, soil, and vegeta-
tion, with respect to climate and time after application.
APPROACH: Rainfall and runoff are measured at 7
watersheds of 1.5 and 3 acre drainage areas and a 7.8 acre subsur-
face drainage area. Runoff measuring structures are equipped for
collection of single stage samples of runoff water. Comparisons of
pesticide recovery are made between permanent grasses and cul-
tivated areas. Water use and water yield are measured on
mesquite infested watersheds.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture A.R.S. - S.W.C
1.0102, QUALITY OF IRRIGATION RETURN FLOW
L.G. KING, Utah State University, School of Agriculture, Logan,
Utah 84321
Description: The primary objective is to conduct research on
the problems that affect the quality of irrigation flow. This is to be
accomplished initially by studies in four areas or sub projects: (1)
Precipitation mechanisms in soils as they affect water quality.
This phase will be concerned with the changes in the quality of
water, as it moves through soils, as a result of precipitation of cal-
cium carbonate, (2) to develop information for predicting the
changes in the salinity content of soil and drainage water resulting
in changes in the quality of irrigation water and in irrigation
management. (3) Managing water in the soil-plant matrix to con-
trol the quality and quantity of return flow. (4) Contamination of
surface and drainage waters with soil and foliar herbicides. There
will be a special emphasis on heavy rates used on canal banks,
drains, waterways, etc. It is anticipated that as the specific seg-
ments or sub-projects are completed the studies will be expanded
to include the broad aspects of water management. This would in-
clude such things as consolidation of irrigation companies for
water quality control. It would also encompass the economics of
water quality improvement and protection.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Environ. Protect. Agency - O.O.W.P.
1.0103, SOILS, PESTICIDES, AND THE QUALITY OF
WATER
R.L. SMITH, Utah State University, Agricultural Experiment
Sta., Logan, Utah 84321 (UTA00678)
OBJECTIVE: Identify the properties of pesticides and of
soils that controls the extent of movement of pesticides in and
through soils. Ascertain the solubility characteristics of pesticides
adsorbed on soil particles and hence the effect of suspended soil
on the concentrations of pesticides in water.
APPROACH: Adsorption, flow, and thermodynamic proper-
ties of a variety of pesticides will be studied in connection with
montmorillonitic and kaolinitic types of clays, sand, and complete
soil. Specific compounds will be selected to give carboxyl, car-
bonyl, amine, amide, and double bonded oxygen, sulfur, or
phosphorus position that may interact with clay to exchange with
cations present in the colloidal complex of soil materials. Ther-
modynamic properties of systems consisting of various soil
materials and water will be studied. Organic pesticides will then
be adsorbed onto the soil solids and the thermodynamic proper-
ties will again be studied. In this way the change in properties will
be evaluated.
PROGRESS: A study of the soil type role and related factors
on pesticide movement in surface waters has recently been in-
itiated. Preliminary tests have shown that exchange of phenoxy
herbicides is dependent upon pH of soil and water; organic con-
tent; concentration of the herbicide. A major effort is being made
to define the role of organic matter in this exchange reaction. A
major accomplishment of the projects has been the development
of a GLC technique capable of routine measurements for concen-
trations around 0.1 parts per billion picloram. In addition to GLC,
fluorescence measurements are simple, highly reproducible and
can be performed on considerably more samples in a given
amount of time. It will be a valuable analytical and tracer tool.
Detailed degradation studies were made on picloram in water
under the influence of light, temperature and pH of water. The
compound was significantly degraded photochemically and ther-
mochemically. The primary degradation product appears similar
in either process and has been tentatively identified as decarbox-
glated-picloram (product-I). Work is continuing to determine
further degradation or stability of product I and its toxicity.
Picloram and product I have been separated and purified on
alimina columns. Both have demonstrated considerable
fluorescence at certain temperatures.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - C.S.R.S.
1.0104, EVALUATION AND DEMONSTRATION OF IR-
RIGATION METHODS AND PRACTICES TO REDUCE CON-
TAMINATION IN IRRIGATION WASTE WATER
B.L. CARLILE, Washington State University, School of Agricul-
ture, Pullman, Washington 99163
Field research and demonstration studies are proposed to
evaluate irrigation techniques and fertilization management prac-
tices for minimization of water quality impairment in irrigation
waste water. Water and water movements will be measured under
both furrow and sprinkler systems at various water application
rates and fertility treatments. Suspended sediment in surface
waste water will be monitored and the distribution of nutrients
and pesticides between the aqueous and solid phases will be ex-
amined. Total salt removal under various treatments will also be
studied. Urea and ammonium fertilizers in combination with a
nitrification retardent and/or slow release fertilizer will be studied
in an attempt to reduce leaching losses of nitrogen during early
season irrigation for wind erosion control. Porous cups will be
utilized to collect samples of soil solution for analysis. These cups
will be buried at various depths in the soil and at sufficient loca-
tions in and around each plot to measure the quality of water
moving through the profile. Techniques for the in situ measure-
1-23
-------
1. PESTICIDE RESIDUES AND AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS
ments of soil moisture flux will be further developed and tested in
field plots in an attempt to obtain more accurate water mass
balance equations under field conditions.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Environ. Protect. Agency O.O.W.P.
1.0105, SOILS, PESTICIDES AND THE QUALITY OF
WATER
H.H. CHENG, Washington State University, Agricultural Experi-
ment Sta., Pullman, Washington99\63 (WNP01811)
OBJECTIVE: Identify and characterize the physical-chemi-
cal properties of the pesticide-soil water system which are per-
tinent to pesticide transport through the soil in infiltrating water,
and pesticide desorption from eroded soil into surface waters.
Identify the principal degradation products and determine the
mechanisms and kinetics of pesticide transformations in soil-
water systems. Measure pesticide transport through and over soil
in the field or in lysimeters, using well characterized initial and
boundary conditions.
APPROACH: Laboratory studies will include examination of
the adsorption-desorption equilibria of carboxylic acid herbicides
(represented by picloram) in relation to chemical properties of
representative soils, the transport of picloram by moving water in
various soil columns, and the degradation of picloram and or-
ganophosphate insecticides as influenced by soil and environmen-
tal factors, such as soil pH, organic matter content, moisture
level, aeration, and temperature. Particular emphasis will be on
the role of organic matter in organophosphates breakdown. Field
measurement will be made to evaluate the extent to which pesti-
cide transport can be predicted from information obtained from
the chemical, physical, and biological studies done in the labora-
tory.
PROGRESS: The original project was terminated with our
final contribution in the form of a M.S. thesis: 'Distribution and
Transformation of Anhydrous Ammonia in Soil and Effects on
Wheat and Pea Foot Rot Fusaria' by R. W. Smiley. Under the
revised project, the W- 82 Regional Project Committee has
selected two soils from Washington as standards for cooperative
study. Bulk quantities of these two soils were collected by
horizons, prepared, and distributed to committee members.
Physical and chemical properties of the two soils are being
characterized and data will be distributed also. Initial research has
been on the adsorption and desorption of carboxylic-acid herbi-
cides (2,4-D and picloram) in soils as affected by herbicide con-
centration, time and temperature of equilibration, and pH of soil.
Results indicate that adsorption of herbicide by soil reached
equilibrium within 15 minutes of contact. The amount of herbi-
cide adsorbed was dependent on pH of the soil, with increasing
adsorption at lower soil pH.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - C.S.R.S.
1.0106, ALTERING PERSISTENCE AND MOVEMENT OF
HERBICIDES IN SOIL, WATER, AND PLANTS
J.H. DAWSON, Battelle Memorial Institute, Richland, Washing-
ton 99352 (0710-01-27-(C))
OBJECTIVE: Characterize the major effects of herbicide
formulation, placement, and soil management practices on
volatility, decomposition, and movement of CIPC, EPTC, triflu-
ralin, picloram, and TCA in soil, water, and plants; and develop
prototypes of new formulations, soil management practices, and
application of techniques which will facilitate increasing or
decreasing persistence and movement of the herbicides.
APPROACH: First investigate physico-chemical properties
of the herbicides and biological-physiological relations of the her-
bicides with the environment to determine which factors are most
likely to influence their fate in soils, water, and plants; and then,
by using that information, select and explore logical choices of
soil additives, soil manipulations, aeration of water, placement
techniques, herbicide granule structures, granule coatings, and
liquid herbicide formulations to alter persistence and movement
of the herbicides in water, soil, and plants in advantageous
directions.
PROGRESS: In a soil perfusion system, S-ethyl
dipropylthiocarbamate (EPTC) was released to solution more
uniformly over a period of 12 days from granules made of zeolite
or alumina than from a commercial granular formulation. In a
similar system, 4- amino- 3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid (picloram)
was released to solution more slowly from zeolite and alumina
granules than from a commercial granular formulation. After 16
days of perfusion, the rate of release of picloam from granules
decreased most in montmorillonite, intermediate in zeolite, and
least in alumina.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - A.R.S. - C.R.
1.0107, HERBICIDE RESIDUES IN IRRIGATION WATER
AND IN CROPS AND SOILS IRRIGATED WITH TREATED
WATER
F.L. TIMMONS, Battelle Memorial Institute, Richland, Washing-
ton 99352 (0750-09-09(0)
OBJECTIVE: Determine the presence and concentrations of
selected herbicides and degradation compounds or metabolites in
crops and soils irrigated with water containing known concentra-
tions of each herbicide.
APPROACH: Acrolein and copper sulfate will each be ap-
plied to a typical irrigation canal at a known concentration and
determinations of concentrations remaining in the water,
suspended material, and bottom soil will be made at various
distances and time intervals after application. Acrolein, 2,4-D, sil-
vex and two other herbicides will each be applied in three dif-
ferent concentrations to irrigation water which will be applied by
overhead and furrow irrigation methods to com, soybeans, and
sugarbeets grown in field plots. Samples of treated water and ir-
rigated soil will be taken at the time and one week after the irriga-
tion. Samples of edible portions of the crops will be taken at
maturity. All samples will be analyzed by appropriate methods to
determine the presence and concentrations of the herbicide and
of important degradation compounds or metabolites.
PROGRESS: Acrolein applied at 0.7 ppm during a period of
6 hours 20 minutes in an irrigation canal. The volume of water
flow was 135 cfs and the water temperature was 48 F. Water sam-
ples taken at nine locations downstream, 1,3,6,9.5, 12.5, 16, 19,
22.5, and 27 miles below the point of application during 30 hours
after treatment, showed a progressive reduction in concentration
of copper ion in the water from 0.710 ppm at Mile 1 to 0.269 ppm
at Mile 27. The concentration was reduced more rapidly during
the first 9.5 miles than during the subsequent 17.5 miles. The total
dissipation of applied copper was 44.1% after 9.5 mi. and 62.6%
after 27 mi. All fish in live boxes below the acrolein application
were killed even at the station 27 mi. below. Volatility of acrolein
according to measurements with volatilimeters showed that
volatilization accounted for only a small proportion of the reduc-
tion in concentration at the unusually low temperature. In an
earlier experiment conducted in a similar canal in August 1966
when the water temperature was 63-64 F losses by volatilization
were 50% in the first 3 mi. and 90% in the first 10 mi. that treated
water flowed down the canal.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture A.R.S. - C.R.
1.0108, DEVELOPMENT OF ON-SITE BIOASSAY
METHODS
R.M. BURRESS, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bur. of Sport Fish. &
Wildlife, La Crosse, Wisconsin
Past failures in the use of chemical tools have been caused in
part by the complexity of aquatic ecosystems and lack of accurate
methods of predicting the results of treatments made under given
conditions. Growing awareness of the dire consequences of mis-
using pesticides has focused attention on the critical need for
methods to determine the amount of a particular chemical
required to produce a desired result. One of the most promising
methods yet tried is that of on-site bioassay in which a chemical
tool is tested against target organisms in the target water in
-------
1. PESTICIDE RESIDUES AND AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior Bu. Sport Fish.
1.0109, INTERFERING SOIL CONSTITUENTS IN DETER-
MINATION OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN SOIL AND
WATER
C.W. CARLSON, Univ. of Wisconsin, Agricultural Experiment
Sta., Madison, Wisconsin (SWCW8-BELT-19)
OBJECTIVE: Determine the most effective method for ex-
tracting and purifying pesticides from soil types and runoff and
drainage waters and develop accurate analytical procedures for
estimating pesticide concentrations.
APPROACH: Conduct investigation bases designed to deter-
mine accurate analytical procedures for the determination of ex-
tremely small concentrations of organic pesticide residues in soils
and runoff and drainage water. All soil components which inter-
fere with the final analytical determination will be completely
evaluated and the methods and necessity for removal in-
vestigated. Analytical procedures which will completely extract
pesticides residues from different soil systems and waters will be
developed; interferring substances from soil extracts will be
identified and methods for effectively removing them developed.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture A.R.S. S.W.C
1.0110, IDENTIFICATION AND DETERMINATION OF
PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN SOIL AND RUNOFF AND
DRAINAGE WATERS.
G. CHESTERS, Univ. of Wisconsin, Agricultural Experiment
Sta., Madison, Wisconsin (WIS01342)
No summary has been provided to the Science Information
Exchange.
SUPPORTED BY Wisconsin State Government Madison
1.0111, FATE OF INSECTICIDES IN SOIL AND THEIR
MOVEMENT IN WATER AND CROPS
E.P. LIGHTEN STEIN, Univ. of Wisconsin, School of Agriculture,
Madison, Wisconsin
The fate of selected C14-labelled insecticides in different
soils will be investigated, followed by studies of the movement of
the parent compound and their metabolites in soils with and
without water. The effect of biologically different kinds of water
on the persistence of the insecticidal substances will be in-
vestigated. Using agricultural crop plants as test organisms, en-
vironmental factors affecting the penetration, translocation and
metabolism of these C14-insecticidal substances will be studied in
detail.
SUPPORTED BY Intl. Atomic Energy Agency Austria
1.0112, GREEN BAY RESEARCH PROGRAM
R.A. RAGOTZKIE, Univ. of Wisconsin, School of Letters, Madis-
on, Wisconsin 53706
The Program is being developed as a multidisciplinary effort
to provide information on the total environment of Green Bay,
which presently receives an exceptionally heavy load of industrial
and domestic waste via the Fox River. Within a systems
framework, the program has a goal objective evaluation of al-
ternate solutions to the pollution problem. Inital efforts will assess
the effects of man's socio-economic activities on the aquatic
ecosystem as well as the reverse effect of current environmental
conditions of the Bay on man's cultural activities. Included in the
first phase of the Program are studies dealing with: (1) the
nutrient inputs from the Fox and Wolf River drainage basins (2)
an acoustic profiling of the bottom and sub- bottom structure of
lower Green Bay as related to sedimentation, (3) the primary
productivity of algal and plant species, (4) the nitrogen fixation
activity of the phytoplankton community in the lower Bay, (5) the
role of the sediment environment in the degredation of or-
ganochlorine pesticides, (6) the effects of eutrophication on the
benthos and plankton communities, (7) the flushing rate of the
Bay in terms of the Fox River water, (8) the effects of perceived
water quality on recreational pursuits, and (9) the economic im-
pact of commercial shipping and the Seaway on the port of Green
Bay.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Commerce - N.O.A.A.
IB. SURFACE WATERS
( Precipitation, Surface Runoff, Streams, Lakes, Oceans, Aquatic Sedi-
ments)
1.0113, METABOLISM OF ENDRIN IN PONDS
R.L. ARGYLL, U.S. Dept. of t.ie Interior, Bur. of Sport Fish. &
Wildlife, Marion, Alabama 36756
Objectives: Endrin when entering the aquatic environment
by the accident or when applied, theoretically becomes a part of
that environment. Thus it appears desirable to determine its fate
starting with its entrance into the water and ending with its
degradaion, or its becoming a permanent part of the metabolic
system. Therefore the objectives are to: 1. determine the rate of
loss from the water, 2. determine the rate of accumulation and
loss in fish, vegetation and soil, 3. determine the effect on size and
composition of food organism populations.
Procedure: Ponds will be filled with pesticide - free water and
stocked with goldfish, catfish and sunfish. Endrin will be placed in
the water. Periodically samples of water, fish, soil and vegetation
will be analyzed by gas chromatography for endrin content. Or-
ganism populations will be measured by plankton net hauls and by
plate samplers.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
1.0114, UPTAKE AND RELEASE OF DALAPON IN
EARTHEN PONDS
R.L. ARGYLE, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bur. of Sport Fish. &
Wildlife, Marion, Alabama 36756
Objectives: To quantitate the uptake and release of Dalapon
in water, fish, soil and plants in earthen ponds.
Procedure: Twelve 0.1 acre earthen ponds will be filled with
water and 'sprigged' with cattail plants. After a short period of ac-
climation, fingerling channel catfish, bluegill sunfish and lar-
gemouth bass will be stocked into each pond. Dalapon at 0 and
1/3, and 3 times the recommended amounts will be applied to all
ponds. Samples of water, fish, soil, and vegetation will be taken at
0,1,3,7,14, 28, and at each 28th day thereafter until no Dalapon
can be detected or the amounts found are stabilized.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
1.0115, PHOTOCHEMICAL METHODS FOR PURIFYING
WATER
J.M. SMITH, Univ. of California, School of Engineering, Davis,
California 95616
The primary objective is to evaluate photochemical
processing as a means of tertiary water treatment. The first phase
is to establish the most promising operating conditions (lamp-
reactor geometry, residence time, light intensity, oxidizing agent,
sensitizer, etc.) for a continuous flow process. These data would
be obtained in a small, pilot-plant reactor, feed for which would
be secondary effluents from Sacramento-area wastewater treat-
ment plants. Preliminary runs with water from the Northeast Area
Treatment Plant of the Sacramento County Sanitation District
have indicated a reduction in COD of 25-50% without sensitizer
of supplementary oxidant. When Fe ion was added as a sensitizer,
the reduction was greater, but not markedly so. These initial
results, admittedly not at optimum conditions, indicate that the
photochemical method is a promising one. Of particular im-
portance is the possibility of a process not using a sensitizer.
As a secondary objective, and with time permitting, studies
would be made to evaluate photochemical decomposition as a
process for removing resistant pesticides from water, especially
wastewater.
1-25
-------
1. PESTICIDE RESIDUES AND AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - F. Wtr. Qua. Adm.
1.0116, INVESTIGATION INTO RECREATIONAL
WATER QUALITY CRITERIA
BJ. MECHALAS, Aerojet General Corporation, El Monte,
California 91734(14-12-539)
Description: This study has as its primary objective the
establishment of a scientific basis from which meaningful recrea-
tional water quality criteria can be formulated. Ultimately, such
criteria would be used as guidelines for setting recreational water
quality standards. The health hazards faced by aquatic recrea-
tionists during primary contact activities (swimming, skindiving,
etc.) in polluted water are being reviewed, analyzed, and mathe-
matically related, with a view toward the construction of mathe-
matical models which will correlate the variables involved in this
epidemiological situation. A secondary objective is the delinea-
tion of informational gaps in our knowledge with respect to cer-
tain parameters needed to develop a rational basis for criteria for-
mulation, and to suggest areas of needed research. The present in-
vestigation is restricted to a consideration of nine factors that
represent the types of problems and parameters of importance in
the development of recreational water quality criteria, namely,
(1) total coliforms; (2) fecal coliforms, (3) salmonella, (4)
viruses, (5) pesticides, (6) oils, (7) temperature, (8) pH, and (9)
clarity.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Environ. Protect. Agency - O.O.W.P.
1.0117, AN INVESTIGATION INTO RECREATIONAL
WATER QUALITY CRITERIA
L.A. SCHINAZI, Aerojet General Corporation, El Monte, Califor-
nia91734
This study has as its primary objective the establishment of a
scientific basis from which meaningful recreational water quality
criteria can be formulated. Ultimately, such criteria would be
used as guidelines for setting recreational water quality standards.
The health hazards faced by aquatic recreationists during primary
contact activities (swimming, skindiving, etc.) in polluted water
are being reviewed, analyzed, and mathematically related, with a
view toward the construction of mathematical models which will
correlate the variables involved in this epidemiological situation.
A secondary objective is the delineation of information gaps
in our knowledge with respect to certain parameters needed to
develop a rational basis for criteria formulation, and to suggest
areas of needed research. The present investigation is restricted
to a consideration of nine factors that represent the types of
problems and parameters of importance in the development of
recreational water quality criteria, namely, (1) total coliforms;
(2) fecal coliforms, (3) salmonella, (4) viruses, (5) pesticides, (6)
oils, (7) temperature, (8) pH, and (9) clarity.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Environ. Protect. Agency - O.O.W.P.
1.0118, DEVELOPMENT OF TREATMENT PROCESS
FOR CHLORINATED HYDROCARBON PESTICIDE MANU-
FACTURING AND PROCESSING WASTES
K.H. SWEENY, Aerojet General Corporation, El Monte, Califor-
n/a91734(68-01-0083)
Description: To develop at the bench and pilot plant level a
practical manufacturing waste treatment process for selected
chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides. The waste treatment process
is based upon laboratory observation made during earlier work.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Environ. Protect. Agency - O.O.W.P.
1.0119, ORGANIC SUBSTANCES IN WATER
D.F. GOERLITZ, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey,
Menlo Park, California 94025
Wide and complex varieties of organic substances are
present in water and the number of the organic pollutants
reaching water supplies is rapidly increasing. Knowledge of the
extent, character, and composition of organic substances in water
has lagged significantly behind that of the mineral components.
The work involves largely the development of methodology
for the separation, identification, and measurement of organic
1-26
substances in water. The initial work has been concerned with
natural organic substances in water. The processes being
developed basically involve extraction, vacuum evaporation,
chromatography, and infrared spectroscopy.
The development of highly sensitive techniques for the
separation, identification, and measurement of pesticides in water
will be continued. Recovery studies will be continued and ex-
tended to cover additional pesticides to those already in-
vestigated. Efforts will also be directed toward the development
of an electron capture gas chromatographic procedure for the
analysis of chlorinated phenoxy acid herbicides and their deriva-
tives in water.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Geological Survey
1.0120, ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY OF SAN FRAN-
CISCO BAY WATERS AND SEDIMENTS
D.H. PETERSON, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey,
Menlo Park, California 94025
Purpose: To increase our limited knowledge of the factors
which control the abundance, distribution, and composition of or-
ganic matter in coastal waters and sediment.
Methods: 1) Determine the relative abundance, distribution
and clay mineralogy of suspended sediment in San Francisco Bay
waters in relation to source and waters, such as the distribution of
saline water. 2) Survey the abundance and distribution of organic
carbon in San Francisco Bay waters and sediment in relation to
season, source and differences in depositional environment such
as the distribution of NO3 and oxygen dissolved in the waters. 3)
Study the distribution of specific trace elements in relation to the
distribution of organic matter. 4) Survey the distribution of pesti-
cides in sediment in relation to depositional environment and
depth in sediment. 5) Study abundance and composition of or-
ganic matter thought to be of prime importance in the engineer-
ing properties of sediment. 6) Study the composition of selected
geochemical constituents with depth in sediment in relation to
source and subsequent alteration of organic matter.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Geological Survey
1.0121, STUDY OF ELECTROHYDRAULIC WATER
TREATMENT
H. HOCHMAN, U.S. Navy, Civil Engineering Lab., Port
Hueneme, California
Investigate the effect of electrohydraulic treatment on
chemical species in water solution.
Approach: Conduct a feasibility study to determine the effect
on electrohydraulic treatment on chemical compounds.
Dilute solutions of 3 chemicals—parathion, endrin and cetyl-
trimethylammonium bromide—were exposed to electrohydraulic
treatment at the General Electric Company Experimental Plant at
Alplans, New York. The treated solutions or their extracts were
shipped to NCEL for analysis. The cetyltrimethylammonium bro-
mide solution was analyzed photocolorimetricaUy and the
parathion and endnn solutions were analyzed by gas chromatog-
raphy. The results are reported in Technical Note N-1001, Effect
of Electrohydraul.es on Chemicals in Aqueous Solution, by H.
H«rkn»n iv^ 68. The findings were that electrohydraulics does.
' "*"^ j18 °f these organic compounds. The'
""•*"•'•! °n the voltage and capacitance used,
"he total power used
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Defense - Navy
FLOW WATER™0™0 m™RAL «UALITY OF
, Bureau of Reclamation,
i have been unduly criticized for
lit» i« ~ceiving waters. Much of
>een attributed to irriga-
•»"•»-••---- and fate of
ill be
ig performed
;r organizations. In
the deterioS of
the salt content of many e
tion projects. Studies based»
agricultural chemicals including
supported and coordinated
-------
order to differentiate the salt contribution from natural irrigation,
municipal and industrial sources two catagories have been made
under the main heading.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Reclamation
1.0123, IMPACT ON MAN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CON-
TAMINATION CAUSED BY LEAD
H. W. EDWARDS, Colorado State University, School of Engineer-
ing, Fort Collins, Colorado 80521
The major purpose of this proposed research is to develop
and test an interdisciplinary mechanism for studying environmen-
tal contamination problems using a system approach. The pur-
pose of the system approach is to provide the kind of broadly
based information concerning the movement of a contaminant
through the environment which will be useful in evaluating the
nature and extent of a possible environment hazard. Examples of
such contaminants include heavy metals such as lead and mercu-
ry, combustion-produced carcinogens, pesticides, etc.
The selection of lead for the model system offers several ad-
vantages in that it occurs in demonstrable amounts in the environ-
ment, has known deleterious health effects, and can be traced in
its movement by newly-developed isotope-ration measurement
techniques. The proposal has been well developed and the scien-
tific staff is qualified to conduct the proposed research. Arrange-
ments have been made for interactions between Colorado State
University and other institutions interested in similar problems.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. National Science Foundation
1. PESTICIDE RESIDUES AND AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - F. Wtr. Qua. Adm.
1.0127, PESTICIDE KINETICS
C.W. MILLER, U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Natl. Oceanic & At-
mos. Admin., Gulf Breeze, Florida 32561
Investigate, under field conditions, the occurrence and dis-
tribution of insecticides in tidal areas associated with an estuary.
Samples of water, soil and selected biota will be collected im-
mediately prior to application of the test material to establish a
base line indicative of previous commercial treatments. The per-
sistence, localization and possible degradation of the test chemi-
cals will be followed.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Commerce - N.O.A.A.
1.0128, ESTUARINE ECOSYSTEMS
G.E. WALSH, U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Natl. Oceanic & Atmos.
Admin., Gulf Breeze, Florida 32561
The purpose of this research is to determine effects of sub-
lethal concentrations of pesticides upon estuarine ecosystems. At
present, physical, chemical and biological characteristics of four
very similar coastal ponds are being analyzed to learn normal
seasonal variations. When these are known, three of the ponds
will be treated with pesticide and one will be utilized as a control.
Effects of pesticide upon population dynamics and community
structures will be studied after contamination.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Commerce - N.O.A.A.
1.0124, ATTENTION AND RUNOFF OF PESTICIDES
FROM AGRICULTURAL LANDS TO SURFACE WATERS
G. BAILEY, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Agriculture Research
Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia
Description: This agreement covers cooperative involvement
in gathering data, information, evaluating, developing and verify-
ing a Pesticide Runoff Mathematical Model, for better un-
derstanding the persistence and degradation of pesticides in soil.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Environ. Protect. Agency O.O.W.P.
1.0125, COOPERATIVE HERBICIDE MONITORING
STUDY IN IRRIGATION SYSTEMS
T.E. MALONEY, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Reclama-
tion, Washington, District of Columbia
Description: The objectives of this project concern the deter-
mination of quantities, fate, and persistence of herbicides (includ-
ing 2,4-D and acrolein) in irrigation systems for the purpose of
ditchbank and submersed weed control. Amounts of herbicide
getting into irrigation waters, remaining in the water as it is con-
ducted to cropland, returning to drainage systems, and eventually
returning to the mainstream will be studied. Determination's will
also be made of amounts of herbicide absorbed by ditch bottom
soil, aquatic vegetation, agricultural soils, and crop plants. Moni-
toring of major herbicides will provide significant data to support
establishment of sound water quality criteria for use of herbicides
in irrigation systems.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Environ. Protect. Agency - O.O.W.P.
1.0126, EFFECTIVENESS OF IODINE FOR DISINFEC-
TION OF PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES & TO DETERMINE
PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS ON A HUMAN POPULATION
A.P. BLACK, Univ. of Florida, Graduate School, Gainesville,
Florida 32601
This project is to demonstrate the effectiveness of iodine for
the disinfection of polluted water supplies and to evaluate the
several variables affecting such procedures to demonstrate the
physiological effects, if any, on a significant number of consumers
over an extended period of time. The water supplies of three state
institutions will be disinfected with iodine and every sixth person
of more than 600 inmates will be selected for intensive medical
evaluation.
1.0129, CHEMICAL ANALYSES
A.J. WILSON, U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Natl. Oceanic & Atmos.
Admin., Gulf Breeze, Florida 32561
In order to evaluate data now being obtained by a nationwide
surveillance of organochlorine pesticide pollution in estuaries,
studies are in progress to determine rates of uptake and the
metabolism of these pollutants in marine species.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Commerce N.O.A.A.
1.0130, EFFLUENT INFLUENCES OF THE MISSISSIPPI
RIVER ON THE CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY OF AD-
JACENT OCEAN SYSTEMS
E.F. CORCORAN, Univ. of Miami, School of Marine Science,
Miami, Florida 33149
This grant supports investigations of the spectrum of the
chlorinated-hydrocarbon pesticides in the water, paniculate
matter and sediments in the discharge of the Mississippi River
into the Gulf of Mexico. The samples analyzed are from transects
up the Mississippi River itself, other stations in the river plume
and inshore regions of the Gulf of Mexico. Data from these in-
vestigations will indicate the extent of influence of the outflow of
the Mississippi River on the waters of the Gulf of Mexico as well
as the degree and rate of pesticide contamination of the river and
adjacent regions of the Gulf of Mexico.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. National Science Foundation
1.0131, ANAEROBIC DEGRADATION OF AROMATIC
COMPOUNDS IN THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT
B.F. TA YLOR, Univ. of Miami, School of Marine Science, Miami,
Florida 33149
Funds from this grant support investigations of the pathway
and mechanisms of anaerobic metabolism and fission of the
benzene nucleus in aromatic compounds by marine microorgan-
isms. Growth studies with a pseudomonad which has this metabol-
ic capacity are employed to test suspected intermediate
metabolites and to produce intermediates labelled with 14C which
can then be isolated and identified. Other experiments involve the
isolation and culture of bacteria which are from anaerobic marine
environments and swampy regions under marine influences, and
which are of varying physiologcal types and grow anaerobically
on substrates containing aromatic compounds. There is a con-
stant flow into the sea of aromatic derivatives, from such sub-
1-27
465-868 O - 72 - 3
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1. PESTICIDE RESIDUES AND AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS
stances as organic pesticides, lignins and tannins and the by-
products of the metabolism of other organisms, and some of these
must ultimately reside in anaerobic situations. A knowledge of the
susceptibility of aromatic compounds to anaerobic degradation
and of the metabolic mechanisms involved will further our un-
derstanding of marine environments and pollution.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. National Science Foundation
1.0132, ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS IN THE SUR-
VIVAL OF MAN
H.J. TEAS, Univ. of Miami, School of Arts, Miami, Florida 33124
To study the basic ecological factors in peninsular Florida
with particular emphasis on those concerned with the survival of
man. This will cover: (1) remote sensing of environment includ-
ing the use of image enhancement techniques to distinguish plant
species and communities from aerial photography; the use of aeri-
al photography as a source of ecological data; monitoring of ther-
mal pollution damage from aerial photography; (2) assessment of
factors involved in environmental degradation: concentration and
cycling of DDT in a laboratory model ecosystem; pesticide runoff
from winter vegetable growing fields; evaluation of factors that
may be effective in pesticide removal from food chains.
It is planned that these studies will involve students in ecolog-
ical monitoring and evaluation.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Natl. Aero. & Space Adm.
1.0133, EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON ESTUARINE
PRODUCTIVITY
T.S. HOPKINS, Univ. of West Florida, Graduate School, Pen-
sacola, Florida
The campus of The University of West Florida is located on
the west side at the head of Escambia Bay, a commercially impor-
tant estuary for the production of oysters, shrimp, and fish. Part of
the drainage basin of this estuary, including an embayment or
bayou and small stream lies on University property that has been
dedicated as a natural conservation area and will remain un-
developed.
The Faculty of the Department of Biology and Marine
Sciences plans to initiate a continuing study of this habitat to
determine the ecological relationship. Concurrently, a similar
habitat on the east side of the bay that is not protected from man's
encroachment will be studied in comparative detail to determine
the effects of pollution. It is anticipated that the program will
serve as a training program for graduate students in the field of
marine biology.
An initial 12-month program is proposed that has the follow-
ing objectives: 1. A physical, chemical, and biological inventory
of the two bayous adequate to provide an understanding of the re-
sident plant and animal communities; and, 2. An analysis of
migratory fauna and their 'input' into the ecosystem; and, 3. A
periodic surveillance project will monitor the water, bottom
deposits and biota for pesticide residues. (These are anticipated
because of the routine use of these chemicals in the drainage
basin).
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Commerce - N.O.A.A.
1.0134, UPPER ST. JOHNS RIVER BASIN WATER
QUALITY, FLORIDA
D.A. GOOLSBY, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey,
Tallahassee, Florida 32304
This research is part of the program of water resources in-
vestigations conducted by the U. S. Geological Survey in coopera-
tion with State and local agencies in Florida and the Corps of En-
gineers.
Purpose: To determine the types and sources of contami-
nants in waters of the upper St. Johns River basin as an aid in
evaluation of water management proposals.
Methods: Seasonal sampling, with concurrent measurement
of discharge, is proposed for about 20 sites in the basin and
specific conductivity profiles along main stream and tributaries
run to determine sources of contamination. Field and laboratory
determinations will be made and besides the customary deter-
minations of common minerals will include dissolved oxygen, pH,
nutrients, pesticides and trace elements.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Geological Survey
1.0135, RURAL RUNOFF CONTROL
D. W. HILL, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Federal Water Quality Ad-
min., Athens, Georgia 30601
This research is designed to evaluate the contribution of rural
runoff to pesticide and primary nutrient concentrations found in
natural watercourses. Many phenomena are being investigated in
detail, such as: adsorption mechanisms, degrees of reversibility,
thermodynamic parameters, and the nature of the ionic equilibria
between the paniculate phase and classes of pesticides. More
general interrelationships will be studied in the field including
such phenomena as types and amounts of agricultural chemicals
carried in surface runoff, in solution or adsorbed on different
materials in the paniculate phase; those that are mobile in inter-
flow, and an estimate of the total amount received in the water-
course from other than surface runoff. An overall computer pro-
gram will be constructed to incorporate those relationships that
appear amenable to calculation. In some cases the findings out-
lined above will be incorporated in detail whereas other relation-
ships may be grossly simplified in an effort to emphasize those
phenomena which are relatively important in contributing to
water pollution by rural runoff and to de-emphasize those which
are relatively insignificant. Control recommendations and
methodology will result from this research.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - F. Wtr. Qua. Adm.
1.0136, DEVELOP EFFECTIVE TREATMENT METHODS
FOR HARD PESTIDICIDES
UNKNOWN, U.S. Environ. Protection Agcy., Athens Laborato-
ry, Athens, Georgia 30601
No summary has been provided to the Science Information
Exchange.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Environ. Protect. Agency - O.O.W.P.
1.0137, FLUORESCENT PROBES IN THE DEVELOP-
MENT OF NEW ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR WATER
POLLUTION
CM. HIMEL, Univ. of Georgia, School of Agriculture, Athens,
Georgia 30601
Description: The primary aim of this project is to develop the
enzyme-probe method widely used in the study of enzyme reac-
tions for the detection of organophosphorous and carbamate
pesticides.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Environ. Protect. Agency - O.O.W.P.
1.0138, RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN PESTICIDES AND
GEORGIA FARM POND ECOSYSTEMS
M.T. HUISH, Univ. of Georgia, Agricultural Experiment Sta.,
Athens, Georgia 30601 (GEO00392)
OBJECTIVE: Study is to provide answers to problems of the
relationship of pesticides and farm pond ecosystems.
APPROACH: Most of Georgia's farm ponds are constructed
on piedmont clay or sand. These two major soil types will be em-
ployed in the experimental design which will test Dieldrin and
Lindane. Known concentrations of the pesticides will be in-
troduced into fiberglass containers and the resulting concentra-
tions in the two soil types, of flowing and nonflowing water
systems, as well as concentrations contained in fishes and plants
will be determined by use of gas chromatographic methods.
PROGRESS: During the report period the results of the first
phase of the project were compiled in the form of a PhD thesis,
•Magnitude and Distribution of Insecticide Residues in Artificial
Ecosystems and in a Farm Pond', by Wendell Joseph Lorio. The
study will continue with another student, and will consist of pesti-
cide applications to additional series of aquatic systems The
previous work on this project consisted of annlvi ,syslems: 'ne
(Lindane and Dieldrin) to three series of an,'8 Pesucldes,
.... i j j i f •• ••*•«*•» \ji **t|U3uc systems cdcn 01
which included twelve rorty-hter containers having selected soils,
1-28
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1. PESTICIDE RESIDUES AND AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS
aquatic plants and fish. Water was static in 50% of the systems
and flowing in the others. The pesticides were introduced at con-
centrations sublethal to the fish used. Samples of each component
of the systems (fish, plant, soil and water) were taken. These were
then subjected to standard extractive techniques to recover the
Lindane and Dieldrin residues. Gas chromatographic methods
were employed.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - C.S.R.S.
1.0139, TOXAPHENE CONTAMINATION - ESTUARINE
ECOLOGY
RJ. REIMOLD, Univ. of Georgia, Marine Institute, Sapelo Island,
Georgia 31327
Recent pilot studies conducted by the University of Georgia
Marine Institute revealed a potential pollution problem related to
the release of toxaphene into estuarine waters and sediments. The
data revealed toxaphene concentrations of approximately 1.07
ppm in the estuarine water and 4,700 ppm in sediments about
one-quarter mile from the effluent outfall. The research work is
designed to consider the extent (quantity and quality) of this
work contaminant in the sediments, water and biota. Attention
also is focused on the concentration process in the sediments and
its potential relationship to biological and geochemical processes.
Concern is also directed to the toxaphene concentration in the
estuarine sediments related to biological or chemical degradation.
Studies are also being conducted to look at the transportation of
the contaminant through the estuaries, and methods of rendering
the existing effluent and sediments nontoxic.
Field studies focus on the randomly selected collection sites
in the potentially contaminated area compared with samples col-
lected from an undisturbed and thoroughly studied salt marsh
watershed adjacent to Sapelo Island, Georgia. This newly
discovered site of pesticide concentration within the estuarine
ecosystem will become a problem of great public concern with
time. The research considered herein will attempt to identify the
significance of toxaphene contamination in the total estuarine
ecosystem and its potential roles of limitation of seafood produc-
tion as well as changes induced on the estuary due to its potential
toxic effects.
SUPPORTED BY Hercules Incorporated - Wilmington, Del.
1.0140, A STUDY PROGRAM TO IDENTIFY PROBLEMS
RELATED TO OCEANIC ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY -
NORTH ATLANTIC
D.W. MENZEL, Skidaway Inst. of Oceanograph., Savannah,
Georgia 31406
This project to identify the major problems of man's con-
tamination of the oceans will be carried out in two parts: (1) Sam-
ples of the ocean environment including zooplankton, fishes
(migratory and non-migratory), benthic organisms sediments, sea
water, surface slicks, and airborne material will be analyzed for
pollutants (heavy metals, transition metals, pesticides, and
petroleum derived hydrocarbons). (2) Following completion of
the above program, a study group will be convened in Woods
Hole to discuss the results and to interpret them. The final
product will be the planning document for a full-scale research
program in the Environmental Quality of the North Atlantic
Ocean. Skidaway Institute of Oceanography will have primary
responsibility for analysis of benthic organisms, zooplankton and
sediments for heavy metal concentration. The Institute will play a
leading role in the Part II Study. Dr. Menzel will be responsible
for the overall management of the program.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. National Science Foundation
1.0141, SOILS, PESTICIDES AND THE QUALITY OF
WATER
G.C. LEWIS, Univ. of Idaho, Agricultural Experiment Sta.,
Moscow, Idaho 83843 (IDA00516)
OBJECTIVE: Identify and characterize the physical-chemi-
cal properties of the pesticide-soil-water system which are per-
tinent to pesticide transport through the soil in infiltrating water,
and pesticide desorption from eroded soil into surface water.
Identify the principal degradation products and determine the
mechanisms and kinetics of pesticide transformations in soil-
water systems.
APPROACH: Adsorption-desorption equilibria of or-
ganophosphate pesticides in relation to the chemical properties of
soils will be studied. The effect of various soil constituents on the
degradation of the pesticides will be investigated. Decomposition
studies will be carried out in sterile and non-sterile soil systems;
degradation rates and end products will be determined.
PROGRESS: The adsorption isotherm of Di-Syston onto a
southern Idaho soil (Portneuf Silt Loam) was determined. An S-
shaped isotherm was obtained. A gas chromatographic technique
was developed to separate and detect Di-Syston and its related
compounds. Di-Syston, Di-Syston sulfone, and Systox (both
isomers) were separated and detected at one temperature setting,
while Di-Syston sulfoxide, Systox sulfoxide (both isomers),
monoethyl phosphate, and diethyl phosphate were separated and
detected at a different temperature setting. With the development
of separation techniques it was possible to follow the rate of
degradation of Di-Syston and its metabolites in the soil and deter-
mine whether degradation products of significance were formed.
The degradation of the Di-Syston in the Portneuf soil was found
to follow first-order kinetics and 50% of the added amount was
degraded in 6.5 days under the conditions of optimum moisture
and temperature. The most notable metabolites were Di-Syston
sulfone and sulfoxide. The sulfone persisted for over 69 days
while the parent Di-Syston was negligible after about 32 days.
This indicated that the breakdown of Di-Syston sulfone was
probably the rate limiting step in the conversion of Di- Syston to
nontoxic products. The presence and persistence of the sulfone
may be quite significant as the sulfone is probably more toxic than
its parent compound, Di-Syston. Thus, the total tpxicity may not
have decreased in direct proportion to Di-Syston disappearance.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - C.S.R.S.
1.0142, STUDY OF METHODS FOR REDUCING WATER
POLLUTION FROM STORM SEWER AND COMBINATION
DISCHARGES THROUGH DEFINED PUBLIC WORKS
PRACTICES
R.H. SULLIVAN, Amer. Public Works Assn., Chicago, Illinois
60637
Pollution of storm water in urban areas is a result of contact
with features which can be controlled to some degree by man.
This study is designed to identify the relative importance of fea-
tures which may contribute to the pollution such as litter, air pol-
lution, chemicals used for control of ice and snow, and pesticides.
In addition operation and maintenance practices for combined
sewer systems will be investigated to determine means of reducing
pollution from overflow.
Public Works practices will be reviewed and procedures out-
lined which would affect a reduction in storm water pollution.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Environ. Protect. Agency - O.O.W.P.
1.0143, PESTICIDE MONITORING PROGRAM LAKE
MICHIGAN
B.J. LELAND, State Dept. of Pub. Instruct., Springfield, Illinois
62706
A pesticide monitoring project involving Lake Michigan and
tributaries in Illinois is proposed as part of the Four State En-
forcement Conference. The prime objective is to determine
whether substantial amounts of persistent chlorinated hydrocar-
bon insecticides are reaching the Lake. A second objective is to
evaluate present levels of residue in sediments and in organisms
representing the aquatic food- chain.
Since herbivorous organisms within streams consume large
quantities of periphyton and since persistent insecticides are cu-
mulative, the levels found within periphyton (algae) to a large ex-
tent determine the levels found in organisms higher in the food
chain. Fresh-water mussels may be useful detectors of slug
discharges. They are practically immobile organisms which pump
large volumes of water and feed upon the paniculate matter.
Minor changes as well as major changes within different sections
of the stream would be revealed in body tissue of the clams. An
evaluation of levels of insecticides found within sediments is part
1-29
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1. PESTICIDE RESIDUES AND AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS
of the monitoring program. Insecticide analyses will be performed
on the whole bodies offish native to the location.
All sampling will be in the eastern portion of Lake County, Il-
linois and along the shore line of Lake Michigan in Lake County.
Analyses will be made in the Diagnostic Laboratory of the Illinois
Department of Public Health at Chicago.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Environ. Protect. Agency - O.O.W.P.
1.0144, THE FATE OF SELECT PESTICIDES IN THE
AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT
G. SPRVGEL, State Natural History Survey, Urbana, Illinois
61801
Description: 1. To conduct laboratory and field investiga-
tions with methoxychlor, diazinon, and furadan to analyze the
long - and short - term subtle, direct, and chain reaction responses
of these pesticides on the living and nonliving constituents of the
aquatic environment. 2. To develop and improve analytical and
biological techniques and methodology essential to investigations
on the disposition and fate of pesticides in the aquatic environ-
ment.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Environ. Protect. Agency O.O.W.P
1.0145, COMPARATIVE EFFECTS OF WEED COMPETI-
TION, HERBICIDES AND OTHER WEED CONTROL PRAC-
TICES ON PLANT RESPONSE
E.L. KNAKE, Univ. of Illinois, Agricultural Experiment Sta., Ur-
bana, Illinois 61801 (ILLU-15-0364)
OBJECTIVE: Study plant response to herbicides; develop
weed control systems adapted to the soils, crops and climate and
specific weed problems of Illinois; develop weed control methods
that will improve environmental quality for both desirable plants
and humans.
APPROACH: Individual crop and weed response to herbi-
cide placement in the soil will be studied. Since some weeds are
more sensitive through shoot adsorption than root adsorption or
vice versa, better control methods could result from studies on
herbicide placement. New chemicals and chemical combinations
will be evaluated for their performance in preplant, preemer-
gence and postemergence weed control systems. Combinations of
cropping systems, chemicals and cultivation will be used to
develop control measures for nutsedge, climbing milkweed, com-
mon milkweed and wirestem muhly. Weed control methods will
be developed that will minimize the potential for surface runoff of
herbicides (minimum tillage) into water supplies.
PROGRESS: Greenhouse studies, to determine the extent to
which morphological differences between plant species may serve
as a basis for herbicide selectivity, will compare two grass species,
Avena saliva with an elongating mesocotyl and Triticum vulgare
without same. Field studies include the delineation of specific
herbicide rates needed for control of specific weed species. Her-
bicide combinations with various ratios have been evaluated to
improve consistency of performance and spectrum of control.
Propachlor plus atrazine at 3 plus 1.6 Ibs/A for surface applica-
tion and butylate plus atrazine at 3 plus 1 Ib/A preplant incor-
porated have been the two outstanding combinations for soil with
3 to 7 percent organic matter. Studies with low volume applica-
tion equipment indicate feasibility for both liquid and wettable
powder formulations. Calibration is more difficult than with con-
ventional pressure systems. Evaluation of 13 granular formula-
tions suggests considerable commercial potential for propachlor
plus atrazine and alachlor plus atrazine. Use of herbicides for con-
trolling vegetation in no-till systems indicates the feasibility of
paraquat plus atrazine to kill fescue sod, but the need for trans-
located herbicides (2,4-D or dicamba) to control alfalfa.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - C.S.R.S.
1.0146, RESEARCH INITIATION - FATE OF SELECTED
ORGANOPHOSPHATE AND CARBAMATE INSECTICIDES
IN SURFACE WATERS
H.y. LELAND, Univ. of Illinois, School of Engineering, Urbana,
Illinois 61801
The objective of this study is to evaluate ecological effects as-
sociated with the use of several insecticides currently recom-
mended as suitable replacements for the more persistent
chlorinated hydrocarbon compounds. The degree of persistence
and biological concentration of selected organophosphate and
carbamate residues in water will be determined at experimental
inpoundments. Known amounts of insecticides will be applied
under normal operating conditions at prescibed application rates.
The toxicity of stable residues to vertebrate and invertebrate
aquatic species will be determined by continuous-flow bioassays.
Pathways of degradation and persistence of metabolites in these
species will be examined using radiolabelled insecticides. Hetero-
cylic compounds are ring-labelled to permit concurrent evalua-
tions of the pathways of metabolism of the insecticide and the sta-
ble products of hydrolysis. This project will assist in the develop-
ment of sound practices relating to the use of insecticides near
lakes and streams and will assist in the establishment of water
quality criteria for these insecticides.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. National Science Foundation
1.0147, GREAT LAKES PESTICIDE MONITORING PRO-
GRAM, INDIANA
L.R. CARTER, State Board of Health, Indianapolis, Indiana
46207
Description: To determine the amount of pesticide usage, the
concentrations of pesticides in receiving waters, and fish and
other aquatic life.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Environ. Protect. Agency - O.O.W.P.
1.0148, THE FACTOR CONTROLLING THE DYNAMICS
OF NON-IONIC SYNTHETIC ORGANIC CHEMICALS IN
AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS
J.L. HAMELINK, Purdue University, School of Agriculture,
Lafayette, Indiana 47907
Project objectives include: 1) Evaluation of non-ionic
synthetic organic chemicals (NISOC) to intact and suspended
lake sediments in water; 2) Evaluation of the desorption of
NISOC's from intact and suspended lake sediments into water; 3)
Evaluation of the influence of increasing organic matter content
in the sediments has on persistence and recycling of NISOC's; 4)
Evaluation of the influence of increasing organic matter content
in the water has on persistence, biological magnification and
recycling of NISOC's in lentic environments; 5) Initiate develop-
ment of an evaluation procedure to be used for defining water
quality standards governing NISOC's; 6) Development of
economically feasible practices or treatments to reduce NISOC
residue levels in contaminated lentic environments; and 7)
Evaluation and comparison of the persistence of brominated and
chlorinated NISOC's in lentic environments.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - O. Wtr. Res. Ren.
1.0149, LIMNOLOGICAL FACTORS AFFECTING PESTI-
CIDE RESIDUES IN SURFACE WATERS
D.B, MCDONALD, Univ. of Iowa, School of Engineering, Iowa
City, Iowa 52240
Studies will be conducted to determine the relationship
between runoff, plankton blooms and other chemical and biologi-
cal factors on the concentration of various chlorinated hydrocar-
bon pesticides in the Coralville Reservoir and Iowa River, Iowa.
Additional studies will be conducted to determine the role of
various aquatic organisms in the uptake and concentration of
these pesticides.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - O. Wtr. Res. Rch.
l'°»5,0»™PESTICIDE RESIDU£S IN KANSAS STREAMS
KHARTMANN, State Forest. Fish & Game Com., Pratt, Kansas
PS Objective: To determine the extent of accumulation of
ent in some °rganisms and sub-
1-30
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1. PESTICIDE RESIDUES AND AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS
Procedures: 1) Eight primary and 11 secondary pesticide
sampling sites will be established. The primary stations will sam-
ple over 90 percent of the drainage area of the state. The secon-
dary sites will provide additional information on potential sources
of pesticide contamination. 2) All sites will be sampled twice
yearly for two years. Sampling periods will be May 1 to June 15
and August 10 to September 10. Fish collected in late April and
May 1971, in conjunction with a mercury study (state activity)
have been stored and will constitute the Spring 1971 sample for
the present study. Most samples for the mercury testing were
taken from sites chosen for this study. 3.) The following
specimens will be collected: a) A composite sample of five adult,
uniform size carp, b) A composite sample of five adult, uniform
size channel catfish, c) A composite sample of five other
pisciverous fish will be collected if either carp or catfish are not
obtainable, d) A composite sample of five large bivalves, e) A
one-quart sample of bottom mud. f) A 500 ml water sample,
mixed with 25 ml 2,2,4-trimethyl pentane, will be stored pending
analysis of other samples. 4) All fish will be collected by netting
or shocking; composite sample size will not exceed 15 pounds.
Bottom samples will be obtained with an Ekman dudge. Bivalve
collection methodology will be determined by the collection at
the site. 5) Fish samples will be weighed, measured and scales or
spines collected for age determination. Composite groups will be
wrapped in aluminum foil, labeled and frozen as rapidly as possi-
ble. 5) Standard laboratory techniques (principally gas
chromotography) will be used to determine residual levels of
DDT, DDE, DDD, Aldrin, Dieldrin, Endrin, Heptachlor, Epox-
ide, Toxaphene, Chlordane, Lindane, BHC, and PCB's in the
chlorinated hvdrocarbon groups and silves, 2,4,D and 2,4,5-T
phenoxy hertnodes.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior Bu, Sport Fish.
1.0151, DETECTION AND IDENTIFICATION OF
MOLECULAR WATER POLLUTANTS BY LASER RAMAN
SPECTROSCOPY
E.B. BRADLEY, Univ. of Kentucky, Water Resources Institute,
Lexington, Kentucky 40506
The proposed research is a study of the application of laser
Raman spectroscopy in the detection and identification of
molecular water pollutants. The primary advantages in such an
approach are (I) laser Raman spectroscopy offers a direct
method of detection and identification of molecules in water solu-
tion or suspension, and (2) the ability to detect and identify high-
molecular-weight pollutants.
Laboratory and field investigations will include the following:
(a) preparation of standard samples of various industrial and
agricultural molecular water pollutants to which Raman spec-
troscopy is uniquely applicable, (b) use to standard samples to
establish levels of detectability, sensitivity limits, and numbers of
compounds in representative polluted water samples from indus-
trial effluents that can feasibly be detected and identified by laser
Raman spectroscopy at one time without separation techniques,
(c) construction and testing of internal-beam-condensing cells,
multiple-entrance cells, and laser- cavity cells, (d) sensititivity
enhancement of Raman spectra by beam ratioing, (e) develop-
ment of a catalog of standardized Raman spectra of a wide variety
of water-soluble industrial waste products divided into the follow-
ing categories: 1. organic pesticides, 2. petroleum products, 3. de-
tergents, 4. inorganics.
The data will be employed to develop practical applications
of laser Raman spectroscopy for the extension of analytical
techniques of molecular identification outside the normal capa-
bility of GLC and mass spectroscopy.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - O. Wtr. Res. Rch.
1.0152, GEOGRAPHIC ATLAS OF PESTICIDE OCCUR-
RENCE IN THE BARATARIA BAY-MISSISSIPPI DELTA
T.E. SHELLENBERGER, Gulf South Research Institute, Baton
Rouge, Louisiana
A pesticides monitoring program will be established in order
to determine the environmental occurrence and levels of various
pesticides in the Barataria Bay-Mississippi Delta region. Results
of this study are necessary to assess the effects of man on the en-
vironment since many pesticides may be detrimental to the
reproduction and survival of some species and excess pesticide
residues in commercial species may be hazardous to man.
Samples consisting of water, mud, invertebrate filter feeders,
crab, and a predator fish will be obtained periodically from 10-20
samples sites for subsequent residue analysis using gas-liquid
chromatographic techniques. Analysis for organochlorine pesti-
cides will be emphasized initially since these materials are
generally more stable in the environment and more apt to be seen
in samples of these study.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. National Science Foundation
1.0153, ENZYMES FOR ANALYSIS AND PURIFICATION
OF SALINE WATER SYSTEMS
G.G. GUILBAULT, Louisiana State University, Graduate School,
New Orleans, Louisiana 70122
Research will be conducted on (1) the use of enzymes
systems for determination of inorganic and organic pollutants in
saline water and (2) purification of water by selective enzymatic
degradation of toxic materials. The approach involves the in-
vestigation by means of electrical and fluorimetric techniques, of
a number of enzyme systems for analysis of impurities such as
heavy metals, hydrocarbons, phenols and pesticides. In another
phase of the work, the efficiency of enzymatic conversion of
amines, acids, alcohols and hydrocarbons will be investigated.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior Off. Saline Water
1.0154, POLLUTION LOADS IN RUNOFF FROM SMALL
AGRICULTURAL WATERSHEDS
W.F. SCHWIESOW, Univ. of Maryland, School of Agriculture,
College Park, Maryland 20742
A gaging station and automatic sampler are to be installed at
the discharge point of a small agricultural watershed. The
watershed to be selected should be between two and twenty acres
in size. A larger area may be used if other factors make it impossi-
ble to locate a suitable watershed having less than twenty acres.
Flow rate and volume will be determined by use of a weir type
gaging station. Samples will be drawn at three different elevations
by use of a float regulated sampling pipe. Samples will be pumped
into containers that are stored within a refrigerator located at the
gaging station. Analyses will be made to determine the quantity of
major plant nutrients and selected pesticides and herbicides in the
runoff water.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior O. Wtr. Res. Rch.
1.0155, EFFECTS OF CHEMICAL IMPURITIES IN
WATER DISINFECTION BY HALOGENS
T.H. FENG, Univ. of Massachusetts, School of Engineering, Am-
herst, Massachusetts 01002 (DA-49-193-MD-3036)
Objective: To investigate (a) the effect of chemical impuri-
ties on the bactericidal activities of halogens in aqueous solutions
and (b) the odor and taste produced in the process of halogena-
tion.
Approach - Calcium, Iron, Phosphate, and one surface active
agent will be the chemical impurities to be investigated in the ini-
tial phase of the study. E. coli will be used as the test organisms.
Temperature will be maintained at 25 degrees C, and pH con-
trolled at 5, 7, and 9. Halogens to be used will be chlorine,
bromine and iodine. Odor and taste determinations will be made
in parallel with the disinfection experiments.
Progress - During this period studies have been of a fourfold
nature. In the first place the disinfection efficacy of free chlorine
residual alone in water has been established in connection with
exposure conditions of temperature, contact time, dosages and
pH which would afford reproducible and significant experimenta-
tion with chemical additives. Secondly, similar experiments have
been initiated with free bromine residual. Thirdly, the effects of
calcium bicarbonate on the disinfection efficacy of free chlorine
residual have been investigated. Lastly the taste threshold con-
centration of free chlorine residual in water at pH 5.0,7.0 and 9.0
has been studied. The basic depth kinetics of escherichia coli
under specified conditions using free chlorine residual, and to a
1-31
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1. PESTICIDE RESIDUES AND AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS
lesser extent free bromine residual, as the disinfectants, have been
established. Calcium bicarbonate, at a concentration of 610 milli-
grams per liter as calcium carbonate, was found to affect the bac-
terial cell resistance to, and the disinfecting properties of free
chlorine residual in the destruction of E. coli cells.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Defense Army
1.0156, PESTICIDE MONITORING PROGRAM
R.A. ISAAC, State Div. of Fisheries & Game, Westboro, Mas-
sachusetts
This project will investigate pesticide monitoring techniques
and demonstrate for the benefit of division personnel the use of
specialized analytical methods for determination of hydrocarbon
concentration in the aquatic environment.
Specifically the project will: (1) Continue an on-going moni-
toring program (on a reduced scale) for the major watersheds of
the Commonwealth. (2) Investigate the use of fresh-water mus-
sels as indicator organisms. (3) Investigate the use of carbon ad-
sorption columns at automatic monitoring stations. (4) Demon-
strate use of gas chromatography and infrared spec-
trophotometry.
SUPPORTED BY Massachusetts State Government
1.0157, MASSACHUSETTS PESTICIDE MONITORING
STUDY
W.A. TOMPKINS, State Div. of Fisheries & Game, Westboro,
Massachusetts
The objective of the project is to define the pesticide pollu-
tants on the major watersheds of the State of Massachusetts
through the operation of 100 monitoring stations which will sam-
ple aquatic organisms for pesticide residues.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Environ. Protect. Agency O.O.W.P.
1.0158, A STUDY PROGRAM TO IDENTIFY PROBLEMS
RELATED TO OCEANIC ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY -
NORTH ATLANTIC
V.T. BOWEN, Woods Hole Oceanographic Inst., Woods Hole,
Massachusetts 02543
This project to identify the major problems of man's con-
tamination of the oceans will be carried out in two parts; (1) Sam-
ples of the ocean environment including zooplankton, fishes
(migratory and non- migratory), benthic organisms sediments,
sea water, surface slicks, and airborne material will be analyzed
for pollutants (heavy metals, transition metals, pesticides, and
petroleum derived hydrocarbons). (2) Following completion of
the above program, a study group will be convened in Woods
Hole to discuss the results and to interpret them. The final
product will be the planning document for a full-scale research
program in the Environmental Quality of the North Atlantic
Ocean. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution will provide the
large ship sampling effort; chemical analyses of pesticides and
petroleum derived hydrocarbons; will ensure intercalibration of
the United States and United Kingdom laboratories; and will host
the study group responsible for interpreting the results of the
baseline study and recommending a course of action for Environ-
mental Quality research in the North Atlantic.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. National Science Foundation
1.0159, ADSORPTION OF PESTICIDES FROM SEA
«•/ A npi^n
G.K. HARVEY, Woods Hole Oceanographic Inst., Woods Hole,
Massachusetts 02543
The proposed work involves adsorption of the dissolved or-
ganic carbon, including chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides, from
sea water onto a cross-linked polystyrene resin (XAD-4) followed
by desorption with an organic solvent. Optimum flow rates, etc.
will be determined. The parameters of pH, temperature and
salinity will be related to the pesticide adsorption process. If
necessary, large volumes of sea water can be examined con-
veniently in this manner by in situ pumping of the water through
the resin. A further advantage of this method is that it will allow
sufficient organic material to be collected so that positive identifi-
cation by spectroscopy will be possible. Also, small losses occur-
ring during concentration and transfers will have minimal effects
on the final calculations.
We intend to test this analytical technique for pesticide
monitoring in salt ponds and cranberry bog effluents.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Environ. Protect. Agency - O.O.W.P.
1.0160, MONITORING OF PESTICIDE LEVELS IN THE
GREAT LAKES
R. RE1NERT, U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Natl. Marine Fisheries
Service, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48107
A monitoring program to measure levels of insecticides in
various species of fishes and water from each of the five Great
Lakes.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Commerce - N.O.A.A.
1.0161, AN ECOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF STREAM
EUTROPfflCATION
R.C. BALL, Michigan State University, Institute of Water
Research, East Lansing, Michigan 48823
The objectives of the research are (1) to develop indicator
indices from analyses of structure and function of selected stream
communities for predicting the short term and long term sig-
nificance of gradual degradation of water quality by human ac-
celerated eutrophication, (2) to obtain sufficient baseline data on
water quality and associated community responses in streams on
watersheds having different degrees of agricultural and urban
drainage to allow for development of systems analysis of aquatic
ecosystems, (3) to evaluate the effects of urbanization on stream
discharge and concurrently, the relationship of stream stability to
the structure of aquatic communities, and (4) to accomplish the
preliminary work for developing adequate techniques for quanti-
fying the esthetic and recreational value of a stream and public at-
titudes toward competing demands on the resource.
Three watersheds on the Lower Peninsula of Michigan have
been selected for exhibiting a graded series in degree of eutrophi-
cation and urbanization. Four intensive study sites, consisting of
from 100 to several hundred meters of contiguous stream, have
been located in these watersheds at points where severe,
moderate, slight and minimal eutrophication is occurring. The
ecosystems of the intensive study sites will be investigated
through analyses of (1) community structure, (2) community
metabolism, (3) indicators of impending degradation, and (4)
water quality. Data concerning these ecosystems will be in-
terpreted in a background of information gathered from the
watersheds concerning (1) nitrogen and phosphorus enrichment,
(2) pesticide contamination, (3) heavy metal concentrations, (4)
stream stability and urbanization, and (5) socioeconomic aspects
of stream degradation.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - O. Wtr. Res. Rch.
1.0162, WATERSHED ANALYSIS RELATING TO
EUTROPHICATION OF LAKE MICHIGAN
M.E. STEPHENSON, Michigan State University, School of En-
gineering, East Lansing, Michigan 48823
The objectives of the project are to (1) establish a storage
and retrieval system of data on water quality and quantity within
the surface system of lakes and streams of a major watershed of
Lake Michigan, the Grand River, and (2) collect and collate ex-
isting data pertaining to the physical, chemical, biological and
socio-economic aspects of the water resources of the basin (3)
JTnTn°hate a CUrrCnt evajuation °f material transport
river sls^',1!1^8611' ™* Carb°n' Pesti<^es, etc.) within the
river system, (4) determine the qualitative and quantitative rela-
t,onsh,ps between waste discharge and receiving stream water
quality on the Grand River system and Lake Michigan andm
carry out a compilation and analysis of land ue polices and
socio-economic develooments a« ™io. -j , pr
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1. PESTICIDE RESIDUES AND AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - O. Wtr. Res. Rch.
1.0163, PESTICIDE MONITORING OF AQUATIC EN-
VIRONMENT, MICHIGAN PORTION OF THE GREAT
LAKES BASIN
CM. FETTEROLF, State Bur. of Water Management, Lansing,
Michigan 48926
Insecticides have been identified as causing problems with
reproduction of gulls and raptorial birds in the Michigan portion
of the Great Lakes Basin, as well as causing reduction hatchery
reproductive success of coho salmon, and by accumulating above
FDA tolerances in fish. Objective of this program is to identify the
levels of pesticides in tributary streams to the Great Lakes from
the State of Michigan, to identify the sources so they may be con-
trolled, and to establish residue backgrounds against which to
judge the success of control programs.
Water samples are collected monthly from the mouths of
major tributaries to the Michigan portions of the Great Lakes and
analyzed by gas chromatography for several insecticides. Fresh-
water mussels are held in cages for 3-4 week periods near the
mouths in the major tributaries and in 60 minor tributaries and
then analyzed for several insecticides. This exposure period per-
mits them to accumulate insecticides to measurable concentra-
tions. Stream sediments are also analyzed periodically. As major
pesticide-contributing water courses are identified, sampling fans
out into the interior to the sources.
Spot sampling is conducted at municipal and industrial
wastewater sources and in addition municipal water supplies are
checked periodically. Similar programs are underway in 111., Ind.,
Minn., and Wise.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Environ. Protect. Agency - O.O.W.P.
Water samples from the four above tributaries and the Duluth
STP will be taken by continuous sampling over a three-day
period. 3. The use of freshwater clams as biological filters seems
to be the logical answer to monitoring pesticide levels in the
smaller tributaries and they will be incorporated into the monitor-
ing program.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Environ. Protect. Agency O.O.W.P.
1.0167, PRESTICIDE INPUTS AND LEVELS IN MIN-
NESOTA WATERS OF THE LAKE SUPERIOR BASIN
T.A. OLSON, Univ. of Minnesota, School of Public Health, Min-
neapolis, Minnesota 55455
The continued use of persistent insecticides in the Great
Lakes System constitutes a potential threat to that Ecosystem and
ultimately to the welfare and well-being of man. One of the first
steps which must be taken if this hazard is to be met and brought
under control is the accurate identification of the sources and
avenues of entry which characterize each pesticide. The proposed
study of Minnesota Waters of Lake Superior will therefore deal
with current pesticide levels in streams along the North Shore of
Lake Superior and is designed to determine the importance of
these streams and their respective watersheds as sources of insec-
ticide pollution. Captive, living fresh- water clams or other suita-
ble organisms, which can take up and store insecticides, will be
employed as concentrators in certain streams. A Water monitor-
ing program which complements the test with living organisms,
will be directed toward the major tributaries and will consist of
samples collected on a scheduled basis, in some instances over a
three day period. The north shore area, with its streams, from Du-
luth to the Canadian boundary, is to be included in the study.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Environ. Protect. Agency - O.O.W.P
1.0164, PESTICIDE MONITORING OF AQUATIC EN-
VIRONMENT, MICHIGAN PORTION OF THE GREAT
LAKES BASIN
CM. FETTEROLF, State Dept. of Nat. Resources, Lansing,
Michigan 48926
Description: To identify the levels of pesticides in tributary
streams to the Great Lakes, to identify the sources so they may be
controlled, and to establish residue backgrounds against which to
judge the success of our control programs.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Environ. Protect. Agency - O.O.W.P
1.0165, PESTICIDE TESTING FOR SETTING STAN-
DARDS
UNKNOWN, U.S. Environ. Protection Agcy., Duluth Laborato-
ry, Duluth, Minnesota 55804
No summary has been provided to the Science Information
Exchange.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Environ. Protect. Agency O.O.W.P.
1.0166, PESTICIDES INPUTS AND LEVELS IN MIN-
NESOTA WATERS OF LAKE SUPERIOR BASIN
T.A. OLSON, State Pollution Control Agency, Minneapolis, Min-
nesota
Description: The Upper Lakes Governors' Conference on
Pesticides in April 1969 stated the recommendations of the Lake
Michigan Enforcement Conference were to be immediately and
fully implemented as well as expanded to include the Minnesota
and Wisconsin drainage basin of Lake Superior and the Michigan
drainage basin of Lakes Superior and Huron. The Minnesota por-
tion of the program will follow the following plan of operation: 1,
Fish samples will be taken three times a year (spring, summer and
fall) for pesticide analysis at three selected locations in the lake
by the Conservation Department and local commercial fisher-
man. Special sampling of both indigenous and anadromous fishes
will be conducted in tributary streams. 2. Water samples will be
taken monthly at the Duluth and Grand Marais water intakes and
mouths of the St. Louis, Beaver, Knife and Brule Rivers. Samples
of the Duluth sewage treatment plants effluent will also be taken.
1.0168, A TISSUE ENZYME ASSAY FOR CHLORINATED
HYDROCARBON INSECTICIDES
L.K. CUTKOMP, Univ. of Minnesota, School of Agriculture,
Saint Paul, Minnesota 55101
The objective is to determine whether the sensitivity of the
ATPase enzyme system in fish can be used to measure toxicity or
adverse effects of chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides in pesti-
cide-polluted waters.
ATPase enzymes have been shown to be sensitive to DDT
and related chemicals, with some metabolites, such as DDA, hav-
ing virtually no effect.
Other chlorinated hydrocarbons, the cyclodienes, also affect
the enzyme system, but in a way which is usually distinguishable
from DDT inhibition. Organophosphate and carbamate insecti-
cides have not been found to effect ATPase significantly.
A secondary objective is to determine which tissues and sub-
cellular fractions are the most sensitive to the compounds. Tissues
being studied are brain, muscle, liver, and kidney. Because DDT,
in particular, shows some different activity due to temperature,
this aspect is also being studied.
Assays for enzyme activity are being carried out on the
bluegill fish and studies will continue on this species which is sen-
sitive to the insecticides, easily reared and collected, and occurs
in rather diverse aquatic environments.
Acute and chronic exposure of the fish will be employed to
relate to the findings of inhibition of the enzyme system.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Environ. Protect. Agency - W.Q.O.
1.0169, MAYFLY DISTRIBUTION AS A WATER QUALI-
TY INDEX
C.R. FREMLING, Winona State College, Undergraduate,
Winona, Minnesota 55987
Description: Adult mayflies are being collected systemati-
cally along the entire Mississippi River. An efficient, reliable,
large-scale collection system was initiated in 1957 and is in con-
tinuous operation. Past and future collections will be analyzed to
determine: (1) geographical distribution of the various species,
(2) times of adult emergence, (3) area of scarcity and abundance,
(4) population trends. Most important, these analyses will deter-
mine the present state of the river as habitat for pollution-sensi-
1-33
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1. PESTICIDE RESIDUES AND AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS
live organisms. These data will provide a basis for comparison,
should the quality of the aquatic habitat change in the future. The
degree to which burrowing mayflies contribute to total tubidity
and to coliform bacteria levels will be determined.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Environ. Protect. Agency - O.O.W.P
1.0170, PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF
SEDIMENTS
L.L. MCDOWELL, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Sedimentation
Laboratory, Oxford, Mississippi 38655 (SWCW1-BE-4)
OBJECTIVE: Extend knowledge of the deleterious and
beneficial physical and chemical attributes of sediments in runoff
waters, in channel deposits, and in impoundments.
APPROACH: Obtain sediment samples for analysis and
evaluation at selected sites in the Lower Mississippi River and
some principal tributaries, in selected channels draining agricul-
tural lands, and in selected reservoirs and impoundments. Factors
involved include dispersion and flocculation tendencies, exposure
to air and sunlight, water depths in reservoirs, age and depth of
submerged sediments, and other environments.
PROGRESS: Analyses for pesticides content of streambed
samples of the Lower Mississippi River and many of its tributaries
taken during 1966 and 1967 generally confirm the findings from
the 1967 sampling and reported in the American Society of
Agronomy Special Publication No. 8, November 1966. Many of
the samples obtained near a manufacturing plant for endrin and
heptachlor, or near the plants of formulators, had measurable
amounts of dieldrin, aldrin, endrin, isodrin, X, Y, chlordane, lin-
dane, and DDT analogs and metabolites. On the other hand, with
only one exception, DDT analogs and metabolites were the only
pesticide residues found that originated from nonindustrial
sources, i.e., municipal and agricultural; and many of these
residues were found at concentrations less that 0.05 ppm. Of 125
samples collected in 1966 from tributary streams in Mississippi,
Arkansas, and Louisiana, half had no measurable pesticides, a
third contained measurable DDT or its associates only, and a sixth
had additional pesticides. Improvements in analysis techniques
have resulted in the detection of chemicals not previously found,
and in the detection of all at lower levels of concentration. But,
the principal conclusion of the 1964 sampling program still holds.
That is, that the large quantities of pesticides previously applied
to crops in the Mississippi Delta have not created widespread, de-
tectable contamination of streambed materials. This is not to say
that no contamination was found.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture A.R.S. - S.W.C
1.0171, DEVELOP IN-HOUSE CAPABILITY IN WATER
QUALITY TECHNIQUES FOR ANALYSES OF HEAVY
METALS, BACTERIA, AND PESTICIDE RESIDUES
C.F. DEKRINGTON, U.S. Army, Corps of Engineers, Vicksburg,
Mississippi
Technical Objective: The purpose of this program is to
develop an in-house capability for analyzing water samples and
related materials for pollutants such as heavy metals, bacteria,
and pesticides. Optimum parameters will be developed or deter-
mined for the analysis of these pollutants. The program will pro-
vide the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers with the badly needed
capability of analyzing water samples to determine what pollu-
tants are present and their respective concentrations.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Defense Army
1.0172, SERVICES FOR THE QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS
OF PESTICIDES IN SEAWATER AND BIOLOGICAL SAM-
PLES
J.P. USSARY, Analytical Biochemistry Labs., Columbia, Missouri
(68-01-0122)
Description: The purpose of this contract is to determine the
performance of quantitative analyses of certain pesticides in sea-
water and in biological materials. This effort is in support of a
developing program in the definition of water quality criteria in
marine systems.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Environ. Protect. Agency - O.O.W.P.
1.0173, DEVELOPMENT OF FIELD METHODS IN SAM-
PLING WATER FOR PESTICIDE ANALYSIS
D.L. STALLING, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bur. of Sport Fish. &
Wildlife, Columbia, Missouri 65201
The use of plastic films, gel permeation materials (LH-20),
and immobilized liquid phases to separate and concentrate low
levels of pesticides from water will be studied. Polyethylene films
and solvent filled plastic bags have demonstrated an ability to
concentrate organochlorine pesticides from dilute water solu-
tions. Various types of plastics will be evaluated. Concentration
ratios, equilibration times, and uptake rates will be compared.
Concentration of pesticides by partition using water flow through
immobilized liquid phases and organic gel permeation resins show
promise as simple sampling methods. Extraction with solvents
denser than water will also simplify separation of pesticide from
water.
Definition of the selectivity and general applicability of each
approach will be important factors in selecting techniques for
field use.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
1.0174, PREPARATION OF CHLORINE-36 LABELED OR-
GANOCHLORINE PESTICDDES AND RELATED COM-
POUNDS (PCB'S)
D.L. STALLING, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bur. of Sport Fish. &
Wildlife, Columbia, Missouri 65201
The use of radio-labeled materials greatly facilitates the
determination of residue levels in acquatic organisms resulting
from exposure to chlorinated pesticides or other multiple com-
ponent materials such as polychlorinated biphenyls. Non-radioac-
tive chlorinated materials will be exposed to a flux of thermal
neutrons to produce radioactive chlorine-36 labeled compounds.
Other short-lived byproducts will be allowed to decay and impuri-
ties resulting from radiation damage will be removed by chro-
matography.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior Bu. Sport Fish.
1.0175, DEVELOPMENT OF ANALYTICAL METHODS
FOR SELECTED HERBICIDES
R.C. TINDLE, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bur. of Sport Fish. &
Wildlife, Columbia, Missouri 65201
The purpose of this work unit is to survey the literature for
possible methods for use with selected herbicides; and to evaluate
any method which seems to show promise. The evaluation
process will also include the development of modifications when
necessary. Radioactive pesticides will be used when available.
When possible, GLC will be used for the analytical deter-
mination, and, consequently, it will be necessary to form deriva-
tives of some of the compounds. Possible derivatives will be
prepared on the macro scale for evaluation and for direct
preparation of standard solutions.
Reports will be in the form of stepwise procedures for inclu-
sion in the Residue Analysis Handbook. In addition, if the
developed method represents a sufficiently new technique, a
manuscript for publication will be prepared.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
™»W™™ ™E 'HANDBOOK OF PROCEDURES
FOR PESTICIDE RESIDUE ANALYSIS' - METHODOI OGY
IN CHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND SAMPLING
^J/Nr^' ^S'.?ept- °f the Interior' Bur' of sP°rt Rsh. &
Wildlife, Columbia, Missouri 6520 1
The objective of this work unit is to bring together anv
material necessary to update the existing 'Handbook' Periodic
updating ,s necessary so that the 'Handbook' will reflect the cur
rent 'state-of-the- art' in residue analysis.
1-34
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1. PESTICIDE RESIDUES AND AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
1.0177, THE EFFECTS OF HERBICIDES, PESTICIDES,
AND FERTILIZERS ON THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF
WATER
M.R. QUERRY, Univ. of Missouri, Water Resources Research
Ctr., Columbia, Missouri 65201
A study is proposed to determine the effects of herbicides,
pesticides, and fertilizers on water's capacity to reflect and absorb
electromagnetic radiant flux.
The objectives of the project are: (1) The measurement of
the reflectance and transmittance of water solutions of herbi-
cides, pesticides and fertilizers with infrared radiant flux. (2) The
computation of the optical constants, i.e. the index of refraction
and the extinction coefficient from the reflectance and trans-
mittance data. (3) The computation of the absorptance and
reflectance of radiant energy for these solutions, and to relate
these results to possible long range changes in the thermodynamic
equilibrium of rivers, lakes, and coastal waters. (4) The further
study of the intermolecular interaction of solutes with the water
substance.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - O. Wtr. Res. Rch.
1.0178, LOSSES OF FERTILIZERS AND PESTICIDES IN
RUNOFF EROSION
G.E. SMITH, Univ. of Missouri, School of Agriculture, Columbia,
Missouri 65201
Description: This study proposes to analyze the runoff and
sediments removed from 31 soil erosion plots (on midwest
claypan research farm, near McCredie, Missouri). Variables are,
rates of fertilizer application (nitrogen and phosphorus), pesti-
cides, tillage practices and cropping systems.
This study will make analyses of the runoff water and sedi-
ments and will determine the amount of nutrients and pesticides
lost to surface water and penetrating through the soil profile. Stu-
dies will also be made of the nitrogen and phosphate contents of
water entering three reservoirs in farming areas. Analyses of
water samples will show retention in the reservoir and the quanti-
ty that eventually enters streams below the impoundments.
Soils differ widely in properties. These results will provide ac-
curate information on the effects and fate of fertilizers and pesti-
cides applied to claypan soils that represent about 5 million acres
of cropland in the mid-continent states. This type of information
on a number of soil types is essential before an accurate assess-
ment of different farm practices on water pollution can be made.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Environ. Protect. Agency O.O.W.P.
1.0179, FERTILIZERS AND SEDIMENTS AS WATER
POLLUTANTS
G.E. SMITH, Univ. of Missouri, Agricultural Experiment Sta.,
Columbia, Missouri 65201 (MO-00376)
OBJECTIVE: Determine fate of nitrogen and phosphate fer-
tilizers, (and sediment) from the major soils of Missouri under
clean cultivation and vegetative cover. Make analyses for
nitrogen and phosphorus compounds in the runoff and sediment
from erosion plots-McCredie Station.
APPROACH: Nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers will be ap-
plied to major soils of the state. A rainfall simulator will apply
precipitation to plot areas. Analyses of runoff, sediment and soil
cores (untreated soil, and collected 24 hours and one year after
water application) will show the fate of N and P. New studies are
being initiated on the erosion plots at the McCredie Station by
USDA-ARS where tillage, fertilizer treatments and cropping
systems are variables. Laboratory analyses will be made of the ru-
noff and sediment for nitrogen, phosphorus and pesticides com-
pounds.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - C.S.R.S.
1.0180, RAPID DETECTION OF TOXIC MATERIALS IN
WATER
L. GOODSON, Midwest Research Institute, Kansas City, Missouri
64110
Description: To design, develop, fabricate, demonstrate and
evaluate an automatic water monitoring device which will provide
a warning signal in response to the presence of organophosphates
in watercourses.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Environ. Protect. Agency - O.O.W.P.
1.0181, SORPTION AND DESORPTION OF
CHLORINATED HYDROCARBON PESTICIDES IN
AQUATIC SEDIMENT MINERALS
J.C. HUANG, Univ. of Missouri, School of Engineering, Rolla,
Missouri 65401
The purpose of this research project is to investigate the
sorption and desorption reactions of selected chlorinated
hydrocarbon pesticides with clay minerals in laboratory-con-
trolled environmental systems. Particular emphasis will be placed
on ascertaining the effect of organic matter on the behavior of
sorption and desorption and determining the influence exerted by
selected other environmental stresses, including pH, temperature
and salt concentration of the water.
Pesticide selected for this study include DDT, dieldrin and
heptachlor, and clay minerals selected are kaolinite, montmoril-
lonite and Ulite. Laboratory investigations will include the follow-
ing studies: (a) Batch and column studies to evaluate the effect of
organic matter on the sorption and desorption reactions, and (b)
Aquatic model studies conducted under rigidly controlled condi-
tions to ascertain the effect of other environmental factors on the
sorption and desorption reactions.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - O. Wtr. Res. Rch.
1.0182, GROUND AND SURFACE WATERS - POLLU-
TION
A.J. KAPLOVSKY, Princeton University, Agricultural Experi-
ment Sta., Princeton, New Jersey 08540 (NJ00527)
OBJECTIVE: Development of analytical methods for detect-
ing pesticides, herbicides and phenols in water; determine
presence and morphological, cultural, physiological and chemical
characteristics of populations of bacteria in polluted waters; en-
vironmental factors affecting bacterial pollution of well waters
and stream self- purification; factors affecting efficiency of septic
tank operations.
APPROACH: Current analytical methods will be modified,
tested and used in analyses of representative samples of potable
waters. Model systems will be developed for laboratory studies of
bacteria appearing in polluted water. Effectiveness of various
diatomaceous materials for removing bacteria from polluted
water will be evaluated in relation to flow. The relative rates of
oxidation of organic particles of varying sizes will be determined.
Septic tank efficiency work will relate effluent characteristics to
soil characteristics.
PROGRESS: Runoff from crop raising areas was primary
source of nutrients in sufficient concentration to cause eutrophi-
cation. Drainage from pastures contributed to nutrient level but
significant source of pollution from area was coliforms. 'Straight-
line' or linear estuary built in control temperature room which
permits concentrating upon biological parameters of estuary. Will
demonstrate the predictability of nitrification in estuarine waters.
Simple, sensitive and rapid procedure was developed for separa-
tion and identification of extremely low concentrations of
halogenated phenols in water. Procedure involves conversion of
phenols into corresponding antipyryl or p-nitrophenyl azo deriva-
tives. The rate and extent of oxygen uptakes of stream waters
representing various land usages were determined. Role of
nutrients, nitrification, and sedimentation under study. Data col-
lected to determine whether or not photosynthetic reoxygenation
can be predicted from knowledge of light intensity and such
stream analyses as temperatures, color, turbidity, nutrient level
and chlorophyl. Data under analysis and evaluation. Lab reaera-
tion apparatus consisting of cylinders mixed in manner analogous
to streams modified to contain river muds. Using Passaic River
water no significant differences between measured and literature
oxygen saturation values. Evaluation of effect of river contami-
nants on reoxygenation rate in progress.
1-35
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1. PESTICIDE RESIDUES AND AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - C.S.R.S.
UNKNOWN, Delaware River BasinG
FEASIBIUTY PLANT-EN«NEERING
The objective of the project is to develop working approxi-
mations of parameters necessary for estimating the contributions
of nitrogen and phosphorus from agricultural land to water for
two specific purposes: (a) to permit estimation of the contribu-
tions from land under selected major land use systems, and (b) to
permit identification of farming practices by means of which such
-omm., Trenton, New Jersey
2.5 years operation) to dev'elop de'slgnLVcoTtVata'fo^SoTal contributions may be minimized.
facility capable of providing 85-95% BOD removal frnm I To these ends, the immediate objectives would be to deter-
bined municipal- industrial waste is proposed Construction »!?H
operation of a ,00-gpm pilot plant coLsLg of flowTquSro"
neutralization, primary settling, activated sludge treatment'
microsuaining and chlorination is proposed. The combined waste
will be 20% municipal and 80% industrial; consisting of pesti
cides, dyes, plastics, solvents, phenols and other refractory or-
ganic chemicals. Sewage and the wastes from seven-plus indus-
tries would be hauled by tank truck to the pilot plant daily.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Environ. Protect. Agency - O.O.W.P
1.0184, DEEPWATER PILOT PLANT ENGINEERING
AND INTERCEPTOR FEASIBILITY STUDY
P.J. WEBBER, Delaware River Basin Comm., Trenton, New Jer-
sey
Studies have indicated the potential economic, technical,
and other advantages which can be realized from the construction
of a single regional treatment facility at Deepwater, Salem Coun-
ty, New Jersey to solve the liquid wastewater treatment problems
of 10 major industries, and the adjacent municipalities in Salem
and Gloucester Counties along the Delaware River Estuary. In-
dustrial wastes include pesticides, dyes, heavy metals, plastics,
solvents phenols and other refractory chemicals.
A pilot plant is operative at the site of the regional facility to
determine treatability characteristics, develop cost and design
criteria for a full scale facility, test methods of secondary and ad-
vanced waste treatment and provide data to base on equitable
cost apportionment system.
Wastes are being hauled by tank truck to the 50 gpm pilot
plant. Currently, BOD removals are in excess of 90% and there
are similar removals for heavy metals (as a result of a neutraliza-
tion unit) and phenol.
SUPPORTED BY Delaware River Basin Comm. Washington
1.0185, CONCENTRATION AND ANALYSIS OF PESTI-
CIDES AND OTHER RECALCITRANT MOLECULES IN
WATER SUPPLIES BY ULTRAFILTRATION
V.H. EDWARDS, Cornell University, School of Chemical En-
gineering, Ithaca, New York 14850
This research seeks to determine whether ultrafiltration or
reverse osmosis can be used effectively to concentrate aqueous
solutions and suspensions of pesticides and other biologically and
chemically recalcitrant organic molecules for purposes of more
accurate and sensitive sampling and analysis of water supplies. A
second objective will be the development of a prototype design
for a field sampling device based upon the principles developed in
this research.
Principal elements in this research will include: I. Screening
of various commercial ultrafiltration membranes for suitability in
concentration of selected test pesticides. 2. Study of the influence
of pertinent variables (such as pH, temperature, pesticide con-
centration, and mineral and sediment content and composition)
on ultrafiltration flux rates and rejection efficiency of membranes
for selected pesticides. 3. Implementation of these results into the
preliminary design of a prototype field sampling device. (Sub-
sequent research based upon this work will be directed towards
construction and field evaluation of this device and technique.)
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - O. Wtr. Res. Rch.
1.0186, AGRICULTURAL CONTRIBUTIONS TO
NUTRIENTS IN WATER
P.J. ZWERMAN, State University of New York, School of
Agriculture, Ithaca, New York 14850
mine the effects of time, rate, and placement of fertilizers along
with selected cultural practices, on the forms and amounts of
nitrogen and phosphorus contributed to water under conditions
of soil and climate representative of very extensive areas of the
humid temperate region. In addition pilot analytical studies will
be conducted to determine whether or not the major problems of
determining organo phosphate and carbamate pesticides in the
water samples can be solved adequately to justify the additional
cost of monitoring them in the same experiment.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Environ. Protect. Agency - O.O.W.P.
1.0187, QUALITY OF STORM WATER DRAINAGE
FROM URBAN LAND AREAS IN NORTH CAROLINA
E.H. BRYAN, Duke University, School of Engineering, Durham,
North Carolina 27706
The objective of the proposed research is to determine the
relationships between land use and the quality of storm water
drainage in an urban area of North Carolina. The drainage basin
selected for study will typify the pattern of land use in an urban
and urbanizing setting in North Carolina. Quality of storm water
from commercial, residential, industrial, public and institutional
sub-basins with respect to selected parameters such as alkalinity,
pH, chlorides, solids, nitrates, phosphates, pesticides, herbicides,
coliforms, biochemical oxygen demand, organic carbon and
others will be related to existing and changing patterns of land
use. The project will be aimed at furnishing a background of in-
formation as to sources and amounts of pollutional substances
contributed in a diffuse pattern to natural drainage channels.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - O. Wtr. Res. Rch.
1.0188, CHROMATOGRAPHIC CONCENTRATION OF
PESTICIDES FROM A LARGE MASS OF WATER
T. /TO, East Carolina University, School of Arts, Greenville,
North Carolina 27834
The objective of this research is to try to develop a more
adequate than presently available method to extract and concen-
trate pesticides from a large mass of natural water.
Reversed-phase partition column chromatography is the
method of choice to determine what specific requirements are to
be satisfied to accomplish such objective.
Suitability of various types of solid supports and stationary
phases will be examined to find the best condition. -Anchored-
stationary phases, which are covalently bonded to solid supports,
will be prepared to determine their suitability for extraction and
concentration of pesticides from a large mass of water.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - O. Wtr. Res. Rch.
r°*TAMINATION OF SURFACE AND GROUND
HERBICIDES APPLIED
°f AgricUltUre'
ron irurf^T °f DDT-toxaP"ene, trifluralin, and fluometu-
w°H be ,, fn HWA arism,? from natural rainfa» in c°"on fields
pestiddes a 1 - i ^^ "nd Spr3yed with the four
pes controf ^rf8" "nd fr5«uencies employed by farmers for
with*on°e of the^perim^f^ "*%"*in * fa™ P°nd '°cated
water andRaiment SSSl^rS"* *"" * f°"OWed by •"****
1-36
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1. PESTICIDE RESIDUES AND AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS
sites). Possible contamination of ground water will be in-
vestigated by analyzing water from wells located within cotton
fields that are sprayed with the four pesticides during each of
three years.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - O. Wtr. Res. Rch.
face drainage systems at North Central Branch, OARDC, near
Castalia. Plots are in corn with no tillage and conventional tillage
practices. Laboratory studies of phosphorous movement in this
soil will also be made with radioactive tracers.
SUPPORTED BY Ohio State Government
1.0190, CENTER FOR STUDY OF THE HUMAN EN-
VIRONMENT
R.R. SUSKIND, Univ. of Cincinnati, School of Medicine, Cincin-
nati, Ohio 4522\
The Center for the Study of the Human Environment is a
research and educational resource devoted to the study of en-
vironmetal problems which affect man's health and to research
training in pertinent scientific disciplines. The present subject
areas on which coordinated research efforts are focused include
(1) trace metal metabolism (2) toxicologic problems of heavy
metals (3) carcinogenesis and teratogenesis (4) pulmonary
problems of environmental origin (5) pesticides (6) organic sol-
vents (7) plastics and (8) analytical and environmental
methodology. The environmental origins of these problems are
related to air and water quality, solid waste management, industri-
al and agricultural activity, and consumer products including
food, drugs, household and other manufactured materials. The
training program is intimately related to the research efforts and
includes masters and doctoral programs in disciplines encom-
passed within the arena of environmental health.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Hlth. Ed. & Wei. - N.I.H.
1.0191, CHEMICAL AND SEDIMENT MOVEMENT FROM
AGRICULTURAL LAND INTO LAKE ERIE
G.O. SCHWAB, Ohio State University, School of Agriculture,
Columbus, Ohio 43210
Both field and laboratory studies will be involved in measur-
ing the quantity and kinds of soluble and suspended constituents
in drainage water from agricultural lands. Precipitation, runoff,
soil and air temperature, solar radiation, and other hydrologic
factors will be recorded. About eleven common soil chemicals,
including nitrogen and phosphorus, and pH, electrical conductivi-
ty, atrazine herbicide, and aldrin insecticide in the runoff and in
the sediment will be evaluated. In the field studies near Sandusky,
Ohio, water samples will be obtained from tile and surface drains
installed in one-half acre plots. The land will be cropped in corn
with no tillage and conventional tillage practices as variables.
In the laboratory leaching of phosphorus from columns of
soil from the field plots will be conducted using various applica-
tions of phosphorous. Runoff from small bins containing a fine-
and a coarse- textured soil will be analyzed for phosphorous and
other ions. The objective of the leaching studies is to identify dis-
crete compounds formed and to determine threshold concentra-
tions where soil contributes phosphorous to lake water.
Water samples taken during the 1969 growing season were
high in sediment, and nitrates, but low in phosphorous and dicam-
ba. Atrazine and dicamba losses averaged about 13 percent and
32 percent, respectively, of the amount applied. Water from tile
was generally much lower in pollutants than surface water.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - O. Wtr. Res. Rch.
1.0192, CHEMICAL AND SEDIMENT MOVEMENT FROM
AGRICULTURAL LAND INTO LAKE ERIE
G.O. SCHWAB, Ohio State University, Agricultural Experiment
Sta., Columbus, Ohio 43210 (OHOSS-187)
OBJECTIVE: Determine the quantity and kinds of soluble
and suspended constituents in water which drain from agricul-
tural lands into Lake Erie. Evaluate the effect of different
drainage methods, tillage operations, and rainfall characteristics
on constituents entering Lake Erie from agricultural lands. Deter-
mine the rates of leaching of phosphorus from fine and coarse tex-
tured soils, identify discrete compounds formed, and determine
threshold concentrations where soil contributes phosphorus to
lake water.
APPROACH: Field measurements of sediment, plant
nutrients, and several pesticides will be taken from tile and sur-
1.0193, PESTICIDES MOVEMENT FROM CROPLAND
INTO LAKE ERIE
A.C. WALDRON, Ohio State University, School of Agriculture,
Columbus, Ohio 43210
In order to effectively regulate the occurrence of pesticide
residues in lakes and streams it is necessary to determine the
source and cause of contamination. Data is yet insufficient to
determine the greater sources of pesticide pollution in Lake Erie
although agriculture receives the brunt of public disfavor as the
major contributor. This study is designed to assess the percentage
of pesticide pollution in rivers of northern Ohio and subsequently
in Lake Erie that does originate from agricultural lands and
agricultural use.
Samples of water, sediment and mussels as available taken
from six sites on each of the Maumee, Portage, Sandusky, Huron,
and Grand Rivers will be collected and analyzed monthly. Collec-
tion sites will represent the agricultural areas as well as
metropolitan discharge in the rivers. Additional samples will be
taken from the mouths of the rivers and from adjacent areas in
Lake Erie. Pesticide residue analyses will coincide with pesticide
use relating to cropping practices and soil types. The data accu-
mulated over the 3 year period proposed will be used to help as-
sess agriculture's contribution to the pollution problem and pro-
vide criteria for making corrections in agricultural practice where
necessary.
Analytical work shall be conducted at the pesticide Analyti-
cal Laboratory at The Ohio State University.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Environ. Protect. Agency - O.O.W.P
1.0194, RELATION OF AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES TO
WATER QUALITY IN NORTH APPALACHIAN REGION
L.L. HARROLD, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Soil & Water Cons.
Res. Div., Coshocton, Ohio 43812 (SWC-027-CCOS-2)
OBJECTIVE: Determine the transport rate of sediment,
nitrogen, phosphorus, and selected chlorinated insecticides from
agricultural lands into surface and subsurface waters and the
transport mechanism thereof.
APPROACH: Develop techniques and equipment for sam-
pling soils, crops, surface runoff, and groundwater recharge and
discharge on agricultural watersheds having surface application
of selected insecticides and plant nutrients. Relate concentration
of pollutants in samples to flow rates. Quantify for various periods
total pollutant delivery to surface and subsurface water and relate
same to rainfall, soil moisture, soil, geology, and land treatment.
PROGRESS: Great care must be exercised in collecting,
preparing, and storing runoff samples to be used in studying the
loss of pesticides and other chemicals from agricultural lands.
Several individual samples must be collected at variable predeter-
mined time intervals throughout the runoff hydrograph of each
storm. Each sample must be related to runoff rate at the time of
sampling. A detailed description of the construction and opera-
tion of automatic sampling equipment installed on experimental
watersheds at Coshocton, Ohio, has been prepared. The equip-
ment remains on a standby basis until the onset of runoff. A
predetermined sampling sequence collects samples in 1-gallon
glass jugs, which are stored in a refrigerator. Sampling is auto-
matically terminated. Greenhouse and field experiments were
conducted in which corn was grown on Muskingum silt loam to
which dieldrin had been added. The plants grown in the green-
house were protected from aerial contamination, whereas no at-
tempt was made to control this in the field. The corn was har-
vested at maturity and the dieldrin contents of the leaves, stalks,
kernels, and cobs were determined. Only slight differences were
found between the two experiments in the dieldrin contents of the
stalks, kernels, and cobs. But the leaf to stalk ration of dieldrin
concentrations in the field-grown plants was 50 times higher than
that found in the protected plants. This large difference is at-
tributed to aerial contamination of the foliage.
1-37
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1. PESTICIDE RESIDUES AND AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - A.R.S. - S.W.C
1.0195, MICROWAVE-EXCITED EMISSION DETECTOR
FOR PESTICIDES AND TRACE METAL ANALYSIS
G.W. WOOTEN, Monsanto Research Corporation, Dayton, Ohio
45407 (68-01-0085)
Description: Develop, fabricate, demonstrate and deliver two
(2) operational prototype Microwave-excited emission detector
instruments suitable for analysis of pesticides and trace metals in
water. These apparatus shall be so constructed as to insure suc-
cessful interfacing with existing equipment in the Analytical
Quality Control Laboratory.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Environ. Protect. Agency - O.O.W.P.
1.0196, DEVELOPMENT OF TILLAGE-REPLACING HER-
BICIDE SYSTEMS
G.B. TRIPLETT, Ohio Agric. Res. & Dev. Center, Wooster, Ohio
44691 (OHO00306)
OBJECTIVE: Develop herbicide systems for non-tilled crop
production that control unwanted vegetation and minimize
hazards: current crop, succeeding crops, of soil and water con-
tamination.
APPROACH: Herbicides will be screened to determine their
value in controlling unwanted vegetation and their hazard of crop
injury. Promising materials and combinations of materials noted
in screening trials will be evaluated for their adaptability to non-
tilled crop production following sod and clean tilled crops. The
best systems emerging from this research will be evaluated for
contamination of crops, injury to following crops, contamination
of surface water runoff.
PROGRESS: Atrazine at 3 to 4 pounds per acre is used to
destroy perennial meadow grasses prior to planting corn. In a
greenhouse study, pots containing oat plants were sprayed with
several rates of atrazine alone and with oils and/or surfactants.
Analysis of leaf tissue and soil showed that from 40 to 60 percent
of the atrazine applied with oil was retained in the plant tops, a
three- to five-fold increase over water alone or water plus surfac-
tants. Even after the plant tops were dead, up to 20% of the
atrazine recovered was in plant tops...Preliminary studies indicate
atrazine present in plant tissue may not be as biologically active as
the same amount in the soil. This would help explain the observed
lower amount of carryover of atrazine applied to growing vegeta-
tion.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture C.S.R.S.
1.0197, DEVELOP EFFECTIVE TREATMENT METHODS
FOR HARD PESTICIDES
UNKNOWN, U.S. Environ. Protection Agcy., Ada Laboratory,
Ada, Oklahoma 74820
No summary has been provided to the Science Information
Exchange.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Environ. Protect. Agency - O.O.W.P.
1.0198, QUANTITATIVE METHODS FOR PESTICIDES IN
NATURAL WATERS
I.H. SUFFET, Drexel University, Graduate School, Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania 19140
The long-term objective of this study is to develop reproduci-
ble quantitative analytical techniques for organophosphate and
carbamate pesticides in natural waters. These objectives can be
fulfilled by the development of the most efficient liquid-liquid ex-
traction and cleanup procedures.
The best analytical conditions for liquid-liquid extraction and
cleanup should be based upon thermodynamic data. Presently,
the choice of extraction parameters is based upon the criteria of
intuition which is then followed by empirical trial and error analy-
sis. This study will attempt to develop thermodynamic data based
upon the partition coefficient expressed as a p-value so that a ra-
tional choice of extraction parameters can be made for different
natural waters.
The primary goal of the study will be directed toward the
analysis of the capability of the p-value for rational choice of ex-
traction parameters in different types of natural waters; a clean
low turbidity type, a polluted high turbidity type, and a high dis-
solved solids type. The extraction parameters obtained then will
be evaluated in terms of the concentrations found in natural
waters. As necessary, cleanup of natural water extracts will also
be guided by p-values between immiscible solvents.
The determination of the p-values for organic pesticides will
enable a theoretical approach a) to devising quantitative multiple
screening procedures for organophosphates and carbamates, b)
delineating the conditions to avoid cleanup problems for quan-
titative analysis of these pesticides in natural waters and c) devis-
ing quantitative cleanup procedures for these pesticides.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Environ. Protect. Agency - O.O.W.P.
1.0199, PROVIDE A CONTINUOUS SURVEY OF THE
LITERATURE ON STORM AND COMBINED SEWERS
A. PETERS, Franklin Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (14-
12-904)
Description: The Franklin Institute during this twelve (12)
month literature survey will screen, abstract and index pertinent
articles and documents related to the overall urban runoff pollu-
tion problem. Phase I will update the Selected Urban Storm
Water Runoff Abstracts from July 1968 through December 1969.
Phase II would provide a continuous survey during 1970. Phase II
would provide a limited number of special urban runoff literature
surveys. The compilation of July 68-Dec. 69 abstracts and the
1970 abstracts would be reproduced and distributed through the
Research and Development Project Reports System. Urban ru-
noff pollution includes storm water discharges, combined sewer
overflows, unsewered urban runoff, and the associated effects on
the receiving waters, including sediment, nutrients, pesticides,
salt, etc.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Environ. Protect. Agency - O.O.W.P.
1.0200, THE BIOASSAY OF WATER POLLUTANTS
WITH CULTURED MAMMALIAN CELLS
H.W. FISHER, Univ. of Rhode Island, Graduate School, King-
ston, Rhode Island 02881
In the present study we are determining the titration end-
points of toxicity of water pollutants by quantitative determinia-
tions with mammalian cells cultured in vitro. The research plan
proposes to extend this study in two ways: In the first series of ex-
periments, the plating efficiency and growth rate assays would
also be carried out with a cell culture of a cold-blooded ver-
tebrate, such as the cell line derived in 1960 by Wolf and Quimby
(Science 135, 1965 (1962) from gonadal tissue of rainbow trout,
Salmo gairdneri. In the second study, chromosomal analyses of
cells growing in toxic concentrations of the pollutants would be
carried out. Cells would be grown in concentrations of the pollu-
tants at the threshold of toxicity as determined in our present ex-
periments and chromosomal aberrations or changes in ploidy
produced by the inorganic pollutants, herbicides, pesticides, or
detergents would be documented.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - O. Wtr. Res. Rch.
1.0201, TRANSFER OF PESTICIDES THROUGH WATER,
SEDIMENTS, AND AQUATIC LIFE
C.E. OLNEY, Univ. of Rhode Island, School of Agriculture, King-
ston, Rhode Island 02881
There is virtually no information on the extent of environ-
mental contamination by pesticides in the state of Rhode Island
and this project is aimed at filling this gap in our knowledge
Samples of water, sediment, and aquatic life from selected
streams and ponds in the state wi/1 be collected at reeular inter-
vals and analyzed for chlorinated hydrocarbon TSuJimSc
phosphate pesticides. Watersheds, both rural and urban where
pesticides have been used as well as those where „!, . j.
contamination are remote will be sampled "Ces °f dlrect
Should biologically significant residues be tnt.~*
will be made to trace the source of the pesticidt ' a" attemPt
1-38
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1. PESTICIDE RESIDUES AND AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - O. Wtr. Res. Rch.
1.0202, TRANSFER OF PESTICIDES THROUGH SOILS,
WATER, SEDIMENTS AND AQUATIC LIFE
C.E. OLNEY, Univ. of Rhode Island, Agricultural Experiment
Sta., Kingston, Rhode Island 02881 (RI00006)
OBJECTIVE: Assess the extent of contamination of soils and
water bodies of Rhode Island by pesticides: Extent of environ-
mental contamination by pesticides in the estuaries and salt water
bodies of the state: Determine source of any pesticide pollutants.
APPROACH: Samples of soil, water, sediment and aquatic
life from selected areas, streams and ponds in the state will be col-
lected at regular intervals and analyzed for chlorinated hydrocar-
bon and organo- phosphate pesticides. Watersheds, both rural
and urban, where pesticides have been used as well as those
where chances of direct contamination are remote will be sam-
pled. Samples of sediment and aquatic life from stations in Nar-
ragansett Bay and coastal regions of the state will also be
analyzed. Should biologically significant residues be found, at-
tempts will be made to trace the source of the pesticide.
SUPPORTED BY Rhode Island State Government
1.0203, FISHERIES UNIT
K.L. APPLEGATE, South Dakota State University, Agricultural
Experiment Sta., Brookings, South Dakota 57006 (SD00914)
OBJECTIVE: Research various problems offish and aquatic
habitats in South Dakota.
APPROACH: Work program varies according to the annual
agreement of the coordinating committee.
PROGRESS: This project is part of the University's contribu-
tion to the Cooperative Fishery Unit as per memorandum of
agreement. Projects included: fish population of Lake Poinsett as
indicated by the catch of four types of gear; food selectivity of
bigmouth buffalo in Lake Poinsett; survey of chemical biocide
levels in Lake Poinsett; population dynamics of Daphnia pulex in
Lake Poinsett.
SUPPORTED BY South Dakota State Government - Pierre
1.0204, QUANTIFICATION OF POLLUTANTS IN
AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF
J.N. DORNBUSH, South Dakota State University, School of En-
gineering, Brookings, South Dakota 57006
Description: The objectives of this project are to: (1) quanti-
fy the pollutional constituents in agricultural surface runoff and
express them as contributions per unit area or per unit runoff (2)
relate unit pollutant contributions to (3) relate the portion of pol-
lution constituents associated with both dissolved and suspended
solids.
Composited and grab samples of surface runoff will be col-
lected from eight carefully selected representative drainage
basins using automatic self-starting samples. Rainfall on and flow
from the drainage areas will be measured. Spring runoff from
frozen land surfaces would receive special attention. Drainage
areas consist of crop land with both row and small grain crop
cover, pasture and grassland with one area including a feedlot in-
stallation. Analyses of samples will include determination of
nitrogen and phosphorus forms, pesticides, BOD, COD, dissolved
and suspended solids, coliform and other fecal organisms.
Periodic recording of the land use changes and prevailing
drainage basin cover conditions would be accomplished utilizing
aerial reconnaisance. Aerial photography will be used to provide
permanent land use records. Records of applications of fertilizers
and pesticides obtained from the land users will be correlated
with pollutant contributions in the runoff. It is anticipated that the
quantitative information provided by this investigation may be ex-
trapolated to apply throughout the upper great plains region.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Environ. Protect. Agency - O.O.W.P.
1.0205, CHEMICAL, PHYSICAL, AND BIOLOGICAL
DYNAMICS OF NORTHERN PRAIRIE LAKES
J.G. NICKUM, South Dakota State University, School of Agricul-
ture, Brookings, South Dakota 57006
The research plan proposes to make it possible to describe
the chemical, physical, and biological dynamics of heretofore un-
studied lakes. This will provide information concerning the rela-
tionship between land use and water quality of lakes.
The project will study the present, the seasonal variation, and
the possible year to year variation of water quality. This will be
accomplished by biweekly sampling during June, July, and Au-
gust, and monthly throughout the remainder of the year. In addi-
tion, samples of water flowing into the lakes will be taken when-
ever rainfall is sufficient to cause a runoff into each lake.
The chemical content of the water will receive special atten-
tion in that the levels of various chemical biocides in the
ecosystem will be determined. Pesticide residues will include en-
drin, dieldrin, aldrin, heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, DDT,
ODD, DDE, lindane, toxaphene, and the chlorophenoxy com-
pounds. Pesticide residues will be extracted from five types of
materials including water, mud, plant material, small aquatic
animals and fish.
The field data will be used to provide information concerning
the relationship between land use and the dynamics of a lake.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - O. Wtr. Res. Rch.
1.0206, DESIGNING A GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL
MONITORING SYSTEM
UNKNOWN, Internal. Coun. of Sci. Unions, Zurich, Switzerland
One of the chief functions of the International Council of
Scientific Unions (ICSU) is to advise UN special agencies. To that
end ICSU's Special Committee on Problems of the Environment
will prepare a design for a global environmental monitoring net-
work for submission to the 1972 conference. Five scientists — a
botanist from England, a zoologist from Sweden, a chemist from
Germany, a biologist from the Soviet Union, and an ecologist
from the United States -- will devise a worldwide network of sta-
tions to measure certain materials in the environment that affect
man's well-being, such as carbon dioxide in air or pesticides in
birds, fish, or animals. Their recommendations will be presented
for approval to the SCOPE meeting in Canberra in September,
1971, and then will be submitted for ratification to the Stockholm
conference.
SUPPORTED BY Ford Foundation New York, N.Y.
1.0207, EFFECTS OF WATER POLLUTION ON
ZOOPLANKTON
D.L. BUNTING, Univ. of Tennessee, Graduate School, Knoxville,
Tennessee 37916
No summary has been provided to the Science Information
Exchange.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. oflnterior F. Wtr. Qua. Adm.
1.0208, PESTICIDE LEVELS IN WATER AND WILDLIFE
OF REELFOOT LAKE, TENNESSEE
J.W. HENSON, Univ. of Tennessee, School of Liberal Arts, Mar-
tin, Tennessee 38237
The proposed research involves field sampling followed by
laboratory analysis in the determination of types and levels of
pesticide pollution in water and wildlife of Reelfoot Lake, its
tributaries and adjacent lowlands. Water and fish samples would
be collected monthly throughout the year, with additional sam-
pling during the summer and after rains. Samples also would be
taken from shallow wells near the lake that are used as human
water supplies. Additional tests of wildlife would accompany in-
stances of chronic or acute wildlife mortality. Other investigations
would attempt to identify the primary sources of any identified
pesticide pollutants.
Samples would be analyzed for residues of those pesticides
commonly used in the lake watershed. These include both or-
ganochlorine and organophosphorous insecticides. Analytical
procedures would be adapted from those in the literature. Pesti-
cide residue identification and quantification would be made with
a gas liquid chromatograph, equipped with 3H E. C. and alkali
flame ionization detectors. Column, paper, and thin-layer chro-
matographic methods would be utilized in sample cleanup and as
independent methods of detection.
1-39
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1. PESTICIDE RESIDUES AND AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS
The data would be correlated with hydrological and
meteorological information recorded at the weather station of the
Reelfoot Lake National Wildlife Refuge.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - O. Wtr. Res. Rch.
1.0209, INVESTIGATION OF RICE IRRIGATION
RETURN FLOWS - TEXAS COASTAL PRAIRIE REGION
C. TUCK, State Water Development Board, Austin, Texas 78711
The quantity and quality of irrigation return flow water from
rice culture is being investigated for future planning of the return
flows available for reuse in the Texas Coastal Prairie Region.
There are two sample study areas in the project. One area uses a
ground water supply and is instrumented for continuous opera-
tion. The other area uses a surface water supply and is being stu-
died on a reconnaissance level.
The quantity of return flows will be obtained on a percent
basis and/or on an acre-feet/acre basis from the records of water
diversions, rainfall and volume of drainage that are collected. The
quality of these return flows are analyzed from samples taken to
investigate the possible change in water quality due to fertilizers
and pesticides used in the culture of rice farming.
SUPPORTED BY Texas State Government Austin
1.0210, CHARACTERISTICS AND POLLUTIONAL
PROBLEMS OF PESTICIDE MANUFACTURING WASTES
P.R. ATKINS, Univ. of Texas, School of Engineering, Austin,
Texas 181 \2
Project Objectives and Description of Work: Pesticide usage
in many portions of the world is increasing at an accelerated rate.
The production of the chemicals required to satisfy these de-
mands often results in wastes which may be harmful to aquatic or-
ganisms, plants, animals, and man. Information concerning these
waste streams, is scattered, confused, and often unavailable. The
purpose of this proposed study is to investigate the quantity and
quality of pesticide manufacturing waste streams and to evaluate
the methods presently being employed to treat and dispose of the
pollutants. The study area involved will be limited to the con-
tinental United States and Canada.
The project will include: 1. A comprehensive review of the
literature dealing with historical, present and projected pesticide
usage, manufacture, and waste water treatment. 2. A survey of a
number of major manufacturing plants, including site visits and
personal interviews where possible. The production process used,
the wastes produced, and the treatment and disposal methods
utilized will be investigated. 3. A completion and evaluation of
the information obtained from the literature, site visits, industry
reports, agency reports, research projects, and other sources. 4.
The development of recommendations on the type of research
needed in this area. 5. The development of a complete and com-
prehensive bibliography on pesticide wastes and waste treatment.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - F. Wtr. Qua. Adm.
1.0211, ELECTROPHORETIC CLARIFICATION OF
WATER
E.A. HILER, Texas A & M University System, School of Agricul-
ture, College Station, Texas 77843
This research involves a study of the utilization of the elec-
trophoretic method for pollutant removal from natural waters.
Electrophoretic clarification is effected by removal of charged
colloidal particles from water as the suspension is passed through
a dc electric field.
The purpose of this research is to investigate the removal of
colloidal clay, bacterial and pesticidal pollutants from water by
the electrophoretic method. The objectives are as follows: (1)
development of an optimal electrode arrangement based on
results of theoretical and basic experimental research; (2) charac-
terization of various contaminants present in typical natural
waters; and (3) evaluation of the efficiency of removal of these
pollutants by the electrophoretic method.
This study will provide a critical evaluation of the feasibility
of the electrophoretic method of water clarification.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - O. Wtr. Res. Rch.
1.0212, LIVESTOCK DETOXICATING MECHANISMS OF
J S PALMER US Dept. of Agriculture, Toxicological Research
Lab., Kerrville, Texas 78028 (ADPA7-19R)
OBJECTIVE- Develop the biochemical processes occurring
in livestock which alter and eliminate various pesticides, and util-
ize the derived information in solving the problem of chemical
residues in products intended for human consumption.
APPROACH: The great variations that exist in the toxicity of
organic chemical compound to which livestock, chiefly cattle and
sheep, may be exposed will be investigated. Physical condition
and stresses having a major role in the response of animals to
these compounds. An understanding of detoxication mechanisms,
and the situations in which they are utilized, will facilitate the use
of chemicals that are more readily eliminated, thereby reducing
the hazard to animals. To delineate the different detoxifying
processes, the enzymes, metabolites, and conjugation products
will be determined.
PROGRESS: The metabolism and residues of radioisotope-
tagged ferbam were determined for a period of 76 hours after a
sheep was treated. Quench curves for each tissue, blood, urine
and feces were established at various intervals of time and au-
toradiograms made. Another sheep was similarly exposed to con-
firm these results. The effect of DDT and its metabolites on adult
chickens is being studied. It includes toxicity, egg production, fer-
tility, egg shell consistency, and residues in various body tissues.
The evaluation of an insecticidal formulation of crotoxyphos as a
sheep dip was made. Indications are that degradation occurs on
storage, resulting in an unstable and ineffective treatment.
Residual and lexicological aspects of 2,4, S-T in sheep and cattle,
exposed over a 9-month period, completed. Negative results on
analyses of watershed samples as to evidence of possible pollution
by pesticides.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - A.R.S. - V.S.R
1.0213, PESTICIDES AND MICROBIAL ECOLOGY OF
LAKE CHAMPLAIN
D.B. JOHNSTONE, Univ. of Vermont, Agricultural Experiment
Sta., Burlington, Vermont 05401 (VT00155)
Objective: Obtain an ecological evaluation of the various
types of microorganisms present in the waters of Lake Cham-
plain. Determine the influence on microorganisms of pesticides in
an aquatic environment. Determine the influence of pesticides on
the number and distribution of microorganisms in an aquatic en-
vironment.
Approach: The aquatic microbial ecology in areas adjacent
to the shoreline and relatively free of agricultural chemicals will
be examined by standard microbiological precedures for cultur-
ing and enumerating microorganisms. This will be correlated with
basic Hmnological data such as dissolved oxygen, temperature,
etc. obtained by other investigators. Special emphasis will be
placed upon those groups of bacteria that are active in organic
matter decomposition such as nitrogen transformations.
Progress: Macro-environmental studies were conducted in
the southern portion of Lake Champlain from Whitehall to
Burlington. Bacterial populations were correlated with various
hmnological parameters. This data may become useful in evaluat-
ing the pollution by the paper mills as well as thermal pollution by
a proposed nuclear power generating station in this area. A new
device was designed and built to collect water samples aseptically
at various depths The taxonomy of certain bacteria is being stu-
died by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of proteins. An in-
vestigation of the nutritional characteristics of renresentative
yeast isolates from Lake Champlain was completed
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - C.S.R.S.
1.0214, DDT IN SNOW FALLEN AT HICH AITITITI»
SINCE 1950 H10H ALTITUDE
TJ. STENGLE, Univ. of Vermont, School of A , D ,
Vermont 0540 1 °' of Arts- Burlington,
1-40
-------
1. PESTICIDE RESIDUES AND AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS
Description: This study is an add-on to an ongoing project al-
ready funded by private funds, foundations and federal grant.
FWQA support of this project is to collect samples of snow from
depths down to 100-ISO feet on Mt. Logan in the Yukon Territo-
ry. Samples will be analyzed for DDT and similar organochlorides
by the FWQA Analytical Quality Control Laboratory in Cincin-
nati, Ohio.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Environ. Protect. Agency - O.O.W.P.
1.0215, DISTRIBUTION OF ORGANOPHOSPHORUS
PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN NATURAL WATERS AND SEDI-
MENTS
M.L. YATES, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey,
Arlington, Virginia 22209
The effect of extensive use of organophosphorus pesticides
on the water quality in many areas of southern Florida needs to be
evaluated. Over 268,000 Ibs of organophosphates were employed
from July 1966 to July 1967 in Dade County alone, National
Pesticide Monitoring Program includes a need to evaluate residue
levels of many organophosphates in water systems, but little data
has so far been produced. If a serious residue problem exists then
programs to reduce or eliminate the use of certain materials may
be required.
Compounds to be studied, based on amount of use in given
areas, include malathion, parathion, guthion, dimethoate, delnav,
ethion, tedion, and trithion. Data on the amount and types of or-
ganophosphorus residues in water, sediments and probably plant
life will be obtained. Degradation and resistance studies on
specific compounds will be run. Parameters such as pH, Eh, D.O.
and temperature of the water environment will be included. The
results will aid in evaluation of the source, transport and ultimate
fate of these compounds in the hydrologic cycle. The pesticide
analyses will be carried out in the laboratory using techniques of
extraction, cleanup and instrumental analysis developed in con-
junction with other Survey labs.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Geological Survey
1.0216, IMPROVING WATER QUALITY BY REMOVAL
OF PESTICIDE POLLUTANTS WITH AQUATIC PLANTS
S.W. BINGHAM, Virginia Polytechnic Institute, School of
Agriculture, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061
The proposed research involves investigations directed at the
determination of the fate of pesticides in water and aquatic en-
vironment. The main approach is to determine the effectiveness
of various aquatic plants for removal of pesticide residues from
water.
In the growth chamber and greenhouse, radioisotopic
methods will be used to evaluate the effectiveness of selected
aquatic plants for degradation of residual pesticides. The plant tis-
sues and water in the cultures will be sampled and radioassayed at
intervals after exposure to radioisotopically labeled pesticides.
Quantitative changes of the pesticide levels in the water and tis-
sues will be determined by low background gas flow counting
and/or liquid scintillation spectrometry of ground plant material,
fractional extraction, or nutrient media. Degradation of labeled
pesticides in aquatic plants will be evaluated by the collection of
carbon dioxide. For partial degradation of the pesticide molecule,
chemical extraction, fractionation, and chromatography of
authentic compounds and unknowns will be involved.
For these studies, a few relatively new but already economi-
cally important pesticides will be selected. In a similar manner,
specific aquatic plants that are important weed species will be
evaluated for channels of pesticide degradation,
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - O. Wtr. Res. Rch.
1.0217, PESTICIDE MONITORING
W.D. BRUNSON, State Dept. of Game, Olympia, Washington
98501
Project: Pesticide monitoring.
Objective: To determine the levels of pesticide residues in
fish hatchery water supplies, natural waters, and fish food.
Procedures: Samples will be collected statewide and trans-
ported to the Western Fish Disease Laboratory, Bureau of Sport
Fisheries and Wildlife, Seattle, for preparation, extraction, and
gas chromatographic analysis of chlorinated hydrocarbon pesti-
cide residues.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
1.0218, SOURCES OF QUALITY IMPAIRMENT OF SUR-
FACE WATERS
B.L. CARLILE, Washington State University, Agricultural Ex-
periment Sta., Pullman, Washington 99163 (WNP00034)
OBJECTIVE: Establish procedures for assessing the con-
tributions of all components of the community; including agricul-
ture, to the degradation of quality of water in surface streams.
APPROACH: Select sampling stations on streams within the
watershed to provide information on pollutional levels as related
to all probable sources. Follow changes in quality over the
seasons. Quality measurements will include ionic constituents,
sediment, pesticides and coliforrn counts.
SUPPORTED BY Washington State Government - Olympia
1.0219, OCCURRENCE OF PESTICIDES IN AQUATIC
ENVIRONMENTS
£. HINDEN, Washington State University, School of Engineer-
ing, Pullman, Washington 99163
The method of transport to and the occurrence of pesticides
in the aquatic environment is of extreme interest today. The in-
creased use of pesticides for achieving higher agricultural and sil-
vicultural productivity has allowed a greater amount of pesticides
to enter into the aquatic environment. Though these amounts are
generally in sublethal dosages, their presence constitutes a poten-
tial hazard. Certain pesticides can be concentrated in tissues of
most organisms, thus entering in the food cycle of organisms in
the aguatic habitat.
The purpose of this study is two fold. One purpose is to study
the distribution of a chlorinated organic and organic phosphorus
insecticide on an agricultural plot receiving insecticide applica-
tion. A distribution budget will be made from analysis of soil,
plant, and insecticide removal by irrigation runoff water and loss
to the atmosphere taken throughout the growing season. Particu-
lar attention will be paid to that amount being carried off by the
irrigation runoff water. During the second year insecticides will
not be applied. A distribution budget will be made of the insecti-
cides present on the plot. Emphasis will be placed on the insecti-
cides leaching off the field in the irrigation runoff water.
The second purpose of the study is to determine the seasonal
variation in the pesticide content of a dimictic and of a polymictic
reservoir. Comparison will be made of the pesticide content of the
water at specific depths, i.e. Epilimnion, Metalimnion and
Hypolimnion. The surface inflows and outflows to the reservoirs
will be sampled to better assess the pesticide variation. Samples of
aquatic organisms, i.e., plankton, benthos, fish and snails, will be
taken to determine the concentration of pesticides in organisms
inhabiting the reservoir. Comparisons will be made of the pesti-
cide content of those organisms feeding at specific depths.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Environ. Protect. Agency - O.O.W.P.
1.0220, MICROBIOLOGY OF FARM PONDS
H.A. WILSON, West Va. University, Agricultural Experiment
Sta., Morgantown, West Virginia 26506 (WVA00132)
OBJECTIVE: Study qualitatively and quantitatively, the
microbiological population of fresh water systems and the factors
influencing this population; whether certain special bacterial
groups such as cellulose decomposers, nitrifiers, nitrogen fixers,
etc., are present; the effect that pesticide and herbicide residues
have upon the microbial population of such waters and whether
any members of the water microflora are capable of degrading
either the active or inert constituents of such materials; the poten-
tial danger to livestock drinking from ponds and stagnant pools
when heavy algal growths appear; the probable pollution hazards
to ponds and streams from garbage dumps, sanitary landfills and
domestic sewage from private residences.
APPROACH: Standard microbiological procedures will be
the general basis of study.
1-41
-------
1. PESTICIDE RESIDUES AND AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS
PROGRESS: Coliforrn and enterococci densities were
greater in ponds receiving run-off water from livestock areas. No
psychrophilic bacteria, optimum growth below 20 C, were found
although some isolates grew slowly at temperatures near O C. The
relative stability of the farm pond waters studied was about 99%
as determined by the methylene blue test. This was substantiated
by the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), which ranged from
1.1 to 315 mg oxygen consumed per liter. Rivers with BOD values
between 1 and 4 ppm have been considered clean. Sediment BOD
values ranged from 20 to 45 ppm per gram on an oven dry basis.
This indicates the considerable amount of organic matter in pond
sediment. The bacterial flora of ponds apparently is predomi-
nantly small gram negative rods with gram positive rods and cocci
in considerable lesser numbers. This corresponds to findings of
fresh water lakes. Microscopic examination of slides submerged
in pond water revealed considerable numbers of algae as well as
bacteria. Most of the algae were diatoms belonging to the genera
Fragilaria, Diatoma, Synedra, Surirella, Stauroneis, and Navicula.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - C.S.R.S.
1.0221, EVALUATION OF PESTICIDE SOURCES AND
LEVELS TRIBUTARY TO LAKES MICHIGAN AND SUPERI-
OR
L.A. LUESCHOW, State Div. of Env. Protection, Madison,
Wisconsin 53701
Description: To identify sources and quantities of
chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticide residues in the Lake Michigan
and Superior drainage basin and to establish a bank of data so that
pesticide control programs can be evaluated.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Environ. Protect. Agency - O.O.W.P.
1.0222, TERMINAL RESIDUES OF CHLORINATED
HYDROCARBON PESTICIDES IN LAKE MICHIGAN AND
ASSOCIATED TRIBUTARIES
G.M. BOUSH, Univ. of Wisconsin, Agricultural Experiment Sta.,
Madison, Wisconsin (WIS01667)
OBJECTIVE: Study the metabolic fate of persistent
chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides, particularly DDT and diel-
drin in the microorganisms that are isolated from the waters of
Lake Michigan and associated tributaries. Study is designed to
find the biological effects of such microbial conversion of pesti-
cides in the aquatic environments.
APPROACH: First isolate microorganisms from various lo-
cations and incubate the insecticide labeled with radioactive car-
bons to find the metabolic capability of such microorganisms.
When the general tendency of the metabolic capabilities by the
microorganisms is established, efforts will be then made to study
the presence of such metabolites in the natural aquatic environ-
ment.
SUPPORTED BY Wisconsin State Government - Madison
1.0223, INSECTICIDE ADSORPTION BY LAKE SEDI-
MENTS AS A FACTOR CONTROLLING INSECTICIDE AC-
CUMULATION IN LAKES
G. CHESTERS, Univ. of Wisconsin, School of Agriculture,
Madison, Wisconsin
Detailed Objectives: a. To determine the extent of adsorption
of certain insecticides by intact and fractionated lake sediments
and the bonding mechanisms involved, b. To relate adsorption to
a characterization and classification of lake sediments, c. To
ascertain the effect of adsorption on chemical and biochemical
degradability.
The extent of insecticide adsorption will be evaluated by
equilibration and chromatographic techniques utilizing gas chro-
matographic and radioisotopic methods for insecticide deter-
mination. Properties of the insecticides and the sediments con-
trolling the extent of adsorption will be ascertained. The effect of
adsorption on the chemical and biochemical degradability will be
determined by comparison of degradation rates in the presence
and absence of adsorbents. Properties of sediments will also be re-
lated to their origin, environment of deposition and location to
obtain a classification useful for prediction of the extent of insec-
ticide accumulation in lakes.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - O. Wtr. Res. Rch.
1.0224, INSECTICIDE ADSORPTION BY LAKE SEDI-
MENTS AS A FACTOR CONTROLLING INSECTICIDE AC-
CUMULATION IN LAKES
G. CHESTERS, Univ. of Wisconsin, Agricultural Experiment
Sta., Madison, Wisconsin (WIS01539)
OBJECTIVE: Determine extent of adsorption of insecticides
by intact and fractionated lake sediments; relate adsorption to
lake sediment characterization; and ascertain the effect of ad-
sorption on insecticide degradability.
APPROACH: The extent of insecticide adsorption will be
evaluated by equilibration and chromatographic techniques
utilizing gas chromatographic and radioisotopic methods for in-
secticide determination. Properties of the insecticides and the
sediments controlling the extent of adsorption will be ascertained.
The effect of adsorption on the chemical and biochemical
degradability will be determined by comparison of degradation
rates in the presence and absence of adsorbents. Properties of
sediments will also be related to their origin, environment of
deposition and location to obtain a classification useful for pre-
diction of the extent of insecticide accumulation in lakes.
SUPPORTED BY Wisconsin State Government Madison
1.0225, ARTIFICIAL SUBSTRATE SAMPLERS AS IN-
DICATORS OF WATER QUALITY
W.L. HILSENHOFF, Univ. of Wisconsin, School of Natural
Sciences, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
Description: Because of their efficiency in detecting pollu-
tion, a variety of artificial substrate samplers are being used by an
ever increasing number of agencies. This project intends to com-
pare the efficiency of various types of samplers, to statistically
evaluate the effectiveness and limitations of a new sampler under
a variety of conditions, to demonstrate its effectiveness in detect-
ing various types of pollution in streams, and to evaluate the role
of various species of insects as indicators of water quality.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Environ. Protect. Agency - O.O.W.P.
1.0226, CHLORINATED ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS IN
THE MILWAUKEE RIVER
G.B. LEE, Univ. of Wisconsin, School of Engineering, Madison,
Wisconsin
The occurences of chlorinated organic contaminants in the
Milwaukee River system and western Lake Michigan have been
investigated. Mass spectrometric analyses have verified the
presence of mixtures of chlorinated biphenyls, and semi-quantita-
tive GLC analyses based on commercial mixtures as standards
have described the relative concentrations of the chlorinated
biphenyls in fish and water throughout the study area. However,
the lack of suitable standards results in the inability to adequately
correlate environmental data because of the many isomers which
comprise the mixtures.
The proposed study is an investigation of the aqueous en-
vironmental chemistry of the chlorinated biphyenyls. The initial
objective is the development of analytical conditions and stan-
dards which enable quantitative analyses of individual or groups
of isomers to be made. Subsequently, the fate of the chemicals in
the environment will be determined through evaluations of the
relative significances of sorption on sediments and planktonic
communities, and stabilities of the chlorinated biphenyls toward
biological and chemical degradation.
SUPPORTED BY Connecticut State Government - Hartford
1.0227, ATOMIC ABSORPTION
PHOSPHATES IN WATER
ANALYSIS OF
1-42
C.O. HUBER, Univ. of Wisconsin, Graduate School, Milwaukee,
Description: The objectives of this project would extend the
advantages of this technique to analysis of r,v,~ u ex.tena me
gano- phosphates, sulfate, borate, arsenate etc-?h h°?phate- or"
paratus can be modified to further speed routin' •tltratlon aP"
tremely high sensitivities available via atomic n? *" yS'S' The CX"
sis will be applied to such inhibition titrationc T^6"06 a"aly-
""•• i itrations of ca-
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1. PESTICIDE RESIDUES AND AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS
tions with anions must also be exploited. The data to be accumu-
lated will allow previously unavailable observations as to relative
stability of species at the flame temperatures and contribute a
better understanding and application of the chemical effect in
flame spectroscopy.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Environ. Protect. Agency - O.O.W.P.
1C. FISH AND SHELLFISH
( Residues in Tissues) ( Residues or Effects in Aquatic Food Chains From
Nannoplankton to Birds and Man)
1.0228, EFFECT OF HERBICIDES ON AN AQUATIC EN-
VIRONMENT
H.H. FUNDERBURK, Auburn University, School of Agriculture,
Auburn, Alabama 36830
The following studies will be undertaken: Absorption, trans-
location, and distribution of a xylem mobile herbicide (fluometu-
ron) in Eurasian milfoil; effect of diquat, paraquat, fluometuron,
dichlobenil, and at least 1 additional promising aquatic herbicide
on certain metabolic processes of aquatic plants; degradation of
diquat and 2,4-DBEE in an aquatic environment (water, plants,
soil and fish); effect of promising aquatic herbicide on fish.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - F. Wtr. Qua. Adm.
1.0229, EFFECT OF ENDRIN ON EGG-SPERM FORMA-
TION AND EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT
R.L. ARGYLE, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bur. of Sport Fish. &
Wildlife, Marion, Alabama 36756
Objectives: It has been well documented that certain
chlorinated hydrocarbons have some effect on the reproductive
potential of some bird populations. These effects have been
manifest in reduced egg shell strength, high hatch mortality, and
reduced clutch size to name only a few. It is speculated that
chlorinated hydrocarbons may have a similar effect on fish
reproduction and survival, especially in agricultural areas where
pesticides are used intensively. Thus, it appears desirable to deter-
mine whether or not pesticides have an effect on eggs and sperm,
and the development of the fertilized egg.
Procedure: For approximately a year prior to spawning, sex-
ually mature channel catfish and goldfish will be fed pelletted
feeds that contain 0,1,3 and 5 ppm endrin. Fish, water, soil and
vegetation samples will be collected and analyzed periodically for
endrin content. At time of spawning, fish will be paired with fish
of opposite sex that have been similarly treated and other fish that
have not been fed endrin. Effect will be based on hatching success
and survival of fry.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
1.0230, EFFECT OF ENDRIN ON FISH AND THEIR EN-
VIRONMENT UNDER CONTROLLED CONDITIONS
R.L. ARGYLE, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bur. of Sport Fish. &
Wildlife, Marion, Alabama 36756
Objectives: In most studies conducted in open ponds, streams
and other natural or simulated natural facilities, variations in
light, water exchange, soil types and other factors between
remote and even adjacently located test areas make it difficult for
the investigator to measure the true effect of the test material.
Many times, differences in the type and amount of flora and fauna
in the control facilities exceed these differences that might exist
between those areas that received pesticides and those that did
not. In order to secure information on the true effect of pesticides
on the environment, tests will be conducted in aquariums and
troughs inside buildings. Thus, it is hoped that differences in soil,
light, water and other factors that affect the environment can be
minimized.
Procedure: Aquarium and trough bottoms will be layered
with homogenous soil mixtures, sprigged with aquatic plants and
filled with water. Fish and aquatic insects will be introduced.
Metabolism of the pesticide (endrin) will be followed by using
14C-tagged endrin.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
1.0231, PRELIMINARY STUDIES ON ENDRIN AND
OTHER PESTICIDE UPTAKES BY FINGERLESG CHANNEL
CATFISH
R.L. ARGYLE, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bur. of Sport Fish. &
Wildlife, Marion, Alabama 36756
Pesticides have been found in the flesh of channel catfish
raised for sport and food, and in some instances these chemicals
have been attributed to seriously injuring or even killing fingerling
and large fish. Pesticides that contaminate these fish can come
from the water supply, soil, feed, and air (wind borne). Studies
will be conducted in pools and aquariums to determine the effect
that each pesticide source has on the fish. By conducting these
studies in pools and aquariums using pesticide-free water, by
feeding purified diets, and by using known amounts of the pure
form of pesticide, variables and interactions may be avoided that
complicate data interpretations. Thus, these findings may be used
in designing studies in near-natural situations and interpreting the
results.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior Bu. Sport Fish.
1.0232, PESTICIDES RESEARCH
T.R. MERRELL, U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Natl. Marine Fishe-
ries Service, Auke Bay, Alaska 99821
Our pesticide studies include two separate programs: One,
the macro-invertebrate fauna of streams in Southeast Alaska are
being studied to determine the ecological relationships between
organisms and the seasonal abundance of dominant forms. The
results will be used to predict effects of pesticides on stream fauna
in the watersheds of similar streams in Southeast Alaska. The role
of the invertebrate fauna in the diet of resident fishes is also being
investigated.
Two, DDT residues in freshwater fish tissue is routinely
monitored. Analyses of specimens collected from major river
systems in the state show wide-spread contamination by DDT in
many areas of Alaska. Fishes collected from the streams near
population centers on military installations contain higher con-
centrations of DDT, ODD, and DDE than fishes from other parts
of the state.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Commerce N.O.A.A.
1.0233, THE OCCURRENCE OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES
IN THE LOWER BRISBANE RIVER AND IN THE TISSUES
OF ESTUARINE ANIMALS
J.M. THOMSON, Univ. of Queensland, Saint Lucia, Brisbane,
Australia
Objective of Project: Testing tolerance levels of various spe-
cies to pesticides and to compare this with the levels to which they
are exposed.
Description of Project: Routine sampling at selected stations
and testing for presence of commoner pesticides. Aquarium test-
ing of lethal levels and observations on sublethal effects.
Address for Correspondence: Zoology Department, Univer-
sity of Queensland, St. Lucia. QLD. 4067
SUPPORTED BY University of Queensland Brisbane, Aust.
1.0234, EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON AQUATIC
ANIMALS IN THE ESTUARINE AND MARINE ENVIRON-
MENTS
R.D. EARNEST, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bur. of Sport Fish. &
Wildlife, Belvedere, California 94920
This study is a continuing effort in deriving median tolerance
limits (TLm) of estuarine fishes to a variety of pesticides and
combinations of pesticides. Static testing conditions will yield
TLms for 24-96 hr intervals and continuous-flow conditions will
be used for exposures as long as 30 days. The tests will include
standard and varied conditions of temperature and water quality.
1-43
465-868 O - 72 - 4
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1. PESTICIDE RESIDUES AND AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish. SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Commerce - N.O.A.A.
1.0235, CURRENT FISH AND WILDLIFE PESTICIDE
PROBLEMS
W. GRIFFITH, State Dept. of Fish & Game, Sacramento, Califor-
nia 95819
Study Objectives: 1. Promote the development of pesticide
use practices and pesticide regulation to adequately safeguard
fish and wildlife and their environment. 2. Field test for toxicity
and hazard the pesticides that appear to have the greatest poten-
tial for fish and wildlife damage.
Job Objectives: To evaluate those fish and wildlife pesticide
problems and relationships that are currently of greatest concern
to the Department. Concern is based on potential hazard to wild
animals of certain experimental pesticides and pesticides used in
operational pest control programs. The investigations are aimed
primarily at: 1. developing information regarding the hazard of
these chemicals under field conditions, and 2. developing a guide
for establishing adequate safeguards for fish and wildlife. Special
attention will be given to the hazards to game and nongame spe-
cies created by the organic phosphates in cotton culture, and
polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) in eggs of raptors and water as-
sociated birds.
Procedures: (a) Evaluate the hazard of mercurial seed
dressings to birds. A survey will be made to determine the
amounts of the different mercurials being used in California. An
assessment will be made of the comparative hazard of alkyl mer-
cury seed dressing and other types of mercury seed dressings.
Caged pheasants will be fed grain treated with alkyl mercury and
another type of mercury fungicide to determine the effect on the
test animals and the amount and type of mercury accumulated in
tissues. Pheasants will be collected in areas where alkyl mercury
and other mercury seed dressings have been used extensively over
a period of years. The birds will be examined for gross pathology
and tissues analyzed for mercury content, (b) Evaluate the effects
on nontarget wildlife of Diphacin, and Endrin treated conifer and
brush seeds in both field and forest rodent control programs.
The experimental application of the anticoagulant Diphacin
for ground squirrel control may also be carried out in one or more
of these by agricultural agencies. Evaluation of side effects of
these experimental applications and other suitable tests will be
made.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
1.0236, PHYSIOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR OF LARVAE
(PHYSIOECOLOGY OF SHELLFISH PROGRAM)
H.C. DAVIS, U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Natl. Marine Fisheries
Service, Milford, Connecticut 06460
The development of routine methods for rearing bivalve lar-
vae has enabled us to determine the effect of various ecological
factors on larvae of the American oyster, Crassostrea virginica,
and the hard clam, Mercenaria mercenaria. Studies have been
made of the effect of the type and quantity of food, salinity, tem-
perature, turbidity, pH, and of various pesticides and detergents
on embryonic development and on growth of the larvae of these
two species. In some studies we have observed the combined ef-
fect of varying two or more of these factors simultaneously.
We are currently experimenting to determine the pH range
for spawning of oysters and the effect of the pH at spawning on
viability of the sperm and eggs. We are also currently studying the
effect of keeping oysters at lowered salinities, during gonad
development and spawning, on subsequent embryonic develop-
ment and larval growth at different salinities. We expect to soon
have methods developed for studying the behavior of larvae and
the effect of light, gravity, temperature, salinity and currents on
the behavior of larvae of different ages and sizes. Such studies are
urgently needed to develop an informational basis for field work
on distribution of larvae.
i atvt nvtVAKCH STUDY ON THE EFFECTS OF POL-
1.0237, REoliAKcn &**"**_;?,„ »»ir» /"DiTCTAnf AIMS
LUTION ON SUB-TROPICAL FISH ^f^^S^L.,,
W.R. COURTNEY, Aquatic Sciences Incorporated, Boca Raton,
ponm will utilize the output of an
established culture facility to determine the synergistic sublethal
effects of temperature, oxygen, salinity, and a chlorinated
hydrocarbon on the development of selected warm-temperate
and subtropical species of fishes and crustaceans. The experimen-
tal species have been chosen because they represent forms which
occupy sub-tropical fresh, brackish, or marine waters for all or
part of their life histories, such waters and specific habitats being
subject to several forms of potential environmental toxicants,
their real or potential economic values as sports species, and their
adaptability to being cultured with success in the laboratory.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Environ. Protect. Agency - O.O.W.P.
1.0238, PESTICIDE MONITORING PROGRAM
P.A. BUTLER, U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Natl. Oceanic & Atmos.
Admin., Gulf Breeze, Florida 32561
Cooperative program involving 15 private, state and federal
laboratories who collect duplicate samples of mollusks from ap-
proximately 1 75 estuarine stations on Atlantic, Gulf and Pacific
coasts at monthly intervals. Program initiated 1965, proposed to
continue until 1969; 1500 analyses completed September 1965.
Samples are sent to the Gulf Breeze Laboratory for pesticide
residue analysis. Eastern oyster is chief bioassay animal, also used
Mya arenaria, Mercenaria mercenaria, Ostrea luria, Crassostrea
gigas and some fish species. Each sample is screened for Aldrin,
BHC, Dieldrin, DDD, DDE, DDT, Endrin, Heptachlor, Hep-
tachlor epoxide, Lindane and Methoxychlor. Analyses are made
wiith electron capture gas-liquid chromatography techniques.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Commerce - N.O.A.A.
1.0239, ENZYME SYSTEMS OF ESTUARINE ORGAN-
ISMS
D.L. COPPAGE, U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Natl. Oceanic & At-
mos. Admin., Gulf Breeze, Florida 32561
Two of the major classes of pesticides - the organic
phosphates and the carbamates - are toxic to animals because
they inhibit the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE), which is es-
sential to normal nerve impulse transmission. By assaying the
AChE activity in nerve tissue of aquatic animals, pollution of the
estuarine environment by these chemicals can be detected before
deaths occur and at levels far below those which can be detected
by present analytical techniques.
We will establish normal enzyme levels for selected ver-
tebrate and invertebrate species, and conduct periodic sampling
and assay. Lowered enzyme activity in one or more species will be
indicative of pollution. We will also expose various fishes and in-
vertebrates to commonly used pesticides to study degree of AChE
inhibition and time necessary for recovery. An investigation of
the effects of lowered enzyme levels on estuarine fauna will be
conducted.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Commerce N.O.A.A.
1-44
n,c OF ESTUARINE ANIMALS
D J. HANSEN, U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Natl. Oceanic & Atmos.
Admin., Gulf Breeze, Florida 32561
Objective: Determine the effects of pesticides on the
behavior and physiological tolerances of estuarine animals
Procedures: A. Using apparatus in which a gradient of pesti-
cide concentrations can be established, the ability of selected
mollusks, crustaceans and fish to sense and avoid pes° JdefwiH
-------
1. PESTICIDE RESIDUES AND AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS
perature and other stresses to determine if sensitivity has been
changed. 3. Schooling fish will be exposed to pesticides to deter-
mine if there are changes in schooling patterns.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Commerce - N.O.A.A.
1.0241, LABORATORY BIOASSAYS
J.I. LOWE, U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Natl. Oceanic & Atmos.
Admin., Gulf Breeze, Florida 32561
The primary objectives of the subject project are: (1) deter-
mination of the acute toxic levels of pesticides to representative
marine species, and (2) investigation of possible adverse effects
of prolonged exposure of marine animals to sublethal concentra-
tions of the common pesticides.
Short-term (96-hour or less) toxicity tests are conducted in
the laboratory under controlled conditions. Most of the tests are
conducted in constant-flow seawater systems using oysters,
shrimp, and marine fish as bioassay animals. These acute toxicity
tests will be a continuing function of the project as new chemicals
are received for evaluation.
Long-term experiments (3 to 6 months duration) involving
the chronic exposure of marine animals to sublethal concentra-
tions of selected pesticides will be conducted when the efforts and
results seem justified.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Commerce N.O.A.A.
1.0242, PHYSIOLOGY OF ESTUARINE ORGANISMS
D.W. NIMMO, U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Natl. Oceanic & Atmos.
Admin., Gulf Breeze, Florida 32561
The purpose of this research is to determine the physiological
effects of low levels of pesticides on estuarine fauna. At present,
the research is divided into two areas of interest: (1) the effects of
DDT on protein metabolism in shrimp and (2) the kinetics and
deposition of C14-labeled pesticides in the tissues of shrimp.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Commerce N.O.A.A.
1.0243, EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON MARINE
ANIMALS
C.E. LANE, Univ. of Miami, School of Marine Science, Miami,
Florida 331149
Description: Lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) is one of the in-
tracellular enzymes that increases in serum when tissue cells are
destroyed by pathology or injury. Recent progress in clinical
chemistry has made it possible to identify the source of abnormal
concentrations of several of the isoenzymes of LDH with some
precision, taking advantage of their different electrophoretic mo-
bilities and sensitivity to heat inactivation. Using these established
clinical procedures, or micromodifications suitable for the small
amount of blood collected from the Molly, it is proposed to
identify the organ system most affected by chronic exposure to
Dieldrin. This determination will then be confirmed by direct nee-
dle - biopsy. Using a solid sample injecting port we should have
the capability to determine Dieldrin and its metabolites in un-
treated tissue samples. The uncertainties introduced by the usual
extraction, concentration, and transfer procedures will be
eliminated. These data should establish pathways and help to ex-
plain the mortality caused by exposure to dilute solutions of Diel-
drin.
It is also proposed to explore the distribution of tissue and
serum enzyme activities in the offspring of our three populations
of Poecilia Latipinna with differing sensitivities to Dieldrin.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Environ. Protect. Agency - O.O.W.P
1.0244, EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON MARINE
ANIMALS
C.E. LANE, Univ. of Miami, School of Marine Science, Miami,
Florida 33149
Molting in Crustacea involves the coordinated activity of
many independent biochemical mechanisms. Since post-molt
'Penaeus duorarum' apparently absorb dieldrin from sea water at
different rates from pre- molt animals, it is proposed to measure
absorption and distribution of dieldrin in all stages of the molt
cycle in these animals. Using various stages of the life cycle of'P.
duorarum', made available to us by the experimental shrimp-rear-
ing program of the Fisheries Division, we propose to study effects
of dieldrin on growth, larval development and metamorphosis,
molting and metabolism. The effects of dieldrin on various
developmental stages of the sea urchins 'Echinometra' and
'Lytechinus' will be investigated.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Environ. Protect. Agency - W.Q.O.
1.0245, RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN SUB-LETHAL
PESTICIDES AND REPRODUCTION AND BEHAVIOR OF
FISHES
J.P. KERR, Univ. of Georgia, Graduate School, Athens, Georgia
30601
This study proposes to examine the possible effects on the
reproductive capacity in a few fish species of periodic and con-
tinuous exposures to sublethal concentrations of DDT and per-
haps other pesticides.
Objectives: To improve knowledge on the reproductive
capacity and behavior of certain fishes, especially the guppy; to
assess in laboratory studies the possible effects of chronic and
periodic sublethal exposures to pesticides, especially DDT and its
derivatives, on the reproductive capacity of fishes, by exposing
them to various pesticide concentrations and then noting changes
in: (a) reproductive behavior patterns (primary emphasis) (b)
general behavior patterns (c) rate of sexual maturation (d)
gametogensis (e) gamete viability and fertilization.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
1.0246, PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL FACTORS AFFECT-
ING FISH
J.L. HAMELINK, Purdue University, Agricultural Experiment
Sta., Lafayette, Indiana 47907 (IND01720)
OBJECTIVE: Study effect and utilization of heated effluents
from power plants on fish. Improve farm pond management for
recreational and commercial fisheries. Elucidate the dynamics of
synthetic organic compounds (eg. pesticides) in aquatic
ecosystems.
APPROACH: Channel catfish will be cultured in cages
placed in heated effluents and farm ponds to assess the biological
and economic potential for the industry in Indiana. Several farm
ponds will be managed for field studies concerned with farm
chemicals, dynamics of fish populations, fish production and
commercial fish culture. Studies into the dynamics of synthetic
organic compounds in aquatic ecosystems will be continued once
the proper laboratory and field facilities are developed. Initial in-
terest will be confined to the physical factors of solubility and ad-
sorbtion which are believed to control the dynamics of these com-
pounds in lakes.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - C.S.R.S.
1.0247, CONTAMINATION OF CHANNEL CATFISH
WITH DIELDRIN FROM AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF
R.V. BULKLEY, Iowa State University, School of Science, Ames,
lowaSOOW
The proposed research will involve field and laboratory in-
vestigation on the pathways by which channel catfish take up the
chlorinated hydrocarbon dieldrin from waters draining agricul-
tural areas and the rate elimination of this chemical from the fish
after exposure. Levels of dieldrin will be compared in fish and
water under varying conditions of runoff and turbidity.
Field investigations will consist of regular collection of adult
and young fish and water from a typical river draining corn land
where intensive use of dieldrin has been made in past years.
Quantitative analysis of dieldrin will be made from selected tis-
sues and water using gas chromatographic techniques.
Laboratory investigations will center on determining the
pathway by which catfish take up the pesticide and length of re-
tention time in the body after ingestion with food and after ab-
sorption through the gill membranes. C-14 Dieldrin will be in-
troduced into aquarium water and fed to fish. Variations in up-
take and retention between adult and juvenile catfish will be
1-45
-------
1. PESTICIDE RESIDUES AND AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS
determined. Measurements of radioactivity in edible portions of
the body and in mesentery fat will be used to reflect dieldrin levels
present.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - O. Wtr. Res. Rch.
1.0248, ENZYME AND TISSUE ALTERATIONS IN FISH -
A MEASURE OF WATER QUALITY
D.E. H1NTON, Univ. of Louisville, School of Medicine,
Louisville, Kentucky 40202
Microanatomy, enzyme histochemistry, and pathology of
common species of freshwater fish will be studied to determine al-
terations occurring in fish found in polluted streams and rivers.
Histopathological changes that occur under polluted conditions
are to be described and quantified using standard techniques, i.e.,
Weibel's point count method. Primary attention will be directed
toward detection of alteration in gills, brain liver and kidney. Cor-
relation of laboratory experiments involving chlorinated
hydrocarbon pesticides and heavy metals as well as field collected
material will be performed to assess the changes brought about by
these toxins.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - O. Wtr. Res. Rch.
1.0249, EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED INSECTICIDE RE-
SISTANCE IN THE MOSQUITOFISH, GAMBUSIA AFFINIS
D.D. CULLEY, Louisiana State University, Agricultural Experi-
ment Sta., Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803 (LAB01460)
OBJECTIVE: Produce insecticide-resistant strains of
mosquitofish for the purpose of determining cross-resistance and
susceptibility patterns, and environmental requirements of re-
sistant fish.
APPROACH: Each of three groups of mosquitofish will be
subjected to a high concentration of one insecticide (parathion,
toxaphene, or DDT) in the laboratory until most fish are killed.
Survivors will be allowed to breed and progeny returned for
another treatment. This process will be continued until resistance
develops. Cross-resistance and susceptibility patterns will be
identified by comparing results of bioassy tests conducted with
selected strains and the parental population, using insecticides to
which the fish have never been exposed. Tests will be conducted
to determine if selection for resistance affects growth, reproduc-
tion, survival, susceptibility to disease or parasites, or environ-
mental requirements.
PROGRESS: The survivors of three populations of mosquito-
fish, exposed to a different insecticide, were stocked in separate
ponds for reproduction. The offspring were collected and ex-
posed to the same insecticide as their parents until the popula-
tions were reduced by 90 percent. Again, the survivors were
stocked in new ponds (without fish) for reproduction. During
1969, each of the three populations was selected in the same
manner through four generations. Just prior to bringing the F(4)
groups to the lab to determine if any resistance had developed,
heavy rains flooded the ponds and the treated fish moved freely
from pond to pond.
SUPPORTED BY Louisiana State Government - Baton Rouge
1.02SO, PESTICIDE CONTAMINATION OF ENVIRON-
MENT
L.D. NEWSOM, Louisiana State University, Agricultural Experi-
ment Sta., Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803 (LABO1204)
OBJECTIVE: Determine the extent to which the environ-
ment is contaminated and to develop a continuing monitoring
system. Develop more satisfactory analytical techniques and
methodology than those which presently exist for residues of
some insecticides. Furnish pesticide analytical services to
cooperating departments.
APPROACH: Amounts of insecticide residues currently
present will be determined in representative samples of soil,
water, bottom sediments, aquatic and terrestrial animals, and
plants from five areas differing in ecology and land use. Particular
attention will be devoted to developing more satisfactory
techniques for determining levels of organophosphorus and car-
bamate residues as well as any new materials which come into
widespread use. Capability for analyses can be done for all
"^ROG^lTSues in fish samples from 5 monitoring
sites established 3 years ago continued to reflect pesticide use.
Endrin residues had virtually disappeared in fish from Bayou
Chevreuil in the sugarcane area, reflecting change from, end™ to
guthion for control of sugarcane borer. DDT residues still high in
fish from streams draining cotton producing areas. Sacks used for
treated seed rice or seed corn and used second-hand for sacking
feed found to be an important source of contamination of milk.
Coastal bermuda forage produced on cotton farms proved to be a
major source of DDT contamination; rice bran of dieldrin in milk.
Residues of chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides still ubiquitous
in all species of wildlife examined. Continued work on
chlorinated hydrocarbons in the Louisiana environment. Empha-
sis has been on residues in milk. A new and heretofore un-
suspected source of contamination was discovered. Studies of
residues in commercial catfish are in progress.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - C.S.R.S.
1.0251, TOXICITY OF POLLUTANTS TO STRIPED BASS
J.S. HUGHES, State Wildlife & Fish Comm., Baton Rouge, Loui-
siana 70804
Objectives: (1) To determine the toxicity of pollutants to
various sizes of striped bass.
Procedures: Striped bass ranging in size from fry to six inches
in length will be used for these toxicity studies. Standard bioassay
techniques will be followed. Dilution water will be from Bayou
DeSiard, a lake adjacent to the laboratory. The water quality will
be checked before each series of tests. Bioassays will be run at 22
degrees Centigrade.
Pollutants that will be included in this study are paper mill
wastes; oil well effluents; wastes from sugar cane mills; rotenone;
antimycin A; and pesticides, such as, 2,4-D, 2,4,5-T, silvex, en-
dothal, diquat, dylox, methyl parathion, DDT, and endrin.
Total survival, total mortality and the TLm will be reported
for 24,48, 72, and 96 hours.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
1.0252, EFFECTS OF CHRONIC SUBLETHAL DOSAGES
OF DDT ON THE SWIMMING PERFORMANCE OF ATLAN-
TIC SALMON PARR
J.D. MCNEISH, Univ. of Maine, Graduate School, Orono, Maine
04473
The effects of sublethal dosages of DDT on the swimming
performance of Atlantic Salmon parr is being investigated. Per-
formance is measured by the Burrows stamina tunnel which is
housed in facilities provided by Craig Brook National Fish
Hatchery. The project was initiated July, 1967.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
1.0253, THE EFFECTS OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES ON
LARVAL AND JUVENILE WINTER FLOUNDER IN THE
WEWEANTIC RIVER ESTUARY, MASSACHUSETTS
C.F. COLE, Univ. of Massachusetts, School of Agriculture, Am-
herst, Massachusetts 01002
Saltmarshes and their meandering estuarine streams too
often have been considered a biological wasteland and public
apathy has allowed these areas to become targets of developers of
waterfront properties and uncontrolled use of pesticides. The
estuarine environment is breeding ground for commercial and
sport fishes and little data are available concerning the influence
of pesticides upon their general life history. A program was
recently established to obtain detailed data on the interaction of
pesticides in the estuarine area of the Weweantic River on the
northwestern shore of Buzzards Bay. The pesticide investigation
will study the possibility of acute toxic conditions occurring from
single instances of pesticide application. As the occurrence of
parathion in the estuary is ephemeral at most, and, as parathion is
one of the major insecticides now used on cranberrv bo«rs this
study is of major significance^ The objectives of ,his projecfare to
study the larval blackback flounder mortality under controlled
1-46
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1. PESTICIDE RESIDUES AND AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS
laboratory conditions; to study a comparative larval mortality in
three widely separated geographical areas; to conduct bioassay
studies which will delimit tolerance levels, especially for
blackback larval flounder; and to conduct a more critical study of
the occurrence of area specificity, as evidenced in previous chro-
matographic patterns.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
1.0254, PESTICIDE RESIDUE EFFECTS ON LARVAL
MARINE FISHES
C.F. COLE, Univ. of Massachusetts, School of Agriculture, Am-
herst, Massachusetts 01002
Effects of chronic, low-level pesticide exposures on eggs and
larvae of the winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus,
Walbaum) are being evaluated. A previous segment of this pro-
ject examined chlorinated hydrocarbon residue levels in winter
flounder from the Weweantic River estuary, a small tidal tributary
of Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts. The effects of these residue
levels on the reproductive success of the flounder using this estua-
ry as spawning and nursery grounds is of particular concern. Field
investigations have demonstrated that certain insecticides (DDT
and dieldrin) commonly used in the watershed by cranberry cul-
turing and mosquito control programs are present in the flounder;
heptachlor is also .present but its source is unknown. Increasing
concentrations of these insecticides were noted in flounder ova-
ries during the months prior to spawning. Laboratory investiga-
tions are presently underway to determine what concentration
ranges of the insecticides residues in gonadal tissues generate
measurably adverse effects during reproduction. The survival of
eggs, larvae, and juveniles spawned from dosed adults is being fol-
lowed and the reproductive success is then to be evaluated in light
of concentrations from gonads of similarly treated adults. Gas-
liquid chromatography is the major analytical tool. The flounder
dosing and rearing experiments are being undertaken at the Bu-
reau of Sport Fish and Wildlife Laboraory, Narragansett, Rhode
Island.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Environ. Protect. Agency - O.O.W.P
1.0255, FACTORS AFFECTING PESTICIDE TOXIC1TY
S.I). MURPHY. Harvard University, School of Public Health.
Boston. Massachusetts 021 15
The long term goal of the proposed research is to contribute
to the understanding of relationships between metabolism and
toxicity of pesticides. Major emphasis will be placed on studies of
species comparisons of metabolic and toxic interactions of or-
ganophosphorus insecticides with other chemicals and drugs.
Species to be studied include members of 4 classes of vertebrates;
mammals, birds, fish and amphibians. Chemicals which inhibit tis-
sue hydrolases or which induce or inhibit microsomal enzymes
that are involved in the metabolism of phosphorothioates will be
studied to obtain time and dose response relationships for both ef-
fects on metabolism and effects on toxic interactions in intact
animals. A search for a possible physiologic significance for the
potent carboxylesterase inhibiting properties of some phosphate
insecticides will be made. Newer insecticides which have relative-
ly low acute toxicity will be studied to determine their potential to
produce subtle effects that are unrelated to the well known an-
ticholinesterase action of orgnophosphates. It is felt that this
research will contribute to the understanding and predictability of
adverse effects of pesticides in man and other desirable species.
An indirect, but important objective will be to provide a stimulat-
ing research program as a base from which graduate students can
develop thesis research projects.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Hlth. Ed. & Wei. N.I.H.
1.0256, RATES OF PESTICIDE BUILDUP IN SALMONIDS
RECENTLY INTRODUCED IN THE GREAT LAKES
R. RE1NF.RT. U.S. Dept. of Commerce. Natl. Marine Fisheries
Service. Ann Arbor. Michigan 48107
A program to follow the buildup of insecticides in lake trout
and coho salmon that have recently been introduced into Lakes
Michigan and Superior. The eggs and fry will be studied before
the fishes are introduced into the lakes and then as these popula-
tions develop they will be sampled periodically. When the fishes
reach maturity their eggs and progeny will be examined for insec-
ticide levels.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Commerce N.O.A.A.
ID. FOOD CHAINS
1.0257, FIELD STUDIES OF PESTICIDE EFFECTS ON
FISHES
M.E. BENDER, Univ. of Michigan, School of Public Health, Ann
Arbor. Michigan 48104
Description: The objective of this project is to establish ac-
ceptable exposure levels of methoxychlor for fish and other
aquatic organisms. This objective will be reached by determining
the effect of long-term exposure to sub-lethal levels of methox-
ychlor by laboratory bioassays and in natural stream conditions.
Effect on fish growth will be established in the laboratory with
bioassays on two species offish. Effects on fecundity, survival and
production of fish populations and production of benthic organ-
isms will be established from studies in controlled stream environ-
ments.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Environ. Protect. Agency O.O.W.P.
1.0258, LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON
AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES
M.E. BENDER, Univ. of Michigan, School of Public Health, Ann
Arbor, Michigan 48104
The long-term effects of parathion and endrin exposure to
aquatic invertebrates are being studied under continuous flow
conditions. Test organisms include: the stonefly Acroneuria, the
caddis flies Hydropsyche and Chimarra, the dobsonfly Corydalus
and crustaceans Asellus and Gammerus. Measurement of effects
is being evaluated by: mortality rates, growth, time of molting,
success of emergence and reproduction success of crustaceans.
The acute and chronic effects of the hydrolysis products of
malathion. parathion, and sevin are also being studied.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior O. Wtr. Res. Rch.
1.0259, QUALITY FACTORS OF LAKE MICHIGAN
COHO SALMON FLESH
L.J. BRATZLER, Michigan State University, Agricultural Experi-
ment Sta., East Lansing, Michigan 48823 (MICL03061)
OBJECTIVE: Determine the effect of the spawning process
(period) on the quality of Coho salmon flesh. Determine the level
of possible pesticide residues in Coho salmon flesh.
APPROACH: Flesh quality characteristics of Coho salmon
prior to and during the spawning period will be studied. Such fac-
tors as muscle pigmentation change, muscle firmness, protein, fat,
moisture, cooking shrink, and taste panel evaluation of aroma,
flavor, and acceptance will be used to characterize flesh quality
changes that may occur. The effect of freezing and frozen storage
will be studied and would include such criteria as defrosting drip
loss, rancidity measurements, cooking shrink, and taste panel
evaluation. Pesticide determinations would be made on the fresh.
cooked fresh, frozen, frozen stored, and cooked frozen salmon. It
is contemplated using salmon from three or four periods. These
would include fish samples taken from Lake Michigan sometime
prior to the normal spawning period as examples of first quality
Coho salmon flesh. Samples would also be taken during the
spawning period to obtain information relative to quality degrada-
tion that may occur due to the physiological process of spawning.
PROGRESS: Coho salmon (78) were obtained that
presented 1968 spawning or post-spawning (A); 1969 pre-
spawning (B); and 1969 spawning or post-spawning (C) periods.
Taste panel scores were highest for B with little difference
between A and C; females were scored higher than males. Perox-
ide values showed more relationship (negative) to taste panel
scores than percent protein, fat, moisture, or fish size. DDT levels
in uncooked whole salmon steaks ranged from 2.2-13.8 ppm and
were 1.7-10.2 ppm in comparable cooked steaks. Trimmimg fatty
regions from the steak reduced residues proportional to the
amount of fat removed, but never exceeded 40%. Wide variation
between individual samples made comparison of residues
1-47
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1. PESTICIDE RESIDUES AND AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS
between pre-spawning and spawning fish impossible. Results for
DDE and TDE showed similar variation.
SUPPORTED BY Michigan State Government Lansing
offish to pesticide toxicity.
SUPPORTED BY Michigan State Government - Lansing
1.0260, PHYSIOLOGIC RESPONSE OF AQUATIC OR-
GANISMS TO POLLUTANTS
P.O. FROMM, Michigan State University, Agricultural Experi-
ment Sta., East Lansing, Michigan 48823 (MICL00122)
OBJECTIVE: Determine physiological cause of death in
aquatic animals most susceptible to pollutants, establish the
symptoms of sublethal amounts of pollutants. Identify responses
which have value as diagnostic symptoms of pollution toxicity.
Determine validity of findings in predicting population changes in
habitats subjected to pollution.
APPROACH: Kinetics of surface binding of chromium to
cells made and studies of metabolic respones offish. Investigation
of pathway(s) of excretion by fish of two radionuclides (Cr and I)
permeability offish skin.
PROGRESS: Studies using the isolated-perfused trout gill
preparation have indicated that when perfused with Ringer solu-
tions having sodium concentrations less than normal plasma
levels there was a net uptake of sodium from the bath solution.
Perfusion fluid sodium level and epinephrine both appear to con-
trol the rate of sodium uptake by isolated gills. Experiments with
various inhibitors indicated that sodium uptake is an oxidative
metabolism dependent and an ATP dependent system which may
be independent of rate and pattern of fluid flow through the gill.
In gills exposed to dieldrin, rotenone and MS-222
(tricainemethanesulfonate) flow rates in muL/min dropped sig-
nificantly, whereas exposure to methoxychlor had no effect.
Histological sections of india ink perfused gills exposed to these
test chemicals have not yet been completely evaluated and results
will be reported later. Studies of the effect of these same chemi-
cals on sodium transport by isolated gills were made using flame
photometric analytical procedures but the results were generally
unsatisfactory. New studies using radiosodium and radioiodine
labeled protein are now underway and reliable data should be ob-
tained. Studies of the effect of ammonia on nitrogen excretion by
intact fish have been terminated. When ambient ammonia was in-
creased total-N and ammonia-N excretion decreased, excretion
of urea remained relatively constant and the excretion of waste
protein-N showed a slight increase. Some five per cent of the total
waste-N excreted remained unidentified.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - C.S.R.S.
1.0261, BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF PESTICIDE
RESIDUES IN FISH
H.E. JOHNSON, Michigan State University, Agricultural Experi-
ment Sta., East Lansing, Michigan 48823 (MICL03078)
OBJECTIVE: Determine the effect of specific pesticides in
varied combinations on the growth and reproduction of fish and
fate and effect of pesticide residues in fish subjected to environ-
mental stress. Identify the source of pesticide residues in selected
inland water of Michigan.
APPROACH: Fish will be exposed to graded series of pesti-
cide concentrations under continuous flow conditions to measure
effects on gonad development, egg fertility, and embryo survival.
Stress conditions (thermal, osmotic, and diet) will be superim-
posed on exposure conditions and effects evaluated by analysis of
growth, pathology and reproductive success. Blood chemistry will
be monitored as an indicator of residue mobilization.
PROGRESS: The analysis of echo salmon eggs from Lake
Michigan and Lake Superior show only slight differences in DDT
concentration between streams and between fish of different
sizes. Abnormally high mortality of the fry from Lake Michigan
sources indicated the fry absorbed toxic residues from their yolk
sacs during the fourteenth week after fertilization. The data in-
dicates pesticide residue concentration and mortality tend to
decline during the later parts of the spawning run. The presences
of residues which interfere with gas chromatographic analysis of
DDT confounded the interpretation of the significance of pesti-
cide residues to the mortality. A proportional diluter was
developed and tested to provide chronic exposure of fish to
sublethal concentrations of dieidrin in the study of pesticide ef-
AND NATURE OF
BIPHENYLS IN COHO SALMON
LEEUNGMichigan State University, School of Agricul-
ture, East Lansing, Michigan 48823
The proposed research plan involves laboratory investiga-
tions aimed at determining the amount of polychlonnated biphen-
yl (PCB) and terphenyl compounds present in Coho salmon from
Lake Michigan and the chemical identity of each major com-
ponent. The main approach will entail organic solvent extraction
of salmon samples, column chromatographic separation of
chlorinated components into a DDT-complex fraction and a PCB
fraction and a gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric charac-
terization of the individual components.
The data will provide an accurate determination of PCB
residue levels and their composition in Coho salmon, thus per-
mitting a rational interpretation of the significance of these com-
pounds with respect to the fish.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - O. Wtr. Res. Rch.
1.0263, STREAM STUDIES TO DETERMINE TOXIC EF-
FECTS OF METHOXYCHLOR IN FISH POPULATIONS
J.W. MERNA, State Res. & Dev. Division, Lansing, Michigan
48926
Objective: To determine the effects of long-term exposure to
sublethal level of methoxychlor on fish populations in experimen-
tal streams, especially on fecundity and reproduction of fathead
minnows and yellow perch.
Procedure: The effect of methoxychlor on reproduction,
growth, and production of fathead minnows and yellow perch will
be measured in the experimental streams. To demonstrate effects
on reproduction we will determine fecundity, deposition of eggs,
size of eggs and hatching success in relation to concentration of
methoxychlor. The determination of growth and production of
fish will be based mainly on young-of-the- year during their first
growing season. Production will be measured by survival and
growth of the young-of-the-year plus growth of the adult brood
stock.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior Bu. Sport Fish.
1.0264, LABORATORY BIOASSAYS TO DETERMINE
TOXIC EFFECS OF METHOXYCHLOR IN FISH
J.W. MERNA, State Res. & Dev. Division, Lansing, Michigan
48926
Objective: To determine lethal levels of methoxychlor, and
effects of sublethal levels on growth and reproduction of fathead
minnows and yellow perch in aquaria.
Procedure: Laboratory studies involve the use of four con-
tinuous flow bioassay units, with fathead minnows and yellow
perch as test fish. We have fatheads in three units being dosed at
2.0, 1.0, 0.5, 0.25 and 0.125 micrograms 1. The unit containing
perch is dosed at 10.0,5.0,2.5, 1.25 and 0.625 micrograms 1. We
previously reported the 96-hour TL50 values of methoxychlor to
be 7.5 micrograms/1 for fathead minnows and 20 micrograms/1 for
perch. The effects of methoxychlor in the bioassay units will be
determined by measuring growth of both species, and measuring
success in spawning by the fatheads.
of thSC^eHU1^ T,h'S J°b 'S continuous throughout the year. Some
of the individual tests have now been completed. Lethal levels
and ^ We *"' t°m terminate *e fi"<
1-48
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1. PESTICIDE RESIDUES AND AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish. SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
1.0265, A TISSUE ENZYME ASSAY FOR CHLORINATED
HYDROCARBON INSECTICIDES
L.K. CUTKOMP, Univ. of Minnesota, School of Agriculture,
Saint Paul, Minnesota 55101
Description: The overall objective is to be able to develop a
detecting system for insecticide polluted water utilizing an en-
zyme assay. The experimentation will relate the effects of
chlorinated hydrocarbons to their effect on fish. A secondary ob-
jective is to determine which tissues of fish are most sensitive
when tested for ATPase enzyme activity and inhibition by a
chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticide. This objective becomes im-
portant in interpreting the results in relation to physiological
disturbances, symptoms, and mortality. The important enzyme
adenosine triphosphatase, ATPase has been chosen because our
present research shows it to be inhibited by the chlorinated
hydrocarbon insecticides.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Environ. Protect. Agency - O.O.W.P.
1.0266, MODE OF ACTION OF INSECTICIDES AS RE-
LATED TO INSECT METABOLISM AND BEHAVIOR
L.K. CUTKOMP, Univ. of Minnesota, Agricultural Experiment
Sta., Saint Paul, Minnesota 55101 (MIN-17-047)
OBJECTIVE: Determine the effects of insecticides, particu-
larly chlorinated hydrocarbons and pyrethrum on the enzyme
systems, adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) both in vitro and in
vivo. The insecticidal effects and the ATPase enzyme activity will
also be related to periodic (rhythmic) physiological events in the
insect.
APPROACH: Accepted current biochemical determinations
will be made of the ATPase enzyme system in nervous and muscle
tissues of American cockroaches, honey bees and other insects.
Known dilute concentrations of DDT, other chlorinated
hydrocarbons and pyrethrum will be tested for specific inhibitory
effects on the enzyme system. In addition, the specific activity of
the enzyme system and insecticide sensitivity will be related to
periodicity in the American cockroach, using established light
and dark lighting regimes during a 24-hour day.
PROGRESS: Basic information on the activity of the ATPase
enzyme system has been determined in muscle and nerve cords of
American cockroaches. The inhibition of the enzyme has been
determined by in vitro and in vivo experiments. Alpha and gamma
chlordane gave much greater inhibition of the ATPase enzyme in
vitro than in vivo. When roaches were injected the maximum in-
hibition was about 33% in roach muscle compared to over 85%
inhibition on the isolated enzyme system. DDT at 1 part per mil-
lion also inhibits Mg ATPase. One aspect of research pertains to
development of a tissue enzyme assay for chlorinated hydrocar-
bon insecticides in fish. Five tissues in bluegill fish have been
tested for ATPase activity and sensitivity to p,p'DDT. The highest
enzyme activity is greatest in kidney and brain, but the greatest
enzyme sensitivity to DDT occurred in muscle offish as well as in
cockroach, honeybee, and rabbit. Muscle ATPase from lake trout
muscle was also more sensitive to DDT when compared to brain
ATPase. The percent of Na -K ATPase (ouabain inhibited) in
relation to total ATPase was as follows: brain, 56.3%; kidney,
53.5%, liver, about 11%; muscle 7.4%; testis, 9.9%. A comparison
of effectiveness of insecticides on corn rootworm adults has in-
dicated increased resistance of insects to diazinon and phorate
when compared to determinations in 1968. Some rhythmicity stu-
dies on oxygen consumption have been carried out with Triboli-
um confusum.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - C.S.R.S.
1.0267, THE UPTAKE OF AND BIOLOGICAL RESPON-
SES TO AROCLORS IN CHANNEL CATFISH
J.G. ARMSTRONG, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bur. of Sport Fish.
& Wildlife, Columbia, Missouri 65201
Doses of Aroclors 1232, 1248, 1254, and 1260 will be in-
dividually administered daily by diet to groups of immature chan-
nel catfish. After 6 months, fish from each treatment will be ex-
amined for histopathology and for changes in blood serum con-
stituents. Skeletal weights and thyroid activity will be estimated.
1.0268, SCREENING PESTICIDES FOR TERATOGENIC
EFFECTS ON GAMBUSIA - CHRONIC TOXICITY OF
PESTICIDES TO FRESHWATER FISHES
J.G. ARMSTRONG, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bur. of Sport Fish.
& Wildlife, Columbia, Missouri 65201
The purpose of this work unit is to screen carbamates, fungi-
cides, insect repellents, herbicides and polychloro biphenyls for
possible teratogenic effects.
The mosquitofish, 'Gambusia affinis' will be used as a test
animal. Groups of mosquitofish containing both male and female
subjects will be fed formulations of the above compounds through
their diet both alone and in combination. Whole, cleared
specimens of the resulting progeny will be examined for anoma-
lies and histological sections will be evaluated.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
1.0269, PESTICIDE EFFECTS ON FISH ENDOCRINE
FUNCTIONS
B.F. GRANT, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bur. of Sport Fish. &
Wildlife, Columbia, Missouri 65201
Adult rainbow trout will be exposed to endrin or dieldrin in
the diet for 6 months. On the day of autopsy, the fish will be
forced to swim for 1 hr. The above constituents are to be studied.
Serum Na, K, Ca, Mg, Cl, PO4, osmolality, NPN, total protein,
electrophoretic analysis, cholesterol, creatinine, total amino
acids, cortisol, lactate, glucose, and liver glycogen of the rainbow
trout are to be studied.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
1.0270, EFFECTS ON THE SPERMIATION RESPONSE OF
GOLDFISH AFTER EXPOSURE TO SELECTED PESTICIDES
B.F. GRANT, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bur. of Sport Fish. &
Wildlife, Columbia, Missouri 65201
Adult male goldfish with developed testes will be injected
with the spermiation gonadotrophin isolated by Sephadex G-100
gel filtration to induce the 24-hr spermiation response after hav-
ing received six days exposure to various selected pesticides by
bath in a metered continuous- flow system. A range of four half-
log increments of dosage are given. The response in treated fish
will be compared to the response of controls.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
1.0271, NERVE IMPULSE TRANSMISSION CHARAC-
TERISTICS OF ISOLATED FISH-NERVE PREPARATIONS
PERFUSED WITH PHYSIOLOGICAL LEVELS OF
SELECTED PESTICIDES
B.F. GRANT, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bur. of Sport Fish. &
Wildlife, Columbia, Missouri 65201
Pilot studies on intact and isolated nerve preparations are
carried out using the Beckman Dynagraph II. Thresholds, action
potentials, accommodation, inhibition, refractory periods, and
other associated neurological phenomena in the presence of en-
countered levels of certain organochlorine toxicants in trout, cat-
fish and tilapia in nature are estimated. Definitive work will follow
as indicated by evaluation of preliminary studies.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
1.0272, THYROIDAL 1125 UPTAKE IN IMMATURE
CHANNEL CATFISH FOLLOWING EXPOSURE TO
SELECTED TOXICANTS
B.F. GRANT, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bur. of Sport Fish. &
Wildlife, Columbia, Missouri 65201
Immature channel catfish will be exposed to doses of toxi-
cants such as insecticides and polychlorobiphenyl compounds
with a continuous-flow dilutor. Survival conditions are kept op-
timal with respect to oxygen and waste accumulation. Or-
ganochlorine residues in the water and in the catfish are estimated
when appropriate. After 30 days exposure, the fish are injected, 1
ul (0.01 uc)/gm, intraperitoneally with 1125. The ability of the
thyroid to fix radioiodine in 72 hr will be evaluated.
1-49
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1. PESTICIDE RESIDUES AND AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish. SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dep, of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
1.0273, SERUM ANALYSIS OF CUTTHROAT TROUT EX
POSED CHRONICALLY TO METHOXYCHLOR PESTICIDE
EFFECTS ON FISH ENDOCRINE FUNCTIONS
F.B. GRANT, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bur. of Sport Fish. &
Wildlife, Columbia, Missouri 65201
The serum of cutthroat trout will be studied during extended
bath and feed treatments carried out at Jackson, Wyoming. The
parameters to be measured are: Na, K, Ca, Mg, Cl, HCO3
(equilibrated with 5% CO2), NPN, urea, uric acid, creatinine,
creatine, amino acids, cholesterol, total protein, and osmolality.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
1.0277, SCREENING OF PESTICIDES AGAINST FISH AT
COLUMBIA MISSOURI
H.D. KENNEDY, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bur. of Sport Fish. &
Wildlife, Columbia, Missouri 65201
The objective of the work is to determine relative acute tox-
icity indices of a variety of pesticides, and combinations of pesti-
cides, tested against several species offish, under both static and
continuous flow conditions of exposure. The work will involve
determining TL 50 values for various periods of exposure under
standard conditions of temperature and water quality.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
1.0274, COMPARISON OF METHODS USED TO MEA-
SURE ESTERASE ACTIVITY. INTERACTIONS BETWEEN
PESTICIDES ON FISH ENZYME SYSTEMS
J.W. HOG AN, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bur. of Sport Fish. &
Wildlife, Columbia, Missouri 65201
This work unit will attempt to correlate results of esterase ac-
tivity measurements obtained by two colorimetric methods and
by a manometric method. Brain tissue from three species of fish,
cutthroat trout (Salmo clarki Richardson), bluegill sunfish
(Lepomis macrochirus Rafinesque), and channel catfish (Ictalu-
rus punctatus Walbaum) will be analyzed for acetylcholinesterase
levels. The entire brain will be removed from the fish,
homogenized in deionized water, divided into aliquots, and
diluted with the appropriate buffer. At least triplicate samples of
each homogenate will be analyzed by all methods. Also, effects of
storage by freezing will be studied. In vitro inhibition will be
determined. Samples of homogenate will be incubated with vari-
ous anticholinesterase agents and the resultant decrease in
acetylcholinesterase activity will be measured. Brains removed
from fish which have been exposed to various anticholinesterase
agents will be analyzed to correlate in vivo inhibition. All results
will be analyzed statistically to determine if there are any signifi-
cant differences.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
1.0275, SEASONAL CHANGES IN ESTERASE ACTIVITY
IN FISH AND INVERTEBRATES. INTERACTIONS
BETWEEN PESTICIDES ON FISH ENZYME SYSTEMS
J.W. HOG AN, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bur. of Sport Fish. &
Wildlife, Columbia, Missouri 65201
Samples of adult bluegill and at least one species of aquatic
invertebrate will be collected at monthly intervals and assayed for
acetylcholinesterase activity. The initial study will continue for at
least one year. If statistically significant changes in esterase activi-
ty are found to be correlated with sampling date the study will be
extended for a second year and may be expanded to include addi-
tional species.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
1.0278, THE INFLUENCES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CON-
DITIONS ON THE TOXICITY OF PESTICIDES
H.D. KENNEDY, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bur. of Sport Fish &
Wildlife, Columbia, Missouri 65201
The objective of the work is to investigate the effects of
variations in bioassay conditions on the toxicity of pesticides to
fish. Controlled variation of temperature, water quality, mass-
volume relationships, and other factors will provide information
concerning the influence of such factors on fish-pesticide rela-
tionships.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
1.0279, THE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF VARIOUS LIFE
STAGES OF FRESHWATER FISHES TO THREE TOXI-
CANTS
H.D. KENNEDY, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bur. of Sport Fish. &
Wildlife, Columbia, Missouri 65201
This work attempts to evaluate differences in the uptake ac-
tivity of various pesticides among various sizes offish from egg to
adult. Representatives of the salmonids, ictalurids, centrarchids,
and other families will be studied. We will expose fish of particu-
lar lots or strains in size categories between 1-80 gm to antimycin,
chlordane, and Abate 4-E in static or flow-through bioassay test
systems to determine relative toxicity indices. Tests will be con-
ducted under standard as well as altered conditions of tempera-
ture and water quality.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
1.0280, RELATIVE SUSCEPTD3ILITIES OF FISH FAMI-
LIES TO HERBICIDES
H.D. KENNEDY, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bur. of Sport Fish. &
Wildlife, Columbia, Missouri 65201
This study attempts to evaluate phylogenetic differences in
the susceptibility of the families Salmonidae, Cyprinidae, Ictalu-
ridae, Centrarchidae, and Percidae to herbicides. Bioassay
methods with standard and altered conditions of temperature and
water quality under both static and flow-through systems will be
used to determine 24 and 96-hr TL sub 50 values.
1.0276, CHARACTERIZATION
PRESENT IN FISH BLOOD
J.W. HOG AN, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bur. of Sport Fish. &
Wildlife, Columbia, Missouri 65201
Initially, a suitable method for collecting uncontaminated
fish blood will be selected. The various types of esterase(s)
present in different fractions of blood will be characterized. This
characterization will probably include such parameters as op-
timum substrate, optimum substrate level, optimum enzyme level,
specific activity, effect of divalent cations, etc. Ideally, at least
two species will be studied at the same time so that comparisons
can be made. When the basic parameters are known the effect of
various anticholinesterase agents will be studied. Initial studies
will be in vitro, however, in vivo studies will be incorporated at a
later date. In vivo studies will be designed to take advantage of the
fact that the effect of a pesticide on individual specimens can be
followed in the blood without sacrificing the animal.
OF ESTERASE(S) SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
1-50
1.0281, INVESTIGATION OF STRESS-INDUCED MO-
™™I'°™OF ^SECTICIDE RESIDUES - CHRONIC
TOXICITY OF PESTICIDES TO FISH
vr^MfACEK' U-S' Dept' of the Ir
-------
1. PESTICIDE RESIDUES AND AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS
and metabolized during exposure, as well as the activity of such
residues during stress.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
1.0282, CHRONIC EFFECTS OF DURSBAN ON WARM-
WATER FISH
KJ. MACEK, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bur. of Sport Fish. &
Wildlife, Columbia, Missouri 65201
Objective: To assess the chronic effects from contact expo-
sure treatments of pesticides to warm-water fish in six one-tenth
acre ponds at Columbia, Missouri. The fish will be exposed to
various treatments of different concentrations. Samples of fish
will be taken at predetermined times for chemical residue analy-
sis, stomach samples, and for histopathological examination.
Measurement of fish growth, survival, and reproduction will be
made. Effects on other factors of the pond ecosystem: aquatic in-
vertebrates, vegetation, plankton, and water quality will also be
measured.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
1.0283, EFFECTS OF PARATHION AND MALATHION
ON WARM-WATER FISH PONDS
K.J. MACEK, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bur. of Sport Fish. &
Wildlife, Columbia, Missouri 65201
Objective: To assess the chronic effects of the insecticides
malathion and parathion, alone and in combination, on the ecolo-
gy of warm-water fish ponds. The ponds will be treated at approx-
imately 28 day intervals with 0.5 Ibs/acre of either or both of the
insecticides. Chemical analysis will be performed on fish, water,
mud and vegetation to measure insecticide residues. Effects on
cholinesterase activity, histology, growth, feeding habits, and sur-
vival of green sunfish and channel catfish will be evaluated.
Changes in structure of the invertebrate populations will be mea-
sured.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
1.0284, UPTAKE, PERSISTENCE AND METABOLITES
OF SEVIN BY CHANNEL CATFISH
KJ. MACEK, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bur. of Sport Fish. &
Wildlife, Columbia, Missouri 65201
The objectives of this research are to determine the kinetics
of uptake, metabolism and distribution of Sevin. Adult channel
catfish are exposed to 14C Sevin either by continuous flow bath
or daily in their feed. Two treatments levels in duplicate are used
for bath and feed exposures. Rates of accumulation and total
amounts of Sevin and it's metabolites are monitored at 3, 7, 14,
28, and 56 days. Chemical distribution and half life will be evalu-
ated at the end of the study.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior Bu. Sport Fish.
1.0285, CHRONIC TOXICITY OF PESTICIDES TO
FRESHWATER FISHES
F.L. MAYER, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bur. of Sport Fish. &
Wildlife, Columbia, Missouri 65201
This work is a continuing program for deriving toxicities of
various pesticides against freshwater fishes in a flowing-water
system. The exposure interval may be as brief as 96 hr, but mostly
dosages are adjusted to allow the test to go 21-30 days or, in some
instances, longer. Tests will be conducted under standard, as well
as varied, conditions of temperature and water quality.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
1.0286, EARLY SQUAMATION OF BLUEGILL (LEPOMIS
MACROCHIRUS) AND FATHEAD MINNOWS
(PIMEPHALES PROMELAS) EXPOSED TO AROCLORS
F.L. MA YEK, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bur. of Sport Fish. &
Wildlife, Columbia, Missouri 65201
Patterns of early scale development will be studied on
bluegill and fathead minnows receiving selected levels of the
Aroclors 1242 and 1254. Chronic exposures will be given by bath.
The fish samples will be sampled at pre-determined intervals,
cleared with a 10% solution of concentrated hydrogen peroxide,
stained with alizarin red, and their squamation compared with
known patterns of development.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
1.0287, CHRONIC TOXICITY OF PESTICIDES TO FISH
F.L. MAYER, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bur. of Sport Fish. &
Wildlife, Columbia, Missouri 65201
The effect of Aroclors 1242 and 1254 on residual storage of
DDT and dieldrin in bluegill, channel catfish, and rainbow trout
will be determined. Fish will be treated via food or bath for four
weeks. Liver detoxifying enzyme activities will be determined at
selected intervals. Fish will be killed and analyzed for or-
ganochlorine residues at 0, 1,3,7, 14, and 28-day intervals.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
1.0288, PESTICIDE EFFECTS ON FISH ENDOCRINE
FUNCTIONS
P.M. MEHRLE, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bur. of Sport Fish. &
Wildlife, Columbia, Missouri 65201
Rainbow trout will be exposed to six months of DDT, diel-
drin, and a combination of the two and subjected to 4 weeks of
forced swimming. Seven samples will be taken at intervals of 6
hr., 24 hr., one wk., two wk., three wk., and four wk. Serum glu-
cose, liver glycogen, and total serum amino acids will be deter-
mined to relate to estimations of total body lipid, total body
nitrogen, and pesticide residues.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
1.0289, PESTICIDE EFFECTS ON NITROGEN METABOL-
ISM IN TELEOSTS
P.M. MEHRLE, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bur. of Sport Fish. &
Wildlife, Columbia, Missouri 65201
Parameters of nitrogen metabolism will be studied on fish
receiving various doses of selected pesticides. Chronic and acute
exposures of pesticides will be given by feeding and bath. Blood
serum and liver preparations will be analyzed for specific amino
acids, total protein, and collateral constituents related to lipid and
carbohydrate metabolism. Biological activities of oxidative
diaminases and amino tranferases are studied to elucidate
mechanisms of induced dysfunction of intermediary nitrogen
metabolism by selected pesticides. Chemical assays for amino
acids will be carried out by GLC.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
1.0290, PESTICIDE EFFECTS ON NITROGEN METABOL-
ISM IN TELEOSTS
P.M. MEHRLE, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bur. of Sport Fish. &
Wildlife, Columbia, Missouri 65201
Parameters of nitrogen metabolism will be studied on fish
receiving various doses of selected pesticides. Chronic and acute
exposures of pesticides will be given by feeding and bath. Blood
serum and liver preparations will be analyzed for specific amino
acids, total protein, and collateral constituents related to lipid and
carbohydrate metabolism. Biological activies of oxidative
diaminases and amino transferases are studied to elucidate
mechanisms of induced dysfunctions of intermediary nitrogen
metabolism by selected pesticides.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
1.0291, PESTICIDE EFFECTS ON FISH ENDOCRINE
FUNCTIONS
D.S. MINTZ, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bur. of Sport Fish. & Wil-
dlife, Columbia, Missouri 65201
Pilot studies of intact and isolated nerve preparations are to
be carried out using the Beckman Dynagraph II, oscilloscope, and
photographic recording equipment. Thresholds, action potentials,
accommodation, inhibition, refractory periods, and other as-
sociated neurological phenomena will be studied. Changes of nor-
1-51
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1. PESTICIDE RESIDUES AND AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS
mal characteristics induced by neurological toxicants will be eval- layer chromatography (introducing the samp•? * columns for
uated -j i *\ ..jii u*. ctnAit*A. The use 01 ^«H« /
uated.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
1.0292, MINERAL IMBALANCE IN BLUEGILLS EX-
POSED TO MALATHION PESTICIDE-INDUCED MINERAL
IMBALANCE IN FISH
E.T. OBORN, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bur. of Sport Fish &
Wildlife, Columbia, Missouri 65201
For acute concentrations of malathion Sexed bluegills
would be exposed to acute or near acute concentrations of
malathion in either/or both bath water or from capsule ingestion.
Sample harvest would follow 24 hours later.
For chronic concentrations of malathion - Sexed bluegills
would be exposed to chronic concentrations of malathion for 30
days in either bath water and/or in the feed. Sample harvest would
follow the 30-day exposure.
After both acute and chronic exposures to malathion, brain
and blood would be incubated and measured for acetylcholine
hydrolysis. Additional procedures followed and methods used
would be in accordance with standard colorimetric analysis.
Blood smears would be taken and blood coagulation time and he-
matocrit percent would be measured. After dissecting and proper
processing, the tissues would be examined for iron, manganese,
copper, zinc, phosphorus, calcium, and magnesium content.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
1.0293, UPTAKE AND METABOLISM BY FISH OF 2,4-D
DIMETHYL AMINE SALT
C.A. RODGERS, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bur. of Sport Fish. &
Wildlife, Columbia, Missouri 65201
Rainbow trout, channel catfish, bluegills, and bass will be ex-
posed to 1.0 and 5.0 ppm of the Dimethyl Amine Salt of 2,4
Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid under laboratory conditions. I4C
ring labeled 2,4-D will be used as a tracer to determine total
residue levels and distribution in organs. Exposure will be for
three weeks with variable sampling intervals. Tissue extracts with
high residue levels will be examined by TLC.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior Bu. Sport Fish.
1.0294, CONTINUOUS-FLOW BIOASSAY OF PESTICIDES
TO EVALUATE THE ACUTE AND CHRONIC EFFECTS OF
PESTICIDES TO FRESHWATER INVERTEBRATES
H.O. SANDERS, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bur. of Sport Fish. &
Wildlife, Columbia, Missouri 65201
The proposed research will evaluate the acute and chronic
effects of pesticides and combinations of pesticides on aquatic in-
vertebrates exposed in continuous-flow systems. We will derive
estimates of TL-50's for various periods of exposure under stan-
dard conditions of temperature and water quality. Particular
emphasis is to be placed on sensitivity of different life cycle
stages, molting, and emergence success.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
1.0295, DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNIQUES FOR
IDENTIFICATION OF PESTICIDES AND THEIR
METABOLITES BY MASS SPECTROMETRY
D.L. STALLING, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bur. of Sport Fish. &
Wildlife, Columbia, Missouri 65201
A Perkin Elmer Model 270 mass spectrometer-gas chro-
matograph will be installed and employed to identify pesticides
and their metabolites and other compounds of interest in fish,
water, and related samples. Carbon-14 labeled insecticides will be
employed to aid in the separation and purification of pesticides
prior to mass spectrometric examination. The study of metastable
ions by defocusing normal ions will be employed and should
greatly assist structure identification.
The initial efforts will be directed toward developing
techniques and optimizing operating parameters as well as obtain-
ing standard spectra of pesticides and metabolites. The use of the
direct probe for introducing samples chromatographed by thin
be studied. The use
separation of compo
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
YWTHOXYCHLOR-CAUSED EFFECTS ON
HRONIC TOXICI-
Wildlife, Columbia, Missouri 65201
The purpose of the work is to measure chronic effects from
the exposure of cutthroat trout to methoxychlor at Jackson,
Wyoming Fish will be divided into lots and sub-lots and held in
pens in hatchery raceways. Some groups will be given no methox-
ychlor, some given methoxychlor in feed at two levels, and some
given methoxychlor baths at two levels. Samples will be taken ac-
cording to a pre-arranged schedule, and fish will be examined and
measured for growth, pathology, incidence of disease, blood
chemistry, insecticide residues, mortality, reproduction, and
quality of offspring. Comparisons among lots will be made to as-
sess effects of methoxychlor.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
1.0297, THE FATE AND EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES IN
THE AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT OF THE FLATHEAD LAKE
DRAINAGE AREA
A.R. GAVFIN, Univ. of Montana, Graduate School, Missoula,
Montana 59801
Samples of water, mud, plankton, higher aquatic plants, fish,
bird eggs, and fat from birds as pheasant, and deer will be
analyzed with a gas chromatograph for residual pesticides. The
procedures to be used for the chromatographic analysis will
necessarily have to be varied with the type of sample, but analyses
performed on deer fat samples during the last year are indicative
of methods which will be used. The analyses were performed
using a model 27-700 chromatograph manufactured by the Jar-
rell-Ash Co. The chromatograph is equipped with an electron
capture detector employing tritium coated foil as an electron
source. The 46' x 1/4' pyrex column was packed with 1.5% Se- 30
on Chromasorb G SMCS, A/W, 70/80 mesh. The carrier gas,
nitrogen, was maintained at 28 Ibs. per sq. inch. The column tem-
perature was 185 degrees C.; the detector temperature was 190
degrees C.; the injector temperature was 185 degrees C.
The extraction procedure was the same for each sample. Fif-
teen grams of the wet tissue were dessicated for 36 hours at 60
degrees C., then transferred to a mortar and pestle and
homogenized. A 1.10 gram sample of the homogenized material
was extracted in a 10 milliliter tissue grinder four times, using 5
milliliters of nano grade hexane for each extraction. The 20 mil-
liliters of extract were filtered, the filtrate evaporated to 5 mil-
liliters and transferred to a tightly capped serum vial for analysis.
For the analysis 15 to 30 microliter aliquots were injected into the
chromatograph.
The number of samples which will be analyzed will be depen-
dent on the personnel and time available, but enough samples will
be tested to be significant. The samples will be taken from various
areas in the Flathead Lake-Ninepipe Reservoir drainage system
and pesticide levels will be correlated with such data as sources of
contamination, plankton productivity, nesting populations of os-
preys, fish distribution and kills. Inasmuch as a project is being
conducted at the Biological Station dealing with plankton produc-
tivity and water quality in the lake, and the Fish and Game De-
partment is conducting a study offish populations in the lake this
proposed project will be coordinated withffiStudies
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - O. Wtr. Res. Rch.
THE USE OF
AND
, Lincoln, Nebraska
1-52
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1. PESTICIDE RESIDUES AND AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS
Objectives: 1. To complete and publish the manuscript begun
in Segment 15. 2. To complete statistical analysis of data col-
lected from six drainages in Nebraska and prepare for publication
those aspects of the study which warrant reporting in technical
journals.
Procedures: 1. Complete and publish the manuscript begun
in Segment 15. This will be a descriptive paper expressing the
results obtained from analyzing channel catfish fat and blood
samples for DDT and dieldrin residues. Samples were collected
from 18 major drainages in Nebraska. The manuscript will be sub-
mitted for publication in 'Pesticides Monitoring Journal.' 2. Com-
pile data obtained from six major drainages and analyze statisti-
cally the relationship between pesticide residue detected in fish
and various physical parameters. The established parameters are:
rainfall, land use, drainage basin size, and calculated amount of
pesticides applied during the period from 1960 to 1964. Prepara-
tion of a manuscript for publication is conditional pending the
outcome of the statistical analyses.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
1.0299, ACCUMULATION OF PESTICIDES IN MEN-
HADEN
S.M. WARLEN, U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Mid All. Ctl. Fish. Res.
Ctr., Beaufort, North Carolina 28516 (028176406)
Technical Objective: Identify and quantify the or-
ganochlorine insecticides in successive life history stages of At-
lantic menhaden and in the ambient waters and the food of men-
haden. Measure uptake and loss rates of selected insecticides,
determine uptake sites, and test effect on growth of menhaden.
Approach: Monitor insecticide residues in bi-weekly samples
of menhaden, water, plankton-detritus, and sediments of the
Newport River, N.C. Measure uptake rates of C14-labelled insec-
ticide metered into the water and in food. Subsequently measure
loss rate of the acquired insecticide. Changes in length of fish in
experimental and control groups will be the criterion for deter-
mining the chronic effect on growth of constant or intermittent
exposure to persistent pesticides.
Progress: Have collected ovaries and testes from adult men-
haden, also have made collections of larval and juvenile men-
haden throughout and 8-month period and water and plankton-
detritus for a 2-month period. Pesticide residue analyses of sam-
ples by liquid-gas chromatography have begun. Studies on uptake
and loss rates and effects on growth have not yet begun.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Commerce - N.O.A.A.
1.0300, THE EFFECT OF DIELDRIN ON SURVIVAL AND
DEVELOPMENT OF FISH EGGS
R.A. TUBB, Ohio State University, Graduate School, Columbus,
Ohio 43210
Dieldrin is the most commonly found insecticide in the major
river basins of the United States (Breidenbach, 1967). Over 1.5
million acres in Ohio are treated annually with aldrin which is
rapidly oxidized to dieldrin. Natural populations of fishes and fish
eggs have been surveyed for dieldrin residues. Currently eggs
from Stizostedion vitreum, Ictalurus punctatus and Pylodictus
olivaris are being subjected to concentrations of 0.05 ppb to 125
ppb dieldrin.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
1.0301, THE UPTAKE OF DIELDRIN IN THE THREE
RIDGED NAIAD, AMBLEMA PLICATA
R.A. TUBB, Ohio State University, Graduate School, Columbus,
Ohio 43210
Amblema plicata occurs throughout the Ohio River drainage
and is becoming increasingly important for export in the cultured
pearl industry. Since this mollusk remains stationary for long
periods of time, it can act as a pesticide monitor in streams.
Recent studies have shown that naiads concentrate chlorinated
hydrocarbons. This study is an attempt to find the levels of diel-
drin in natural populations and experimentally determine the up-
take and excretion rates of the pesticide.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
1.0302, TOXICITY OF SELECTED METALS TO CONDI-
TIONED FISH
F. W. WEIR, Ohio State University, School of Medicine, Colum-
bus, Ohio 43210
The concentrations of copper, zinc, cadmium, and malathion
which impair conditioned responses offish after short-term expo-
sure will be compared with the concentrations which produce
deleterious effects on the life cycle of fish after chronic expo-
sures. Research will begin June, 1970, and is expected to continue
through May, 1972.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Environ. Protect. Agency - O.O.W.P.
1.0303, BIOCHEMICAL EFFECTS OF TOXIC CHEMI-
CALS
D.R. BUHLER, Oregon State University, Agricultural Experi-
ment Sta., Corvallis, Oregon 97331 (ORE00921)
OBJECTIVE: Investigate the effects of various microchemi-
cal environmental contaminants on the biochemistry and
physiology of animals.
APPROACH: Initially we plan to examine the effects of the
chlorinated bisphenols especially hexachlorophene, trivalent and
hexavalent chromium and the chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides
on selected biochemical and physiological systems. The absorp-
tion, fate and metabolism of orally and percutaneously absorbed
hexachlorophene in the dog, rat and fish; the histopathology of
chlorinated bisphenol intoxication; the binding of bisphenol to
macromolecules; and the effects of the chlorinated bisphenols on
selected electron transport enzymes will be investigated. The up-
take and distribution of trivalent and hexavalent chromium and
their effects on various biochemical and physiological systems
will be studied using fish as a simple model system. This latter
phase of our investigations also will include an examination of
energy production, stress tolerance and the adaptation to tem-
perature in fish previously exposed to chromium. The influence of
pesticides on free amino acid, trace heavy metal and calcium
metabolism will be studied, using rats, birds, and fish.
PROGRESS: Levels of hexachlorophene in sewage treatment
plant effluents and in the Willamette River have been measured
by gas chromatography and the presence of these chemicals
verified by mass spectrometry. Other investigations have shown
that hexachlorophene is quite toxic to small trout with a 24 hour
TL(m) concentration of less than 100 ppb. Initial studies in rats
have shown that administered hexachlorophene is conjugated and
excreted by rats primarily in the bile. Hexachlorophene also has
been found to be a very potent inhibitor of oxidative phosphoryla-
tion in rat liver mitochondria.
SUPPORTED BY Oregon State Government - Salem
1.0304, EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON ESTUARINE OR-
GANISMS
R.A. MILLEMANN, Oregon State University, School of Agricul-
ture, Corvallis, Oregon 97331
Studies are continuing on the establishment of a well-
balanced community of organisms in laboratory models of an
estuary. The chronic effects of Sevin and other pesticides on
members of such communities will be studied. Studies are in
progress on the effects of the insecticides Sevin and Dursban on
the survival, growth, and reproduction of the Dungeness crab, the
viviparous shiner perch, and the oviparous chum salmon.
Biochemical studies on the modes of action of Sevin and its
metabolites on estuarine organisms are continuing.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Hlth. Ed. & Wei. - C.P.E.H.
1.0305, EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON ESTUARINE OR-
GANISMS
R.E. MILLEMANN, Oregon State University, Agricultural Ex-
periment Sta., Corvallis, Oregon 97331 (ORE00665)
OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the acute toxicity of sevin to certain
estuarine organisms.
1-53
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1. PESTICIDE RESIDUES AND AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS
APPROACH: Use short term bioassays. Determine the ef-
fects of sevin on a community of organisms in artificial mud flats.
Follow the residual life and metabolism of sevin in estuarine or-
ganisms and in their environment. Study compounds related to
sevin, as well as other pesticides.
PROGRESS: Studies on factors necessary to maintain animal
communities in laboratory models on an estuary were completed.
The effect of the insecticide sevin on such communities will now
be studied. Studies on the effects of sevin on survival and growth
of the Dungeness Crab were completed. A manuscript reporting
the results has been accepted for publication by the Journal of
The Fisheries Research Board of Canada. Studies on the effects of
sublethal concentrations of the insecticide dursban on reproduc-
tion and growth of shiner perch are being continued.
SUPPORTED BY Oregon State Government - Salem
1.0306, PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN OR ON RAW
AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES
A. KURTZ, Penn. State University, Agricultural Experiment Sta.,
University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 (PEN01804)
OBJECTIVE: Determine pesticide residues on plants and
animals. Develop standardized sampling and analytical methods
for pesticide residues. Distribution and coordination of pesticide
residue information.
APPROACH: Determine residues on fruit, vegetable, forage
and animal products. Chemical and biological methods of residue
analysis will be used. Emphasis will be on developing methods for
new chemical analyses, determining pesticide residue on untested
crops, and improvement of methods not now entirely satisfactory.
Research data from all NE stations will be coordinated, residue
disappearance curves on all types of crops will be prepared, and
other pesticide information of value to this and other regions will
be distributed.
PROGRESS: A micro florisil cleanup method as described by
Henry F. Enos, et al., Perrine Primate Research Branch, USPHS,
Perrine, Fla., was instituted. The method involves the grinding of
500 mg samples in Dual tissue grinders, handling of small liquid
volumes with disposable Pasteur pipettes, and the use of only 1.5
g florisil for the cleanup stage. A large number of animal parts and
organs have been analyzed with these procedures. The technique
is now being used to analyze all fat samples from cattle adipose
tissue, milk butterfat, and fish oils. Apple pomace has been found
to be an effective and safe cattle feed in Pennsylvania in using
current processing methods and at current DDT contamination
levels. Fat samples contained no more than 3 ppm total DDT
when fed pomace for six months. Lake Erie Coho salmon, caught
near the Pennsylvania shoreline, were found to contain DDT
within the legally prescribed limits. Maximum concentration was
found to be 1.2 ppm based on whole fish filet. A collaborative
butterfat analysis study for BHC was completed under the
auspices of the FDA District Laboratory in Buffalo. Methods
generally were found to be good and in needed areas corrective
procedures are being instituted. The Pennsylvania Station is
cooperating with other Pennsylvania Laboratories and the Buf-
falo FDA Laboratory in monitoring and attempting to solve a seri-
ous BHC milk contamination problem. Cows high in BHC are
being given special rations in an effort to reduce the contamina-
tion.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - C.S.R.S.
1.0307, PESTICIDE TOXICITY TO MARINE FISH AND
INVERTEBRATES
UNKNOWN, U.S. Environ. Protection Agcy., Narragansett
Laboratory, West Kingston, Rhode Island 02892
No summary has been provided to the Science Information
Exchange.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Environ. Protect. Agency O.O.W.P.
1.0308, EFFECTS OF TOXICANTS UPON FISH MOVE-
MENT PATTERNS
J CAIRNS, Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Agricultural Experi-
ment Sta., Blacksburg, Virginia 24061 (VA-0303229-1)
OBJECTIVE: One of the most cnt.cal needs for
pollution control is a biological monitoring technique.that
associated with the effluent system and provide continualI infor-
mation feedback on quality. Most biolog-cal assessment
techniques either estimate how much waste can be tolerated on
the basis of bioassays or how much damage, if any, has occurred
after the waste has been placed in the stream. These are
worthwhile assessments but they do not provide rapid and con-
tinual information on waste quality. The objective is to develop a
rapid means of assessing the non-lethal effects of toxicants upon
fishes.
APPROACH: Goldfish and several other test species will be
exposed to zinc and several other test compounds to assess the
response range to a specially designed apparatus that measures
fish movement. Also, a species, such as Aequidens portalegrensis,
will be placed in several 'no response' or 'safe' concentrations to
breed, and the growth and reproductive success will be deter-
mined.
SUPPORTED BY Virginia State Government
1.0309, INHIBITORY EFFECT OF DDT IN ATPASE
ASSAY MIXTURES
C.B. CROSTON, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bur. of Sport Fish. &
Wildlife, Cook, Washington
Homogenates will be made of fish tissues, particularly liver
and muscle, and will be assayed for adenosine triphosphatase ac-
tivity. Various amounts of DDT will be added to the assay mix-
tures to measure the inhibitory effect. A few percentages of
liquids having a wide range of solvent powers, such as dimethyl-
formamide and dimethylsulfoxide, will be included in the assay
mixtures to attempt increased dissolution of the DDT. The
amounts of inhibition will be compared to distinquish different
ATPases of cellular fractions, tissues and fish species.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
1.0310, EFFECT OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES ON GAME
FISH POPULATIONS
W.D. BRUNSON, State Dept. of Game, Olympia, Washington
98501
Project: To determine the effect of pesticides on game fish
populations.
Objective: To determine the timing in respect to life cycle
and the method by which pesticides accumulate in immature fish
and the physical changes which result from this accumulation.
Procedures: Monitoring will be accompanied by microscopic
examination.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
1.0311, ELIMINATE OR REDUCE EFFECTS OF PESTI-
CIDE RESIDUES
W.D. BRUNSON, State Dept. of Game, Olympia Washington
98501
Project: To eliminate or reduce effects of pesticide residues
on game fish.
Objective: To eliminate or reduce the effects of pesticide
residues on game fish in trout hatcheries.
Procedure: Activated carbon filter will be installed and spe-
cial pesticide free diets (if available) will be fed selected lots of fry
to determine if mortalities can be reduced by this method. Filters
will be experimented with at the Game Department's Columbia
Basin Hatchery which has a record of mortalities indicating that
the major cause may be the presence of DDT and its metabolites.
Dietary experiments will also be conducted at the Basin Hatchery.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
1.0312, EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION ON
FISH DISEASES - ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES AND
RESISTANCE ^CIIANISMS OFCRAINBOW
G. WEDEMEYER, U.S. Dept. of the Interior Bur of Snort Fi.h
& Wildlife, Seattle, Washington 98115 P°rt Flsh'
1-54
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1. PESTICIDE RESIDUES AND AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS
Inhibition of Na ion, K ion-activated adenosinetri
phosphatase (salt pump) of kidney, brain and gills is potentially
important in the susceptibility to stress, and hence infection,
which has been noted in fishes chronically exposed to or-
ganochlorine pesticides.
The hypothesis will be investigated using chlordane, DDT,
and endosulfan with the rainbow trout as the test species.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
1.0313, SUBLETHAL AMOUNTS OF ORGANIC INSECTI-
CIDES AND FISH
M. KATZ, Univ. of Washington, School of Fisheries, Seattle,
Washington 98105
Because of the rapid progress of knowledge being accumu-
lated during the past year, the study is being modified significantly
from the original application. There will be two major portions of
the study. 1. The principal investigator and assistants plan to mea-
sure and identify the chlorinated hydrocarbons being accumu-
lated by trout in the commercial, state and federal trout hatche-
ries in Eastern Washington. After these parameters are
established, the egg-bearing females will be transported to a com-
mercial hatchery in the vicinity of Seattle, and the loss of
chlorinated hydrocarbons will be followed in the adult fish and
the eggs that are derived from these fish.
This is an effort to determine the rate of excretion or break-
down of chlorinated hydrocarbons that is occurring under the
hatchery operating conditions. These data obtained will docu-
ment the solution to an insecticide toxicity problem that has been
solved empirically by the commerical trout grower. The state and
federal hatcheries who have not been able to follow this
procedure are suffering disastrous egg losses. The loss of the
chlorinated hydrocarbons will be evaluated by chemical analysis
of the tissues of the adult fish and of the developing eggs.
2. A second project is to investigate the possible use of ac-
tivated charcoal in fish feeds to reduce the absorption of
chlorinated hydrocarbons which are almost universally present in
the prepared fish foods fed to trout. Artificial diets will be made
up containing 0.1, 1.0 and 5.0 ppm of DDT and other diets will be
made up of the same concentrations of DDT but containing 0.1%,
1% and 5% activated charcoal. These diets will be fed to fish and
their growth mortality and reproductive success will be measured.
If preliminary trials are successful, appropriate analyses for DDT
will be made.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - F. Wtr. Qua. Adm.
1.0314, RESIDUES OF THANITE IN FISH MUSCLE
J.L. ALLEN, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bur. of Sport Fish. & Wil-
dlife, La Crosse, Wisconsin
Thanite (isobornyl thiocyanoacetate) is a promising fish col-
lecting aid, but to comply with U.S. Food and Drug Administra-
tion requirements, information on residues in fish is required.
After a suitable analytical method is obtained (work unit FR-
2125-1156-70-6) selected fish will be exposed and analyzed for
Thanite residues at selected withdrawal intervals. Observations
will be made on the length of time necessary for the disap-
pearance of residues.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
1.0315, RESIDUES OF TFM IN FISH-LA CROSSE
J.L. ALLEN, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bur. of Sport Fish. & Wil-
dlife, La Crosse, Wisconsin
TFM (3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol) is an effective agent
for control of sea lamprey. The registration of this control agent is
partially dependent on the concentration and persistence of TFM
residues in fish.
Selected fish are exposed to concentrations of TFM which
are effective for control of sea lamprey. The fish are than placed
in fresh water. Samples of fish are taken at selected intervals and
analyzed for TFM residues by gas chromatography. This informa-
tion indicates the amount of TFM residue taken in by the fish and
the length of time required for elimination of the TFM residue.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
1.0316, STATIC BIOASSAY OF TRACERS AND DYES
AGAINST FISH AND INVERTEBRATES
L.L. MARKING, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bur. of Sport Fish. &
Wildlife, La Crosse, Wisconsin
Organic dyes are used by fishery managers and fish culturists
to: 1. trace movements and velocities of surface and underground
waters. 2. tag applications of toxicants or herbicides in aquatic en-
vironment. 3. 'tattoo' or mark fish subcutaneously for future
identification. 4. arrest infections by fungi on fish and fish eggs.
A primary step in the clearance and registration of a dye is a
thorough evaluation of its toxicity (safety) to fish. Candidate
tracers and dyes are found in the literature or referred to us by
fish culturists or fishery biologists. Standard bioassay methods are
used to establish lethal and nonlethal concentration for selected
species of fish. Lethal concentrations (LCSO's) are derived for
selected life stages of fish in waters of different temperature,
water hardness, and pH. Additional bioassays may demonstrate
the persistence of the chemicals in water and the effects on other
organisms within the environment. The results indicate whether
the candidate control warrants further development as a tool for
fishery management.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
1.0317, FISHERY RESOURCES PROGRAM
R.A. RAGOTZKIE, Univ. of Wisconsin, School of Letters, Madis-
on, Wisconsin 53706
The program is divided into four major areas: I. Biological
consequences of introducing exotic fishes into the Great Lakes.
A. Coho salmon (2 projects). B. Alewife (3 projects): II. The ef-
fects of biocides on the fauna of the Great Lakes: A. A pathology
study (1 project): B. Pesticide levels of wintering birds (1 pro-
ject): III. Bacteria in Great Lakes fishes: Intestinal, disease and
pollutional relations. (1 project): IV. Utilization of trash fish: A.
Fermentation offish lipids 'in situ.' (1 project): B. Biohydrogena-
tion offish oil fatty acids. (1 project).
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Commerce - N.O.A.A.
1.0318, CHRONIC TOXICITY OF PESTICIDES TO COLD-
WATER FISH
D.V. SWEDBURG, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bur. of Sport Fish.
& Wildlife, Jackson, Wyoming
Aroclor 1248 will be administered for 160 days to immature
lake trout in dietary concentrations of 1,2, 3,6, and 12.0 mg/kg of
food giving dosage rates of 36.9, 108, and 360 ug/kg of body
weight per day. Aroclor residues, mortality, and pathology will be
evaluated throughout treatment and for 70 days after treatment.
The fish will be tested for thyroid activity, recovery time from
hexabarbital anesthesia, and their ability to withstand thermal
shock after the exposure.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
1.0319, EFFECT OF HERBICIDES ON AN AQUATIC EN-
VIRONMENT
H.H. FUNDERBURK, Auburn University, Agricultural Experi-
ment Sta., Auburn, Alabama 36830 (ALA-05-0003)
OBJECTIVE: Study absorption, translocation, and distribu-
tion of a phloem mobile herbicide (2,4-D) and a xylem mobile
herbicide (simazine) in Eurasian milfoil. Study the effect of
diquat, paraquat, simazine, dichlobenil, and at least 1 additional
promising aquatic herbicide on certain metabolic processes of
aquatic plants. Study the degradation of diquat, simazine, and
2,4-D in an aquatic environment (water, plants, soil and fish).
Determine the effect of promising aquatic herbicides on fish.
APPROACH: Labeled and non-labeled compounds will be
used in laboratory, growth chamber and field experiments. Analy-
sis will use several chromatography methods, qualitative and
quantitive chemical analysis, autoradiography and spectroscopy.
1-55
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1. PESTICIDE RESIDUES AND AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS
PROGRESS: Degradation of 2,4-DBEE was rapid usually
within 24 hours to 2,4-D in all systems containing living organ-
isms. The main degradation products were CO(2) and a complex
of 2,4-D and an unknown molecule. Degradation was greatest in
carboxyl carbon label and least in ring labeled 2,4-D. Absorption
and translocation by watermilfoil was greatest with the ester ap-
parently aiding in absorption to structure of the side chain. All
plants contained only 2,4-D which was readily translocated
acropetally and basipetally as well as leaked out of the non-
treated root and shoot. Degradation by UV light may be a factor
in degradation of the ester, with 50% degradation in 12 hours to
2,4-D. Degradation of 2,4-D under the conditions of the experi-
ment was not a large amount. The ester apparently hydrolyzed in
water solution since 2,4-DBEE steadily broke down to 2,4-D
under such conditions. The effect of 2,4-DBEE on watermilfoil
was readily observable, since only 0.029 ppm killed within 14
days indicating the small amount needed for such results.
SUPPORTED BY Alabama State Government
1.0320, REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF FISH-EAT-
ING BIRDS IN NORTHERN CALIFORNIA
J.R. KOPLIN, Humboldt State College, School of Natural
Resources, Arcata, California 95521
Objectives: to relate reproductive performance offish-eating
birds in Lassen, Plumas, Humboldt and Del Norte Counties,
California to pesticide pollution and to recreational disturbance.
Reproductive performance measured by recording numbers
of eggs laid, numbers of eggs hatched and numbers of young
fledged by breeding pairs of ospreys, western grebes, eared
grebes, pied-billed grebes, double-crested cormorants, great blue
herons, Forrester's terns and black terns. Extent and levels of
pesticide pollution determined by gas chromatographic analysis
of addled eggs and fish. Recreational disturbance measured by
comparing reproductive performance of the birds in areas with
moderate to heavy recreational activity vs. areas with little or no
recreational activity.
Osprey reproduction in Lassen and Plumas Counties less
then 1.2 young per breeding pair, the rate considered necessary to
maintain population stability. Measurements on ospreys in Hum-
boldt and Del Norte cgunties, and measurements on reproductive
performance of other birds initiated spring 1971.
SUPPORTED BY California State Government - Sacramento
1.0321, CLASSIFICATION, BIONOMICS, ECOLOGY
CONTROL OF FOREST INSECTS (OTHER THAN
SCOLYTIDAE) IN CAL.
R.W. STARK, Univ. of California, Agricultural Experiment Sta.,
Berkeley, California 94720 (CA-BO-ENT-1777)
OBJECTIVE: Study biology, distribution and factors affect-
ing the abundance of species of sawflies, seed and cone insects,
tip weevils and tip moths in California and to seek methods of
control.
APPROACH: Surveys of cone and seed insects and their
natural control agents will continue. Studies nearing termination
include the biology and ecology of a cone beetle, two species of
sawflies, a tip weevil, and a tip moth. Future studies involve in-
vestigation of control methods for sawflies and methods of sam-
pling and assessing damage of two species of cone beetle. Radio-
graphic inspection of forest tree seed from the California Division
of Forestry seed nursery at Davis will continue.
PROGRESS: The use of artificial nesting boxes to augment
bird populations, well known in Europe, is relatively new to this
continent. Studies now in their third year have demonstrated the
applicability of this technique, notably for the mountain
chickadee. These studies have been concentrated in stands
periodically defoliated by the Douglas fir tussock moth. Results of
studies on a complex of scale insects occurring in outbreak num-
bers suggest that the outbreak was the result of extensive
mosquito abatement treatment.
SUPPORTED BY California State Government - Sacramento
1.0322, THE CHEMISTRY AND TOXICOLOGY OF
AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS .,,»•!.
W.W. K1LGORE, Univ. of California, School of Agriculture,
Davis, California 95616
This is a program project concerned with the chemistry and
toxicology of selected agricultural chemicals. The program is
broad in scope, encompassing not only a number of specific
research projects, but also a program planning and coordination
activity. The activities of the Director's Office involve the
planning, activation and coordination of research and training
projects related to the mission of the Food Protection and Tox-
icology Center.
All research projects relate to the Chemistry and Toxicology
of Agricultural Chemicals. They are categorized under three
general headings: 1) Analytical Methods and Instrumentation, 2)
Biological Manifestations of Toxicity, and 3) Environmental Fate
of Pesticides and their Effects.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Hlth. Ed. & Wei. - N.I.H.
1.0323, INVESTIGATION OF MEANS FOR CON-
TROLLED SELF-DESTRUCTION OF PESTICIDES
K.H. SWEENY, Aerojet General Corporation, El Monte, Califor-
ma91734 (14-12-596)
Description: Original contract was to investigate the feasibili-
ty of controlled degradation of pesticides. New, unpublished in-
formation obtained since the original contract was met indicates
that more extensive degradation than to DDE is necessary if
severe reproductive effects to predatory and fish eating birds is to
be prevented. The new requirement for more extensive degrada-
tion will require the development of more vigorous catalytic con-
ditions and the use of analytical techniques capable of identifying
and determining a variety of products. The increased technical
complexity of the work will require the use of more experienced
and expensive personnel.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Environ. Protect. Agency - O.O.W.P.
1.0324, PESTICIDES AND WILDLIFE
M.S. MULLA, Univ. of California, Agricultural Experiment Sta.,
Riverside, California 92502 (CA-RO-SSE-2131)
OBJECTIVE: Study the relationship of insecticides to wil-
dlife species. Develop specific public health insect control mea-
sures in wildlife habitats, with the hope to eliminate or diminish
hazards to non- target species.
APPROACH: The productivity, food chain relationships and
biological characteristics of predominant components of the eco-
system will be investigated. Degradation and detoxification
avenues and mechanisms in a variety of habitats and organisms
will be elucidated. Residues of insecticides in water, surface and
sub-soil strata, aquatic vegetation and non-target organisms, by
means of gas chromatography. Colorimetric procedures and
other appropriate analytical methods will be studied. The biologi-
cal and lexicological effects of insecticidal treatments influencing
animal populations in the treated area will be investigated will be
investigated. B
PROGRESS: Residue analytical methods were developed
and applied in a field project for Dursban that could accumulate
in mud, water, aquatic plants, aquatic organisms, fish, ducks, and
insects. Analytical methods were developed for reproductlvely
determining. The true and apparent solubilities of organochlorine
pesticides in very pure water and in 'soil water.' The utility of the
forced volat.taat.on technique for the cleanup of pesticide or
res.due-conta.nmg extractives Was precisely ev Juated for seve^
organochlonne insecticides. Biological effects of n K
ganophosphate larvicide was studied inTfreth-? *" °f~
This material was highly toxic to Cladocera T eC°SyStem'
Copepods, but not toxic to rotifers v-laaocera. less toxic to
1-56
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1. PESTICIDE RESIDUES AND AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS
SUPPORTED BY California State Government - Sacramento SUPPORTED BY Delaware State Government
1.0325, SELECTED PESTICIDES VS. WILDLIFE IN
AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS
J.O. KETH, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Sport Fish. &
Wlife., Denver, Colorado
Objectives: Marshes and other aquatic habitats are treated
with insecticides for mosquito control and also exposed to pollu-
tion in waste agricultural water. It is necessary to determine the
persistence, accumulation, and flow of pesticides through the
tropic levels of marsh ecosystems and to learn the effects these
pollutants have on aquatic wildlife species. Of special importance
is to evaluate the impact on reproduction of predacious birds,
many of which, such as the osprey, brown pelican, and white-
faced ibis, have suffered reproductive failures.
Procedures: The movements, feeding, behavior and
reproduction of marsh birds are studied by observation, capture
and marking, collection and analysis of specimens, and a variety
of other field and laboratory techniques. Invertebrate food items
are collected and analyzed for pesticide content. Nests are ex-
amined for egg breakage and samples collected for shell measure-
ment and residue analysis. Various environmental parameters,
such as vegetation and water quality are measured.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior Bu. Sport Fish.
1.0326, ALGAL FOODS OF SHELLFISH (MICROORGAN-
ISMS AFFECTING SHELLFISH PROGRAM)
R. UKELES, U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Natl. Marine Fisheries
Service, Milford, Connecticut 06460
Recent interest in aquaculture as a means of increasing the
worlds food supply and saving commercially valuable species
from extinction, has focused attention on the role of unicellular
algae in the aquatic environment. The methods of shellfish cul-
ture being developed for commercial hatcheries make it necessa-
ry to devise means of raising food organisms, namely unicellular
algae. We are providing large amounts of unialgal cultures for a
pilot plant hatchery and also working on more efficient methods
of culture, harvesting and storing algal cells. We have investigated
the effects of pollutants found in the environment, as pesticides,
herbicides and detergents, on algal growth. The nutritional
requirements and effects of antimetabolites on growth of various
species are under study, as well as physical factors important in
growth, such as pH, temperature, and light.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Commerce - N.O.A.A.
1.0327, ECOLOGICAL STUDIES OF WILDLIFE
MANAGEMENT PRACTICES
E.P. CATTS, Univ. of Delaware, Agricultural Experiment Sta.,
Newark, Delaware 19711 (DEL00729-E)
OBJECTIVE: Study mosquito prevalence and mosquito-fish
predation food chains on low-level impounded salt marshes in
Delaware.
APPROACH: Fish in low-level impoundments will be tagged
and released to study their movements and concentrations with
respect to tidal inundations and mosquito control effectiveness.
Stomach analysis of fish will be made and observations of num-
bers and kinds of conspicuous fish predators recorded. Physical
changes such as tides, water temperature, salinity and water table
of adjacent upland areas will be measured and their influence on
mosquito-fish food chains and marsh ecology evaluated.
PROGRESS: Tabanidae: Canopy traps were refined by en-
larging the dimensions and replacing the white muslin apron with
one of black polyethylene. The effectiveness of canopy traps
baited with dry ice, propane flame, lactic acid, sticky panels and
of unbaited traps was compared. Dry ice still proved to be the
most attractive bait with high counts of 1000 tabanids per hour.
Unbaited traps attracted about 300 flies per hour. Removal of
tabanids captured in canopy traps indicates a corresponding
decrease in fly population levels suggesting the use of canopy
traps for effective local fly control.
1.0328, PESTICIDE MONITORING PROGRAM LAKE
MICHIGAN AND TRIBUTARIES IN ILLINOIS
B.J. LELAND, State Dept. of Pub. Health, Springfield, Illinois
62706
Description: The objective is to determine whether substan-
tial amounts of the persistent chlorinated hydrocarbon insecti-
cides are reaching Lake Michigan from Illinois by way of stream
discharge, effluent discharge, or stormwater runoff. A second ob-
jective of the monitoring program is to evaluate present levels of
these insecticide residues found in sediments and within organ-
isms representing different levels of the aquatic food-chain in
Lake Michigan and Illinois tributaries. These evaluations will
serve as base-line data against which future evaluations can be
compared.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Environ. Protect. Agency - O.O.W.P
1.0329, FATE OF AQUATIC HERBICIDES IN THE
AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT
R.C. HILTIBRAN, State Natural History Survey, Urbana, Illinois
61801
The proposed research will investigate the fate of the aquatic
herbicides, diquat and endothall, after their introduction in the
aquatic environment for the control of specific plant pests.
The toxicity of aquatic herbicides to aquatic plants and fishes
has been documented. It has been recognized that aquatic herbi-
cides may adversely affect other aquatic biota, but this has not
been as well documented.
Data concerning the persistence of aquatic herbicides in
water and their removal from water is accumulating. The research
proposed is directed to the point: can aquatic herbicides be used
in potable water, where their use may be necessary, and not con-
stitute a potential hazard to people using the water? If so, what
herbicides can be used and under what conditions?
The length of time the herbicides can be detected in water
will be estimated. How are the herbicides removed from the
water? Are the herbicides taken up by the fishes and aquatic
biota, and to what extent? What are the interactions of the herbi-
cides with the aquatic environment? Can the aquatic herbicides
gain access to food utilized by humans? Data from the proposed
research will permit a greater understanding of the questions
raised.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - O. Wtr. Res. Rch.
1.0330, THE FATE OF SELECT PESTICIDES IN THE
AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT
W.H. LUCKMANN, State Natural History Survey, Urbana, Il-
linois 61 SOI
Objectives: 1. To conduct laboratory and field investigations
with furadan and select insecticides and herbicides, and to
analyze the long and short-term subtle, direct, and interaction
responses on the living and non-living constituents of the aquatic
environment; (2) to develop and improve analytical and biologi-
cal techniques and methodology essential to investigations on the
fate and effect of pesticides in the aquatic environment.
Approach: Radiolabeled furadan, analogs of furadan, and
select other pesticides will be traced through highly reproducible
laboratory aquatic food chains containing various combinations
of algae, daphnia, snails, tilapia, gambusia, mosquito larvae, and
small bluegills. The fate of the pesticide or the effect of the pesti-
cide on organisms within the laboratory aquatic system will be
determined.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Environ. Protect. Agency - O.O.W.P.
1.0331, CONSTRUCTION OF PESTICIDES DEGRADABLE
BY NORMAL MICROFLORA OF NATURAL WATERS AND
SOILS
R.E. KALLIO, Univ. of Illinois, School of Life Sciences, Urbana,
Illinois 61801
It is proposed to establish the amount of substitution, halogen
or other substituent group, which can be appended to aromatic
1-57
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1. PESTICIDE RESIDUES AND AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS
rings and still leave them degradable by normal microflora in
natural waters and soils. An analysis of the kinds of microorgan-
isms capable of degrading such substituted aromatic rings will be
undertaken and it will be established whether the enzymes
required for the degradation are inducible. Such induced enzyme
systems will be studied to see whether their range of aromatic ring
cleavage potentials are greater than simply rupturing the ring of
the inducer substrate. These data will be correlated with the
ground rules required for pesticide (insect or plant) toxicities.
Synthesis of molecules containing an inducer, as well as a pesti-
cide active moiety, will be undertaken and tested in the enzyme
system.
SUPPORTED BY University of Illinois
1.0332, ILLINOIS LAWS AFFECTING AGRICULTURE
N.G. KRAUSZ, Univ. of Illinois, Agricultural Experiment Sta.,
Urbana, Illinois 61SQI (ILLU-05-0163)
OBJECTIVE: Study objectively and supplement with
research into the laws of other states, the laws of Illinois of prima-
ry importance to farm people; keep teaching materials current
and complete; have information for farmers, farm organizations
and special interest groups about laws and legislation important to
them and about which they request information; and be able to
recommend legislation that will improve laws on agriculture.
APPROACH: Study laws of Illinois and other states concern-
ing farm people. Extensive search into reports and digests for
cases involving Veterinary Medicine and eminent domain cases.
Preparation and presentation of'Law on the Farm' articles from
above research.
PROGRESS: Legislative emphasis in 1968 was on environ-
mental quality and disease control as evidenced by laws
strengthening pesticide controls, upgrading brucellosis testing,
prohibiting garbage feeding, increasing inspections of poultry and
meat processing operations, extending research appropriations
for studying the harmful effects of agricultural chemicals on fish
and wildlife, etc. These laws are constantly studied for their im-
pact on agriculture and for inclusion in the some 30 printed publi-
cations from Agricultural Law that must be maintained currently.
During the year Circulars on Drainage, Condemnation and Taxes
were substantially revised and republished. Presently, research on
new legislation and on court decisions will be used to revise or
rewrite ten additional publications. Estimates indicate that the an-
nual disappearance of Agricultural Law publications is near
75,000. This is an increase of 20,000 from the College Editor's re-
port made two years ago. These publications are having a particu-
larly significant influence on farm business organization and
estate planning by farmers. For example in a recent case study of
25 farm corporations, over half volunteered the information that
they and their attorneys used our publications as a basis for deci-
sion. Other legal subjects demanding research time during the
year included the Uniform Commercial Code, Water Pollution
Law, Land Titles, and Intergovernmental Relationships.
SUPPORTED BY Illinois State Government Springfield
1.0333, DISTRIBUTION AND METABOLIC FATE OF IN-
DUSTRIAL POLLUTANTS AND PESTICIDES IN A MODEL
AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM
K.L. METCALF, Univ. of Illinois, School of Arts, Urbana, Illinois
61801
Little is known about the environmental fate, biodegradabili-
ty, and ecological magnification of the thousands of organic
micropollutants entering the environment as industrial wastes,
pesticides, detergents, etc. A simple model ecosystem with a
seven element food chain is used to evaluate these properties for
micropollutants of any type by introducing a radio tracer prepara-
tion of the compound into the ecosystem, allowing it to cycle into
the food chains, and assaying the magnitude and nature of the
radiolabeled products by thin layer chromotography, radioautog-
raphy, scintillation counting, etc. As a result of the total appraisal
each micropollutant can be rated for the degree of hazard that it
poses as an aquatic environmental pollutant. It is proposed that
the method may be of value as a standard system for judging the
suitability of proposed new pesticides and industrial chemicals for
uses that may affect water quality and lead to the establishment of
criteria and standards for permissible chermcal contaminate, of
raw water supplies. In addition, the method will provide data lead-
ing to the preparation of a catalogue of ecosystem biodegradabili-
ty in which specific types of organic compounds, including ring
systems and substituent groups, can be characterized for their
relative biodegradability and capacity for ecological magnifica-
tion.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - O. Wtr. Res. Rch.
1.0334, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS OF PESTI-
CIDE USAGE . . . ,
T.L. HOPKINS, Kansas State University, Agricultural Experi-
ment Sta., Manhattan, Kansas 66502 (KAN00781)
OBJECTIVE: Devise and improve sampling, extraction, and
analytical techniques to facilitate quantitation of pesticide
residues and degradation products in soils, plants, and animals.
Conduct a regional study of the interaction of organophosphate
insecticides and triazine herbicides employed for control of corn
pests. Examine the action, persistence, degradation, and translo-
cation of selected biocides and their metabolites in plants,
animals, and microorganisms. Describe and evaluate biocide
cycling through the soil and water environment, particularly in
reference to food chains.
APPROACH: Standardize methodology; modify new and ex-
isting techniques. Study absorption and translocation in plants
and relation to soil characteristics; interaction of chemicals;
determine degradation products and metabolites and persistence
in plants in treated soil. Determine biological effects upon total
environment; determine role of chemicals on soil microorganisms
and soil arthropods. Determine mechanisms of transport in
aquatic environment with respect to source, concentration and
adsorption by suspended material and relation to plankton and
fish; and when feasible, in soil environment, involving predator-
prey relationships.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - C.S.R.S.
1.033S, IMPACT OF PESTICIDES UPON SEMI-WILD
ECOSYSTEMS
J.B. DIMOND, Univ. of Maine, Agricultural Experiment Sta.,
Orono, Maine 04473 (ME00202)
OBJECTIVE: Continue studies of the ecological significance
of long-lasting DDT residues to contaminated forest animals;
monitor the effects on the forest ecosystem of fenitrothion ap-
plied for control of the spruce budworm.
APPROACH: As a result of DDT applications for spruce
budworm control in several previous years, areas can be found
with widely ranging levels of long-lasting DDT contamination in
soils and several organisms. Population success of animal species
in heavily contaminated areas will be compared to lightly con-
taminated areas. Special attention will be paid to reproductive ef-
fects. Fenitrothion has replaced DDT as the recommended
chemical for spruce budworm control. Little is known of the en-
vironmental impact of this new chemical. Several phases will be
studied including effect on aquatic insect populations, on
parasites of the budworm, and the effectiveness of the chemical
itself in controlling the target insect.
PROGRESS: Emphasis continued on the determinations of
levels of DDT and metabolites remaining in various components
of the forest ecosystem up to 10 years following 1 to 3 applications.
Monitoring of soils, some plants and many animals is complete for
the terrestrial environment. Residue determination in aquatic
communities is nearly complete. Residues are seen to persist
through 10 years, with some decline, in most animal species and in
soils. There is abundant evidence of food chain magnification and
of residue build up with successive applications of DDT A series
of 300 brook trout were taken from 50 streams having varying
spray histories. The fish can be expected to cover a broad ranee of
residue contamination. We will attempt to correllate ifff
in growth or anatomical parameters with residue level ences
1-58
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1. PESTICIDE RESIDUES AND AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - C.S.R.S.
1.0336, AN INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECTS OF DDT
AND OTHER CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS ON THE
GROWTH OF EURYHALINE MICROALGAE
R.L. VADAS, Univ. of Maine, School of Agriculture, Orono,
Maine 04473
The proposed research plan involves laboratory studies
directed at determining the effects of DDT and other chlorinated
hydrocarbons on the growth and photosynthesis of euryhaline
microalgae to DDT and other pesticides will be investigated.
The main approaches to these problems are as follows:
Growth studies will be conducted in light and temperature con-
trolled growth chambers. Periodic cell counts will be used to
determine growth rates at varying pesticide concentrations.
Photosynthetic rates will be determined by changes in CO2 con-
centrations using an infrared gas analyzer. Resistance to pesti-
cides will be determined through long term growth studies at
varying pesticide concentrations.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - O. Wtr. Res. Rch.
1.0337, STUDY OF CHRONIC TOXICITY OF LINDANE
TO SELECTED FRESHWATER FISHES AND FOOD CHAIN
ORGANISMS
K.J. MACEK, Bionomics Inc, Wareham, Massachusetts 02571
(68-01-0154)
Description: Conduct a study on the acute and chronic tox-
icity of parathion to the brook trout, Salvelinus Fontinalis; the
bluegill, Lepomis macrochirus; the fathead minnow, Pimephales
promelas; Daphnia magna; the scud, Gammarus lacustris; and the
midge, Tendipes (Chironomus) plumosos.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Environ. Protect. Agency - O.O.W.P.
1.0338, MECHANISMS OF PESTICIDE ACCUMULATION
IN AQUATIC ORGANISMS
R. REINERT, U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Natl. Marine Fisheries
Service, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48107
A laboratory program designed to compare the relative im-
portance which direct uptake of insecticides from water and
biological magnification via the food chain have on the buildup of
chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides in aquatic communities.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Commerce N.O.A.A.
1.0339, ECOLOGY OF PESTICIDES IN AN AQUATIC
ECOSYSTEM
R.C. BALL, Michigan State University, Agricultural Experiment
Sta., East Lansing, Michigan 48823 (MICL00961)
OBJECTIVE: Develop methods of evaluating effects of low
levels and chronic input of pesticides in an aquatic habitat. Study
of pathways and mechanisms of movement through the aquatic
ecosystem, and identification of biotic effects at each trophic
level.
APPROACH: The precision, reliability, and specificity of
'stress' analysis technic tested on insecticides in two artificial
streams. Criterion will be changes in the mobile fraction of the
plasma proteins in fish. Study movement of the toxic materials
from the soil into the ponds and follow through the organisms that
constitute the food chain leading to game fish.
PROGRESS: The fate of DDT was studied in a productive
farm pond and in three artificial pools. The effect offish and food
organisms on the degradation and distribution of DDT was as-
sessed in the pools by placing both trophic levels in one pool, just
food organisms in another pool and fish without food organisms in
a third pool. DDT applied to the experimental units was lost from
the units, apparently by codistillation with evaporating water.
DDT in the water was rapidly taken up by the flora, fauna and
sediments. DDT deposited on the bottom was degraded to DDD.
Both DDD and DDT were recycled back into the water from the
bottom. Invertebrates and fish degraded DDT and DDE. Biologi-
cal transfers of DDT facilitated its degradation to DDE. Increas-
ing the biological productivity of the lentic ecosystem appeared to
promote DDT degradation to DDE. The concentration of DDT-R
(DDT, DDD and DDE) persisting in the flora and fauna was
mediated by the concentration of DDT-R in the water. DDT-R
was concentrated from the water about 1x10 times by algae, 1 x
10 times by invertebrates and 1x10 times by lean fish.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - C.S.R.S.
1.0340, FARM FISH POND MANAGEMENT
R.C. BALL, Michigan State University, Agricultural Experiment
Sta., East Lansing, Michigan 48823 (MICL00064)
OBJECTIVE: Estimate production of plants and animals per
unit area or volume of water in farm type ponds, and natural
ponds. Determine extent fertilization of ponds will increase
production offish food (plankton, insects) and fish. Devise prac-
tical management programs for farm ponds; this includes the
number offish to plant and harvest. Detect and measure possible
detrimental effects of use of fertilizers in fish ponds.
APPROACH: Measurement release of stored nutrients in the
subaqueous soils by additon of chelating (EDTA, etc.) materials
to the waters. Tracing the paths of nutrients added to the waters
through tagging nutrients with radioactive tracers (P ), rates of
fixation of nutrients and accumulation of organic material (basic
productivity) will be measured by the C light-and-dark bottle
technic. Input of solar radiation will be measured.
PROGRESS: This project continues to evaluate aspects of
water quality as related to productivity and ecology of pond
water. Final evaluation of sodium arsenite as an aquatic weed her-
bicide revealed the impact on the total aquatic system to be
severe. Fish food organisms were effectively removed by the her-
bicide. Results indicate that sodium arsenite should be discon-
tinued as an aquatic weed control agent. Preliminary studies on
the ecology of radioactive fallout in lake and pond systems reveals
considerable accumulation of Cs by fish over the levels in water;
however, these accumulations at present fallout levels are far
below hazardous levels for human food items. The prospects of
using fallout radionuclides as tools to determine rates of ecologi-
cal processes such as food conversion and efficiencies are excel-
lent. Dissolved organic acids in farm ponds were isolated in sig-
nificant quantities. These acids interacted significantly with the
alkalinity of natural waters and appear to be a consideration in
the process of eutrophy of lakes. The yellow organic acids can be
a carbon and energy source for algae but in higher concentrations
are toxic to zooplankton, a main fish food item.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - C.S.R.S.
1.0341, EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON NON-TARGET OR-
GANISMS
J. W. BUTCHER, Michigan State University, Agricultural Experi-
ment Sta., East Lansing, Michigan 48823 (MICL00720)
OBJECTIVE: Assess the effect of insectide applications on
selected species of microarthropods which are important in the
process of organic decomposition. Examine the effect of insecti-
cides on selected species of microarthropods under laboratory
conditions in regard to their biology, development, and ecological
displacement. Investigate the effect of insecticides on the interac-
tion between phytophagons insect species and the plants parasite
of jack pine, Melampryum lineare.
APPROACH: Monitor Collembola, Acari, and Opiliones
species within dieldrin treated and untreated woodlots in Monroe
County. Determine changes in abundance and species complex in
relation to residue persistance. A series of test plots have been
established on South campus study the effects of dieldrin and
DDT on the abundance and changes in the species complex of
Collembola. Acari, and other soil arthropods. These plots are on
cultivated land and will be planted to corn yearly. Collembola and
Acari are being cultured under laboratory conditions. Individual
species are being used to determine their role in the process of or-
ganic decomposition. The consequence of insecticide application
on this process is being studied. Studies are underway to deter-
mine the effect of feeding of various phytophagous insect species
on Melampryum lineare. Field plots have been set up and dif-
ferences in feeding due to insecticide application are being com-
piled.
PROGRESS: Information on residue levels in milk, water and
soil following treatment for soil insect control has been published
1-59
465-868 O - 72 5
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1. PESTICIDE RESIDUES AND AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS
or is in press. Current emphasis is on taxonomy and biology of soil
Colembola and Oribatid mites and their resistance to chlorinated
hydrocarbon insecticides and their role in metabolizing these
chemicals to non- insecticidal compounds. A number of manus-
cripts on these subjects have been published, are in preparation,
or in press. The most complete U.S. literature on file on Oribatid
mites, along with a reference collection has been compiled at
MSU. The Michigan Collembola have been monographed.
Laboratory rearing of soil micro and macro arthropods is being
carried out successfully and are being used in pesticide food chain
and pesticide metabolism studies. It has been established that at
least one species of Collembola rapidly degrades DDT to its non-
insecticidal metabolite DDE.
SUPPORTED BY Michigan State Government - Lansing
1.0342, BIOCHEMICAL ECOLOGICAL RELATIONSHIPS
OF PESTICIDES AND THE BIO-CONSTITUENTS OF
AQUATIC COMMUNITIES
N.R. KEVERN, Michigan State University, Agricultural Experi-
ment Sta., East Lansing, Michigan 48823 (MICL00940)
OBJECTIVE: Evaluate amount, storage, build-up and
releases of pesticides under varying biological and chemical-con-
ditions.
APPROACH: Studies on contamination and levels necessary
to produce injury, debility, sterility or mortality will be con-
ducted. The physiological effects of pesticides on energy
exchange measured at the cellular level. Direct bioassay and gas
chromatography employed to monitor the accumulation of pesti-
cides in aquatic systems. Determine site of damage and identifica-
tion of effects of detergents, metallic ions, BOD and other chemi-
cals. Rate of transfer, buildup and exchange within the biota of
aquatic systmes will be determined.
PROGRESS: The sub-project under this study that has been
emphasized this past year dealt with the downstream movement
of invertebrate organisms in streams. The nocturnal nature of this
movement has been documented in the literature for very small
streams. Sampling problems in large streams must be understood
before data can have a quantitative meaning. Thus, in order to re-
late transport of pesticides or other elements via downstream
drift, it is necessary to quantify the drift. The purpose of this study
was to measure the rate of drift in three contrasting streams and
determine what relationship exists between drift rate and degree
of enrichment. Additionally an attempt was made to determine
how drift is related to current velocity. The three streams chosen
for this study were the Jordan River in Antrim County, AuSable
River in Crawford County, and Red Cedar River in Ingham Coun-
ty. Two 24-hour series of drift samples were collected in each
stream. Samples of benthic invertebrates were collected following
each 24-hour drift collecting period. To investigate the relation-
ship of current velocity to drift rate, five series of samples were
collected along a transect across the stream at three points where
the velocity was different. Although standing crop estimates did
not reflect the degree of enrichment in the streams, total drift
measurements showed a relationship to enrichment. The relation-
ship between total drift and current velocity was linear, as ex-
pected. However, the drift rate of Baetis sp. (may flies) and Simu-
lium sp. (black flies) appeared to be influenced by behavioral as
well as physical factors and was therefore non-linear. Methods for
sampling drift are discussed with suggestions for standardization
of technique.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - C.S.R.S.
1.0343, AN EVALUATION OF WIDELY USED HERBI-
CIDES ON AQUATIC PLANTS, FISH AND FISH-FOOD OR-
GANISMS
V.A. KNUDSON, Michigan State University, Agricultural Experi-
ment Sta., East Lansing, Michigan 48823 (MICL00959)
OBJECTIVE: Assess the influence of total alkalinity, pH and
temperature of the water on the effectiveness of several widely
used herbicides. Test the effect of weed control by chemical
means on fish- food organisms. Evaluate fertilization as a method
of controlling higher aquatic plants.
APPROACH: Preliminary work in the laboratory will include
study of influence of water quality on effectiveness of various her-
bicides. Toxicity of herbicides to fish will be studied in conjunc-
tion with the laboratory, experiments. While some fertilization
studies can be done in the laboratory, the major effort here will be
in farm ponds and small lakes. .
PROGRESS- Bioassays were run with two genera of
cladocerans, Simocephalus sp. and Ceriodaphma- sp., an os-
tracod, and Vivaparus purpurea, a large snail. Herbicides tested
included copper sulfate, sodium arsenite, diquat, silvex, 2,4-D,
endothal, and Hydrathal-47. The tests generated several conclu-
sions: snails were generally unaffected by all herbicides tested ex-
cept for copper sulfate, while cladocerans and ostracods were
particularly susceptible to H-47, copper sulfate, and sodium ar-
senite at all levels tested; copper sulfate, even at 0.15 ppm,
proved lethal to most organisms tested and should be studied in
greater detail, since it apparently is used at toxic levels in the en-
vironment. Endothal, silvex, 2,4-D, and, in most cases, diquat, ap-
peared to be relatively harmless to the organisms tested.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - C.S.R.S.
1.0344, TRACE LEVELS OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN
AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES IN MARKETING CHAN-
NELS
N.C. LEELJNG, Michigan State University, Agricultural Experi-
ment Sta., East Lansing, Michigan 48823 (MICL00970)
OBJECTIVE: Processing procedures for the removal, reduc-
tion, or detoxification of pesticide residues and conversion
products in agricultural commodities. Development of improve-
ment of methods for the determination of pesticide residues in
agricultural commodities.
APPROACH: Specific attention is to be directed to the
determination of the actual site(s) of origin and magnitude of
pesticide contamination in dairy products after they enter mar-
keting channels. Research is planned to attempt to develop stan-
dard and more flexible techniques for routine analysis of dairy
products.
PROGRESS: Following the preliminary studies of
chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticide residue reduction due to
cooking which was reported last year, more detailed studies were
undertaken. Little difference in magnitude of residue reduction
was observed due to cooking method (baking, broiling, frying,
deep-fat frying or boiling). Each of these methods reduced the
total DDT complex (DDT, DDE and TDE) residue level by about
25%. It was further established that trimming off the belly-flap,
lateral line and dorsal fatty regions prior to cooking reduced
residue levels between 30% and 40%. Thus, the trimming away of
fatty regions coupled with cooking reduces chlorinated hydrocar-
bon insecticide residue levels in coho salmon to about one-half
the level found on a fresh-weight basis.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - C.S.R.S.
1.0345, SELECTED PESTICIDES IN AQUATIC FUNGI IN
THE THREE RIVERS AREA
£.5. PENEKE, Michigan State University, School of Natural
Sciences, East Lansing, Michigan 48823
The proposed research plan involves field and laboratory in-
vestigations of aquatic fungi from river areas with high incidence
offish infection with Saprolegnia sp. to determine the types of or-
ganisms present and the quantities of DDT, TDE, and DDE ab-
sorbed in the mycelium. These organisms are eaten by the inver-
tebrates. The main approach in the investigation is to determine
the types of aquatic fungi and the accumulation of these selected
pesticides in certain aquatics by gas chromatography.
Laboratory investigations would employ the following
methods: 1. Isolation of aquatic fungi from the Three Rivers area
for testing. 2. Experimentally test the absorption of these pesti-
cides under laboratory conditions. 3. Determine amount of pesti-
cide in the fungi by gas chromatography.
Field investigations would include the determination of pesti-
cide accumulation in aquatic fungi as follows: 1 Colonies of fungi
in cages placed in river water would be collected for determina-
tion of pesticide accumulation in the mycelium
Laboratory and field data would be correlated. Significant
quantities of pesticides in the aquatic fungi would be of im-
portance in the food source for invertebrates and eventually for
1-60
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1. PESTICIDE RESIDUES AND AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - O. Wtr. Res. Rch. SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
1.0346, DETERMINATION OF DIGESTION RATES FOR
TROUT
C.R. ALEXANDER, State Res. & Dev. Division, Lansing,
Michigan 48926
Project and Job Objectives: To compare the growth and sur-
vival of northern pike living lakes containing various predeter-
mined fish populations.
Procedures: All fish will be removed from two test lakes. One
or more species of forage fish, e.g., bluegill, golden shiner, etc.,
will then be introduced. When a suitable population of forage fish
has been established, a known number of northern pike fin-
gerlings will be introduced. Subsequently, pike will be collected
periodically by electrofishing, netting, or other suitable means to
determine growth rates. Yearly additions of pike fingerlings will
be made in the same quantity as the original planting. In one lake
the aquatic weeds will be controlled to determine if this measure
increases the predation rate. After 3 years the fish populations
will be poisoned and final determinations made of pike growth
and survival, and size and composition of the food-fish popula-
tions. The experiments will then be continued for 3 years, but
with the species combinations of pike- bluegill and pike-shiners
reversed in the two lakes. The growth of pike in the various water
will be compared to determine if pike grow significantly faster on
a particular species offish than on another species.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
1.0347, TOXICITY HAZARD OF POLYCHOLORINATED
BIPHENYLS TO AQUATIC LIFE
UNKNOWN, U.S. Environ. Protection Agcy., Duluth Laborato-
ry, Dulutli, Minnesota 55804
No summary has been provided to the Science Information
Exchange.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Environ. Protect. Agency - O.O.W.P.
1.0348, IN VITRO POTENCY OF SEVERAL AN-
TICHOLIN ESTERASE AGENTS WITH SELECTED MEM-
BERS OF THE AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT
J.W. HOG AN, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bur. of Sport Fish. &
Wildlife, Columbia, Missouri 65201
Fish and invertebrates that normally are members of the
same aquatic ecosystem exhibit considerable variation in their
susceptibility to organophosphate pesticide poisoning. It is possi-
ble, therefore, that one or more members of an aquatic ecosystem
could be exterminated thru unwise use of a pesticide. Hence, ex-
periments initiated within this work unit will be designed to com-
pare in vitro potency of several anticholinesterase agents. This
will be accomplished by exposing brain or nerve tissue
homogenates to various pesticides and subsequently determining
the magnitude of esterase inhibition which occurs. Common
members of a conventional warm water ecosystem will be used as
sources of brain or nerve tissue. Pesticides to be tested will be
selected on the basis of potential use, mode of action, and availa-
bility.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
1.0349, INFLUENCE OF PROTOZOAN ACTIVITY ON
HALOGENATED HYDROCARBON RESIDUES - INTERAC-
TION BETWEEN MICROORGANISMS AND PESTICIDES
B.T. JOHNSON, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bur. of Sport Fish. &
Wildlife, Columbia, Missouri 65201
Axenic cultures of a broad spectrum of free living fresh-
water protozoans will be studied in vitro with selected insecti-
cides.
The parameters of this investigation will be as follows: 1. Ef-
fects on protozoan population of the insecticide. 2. Ability of the
organism to utilize the pesticide as a sole carbon source. 3. Role
of protozoans in degradation of halogenated hydrocarbon pesti-
cides. 4. Study possible use of protozoans as bio-indicators of low
concentrations of pesticides.
1.0350, THE EFFECT OF PESTICIDES ON PRIMARY
PRODUCERS IN A FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEM
B.T. JOHNSON, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bur. of Sport Fish. &
Wildlife, Columbia, Missouri 65201
Axenic phytoplankton cultures are exposed to different in-
secticides and herbicides alone and in combination at environ-
mental concentrations. The polychlorinated biphenyl Aroclor se-
ries are studied also in conjunction with pesticides.
Effects on photosynthesis are measured by changes in C14-
uptake using a liquid scintillation method. Biomass is determined
by direct cell count, dry weight and ATP content. ATP is quan-
titatively determined utilizing the luciferin-luciferase enzyme
system.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
1.0351, INTERACTION BETWEEN MICROORGANISMS
AND PESTICIDES
B.T. JOHNSON, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bur. of Sport Fish. &
Wildlife, Columbia, Missouri 65201
Accumulation, retention and passage of polychlorinated
pesticides in a freshwater food-chain are studied. Under con-
trolled laboratory conditions experiments are performed with
bacteria, algae, protozoa, Crustacea, insects and fish using both
labeled and non-labeled chlordane, toxaphene and methoxychlor
alone and in combination with the non-pesticidal polychlorinated
Aroclor series of compounds. Both simple and complex food-
chains are developed. Only environmental levels of the pesticides
are used. Residue analysis at various trophic levels are made using
several chromatography methods, liquid scintillation, autoradiog-
raphy and mass spectroscopy. Evidence of biological magnifica-
tion in the concentration of pesticides is explored.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
1.0352, BIODEGRADATION OF PESTICIDES IN A
FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEM - INTERACTION BETWEEN
MICROORGANISMS AND PESTICIDES
B.T. JOHNSON, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bur. of Sport Fish. &
Wildlife, Columbia, Missouri 65201
Degradation of polychlorinated organic compounds by
representative organisms from various levels of an aquatic com-
munity are investigated. Under controlled laboratory conditions
microorganisms, algae, protozoa, Crustacea and insects are ex-
posed to environmental levels of both labeled and non-labeled
toxaphene and chlordan. Exposure periods are varied in ac-
cordance with the organisms investigated. Degradation products
are identified and characterized utilizing thin-layer and gas chro-
matography, infrared and mass spectroscopy, and autoradiog-
raphy. Potential degradation pathways are postulated. The in-
fluence of non- pesticidal polychlorinated biphenyl compounds
(PCBs) alone and in combination with chlorinated pesticides is
investigated.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
1.0353, POND ECOLOGY AND PRODUCTION AS AF-
FECTED BY SIMAZINE
F.L. MAYER, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bur. of Sport Fish. &
Wildlife, Columbia, Missouri 65201
Five quarter-acre ponds will be stocked with bluegills,
'Lepomis macrochirus', and treated with 0, 0.1, 0.3, 1.0, and 3.0
micrograms of Simazine per liter, respectively. The herbicide will
be applied once per year (late March) for two years.
Serial samples will be taken to evaluate the following: fish
growth and reproduction, pathology, residue levels (fish, inver-
tebrates, plants, mud, and water), invertebrate population
characteristics, plant pigment ratios, pond productivity, and
water quality.
1-61
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1. PESTICIDE RESIDUES AND AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish. SUPPORTED BY U.S. Environ. Protect. Agency - O.O.W.P.
1.0354, STUDIES ON THE UPTAKE AND TRANSLOCA-
TION OF C14-LABELED DDT AND ALDRIN IN INVER-
TEBRATE POPULATIONS, FY 1970
H.O. SANDERS, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bur. of Sport Fish. &
Wildlife, Columbia, Missouri 65201
The objective of this work is to study the role of invertebrate
pesticide interaction in the aquatic ecosystem. Pesticide bio- am-
plification, using aquatic invertebrates in a simple food chain will
be investigated. Invertebrate food chains will be established in the
laboratory to investigate potential biopassage of labeled insecti-
cides and herbicides from one ecological trophic level to another.
Studies will include the following fish-food organisms: scud, glass
chrimp, daphnia, fairy shrimp, crayfish, damselflies, mayflies, and
mosquito larvae. When available, other organisms will be in-
vestigated. The study will also include the effects of continuous
exposure of invertebrates to sublethal concentrations of pesti-
cides, which may influence reproduction, life cycle stages, vigor,
and resistance of the organisms.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
1.0355, RESPIRATION RATES OF FISH-FOOD INVER-
TEBRATES EXPOSED TO PESTICIDES
H.O. SANDERS, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bur. of Sport Fish. &
Wildlife, Columbia, Missouri 65201
Invertebrates are to be exposed to varying concentrations of
several pesticides for short durations. Oxygen uptake and carbon
dioxide liberation will be estimated with a Warburg apparatus
fitted with macro-vessels. All major pesticide groups such as or-
ganochlorines, organophosphates, and carbamates will be in-
vestigated.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
1.0356, EVALUATION OF GIZZARD SHAD AS A
FORAGE FISH
A.D. MING, State Dept. of Conserv., Jefferson City, Missouri
65102
Objectives: To evaluate the gizzard shad as a forage fish and
to determine its effects on a bass, bluegill, redear sunfish and
green sunfish population.
Procedures: Populations of gizzard shad, golden shiners, lar-
gemouth bass, redear sunfish, bluegill and green sunfish were
stocked in an 8-acre lake at the Big Buffalo Creek Wildlife Area.
The population composition, reproduction, fish growth and
predator - prey relationships will be followed with frequent sein-
ing, meter netting and electro-fishing samplings. Stomach con-
tents of bass and bluegill 4 inches and larger will be collected to
determine forage preference and degree of utilization of shad.
Spawning success and population structure of gizzard shad will be
monitored. If shad become overcrowded, partial treatments with
rotenone will be used to selectively thin the shad population. In
this case, bass stomachs will be examined to correlate shad availa-
bility as forage. Effects on bass growth rates will also be evalu-
ated. Once forage and growth information have been obtained,
and providing the shad become established, a harvest schedule
comparable to those influencing public use area lakes will be
established to determine whether shad will overpopulate under
these conditions.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
1.0357, STUDY OF CHRONIC TOXICITY OF
PARATHION TO SELECTED FRESHWATER FISHES AND
FOOD CHAIN ORGANISMS
A. SPACIE, Union Carbide Corporation, Tarrytown, New York
10591 (68-01-0155)
Description: Conduct a study on the acute and chronic tox-
icity of parathion to the brook trout, Salvelinus Fontinalis; the
bluegill, Lepomis macrochirus; the fathead minnow, Pimephales
promelas; Daphnia magna; the scud, Gammarus lacustris; and the
midge, Tendipes (Chironomus) plumosos.
1.0358, PREVENTION OF
FROM COASTAL INSECT CONTROL PROGRAMS
R.C. AXTELL, Univ. of North Carolina, School of Agriculture,
Raleigh, North Carolina 27607
This project will investigate the threat to estuanne animal life
of pesticide residues drained from the state s farm lands by the
rivers and streams.
The proposed project will have three mam phases: (1) to
determine present levels and distribution of pesticides in
representative sites in sounds and estuaries along the coast and in
streams and lakes of the Coastal Plain; (2) to study experimen-
tally the breakdown or chemical alteration of pesticides in natural
waters: and (3) to study the transfer and accumulation of pesti-
cides in food chain organisms, particularly the common and
economically important estuarine species.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Commerce N.O.A.A.
1.0359, THE IMPORTANCE OF THE FOOD CHAIN IN
BOTULISM INTOXICATION AMONG WATERFOWL
LAKES AND SLOUGHS OF THE DEVILS LAKE REGION IN
NORTH DAKOTA
J.R. REILLY, Univ. of North Dakota, Graduate School, Grand
Forks, North Dakota 58201
This information is designed to investigate the importance of
the food chain in the initiation and continuance of epornitics of
botulism intoxication among waterfowl and to evaluate possible
control methods.
Investigations will involve the following: 1. Examination of
natural outbreaks of botulism to determine the type involved, the
sources of intoxication and the mechanism of transmission, via
the food chain. 2. Determination of the mode of entrance of the
organism and its toxin into the food chain. 3. The role of inver-
tebrates in the intraspecific transfer to vertebrates. 4. The possi-
ble use of marsh inoculation with B. licheniformis as a control
measure to reduce or eliminate botulism epornitics.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - O. Wtr. Res. Rch.
1.0360, TOXICOLOGY OF PESTICIDES IN THE EN-
VIRONMENT
V.H. FREED, Oregon State University, Agricultural Experiment
Sta., Corvallis, Oregon 97331 (ORE00674)
OBJECTIVE: The approach used in this study is a coor-
dinated, interdisciplinary type of investigation. It involves en-
tomologists, pathologists, pharmacologist, ecologists, analytical
chemists, physical chemists, biochemists and mathematicians.
The study attempts to assess the current behavior and persistence
of pesticides in the environment, the transport across interface
between the environment and organisms or uptake, the phar-
macodynamics and effects of various levels of organization in the
biological system. This will include effects at the molecular level
through the whole animal and the effects studied consist both of
metabolism by the organism and the effect of the xenobiotic on
metabolism and function in the organism. An important feature of
the study is the involvement of analytical chemists in all phases of
the work. A central analytical facility is available to assist in
development of new methods and the quantitation of pesticide
and metabolites in the studies.
PROGRESS: Progress has been made in the following areas:
Uptake of chemicals from the environment by food chain; analyti-
cal chemistry of pesticides including analyses of a number of
research standards; metabolism of pesticides by intact organisms
as well as isolated systems of enzymes; chemodynamics in the en-
vironment; the effect of xenobiotics on metabolism of organisms;
effect of xenobiotics on behavioral responses.
SUPPORTED BY Oregon State Government Salem
1.0361, ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY OF PESTI-
CIDES
V.H. FREED, Oregon State University, School of Agriculture
Corvallis, Oregon 97331
1-62
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1. PESTICIDE RESIDUES AND AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS
The objectives of this proposed program are: 1. To conduct
program integrated research on the toxicology of pesticide chemi-
cals and other organic chemicals that may enter man's environ-
ment. 2. Investigate the lexicological effects of these chemicals at
the several levels of biological organization. 3. To investigate the
interaction of other environmental stressors on the toxicologies!
effect of these chemicals. 4. To investigate the chemodynamics of
environmental chemicals, particularly with respect to partitioning
into exposed organisms across the organism's environment inter-
race.
The research strategy involves identification of areas of lack
of knowledge on the toxicology of a given compound, establish-
ment of goals and objectives, and then programming the research
to achieve these objectives. The data will be analyzed and
synthesized applying kinetic analyses models, as well as other
types of data analyses. A common pool of animals will be used in
the experiments with an overall treatment or experiment with a
primary chemical. Biological, biochemical analytical, and phar-
macodynamic data will be obtained on aliquots from this common
pool. Where stressors are to be studied these will be imposed as
additional experimental variables on the common pool of
animals.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Hlth. Ed. & Wei. N.I.H.
1.0362, PHARMACOLOGICAL AND ECOLOGICAL EF-
FECTS OF PESTICIDES
C.E. WARREN, Oregon State University, Agricultural Experi-
ment Sta., Corvallis, Oregon 97331 (ORE00693)
OBJECTIVE: Developing standards for the use of toxic sub-
stances that are adequate to protect the productivity of fresh
waters for organisms of value to man. Obtain understanding of
how toxic substances influence the various biological functions of
the individual organism; and obtain understanding of how toxic
substances influence food relations in biological communities.
APPROACH: Pharmacological and bioenergetic approaches
will be used in studies of the influences of toxic substances on the
biological functions of aquatic organisms; food chains in sim-
plified biological communities will be studied to determine the in-
fluence of toxic substances on food relations.
PROGRESS: Recently initiated studies have to do with the
influence of pesticides on the population dynamics of fish in
ecological systems that provide the fish-food resources. Working
with Lyle Clavin of our Statistics Department we hope to develop
models of population growth that contain environmental varia-
bles including pesticides. Preliminary experiments have demon-
strated the population densities of fish which may develop when
space is limited, but food is not. Other preliminary experiments
have been conducted that show the extent of toxicity from diel-
drin imparted to the fish from water, from food and from the two
sources combined. This information has provided us with a basis
for selecting experimental dieldrin concentrations in the popula-
tion studies, and the sizes of aquaria to be used. Our previously re-
ported toxicological investigations have included studies at the
enzyme, whole animal, and simplified ecological levels. To pro-
vide information at the cellular levels the effects of the important
industrial toxicant pentachlorophenol on tissue cultures of enb-
ryonic cells from Oncorhynchus kisutch have been studied in
media containing agamma calf serum. Threshold effects are ob-
tained with 40 mg/1 of pentachlorophenol. With 80 mg/1 the
number of cells is reduced as is the nitrogen, fat, and dried weight
of cells developing. However, the individual cells have a larger
volume, and contain more nitrogen and have a higher dried
weight than control cells.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - C.S.R.S.
1.0363, INTERCEPTION AND DEGRADATION OF PESTI-
CIDES BY AQUATIC ALGAE
L.R. WORTHEN, Univ. of Rhode Island, School of Pharmacy,
Kingston, Rhode Island 02881
The proposed research involves both collecting blue-green
algae from several stations over a two year period and the
propagation of axenic cultures of several representative species.
Those collected from natural sources will be examined to
determine the extent of pesticide (DDT and dieldrin) accumula-
tion. Radioactive isotopes of the two pesticides will be used to
determine if absorption of these compounds takes place, and if
these compounds are accumulated in the organism, or more im-
portant, if they are degraded and the pesticide metabolites
formed.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - O. Wtr. Res. Rch.
1.0364, CHEMICAL BIOCIDES IN LAKES
Y.A. GREICHUS, South Dakota State University, Agricultural
Experiment Sta., Brookings, South Dakota 57006 (SD00471)
OBJECTIVE: Determine the levels of chemical biocides in
the ecosystem of a prairie lake (Lake Poinsett). Study the effects
of these chemicals on the ecosystem of this lake.
APPROACH: Plant and animal species of the food chain of
the lake fish will be collected at the inlet and outlet areas, the lit-
toral zone, the transition zone and the settling basin zone. The
species will be identified and analyzed for pesticides. The fish,
also, will be analyzed for pesticides.
PROGRESS: All samples collected for this study have been
analyzed and the data are now being processed. Several samples
(of both sexes in most cases) of 12 species offish were examined
for 11 insecticides on both a tissue and fat basis. In addition, the
water and some components of the food chain have been ex-
amined. Some work on fish-eating birds has also been un-
dertaken.
SUPPORTED BY South Dakota State Government - Pierre
1.0365, THE EFFECT OF PESTICIDES ON AN
ECOSYSTEM
H.G. APPLEGATE, Texas A & M University System, Agricultural
Experiment Sta., College Station, Texas 77843 (TEX04001)
OBJECTIVE: At Presidio, Texas, to follow changes in pesti-
cide concentration in soil, water, bird, reptile, and animal tissue,
human urine and vegetation for a 3 year period; determine
changes in water and soil biota as functions of the physical and
chemical environments; compare species and populations of na-
tive organisms living in an area heavily treated with pesticides
with those from a similar area not treated with pesticides.
APPROACH: Samples of various organisms, soil, water and
air will be extracted and studied for pesticides. The pesticide con-
centrations will be studied in three dimensional space and corre-
lated with time and site of application.
PROGRESS: Previous work indicated that soil temperature,
soil alkalinaty and ultra-violet radiation were instrumental in
breaking down DDT at Presidio. Laboratory data indicate that of
the three factors ultra-violet radiation is the most important and
soil alkalinaty the least important. The high incidence of male C.
tesselatus has been related to high DDT concentrations. It ap-
pears as though DDT biochemically resembles steriod hormones.
Methyl parathion appears to be immobile once it reaches the
brain of mammals. Preliminary data indicates a linkage between
methyl parathion concentrations in the brain and motor behavior.
SUPPORTED BY Texas State Government - Austin
1.0366, STUDY ON THE EFFECTS OF FISH TOXICANTS
ANTIMYCIN A AND ROTENONE ON POND COMMUNITIES
R.E. LENNON, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bur. of Sport Fish. &
Wildlife, La Crosse, Wisconsin
This is a post-treatment study of the structure of aquatic
communities which have been exposed to the toxicants antimycin
A and rotenone at concentrations which may be experienced as a
result of routine field applications.
The purpose of this study is to identify any alteration in com-
munity structure which may result from the addition of the fish
toxicants. The specific objectives of the study are 1) to identify
any species of algae or invertebrates which may be eliminated fol-
lowing treatment by these chemicals, 2) to measure changes in
abundance (suppression) of aquatic organisms which may result
from application of the toxicants, 3) to compare effects of treat-
ment with low and high concentrations of toxicants, and 4) to
evaluate between the effects of toxicants and of fish grazing on in-
vertebrates.
1-63
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1. PESTICIDE RESIDUES AND AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
1.0367, PESTICIDE LEVELS IN BIRDS WINTERING ON
LAKE MICHIGAN
R.S. ELLARSON, Univ. of Wisconsin, Agricultural Experiment
Sta., Madison, Wisconsin (WIS01670)
OBJECTIVE: Investigate pesticide residue levels (particu-
larly DDT and its metabolites) in waterfowl and diving birds win-
tering on Lake Michigan. Residue levels reflect the degree of con-
tamination of the lake ecosystem. Deleterious effects of this con-
tamination upon the birds will be studied.
APPROACH: Old-squaw ducks and other diving birds ac-
cidentally taken in gill nets will be collected from commercial
fishermen. Pesticide residues in fat, muscle, whole birds and in-
gested food will be determined in adult and juvenile birds to
determine rates of accumulation, and degree of environmental
contamination. Bodily condition of birds will be compared with
data gathered in an earlier study of the same avian population.
SUPPORTED BY Wisconsin State Government - Madison
1.0368, INSECTICIDES AND EGG-SHELL DEPOSITION
J.J. H1CKEY, Univ. of Wisconsin, Agricultural Experiment Sta.,
Madison, Wisconsin (W1S01249)
OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the wildlife side-effects of insec-
ticidal use and to work out the kinetics of DDT transfer through
different ecosystems.
APPROACH: The avian effects of DDT in Dutch elm disease
control have been evaluated on 7 Wisconsin study areas and the
transfer of DDT through soils, earthworms and birds is now being
measured. A second project is measuring residues in Lake
Michigan sediments, fish, and gulls. A third is evaluating the cur-
rent status of the peregrine falcon in eastern U.S.
SUPPORTED BY Wisconsin State Government - Madison
1-64
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DESCRIPTION OF RESEARCH TASKS
2. AQUATIC PEST CONTROL
( Target Oriented Use of Chemical, Biological, Cultural, Mechanical Or
Physical Control Methods)
2A. AQUATIC INSECTS
2.0001, ECOLOGY AND CONTROL OF CERTAIN
PARASITIC DIPTERA
K.L. HAYS, Auburn University, Agricultural Experiment Sta.,
Auburn, Alabama 36830 (ALA00129)
OBJECTIVE: Determine ecological factors affecting the
abundance of deer and horse flies, Tabanidae; cattle grubs,
Hypoderma sp.; horn fly, Haematobia irritans (L.). Determine to
what extent populations may be regulated by manipulating the en-
vironment. Improve and develop traps, baits, and methods of
chemical control.
APPROACH: Collect Diptera from animals to determine
bloodsucking species abundance. Physical factors of environ-
ments of Diptera measured. Specific microenvironments of criti-
cal stages of life history measured. Environments will be manipu-
lated in field and laboratory investigations. Principles of environ-
ment and food habits fabricated and field-tested. Insecticides ap-
plied to stages of life cycle which are not parasitic.
PROGRESS: The 10-year investigation of the species com-
position of the Alabama tabanid (horse and deer fly) fauna was
terminated this year. One hundred and seven species and subspe-
cies are known from the state. An investigation of the oviposition
habits of this group of flies showed that egg masses were
deposited on plants from the edge of the pond up to 100 feet out
in the water with equal frequency. There was a preference shown
for different species of plants. Of the plants tested common smart-
weed (Polygonum hydropiperoides) and rice cutgrass (Leersia
oryzoides) were preferred. Thirty-six per cent of the egg masses
were parasitized by egg parasites with parasitism ranging from 1
to 70 per cent of the eggs. Only 40 per cent of the parasites were
successful in emerging from the eggs. Larvae of the Tabanidae
were subjected, in laboratory tests, to predation by other insects
in the same habitat. Members of the orders Coleoptera, Odonata,
and Hemiptera prey on the newly hatched larvae. Experiments
are being conducted to show the rate of cannibalism among these
larvae. Dust bags containing malathion, methoxychlor, gardona,
tiguvon, and Co-Ral have been placed in covered gates leading to
small pens containing a salt trough. Movement of cattle through
the gate causes each animal to be dusted with insecticide. All
treatments have provided some horn fly control, but the latter
three insecticides appear to be most effective. Field research
using plastic pools has shown that complete mats of floating
vegetation (Spirodela) inhibit mosquito breeding, whereas,
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - C.S.R.S.
2.0002, EMERGENCY INSECT CONTROL MEASURES
FOR ALASKA
R.H. WASHBURN, Univ. of Alaska, Agricultural Experiment
Sta., Palmer, Alaska 99645 (ALKP00303)
OBJECTIVE: Devise, emergency control measures for
hazardous insect infestations; document outbreaks; recommend
control measures against accidental infestations by importation of
infested plant materials.
APPROACH: Investigating and documenting reports of
unusual insect activity. Corrective measures will be recom-
mended to the Alaska Division of Agriculture.
PROGRESS: Aspen tortrix while slackening slightly in
Tanana Valley expanded into Copper River Valley. Sweet corn
and vegetable gardens were severely damaged when Aspen ex-
hausted. Red turnip beetle severe on crucifers in Kenny Lake area
as well as villages on Yukon. Seed corn maggot injurious to sweet
corn under plastic in Palmer area. Oat bird cherry aphid - heavily
infested bird cherry throughout areas of State where grown even
coating the fruit in Tanana Valley. Carpenter ant weakened a
number of buildings built of rough lumber. Household pests
prominent this past year have been clover mite, brown banded
cockroach, Tribolium, European earwig. Garden springtail was
numerous on head lettuce but did no actual damage to the tissue.
Alfalfa plots at College station were heavily infected with thrips,
only other thrips populaters were in blooms of greenhouse cu-
cumbers. Injury of mites and aphids to raspberries at College was
accentuated by very dry summer. Spring mosquito populations
were heavy, very troublesome to grazing cattle and man due to
very wet, early spring. Total lack of insect problems on peas con-
tributed to success of pea project.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - C.S.R.S.
2.0003, EFFECT OF MOSQUITO CONTROL CHEMICALS
ON AQUATIC FAUNA
J.L. LANCASTER, Univ. of Arkansas, Water Resources Research
Ctr., Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701
It is proposed to make applications of malathion, Abate, Flit
MLO and Baytex to all mosquito breeding water each in a square
mile section. It is also planned to put ethyl parathion in rice irriga-
tion water in all rice fields wherever they occur in these sections.
It is anticipated that two aerial applications of malathion over the
entire 4 square miles may be needed each year. Pre and post-
treatment samples from each area will be collected, concentrated,
and later analyzed in the laboratory to determine what changes, if
any, occur in the fauna that can be directly attributed to the
chemicals used. Sampling will be continuous on a selected time
schedule and comparisons made to similar samples from an ad-
jacent untreated area. The research site (Lonoke, Arkansas) will
be divided into four sections to provide for comparison between
the four insecticides.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - O. Wtr. Res. Rch.
2.0004, BIOLOGY OF PEST MOSQUITOES, AND CON-
TROL THROUGH COMMUNITY ACTION
J.L. LANCASTER, Univ. of Arkansas, Agricultural Experiment
Sta., Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701 (ARK00713)
OBJECTIVE: Aid in development of mosquito control in Ar-
kansas communities through fauna! survey, biological research,
and community organization.
APPROACH: Local communities will be surveyed for loca-
tion of mosquito-producing situations. Species found will be
identified when vital information is lacking for any species found
to be a problem, appropriate research on seasonal history,
preferred breeding sites and methods of control will be initiated.
Local personnel will be trained to carry out routine organized
control programs. Local groups will be assisted in organizing
mosquito-abatement districts.
1-65
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2. AQUATIC PEST CONTROL
SUPPORTED BY Arkansas State Government - Little Rock
2.0005, CONTROL OF COMMON HOUSEFLY
J.S. SIMCO, Univ. of Arkansas, Agricultural Experiment Sta.,
Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701 (ARK00686)
OBJECTIVE: Develop a housefly control program in all
areas of agriculture based on minimal use of insecticides. Re-
study the biology and ecology of the housefly with particular
reference to segments of the life cycle which may be vulnerable to
new control concepts. Develop a control program for the soldier
fly larva in cage layer houses. Observe and study other insect
breeding in manure in cage layer houses. Determine the mosquito
species, distribution and abundance on an organized basis.
APPROACH: Determine insecticide minimal usage require-
ments for adequate housefly control. Chemical sterilants will be
tested. Screening of various insecticides to determine effective-
ness against the soldier fly larva and other manure breeding in-
sects in caged layer operations. Collection trips will be made to
collect mosquitoes especially in those areas where there are no
records or where the records appear inadequate. Special surveys
will be made to evaluate the effectiveness of control programs.
PROGRESS: Gardona Capsules were fed in a complete layer
ration at rates of 400 ppm and 200 ppm for the control of
Housefly Larvae Under Cage Layers. The results from the ration
containing 400 ppm was very promising in that it gave better than
95 percent control for the 4 week test period. The ration contain-
ing 200 ppm gave approximately 75 percent control during the 4
week test period. Mosquito control tests in small plots on the Rice
Branch Experiment Station were carried out using 2x4 blocks
soaked in heptachlor, malathion, parathion and Dursban EC-
Sixty larvae were found 4 days after flooding in the heptachlor
plot; 3 in the malathion and none in the parathion or Dursban
treatment. However, the check plot also had none.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture C.S.R.S.
2.0006, BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF MOSQUITOES IN
CENTRAL AND NORTHERN CALIFORNIA
C.B. HUFFAKEK, Univ. of California, Agricultural Experiment
Sta., Berkeley, California 94720 (CA-BO-BIC-2428)
OBJECTIVE: Comprehensively evaluating the ecologies and
efficacies of existing natural control, introducing certain foreign
parasitic, predatory, or pathogenic species, measuring con-
sequent performance in succeeding years, augmenting the effica-
cies of existing or introduced natural enemies by environmental
manipulations, and assist in the development of integrated control
programs aganist certain mosquito species by investigation of
those biological and environmental control agents or practices
that will best lend themselves to this end.
APPROACH: One or more aquatic environments will be
selected where major mosquito problems exist and where the best
opportunities lie for developing a biological control phase of an
integrated control program.
PROGRESS: Field investigations were started for the control
of snow mosquitoes in the South Lake Tahoe area because of a
possible scale outbreak in the pines due to previous mosquito
control techniques (Malathion fogging). Laboratory investiga-
tions with rainbow fingerling trout and Lake club minnows in-
dicated they were voracious mosquito predators at low tempera-
tures (4 C). Preliminary field studies indicated control possibili-
ties with these fish in semi-permanent snow water ponds. A survey
of aquatic arthropods, their role as possible predators, and their
distribution in various water sources formed from melting snow
was initiated. An aquatic light trap was developed and tested and
found to be more sensitive than the standard dipping technique
for Aedes spp. and Culiseta spp. and at least comparable to
dipping for Culex spp. and Anopheles spp. This technique
eliminates certain human biasis associated with dipping, as well
as, attracts a wide variety of other aquatic arthropods. Feeding
behavior of Aedes aegypti on immature insects was studied under
control conditions. These studies revealed that the stimuli as-
sociated with the investigator rather than those associated with
the immature insects induced the feeding response. Desiccation
of the mosquitoes was also found to be very important (A. aegypti
studies with J. Laing).
SUPPORTED BY California State Government - Sacramento
2.0007, TO CHARACTERIZE PATHOGENS OF
MOSQUITOES , ._ . ..
E.L. REEVES, Univ. of California, Agricultural Experiment Sta.,
Berkeley, California 94720 (CA-B-PAR-2418)
OBJECTIVE: Identify and characterize pathogens, including
viral, fungal, bacterial, protozoan, and/or nematode infections
which affect mosquitoes; provide information thereon for use in
development of biological agents for control of mosquitoes in ir-
rigated farming areas; conduct laboratory investigations to
establish the mosquito-pathogen relationships of material col-
lected.
APPROACH: Correlate, analyze and evaluate data obtained
from samples of naturally infected mosquito populations col-
lected from typical breeding areas in California, and to determine
the species of mosquitoes which are infected by the pathogens
and conduct microscopic examinations of specimens to identify
for each species the type of pathogen causing the infection.
PROGRESS: Research is being concentrated on two
mosquito pathogens. (1) Mycotoxins extracted with organic sol-
vents from Aspergillus flavus are being chemically characterized
and bioassayed against mosquitoes with favorable results. (2)
Toxic metabolites from five isolates of green and blue-green algae
are being isolated, characterized and bioassayed against
mosquitoes with excellent results.
SUPPORTED BY California State Government - Sacramento
2.0008, BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF PASTURE
MOSQUITOES
C. SCHAEFER, Univ. of California, Agricultural Experiment Sta.,
Berkeley, California 94720 (CA-BO-PAR-2454)
OBJECTIVE: Study various aspects of the biology of pasture
mosquitoes so that more effective cultural control measures can
be developed for those species. Prepare a comprehensive report
on the biology of these mosquitoes which can be used by workers
engaged in such cultural control.
APPROACH: Initially a comprehensive report on the rela-
tion between these mosquitoes and pasture irrigation will be
developed. Studies will then be undertaken to clarify the relation
between such factors as duration of ponding and developmental
rate of mosquitoes at various temperatures and seasons and how
this may be influenced by various irrigation practices.
PROGRESS: A new carbamate (Chevron, RE11775) was
discovered which shows high potential for controlling both larvae
and adults of susceptible and organophosphorus resistant strains
of Aedes nigromaculis. Extensive laboratory and field studies with
the new compound were conducted in 1969. Laboratory tests in-
dicate that RE11775 will also be effective for controlling or-
ganophosphorus-resistant Culex tarsalis larvae. A study was made
to determine why Dursban has a long residual toxicity to
mosquitoes when applied to highly-polluted water, since this does
not occur when it is applied to cleaner water, e.g., irrigated
pastures. Laboratory and field studies demonstrate that, when
Dursban is added to a body of water, it quickly becomes dis-
tributed throughout the water and then adsorbs onto organic
matter. Dursban is lost by hydrolysis within a few days, if it
remains in water, but provides residual toxicity for many weeks if
it deposits on organic matter. Further studies on the biology of
Aedes melanimon help to explain the fall dispersal of this species.
In the fall, the extent of nocturnal flight increases greatly and the
bimodal peaks of flight activity (at twilight periods), which are
characteristic in the spring and summer, are reduced. In the fall, a
much greater number of adults can be collected with unlighted,
unbaked traps, which indicates a non- specific flight behavior.
Wind of 5 mph or more seems to inhibit flight.
SUPPORTED BY California State Government - Sacramento
2.0009, AERIAL DISPERSAL METHODS FOR CONCEN-
TRATED INSECTICIDES * *«« CUINCfcW
N.B. AKESSON, Univ. of California, Agricultural Exneriment
Sta., Davis, California 95616 (OOENTHO1090508CO)
1-66
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OBJECTIVE: Develop and evaluate methods of aerial appli-
cation of various insecticide formulations as concentrated or un-
diluted sprays for control of mosquitoes.
APPROACH: Design and/or utilize effective aerial spray
systems to apply low volumes of concentrated insecticide materi-
als. Evaluate promising insecticides against mosquito larvae and
adults breeding in irrigated pastures by aerial application low
volume techniques.
PROGRESS: Low-volume applications have demonstrated
good mosquito control in rice fields and pastures treated by
helicopter in the Colusa area, including the Colusa Wildlife
Refuge. Dursban was applied at 0.05, 0.025, and 0.0125 Ib/acre
and fenthion at 0.1 Ib/acre. The swath width was 250 feet and a
volume of 6.1 fluid oz/acre was applied. So far, during studies of
possible effects on bees and wildlife, no damage has been noted.
In cooperation with the U.S. Navy and the California Bureau of
Vector Control, studies were made in Kern County to determine
whether low-volume applications could be successfully made at
altitudes of 1,000 and 2,000 feet. Both larvae and adult
mosquitoes were killed from altitudes up to 2,000 feet over
swaths extending 1/2 mile wide at dosage rates less than 8 fluid
ounces per acre.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture A.R.S. E.N.T
2.0010, INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS: DIS-
EASES TO MAN OR ANIMALS
R.M. BOHART, Univ. of California, Agricultural Experiment
Sta., Davis, California 95616 (CA-DO-ENT-2640)
OBJECTIVE: Obtain basic information on insects affecting
man and animals by irritation or by transmission of disease.
Develop new methods of reducing noxious arthropods to accepta-
ble levels.
APPROACH: Develop new techniques to manipulate the in-
sect's environment so as to reduce the population through biolog-
ical or chemicobiological means, or the alteration of feeding or
reproductive behavior of the pest in such a way as to reduce at-
tack on man and animals below an acceptable level. Another ap-
proach is to find methods of keeping pestiferous insects in recrea-
tional areas below tolerable levels. Also, to employ pesticides in
combination with water use management to minimize resistance
of mosquitoes to chemicals and to reduce associated crop residue
problems.
SUPPORTED BY California State Government - Sacramento
2.0011, BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF MOSQUITOES IN
IRRIGATED AND WATER MANAGEMENT AREAS
W.M. ROGOFF, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Entomology
Research Division, Fresno, California 93727
(OOENTH0104051000)
OBJECTIVE: Determine biology and habits of mosquitoes
associated with irrigated areas; investigate water-management
procedures in relation to mosquito abundance and control.
Develop chemical, non- chemical, and integrated control
methods and materials for irrigation produced mosquitoes.
APPROACH: Collect, identify, and determine abundance
and distribution of mosquitoes under various types of irrigation
and water management procedures; identify and measure ecologi-
cal limiting factors. Test chemical, non-chemical, and integrated
control measures in irrigated or water management areas by rou-
tine field trials.
PROGRESS: Tests in cooperation with Fresno Westside
Mosquito Abatement District showed that rice paddies stocked
with Gambusia affinis showed 99% control of Culex tarsalis at a
stocking rate of 1000 fish per acre and 95% control at 200 fish per
acre. Larger scale tests are underway at 100 and 200 fish per acre
in Fresno County and Yuba County. Heads, thoraces, and ab-
domens of male southern house mosquitoes in olfactometers were
comparably attractive to females of this species. Some dioxane
and dioxaspiro derivatives and 4 phenolitic compounds from
Douglas fir bark showed a low level of attraction for males. An 8'
x 12' x 7' screened cage has been constructed for rearing Aedes
nigromaculis. Artificial treeholes have been constructed for stu-
dies with Aedes sierrensis. Colonies of Culex tarsalis, C. p.
quinquefasciatus, and A. sierrensis have been established.
Preliminary studies with juvenile hormone mimics have
established provisional dosages for field studies.
2. AQUATIC PEST CONTROL
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - A.R.S. - E.N.T
2.0012, SUPPLYING GENETIC MARKER AND INCOM-
PATIBLE STRAINS OF CULEX PIPIENS
A.R. BARR, Univ. of California, School of Public Health, Los An-
geles, California 90024 (NIH-70-2099)
Independently and not as an agent of the Government, the
Contractor shall exert its best efforts to maintain stocks of'Culex
pipiens' mosquitoes and to make them available upon request to
qualified investigators. The Contractor will keep sufficient stocks
of these mosquitoes to supply those requests approved by the Pro-
ject Officer. The actual number of each strain will vary according
to the demands of the scientific community and as mutually
agreed to by the Project Director and the Project Officer.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Hlth. Ed. & Wei. N.l.H.
2.0013, CYTOPLASMIC INCOMPATIBILITY FOR
FILARIASIS CONTROL
A.R. BARR, Univ. of California, School of Public Health, Los An-
geles, California 90024
Cytoplasmic incompatibility is being investigated for the con-
trol of mosquitoes by the 'sterile male' principle. The emphasis
during the year was on the relation between partial compatibility
and incompatibility in Culex pipiens. A partially compatible
crossing is being selected for incompatibility. Electron micro-
graphs of {incompatible fertilizations have failed to show any
reaction between the mutually imcompatible sperm and egg
cytoplasm. Some progress was made in the study of inheritance of
a sex ratio distorting factor which produces an excess of male off-
spring.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Hlth. Ed. & Wei.
H.S.M.H.A
2.0014, BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF MIDGES, GNATS
AND MOSQUITOES
E.C. BAY, Univ. of California, Agricultural Experiment Sta.,
Riverside, California 92502 (CA-R-BIC-2032)
OBJECTIVE: Fish, predaceous invertebrates, including
arthropods, and microorganiss destructive to aquatic pest Diptera
are to be sought and evaluated for their ability to control these in-
sects in a variety of environments. Also, to be studied will be the
effect of certain aquatic plants in relation to the breeding sites of
pest Diptera.
APPROACH: The work proposed is to be conducted in con-
trolled aquatic habitats established at Riverside, and in sewage
oxidation ponds at Palm Springs and Ontario, California. The
population dynamics among pest Diptera and their candidate
natural enemies are to be studied within confined, insect-screen
enclosed ponds receiving filtered water. The environments of
these ponds will be managed to represent the various conditions
encountered at sites of aquatic insect nuisance in southern
California.
PROGRESS: LARVIVOROUS FISH: The guppy Poecilia
reticulatus was studied according to sex and age structure for
feeding capacity on various instar mosquito larvae with and
without alternative food. Results to be summarized. Similar stu-
dies made with Cynolebias wolterstorffi, Cyprinodon nevadensis
and Gambusia affinis. P. reticulatus was found to survive in many
but not all agricultural waste- water larval breeding sites into
which they were introduced. P. reticulatus will not overwinter in
southern California but small spring releases reproduce to control
larvae in some breeding sites by mid- August. Twenty-five female
P. reticulatus introduced into an Orange County domestic sewage
oxidation effluent on 11 July reproduced to several thousand fish
before winter kill on November 27. By 18 August fish controlled
all but first instar larvae while in adjacent check pond all instars
present. INVERTEBRATES: Hydra americana was critically stu-
died and found a remarkably effective mosquito larva predator
under proper conditions. Notonecta unifasciata was studied in
field aquaria for ability to control daily recruited mosquito larvae
(Culex peus) with and without alternative prey (Chironomidae)
present. During June-July, larval control by Notonectids was 40%
with 9-day delayed predator introduction and 77% with simul-
taneous initial predator-prey introduction followed by daily prey
1-67
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resistance in these strains.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Hth. Ed. & Wei. -
H.S.M.H.A
AND
ECOLOGY
OF
2. AQUATIC PEST CONTROL
recruitment. Chironomid prey did not reduce predation on resistance are investigated. A strain of A. albimanus with high re
mosquito larvae. ' --•—-- —A /--rKamates has beer
SUPPORTED BY California State Government - Sacramento
2.0015, EVALUATION OF NEW INSECTICIDES
T.R. FUKUTO, Univ. of California, Agricultural Experiment Sta.,
Riverside, California 92502 (CA-RO-SSE-1415)
OBJECTIVE: About 800 to 1000 new chemical compounds
are received each year from more than 20 firms. These are evalu-
ated in routine laboratory tests for potential promise as insecti-
cides, especially for use against resistant species if insects. The
more active compounds are evaluated in a variety of special
operations to determine their suitability for field testing.
APPROACH: Work of the same general nature will be car-
ried on during the forthcoming year.
PROGRESS: New insecticidal compounds synthesized in our
laboratories or received from chemical manufacturers continue
to be evaluated in the laboratory in a variety of tests, particularly
on insecticide-resistant house flies and mosquitoes and as
systemic insecticides on cotton, as a screening procedure for the
identification of compounds meriting more complete laboratory
and field evaluations including comparative metabolism studies.
Nearly 100 compounds have been initially evaluated in the past
year including phosphorothioates, phosphonothioates,
phosphoramidothioates, and their oxygen analogs, oxime
phosphates, N-methyl carbamates and their acylated or phospho-
rylated derivatives, and miscellaneous compounds including a
synthetic juvenile hormone. A number of the compounds have
been selected for further evaluation including Stauffer R-18060,
Bayer BAY 77488 and BAY 99485, Ortho 9006 (Monitor(Reg)),
and a series of N- phosphorylated N-methyl carbamates.
SUPPORTED BY California State Government - Sacramento
2.0016, NEW INSECTICIDES & TECHNIQUES FOR PEST
CONTROL
G.P GEORGHIOU, Univ. of California, Agricultural Experiment
Sta., Riverside, California 92502 (CA-R-ENT-1947)
OBJECTIVE: Laboratory and field investigations of more
compounds as toxicants for larval and adult mosquitoes.
APPROACH: Larvicidal compounds evaluated against the
top minnow, and several species of frogs for potential damage to
wildlife. Materials in water and soil studied in relation to possible
water pollution. The residue persistence curves for alfalfa treated
with parathion and Baytex evaluated using sprays and granulars.
Compare penetration of vegetative plant cover by granulars and
sprays.
PROGRESS: With the departure of Dr. R.L. Metcalf to the
University of Illinois and the transfer of the World Health Or-
ganization Program to that Institution, the routine screening of
new compounds against mosquitoes has been discontinued.
Emphasis is now placed on the examination of selected new com-
pounds which hold promise as mosquito control agents, or which
by virtue of their chemical configuration can provide useful infor-
mation on mechanisms of cross resistance.
SUPPORTED BY California State Government - Sacramento
2.0017, STUDIES ON INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE IN
MOSQUITOES
G.P. GEORGHIOU, Univ. of California, School of Agriculture,
Riverside, California 92502
Research under this project is aimed at elucidating the lex-
icological, physiological, biochemical, and genetic bases of
mosquito resistance to insecticides. This information is of value in
the more efficient utilization of existing insecticides and syner-
gists, and in the development of promising new ones. Areas of
continuing emphasis include the characterization of potential re-
sistance to organophosphorus and carbamate insecticides of cur-
rent or expected future value in vector control and eradication
programs. These studies utilize the species Culex
quinquefasciatus (equals fatigans), Culex tarsalis, and Anopheles
albimanus. Pure strains of these species are developed by selec-
tion pressure and by genetic manipulation, and the mechanisms of
2.0018, SUPPRESSION
MOSQUITOES • , , c •
M S MULLA Univ. of California, Agricultural Expenment Sta.,
Riverside, California 92502 (CA-RO-SSE-2465)
OBJECTIVE: Study and develop integrated and coordinated
mosquito control technology. Assess the potential use of new
pesticidal measures and to improve currently much practiced
techniques. Initiate studies on mosquito sex pheromones and
other attractants, with the aim of utilizing these for control pur-
poses. The relationship of environmental factors both biotic and
physico-chemical to mosquito production in selected niches will
be studied.
APPROACH: A multipurpose and practical mosquito con-
trol technology will be advanced emphasizing new approaches
and working towards improvement and streamlining of currently
used techniques. Laboratory and field evaluation of the biological
activity of various types of compounds against various stages of
various species will be continued. Studies will be conducted on
the potential use of chemical sterilants for autocidal measures. A
program to assess the efficacy of petroleum oils against various
stages of mosquitoes is to be continued. Attractants and sex
pheromones of mosquitoes will be studied. Research on a new
group of simple and readily available chemicals, the organic
amines, will be advanced.
PROGRESS: During 1969, the mosquito Culex tarsalis
became resistant to organophosphate materials used for the con-
trol of this species. This tolerance was extended to some other or-
ganophosphates too. Resistance in the pasture mosquito Aedes
nigromaculis to organophosphate compounds also reached a high
level. Aerial application and drip application of some or-
ganophosphate insecticides were ineffective. However, Akton,
Supracide, Bay 78182, Bay 77488 and Chevron RE-11775 were
effective against these resistant mosquitoes at the rate of 0.1
Ib/acre or so. The occurrence of chemical factors produced by
mosquito larvae reared under overcrowded conditions was
established. These factors caused mortality delayed development
and other abnormalities in succeeding generations. These factors
showed extra-specific activity against other species of
mosquitoes. Oviposition attractants for the mosquitoes Culex tar-
salis, Aedes nigromaculis and Ae. taeniorhynchus were found.
Cross activity of these attractants was studied. Some were specific
for some species and others were non-specific.
SUPPORTED BY California State Government - Sacramento
2.0019, MOSQUITO PATHOGENS AS POTENTIAL CON-
TROL AGENTS
E.L. REEVES, Univ. of California, Agricultural Experiment Sta.,
Riverside, California 92502 (CA-RO-SSE-2429)
OBJECTIVE: Detect, identify and evaluate the naturally oc-
curring pathogens of mosquitoes in California, the results from
the field and laboratory studies of these pathogens and their as-
sociated epizootics will be incorporated into a biological control
program for mosquitoes.
APPROACH: An intensive survey will be made of mosquito
habitats. Determine the presence of any diseases occurring in
epizootic form. Field collected mosquitoes will be stressed in the
laboratory to reveal latent disease. Hosts will be examined
histologically to determine target tissue and host-pathogen rela-
tionships. The life cycle of the newly acquired pathogens will be
elucidated. Foreign exploration will be conducted as reauired to
obtain promising microorganisms.
PROGRESS: 1) A virulent spore-forming crvstalliferous
Bacillus, BA-068, an effective pathogen aJSZwjTK
of tte genus Aedes, including A. aegypti, nigromaculis sierrensis,
and tnsenatus, has been isolated and evaluated. BA-068 S
1-68
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sistently produces two parasporal crystals, and is readily cultured
on laboratory media. Bioassays against Aedes larvae show 97-
98% mortality in Ist-instar with 0.9 x 10 spores/ml; in 3rd-instar
with 4.5 x 10 . Preliminary field tests against insecticide resistant
A. nigromaculis larvae in Tulare and Kern Co. showed good
results. 2) Laboratory evaluation of 5 species of mucilaginous
Cruciferae seeds has been completed. This has potential as a
biological control method for mosquitos in certain habitats. 3)
Seven species of larvicidal algae (2 Chlorophyta, 1 Cyanophyta, 4
Charophyta) that release toxic substances into the aquatic habitat
which inhibit the development of immature mosquitoes have been
isolated, identified, and evaluated. The toxic fractions have been
extracted from each and chromatographically pure material
bioassayed against lab reared and field collected mosquito larvae.
They were especially toxic to larvae of A. aegypti and A.
nigromaculis. In practical application, these algae could be
propagated in rice-fields, ponds, etc, to suppress larval popula-
tions; or the active compounds could be characterized, synthes-
ized, and dispersed like other insecticides. No adverse effects to
fish or aquatic insect predators have been detected.
SUPPORTED BY California State Government Sacramento
2.0020, IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION
OF MOSQUITO PATHOGENS
R.L. REEVES, Univ. of California, Agricultural Experiment Sta.,
Riverside, California 92502 (OOENTHOU00519CO)
OBJECTIVE: Discover and identify pathogens affecting
mosquitoes and investigate their effects. Evaluate potential of
biological agents for control of larvae and adults of mosquitoes.
APPROACH: Survey natural mosquito breeding areas, col-
lect specimens to determine infected mosquito species, infection
rates, and species of pathogens present. Determine life cycle of
pathogens (virus, fungus, bacterium, protozoan, or nematode)
and mechanisms for infecting mosquitoes.
PROGRESS: At Riverside, Calif., four isolants of
Christoliphoris bacillus, each from different field collected
mosquitoes, are being investigated. A large percentage of field
populations is infected and mortality was high. A metabolite
produced by an Aspergillus was found to be highly toxic to
mosquito larvae. Purification and identification of this in addi-
tional metabolites is continuing as are infectivity tests against
other species of mosquitoes. Five isolates of field-collected green
and blue-green algae produced metabolites toxic to mosquito lar-
vae. Field observations that suggested a close correlation between
the presence of certain algae and absence of mosquito breeding
were confirmed by tests giving 98 to 100% mortality of third stage
Culex tarsalis and C. pipiens quinquefasciatus larvae placed in fil-
tered water from pools containing the algae.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture A.R.S. E.N.T
2.0021, INVESTIGATIONS OF PHEROMONES AS
CHEMOSTERILANTS FOR INSECTS WITH SPECIAL
REFERENCE TO SYNTHETIC QUEN SUBSTANCE AND ITS
ANALOGUES
AJ. THORSTE1NSON, Univ. of Manitoba, Graduate School,
Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (DADA17-68-G-9267)
Objective: To study the biochemical and physiological
mechanisms concerned with the inhibition of ovarian growth egg
laying, hatching, and mating behavior of 9 oxodec trans 2 enoic
acid and its analogues when applied to insects for control in mili-
tary situations.
Approach: The subject compound and analogues will be ob-
tained and injected into, fed to, or placed upon various stages of
insects after which various biological activities will be studied to
determine the results of the exposure particularly as related to
mating behavior, sexual development, and metamorphosis.
Progress: Several pheromone analogues were selected in the
laboratory for rapid kill of immature mosquitoes and were applied
in fuel oil in the field with promising results. Laboratory studies
have shown that the same compounds are much more effective
when applied in alcohol solutions. This procedure is a very con-
venient laboratory screening method, however, the use of a lipid
stain has shown that the spreading properties of alcohol solutions
appear much more suitable, perhaps even for field applications,
2. AQUATIC PEST CONTROL
than fuel oil of similar dilutents. These are reasons for suggesting
that the increase cost of alcohol diluent may be more than offset
by its greater effectiveness and spreading properties. In addition
the pollution of water and air is negligible compared with petrole-
um diluents. Efforts have returned to the search for materials that
cause more subtle disruptions of mosquito development. These
chemicals hold more promise for avoiding injury to beneficial
species that visit the air-water interface. It has been found that
queen substance, farnesol and oletic acid delay moulting at the
third and fourth larval instar. Ovoposition of females is also
behaviorally inhibited by the same substances applied to the
water surface. An interesting effect was observed when queen
substance was applied at 0.0025 M to larvae deprived of food
these survived longer than larvae in the control sets. The in-
vestigators are proceeding to test derivatives of queen substance
and other unsaturated fatty acids, juvenile hormone analogues as
well as other terpenoids.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Defense Army
2.0022, BIOLOGY OF MICROORGANISMS OF
MOSQUITOES
J.F. ANDERSON, Univ. of Connecticut, Agricultural Experiment
Sta., Starrs, Connecticut 06268 (CONH00320)
OBJECTIVE: Survey populations for the presence of
pathogenic microorganisms, and identify the pathogens; study in-
terrelationships of pathogen and host and physiological effects of
the pathogens, evaluate the epizootiology of parasites on popula-
tions of mosquitoes; develop culture methods for pathogens and
effective procedures for their use.
APPROACH: Collect mosquitoes and identify pathogens;
determine the manner in which pathogens affect host; determine
the factors necessary for a pandemic of the pathogens in mosquito
larvae; attempt culture of pathogens; introduction in field popula-
tions of mosquitoes.
PROGRESS: Entomophthora aquatica, a fungal pathogen of
Aedes canadensis, was successfully subcultured on unsolidified
egg yolk medium. Normal appearing hyphal bodies are produced,
though abberant ones are often encountered. Spores have not
been produced in this medium. A Bacillus bacterium was isolated
from the salivary glands of larvae of Aedes canadensis. Infection
results in death of the mosquito. An iridescent virus with a parti-
cle size of 135-140 mu was isolated from larvae of Aedes stimu-
lans. Larvae usually died just before or during ecdysis into the
fourth instar. Infected larvae are recognized by an opalescent
turquoise color. Virus occurred in the cytoplasm of the pericardi-
al cells, oenocytes, and cells of the epidermis, sarcolema, fat
body, ovaries, testes and imaginal discs. The incidence of infec-
tion in four woodland pools was less than one percent. The virus
was named Aedes stimulans iridescent virus.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - C.S.R.S.
2.0023, DEVELOPMENT AND BEHAVIOR OF BITING
DIPTERA
J.F. ANDERSON, Univ. of Connecticut, Agricultural Experiment
Sta., Starrs, Connecticut 06268 (CONH00312)
OBJECTIVE: Determine if deer flies can be managed in an
urban environment by trapping the adults on large colored ob-
jects; determine the role of photoperiod in governing the seasonal
cycle of mosquitoes.
APPROACH: Two species of deer flies are a problem to
more than 500 families in one of our shoreline communities.
Traps designed to capture female deer flies will be placed in
specific areas to determine if populations of deer flies can be
reduced to non-annoyance levels. Photoperiod determines in
large part the seasonal histories of several of our major pest
mosquitoes. The critical day length and sensitive stages of growth
of some species will be determined. Histological and transplanta-
tion techniques will be used to ascertain the endocrine basis of
diapause.
PROGRESS: The effect of duration of daylength on induc-
tion of diapause in Connecticut and Florida strains of Aedes sol-
icitans was studied. Diapause was not induced in the Florida
strain by short photoperiod. Diapause was induced in the Connec-
ticut strain. The critical period of light reception occurred during
1-69
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2. AQUATIC PEST CONTROL
the fourth larval instar, pupa, adult, developing embryo and fully
formed embryo. The effect of photoperiods of 14 hours or more
were shown to be independent from that of low temperature,
thereby emphasizing that the deposition of diapausing eggs during
fall is clearly in expression of the influence of shorter days of the
mosquito. Fully formed embryos developing under a long day
enter a diapausing state within 21 days when stored under a short
photoperiod and temperature of 65 . This reaction accounts for
the lack of hatching of summer deposited eggs in late fall.
Diapausing eggs are reactivated when stored at temperatures of 5
for four weeks and subsequently exposed to long day
photoperiods for two days at 73 . Chrysops atlanticus was found
to be attracted to large black objects when placed six feet above
the ground. Efforts are under way to suppress populations of
deerflies by trapping.
SUPPORTED BY Connecticut State Government Hartford
2.0024, TESTING ADULT ATTRACTION DEVICES AND
CHEMOSTERILANTS FOR TABANID FLY CONTROL
E.P CATTS, State Div. of Fish & Wildlife, Dover, Delaware
19901
Objectives: 1. To explore the use of chemosterilant (e.g.
Metepa) in combination with carbon dioxide-canopy traps as a
means of local tabanid fly control. 2. To complete the study of the
ecological distribution of hunting tabanid flies on and near salt
marsh.
Procedures: One canopy trap with a delaying release
chamber coated with Metepa will be erected twice weekly on
each of two small test marshes. Collections with similar untreated
canopy traps will be made from two different marshes, and com-
pared to the test areas. Some wild caught flies exposed to
chemosterilant will be held in the lab and their longevity com-
pared to unexposed wild caught flies. Egg mass sampling and
counts will be made and compared for all four salt marshes. Some
egg samples will be held in the lab to determine fertility and via-
bility. Attempt will be made to determine oogenic history of flies
exposed to chemosterilant in canopy traps by determining parity.
Sampling of hunting salt marsh tabanids using carbon diox-
ide-canopy traps at different habitat sites will be continued from
July through August 1970. Comparison of the two season's data
will be made and prepared for publication.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
2.0025, INSECTICIDE AND NON-CHEMICAL CONTROL
OF MOSQUITOES
K.W. LAKE, Univ. of Delaware, Agricultural Experiment Sta.,
Newark, Delaware 19711 (DEL00728-A)
OBJECTIVE: Study the effectiveness of control methods by
trapping adult mosquitoes; the toxicity of insecticides to possible
resistant and non-resistant mosquitoes, and to muskrats; and
ditching of salt marshes as a control method.
APPROACH: Light trapping of adult mosquitoes with New
Jersey light traps. Field and laboratory tests of promising insecti-
cides. Determine resistance of pest species to insecticides with
WHO test-kits. Ditching studies of standard and large (up to 15
feet wide) ditches.
PROGRESS: Excessive rainfall during July 1 & Sept. 1969
was responsible for the high light trap counts of Aedes vexans and
Culex spp. plus miscellaneous flood-water species. Aedes sol-
licitans although trapped in greater numbers this year accounted
for only 8% of the total female mosquitoes collected. The effi-
cient larviciding operations with Abate plus the continued water
management operations have tended to markedly reduce the A.
sollicitans pest problem. Additional trapping and larval survey
work were undertaken in order to gain a better understanding of
EE epidemiology in Delaware. Results of wildlife toxicological
studies showed that Bay 77488 ULV up to 1 fl. oz./A resulted in
little or no mortality to killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus). Baygon
produced no significant mortality with dosages up to 6 fl. oz./A.
Large scale field tests utilizing fixed-winged aircraft to apply
Baygon ULV, 3 fl. oz./A, over fields, adjacent to the salt marsh,
indicated an average reduction of adult mosquitoes of 95.4%.
Aedes, Anopheles, Culek and Psorophora species were all present
with A. sollicitans being predominant. Dibrom (naled) at .05
lb./A continues to be an effective adultickh= appUec1 byj aircraft,
as indicated by tests against high, populations; of A. soH.c.tans &
^thor n«t snecies Field tests with Abate ULV at l n. oz./A as a
rivlcide coEed the excellent control results obtained with
this formulation in 1968.
SUPPORTED BY Delaware State Government
20026 INVESTIGATIONS OF THE ACTION OF
CHEMOSTERILANTS ON HOUSEFLIES AND OTHER
MEDICALLY IMPORTANT ARTHROPODS
G.C. LEBRECQVE, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Gainesville,
Florida
Objective: This project is to investigate the action of
chemosterilants on houseflies and other medically important
arthropods and evaluate their potential for use in military disease
control programs.
Approach: The plans include studies to determine the
cytological action of the active compounds and field evaluations
of their effectiveness in control programs.
Since the beginning of this research program approximately
8,000 compounds have been screened, with approixmately 400
snowing positive sterilization characteristics in laboratory tests
and 10 showing encouraging results in field tests. A recent field
test was just completed using the chemosterilant Thiopeta in
pupal water which resulted in the eradication of the mosquito
Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus from Sea Horse Key Island, which
is located just off the gulf coast, west of Gainesville, Florida.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Defense Army
2.0027, BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF INSECTS AFFECT-
ING MAN
D.E. WEIDHAAS, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Gainesville, Florida
Objective: This study is concerned with the utilization of
biological organisms for the control of medically important
arthropods and the development of techniques suitable for their
use in control programs.
Approach: Known pathogens parasites and predators are to
be considered from the standpoint of rearing and adaptibility to
releasing procedures. Studies are to be made on the biology of the
control organism, its relationship to the host methods of cultiva-
tion release and establishment in the environment.
One bacteria, two fungi, three viruses, and four microsporidi-
an insect pathogens are presently under investigation. The most
promising laboratory results have been obtained with the
microsporidian Nosema, sp., where 70-90 percent mortality has
been obtained against Anopheles quadrimaculatus. No field trials
have been initiated.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Defense Army
2.0028, SYNTHETIC INSECT CONTROL AGENTS,
GAINESVILLE
F. AGREE, Univ. of Florida, U.S.D.A. Entomology Res. Div.,
Gainesville, Florida 32601 (OOENTM0202100100)
OBJECTIVE: Develop safe effective chemical agents and
formulations for control of insects affecting man.
APPROACH: Prepare or formulate organic compounds of
various types in suitables form, for biological screening tests as in-
secticides, synergists, repellents, attractants, or other types of in-
sect control agents. Investigate effects of type of formulation and
method of application on effectiveness of compounds in con-
trolling or repelling insects. Develop methods for assay of insecti-
cide and repellent formulations used for protection of personnel.
Investigate other physical and chemical factors involved in effec-
tiveness of insect control agents.
PROGRESS: To measure the attraction of human emana-
tions to mosquitoes a method has been developed for determina-
tion of carbon dioxide from hands using an MSA infrared gas
analyzer. Data have been collected under test conditions for
treated and untreated hands with many subjects A method for
determination of lactic acid by GC is being developed Prdfmina
ry work has begun on the following: (,) cheSanalysTs oTfate
m vigorous mosqu.toes; (2) air sampling for aerial application of
1-70
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pesticides; (3) test method by GC for rancidity in the fire ant bait
soybean oil.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - A.R.S. - E.N.T
2.0029, INSECT RESISTANCE TO, AND THE GENETIC
MECHANISM OF CHEMICAL CONTROL AGENTS
L.C. KUITERT, Univ. of Florida, Agricultural Experiment Sta.,
Gainesville, Florida 32601 (OOENTH01071001CA)
OBJECTIVE: Provide more effective, efficient, and standard
methods of measuring levels of insecticide resistance in house
flies to evaluate gamma radiation as a sterilizing agent for the
mosquito, Culex quinquefasciatus; and determine the genetic
basis of resistance to sterilants.
APPROACH: Originate and maintain resistant and suscepti-
ble house fly and yellow fever mosquito colonies for use in mea-
suring resistance levels by laboratory techniques. Produce geneti-
cally marked strains by breeding selections for the purpose of stu-
dying genetic mechanisms of resistance.
PROGRESS: A colony of Culicoides guttipennis was
established and is being maintained in the laboratory. Attempts to
establish a colony of Culicoides arbovicola in the laboratory have
been unsuccessful. Artificial media have been developed for rear-
ing 3 treehole species of Culicoides in the laboratory. The media
base consisted of hay fusion, yeast, liver extract, and dried milk
solids. Immunodiffusion tests comparing the R and T isolates of
mosquito iridescent virus from Aedes taeniorhynchus were
completed. Four different antigens were detected; each of which
was present in both viruses. No differences could be detected
between the two viruses by this technique. Inspection of different
tissues of 4th instar larvae indicated the virus to be in fat body,
trachial matrics, epidermis, nerves, and haemocytes but not in
midgut, gonadial tissue, or malphigian tubules. So far, no virus has
been seen in larval gonadial tissue although mosquito iridescent
virus is known to be transmitted transovarially in the adult.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture A.R.S. E.N.T
2.0030, INSECT ATTRACTANTS, BEHAVIOR AND BASIC
BIOLOGY
D.A. L1NDQUIST, Univ. of Florida, U.S.D.A. Entomology Res.
Div., Gainesville, Florida 32601 (OOENTS0101100100)
OBJECTIVE: Develop information on insect attraction and
other aspects of behavior that may be used to devise selective
methods of insect control which avoid or reduce hazard of using
chemicals toxic to plants or higher animals.
APPROACH: Basic studies will be conducted on the sense
organs and pheromone-producing organs of insects and corre-
lated with biological, behavioral, and ecological studies of
specific responses. Attractants, arrestants, and locomotor, feed-
ing, mating, and oviposition stimulants will be studied.
PROGRESS: Laboratory studies with the sex pheromone of
the cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni, indicate that the male looper
moth is not attracted to the pheromone in total darkness but is at-
tracted to the pheromone in dim light. Ultraviolet light traps
baited with the cabbage looper pheromone caught looper moths
in every month indicating that this species overwinters in the
Gainesville, Fla. area. The scanning electron microscope has
made it possible to observe and describe several new sensors on
the antennae of various species of insects which may be as-
sociated with infrared communication systems of insects. Adult
female Aedes aegypti mosquitoes and fed adult female lone star
ticks, Amblyomma americana, both responded to 10.6 micron in-
frared radiation from a CO(2) gas laser. A male attractant for the
house fly, Musca domestica, was found in house fly feces. Partial
chemical characterization indicated that the active compound(s)
is a neutral lipid.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture A.R.S. - E.N.T
2.0031, CULTIVATION OF COELOMOMYCES, A FUN-
GAL PARASITE OF MOSQUITOES
J.T. MULLINS, Univ. of Florida, Agricultural Experiment Sta.,
Gainesville, Florida 32601 (FLA-BT-01387)
OBJECTIVE: Develop ways of culturing the fungus in quan-
tities sufficient for use in vector control operations.
2. AQUATIC PEST CONTROL
APPROACH: Research will be directed toward the laborato-
ry infection of isolated cells derived from tissue cultures of
mosquitoes. Observations will be made on how the fungus enters
the host cells and the subsequent development of the pathogen
from its initial penetration to the maturation of sporangia. An ef-
fort will be made to determine the host range of various species of
Coelomomyces. Research will be directed toward cultivation of
the fungus on nutrient media in the absence of host cells. A
variety of supplements including both natural products from
mosquitoes and chemically defined species will be screened for
their effectiveness in supporting growth.
PROGRESS: Field collections of mosquitoes infected with
Coelomomyces have again been made this year in the Gainesville,
Florida, area. The fungus has persisted in the same areas and
becomes apparent when larvae of Psorophora are produced. This
documentation of the survival of the parasite in nature greatly
enhances the possible utilization of Coelomomyces for the biolog-
ical control of mosquitoes. The key glycolytic enzymes from both
infected and non-infected larvae have been extracted and
analyzed. No significant differences have been detected in these
preliminary experiments between infected and non- infected lar-
vae. In addition to unusual pathways are evident in the infected
larvae. Thus it appears that this group of enzymes will not provide
any specific clues to possible methods of cultivating the fungus on
synthetic media. Other possible enzymatic pathways of key nutri-
tional enzymes are being looked at in the hope of finding a means
for the laboratory cultivation of this fungus.
SUPPORTED BY Florida State Government - Tallahassee
2.0032, CONTROL OF CULEX NIGRIPALPUS BY
STERILITY METHODS
W.W. SMITH, Univ. of Florida, Inst. of Food & Agric. Sci.,
Gainesville, Florida 32601
The objective of this project is the demonstration of the con-
trol of a natural population of Culex nigripalpus by use of sterility
techniques. Chemosterilants are the agents to be used for the
production of sterility in individual mosquitos treated for inunda-
tive releases.
The project objective is to be attained by the following steps:
1. Establishment of a self-perpetuating laboratory colony of Culex
nigripalpus. 2. Development of methods producing uniform
specimens for testing of representative Chemosterilants for effec-
tive, non-reversible sterilization without too great impairment of
mating competitiveness. 3. Selection of the most desirable
chemosterilant for use in the project. 4. Development of mass
production and mass sterilization methods. 5. Establishment of
self-perpetuating populations of Culexnigripalpus in known num-
bers in large outdoor cages. This may involve the introduction of
wild field strains into the laboratory stock. 6. Determination of
proper ratios of treated to untreated specimens to obtain control
of the populations in the outdoor cages. 7. Location of an isolated
natural population of Culex nigripalpus and demonstration of its
control by inundative releases of sterilized individuals.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Hlth. Ed. & Wei.
H.S.M.H.A
2.0033, BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF MOSQUITOES,
SAND FLIES, AND GNATS FOR PUBLIC AND MILITARY
PROGRAMS
D.E. WEIDHAAS, Univ. of Florida, U.S.D.A. Entomology Res.
Div., Gainesville, Florida 32601 (OOENTHOlOl 100100)
OBJECTIVE: Determine distribution, abundance, taxono-
my, and ecology of mosquitoes, sand flies, and gnats, how to con-
trol by insecticides, Chemosterilants, repellents, attractants,
pathogens, predators, and parasites for public and military pro-
grams.
APPROACH: Determine population dynamics in nature,
especially by sterility and other markers, test and evaluate poten-
tial chemical, physical and biological control measures, develop
basic information on taxonomy and ecology of the insects by
laboratory and field methods.
PROGRESS: The sterile-male release technique was used
against a small island population of southern house mosquitoes to
determine total population numbers, biotic increases, and sur-
vival pattern. The natural population of approximately 10,000-
1-71
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2. AQUATIC PEST CONTROL
20,000 individuals represented emergence rates of 2500 to
5000/day. Biotic increases of 1- to 3-fold per generation reached
a maximum of 10-fold under total population control. The release
of chemosterilized males essentially eliminated the natural popu-
lation from the island. Survival of adult females correlated with a
rate of 25% mortality/day. A protozoan, Nosema, species, was
highly infective and pathogenic to two species of anopheline
mosquitoes and reduced adult longevity. Techniques of infecting
mosquitoes were developed. Jackets of wide-mesh material
treated with repellents showed promise for protection against bit-
ing insects. Several hundred compounds were evaluated as insect
repellents, with 2 materials giving better results than standards in
screening tests. A new type of CO( 2 )-mosquito trap proved more
effective than standard traps using light, animal baits, or CO(2).
Many repellent compounds were shown to cause 'space' as well as
contact repellency. Studies on aerial applications of insecticides
for mosquito control showed increased effective swath widths and
lowered dosages for control. Electron microscope studies have
shown structure, size, and tissue specificity of several protozoan
and viral pathogens of mosquitoes.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture A.R.S. E.N.T
2.0034, GENETIC CONTROL OF ANOPHELINES USING
TRANSLOCATIONS
J.B. KITZMILLER, Univ. of Illinois, School of Liberal Arts, Ur-
bana, Illinois 6 \ 80 \
Increasing resistance of insects to insecticides necessitates
the search for other means of control. Among biological control
mechanisms, genetic control offers several possibilities for ancil-
lary reduction of the numbers of vectors.
The use of translocation stocks has been successfully demon-
strated, in Culex,(Laven) to reduce and eventually eliminate,
laboratory populations. A similar approach will be employed in
'Anopheles.'
Adult male of 'Anopheles albimanus' will be irradiated at
dosages varying from 1,000 to 8,000 r to determine dose-mortali-
ty curves and optimal dosage for causing translocations. Based on
prior experience, this will probably be near 4,000 r. At the
selected dosage 2-3 day old males will be irradiated, crossed to
normal females, and their progenies screened for translocations.
This screening may be accomplished by 1) observation of
semisterility in progenies, 2) mitotic and meiotic chromosome
preparations, 3) salivary gland chromosome preparations. Trans-
location stocks involving the Y chromosome will always be
heterozygous, and the translocation will be transmitted by males
only. Several stocks will be maintained, differing in degrees of
semisterility. Once stocks have been established, a laboratory
cage experiment will be run, mating T females, in excess, with
normal females. Each generation will be artificially structured to
correspond with the theoretical reduction of the population.
Theoretically, the introduction of semisterility in each generation
will eventually result in the elimination of the cage population. If
the cage experiment is successful, we shall try to arrange for an
experiment to be set up on a small Caribbean island on which
'Anopheles albimanus' occurs, to see if eradication is possible in a
natural situation.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Hlth. Ed. & Wei. N.I.H.
2.0035, VIRAL PATHOGENS
J.D. PASCHKE, Purdue University, School of Agriculture,
Lafayette, Indiana 47907
The proposed studies will develop the necessary fundamental
background for the use of the pathogenic mosquito iridescent
viruses (MIV) for the biological control of mosquitoes. Compara-
tive studies will be conducted on the serological, morphological,
and physico- chemical properties as well as cytopathology of
'strains' of MIV. Comparative analyses will be made from in vivo
and in vitro systems. The feasibility of virus propagation in vitro
as a potential source of the pathogen for use in the biological con-
trol of mosquitoes will be determined.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Hlth. Ed. & Wei. - N.I.H.
2.0036, RADIATION CYTOGENET1CS OF THE YELLOW-
Laboratory, Notre
£>ame,/n<&ma46556(AT(ll-l)-38)
The major objectives of this research project have been ( 1 )
accumulation of basic cytogenetic information following irradia-
tion and chemosterilant treatment in the yellow-fever mosquito,
'Aedes aegypti', and (2) possible application of knowledge thus
gained for genetic control purposes. Areas currently active in-
clude cytogenetic analysis of radiation-induced translocations,
cellular and chromosomal basis of mutagen-induced sexual sterili-
ty and manipulation of chromosomal mechanisms for mosquito
control. There are several cytogenetic mechanisms, particularly
those associated with structural chromosomal heterozygosity
(reciprocal translocations, inversions, etc.), that may result in
varying degrees of sterility.
Genetic analysis on two translocations has been completed.
One RT (1:2) involes linkage groups I and II with the original
break points 0.3 cross over units from sex on group I and 1 .6 units
from 'spot' abdomen gene on group II. The other translocation,
RT ( 1:3) involves linkage groups I and III with the original break
points 1 .0 cross over units from red on group I and 0.5 units from
the 'black tarsus' gene on group HI. Population dynamics to in-
vestigate (a) the use of double translocation male heterozygotes
(b) alternating releases of RT 1:2 and RT 1:3 heterozygotes and
(c) release of individual translocations (one at a time) will be un-
dertaken. In addtion, a search for translocation homozygotes and
inversions will continue.
Part 1 of 2
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Atomic Energy Commission
2.0037, FACTORS AFFECTING ROLE OF MICROOR-
GANISMS IN BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF INSECT PESTS
E.S. RAUN, Iowa State University, Agricultural Experiment Sta.,
Ames, Iowa 50010 (IOW01562)
OBJECTIVE: An understanding of the role pathogens play in
insect populations. Clarify apparent changes in European corn
borer susceptibility to strains of the pathogen, Perezia pyraustae
(Protozoa).
APPROACH: Pyraustae occurs differentially in nature, ap-
pearing to respond in intensity to unidentified extrinsic factors.
Strains of the host will be tested for susceptibility to selected
strains of the pathogen over the range of environmental condi-
tions encountered in the hosts range.
PROGRESS: The prevalence of microsporidian infections in
a number of species of mosquitoes in central Iowa has been as-
sessed. Voluminous data have been collected in an attempt to re-
late occurrence and intensity of infection to environmental fac-
tors such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, pH, temperature, nitrites,
etc. This data is currently being readied for statistical analysis.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - C.S.R.S.
2.0038, POPULATION GENETICS AND RADIOGENETICS
IN MOSQUITOES
G. FRIZZI, Istituto Genetico, Cagliari, Italy
The radiogenetic studies are proceeding according to pro-
gramme, with the research into mutations, be they of theoretic in-
terest - in order to mark the chromosomes or from the practical
point of view, in order to find mutations, which will be of use for
the biological control of Anopheles, as suggest by W.H.O. The
surprising thing is that up to the present moment we have been
able to obtain many chromosomal rearrangements, mostly inver-
sions, translocations, but no genie mutations whatsoever.
After having studied genetically, biochemically, the only
spontaneous mutant red eye- we are proceeding with a new line of
research by means of autoradiography and with the electronic
microscope With the former process we are trying to follow the
synthesis of DMA in the polytenic chromosomes, specially with
regard to the heterochromosomes which we suspect play a most
important role m the evoluUon of the sibling species By means of
the latter process we are trying to resolv! the problem of the
1-72
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asinapsi which are to be found in the hybrids, of various crossing
between the species. For what is concerned with our studies of
biochemical genetics in mosquitoes we are at present studying
new gene-enzyme system (alkaline phosphatases, esterases, xan-
tine oxidases, malate dehydrogenases) in the attempt to put in
evidence the existence of linkage group in at least one species by
using these markers. In the cytogenetic field we still use the
method of Guinacrine mustard, to show up by means of
fluorescence - the zones of major concentration of Guanina in the
mitotic chromosomes in order to see whether it is possible to
distinguish the various species by means of this reaction.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Hlth. Ed. & Wei. - N.I.H.
2.0039, RELATION OF APPLICATION METHODS, CON-
CENTRATION, AND VOLUME OF INSECTICIDE TO CAT-
TLE INSECT CONTROL
F.W. KNAPP, Univ. of Kentucky, Agricultural Experiment Sta.
Lexington, Kentucky 40506 (KY00476)
OBJECTIVE: Determine the rapidity of effectiveness and
degradation of residual action on livestock insect pests insecticide
formulations; determine intervals and methods of application,
determine effect of environmental conditions on insecticidal
treatment on animals.
APPROACH: Insects will be exposed to treated animals for 8
to 12 hours, and the dead and live insects counted. Blood
cholinesterase determinations to determine toxic effect on host
animal. Various application methods of insecticides will be used.
PROGRESS: Ultra low volume (ULV) aerial applications of
naled, trichlorfon, Baygon and combination of fenthion and
Baygon resulted in rapid knockdown of adult mosquitoes. Baygon
applied in water and in combination with Fenthion showed no ad-
vantage over Baygon ULV alone. Trichlorfon shows great
promise as it did control larvae as well as adults and has clearance
for use in livestock as well as other crops. A new insecticide appli-
cation method (SiCl(4) insecticide) (NH(3) H(2)O) -
(SiO(2)(s) insecticide) (NH(4)Cl(s) insecticide) that may be
useful for fly and other insect control was found to be successful
against mosquitoes. Low volume of insecticidal dusts, applied to
cattle by self dusters, proved effective against the horn fly and
reduced face fly populations. This method gives the farmer a
practical as well as an economical fly control program.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture C.S.R.S.
2.0040, BIOLOGY ECOLOGY AND CONTROL OF IN-
SECTS TICKS AND MITES WHICH ATTACK LIVESTOCK,
POULTRY AND HOUSEHOLD
E.C. BURNS, Louisiana State University, Agricultural Experi-
ment Sta., Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803 (LAB00905)
OBJECTIVE: Obtain information on the biology, ecology
and distribution of pests of livestock, poultry and pets. Evaluate
the damage to livestock and poultry caused by insects, ticks, and
mites. Develop and maintain effective and economical control
measures.
APPROACH: Efforts to develop a technique for rearing
horse flies under laboratory conditions for lexicological and
biological studies will continue. Cages sufficiently large to simu-
late tabanid breeding environments will be utilized. Various types
of traps, trap animals and larval collections will be used in
seasonal abundance, geographic distribution, biological and
ecological studies. Statewide surveys will be conducted to deter-
mine species and seasonal distribution of ticks in Louisiana. This
study also will include evaluation of the fire ant as a predator of
ticks. A program to determine any change in the effectiveness of
existing recommended materials must be maintained and new
candidate materials must be evaluated continually.
PROGRESS: No significant difference was found in rate of
gain of beef cattle on which horn flies were kept to a minimum.
However, populations of flies on the controls were low. Con-
sistently good horn fly control was obtained with insecticides ap-
plied by dust bags when cattle were forced to use them. Results
were erratic when the dust bags were offered free choice.
Techniques have been developed for laboratory rearing of lone
star ticks and for confining the ticks on large animals. Horse flies -
Malathion treated, CO(2) baited traps did not provide effective
2. AQUATIC PEST CONTROL
control under field conditions; flowmeter tests on relationship of
release rates of CO(2) to attractancy to adults were inconclusive;
a general correlation existed between the incidence of anaplas-
mosis in a dairy herd and one tabanid species, carbohydrate
source studies are incomplete; correlation studies between adult
populations and certain meterological conditions are in progress.
The feeding of natural populations of Psorophora confinnis
caused economically significant reductions in average daily gain
(0.4 Ib/day) of feed lot steers receiving low energy rations (60%
rice straw) compared to steers on the same ration protected from
mosquito feeding by wire screen.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - C.S.R.S.
2.0041, CYTOPLASMIC INHERITANCE AND CONTROL
OF CULEX PIPIENS
W.L. FRENCH, Louisiana State University, School of Arts, Baton
Rouge, Louisiana 70803
The study of the cytoplasmic incompatibility system in Culex
pipiens will provide basic scientific information concerning the
nature and the segregation of cytoplasmic genes. Cytoplasmic in-
compatibility is the only system in which such a study is possible
in any advanced form of animal life. The cytoplasmic system will
be studied at the genetic and molecular level.
Strains of Culex mosquitoes will be developed by selective
procedures for cytoplasmic genes. These mosquitoes will have a
completely stable cytoplasmic mating type and will be ideally
suited for use in the cytoplasmic incompatibility system for
mosquito control.
The possibility that a second type of cytoplasmic sterility ex-
ists in Culex populations will be examined. This system may be
useful as an alternative to the cytoplasmic mating type in
mosquito control procedures.
A new procedure for the genetic control of mosquito popula-
tions will be developed. This is a genetic system in which the
mosquitoes breed themselves to annihilation.
The mosquitoes developed for this control procedure would
be of great scientific usefulness in studies of basic genetics and
mutagenesis.
The tools of molecular genetic analysis will be applied to the
problems of cytoplasmic inheritance genetics, molecular taxono-
my and mosquito control.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Hlth. Ed. & Wei. - N.I.H.
2.0042, BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY OF SALT-MARSH
MOSQUITOES OF LOUISIANA
E.S. HATHAWAY, Univ. of Southwestern La., School of Agricul-
ture, Lafayette, Louisiana 70501 (OOENTH0112191 ICO)
OBJECTIVE: Determine population dynamics of salt-marsh
mosquitoes of Louisiana and evaluate land and water manage-
ment practices for control.
APPROACH: Conduct mosquito surveys to determine spe-
cies, abundance, and migration. Determine effects on mosquito
breeding by current and experimental water management
procedures.
PROGRESS: Light trap studies indicated that the ratio of
females to males for total catches was about 14 to 1. Anopheles
crucians and Culex salinarius were collected the year around with
the latter being the most abundant.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture A.R.S. - E.N.T
2.0043, BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF MOSQUITOES,
SAND FLIES, AND GNATS OF U.S. COAST
H.C. CHAPMAN, Mcneese State College, U.S.D.A. Entomology
Res. Div., Lake Charles, Louisiana 70601 (OOENTH0102190700)
OBJECTIVE: Determine distribution, abundance, taxonomy
and ecology of mosquitoes, their biological control and effect of
water-land management practices on their breeding in the U.S.
Gulf Coast region.
APPROACH: Study oviposition preferences, ecological
limitations, identify, culture and test pathogens and other biologi-
cal control agents and determine their usefulness for controlling
salt-marsh and rice field mosquitoes, sand flies, and gnats.
1-73
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2. AQUATIC PEST CONTROL
PROGRESS: Salinity range had little effect on habitat selec-
tion by Orthopodomyia signifera whereas ovipositing females of
Aedes triseriatus preferred low salinity habitats. Uranotaenia
lowii was colonized for the first time. Although more than 46,000
adult females from our Thelophania infected colony of Culex
salinarius were released over 32 weeks in the field, the level of in-
fection, as assayed by egg raft collections, was no more than nor-
mal. Approximately 56% of the anopheline larvae in 48 weekly
collections from a pond were infected with Coelomomyces. A
new non-inclusion iridescent virus (COIV) was found in larvae of
Corethrella brakeleyi. Chilo Iridescent Virus (CIV) is the first
virus of non-mosquito origin (a moth) transmitted to mosquitoes.
Nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) in Aedes sollicitans infected 5
colonized mosquito species in the laboratory. Both NPV and CPV
in A. sollicitans have been transmitted by adult females via the
egg to their larval progeny. The level of Romanomermis infection
in mosquito larvae varied with water level fluctuation of ponds
and with temperature. Pressuring late 4th instars of Culex p.
quinquefasciatus with large numbers of Romanomermis
preparasitics resulted in the nematode being carried into adult
mosquitoes. About 9.5% of the dissected adult females of A. sol-
licitans from the field were infected with the nematode
Agamomermis culicis. Cultures of Romanomermis sp., Gas-
tromermis sp., and Coelomomyces punctatus were established in
artificial ponds in outdoor screened cages.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture A.R.S. - E.N.T
2.0044, BIOLOGY AND WATER MANAGEMENT STU-
DIES FOR CONTROL OF LOUISIANA MOSQUITOES (RICE
FIELDS)
E.S. HATHAWAY, Mcneese State College, Graduate School,
Lake Charles, Louisiana 70601 (OOENTHO1131907CO)
OBJECTIVE: Obtain biological data on seasonal variation of
economically important mosquitoes common to rice fields and
evaluate water management practices for their control.
APPROACH: Use light traps to survey the abundance of
major species of mosquitoes in relationship to larval breeding
areas in the rice fields and coastal marsh lands of Louisiana and
evaluate water management practices as control measures for lar-
vae.
PROGRESS: Research has continued at McNeese State Col-
lege. Light trap studies indicated that the ratio of females to males
for total catches was about 14 to 1. Anopheles crucians and Culex
salinarius were collected the year around with the latter being the
most abundant.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - A.R.S. E.N.T
2.0045, EFFECT OF PREDATORS AND PARASITES ON
MOSQUITO BREEDING IN LOUISIANA
E.S. HATHAWAY, Mcneese State College, Graduate School,
Lake Charles, Louisiana 70601 (OOENTH01141907CO)
OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the potential of native fishes and in-
sect predators for control of mosquito larvae in coastal-marsh
areas of Louisiana.
APPROACH: Culture mosquitoes, native fishes, and insect
predators in laboratory and field aquaria to determine biological
control potentials. Evaluate the predators in semi-field tests.
PROGRESS: Predation studies in tanks were restricted to
Gambusia affinis and demonstrated that on the average, as the
minnows increased in size their consumption of mosquito larvae
increased. Fish weighing .083 g and .425 g averaged 11 and 80
larvae, respectively. Larval consumption also varied by time of
year (probably temperature related) from an average of 84/day in
July and August to 6/day in December. Data on consumption rate
offish held individually, as compared to groups, was inconclusive.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - A.R.S. E.N.T
2.0046, CONTROL OF BLACK FLIES AND MOSQUITOES
IN MAINE
I.V. MCDAN1EL, Univ. of Maine, Agricultural Experiment Sta.,
Orono, Maine04473 (ME00193)
OBJECTIVE- Determine bionomics of the more important
»ectaTof Hack flies Ind mosquitoes of Maine. Conduct research
on pmcticat methods of control. Conduct research on colomza-
will be determined by an evalua-
tion program in 'the field. Chemical and permanent control
methods will be utilized. Rearing will be conducted ,n the labora-
tory in order to improve rearing techniques and evaluate factors
that influence mating.
PROGRESS: Eggs of univoltine Aedes have been held for
two years in viable condition. Some eggs hatched after three years
of storage but the percentage was low. Selective breeding suggests
that the ability of Aedes eggs to respond to a hatching stimulus is
in part under genetic control. It is possible to select strains that
will respond to either high or low oxygen levels. Work is being
continued on a new technique for rearing black flies. The method
has enabled us to rear rather large numbers of larvae under
crowded conditions with low mortality in most cases. The method
is unique in that larvae are put in motion rather than the water.
Our mosquito collection is being worked up for a paper on species
distribution and importance. The findng of A. pionips represents
a new distribution record. We may have found a new species, but
additional specimens are needed for confirmation. Simulium
nyssa represents a new record for this area. A species of planari-
an, Phagocata woodworthi, has been observed to feed on black fly
larvae. Mesostoma macroprostatum, a turbellerian, has been ob-
served feeding upon mosquito larvae. Taxonomic problems relat-
ing to A. stimulans, excrucians and fitchii have been resolved and
our specimens will be placed with the U.S. National Museum. We
have developed a technique for obtaining mosquito eggs from the
field in quantity for laboratory use. Most eggs can be readily
identified by skilled workers. Eggs of A. Communis, abserratus
and punctor, however, are easily confused and present problems
which we have not been able to resolve.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - C.S.R.S.
2.0047, INTERSPECIFIC COMPETITION AMONG
MOSQUITOES
L.E. ROZEBOOM, Johns Hopkins University, School of Public
Health, Baltimore, Maryland 1 \ 205
The principal research objective will be to follow the
progress of the colonization of the island of Taiaro, in the
Tuamotu group, by A. albopictus, which was released there in
January, 1970.
A preliminary field observation of the possible impact of in-
vading A. albopictus on the resident population of A. guamensis,
in Guam, will be made with the cooperation of the Navy's en-
tomological unit.
Laboratory studies include cross breeding experiments
between members of the Aedes scutellaris group to determine
genetic relationships, and between these and A. albopictus in a
continuing search for genetic barriers.
We hope also to study the mechanisms involved in the sup-
pression of A. polynesiensis by A. albopictus in the larval stage.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Hlth. Ed. & Wei. - N.I.H.
2.0048, GENETIC STUDIES ON THE CONTROL OF AR-
BOVIRUS VECTORS
H.C. BARNETT, Univ. of Maryland, School of Medicine, Bal-
timore, Maryland 2 1 20 1
These investigations are concerned principally with genetic
studies of the Culex tritaeniorhynchus complex of mosquitoes,
vectors of Japanese encephalitis, West Nile fever and Chikungu-
nya fever viruses and of Aedes aegypti, vector of yellow fever and
the dengue viruses. There are two major objectives: basic studies
of the genetics of these mosquito species and discovery and
development of genetic mechanisms which will permit the biolog-
ical manipulation or control of mosquito population It is
*-•
<*««<»
1-74
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SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Hlth. Ed. & Wei. - N.I.H.
2.0049, INSECT CHEMOSTERILANTS
A.B. BORKOVEC, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Entomology
Research Division, Beltsville, Maryland 20705
(OOENTM0204210200)
OBJECTIVE: Develop synthetic organic, organometallic,
and inorganic compounds that are specific chemosterilants of in-
sects and can be used safely and effectively.
APPROACH: Synthesize or procure a wide variety of com-
pounds to be screened as insect chemosterilants. Investigate the
mode of action of effective chemosterilants, correlate their struc-
ture with activity, and obtain basic chemical data needed for their
analysis, formulation, and application. Make or procure larger
quantities of promising compounds for further research and
development.
PROGRESS: In the study of the mode of action of hempa,
the previously postulated methylol intermediate has been synthes-
ized and found active as a male sterilant. A series of (1-aziridi-
nyljphosphine oxides and sulfides was synthesized; several mem-
bers of this series show high activity and a practical potential as
mosquito sterilants. The study of interactions of this type of al-
kylating agents with DNA indicates a degree of crosslinking that
can be correlated with sterilizing activity. Nonalkylating
dithiazolium derivatives were found to be equal to the best al-
kylating agents as male sterilants. Further synthesis and structure-
activity studies are in progress. For the screening program, 201
new candidate chemosterilants were submitted. Larger quantities
of tepa, thiotepa, and ENT-50838 were prepared for field experi-
ments conducted by the Division.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - A.R.S. E.N.T
2.0050, BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF INSECT CON-
TROL AGENTS
R.L. WALKER, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Entomology Research
Division, Beltsville, Maryland 20705 (OOENTM0901210200)
OBJECTIVE: Initial evaluation of activity of new chemical
materials and new formulations against insects.
APPROACH: Make small-scale laboratory tests on selected
insect species of new synthetic compounds and natural products
for activity as insecticides, synergists, chemosterilants, attrac-
tants, repellents, or hormone-type growth regulators. Study mode
of action and metabolism of chemosterilant compounds and other
new types of agents in insects. Evaluate new aerosol and space
spray formulations against resistant and nonresistant houseflies
and mosquitoes. Coordinate screening of new compounds at all
Entomology Research Division laboratories. Investigate produc-
tion and release of sex pheromones in insects.
PROGRESS: Three hundred seventy-six compounds from in-
dustry or Government sources were distributed from Beltsville to
ENT laboratories for preliminary evaluation as insecticides or
acaricides; 2 materials of natural origin and 678 synthetic com-
pounds from ENT chemists, private industry, or other Govern-
ment agencies were distributed for tests as insect attractants,
repellents, or chemosterilants. Of 123 materials further evaluated
in the field several were found to be effective against some major
'hard to control' pests such as the tobacco budworm, bollworm,
and cabbage looper. Thirty-four materials equalled a fencholic
acid standard in repelling one or more of four economic
cockroach species. A new aerosol, G-1707 (pyrethrins 0.45%-
Tropital synergist 2.7%) was developed and accepted for use on
ships and aircraft by the USPHS in lieu of two previously used
aerosols containing DDT. Of 45 materials of natural origin and
319 synthetic compounds evaluated for hormonal activity against
two insect species, 40 showed good activity. The structure-activi-
ty relationships of bis-aziridinyl phosphorus compounds were elu-
cidated in a critical evaluation of the male sterilizing potency of
these compounds on the house fly.
2. AQUATIC PEST CONTROL
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture A.R.S. - E.N.T
2.00S1, MALARIA ERADICATION RESEARCH
C. PEARCE, U.S. Dept. of Hlth. Ed. & Wei., P.H.S., Bethesda,
Maryland 20014
Purpose: To maintain effectiveness and economy in malaria
eradication programs through investigation and development of
new or improved equipment, materials and methods.
Description of Activity: The project is located in the PHS
Technical Development Laboratories, Savannah, Georgia. In-
vestigations are chemical (insecticide formulation and testing),
engineering (insecticide packaging and application equipment),
and biological (mosquito control). Facilities include large colo-
nies of major problem species of malaria mosquitoes, extensive
laboratories and workshops, and a wide range of simulated
representative housing conditions. Work is closely coordinated
with related programs of WHO, PAHO, UNICEF and numerous
countries.
Accomplishments: Contributions have included high quality
formulations of DDT and other insecticides, improvement of in-
secticidal equipment and packaging with great savings thorough
enhanced efficiency and prevention of waste, demonstration of
effective insecticides to be used instead of DDT, and studies of
materials and methods alternative to insecticidal control. The
project has provided consultation and training assistance to nu-
merous overseas programs.
Future Targets: As the worldwide malaria eradication pro-
gram progresses, methods other than standard DDT house-spray-
ing techniques are increasingly revealed as necessary for a suc-
cessful conclusion of the program in special problem areas. An
expansion of investigations toward effective alternative and sup-
plementary methods is proposed during the next two years.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of State
2.0052, BIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL FACTORS
INFLUENCING THE DEVELOPMENT OF LARVAL
MOSQUITO POPULATIONS
T.M. PETERS, Univ. of Massachusetts, Agricultural Experiment
Sta., Amherst, Massachusetts01002 (MAS00253)
OBJECTIVE: Study ecology of mosquito larvae, including:
comparative study of pond ecosystems. Comparative study of
sampling.
APPROACH: Investigate natural populations, manipulate
population ratios between carnivorous-herbivorous and her-
bivorous-herbivorous mosquito complexes. Modify biotic and
physical environment by: Removal and addition of vegetation,
Addition of non-toxic dyes to interfere with light penetration, Ad-
diton of commercial fertilizers to alter the microbiota. Test sam-
pling techniques. Study mosquito movements by mark and release
method, stratified sampling, and underwater observations.
PROGRESS: Methylene Blue, 0.5-2.5 ppm., and neutral red,
3-9 ppm., have been shown to retard growth as effectively as Nile
Blue A, 0.25-2.5 ppm., demonstrating that growth retardation by
vital dyes is not tied to a specific respiratory block. Growth retar-
dation by exposure to vital dyes is not linked to starvation
phenomena. Compensatory mechanisms available for survival of
mosquito larvae under environmental stress are being in-
vestigated. Under increasingly crowded-starved conditions (treat-
ments of 40, 160, 280, 400, 520, 640, 960, 1280 larvae/universe)
reduction of biomass, 0.59 mg (40/universe) to 0.19 mg (1280
universe), is linked to prolonged mean developmental period, 123
hrs. (40/universe) to 624 hrs. (1280/universe), so that even with a
final average of 70% mortality (1280/universe) compared with
13% mortality (40/universe) the most crowded population begins
to 'pump out' undersized but mature individuals, rather than suc-
cumb to 'collective suicide' as previously suspected.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - C.S.R.S.
2.0053, FACTORS AFFECTING THE ROLE OF
MICROORGANISMS IN THE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF
INSECT PESTS
D.L. HAYNES, Michigan State University, Agricultural Experi-
ment Sta., East Lansing, Michigan 48823 (MICL00969)
1-75
465-868 O - 72 - 6
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2. AQUATIC PEST CONTROL
OBJECTIVE: Identify bacterial, viral, protozoan, fungal and
rickettsial parasites and nematodes of economically important in-
sects. Establish the factors and their interrelationships that affect
the abundance and distribution of these microorganisms in na-
ture. Determine pathology of organisms referred to in Objective
1. Develop techniques for propagating and maintaining pathogens
and their subsequent application to field populations of insects.
Evaluate the effectiveness of selected insect pathogens in the
field.
APPROACH: Search for indigenous nematodes and
microorganisms capable of parasitizing Michigan Scolytus multis-
triatus populations; carry out laboratory studies on conditions
favoring parasitization, multiplication and dissemination; Procure
and cultivate exotic forms for possible dissemination and evalua-
tion and analyze requirements of promising species in relation to
the Michigan environment.
PROGRESS: Intraspecific competition for food in fields of
high density is the major regulating factor in beetle survival.
There are several regions in Michigan which are producing cereal
leaf beetles at this maximum carrying capacity in addition to Ber-
rien County. Population in Jackson, Shiawassee and Kalamazoo
counties have densities equal to Berrien. Total defoliation to
wheat occurred at the Gull Lake Biological Station in 1969 and it
is expected that corn will sustain measurable damage to its foliage
from feeding adults for the first time in this region. The parasitic
mermithid nematode found attacking the snow mosquito in
Michigan has been tentatively assigned to the genus Hydromermis
as a new species by the Nematology Investigations Group of the
United States Department of Agriculture. Basic studies of the life
history of the parasite have been initiated. Infection has been
shown to commence in the first instar mosquito larvae. Percent
infection of immature mosquitoes sometimes reaches 85 percent.
Encapsulation of the parasite by the host also begins in the first in-
star larvae. However, the percentage of hosts with encapsulated
nematodes does not increase after the second instar. Parasites in
early instar larvae are chiefly localized in the head: later they
migrate to the abdomen of the host.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - C.S.R.S.
2.0054, BIOLOGICAL AND SYSTEMATIC STUDIES ON
AQUATIC ARTHROPODS
E.F. COOK, Univ. of Minnesota, Agricultural Experiment Sta.,
Saint Paul, Minnesota 55101 (MIN-17-017)
OBJECTIVE: Pursue anatomical and biological studies on
the various taxa of aquatic arthropods and their relatives that will
enable us to recognize, characterize, and rank them. Concurrent
with the above objectives, it is intended to develop a knowledge
of the aquatic arthropod fauna of Minnesota.
APPROACH: Biological and anatomical studies of aquatic
arthropods of all types, food habits, ecological relationships, life
histories, distribution, etc., will be pursued as the need arises in
specific taxonomic areas. These studies will be adapted to
problems as they develop and will combine both the anatomical
and biological approach. Emphasis will be placed on work with
living aquatic insects and aquatic insect populations but not to the
exclusion of preserved museum specimens.
PROGRESS: Additional records have been added to the
preliminary catalog of the aquatic insects of Minnesota. Revi-
sional studies on several taxa of Chironomidae are still underway
with the revision of Diamesinae nearing completion. A revision of
the genus Optinervius in the Elmidae has been completed. The
light trap collection of aquatic adults made in 1968 has been
sorted and partly identified; sorting of material collected in 1969
is now underway.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - C.S.R.S.
2.0055, SUSCEPTIBILITY OF INSECTS TO INSECTI-
CIDES
L.K. CUTKOMP, Univ. of Minnesota, Agricultural Experiment
Sta., Saint Paul, Minnesota 55101 (MIN-17-048)
OBJECTIVE: Effectively use a poorly persistent insecticide
as related to cyclical metabolism or behavior of the treatment in-
sect. Studies of the magnitude of differences in cyclical physiolog-
ical events as correlated with the magnitude of tolerance to rapid-
acting insecticides. Relate insecticide pick-up to symptoms and
mortality and metabolic or behavioral activity.
APPROACH: Measurements of oxygen consumption (as a
measurable indicator or metabolism) over several consecutive
W-rfour Periods. Selected insecticides («8«^?g"f «>
carbamates) evaluated for effectiveness at different times. Cor-
relations of time of effectiveness and time of cyclical events wdl
be used as guides. Organisms to be tested are American
cockroaches, larvae of mosquitoes (Aedes aegypti)-
PROGRESS: A circadian (about once in 24 hours) rhythm of
oxvsen consumption has been shown for adult flour beetles,
Tribolium confusum, and larvae of the yellow fever mosquito,
Aedes aegypti. The peak periods (maximum uptake), called
acrophase were between 4 and 6 p.m. for mosquito larvae and 8-
9 p.m. for flour beetles. Statistical treatment, involving methods
of least squares and cosine analyses are yet to be applied to verify
significance. Inspection of the data would, however, indicate a
greater rhythm amplitude in mosquito larvae than in flour beetles.
Experiments designed to correlate insecticide sensitivity with
rhythm characteristics have not been significant, although further
experiments are desirable. A study of the specific activity of the
enzyme system, adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) in whole
mosquito larvae indicate maximum activity at about midnight,
some 4 hours later than the time of maximum oxygen consump-
tion.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - C.S.R.S.
2.0056, ABUNDANCE, DISTRIBUTION AND CONTROL
OF MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS, AFFECTING LIVESTOCK
R.H. ROBERTS, Delta Branch Experiment Sta., Stoneville, Mis-
sissippi 38776 (MIS-SUT-007)
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate current and develop new informa-
tion on the control of foul mites, ticks and lice under Mississippi
conditions. Conduct tests on the control of ticks on cattle and
mosquitoes as they may effect livestock.
APPROACH: Conduct tests on control of ticks of cattle and
on mosquitoes as they affect livestock. A field trial insecticide
program treating livestock, litter, farm buildings, dusting sites,
and/or barrier strips.
PROGRESS: No progress reported this period (active pro-
ject).
SUPPORTED BY Mississippi State Government
2.0057, BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF ARTHROPOD
PESTS OF LIVESTOCK
C.W. W1NGO, Univ. of Missouri, Agricultural Experiment Sta.,
Columbia, Missouri 65201 (MO00046)
OBJECTIVE: Study the factors contributing to occurrence,
abundance and activity of arthropod pests of livestock. Relate
these factors to control of pest species in order to prevent physi-
cal losses and debilitation and/or death by arthropod-borne dis-
ease organisms. Evaluate the use of chemical agents.
APPROACH: Studies involving the biology, especially
ecological factors, affecting the pests of livestock will be done.
Studies to formulate control methods for pests.
PROGRESS: A study of factors affecting mosquito control in
and around small urban communities was completed. Results of
the study show that the major portion of the control program is
devoted to fogging operations which are often ineffective even as
temporary measures because of unsuitable climatic conditions.
Larviciding was of much greater benefit especially in the case of
one of the two dominant species, Culex pipiens complex. Light
trap and larval surveys indicated that the other species of most
importance, Aedes vexans, did not breed extensively within the
urban limits and for this species local larvicide programs were
relatively ineffective. The laboratory face fly host- adapted strain
of Aphaereta pallipes was carried through more than 25 genera-
tions in the laboratory. A peak of 90% parasitism occurred during
the 13th generation. Maximum natural emergence from face fly
puparia was 50% during the 18th generation. Alysia ridibunda
(Say) has been confirmed as the species parasitizing bu-
coprophilous flies in Missouri. The principal host of A. ridibunda
has been found to be Ravinia assidua (Walker). Four Malaise
traps were operated ,n 4 sections of the state to collect horse flies
1-76
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as they occur seasonally. There records will be used in connection
with biological studies of species dominant previous to and during
anaplasmosis outbreaks.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - C.S.R.S.
2.0058, INSECT SURVEY OF MONTANA
E. HASTINGS, Montana State University, Agricultural Experi-
ment Sta., Bozeman, Montana 59715 (MONB00405)
OBJECTIVE: Maintain and further develop research and
working insect collection; investigate and make control recom-
mendations on local infestations of various destructive insects;
carry on research projects on problems which are limited in their
scope, coordinate the work of mosquito abatement districts
within the state.
APPROACH: This project is carried as a miscellaneous
catch-all to provide a means to perform the odd jobs we are con-
tinuously called upon to do. In general, we may investigate insect
problems which we feel are serious enough to warrant this activi-
ty, estimate their extent and seriousness, and try to advise on
methods of alleviation.
PROGRESS: Preliminary investigations on face fly infesta-
tions in Montana were made under this project. In 1968, control
by self- applicatory devices was tested extensively and found to be
feasible, but in many cases grower-inertia tended to negate this
approach. Two releases of Aleochara tristis (an introduced beetle
parasite of face fly pupae) totalling 40,000 specimens were made
in the Hamilton-Victor area in late 1967 and early 1968. To date,
attempts to demonstrate their having established themselves suc-
cessfully have proved unfruitful. Parasitism of face flies by the
naturally occurring parasitic nematode, Heterotylenchus autum-
nalis ranged from 20 to SO percent in 1968, which may have been
a factor in the notable reduction of 1968 infestations. The
reference collection of insects was maintained. Mosquito, alfalfa
weevil, and grasshopper infestations were evaluated.
SUPPORTED BY Montana State Government Helena
2.0059, SURVEY OF INSECT PROBLEMS IN MONTANA
E. HASTINGS, Montana State University, Agricultural Experi-
ment Sta., Bozeman, Montana 59715 (MONB00407)
OBJECTIVE: Provide identification of insect species;
develop and maintain reference and research collection of in-
sects. Evaluate damage potential of sporadic insect infestations
and, if necessary, initiate short-term control studies. Assemble
material for State Entomologist Biennial Report. Furnish infor-
mation to mosquito abatement districts.
APPROACH: Carry forth procedures necessary to accom-
plish above objectives using standard and experimental en-
tomological procedures.
PROGRESS: Associated with a project entitled 'The Ecologi-
cal Effects of Weather Modification', insects were collected from
the Bangtail study areas in an attempt to ultimately relate insect
population changes with vegetative changes. These collections
are currently being processed. Recent collections have been
limited to grasshoppers alone, and in part because of very limited
numbers, few, if any, valid correlations may be expected. The
widespread occurrence of army cutworm and army worm popula-
tions of variable density throughout cultivated areas of Montana
resulted in much concern and numerous requests for evaluation
of damage potential. Heavy stream flow along with timely rains
contributed to a relatively severe mosquito problem occurring in
many sections of the state. Six of the present seven mosquito con-
trol districts were visited, their problems evaluated in some cases
and local boards and control personnel conferred with regarding
their problems of source reduction and insecticide application, a
very touchy subject in and around urban areas.
SUPPORTED BY Montana State Government Helena
2.0060, MOSQUITO INVESTIGATIONS - RESEARCH
AND DEVELOPMENT
L.E. HAGMANN, Rutgers the State University, Agricultural Ex-
periment Sta., New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903 (NJ00402)
OBJECTIVE: Investigations on basic mosquito biology con-
trol by biological, chemical, and physical measures.
2. AQUATIC PEST CONTROL
APPROACH: Biological species distribution surveys, feed-
ing habits and host preferences, diapause in aedine eggs and
hatching stimuli, colonization of native aedine species and larval
and adult parasites. Chemical - screening candidate insecticides,
resistance to DDT, studying properties of oil carriers, and field
tests. Physical - water management procedures, water quality re-
lated to mosquito production.
PROGRESS: Statewide larval surveys continued. Heavy
populations of early spring floodwater Aedes were noted.
Summer rains caused flooding and heavy populations of Aedes
vexans and A. trivittatus. Culiseta melanura populations on the
increase. This was reflected in the heavy resting box catches. A.
vexans completely refractory to colonization in the laboratory,
while A. sollicitans has shown some response. Circadian rhythms
of both species are being studied. Colonies of 4 species are cur-
rently being maintained. Host preference studies continue. Filari-
al parasite of bullfrog now maintained in the laboratory. Studies
on mosquito pathology continued. Resistance tests on field popu-
lations of both larvae and adults monitored. Base lines for Abate
and Baytex established. No DDT resistance in aedine populations.
Of newer materials tested only Dursban appears effective. Work
on non-target marsh organisms continued. Cooperative studies on
coastal wetlands involving other state agencies continued.
SUPPORTED BY New Jersey State Government - Trenton
2.0061, COORDINATION OF MOSQUITO CONTROL IN
NEW JERSEY
D.M. JOBBINS, Rutgers the State University, Agricultural Ex-
periment Sta., New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903 (NJ00401)
OBJECTIVE: The coordination of mosquito control includ-
ing review and approval of county commission plans and budgets.
Statewide surveillance of mosquito problems. Service to county
commissions. Technical and administrative aid to the State
Mosquito Control Commission. The dissemination of information
on mosquitoes.
APPROACH: Coordination activities with all groups con-
cerned with wetlands and the management of mosquito-produc-
ing waters. Statutory and assigned obligations will be discharged.
Statewide mosquito surveillance through ground inspection and
mechanical traps will continue.
PROGRESS: Mosquito control County programs budgeted
in excess of $5,000,000 were reviewed. State-aid grants budgeted
at $375,000 for basic mosquito control and $150,000 for aircraft
insecticidal application were allocated or administered. Objec-
tives of valuable plant, animal and marine resources; to further re-
gional projects in water management in upland forest and
estuarine zones; and to concentrate mosquito control on areas of
recent and potential involvement with eastern encephalitis.
Mosquito surveillance continued throughout the state, in indica-
tor areas and those recently subjected to flood damage and en-
cephalitis outbreaks. No mosquito transmitted encephalitis in
man was reported in 1969. In administering the augmented air-
craft spray program in 7 counties for the 20th season improved
techniques in application of ultra-low volume malathion and
other non-persistent formulations were investigated. New am-
phibious excavator equipment advanced hydraulic alteration of
tidal marshes in the Delaware Bay and Atlantic regions. Public
education continued through meetings, short courses, conven-
tional publicity and publication of the Proceedings of the New
Jersey Mosquito Extermination Association.
SUPPORTED BY New Jersey State Government - Trenton
2.0062, MOSQUITOES IN RELATION TO AGRICUL-
TURAL PRODUCTION AND VETERINARY SCIENCE
D.M. JOBBINS, Rutgers the State University, Agricultural Ex-
periment Sta., New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903 (NJ00426)
OBJECTIVE: Evaluation of mosquitoes on production of
meat, milk and animal products and development of procedures
for reducing economic loss. Definition of mosquitoes in manage-
ment of equines and research on systemic and surface repellents
for animals. Role of mosquitoes in transmission of virus and
protozoan diseases of domestic birds and animals and reservoirs
of diseases.
APPROACH: Comparative sampling of mosquitoes by
trapping, resting shelters and visual observations on domestic
1-77
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2. AQUATIC PEST CONTROL
animals. Serological determinations of mosquito blood-meals;
collection of sera, antigen preparation and parasitological study.
PROGRESS: Serological identification of mosquito blood
meal sources continued as a basic research study of host
preferences and as a State Health Department shared project
toward defining the reservoir hosts and vectors of viral en-
cephalitis. Virus isolation by SHD follows host identification.
Colonization of Culex teritans was established as was Toxor-
hynchites rutilus. Both have significant research potential. Frog
filariasis is being developed as a laboratory model for mosquito-
borne filariasis. The bullfrog filaria involved is a new species
being described. A New Jersey Blackfly survey is in progress as
preliminary to biological control research, 16 species were
revealed in some 150 different sites. New Jersey mosquito species
are being completely reexamined from taxonomic and biological
relationships. Extensive reference collections were mounted.
Search for virus vector associations in nature continued. Among
biological assay agents Cyclops vernalis was used to evaluate ef-
fects of Abate, malathion, Flit-MLO, Paris Green and other
mosquito larvicides. Refinements in assay technique using algae
and food culture components show promise. Cyclops spartinus
was the field assay agent.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture C.S.R.S.
2.0063, MOSQUITO CONTROL - TIDAL MARSHES
F. FERRIGNO, State Div. of Fi. Gm. & Shfsh., Trenton, New Jer-
sey 08625
Objectives: Chemical and physical evaluation to provide
adequate control of mosquitoes on tidal marshes. Also, to evalu-
ate their effects on other marsh organisms as well as the water,
soil, and other interests.
Procedures: Over the years this study has supplied us with
much information on the problems associated with coastal
mosquito wildlife management interests. Studies to be un-
dertaken pertaining to transporting and building up of residual in-
secticides on marshes or within marsh organisms. Accordingly, it
is urgent that an organization equipped with facilities to deter-
mine the chemical analyses of water, soil, salt bay eggs, micro and
macro-organisms, and tissues, cooperate in the study. Every effort
should be made this year to determine the 'hidden effects' of
these chemicals in this environment. In addition, experimentation
will continue on open marsh water management in an effort to
provide long-lasting control of mosquitoes and a better environ-
ment for fish and other wildlife. Ponding and ditching will be eval-
uated.
This study will eventually lead to control of pestifereous in-
sects, improvement of the tidal food web, and eventually elimina-
tion of insecticide from tidal marshes. Over 2000 acres of heavy
mosquito breeding marshes have been controlled by open marsh
water management.
Chemicals are no longer needed on these areas and organ-
isms of the food web are increasing.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior Bu. Sport Fish.
2.0064, WATER MANAGEMENT IN MOSQUITO IM-
POUNDMENTS
F. FERRIGNO, State Div. of Fi. Gm. & Shfsh., Trenton, New Jer-
sey 08625
Objectives: To carry on investigations on the effects of dik-
ing, pumping, and lowering the water table in impoundments
managed for mosquito control.
Procedure: There are many problems that will have to be stu-
died in this environment such as population, fresh water reserves,
salt water intrusion, mosquito production and wildlife use. After
evaluating the effects of present management, recommendations
will be made to satisfy a multiple of interests.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
2.0065, MOSQUITO CONTROL IN UPLAND SWAMPS
F. FERRIGNO, State Div. of Fi. Gm. & Shfsh., Trenton, New Jer-
sey 08625
Objectives: To determine the effects of mosquito control
practices (water management or insecticide applications) on the
"^Procedure: After an upland swamp has been treated with an
insecticide or ditched, larval dippings, cover-typing, collection of
pesticide samples, and wildlife population and utilization counts
will be made and compared with an untreated swamp.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
2.0066, CONTROLLING MOSQUITOES ON HAYING
F. FERRIGNO, State Div. of Fi. Gm. & Shfsh., Trenton, New Jer-
sey 08625 .
Objectives: To evaluate chemical and/or physical control of
mosquitoes on diked salt hay meadows from the standpoint of its
effect on vegetation, water, soil and marsh organisms.
Procedures: Mosquito control treatments on haying marshes
will be evaluated by making mosquito larval dippings, plankton
samples, soil analysis, cover-typing, wildlife population and
utilization censuses, and bag checks.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
2.0067, STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIPS AND
MODE OF ACTION OF INSECTICIDE SYNERGISTS
B. V. TRA VIS, State University of New York, Agricultural Experi-
ment Sta., Ithaca, New York 14850 (NYC00153)
OBJECTIVE: To renew studies of biting flies and related in-
sects to arrive at more acceptable means of control.
APPROACH: Biting flies along with certain related, but non-
biting species, limit or prohibit outdoor activities in New York
during the warmer portions of the year. Limitations in the use of
insecticides because of a potential for pollution make it necessary
to renew the studies of such insects in order to arrive at more ac-
ceptible means of control. Populations of such insects seem to be
increasing because of man-induced changes in the environment.
Surveys of the occurrence of species, studies of their biology and
behavior, and investigations of control tecnhiques both biological
and chemical are proposed, with emphasis placed upon black flies
and mosquitos.
PROGRESS: Stored products insects: The production of
quinones by several stored products insects, especially Latheticus
oryzae and Oryzaephilus surinamensis, was examined. The
presence of these substances, both natural and artificial, was stu-
died with respect to effect upon fecundity. p-Benzoquinones in
media maintained at 26 C and 65% relative humidity were found
to reduce fecundity. Failure of an incubator and the resulting loss
of colonies of insects caused a considerable delay in the work.
Mosquitoes: A study of the factors affecting egg production of
Aedes triseriatus has been completed. The major findings were:
the number of eggs matured by mated mosquitoes is correlated
with body weight, blood meal weight, and fed body weight; blood
meal size is almost twice as effective in predicting egg number as
is body size; mated mosquitoes produce a greater number of eggs
than do virgins; as the size of the mosquito increases, the minimal
quantity of blood required for egg maturation also increases;
mated and virgin mosquitoes do not differ in the intensity of their
biting drives or in their oviposition times following the blood
meal; unmated mosquitoes retain matured eggs with a greater
frequency and have a greater mortality rate than do mated
mosquitoes. Black Flies: Screening of 22 new insecticides against
black fly larvae were completed.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture C.S.R.S.
2.0068, INSECTS AFFECTING MAN
B.V. TRAVIS, State University of New York, Agricultural Experi-
ment Sta., Ithaca, New York 14850 (NYC00641)
OBJECTIVE: Biting Insects: Learn which species are impor-
tant; obtain the necessary biological information for effective
control; make field trials for working out the best control mea-
sures Household Insects: Learn the feeding responses, food rela-
tionships biology and ecology of the household insects and apply
these findings in a search for more effective means of control.
New and old chemicals will be screened.
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APPROACH: Biting Insects: Two lines of investigations will
be followed: a survey and methods of control. Household Insects:
Comparisons of duration of life-cycle, oviposition and larval feed-
ing will be studied regarding feeding responses and food relation-
ships. Insecticide residues on various treated surfaces and time in-
tervals measured for relative toxicity and residual effectiveness.
PROGRESS: Cluster Flies: Possible control of cluster flies by
treating the exterior of houses which are regularly infested was
studied using 46 houses scattered about Tompkins County.
Preliminary examination of data reveals wide variations in results,
especially one week and more following treatment. Effectiveness
of insecticidal treatments of the outside of houses is too short-
lived to be of practical value. Mosquitoes: A survey of selected
sites in Tompkins County has yielded 27 species identified from
more than 3500 larvae and adults collected and preserved for the
museum during the year. Seasonal distribution, ecological factors
and the incidence of aquatic mites on larvae are being tabulated.
Records and specimens from previous unpublished surveys are
also being considered in the study. Black Flies: Sampling of black
fly populations in Tompkins County, N.Y. commenced during
June of 1968 and was completed during September of 1969. Most
immature specimens have been identified and fifteen species have
thus far been located from the immature collections. Identifica-
tion of over 600 adult black fly specimens acquired during the
survey field work is proceeding well. At present the data on the
species and ecology are being assembled.
SUPPORTED BY New York State Government - Albany
2.0069, LEGAL REPRESENTATION OF CITIZEN'S IN-
TERESTS IN ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
UNKNOWN, Environmental Defense Fund, Riverhead, New
York
The Environmental Defense Fund had its origin in a suit filed
in April, 196o, by a citizen of Suffolk County, Long Island, who
sought to enjoin the county's mosquito control commission from
any further use of DDT. Even though the courts dismissed the suit
on technical grounds, the testimony of scientists aroused such
public int^'esi iiiat the County Board of Supervisors barred the
use of DDT.
In 1966, the Long Island group, now augmented by addi-
tional scientists, incorporated and expanded their work nation-
wide. EDF went on to build its reputation in Michigan, Wisconsin,
and Montana, with effective legal actions against the U.S.Depart-
ment of Agriculture and the Army Corps of Engineers among
others.
EDF brings cases in its own name as a representative of the
citizen's interest in environmental protection. Like the other or-
ganizations, it also brings legal action on behalf of long-
established conservation groups (the National Audubon Society
and the Sierra Club, for example). The Foundation grant will ena-
ble the organization, which up till now has relied on small grants
and contributions plus membership fees, to expand its scientific
and legal work.
SUPPORTED BY Ford Foundation New York, N.Y.
2.0070, MODE OF ACTION OF A NEW FUNGAL
PATHOGEN OF MOSQUITOES
D.W. ROBERTS, B. Thompson Inst. Plant Res., Yonkers, New
York 10701
Studies on the pathogenicity of Metarrhizium anisopliae have
shown that it is capable of causing a fatal disease of all species of
mosquito tested to date. It may destroy the larvae by localized
mycelial invasion or apparently by production of toxins after in-
gestion of ungerminated spores. The possibility of exploiting this
pathogenicity for mosquito larvae is more promising than for
most of the terrestrial host species where conditions of low hu-
midity often restrict the pathogen's development.
Careful studies are needed on the methods of disease induc-
tion. Particular attention will be paid to the production of
mycotoxins. Also mitotic recombination will be sought as a possi-
ble mechanism for producing strains of the fungus with selected
desirable characteristics for microbial control or elucidation of
modes of disease induction. Outdoor tests will be conducted to
determine if the high mortalities commonly attained in the labora-
tory are also possible in the field. In addition, compounds toxic to
2. AQUATIC PEST CONTROL
mosquito larvae will be sought in cultures of another en-
tomogenous fungus, Beauveria bassiana.
The basic data obtained should prove valuable in determin-
ing whether the pathogen may be used in a practical way to sup-
press mosquito populations or to reveal highly specific exotoxins
that could be useful in controlling mosquitoes of economic im-
portance.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Mth. Ed. & Wei. N.I.H.
2.0071, POTENTIAL OF COELOMOMYCES FOR CON-
TROLLING MOSQUITOES
D.W. ROBERTS, B. Thompson Inst. Plant Res., Yonkers, New
York 10701
Fungi of the genus 'Coelomomyces' are worldwide in dis-
tribution and cause high mortalities in mosquito populations.
They are not likely to cause environmental pollution since they
are host specific for mosquitoes and do not grow saprobically.
Nevertheless, the potential of these fungi has not been realized
because no one has successfully cultured them in vitro or precise-
ly determined the conditions under which they attack mosquito
larvae most effectively. There is ample evidence, however, that
they can be established in new localities where they persist and
cause disease from year to year. Several field collected species
will be examined for their adaptability to laboratory study; but 'C.
psorophorae', a species with wide host range (4 mosquito genera)
and distribution (much of the U.S.) and which is easily ger-
minated in the laboratory, will be emphasized in initial studies.
We propose to determine with the one species the ecological
parameters necessary for disease induction, to describe the details
of infection and disease development, to culture the fungus in
vitro, and in addition to survey locally for the first time for the oc-
currence of'Coelomomyces' in field populations.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Hlth. Ed. & Wei. N.I.H.
2.0072, STUDIES ON SOME FUNGAL PARASITES OF
MOSQUITOES
J.N. COUCH, Univ. of North Carolina, School of Arts, Chapel
Hill, North Carolina 27514
With improved methods for carrying on the infection experi-
ments in the greenhouse with Coelomomyces punctatus in
Anopheles quadrimaculatus I can regulate the amount of kill up
to near 100%. Studies to find better ways to store and transport
the inoculum, to find out how the fungus enters the coelom and
the more precise pathologic effects of the fungus on the host are
in progress or being planned. I plan to continue the field tests with
Coelomomyces punctatus in An. quadrimaculatus; to find out if
resistant races of Anopheles quadrimaculatus occur in nature or
develop in our infection experiments. Our search for Coelomo-
myces sp. in the malarial mosquitoes in Panama which has been in
progress since last January 1970 will be continued. This work is in
cooperation with the Gorgas memorial laboratory in the Canal
Zone. Dr. lyengar in Bangalore, India is continuing to send me
Coelomomyces material from India for infection as well as tax-
onomic studies.
Work is in progress on a taxonomic monograph describing all
known species.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Hlth. Ed. & Wei. N.I.H.
2.0073, EFFECTS OF MOSQUITO CONTROL DITCHING
ON HIGH SALT MARSHES IN NORTH CAROLINA, PHASE
1
E.J. KUENZLER, Univ. of North Carolina, School of Public
Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514
The proposed study would be conducted in ditched and un-
ditched Juncus marshes near Beaufort and Willison, North
Carolina. The project would begin July 1, 1970 and would extend
through June 30, 1972.
There are involved three ecological systems to be con-
sidered. 1) the unditched Juncus marsh, represented in the study
by the control marsh; 2) the ditched Juncus marsh; and 3) the
new aquatic systems in the ditches. The project may be divided
into a series of problems and methods as follows: 1. Does the
1-79
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2. AQUATIC PEST CONTROL
ditching provide a significant addition to the total subtidal area in
an estuary? Methods - The area of the ditches will be measured
and compared with the area of the estuary. 2. What kinds of
ecosystem occupies the ditches? Are the ditches used by signifi-
cant quantities of commercially valuable species, especially
shrimp? Methods - Sampling for commercially important forms
will be conducted at regular intervals. 3. During periods of inun-
dation, does any significant flux of nutrients occur between Jun-
cus marsh and the nearby estuary? If there is a detectable flux, is it
measurably affected by ditching? Are the direction and rate of
exchange dependent upon the concentration of the nutrient in the
water when it covers the marsh? Methods - Nutrient flux will be
evaluated in natural and experimental systems. 4. Could the
mosquito control ditches be used for aquaculture? Methods - The
potential of the ditches for oyster culture will be evaluated by
measuring the growth rates of oysters placed in the ditches. 5. Is
the ditching causing any significant change in plant community
structure? Methods - A survey of plant distribution and biomass
per unit area in ditched and unditched marshes will be conducted
every two months.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - O. Wtr. Res. Rch.
2.0074, THE CONTROL OF MOSQUITOES OF MILITA-
RY IMPORTANCE AND THE PREVENTION OF
MOSQUITO-BORNE DISEASES
R.H. GKOTHAVS, U.S. Navy, Medical Field Res. Lab., Jackson-
ville, North Carolina 28542
Technical Objective: Study the composition and biology of
the complex mosquito population in the camp Lejeune. N.C. area
and apply this information to the development of effective and
economical control techniques for the protection of troops from
the annoyance and potential disease related to the biting habits of
these species.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Defense Navy
2.0075, EFFECTS OF MOSQUITO CONTROL DITCHING
ON HIGH SALT MARSHES IN NORTH CAROLINA
K.L. KNIGHT, Univ. of North Carolina, School of Agriculture,
Raleigh, North Carolina 27607
'Juncus' or black needle rush marshes in the coastal zone of
North Carolina constitute major breeding areas for salt marsh
'Aedes' mosquitoes. These mosquitoes are sufficiently abundant
to seriously interfere with the development of coastal lands. Con-
trol of this mosquito production is being attempted by ditching.
This project is designed to evaluate the effects of 'Juncus' marsh
ditching upon the production of mosquitoes. In accomplishing
this task the total ecology will be considered, in that it will be
done cooperatively with ecologists who will be interested in the
comparative release of energy from ditched and unditched 'Jun-
cus' marshes into estuarine waters. The mosquito studies will also
involve an attempt to determine and quantify environmental fac-
tors that might serve to modify the effects of ditching upon
mosquito population numbers.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - O. Wtr. Res. Rch.
2.0076, EMERGENCY INSECT CONTROL
J.T. SCHULZ, North Dakota State University, Agricultural Ex-
periment Sta., Fargo, North Dakota 58103 (ND-S-05-001)
OBJECTIVE: Investigations on insects not covered by regu-
lar station or federal research projects. Investigations of a tempo-
rary or sporadic nature.
APPROACH: Initiate new investigations to provide basis for
writing more formal outlines. Investigate and issue recommenda-
tions for control of insect problems that occur sporadically or are
of local importance.
PROGRESS: Marked reduction in populations of most spe-
cies of sunflower insect complex recorded; especially true for
moth, Homeosoma electellum, less for Phalonia hospes. Excep-
tion was maggot (Tephritidae) complex; nearly 100% infestation
of heads and stalks was recorded. No varietal differences ob-
served. Principal species were Strauzia longipennis and
Neotephritis finalis. Biology and ecology of maggot complex
under study. Experimentation with artificial and synthetic diets
for rearing Strauzia, Homeosoma and Phalonia in progress. B.
thuringiensis-Granular formulation applied against European
corn borer gave promising results at 201b/A. Liquid formulation
applied to gooseberry against Forest tent caterpillar gave good
control at 2 qts./A. (R. D. Frye). Barley thrips showed no
preference in variety plots; infestations too light to assay damage.
Mosquitos-Count of dead insect predators following citywide
aerial spraying showed many dead lacewings, coccinellids, and
syrphids. Grain, straw and soil samples now being processed for
preplant soil treatments of chlordane spray 0 4,6,10 Ib a/A for
barley, oats, rye, wheat; seed treatments of liquid tech. and WP
Baygon 37289 on wheat and foliar methyl parathion on rye.
Wheat stem sawfly-Under controlled laboratory conditions when
fed on artificial diet photoperiod and temperature influence
diapause and development.(JAC)
SUPPORTED BY North Dakota State Government
2.0077, NEW OR IMPROVED TECHNIQUES FOR SAFE
CHEMICAL CONTROL OF ECTOPARASITES OF
DOMESTIC ANIMALS
R.L. GOULDING, Oregon State University, Agricultural Experi-
ment Sta., Corvallis, Oregon 97331 (ORE00515)
OBJECTIVE: Research new approaches to the use of pesti-
cides for control of arthropod pests or parasites. Current empha-
sis to be on pesticide-polymer resin formulations. Evaluate exist-
ing or experimental procedures or products for efficacy and host
toxicity.
APPROACH: Develop basic concepts of retention and
desorption kinetics of existing pesticide-polymer formulations.
Utilize these relationships as models to study other pesticides and
other polymer systems in terms of retention times and desorption
rates. Test promising new formulations or existing formulations
for pest-parasite efficacy and host toxicity in cats, dogs and other
domestic animals. Examine host-parasite metabolism of toxicants.
Conduct field trials with more promising products.
PROGRESS: Concluded study on efficacy of aerosol sprays
of Sendran and Sevin in control of fleas on dogs. Initiated and
concluded study of irritant effect of Vapona-PVC resin collars on
cats and dogs. Developed system for formulating pesticide in PVC
plastisol. Tests for efficacy of PVC-pesticide formulations using
mosquitoes, flies and fleas were developed and a program in-
itiated. The feasibility of formulating insect attractants in PVC
was studied and preliminary tests performed.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - C.S.R.S.
2.0078, THE BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF
ARTHROPODS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS
R.L. GOULDING, Oregon State University, Agricultural Experi-
ment Sta., Corvallis, Oregon 97331 (ORE00097)
OBJECTIVE: Conduct investigations on arthropods affect-
ing man and animals in order to develop information on: biologi-
cal principles and techniques needed to design effective pest and
disease vector control programs. Toxicological effects of newly
developed pesticides on important arthropod parasites and dis-
ease vectors as well as pesticide residue problems. Economic im-
portance of the effects on man and animals of these pests and dis-
ease vectors.
APPROACH: Test efficacy of new pesticides and other pest
control techniques on a limited scale in Experiment Station
animals and facilties followed by trials with the more effective
materials or techniques under conditions representative of
Oregon livestock management systems. Assess the lexicological
effects of pesticides upon both individuals and population of hosts
and parasites by means of appropriate studies in biochemistry,
pathology and entomology. Where possible these studies will be
related to possible economic effects as well as upon the more
basic effects upon host-parasite physiologies and populations ef-
fects.
PROGRESS: Observation facefly problems in Oregon in-
dicate irregularly distributed foci of annoyance with considerable
temporal variations due to weather changes. Field observations
on control techniques in use by ranchers continued. Cattle louse
control trials involving the pesticide Gardona were initiated A
1-80
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study on comparative pharmaco-dynamics of the pesticides
Proban, Tiguvon and Ruelene in rabbits and feeding mosquitoes
and ticks was concluded.
SUPPORTED BY Oregon State Government - Salem
2.0079, BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF MOSQUITOES,
SAND FLIES, AND GNATS OF WESTERN U.S.
UNKNOWN, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Entomology Research
Division, Corvallis, Oregon 97331 (OOENTH0105390100)
OBJECTIVE: Determine distribution, abundance, taxono-
my, and ecology of mosquitoes, sand flies, and gnats; study con-
trol by insecticides, chemosterilants, repellents, attractants,
pathogens, predators and parasites in Western U.S.
APPROACH: Collect, identify, determine abundance of
mosquitoes, sand flies, and gnats; evaluate chemical, physical,
and biological control measures; develop basic information on
ecology and taxonomy by laboratory and field methods. Conduct
sterility studies with radiation and chemosterilants. Treat field
test plots with candidate control agents-chemical or biological-
and evaluate by standard entomological population determina-
tion techniques.
PROGRESS: Seventeen species of Culicoides gnats have
been collected in the species composition and biology studies in
Benton County, Oregon. Insecticide field tests with commercially
formulated emulsions of Abate, Dursban, and fenthion with natu-
ral populations of snow-water Aedes gave 99% control in 3 plots
treated with 0.05 Ib/acre of fenthion and in 2 plots treated with
0.02S Ib/acre of Dursban. Abate provided 99% and 100% control
in 2 plots treated with 0.02S Ib/acre but failed in 2 other plots.
Chloroform extracts of log pond water were found to be highly at-
tractive to ovipositing Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus
mosquitoes. The microsporidia, Thelohania campbelli, was found
infecting up to 80% of the Culiseta incidens larvae in log ponds
near Corvallis, Oregon. Three of 72 compounds tested as repel-
lents against Aedes aegypti and Aedes dorsalis, ENT 28740, ENT
33516, and ENT33518, gave good repellency for 2 days at 1 g/ft.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture A.R.S. - E.N.T
2.0080, DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY OF PENNSYL-
VANIA SALAMANDERS
E.D. BELL1S, Penn. State University, Agricultural Experiment
Sta., University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 (PEN01405)
OBJECTIVE: Determine ranges of nineteen species of sala-
manders in Pennsylvania; analyse distribution in relation to
topography, vegetation, and other factors; investigate role of
ecological factors in distribution of genetically controlled color
differences.
APPROACH: Salamanders will be observed in natural
habitats and collections made. Local populations will be studied
by marking techniques. Laboratory studies will be carried out to
determine influence of temperature and humidity on activities.
Inheritance of color phase difference will be studied in relation to
ecological factors. Gene frequency analyses will be carried out.
PROGRESS: Distribution patterns of salamanders were
determined and several collections were made in central Pennsyl-
vania, especially in western Centre County. Color patterns of red-
spotted newts were analyzed and compared between 18 ponds;
isolated ponds showed greatest extremes in color variation. Red-
spotted newts were found to have small home ranges in ponds, to
remain within home areas for extended periods and to show
marked overland homing ability when placed on land 50 yards
from the home area. Newts were experimentally shown to condi-
tion themselves to low atmospheric moisture, avoiding death by
dehydration. Five methods of aging newts and efts (the land
stage) were examined; none proved satisfactory but the studies
revealed useful life history data. The food of newts in April, May
and June was found to be very diverse, indicating that availability
and not food preference determines the diet. Newts were shown
to be valuable predators on mosquito larvae. Newts and efts dif-
fered significantly in the type and quantity of helminth parasites
infecting them. The dusky salamander showed great homing abili-
ty when placed upstream, downstream, or at right angles to its
stream habitat. Competition between dusky salamanders and the
related Allegheny Mountain salamander is being analyzed to
2. AQUATIC PEST CONTROL
determine how they can occupy the same environment. Both spe-
cies were shown to be randomly distributed when using uniform
sized boards, placed along streams, for cover; they were neither
territorial nor gregarious.
SUPPORTED BY Pennsylvania State Government
2.0081, INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS
T.R. ADKINS, Clemson University, Agricultural Experiment Sta.,
Clemson, South Carolina 29631 (SC00830)
OBJECTIVE: Continue investigations with insecticides with
emphasis on self-treatment devices. Continue investigations
utilizing biological control agents against the face fly. Continue
cattle grub control studies with pour-on and oral administration
of systemic insecticides. Continue studies on house fly with insec-
ticides and chemosterilants. Initiate investigations on the distribu-
tion and biology of eye gnats, black flies, mosquitoes and
tabanids.
APPROACH: Basic investigations will be conducted to
determine how and why dust bags control face flies and horn flies.
Length of time required for cattle to accept the dust bags, how
often they are used, the dust pattern on the animals, etc. will be
investigated. Residue deposition in meat and milk will be studied.
The face fly colony will be maintained with emphasis on the nutri-
tional requirements of the fly. The colony of the staphylinid
parasite-predator will be continued. Beetles will be released, then
distribution, alternate food choices and survival will be studied.
Cattle will be treated with pour-on and free- choice oral systemic
insecticides. Efficacy correlated with time of treatment by the
various chemicals will be determined. Barns will be sprayed with
insecticides to determine the efficacy against house flies. Milk
samples will be analyzed to determine if the chemicals or their
metabolic products are deposited in the milk. Ecological studies
will be initiated to determine the seasonal abundance, geographi-
cal distribution and specific breeding areas of eye gnats, punkies,
black flies, mosquitoes, and tabanids.
PROGRESS: Tabanid investigations revealed more new
records. One undescribed species of deer fly was collected. The
advanced larval stage of 2 species of deer flies was reared to
adults. Investigations were conducted on the attractiveness of a
black ball under a plastic canopy to tabanids. This shape was su-
perior to other geometric shapes. Aerial applications of dibrom (2
oz/acre), malathion (3 oz/acre), diazinon (3 oz/acre) were inferi-
or to split application of malathion (3 oz - 13 oz/acre) for control
of deer flies. All materials controlled mosquitoes. Breeding site of
smoke fly, Microsania imperfecta, was not located. Nine species
of punkies (Culicoides) were collected. Four species of black flies
were collected.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - C.S.R.S.
2.0082, EFFECT OF CONTROLLING SALT-MARSH
MOSQUITOES
M.E. RIEWE, Gulf Coast Pasture Cattle Sta., Angleton, Texas
77877 (TEX01612)
OBJECTIVE: Determine the nature and extent of loss in
production of beef cattle from high infestations of salt-marsh
mosquitoes (Aedes sollicitans and Aedes taeniorhynchus). Ascer-
tain the feasibility of chemical control of mosquitoes for beef cat-
tle production. Determine the effectiveness of physical methods
of mosquito abatment (water management) in salt-marsh
pastures.
APPROACH: Four 75-acre pastures will be fenced in the
salt-marsh and each pasture stocked with beef cows. Chemical
mosquito control will be maintained on two pastures with the
other two pastures left as a control. The animals will be in-
dividually sprayed in one treated pasture and one control pasture.
Periodic weights on cows, calving percentage, and periodic and
weaning weight on calves will be recorded. Mosquito population
counts will be made by using traps and selected animals in each
group. A test site adjacent to an inland bay will be surveyed for
elevation and a main ditch cut from the lowest depression into the
bay with feeder laterals from the minor depressions to the main
ditch.
PROGRESS: Preliminary study of the effect of malathion ap-
plied as an aerial spray over the home range on population
1-81
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2. AQUATIC PEST CONTROL
dynamics of the cotton rat (Sigmodon hispidus) was made. Fol-
lowing aerial applications of malathion to the rat's home range,
malathion residues was detected by thin layer and electron cap-
ture chromatography in grass samples, rat stomach contents, and
rat body tissues. Malathion did not appear to affect weight gains,
radius of action, population density or reproduction of the rat. A
survey was conducted from September, 1967 to November, 1969
to identify the macro-fauna inhabiting a West Galveston Bay
marsh. Waters of the marsh were generally salty providing a
habitat for a variety of marine and estuarine species. Marine spe-
cies were found to enter shallow ponds outside the tide zone dur-
ing tidal floods but generally became trapped and died as the
result of fresh-water flooding, low winter temperatures or summer
droughts. The presence of some large brown and white shrimp in
these ponds suggested a potential for the commercial rearing of
shrimp in marsh ponds or man-made ponds at elevations near
mean high tide.
SUPPORTED BY Texas State Government - Austin
2.0083, ARBOV1RUS STUDIES-HOUSTON AND THE
TEXAS GULF COAST
R.H. KOKERNOT, Univ. of Texas, School of Public Health,
Houston, Texas 77025
The principal aim of this research program is to study the fac-
tors implicated in the natural history of St. Louis encephalitis
virus in the Texas Gulf Coast. Since many ecologic variables are
involved, our aim is to measure quantitatively as many of these as
possible. A surveillance of disease in the human population will
be maintained in selected study sites, in which we will also
establish a regular program of bird-netting, small mammal-
trapping and collection of other vertebrates common to the area
as well as of mosquitoes and other potential vectors. In conduct-
ing a well-integrated field-laboratory program it can be expected
that arboviruses other than St. Louis encephalitis will be isolated.
We aim to determine their identity and, when indicated, to at-
tempt to establish their role in the health of human beings and
domestic animals.
The ultimate objective of this research program is to deter-
mine factors in the natural history of these viruses that lend them-
selves to control and thereby permit public health workers to
disrupt links in the chains of transmission. For example, as a result
of observations made in this coastal region during the study of
four epidemics due to St. Louis encephalitis virus, it would be
sound public health practice to maintain a surveillance on the
'Culex p. quinquefasciatus* population to determine infection
rates in order to implement efficient control measures.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Hlth. Ed. & Wei.
H.S.M.H.A
2.0084, SUSCEPTIBILITY OR RESISTANCE OF MEDI-
CALLY IMPORTANT INSECTS TO INSECTICIDES ON
SELECTED AIR FORCE BASES
W.F. PIPPIN, U.S. Air Force, Epidemiological Lab., San Antonio,
Texas 78236
To monitor the action of standard Air Force insecticides on
german cockroaches and mosquitoes at selected Air Force bases.
An AFB in Florida, Maine, Texas, Colorado, California,
Washington, Alaska and Puerto Rico will be selected for testing
purposes. Bases in these areas will provide a wide range of en-
vironmental conditions. Selected insect populations on these
bases will be tested each year and trends, if any, noted in their re-
sistance or susceptibility to insecticides. It will be necessary to
rear the required insects in the USAFEL for testing.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Defense Air Force
2.0085, MOSQUITO AND HOUSEFLY CONTROL WITH
CHEMOSTERILANTS IN EGYPT
M. HAFEZ, Cairo University, Cairo, United Arab Republic
(480F4ENT6)
OBJECTIVE: By application of chemosterilants to house
flies and anopheline mosquitoes in Egypt and through field ex-
periments on isolated oasis determine feasibility of sterility princi-
ple of control for these insects.
APPROACH- Originate and maintain colonies of house Hies
and population dynamics.
by release and recapture technique. .
PROGRESS- Musca domestica vicma formed about 90% of
the total fly catch in Wadi EI-Natroun. The highest percentage of
M. sorbens ( 17%) occurred in January. Release and recapture ex-
periments of M. d. vicina in Wadi El-Natroun showed Hies
dispersed more rapidly towards the village, covering a distance of
3 km in 24 hrs-apparently attracted to places where human
dwellings and fly breeding grounds existed. An experiment in
which 10,000 laboratory fl'es and 10,000 wild flies were released
indicated'most of the laboratory flies stayed near the release point
while the wild flies dispersed more widely. The peak number of
M. d. vicina was 1,762,500 flies in October. Sterilization trials
with M. sorbens showed hempa to be superior to tepa. Sterilized
laboratory males mated readily with wild flies and were some-
times more competitive than wild flies. Sterilization of M. d.
vicina by dipping pupae provided flies with a high sterility level.
The highest density of Anopheles pharoensis found in sleeping
quarters was 3.3/room in July. Estimates of populations of Culex
pipiens were obtained by release and recapture. From a release of
8,500 marked mosquitoes, the population in the area was in-
dicated to be approximately 122,000 mosquitoes.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - A.R.S. - E.N.T
2.0086, SELECTIVE TOXICITY BY OPTICALLY ACTIVE
PHOSPHONOTfflONATE PESTICIDES
W.A. BRINDLEY, Utah State University, Graduate School,
Logan, Utah 84321
To test the biological activity of a new family by optically ac-
tive organophosphate pesticides. To resolve these compounds
into their optically active antipodes and to test them for selective
toxicity with mammals and invertebrates. Promising compounds
will be tested as control agents against mosquitoes and other mili-
tary important arthropods.
Experimental compounds will be synthesized and tested by
bioassay for toxiciy to invertebrates. Compounds will then be
resolved into their optically active antipodes which will be selec-
tively tested for toxicity with invertebrates and vertebrates.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Defense - Army
2.0087, INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND DOMESTIC
ANIMALS
R.J. DICKE, Univ. of Wisconsin, Agricultural Experiment Sta.,
Madison, Wisconsin (WIS0063 3)
OBJECTIVE: Chemical control of biting flies on dairy cattle
and flies in dairy barns. Seek information on the chronological oc-
currence, relative abundance and general host preference of all
bloodsucking flies attacking large and small mammals and birds in
Wisconsin. These are groups which serve as vectors and reser-
voirs of disease agents and include mosquitoes, blackflies, horse
flies, deer flies, and punkies.
APPROACH: Biological factors influencing the control of
mosquitoes in urban areas. Emphasis is placed on the specific
breeding sites and migratory habits of the principal pest species of
an area such as Aedes vexans.
PROGRESS: Summer project was a study to determine the
effect of light on the migratory and feeding responses of
mosquitoes to a human host. The initial response (intense biting)
is immediate and of short duration (about 20 minutes). At a site
near Bruce, Wis. declining or increasing light was measured in the
evening from 1 830 to 2 1 30 and morning from 0430 to 0730. The
testing period extended from May 22 to Sept. 14 1 968 during al-
ternate weeks with 46 samplings during the afternoon and 18
samplings during the morning. Light was measured every 15
minutes during each sampling at 5 points over the skv from east to
west, and intensity of light was measured in the followine bands-
™* ?? mU' H25-6f mU' 35°-9°° mu- and 750-l^mu At
each light reading 3 counts over 1 min. each were made of
mosquitoes biting the investigator, and collected mosguitoes were
identified to spec.es. Meteorological conditions Sence
1-82
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tion and feeding response only when temperatures are below 40 F
or wind velocity is above about 15 miles/hour. Preliminary
evaluation of data indicates that a positive response was triggered
in the evening by a decrease in intensity of ultra-violet light ener-
gy and a relatively high level of infra-red light energy. In the
morning, response is triggered by a relatively high level of infra-
red to ultra-violet emitted by the rising sun. This preliminary con-
clusion seems to account for the continued feeding of mosquitoes
during the day under a dense forest canopy, and their almost
complete absence in open areas exposed to direct sunlight.
SUPPORTED BY Wisconsin State Government - Madison
2.0088, BIOLOGICAL FACTORS IN THE MANAGEMENT
OF LAKE FLIES
W.L. H1LSENHOFF, Univ. of Wisconsin, Agricultural Experi-
ment Sta., Madison, Wisconsin (WIS01030)
OBJECTIVE: The ecology of the bottom fauna of Lake Win-
nebago and 14 other Wisconsin lakes, and the chemical and
physical properties of these lakes are being studied to determine
the factors that are responsible for nuisance population of midges.
The biology of the Lake Fly, Tendipes plumosus, in Lake Win-
nebago is being intensively studied in the field and in the laborato-
ry. The parasites and predators of T. plumosus are being in-
vestigated to determine their potential for biological control.
Lakes treated by the Wisconsin Conservation Department with
toxicants to remove undesirable fish populations are being stu-
died to determine the effects of the toxicants on the bottom fauna
and the effect offish predation of this fauna.
SUPPORTED BY Wisconsin State Government - Madison
2.0089, ACTION MECHANISMS OF INSECTICIDAL
DERIVATIVES
F. MATSUMURA, Univ. of Wisconsin, Agricultural Experiment
Sta., Madison, Wisconsin (WIS00822)
OBJECTIVE: Explore the possibilities of using insect
pathogens or any other naturally occurring compounds as insecti-
cides. Study the mechanisms of action of various chlorinated in-
secticides on the nervous systems of animals. Investigate the fates
of chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides in the environments with
particular emphasis on the microbial degradation of various pesti-
cides.
APPROACH: The non insecticidal materials proposed for in-
vestigation are hormones, insect pheromones, chemosterilants
and other naturally occurring insecticidal analogs. The major ap-
proach here is to conducts laboratory evaluation of new materi-
als. In some cases attempts will be made to identify the toxic or
active principles involved. Study the mode of action of insec-
ticidal analogs, efforts will be made first to investigate the direct
effects of biochemical means. Also efforts will be made to study
the degradation enzymes which metabolize insecticidal substrates
in various animals.
PROGRESS: A number of microorganism colonies were
found to be capable of degrading chlorinated hydrocarbon insec-
ticides. About 12 colonies were particularly active degrading diel-
drin, endrin and aldrin. A number of hitherto unknown
metabolites were chemically identified from the degradation
products of dieldrin and endrin by these microorganisms. The
mechanism of action of DDT was studied in the brain and the
liver of the rat. DDT was found to preferentially bind in the
synaptic junctions. DDT was also found to influence the function
of ion transport by the liver tissue resulting in drastic alteration of
the levels of other insecticides' storage. Also found that DDT in-
fluences the activity of ATPases in the nervous system. Efforts
made to study the enzymes which hydrolyze various insecticidal
organophosphates and carbamates. Each insecticide tested was
found to be simultaneously hydrolyzed by a number of esterases.
The nature of these esterases were studied. The metabolic fates of
dieldrin in the rat were studied. Rat degrades dieldrin into 3 dif-
ferent metabolic products through different enzymatic
mechanisms. Efforts made to study naturally occurring insecti-
cides. A number of fungal products were found to possess potent
insecticidal properties against mosquito larvae.
2. AQUATIC PEST CONTROL
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - C.S.R.S.
2.0090, EFFECT OF BITING FLIES ON WEIGHT GAINS
IN CATTLE
J.E. LLOYD, Univ. of Wyoming, Agricultural Experiment Sta.,
Laramie, WyomingS201l (WYO00001-68)
OBJECTIVE: Determine weight gain difference between cat-
tle protected from biting fly attack and cattle not protected and
investigate new methods of biting fly control.
APPROACH: Certain cows and calves in herds will be pro-
tected from biting fly attack. The weight gains of these animals
will be compared with those of unprotected cattle. Experimental
compounds and promising methods of fly control will be used to
protect the cattle.
PROGRESS: Two methods of fly control were investigated.
Insecticide dust bags containing 1% Co-Ral (coumaphos) dust
provided excellent control of horn flies on cattle. Difficulties with
the dust bags were: (1) frequently cattle must be forced to use the
bags, (2) no control of other biting flies or mosquitoes results, and
(3) the rancher often does not have time to install the dust bags.
Aerial application of malathion as ultra-low volume (ULV) gave
inconsistent horn fly and mosquito control. We theorize that low
air temperature at the time of application reduced the efficiency
of the ULV malathion. We hope to have more success protecting
cattle from biting flies and mosquitoes by using a repellent,
possibly extended by an adjuvant. One-half of the cattle in each of
two beef herds will be individually weighed and sprayed every two
weeks.
SUPPORTED BY Wyoming State Government Cheyenne
2B. AQUATIC WEEDS
( Submersed, Floating, Amphibious, or Riparian Plants and Aquatic Algae)
2.0091, CONTROL OF AQUATIC WEEDS BY USE OF N2-
C02-HE LASER SYSTEMS
R. COUCH, Athens College, Undergraduate School, Athens,
Alabama 35611
The objectives are to develop the most economic and effi-
cient source control methods for progressive control and eradica-
tion of specific aquatic plants. Preliminary studies with the High-
Power N2- CO2-He Laser at Redstone Arsenal strongly indicate
the potential value of laser systems for plant eradication. Approx-
imately 200 individual laser tests will be necessary. The plant spe-
cies of top priority and upon which the majority of gross cytologi-
cal and morphological studies will be done to support the Laser
Project I System. Development is water hyacinth, Eichornia cras-
sipes. Other species listed from highest to lowest priority which
will be laser irradiated and then require cytological and
morphological examination are alligatorweed, Alternanthera
philoxeroides; water chestnut, Trapa natens; eelgrass, Zostera
marine; Cladophora; Pithophora; Chlorella; and water lettuce,
Pistia stratioites.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Defense - Army
2.0092, AQUATIC PLANT CONTROL BY HERBIVOROUS
AMUR FISH
J.M. LAWRENCE, Auburn University, Agricultural Experiment
Sta., Auburn, Alabama 36830
This research is designed to determine the efficiency of the
herbivorous Amur fish 'Ctenopharyngodon idella' as a biological
control agent for aquatic weed populations in natural habitats,
and to study the effects of released space and plant nutrients
resulting from the destruction of weeds upon the aquatic
ecosystem. The research will be conducted in lime sink ponds
with natural weed populations. These ponds have no natural
water outlet so that movement of fish into natural waters is
eliminated. In addition, these ponds are all located on U. S. Army
Corps of Engineers property or adjacent private property where
access to the body of water is under complete control.
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2. AQUATIC PEST CONTROL
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Defense - Army
2.0093, CHEMICAL CONTROL OF WEEDS IN PONDS
J.M. LAWRENCE, Auburn University, Agricultural Experiment
Sta., Auburn, Alabama 36830 (ALA00427)
OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the activity of commercial and ex-
perimental herbicides and algacides on common pond weeds of
this area. Determine the lexicological effects of the more promis-
ing aquatic herbicides and algacides to fish and fish-food organ-
isms under controlled laboratory and field conditions. Investigate
effects of more active aquatic herbicides and algacides on
production of plankton, fish-food organisms, and fish in treated
pools and ponds.
APPROACH: Twenty-five to 50 potential aquatic herbicides
will be available for controlled laboratory evaluations each year.
The more active of these herbicides will be evaluated in the
laboratory for toxicity to fish. Controlled field evaluations of the
most promising herbicides on 14 species of aquatic weeds and 2
species of fish will be set up each year.
PROGRESS: Treatments of diquat plus paraquat (.25 Ib ca-
tion per acre of each) applied to Eurasian water milfoil
(Myriophyllum spicatum) in spring provided control throughout
summer, but no carry over of control was noted the following
spring. Treatments of 2,4-DBEE granules (20 Ibs per acre) ap-
plied to milfoil at same time eliminated infestation for 2 full sum-
mers, but treatments of 2,4-DBEE liquid (20 Ibs per acre) pro-
vided control of milfoil for less than 6 weeks. Biological control of
above-water growths of alligatorweed (Alternanthera philox-
oides) with fleabeetle (Agasicles n.s.) resulted in suppression of
regrowth for 8 to 10 weeks, and very limited regrowth for
remainder of growing season. Chemical control with
chlorophenoxy compounds resulted in complete kill of alligator-
weed top-growth, but regrowth occurred within 4 weeks and
three treatments were required per season to maintain satisfacto-
ry control.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - C.S.R.S.
2.0094, DYNAMICS OF ALGAE POPULATIONS IN FARM
FISH PONDS
J.M. LAWRENCE, Auburn University, Agricultural Experiment
Sta., Auburn, Alabama 36830 (ALA00287)
OBJECTIVE: Determine the seasonal abundance of various
algae in ponds with different levels of fertility. Determine the
seasonal macro and micro nutrient composition of filterable
suspended matter, the filtered water, and the hydrosol from ponds
with different levels of fertility. Determine changes in nutrient
and algal species composition associated with different algal con-
trol practices. Investigate techniques for management of algal
species in ponds with different levels of fertility.
APPROACH: Samples of water, suspended matter and
hydrosol will be collected from unfertilized, fertilized and fed fish
ponds at various times throughout the year. Algae will be
identified and its inorganic chemical composition determined. In-
organic composition of waters and hydrosols will also be deter-
mined. Changes in algal associations and chemical composition
resulting from chemical and biological control practices will be
investigated. Data accumulated in above investigations will be
evaluated by appropriate statistical methods. Based upon data ac-
cumulated above, techniques for selected desirable phytoplank-
ton and subsequent seeding into ponds will be investigated.
PROGRESS: Techniques to estimate the standing crop of
major plant nutrients (N,P,K) in a farm pond were employed on a
number of experimental ponds. The standing crop of nutrients
within a 22-acre pond, which had received 51,500 Ibs. of organic
fish feed in the prior 7-month growing season are given below. Of
the total 150 Ibs/a N added in feed, 8.5 Ibs/a was in solution, 15.6
Ibs/a was in suspended matter (phytoplankton), and 46.9 Ibs/a
was in catfish. The other 79 Ibs/a N was lost to air and soil. Of the
total 18 Ibs/a P added in feed, 1.2 Ibs/a was in solution, 4.3 Ibs/a
was in suspended matter, and 17.3 Ibs/a was in catfish. The 4.8
Ibs/a P deficit was apparently supplied by the soil. A total of 26
Ibs/a K was added in feed, but 48 Ibs/a was in solution, 4.5 Ibs/a
was in suspended matter, and 2.6 Ibs/a was in catfish. The 29.1
Ibs/a K deficit was apparently supplied by soils in pond «nd
watershed. The suspended matter (phvtoplankton) was 95%
Microcystis sp., with Rhaphidiopsis sp., Oscillatona sp., and
Spirulina sp. making up the other 5%.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - C.S.R.S.
2.0095, SEARCH FOR AND IMPORTATION OF INSECT
ENEMIES OF AQUATIC WEEDS
B.D. PERKINS, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Buenos Aires, Argen-
tina (OOENTJ0203610100)
OBJECTIVE: Investigate the natural insect enemies of
aquatic weeds in foreign countries; evaluate their host specificity;
and collect and ship to the United States those species which will
feed on or otherwise injure weeds.
APPROACH: Promising areas will be visited in countries
where the weed is believed to have origniated, and when found,
the weed is surveyed for its insect fauna. Studies will be con-
ducted to gain as much ecological information as possible about
the weed in these areas. Screening tests will be conducted to
determine the degree of host specificity of the insects having the
most potential for weed control. Species that pass the screening
tests will be shipped to appropriate quarantine receiving stations
in the United States as conditons permits.
PROGRESS: Host specificity tests with insects attacking
Eichhornia crassipes were continued. Taxonomic studies of
Neochetina bruchii weevils from several areas of Argentina in-
dicated a species complex. All tests indicated N. bruchii and
Neochtina n. sp. were specific to plants in the Pontederiaceae
(Eichhornia, Pontederia). Chilo ignitalis was demonstrated to be
host specific to Eichhornia and Pontederia. Tests with Cornops
aquaticum, the hyacinth grasshopper, were inconclusive. Permis-
sion to introduce Chilo and Neochetina to the United States will
be requested shortly. Surveys for insects attacking Elodea densa
in Argentina were negative.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture A.R.S. - E.N.T
2.0096, EFFECT OF ULTRASONIC ENERGY ON
AQUATIC PLANTS
P.G. BARTELS, Univ. of Arizona, Agricultural Experiment Sta.,
Tucson, Arizona 85721 (ARZT-2014-4159-003)
OBJECTIVE: Determine effect of ultrasound on morpholo-
gy, physiology, and membrane permeability of various species of
aquatic plants; determine relative differences in above effects as a
function of frequency, intensity, and time of exposure to ul-
trasonic waves.
APPROACH: Several species of aquatic plants will be sub-
jected to ultrasonic waves and examined microscopically for
morphological changes in cells and their inclusions. Respiration
and photosynthetic rates will be measured using standard War-
burg manometric techniques and infrared gas analyzer
techniques. Permeability changes in membranes will be studied
using standard radioisotope absorption techniques. A variable
frequency ultrasonic generator and various piezoelectric transdu-
cers will be used to vary frequency and intensity of ultrasonic
waves. Exposure times also will be varied.
PROGRESS: We have been investigating the effects of ul-
trasound on the ultrastructure of plant cells. In the past, we have
used the plant Chara as the experimental plant to sonicate since
they are very susceptible to this treatment. Currently, we are
doing similar experiments with Potamogeton and Elodea, which
are two common aquatic weeds causing many problems in the
U.S. waterways. The chloroplasts were found to be the first or-
ganelle of the plant cell which appears injured. The fret or large
thylakoid membranes become disrupted and with continued ul-
trasonic treatment, the grana membranes are destroyed. Another
symptom of the ultrasound treatment is the swelling of the fret
and grana membranes. In addition, Mr. Sidlowski is building some
new ultrasonic lenses in order to focus high intensities of radiation
on to an area where the plants will be positioned. In constructing
these lenses, several characteristics must be considered. First, the
acoustic impedence of the lens material and the medium should
be matched as closely as possible. The most convenient material
that we used was plexiglass or polystyrene. ""yc'"cnl material
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SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - C.S.R.S.
2.0097, WEED CONTROL IN RICE PRODUCTION
RJ. SMITH, Univ. of Arkansas, Agricultural Experiment Sta.,
Fayetuville, Arkansas 72701 (ARK00419)
OBJECTIVE: Develop more effective chemical, cultural,
mechanical, biological, and combination methods of controlling
weeds in rice, and in crops grown in rotation with rice.
APPROACH: Evaluate and compare new herbicides and
mixtures with standard ones. Determine the effects of weeds and
herbicides on yield and quality of rice. Study the interactions of
various control methods with the physiology, ecology, morpholo-
gy, and anatomy of rice, and of annual and perennial weeds.
Characterize the effects of selected herbicides on succeeding
crops, fish, and other aquatic animal life. Determine the fate of
herbicides, applied to rice, in the rice crop, soil, and water, and in
other crops grown in rotation with rice.
PROGRESS: Postemergence treatments that combined
propanil or molinate with one of several other herbicides con-
trolled grass, broadleaf, and aquatic weeds better than standard
treatments of either propanil or molinate applied alone. These
treatments usually did not injure rice any more than propanil or
molinate. Oryzalin at 3/4 to 1- 1/2 Ib/A, CP-53619 at 1-1/2 to 4
Ib/A, and RP-17623 at 3/4 to 1-1/2 Ib/A each mixed with propanil
at 3 Ib/A and applied when the largest grass had 2 leaves, con-
trolled emerged weeds and killed weeds that germinated during a
3 to 4 week period after treatment. Because these mixtures con-
trolled weeds residually, they can be applied earlier than propanil,
and irrigation after herbicide treatment can be delayed more than
when propanil is used alone. Sequential treatments that included
applications of either propanil at 3 Ib/A, nitrofen at 1 Ib/A, 2,4,5-
T at 1/2 Ib/A, or KN(3) at 2 to 4 Ib/A after a treatment of
propanil at 4 Ib/A controlled weeds better than propanil at 4 Ib/A
alone. Mixtures of molinate and nitrofen at 2 1 Ib/A and sequen-
tial treatments of molinate and KN(3) at 3 3 Ib/A controlled
weeds better than molinate alone.
SUPPORTED BY Arkansas State Government - Little Rock
2.0098, WEED CONTROL IN RICE PRODUCTION
R.J. SMITH, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Crops Research Division,
Stuttgart, Arkansas 72160 (0710-01 -05)
OBJECTIVE: To develop more efficient chemical, cultural,
mechanical, biological and combination methods of controlling
weeds in rice, and in crops grown in rotation with rice.
APPROACH: Evaluate and compare new herbicides and
mixtures with standard ones; determine the effects of weeds and
herbicides on yield and quality of rice; study the interactions of
various control methods with the physiology, ecology, morpholo-
gy, and anatomy of rice, and of annual and perennial weeds.
Characterize the effects of selected herbicides on succeeding
crops, and on fish.
PROGRESS: Several herbicides applied postemergence in
mixtures and sequential combinations to drill-seeded rice con-
trolled grass, broadleaf, and aquatic weeds better and increased
yields more, than standard single treatments or sequential com-
binations of propanil, molinate, propanil 2,4,5-T, or molinate
2,4,5-T. An effective treatments that has shown promise for 1 to 3
years is a mixture of propanil with oryzalin, 2-chloro-2',6'-diethyl-
N- (butoxymethyl) acetanilide.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - A.R.S. C.R.
2.0099, BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF WEEDS
L.A. ANDRES, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Entomology Research
Division, Albany, California 94716 (OOENTJ0201050200)
OBJECTIVE: Determine the basic relationships between
weeds and weed-feeding insects and carry out effectively all
phases of a program designed to use insects as biological agents to
control weeds.
APPROACH: After determination that a program designed
to control a weed is necessary, a thorough study of the weed will
be undertaken. This will include determination of its native
2. AQUATIC PEST CONTROL
habitat, distribution, and insect fauna. If the weed is of foreign
origin, preliminary studies on host specificity may be undertaken
at the Rome or Argentina laboratories and with the help of
several PL 480 cooperators. Species will be shipped to Albany,
where final tests will be made on specificity to the weed. After
releases are made at suitable locations and populations have built
up, the insects will be released to other locations. Evaluation of
the insect as a control agent will be conducted.
PROGRESS: Releases of the Swiss biotype of Longitarsus
jacobaeae adults to control tansy ragwort, Senecio jacobaea, were
made in September, and November at Smith River, Del Norte
County, California. The Italian biotype was released in August
and October on 10-Mile River, Mendocino County, California.
Two plants with larval damage were observed at Fort Bragg,
California in May 1970, but larvae were not found. Tyria
jacobaea populations increased significantly in Oregon and
Washington in 1969. At Fort Bragg, Mendocino County, Califor-
nia, populations were high in localized areas and low in others. An
evaluation of factors suppressing Tyria is underway. Releases of
Altica carduorum to control Cirsium arvense at Fort Bragg failed
to become established. Studies on the influence of native and
naturalized insect species on the seed production of Salsola
pestifer are underway. Agasicles n. sp. continues to spread and
damage alligatorweed in the southeastern United States. The ratio
of soluble carbohydrates to soluble nitrogen in phosphate-de-
ficent alligatorweed was correlated with Agasicles feeding
response. Feeding-behavioral tests with the alligatorweed moth,
Vogtia malloi, were continued. Three-hundred fifty Phrydiuchus
n. sp. weevils were released against Mediterranean sage, Salvia
aethiopis, in Lake County, Oregon.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - A.R.S. E.N.T
2.0100, AQUATIC WEED CONTROL RESEARCH
R.G. HOWARD, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Research Service,
Davis, California 95616
Cooperative study of Aquatic Weed Problems in irrigation
and drainage systems to include the following: (1) Conduct life
history studies of submersed and emersed aquatic weed infesting
large channels, lakes and reservoirs. (2) Field testing promising
chemicals and mechanical devices for the control of submersed
and emersed aquatic weeds in large irrigation channels, lakes and
reservoirs. (3) Study the environmental requirements of Aquatic
weeds in irrigation canals and ponds with emphasis on intensity
and quality of light, water quality, and mineral nutrient supply. In-
vestigate potential ecological competition with weed pests. (4)
Conduct adsorption isotherm studies on aquatic soils with chemi-
cals recommended for control of aquatic weeds. (5) Determine
effects upon different aquatic weeds of various rates, formation
and timing of application of selected herbicides in test canals. (6)
Study effects of varying ecologic conditions and various chemical
treatments upon aquatic biota such as clams, sponges, Bryozoa,
etc.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior Bu. Reclamation
2.0101, CONTROL OF WEEDS AND CERTAIN OTHER
AQUATIC PESTS IN THE PACIFIC SOUTHWEST
R.R. YEO, Univ. of California, Agricultural Experiment Sta.,
Davis, California 95616 (0710-02-01)
OBJECTIVE: Develop new or improved chemical, biologi-
cal, and other methods for controlling weeds, Asiatic clams, and
certain other aquatic pests in canals, lakes, reservoirs, and other
aquatic situations. Determine the fate of herbicides, mollusci-
cides, and other chemicals used in aquatic situations.
APPROACH: Search for and/or evaluate new and promising
aquatic herbicides in greenhouse aquaria and flowing canals, out-
door pools, and closed system canals and in field canals and reser-
voirs. Conduct life history and ecological studies. Make samplings
and analyses to determine the persistence of herbicides and mol-
luscicides in water in natural canals and reservoirs and in small
pools under controlled conditions. Evaluate fish, competitive
plants, and other agents for biocontrol of aquatic weeds and other
aquatic pests.
PROGRESS: Three acetals of acrolein were found to control
submersed aquatic weeds in 2 canals for 6 mi at 7.5 to 10 ppm
1-85
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2. AQUATIC PEST CONTROL
with 4 and 8 hr exposure. The hydrolysis of allylidiene diacetate
to acrolein in 2 canals in which aquatic weeds were controlled
peaked 2 mi downstream after 8 hrs with water at 19 C and 1 mi
downstream after 2 hrs with water at 14.5 C. Acrolein applied at 4
ppm for 4 hrs plus a booster of 2 ppm for 3 hrs dissipated to . 1
ppm after 32 mi. Diquat plus copper sulfate at. 15 ppm controlled
several aquatic weeds in reservoirs. Simazine, chloroxuron,
copper metal, copper nitrate, igran, and diuron at 1, .5, 40, 4, .5,
and .5 ppm, respectively, controlled Chara and Cladophora in
growth pools without harming fish. Copper ion residue studies
showed it to dissipate (in decreasing order) to non-detectable
amounts fastest with copper nitrate copper sulfate - cuprose
citrate - and copper metal. Copper sulfate circulated continuously
with fresh weekly increments of 0.0, .1,1. and 10 ppm of copper
ion in aluminum irrigation pipe for 25 weeks did not seriously cor-
rode the pipe. Slender spikerush was found highly effective in
controlling aquatic weeds by competition in two irrigation canals.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture A.R.S. - C.R.
2.0102, BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF WEEDS
R.D. GOLDEN, Univ. of California, Agricultural Experiment
Sta., Riverside, California 92502 (CA-RO-SSE-2002-H)
OBJECTIVE: Effect the biological control of native and
alien weeds of importance to California. Utilize native and alien
weeds and their insect natural enemies as test vehicles.
APPROACH: Exploration for natural enemies, determina-
tion of host specificities, introduction under quarantine, and the
colonization and distribution of these natural enemies in Califor-
nia. Suitable insect and weed species will be selected for field and
laboratory investigations of host plant acceptance spectra, plant
oriented taxi, and trophic behavior, as well as the dynamics, inter-
dependency, and degree of mutual impact of field populations of
phytophagous insects and their plant hosts.
PROGRESS: Alligatorweed (Alternanthera philoxeroides):
The incipient colony of Agasicles n. sp. was destroyed by flash
flooding of the Rio Hondo River in the Whittier Narrows flood
control basin in Los Angeles County during the period of excep-
tionally high rainfall experienced by southern California in early
1969. Recolonization efforts will begin anew during mid-1970.
Host-Plant Selection Studies: A photoanalytic technique for
quantitatively assessing the feeding preferences of the leaf-feed-
ing chrysomelid, Lema trilineata, a native natural enemy of the
highly toxic jimsonweed, Datura spp., was developed. This
method facilitates statistical analyses of the results of feeding tests
and thus, where applicable, provides an objective means of in-
terpreting the host affinities of candidate biological weed control
agents. Ragweeds (Ambrosia spp.): Extensive and intensive sur-
veys of the insect natural enemies of native and exotic species of
ragweeds in southern California were initiated this year. A variety
of insects that collectively attack all vital plant parts and that
directly, and apparently indirectly, affect the production of rag-
weed pollen were collected and specimens have been submitted
to appropriate systematists for identification. The feasibility of in-
terstate and foreign exportation and intrastate manipulation and
augmentation of monophagous species that hold promise as
agents for the biological control of the more noxious species of
ragweeds is being assessed.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture C.S.R.S.
2.0103, EVALUATION OF MANAGEMENT PRACTICES
ON THE STATE-OWNED WILDLIFE AREAS
H. GEORGE, State Dept. of Fish & Game, Sacramento, California
95819
Objectives: To evaluate the various management practices
carried on at State-owned wildlife areas.
Procedures: Management practices, including the propaga-
tion of food plants, water control development, grazing practices
and control of undesirable plants will be checked and evaluated.
Comparisons will be made between various management
techniques to determine the most efficient and economical
methods for obtaining maximum waterfowl use. Most of this in-
vestigation will be done in conjunction with the other marsh
management studies that are made on these areas.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
2.0104, WEED CONTROL IN IRRIGATION AND
^rmltlte8™of Water Resources, Sacramento, Califor-
ma 95 802
Cooperative study of the aquatic weed problems in irrigation
and drainage systems to include the following: (1) Conduct life
history studies of submersed and emersed aquatic weed infesting
large channels, lakes and reservoirs. (2) Field testing promising
chemicals and mechanical devices for the control of submersed
and emersed aquatic weeds in large irrigation channels, lakes and
reservoirs. (3) Study the environmental requirements of aquatic
weeds in irrigation channels and ponds with emphasis on intensity
and quality of light, water quality, and mineral nutrient supply. In-
vestigate potential ecological competition with weed pests. (4)
Conduct adsorption isotherm studies on aquatic soils with chemi-
cals recommended for control of aquatic weeds. (5) Determine
effects upon different aquatic weeds of various rates, formation
and timing of application of selected herbicides in test canals. (6)
Study effects of varying ecologic conditions and various chemical
treatments upon aquatic biota such as clams, sponges, bryozoa,
etc.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Reclamation
2.0105, PHYSIOLOGY, BIOCHEMISTRY AND CONTROL
OF AQUATIC WEEDS, CHEMISTRY OF HERBICIDES
P.A. FRANK, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Crops Research Divi-
sion, Denver, Colorado (0710-02-02)
OBJECTIVE: Improve existing methods available for the
control of submersed aquatic weeds, and develop information
which may ultimately lead to the use of new and more effective
weed control principles and practices. Improve and develop
chemical procedures for analysis of herbicides, determine the
residues resulting from their use in and near water, and provide
data which will facilitate registration and use of the the materials
as aquatic-weed herbicides.
APPROACH: Conduct an evaluation program to determine
the herbicidal activity and potential usefulness of new herbicides
and experimental materials. Arrange preliminary field trials of
promising materials. Study absorption and translocation of herbi-
cides and developmental physiology of representative weed spe-
cies. Treat canals, ponds, and ditchbanks; collect soil and water
samples for residue and degradation studies.
PROGRESS: Dissipation of 2,4-D dimethylamine at 133 and
254 ppb in irrigation water, was linear for distances of 6 and 7 mi
of water flow. Residues were reduced more rapidly than for other
water soluble herbicides tested. Dye used as a model of herbicide
dissipation indicated dye cloud elongation rates of 12 to 18
minutes per mile. Reductions in maximum dye concentration
between the 0.25 mile and 8 mile stations were 74, 47, and 32%
for the 2500, 4400, and 6600 ft treatments, respectively. Studies
on dissipation of xylene in irrigation water showed that treatment
rates of 550 to 600 ppm were reduced as rapidly as 92% after 4 mi
of water flow in 1 canal, to as little at 77% after 10 mi of flow in
another canal. Bluegill and trout were killed by the xylene 9 and
10 mi downstream from the treatment sites. Spring time soil sam-
ples from ditchbanks treated in the fall with 70 Ib per A TCA had
residues of 1 to 44 ppm in the surface inch, and 1.3 to 10 ppm in
the 2 to 4 inch soil layer. Very low and transitory levels of TCA
occurred in water the next spring. Established that loss of the
PGBE ester from water is due largely to loss of emulsion with the
ester settling to the soil surface. After 4 and 12 hr loss of silvex
from water was 83 and 91%, respectively. Containers of glass,
polyvinyl chloride (PVC), high and low density polyethylene
(HDP, LDP) were adequate for storing TCA and diquat. BEE of
LDP °niy giass -d
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SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture A.R.S. - C.R.
2.0106, INVESTIGATIONS OF ALGAE INHIBITING
MATERIALS
T.R. HARTLEY, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Reclama-
tion, Denver, Colorado 80225
Attached aquatic organisms seriously reduce the carrying
capacity of irrigation and water distribution structures. Laborato-
ry and field studies show that by coating these structures with ap-
propriate materials containing toxicants the organisms will not
develop on the coated area. Coatings under study include an-
tifouling paints, direct metal coatings to concentrate incorpora-
tion of toxicants in the concrete surface, and various other
materials applied to the surface of the submerged concrete. The
most promising results to date indicate that certain antifouling
paints, a vinyl-resin system of cuprous oxide or tributyl tin oxide,
applied to submerged concrete will provide long-term inhibition
of algae attachment. The present program has progressed suffi-
ciently to provide recommendations for routine field use of
specified materials on submerged concrete structures. These an-
tifoulifg coatings are presently limited to small areas, such as
concrete weirs and flumes, because of cost.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior Bu. Reclamation
2.0107, AROMATIC SOLVENT AQUATIC HERBICIDES
AND EMULSIFYING AGENT TESTING
T.R. HARTLEY, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Reclama-
tion, Denver, Colorado 80225
Certain aromatic hydrocarbon solvents are used extensively
by the Bureau of Reclamation and cooperating irrigation districts
for controlling submersed aquatic weeds. These materials are sel-
dom available in quantity as formulated aquatic herbicides, but
are often products of petroleum or coal-tar distillations that differ
in makeup. Large-scale acquisition of these byproducts requires
laboratory testing and evaluation for determining suitability as
aquatic herbicides. Studies have shown that aromatic solvents
must have specific physical and chemical properties, as well as
proper dispersion in irrigation water by emulsifiers. Physical,
chemical, and biological laboratory tests are conducted on sam-
ples of aromatic solvent materials and emulsifying compounds to
determine whether they meet specifications and are effective as
aquatic weed herbicides. These samples are submitted to the
laboratory from Bureau field offices, manufacturers, and sup-
pliers.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Reclamation
2.0108, EFFECT OF COPPER SULFATE ON AQUATIC
WEEDS
T.R. BARTLEY, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Reclama-
tion, Denver, Colorado 80225
Laboratory studies and experiments by other investigators
have shown that copper has a pronounced effect on aquatic
vegetation. Copper has been used for many years as an effective
algaecide. This study was undertaken to determine the effects of a
continuous or semicontinuous feed of low concentrations of
copper on the growth of aquatic weeds and algae common to
Western irrigation canals.
Small copper sulfate crystals are fed into the flowing water at
a calculated rate based on water volume by means of automatic
feeding devices. The copper sulfate is fed into the water daily
throughout most of the irrigation season. The aquatic weed
growth will be observed frequently through the season to deter-
mine the effect of the treatment. Concentration of copper in the
irrigation water will be monitored. Total alkalinity of water on
copper concentrations is being investigated. Water temperature
and other factors are investigated in this aquatic weed control stu-
dy.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior Bu. Reclamation
2.0109, HERBICIDE RESIDUES
T.R. BARTLEY, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Reclama-
tion, Denver, Colorado 80225
2. AQUATIC PEST CONTROL
The project, conducted in cooperation with the ARS, U.S.
Department of Agriculture, and BSF&W, Department of the In-
terior, involves the determination of herbicide residues in water,
soils, and plants following the application of herbicides for con-
trol of aquatic and ditchbank weeds on irrigation systems. Data
on herbicide residues and their dissipation rates are needed to
support petitions for registration, establish safe tolerances for ir-
rigation water, improve the Efficacy of herbicide use, and to
establish safety in herbicide applications. Pesticide legislation
requirements stipulate that these data must be furnished in sup-
port of a petition.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior Bu. Reclamation
2.0110, GROWTH SUPPRESSION AND REDUCTION IN
REGROWTH POTENTIAL OF AQUATIC WEEDS
N.E. OTTO, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation,
Denver, Colorado 80225
Successful continued control or irradication of rooted sub-
mersed aquatic weeds requires information on methods to reduce
or eliminate the regrowth potential of the aquatic plant to a point
where they produce insignificant problems. Studies have been
conducted to gain a better understanding of organism ability to
reporduce inself in subsequent growing seasons. These studies in-
clude: evaluation of new herbicidal compounds and techniques,
influence of treatment on stage of growth, number and type of
herbicide applications necessary to reduce the amount of vegeta-
tive growth and propagule development, amount of propagative
material produced by a clone of plants and food reserves in the
propagule.
Laboratory investigations show that pondweeds treated with
repeated herbicide applications in one growing season signifi-
cantly reduced vegetative propagule production. Continuing
laboratory and field studies suggest that low rate, long contract
period applications of a number of aquatic herbicides show
promise in significantly suppressing the growth of rooted aquatic
weeds, thus reducing potential residue hazards as well as con-
trolling weed growth. Studies are conducted on a continuing basis
as new aquatic herbicides and weed control techniques are sug-
gested.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Reclamation
2.0111, LABORATORY STUDY OF AQUATIC ENVIRON-
MENTAL FACTORS AND PLANT GROWTH STAGES ON
AQUATIC WEED GROWTH AND HERBICIDAL RESPONSE
N.E. OTTO, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation,
Denver, Colorado 80225
The effectiveness of aquatic herbicides often varies in the
same canal system. The factors responsible for these variations in
herbicidal response are seldom determined, but might be ascribed
to variations in environment or plant material. Laboratory studies
are being conducted to evaluate environmental factors, such as
light, temperature, and plant growth stage on the development of
aquatic weeds and response to herbicidal treatment. Laboratory
studies are conducted in two controlled environmental growth
chambers. Results show that controlled environmental variations
of light and temperature exert considerable influence on the
growth and development of two pondweed species studied. These
studies also show that the morphological growth stage (relative
age) attained by aquatic plants was a major determinant in the
degree of injury obtained from treatment with two types of
aquatic herbicides. Studies are conducted on a continuing basis as
new aquatic herbicides and weed control techniques become
available.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior Bu. Reclamation
2.0112, AQUATIC PEST CONTROL
N.E. OTTO, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation,
Denver, Colorado 80225
Laboratory and field studies will be conducted to discover,
develop, and improve methods of controlling rooted aquatic
weeds and algae that infest water conveyance systems. Chemical,
biological, mechanical or environmental manipulation methods
1-87
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2. AQUATIC PEST CONTROL
for control will be considered and investigated. Techniques
directed toward target organisms without introduction of materi-
als or residues harmful to other organisms or the environment are
to be emphasized. Aquatic plant pests infest over one-half of the
conveyance channels in the 17 western states and cost of con-
trolling these organisms amounts to as much as 40 percent of the
total operation and maintenance expenditures. The Bureau and
the Agricultural Research Service, USDA, are working coopera-
tively in this research program. Studies specifically include such
items as: investigations of the ecological relationships of plants
and animals in the canal environment; nutrient requirements of
algae and higher aquatic plants; effects of copper sulfate on
rooted weeds and algae when fed at low rates, including effects of
water quality on the treatment; effects of growth stages and en-
vironmental factors on the growth suppression and regrowth
potential of aquatic weeds; routine evaluation of experimental
herbicide chemicals and promising new tecniques; evaluation of
algae inhibiting materials such as antifouling coatings; and study
of the relationship of micro-organisms in aquatic soils and how
they influence growth of higher aquatic plants to determine if
micro-organism control can limit higher plant growth.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Reclamation
2.0113, CONTROL OF AQUATIC WEEDS
J.F. AHRENS, Univ. of Connecticut, Agricultural Experiment
Sta., Starrs, Connecticut 06268 (CONH00607)
Progress: In the late fall of 1967 dichlobenil was applied to an
irrigation pond to control aquatic weeds in 1968. Water samples
were taken at 1, 2, 3 and 4 months after treatments, frozen and
later assayed to determine residual phytotoxicity. Oat seeds were
watered with 1 /2 or 1 inch of the water samples and root growth
was measured. Water samples taken at 1 or 2 months severely in-
jured oats but later samples caused no injury. The pond was es-
sentially weed free during 1968 and the water was used to irrigate
container nursery stock. To determine the residual effects of 2,4-
D in water, 2,4-D butoxyethanol ester in granular form was ap-
plied in 2 farm ponds at 1 and S ppm. Water samples were taken
at weekly intervals up to 36 days after treatment and will be
analyzed for 2,4-D by Amchen Products, Inc.
SUPPORTED BY Connecticut State Government - Hartford
2.0114, CHEMICAL CONTROL OF DITCHBANK WEEDS
IN PEAT AND SANDY SOIL AREAS OF SOUTH FLORIDA
J.R. ORSENIGO, Everglades Agric. Expt. Sta., Belle Glade,
Florida 33430 (FLA-EV-01029)
OBJECTIVE: Evaluate soil sterilants and post-emergence
herbicides for effectiveness in control of ditchbank weeds on peat
and sandy soils.
APPROACH: Commercial and promising experimental soil
sterilant and post-emergence herbicides are evaluated in typical
weed infestations on sandy and peat soil ditchbanks. Herbicide
performance is rated periodically for individual major weed spe-
cies response, survival and reinfestation. Observations may con-
tinue for periods of six months or more. Granular and sprayable
herbicide formulations and times and methods of chemical appli-
cation are compared; i.e., dalapon applied alone in repeated light
dosages has provided paragrass control superior to single heavy
treatments of dalapon alone or in combinations with other herbi-
cides.
PROGRESS: Ditchbanks and fencerows are ideal habitat for
development of dense stands of Napiergrass (Pennesitum pur-
pureum) which spreads vegetatively and by seed to adjacent crop
fields where it can become a dominant infestant. Control pro-
grams may fail if seedlings develop after crops, especially sugar-
cane, are too large for mechanical or chemical treatment. The
Napiergrass population multiplied between application and har-
vest in a rigorous chemical control experiment in a sugarcane
field. A seven-fold increase in stool counts developed in the un-
treated controls and a two- to three-fold increase was recorded
under soil sterilant and foliar-spray programs. Practical control of
Napiergrass in crop fields will depend on effective ditchbank and
fencerow programs.
SUPPORTED BY Florida State Government Tallahassee
2.0115, BASIC PHYSIOLOGY OF AQUATIC WEEDS IN
f ?E ™KDSFlorida Agric. Expt. Station, Fort Lauderdale,
Florida 333 10 (07 10-02-05)
OBJECTIVE Develop more effective and economical
methods of controlling aquatic vegetation in waterways, canals,
lakes, ponds in ways to minimize herbicide toxicity to the environ-
ment. .
APPROACH: Study the growth requirements and patterns of
aquatic plants as related to nutrition, light, temperature and other
aspects of environment. Study life cycles and reproduction of
aquatic weeds to determine optimum chemicals and times for
control applications. Study the selectivity, absorption, and trans-
location of herbicides in plants and their persistence in the
aquatic environment.
PROGRESS: Seven amine salt formulations of 2,4-D were
evaluated in static water tests on the 2,4-D resistant submersed
weeds Vallisneria and Egeria. The oleyl amine was most
phytotoxic and a mixture of dodecyl-tetradecyl amines was next.
Complete control was obtained at 5 ppmw in 2-4 weeks. A
technique of applying herbicides to specific plant zones to in-
crease effectiveness was assessed on the floating weed water
hyacinth. Eight formulations of oil soluble herbicides were mixed
in kerosene and applied to the root zone by floating the oil on the
water surface. None of the treatments produced a phytotoxic
response greater than the standard foliar application. Two silvex
and one 2,4-D ester formulations were comparable at equivalent
rates. Injury from diquat and amine salt of endothall applied to in-
tact isolated stern regions of Hydrilla, Vallisneria, and Eurasian
watermilfoil was restricted to tissue actually in contact with the
herbicide. No translocation to other regions was apparent. Of 22
chemicals evaluated for effects on sprouting and regrowth of
vegetation propagules of Hydrilla, dichlobenil was the most ac-
tive. Shoot growth was completely inhibited at a concentration of
O.OS ppmw in continuous contact for 6 weeks. Herbicides incor-
porated into plastic pellets for slow controlled release into water
were evaluated for phytotoxicity toward Eurasian watermilfoil. In
static water tests a 0. 1 ppmw rate of fenac acid produced 94%
control in 8 weeks.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - A.R.S. - C.R.
2.0116, EVALUATION OF HERBICIDES FOR CONTROL
OF AQUATIC WEEDS
R.D. BLACKBURN, Plantation Field Laboratory, Fort Lau-
derdale, Florida 33310 (FLA-PL-01 124)
OBJECTIVE: Evaluate chemical compounds for their her-
bicidal activity against submersed, emersed, and floating aquatic
weeds.
APPROACH: New herbicides will be evaluated on 3 sub-
mersed aquatic weeds (Elodea densa, Najas guadalupenis, and
Ceratophyllum demersum); 3 species of floating aquatic weeds
(Eichhornia crassipes, Salvinia rotundifolia, and Pistia stratiotes);
and one emersed aquatic weed (Alternanthera philoxeroides).
Submersed Weeds: Evaluations will be done in a temperature and
light intensity controlled laboratory. Application rates will vary
from 1 to 10 ppmw or ppmv and contact time of herbicides with
plant will be varied from 30 minutes to 4 weeks. Visual evalua-
tions will be made at various intervals. Floating Weeds: Plants will
be grown in plastic containers in a greenhouse. Application rates
of herbicides will vary from 1 to 10 Ib/A of active ingredient.
Visual evaluations will be made at various intervals. Emersed
Weeds: Floating mats of alligatorweed will be grown in plastic
containers in a greenhouse. Application rates will be 5 and 20
Ib/A of active ingredient applied as a foliar spray Visual evalua-
tions will be made at various intervals to determine the percent
topkill and percent regrowth. Herbicides that show herbicidal ac-
tivity on any of these weeds will be further evaluated in growth
pools constructed near the laboratory. «""a«=u giuwui
PROGRESS: A combination of copper with diquat en-
dothall, and ametryne increased herbicida I activity on
1-88
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Ametryne (3 Ib/A) applied in combination with 2,4-D (l/81b/A)
controlled water hyacinth. A granular and slow release pellet of
the amine salt of endothall have controlled hydrilla in lakes. The
slow release pellet has given longer control in lakes and flowing
canals. Cost of control and fish toxicity has been reduced when
using slow release pellets. A weighted formulation of the amine
salt of endothall has controlled hydrilla in flowing canals. Diquat,
endothall, and copper sulfate have been encapsulated into a slow
release capsule. Plastic enclosures (25 Sq. ft.) have proven to be
an excellent research tool for evaluating herbicides on submerged
aquatic weeds.
SUPPORTED BY Florida State Government - Tallahassee
2.0117, ECOLOGY AND BIOCONTROL OF AQUATIC
WEEDS IN THE SOUTHEAST
R.D. BLACKBURN, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Crops Research
Division, Fort Lauderdale, Florida 33310 (0710-02-04)
OBJECTIVE: Develop effective and safe biocontrol methods
of controlling aquatic weeds. Determine the effects of herbicides
on biological control agents, fish, and other desirable organisms
in the aquatic environment. Determine the changes in the aquatic
environment when using biological, mechanical, and herbicida]
control.
APPROACH: Study the life histories and ecology of biocon-
trol agents as related to the control of aquatic weeds. Conduct
laboratory, growthpool, and field experiments to determine
refinements in the most effective and safest techniques of utilizing
biocontrol agents alone and in combination with herbicides for
control of aquatic weeds. Evaluate in controlled environmental
and field conditions the toxicity of herbicides to biocontrol
agents, sports fish, and the aquatic environment.
PROGRESS: Hydrilla has replaced the submersed weeds
southern Naiad and Vallisneria in the freshwater canals and lakes
of Florida. Regrowth in herbicida] treated areas is primarily from
stem nodes and underground tubers. Diquat and paraquat were
evaluated over a 3-year period in ponds to determine their effects
on the fishery environment. The herbicide had an initial effect on
the plankton but it recovered in 30 days after treatment. Diquat
showed an acute toxicity to the amphipod Hyalella. Water quality
was affected for a period of 10 to 14 days after treatment with
both herbicides. Both herbicides could be used in the aquatic en-
vironment without long term effects. The Pomacea snail can be
grown in the laboratory. Circulating water has been necessary for
rapid growth. The snail feeds vigorously on aquatic weeds.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - A.R.S. - C.R.
2.0118, THE PHYSIOLOGY AND CHEMICAL CONTROL
OF AQUATIC WEEDS IN THE SOUTHEAST
L.W. WELDON, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Crops Research Divi-
sion, Fort Lauderdale, Florida 33310 (0710-02-03)
OBJECTIVE: Develop methods of controlling aquatic
vegetation in waterways, canals, lakes, ponds, and irrigation
systems.
APPROACH: Evaluate new chemicals and additives to her-
bicides to increase effectiveness on elodea, Eurasian watermilfoil,
water hyacinth, alligatorweed, and other aquatic plants. Study life
cycle of the plants and environmental factors affecting the car-
bohydrate reserves, plant response to herbicides, and persistence
of herbicides in the water, plant, organism, and hydrosoil.
PROGRESS: Ametryne (3 Ib/A) applied in combination with
2,4-D (1/8 Ib/A) controlled water hyacinth. A granular and slow
release pellet of the amine salt of endothall has controlled hydrilla
in lakes. The slow release pellet has given longer control in lakes
and flowing canals. Cost of control and fish toxicity have been
reduced when using slow release pellets. A weighted formulation
of the amine salt of endothall has controlled hydrilla in flowing
canals. Diquat, endothall, and copper sulfate have been encapsu-
lated into a slow release capsule. Plastic enclosures (25 sq. ft.)
have proven to be an excellent research tool for evaluating herbi-
cides on submersed aquatic weeds.
2. AQUATIC PEST CONTROL
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - A.R.S. - C.R.
2.0119, PROCESSING, CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, AND
NUTRITIVE VALUE OF AQUATIC WEEDS
L.O. BAGNALL, Univ. of Florida, Inst. of Food & Agric. Sci.,
Gainesville, Florida 32601
Laboratory and field investigation of the processing and
feeding properties of aquatic weeds, particularly Water hyacinth
and Florida Elodea, will be conducted to determine under what
conditions they may be economically utilized after having been
harvested to clear lakes and streams. Plants will be processed by
mechanical dewatering, evaporative drying, and pelleting. Water
removal, nutrient removal, and costs of processing will be deter-
mined. Chemical analyses of products and byproducts will deter-
mine nutrient and toxicant content. Animal feeding trials will
determine voluntary intake, live-weight changes, digestive disor-
ders, and apparent digestibility.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - O. Wtr. Res. Rch.
2.0120, SOUTHEASTERN BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF
WEEDS INVESTIGATIONS
N. SPENCER, Univ. of Florida, U.S.D.A. Entomology Res. Div.,
Gainesville, Florida 32601 (OOENTJ0212100100)
OBJECTIVE: Develop and apply methods for utilizing in-
sects to control aquatic weeds, with special emphasis on control
of waterhyacinth.
APPROACH: Information will be obtained on the identity,
biology, and distribution of the insect and mite fauna of water-
hyacinth in Florida and elsewhere in the United States. Those in-
sect and mite species having potential value as biological control
agents will be identified by field observation and laboratory ex-
perimentation. Host- specificity studies on foreign species of in-
sects will be carried out prior to colonizing them in the United
States to control waterhyacinth or other aquatic weeds. Alligator-
weed flea beetle and other introduced insects having promise in
control of aquatic weeds will be thoroughly evaluated to deter-
mine factors influencing the range of their effectiveness in various
ecological situations.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - A.R.S. - E.N.T
2.0121, BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF WATER WEEDS
WITH PLANT PATHOGENS
F.W. ZETTLER, Univ. of Florida, School of Agriculture,
Gainesville, Florida 32601
The proposed research plan involves field and laboratory in-
vestigations directed at the control of aquatic weeds through the
use of plant pathogens. The main approach in the investigations is
to collect and identify the diseases of aquatic plants in their native
habitat and to assess their potentials as biological controls of
specific pestiliferous water plants.
Field investigations would include the following: I. Visiting
the native habitats of the introduced aquatic weed species in
search of their plant pathogens: 2. Determining the role of these
pathogens in supressing plant population explosions: 3. Collecting
and identifying promising pathogens preparatory to their being
studied in the laboratory.
Laboratory investigations would employ the following
methods: 1. Pathogenicity studies in which the effects of the
pathogens on various plants, including beneficial species, would
be assessed: 2. Culturing experiments designed to determine op-
timal conditions for pathogen development: 3. Transmission stu-
dies in which natural and artificial means of inoculation would be
investigated and related to the aquatic environment.
Laboratory and field data would be correlated for practical
means by which to employ pathogens in controlling water weeds
in open Florida waters.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - O. Wtr. Res. Rch.
2.0122, BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF WATER WEEDS
WITH PLANT PATHOGENS
F.W. ZETTLER, Univ. of Florida, Agricultural Experiment Sta.,
Gainesville, Florida 32601 (FLA-PT-01517)
1-89
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2. AQUATIC PEST CONTROL
OBJECTIVE: Controlling aquatic weeds biologically utiliz-
ing plant pathogens.
APPROACH: Searching for diseases of aquatic plants in
USA and abroad. Identifying and characterizing the causal organ-
isms involved. Assessing their pathogenicity to pestiferous and
beneficial plants. Exploiting them as biological control of aquatic
plants.
SUPPORTED BY Florida State Government - Tallahassee
2.0123, WEED CONTROL IN CITRICULTURE
R.L. PHILLIPS, Citrus Agricultural Expt. Sta., Lake Alfred,
Florida 33850 (FLA-CS-00945)
OBJECTIVE: Devise effective, safe, and practical methods
of using herbicides for controlling weeds in and adjacent to citrus
plantings and sites. Study the effects of herbicides on citrus trees.
APPROACH: Control of weeds in groves and nurseries -
Field trials will be established to evaluate the effectiveness of diu-
ron, simazine, and EPTC on control of annual weeds in groves
nurseries. Repeated low rates of dalapon will be studied for
perennial grass control in groves. Control of aquatic and
ditchbank weeds in coastal groves. Several commercially availa-
ble soil sterilant and growth-regulator type herbicides will be eval-
uated for control of submersed and emergent aquatics and
ditchbank vines, brush and perennial grasses in coastal grove
ditches. Residual effects of annual or semi-annual applications of
herbicides on tree growth and yield will be studied. A continuous
program of screening new herbicides will be conducted.
PROGRESS: Dichlobenil has continued to give excellent
control of a wide number of weeds. After 2 applications the first
year, only 1 application per year has been required for satisfacto-
ry control. Results with diuron were also favorable but control did
not last as long. Control with terbacil was not satisfactory in some
cases because tolerant weeds were present. The addition of
paraquat increased the effectiveness of diuron and terbacil where
larger weeds were present when applied. Treflan gave excellent
control of annual grasses but tolerant weeds were not affected in
many plots. Several new herbicides were tested. GS-14254 and
VCS-438 showed promise for use in citrus groves because of their
long-lasting effects on weed growth and their low toxicity to citrus
trees. Vine control studies were made using growth regulators,
preemergence herbicides and contact herbicides. In general,
2,4,5-TP was the most effective phenoxy herbicide tested. The
addition of surfactants and non-phytotoxic oils increased its effec-
tiveness. Casoron was the most effective preemergence herbicide
tested, followed by the triazines. Contact herbicides resulted in
good control with frequent applications.
SUPPORTED BY Florida State Government - Tallahassee
2.0124, MASS REARING OF MARISA CORNUARIETIS
FOR BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF AQUATIC WEEDS IN
EMPERATE WATERS
R.D. BLACKBURN, Univ. of Miami, School of Arts, Miami,
Florida 33124 (0710-02-11(C))
OBJECTIVE: Determine physiological and environmental
factors that influence the reproduction of the large, fresh-water
snail Marisa cornuarietis; develop techniques for mass rearing the
snail; determine methods and economics of shipping the snail to
potential weed-infested ponds and lakes in temperate climates;
produce sufficient number of snails for large-scale stocking of
weed-infested ponds in temperate climates.
APPROACH: Collect races of Marisa from Florida, Puerto
Rico, the Caribbean, and South America. Determine survival,
growth rate, and reproduction of snails as a function of physical
environment and age. Determine differences in races with regard
to fecundity, longevity, weed consumption, and other factors af-
fecting overall biotic potential as biological weed control agents.
Select most promising strains or races and develop methods of
mass rearing, handling, harvesting, and transportating snails to
temperate waters. Conduct preliminary field trials of mass-reared
snails for control of aquatic weeds in temperate waters. Evaluate
overall cost and effectiveness of the potential biological control
system.
PROGRESS: Crowding does not increase mortality, but does
decrease growth rate. Crowding also increases shell erosion, espe-
cially in small snails. Amount of available light P£*»*K> •«•
nificant changes in shell erosion. Sexes can be differentiated by
shape of aperture. Egg capsule membrane and fluid are inducted
as regulators of ionic and water balance. Addition of high protein
fish concentrate, snail eggs, and snail bodies to the diet do not in-
crease growth. Newly hatched snails gam about twice as much
total body weight as weight offish pellets fed. This rate decreases
to about 1:1 for juvenile snails. Primary source of DDT residue in
marisa is from food chain rather than absorption directly from
waters.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - A.R.S. - C.R.
2.0125, TESTING OF NEW HERBICIDES
W.W. THOMASTON, State Game & Fish Commission, Atlanta,
Georgia 30334
Study Objective: To evaluate methods and materials or con-
trolling weeds in small impoundments and to study reasons for
their existence in particular areas.
Job Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of new herbi-
cides on various species of aquatic weeds.
Procedures: New herbicides will be tested to determine the
feasibility of using these chemicals for control of various aquatic
weeds. The number of experiments will be determined by their
availibility and satisfactory ponds for this work.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
2.0126, TESTING OF METHODS OF HERBICIDE APPLI-
CATION
W.W. THOMASTON, State Game & Fish Commission, Atlanta,
Georgia 30334
Study Objective: To evaluate methods and materials for con-
trolling weeds in small impoundments, and to study reasons for
their existence in particular areas.
Job Objective: To find the most suitable and simplified
method of applying individual herbicides.
Procedures: Herbicides will be applied by using established
simplified techniques, such as gravity flow and spraying. Other
simplified methods will be devised and evaluated. The number of
ponds is dependent on existing situations.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
2.0127, SURVEY OF POND WEEDS AND PLANT SUC-
CESSION
W.W. THOMASTON, State Game & Fish Commission, Atlanta,
Georgia 30334
Study Objective: To evaluate methods and materials for con-
trolling weeds in small impoundments, and to study reasons for
their existence in particular areas.
Job Objective: To determine the area and conditions neces-
sary for the growth of aquatic weeds.
Procedures: A survey of the frequency of ponds infested with
aquatic weeds as related to the water quality will be made. When
possible, the succession of plants in an area will be determined.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
2.0128, AQUATIC PLANT CONTROL
A.B. MONTGOMERY, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Sport
Fish. & Wife., Atlanta, Georgia 30323
The ever-increasing demands on water resources of this
country are being severely curtailed by the rapid encroachment of
obnoxious aquatic plants. This has resulted in the necessity for
control of interfering aquatic weed infestations. Such is most ef-
fectively accomplished through the use of chemicals. However,
the chemicals must be harmless to aquatic organisms and safe for
uses associated with human water supply.
The objectives of the investigation are to determine the ef-
fects of herbicides, used in the control of obnoxious aquatic
plants, to fish and related organisms and their environment Pre-,
during and post- treatment data will be collected from field study
areas which are treated under operational procedures Standard
fisheries collecting equipment and methods will be used The stu-
1-90
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dies will include acute and chronic toxicities of the chemicals, as
well as residues which are accumulated in the various tissues and
organs of the organisms, bottom muds and the water. Laboratory
studies will be conducted as are deemed necessary and beneficial.
In addition, the good or bad effects of alteration of the habitat
through plant removal will be evaluated. This is a continuing
study and will consider different plants, environments, and chemi-
cals.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Defense - Army
2.0129, THE PHYSIOLOGY AND CHEMICAL CONTROL
OF AQUATIC WEEDS IN THE SOUTHEAST
L.W. WELDON, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Crops Research Divi-
sion, Savanna/i, Georgia 31405 (0710-02-03A)
PROGRESS: A combination of biocontrol (Agasicles beetle)
and chemical (silvex) was more effective in controlling alligator
weed than either used alone. The Agasicles beetle is well
established on alligator weed from Charleston, S.C. to Florida,
Alabama and Texas. The beetles overwintered in all study sites in
1969. Beetles are effective deterents to the growth of alligator
weed. Thrips (Thysanoptera) have been found feeding on alliga-
torweed in North Florida. Large areas of fragrent water lily were
controlled using 5 Ib/A of dichlobenil. Southern water grass was
effectively controlled with 2 Ib/A of paraquat. A combination of
copper with diquat, endothall, and ametryne increased herbicidal
activity on hydrilla.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture A.R.S. C.R.
2.0130, THE USE OF NUTRIA, WATER BOWL AND
GRASS CARP FOR THE CONTROL OF SUBMERGENT
PLANTS
S. EHRLICH, Justus Liebig Universitat, Giessen, Germany
The 1000 ha Agras Reservoir is sited on fertile reed-peat soil.
Its depth is 0-2 m, only the canals having a depth of 3.5 m. It
stores the water for a day of operation only. The daily water
change and almost continuous flow suppress development of
microscopic algae and enhance the growth of attached weeds.
The conditions of the lake are favorable for a large number of
aquatic plant species. The use of water for watering of cattle and
irrigation excludes chemical control. Mechanical cutting of sub-
mergent weeds caused only gradual replacement of Potamogeton
and Polygonum by Chara. Stands of emergent vegetation
destroyed by nutria were replaced by submergent vegetation.
The aims of the project are: 1. To control the emergent
weeds by developing a nutria population sufficiently aggregated
under conditons of low mean density to control the vegetation in
the colony areas and later continuing rapid reproduction,
enabling commercial exploitation, under conditions of high mean
density. 2. Due to the large number of submergent plant species a
number of plant-eating animals will be used for control: grass
carp, wild water fowl specially introduced in the lake (mute swan
and Netta rufina), wild water fowl enhanced in the lake (water
hen), domestic and semi-domestic ducks. 3. Enhancing the
growth of Lemna in the numerous bays and ponds partly isolated
by dykes of peat excavated from the canals to assure food supply
for the plant-eating animals without hampering the water flow
and to reduce evaporation. 4. Studying the fish productivity and
increasing fish production.
SUPPORTED BY Florida State Government - Tallahassee
2.0131, EXPERIMENTAL INTRODUCTION OF EXOTIC
FRESHWATER FISHES
R.N. YOSHIDA, State Div. of Fish & Game, Honolulu, Hawaii
96813
Objectives: 1. To introduce selected species of fresh water
fish into the State. 2. To ascertain whether or not these fishes will
reproduce and thrive under local conditions. 3. To determine the
feasibility of utilizing certain species of fish for the control of un-
desirable aquatic vegetation.
Procedure: Surveillance of the effects of some 2,000 grass
carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) finerlings released into the
Waiakea PFA will be continued. The fingerlings were imported
2. AQUATIC PEST CONTROL
from Taiwan and released into this isolated body of water in an
experimental attempt to cope with serious aquatic vegetation
problems. Surveillance will be primarily visual, in conjunction
with work on artificial fish shelters in the same area.
Efforts will be continued toward finalizing cooperative agree-
ments with two landowners on Maui, to establish two new public
fishing areas. Should these efforts be successful, experimental
stocking with rainbow trout, using eggs imported from the main-
land and processed at the Keehi Fisheries Station, will be carried
out.
The search for additional desirable species for introduction
will be continued. Whenever new fish are introduced, first con-
sideration will be given to rearing of the fish in hatchery ponds,
laboratory tanks or brood ponds until such time that the fish
reproduce and the young can be distributed into selected bodies
of water for evaluation. This procedure may be modified and
direct releases may be made into streams or other bodies of water
if space limitations become a problem or if the biological charac-
teristics of the fish make immediate release advisable. Periodic
follow-up checks will be conducted to keep track of the status of
all releases.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
2.0132, AQUATIC WEED SUPPRESSION AND CONTROL
IN LARGE CANALS
D. W. BOYLE, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation,
Boise, Idaho
The project is carried out to find methods and materials
which will control or suppress aquatic weeds in large canals. Her-
bicides found promising in laboratory and other field studies are
tested in delivery channels to find the least quantity effective in
suppressing aquatic growth to tolerable levels. The three major
aspects studied are: ecology of the aquatic environment in the
field, field tests on project channels to learn the most effective
materials at the lowest rates which will suppress aquatic weeds,
and studies and competitive aquatic plant species to suppress
growth of weedy species with and without the aid of chemicals.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Reclamation
2.0133, A CRITICAL TEST OF METHODS FOR ISOLA-
TION OF VIRUSES FOR USE IN CONTROL OF NUISANCE
ALGAE
H.N. GUTTMAN, Univ. of Illinois, School of Liberal Arts,
Chicago, Illinois 60680
First tests by others have revealed the presence of a very few
types of algae viruses which are now being tested as potential con-
trollers of nuisance algae. The methods for virus selection selects
against isolation of the rarer viruses which may be more valuable
because of different host specificity, etc.
We are therefore critically evaluating two methods for isola-
tion and purification of algal viruses to determine whether the
commonly used method inadvertently selected out for the few
most abundant viruses and against the rarer viruses which may
have more eventual value as algal controllers.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - O. Wtr. Res. Rch.
2.0134, GROWTH REGULATORS AND MINERAL NUTRI-
TION IN AQUATIC PLANT CONTROL
H.J. PRESLEY, Univ. of Illinois, Graduate School, Chicago, Il-
linois 60680
An investigation will be made of the effect of an herbicide,
retardant, and gibberellic acid on the growth of the nuisance
hydrophyte, Elodea.
An assessment will be made of the modification of nutrient
uptake and nutritional disarrangements within the plant resulting
from application of these growth-control substances. Nutrients to
be considered include phosphorous, calcium, amino acids, and
total protein within the plant.
1-91
465-868 O - 72 - 7
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2. AQUATIC PEST CONTROL
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - O. Wtr. Res. Rch.
2.0135, NATURAL ENEMIES OF WITCHWEED, NUT-
SEDGE, AND SEVERAL AQUATIC WEEDS IN INDIA
V.P. RAO, Comm. Inst. of Biolog. Control, Bangalore, India
(480A7ENT85)
OBJECTIVE: Obtain and analyze information about the
biotic agents associated with witch weed, nutsedge, and several
aquatic weeds in India, determine the host specificity of each
agent, and evaluate the potential of each agent for use in biologi-
cal control of the weed.
APPROACH: A list of potential biological control agents,
principally insects and mites, will be prepared from existing
records and from field surveys to be conducted on these plants in
their native habitats. The host specificity of each agent will be
determined from direct field and laboratory observations and ex-
periments. Species that meet host-specificity requirements will be
studied in detail to provide information on their life histories,
ecological requirements, and natural enemies. The effect of the
agent on its host will be noted, with emphasis on the time of at-
tack with respect to stage of plant development. The potential of
each agent for use in biological control will be assessed. All
material will be identified, cataloged, and preserved, and exam-
ples will be furnished to the Entomology Research Division,
Washington.
PROGRESS: The two 'forms' of the noctuid Eulocastra at-
tacking witchweed were found to be ecologically isolated accord-
ing to their feeding sites. Morphological and taxonomic studies in-
dicate two species are involved. Neither 'form' has fed on any
scrophulariaceous plant so far tested, other than Striga. Heavy in-
fections of the fungi Alternaria and Cercospora spp. were noted
on witchweed. Specificity tests were conducted on the flea beetle
Altica caerulea and the weevil Nanophyes sp. found attacking
water primrose. Altica fed on several of the ornamental plants of
the family Onagraceae tested, while Nanophyes sp. did not. Two
species of Psara (Lep., Pyralidae) were found attacking alligator-
weed, and several species of Nymphula spp. were found damaging
Hydrilla Nymphaea, Nymphoides, and Potamogeton. None of the
S3 plants tested were susceptible to the water hyacinth fungus Al-
ternaria n. sp.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - A.R.S. - E.N.T
2.0136, THE USE OF FLAME FOR CONTROLLING
WEEDS AND BRUSH
R.M. LIEN, Purdue University, Agricultural Experiment Sta.,
Lafayette, Indiana 47907 (IND01256)
OBJECTIVE: Study flame weed control in tillage practices
where present control methods are inadequate. Evaluate the ef-
fectiveness of flaming for control of weeds and brush on ditch
banks. Determine cost input factors for determining economic
feasibility.
APPROACH: Field studies will be conducted on minimum
tillage plots to determine effectiveness of flame weed control in
those practices (rough and trashy) where present weed control
methods are inadequate or costly. Sod planting plots will be
flamed to study retardation of grass growth to facilitate corn
growth. Three ditch locations over the state will be selected in
cooperation with the county surveyor and flamed once during the
season when brush is in full foliage (June) to determine the heat
tolerance of various wood species operational procedures and
overall effectiveness as compared to other methods. Cost data
will be determined on all operations.
PROGRESS: Investigations were limited to the further study
of weed control on ditch banks. In 1967, a demonstration area
using flame for brush and weed control on ditch banks was
established in Clinton County. A reflame of this area was con-
ducted in 1969 to clean up the new regrowth that was appearing.
The first flaming gave satisfactory control. The reflame is a main-
tenance procedure. Kill results will not be determined until the
1970 growing season.
SUPPORTED BY Indiana State Government
OF THE EFFECTS OF A FER.
SUPPLE-
MENTED BY HERBICIDES, ON SUBMERGED AQUATIC
PLANTS
R.E. SCHOONOVER, State Forest. Fish & Game Com., Pratt,
"'""objective: To develop methods for controlling aquatic
VCBei?ocedures: 1. Standard survey procedures will be used in
determining pertinent physical, chemical, and biological condi-
tions of lakes and smaller impoundments prior to initiating experi-
mental aquatic plant control projects, and will be continued
periodically while the projects are in progress. Particular empha-
sis will be given to determining the principal species of aquatic
plants, their distribution and abundance, prior to beginning con-
trol measures and periodically during each segment while control
measures are being applied. 2. The control measure, or combina-
tion of control measures, consisting of fertilization, herbicides,
chemicals, and other materials, as stipulated in the Job Descrip-
tion will be applied to certain waters to determine their effective-
ness against the specific plants. Other lakes or areas will be main-
tained as control waters for comparison with these test lakes. 3.
Detailed studies and observations will be made to determine the
effects of the experimental measure on the aquatic vegetation and
the degree of control achieved.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
2.0138, A STUDY OF INHIBITORY COMPOUNDS
PRODUCED BY FRESH-WATER ALGAE
D.O. HARRIS, Univ. of Kentucky, Water Resources Institute,
Lexington, Kentucky 40506
The purpose of this study is to examine the biological and
chemical properties of inhibitory compounds produced by fresh-
water algae (Volvocales). Past experiments by the author have
shown a substance produced by Platydorina caudata to be: heat
labile, non-dialyzable, dilutable several times with no loss in ac-
tivity, specific for Platydorina, unstable at both acid and base con-
ditions and unaffected by short periods of freezing and exposure
to bacterial contamination. Studies here will be expanded to in-
clude Sephadex, DEAE cellulose, proteolytic enzymes, elec-
trophoresis, etc. in an attempt to isolate and completely charac-
terize these substances.
The study here will be three-fold in nature: ( 1 ) a study of
substances which are auto-inhibitory in nature, (2) an examina-
tion of substances which are not specific for any one organism but
affect a wide range of both animals and plants, and (3) a charac-
terization of the substances and an attempt to learn how they
work in order to gain insight as to a method for controlling non-
desirous algal blooms. Perhaps this line of investigation will even-
tually provide clues to a method of controlling algae in water sup-
plies, etc.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - O. Wtr. Res. Rch.
2.0139, AQUATIC WEED CONTROL BY POND FISHES
J.W. AVAULT, Louisiana State University, Agricultural Experi-
ment Sta., Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803 (LAB01279)
OBJECTIVE: Determine weed control effectiveness of vari-
ous species of herbivorous fish; stocking procedures for these fish;
effect of stocked fish on established fish populations; economics
feasibility of herbivorous fish use.
APPROACH: Promising fish species will be field-tested in
small pools and in earthen ponds. New species will be evaluated.
Various rates and sizes of fish will be tested for weed control. Ef-
fect of herbivorous fish on fish populations will be determined by
seine and fishing. Cost and benefit records will be analyzed.
PROGRESS: The grass carp is the most efficient fish for con-
trolling aquatic weeds in ponds. If we use this fish for controlling
weeds, we must learn to culture it. Grass carp fry were success-
fully grown to fingerling size in the laboratory Initially they were
f
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algae in ponds. The most serious drawback to their use is that they
die in the winter because they are a tropical fish. We were suc-
cessful in overwintering large numbers of tilapia in ponds by flow-
ing in warm water from an artesian well.
SUPPORTED BY Louisiana State Government - Baton Rouge
2.0140, USE OF CHEMICALS ON RICE
J.B. BAKER, Louisiana State University, Agricultural Experiment
Sta., Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803 (LAB01383)
PROGRESS: Combination of various pre-emergence or post-
emergence treatments with propanil failed to give yield increases
over propanil alone. None of the pre-emergence treatments gave
yields superior to propanil and only CP-53619 at 1-1/2 Ib/A as a
delayed pre-emergence or G-13638 at 1-1/2 Ib/A as a delayed
pre-emergence gave yields equal to propanil. Pre-emergence
treatment with 4 Ib/A CP-53619 or 0.75 and 1.5 Ib/A RP-17623
gave yields less than the untreated check. Other pre- emergence
treatments yielded the same as the untreated check.
SUPPORTED BY Louisiana State Government Baton Rouge
2.0141, FACTORS INFLUENCING OCCURRENCE OF
SELECTED AQUATIC PLANTS IN RICE FIELDS
J.B. BAKER, Louisiana State University, Agricultural Experiment
Sta., Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803 (LAB01495)
OBJECTIVE: Study the effect of various factors on germina-
tion, growth, and development of selected aquatic weeds of rice
fields.
APPROACH: Initial studies of factors influencing germina-
tion will be made on seed collected from the field. An attempt will
be made to grow the plants under controlled conditions for future
seed supplies. Following studies on germination, the effects of en-
vironmental factors on growth and development will be in-
vestigated. Environmental factors to be emphasized in studies are
temperature, oxygen tension, and light (intensity, duration and
quality). These factors will be monitored in the field to see if a
correlation can be found between field observations and laborato-
ry results.
PROGRESS: Seeds of Heteranthera limosa, Ammania coc-
cinea, Bacopa rotundifolia, and Sphenoclea zeylandi were col-
lected from natural infestations of these weeds at the Rice Experi-
ment Station. Preliminary studies indicate that germination of the
latter three is very low. The seed of Heteranthera limosa have a
high germination under proper conditions. A detailed study of the
light requirements for germination of Heteranthera limosa was
begun. Preliminary results indicate duration of light treatment is
more important than intensity, and the red light is stimulatory
while far-red is inhibitory.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - C.S.R.S.
2.0142, FISH PRODUCTION AND GAME MANAGEMENT
ON THE IDLEWILD PLANTATION
B.A. BATEMAN, Louisiana State University, Agricultural Experi-
ment Sta., Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803 (LABO1008)
OBJECTIVE: For Idlewild Lake management, to determine
effects of fertilization and chemical weed control on production
of bass and sunfish. For Idlewild game management, to make a
census of wildlife, to study forest game production as related to
tree species composition and abundance, to produce turkey and
quail food on plots, and to determine wildlife values of native
vegetation.
APPROACH: The lake will be fertilized. Periodic checks will
be made on fish production. Weed control will be initiated. Game
foods will be type-mapped and a game census will be made. Food
plots will be established. Prescribed fire will be used to improve
game habitat. Utilization by game animals of various foods
produced on the area will be measured.
PROGRESS: The lake at Idlewild was very low - - down over
12 ft., early in 1969. Heavy rains beginning in February raised the
water level to within 3 ft. of the top of the overflow. Throughout
the year, the water level remained within 2 ft. of the high point
reached. Drastic fluctuations in water level have controlled
aquatic vegetation. Deer populations have remained low in the
2. AQUATIC PEST CONTROL
timbered areas based on: 1. deer seen 2. tracks a3. browse ob-
served on the more palatable browse species. A double fence was
erected in 2 food plots to control deer. The inner fence was made
of 2-inch mesh chicken wire, 5 ft. high. The outer fence - - placed
5 ft. from the inner one - was made by using 4 strands of barb-
wire with a total height of 5 ft. Soybeans were planted before the
fences were built and there were beans on all four sides. All beans
were eaten outside the fence, but the deer did not go over the
fence. Rabbits - - based on sight records during the spring - - were
at near peak numbers. The food plots were planted to wheat and
white clover in the fall. Feeding signs show turkey, rabbit and
deer are using this food. Some 25 or 26 turkey were known to be
on Idlewild during the fall. Fires east of the creek during the last 2
winters have greatly reduced hardwood brush in the pine stands
and increased seed- bearing annuals and perennials, especially
legumes.
SUPPORTED BY Louisiana State Government - Baton Rouge
2.0143, FOREST AND FARM GAME HABITAT; FISH
POND
B.A. BATEMAN, Louisiana State University, Agricultural Experi-
ment Sta., Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803 (LAB00427)
OBJECTIVE. Study changes in wildlife and fish habitat
produced by various cultural practices.
APPROACH: Key farms in Louisiana will be selected for
detailed studies of habitat changes. The effects on controlled
burning on food available for quail, turkey, and deer will be stu-
died. Development of forest undestory under various treatments
such as burning discing, fertilization, and planting will be ob-
served. Several different herbicides will be tested for weed con-
trol in fish ponds.
PROGRESS: The farm as a game habitat continues to deteri-
orate as fanning practices become more intensive and efficient.
Detrimental effects include; 1. Eradication of turn rows, ditches,
unused corner and fence rows. 2. Clean cultivation-use of herbi-
cides. 3. Multiple crops whereby new crops may be planted in
both spring and fall. Winter crops of rye grass, small grains, vetch,
and clovers add food for certain species; however, these species
are usually in low numbers due to the overall yearly farming pro-
gram. Burning for the improvement of the habitat for bobwhite,
rabbit and turkey on the more moist sites must be done annually
to give the highest benefits. Dense young pine stands from about 6
to 20 years of age produce very little game food. A combination
of fire and thinning create a much better habitat as soon as such
stands will produce merchantable products. An almost complete
acorn failure during 1969 has caused squirrel to scatter over wide
areas in search of food. Such acorn failures are usually followed
by low production during the following spring breeding season. In
the overcup- rock elm areas of the Delta owned by the Wild Life
and Fisheries Commission, a management plan has been
developed which calls for well interspersed forty-acre blocks to
be clear cut at 5-year intervals. Some planting of selected species
has also been recommended.
SUPPORTED BY Louisiana State Government - Baton Rouge
2.0144, INSECTS ON FOREIGN AQUATIC WEEDS IN
LOUISIANA
A.D. OLIVER, Louisiana State University, Agricultural Experi-
ment Sta., Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803
(OOENTJ02261901GR)
OBJECTIVE: Survey insects and related arthropods that
feed on aquatic weeds of foreign origin in Louisiana; preserve and
identify representative examples; gather and record data on their
biologies; and evaluate their potential in weed control.
APPROACH: Surveys on alligatorweed, waterhyacinth, and
parrot's feather will be conducted throughout the year in major
ecological areas of Louisiana. Specimens will be collected,
prepared, and identified by recognized taxonomists in Louisiana
and Washington, D.C. Biological studies in the field and in the
laboratory, with emphasis on seasonal occurrence, number of
generations per year, and duration of life history stages, will be
conducted. Specimens of developmental stages, and notes on
conditions under which they were found, will be preserved.
1-93
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2. AQUATIC PEST CONTROL
PROGRESS: Surveys and examinations in the Bonne Carre
and Atchafalaya spillways revealed 0-20% of water hyacinth in-
fested with Arzama densa Walker and localized areas of alligator-
weed completely defoliated by the southern garden webworm. A
weevil, Sphenophorus sp., was found feeding on water hyacinth,
primarily where back waters had receded. Generally, these
aquatic weeds were found to be relatively free of insects that
might cause significant reduction of the weed populations. During
surveys, vast expanses of weeds were examined and found free of
biotic factors that could alleviate problems of congested lakes,
streams, and canals.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - A.R.S. E.N.T
2.0145, INSECTS ASSOCIATED WITH AQUATIC WEED
PESTS OF FOREIGN ORIGIN
A.D. OLIVER, Louisiana State University, Agricultural Experi-
ment Sta., Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803 (LAB01401)
PROGRESS: Surveys for insects infesting water hyacinth
were made in the Brown's Bayou, Bristol Bayou, Kings Ditch,
upper Grand River flats and Bonne Carre Spillway. Arzama densa
was the only insect found to use water hyacinth and primary host.
One to 11 % of weeds were or had been infested in localized areas.
Examination of alligator weeds for insect infestations were made
at Alabama Bayou, Catfish Bayou and various drainage canals in
Iberville Parish. No species was found to use this weed as a prima-
ry host. In August, September and early October the southern
garden webworm defoliated patches of this weed in St. Tammany
and Washington Parishes. No insect species were found which
showed promise for use in the biological of this weed.
SUPPORTED BY Louisiana State Government - Baton Rouge
2.0146, EXPANDED AQUATIC PLANT CONTROL PRO-
JECT
J.A. FORET, Univ. of Southwestern La., School of Agriculture,
Lafayette, Louisiana 70S 01
Biological study of the vegetation to determine what factors
prevent translocation of herbicides. Development of a non-toxic
spray which will destroy alligatorweed either by foliage applica-
tion or underwater attack on the submerged portions of the weed.
Develop means of increasing the translocation of herbicides
throughout the entire plant to include the buds located at the
nodes of the plant from which secondary growth springs. Evalua-
tion of water conditions as they apply to the plant. Examination of
various products with respect to their possible use as a means for
destroying the past growth. Conduct of field tests under actual
growing conditions to determine the effects of various materials
on the vegetation.
To date, the research workers at the University of
Southwestern Louisiana have found that there is translocation
throughout the plant from the leaf to the root; that the buds
located at the nodes of the plant appear to be protected from the
chemical which otherwise moves through the plant and are the
source of regrowth under certain favorable conditions; discovery
that certain materials when added to known herbicides appear to
provide a means of penetrating into the buds and lead to their ulti-
mate destruction. This latter development is under intensive study
at the present time and will be reported on in the future as data
are assembled. Herbicide treatment seems to be more effective
when absorption is through the root system.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Defense - Army
2.0147, AQUATIC PLANT CONTROL - EQUIPMENT FOR
MECHANICAL AND CHEMICAL DESTRUCTION
W.E. WVDERLICH, U.S. Army, Engineer District, New Orleans,
Louisiana 70160
Short description of machinery that has been used in the past
for aquatic vegetation destruction in Louisiana.
Development of special devices used in application of chemi-
cals on aquatic vegetation. Description and sketches of these
devices.
Examination of the equipment available on the commercial
market for use in this kind of work and listing of those that ap-
peared to be satisfactory for various types of jobs.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Defense - Army
20148 INFLUENCE OF PESTICIDES & OTHER
HYDROCARBONS ON GROWTH OF EURYTOLERANT
R L VADAS, Univ. of Maine, Agricultural Experiment Sta.,
Orono, Maine 04473 (ME00245)
OBJECTIVE: Determine growth rates of unicellular algae at
several concentrations of pesticides under varying temperature,
pH and salinity regimes. Determine if eurytolerant microalgae are
more tolerant of pesticides than similar species with narrow
tolerances. Determine if eurytolerant algae accumulate pesticides
and other chlorinated hydrocarbons.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - C.S.R.S.
2.0149, ALGAE CONTROL BY ARTIFICIAL MIXING IN
LAKE COCfflTUATE
UNKNOWN, Jason M. Cortell & Associate, Natick, Mas-
sachusetts
It is the general objective of this project to (1) demonstrate a
methodology for solving lake eutrophication problems by deter-
mining the amount of sampling, river gaging, nutrient source stu-
dies, algal counts, species identification, etc. necessary to deveop
effective long-term control of algal growths, and, (2)i to demon-
strate the effects of lake destratification by artificial mixing.
SUPPORTED BY Massachusetts State Government
2.0150, THE INFLUENCE OF HERBICIDES USED ON
HORTICULTURAL CROPS ON STREAM ECOLOGY
G.S. HOWELL, Michigan State University, School of Agriculture,
East Lansing, Michigan 48823
The proposed research would involve a two-fold study of the
effect of herbicides commonly applied to horticultural crops on
the ecology of microflora in streams adjacent to the orchard or
field. The laboratory phase of the research includes application of
herbicides to water samples collected from a stream. Sub-
sequently, measurements of the growth, development and popula-
tion dynamics of the natural microflora will be made. Growth will
be measured via dry weight determinations, quantitative estima-
tion of chlorophyll A, and measurement of photosynthesis and
respiration via illuminated manometric techniques. The effect of
herbicide application on algal population dynamics will also be
measured via per cent estimation of population components.
The field phase of the research will involve the collection of
water samples from streams prior to, during, and after the stream
passes an orchard or field. Oceana County, in western Michigan,
is proposed as the site for the field work based on two criteria: 1)
it is an important fruit production area, using large amounts of
herbicides, 2) it has a stream offering two methods sampling.
Consecutive sampling in the same stream and comparison sam-
pling between two independent watersheds. One of which drains a
fruit area while the other drains a non-cropped area.
Water samples will be collected and concentrated by flash
evaporation and analyzed for the following parameters: a. herbi-
cide residues via chloroform extraction and measurement by gas-
liquid chromatography. b. total N, by micro-kjeldahl procedures.
c. Nitrate and other nutrient elements of spectrographic analysis.
d. total dry matter.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - O. Wtr. Res. Rch.
2.0151, DEVELOP A SELECTIVE ALGACIDE TO CON-
TROL NUISANCE ALGAL GROWTH
W.F. MC1LHENNY, Dow Chemical Company, Midland,
Michigan 48640 (14-12-814) F *
Description: To develop a chemical which will control the
growth of bluegreen algae economically and which will have a
minimum impact on other life in the aquatic environment. Such
an acceptable algaecide must have the following properties: (1)
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SUPPORTED BY U.S. Environ. Protect. Agency - O.O.W.P.
2.01S2, ALLEVIATION OF LAKE POLLUTION BY
UTILIZATION OF AQUATIC PLANTS FOR NUTRITIONAL,
MEDICINAL OR INDUSTRIAL PURPOSES
E.J. STABA, Univ. of Minnesota, School of Pharmacy, Min-
neapolis, Minnesota 55455
The objective of the research is to find a nutritional,
medicinal or industrial use for the unwanted aquatic plants in lake
shoreline areas. It is possible that some aquatic plants may con-
tain industrially useful gums-mucilages or new useful antimicrobi-
al, anticoagulant, or antineoplastic therapeutic principles.
Aquatic plants will be collected from various lakes in Minnesota
and identified, processed and phytochemically screened for use-
ful compounds. Microbial and animal studies will be conducted. If
a good industrial, medicinal or nutrional use for aquatic plants
can be discovered, the results of the research could provide an
economic incentive for aquatic plant collection and control. The
successful completion of the project might significantly assist the
state and Nation in partially solving their lake pollution problems.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior O. Wtr. Res. Rch.
2.0153, EVALUATION OF POND CONDITIONS FOLLOW-
ING FERTILIZATION
J. DOBIE, State Div. of Game & Fish, Saint Paul, Minnesota
SS101
The objective is to learn how to operate walleye rearing
ponds which have developed excessive aquatic vegetation after
organic fertilization.
Information was obtained in project F-13-R-l-to 12 on bot-
tom fauna, plankton and vegetation that can be produced by fer-
tilization. Organic fertilizers, while effective in producing popula-
tions of zooplankton and bottom fauna, also produce undesirable,
dense stands of aquatic vegetation of heavy mats of filmentous al-
gae. Before organic fertilizers can be extensively used in produc-
tion ponds that are too wet for vegetation control through green-
fallowing, information is needed on the reaction of walleye fin-
gerlings to beds of vegetation and practical methods of con-
trolling vegetation in ponds.
Procedure: Determine which several herbicides available
commercially are satisfactory for control of aquatic vegetation
while ponds are occupied by fingerling walleyes. 2. To control
algae through bonding or precipitation of soluble iron.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior Bu. Sport Fish.
2.0154, CONTROL OF UNDESIRABLE AQUATIC
VEGETATION IN LAKE TANEYCOMO, MISSOURI
J.R. WHITLEY, State Dept. of Conserv., Columbia, Missouri
65201
Description: The relationships of dense aquatic weed
growths in Lake Taneycomo to nutrient inflow from Table Rock
Lake and nutrient inflow from local sources will be determined.
The influences of water temperature, water clarity, water current
and bottom substrate on growth of aquatic plants will be mea-
sured.
Safe and effective methods of chemical weed control will be
demonstrated in cold flowing water.
A program of water sampling and chemical analysis will be
initiated to measure the principal sources of plant nutrients in the
Lake. Weed beds will be mapped and all species of rooted aquatic
plants will be identified. Detailed records will be made of water
temperature fluctuations related to power production. Three
aquatic herbicides will be applied at several concentrations to a
large number of demonstration plots. Additional weed plots will
be sprayed during a 24-hour draw-down in midsummer.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Environ. Protect. Agency - O.O.W.P.
2.0155, CONTROL OF UNDESIRABLE AQUATIC
VEGETATION
J.R. WHITLEY, State Dept. of Conserv., Jefferson City, Missouri
65102
2. AQUATIC PEST CONTROL
Objectives: To develop effective methods of controlling un-
desirable aquatic vegetation and to study the biological and
chemical effects of herbicides.
Procedures: Problems associated with aquatic vegetation
control will be investigated as follows: 1. Effects of diuron (Kar-
rnex) treatments on ponds (Job No. 1)2. Control of Eurasian mil-
foil (Job No. 2)
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
2.0156, CONTROL OF EURASIAN MILFOIL
J.R. WHITLEY, State Dept. of Conserv., Jefferson City, Missouri
65102
Objectives: To determine the best method of controlling
Eurasian Milfoil in Lake of the Ozarks.
Procedures: Open water test plots will be established in
heavy stands of milfoil to determine the optimum application rate
of 2,4-D compounds which will give satisfactory control.
An effort will be made to measure the increase in area af-
fected by milfoil in 1969. Only a few acres were obvious in Lake
of the Ozarks in 1967, and approximately 300 acres were present
in 1968.
Efforts will be directed towards finding a biological control
method for Eurasian Milfoil.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
2.0157, CONTROL AND UTILIZATION OF AQUATIC
PLANTS
J.R. WHITLEY, State Dept. of Conserv., Jefferson City, Missouri
65102
Objective: To identify Missouri aquatic plants, plot their dis-
tribution, classify them as desirable or undesirable in fishing
ponds and lakes and develop methods of control for undesirable
species.
Procedures: Prepare an aquatic plant manual for Missouri
which will include color and black and white photographs for
identification and a section on the beneficial or problem charac-
teristics of each species as related to fishing ponds and lakes. Dis-
tribution patterns will be determined from plant collections made
by regional fishery biologists and other specialists and from exist-
ing records in the literature and in the University of Missouri her-
barium.
Some desirable aquatic plants seem to have the ability to
restrict the growth of other nearby plants. Desirable aquatic
plants will be introduced into existing populations of undesirable
plants by transplanting growing plants, rootstocks or seed. A se-
ries of new ponds or lakes which are devoid of vegetation will be
planted with desirable plants as soon as they fill to determine if
undesirable populations can be prevented from developing.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
2.0158, CONTROL OF CANADA THISTLE AND WATER
WEEDS
J.M. HODGSON, Montana State University, Agricultural Experi-
ment Sta,, Bozeman, Montana 59715
The life cycle and growth habits of Canada Thistle and Reed
canary grass are being studied. Chemicals for the control of these
weeds are being evaluated at the several locations on non-
cropland and the effects of differing climatic conditions are being
observed. Selective treatments for control of Reed canary grass in
Kentucky bluegrass and other grass species are made at Bozeman
and Huntley, Montana. Promising herbicides for control of sub-
mersed pondweeds in irrigation systems are being evaluated.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Reclamation
2.0159, STUDIES IN SOILS, CROPS, WATER MANAGE-
MENT AND WEED CONTROL UNDER IRRIGATED CONDI-
TIONS
J.M. HODGSON, Montana State University, School of Engineer-
ing, Bozeman, Montana 59715
The life cycle and growth habits of Canada thistle and Reed
canary grass are being studied and promising herbicides for con-
trol of submersed pondweeds in irrigation systems are being eval-
uated.
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2. AQUATIC PEST CONTROL
Evaluation of gravity irrigation efficiency factors for border
dikes and furrow irrigation and application of the developed em-
pirical equation as affecting Huntley Project irrigation system.
Power requirement changes resulting from application of various
levels of calcium. Reclamation of alkali and saline soils.
Salt and water movement in a salt garden on the Huntley Pro-
ject is being studied. Specific effects of relative concentrations of
Na ion and Mg ion on plants are being observed. The returns from
irrigated pastures on saline soils in the Huntley Project are being
determined.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Reclamation
2.0160, CONTROL OF WEEDS IN AQUATIC AND NON-
CROP AREAS IN THE UPPER MISSOURI RIVER BASIN
J.M. HODGSON, Montana State University, U.S.D.A. Crops
Research Div., Bozeman, Montana 59715 (0710-02-06)
OBJECTIVE: Develop information on the control of impor-
tant aquatic and bank weeds in irrigation canals, reservoirs, and
farm ponds and other non-crop areas. Develop improved equip-
ment and techniques for evaluation of control measures and for
weed control.
APPROACH: Conduct herbicide evaluation trials for control
of aquatic and bank weeds including greenhouse and field appli-
cations. Characterize the possible occurrence and level of pollu-
tion of irrigation waters and subsequently irrigated crops by her-
bicides following weed control treatments. Gather ecological in-
formation on important weeds, evaluate competitiveness of
desirable ditchbank species and determine their ability to inhibit
weeds under various schemes of management. Evaluate various
biological agents for control of weeds.
PROGRESS: The lipids present on the leaf surfaces of
Canada thistles were sampled by hexane-ether extraction. The
amount of lipid present was significantly affected by field site.
Plants from the site of highest humidity and lowest mean tempera-
tures produced the least lipids on the leaves. Different ecotypes of
Canada thistle also yielded significantly different amounts of lipid
as an average of all locations. These ecotypes also differed signifi-
cantly in leaf weight per square centimeter, however, there was
no correlation between leaf weight and lipid yield. There was a
significant positive correlation of amount of lipid present on the
leaves and response to 2,4-D at the Bozeman site which was the
only site for which 2,4-D data was available. Picloram and dicam-
ba gave effective control of Canada thistle and were not improved
in toxicity by combining them with 2,4-D or 2,4-dichloro-6-(0-
chloroanilino)-s-triazine. Irrigation water carrying known con-
centrations of the herbicide fenac had no effect on yield of alfalfa,
sweet corn, sugarbeets or sweet corn with rates of fenac up to .9
Ib/A. Spring wheat yield in these treatments was reduced in yield
at the .9 Ib/A rate but was not affected by lighter rates that were
included.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - A.R.S. C.R.
2.0161, RESPONSE OF PLANT COMMUNITIES TO
SUSTAINED USE OF HERBICIDES
J.M. HODGSON, Montana State University, Agricultural Experi-
ment Sta., Bozeman, Montana 59715 (MONB00333)
OBJECTIVE: Determine effects of repetitive application or
persistent pollutional levels of herbicides on plant communities.
APPROACH: The purpose is to develop information on the
influence of herbicides on ditchbank ecosystems. An attempt will
be made to identify factors necessary to encourage desirable low-
growing vegetation on ditchbanks and determine the possible
contamination of irrigation water resulting from herbicidal treat-
ments of ditchbanks ecosytems. Potential selective herbicides
such as dalapon, amitrole, TCA, and dicamba will be applied an-
nually to weed infestations on ditchbanks or to field-grown
plantings of species from ditchbank ecosystems. Stand composi-
tion of plants before and after treatments will be evaluated by the
line transect or quadrat count procedures. Treatments will be
designed to encourage establishment low-growing grass species
and control or eliminate tall-growing broadleaved or grass species
that interfere with water delivery. Ditch water and soil samples
will be analyzed for possible contamination.
PROGRESS: In this initial period plant materials have been
established in the field and a review of the literature concerning
the approach to this problem has been completed. The first data
from this experiment will be obtained in the 1970 field growing
season.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - C.S.R.S.
2.0162, BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF AQUATIC WEEDS
D.N. RIEMER, Rutgers the State University, Agricultural Experi-
ment Sta., New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903 (NJ00144)
OBJECTIVE: Determine incidence and distribution of vari-
ous aquatic weeds in relation to varying ecological conditions,
natural and imposed; life histories and ecological requirements of
aquatic weeds, especially their control by herbicides or by other
manipulative practices; and behavior of herbicides in an aquatic
environment and to determine their effectiveness against various
species of aquatic plants. Develop safe and economic control
measures.
APPROACH: Life histories and ecological requirements of
important aquatic weed species and modes of reproduction under
varying environmental conditions will be studied in the laboratory
and in the field. Activity, retention, movement and degradation of
weed control chemicals in plants, water and substrate will be stu-
died. Information obtained will be used in the development of
safe, effective and economic methods for the control of aquatic
weeds.
PROGRESS: Spatterdock (Nuphar advena) is difficult to
control with herbicides because of rapid regrowth from the large
rhizome. Experiments were conducted to determine the effects of
adding an experimental growth regulator to 2, 4-D and applying
the combination to spatterdock. At the rates used, the growth
regulator caused more rapid and extensive regrowth than that
which occurred in plots treated with 2,4-D alone. Field studies
with common reed (Phragmites communis) indicate that two
half-doses of the herbicide dalapon may be more effective than
the same amount of herbicide applied as a single dose. This
response is especially noticeable the year following treatment. Ar-
rowarum (Peltandra virginica) seeds will not tolerate freezing and
will not germinate until the pericarps have been removed. Studies
are underway to investigate the nitrification of dried aquatic weed
tissues when added to soil. Some species nitrify well while other
species nitrify poorly despite relatively high nitrogen contents in
the tissues. Samples of bottom mud collected from ponds with a
known history of copper sulfate treatment. These samples will be
analyzed to determine how much copper is in them and a known
of how tightly it is bound to the soil.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - C.S.R.S.
2.0163, WATERLEVEL MANAGEMENT ON IMPOUND-
MENTS OF LOW QUALITY SOILS
P.M. TOURINE, State Div. of Fi. Gm. & Shfsh., Trenton, New
Jersey 08625
Objectives: To study the effects of drawdown and fertiliza-
tion on smartweed Polygonum hydropiperoides.
Procedures: Previously estalished plots at Success Lake will
be used to continue the study of the fertilizer requirements of
smartweed and the effects of drawdown. This work will be carried
out in cooperation with Dr. Stephen Toth. Plant and seed analysis
will be conducted in the Rutgers Lab. by Dr. Toth. Where neces-
sary, herbicides will be employed to control undesireable plant
growth.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
2.0164, BIOLOGICAL CONTROL - TAMARISK AND
OTHER PHREATOPHYTES
J.G. WATTS, New Mexico State University, Graduate School, Las
Graces, New Mexico 88001
The purpose of this study is to determine how the growth of
tamarisk and other phreatophytic non-beneficial water loving
plants can be controlled biologically. Since these plants are repor-
tedly using enormous quantities of water and the costs of control
by herbicides and mechanical methods are relatively high a study
to determine biological control measures is justified!
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A Contract No. 14-06-500-1517, dated May 16, 1968, was
executed between the Bureau of Reclamation and New Mexico
State University to provide for the study. Approximately five
years are expected to be required for this study.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Reclamation
2.0165, EVALUATION OF SOME ENVIRONMENTAL
CONDITIONS CAUSING ALGAL BLOOMS
S. AARONSON, City University of New York, School of Liberal
Arts, Flushing, New York 11367
The secretion by algae of large quantities of cellular
metabolites into the environment will be examined. Two principal
methods will be employed to evaluate the accumulation of
metabolites and secretory ability: (1) The olive-green
chrysomonad, 'Ochromonas danica', will serve as a model organ-
ism for determining the conditions of growth and stress which
lead to the accumulation of micromolecules (amino acids, nucleic
acid constituents, sugars, etc.), macromolecules (proteins,
polysaccharides, enzymes, RNA, DNA), and membranous vesi-
cles and (2) Inhibitory concentrations of metabolite analogs will
be used to select (a) for algae which can synthesize large quanti-
ties of target metabolite and (b) against specific algal groups.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. National Science Foundation
2.0166, FACTORS CONTROLLING THE GROWTH OF
THE AQUATIC WEED SALVINIA
JJ. CAUDET, State University of New York, School of Arts,
Stony Brook, New York 11790
A floating aquatic weed, 'Salvinia', has been rapidly spread-
ing into more and more areas throughout the tropics. Although
the plant originates in South America, it is not a problem in that
country. In fact, of the seven native species, six have restricted
distributions which suggests some natural factors keep 'Salvinia'
in check in South America. By studying the growth of all of the
species in sterile culture under standard conditions and in nature
it is hoped that two questions can be resolved: 1) what factors are
present in nature which restrict the spread of the plant? and 2)
which of the seven species are potential troublesome aquatic
weeds. In addition, an attempt will be made to determine whether
or not various natural and synthetic nitrogenous compounds
might be effective in controlling the growth of the plant.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. National Science Foundation
2.0167, INVESTIGATION OF AQUATIC WEED
PROBLEMS AND MEANS OF CONTROL, WITH EMPHASIS
ON BRAZILIAN WATERWEED
C.E. BOND, Oregon State University, Agricultural Experiment
Sta., Corvallis, Oregon 97331 (ORE00773)
OBJECTIVE: Determine means of controlling Brazilian
waterweed and other nuisance aquatic plants; assess impact of
control measures on recreational, industrial and domestic uses of
the bodies of water involved.
APPROACH: Screen known and potential herbicides for ac-
tivity against problem aquatic plants. Assess toxicity of herbicides
to fish and fish food organisms. Test selected herbicides in field.
Assess effect upon environment. Investigate biological, mechani-
cal and other means of control.
PROGRESS: Screening tests were conducted on 118 herbi-
cides. None of these were found to be as effective as chemicals
presently in use. Tests were begun on the relationship of the tox-
icity of certain herbicides to temperature and light quality. 36
tank studies were conducted on Elodea densa. Seven chemicals or
combinations at varying concentrations, were used in each of two
trials. The first trial was begun in mid July, the second in mid Sep-
tember. Two chemicals gave excellent control in the summer trial
but fall trials were not effective possibly because of the lower fall
temperature. The 1968 field trials in Ten-mile Lake were re-eval-
uated. The plots which were treated with diquat initially and re-
treated with dichlobenil remained essentially weed-free during
1969. Further herbicides applications were made which will be
observed in 1970.20 field plots were established in Siltcoos Lake.
Short term control was achieved. Further evaluations are
scheduled in 1970 to determine long term effects.
2. AQUATIC PEST CONTROL
SUPPORTED BY Oregon State Government - Salem
2.0168, EUTROPHICATION - EFFECT OF FLOW AUG-
MENTATION
A.F. BARTSCH, U.S. Environ. Protection Agcy., Office of Water
Programs, Corvallis, Oregon 97330
The immediate objective is to determine the effect on algal
bloom production when a nutrient-rich lake is flushed with
nutrient-deficient water. Ultimate objective is to decrease or
eliminate algal blooms in Moses Lake, Washington. One of three
branches of the lake will be flushed with low-nutrient water while
the others remain as controls. After flushing during August and
September, 1968, a year of no water diversion will follow to per-
mit determining persistence of improvement. This approach will
evaluate flushing as a remedial tool and will indicate the periods
of future water diversion needed to permanently prevent bloom
formation. Principal parameters to be investigated are as follows:
1. Water current studies at selected sites and depths. 2. Water
budget studies at selected sites and depths. 2. Water budget stu-
dies to determine extent and efficiency of flushing. 3. Turbidity
measurements and suspended solids analysis. 4. Chemical and
physical parameters to determine existence and character of ther-
mal stratification and also environment for alage. S. Qualitative
and quantitative determination of algae, including measurements
of phytoplankton pigments, biomass, and species diversity. 6.
Chemical analyses and oxygen demand studies of bottom muds.
Basic data collection and analyses will be conducted
cooperatively by FWPCA and University of Washington person-
nel. Other cooperators will be the Bureau of Reclamation and a
citizens group in the city of Moses Lake, Washington.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Environ. Protect. Agency - O.O.W.P.
2.0169, EUTROPHICATION - EFFECT OF WEED HAR-
VESTING
A.F. BARTSCH, U.S. Environ. Protection Agcy., Office of Water
Programs, Corvallis, Oregon 97330
The principal objective is to evaluate aquatic vegetation har-
vesting as a means of effectively reducing algal nutrient availabili-
ty. Harvesting and removal of aquatic vegetation is one of the
potential control measures in combating eutrophication of bodies
of water. It is a means of 'cropping off part of the excess
nutrients. Although weed harvesters have been used in the past,
no really scientific investigations have accompanied their use. In
cooperation with the Pelican River Watershed District, Min-
nesota, city of Detroit Lakes, and University of North Dakota the
effectiveness of the procedure will be evaluated. Attempt will be
made to answer such questions as: 1. What is the amount of
nutrients actually removed from a lake by weed harvesting? 2.
What happens to the energy flow of nutrients that originally went
into the plant growth? 3. What is the pattern of regrowth of the
vegetation after harvesting and do other species replace the
original ones? 4. Does the phytoplankton population change after
the higher aquatic plants are removed?
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Environ. Protect. Agency - O.O.W.P.
2.0170, EUTROPfflCATION - BIOLOGICAL CONTROL
USING GRAZERS
A.F. BARTSCH, U.S. Environ. Protection Agcy., Office of Water
Programs, Corvallis, Oregon 97330
The objective is to determine if living organisms can be found
which will harvest nuisance algae through grazing, or reduce them
through disease and parasitism. A literature review will be made
to determine the prospects for success and to identify North
American or other species as prospective candidates for grazing
trials. Promising animals will be evaluated in the laboratory or
field as appropriate.
It was the consensus of most scientists attending the recent
International Eutrophication Symposium in Madison, Wisconsin
that this is a potentially fruitful area of research. It was felt that a
biological control measure for algae could be found if sufficient
effort were expended. This has not been done to date.
Much of the effort in the F. Y. 1968 will be desk work to
learn what has been done by other researchers and to determine
who might be interested in doing work with grant research funds.
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2. AQUATIC PEST CONTROL
Other activities will include preliminary laboratory evaluation of
grazer candidates.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Environ. Protect. Agency - O.O.W.P.
2.0171, EUTROPHICATION - PHYSICAL ECOLOGICAL
CONTROL
A.F. BARTSCH, U.S. Environ. Protection Agcy., Office of Water
Programs, Corvallis, Oregon 97330
The objective is to determine if algal production can be in-
hibited by preventing thermal stratification of a lake. Prior
destratification experiments have sometimes decreased and other
times increased primary production. Because of this seeming
paradox, it is necessary to understand this phenomenon and to
utilize it if possible, as a means of preventing algal bloom forma-
tions. If total algal growth can indeed be retarded by mixing, it is
necessary to learn if a lake has to be turned over every year or at
lesser or greater intervals to give permanent relief.
Principal areas of ivnvestigation will include: 1. Measure-
ments of water movements at selected sites and depths in a lake.
2. Measurements of chemical and physical parameters that are of
importance to algal growth. 3. Measurements of algal growth.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Environ. Protect. Agency - O.O.W.P.
2.0172, EUTROPHICATION - PILOT OPERATIONS
L.P. SEYB, U.S. Environ. Protection Agcy., Office of Water Pro-
grams, Corvallis, Oregon 97330
As laboratory scale techniques are found for the control of
algae in lakes, methodology must be developed for the scale-up of
these techniques to use in field trials. Techniques of systems anal-
ysis and economics will be used in shifting from small scale to full
scale demonstrations. It is an objective to plan the groundwork
for this development.
It is anticipated that an engineer will be employed during the
last quarter of F. Y. 1968 to work with personnel assigned to sub
projects in the eutrophication program.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Environ. Protect. Agency - O.O.W.P.
2.0173, NATURAL ENEMIES OF EURASIAN WATERM1L-
FOIL IN PAKISTAN
M.A. GHANI, Comm. Inst. of Biolog. Control, Rawalpindi,
Pakistan (480A17ENT13)
OBJECTIVE: Find and evaluate insects and other organisms
that feed on or otherwise injure Eurasian watermilfoil in Pakistan,
and study the life histories, ecological requirements, and degree
of host specificity of species that show promise sufficient to war-
rant consideration for introduction into the United States.
APPROACH: Insects and other organisms associated with
watermilfoil will be studied in several locations in East and West
Pakistan throughout the year. Samples will be collected and
identified. Species showing promise will be studied in detail. The
studies will develop information on life history, ecological
requirements, degree of host specificity, and on how the species
can be best shipped to the United States for further studies that
may be required prior to release.
PROGRESS: No progress reported this period (active pro-
ject).
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - A.R.S. E.N.T
2.0174, THE ROLE OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN THE
MANAGEMENT OF NUISANCE GROWTHS
R. PATRICK, Acad. of Nat. Sci. of Phila., Philadelphia, Pennsyl-
vania 19103
The purpose of this project is to determine if more favorable
conditions for growth of species of algae which are a desirable
food source can be provided by manipulating the trace nutrients.
There are indications that by controlling concentrations of man-
ganese the development of diatoms rather than some of the less
desirable green and blue-green algae can be brought about.
In this proposed program of work we wish to study the effect
of various concentrations of carbon dioxide, boron, vanadium,
nickel, chromium, and selenium on the development of various
kinds of algae under nutrient enriched conditions. The concentra-
tion of chemicals under test will be determined by analyses each
day or more frequently if desirable. Temperature and pH will be
continually monitored. Light exposure and day length will be
determined. Each chamical will be studied under different condi-
tions of temperature, day length, and pH. The algal communities
will be examined each day and all predators other than micro-
scopic ones will be removed. The microscopic ones will be ex-
amined as to algal species they are ingesting. Biomass of algae;
diversity of algal populations; and structure of the diatom com-
munities will be determined.
This work is being performed at the field station of the Lim-
nology Department-trie Stroud Water Research Center.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Environ. Protect. Agency - O.O.W.P.
2.0175, THE CRAYFISH (ORCONECTES CAUSEYI) AS A
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF AQUATIC VEGETATION
L.F. THOMPSON, State Dept. of Game Fish & Pk., Pierre, South
Dakota 51501
Objectives: To determine the feasibility of the Crayfish (Or-
conectes causey i) as a biological control of aquatic vegetation in
South Dakota.
Procedures: To determine the character of the ecosystem
prior to the introduction of Orconectes causeyi it will be necessa-
ry to measure the following parameters: 1. Physical features of the
lake by mapping; 2. Fish populations by netting; 3. Other species
of crayfish and benthos; 4. Extent and types of aquatic vegetation
throughout the summer; 5. Food habits of the fish by stomach
sampling.
To determine the effects of the crayfish (Orconectes
causeyi) on aquatic vegetation after they are introduced in the fall
of 1969, the above mentioned parameters plus monitoring all life
stages of the crayfish throughout the year will be necessary.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
2.0176, WEED CONTROL IN RICE FIELDS AND
PASTURE LANDS IN THE GULF COAST AREA
W.T. FLINCHUM, Rice Pasture Res. & Ext. Ctr., Beaumont,
Texas 77706 (TEXO1216)
OBJECTIVE: Evaluate and compare commercially recog-
nized chemical weed killers with cultural and mechanical weed
control practices as related to growth, yields and quality of rice.
Determine the place of chemical weed control methods in pasture
management. Determine a practical method of controlling
vegetation of levees, irrigation and drainage ditches, road sides
and fence rows. The study of the life history of rice and the vari-
ous weeds in order to apply the principles of weed control in rice
and pastures in a more practical and economical manner.
APPROACH: Experiments will be conducted under ap-
proved statistical designs. Data will be taken on rice growth,
maturity, quality and yield on the effectiveness of control of dif-
ferent weeds present in the test in both rice fields and pasture
lands. Data will be recorded and analyzed. Greenhouse and
preliminary small plot screening test will precede most field tests
to obtain information on efficacy and selectivity.
PROGRESS: Numerous experimental compounds were in-
cluded in the primary evaluation trials. These compounds were
evaluated for their efficacy in the control of weeds and their
selectivity to rice when seeded by two different methods. Five
chemicals at various rates applied preemergence to drill and
broadcast seeded rice were equal to or better than postemergence
applications of propanil. Residue experiments have been con-
cluded on propanil and the phenoxy herbicides and samples have
been submitted for analysis in order that new labels may be writ-
ten with established tolerance to comply with pesticide laws.
KN(3) has been developed for the control of an aquatic weed
(ducksalad) in rice, but suggested farmer use awaits label
clearance. One experimental chemical applied preemergence has
shown some promise in the control of dayflowerT
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SUPPORTED BY Texas State Government - Austin
2.0177, ALGACIDES FOR USE IN WATER RECLAMA-
TION AND REUSE SYSTEMS
B.D. COMBS, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bur. of Sport Fish. &
Wildlife, Longview, Washington 98632
An algacide is needed for use in water reclamation and reuse
systems which will not harm the nitrifying bacterial culture in the
filter beds. Potential algacides will be tested in model water recla-
mation and reuse systems to determine effectiveness, treatment
level, and frequency of treatment required. When suitable alga-
cides are found from the model experiments, large-scale tests will
be conducted in a production system.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
2.0178, CONTROL OF WEEDS IN AQUATIC AND NON-
CROP AREAS IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST
V.F. BRUNS, Irrigation Ag. Res. & Ex. Ctr., Prosser, Washington
(0710-02-08)
OBJECTIVE: Develop more effective, safe, and economical
methods for controlling weeds in aquatic and noncrop areas.
Determine effect of herbicides in irrigation water on crops. Deter-
mine fate of herbicides in aquatic environments and in crops ir-
rigated with treated water. Determine influence of ecological and
physiological factors in control of weeds in aquatic and noncrop
areas.
APPROACH: Evaluate chemical, mechanical, and biological
methods of weed control. Treat selected canals and lakes with
herbicides, determine effects on aquatic biota, and analyze
samplings for herbicide residues. Irrigate crops with water con-
taining herbicides, observe symptoms, determine yields, and
analyze sampling for residues. Determine longevity of certain
weed seeds in water and bottom soil. Study life history and
physiology of selected weeds. Determine relations between car-
bohydrate reserves and effectiveness of control methods. Survey
canals and impounded bodies of water to determine existing
populations of aquatic and bank plants in various ecological situa-
tions. Repeat surveys to determine plant successions.
PROGRESS: Seventeen weekly xylene treatments initiated 2
weeks after emergence from tubers killed all sago pondweed.
Under clipping or xylene treatments, usually the basal sago pond-
weed tuber of subterranean chains sprouted first and the end
tuber remained dormant. No seed of foxtail barley, salt cedar, ar-
royo willow, wheat, or rye germinated after 3 mo in water, but
some cattail seed germinated after 5 yr. Three sprinkler applica-
tions of fenac at .016, .03, or .16 ppmw in 2 in of water injured
potatoes, beans, and soybeans. Only .16 ppmw reduced yields.
Sugarbeets, corn, and sorghum were not injured. Carbohydrates
in reed canarygrass roots and rhizomes were lowest (26% of total
solids) at flowering and highest (36.5%) in January. Ten applica-
tions of paraquat at 1 Ib/A, or 3 of dalapon at 20 Ib/A or amitrole-
T at 4 Ib/A reduced the carbohydrates 50, 46, and 27%, respec-
tively. Only 0.7% of canarygrass seeds stored dry at 72 F ger-
minated after 1 yr, but 96 to 99% germinated when stored at 72 F
in damp sand or at 34 F in damp sand or air. Density of shoots
produced in 1 season from single rhizome buds of 6 canarygrass
selections ranged from 847 to 2564 per sq. meter.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - A.R.S. - C.R.
2.0179, WEED CONTROL IN IRRIGATED HORTICUL-
TURAL CROPS IN WASHINGTON
A.G. OGG, Washington State University, Agricultural Experi-
ment Sta., Pullman, Washington 99163 (WNP00036)
OBJECTIVE: Develop effective measures for controlling an-
nual and perennial weeds in irrigated horticultural crops in
Washington. Determine soil residues of persistent herbicides and
relate to succeeding crop production. Evaluate the effect of cer-
tain weeds on the growth, development, and production of ir-
rigated horticultural crops.
APPROACH: New or promising herbicides, alone or in com-
bination with various cultural methods will be examined for an-
nual and perennial weed control on research units and in
coopera'ors, fields. Generally, percent weed control, crop
2. AQUATIC PEST CONTROL
tolerance, and yield will be used to evaluate the various weed con-
trol measures. Whenever possible, weed control measures will be
evaluated under both furrow and sprinkler irrigation practices.
Residues of soil persistent herbicides will be determined by
analytical or biological methods and any residues found will be re-
lated to the production of succeeding crops. Soil fumigation will
be thoroughly investigated as a method of controlling perennial
weeds in irrigated cropland. Such factors as type of fumigant,
rate, timing and depth of injection will be examined. Physiological
and ecological studies will be conducted with certain troublesome
weeds found in irrigated horticultural crops. Results will be used
to develop improved weed control measures.
SUPPORTED BY Washington State Government - Olympia
2.0180, NUISANCE ALGAL GROWTH RELATED TO EN-
VIRONMENTAL FACTORS
E.B. WELCH, Univ. of Washington, School of Engineering, Seat-
tle, Washington 98105
A study of the relationship between pertinent environmental
factors and the growth of nuisance algae in a highly eutrophic
lake is proposed. The relative importance of light intensity, tem-
perature, nitrate nitrogen and phosphate-phosphorus contents,
degree of thermal stratification and detention time of the water in
determining growth and species succession of the algae will be
studied by field observation and statistical treatment of the data.
As a potential method of algal control, the effect of nutrient dilu-
tion, with low-nutrient water, the presence of lake sediment, and
water detention time on growth and species selection will be stu-
died by in situ experiments in plastic bags. The usefulness of
monitoring algal productivity in a lake by continuous measure-
ments of dissolved oxygen in the surface water will be evaluated
against the light- and dark-bottle method.
This study has particular relevance because of the future
potential to evaluate flushing as a method of eutrophication con-
trol in Moses Lake.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - O. Wtr. Res. Rch.
2.0181, IMPROVING SURFACE WATER CONDITIONS
THROUGH CONTROL AND DISPOSAL OF AQUATIC
VEGETATION, PHASE D
H.D. BRUHN, Univ. of Wisconsin, School of Agriculture, Madis-
on, Wisconsin
The initial phase of this research project has investigated
methods for the efficient mechanical processing and disposal of
cut aquatic vegetation. Phase II of the program proposes to apply
the results from the initial phase to the design, construction, and
test operation of a pilot system for harvesting, processing, and
disposal. The ultimate objective is the same as that in the original
proposal — 'to present feasible alternatives to time consuming and
expensive handling and disposal methods, now commonly used,
which are at the same time compatible with effective overall
water management'.
It is planned to investigate in greater detail experimental
processing and disposal procedures which have shown promise in
tests to date. As substantial quantities of processed materials
become available, utilization studies will be initiated, e.g., use of
the press residue as an animal feed or a soil conditioner.
A second major effort will be the development of design
criteria for higher speed cutting and collection systems. For effi-
cient coverage in large, open lake areas, both rapid cutting and
collection and rapid processing and disposal are required.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - O. Wtr. Res. Rch.
2.0182, IMPROVING SURFACE WATER CONDITIONS
THROUGH CONTROL AND DISPOSAL OF AQUATIC
VEGETATION
H.D. BRUHN, Univ. of Wisconsin, Agricultural Experiment Sta.,
Madison, Wisconsin (WKQ1516)
OBJECTIVE: Mechanize the harvesting and transportation
of aquatic vegetation to reduce to a minimum the costs of labor,
equipment, and the disposal of the residue.
1-99
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2. AQUATIC PEST CONTROL
APPROACH: Study dewatering procedures involving
chopping, grinding, crushing and centrifuging to reduce the
moisture content to a level at which dry matter combustion will
be essentially self- sustaining. Study methods of liquifying aquatic
vegetation making fluid type flow possible with subsequent treat-
ment comparable to sewage disposal processes.
SUPPORTED BY Wisconsin State Government - Madison
2.0183, CHANGES IN WATER ENVIRONMENT RESULT-
ING FROM AQUATIC PLANT CONTROL
G. COTTAM, Univ. of Wisconsin, Graduate School, Madison,
Wisconsin
The effect of harvesting aquatic macrophytes was studied
over a three year period by means of two plots, each 30 m by 30 m
located in University Bay on Lake Mendota, Wisconsin. The plots
were subdivided into nine compartments and were treated as fol-
lows: 1) Harvested 3 times, in June, July, and August. 2) Har-
vested twice, a) in June and July, b) in July and August. 3) Har-
vested once, a) in June, b) in July, c) in August. These plots, and
their controls, were sampled four times, in June, July, August, and
September. Sampling was done with SCUBA apparatus. The
plants were cut six inches (IS cm.) above the bottom surface and
were weighed and measured. The results indicate that one har-
vesting will reduce the amount of regrowth to about SO per cent
of that of the controls, two harvests will result in about 75 per
cent reduction, and three harvests almost totally eliminated the
plants for that year. Recommendations for harvesting heavily
used areas are two harvests, one in mid June, and the other in
July. August harvesting is not necessary in this climate, since the
plants tend to break up regardless of treatment. None of the treat-
ments had an appreciable effect on the subsequent years growth,
even after two years of harvesting three times.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - O. Wtr. Res. Ren.
2.0184, LYSIS OF BLUE-GREEN ALGAE BY BACTERIAL
ENZYMES AND THEIR POSSIBLE USE IN CONTROLLING
ALGAL BLOOMS
J.C. ENSIGN, Univ. of Wisconsin, Agricultural Experiment Sta.,
Madison, Wisconsin (WIS01696)
OBJECTIVE: An inevitable consequence of pollution of
water is the growth of blue-green algae. Large growth (blooms)
come and go at periodic intervals. This project involves determin-
ing the role of blue- green algae degrading bacteria in the bloom
disappearance. The enzymes involved will be isolated and stu-
died. The feasibility of using them as algal control agents will be
determined.
APPROACH: The numbers of blue-green algae and bacteria
capable of lysing them will be determined in Lake Mendota,
Wisconsin. Plates containing Anacystis and Anabaena will be in-
oculated with lake water and the plaques (lytic zones) counted.
Bacteria capable of degrading blue- green algae have been iso-
lated in this laboratory. The enzymes will be isolated and purified
by conventional techinques. The mechanism by which they lyse
algal cell walls will be determined. The enzymes will be tested in
the laboratory and in the field to see if it is practical to use them to
control the growth of algae. The effects on fish and other aquatic
life will be determined.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - C.S.R.S.
2.0185, CHEMICAL CONTROL OF AQUATIC WEED
NUISANCES
D.R. KEENEY, Univ. of Wisconsin, Agricultural Experiment Sta.,
Madison, Wisconsin (WIS01600)
OBJECTIVE: Evaluate aquatic herbicides in laboratory,
growth chamber and natural environments with respect to herbi-
cide specificity and degradability and the toxicity of the parent
compounds and their degradation products in aquatic systems, in-
creasing herbicide effectiveness by developing slow-release for-
mulations, and effect of weed control on nutrient changes in
lakes.
APPROACH: Available organic herbicides will be evaluated
for their specificity and activity against common Wisconsin
weeds and the toxicity of their degradation products
mned Attempts will be ^de to develop co^oUed release
formulations of prornising aquatic herbicides. Artificial ™P°und.
ments will be established in growth chambers and the biotron, and
effects of weed kill on the nutrient status of the water and sedi-
ment will be elucidated. The principles developed in the above in-
vestigations will be tested in weed infested Wisconsin Lakes in
cooperation with the Wisconsin Department of Natural
Resources.
PROGRESS: Release of N and P from entothau-treated
watermilfoil (MyriophyUum spicatum L.) was investigated using
model sediment-water systems in the laboratory. The effect of
sediment, sediment type, and aeration were included in the in-
vestigation. Without aeration, plant decomposition decreased the
dissolved oxygen content markedly. The decomposing plants lost
up to 80% of their weight in 10 weeks. The nitrogen percentage in
the plant residue more than doubled while percent P decreased by
about 20% in 6 weeks. Up to 70% of the P in the weeds was
released by 6 weeks while about 50% of the N had been lost.
More rapid release of N and P occurred in the presence of sedi-
ment than in lake water alone, and under aerated than non-
aerated conditions.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - C.S.R.S.
2.0186, METHODS FOR CONTROLLING ALLIGATOR.
WEED AND OTHER WEEDS IN CANALS, WATERWAYS,
AND ADJACENT WATERS IN THE SOUTHEASTERN U. S.
F.L. TIMMONS, Univ. of Wyoming, U.S.D.A. Crops Research
Div., Laramie, Wyoming 82070
Research is conducted under laboratory, greenhouse, and
field conditions to develop chemical and biological methods for
the control of alligatorweed and other aquatic weeds such as
water hyacinth, water lettuce, naiad, and others which clog
navigation channels, irrigation and drainage ditches, and other
waters in the Southeastern States and which interfere with boat-
ing, fishing, hunting, and other recreational activities. The
research is conducted by the U. S. Department of Agriculture in
cooperation with the Departments of the Army; Interior; and
Health, Education and Welfare; the Florida U. S. Department of
Agriculture in cooperation with the Department's Agricultural
Experiment Station; Central and Southern Florida Flood Control
District; Florida Fish and Game Commission, and other interested
agencies including chemical companies. New and promising her-
bicides are evaluated for their effectiveness in controlling dif-
flcult-to-kill aquatic weeds in relation to environmental in-
fluences and including studies on factors affecting the absorption,
translocation, and effectiveness of the chemicals and their disap-
pearance pattern in water. The above studies and research on the
Marisa snail and other biological control agents for aquatic weeds
are conducted in Florida and adjoining states.
Work is also conducted in South America to find insects with
sufficient specificity in their feeding habits to suppress alligator-
weed and water hyacinth without causing any damage to benefi-
cial ornamental plants, crop plants, or other valuable plants.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Defense - Army
2.0187, CONTROL OF AQUATIC AND NONCROPLAND
WEEDS IN WYOMING, COLORADO, AND NEBRASKA
F.L. TIMMONS, Univ. of Wyoming, U.S.D.A. Crops Research
Div., Laramie, Wyoming 82070 (0710-02-09)
OBJECTIVE: Determine effectiveness and feasibility of soil-
applied materials for control of aquatic plants. Develop practical
and economic methods of controlling aquatic and ditchbank
weeds and phreatophytes. Determine persistence and residual
properties of the more effective herbicides in water and hydrosoil.
APPROACH: Make surface and incorporated application of
herbicidal materials to the soil of irrigation ditches and lakes.
Select promising herbicides and vary rate, method, and time of
application m studies on control of specific weed pests. Use ob-
servation and bioassay techniques in recording residual properties
of the materials. Study the ecology and life histories of important
weeds as related to their control. Follow herbicide treatments
with seeding of desirable plants and selective weed control by
chemical and mechanical methods to develop long-range weed
control by plant competition. * 6
1-100
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PROGRESS: Observations in 1969 showed that after annual
treatments for 4 years, combinations with dalapon gave less
satisfactory control of cattail than did those with amitrole and
2,4-D. Amitrole and 2,4-D, each followed by 2,4-D, gave 99%
control. Dalapon followed by amitrole- T gave 91% control;
dalapon followed by dalapon gave 40% control; and amitrole-T
followed by either compound gave 75% control. Initial treatments
in 1965 were dalapon 20 Ib/A, amitrole 12 Ib/A, 2,4-D 12 Ib/A. In
1966, 1967, and 1969 additional treatments of dalapon at 10
Ib/A, amitrole 6 Ib/A, and 2,4-D 8 Ib/A were made on subplots.
Two years after rototilling there was 90% control of Carex in a
light soil and less than 10% control in a heavier soil. Each of seven
herbicides applied before rototilling increased the control to 80%
or better in the heavier soil while four materials increased the
control to 100% in the light soil. Without tillage, bromacil gave
90% control while other herbicides gave 60% or less control. Two
years after annual post- emergence treatments with isocil,
bromacil, and terbacil at 8 Ib/A, there was 100% control of Carex.
Five herbicides gave only 50% control of Carex. Three years after
granular, soil-surface application of picloram at 2 1/2, 5, and 10
Ib/A, the control of saltcedar was 92,97, and 100%, respectively.
Fenuron at 8 and 16 Ib/A gave 90 and 100% control. Fenac at 10
and 20 Ib/A gave 50 and 80% control.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - A.R.S. - C.R.
2.0188, NATURAL ENEMIES OF MYRIOPHYLLUM
SPICATUM IN YUGOSLAVIA
M. LEKIC, Inst. for Plant Protection, Belgrade, Yugoslavia
(480E30ENT10)
OBJECTIVE: Find and evaluate insect and other natural
enemies of the aquatic plant Myriophyllum spicatum in Yu-
goslavia and determine their suitability for introduction into the
United States.
APPROACH: An ecological study will be made of habitats in
Yugoslavia where Eurasian watermilfoil and other species of
Myriophyllum occur. Insects or other organisms attacking the
plant in ways that influence its abundance and dispersal will be
determined. Life cycles of promising enemy species will be stu-
died and tests will be conducted to determine their degree of host
specificity. Species found to be useful and safe for introduction to
United States will be sent to the USDA upon request.
PROGRESS: Ecological and life history studies of
Myriophyllum continued. The weed was found in many new
areas. In Yugoslavia, it is a problem usually only in canal and
pond situations; it has been found in newly-built hydroelectric im-
poundments, but has not yet become a serious problem. A total of
15 species of insects have now been found feeding to some extent
on milfoil — 6 pyralid moths, 6 weevils, 2 aphids, and a
chironomid. Of these, only the caterpillar Parapoynx stratiotata
and the weevil Litodactylus leucogaster are found in sufficient
numbers on the weed and are sufficiently specific to be promising
control agents. The weevil causes less damage to the weed than
does the moth; it has been found only on Myriophyllum spp. in
Yugoslavia. Biological and ecological studies on the weevil were
made, and preliminary specificity tests begun; no larval feeding
occurred on the 5 test plants. A detailed biological study of
Parapoynx was made. This caterpillar has been found only on
Myriophyllum spicatum, M. verticilatum, and Ceratophyllum
demersum in Yugoslavia. It has been reared in the laboratory
from individual plants of these and 7 other plant species. But
when reared in the presence of all 10 test plants, Parapoynx fed
only on M. spicatum (90%) and M. verticilatum (10%). Labora-
tory infection of Myriophyllum with 4 species of Fusarium was
successful and the fungi conidia remained virulent under labora-
tory conditions. These 4, and 3 other species belonging to other
genera were the most important fungi found on milfoil.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - A.R.S. - E.N.T
2C. FISH
(Control of Lamprey or Rough Fish or the Chemical Manipulation of Fish
Populations for Sampling Harvesting or Transferring Purposes)
2.0189, EXPERIMENTAL USE OF PESTICIDES FOR
FISHERIES MANAGEMENT PURPOSES
1. LINN, State Dept of Fish & Game, Sacramento, California
95819
2. AQUATIC PEST CONTROL
Study Objectives: Assist in the development of methods to
enhance beneficial fish and wildlife populations through the use
of pesticide for selective habitat development and control of un-
desirable fish and wildlife populations.
Job Objectives: To locate and test suitable candidate toxi-
cants for use in removing or reducing unwanted fish populations.
Procedures: Search the literature and contact research
groups now developing and testing new pesticides for possible
candidate materials. Obtain adequate data, either from other
agencies or by testing at the Field Stations or in the field, to deter-
mine toxicity to fish of selected candidate materials. Provide
technical assistance to regional personnel in the field testing of
selected materials.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
2.0190, SMALL IMPOUNDMENT STOCKING
D.T. WEBER, State Div. of Game Fish & Pks., Fort Collins,
Colorado 80521
Procedures: 1. To collect basic survey data from 8 of the
Banner Lakes. 2. To eradicate the fish population from 5 of the
lakes surveyed under Procedure 1. 3. To stock bass only in 2 of
the 5 lakes eradicated under Procedure 2 and bass-bullheads in
the remaining 3 lakes. 4. To maintain stocking of conglomerate
species in the remaining 3 lakes to serve as controls. 5. To mea-
sure harvest from the lakes under study after each is stocked.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
2.0191, STUDIES OF SHARK REPELLENTS AND OTHER
ANTISHARK MEASURES
H.D. BALDRIDGE, U.S. Navy, Aerospace Medical Inst., Pen-
sacola, Florida 32512
The predatory habits of sharks represent both a physical, as
well as psychological hazard to naval personnel engaged in
swimmer/diver operations, recreation or survival. Behavioral
responses by sharks to physico-chemical factors introduced into
their environment are being evaluated, in terms of possible effec-
tiveness as shark deterrents, by the principal investigator. A cen-
tral clearing house, with an automatic data processing method for
assimilating shark attack reports received from all over the world
will provide important background details beneficial to shark stu-
dies.
Laboratory and field tests of chemical and physical shark
deterrents are being conducted at Mote Marine Laboratory in
Florida and the Lerner Marine Laboratory in the Bahamas. The
behavioral responses of sharks to known concentrations of drugs
and shark repellents are being evaluated. Of particular interest
will be any relationship of chemical repellents to feeding inhibi-
tion of relatively excited hungry adult sharks in the presence of an
attractive food source. Data processing of the international shark
attack file will continue.
Procedures for assimilating and codifying information in the
international shark attack file have been expanded and refined to
permit analysis of some 1,500 files, ranging in content from
newspaper clippings to detailed scientific reports. Data collected
in earlier studies on the responses elicited from young lemon
sharks by waterborne drugs (MS-222, quinaldine, strychnine and
sodium cyanide) were reduced mathematically in a manner serv-
ing to demonstrate the applicability of classical rate theory to the
study of shark deterrents.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Defense Navy
2.0192, HAUL SEINE STUDY
F.J. WARE, State Div. of Game & Fish, Tallahassee, Florida
32301
Objective: To improve sport fishing by population manipula-
tion through mechanical means.
Procedures: Intensive harvest of all fishes, excluding lar-
gemouth bass and striped bass, will be attempted in Lake Holling-
sworth (365 surface acres) by haul seining. Removal of 100-150
pounds of fish per surface acre annually is proposed, or until a
desirable population structure is achieved. Background popula-
tion studies indicate the fishery is dominated by gizzard and
threadfin shad, brown bullhead, and stunted panfish species, com-
1-101
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2. AQUATIC PEST CONTROL
prising approximately 90% of the total. It is believed the proposed
harvest would remove between 60-75% of the lake's fish popula-
tion. Haul sein specifications are as follows: length 600 yards,
depth 9 feet, wing mesh 3 inch stretch, bunt mesh 2 1/2 inch
stretch, and pocket mesh 2 inch stretch. Determinations will in-
clude the effects of haul seining on sport fishing and the qualita-
tive improvement of the fish population. Results will be evaluated
by two principal methods: (1) a non-uniform probability creel
operated in cooperation with North Carolina State University,
and (2) four 1-acre block net-rotenone samples conducted bi-an-
nually. Both evaluation methods have been initiated prior to the
seining program to establish background criteria. These data will
provide before and after estimates for fishing pressure, catch, suc-
cess, population structure and standing crops.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
2.0193, STRIPED BASS STUDIES
F.J. WARE, State Div. of Game & Fish, Tallahassee, Florida
32301
Objective: To evaluate the striped bass, Roccus saxatilis, as a
biological control of over-populated forage fish, principally giz-
zard and threadfm shad, Dorosoma cepedianum and D. pen-
tenense. Secondly, to measure the contribution of striped bass to
the sport fishery.
Procedures: The successful establishment of striped bass in
Lake Hollingsworth justifies additional research in other lakes.
Two study areas will be used. Lakes Hunter and Parker with sur-
face acreages of ICO and 2,272 respectively. Recent studies in-
dicate both lakes support shad populations in excess of 50% by
weight of the total fish. Stocking rates of fingerling striped bass
will be as follows: Lake Hunter 30 per acre 83,000); Lake Parker
10 per acre (22,720). Repetative annual stockings are to be made
at the rate of 10 fingerlings per acre to maintain successive year-
classes. Biological control of shad species will be tested in each
lake. Principal method of evaluation will be the 1-acre block net-
rotenone technique although gill nets, seines, etc., will be
frequently used to determine the status and general condition of
the striped bass. Block net sampling will be performed prior to
stocking in order to establish species composition and standing
crops. Thereafter, block net sampling (4 samples) will be con-
ducted bi-annually to monitor effects of striped bass on shad
populations. In Lake Hunter a non-uniform probability creel,
statistically designed by North Carolina State University, will be
employed to measure the shad control effects, if any, on sport
fishing and what contribution the striped bass itself makes in the
creel.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior Bu. Sport Fish.
2.0194, RESTORING 'BALANCE' WITH ROTENONE AND
FINTROL
W.W. THOMASTON, State Game & Fish Commission, Atlanta,
Georgia 30334
Study Objective: To evaluate methods of restoring 'balanced'
conditions in small impoundments to provide a satisfactory fish
harvest.
Job Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of rotenone and
Fintrol for correcting imbalance in small impoundments.
Procedures: Partial or selective poisoning using rotenone and
Fintrol will be carried out to reduce the intermediate bluegill
population or to remove undesirable species of fish. Various
techniques will be used and/or developed by project personnel in
conjunction with pond owners: Approximately 10 ponds will be
used.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
2.0195, SQUAWFISH CONTROL IN CASCADE RESER-
VOIR
R. IRIZARRY, State Fish & Game Department, Boise, Idaho
Study Objectives: To ascertain if the large scale partial eradi-
cation of squawfish spawners and fry results in decreased squawf-
ish catches and improved game fish growth and harvest. To moni-
tor the Cascade Reservoir Fisheries and provide data for manage-
ment purposes.
Job Objectives: The primary objective is to determine if the
squawfish population can be significantly reduced by annual
eradication of adults. The eradication program will be evaluated
by making before- and-after comparisons of game fish and squaw-
fish catches by anglers and in nets and by noting changes in fish
8rOWpro?edures:VSquoxin, a newly developed, selective chemical,
kills squawfish without harming trout at concentrations of 0.1
ppm A test of Squoxin in 1968 showed that the 18-mile long
North Fork of the Payette River, the major Cascade Reservoir
spawning tributary, could be successfully treated for squawfish
control. In 1970, the project biologist will monitor the movement
of squawfish into the three principal tributaries by sampling key
holes along each tributary with explosives. When it appears that
the spawning runs are in the tributaries, Squoxin will be dispensed
from drip stations. Stations will be moved progressively
downstream, leap-frog fashion, as the squawfish die upstream
(management activity). Sample stream sections will be surveyed
to estimate squawfish numbers killed and the age and sex com-
position of the run. Post-treatment sampling will establish if addi-
tional spawners move into the streams. Second treatments may be
needed but are not likely if the results of past treatments are
duplicated. Selected pools in the tributaries will be sampled with
explosives bi-monthly throughout the summer to establish if
squawfish move back into the streams. A creel census is con-
ducted to measure the total catch of game fish and squawfish. The
census clerk will estimate total daily fishing hours by making re-
peated counts of all anglers throughout the day and multiplying
the average angler count by total daylight hours. Gill net sets will
be made at established stations in mid-summer to obtain index of
abundance data on all species and to determine the vertical
stratification of game and nongame species. Growth rates and
condition factors of game fish and squawfish will be measured by
standard length-weight samples and scales obtained from the fish.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
2.0196, SOUAWFISH STUDIES-ST. JOE RIVER, IDAHO
J.F. KEATING, State Fish & Game Department, Boise, Idaho
Study Objectives: To study selected life history phases, dis-
tribution, and abundance of cutthroat trout and northern squawf-
ish in the St. Joe River and tributaries in order to provide basic in-
formation needed to develop an improved trout management pro-
gram.
To measure and evaluate the physical and biotic habitat of
the St. Joe River drainage as related to the production of fish,
primarily cuttroat trout, to provide basic information needed to
develop an improved trout management program.
To assess the desirability of a proposed Squoxin (selective
squawfish toxicant) treatment of the St. River, to determine the
need for, the extent and the timing of said treatment, and to
establish before-and-after studies to evaluate the treatment:
Job Objectives: To evaluate a Squoxin (selective squawfish
toxicant) treatment and to improve techniques and modify appli-
cation rates downward.
Procedures: We will treat the lower 30 miles of the St. River
with squoxin at a concentration of approximately 30 parts per bil-
lion in late June or early July, 1971. Last year the administered
rate was 100 parts per billion.
Squoin is forced from their original drums by air pressure (5
p.s.i.) controlled by valves. A 3-man crew will treat the river in a
35-hour period.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
2.0197, SURVIVAL AND GROWTH OF KOKANEE AND
COHO SALMON IN ANDERSON RANCH RESERVIOR
H. POLLARD, State Fish & Game Department, Boise, Idaho
Study Objectives: To evaluate the effects of annual partial
control project in which newly hatched squawfish fry along the
shoreline are treated with rotenone each summer To evaluate
kokanee salmon introductions and natural reproduction and rela-
tive benefits of the hatchery trout plantings
Job Objectives: To monitor the growth and survival of
kokanee satanon stocked ,n Anderson R|nch Reservon- ™ assess
1-102
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Procedures: Kokanee fingerlings stocked are fin clipped so
that hatchery and natural stocks can be separated in the creel and
the spawning ground surveys. Survival of planted kokanee to
maturity will be measured by estimates of spawners counted in
tributary spawning areas. Spawning runs of 6,000, 15,000 and
30,000 were noted in 1967, 1968, 1969 and 1970. Estimates of
the total angler catch of both kokanee and coho will be made
from creel census data collected in Job IH-a. Length-scale sam-
ples will be used to verifty age-class structure.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior Bu. Sport Fish.
2.0198, ROTENOIDS FROM TEPHROSIA VOGELH
W.H. TALLENT, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Northern Utilization
Res. Div., Peoria, Winois61604 (N5-5-54)
OBJECTIVE: Study the extraction, composition, analysis,
and utilization of rotenoids from Tephrosia vogelii for use in in-
secticidal and fish-killing formulations and develop specific
analytical methods for identifying individual rotenoids.
APPROACH: Develop analytical procedures for distinguish-
ing between rotenone and deguelin, and test reliability of
procedures on synthetic mixtures of rotenoids. Study the extrac-
tion, both for analysis and production, of rotenoids from T.
vogelii, considering relative merits of extraction methods selec-
tive for rotenoids versus less selective ones, followed by reasona-
ble refinement steps. Isolate and characterize individual com-
ponents suspected of having significant influence on utility of
rotenoid-containing extracts.
PROGRESS: Rotenoids can be extracted efficiently from dry
powders of Tephrosia vogelii leaves. Chloroform, methylene
chloride, and acetone were the most effective of 11 solvents for
extraction by steeping at room temperature. Hexane was least ef-
fective; yet aqueous hexane gave the purest extracts. With fresh
leaflets, which yield up to 20% more total rotenoids than dried
material, hexane is as effective as acetone in Soxhlet extractions.
Freezing leaflets reduces rotenone yield but does not significantly
alter the amount of extractable deguelin. Rotenone and deguelin
can be separated from tephrosin and several other contaminating
materials present in crude extracts by preparative-scale chro-
matography on silica gel. Deguelin of 70 to 90% purity (ul-
traviolet analysis) has been isolated from a rotenone- deficient
variety of T. vogelii. Plants of 23 varieties representing 17 species
have been grown, collected, and separated into their component
parts for study of their content of individual rotenoids. Investiga-
tion of procedures for faster and more convenient rotenoid analy-
sis also continues.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - A.R.S. - U.R.N
2.0199, BIOLOGICAL AND LIMNOLOGICAL INVENTO-
RY OF SEVEN FLOOD CONTROL RESERVOIRS IN THE
STATE OF INDIANA
D.J. MCCINTY, State Div. of Fish & Wildlife, Indianapolis, Indi-
ana 46204
The objectives of this study are to: (1) Evaluate fish eradica-
tions projects in the watersheds of large flood control reservoirs
prior to the impoundment of water; (2) Evaluate different fish
stocking methods used to determine their long range effects upon
reservoirs; (3) Determine future reservoir needs for corrective
fish management measures for fish stocking, methods of taking,
water level manipulation, and fish population controls; (4) Esti-
mate fishermen usage and harvest rate so that the sport fishery
value may be determined for economic purposes and to deter-
mine methods of increasing the angler success rate; (5) Establish
baseline data whereby the reservoirs program within Indiana can
be compared with research and management programs developed
by the other agencies, by the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, the
Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, at Fayetteville, Arkansas
and Yankton, South Dakota.
The fishery population will be inventoried by using experi-
mental gill nets, boat mounted electro-fishing gear, rotenone em-
bayments, and creel census. Monroe, Salamonie, and Mis-
sissinewa Reservoirs will be sampled yearly by use of all sampling
methods. Cataract, Raccoon, Eagle Creek, and Huntington
Reservoirs will be sampled on alternate years by gill netting and
electro-fishing. Eagle Creek and Raccoon Reservoirs will be sam-
2. AQUATIC PEST CONTROL
pled in 1970; Cataract and Raccoon Reservoirs will be sampled hi
1971. All fish collected will be counted, weighed, measured, and
scale samples taken for aging. The inventory will consist of a four
week inventory on Monroe Reservoir, one week inventories on
Huntington and Eagle Creek Reservoirs, and two week invento-
ries on all other reservoirs. Rotenone embayment samples will
consist of three embayments on Monroe Reservoir, and two em-
bayments on Salamonie and Mississinewa Reservoirs. Embay-
ment sampling will be carried out in the spring of the year. Water
temperature and water chemical data will be taken at two week
intervals.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
2.0200, STUDY OF THE SEA LAMPREY IN LOVE LAKE
K.A. HAVEY, State Dept. of In. Fish & Game, Augusta, Maine
04330
Objectives: (A) To determine size and characteristics of
adult lamprey runs, (B) To determine incidence of parasitism by
juvenile lampreys on Love Lake fish.
Procedures: Migrations of adult and juvenile lampreys will be
enumerated at the Northern Stream trap. The usual data will be
tabulated. All adult lampreys entering Love Lake will be disposed
of at the outlet trap. Records will be kept of incidence of lamprey
attacks on Love Lake fish. Inasmuch as water conditions permit,
juvenile lampreys leaving the lake in fall and spring will be
disposed of at the trap.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
2.0201, JO-MARY POND RECLAMATION
P.S. ANDREWS, State Dept. of In. Fish & Game, Bangor, Maine
Perspective: Studies of management techniques and their ef-
fects on a wild, self-sustaining brook trout population have been
underway for the past nine years at Jo-Mary Pond. Data were col-
lected on population dynamics, growth and structure of both
brook trout and rough fish (primarily white suckers, lake chubs
and creek chubs) during an extended period of closure to angling
and during alternate year closure. A complete creel census was
implemented during those periods when angling was allowed. The
objectives of testing alternate year closure as a management
technique have been met and the nature of the resultant fishery is
adequately defined. Redirection of some project objective is now
indicated.
Objectives: 1. Remove the effects of rough fish abundance on
the trout population under study. 2. Measure quantitatively the
effects of rough fish removal on a known brook trout population
on which considerable growth, survival, age structure and
production data have been compiled. 3. Continue to test various
management policies and techniques which may have broad ap-
plication in the future management of brook trout on a state-wide
basis, and measure results on the brook trout population. 4. Col-
lect specific and complete creel census data on a reclaimed pond
and measure the effects of management changes on the fishery.
Procedure: A suitable barrier dam will be constructed at the
pond outlet to prevent reestablishment of unwanted species. Prior
to reclamation, mature brook trout will be captured and held for
spawning to provide offspring of the same genetic stock for rein-
troduction to the pond. The Pond and tributaries will then be
treated with five percent emulsifiable rotenone at 0.5 ppm con-
centration. After detoxification, the pond will be restocked the
following spring with advanced fry at a rate to be determined
when brood production can be evaluated. A number of fry will be
held in the hatchery to be stocked as fall fingerlings on the follow-
ing fall. The latter will be marked and will thus provide an oppor-
tunity to determine comparative survival of unmarked spring fry.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
2.0202, ASSESSMENT OF LAKE TROUT RESTORATION
IN MICHIGAN WATERS 9f LAKE MICHIGAN, 1969-70
M. KELLER, State Fish Division, Lansing, Michigan 48926
The native lake trout stocks in Lake Michigan became ex-
tinct by the mid fifties from sea lamprey predation and over-ex-
ploitation by commercial fishermen. In Lake Michigan, programs
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2. AQUATIC PEST CONTROL
to control sea lamprey and re-establish lake trout are being car-
ried out under the auspices of the Great Lakes Fishery Commis-
sion with state and federal agencies participating. Chemical treat-
ment of sea lamprey was initiated in 1960, and present control is
believed to be at a level that will allow restocking of the lake with
salmonid species. The lake trout restoration program began in
1965, and to date over nine million yearling, finclipped fish have
been stocked. Stocking will continue until a self-reproducing
population is established. Studies on evaluating lake trout restora-
tion have been underway since 1965. Annual and semi-annual
progress reports have been presented at the annual and interim
meetings of the Great Lakes Fishery Commission on the status of
stocks. The project assessment of lake trout restoration in
Michigan waters of Lake Michigan is an expansion of past studies.
Objectives: The primary objective in assessment of lake trout
stocks is to describe their condition in Michigan waters of Lake
Michigan. An accurate appraisal of the stock will depend upon in-
formation secured from several sources: (1) Progress and effec-
tiveness of sea lamprey control by geographical areas of the lake
(2) Survival of planted trout as affected by exploitation by the
commercial and sport fisheries, and predation (3) Dispersal and
distribution of yearly groups of planted trout (4) Utilization of
food supplies, growth, maturation and spawning success by geo-
graphical areas (5) Associations with other species (6) Effects of
chlorinated hydrocarbons on the reproductive potential, survival
and growth of the species (7) Effects of internal and external
parasitism on the species (8) Economics from the sport and com-
mercial fisheries statistics.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Commerce - N.O.A.A.
2.0203, SEA LAMPREY CONTROL - LAKE MICHIGAN
CHEMICAL CONTROL
W.E. GAY LORD, U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Natl. Marine Fishe-
ries Service, Lundington, Michigan 49431
The Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, under the direction of
the Great Lakes Fishery Commission, is using selective larvicides
as an experimental method of control for sea lampreys in Lake
Michigan. The study is designed to eliminate all generations
present in the streams tributary to the lake by treatment of these
streams with chemicals, and to determine if such action will con-
trol effectively the parasitism on lake trout and other fish.
The control method requires a thorough knowledge of: the
presence and distribution of ammocete populations in tributaries;
physical characteristics and flow data of infected streams, accu-
rate bioassays and chemical analyses of the water; precise meter-
ing of the chemicals; and post-treatment surveys to measure and
analyze the effectiveness of individual treatments.
A total of 99 Lake Michigan streams contain sea lampreys.
AH streams were treated by July 1966. Treatments since then
have been repeated at approximately 4-year intervals or at inter-
vals determined from observations on the rate of reestablishment
and growth of sea lampreys.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Commerce - N.O.A.A.
2.0204, SEA LAMPREY CONTROL - LAKE HURON
CHEMICAL CONTROL
G.A. ANDERSON, U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Natl. Marine Fishe-
ries Service, Marque tie, Michigan 49855
The Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, under the direction of
the Great Lakes Fishery Commission, is using selective larvicides
as an experimental method of control for sea lampreys in Lake
Huron. The study is designed to eliminate all generations present
in the streams tributary to the lake by treatment of these streams
with chemical, and to determine if such action will control effec-
tively the parasitism on lake trout and other fish.
The control method requires a thorough knowledge of: the
presence and distribution of ammocete populations in tributaries;
physical characteristics and flow data of infected streams, accu-
rate bioassays and chemical analyses of the water; precise meter-
ing of the chemicals; and posttreatment surveys to measure and
analyze the effectiveness of individual treatments.
There are 51 tributaries along the U.S. shore of Lake Huron
known to contain sea lampreys. Three of these were treated in
1962. Treatments in this area were resumed in 1966 and 36
streams were treated.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Commerce - N.O.A.A.
2.0205, LAKE SUPERIOR CHEMICAL CONTROL OF
SEA LAMPREY
R.A. BRAEM, U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Natl. Marine Fisheries
Service, Marquette, Michigan 49855
The Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, under the direction of
the Great Lakes Fishery Commission, is using selective larvicides
as an experimental method of control for sea lampreys in Lake
Superior. The study is designed to eliminate all generations
present in the streams tributary to the lake by treatment of these
streams with chemicals, and to determine if such action will con-
trol effectively the parasitism on lake trout and other fish.
The control method requires a thorough knowledge of: the
presence and distribution of ammocete populations in tributaries;
physical characteristics and flow data of infected streams; accu-
rate bioassays and chemical analyses of the water; precise meter-
ing of the chemicals; and post-treatment surveys to measure and
analyze the effectiveness of individual treatments.
There are 75 streams tributary to the U.S. shore of Lake Su-
perior containing sea lampreys. The initial treatment of these
streams was completed in 1961. The second application was
finished in 1964. Since then treatments have been repeated at in-
tervals determined from observations on the rate of reestablish-
ment and growth of sea lamprey ammocetes.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Commerce - N.O.A.A.
2.0206, SEA LAMPREY CONTROL - AGE AND GROWTH
STUDIES
P.J. MANION, U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Natl. Marine Fisheries
Service, Marquette, Michigan 49855
The Bureau of Commercial Fisheries and the Fisheries
Research Board of Canada, under contract with the Great Lakes
Fishery Commission, are using specific larvicides hi the experi-
mental control of the parasitic sea lamprey in the Great Lakes. To
pursue an efficient and economical program to control the sea
lamprey it is essential that the larval phase of the life history be
fully documented since selective larvicides have been developed
which destroy the ammocete of the sea lampreys. This project is
designed to obtain maximum data on the growth, movement,
metamorphosis, and ecology of a known-age population of am-
mocetes established in the Big Garlic River, Marquette County,
Michigan, to compare with natural situations.
An all-weather trap was constructed below the lower limits of
the known-age population to intercept all ammocetes and
recently metamorphosed sea lamprey moving downstream.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Commerce - N.O.A.A.
2.0207, SEA LAMPREY CONTROL - REESTABLISH-
MENT STUDIES
H.A. PURVIS, U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Natl. Marine Fisheries
Service, Marquette, Michigan 49855
The Bureau of Commercial Fisheries and the Department of
Fisheries of Canada, under contract with the Great Lakes Fishery
Commission, are using specific larvicides in the experimental con-
trol of the parasitic sea lampreys in the Great Lakes. Ammocetes
of the sea lamprey demonstrate a wide variation in growth in age
at metamorphosis in streams tributary to the upper Great Lakes.
Present information indicates initial metamorphosis and migra-
tion of a year class may occur in as little as 2 years or as long as 7
years. Large streams with fast rate of larval growth pose the
greatest problem to the control problem. To effectively and
economically control the sea lamprey the selective larvicide must
be applied to each stream before the metamorphosed lampreys
migrate to the Great Lakes.
Reestablishment studies will be concentrated on the larger
streams with rapid rate of larval growth and a high potential for
producing large numbers of parasitic-phase lampreys. Data to
substantiate accurately the age at metamorphosis will depend on
the recovery of recently metamorphosed sea lampreys from popu-
lations reestablished after chemical treatment of the stream. It
will be necessary using electric shockers, chemicals, and fyke
nets, or by use of biological indices such as sex ratios growth
rates, or length of the larvae to separate ammocetes reestablished
1-104
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after chemical treatment from lampreys that may have escaped
the laivicide. Ammocetes will also be marked at a known age and
their growth and time to metamorphosis monitored.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Commerce - N.O.A.A.
2.0208, SEA LAMPREY CONTROL - ASSESSMENT
METHODS
P.C. RUGEN, U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Natl. Marine Fisheries
Service. Marquette, Michigan 49655
The Bureau of Commerical Fisheries and the Fisheries
Research Board of Canada, under contract with the Great Lakes
Fishery Commission, are using specific larvicides in the experi-
mental control of the parasitic sea lamprey in the Great Lakes.
Studies of assessment methods are designed to provide an inex-
pensive and efficient method of assessing sea lamprey abundance
and evaluating the effects of chemical control.
Larval sea lamprey populations are being monitored in
selected index streams tributary to the three upper Great Lakes.
Permanent survey stations established in the streams will be ex-
amined systematically to assess changes in ammocete abundance,
distribution, and age composition. The fluctuations in relative
abundance may reflect the general effects of chemical control on
the number of potential recruits to the adult population. As this
study is based primarily on the monitoring of larval populations, it
will be possible to accomplish most of the work in conjunction
with normal stream survey assignments and incorporate pertinent
data from other facets of the lamprey program. All information is
being collected at the Marquette Station for evaluation, adapta-
tion to ADP use, and inclusion in a catalog of information of all
streams tributary to the United States side of the Great Lakes.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Commerce - N.O.A.A.
2. AQUATIC PEST CONTROL
ammocete distribution and their reaction to an abnormal or
hostile environment.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Commerce - N.O.A.A.
2.0211, BIOASSAY
J.H. HOWELL, U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Natl. Marine Fisheries
Service, Millersburg, Michigan 49759
Research is directed toward the discovery of chemicals
which, when in a stream environment, will be selectively toxic to
larval sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus). The procedure consists
of bioassaying a wide variety of organic compounds, representing
most of the basic structural classes, under standard conditions
against larval sea lamprey and rainbow trout (Salmo gairdnerii).
The discovery of a chemical possessing the desired biological ac-
tivity (toxicity and selectivity for larval lamprey) results in the
testing of structurally related compounds. The relation between
molecular structure and biological activity are studied and com-
pounds custom synthesized to produce the best possible biologi-
cal activity. Chemicals selected for field use are tested to deter-
mine what effect environmental factors such as water chemistry,
temperature, turbidity and light have on their biological activity.
Tests are run on promising compounds to determine their toxicity
to a variety of game and nongame fish species as well as aquatic
invertebrates. Methods are devised for preparing concentrated
stock solutions of compounds being considered for field use.
Analysis techniques, which are fast and accurate are developed.
A chemical's potential as a sea lamprey control agent is evaluated
under simulated stream conditions and in carefully controlled ex-
perimental stream treatments.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Commerce - N.O.A.A.
2.0209, LAKE HURON CHEMICAL CONTROL
B.R. SMITH, U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Natl. Marine Fisheries
Service, Marquette, Michigan 49855
The Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, under the direction of
the Great Lakes Fishery Commission, is using selective larvicides
as an experimental method of control for sea lampreys in Lake
Huron. The study is designed to eliminate all generations present
in the streams tributary to the lake by treatment of these streams
with chemical, and to determine if such action will control effec-
tively the parasitism on lake trout and other fish.
The control method requires a thorough knowledge of: the
presence and distribution of ammocete populations in tributaries;
physical characteristics and flow data of infected streams, accu-
rate bioassays and chemical analyses of the water; precise meter-
ing of the chemicals; and post-treatment surveys to measure and
analyze the effectiveness of individual treatment.
There are 48 tributaries along the U. S. shore of Lake Huron
known to contain sea lampreys. Three of these were treated in
1962. Treatments in this area were resumed in 1966 and 18
streams were treated.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Commerce - N.O.A.A.
2.0210, BIOLOGY OF THE LARVAL SEA LAMPREY
L.H. HANSON, U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Natl. Marine Fisheries
Service, Millersburg, Michigan 49759
A complete knowledge of the biology of larval lampreys is
necessary to take full advantage of control techniques which are
directed toward this life history stage of the sea lamprey. Evalua-
tion of control methods requires a thorough knowledge of the fac-
tors which control the size, growth and transformation of larval
populations. Studies are being conducted or planned to determine
the effect of environmental factors such as temperature and water
chemistry on developing sea lamprey embryos. Also being in-
vestigated is the effect of biologically active chemicals on the
sequence and success of embryological development. Taxonomic
studies are under way on young-of-the-year ammocetes of the five
species found in the Great Lakes. These studies utilize individuals
of known parentage. The effects of environmental factors such as
temperature and food on ammocete growth and transformation
are being studied. This information is vital to an understanding of
2.0212, LAKE SUPERIOR COMMERCIAL FISHERIES AS-
SESSMENT STUDIES
C. BURROWS, State Div. of Game & Fish, Saint Paul, Minnesota
55101
Objectives: The primary objective is to ascertain the condi-
tion of the lake trout and other commercial fish stocks in Min-
nesota waters of Lake Superior. To meet this broad objective, it
will be necessary to determine the: 1. Progress and effectiveness
of sea lamprey control in the local area. 2. Survival and dispersal
of stocked trout. 3. Relative abundance and size and age distribu-
tion of the trout and other commercial fish populations. 4. Com-
mercial fish production. 5. Degree of interaction or interference
between types of fishing in these waters.
Procedures: The following procedures are set forth in general
terms to allow for amendments which may be necessary to ac-
comodate the recommendations of the Lake Superior Committee
of the Great Lakes Fishery Commission.
With support from this project, a Department man will be on
board the vessel lifting the lake trout assessment, test nets to veri-
fy catches and record detailed information on the individual
trout. Data on length, fin clips, and lamprey marks will be
recorded and scale samples will be taken for aging. Similar data
will be gathered on other salmonids in the catch.
Herring and chub net lifts will be spot checked to assess
damage to small lake trout and determine the incidence of other
salmonids in the catch.
Commercial fishing production reports will be collected and
analyzed to obtain the statistics necessary for management.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Comm. Fish.
2.0213, EXPERIMENTATION WITH FTNTROL AS A FISH
TOXICANT IN DEEP, SOFT-WATER LAKES
R. HASSINGER, State Div. of Game & Fish, Saint Paul, Min-
nesota 55101
Objective: To determine whether fintrol is a practical agent
for the rehabilitation of large, lake trout waters.
The toxicant will be used at 1/5 of the normal concentration
used in southern Minnesota lakes. Its effect of rough fish removal
will be evaluated.
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2. AQUATIC PEST CONTROL
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
2.0214, EXPERIMENTAL ESTABLISHMENT OF
MONOSPECIFIC WALLEYE POPULATIONS AS A
MANAGEMENT MEASURE FOR SMALL WARMWATER
LAKES IN NORTHERN MINNESOTA
F.H. JOHNSON, State Div. of Game & Fish, Saint Paul, Min-
nesota 5 5101
The objective is to evaluate the angling potential of single
species walleye populations and walleye in combination with min-
nows in small reclaimed warmwater lakes in northern Minnesota
and determine optimum stocking rates and frequency.
Management of small rehabilitated lakes for stream trout in-
volves the removal of competing species with a fish toxicant and
channelling the productivity thus released into greater trout
yields. This has become a well established trout management
technique for suitable small lakes in Minnesota and elsewhere.
The ecology of the walleye suggests that this species may have
some potential for similar management in small warmwater lakes
that are landlocked and not now producing sustained good fish-
ing. Walleye fry have often been stocked in marginal fish lakes
following winter kills and here they have survived well and often
provided good angling. In northern Minnesota there is a substan-
tial acreage of small lakes that are too shallow and warm for trout
and in which diversified populations of warm-water fish now
produce poor angling. As the demand for greater yields from the
natural walleye waters of the state continues, a method of adding
new acres of walleye water to the resource base would be of con-
siderable value.
There are two small lakes, one hardwater and one softwater,
which previously collected data indicate are suitable for reclama-
tion. The softwater lake contains forage organisms of a kind and
abundance which previous experience indicates will likely sup-
port both fingerling and adult walleye without benefit of addi-
tional forage. The hardwater lake contains organisms of a kind
which will provide forage for walleye fingerlings but which
require conversion by minnows to provide forage of a suitable size
for adults.
Procedure: Job 1. Obtain estimates of the total standing crop
offish on the two selected study lakes prior to treatment with fish
toxin for a rough indication of their carrying capacity for walleyes
in monospecific association. Job 2. Remove with fish toxin all of
the fish from the two selected study lakes prior to stocking with
walleye fingerlings. Job 3. Establish walleye populations with fin-
gerling stocking in the two study lakes. Job 4. Determine the car-
rying capacity of the two lakes with population estimates in spring
and fall.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
2.0215, THE INTERACTION OF THE WALLEYE AND
WHITE SUCKER IN THE FISH POPULATION OF SOFT
WATER LAKE IN NORTHEASTERN MINNESOTA
F.H. JOHNSON, State Div. of Game & Fish, Saint Paul, Min-
nesota 55101
A. Objective: To determine the response of the fish popula-
tions, with particular emphasis on the walleye Wilson Lake fol-
lowing sucker removal. B. Justification: See Study II, Investiga-
tions in Progress - Walleye Studies. Data obtained to date indicate
the walleye and perch population are still responding to the inten-
sive reduction in the sucker population. Information is needed on
whether the walleye pop. will stabilize at higher level as a result of
sucker removal, the effect on the fishing harvest, and the reaction
of the sucker pop. for a period of years following removal. C.
Procedure: 1. Assess development of the dish populations. 2.
Measure sport fishing pressure and harvest.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
2.0216, EXPERIMENTATION WITH FINTROL AS A FISH
TOXICANT IN DEEP SOFTWATER LAKES
R. MICKLUS, State Div. of Game & Fish, Saint Paul, Minnesota
55101
The objective is to determine whether fintrol is a practical
agent for the rehabilitation of large, lake trout waters.
Lake trout populations in many of the accessible Northeast-
ern Minnesota lakes have declined or disappeared following the
introduction of walleyes in the 1930's. While the walleye has
proven to be a game fish better able to provide summer fishing on
the more intensively developed lakes, it is desirable that lake trout
populations be reestablished in some of the lakes of this region.
In the light of past experience with trout stocking, the best
survival can be anticipated in stocking after rehabilitation. What
is needed is a fish toxin which is effective on all of the species in
the region, which can be uniformly applied over large, deep
basins, and which is not prohibitively expensive.
Antimycin, or fintrol of Ayrst Laboratories, promises to be
such a toxin. In the soft waters of this region, it can be used at 1/5
of the concentration necessary in the southern part of the state,
and it affects only the fish. Invertebrate populations are unaf-
fected with the result that food is usually abundant at time of
stocking.
We need to know if this material can be effectively dis-
tributed in the deep strata of these waters. We also must know the
detoxification time and the minimum effective concentrations.
Procedure: Job 1. Assess fish populations of the study lakes,
Mayhew, Little Mayhew, Birch, and Moss Lakes in Cook County.
Job 2. Bio-assay of waters and application of toxin. Job 3.
Restocking of lake trout.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
2.0217, THE USE OF PHEROMONES BY CARP,
CYPRINUS CARPIO-RESEARCH
E.R. KENDLE, State Game & Parks Commission, Lincoln,
Nebraska 68509
Objective: The purpose of this job is to determine if carp
make use of pheromones in intraspecific communication and if a
pheromone is important in sex discrimination, attraction and/or
stimulation.
Past and continuing studies have indicated that some species
of fish make use of pheromones in intraspecific communication.
The use of these pheromones for management purposes particu-
larly during the fish's breeding season could significantly add to
our ability to control troublesome populations of fish. However,
the use of pheromones by any given species must be documented.
Procedures: Existing laboratory equipment which is arranged
to give each of six fish a choice between two water sources will be
utilized to determine the ability of small carp (6' to 10' in total
length) to differentiate through the sense of smell between other
individuals. This will also provide the investigator with experience
in working with this species prior to conducting tests with adult
carp. Coinciding with the work on small carp will be the injection
of a few adult carp with pituitaries to determine what, if any,
problems may be expected in the use of this technique on the carp
in the laboratory.
The laboratory will then be arranged to handle large carp.
This will involve the arrangement of three six-foot horse tanks to
provide the adult fish with a choice between two water sources.
The source tanks will be two 99-gallon aquaria. During the tests
water will be pumped from both source tanks to each experiment
tank and the behavior of the experimental fish observed and
recorded. The experimental fish will have been brought into a
sexually active condition through the use of pituitary injections
prior to testing. Tests will be made utilizing each sex as the experi-
mental fish. One fish each will be placed in each of the two source
aquaria. One will contain a male whereas the other will contain a
female. The statistic to be used in the analysis of these data will be
the chi square test as recommended by Dr. Robert Mumm of the
University of Nebraska Statistical Laboratory.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
2.0218, EXPERIMENTAL RESTORATION OF THE GILA
TROUT
UNKNOWN, State Dept. of Game & Fish, Santa Fe, New Mexico
87501
P.P.S.OBJECTIVE: To select suitable waters to perpetuate
the Gila trout. K K
1-106
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P.P.S. Procedures: 1. Select suitable streams. 2. Construct
barriers to prevent upstream migration of undesirable fish. 3.
Rotenone stream to eliminate undesirable fish. 4. Transfer Gila
trout to selected streams. 5. Check success or failure of introduc-
tions.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
2.0219, RELATION OF LAMPREY EELS TO EXISTING
SALMONID STOCKS IN CAYUGA LAKE
R.G. WERNER, State Conservation Department, Albany, New
York 12226
Objectives: To enumerate the adult lamprey population using
Cayuga Inlet for spawning and to prevent them from reaching the
spawning grounds. To relate the abundance of lampreys to an
index of their activity obtained from scar and wound counts on
lake trout and rainbow trout. To obtain new statistics on total
mortality rates of lake and rainbow trout after the lamprey popu-
lation has been reduced.
Procedure: 1. Enumerate lamprey spawning run. a. Trap,
count, sex, measure and then destroy lamprey population using
fishway on Cayuga Inlet, b. Relate run intensity to environmental
factors such as temperature and flow. c. Some effort may be ex-
pended in sampling outmigration of transformed lamprey. 2.
Determine relation between lamprey scar and wound index on
trout to size of adult lamprey population. 3. Analysis of data. Note
effect of lamprey reduction on scar and wound index and mortali-
ty rates of Lake and Rainbow trout.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
2.0220, TRIBUTARY SURVEY OF LAKES ONTARIO AND
ERIE
W.A. PEARCE, State Conservation Department, Cape Vincent,
New York 13618
Objective: Obtain information on Lake Ontario and Lake
Erie tributaries required for an anadromous fish management
program.
Procedures: Project personnel will review existing stream
data. Streams needing more data will be selected for detailed sur-
veys. Study streams will be mapped for use in identifying areas of
special need. A suitable stream survey sheet will be designed that
will complement existing forms in use by other agencies such as
lamprey control units.
Survey schedules will coordinate with other agencies work-
ing on individual streams including lamprey control surveys in
May or June, Regional Fish Management surveys, spawning run
checks. Study streams must be checked during critical periods of
high and low flow, winter ice conditions, times of high water tem-
peratures and irregular flows from hydro-power plant controls.
Individual plans for each of the important streams and tributaries
include: 1. General physical and chemical data. 2. Barrier sites -
both permanent and temporary. 3. Existing and potential sal-
monid spawning and nursery sites. 4. Potential spawning channel,
rearing pond, weir and fish ladder sites. 5. Acquisition needs. 6.
Sources of pollution. 7. Regulated flow recommendations where
applicable.
An overall tributary plan encompassing individual stream
plans will be completed for Lake Ontario. A similar plan will be
completed for New York's section of Lake Erie.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
2.0221, PLANNING FOR CREATION OF SALMONID
FISHERIES IN LAKE ONTARIO
T.M. JOLLIFF, State Dept. of Env. Conserv., Cape Vincent, New
York
Objectives: To continue development of a detailed plan for
study and development of salmonid fisheries in Lake Ontario.
Procedures: Historically fisheries for lake trout, whitefish,
and walleyes were existent in the deeper water of Lake Ontario
and for Atlantic salmon in its tributaries. These have declined to
the point of disappearance, due, probably, to overfishing of
lamprey decimated populations. A great need for redevelopment
of fisheries in both deep waters and Lake Ontario tributaries ex-
2. AQUATIC PEST CONTROL
ists. Such refurbishment can probably be carried out with greatest
facility by establishment of harvestable (in both commercial and
sport senses) populations of salmonids. Species would include
rainbow trout, and Atlantic and Pacific salmon. Development
will, in turn, hinge upon control of the sea lamprey.
The plan for a five-year program will present the details of
four major studies as follows (The plan will be a continuation of
planning carried out during a previous Project, AFS-5-1): The
monitoring offish stocks in Lake Ontario before, during and fol-
lowing lamprey control, stocking of salmonids, and establishment
of fisheries. The data will: allow evaluation of success of lamprey
control, and salmonid stocking, and establihment of fishery
parameters in the lake and its tributaries; the development of suc-
cessful stocking of salmonids from hatchery sources and spawning
channels; The evaluation of lamprey control from stream and lake
data taken before and after control; Evaluation of the status of
forage species in Lake Ontario.
The four studies will, together, provide adequate control of
sea lampreys, efficient stocking of salmonids and proper regula-
tions of the resultant fisheries. Activities will include monitoring
of lampreys and salmonid stocks in tributaries and open waters by
electro-fishing, traps and netting. An index to lamprey scarring
will be determined. Population dynamics will be studied and
newly established fisheries will be regulated. The plan will be car-
ried out during a combined AFS-DJ study beginning on June 3,
1971. The detailed activities will be correlated with those of other
agencies that are actively concerned with the fisheries of Lake
Ontario.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
2.0222, PRE-LAMPREY CONTROL INVENTORY OF FISH
STOCKS
T.M. JOLLIFF, State Dept. of Env. Conserv., Cape Vincent, New
York
Objectives: To initiate pre-lamprey control inventory of sal-
monid and other fish populations in Lake Ontario in order to
establish indices to lamprey scarring and baselines with which to
measure the future success of sea lamprey control and stocking of
salmonids.
To initiate inventory of the extent of rainbow trout migration
in Lake Ontario tributaries and their suitability as spawning and
rearing streams in order to locate streams in which self-perpetuat-
ing runs of salmon and trout might be established.
Procedures: Up to 5 series of gill nets will be set in Lake On-
tario in coordination with inter-agency plans. Vital statistics, spa-
cial distribution, abundance on a catch per unit of effort basis,
and degree of sea lamprey scarring will be determined for all spe-
cies offish. Standardized gill nets will be fished.
The presence of migrating and resident rainbow trout in On-
tario tributaries will be determined by electrofishing and from
scale patterns. Evaluation of streams will be done from presence
of various life history stages of trout, and stream morphology.
This job is prelminary to continued extensive, coordinated
inventory of Lake Ontario and its tributaries before, during, and
after sea lamprey control, as part of a combined AFS-DJ project.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
2.0223, DEVELOPMENT OF ACCURATE CHEMICAL IN-
TRODUCTION TECHNIQUES
H.A. LOEB, State Conservation Department, Livingston Manor,
New York 12578
Objectives: To develop accurate, practical methods of in-
troducing chemicals into streams for period of up to 12 hours.
Procedures: Several methods are used to place chemicals in
streams. Liquids are introduced in bulk by the slug method, by
head changing container, by constant head container and by me-
tered or non- metered pumping. An accurate, constant head, con-
stant flow Mariotte bottle holding up to 13 gallons of solution has
been developed. By adjusting various parts the bottle can be emp-
tied in any desired time. A given amount of chemical can be in-
troduced in that period. For example, a 13-gallon bottle will
deliver 1 ppm Noxfish to a 40 cfs stream for 12 hours or to a 480
cfs stream for 1 hour. Several bottles would be used in a large
stream to assure distribution of toxicant. The bottles would be
1-107
465-868 O - 72 - 8
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2. AQUATIC PEST CONTROL
placed on leveled tripods in the stream or on the stream bank. In
the latter case a separate line would be run from each bottle to a
release point in the stream. An accurate, constant-flow syphon
holding up to 45 gallons of solution is used to introduce chemi-
cals. It will provide 4 ppm of 4.4% solution potassium perman-
ganate to a 22 cfs stream for an hour, or 1 ppm Noxfish to a 1670
cfs stream. For streams larger than about 20 cfs introduction of
dry potassium permanganate is necessary; 30, 100 and 1000 cfs
streams would require distribution every 5 minutes of 2.25, 7.5
and 75 Ibs. respectively.
Hatchery feeders and other devices capable of metering
powder or crystals at rates of a fraction of a pound to 15 pounds
per minute from loads of several hundred pounds will be studied
and tested. Specifications will call for weatherproofing, and line
and manual operation. Powder or crystal specifications will be
determined. Devices used to scatter potassium permanganate
have, to date, experienced weather and flow difficulties.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
2.0224, TIME-CONCENTRATION TESTS INVOLVING
NEUTRALIZATION OF ROTENONE WITH POTASSIUM
PERMANGANATE
H.A. LOEB, State Conservation Department, Livingston Manor,
New York 12578
Objective: To develop standard chemical methods of killing
fish in defined sections of streams.
Procedure: Laboratory tests show that at 65 degrees F (ap-
proximating many summer stream temperatures) 1.0 ppm Nox-
fish will kill trout in 20 minutes and most other fish in at least
several hours (excluding carp, goldfish, and bullheads; the latter
two are most resistant). What has become a somewhat standard
method is used in many streams; that is, the introduction of 5 ppm
Noxfish for 1 hour followed by 1 ppm for 5 hours; this will effec-
tively remove carp.
Potassium permaganate is used to neutralize the Noxfish.
Laboratory tests show that 1 ppm Noxfish is effectively neutral-
ized by 3 ppm permanganate in about 17 minutes; the Noxfish is
reduced to less than 0.03 ppm, a concentration which will not af-
fect fingerling trout. The two chemicals are placed in jars, the per-
manganate is neutralized with tannic acid in a sequence of jars at
intervals, and the solution is bioassayed.
Neutralization of Noxfish is also affected by natural chlorine
demand in a stream. For example, if 1 ppm were to be neutralized
and the chlorine demand were 1 ppm, the total permanganate
added could be 3 plus 1 or 4 ppm.
Time to neutralization of Noxfish is in inverse proportion to
the amount of potassium permanganate present. In effect, the
distance between the point where permanganate is introduced
and effective neutralization downstream can be cut in half by
doubling the concentration of permanganate.
Even 6 ppm of permanganate would be toxic to fish over a
period of 6 hours creating a zone of permanganate toxicity below
the zone of neutralization. However, tannic acid can be used to
neutralize the permanganate. Tannic acid has never been used for
this purpose in a stream; 2 ppm will almost instantaneously detox-
ify 3 ppm of potassium permanganate. The use of tannic acid adds
another dimension to the complicated tasks of stream reclama-
tion but is probably practical because it will allow reduction of the
zone of neutralization to practical proportions.
The Ten Mile River, a 20 cfs stream in summer, will be used
as a test stream. Caged trout bioassay will ascertain the effect of
rotenone and points and degrees of neutralization. The bottom of
the zone of neutralization will be located by timing the velocity to
various points by salt and conductivity meter. (Text abridged).
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
2.022S, NEUTRALIZATION OF ROTENONE WITH AC-
TIVATED CHARCOAL
H.A. LOEB, State Conservation Department, Livingston Manor,
New York 12578
Objective: To develop a method of neutralizing rotenone
products in streams with powdered, activated carbon.
Procedure: Neutralization of rotenone in streams is desirable
for delineation of test sections. Activated carbon would be
preferable for neutralization because it is non-toxic.
A range of concentrations of activated carbon will be tested
against 1 and 5 ppm of Noxfish for one hour. Effective concentra-
tions will be tested for shorter periods in an attempt to determine
the lowest concentration which neutralizes Noxfish (reduce to
less then 0.03 ppm) in a practical time of 15 minutes or less.
Five and 20 gallon aquaria will be used in 65 degree F. water
baths. Minimum number of fish for final bioassays will be 11.
Water will have a range in pH of 6.5 to 7.5.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
2 0226 THE TOXICITY AND DETOXIFICATION OF THE
ROTENONE FORMULATIONS USED IN FISH MANAGE-
MENT
E.H. SHANNON, State Wildlife Resources Comm., Raleigh,
North Carolina 27602
The objectives of this job are to determine the relative toxici-
ty, constancy, and susceptibility to detoxification possessed by the
various commercial rotenone formulations used in fish manage-
ment and to determine the effects of temperature, water quality,
and other pertinent variables upon these factors.
The work scheduled under this job during Fiscal Year 1970
will be, as programmed in the Project Statement, establishment of
toxicity and detoxification limits of commercial rotenone formu-
lations under variations of water quality but at a fixed tempera-
ture of 68 degrees F. The particular rotenone formulations to be
tested include Nox-fish, Pro- Nox-fish, Chem-Fish Regular,
Chem-Fish OF, Chem-Fish Synergized OF, Chem-Fish Special
OF, Chem-Fish Collector, and Chem-Fish T. The test organisms
will be 1 - to 2-inch sunfishes.
These studies will be made at the Commission's Fayetteville
Water Quality Laboratory.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
2.0227, AN EVALUATION OF TECHNIQUES TO
MANAGE SMALL IMPOUNDMENTS IN OHIO
F. STEVENSON, State Div. of Wildlife, Ashley, Ohio 43003
Objective: The objective of this job is to develop and evalu-
ate experimental management techniques for small impound-
ments in Ohio. Emphasis will be placed on manipulating pan-fish
populations.
Procedures: 1. An evaluation of partial removal of bluegUls
from six Ohio ponds. Partial shoreline treatment with rotenone
will be evaluated to determine the effect of partial removal upon
the growth and recruitment of bass and bluegill populations. 2.
An evaluation of species combinations and numerical ratios of
fish stocking in ponds. Biological, chemical and physical parame-
ters will be measured to determine what factors affect the success
or failure of these combinations. 3. Observations will be made to
determine the effectiveness of Israeli Carp in controlling various
species of vegetation present in the ponds. 4. A Preliminary
Evaluation of a Florida Strain of Largemouth Bass (Micropterus
salmoides) in Ohio ponds. Growth rates will be determined and
compared with native Ohio bass. 5. Potassium permaganate will
be applied at varying rates to ponds that are drained down to
remove fish to determine its effectiveness in reducing oxygen
depletion caused by decomposing organic matter. 6. Ponds to be
rehabilitated containing large populations of bullheads will be
treated with copper sulfate at rates from 1.0 to 3.0 ppm to deter-
mine if the copper sulfate will selectively eradicate bullheads. 7.
Experimental Management of Public Ponds. Groups of ponds on
public lands are to be set up on a rotation system in which popula-
tion are to be renewed every three years. 8. A Preliminary Evalua-
tion of the Flathead Catfish as a Predator in Ohio Ponds. Various
numbers of 10 to 12 inch flathead catfish will be stocked in over
populated ponds to determine if these fish will feed on the inter-
mediate bluegills and thus increase the growth rate of the remain-
ing bluegill population.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
2.0228, PISCICIDE TOXICOLOGY OF THE CYPRINIDS
IN EAST AND WEST PAULINA LAKES Ciriuwiw
' State Fish Comn>'ssion, Portland, OngP*
1-108
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Objectives: To determine the toxicity of various piscicides to
be used for eventual population control.
Job Objectives: To select and test various concentrations of
piscicides on fish and other aquatic fauna.
Procedures: Selected piscicides will be used to determine the
toxic concentrations to fish and other aquatic fauna. The work
will involve bioassay and field application of rotenone and anti-
mycin (Fintrol). The bioassay work will be under controlled con-
ditions with dissolved oxygen, alkalinity and pH monitored. Op-
timum kill
$ concentrations for chubs will be determined for these par-
ticular lakes. Bioassay work in the other aquatic organisms, at
those optimum concentrations, will be conducted at the same
time. These data will be used to determine the most effective fish
toxicant and the most effective concentrations that can be used
on the two lakes. Application of the toxicant to the lake will be
rigidly controlled and the effects monitored. The period of toxici-
ty within the lake will be determined. Application will be by
means of liquid application or in a sand-grain formulation.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
2.0229, EVALUATE FISH TOXICANTS (SUNSET LAKE
SEGMENT)
W. KNISPEL, State Game Commission, Portland, Oregon 97208
Objectives: Continue bioassays with antimycin. Determine
the correct concentration to use and chemically treat the lake to
selectively eliminate yellow perch and the younger age classes of
crappie in a mixed population of warm-water game fish.
Procedures: 1. Continue the bioassays on yellow perch, crap-
pie, largemouth bass, carp, and bullhead catfish. 2. Determine the
correct concentration of antimycin to selectively control
(eliminate) yellow perch and younger age classes of crappie
without destroying adult bass and catfish. 3. Recheck pH, TDS,
water temperatures and dissolved oxygen in the lake. 4. Chemi-
cally treat the lake with antimycin. 5. Live-box perch, bass, and
crappie at time of treatment to assess toxicities. 6. Determine suc-
cess of treatment by sampling the fishery population with hoop,
gill, and trap nets and creel census.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
2.0230, EVALUATE FISH TOXICANT (ANTIMYCIN) (EA-
GLE LAKE SEGMENT)
K. SAYKE, State Game Commission, Portland, Oregon 97208
Objectives: Conduct bioassays with antimycin on lake trout
and brook trout in Eagle Lake. Determine concentration that is
required and chemically treat the lake to remove the existing fish
population. Evaluate the success of the program.
Procedure: 1. Conduct bioassays using antimycin to deter-
mine the correct concentration of the toxicant. 2. Recheck pH,
dissolved oxygen content, and water temperatures of the lake. 3.
Live-box fish at time of treatment to determine dispersion and
toxicity of material. 4. Check for completeness of kill by setting
gill nets after treatment. 5. Continue to monitor success of pro-
gram after restocking by gill netting and creel census.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
2.0231, MERIDIAN STATE PARK LAKE CRAPPIE
REMOVAL EXPERIMENT
C.T. MENN, State Parks & Wildlife Dept., Austin, Texas 78701
To evaluate the continuous removal of undersized crappie
and to determine the effects of such removal on the crappie popu-
lation of Medidian State Park Lake. Procedures: A 1-year creel
census will be completed this segment. Creel census will be con-
ducted on a 7-day week every-other-week basis.
Crappie removal will begin this segment and continue until 5
pounds per acre have been removed from this 80-acre lake. Nets
and traps will be used and evaluated in the process to test the ef-
fectiveness of various methods of removal.
Largemouth black bass and channel catfish will also be
tagged and returned to the lake to determine if these species are
affected by the crappie removal.
2. AQUATIC PEST CONTROL
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
2.0232, FISH TOXICANT STUDIES
R.L. WHITE, State Parks & Wildlife Dept., Austin, Texas 78701
Objective: To test the effectiveness and desirability of an-
hydrous ammonia for the total elimination offish populations.
Procedures: Anhydrous ammonia will be screened in litera-
ture, in the laboratory and in the field to determine its effective-
ness as a fish toxicant. Application techniques, species selective-
ness, duration of toxicity and overall effectiveness will be of prime
concern in this study.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
2.0233, EFFECTS OF METHOXYCHLOR ON THE CON-
DITIONING OF STRIPED BASS TO AN OLFACTORY
STIMULUS
J.A. MUSICK, Virginia Inst. of Marine Sci., Gloucester Point, Vir-
ginia 23062
Three groups of striped bass will be used-one control and
two experimental groups. The two experimental groups will be ex-
posed to concentrations of 5 and 10 ppb methoxychlor. One-half
of each group will be positively-conditioned to the introduction of
an odor. The odor half will be negatively-conditioned. Dif-
ferences in response to the stimulus and time required for condi-
tioning will be looked for. Some histological work may be done.
SUPPORTED BY Virginia Inst. of Marine Sci. - Virginia
2.0234, EFFECT OF ANESTHESIA ON THE BLOOD
CHEMISTRY OF FISHES
G. WEDEMEYER, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bur. of Sport Fish.
& Wildlife, Seattle, Washington 98115
In the higher vertebrates, anesthetics such as diethyl ether
have been shown to cause profound metabolic changes due to
pituitary activation while anesthetics such as the barbituates do
not. Since biomedical research on fishes frequently requires
anesthesia prior to blood sampling, the effects of the anesthetic
agent itself on the normal blood chemistries should be un-
derstood.
MS-222, methyl pentynol, CO2, benzocaine, ether and 2
phenoxyethanol will be investigated using rainbow trout as the
test fish. Liver function will be evaluated using alkaline
phosphatase, glucose, BUN, bilirubin and SCOT; the acid base
balance by Cl minus and kidney function by creatinine measure-
ments.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior Bu. Sport Fish.
2.0235, POPULATION DYNAMICS - LAKE TROUT
R.L. PYCHA, U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Natl. Marine Fisheries
Service, Ashland, Wisconsin 54806
The sea lamprey control program cannot be thoroughly eval-
uated until various indices of lamprey abundance and predation
can be expressed directly in terms of lake trout mortality. Deter-
mination of lake trout mortality due to sea lampreys, normal natu-
ral mortality, and fishing mortality (commercial and sport) at the
present level of lamprey abundance and fishing intensity is the
most immediate objective of research in Lake Superior. Deter-
mination of the necessary size of spawning stock and levels of
natural reproduction of lake trout are necessary for determina-
tion of recruitment. Mortality, recruitment, and growth data will
be used to determine the available sustainable yield. Providing
sustainable yield information to state management agencies and
the Great Lakes Fishery Commission is necessary for re-establish-
ment of a viable lake trout fishery. Collection of information on
interspecies relationships and environmental changes is a con-
tinuing objective that is valuable for evaluating future changes in
the lake.
1-109
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2. AQUATIC PEST CONTROL
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Commerce - N.O.A.A.
2.0236, RESIDUES OF MS-222 IN FISH
J.L. ALLEN, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bur. of Sport Fish. & Wil-
dlife, La Crosse, Wisconsin
MS-222 (methanesulfonate of ethyl m-aminobenzoate), an
anesthetic for fish, has not been cleared for use on fish by the U.S.
Food and Drug Administration. The requirements for clearance
include information on residues of the drug in fish tissue.
Selected fish are exposed to effective concentrations of MS-
222, and recovered in fresh water. Samples are withdrawn at
selected intervals, and analyzed for free and acetylated MS-222
residues by the Bratton-Marshall method confirmed by thin layer
chromatography.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
2.0237, U.V. SPECTROPHOTOMETRY FOR THE
IDENTIFICATION AND ESTIMATION OF QUINALDINE
RESIDUE
J.L. ALLEN, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bur. of Sport Fish. & Wil-
dlife, La Crosse, Wisconsin
Quinaldine and quinaldine sulfate are used as fish
anesthetics, but have not been cleared for this use by the Food
and Drug Administration. The requirements for clearance include
two methods of residue analysis, preferably using entirely dfferent
model of analysis.
A gas chromatographic method has been developed for the
analysis of quinaldine residue in fish. As a second method, U.V.
spectrophotometry appears to have the needed sensitivity, and
also shows the spectrum for identification. Precedures for sample
preparation, clean up and analysis by U.S. spectrophotometry
must be developed. Fish are treated with quinaldine and quinal-
dine sulfate, and attempts are made to extract, clean up, and de-
tect quinaldine in the extracts by U.V. spectrophotometry.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
2.0238, THE DEVELOPMENT OF ANALYTICAL
METHODS CAPABLE OF MEASURING TFM RESIDUES IN
FISH, WATER, AND OTHER COMPLEX SUBSTRATES
J.L. ALLEN, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bur. of Sport Fish. & Wil-
dlife, La Crosse, Wisconsin
TFM (3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol) is an effective agent
for control of sea lamprey. The registration of this control agent is
dependent partially on the development of a method capable of
measuring TFM residues. Gas chromatography appears to be a
sensitive and selective method which could be applied to the anal-
ysis of complex substrates for TFM residues. Methodology must
be developed for the extraction clean up and chromatography of
samples for TFM residue analysis. Fish are exposed to TFM and
attempts are made to extract, clean up and detect TFM in the ex-
tracts by gas chromatography.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
2.0239, THE EFFICACY OF QUINALDINE SULFATE -
MS-222 AS AN ANESTHETIC FOR FISH IN THE LABORA-
TORY - WARM SPRINGS
J.L. ALLEN, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bur. of Sport Fish. & Wil-
dlife, La Crosse, Wisconsin
Quinaldine sulfate and MS-222 (tricaine methanesulfonate)
are fish anesthetics. Recent investigations indicate that mixtures
of the two compounds possess enhanced anesthetic activity. New
or improved anesthetics must meet legal requirements for effica-
cy prior to use in the field. A necessary step in the development
and registration of quinaldine sulfate: MS-222 is a thorough
evaluation of its efficacy and safety on fish.
Various proportions of quinaldine sulfate and MS-222 in
mixtures are tested in the laboratory to define concentrations that
are effective in anesthetizing channel catfish, largemouth bass,
bluegill and grass carp (white amur).
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
2.0240, SELECTIVE REMOVAL OF VARIOUS FISH SPE-
CIES WITH ANTIMYCIN
B.L. BERGER, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bur. of Sport Fish. &
Wildlife, La Crosse, Wisconsin
Antimycin (Fintrol) as evaluatd in the laboratory and out-
door pools demonstrated potential as a selective control agent by
manipulating concentrations or selective applications. Field stu-
dies are necessary to determine efficacy in large bodies of water
considering light, water quality and temperature.
Investigations are conducted in an effort to control or
manipulate game fish populations such as bluegills, largemouth
bass, and yellow perch in relation to other fishes. Minimal con-
centrations are to be applied to young-of-the-year in the presence
of adults of the same species. Chemical application in specific
spawning or habitat sites may offer partial control amongst dif-
ferent species. Applications are made to hatchery ponds and
natural lakes and streams. Degradation and residual effects are in-
vestigated.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
2.0241, INTENSIVE SCREENING OF POTENTIAL FISH
CONTROL AGENTS - POTENTIATION OF ANTIMYCIN
B.L. BERGER, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bur. of Sport Fish. &
Wildlife, La Crosse, Wisconsin
The potentiation of antimycin is desirable to make it a more
effective control agent at lower concentrations against resistant
species such as the catfishes.
Compounds selected for this potentiation or synergization
are chosen by literature review, testing of formulations and mode
of action studies. Their effectiveness is to be checked by bioassay
and analytical methods.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
2.0242, THE EFFICACY OF THANITE (ISOBORNYL
THIOCYANOACETATE) AS A FISH COLLECTION AID
R.M. BURRESS, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bur. of Sport Fish. &
Wildlife, La Crosse, Wisconsin
In 1968, the use of Thanite, an insecticide of low mammalian
toxicity, was proposed as a safe and effective aid for live collec-
tion offish. There is need, however, to evaluate its efficacy under
different ecological conditions. Field tests will be conducted
throughout the year in selected ponds in several locations to
determine the influence of various physical and chemical parame-
ters upon the efficacy of Thanite for fish collection, and to mea-
sure the degree of selective toxicity manifested against a wide
variety of fishes.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
2.0243, THE EFFICACY OF MONSANTO NO. 51294 AS A
FISH TOXICANT (LABORATORY)
V.K. DAWSON, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bur. of Sport Fish. &
Wildlife, La Crosse, Wisconsin
Monsanto No. 51294 is a candidate general fish toxicant. It is
highly toxic to a wide variety of cold- and warm-water fish, in-
cluding bullheads and carp. The toxicity is not influenced greatly
by different chemical and physical properties of the water. A
necessary step in the development and registration of Monsanto
No. 51294 is a thorough evaluation of its efficacy on target fish.
The toxicant is subjected to trials in laboratory water and
pond water to establish concentrations that are effective in killing
target species of fish. Several life stages of selected fishes are ex-
posed to lethal concentrations of the toxicant in waters of dif-
ferent temperature, pH and hardness. Additional tests, in static or
continuous flows, may demonstrate the persistence of the toxi-
cant in water, the time required for detoxification, methods for
artificial degradation, the long-term effects on growth and
reproduction, and the effects on other organisms The data are
evaluated to determine whether the candidate warrants further
research and development as a fish toxicant
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SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
2.0244, THE EFFICACY AND PERSISTENCE OF FORMU-
LATIONS OF ANTIMYCIN
V.K. DAWSON, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bur. of Sport Fish. &
Wildlife, La Crosse, Wisconsin
Antimycin has been used extensively as a general fish toxi-
cant, but offers potential for selective removal of target species. It
is highly toxic to a wide variety of cold- and warm-water fish,
however, chemical and physical properties of the water influence
the efficacy, persistence, and economics of the toxicant. New for-
mulations of antimycin are being developed for specific treatment
purposes. A necessary step in the development and registration of
antimycin is a thorough evaluation of the efficacy of the formula-
tions and the persistence of antimycin under various conditions.
The toxicant formulations are subjected to trials in laborato-
ry water and pond water to establish applications that are effec-
tive against target species of fish. The persistence and rate of
detoxification under various conditions of temperature, pH, water
hardness, and exposure to sunlight are determined with fish bioas-
say and fluorometric analysis. Methods of artificial degradation of
antimycin are assessed and the data are evaluated to determine
the usefulness of new formulations and the fate of the toxicant in
the environment.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
2. AQUATIC PEST CONTROL
natural waters. Special attention is given to the influence of water
quality and temperature on the efficacy of these formulations.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
2.0247, ESTABLISH MINIMUM DOSES OF ANTIMYCIN
AND ROTENONE NEEDED FOR TOTAL KILLS OF TAR-
GET FISHES
P.A. GILDERHUS, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bur. of Sport Fish.
& Wildlife, La Crosse, Wisconsin
The elimination of undesirable species of fish with toxicants
requires that target fish be exposed to a particular concentration
of a toxicant for a particular length of time (Concentration plus
exposure equals dose). The length of exposure is particularly
critical in flowing water where the toxicant moves past the fish, or
in water where the toxicant is likely to undergo rapid natural
degradation.
Experiments are conducted in a flowing-water system. A
selected concentration of the toxicant is metered in at a constant
rate. Fish are exposed to the toxicant for selected periods of time,
after which they are moved to flowing, untreated water for obser-
vation. Tests are designed to define the length of time a particular
species must be exposed to a particular concentration of anti-
mycin or rotenone to incur 100 percent mortality within 96 hours
after the beginning of their exposure.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
2.0245, DEVELOPMENT OF RHODAMINE-B DYE TO
TRACE FLOW AND DISPERSION PATTERNS IN STREAMS
AS AN ADJUNCT TO TREATING STREAMS WITH FISH-
CONTROL CHEMICALS
P.A. GILDERHUS, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bur. of Sport Fish.
& Wildlife, La Crosse, Wisconsin
The removal of fish with toxicants is one of the important
tools available to fishery workers for managing streams. The
dispersion and dilution patterns vary considerably according to
the physical characteristics of the stream. In order to maintain the
proper concentration for the proper length of time in a stream,
the worker must have a knowledge of the dispersion patterns in
that particular stream. Applications of dyes are made for different
lengths of time in different types of streams and in flowing water
facilities in the laboratory and the dispersion characteristics are
evaluated by fluorometric analysis for the dye.
Specifically, the experiments are designed to evaluate the
dye as a tracer and to define parameters such as how long the dye
must be applied to give a true estimate of the dispersion of an ex-
tended application of toxicant, where the dye must be applied to
accurately predict where and how much a slug of toxicant must be
fortified to maintain the proper concentration, and generalized
formulae based on the physical characteristics to define the
dispersion characteristics in different types of streams.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
2.0246, THE EFFICACY OF NEW FORMULATIONS OF
ANTIMYCIN IN NATURAL LAKES AND STREAMS
P.A. GILDERHUS, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bur. of Sport Fish.
& Wildlife, La Crosse, Wisconsin
The successful reclamation of natural waters with toxicants is
dependent upon the proper formulations and application
techniques to facilitate an adequate distribution of the chemical.
In streams, problems arise from the need for sustained application
at many different points at the same time to maintain a concentra-
tion in the moving water. In lakes, it is necessary to get an even
distribution of chemical both horizontally and vertically in the
target body of water.
The manufacturer of antimycin has developed a solid bar for-
mulation which, when suspended in a stream, will dissolve at a
constant rate over a period of several hours. They also have
developed a deep-water granular formulation for use in lakes up
to 30 feet or more deep. This formulation is designed to release
the chemical evenly as it sinks to the bottom. Tests are conducted
to determine the efficacy of these formulations in appropriate
2.0248, DEVELOPMENTS OF METHODS RELATED TO
TESTING OF FISH CONTROL AGENTS BIOCHEMICAL
METHOD FOR SEXING FISH
J.B. HUNN, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bur. of Sport Fish. & Wil-
dlife, La Crosse, Wisconsin
Sexing of various species offish (gar, largemouth bass, etc.),
now being raised for research, is difficult when using only external
physical characteristics. It has been established that both female
fish and birds produce a lipophosphoprotein in the liver during
egg development which is transported to the ovary via the blood.
The highest blood levels of this protein are found prior to egg lay-
ing. This plasma protein complex will precipitate when diluted
with distilled water (1:5 to 1:9). No such protein is produced in
the male under normal conditions.
Blood samples will be drawn from mature, pre-spawning fish
and analyzed for hematocrit and lipophosphoprotein to deter-
mine the sex of the fish. Autopsy will be used to confirm the accu-
racy of this testing procedure.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
2.0249, ROUTE(S) OF EXCRETION OF QUINALDINE
SULFATE, A FISH ANESTHETIC
J.B. HUNN, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bur. of Sport Fish. & Wil-
dlife, La Crosse, Wisconsin
Quinaldine sulfate itself or in combination with MS-222 is an
effective anesthetic for a number of species of fish. Residues of
quinaldine are rapidly eliminated from fish usually within 24
hours of recovery in fresh water. However, the routes and relative
rates of excretion of this compound have yet to be established.
Rainbow trout are anesthetized with MS-222, catheterized
and placed into a urine collecting apparatus. Following recovery,
trout are re-anesthetized with quinaldine sulfate or a combination
of quinaldine sulfate and MS-222 and urine is collected at various
intervals following anesthesia. Residues of quinaldine are deter-
mined using a fluorometric or ultraviolet method of analysis.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
2.0250, IN VIVO AND IN VITRO STUDIES ON THE
MODE OF ACTION OF TFM
J.B. HUNN, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bur. of Sport Fish. & Wil-
dlife, La Crosse, Wisconsin
Studies by investigators in the Department of Pharmacology
of the Medical College of Wisconsin suggest that the action of
TFM (3- trifluoromethyl - 4-nitrophenol) in mammals may be
mediated via catecholamines.
1-111
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2. AQUATIC PEST CONTROL
Non-target fish, rainbow trout, and brown trout will be in-
jected with drugs that block the action of catecholamines. Trout
are exposed to lethal concentrations of TFM and effects of
catecholamines inhibition measured. Tissues from injected trout
are exposed to various concentrations of TFM in vitro to assess
the direct effects of TFM.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
2.0251, METABOLISM AND EXCRETION OF TFM
J.B. HUNN, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bur. of Sport Fish. & Wil-
dlife, La Crosse, Wisconsin
Biotransformation of TFM (3-trifluoromethyl-4-
nitrophenol) in rats takes place via reduction, sulfation, glucu-
ronidation and possibly acetylation. We have previously shown in
this laboratory that rainbow trout reduce and acetylate the prima-
ry amine of MS-222. Non-target fishes, rainbow trout and carp,
are exposed to TFM and the routes and rate of excretion deter-
mined.
Tissues from the above non-target species are incubated with
TFM to study the pathways for biotransformation.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
2.0252, THE EFFECTS OF TFM ON THE BLOOD
CHEMISTRY OF FISHES
J.B. HUNN, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bur. of Sport Fish. & Wil-
dlife, La Crosse, Wisconsin
TFM (3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol) has proven an effec-
tive control chemical on larval sea lamprey in freshwater streams.
The effects of TFM on non-target fishes have been little studied
although it has been suggested that TFM may have effects similar
to other nitrophenols.
To test this hypothesis, non-target fishes such as rainbow
trout, brown trout, white suckers, carp and northern pike are ex-
posed to TFM. Blood samples are taken after various intervals of
exposure and analyzed for Na, K, Ca, Mg, lactic acid, glucose,
andpH.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
2.0253, THE EFFECTS OF THANITE ON THE INOR-
GANIC BLOOD CHEMISTRIES OF FISHES
J.B. HUNN, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bur. of Sport Fish. & Wil-
dlife, La Crosse, Wisconsin
Thanite (isobornyl thiocyanoacetate) is a potential fish-col-
lecting aid due to the surfacing action elicited in fish. An evalua-
tion of the mode of action and its reversibility is needed before
Thanite can be used safely in the field. One action of cyanide is
the reversible inhibition of cellular oxidizing enzymes containing
iron. Laboratory measurements of blood cations are needed to
determine the severity and reversibility of any ionic imbalance
due to enzymatic inhibition.
Blood samples of selected species of fish are analyzed for
iron, calcium, magnesium, sodium, and potassium during expo-
sure to and recovery from the action of Thanite.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
2.0254, THE EFFECTS OF THANITE ON THE ACID-
BASE BALANCE IN THE BLOOD OF FISHES
J.B. HUNN, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bur. of Sport Fish. & Wil-
dlife, La Crosse, Wisconsin
Thanite, an organocyanide compound, shows promise as a
fish collecting aid because an effective concentration causes them
to surface. It is known that cyanide produces a cytotoxic anoxia
by reversibly inhibiting cellular oxidizing enzymes containing iron
in the ferric state. Laboratory studies are needed to determine the
extent of acid-base disturbances that fish can tolerate during their
exposure to and recovery from the action of Thanite.
Susceptible and resistant species such as rainbow trout and
carp are exposed to effective concentrations of Thanite. Effects
on acid- base balance are determined by measurements of pH,
total CO2, pCO2, and lactic acid concentrations in the blood.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
2.0255, STATIC BIOASSAY OF TOXICANTS AGAINST
FISH AND INVERTEBRATES
L.L. MARKING, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bur. of Sport Fish. &
Wildlife, La Crosse, Wisconsin
Fish toxicants for the control of undesirable fishes are
required by fishery managers and fish culturists. The toxicants
must be safe to man and non-target organisms, specific to target
species, and nonpersistent in the environment. A substantial
number of toxicants with distinctive characteristics and formula-
tions are needed by fishery managers and fish culturists to achieve
total, or selective control of problem fishes in: (1) marine or fresh
waters, (2) hard or soft waters, (3) cold or warm waters, (4) high
or low pH waters, (5) turbid or clear waters, (6) shallow or deep
waters, and ( 7) polluted or non-polluted waters.
Potential fish toxicants are subjected to short-term (acute),
static bioassays to determine concentrations that are lethal to 1-
to 3- in. and 1- to 3-gram rainbow trout, goldfish, carp, white
suckers, black bullheads, green sunfish, bluegills, yellow perch
and other selected species. Additional bioassays are conducted to
determine lethal concentrations (LCSO's) for the toxicants
against selected species of fish, fish eggs and aquatic invertebrates
in waters of different pH, water hardness, and temperature. Addi-
tional bioassays may demonstrate the persistence of the candidate
toxicant in water, and the effects on other selected organisms
within the environment. Following the bioassays, the potential of
a compound for further development as a fish toxicant is evalu-
ated. e
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
2.0256, STATIC BIOASSAY OF REPRODUCTIVE CON-
TROLS AGAINST FISH AND INVERTEBRATES
L.L. MARKING, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bur. of Sport Fish. &
Wildlife, La Crosse, Wisconsin
Fishery managers and fish culturists desire means to limit the
reproduction of fish. Some chemicals cause sterility in fish, but
much research remains to be done. Possibilities may include sex
reversal in adult or juvenile fish, or sterilization of fish by means
of hormones, chemosterilents, or radiation. Some chemicals in-
hibit the growth and development offish eggs.
A primary step in the development and registration of a
reproductive control is a thorough evaluation of its toxicity. Can-
didate reproductive controls are found in the literature or
referred to us by fish culturists and pathologists. Standard bioas-
say methods are used to establish concentrations that are toxic
and nontoxic to selected species of fish. Lethal concentrations
(LCSO's) are derived for selected life stages offish in waters of
different temperature, water hardness, and pH. Additional bioas-
says may demonstrate the persistence of the candidate reproduc-
tive control in water, the safety index, and the effect on other or-
ganisms within the environment. The toxicity established at vari-
ous exposures influences the selection of concentration to prove
efficacy. The results indicate whether the candidate control war-
rants further development as a tool for fishery management.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
2.0257, STATIC BIOASSAY OF COLLECTING AIDS
AGAINST FISH
L.L. MARKING, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bur. of Sport Fish. &
Wildlife, La Crosse, Wisconsin
Fishery managers, fish culturists, and fish fanners need
chemical aids that can be employed effectively and economically
for the collection of live fish. A collecting aid should cause in-
voluntary surfacing, reduced mobility, or stupefaction in fish, the
aid should act rapidly and allow recovery of the fish, and it should
be safe and nonpolluting in the environment. A primary step in
the development and registration of a collecting aid is a thorough
evaluation of its toxicity (safety) to fish
Candidate collecting aids are recognized in bioassays or
found in reviews of the literature. Standard bioassay methods are
1-112
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used to establish lethal and nonlethal concentrations for selected
species of fish. Lethal concentrations (LCSO's) are derived for
selected life stages of fish in waters of different temperature,
water hardness, and pH. Additional bioassays may demonstrate
the persistence of the chemical in water, and the effects on other
organisms within the environment. The data on toxicity indicate
whether the chemical warrants further development as a collect-
ing aid.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
2.0258, STATIC BIOASSAY OF ATTRACTANTS AND
REPELLANTS AGAINST FISH AND INVERTEBRATES
L.L. MARKING, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bur. of Sport Fish. &
Wildlife, La Crosse, Wisconsin
Fish managers, fish culturists, fish farmers and others require
means to attract or repel fish. Chemical attractants or repellants
may be employed in harvesting fish, in directing the migration of
fish away from irrigation ditches or hydroelectric hazards, and in
conjunction with toxicants or collecting aids in achieving control
of rough fish. A primary step in the development and registration
of an attractant or repellant is a thorough evaluation of its toxicity
(safety) to fish.
A candidate attractant or repellent is recognized in bioassays
or in reviews of the literature. Standard bioassay methods are
used to establish lethal and nonlethal concentrations for selected
species of fish. Lethal concentrations (LCSO's) are derived for
selected life stages of fish in waters of different temperature,
water hardness, and pH. Additional bioassays may demonstrate
the persistence of the chemicals in water and the effects on other
organisms within the environment. Special testing apparatus may
be employed to further evaluate the toxicity and prove efficacy.
The data on toxicity indicate whether the candidate warrants
further development as a fish attractant or repellant.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior Bu. Sport Fish.
2.0259, CONTINUOUS FLOW BIOASSAY OF TOXICANTS
AGAINST FISH AND INVERTEBRATES
L.L MARKING, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bur. of Sport Fish. &
Wildlife, La Crosse, Wisconsin
Fish toxicants for the control of undesirable fishes are
required by fishery managers and fish culturists. The toxicants
must be safe to man and non-target organisms, effective on target
species, and nonpersistent in the environment, A substantial
number of toxicants with distinctive characteristics and formula-
tions are needed by fishery managers and fish culturists to achieve
total, or selective control of problem fishes in: (1) marine or fresh
waters, (2) hard or soft waters, (3) cold or warm waters, (4) high
or low pH waters, (5) turbid or clear waters, (6) shallow or deep
waters, and (7) polluted or non-polluted waters.
Potential fish toxicants are subjected to short-term (acute),
continuous flow bioassays to determine concentrations that are
lethal to rainbow trout, goldfish, carp, white suckers, black bull-
heads, green sunfish, bluegills, yellow perch and other selected
species of fish. Additional bioassays are conducted to determine
lethal concentrations (LCSO's) of the toxicants against selected
species offish, fish eggs and aquatic invertebrates in waters of dif-
ferent quality and temperature. Additional bioassays may demon-
strate the persistence of the candidate toxicant in water, the long-
term (chronic) toxicity to fish, and the effects on other selected
organisms within the environment. Following the bioassays, the
potential of a compound for further development as a fish toxi-
cant is evaluated.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
2.0260, EFFECTS OF FISH CONTROL ACTS ON BLOOD
CHEM & HEMATOPOIETIC TISSUE OF FISH. EFFECTS OF
ANTIMYCIN A. ON ACID-BASE BALANCE IN BLOOD OF
FISH
R-A. SCHOETTGER, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bur. of Sport
Fish. & Wildlife, La Crosse, Wisconsin
The literature shows that antimycin A is a strong inhibitor of
electron transport in the oxidative-phosphorylation system.
2. AQUATIC PEST CONTROL
Preliminary research indicates that a major physiological effect of
antimycin on fish is a disruption of acid-base balance. Laboratory
studies are needed to determine whether the effect is different in
different species, and whether the concentration of the bicar-
bonate ion in the external environment may influence the
physiological effects of antimycin.
Resistant and susceptible species such as channel catfish and
rainbow trout respectively are treated with antimycin. Effects on
acid- base balance are determined by measurements of pH, and
CO2 and lactic concentrations in the blood. Hematological
parameters are measured in fish which are exposed to antimycin
in waters of different qualities.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
2.0261, THE EFFECTIVENESS OF MCN-JR-7464 AS AN
ANESTHETIC FOR SELECTED SPECIES OF FISH (AB-
BREV)
R.A. SCHOETTGER, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bur. of Sport
Fish. & Wildlife, La Crosse, Wisconsin
Anesthetics are used widely in the culture and management
of sport and commercial species. Laboratory tests of potential
anesthetics are needed to define effective and safe concentrations
which may be employed to facilitate the handling or transport of
fish.
The chemical is tested on selected species such as rainbow
trout, brown trout, brook trout, lake trout, channel catfish,
bluegill, and largemouth bass. Concentrations and exposure times
for desired depths of anesthesia are determined. Recovery time is
recorded for brief and extended periods of anesthesia. The tests
are conducted at 7,12,17,22 and 27 degrees C. The influences of
pH, water hardness, size of fish, and repeated anesthetization on
the efficacy of McN-JR-7464 are measured. Anesthetized fish are
recovered in fresh water and held for several weeks to observe
post-treatment mortality, general condition and appetite. They
are also given periodic hematological examinations. The toxicity
of the compound to reproductive products offish is determined.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
2.0262, THE EFFECTS OF ANTIMYCIN A ON THE
METABOLISM OF SELECTED TISSUES IN FISH (ABBREV)
G.E. SVENDSEN, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bur. of Sport Fish. &
Wildlife, La Crosse, Wisconsin
The literature indicates that antimycin A is a strong inhibitor
of electron transport in the oxidative phosphorylation system.
The tissues or organs of fish which are affected by the chemical,
however, have not been distinguished. Laboratory tests are
needed to determine whether the effects of antimycin are general
or specific to certain tissues, and whether they differ according to
species susceptibility or method of treatment.
Resistant and susceptible species such as bullhead and rain-
bow trout respectively are treated with antimycin A by IP injec-
tion or by exposing them to solutions of the toxicant. After vari-
ous periods of exposure, treated and control fish are killed and
various tissues, for example, gill, brain, liver, kidney and muscle
are dissected. The metabolic rates of tissues, measured manomet-
rically, are used to evaluate the effects of antimycin. The results
are compared with in vitro effects of antimycin on tissue metabol-
ism.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
2.0263, EXPERIMENTAL RECLAMATION OF TROUT
STREAMS THROUGH CHEMICAL TREATMENT
E.L. AVERY, State Dept. of Nat. Resources, Madison, Wisconsin
53701
Objective: Determine the degree of improvement that occurs
in trout fisheries in chemically reclaimed streams as a result of
eliminating or drastically reducing competitor and/or predator
species of fish.
Procedures: Job 105.1 - Survey various trout streams
throughout the state after consulting with management personnel,
and select 2 or 3 streams suitable for intensive study. Job 105.2 -
Determine the standing crops by number and weight, survival,
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2. AQUATIC PEST CONTROL
growth, and condition factors at least twice annually for each age
group of trout for 2 years prior to chemical treatment and 2-3
years after treatment. Job 105.3 Determine the standing crops
by species, number and weight of all major species of fish, other
than trout, that can be adequately sampled, and relate the
presence or absence of these potential competitors or predators
to the trout carrying capacity and trout fishery before and after
chemical treatment.
Job 105.4 - Determine changes in number, weight, and kinds
of benthic and drift invertebrates that constitute potentially im-
portant food resources for trout after competition for these forms
has been eliminated or greatly reduced by chemical treatment.
Job 105.5 - Determine the angler harvests and exploitation rates
of trout in study streams before and after chemical reclamation.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
2.0264, ASSESSMENT OF LAKE TROUT AND AS-
SOCIATED SPECIES IN LAKES MICHIGAN AND SUPERI-
OR
R. POFF, State Dept. of Nat. Resources, Madison, Wisconsin
53701
Objectives: Primary objective is to determine and develop
management techniques that will reestablish lake trout and allied
species in sufficient numbers to permit sustained commercial fish-
ing. Studies will include: (1) Effectiveness of lamprey control. (2)
Appraisals of stocking and natural reproduction. (3) Trout Ecolo-
gy. (4) Stocking - Harvesting Relationships. (5) Growth and
Maturity. (6) Appraisals of commercial and sports fisheries har-
vests.
Procedures: Systematic collection of data from cooperators
and and contract data from contractors and coordinators and
from the direct collection of project personnel.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Commerce - N.O.A.A.
2.0265, CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION OF BIOLOGI-
CALLY IMPORTANT NATURAL PRODUCTS
P.M. STRONG, Univ. of Wisconsin, Agricultural Experiment
Sta., Madison, Wisconsin (WIS01409)
OBJECTIVE: Reasons for relative insensitivity of bullheads
and catfish to antimycin. Occurrence of 3-methyl-2-hexenoic acid
in sweat of schizophrenic and normal persons. Differentiation fac-
tors for Ceratocystis ulmi.
APPROACH: Fish are placed in water containing desired
concentrations of H-randomly labeled antimycin and their tissues
later monitored for H distribution. Bioassay of antimycin after ex-
posure to homogenates of various fish tissues is used to reveal
degradation and/or binding of the antibiotic. A liver esterase
which inactivates antimycin is being purified. Gas chromato-
graphic analysis of the acid fraction of human sweat is being used
to determine whether 3-methyl-2-hexenoic or other acids are
characteristically produced by schizophrenics and not by normal
persons. Laboratory cultures of Ceratocystis ulmi (causative
agent of Dutch Elm Disease) produce coremia in the presence of
elm bark extract. The active substance(s) is being purified and
identified.
SUPPORTED BY Wisconsin State Government - Madison
2D. SNAILS AND OTHER AQUATIC PESTS OR
PREDATORS
( Control of Marine Mollusks, Freshwater or Land Snails, Bird or Mammal
Predators)
2.0266, CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC CONTROL OF
SCHISTOSOMIASIS BY HORMONES
B. GILBERT, Univ. Do Brasil, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil
To study chemical factors involved in the life cycles of
schistosoma mansoni and trypanosoma cruzi and their vectors
and, based on knowledge of thesd, develop prophylactic methods
in schistosomiasis and chagas' disease. This study is designed to
increase effectiveness prophylaxis against or treatment of
schistosomiasis, a medical problem of major concern to the U.S.
Armed Forces when operating in endemic areas of the world.
By the use of chromatography, factors involved in growth
and reproduction of s. mansoni, t. cruzi, and their vectors, will be
isolated. Terpenes and other natural products, and synthetic hor-
mones will be tested for activity in the same parasites and vectors
(See Report No. 4, Grant DAHC19-69-G-0016).
Eleven terpenoids have been shown to inhibit skin penetra-
tion by schistosome cercariae (J. Parasitol. 1970, 56,397 and re-
port cited). Transformation of cercariae to schistosomules is
trigered by a phospholipid. Growth inhibition by crowding of the
snail vector biomphalaria glabrata has been shown to be related
to diminished iron uptake. A residual molluscicide based on tribu-
tyltin oxide has been developed (Reports Nos. 3 and 4 OF Grant
cited). The use of an insect juvenile hormone has been shown to
inhibit adult development in rhodnius neglectus, a vector of t.
cruzi.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Defense - Army
2.0267, EVALUATION OF EFFECTS OF SATURATED
HYDROCARBONS ON PRESERVATIVE QUALITY OF
CREOSOTE
H.P. VIND, U.S. Navy, Civil Engineering Lab., Pan Hueneme,
California
Objective: Evaluate paraffinic waxes and other saturated
hydrocarbons as agents for preventing bleeding and leaching of
wood preservatives from marine timbers.
Approach: Small specimens of wood impregnated with vari-
ous mixtures of creosote and paraffinic hydrocarbons were placed
in sea water aquaria well stocked with marine borers of the spe-
cies Limnoria tripunctata. The times required for the marine
borers to sever the specimens of wood were employed as mea-
sures of the effectiveness of the preservative mixtures.
The evaluation of mixtures of various petroleum products
and cresote as preservatives for marine timbers was completed in
Fy 68. The petroleum products had only minor influence on
preservative quality. The draft of a technical note describing the
investigation has been written and is now being reviewed.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Defense Navy
2.0268, BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF SNAILS
G.E. CARMAN, Univ. of California, Agricultural Experiment
Sta., Riverside, California 92502 (CA-RO-SSE-1417)
OBJECTIVE: Develop more effective and practical means of
control of the European brown snail.
APPROACH: Emphasis will be placed on an extensive
laboratory screening program to determine the relative toxicity of
candidate materials to the snail when ingested and when applied
as contact poisons and on the subsequent field evaluation of
promising materials. In support of these studies and as
background for the development of other means of control in-
vestigations concerning the biology and behavior of this snail spe-
cies will also be undertaken.
PROGRESS: Field trials were undertaken to determine the
utility of low volume concentrate spray applications for the con-
trol of the European brown garden snail, Helix aspersa Miller, on
citrus. Azinphosmethyl used at the rate of 2 pounds actual per
acre in 100 gallons per acre as a concentrate spray was as effec-
tive as the same amount of toxicant applied manually as a dilute
spray (500 gallons per acre). Concentrate spray applications of
azinphosmethyl ranging from 0.5 to 4.0 pounds actual per acre
demonstrated only a limited tendency for improved control as the
dosage was increased. Continuing field tests with the carbamates
Mesurol(Reg), methomyl, and carbofuran applied as baits
demonstrated their relatively high effectiveness when formulated
with either apple pomace or bran substrates. Over 200 candidate
molluscicides were screened in the laboratory. Compounds NIA
15267, Hercules 19223, American Cyanamid EM-72613 and
Lovozol(Reg) demonstrated sufficient promise to justify involve-
ment in preliminary field trials.
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SUPPORTED BY California State Government - Sacramento
2.0269, BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF SNAILS AND
SLUGS
T W. FISHER, Univ. of California, Agricultural Experiment Sta.,
Riverside, California 92502 (CA-RO-SSE-2037)
OBJECTIVE: Investigate biological control of common
garden slugs and snails, Helix aspersa in particular, and aquatic
snails which are intermediate hosts of the trematode Fasciola
hepatica, or liver fluke of livestock.
APPROACH: Determine the distribution of the pests and
their natural enemies. Assess the level of natural control as it now
exists in Calfornia. Search for natural enemies, their importation,
mass- production, and colonization. Evaluation of importations.
PROGRESS: Feeding tests with Marisa cornuarietis in-
dicated it will consume four species of common aquatic weeds
and will consume submerged young rice seedlings. This aquatic
snail feeds actively at water temperatures above 70 F. At 60 F it is
sluggish and prolonged exposure to 50 F is fatal. Because of
prevailing water temperatures in rice growing areas of California
and the method of culture (periodic dry periods), it is doubtful
that Marisa would pose a threat to the rice industry in this state.
This species is of tropical origin and must have warm water con-
tinually to do well. In this sense it may hold potential for control
of aquatic weeds in warm springs and streams. A periodic release
program will be necessary to utilize the species for weed control
in desert ponds, because of occasional periods of too low tem-
perature. Field survey and taxonomic studies with the Scio-
myzidae (Diptera) over the past six years provides a firm base for
planned ecological studies in the field.
SUPPORTED BY California State Government - Sacramento
2.0270, SCHISTOSOME CONTROL BY TREMATODE AN-
TAGONISM
KJ. LIE, Univ. of California, School of Medicine, San Francisco,
California 94\\2
Dispersal of eggs of 'Echinostoma malayanum' into a pond
resulted in control of infection of 'Schistosoma spindale' in the
snail Indoplanorbis exustus. Control was achieved by three
means: 1. Trematode antagonism; 2. Microsporidian epidemic.
Considerable increase of trematode infection among the snails
was associated with a microsporidian epidemic, affecting the tre-
matode larvae and leading to suppression of cercarial production.
The hyperparasite was 'Perezia helminthorum'; 3. Considerable
decrease in the snail population due to parasitic castration and a
high mortality among infected snails. The most important factor
in the control of 'S. spindale' was probably trematode an-
tagonism. This type of biological control is self limiting. The
dominant parasites control the subordinate ones, but ultimately
they also control themselves by inducing a microsporidian
epidemic and by causing a considerable decrease in the snail
population. Attempts are now being made to repeat the experi-
ment on a large scale and also to use other combinations of
parasites which show antagonism of higher efficiency.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Hlth. Ed. & Wei. - N.I.H.
2.0271, NATURAL HISTORY OF PREDATORS AND
COMPETITORS (PREDATOR CONTROL PROGRAM)
C.L. MACKENZIE, U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Natl. Marine Fishe-
ries Service, Milford, Connecticut 06460
Because of a scarcity of seed oysters in Long Island Sound,
more efficient control of predators and competitors becomes im-
perative.
Control of oyster drills and starfish has been achieved. To
make control methods more efficient, however, we are presently
studying various aspects of the biology of both predators. Particu-
lar emphasis has been placed on studying feeding rates of each at
various salinities and temperatures, and also on the behavior of
these and other enemies on oyster beds as observed by SCUBA
divers.
Divers have observed that young starfish hid underneath
shells during the day. We are presently attempting to determine
the reason they do this.
2. AQUATIC PEST CONTROL
To better equip the shellfish producer to apply more efficient
control methods for Stylochus, Crepidula and barnacles, the prin-
cipal competitors of oysters, we plan to study various stages of
their life cycles.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Commerce - N.O.A.A.
2.0272, EVALUATION OF WATERFOWL PREDATOR
CONTROL METHODS
C.A. LESSER, State Div. of Fish & Wildlife, Dover, Delaware
19901
Objectives: To control waterfowl predators and determine
effects on waterfowl production.
Procedures: Live traps and steel traps will be utilized to trap
mammals on the study area. All animals captured in live traps will
be transferred to areas with depleted populations or destroyed.
Records of catches will be kept to determine the most efficient
trapping methods. Snapping turtles will also be controlled by
commercial trappers utilizing baited hooks and baited pots.
Hourly personnel will be hired to assist in mammal trapping.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
2.0273, SEA NETTLE STUDIES IN CHESAPEAKE BAY,
LIFE HISTORY AND ECOLOGY
L.P, SCHULTZ, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, District of
Columbia 20560
The purpose of this study is to find out as much as possible
about the life history and ecology of the summer sea nettle
(Chrysaora) in Chesapeake Bay with the view to eventually con-
trolling its abundance.
SUPPORTED BY Smithsonian Institution
2.0274, EXPERIMENTS TO RE-ESTABLISH HISTORICAL
OYSTER SEED GROUNDS AND TO CONTROL THE
SOUTHERN OYSTER DRILL
J.F. POLLARD, State Div. of Oysters, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
Objectives: To test various materials to determine which is
best suited for use as cultch and to determine through cultch
plantings which areas are suitable for re-establishing pre-existing
oyster seed grounds. To determine a feasible method of con-
trolling the intrusion of the Southern oyster drill in areas east of
the Mississippi River.
Procedures: Experimental plantings of cultch material will be
made to determine spat set, growth, and production. Various
types of cultch material will be used to determine which yields the
best spat set. An attempt will be made to outline the present natu-
ral seed area free of the oyster drill. Introduction of fresh Missis-
sippi River into the saline waters will be evaluated, to see if it
reduces the damage caused by the oyster drill.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Commerce N.O.A.A.
2.0275, EFFECTS OF WATER EXCHANGE AND BLUE
CRAB CONTROL ON SHRIMP PRODUCTION IN LOUI-
SIANA SALT-MARSH IMPOUNDMENTS
C.D. ROSE, Francis T. Nicholls State Coll, Graduate School,
Thibodaux, Louisiana 70301
This project continues the research begun two years ago at
Nicholls State College to determine the feasibility of growing
shrimp in artificial impoundments in the Louisiana marshlands.
During the first two years it was shown that simple management
of the impoundments could produce a crop nine times as valuable
as that growing in an unmanaged impoundment. The current pro-
ject will attempt to determine the effect of water exchange in the
impoundment and show predator (blue crab) control. Two ponds
will be utilized, one receiving tidal flow, the other lacking tidal
flow to determine the effect of water exchange. Another im-
poundment will be divided into fifteen natural bottom enclosures,
each measuring 2,500 square feet to ascertain the effect of crab
control. In addition, three outdoor spawning impoundments con-
taining adult shrimp will be heated during the winter to determine
if spawning can be induced in a semi-natural marsh enclosure by
temperature manipulation.
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2. AQUATIC PEST CONTROL
SUPPORTED BY U.S. National Science Foundation
2.0276, THE BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF THE SNAIL
INTERMEDIATE HOST OF SCH1STOSOMES
C.S. RICHARDS, U.S. Dept. of Hlth. Ed. & Wei., P.H.S. Natl.
Insts. of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20014
Parasites of mollusks are studied to determine: their identity,
molluscan host range, mode of transmission, localization and
pathology of infection, relation to schistosome infections, and
potential use for biological control.
Selection and crossing experiments are conducted to find ad-
ditional genetic markers in 'Biomphalaria glabrata', to increase
knowledge of molluscan susceptibility to infection and to mol-
luscicides.
Abnormal tissue growths observed in the course of the above
investigations are studied to determine their cause; genetic, infec-
tion, or other.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Hlth. Ed. & Wei. - N.I.H.
2.0277, BIOLOGY AND BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF
SCHISTOSOMIASIS
E. CHERNIN, Harvard University, School of Public Health,
Boston, Massachusetts 02115
In an effort to resolve the controversial issue that snails
produce an 'attractant' influencing the behavior of miracidia, a
test system was devised to study reactions of Schistosoma man-
soni miracidia to water- soluble substances emanating from
Biomphalaria glabrata. Substances from these and unrelated
snails altered miracidial behavior dramatically; non-molluscan
aquatic invertebrates do not seem to produce the stimulant. The
behavior of stimulated miracidia resembles that seen near snails
and suggests a chemo-kinesis rather than a chemotaxis. Efforts
are underway to identify the stimulant. In other studies, the
crystalline styles of two species of Oncomelania were analyzed by
polyacrylic gel electrophoresis; the styles differ in various ways
but are most easily distinguished by differences in alkaline
phosphatase isoenzymes. Finally, an unusual parasite,
Aspidogaster conchicola has been found in two local species of
Viviparus; the natural infections and their pathology have been
described together with observations on the morphology and in
vitro maintenance of the parasite.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Hlth. Ed. & Wei. - N.I.H.
2.0278, SWIMMER'S ITCH - INTERMEDIATE HOSTS,
DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY
E.G. BERRY, Univ. of Michigan, Museum of Zoology, Ann Arbor,
Michigan 48104
Description: The aim of this project is to investigate and
determine (a) the species of cercariae which cause swimmer's
itch in lakes and streams occurring within a radius of 200 miles
from Ann Arbor, Michigan: (b) to collect and identify the fresh-
water snails from the above radius and determine their natural
rates of susceptibility for swimmer itch infections; (c) to in-
vestigate species of birds and/or small mammals which serve as
definitive hosts for these parasites; (d) to investigate the seasonal
distribution of the cercariae when swimmer's itch becomes a local
problem in each of the several lakes within the above radius; (e)
to establish in the laboratory the snails which serve as inter-
mediate hosts and to infect the young from these specimens with
miracidia to produce the swimmer's itch cercariae; (f) with cer-
cariae liberated from the above snails infect laboratory experi-
mental definitive hosts (e.g., canaries, mice or hamsters; (g)
gather data which will be pertinent for control of snail hosts, e.g.,
bionomics of the snail, optimum age the snail becomes infected,
number of miracidia required for high rates of infection, ecologi-
cal habitats for each of the species of snails which serve as inter-
mediate hosts, etc.; (h) length of time required for infection to
develop in snails at various temperatures; (i) average numbers of
cercariae shed by different species of snails, (j) time of day the
cercariae are released from the snail; (k) the minimum number of
hours at various temperatures when the cercariae cease to
provoke swimmer's itch. All of these factors are pertinent prior to
attempting control programs for this irritating environmental
problem.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Environ. Protect. Agency - O.O.W.P.
2.0279, SWIMMER'S ITCH - INTERMEDIATE HOST, DIS-
TRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY „ . . . . , Al
E.G. BERRY, Univ. of Michigan, School of Arts, Ann Arbor,
Michigan 48104 . .
The aim of this project is to investigate and determine (a) the
species of cercariae which cause swimmer's itch in lakes and
streams occurring within a radius of 200 miles from Ann Arbor,
Michigan; (b) to collect and identify the freshwater snails from
the above radius and determine their natural rates of susceptibili-
ty for swimmer itch infections; c) to investigate species of birds
and or small mammals which serve as definitive hosts for these
parasites; d) to investigate the seasonal distribution of the cer-
cariae when swimmer's itch becomes a local problem in each of
the several lakes within the above radius; e) to establish in the
laboratory the snails which serve as intermediate hosts and to in-
fect the young from these specimens with miracidia to produce
the swimmer's itch cercariae; f) with cercariae liberated from the
above snails infect laboratory experimental definitive hosts (e.g.
canaries, mice or hamsters); g) gather data which will be per-
tinent for control of snail hosts, e.g. bionomics of the snail, op-
timum age the snail becomes infected, number of miracidia
required for high rates of infection, ecological habitats for each of
the species of snails which serve as intermediate hosts, etc; h)
length of time required for infection to develop in snails at various
temperatures; i) average numbers of cercariae shed by different
species of snails; j) time of day the cercaries are released from the
snail k) the minimum number of hours at various temperatures
when the cercariae cease to provoke swimmer's itch. All of these
factors are pertinent prior to attempting control programs for this
irritating environmental problem.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - F. Wtr. Qua. Adm.
2.0280, INCIDENCE BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF
FASCIOLA HEPATICA IN THE SOUTHWEST
R.W. ALLEN, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Parasite Research
Laboratory, Las Graces, New Mexico (ADPB3-27)
OBJECTIVE: Define areas where Fasciola occurs; determine
incidence in cattle, sheep, and reservior hosts; identify snail vec-
tors and test control methods, and look for drugs effective in
removing all stages from sheep and cattle.
APPROACH: Sample sheep and cattle in suspect areas to
define boundaries and determine incidence and intensities of liver
fluke infection. Collect snails from contaminated pastures for
direct examination and for rearing and experimental infections in
the laboratory. After identification of snail vectors, to investigate
means of snail control by chemical or biological means. Treat
naturally and experimentally infected sheep with promising drugs
in an effort to remove all developmental stages of flukes from ru-
minant livers.
PROGRESS: The number of counties known to be enzootic
for Fasciola hepatica as determined by our studies includes one in
Colorado, one in Arizona, and six in New Mexico. Approximately
35 percent of the cattle and sheep sampled in habitats suitable for
snails were infected. The snails so far incriminated in the trans-
mission of fascioliasis are Fossaria modicella, Stagnicola palustris,
and S. bulimoides. Rouen ducks reduced the natural population
of potential snail vectors by 93 percent in controlled tests within
an endemic area in eastern Arizona. Six 9-week old ducks were
confined within four 100 square foot areas for 23 hours each and
the snail population estimated before and after introduction of
the ducks. The percent reduction of lymnaeid snails within the 4
plots ranged from 90 to 95 percent. Preliminary work involving
lamb feeding trials indicated that metacercariae of F hepatica are
destroyed in passage through the digestive tract of the ducks. This
provides an added advantage in controlling fascioliasis Prelimi-
nary tests indicate that extracts from broom snakeweed, Gutier-
rezia sarothrae, caused from 50 to 100 percent mortal^ in cul-
tures of S. palustns, when the plant material was allowedI to soak
in the water of the cultures from 1 to 24 hours Broom
1-116
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snakeweed, one of the common range plants in the Southwest, is
toxic when eaten by livestock. The toxic material is saponin,
which probably is the agent active against snails. The minimum
level necessary to control snails will be determined.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - A.R.S. - V.S.R
2.0281, BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF TERRESTRIAL
MOLLUSCS
F.D. JUDGE, New York State Agric. Sta., Geneva, New York
14456 (NYG00560)
OBJECTIVE: Develop effective programs for the control of
terrestrial molluscs. Investigate pertinent aspects of life-cycle and
behaviour.
APPROACH: Laboratory cultures of certain terrestrial mol-
luscs will be initiated. Initially the gray garden slug Deroceras
reticulatum Muller will be used. From these cultures aspects of
life-cycle will be studied such as time taken to hatch, time to
reach reproductive maturity, number of fertile eggs produced,
etc., at various temperatures. In addition, the amount of food con-
sumed and the activity of molluscs at different light/humidi-
ty/temperature regimes will be studied. Screening programs for
the evaluation of materials as candidate molluscicides will be car-
ried out initially in the laboratory and greenhouse and the best
materials from these programs will be evaluated in the Meld.
SUPPORTED BY New York State Government - Albany
2.0282, BIOLOGICAL STUDIES OF MALACOPHAGOUS
DIPTERA
CO. BERG, Cornell University, Graduate School, Ithaca, New
York 14850
Biological studies of malacophagous Diptera (Sciomyzidae)
have identified some especially intriguing and potentially reward-
ing avenues of further research and laid the groundwork for con-
centrated effort on them. Progress made earlier includes studies
of the natural history and ecological relationships of 180 species
of Sciomyzidae. The larvae of all reared species are predatory or
parasitoid killers of aquatic snails, land snails, slugs, and fingernail
clams. Three unrelated investigations suggested and made possi-
ble by past research are now proposed, two in environmental and
one in physiological biology. The first of these will focus on the
toxic principle produced in the salivary glands of these fly larvae
and its physiological effects on slugs. Secondly, population regu-
lation in snails through predation by sciomyzid larvae will be ex-
amined. Finally, an intensive study of the biology, ecology,
morphology of the immature stages, and phylogenetic relation-
ships of all species of the genus Dicty a.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. National Science Foundation
2.0283, EUROPEAN SCIOMYZIDAE
CO. BERG, State University of New York, Agricultural Experi-
ment Sta., Ithaca, New York 14850 (NYC00644)
OBJECTIVE: Find particularly efficient species of snail-
killing flies, acquire the necessary knowledge of their biology, and
introduce them for biological control into regions having serious
snail or slug problems.
APPROACH: We are rearing and studying all possible spe-
cies of snail or slug-killing flies from all parts of the world to
determine: the mean number of mollusks killed by an individual
in each species of fly, the fecundity and average generation time
in each species, any selectivity for species, size, or habitat of snail
displayed by fly larvae, natural resistance or escape methods,
especially in the dangerous and destructive species of mollusks,
searching methods and mean searching time of fly larvae under
various conditions, and other biological attributes of both the
snails and the flies that must be understood before we can hope
realistically to control any snail pest by introducing a snail-killing
fly-
PROGRESS: The major tangible accomplishment during
1969 was publication of the 3 large papers listed below. In addi-
tion, a paper on biology and immature stages of Salticella fasciata,
a European sciomyzid fly having very interesting larval habits,
was completed and submitted to (and accepted by) the Royal En-
2. AQUATIC PEST CONTROL
tomological Society. A taxonomic revision of the South American
genus Tetanoceroides is almost finished and ready for publica-
tion. Much progress has been made on 3 doctoral dissertations on
different aspects of this research problem by Jay Abercrombie,
Karl Valley, and Jan Zuska. Finally, preliminary negotiations
have taken place between the principal investigator and 2
scientists in Latin America who are vitally concerned with snail
problems and anxious to investigate the possibilities of biological
control with sciomyzid flies.
SUPPORTED BY New York State Government - Albany
2.0284, 'A METHOD OF DESTROYING ONCOMELANIA-
THE SNAIL VECTOR OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS'
N.F. CARDARELLI, Univ. of Akron, Undergraduate School,
Akron, Ohio 44304
It has been discovered that a known molluscicide combined
with an attractant and properly formulated will rapidly and effec-
tively destroy marine snails. It is believed that the same or similar
materials spread as a bait granule will be effective against On-
comelania. The pellet will be easy to handle and measure, rela-
tively non-toxic to humans and higher animals, long-lasting, sta-
ble, and 100% effective in destroying Oncomelania and perhaps
other amphibious snails of economic importance.
The major attractants vary from Sodium alginate to wheat
paste, fish flour & casein. The different attractants and mollusci-
cides are being tested in Oncomelania formosana.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Defense - Army
2.0285, METHOD OF KILLING ONCOMELANIA &
AQUATIC SNAIL VECTORS OF SCfflSTOSOMIASIS
N.F. CARDARELLI, Univ. of Akron, Graduate School, Akron,
Ohio 44304
Molluscicides such as organotins, organoleads, & Bay-73 are
incorporated into acrylic compounds containing a snail attrac-
tant. The snail moves to and ingests the pellet, mortality occuring
within minutes. Pellets are water insoluable thus not polluting the
immediate environment. Attractant are species specific. Similar
preparations are prepared and evaluated against amphibious
snails. The goal is to find a more effective weapon against
Schistosomiasis vectors, in terms of extended life, greater econo-
my, better dispersion, and easier handling.
Specific toxicants used are Bay-73, bis(tri-n-butyl-tin) oxide,
tributyltin acetate, tributyltin resinate, triphenyllead laurate, &
tripenyl lead acetate. Attractants vary from Beef heart infusion
agar to powdered lettuce. Snail genera used are fluke infected
Helisoma trivolvis, and non-infected Vivaparus, H. planorbis,
Polygyra, Oncomelania, Emarginata, & Stagnicola. Binders are of
the hydrophillic acrylics crosslinked for use in alkaline waters, of
the 'Carboset' (trademark) family.
SUPPORTED BY Ford Foundation - New York, N.Y.
2.0286, DEVELOPMENT OF A TOXIC BAIT
N.F. CARDARELLI, Univ. of Akron, Graduate School, Akron,
Ohio 44304 (NIH-70-2273)
Independently and not as an agent of the Government, the
Contractor shall exert its best efforts to: 1. Conduct experiments
in an effort to develop an optimal economic bait formulation that
would be practical and effective for use against 'Biomphalaria
glabrata' and other vectors of Schistosomiasis. 2. Study several
compound variations which include the toxicant, attractant,
binder, in the formulation of a pellet. Evaluation will be per-
formed initially at the Creative Biological Laboratory in Akron,
Ohio. Candidate formulations will be evaluated as to their effec-
tiveness with infected and non-infected snails and various non-in-
fected Schistosomiasis vectors recommended by the Project Of-
ficer.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Hlth. Ed. & Wei. - N.I.H.
2.0287, STUDY THE BIOLOGY OF A GROUP OF SNAIL-
KILLING FLIES
B.A. FOOTE, Kent State University, School of Arts, Kent, Ohio
44240
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2. AQUATIC PEST CONTROL
To study the biology of a group of snail-killing flies; this may
help in developing a biological agent rather than a polluting
chemical poison that will destroy snail hosts that transmit the
flukes that cause the dread disease, Schistosomaisis. Special
Techniques: collecting trips; field observations; and certain
laboratory rearings will be conducted. Representative material of
the eggs, three larval instars, and puparia will be preserved. The
preserved material subsequently will serve as the basis for
detailed studies of the morphology of the immature stages and
will permit, valid comparisons between and within genera. A
comparative study of the larval feeding habits will be made so that
a deeper insight into the phenomenon of adaptive radiation within
the family can be obtained. This study may allow for the recogni-
tion of previously unsuspected evolutionary trends.
SUPPORTED BY Natl. Geographic Soc. Washington, D.C.
2.0288, ENTOMOLOGICAL PESTS OF VEGETABLE
CROPS
H.H. CROWELL, Oregon State University, Agricultural Experi-
ment Sta., Corvallis, Oregon 97331 (ORE00086)
OBJECTIVE: Study the biology and habits of insects and cer-
tain other invertebrate animals associated with vetegable crops.
Develop control measures for entomological pests of vegetable
crops. Study the side effects of control measures as regards other
entomological fauna associated with vegetable crops, on the
growth and quality of the crops, and on the possible existence of
toxic residues remaining on produce at harvest time.
APPROACH: Studies made on the biology, habits, and natu-
ral enemies of entomological pests of vegetable crops. Adaptation
of cultural controls and horticultural practices for crop protection
investigated. Testing of insecticidal chemicals conducted. Study
complications arising from use of control measures, such as
changes in produce flavors, presence of toxic residues, and effects
on other fauna and flora associated with vegetable production.
PROGRESS: Cabbage maggot: Dipping of bare rooted trans-
plants of 4 major cole crops in emulsions of diazinon, BAY 37289
or BAY 77488 did not produce detectable phytotoxic effects.
Maggot control with BAY 37289 was excellent on all 4 varieties
after 35 days. Diazinon and BAY 77488 gave moderate protec-
tion on broccoli and brussel sprouts; slight protection to cabbage;
and showed no differences from the untreated check on cau-
liflower. All 3 treatments gave excellent protection against a
heavy symphylan infestation in the experimental plots. The com-
patibility of zinophos and trifluralin was tested on 7 major, direct
seeded, cruciferous crops. Combining these 2 materials in a
broadcast soil treatment produced no detectable incompatibili-
ties. Pea weevil: Willamette Valley garden pea plantings showed
that diazinon and dimethoate sprays, although effective against
pea aphids, were not satisfactory for weevil control. DDT residues
in shelled peas sprayed 7 days before harvest were below the 1
ppm tolerance. Slugs & Snails: Laboratory and field tests were
run with 2 carbamates (BAY 37344 and UC 30045) and metal-
dehyde bait formulations. Over 80% recovery by slugs from
metaldehyde poisoning under moist field conditions demon-
strated. Addition of metaldehyde to carbamate baits did not in-
crease their effectiveness. Laboratory studies on 2 molluscan
predators (Gonaxis & Euglandina) show promise for control of
brown garden snail.
SUPPORTED BY Oregon State Government - Salem
2.0289, BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF TERRESTIAL
MOLLUSKS
H.H. CROWELL, Oregon State University, Agricultural Experi-
ment Sta., Corvallis, Oregon 97331 (ORE00900)
OBJECTIVE: To study the biology and habits of native and
introduced terrestial mollusks of Oregon. To conduct laboratory
screening tests in a search for new and better materials for the
chemical control of slugs and snails of economic importance. To
investigate non-chemical methods (predators, parasites, diseases,
etc.) for control of economic populations of injurious slugs and
snails. To make periodic surveys for the detection of introduc-
tions or establishments of terrestial mollusks new to Oregon.
APPROACH: Slug and snail species known to be injurious to
Oregon row crops, forage crops or home gardens will be laborato-
ry reared for biological studies and for chemical screening trials.
Promising chemicals will be field tested in comparison with the
sSndS-d (but unsatisfactory) metaldehyde baits. Biological con-
trol agents such as predator snails will be studied in the laboratory
and possibly increased in numbers for future releases in selected
coastal or Willamette Valley locations. ...
PROGRESS: Laboratory screening tests involved over 35 ex-
perimental pesticides against 4 species of mollusl, and as contact
broadcast applications as well as in bait formulations. The stan-
dard for comparison in all tests was the carbamate, BAY 37344,
which is currently being developed as a bait for commercial sale
by a private chemical company. Materials which have shown
higher activity, often at lower concentration, than BAY 37344
are the carbamates SD-17250 and SD-16898; the organotins TO-
5032 and TD-1612; and a benzimidazol, Lovozal (NC- 5016).
The last 2 types of chemical are somewhat repellent to the mol-
lusks when presented in bait form. Only the carbamates of the
highly toxic materials show molluscicidal activity by contact from
granules or wettable powders broadcast on moist soil. Biological
studies on the predacous snails, Euglandina and Gonaxis, have
been hindered by the inability to increase their populations under
laboratory conditions.
SUPPORTED BY Oregon State Government - Salem
2.0290, CORRELATION OF STRUCTURE VS. ACTIVITY
OF POLLUTANTS OF FRESH WATER
H. W. BOND, Univ. of Rhode Island, School of Pharmacy, King-
ston, Rhode Island 02881
A series of vinyl sulfones will be synthesized and screened for
potential molluscicidal activity against Australorbis glabratus, an
intermediate host for human schistosomiasis. The mechanism of
action of active compounds in this series will be investigated
through the use of in vitro systems prepared from snail tissue.
Structure activity correlations will be determined through the use
of in vivo and in vitro systems. 'No effect levels' of potentially use-
ful molluscicides in terrestrial animals will be determined.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - O. Wtr. Res. Rch.
2.0291, MOLLUSCICIDES - A CORRELATION OF
STRUCTURE VS. ACTIVITY
B.H. PRINGLE, U.S. Dept. of Hlth. Ed. & Wei., P.H.S. Environ.
Health Service, Narragansett, Rhode Island02882
Up through June 1, 1970, approximately seventy-five alpha
or beta- nitrostyrenes and related compounds have been studied
following their synthesis and purification. Their molluscicidal ac-
tivity against 'Australorbis glabrutus', vector of 'Schistosoma
mansoni' has been determined; eight alpha nitrostilbenes and re-
lated compounds have been similarly studied. Those compounds
in each series bearing the nitroolefinic grouping, -C equals C-
NO(2), are highly molluscicidal, while those compounds lacking
this particular grouping are essentially devoid of activity. The
most molluscicidal of the forty-three compounds tested in beta-
nitrostyrene itself.
The activity of these nitroolefins is undoubtedly due to their
ability to inhibit sulfhydryl-dependent respiratory enzymes in the
snail.
Suggestions have been garnered from these studies as to
other types of chemical compounds known to be sulfhydryl in-
hibitors that should be studied for their molluscicidal activity.
As a part of the study of structure versus activity of beta-
nitrostyrenes, some 4-(substituted phenoxy)-3, beta-nitrostyrenes
were prepared and tested for their toxicity to 'A. glabratus'. It was
thought that inclusion of the highly molluscicidal phenolic moiety
might possibly impart increased activity to the beta-nitrostyrene
molecule. Such was the the case; all six of the new compounds
synthesized were found to be less active against 'A. glabratus than
is beta-nitrostyrene itself.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Hlth. Ed. & Wei. - E.H.S.
2.0292, EFFECTS OF A SNAPPING TURTLE POPULA-
1J?£»ON ™E WATERFOWL PRODUCTIVITY OF A
MARSH
- Wildlife ReS'
1-118
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The snapping turtle (Chelydra serpentina) has an important
role in marsh ecology throughout most of North America. How-
ever, its relationships with other marsh inhabitants have been in-
adequately studied. Considerable life history data were obtained
in a previous study (Hammer, 1969). This study is designed to
define waterfowl - nest predator - snapping turtle interrelation-
ships and to recommend appropriate management procedures.
These interrelationships are being systematically studied on five
waterfowl management units at the Lacreek National Waterfowl
Refuge near Martin, South Dakota.
Numerous observations and reports indicate that some
waterfowl predation by snapping turtles occurs. Consequently,
snapping turtle control programs have been established on many
refuges or waterfowl production areas. In turn, however, snapping
turtle nests are preyed upon by mammalian predators. Turtle-
nesting areas often are restricted and highly vulnerable to detec-
tion by mink (Mustela vison), skunks (Mephitis mephitis and
Spilogale putorius), and raccoons (Procyon lotor). Early attempts
to correlate snapping turtle nest predation with waterfowl nest
predation indicated that snapping turtle nests may act as a buffer
during the waterfowl nesting season.
OBJECTIVES: 1. To determine the importance of snapping
turtle predation upon waterfowl on the Lacreek Refuge. 2. To
determine the importance of snapping turtle nests as a buffer to
predation on waterfowl nests. 3. To evaluate the influence of
snapping turtles upon waterfowl productivity on the Lacreek
Refuge. 4. To recommend turtle population management
procedures.
Work began in 1968. Termination is planned for 1971 fiscal
year.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
2.0293, OYSTER DRIL (OCINEBRA JAPONICA) CON-
TROL
R.E. WESTLEY, State Dept. of Fisheries, Olympia, Washington
98501
Part I Behavioral Studies: Laboratory studies will continue
on behavior and reproduction habits of Japanese oyster drills.
These studies are aimed at determining any particular behavioral
patterns that would make drills susceptible to trapping, or other-
wise provide opportunities for destroying or controlling these
populations. Such behavioral studies will include congregation for
copulation, sex ratios, attraction to particular food types, and
habits of newly hatched drills.
Part II Chemical Control of Oyster Drills: Laboratory studies
will continue on families of chemical compounds screened for
their promise of destroying Japanese oyster drills at some particu-
lar state of their life history when it would be feasible to apply
chemical control measures.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior Bu. Comm. Fish.
2.0294, THE CONTROL OF SLUGS
L.W. GETZIN, Washington State University, Agricultural Experi-
ment Sta., Pullman, Washington 99163 (WNP01686)
OBJECTIVE: Surveys of slug species and their natural con-
trol agents. Develop adequate control measures for slugs through
chemical and cultural practices.
APPROACH: Quantitative counts in fields, home gardens,
lawns, correlate slug populations with enviornmental factors, cul-
tural practices, soil conditions and other factors involved in popu-
lation dynamics. Control: screening of molluscicides. Chemicals
with high oral toxicity are incorporated in bait formulations and
tested for slug control.
PROGRESS: An experimental carbamate compound,
2. AQUATIC PEST CONTROL
presently designated as SD-17250, was very effective against the
grey garden slug and the reticulated slug in preliminary trials. In
bait formulations it killed greater numbers of slugs than the stan-
dard metaldehyde treatment. Comparative studies with baits and
sprays of promising molluscicides on field com revealed that ef-
fective slug control can be obtained with baits and sprays of Me-
surol, a carbamate insecticide that is being developed for com-
mercial usage in the United States. Life history studies on 4 im-
portant slug species of western Washington are nearing comple-
tion. Eggs vary from 2 to 6 mm in diameter depending upon the
species. Oviposition is limited to certain times of the year for
some species while others lay eggs any time that satisfactory tem-
perature and moisture conditions exist. Most species have a one
year life cycle although the larger species are capable of living for
longer periods. These studies are aimed at uncovering biological
weaknesses within the various species that may aid in their con-
trol.
SUPPORTED BY Washington State Government - Olympia
2.0295, EFFECT OF PRETREATMENT MOLDING OF
SOUTHERN PINE ON THE PERMANENCE OF THE
PRESERVATIVE IN SEAWATER EXPOSURE
L.R. GJOVIK, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Products Labora-
tory, Madison, Wisconsin 53705
Determine the effect that pretreatment molding may have on
the permanence of multisalts and creosote preservative in treated
pine exposed to seawater. Determine the effect of pretreatment
molding on the service life wood in navy waterfront structures ex-
posed to limnoiria attack. Improve wood marine piling and
reduce maintenance costs of navy waterfront facilities.
Short sections of small, round southern pine will be exposed
at the Naval Station, Key West, Florida. Some specimens will be
kiln dried and the other mold infected then kiln dried. Each group
will have posts treated with CCA, creosote, and combinations of
these. These will be investigated to determine losses of or changes
in preservative that occur progressively in uninfected wood versus
those occurring in the more permeable molded wood and corre-
late observed preservative changes and the incident of marine-
borer attack. Scheduled analysis after 10 years exposure is subject
to change pending the outcome of chemical analysis at 1,2, 3,
and 5 years.
Test specimens were installed in December 1968.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Defense - Navy
2.0296, MARINE PILING ANALYSIS
T.C. SCHEFFER, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Products
Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin 53705
Investigate improved means for inspecting for quality of
wood piling preservative treatment to determine its suitability for
marine use in navy waterfront structures.
The work includes investigation of X-ray fluorescence spec-
trography for analyzing penta and waterborne salts, exploratory
work on the use of atomic absorption spectrophotometry for
waterbome salts, investigation of thin layer chromotography for
detecting petroleum adulteration, and other techniques for im-
proved assay.
Adaptation of the X-ray procedures to the analysis of water-
borne salts still presents a problem due to the interference of the
metallic elements upon one another. Work included the use of an
atomic absorption spectrophometer for analysis of waterborne
salts. Initial work on the thin layer chromatography for detecting
petroleum adulteration in creosote was completed. Additional
work is continuing to evaluate the effectiveness on used creosote
which contains wood resins and extractives.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Defense - Navy
1-119
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DESCRIPTION OF RESEARCH TASKS
FISH AND SHELLFISH PATHOLOGY
3A. EPIDEMIOLOGY
(No Control or Treatment Evaluated or Suggested)
3.0001, EPIZOOT1OLOGY OF PARASITIC DISEASES IN
FISH POPULATIONS UNDER INTENSIVE MANAGEMENT
R. ALLISON, Auburn University, Agricultural Experiment Sta.,
Auburn, Alabama 36830 (ALA00294)
OBJECTIVE: Develop a serological technique for detecting
infections of protozoan and micro-helminth parasites in fish
populations. Develop techniques for immunizing fish to infections
with Ichthyophthirius, Scyphidia, Trichophrya and other parasites
which produce epizootics in managed pond populations. Experi-
ment with various management practices and determine their
relationship to parasitic epizootics.
APPROACH: Samples of wild fish will be collected from un-
managed populations. The incidence of parasitic infections will
be evaluated by serological, electrophoretic and challenge
methods. Populations of parasitic species associated with
epizootics will be propagated on parasite-free fish. Experiments
using various serological techniques for identifying specific
parasitic infections in controlled host populations will be con-
ducted. Production methods will be experimented with and re-
lated to epizootic parasitism. Various methods will be attempted
for immunizing fish populations to control epizootic parasitism.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - C.S.R.S.
3.0002, IDENTIFICATION OF PARASITIC BACTERIAL
FORMS
J.A. PLUMB, Auburn University, Agricultural Experiment Sta.,
Auburn, Alabama 36830
Objectives: 1. Identify and test pathogenicity of bacteria iso-
lated from fish involved in fish kills within the Cooperating States.
Procedures: 1. With the use of standard microbiological
identification techniques, isolate and identify the bacterial forms
found on fish specimens from fish epizootics and test the
pathogenicity of the isolated bacterial forms.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior Bu. Sport Fish.
3.0003, INVESTIGATE CONTROL MEASURES OF BAC-
TERIAL INFECTIONS IN FISH
J.A. PLUMB, Auburn University, Graduate School, Auburn,
Alabama 36830
Objectives: 1. To investigate feasible control measures for
bacterial infections in fish.
Procedures: 1. Set up experiment in aquaria using either ar-
tificially or naturally infected fish and evaluate the efficacy of
various chemotherapeutics and drugs on these infections.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
3.0004, DETECTION OF CHANNEL CATFISH VIRUS
(CCV) IN BROODSTOCK
J.A. PLUMB, Auburn University, Graduate School, Auburn,
Alabama 36830
Objectives: Establish reliable techniques for detecting CCV
in channel catfish populations.
Procedures: Utilization of various sampling techniques in an
attempt to isolate CCV from artifically infected adult channel cat-
fish.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
3.0005, METHOD OF CONTROLLING MORTALITY IN
CHANNEL CATFISH DUE TO CCV INFECTION
J.A. PLUMB, Auburn University, Graduate School, Auburn,
Alabama 36830
Objectives: Investigate methods of controlling mortality due
to CCV infection.
Procedure: Inoculate susceptible channel catfish fingerlings
with CCV and incubate at optimum water temperature. When
mortality begins, alter temperature to evaluate what effect this
has on the total mortality.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
3.0006, EVALUATION OF THE INFLUENCE OF AGE
AND SIZE OF CHANNEL CATFISH ON THE INFECTIVITY
OF CCV
J.A. PLUMB, Auburn University, Graduate School, Auburn,
Alabama 36830
Objectives: 1. To determine the ages and sizes of channel cat-
fish that can be artificially infected with CCV.
Procedures: 1. From a common lot of fish, attempt to infect
samples at monthly intervals from feeding fry stage to a minimum
age of 18 months. 2. Methods of inoculation will include inter-
peritoneal injection and feeding the virus.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
3.0007, SUSCEPTIBILITY OF OTHER SPECIES OF CAT-
FISHES TO CCV AND THEIR POSSIBLE ROLE AS CAR-
RIERS
J.A. PLUMB, Auburn University, Graduate School, Auburn,
Alabama 36830
Objectives: 1. To determine species of catfishes susceptible
to CCV, including white catfish, blue catfish, flathead catfish,
brown, yellow and black bullheads, and hybrids.
Procedures: 1. Using three routes of inoculations, infect fin-
gerling white, blue and flathead catfish; brown, black, and yellow
bullheads with CCV. 2. Attempt to reisolate the virus from the
mortalities and to determine if those surviving are carriers.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
3.0008, DEVELOPMENT OF NEW FISH CELL LINES
J.A. PLUMB, Auburn University, Graduate School, Auburn,
Alabama 36830
Objectives: 1. To develop new fish tissue cell lines to aid in
detection offish virus diseases and facilitate fish virus research.
Procedures: 1. Remove suitable tissue from several species of
fish and by using established techniques cultivate these tissues
and cells in-vitro.
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FISH AND SHELLFISH PATHOLOGY
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
3.0009, COOPERATIVE FISH DISEASE PROJECT
J.A. PLUMB, Auburn University, Graduate School, Auburn,
Alabama 36830
Objectives: 1. To identify a virus disease of rainbow trout
which were imported from the Pacific Northwest.
Procedures: 1. By using RTG-2 cell cultures and routine
techniques determine the size and sensitivity of the virus to pH,
temperature, ether and glycerine.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
3.0010, CHANNEL CATFISH VIRUS REPLICATION
CURVES IN INTERNAL ORGANS AND ASSOCIATED
PATHOLOGY
J.A. PLUMB, Auburn University, Graduate School, Auburn,
Alabama 36830
Objectives: 1. To establish virus replication curves of CCV in
internal organs: 2. Establish time sequence pathological changes
in internal organs of infected fish.
Procedures: 1. Inoculate channel catfish fingerling with CCV
and at 24 intervals sample these fish and determine the level of
virus infections doses per ml of organ. 2. Sample fish at 24 hr. in-
tervals and prepare the pattern of pathological development in
the organs.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
3.0011, DISTRIBUTION OF THE GENUS ERGASILUS
(PARASITIC COPEPOD) IN THE SOUTHEASTERN UNITED
STATES
W.A. ROGERS, Auburn University, School of Agriculture, Au-
burn, Alabama 36830
Objectives: 1. To provide a better understanding of the dis-
tribution, host-parasite relationships, and extent of infestation of
the genus Ergasilus.
Procedures: 1. Gills of fish from fresh and brackish waters
collected from the field and from Ichthyological museums will be
examined. 2. Fish species from several Gulf drainages will be in-
tensively examined while species from other areas will be ex-
amined at random.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
3.0012, COOPERATIVE FISH DISEASE PROJECT
W.A. ROGERS, Auburn University, School of Agriculture, Au-
burn, Alabama 36830
Objectives: 1. Methods for rearing of Ergasilus will be at-
tempted and evaluated. 2. Attempts will be made to determine
time of infection, longevity, time of fertilization, numerical rela-
tionships and overwintered conditions. Such knowledge would be
valuable for future control work.
Procedures: I. Wild infected fish will be collected and held in
ponds until needed. 2. Rearing methods will be attempted in the
lab in aquaria and troughs with flowing water. Follow-up rearing
attempts will be made in ponds in the field.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
3.0013, PATHOLOGY OF AEROMONAS LIQUIFACIENS
IN CHANNEL CATFISH
W.A. ROGERS, Auburn University, School of Agriculture, Au-
burn, Alabama 36830
Objectives: 1. Plot course of A. liquifaciens infection against
time. 2. Follow route of A. liquifaciens in body offish. 3. Observe
effect of environment on virulence of A. liquifaciens. 4. Obserrve
effect of various handling techniques of susceptibility offish.
Procedures: 1. Infected fish will be autopsied over a period of
time to determine route of infection. 2. Various common environ-
mental stresses (temperature. pH, hardness) will be used to ob-
serve their effect on the infectivity of A. liquifaciens. 3. A variety
of handling methods wll be used to determine their effect on the
susceptibility offish to A. liquifaciens.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
3.0014, INVESTIGATIONS OF AMEBIASIS IN FISH
W.A. ROGERS, Auburn University, School of Agriculture, Au-
burn, Alabama 36830
Objectives: To identify and determine the pathology of an
amoeba found in the blue tilapia and channel catfish.
Procedures: 1. An attempt will be made to culture and identi-
fy an unknown amoeba found in tissues of fish: 2. Tissues will be
sectioned and pathology determined if possible.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
3.0015, COOPERATIVE FISH PARASITE AND DISEASE
STUDY
W.A. ROGERS, Auburn University, Agricultural Experiment Sta.,
Auburn, Alabama 36830 (ALA-13-0421)
OBJECTIVE: Determine the disease producing organisms
responsible for epizootics in fish populations in each of the seven
cooperating states. Conduct research on identification, life histo-
ry, epizootiology, pathogenicity and control of organisms as-
sociated with fish kills.
APPROACH: Sites of fish kills will be visited by project per-
sonnel to collect dead and dying fish. Fish collected by State
biologists will be shipped to Auburn. Collected fish wil] be ex-
amined using standard parasitological and microbiological
techniques. Isolated pathogens will be utilized to produce diseases
in laboratory fish for research.
PROGRESS: One hundred seven cases were received for
diagnosis at the Southeastern Cooperative Fish Parasite and Dis-
ease Laboratory. A breakdown of cases is as follows: parasites 34,
bacteria 25, viruses 3, routine examinations 14, water quality or
pollution 9, miscellaneous (including gas bubble disease, nutri-
tional disease, etc.) 7, and undetermined 15. Fish Disease short
courses have been presented in four of the cooperating states and
plans made to present courses in the remaining three. Research
on the channel catfish virus disease has centered on detecting car-
rier broodstock, evaluating temperature as a means of control,
bioassaying internal organs, and obtaining additional information
on size susceptibility of fish. Three new fish cell lines were
established in tissue culture to facilitate virus research. In an at-
tempt to associate gill monogenean parasites with speciation and
phylogeny of hosts, 874 collections of gills from museum fish have
been made and are being analyzed. Gill collections from approxi-
mately 6,000 fish from 3,000 localities have been made on a
parasitic copepod study.
SUPPORTED BY Alabama State Government
3.0016, PUBLICATION OF FISH BACTERIAL RESEARCH
UNKNOWN, Auburn University, Graduate School, Auburn,
Alabama 36830
Objectives: Publish results offish bacterial research.
Procedures: Results of research will be published in technical
Journals, Bulletins, etc.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
3.0017, PUBLICATION OF FISH VIRUS RESEARCH
UNKNOWN, Auburn University, Graduate School, Auburn,
Alabama 36830
Objective: Publish results offish viral research.
Procedure: Results of research will be published in technical
Journals, Bulletins, etc.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
3.0018, IMPOUNDMENT EFFECTS ON WATER QUALI-
IN PARASITISM OF RESERVOIR
D.A. BECKER Univ. of Arkansas, Water Resources Research
Ctr., Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701
1-122
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The proposed study is the first pre-impoundment through
early impoundment investigation of this nature to be conducted in
the United States.
Field investigations will employ electrical shocking gear for
the live collections of the black basses Micropterus dolomieui
(Lacepede), M. punctulatus (Rafinesque), and M. salmonides
(Lacepede).
Basses will be examined in the laboratory for helminth and
copepod parasites in an effort to follow the quantitative and
qualitative dispersions and fluctuations of these parasites as the
water quality is effected by the water level fluctuations from a
river to a reservoir environment. Standard and total length,
weight, and scale samples will be obtained to ascertain the effect
of parasitism on the aging and growth rates of basses which may
help explain why sport fishing declines after several years in
recently impounded reservoirs effecting the recreational econo-
my of the municipalities surrounding reservoirs. Parasitism will be
related to the whole food chain in an attempt to establish another
parameter for water quality.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - O. Wtr. Res. Rch.
3.0019, LIMNOLOGICAL, ICHTHYOLOGICAL, AND
PARASITOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS ON ARKANSAS
RESERVOIRS IN RELATION TO WATER QUALITY
P.M. JOHNSTON, Univ. of Arkansas, Water Resources Research
Ctr., Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701
The overall objective of this investigation is to evaluate the
effects of impoundment and ageing and/or eutrophication of
selected Arkansas impoundments on limnological, ichthyological
and parasitological water qualities during the past 30 years.
The limnological investigation is to monitor physico-chemi-
cal and plankton parameters and to compare with those of the
past 30 years. Qualitative and quantitative fluctuations of the
plankters will be correlated with the abiotic factors to understand
the seasonal cycles. Standardized methods will be employed in
the determination of the physico-chemical factors.
The ichthyological study is to determine qualitative and
quantitative aspects of the feeding biology of largemouth bass in
relation to available food. Seasonal and annual growth rates,
length- weight relationship, and condition factor will be studied in
relation to abiotic and bio tic factors. Standing crops offish will be
evaluated in relaton to physico-chemical factors and plankton.
The parasitological investigation is to study the qualitative
and quantitative aspects of the helminth and crustacean parasites
of selected game fishes. Effects of parasitism on the fish's condi-
tion factor and the overall interrelationships between these
aspects and the abiotic and biotic factors will be evaluated to un-
derstand the decline in fishing success with the aging of reser-
voirs.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - O. Wtr. Res. Rch.
3.0020, STUDY OF THE INCIDENCE AND LIFE CYCLES
OF MYXOSPORIDIAL INFECTIONS IN WARM WATER
FISHES (REVISED)
F.P. MEYER, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Fish Farming Exptl. Sta.,
Stuttgart, Arkansas 72160
Myxosporidial infections of warmwater fishes are becoming
increasingly evident. Attempts will be made throughout the year
to identify trophozooite stages, different species of parasites, and
seasonal incidence. Tissues from organs within infected hosts will
be studied for developmental stages of the parasites and to assess
damage resulting from myxosporidial infections. Efforts will be
made to establish modes of infection and to transmit the parasites
under laboratory conditions.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
3.0021, EPIDERMAL PAPILLOMAS
S.R. WELLINGS, Univ. of California, School of Medicine, Davis,
California 95616
The purpose of this proposal is to determine the causative
agents and biological significance of the commonly occurring and
geographically widespread epidermal papillomas of flounders.
FISH AND SHELLFISH PATHOLOGY
The following will be determined: transplantability, transmissibili-
ty and possible viral etiology. In addition, tumor and normal tissue
will be cultured in vitro, and the cells karyotyped in order to
establish whether a previously observed bizarre hypertrophic cell
found in the tumors is a transformed fish cell, or is an exogenous
unicellular parasite. Further attempts will be made to induce skin
tumors with X-ray and chemical carcinogens added to the water.
The relation of the disease to obvious sources of pollution will be
determined. The ecological factors correlation with tumorigene-
sis will be determined by intensive collections, and the distribu-
tion of the disease mapped in Puget Sound by species and loca-
tion. Normal tissue, tumor, and fish protein concentrate (of the
kind presently fed to humans) prepared from normal and tumor
tissue, will be fed to fish and mice in order to observe any deleteri-
ous effects. In summary, at the termination of the project we hope
to be able to define the neoplastic or hyperplastic nature of the
disease, its transplantability and transmissibility, the possible sig-
nificance of inclusion of tumor tissue in human and animal food,
and the usefulness of the system as a model of human disease, or
as an indicator of water pollution.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Hlth. Ed. & Wei. - N.I.H.
3.0022, OYSTER DISEASE MORTALITY ALONG THE
CALIFORNIA COAST
P.M. ROEDEL, State Dept. of Fish & Game, Sacramento, Califor-
ma95819
Summary of Proposed Work: The objective is to relate en-
vironmental and pathological conditions of oysters to mortalities
in California growing areas.
Monitoring will be continued in Humboldt Bay, Tomales
Bay, and Drakes Estero, and discontinued in Morro Bay and Elk-
horn Slough. Monitoring in Tomales Bay will be twice monthly
during the period of highest mortality (May-October). Sampling
will be three times per week. Dead and ailing oysters and plank-
ton samples will be collected from the sampling stations and com-
mercial beds at each visit, and live oysters from the sampling sta-
tions weekly. Comparative studies of the survival of Pacific
Oyster seed will be undertaken in Humboldt Bay. Five groups of
seed oysters will be monitored; two each from Washington and
Japan, and one from British Columbia. An Assistant Marine
Biologist will be assigned to Eureka to accomplish the increased
work load.
Water quality monitoring will include continuous tempera-
ture recording in Humboldt Bay, Tomales Bay, and Drakes
Estero, as well as temperature, salinity and pH of water samples
collected at all sampling stations.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Commerce - N.O.A.A.
3.0023, EPIZOOTIOLOGY OF LEPTOSPIRES - FISH
SUSCEPTIBILITY TO L. ICTEROHAEMORRHIGICA (AB-
BREV)
J.G. COUS1NEAV, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec,
Canada
Epizootiology of leptospires. Susceptibility of fish to L. ic-
terohaemorrhigica and factors which influence the survival and
virulence of leptospires in an aqueous medium.
SUPPORTED BY Canadian Government - Ottawa
3.0024, SURVEY OF ANIMAL DISEASES IN CONNEC-
TICUT
C.F. HELMBOLDT, Univ. of Connecticut, Agricultural Experi-
ment Sta., Starrs, Connecticut 06268 (CONS00118)
OBJECTIVE: Determine the occurrence of various animal
diseases in Connecticut. Laboratory diagnostic facilities are pro-
vided. The relative economic importance of various diseases is
being determined. The project serves as a source of leads on dis-
eases needing extensive investigation in the State.
APPROACH: Mammals and birds are submitted to the De-
partment of Animal Diseases for necropsy by agricultural in-
terests and veterinarians. Staff veterinarians of the Department
do the necropsy and may save time for histopathology, bacteriolo-
gy, virology, biochemistry, and serology. All cases are reported to
1-123
465-868 O - 72 - 9
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FISH AND SHELLFISH PATHOLOGY
the Commissioner of Agriculture and Natural Resources, and the
clinical signs and our work-ups are filed here. This adds to the file
which is continuous since 1930. If tissues are studied, slides and
blocks are also saved. This approach results in an unusual muse-
um of histopathologic material. In recent years gross color trans-
parencies have been made of interesting cases adding to the sig-
nificance of the file.
PROGRESS: Avian Diseases - In this area Marek's disease
and coccidiosis still account for most of the 5,372 accessions.
Necrotic enteritis, etiology unknown, has suddenly appeared in 6-
week-old birds on at least three occasions. It now does not appear
to be a major threat. Fish Diseases - This is a new area, and since
every group or species of fish examined has diseases, statistics
mean nothing at this time. A striped bass (Morone saxitalis) was
found to have an embryonal nephroma, a tumor never reported in
this species. Of greater significance was the discovery of
epitheliocystis in fish in brackish water. Electron microscopy stu-
dies revealed the cause as a Bedsonia sp. 250 fish were necrop-
sied. Mammalian Diseases - Infectious diseases in pet species
seem to be less important than ever. Neoplastic diseases are the
dominant forms, probably the result of 'cancer conscious' clini-
cians. Space does not allow discussion here, but it should be noted
that these tumors are classified in a number of ways, and the data
is useful in preparing papers. The farm animals consist largely of
cattle and horses. In the latter, colitis x has appeared at least three
times, and efforts to transmit it were unsuccessful. Parasitism by
Strongylus vulgaris is a serious problem and causes unthrifty
animals as well as death.
SUPPORTED BY Connecticut State Government - Hartford
3.0025, DISEASES OF FISH
W.R. WHITWORTH, Univ. of Connecticut, School of Agricul-
ture, Starrs, Connecticut 06268
A survey was made of the number of types of diseases and
parasites present in fish in the Quinnebaug and Thames rivers
between Danielson and New London to evaluate the potential
hazards to any non-native fish that might be introduced into these
rivers. Initial results indicate that diseases and parasites have
minimal effect on the fish in this area, except when environmental
conditions are very poor, for example when flow is low and pollu-
tants increase. The numerous slides of normal and disease tissue
that were prepared will be available to other investigators.
SUPPORTED BY Connecticut State Government - Hartford
3.0026, VIBRIO PARAHAEMOLYTICUS IN CHES-
APEAKE BAY - ISOLATION, INCIDENCE AND
PATHOGENICITY
R.R. COLWELL, Georgetown University, School of Arts,
Washington, District of Columbia 20007
This project will continue an investigation of the incidence
and pathogenicity of the bacterial pathogen 'Vibrio
parahaemolyticus* in marine and estuarine animals, with particu-
lar emphasis on the Chesapeake Bay blue crab, 'Callinectes
sapidus'. The animals, sediment and water will be sampled
periodically and any resulting bacteria will be identified. Informa-
tion on the natural flora of estuarine and marine invertebrate
animals will be collected in a format suitable for computer analy-
sis so as to provide a basis for understanding the interaction
amongst the micro-organisms constituting the commensal flora.
The pathogenicity of any 'Vibrio parahaemolyticus' isolates for
crabs, shrimp and mice will be determined.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. National Science Foundation
3.0027, PATHOLOGY RESEARCH
M.M. S1GEL, Univ. of Miami, Variety Childrens Hospital, Miami,
Florida 33155
1. Continuation of studies on lymphocystis virus and GFA in-
fections in fish tissue culture. This phase of the work includes as-
sessment of the effect to temperature and inhibitors. Attempts are
being made to demonstrate the presence of other viruses in cer-
tain lesions offish and invertebrates.
2. Having demonstrated antibacterial and antitumor activity
in extracts of several species of marine invertebrates we are pur-
suing further studies along two lines: a. Isolation and identifica-
tion of some of the active substances: b. Further assays for biolog-
ical activity in crude preparations of various species; the assays
being directed at detecting anticellular, antiviral, antibacterial,
immuno-enhancing and immuno-suppressive activities.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Commerce - N.O.A.A. •
3.0028, DEVELOPMENT OF METHODS FOR COMMER.
CIAL PRODUCTION OF FROG LEGS FROM TADPOLES OF
THE BULLFROG
D.D. CULLEY, Louisiana State University, Agricultural Experi-
ment Sta., Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803 (LAB01445)
OBJECTIVE: Development of rearing methods and facilities
for commercial production of bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana).
APPROACH: Laboratory studies will be set up to determine
stocking rates, holding facilities, environmental requirements,
feeding techniques, identification and control of diseases and
parasites, growth rates and best foods for normal tadpole and frog
growth. Efforts will be made to develop techniques for breeding
bullfrogs in the laboratory. Techniques and facilities for mass
production of living food for bullfrogs will be developed. Various
ecological studies of tadpoles and bullfrogs will be made under
natural conditions to provide insight into rearing problems en-
countered in the laboratory.
PROGRESS: Five goitrogenic materials were tested to deter-
mine their ability to inhibit metamorphosis of tadpoles, but not
growth. Even though one goitrogen seems to have promise, the
results were inconclusive because control tadpoles stocked at
very low rates grew equally as well. In both cases the tadpoles
were 2.5 times the size of normally metamorphosing tadpoles.
Young frogs (150) emerging from the test tadpoles were retained
and raised in the laboratory to determine if exposure to
goitrogens while in the tadpole stage would produce any adverse
effects on the developing frogs. No adverse effects were observed
in the test animals or the controls. No differences could be de-
tected in growth rates, food conversion, incidence of disease or
behavior patterns. Techniques for mass production of bullfrogs
were developed. Food conversion of the bullfrogs was equal to or
superior to that of agricultural animals. The frogs emerging from
the oversized tadpoles were larger and less fragile than frogs
emerging from the normal but smaller tadpoles. Frogs obtained a
marketable size in eight months. Two of six foods tested proved to
promote excellent tadpole growth. A technique and facility for
rearing tadpoles under crowded conditions was developed and
successfully tested.
SUPPORTED BY Louisiana State Government - Baton Rouge
3.0029, UTILIZATION AND MANAGEMENT OF
COASTAL MARSHES AND RESOURCES
J. VANLEPIK, Louisiana State University, Graduate School,
Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803
Louisiana State University will continue a study of Barataria
Bay for the purpose of defining the dynamics of the marsh
ecosystem as a precurser to management and utilization. A sub-
project will involve the study of productivity and bio-degradation
of marsh grass as these processes relate to estuarine food chains
and to development of diet rations for the aquaculture of shellf-
ish. A related aquaculture project will continue investigations into
limiting factors, including nutrition, food habits, spawning cycles
and parasitic enemies of pompano.
Legal studies will continue evaluation of legal regimes re-
lated to marsh and estuarine utilization, and a course for graduate
degrees in marine law will be developed.
Economic research will be directed to a methodology
whereby economic data can be reviewed and evaluated in terms
of future planning and management for coastal resources.
An inventory and synthesis of environmental data will be
conducted jointly with the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers and Sea
Grantees.
Northwestern State University, in a subproject, will in-
vestigate microsporidiosis, an epidemic disease of commercial
shrimp.
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FISH AND SHELLFISH PATHOLOGY
SUPPORTED BY U.S. National Science Foundation
3.0030, ENVIRONMENTAL STUDY
F. KIRCHEIS, State Dept. of In. Fish & Game, Augusta, Maine
04330
Objectives: This job aims to study the environmental charac-
teristics of Floods Pond in regards to its physical, chemical and
biological relationships.
Procedure: A Secchi disc will be used to determine trans-
parency and water color will be made by visual examination upon
a white background. Both of these tests will be made three times a
year, spring, summer, and fall, at permanent sampling stations.
The bottom types will be mapped using SCUBA divers and a
Petersen bottom sampler. Results will be plotted on a bottom con-
tour map. The shoreline will be typed as to slope, vegetation and
development. The geology of the area will be described from
U.S.G.S. survey maps of the area and from visual observations. A
chemical profile will be made of Floods Pond four times during
the year. The studies will be conducted in the deepest part of the
pond, and at other locations to be determined at a later date, and
will be taken after ice out, during August, just before freeze-up,
and during the winter after freeze-up. The tests to be made are:
temperature profile at one foot intervals; dissolved oxygen at the
surface, bottom, above, below and in the thermocline, if present;
carbon dioxide, pH, and total alkalinity at the same levels that
D.O. is measured. Certain other chemical characteristics are
monitored by the Bangor Water District at their intake pipes and
these findings will be made available. Vegetation samples will be
taken with an Ekman dredge and a plant hook to determine
abundance and distribution of different aquatic plant species. A
type map will be prepared. A sample collection of plankton will
be made in the late spring to determine species present. No at-
tempt will be made to measure abundance. Fish species present
will be determined by sample netting using seines, gill nets and
trap nets. Species collected will be classified as either warmwater,
coldwater or forage fish and their abundance noted as scarce,
common or abundant. Fish samples will be examined for external
and internal parasites. The incidence of parasites infecting S. au-
reolus will be especially noted and their abundance noted.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
3.0031, CHARACTERIZATION OF THE INFECTIOUS
PANCREATIC NECROSIS (IPN) VIRUS OF TROUT
B.P. NICHOLSON, Univ. of Maine, Agricultural Experiment
Sta., Orono, Maine 04473 (ME00251)
OBJECTIVE: The investigation involve the elucidation of
some of the basic properties of the infectious pancreatic necrosis
(IPN) virus of trout. Particular emphasis will be put on those pro-
perties which may serve as the base for the development of im-
proved diagnostic and control techniques.
APPROACH: The determination of the effect of infection
with IPN virus on the metabolic activities of susceptible cells; the
development of any indirect fluorescent antibody (FA) technique
to establish more clearly the growth cycle of IPN virus; the clarifi-
cation of some apparent inconsistencies reported in regard to the
effect of metabolic inhibitors on IPN virus; the development of a
complement-fixation (CF) test for IPN virus and the investigation
of antigenic relationships of several strains of the virus.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - C.S.R.S.
3.0032, MOLLUSCAN MORTALITY STUDIES
F.W. SIELING, State Fish & Wildlife Admin., Annapolis, Mary-
land 21404
Objectives: To determine the ranges, prevalence and infec-
tion intensities of the major, economically important parasites
and diseases affecting the commercial molluscan species found in
the Chesapeake Bay and its tributaries. Under field conditions to
use the data obtained from the parasite studies To research
economically feasible methods of development and management
of the oyster '(C. virginica)' resource in mass seed capture and
transplantings as well as artificial bed plantings.
Procedures: 1. Field - Field studies will be conducted by the
Fish and Wildlife Administration and samples will be collected
and delivered to the Oxford laboratory by field personnel from
this Agency. No additional expense will be involved for collection
and storage of clam samples. 2. Laboratory - Samples of oysters
and other commercial species will be collected on a quarterly
basis from several areas in Chesapeake Bay and its tributaries.
Molluscan samples will be examined in the laboratory. Range and
prevalence will be determined for 'Minchinia nelsoni,'
Labyrinthomixa marina, Hexami' sp., 'Bucephalus cuculus, Ne-
matopsis ostrearum, Ancistrocoma pelseneeri, Sphenophrya' sp.,
bacterial pathogens, coccidian sp., parasitic trematodes, cestodes
and nematodes, gregarine sp., parasitic copepods, tumorous
growths, neoplastic conditions, 'Cliona' and 'Polydora' sp. and
other general and specific pathological conditions. An attempt
will be made toward predicting mass mortalities of certain mol-
lusks from 'M. nelsni,' "L. marina' and 'Winter Kill.' Examine
samples as collected from non- scheduled areas when indicated,
e.g., at times of reported mortalities, in an effort to determine
causative agent or agents. Results of all examinations will be used
as a guide when determining placement of artificial oyster beds
and seed transplants. Compare infection and mortality levels in
disease enzootic and non-enzootic areas.
Seasonal spatfall will be monitored in the Manokin River
through the use of at least twenty-three spat plate stations. Sixty
existing rafts with attached, suspended shell cultch will be used in
the off- bottom capture of oyster spat from the Manokin River.
Relative efficiencies, merits and disadvantages of spat capture
using off-bottom cultch suspended from rafts and on-bottom
cultch are to be compared.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Commerce - N.O.A.A.
3.0033, SHELLFISH MORTALITY - CHESAPEAKE BAY
C.A. FARLEY, U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Natl. Marine Fisheries
Service, Oxford, Maryland
An investigation into the possible causes of shellfish (oyster)
mortality in Chesapeake Bay has been initiated.
Intensive sampling of several areas in the Maryland portion
of Chesapeake Bay indicated that relatively high mortality levels
and MSX (multinucleate sphere of unknown taxonomic position)
incidence occurred with regularity in the higher saline waters of
Chesapeake Bay near the Virginia-Maryland boundary. Con-
sequently, biweekly monitoring of this area for oyster mortality
levels and disease incidence in sampled oysters, as well as to
record ecological conditions was begun in April 1961, and con-
tinues to present.
Laboratory projects include histological comparisons
between the normal and pathological conditions of sampled
oysters; isolation and culture of protistan parasites, transmission
experiments, identification and life cycle studies of heretofore un-
recognized or unidentified pathogens, and histochemical studies
aimed toward the elucidation of the biochemical changes that
occur in both the parasite and host tissues during infection, and to
discover possible rapid and differential diagnostic techniques for
parasites in shellfish tissue.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Commerce N.O.A.A.
3.0034, PACIFIC OYSTER MORTALITY STUDIES
A. ROSENFIELD, U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Natl. Marine Fishe-
ries Service, Oxford, Maryland
Efforts are being made to identify or discover those factors,
particularly disease agents, responsible for shellfish mortalities on
the west coast of the United States and Canada. Epizootiologic
and pathologic studies are being conducted to determine timing,
patterns, and possible causes of mortalities, and to determine
pathogenicity of disease agents. Shellfish from exotic and
domestic 'seed' supply areas are screened for micropathogens or
disease organisms before introduction or importation of these
shellfish into west coast growing areas.
Shellfish from several Far East potential 'seed' sources have
been and are being examined microscopically for the presence of
microparasites, micropathogens, and disease conditions. Many
previously unobserved or unreported microparasites and disease
conditions have been seen in these specimens. Reports and ap-
propriate recommendations are sent to pertinent Pacific Coast
state agencies, and when deemed necessary, recommendations
for quarantines or embargoes on shipments are given.
1-125
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FISH AND SHELLFISH PATHOLOGY
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Commerce - N.O.A.A.
3.0035, REFINEMENT OF MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES
FOR STREAM TROUT LAKES
M.W. JOHNSON, State Div. of Game & Fish, Saint Paul, Min-
nesota 55101
The objective is to improve the percentage of productive
lakes among those managed for stream trout, and achieve a
higher return to the creel of hatchery stock.
Recommendations made included: stocking in the fall rather
than spring; reducing the rate of stocking; stocking at a size of 100
fingerling to the pound or larger; elimination of heavy stockings
every two or three years and instead of applying a constant pat-
tern of stocking; restricting the stocking of combinations of brook
and rainbow trout to the larger, deeper lakes and reducing the
numbers stocked in this case. Recommendations were also made
on the selection of new lakes to manage for stream trout and
techniques of continued quality control were described.
Problems left unanswered include: 1) The heavy mortality on
stocked fingerling rainbow trout after the first year of reclama-
tion; 2) the influence of the rapidly developing populations of
minnows and other species that become characteristic of these
lakes; 3) parasites, principally Neascus, which infect trout in
some lakes and may contribute to fingerling mortality.
In addition to the remaining two problems listed above, it is
desirable to continue study of the results of management of dif-
ferent types of lakes.
Explortion into causative factors of fingerling mortality may
shed light on the problems of managing the hardwater marl lakes.
It has also been thought desirable to institute management on a
new softwater lake and compare the results to the hardwater marl
lakes and to earlier studies on other softwater lakes.
In summary, the appropriate areas for investigation by this
study are: 1. The kind of lakes to manage for stream trout and the
kind not to manage. 2. The causative factors of mortality of
stocked fingerling trout in these lakes. 3. The role of minnow
populations in these managed streat trout lakes.
Procedure: Job. 1 - Measure the differences in trout produc-
tivity between three hardwatdr marl lakes and tree softwater
lakes, and attempt to identify the factors which cause the dif-
ferences. Job 2 - Determine the important causes of fingerling
mortality in established lakes. Job 3 - Determine the effect of min-
nows and other non-trout species on the growth and survival of
the trout.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior Bu. Sport Fish.
3.0036, EXPERIMENTAL CONTROL OF NEASCUS IN
SMALL TROUT LAKES
J.E. MALONEY, State Div. of Game & Fish, Saint Paul, Min-
nesota 55101
Perspective: An unsightly fish parasite known as 'black spot'
or 'Neascus' frequently affects some of our more popular sport
fishes to such a degree that they are esthetically unacceptable to
the angler. The black spots are seen just under the skin and are
occassionally within the flesh of the fish. Each spot is a larval cyst
of a parasitic strigeid fluke (trematode). This parasite is not trans-
missible to humans and does not affect the edibility of the fish, but
the unsightly appearance of a badly infected fish is quite unap-
petizing.
Although Neascus seems to have little effect on the health of
most fishes, it is suspected that it has caused the recent heavy
mortalities of fingerling rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) that are
stocked annually in Pleasant Lake, Crow Wing Co. The small re-
sident fish species, such as the fathead minnow (Pimephales
promelas) and the western banded killifish (Fundulus diaphanus),
are very heavily infected with Neascus in Pleasant Lake. Shortly
after stocking, the rainbow fingerlings also become infected with
Neascus. While the resident fish seem to survive almost complete
encrustation by Neascus, the trout may be more severly affected
by even a few parasites, possibly because the much deeper
penetration into the flesh affects the vital organs.
Objectives: The objective of this investigation is to develop a
satisfactory method of Neascus control by eliminating the fish
hosts from the cycle.
Procedure: Job 1. Sample fish population for final check on
incidence of infestation. Job 2. Analysis of data and preparation
of report.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
3.0037, IDENTIFICATION OF PARASITES AND DIS-
EASES EFFECTING MARICULTURE SPECIES
D.W. COOK, State Marine Conserv. Comm., Biloxi, Mississippi
35930
Objectives: To identify the parasites and diseases that may in-
fect and adversely effect species of fish, mollusk, and Crustacea
during mariculture.
Procedures: A thorough review of the literature on the sub-
ject will be conducted. Studies will be made of the parasites and
diseases found on mariculture species collected from the Missis-
sippi Sound and Northern Gulf of Mexico. Specimens from on-
going mariculture projects in Louisiana and Alabama will be ex-
amined periodically for parasites and diseases developing in the
ponds.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Comm. Fish.
3.0038, TRANSMISSION OF AN OVARY PARASITE OF
THE GOLDEN SHINER
R.C. SUMMERFELT, State Dept. of Conserv., Jefferson City,
Missouri 65102
Objectives: Assess mode of transmission of the protozoan
parasite Plistophora ovariae, an ovary parasite of the golden
shiner, Notemigonus crysoleucas: 1. Oral transmission (peros). 2.
Via spore attachment to the egg membrane. 3. Hereditary (intra-
ovum) transmission.
Procedures: 1. Oral transmittion - fry and adults of a source
free of this parasite will be exposed to spores by feeding and
simply adding to the environment. Exposed fish will be examined
for the parasite. 2. Via spore attachment to the egg membrane -
freshly spawned fish of a source free of this parasite will be ex-
posed to spores which will attach to the egg membrane. Fish
which develop from these eggs will be examined for the parasite.
3. Hereditary transmission fertilized eggs, embryos and fin-
gerlings from parasitized parent fish will be sectioned to deter-
mine if intra-ovum transfer has occurred.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Comm. Fish.
3.0039, INVENTORY OF WATERS OF THE PROJECT
AREA
C.G. BISHOP, State Fish & Game Department, Billings, Montana
59101
The objective of this job is to make fisheries surveys of the
waters of South Central Montana. Physical and chemical data
which can be related to the well-being of fishes will be collected in
addition to information on fish populations, fish food organisms
and other pertinent biological features. Most of the important and
easily accessible waters of the project area have already been sur-
veyed and the information incorporated into the department's
stream and lake files. These waters will be resurveyed as needed
and as time permits so the information can be expanded and up-
dated. Often the resurvey will serve as an evaluation of manage-
ment measures such as habitat improvement, regulations and
stocking with or without rehabilitation (chemical treatment to
eliminate undesirable fish population).
New waters - those on which we have little or no information
will be given high priority. It is important to our fisheries
management effort that they be surveyed and their fisheries
potential and management requirements determined. Survey
procedures are set forth in the Montana Lake and Stream Survey
Manual. The information will be recorded on standard survey
forms. The extent of any particular survey will depend upon the
characteristics of the body of water and the adequacy of sampling
gear. It is anticipated surveys during this project year will include,
but not be limited to: Stillwater and Bighorn Rivers, if an
adequate fish shocker can be obtained, and waters on Beartooth
Plateau. Deadman's Basin Reservoir will be netted to check on
condition of coho salmon planted in recent years.
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SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
3.0040, ETIOLOGY OF ESTUAR1NE FISH DISEASES
J.B. MAHONEY, U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Natl. Marine Fishe-
ries Service, Highlands, New Jersey 07732
When a disease occurs, data will be secured on its start and
duration, geographical distribution, kinds and size-range of spe-
cies infected, water conditions including temperature, salinity,
dissolved oxygen, pH, and tide and weather conditions. Data on
local ecological conditions will be analyzed to determine the role
of environment in the disease. Diseased fish will be collected for
tests to determine the causative agent of the epizootic. Water
samples from the area will be tested to detect the presence of
toxic chemicals. Pathogenicity of microorganisms suspected as
causative agents will be tested in healthy fish.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Commerce - N.O.A.A.
3.0041, RELATIVE RESISTANCE OF SELECTIVELY
BRED BROOK AND BROWN TROUT FINGERLINGS TO
FURUNCULOSIS
R.F. DUMAS, State Conservation Department, Rome, New York
13440
Objective: To determine the resistance to furunculosis of
selectively bred brook and brown trout fingerlings.
Procedure: Standardize all 'living' factors of all selected
strains up to the time of the challenge to remove environment as a
possible variable. Regulate the folllowing to remove them as vari-
ables: a. Size of the trout in each—none to vary beyond 1/2' of
mean. b. Density of trout in aquaria (Ibs/ft. 3H2O). c. Water flow
(gals/min.). d. Temperature of water-held by thermostat at 58-60
degrees F. for brook trout and at 64-65 degrees F. for brown
trout., e. All strains of pathogens used in the first challenge shall
be used in subsequent challenges, f. Each test aquarium of trout
shall receive an equal volume of equal density of pathogens, i.e.
contact infection, g. Each test aquarium of trout shall be exposed
to the pathogens for two hours, plus or minus ten seconds, on two
successive days. h. No selected strain fingerlings shall have had a
history of pre-test exposure to furunculosis. i. Each sepearte chal-
lange shall include a control group of trout which have undergone
no selection for furunculosis resistance, j. Each selected brook or
brown trout strain shall be challenged in triplicate during fin-
gerling stage.
The biological attribute under study, immunity, will be mea-
sured in terms of the logarithm of time to 50% death of the test
group. This value, expressed in hours, is designated as ST50.
Where this value is unattainable (less than 50% deaths frequently
occur in brown trout testing), the 'percent loss or survival' is used
to rank the strains.
The virulence of the pathogen will be enhanced before each
test by interperitoneal inoculation of susceptible trout and sub-
sequent re- isolation in pure culture. Mass inoculum used in the
challenge is prepared by cultivation of the bacteria on nutrient
agar (DIFCO 1.5%) in Roux bottles. Bacterial cells will be har-
vested in spring water. During the period of testing, strict surveil-
lance will be maintained around the clock to gather accurate
death time and numbers. These data are carefully tabulated and
turned over to Prof. Carl Lowe, Geneticist, of Cornell University
for statistical analyses, proper strain evaluation and genetic in-
terpretation. (Text abridged).
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
3.0042, RELATIVE RESISTANCE OF SELECTIVELY
BRED BROOK AND BROWN TROUT YEARLINGS TO FU-
RUNCULOSIS
K.F. DUMAS, State Conservation Department, Rome, New York
13440
Objectives: To determine the resistance of selectively bred
strains of brook and brown trout yearlings to furunculosis.
Procedure: The brook and brown yearlings are adjusted to
comparable numbers or densities in their pond segments in the
spring.
FISH AND SHELLFISH PATHOLOGY
Initial furunculosis exposure each spring results from placing
furunculosis-killed trout (from the revitaiization of pathogens
from the fmgerling challenge) into the water being supplied to the
yearlings and older trout. The resulting moribund trout are ex-
amined to insure that death is the result of furunculosis. From
then on, fresh dead trout are daily placed in the water supply and
the previous bodies removed.
Further infection results from feeding the ground bodies of
the fmgerling challenge mixed in the feed. Also, the excess cul-
tivated pathogens slurry from the finger I ing challenge is trickled
into the yearlings and older water supply. This is done throughout
the summer.
The final induced infection results from the total fmgerling
infection process since the water from the fmgerling troughs flows
directly into the ponds holding the yearlings and older trout.
Accurate mortality records are kept and these data are used
to indicate the yearling performance which is expressed on bar
graphs as percent survival. These yearlings are then retained as
future brood trout.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
3.0043, FIELD TESTING OF SELECTIVELY BRED
STRAINS OF BROOK AND BROWN TROUT UNDER
PRODUCTION HATCHERY CONDITIONS
R.F. DUMAS, State Conservation Department, Rome, New York
13440
Objectives: (1) To determine if the selected laboratory-
proven traits will prevail under production hatchery procedures.
(2) To determine if the brook and brown trout strains, bred to dis-
play selected traits, still retain the characteristics of 'good'
hatchery trout.
Procedures: Contacts are made with production hatchery
personnel to thoroughly explain the value of the selected strain
and to request their assistance in carrying out successful studies.
The total number of strains and production hatcheries involved
will vary from year to year.
In order to gather the minimum comparative data, participat-
ing product on hatcheries are urged to comply with the following
design when raising a selected strain in comparison with one of
their own 'native' strains: a. Sac fry and fry of both strains to be as
close in age as possible, b. Trout densities to be equal after 1 plus
inches and position in holding unit series to be identical, c. Same
water supply, flow, temperature and diet for both groups, d.
Records of diet, growth and mortality should be monthly and as
complet and accurate as possible, e. If prophylactic treatments for
ectoparasites, fungus, or gill disease are part of the standard prac-
tice—and only furunculosis resistance is being tested—then treat
the selected strain along with the 'native' strain, f. If treatments
are required for any of the diseases or ectoparasites for which
strain resistance is being tested, contact this laboratory before
starting this medication, g. Monthly or periodic performance re-
ports are desired, with a final report covering general behavior at
the termination of the study, h. If the strains are to be carried into
or through the yearling stage, the participating production
hatchery is urged to continue the comparative study.
The project biologist from this laboratory will make periodic
visits to the participating hatcheries to offer assistance and
guidance, as well as disease diagnosis if disired.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
3.0044, ANALYSIS OF DATA AND PREPARATION OF
MANUSCRIPTS FOR PUBLICATION
R.F. DUMAS, State Dept. of Env. Conserv., Rome, New York
13440
Objective: To prepare the results of the furunculosis testing
program for the years 1963-71 for publication.
Procedure: Write and present the collective data on all
phases of the testing program and the results of the testing pro-
gram for publication in various periodicals.
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FISH AND SHELLFISH PATHOLOGY
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
3.0045, CYTOLOGY OF VIRAL NEOPLASMS OF FISH
R. WALKER, Rensselaer Polytechnic Inst., Graduate School,
Troy, New York 12181
Work will be continued on virus-associated skin warts offish:
A. Lymphocystis disease is fairly well known in its middle and late
stages. Recent work here on the ultrastructure of the penetration
of the virus into connective tissue of the sunfish focuses attention
on the fuzzy outer layer of the virion's coat. Enzymic or detergent
(etc.?) degradation of this outer layer will be followed by studies
of altered infectivity in the normal host and in other species. B. A
membrane- budded virus superinfecting lymphocystis giant cells
of sunfish has been studied by electron microscopy. This will be
described as an 'orphan' virus. Suspicion of its origin from Tu-
bifex feeding has led to finding of virus-like particles in Tubifex
from a trout hatchery. This lead will be followed by electron
microscpy of the worms. If the virus is repeatedly found, attempts
will be made to initiate infection in sunfish, trout, and other spe-
cies. C. The localized presence of surface-budded virus in both
dermal sarcoma and in epidermal hyperplasia of Stizostedion has
again been confirmed this spring. The viruses are presumably dif-
ferent, but this August we will have access to a supply of
Stizostedion fingerlings for experiments on the tissue specificity
of these two viruses. The experiments will be controlled by elec-
tron microscopy.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Hlth. Ed. & Wei. - N.I.H.
3.0046, BACTERIAL FLORA OF APPARENTLY
HEALTHY STRIPED BASS (ROCCUS SAXATILIS) & ITS
CORRELATION WITH THE BACTERIA OF THE
HATCHERY WATER SUPPLY
C.W. OREAR, East Carolina University, School of Arts, Green-
ville, North Carolina 27834
Assays of the bacterial flora of striped bass (Roccus saxatilis)
and its environment will provide information that can be used to
understand better the complex factors involved in fish bacterial
diseases and the total environmental relationship of fish. Numeri-
cal characterization to assess phenotypic similarity of isolates will
provide a means of determining the relatedness among the iso-
lates from fish and water.
The student investigator will be expected to help develop
proper techniques for isolation and culture to provide informa-
tion neded for numerical analysis.
SUPPORTED BY No Formal Support Reported
3.0047, PARASITES OF FRESH-WATER FISHES IN
NORTH CAROLINA
G.C. MILLER, Univ. of North Carolina, Agricultural Experiment
Sta., Raleigh, North Carolina 27600 (NC03291)
OBJECTIVE: Study the ecology and life histories of parasites
in our native fresh-water fishes, especially those of economic im-
portance and their possible relationship to man and his
domesticated animals.
APPROACH: Host animals from various parts of the state
will be collected and studied for the prevalence of parasitism.
These host fishes will be collected by the use of setpoles, trotlines
traps, angling, netting and seining. In addition, some hosts may be
obtained from the North Carolina Wildlife Commission and the
North Carolina Cooperative Fishery Unit. Fishes from lakes,
ponds, and streams will be examined to study the effect of en-
vironmental influences on parasite burden in the host. Some
smaller, non-game fishes are directly implicated in the life histo-
ries of parasites of some economically important hosts. Parasitic
helminths, leeches, and copepods will be the primary organisms
investigated but protozoans also may be included if they show sig-
nificant parasitism.
PROGRESS: This project was just initiated in October, 1969
and therefore there is little to be reported at this time. Contacts
were established with fishery biologists at Lake Norman and at
Kerr Scott Lake. Samples of various species of fishes were sur-
veyed from both lakes to determine the incidence and types of
parasites in these hosts. Lake Norman especially offers some
unique possibilities. The presence of the Duke Power Plant and its
associated thermal 'pollution,' or rather thermal effects, offers an
opportunity to study these effects on the parasitic fauna as com-
pared with other parts of the lake and other comparable lakes.
Studies have been initiated in this direction. Small samples of
fishes from ponds and streams have been surveyed for parasites
since it is our intention to identify and determine the importance
of these parasites in fresh-water fishes in North Carolina.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - C.S.R.S.
3.0048, RESEARCH VESSEL OPERATIONS
W.V. BURT, Oregon State University, School of Science, Canal-
lis, Oregon 97331
This project provides partial operating support for two
research vessels operated by Oregon State University for the
Period 1 December to 30 November 1970.
A wide range of research projects will utilize shiptime pro-
vided by this grant. Examples of projects are the following: studies
of nepheloid layers using optical techniques; studies of seawater
chemistry and of interstitial water chemistry at the sediment-sea-
water interface; studies of parasites of fish and benthos; studies of
ecology of nekton in relation to upwelling and Columbia River
plume measurement of orbital wave velocities in conjunction with
sea and atmospheric turbulence studies.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. National Science Foundation
3.0049, INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF SALMONID FISHES
J.L. FRYER, Oregon State University, Agricultural Experiment
Sta., CorvaUis, Oregon 97331 (ORE00815)
OBJECTIVE: Study the epidemiology and transmission of in-
fectious diseases in populations of fishes with emphasis on certain
bacterial agents. Investigate the use of immunological methods
for both prevention and diagnosis of fish diseases. Determine the
source of infection, life history and means of transmission of in-
fectious protozoa.
APPROACH: The above objectives will be pursued employ-
ing standard bacteriological methods and procedures required for
the study of infectious diseases.
PROGRESS: Results indicate that fish form significant
amounts of antibody when injected with Aeromanas salmoncida
or Chondrococcus columnaris. Experiments are now underway in
which oral vaccines have been prepared from these bacteria and
are being fed to salmon. The purpose of these tests is to determine
that disease protection can be conferred to these animals. Results
of experiments with endotoxin from A. salmoncida indicate the
material is relatively unimportant in the disease process.
SUPPORTED BY Oregon State Government - Salem
3.0050, BIOLOGY OF THE PROTOZOAN PARASITE
CERATOMYXA SHASTA
J.L. FRYER, Oregon State University, Agricultural Experiment
Sta., CorvaUis, Oregon 97331 (ORE00908)
OBJECTIVE: Determine the method of transmission of dis-
ease to fish. Attempt to discover infectious stage of organisms,
describe and define the biological and physical characteristics of
infectious agent. Examine possibility of intermediate host, and
distribution and impact on populations of fish resulting from in-
fection by organism.
APPROACH: Transmission of disease: Various organisms
will be examined as intermediate hosts for transmission of this dis-
ease. In addition we plan experiments which will attempt to define
the size of the infectious agent responsible for this disease. Once
the infectious agent has been defined, we will attempt to describe
the biological and physical properties of the organism. Infectious
Stage: A great deal of this work will involve filtration of water car-
rying the infectious stage and the examination of these filters. Dis-
tribution and Impact of Intermediate Host: In an attempt to
discover the infectious organism we will continue to investigate
the geographical distribution of the organism and to examine any
material occurring in epizootics caused by this disease.
PROGRESS: The results of the ecological study of Cerato-
myxa shasta now clearly indicate that the infectious disease arises
1-128
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from two sources; Crescent and Suttle Lakes in the Deschutes
River system of Oregon. The disease enters the Columbia River
by way of the Deschutes River system and does not exist in the
Columbia River above its confluents with the Deschutes. The only
other contributors of the disease to the Columbia system are
LaCamas Creek and the Cowlitz River in Washington. The ultra
structure of the spore was examined by means of electron
microscopy. Experiments dealing with the transmission of this dis-
ease have failed to reveal the method by which this occurs.
SUPPORTED BY Oregon State Government - Salem
3.0051, THE RELATIONSHIP OF TEMPERATURE TO
DISEASE OF SALMONID FISHES
J.L. FRYER, Oregon State University, Agricultural Experiment
Sta., Corvattis, Oregon 97331 (ORE00909)
OBJECTIVE: Determine the effect of water temperature on
the most important infectious diseases of salmonid fish. Deter-
mine effect of temperature on survival of the specific disease
agents in Columbia river water.
APPROACH: Experimental groups offish will be held in in-
dividual tanks in groups of twenty-five. Each tank will be supplied
with flowing well water maintained at a constant temperature.
Temperatures in the range of 38 F to 73 F will be studied. Fish
will be inoculated with a pure culture of the pathogen being stu-
died and the number of fatal infections occurring in each tem-
perature group during the appropriate experimental period
recorded. In vitro experiments will be carried out with each dis-
ease agent by suspending a pure culture in Columbia river water
at temperature intervals within the above range and determining
the death rate or the maximum survival period for each tempera-
ture.
PROGRESS: Notification was received concerning this grant
in late May 1969 and the first appointments made in July 1969.
Thus far all the effort has gone into a design and installation of a
complicated temperature control equipment required for the con-
duct of these experiments. It is presently estimated by Cornell,
Howland, Hayes and Merryfield that installation of the equipment
will be complete sometime during April 1970.
SUPPORTED BY Oregon State Government - Salem
3.0052, ECOLOGY OF RECREATIONALLY IMPORTANT
ESTUARINE FISHES IN OREGON
H.F, MORTON, Oregon State University, Agricultural Experi-
ment Sta., CorvaUis, Oregon 97331 (ORE00778)
OBJECTIVE: Provide fundamental understanding of the
ecological factors which influence the abundance and well-being
of the recreationally important fish species in Oregon estuaries;
and develop the understanding of the ecology of the various spe-
cies into recommendations for management practices. Specific
objectives for immediate study are: Determine the seasonal food
habits of the white seaperch in Yaquina Bay, Oregon. Determine
the kinds and relative abundance of the internal and external
parasites to which the white seaperch plays host. Determine the
relationships of length to weight, age to length and weight, and
fecundity and maturity to age and length, determine the possible
existence of coastal races of the species.
APPROACH: Data on length, weight, fecundity and maturity
will be determined from specimens collected at two-week inter-
vals. Fyke nets, beach seines, gill nets, oner trawls and angling
techniques will be used to capture specimens. Food habits will be
analyzed by the volumetric and frequency of occurrence
techniques. Parasites will be collected by standard autopsy
techniques. Racial analysis will be determined by electrophoretic
methods.
PROGRESS: Investigations of the 'Movement and Angler
Use of Four Foodfishes in Yaquina Bay, Oregon', and the 'Early
Life History and Potential Yield of the Basket Cockle in Netarts
Bay, Oregon' were conducted. The first study listed was
completed and published by Beardsley (1969). In the study of the
basket cockle in Netarts Bay, research was directed toward the
following goals: (1) Determining growth and mortality rates of
larval and post-larval cockles; (2) examining the effects of en-
vironmental variation, including changes in temperature, salinity,
and food abundance, on the growth and mortality of cockle
FISH AND SHELLFISH PATHOLOGY
clams; (3) attempting to determine the most important environ-
mental features affecting the distribution and abundance of laral
cockle clams at the time of setting. To achieve these goals, sedi-
ment samples were collected in Netarts Bay from early spring
through September, 1969. These samples are now being
processed for enumeration and description of bivalve larvae and
post-larvae. Samples of mature cockle clams have been collected
during the same period of study to determine condition and time
of gametogenesis. A vertically integrating plankton pump was
constructed and perfected.
SUPPORTED BY Oregon State Government - Salem
3.0053, AQUICULTURE, SALMON CULTURE
RESEARCH
W.J. MCNEIL, Oregon State University, School of Agriculture,
CorvaUis, Oregon 97331
Release of pink, chum, and chinook salmon from the Netarts
hatchery for winter-spring 1970 is scheduled. Total number of
fish released is expected to exceed 500,000 and may approach
1,000,000. Studies on effects of salinity and temperature on
growth of salmon will be emphasized at Port Orford. Field experi-
ments on cryopreservation of pink salmon sperm will be con-
ducted in Alaska in conjunction with transplantation of eggs to
Oregon. Culture of salmon in heated sea water from stem-electric
stations and effects of the 'salmon poisoning' parasite on growth
of salmon will be studied at the Marine Science Center.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Commerce - N.O.A.A.
3.0054, EPIDEMOLOGY OF 'SALMON POISONING' DIS-
EASE
R.E. MILLEMANN, Oregon State University, Agricultural Ex-
periment Sta., Corvallis, Oregon 97331 (ORE006S7)
OBJECTIVE: Determine the natural definitive host(s) for
the fluke and rickettsiae; whether animals, other than canids, ex-
perimentally infected with the trematode also harbor the rickett-
siae. Determine if fluke eggs and miracidia carry the rickettsiae
and are capable of transmitting the disease to susceptible dogs;
and attempt to locate the rickettsiae in various fluke stages.
APPROACH: Inject various stages of fluke parasite into
susceptible dogs; and use fluorescent antibody technique. Study
the relationship between the parasite and fish with emphasis on:
Effect in salinity levels on parasites and rickettsiae retention by
anadromoun salmonid fish; susceptibility of non-salmonid fish to
infection; comparative susceptibility of native and introduced
species of salmonids; and levels of infection upon the growth and
swimming performance of salmonids.
PROGRESS: Studies on the natural animal hosts for
Nanophyetus salmincola were completed and the results
published. The etiologic agent was characterized by electron
microscopy. Preliminary results have indicated that the agent has
been grown in embryonated chicken eggs. Studies on the effects
of the trematode on the growth and swimming performance of
salmonid fish are being continued.
SUPPORTED BY Oregon State Government - Salem
3.0055, MARINE FISHERIES - SYMBIOSIS AND
PARASITISM - RESEARCH
/. PRATT, Oregon State University, School of Science, CorvaUis,
Oregon 97331
The research and training in this section of the marine fishe-
ries project is concerned with the study of the parasites and other
symbiotic relationships involving fishes and molluscs in the
estuarine and shallow water environment. Included are: a) The
identification and study of host-parasite relationships that are
potentially harmful, especially under the conditions of aquicul-
ture, b) determination of ecological factors governing the in-
cidence of parasitism in the natural situation, c) study of the role
of parasitism in the survival of larval and juvenile fishes, d) and a
study of the symbiotic relationship between an unicellular alga
and the cockle clam. We are also available for the study of
epidemics that may occur in laboratory experimental tanks and
ponds. The species of fishes under study include starry flounder.
1-129
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FISH AND SHELLFISH PATHOLOGY
rex sole, English sole, several species of the embiotocid perches
and rockfish.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Commerce - N.O.A.A.
3.0056, MYCOTOXIN TOXICITY AND CARCINOGENE-
SIS IN TROUT
R.O. SINNHUBER, Oregon State University, Agricultural Ex-
periment Sta., Corvallis, Oregon 97331 (ORE00859)
OBJECTIVE: Quantitate the carcinogenicity of ingested
aflatoxins B(l), B(2), G(l) and G(2). Investigate the possible
synergistic activity of combinations of the four aflatoxins in the
induction of hepatoma in rainbow trout. Determine the effect of
certain mold metabolites on the dose-response to aflatoxin-in-
duced hepatoma. These would include kojic acid, aspergillic acid
and fungal products of related chemical structure. Determine the
acute toxicity of aflatoxins B( 1), B(2), G( 1) and G(2) to rainbow
trout.
APPROACH: Rainbow trout (Salmo gairdnerii) will be used
as the principal test animal for this project; however, other test
animals such as rats or mice may be included as the work dictates.
Past work with the rainbow trout, and in particular the Mt. Shasta
strain, has shown it to be extremely sensitive to aflatoxin. These
fish will be hatched at our laboratory and reared in disease-free,
filtered water with complete control of dietary intake. A basal test
diet of vitamin-free casein, gelatin, dextrin, minerals and vitamins
found to be very satifactory in previous experiments, will be used
as the medium for feed test substances. Feed consumption and
growth rate will be measured during the experimental period
usually 20 months.
PROGRESS: The acute toxicity of kojic acid, a mold
metabolite, which accompanies aflatoxins in most mold cultures
was determined in rainbow trout and found to be 12.36 mg/kg by
I.P. Two other species gave similar results. Chronic feeding stu-
dies with aflatoxin B( 1) are in progress. The evaluation of the car-
cinogenicity of aflatoxin M( 1) is showing this compound, which is
a metabolite of B( 1), to be a powerful carcinogen. This com-
pound is found in the milk and urine of animals consuming B( 1).
A number of other mold metabolites provided by the Food and
Drug Administration are under test, these include: aspertoxin,
sterigmatocystin, ochratoxin and patulin.
SUPPORTED BY Oregon State Government - Salem
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
3.0059, IMPROVEMENT OF SALMON AND STEELHEAD
TROUT HATCHERY TECHNIQUES
E. PVLFORD, State Fish Commission, Portland, Oregon 97201
Conduct work connected with the operation of salmon
hatcheries and specifically in the areas of Hatchery Practices, In-
factious Diseases, and Nutrition-Physiology.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Commerce - N.O.A.A.
3.0060, MASS MORTALITY OF OYSTERS ALONG THE
OREGON COAST
C.D. SNOW, State Fish Commission, Portland, Oregon 97201
Summary of Proposed Work: The Oregon Fish Commission
is continuing the oyster mortality monitoring program begun in
1966 with slight changes to conform with the recommendations
of the team of experts which reviewed the program in 1968. Sam-
pling stations will be maintained in TUlamook, Yaquina and Coos
Bays.
In Yaquina Bay, the number of sampling stations will be
reduced from six to three to permit more intensive monitoring of
both native and Pacific oysters. Observations will be made every
two weeks, and samples will be collected every 4 weeks. Those
and dead or abnormal oysters will be sent to the University of
Washington for histological examination.
In addition to the sampling stations in Yaquina Bay, an obser-
vation station will be established at the dock of the Marine
Science Center. Observations will be made each working day.
Dead or moribund animals will be collected for histological ex-
amination.
There will be one station at Tillamook and Coos Bays. Sam-
pling will be monthly with collections for histological examination
from the control lots and the adjacent beds.
Water quality measurements at Yaquina Bay will include
temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen and turbidity plus supple-
mental information from the Federal Water Pollution Control
Administration and Oregon State University. At Tillamook and
Coos Bays measurements of temperature, salinity and dissolved
oxygen will be taken during each sampling visit.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Commerce - N.O.A.A.
3.0057, IMPACT OF CERATOMYXA IN CENTRAL
OREGON SALMONID POPULATIONS
J.L. FRYER, State Fish Commission, Portland, Oregon 97201
Objectives: Determine the geographical distribution of the
disease within the Deschutes Basin and specificity of some sal-
monid species.
Procedures: (1) To define the distribution of the organism
and to observe where it may have been spread into areas formerly
free of the disease, a survey will be continued, (a) This will be ac-
complished by exposing uninfected fish at selected sites in rivers
and lakes and then examining these animals for presence of the
disease, (b) Various species of salmonids will be liveboxed to
determine specificity of the organism.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
3.0058, TRANSMISSION OF CERATOMYXA SHASTA
R.G. HERRIG, State Fish Commission, Portland, Oregon 97201
Objectives: Determine the method by which the disease is
transmitted to fish, find the infectious stage of the organism, ex-
amine the possibility of an intermediate host, describe and define
the biological and physical characteristics of the infectious agent.
Procedures: 1. Conduct transmission experiments utilizing
spores. 2. Establish laboratory scale experiments designed to in-
duce a natural infection under controlled conditions. (Use water
and sediments from areas containing infectious agent.) 3. Deter-
mine infectious stage of the disease. 4. Examine other vertebrate
and invertebrate forms from Central Oregon waters, as a possible
intermediate host. 5. Determine size of the agent by passing infec-
tious water through fileters.
3.0061, VIRAL DISEASES OF MARINE FISHES
D.G. BECKWITH, Lehigh University, Graduate School,
Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015
No summary has been provided to the Science Information
Exchange.
SUPPORTED BY Society of the Sigma Xi New Haven,
Conn.
3.0062, USE OF CELL CULTURE METHODS TO AT-
TEMPT TO FOLLOW DEVELOPING STAGES OF SPORES
J.M. MCKINNEY, State Fish Commission, Harrisburg, Pennsyl-
vania
Objective: Fish cell culture techniques have recently been
well developed by Dr. Ken Wolf at the Eastern Fish Disease
Laboratory at Leetown, West Virginia. Numerous organisms have
been grown in mammalian cell lines over the years. Previous
research with protozoans such as coccidia indicates it may be
possible to culture some phases of Myxosoma cerebralis in cell
and tissue culture. The objective of this phase will be to explore
the possibilities of cultivating stages of the parasite in cell culture.
Procedure: It may be necessary to utilize members of the
Genus Myxobolus to carry out preliminary phases of this work.
The Genus Myxobolus is a sporozoan very similar to Myxosoma
but it has some facets which makes it advantageous for tissue cul-
ture work.
The Myxobolus cysts containing spores can be removed in-
tact from the host organism. The cyst will then be disinfected ex-
ternally to exlude any bacteria from them. After the cyst has been
disinfected it will be placed in sterile saline to be homogenized.
1-130
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FISH AND SHELLFISH PATHOLOGY
These spores will then be subjected to various treatments such as
aeration, pH changes, and temperature changes in an attempt to
develop stages that may be infective. These possibly infective
stages will then be added to tissue culture media in which a fish
cell line is being propagated. The final goal will be the actual
development of the vegetative phase of the organism in cell cul-
ture. Information gained from working with Myxobolus will be
used to attempt similar culturing techniques with Myxosoma
cerebralis spores.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior Bu. Sport Fish.
3.0063, SUSCEPTIBILITY OF VARIOUS AGES OF FISH
TO INFECTION
J.M. MCKINNEY, State Fish Commission, Harrisburg, Pennsyl-
vania
Objective: It is the purpose of this phase to develop a pattern
of susceptibility that will hopefully reveal an age at which fish are
most vulnerable to the disease.
Procedure: As soon as an infection can be established, fish of
predetermined ages will be introduced into infected water and
records will be kept to determine which age group is most
susceptible. In addition, trout eggs will be incubated in water con-
taining whirling disease to determine if the eggs can become in-
fected prior to hatching. Results from recent experiments un-
dertaken at the Eastern Fish Disease Laboratories at Leetown,
West Virginia have proven that sac fry become infected prior to
feeding while the esophageal plug is still intact.
If the age relationship to susceptibility is established it may
be feasible to control the disease by quaranteening lots of fish
during the period of susceptibility. This segment of the project
will be seasonal depending on the availability of young trout.
Most of this work will be done during the early months of 1970.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
3.0064, UTILIZATION OF INVERTEBRATE VECTORS IN
THE TRANSMISSION OF WHIRLING DISEASE
J.M. MCKINNEY, State Fish Commission, Harrisburg, Pennsyl-
vania
Objective: To ascertain the importance of invertebrate vec-
tors in the transmission of whirling disease. At the present time it
is not known for sure if invertebrate vectors are necessary for the
transmission of this disease. Present evidence suggests they are
not involved but it is quite common for such vectors to be as-
sociated with the life cycles of many of the parasitic worms found
in fish.
Procedure: Recent experiments undertaken by the Eastern
Fish Disease Laboratory at Leetown, West Virginia rule out the
importance of vertebrate vectors in the transmission of whirling
disease. This job is hereby deleted from the project.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
3.006S, USE OF TISSUE SECTIONING TECHNIQUES TO
ATTEMPT TO FOLLOW THE LIFE HISTORY OF
WHIRLING DISEASE PARASITES FROM THE FIRST DAY
OF INFECTION
J.M. MCKINNEY, State Fish Commission, Harrisburg, Pennsyl-
vania
Objective: In order to be able to completely understand the
development of this disease in fish it would be desirable to follow
the parasite through all stages in the fish. Due to the small size of
the spore and vegetative forms the only method of observing the
parasite in the fish is through histological sections. Attempts will
be made to find the vegetative stages as well as spores in the vari-
ous trout tissues.
Procedure: Young fry will artificially infected if feasible or
will be held in water known to be contaminated with spores of
Myxosoma cerebralis. At daily intervals some of the fry will be
removed and placed in a fixative for future histological work.
After the specimens have been collected they will be sectioned
and placed on individual slides. The various organs and tissues
will be observed to check with the presence of tropozoites and
spores.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
3.0066, TREATMENT OF WHIRLING DISEASE SPORES
TO PRODUCE INFECTIVE STATES OF THE ORGANISM
J.M. MCKINNEY, State Fish Commission, Harrisburg, Pennsyl-
vania
Objective: To subject whirling disease spores to various treat-
ments and conditions in an attempt to learn more about how the
spores become infective. Such information is needed to be able to
produce laboratory infections on a regular basis.
Procedure: Spores will be taken from infected fish and sub-
jected to various treatments. One treatment will be the aging of
spores. Some researchers believe it necessary for the spores to
remain dormant for an undetermined period of time before they
will produce infective stages. For this reason, the spores will be
subjected to refrigeration, freezing, elevated temperatures and
other environmental conditions. Following such treatments, the
viability of the spores will be tested using a YSI Biological Oxygen
Monitoring System which will measure the respiration of the
spores. The development of this system as an assay tool will hope-
fully provide a practical method for determining the efficiency of
disinfecting procedures.
Work Schedule: We will continue the work started in phase II
in an effort to infect fish with collected spores. To date we have
not been able to produce infections on a regular basis. We will
continue to work with the Eastern Fish Disease Laboratory at
Leetown, who we understand has made progress in effecting a
system of laboratory infections on a regular basis.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
3.0067, METHODS OF COLLECTING AND CONCEN-
TRATING SPORES TAKEN FROM INFECTED FISH
J.M. MCKINNEY, State Fish Commission, Harrisburg, Pennsyl-
vania
Objective: To determine effective methods of obtaining an
adequate number of spores with which to conduct further experi-
ments.
Procedure: The spores of Myxosoma cerebralis have been
successfully concentrated by centrifugation. Future experiments
will be designed to purify spore concentrations by eliminating ex-
traneous suspended matter from solution. Density-gradient sedi-
mentation, centrifugation, and/or the decomposition of protein
by enzymatic action will be utilized to achieve this goal.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
3.0068, DETERMINE IF SPORES OR INFECTIVE
STAGES ARE SHED FROM LIVING FISH
J.M. MCKINNEY, State Fish Commission, Harrisburg, Pennsyl-
vania
Objective: At the present time it is not known if infective
stages of whirling disease are shed before the fish dies. This phase
of the study will attempt to prove if the infected fish can transmit
the disease to other fish prior to their death. Three methods will
be employed to achieve this goal.
Procedure: 1. An attempt will be made to collect infective
units by filtering diluted fecal samples through filters of known
pore size. This will assist in determining the size of the infective
stages. Trout fry will be exposed to the filtrate to determine its in-
fectivity. 3. Attempts will be made to isolate stages of M.
cerebralis from the peritoneal cavity. Physiological saline will be
injected into the cavity and the washings withdrawn into the syr-
inge. The material will be examined microscopically for stages of
the parasite.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
3.0069, MULTIPLICATION OF ENTERIC VIRUSES IN
SHELLFISH
P. W. CHANG, Univ. of Rhode Island, Agricultural Experiment
Sta., Kingston, Rhode Island02881 (RI00404)
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FISH AND SHELLFISH PATHOLOGY
OBJECTIVE: Determine whether or not: Enteroviruses can
multiply in the tissues of marine shellfish; enterovirus receptors
are demonstrable in any shellfish tissues. Determine nature of
viral receptors in shellfish tissues if such receptors exist.
APPROACH: The methods outlined in this study are
designed to circumvent the difficulties encountered by previous
investigators in evaluating whether virus measured in shellfish tis-
sue represents persisting input virus or virus formed De Novo.
These methods include the use of proflavine labelled virus, elec-
tron microscopy of infected tissue. The shellfish tissues will also
be examined for viral receptors.
SUPPORTED BY Rhode Island State Government
3.0070, MARINE FISH-CULTURE PATHOLOGY
R. WOLKE, Univ. of Rhode Island, Graduate School, Kingston,
Rhode Island 02881
1. To develop and staff a diagnostic and research
histopathology laboratory at the University of Rhode Island for
investigation of the disease of marine organisms of commercial
importance (fish and shellfish). 2. To obtain a qualitative and
quantitative survey of the disease offish in the marine and fresh-
water environments of Rhode Island and those associated with
aquaculture projects within the State. 3. To obtain an estimate of
these diseases on the fisheries ecology. 4. To provide normal and
abnormal histological sections of various species of fish that may
serve as base data for future research and teaching purposes. 5.
To collect (as a task force member of the International Congress
Against Cancer) neoplastic lesions of bottom-feeding marine fish.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Commerce - N.O.A.A.
3.0071, THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENTLY EXTRACTED
ENDOTOXINS FROM ESCHERICHIA COLI ON RAINBOW
TROUT (SALMO GAIRDNERI)
G.P. OLEARY, Providence College, Graduate School,
Providence, Rhode Island 02908
The proposed research involves a laboratory study on the
possible lethal and side effects of bacterial endotoxin on rainbow
trout. The investigation will be conducted using endotoxin ex-
tracted from the water pollutant organism Escherichia coli. The
endotoxin will be extracted by four mild extraction methods
thought to give endotoxin- lipopolysaccharide preparations more
closely related to the natural state found associated with the living
organism. The four extraction procedures will be a ethylene
diaminete traacetic acid (EOTA) method, a water method, a
trichloracetic acid method, and an aqueous ether extraction
method. The extracted endotoxin will be administered to the rain-
bow trout by intraperitoneal, and intravenous injections in an
aqueous solution.
The lethal effect of the endotoxin will be measured by the
amount (microgram of endotoxin per gram body weight of trout)
necessary to cause a 50% death rate (LDSO). Other physiological
effects due to endotoxemia besides LDSO measurements will be
noted and measured where possible for correlation with endotox-
in effects on animals.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - O. Wtr. Res. Rch.
3.0072, WALLEYE AND NORTHERN PIKE STUDY
J.E. CRABTREE, State Parks & Wildlife Dept., Austin, Texas
78701
Objective: To determine for walleye and northern pike in
Texas waters: I. Food habits, 2. Reproductive habits, 3. Age and
growth, 4. Seasonal distribution and movements, 5. Presence of
parasites.
Procedures: 1. Monthly collections of various sizes of fish
will be made utilizing gill nets, frame nets, trawls and seines. Col-
lections will be made more often during periods of particular im-
portance such as the spawning period. The stomach contents of
specimens taken will be analyzed. Fish foods will be identified to
species and invertebrate foods to order, if possible. 2. Determina-
tion of spawning sites and time will be made through observations
and sampling with nets and seines. Fecundity and age at maturity
will be determined from samples taken in number 1 above. 3.
Samples taken under number 1 above will be weighed, measured
and K-factors figured. Age will be determined by scale annuli
counts and by length-frequency studies. Fish of known age will be
marked to aid in age-growth determination and in determining
longevity. 4. Seasonal distribution will be determined by collect-
ing in each ecological habitat during the month. Records of
release sites for marked fish, in number 3 above, will be recorded
and compared with returns to determine movements of the
marked fish. 5. All samples taken will be examined grossly for the
presence of parasites.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
3.0073, SALT WATER POND RESEARCH
W.R. MORE, State Parks & Wildlife Dept., Austin, Texas 78701
1. To determine survival rates of spotted seatrout (Cynoscion
nebulosus) and black drum (Pogonias cromis) released after cap-
ture with various types of fishing gear. 2. To determine correla-
tions between mortality rates and seasons of temperatures in spe-
cies offish as listed in 1 above. 3. To measure the effect of salinity
on shrimp ecology. 4. To determine the effect of pond size on
growth and survival of Penaeid shrimp. 5. To study the feasibility
of holding shrimp in man-made ponds during winter for off-
season sale as bait shrimp. 6. To evaluate mortalities associated
with different fish tagging methods over short and long term
periods. 7. To determine loss of tags associated with different
tagging methods used on different fish. 8. To determine the best
tagging method for individual fish species. 9. To determine if
oysters from other bay systems are more resistent to the diseases
found in Matagorda Bay. 10. To determine to what extent water
depth affects oyster growth and survival in ponds. 11. As time
permits, preliminary work on techniques for the propagation of
sciaenid fish in the laboratory will be conducted.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Comm. Fish.
3.0074, BACTERIAL AND VIRAL DISEASES AND CELL
CULTURES OF MARINE FISH AND SHELLFISH
G.W. KLONTZ, Texas A & M University System, Sea Grant Pro-
gram Office, College Station, Texas 77843
The continuing objectives of this project are to study the bac-
terial and viral diseases enzootic to wild and propagated fish and
shellfish in the Gulf of Mexico. The Program is broad-based to en-
compass the following: 1) Detection and characterization, in vitro
as well as in vivo, of bacteria and viruses pathogenic for marine
fish and shellfish; 2) Epizootiological studies to determine the sig-
nificance of the isolated disease-producing agents; 3) Diagnostic
services for private and governmental agencies; 4) Professional
training at the graduate level for qualified students-both
veterinarians and fisheries biologists.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Commerce - N.O.A.A.
3.0075, A HISTOPATHOLOGICAL STUDY AND
DESCRIPTION OF ACUTE INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE IN
SPECKLED TROUT (CYNOSCION NEBULOSUS)
R.M. ROBINSON, Texas A & M University System, Sea Grant
Program Office, College Station, Texas 77843
The purpose of this experimentation is to provide basic
research data on the histopathological changes involved in acute
inflammation in the fish. These presently unavailable data are im-
perative to pathological interpretation of lesions induced by vari-
ous mechanisms as they relate to spontaneous and experimental
diseases.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Commerce - N.O.A.A.
3.0076, A fflSTOLOGIC STUDY OF MARINE FISH
R.F. SIS, Texas A & M University System, Sea Grant Program Of-
fice, College Station, Texas 77843
In an attempt to solve the food shortage in the world, an in-
creasing number of investigators are studying the diseases of
food- producing fsh. There is a particular need for base line stu-
dies in microscopic anatomy of fish in support of the research of
fish diseases. This project will study the gross and microscopic ap-
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nearance of tissues and organs offish from the Gulf of Mexico. In-
formation will be obtained on the comparative histology of dif-
ferent species of fish to be used for experimentation by marine
fish investigators in the College of Veterinary Medicine at Texas
A&M University. Such a description will be valuable in determin-
ing the normal and abnormal appearance of fish tissue when stu-
dying fish diseases. This investigation will contribute to our
knowledge of comparative histology and provide a collection of
histologic material for future teaching and research.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Commerce - N.O. A.A.
3.0077, TESTING OF STOCKS OF OYSTERS FOR DIS-
EASE RESISTANCE
J.D. ANDREWS, State Marine Resources Comm., Newport News,
Virginia 23607
The objective of this phase is the determination of degree of
disease resistance of selected stocks of oysters.
Selected stocks of potentially resistant oysters have been
placed in locations where disease is known to be active. Testing of
these stocks will be continued and new stocks added to the pro-
gram.
Susceptible oysters will be imported at appropriate times for
the purpose of assessing the level of disease activity. Levels of in-
fection will be followed by periodic sampling and examination of
tissues for presence of MSX, Dermocystidium, and other disease
agents. Mortalities will be followed by means of standard tray
techniques. New generations will be added to the testing program.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Commerce - N.O.A.A.
3.0078, ACQUIRED VS. GENETIC RESISTANCE IN
OYSTERS
J.D. ANDREWS, State Marine Resources Comm., Newport News,
Virginia 23607
Our attention has been focused on acquired resistance
because it offers a shortcut to resumed oyster production in MSX
areas. However, it is apparent that genetic factors are also in-
volved in the resistance and growth of progeny lots. No selection
for quality has been permitted to avoid biasing the tests on MSX
resistance. For the long term, genetic impovement of stocks is the
logical approach and the one intended originally in this program.
Progress has been slow for lack of quick laboratory techniques for
measuring resistance-immunological tests, for example. Labora-
tory studies of the disease agents are still unsatisfactory and ap-
pear to have been aborted by most laboratories.
Our intention is to continue exploring genetic resistance
from the field approach but with at least half the new progeny lots
being selected for shape, growth, size and other feasible desirable
characteristics as well as for disease resistance. This process will
begin in the hatchery and be followed throughout the life span of
a brood. Improvements in hatchery techniques of conditioning,
spawning and rearing are occurring rapidly. The advent of free
spat will permit handling many more young oysters than formerly
and small lots have been considered a handicap in genetic studies.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Commerce - N.O.A.A.
3.0079, TESTS OF SELECTED SEED OYSTER STOCKS
ON COMMERCIAL BEDS
J.D. ANDREWS, State Marine Resources Comm., Newport News,
Virginia 23607
The objective of this phase is to determine whether the same
results can be obtained with pilot scale commercial plantings as
with controlled tray studies.
Native seed oysters from both an area where they have been
exposed to disease (MSX) and one where they have not will be
planted on commercial oyster bottoms in a heavily infected area.
Both groups of oysters will be monitored for MSX and control
trays maintained.
FISH AND SHELLFISH PATHOLOGY
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Commerce - N.O.A.A.
3.0080, fflSTOPATHOLOGY OF LAHONTAN
CUTTHROAT TROUT
L.M. ASHLEY, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bur. of Sport Fish &
Wildlife, Cook, Washington
Sick or moribund fish will be examined histopathologically
for evidence of tissue and organ pathology indicative of anemia,
degenerative and other diseases. Stained histological sections, tis-
sue imprints and smears will be made as part of a diagnostic ef-
fort. Infectious disease materials will be forwarded to the Western
Fish Disease Laboratory in Seattle for diagnosis.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
3.0081, HISTOPATHOLOGY OF LIVERS OF RAINBOW
TROUT FED RANCID PELLETS CONTAINING AFLATOXIN
L.M. ASHLEY, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bur. of Sport Fish. &
Wildlife, Cook, Washington
A histopathological survey of rainbow trout livers, searching
mainly for evidence of liver cell carcinoma (hepatoma) and for
incidental pathology in trout fed rancid, aflatoxin containing dry
pellets fortified with various additives such as a standard vitamin
pack, cod liver oil and alpha-tocopherol.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
3.0082, MASS MORTALITY OF PACIFIC OYSTERS
ALONG THE WASHINGTON COAST
C. LINDSAY, State Dept. of Fisheries, Olympia, Washington
98501
The Department of Fisheries will conduct field and environ-
mental studies on mass mortalities affecting Pacific Oysters as set
forth in the following phases: Phase I. Monitoring of Mortality
and Growth of Pacific Oyster Seed from 5 Source Areas. 1. Japan,
Hokina (High mortality area). 2. Japan, Mongoku-ura (Low mor-
tality area). 3. Washington, Dabob Bay. 4. Washington, Willapa
Bay. 5. Canada, Pendrell Sound. Phase II. Float Studies, Eld Inlet.
Mortality, growth, fatness, glycogen and histology of 1965 year
class (planting) oysters from beds of LeRoy Patterson. Phase III.
Transplant Study. Patterson 1965 year class (planting) oysters
previously planted at Quilcene Bay, Eld Inlet (Matthews) and Eld
Inlet (Brenners) will be transplanted from each station to the
other two. Mortality, growth, fatness, glycogen and histology will
be monitored. Phase IV. Mortality Monitoring. 1966 (planting)
year class Patterson oysters at Case, Eld, and Totten Inlets and
Oakland and Quilcene Bays. Phase V. Commercial Oyster-bed
Mortality Monitoring. Northern, central, and southern Puget
Sound, Grays Harbor, and Willapa Bay. Phase VI. Cultural Ex-
periments to Circumvent Mortalities. 1967 Japanese year class
seed planted and reared in Oakland Bay will be transplanted to
North Bay. Commercial stocks (1967) reared in North Bay will
be used for controls. Phase VII. Hydrographic Sampling. 1. Con-
tinuous recording of water temperature adjacent to oyster stocks
at the sampling stations in Quilcene Bay, Eld Inlet (Matthews),
and Eld Inlet (Brenners). 2. Eld Inlet. A. Center line of inlet. Ver-
tical distribution of salinity, temperature, O2, chlorophyll and
phosphate. B. Shallow oyster beds. Photosynthetic rate,
chlorophyll, phytoplankton species, pH, temperature, salinity,
O2, total and inorganic phosphates, nitrate, nitrite ammonia,
soluble and paniculate carbohydrates and organic nitrogen,
lipids. 3. Quilcene Bay, Oakland Bay, Totten Inlet, and Case Inlet.
Salinity, temperature, O2, chlorophyll, phytoplankton and
phosphate. Phase VIII. Standardization of Data Collection
Processing and Analysis.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Commerce - N.O.A.A.
3.0083, EFFECT OF SUPERSATURATION OF DIS-
SOLVED NITROGEN ON MIGRATING SALMONIDS
W.J. EBEL, U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Natl. Marine Fisheries Ser-
vice, Seattle, Washington 98102
Supersaturation of dissolved nitrogen in the Columbia River
can be a significant factor in the survival of migrating salmonids.
Measurements of nitrogen levels from the estuary to the upper
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FISH AND SHELLFISH PATHOLOGY
Columbia River have indicated that highest levels were reached in
the spring when large volumes of water were being spilled at
dams. Nitrogen concentrations, which were sufficiently high to
produce gas bubble disease in fish, did not equilibrate in reser-
voirs between dams. Migrant salmonids using fishways or passing
through shallow areas that force them near the surface may suffer
mortality from high nitrogen levels.
In conjunction with current fish behavior studies on the
Columbia River, experiments are in progress to examine the ef-
fect of nitrogen levels on survival of migrating adult salmonids.
Salmon in fishways are being inspected for evidence of gas bubble
disease, and systematic searches of the river system are being
made to obtain samples of moribund fish for clinical examination.
Laboratory experiments are planned to determine the effects of
nitrogen saturation at different pressures and temperatures on
survival of young and adult salmon.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Commerce N.O.A.A.
3.0084, ISOLATION OF VIRUSES FROM FISHES - IN-
VESTIGATION OF FISH EPIZOOTICS OF UNKNOWN
ETIOLOGY FOR POSSIBLE VIRUS INVOLVEMENT
D.F- AMEND, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bur. of Sport Fish. &
Wildlife, Seattle, Washington 98115
Disease of virus etiology are common to all phyla. Annually,
epizootics occur in fish populations that cannot be ascribed to the
usual causes such as nutrition, bacteria, protozoa, etc, Some of
these occurrences manifest symptoms often associated with a
virus disease - abrupt, rapid rise in mortality; rapid death of the in-
dividual; lack of response to treatment; and absence of demon-
strable cause. These disease are the ones that will be investigated
for the presence of viruses.
Suspect material will be processed in a manner affording the
virus maximum protection. Portions of filtered (through Millipore
HA filters) and unfiltered suspensions will be inoculated into
suitable intact animals and tissue cultures. These test systems will
be observed for mortalities, morbidity, and/or cytopathogenic
changes that indicate disease processes. As a standard, all materi-
al will be passed a minimum of three times before it is declared
positive or negative in order to eliminate the possibility of low
liters being responsible for the negative results or toxin causing
the positives.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior Bu. Sport Fish.
3.0085, ORAL IMMUNIZATION OF HATCHERY-
REARED SALMONIDS - RED MOUTH COMPARATIVE
VACCINE STUDY
D.P. ANDERSON, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bur. of Sport Fish.
& Wildlife, Seattle, Washington 98115
Red mouth disease (RM bacterium) in rainbow trout is a
serious problem for federal, state and private hatcheries in the
Western United States. Vaccine studies have been previously
done under this project, and a formula for an effective red mouth
vaccine was found to be effective in the laboratory, but difficulty
was encountered in field tests.
In this comparative study, an isolate of red mouth is to be
prepared by four different vaccine methods. The antigens will be
fed, and then the fish sampled periodically for the presence of an-
tibody. Finally, the test and control fish will be exposed to the
virulent bacteria.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
3.0086, CYTOPATHOGENIC EFFECT OF TOXIN ON TIS-
SUE
A.J. ROSS, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bur. of Sport Fish. & Wil-
dlife, Seattle, Washington 98115
Studies will be conducted on the effect of the toxins on cell
cultures.
The role of bacteria in causing the death of fish in many fish
diseases is not clear.
In several mammalian diseases, toxins produced by bacteria
have been proven to be the mediating factor in the disease
process. Methods used to extract toxins from bacteria] pathogens
of fish. If toxins can be incriminated as the primary cause of
death, it may be possible to prepare toxoids which can be used to
immunize fish against specific diseases.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
3.0087, CYTOPATHOGENIC EFFECT OF TOXIN IN FISH
A.J. ROSS, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bur. of Sport Fish. & Wil-
dlife, Seattle, Washington 98115
Studies will be conducted on the effect of the toxins in fish.
The role of bacteria in causing the death offish in many fish
diseases is not clear.
In several mammalian diseases, toxins produced by bacteria
have been proven to be the mediating factor in the disease
process. Methods used to extract toxins from these diseases will
be used in attempting to extract toxins from bacterial pathogens
of fish. If toxins can be incriminated as the primary cause of
death, it may be possible to prepare toxoids which can be used to
immunize fish against specific diseases.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
3.0088, CORRELATE NITROGEN GAS CONTENT OF
WATER SUPPLIES WITH DISEASE
R.R. RUCKER, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bur. of Sport Fish. &
Wildlife, Seattle, Washington 98115
Excess nitrogen gas in the water of some natural fish rearing
areas and some water supplies of hatcheries causes disease.
Methods for reducing the gas will be determined. Nitrogen
tolerance levels will be determined for fish of different ages.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
3.0089, EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION ON
FISH DISEASES - EFFECT OF HEAT STRESS ON DISEASE
RESISTANCE MECHANISMS IN SALMONID FISHES
G. WEDEMEYER, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bur. of Sport Fish.
& Wildlife, Seattle, Washington 98115
Anadromous fishes may be forced to swim through areas of
thermal pollution during their fluvial migration. The effect of
such heat stress on the host-defense mechanisms against infec-
tious diseases will be studied using the juvenile coho salmon and
steelhead trout.
Fish acclimated to 5 OF will be subjected to selected heat-
stress regimens and changes in those physiological parameters in-
volved in non- immunological disease resistance will be mea-
sured. These will include interrenal vitamin C, the 17-hydrox-
ycorticosteroid hormones, plasma proteins, glucose, oxygen
levels, and blood buffering capacity.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
3.0090, NUTRITIONAL FACTORS IN THE DEVELOP-
MENT OF CORYNEBACTERIAL KIDNEY DISEASE
G. WEDEMEYER, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bur. of Sport Fish.
& Wildlife, Seattle, Washington 98115
There is certain evidence that corn gluten as a diet ingredient
lowers the resistance of salmonid fishes to corynebacterial kidney
disease while cottonseed meal has a protective effect. The
Abernathy dry diet made up on an isocaloric, isoprotein basis will
be used to test this phenomenon.
The development of the disease will be followed using BUN,
glucose, total protein, blood pH, Hb, He, interrenal vitamin C,
liver glycogen, HCO3 ions and Cl ions to evaluate the effects of
the diet on the infection. Diagnoses will be by means of gram-
stained kidney smears.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
3.0091, HISTOPATHOGENESIS OF KIDNEY DISEASE
W. T. YASUTAKE, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bur. of Sport Fish. &
Wildlife, Seattle, Washington 98115
The objective of this study is to describe the histopathogene-
sis of experimentally induced kidney disease in salmonids. 'On-
corhynchus nerka' will be exposed to the causative agent by feed-
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FISH AND SHELLFISH PATHOLOGY
jng and interperitoneal injection. Smears, cultures, kidney, spleen
and liver imprints, and Bouin's fixed tissues will be taken weekly
for over the period of twelve weeks. Gram stain and routine paraf-
fin embedding and staining technique will be utilized.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
30092, HISTOPATHOLOGY OF SALMONID FISHES -
HISTOPATHOGENESIS OF CULTUS LAKE VIRUS DISEASE
W.T. YASUTAKE, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bur. of Sport Fish. &
Wildlife, Seattle, Washington 98115
The purpose of the study is to describe the histopathogenesis
of experimentally induced Cultus Lake Virus (CLV) Disease in
sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) fingerlings.
Samples of 10 fish exposed to a suspension of CLV will be
taken every 24 hours for 12 days. Unexposed fish will be taken at
the beginning and end of the experiment. Routine histological
techniques will be employed.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior Bu. Sport Fish.
3.0093, HISTOPATHOLOGY OF SALMONID FISHES -
BACTERIAL RED-MOUTH DISEASE HISTOPATHOGENE-
SIS OF RAINBOW TROUT (SALMON GAIRDNERI)
W.T. YASUTAKE, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bur. of Sport Fish. &
Wildlife, Seattle, Washington 98115
The objective of this study is to describe the microscopic
pathogenesis of bacterial redmouth disease in rainbow trout. The
fish will be experimentally infected by direct exposure to diseased
fish: Bouin's solution-fixed samples will be taken at intervals.
Routine paraffin embedding and staining techniques will be em-
ployed. Hemopathological studies of the circulating blood smears
and kidney and spleen tissue imprints will be correlated with the
histopathological findings.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior Bu. Sport Fish.
3.0094, NEOPLASMS OF SALMONID FISHES
W.T. YASUTAKE, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bur. of Sport Fish. &
Wildlife, Seattle, Washington 98115
Occasionally during the course of histological examination of
experimental and diagnostic specimens, neoplasms have been ob-
served. If and when interesting and/or previously unreported tu-
mors are detected, investigation will be initiated for the possible
histopathological identification of the neoplasm.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
3.0095, HISTOPATHOLOGY OF SALMONID FISHES:
DIAGNOSIS
W.T. YASUTAKE, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bur. of Sport Fish. &
Wildlife, Seattle, Washington 98115
The hematopathologic aspect of IHN as a diagnostic tool has
never been investigated. This study will investigate the feasibility
of using this technique as a quick presumptive diagnosis method
for IHN.
Circulatory blood smears and kidney hematopoietic tissue
imprints of IHN infected and non-infected sockeye salmon (On-
corhynchus nerka) and rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) will be
utilized. Leishman-Giemsa and Wright's stains will be employed.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
3.0096, BACTERIOLOGICAL AND SEROLOGICAL STU-
DIES ON MOTILE AEROMONADS AND PSEUDOMONADS
FRESHLY ISOLATED FROM DISEASED FISHES
GX. BULLOCK, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bur. of Sport Fish. &
Wildlife, Keameysville, West Virginia 25430
Previous studies on motile aeromonads represented by
Aeromonas liquefaciens and oxidative pseudomonads
represented by Pseudomonas fluorescens have indicated that the
types infecting fish were serologically heterogeneous. In an at-
tempt to define better the types of these two pathogens which in-
fect fishes, strains freshly isolated from diseased fishes will be stu-
died. Although selected morphological and biochemical charac-
teristics will be determined, most of the work will be done on the
serological properties of the strains.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
3.0097, DEVELOPMENT OF METHODS FOR RAPID
IDENTIFICATION OF BACTERIAL FISH PATHOGENS
G.L. BULLOCK, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bur. of Sport Fish. &
Wildlife, Keameysville, West Virginia 25430
Effective control of infectious diseases among hatchery
reared fishes depends on rapid, accurate identification of the in-
fecting agent. In the case of bacterial pathogens new methods,
usually used in human or veterinary medicine are being evaluated
for their use in fish pathology. These methods usually utilize
serological or cultural procedures to rapidly identify the
pathogens.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
3.0098, DETECTION OF CARRIER CONDITION IN FU-
RUNCULOSIS
G.L. BULLOCK, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bur. of Sport Fish. &
Wildlife, Keameysville, West Virginia 25430
At present, bacteriological and serological methods are
adequate only for detection of acute and chronic furunculosis. It
is essential to be able to detect the asymptomatic carriers of fu-
runculosis to avoid introducing the disease into new areas.
The present work involves an attempt to induce furunculosis
in suspected carier populations of salmonids. Trout will be in-
jected with sterile filtrate of sonicated A. salmonicida cells or
levan, prior to stress, to overcome resistance or immunity to fu-
runculosis.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
3.0099, INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF SOME SALMONID
FISHES AND THE ASSOCIATED HISTOPATHOLOGY
R.L. HERMAN, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bur. of Sport Fish. &
Wildlife, Keameysville, West Virginia 25430
Objective: At the present time there is no satisfactory infor-
mation on histopathological changes caused by some or most of
the infectious fish diseases. This information is needed for accu-
rate diagnosis.
Procedure: This study will be concerned with the
histopathology of some of the most common infectious diseases
found in hatchery reared salmonids. Experimentally infected fish
will be used in order to study daily changes in the progress of the
disease.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior Bu. Sport Fish.
3.0100, PARASITOLOGY - PARASITES AND PARASITIC
DISEASES OF FISHES - IMMUNIZATION STUDY FOR
ICHTHYOPHTfflRIUS
G.L. HOFFMAN, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bur. of Sport Fish. &
Wildlife, Keameysville, West Virginia 25430
Objective: To infect fish with 'Ichthyophthirius' under con-
trolled conditions.
Procedure: fish will be infected with 'Ichthyophthirius' under
controlled conditions, treated and allowed to recover and then
challenged with massive doses of Ich to determine if such active
immunization is feasible for protecting fish.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
3.0101, ISOLATION AND FURTHER DESCRIPTION OF
THE SPORES OF MYXOSOMA CEREBRALIS
G.L. HOFFMAN, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bur. of Sport Fish. &
Wildlife, Keameysville, West Virginia 25430
Situation: Experimental work on M. cerebralis has been ham-
pered by the difficulty in recovering spores free of fish tissue. The
spore was described in Germany in 1904.
Objective: To find a method for the recovery of large num-
bers of spores reasonably free of fish tissue; such material is
needed for research on the disinfection of M. cerebralis. There is
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FISH AND SHELLFISH PATHOLOGY
some question as to the exact identity of what is known as M.
cerebralis from different host fish and different parts of the world.
Careful study and description of the spore from these different
situations should be made to determine if they are truly identical.
Procedure: The soft tissues of infected fish heads will be
digested with pepsin - HC1 solution and the digest strained
through progressively smaller mesh screens to remove detritus.
The hard tissues will be cleaned, washed and the spore 'cysts' dis-
sected from them after which the material will be screened as
above. Fresh spores will be sent to Dr. Lorn who will prepare elec-
tron micrographs of them.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior Bu. Sport Fish.
3.0102, LONGEVITY OF SPORES OF 'MYOXOSOMA
CEREBRALIS' (WHIRLING DISEASE)
G.L. HOFFMAN, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bur. of Sport Fish. &
Wildlife, Kearneysville, West Virginia 25430
Situation: In 1931 Schaperclaus, on circumstantial evidence,
stated that the spores survive a long period of time in ponds. Such
long survival would make control and eradication very difficult.
Objective: To determine how long the spores survive.
Procedure: Ground up trout heads containing the spores will
be placed in 90 gallon fiberglass tanks containing about three
inches of mud and supplied with running water. Rainbow trout fry
will be added at intervals. If infections occur it will be proof that
the spores in the tanks were alive.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
3.0103, IMMUNODIAGNOSIS OF WHIRLING DISEASE
(MYXOSOMA CEREBRALIS)
R.E. PUTZ, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bur. of Sport Fish. & Wil-
dlife, Kearneysville, West Virginia 25430
Objective: At present, whirling disease of salmonids cannot
be detected in asymptomatic carrier fish without sacrificing the
fish. To determine if whirling disease can be diagnosed serologi-
cally a modified indirect fluorescent antibody technique will be
tried using a closely related form, Myxosoma cartilaginis from
Bluegills as well as M. cerebralis from salmonids.
Procedure: Fish globulin will be prepared by fractionating
serum from Myxosoma infected fish using the ammonium sulfate
technique. This globulin will be used as an antigen to immunize
rabbits in order to get rabbit antiscrum against fish globulin.
Fluorescent tagged goat antiserum against rabbil globulin will be
purchased commercially. After completion of the above, Myx-
osoma spores will be reacted with the various antisera to see if the
indirect fluorescent antibody technique can be utilized as a diag-
nostic tool for the detection of whirling disease in asymptomatic
carrier fish.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
3.0104, VERTEBRATE DISEASES - VIRAL DISEASES OF
FRESHWATER FISHES AND OTHER LOWER VER-
TEBRATES EGTVED VIRUS
K.E. WOLF, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bur. of Sport Fish. & Wil-
dlife, Kearneysville, West Virginia 25430
Situation: Egtved virus, a common but poorly characterized
virus, is the cause of the most serious disease of propagated rain-
bow trout in Europe. Thus far Egtved virus is not known in North
America. The U.S. annually imports tons of frozen European
trout for table use. Such fish may be capable of harboring Egtved
virus and of introducing the pathogen into North America.
Objective: The purpose of this work unit is to determine
whether or not Egtved virus in fresh trout carcasses can survive
the handling, freezing, and storage procedures of normal com-
mercial table trout processing. If so, it is proposed to determine
how long such virus can remain infective. Additional charac-
teristic of the virus will be ascertained.
Procedure: In order to prevent accidental introduction of the
virus, fish will not be infected, instead table size rainbow trout will
be anesthetized in the laboratory then perfused with virus, killed,
in part eviscerated — in part left intact, then frozen. At regular in-
tervals, the frozen fish will be examinated virologically. The
balance of the work will be performed with standard virological
procedures.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
3.0105, POSSIBLE BIRD TRANSMISSION OF 'MYX-
OSOMA CEREBRALIS'
R.E. PUTZ, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bur. of Sport Fish. & Wil-
dlife, Leetown, West Virginia
Situation: It is possible that fish-eating birds could feed on in-
fected fish at one establishment and fly to one which is free of the
disease. Spores can be shed in the feces but it is not known if they
are viable.
Objective: To determine if spores passed in the feces offish-
eating birds are viable.
Procedure: Mr. Udell Meyers, Castalia Farms, Castalia, Ohio
will feed infected fish to captive great blue herons. He will collect
the feces and send it to Leetown. We will put the sporebearing
feces in aquaria, allow it to 'age' 4 months and add rainbow trout
fry to see if they will become infected.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
3.0106, MUCUS & FRESHWATER OSMOREGULATION
IN ANADROMOUS FISHES & RELATIONSHIPS TO MOR-
TALITIES IN THE ALEWIFE
G.F. HARTMAN, State Dept. of Nat. Resources, Madison,
Wisconsin 53701
Objectives: 1. To determine seasonal cycles in mucous cell
function in Lake Michigan population of alewives and smelt as re-
lated to ancestoral patterns of anadromous migration. 2. Deter-
mine effects of thermal stress upon mucous cell function. 3.
Determine relationships between changes in the protective mu-
cous coat and osmoregulatory failure (or pathogenic infections)
as a cause of mass mortalities in the alewife.
Justification: Mass mortalities of alewives cause serious and
complex biological and economic problems in Lake Michigan.
Knowledge of the cause of the dieoffs will be of great value to
reesource managers and public health officials in predicting
problems, and to plan their solutions. The alewife dieoffs are
thought to correspond to periods of low mucous secretions.
Knowledge gained will be of value to aid in the solution offish dis-
ease epidemics and possibly in determining tolerable levels of pol-
lutants.
Procedures: Study of external mucous cell numbers and of
plasma and muscle electrolite levels will be followed seasonally.
Effects of temperatures will be studied in the laboratory as will
also be photoperiodism and salinity. Blood samples will be taken
and studied for sodium, potassium and calcium concentrates.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Commerce - N.O.A.A.
3.0107, DIAGNOSIS OF DISEASES IN FISH
D.L. MITCHUM, State Game & Fish Commission, Cheyenne,
Wyoming 82001
Objective: To diagnose, describe and inventory diseases oc-
curring in the fish and wildlife of Wyoming and recommend con-
trol measures where possible.
Procedures: Diseased fish or portions of diseased specimens,
submitted by field personnel, will be examined using standard
methods of veterinary or human medicine to diagnose the condi-
tion. Field collections will be made from wild populations where
necessary, and routine visits will be made to all State fish culture
stations to observe and examine cultured stocks for diseases.
Waters suspected of being unsatisfactorily for fish will be chemi-
cally analyzed, using standard methods.
Clinical signs of disease and pathological conditions will be
described as observed in each case, and a report of findings will
be submitted with recommendations for treatment or control to
the person submitting material, making the request, or to the par-
ticular fish culture station.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
3B. TREATMENT OR CONTROL MEASURES
( Emphasis May Still Be on Epidemiology)
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3.0108, PARASITES OF WARMWATER FISHES AND
THEIR CONTROL
R ALLISON, Auburn University, Agricultural Experiment Sta.,
Auburn, Alabama 36830 (ALA00194)
OBJECTIVE: Determine species, abundance and distribu-
tion of protozoan, helminth and arthropod parasites affecting
warm water fishes. Determine immune response and effect of im-
munity in prevention of epizootics of parasites; develop
chemotherapeutic and immunological methods for controlling
fish parasites.
APPROACH: Parasitic species collected. Variations in
abundance and geographic distribution recorded. Parasitic-free
fish populations subjected to parasitic infections, cured by
chemotherapeutic means and challenged with increased numbers
of test species to test immunity. Efficacy of chemotherapeutic
agents for fish parasite control determined.
PROGRESS: Fish populations containing immunized in-
dividuals were less susceptible than nonimmune populations to
fixed infection levels of Ichthyophthirius. Populations stocked
with 0,25, SO and 75 percent immunized fish had average survival
rates of 0,45.0, 87.5 and 100 percent respectively when infected
at the rate of 10 trophozoites per fish. Previous research indicated
all immune populations survive with no mortality at rates up to
five times the initial rate. Cultures of Scyphidia and Trichophyra
were maintained for brief periods under laboratory conditions.
Scyphidia were maintained for 7 days in pond water enriched with
yeast at 45 F. Cultures of Ichthyophthirius were maintained on
live fish populations through out the year. Trophozoites
recovered from hosts treated with 0.1 ppm Malachite green
sporulate abnormally. After 72 hours exposure to this chemical
no viable tomites were obtained. Toxicity levels of Bayer 9015,
Co-ral, Ruelene, Baygon Tiguvon and Malachite green were
determined for channel catfish fmgerlings. The effect of Co-ral,
Ruelene and Korlan, as a bath, stomach injection and inter-
peritoneal injection, on infection with Ichthyophthirius was deter-
mined.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - C.S.R.S.
3.0109, CONTROL OF MYXOSPORIDIAN PARASITES
W.A, ROGERS, Auburn University, Agricultural Experiment Sta.,
Auburn, Alabama 36830
Objectives: 1. To test and evaluate several food additive
compounds for the control of Henneguya (myxosporidia) in
channel catfish.
Procedures: 1. Several compounds that have proven effective
against coccidial infections of poultry and cattle will be fed to
naturally and experimentally infected channel catfish. 2. Effective
dose levels of promising compounds will be determined.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
3.0110, SPAWNING AND REARING OF MARINE FISH
P. HELFRICH, Univ. of Hawaii, Hawaii Inst. of Marine Biology,
Kaneohe, Hawaii 96744
The temporal distribution of fish eggs in Kaneohe Bay is
being determined from weekly plankton tows. Eggs from these
tows are brought to the laboratory for rearing experiments.
Presently, two marine species ('Caranx mate,' Gnathanodon
speciosus') can be reared through metamorphosis in the laborato-
ry with survival from 50 to 75%. The ecological factors influenc-
ing laboratory survival and growth of these species have been
delineated. A detailed study of the artificial fertilization, growth
rate and efficiency of energy utilization of C. mate' (omaka) lar-
vae is nearly complete. The larvae of the fresh water baitfish
'Dorosoma petenense" (threadfin shad) has also been reared
through metamorphosis in the laboratory and the effect of salinity
on hatching and survival determined. Additional laboratory
research on the laboratory ecology, growth and energy utilization
of larvae of 'G. speciosus' (papio), 'Abudefduf abdominalis'
(Maomao), 'Stolephorus purpureus' (nehu) and 'D. petenense'
(threadfin shad) is underway.
The growth rate of juvenile 'C. mate' to marketable size has
been ascertained (14 months),as well as their feeding efficiency.
Hormone injection experiments are being conducted on this spe-
cies to obtain reproduction and spawning in the laboratory. The
growth rate, feeding and reproduction in captivity are being stu-
FISH AND SHELLFISH PATHOLOGY
died for the following fish also: 'G.speciosus' (papio), 'Paru-
peneus porphyreus' (kumu), 'Polydactylus sexfilis' (mio) and
'Seriola quinquiradiata' (Japanese yellowtail).
Considerable success in the identification and treatment of
bacterial diseases affecting both larval and adult fishes has been
achieved.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Commerce - N.O.A.A.
3.0111, INVESTIGATION OF HANDLING TECHNIQUES
J.S. HUGHES, State Wildlife & Fish Comm., Baton Rouge, Loui-
siana 70804
Objectives: (1) To determine handling techniques for various
sizes of striped bass. (2) To investigate the use of anesthetics and
therapeutic agents while moving striped bass.
Procedures: Striped bass fry will be reared in holding troughs
until they are at least one week old. They will then be placed in
rearing ponds for further growth. The bass will be seined from
these ponds when they reach different inch groups for bioassay
studies. Different types of seining and dipping methods will be
used and conditions of the fish after handling will be noted. Han-
dling methods evaluated will include: (1) the use of MS-222 or
electricity in the seine while the fish are still in the pond; (2) treat-
ing the pond with formaldehyde or salt before seining; (3) the use
of different mesh sizes of seines with knotted or knotless twine;
(4) investigations of dip netting techniques; and (5) the use of an-
tibiotics and anesthetics in the hauling container. Water quality
records will be maintained and their effects on handling success
will be noted.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
3.0112, TOXICITY OF THERAPEUTIC AGENTS TO
STRIPED BASS
J.S. HUGHES, State Wildlife & Fish Comm., Baton Rouge, Loui-
siana 70804
Objectives; (1) To determine the toxicity of anesthetics and
therapeutic agents to various sizes of striped bass.
Procedures: The procedures will follow those outlined in Job
V. Bioassays will be conducted on but not be limited to the fol-
lowing: MS 222, quinaldine, malachite green, formaldehyde,
acriflavine, and potassium permanganate. Fish will be observed
for at least 96 hours and the concentrations where total mortality,
total survival, and fifty percent survival occur will be reported for
each 24 hour period. If parasites are present on striped bass in
hatchery pond, thereapeutic agents will be applied to the pond
and the results noted.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
3.0113, PATHOLOGY - EPIZOOTIOLOGY
C.A. FARLEY, U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Natl. Marine Fisheries
Service, Oxford, Maryland
The pathological, parasitological, epizootiological, and
cytochemical relationships of diseases in oysters are being stu-
died. Receiving greatest attention with regard to the above is the
haplosporidan, Minchinia nelsoni, an oyster parasite associated
with massive oyster mortalities in Delaware and Chesapeake
Bays. With the repeated discovery of definitive life cycle stages,
its life history within the oyster has now been proposed. A system
for determining stages of infection has been developed and is
being utilized for interpretation of epizootiological data. Com-
parative studies are being made of epizootiological patterns in
four populations of oysters in Pocomoke Sound, Maryland.
Methods are being developed for determining DNA-RNA pat-
terns in hosts and parasites and is receiving intensive study. Stu-
dies are also being made of causes of mortality in oysters from the
west coast of the United States, British Columbia, and France and
are being compared with local mortality causes.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Commerce - N.O.A.A.
3.0114, DISEASE-RESISTANT OYSTERS
H.H. HASKIN, Rutgers the State University, Agricultural Experi-
ment Sta., New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903 (NJ00783)
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FISH AND SHELLFISH PATHOLOGY
OBJECTIVE: Verify the relative high resistance of Delaware
Bay oyster stocks to MSX, increase the supply of such oysters,
study and modify current procedures for artificial rearing of
oysters, experimentally transmit MSX in the laboratory and in-
crease the yield of market oysters by the control of predators.
APPROACH: Field experiments will be established to ac-
complish most of the objectives. Disease free oysters will be itn-
pored and planted where necessary, various chemicals will be
tested for the control of shell-fouling and oyster drills. Laboratory
procedures will be established to study artificial rearing of oyster
and to experimentally transmit MSX under controlled conditions
so that the nature of this disease will be more fully known.
PROGRESS: Production of disease-resistant oysters in
Delaware Bay has been continued on several fronts. Eight addi-
tional parent stocks, 4 resistant and 4 susceptible, have been used
in lab-rearing studies to produce progeny for testing of resistance
to 'MSX' (Minchinia nelsoni). One pair of these stocks (Sheep-
scot River, Maine, parents - susceptible; and Old Delaware Bay
Tray Stock parents - resistant) are under intensive study in a con-
trolled exposure experiment. First year mortalities in similar
stocks of the 1967 year class have shown spectacular differences.
For example, in two resistant stocks of the 1967 rearings the
'MSX' kill from March through August, 1968, was 23 and 25%; in
two susceptible stocks in the same period kills were 74 and 75%.
Such studies have firmly established existence of heritable quali-
ties of disease resistance in oyster stocks. The additional con-
trolled exposure studies now underway are our first attempts to
determine if oysters may show increased resistance after an initial
light exposure (acquired immunity). Field studies, establishing
levels of 'MSX' in various stocks of oysters throughout the Bay,
have also been continued with monthly sampling. Of 7 plants
ground which were sampled in November, 1968, 'MSX'-infection
levels in 6 ranged from 50 to 75%. The standout, at 15%, was an
experimental planting of native lower Bay set on the Laboratory
ground. This indicates that, within the Bay, there are still distinct
differences in 'MSX'-resistance in various groups of oysters.
SUPPORTED BY New Jersey State Government - Trenton
3.0115, REPRODUCTION & FUNGAL PARASITES AF-
FECTING REPRODUCTION IN LOBSTER, HUMARUS
AMERICANNA, & BLUE CRAB CALLINECTES SAPIDUS,
IN N.C. WATERS
E.P. RYAN, East Carolina University, School of Arts, Greenville,
North Carolina 27834
The proposed research includes a study of reproductive cy-
cles and diseases affecting reproduction in the blue crab,' Cal-
linectes sapidus' Rathbun, and the New England lobster,'-
Homarus americanus' Milne-Edwards. Breeding season for the
lobster population will be determined by histological examination
of individuals periodically sampled from the population coupled
with periodic plankton sampling of the population areas in North
Carolina waters. Tagged female blue crabs will be reared during
phases of their reproductive cycles. These crabs will then provide
histological material for studies of cyclic changes of the reproduc-
tive system.
Recent fluctuations in the quantity of blue crabs caught in
commercial fishing indicate the possibility of disease affecting
crab reproduction. Because of the frequency with which a fungal
parasite, 'Lagenidium caJlinectes', has been reported on eggs of
the blue crab (Couch, 1942; Rogers-Talbert, 1948; Scott, 1962),
a detailed study of the effect of fungal parasites on the reproduc-
tion of the blue crab and other commercially used crustaceans is
in order.
The primary objective of the proposed study of fungal
parasites is to determine the significance of such parasites on the
relative abundance of blue crabs and to determine how such
parasites can be controlled or eliminated if necessary. Methods of
study will include detailed field studies of crabs during their
reproductive season with subsequent laboratory studies of the
fungi in relation to the crabs.
SUPPORTED BY University of North Carolina
3.0116, RELATIONSHIP OF TEMPERATURE TO DIS-
EASES OF SALMONID FISH
J.L. FRYER, Oregon State University, Graduate School, Corval-
Us, Oregon 97331
This project will have as its chief objective the determination
of the effect of water temperature upon the more important infec-
tious diseases of the salmonid fish native to the Columbia River
system. These will include the protozoal infection caused by
Ceratomyxa shasta, the bacterial infections due to Chondrococ-
cus columnaris, Aeromonas liquefaciens, Aeromonas sal-
monicida, and the virus disease of sockeye salmon. The work will
be done in a research facility where an adequate range of water
temperatures can be provided in experimental tanks. Infections
will be produced by inoculation of the test animals with a pure
culture of the pathogen being studied by the most appropriate
route. The course and extent of disease will be measured by the
incidence of fatal infections during the experimental period, and
perhaps by other criteria if found practical. The effect of tem-
perature on the survival of the various pathogens in vitro in river
water will be determined. The possibility of arresting established
infections by changing water temperature will also be explored.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Environ. Protect. Agency - O.O.W.P.
3.0117, CONTROL OF VIBRIOSIS IN SALMON
J.L. FRYER, Oregon State University, Agricultural Experiment
Sta., Corvallis, Oregon 97331 (ORE00910)
OBJECTIVE: Determine the number of serological types of
pathogenic marine vibriosis occurring in salt water areas on the
Oregon Coast. Develop an oral vaccine which will afford disease
protection for salmonid fish reared in these areas. Determine the
effectiveness of Furanace (P 138) for control of pathogenic
marine vibrios of salmon.
APPROACH: Serological Types: cultures of pathogenic
marine vibriosis will be collected and injected into rabbits for the
production of an immunizing serum. Serum against these various
isolates will then be used to determine the number of serological
types of pathogens present in the environment. Vaccination: vari-
ous types of vaccines against vibriosis will be developed and
tested by injection and incorporation into the diet for oral ad-
ministration. Furanace (P138): this drug will be incorporated in
the ration and in the water to determine the effectiveness for con-
trol of this disease. Various levels will be used to determine the
optimum concentration.
PROGRESS: A vaccine has been prepared against Vibrio an-
guillarium and administered to salmon by means of the oral route.
The results of five experiments currently indicate that as the vac-
cine is administered so that each animal receives 300 micrograms
during a 14-day period, the loss can be reduced from approxi-
mately 95% to approximately 15%. The use of booster feedings
administered after the initial vaccination period does not appear
to enhance the immunization process. It appears necessary that
water temperatures during immunization must be above 50 F.
SUPPORTED BY Oregon State Government - Salem
3.0118, AQUICULTURE, OYSTER HATCHERIES -
RESEARCH
W.J. MCNEIL, Oregon State University, School of Agriculture,
Corvallis, Oregon 97331
Seed from the pilot oyster hatchery will be distributed to
growers on a 12-month basis. Growers will be given an opportuni-
ty to receive on- the-job training in hatchery operations. Studies
on heritability and selective breeding of oysters will be continued,
and increased emphasis will be placed on cryopreservation of
oyster gametes and osmotic regulation in oysters. Use of pesti-
cides to control pests on oyster grounds will be tested. Use of
heated sea water from the steam-electric stations to grow oysters
will be studied.
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SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Commerce - N.O.A.A.
30119, EXPERIMENTAL REARING OF SALMON AND
STEELHEAD IN BRACKISH WATER IMPOUNDMENTS
H.]. RAYNER, Oregon State University, State Game Commis-
sion, Corvallis, Oregon 97331
1. To determine the feasibility of rearing salmon and steel-
head fry to smolts in brackish water impoundments. 2. To deter-
mine optimal stocking intensities, survival rates, mortality cause,
and environmetal control procedures that produce the largest
return of adult fish.
Progress: Fall chinook fry, coho fry and steelhead fingerlings
are introduced into the pond which is usually filled with fresh
water. As the salinity tolerance of the fish increases, seawater
from Alsea Bay is added. The growth rate of the fish at various
stocking densities is closely watched. Differential marking and ad-
justment of the point of release is being used to test the homing
imprint of saltwater-reared smolts. The size of fish released and
the location of release will be tested at the time of return of
marked adults.
Supplemental feeding of spring, fall chinook, coho and
winter steelhead in brackish water is being evaluated. Sulmet, ter-
ramycin(TM- 50), furance (P-1738), and vaccines are being
tested in an effort to control the saltwater fish disease in Vibrio
anquillarum Type C.
SUPPORTED BY Oregon State Government Salem
3.0120, EVALUATION OF STRESS IN FINGERLING SAL-
MON THERAPEUTIC DRUGS AS STRESS FACTORS
J.L. BANKS, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bur. of Sport Fish. & Wil-
dlife, Longview, Washington 98632
Objective: To develop reliable methods for measuring the ef-
fects of stress from therapeutic drug treatments.
Procedure: Two types of drugs, those used for internal medi-
cation and those applied externally, will be studied. Groups of
non-diseased fish will be treated with therapeutic drugs at con-
centrations and exposure periods similar to those commonly used
in hatcheries. Differences between pre-treatment and post-treat-
ment measurements of glycogen reserves, blood cell counts and
sizing, hematocrits, plasma proteins, and other blood components
should indicate which tests, if any, are reliable for measuring the
affects of stress from drugs.
Work Schedule: Detailed information will begin in May,
1967. Those hematological and chemical tests which will measure
stress from therapeutic drugs should be determined by the
summer of 1969.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior Bu. Sport Fish.
3.0121, IN VIVO CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC STUDIES ON
FISH PATHOGENIC BACTERIA
D.F. AMEND, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bur. of Sport Fish. &
Wildlife, Seattle, Washington 98115
Fish infected by natural or artificial methods with virulent
bacteria will be treated with chemotherapeutic agents which show
promise of practical usage from previous in vitro and toxicity stu-
dies.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
3.0122, ORAL IMMUNIZATION OF HATCHERY-
REARED SALMONIDS - FURUNCULOSIS IN COHO SAL-
MON
A.J. ROSS, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bur. of Sport Fish. & Wil-
dlife, Seattle, Washington 98115
Furunculosis in juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus
kisutch) has been a problem for years in Federal and State
hatcheries in the Pacific Northwest. This study is designed to
make an antigenic preparation of the etiologic agent, Aeromonas
saJrnoncida, and to feed it in the regular diet to fingerling coho
salmon - first in the laboratory and then in the production
hatchery.
The rate and route of uptake of the antigen as well as its ef-
fective dosage, immunogenic properties, toxicity, and retention
FISH AND SHELLFISH PATHOLOGY
time in fish will be determined using various immunological
methods. Following this, USDA and FDA clearance will be ap-
plied for prior to its release for general use in production hatche-
ries.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
3.0123, CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC STUDIES ON FISH
PATHOGENIC BACTERIA
A.J. ROSS, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bur. of Sport Fish. & Wil-
dlife, Seattle, Washington 98115
In order to control many bacterial epizootics in hatcheries it
often becomes necessary to treat with antibiotics or drugs. As new
compounds are being produced frequently.it is desirable to screen
them in an effort to select those which may be more efficacious
than those in current use.
Standard techniques will be used to test compounds in vitro.
Those showing promise will be tested in vivo.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
3.0124, BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES IN FISH DISEASES -
THE STRESS OF FORMALIN TREATMENTS IN SALMONID
FISHES
G. WEDEMEYER, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bur. of Sport Fish.
& Wildlife, Seattle, Washington 98115
Formalin is a very useful chemical for controlling the exter-
nal parasites of hatchery reared fish. Mortalities sometimes result
from its use.
In previous work with a resistant (coho salmon) and a
susceptible (rainbow trout) salmonid, the physiological and
biochemical changes during formalin treatments which result in
death or survival were investigated.
These findings, centering around blood gas and acid-base
balance, will be extended to two more salmonids - the eastern
brook trout and the steelhead trout.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior Bu. Sport Fish.
3.0125, EFFICACY OF A POTENTIATED SULFONAMIDE
AGAINST FURUNCULOSIS INFECTIONS IN JUVENILE
RAINBOW TROUT AND COHO SALMON
G. WEDEMEYER, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bur. of Sport Fish.
& Wildlife, Seattle, Washington 98115
Sulfa drugs containing folic acid inhibitors have proven ef-
fective against turkey coccidiosis, fowl cholera and infectious
coryza. A new potentiated sulfonamide, RO 5-0013, will be tested
for efficacy against 'Aeromonas salmonicida' (furunculosis) in-
fections of juvenile rainbow trout and coho salmon. The work will
be done in co-operation with Hoffmann-La Roche who are
furnishing the experimental drug.
Toxicity of this compound will be evaluated using standard
clinical chemistry tests of liver, kidney and gill function.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
3.0126, AQUATIC MYXOBACTERIA, CHONDROCOCCUS
COLUMNARIS AND OTHER FISH PATHOGENS
EJ. ORDAL, Univ. of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle,
Washington 98105 (AT(45-1 J2225.010)
The objectives are the investigation of bacteria pathogenic to
fishes and on the effects of water temperature on diseases of sal-
mon and trout due to these bacteria. The impact of columnaris
disease is markedly increased by higher water temperatures but
whether mutations to increased virulence occur needs to be
determined. The effect of water temperature on myxobacteria
isolated from salmon suffering from Ulcerative Dermal Necrosis,
as well as on certain other myxobacteria isolated from fish at low
water temperatures, will be investigated.
Major emphasis will be given to the investigation of marine
vibrios isolated from waters of the Pacific Northwest. These will
be compared with a group of marine vibrios from Japan including
strains causing human disease which resemble some strains found
in the Pacific Northwest. Major effort will be given to the effect of
water temperatures on vibrio infections in salmon and trout.
1-139
465-868 O - 72 - 10
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FISH AND SHELLFISH PATHOLOGY
These will eventually be extended to study the effect of warm sea
water in aquaculture.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Atomic Energy Commission
3.0127, CHEMOTHERAPY OF FISH DISEASES
R.L. HERMAN, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bur. of Sport Fish. &
Wildlife, Kearneysville, West Virginia 25430
Object: Evaluate sulfisoxazole, sulfadimethoxine, and a
potentiated compound of sulfadimethoxine (RO-5) for toxicity
and efficacy.
Procedure: Artifically infect trout with fish pathogenic bac-
teria, susceptible to the drug and determine the effective dose.
Feed multiple levels of the drugs to determine toxic side effects.
A cooperative project with Hoffman - LaRoche.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
3.0128, PARASITES AND PARASITIC DISEASES OF
FISHES - STUDY OF NEW METHODS FOR CONTROL OF
1CHTHYOPHT
G.L. HOFFMAN, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bur. of Sport Fish. &
Wildlife, Kearneysville, West Virginia 25430
Objective: This is a modified continuation of Work Unit 8
and is re-activated under a new number because of the availability
of new chemicals and the continued importance oflch disease.
Procedure: New chemicals will be tested against the free-liv-
ing stages of 'Ichthyophthirius'.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
3.0129, CONTROL OF MYXOSOMA CEREBRALIS AND
OTHER CARTILAGINOUS MYXOSPORIDA FILTRATION
AND ULTRAVIOLET IRRADIATION
G.L. HOFFMAN, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bur. of Sport Fish. &
Wildlife, Kearneysville, West Virginia 25430
Situation: Better means of control of whirling disease (Myx-
osoma cerebralis) are needed.
Objective: To test ultraviolet irradiation and chemical disin-
fectants for the control of whirling disease (WD).
Procedure: I. It has been shown that water from tanks con-
taining soil, and contaminated with spores of M. cerebralis, is
capable of transmitting this parasite to healthy trout. Therefore
the decontaminating effect of measured exposure of such water to
U.V. radiation will be determined. Dosage of 112,500
microwatts/sec/cm2 (MWS) has been found effective; 40,000
MWS, perhaps less, will be tried soon. II. Tanks containing infec-
tive material in a manner simulating conditions existing in con-
taminated ponds will be treated by selected chemicals in order to
determine at first qualitatively, and later quantitatively, their dis-
infecting effectiveness. III. Test fish will be placed in as many
selected locations as possible to attempt to determine the source
of the WD contamination. If possible, contaminated water at the
Lahontan NFH, Gardnersville, Nevada, will be treated with
30,000, 60,000, and 90,000 MWS U.V. light to determine the
minimum lethal dosage.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
3.0130, EFFECT OF DISINFECTING AGENTS ON M.
CEREBRALIS
G.L. HOFFMAN, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bur. of Sport Fish. &
Wildlife, Leetown, West Virginia
Situation: There is great need for better disinfection methods
for whirling disease.
Objective: To find better disinfecting methods.
Procedure: Simulated pond aquaria will be seeded with
spores of Myxosoma cerebralis. After aging 4 months, the 'ponds'
will be treated with test disinfectants. After treatment, test fish
will be placed in the aquaria to see if the spores have been killed.
Preliminary work will include exposing the spores to various
chemicals and observing them microscopically for visible
damage.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
3.0131, TRANSMISSION OF MICROSPORIDA
R.E. PUTZ, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bur. of Sport Fish. & Wil-
dlife, Leetown, West Virginia
Situation: Transmission of fish Microsporida has never been
demonstrated. Microsporida have been involved in fish epizootics
under natural and hatchery conditions.
Objective: To demonstrate transmission offish Microsporida
so that experiments on prevention and control can be conducted
on a rational basis.
Procedure: To take viable spores of fish Microsporida, treat
them by physical and biological means, and inject them into
susceptible fish.
Take viable spores of fish Microsporida and seed aquaria to
simulate natural conditions under which transmission takes place.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
3.0132, TRANSMISSION OF MYXOSOMA CEREBRALIS
AND OTHER CARTILAGINOUS MYXOSPORIDA
R.E. PUTZ, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bur. of Sport Fish. & Wil-
dlife, Leetown, West Virginia
Situation: The transmission of Myxosoma cerebralis, or any
other fish Myxosporida has not been experimentally demon-
strated.
Objective: To elucidate the life cycle of M. cerebralis and
other fish Myxosporida which attack cartilage. This will open a
rational approach to the development of control methods.
Procedure: I. Determine the invertebrate fauna of Myxosoma
contaminated aquaria. Take these invertebrates and place in an
aquaria with susceptible fish. Transfer fomites from Myxosoma
contaminated aquaria to aquaria with susceptible fish. II. Use
various porosity membrane filters to determine size range of the
infective units other than spores. III. Set up aquaria with soil,
running spring water and seed with Myxosoma spores to simulate
natural conditions of transmission.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
3.0133, THE TOXICITY AND DRUG RESIDUE LEVEL OF
CHLORAMPHENICOL IN TREATED RAINBOW TROUT
D.L. M1TCHUM, State Game & Fish Commission, Cheyenne,
Wyoming 82001
Objective: Determine the toxicity of Chloramphenicol
(Chloromycetin) to rainbow, cutthroat, brook and brown trout,
and determine the residue level and residual period of this drug in
the blood and tissues of these trout, in order to obtain U.S. Food
and Drug Administration approval to use Chloramphenicol in
control offish diseases.
Procedures: Develop a suitable test to assay
Chloramphenicol in fish tissues.
Determine the toxicity of Chloramphenicol to rainbow trout,
and determine the residue level and residual period of this drug in
the blood and tissues of rainbow trout, in order to obtain FDA ap-
proval to use Chloramphenicol in control offish diseases.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
3.0134, DIAGNOSIS OF DISEASES IN WILDLIFE
E.T. THORNE, State Game & Fish Commission, Cheyenne,
Wyoming 82001
Objective: To diagnose, describe and inventory diseases oc-
curring in the fish and wildlife of Wyoming and recommend con-
trol measures where possible.
Procedures: Diseased wildlife or portions of diseased
specimens, submitted by field personnel, will be examined using
standard methods of veterinary or human medicine to diagnose
the condition. Field collections will be made from wildlife popula-
tions where necessary.
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FISH AND SHELLFISH PATHOLOGY
bmitting the material or making the request.
be submitted with recommendations for treatment or control to SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
Clinical signs of disease and pathological conditions will be the person submitting the material or making the request.
described as observed in each case, and a report of findings will
1-141
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DESCRIPTION OF RESEARCH TASKS
4. AQUATIC PEST ECOSYSTEMS
( Phenology, Life History, Habitat, Distribution and Classification)
4A. AQUATIC ALGAE AND AQUATIC VASCULAR PLANTS
4.0001, INTERACTIONS BETWEEN AQUATIC PLANTS
AND SEWAGE EFFLUENT
D.E. DAVIS, Aubum University, School of Agriculture, Auburn,
Alabama 36830
Five aquatic weed species; alligator weed (Alternanthera
philoxerides (Man.) Griseb), water hyacinth (Eichornia crassipes
(Mart.) Solms), egeria (Egeria densa Planch), slender naiad
(Najas flexilis (Willd) Rostk and Schmidt), and curly pondweed
(Pontamogeton crispus L.) will be grown in 100% well water and
in 75% well water and 25% sewage effluent. Experiments will be
conducted in pools out-of- doors and in plastic pans in a growth
chamber. The following determinations will be made: (1) effect
of sewage effluent on the growth of the aquatic weeds and
phytoplankton, (2) effect of the growth of aquatic weeds on the
removal of nitrogen and phosphorus from the water and on the
growth of phytoplankton, and (3) the amounts of protein, total
nitrogen and phosphorous present in the different aquatic weed
species grown in different sewage concentrations.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior O. Wtr. Res. Rch.
4.0002, RESEARCH IN LIMNOLOGY - INTERRELA-
TIONS OF HYDROLOGY AND AQUATIC ECOLOGY
K.V. SLACK, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey, Menlo
Park, California 94025
Biological processes are among the major controls on the
quality of natural waters. Organic control on solute concentration
occurs in two ways: substances enter or leave solution either as
the results of changed physico-chemical conditions in the water,
or as the results of physiological processes within living cells or at
their boundaries.
The work is divisible into three related phases:
Phase 1. Stream Limnology, a. The effect of stream-bed
algae on water quality will be studied in flowing-water cultures
(laboratory streams) in which temperature, light intensity, flow
rate, water composition and algae species can be controlled. The
first problem being studied is the uptake and release of combined
inorganic nitrogen by mixed populations of stream algae, b. In-
vestigation of the physical, chemical and biological properties of
different types of natural streams will continue. The emphasis will
be on the interrelations of the biota and water quality.
Phase 2. Lake and reservoir limnology, a. Effects of reservoir
destratification. The hydrologic effects of destratification will be
studied experimentally by isolating portions of a stratified reser-
voir in polyethylene cylinders extending from the water surface to
the bottom, b. Environmental controls on phytoplankton popula-
tions. This will combine the results of field investigation with con-
trolled laboratory studies of static and flowing cultures of
nuisance species of algae.
Phase 3. Ecological role of natural organic compounds in
water. The particular emphasis will be on the identification of or-
ganic compounds which influence biological activity in natural
waters.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Geological Survey
4.0003, FIELD INVESTIGATION OF THE SUBMERSED
AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT
ME. OTTO, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation,
Denver, Colorado 80225
Study of the ecological relationships of plants and animals in
canal environments are necessary to gain understanding of
biological problems existing in these areas. Knowledge of en-
vironmental factors and interactions are essential to future im-
provement of aquatic weed and animal problems existing in ir-
rigation distribution systems. Data have been collected from ir-
rigation canals in three different geographical areas concerning
the physical, chemical, and general biological aspects. Samples of
soil, water, and biological materials are being collected for chemi-
cal and physical analyses in both weed-free and heavily infested
canal sites. Observations are being made of all physical, chemical,
and biological factors suspected as being important in the en-
vironment. Data obtained to date indicate that rooted submersed
aquatic weeds are adapted to a wide range of environmental con-
ditions. Present emphasis on this phase of the aquatic pest in-
vestigations program is associated with more detailed study of the
nutrient requirement of submersed aquatic weeds, including fila-
mentous green algae and bluegreen algae. Preliminary results of
nutrient studies suggest that carbon availability can be more
restrictive to aquatic weed growth than inorganic element availa-
bility.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Reclamation
4.0004, THE EFFECT OF POLLUTION ON THE DIS-
TRIBUTION OF LPP PHYCO-VIRUSES IN RELATION TO
POLLUTION OF THE CHRISTINA RIVER
M.S. SHANE, Univ. of Delaware, School of Arts, Newark,
Delaware 19711
The ecology of LPP phyco-viruses will be studied in relation-
ship to pollution in the Christina River. Samples of water from
designated stations in the river will be examined for the presences
of LPP phyco- viruses and also the host genera of algae. Water
quality studies will be performed on the same samples used for
biological studies. Parameters like biochemical oxygen demand,
dissolved oxygen, total nitrogen of phosphorus, pH, alkalinity,
and hardness will be determined.
An attempt will be made to study the mechanisms involved in
population control of host algae in relationship to the virus.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - O. Wtr. Res. Rch.
4.0005, TOXIC SUBSTANCES AND CHEMICAL COM-
POSITION OF HYACINTHS AND OTHER WATER PLANTS
R.L. SHIRLEY, Univ. of Florida, Agricultural Experiment Sta.,
Gainesville, Florida 32601 (FLA-AL-01460)
OBJECTIVE: Determine the concentration of toxicants i.e.
nitrate, cyanide, dicoumarins and oxalates, as well as nitrogen and
mineral content of hyacinths and other water plants.
APPROACH: Hyacinths will be collected from water con-
taining varying levels of nitrogen as reported by the U.S. Geol.
Survey. They will be collected by approximately monthly inter-
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4. AQUATIC PEST ECOSYSTEMS
vals throughout the year. Bivans' Arm lake is relatively high and
Santa Fe lake is low in nitrogen content among Florida lakes. It is
planned the first year to obtain samples from Bivans' Arm, Sante
Fe, and Apopka lakes and the Kissimmee and St. John's rivers.
Degree of flowering, height above water line, pH, temperature
and mineral content of water will be used as related factors to
concentration of toxicants that occur in the plants. Young female
mice will be fed diets containing 50% dry hyacinth and elodea
through gestation and lactation periods to determine if toxicity
problems exist.
PROGRESS: Hyacinths from three lakes in Florida (Santa
Fe, Bivens Arm, Apopka) and two rivers (Kissimmee, St. Johns)
were removed monthly starting in March 1969, and analyzed for a
number of forage toxicants to livestock and for proximate
analyses composition. Nitrate was highest during March with a
range from 0.1 to 0.3%; April through June values were less than
0.1%. Cyanide was highest in March with values ranging from ap-
prox. 190 to 380 mg. per Ib. dry weight; while corresponding
values in April through October were about half this amount. Ox-
alate during March through June had values ranging in all samples
from approximately 0.2 to 0.7% with a tendency to be lower in
June. Dicoumarin ranged from approx. 10 to 45 mg. per Ib. dry
weight during March through August. In September higher values
occurred in the range of 80 to 140 mg. per Ib. dry weight except
from the St. John's river which was the same as previously.
Xanthophyll ranged from approx. 150 to 250 mg. per Ib. in Apop-
ka Lake during March, April and May; and corresponding values
in the other two lakes and two rivers ranged from 40 to 115 mg.
per Ib. Carotene ranged from 30 to 35 mg. per Ib. dry weight for
Lake Apopka in March and May; and corresponding values for
the other lakes and two rivers varied from approx. 8 to 21 mg.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - C.S.R.S.
4.0006, RELATIVE LEACHING RATES OF COMMON
NITROGEN CARRIERS FROM SANDY SOILS IN RELA-
TION TO LAKE EUTROPHICATION
D.E. SMITH, Rollins College, Undergraduate School, Winter
Park, Florida 32789
Objective: Field and laboratory studies will be aimed at
determining the relative leaching rates of various nitrogen car-
riers from sandy soils surrounding the Winter Park, Florida chain
of lakes. Its purpose is to evaluate the relationship of lawn fer-
tilization to nitrogen enrichment of lakewater.
Approach: The project will have three aspects: (I) Analysis
of storm drain effluent for total available nitrogen; (2) Laborato-
ry determination of nitrogen losses from sterilized soil columns;
(3) Tabulation of amounts, frequency of application and types of
fertilizers used by lakefront and proximate landowners. Results of
the investigation are expected to increase our understanding of
the causes of acute weed problems in Central Florida lakes.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - O. Wtr. Res. Rch.
4.0007, ATMOSPHERIC CONSTITUENTS OF THE TER-
RESTRIAL-TYPE PLANETS
L.C. MARSHALL, Southern Illinois University, Graduate School,
Carbondale, Illinois 62901
The purpose of this work is to investigate the formation of
constituents that comprise the atmosphere of terrestrial planets
such as Earth, Mars, and Venus. This is a continuation of work
that began under the direction of Drs. Lloyd Berkner and
Lauriston Marshall. The continuing research will include the fol-
lowing areas: (1) further study of 02 stability in the earth's at-
mosphere using an E2 Oxygen Analyzer and the differential
photometric technique; (2) measurements of atmospheric con-
stituents using remote sensing methods such as lasers; (3) studies
of the effect of oxygen deprivation on several pure strains of blue-
green algae; (4) the effect of pollutants and pesticides on blue-
green algae and other oxygen producing organisms; (5) the effect
of high magnetic fields on blue-green algae and the chemicals that
are important to their composition and functions; (6) studies of
crystalline materials and molecular structures of biological
systems at the molecular level; and (7) studies of the mechanisms
of cyclic and noncyclic photosynthetic photophosphorylation.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. National Science Foundation
4.0008, EUTROPHICATION OF IOWA LAKES AND
STREAMS A . ,
R.W. BACHMANN, Iowa State University, Agricultural Experi-
ment Sta., Ames, Iowa 50010 (IOW01779)
OBJECTIVE: Determine the critical nutrients responsible
for eutrophication in Iowa waters.
APPROACH: Carbon-14 algal bioassays will be run on
selected natural waters to determine which nutrients are critical
to algal production. Quantitative chemical studies will be made of
these critical elements to determine their sources and cycles
within the water body in question. A search will be made for
means to disrupt the cycles of critical elements.
PROGRESS: Major efforts have been expended in setting up
the laboratory facilities to carry out the carbon-14 nutrient bioas-
says. A constant temperature, illuminated incubator has been
constructed with provision for magnetic stirring of the experimen-
tal cultures. Bioassays of water samples from the Des Moines
River will begin during the coming year. A sampling program was
initiated on 17 streams and 7 lakes in the central Iowa region.
Analyses are being made of plant nutrients and algal populations
for the purpose of providing baseline information of the state of
eutrophication of these waters.
SUPPORTED BY Iowa State Government - Des Moines
4.0009, OCCURRENCE OF FILAMENTOUS SLIMES OR-
GANISMS BELOW OUTFALLS
J.D. PHAUP, State Water Pollution Control, Frankfort, Kentucky
Description: The primary objective of this research is to
study the occurrence of filamentous slime organisms in streams
and to determine the mechanisms responsible for such occur-
rences. While special emphasis will be placed on nuisance
growths of the filamentous bacterium, Sphaerotilus natans, all
filamentous growth below outfalls will be investigated, including
algal blooms. The amount and character of slime growth will be
determined and the type of discharge stimulating such growth will
be characterized. Chemical and physical characteristics of ef-
fluents and receiving streams will be defined in an effort to deter-
mine why these organisms appear in bloom proportions in some
streams and not in other similar streams. The floe community will
be identified and compared to previously noted associations.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Environ. Protect. Agency - O.O.W.P.
4.0010, LIFE CYCLES OF ROTTBELLIA EXALTATA
AND AMPHIBROMUS SCABRTVALVIS AND DEVELOP-
MENT OF CONTROL MEASURES
J.B. BAKER, Louisiana State University, Agricultural Experiment
Sta., Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803 (LAB01089)
OBJECTIVE: Study the life cycles of the two grasses men-
tioned with special attention to dormancy, germination, growth,
seed production and longevity, and production of vegetative
reproductive structures. Develop culture or chemical means of
control and to correlate the information obtained from objective
1 with response to these cultural or chemical control measures.
APPROACH: Samples of seed, vegetative reproductive
structures, and entire plans will be collected. Plants will be
established in the greenhouse for observation and study. Dorman-
cy, longevity and germination studies will be conducted in the
laboratory and greenhouse. Greenhouse preliminary studies on
the response of these grasses to herbicides will be conducted.
PROGRESS: Further research into the germination charac-
teristics of the aquatic weed, Heteranthera limosa, has deter-
mined that the seed requires light and anaerobic conditions for
germination. Treatment with cold does not affect germination but
cold storage prolongs high germination percentages. The light
requirement is a red/far red response and is not photoperiodic.
The anaerobic requirement is specific for the removal of O(2)
from the environment. Flushing with N(2), H(2), Ne, Ar, or
CO(2) will facilitate germination. On oxygen tension above 1% or
7.6 mm Hg completely inhibits germination. The process of ger-
1-144
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mination centers in the breakdown of intercellular material of
certain cells in the seed coat and the elongation of the chalozal
end of the embryo to force open the weakened seed coat wall.
The elongation of the embryo is facilitated by the absorption of
water by protein aleurone grains and the release of osmotically
active material from the dissolving grains.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - C.S.R.S.
40011, AN INVESTIGATION OF THE CAUSES, EF-
FECTS, AND CONTROL OF EUTROPHICATION IN MAINE
LAKES
M W. HALL, Univ. of Maine, School of Technology, Orono,
Maine 04473
This study provides field and laboratory data relative to
several parameters thought to be important in the control of lake
aging, soils, nitrogen and phosphorus concentration, alkalinity,
temperature, pH, water clarity, lake morphology, etc.
The field data obtained is being used to determine: (1) The
nutrient levels responsible for nuisance algal conditions in
selected Maine lakes. (2) The effect of other selected parameters
on critical nutrient levels. (3) The rate of change in nutrient levels
in several Maine lakes, and the causes of this change. (4) The ef-
fects of the removal of major sources of nutrients on algal condi-
tions in the lakes' waters. (5) The effect on the progress of algal
development caused by biological treatment of wastewaters
which eventually enter lakes.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - O. Wtr. Res. Rch.
4.0012, BIOLOGIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL
OF EURASIAN MILFOIL (MYRIOPHYLLUM SPICATUM L.)
IN CHESAPEAKE BAY
J.H. MANNING, State Dept. of Ches. Bay Afrs., Annapolis, Mary-
land 21404
Objectives: (1) To determine the abundance and distribution
of Eurasian milfoil and other rooted aquatic plants in Middle
River, Back River, Rhode River and adjacent creeks in Ches-
apeake Bay; (2) To analyse environmental conditions in these
rivers, and to study factors now excluding milfoil from Back
River; (3) To begin the study of milfoil disease and pathology.
Procedures: Distribution and abundance surveys will be done
at regular intervals throughout the year; environmental analyses
will involve routine measurements of temperature, salinity, pH,
light penetration, plankton conditions, nutrient supplies, and
trace elements, and other relevant parameters; studies of milfoil
pathology will involve histology, pathogen culture, and laboratory
transmission studies.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Commerce - N.O.A.A.
4.0013, ANATOMICAL, PHYSIOLOGICAL AND
ECOLOGICAL STUDIES ON MYRIOPHYLLUM SPICATTU
R.D. RAPPLEYE, Univ. of Maryland, Agricultural Experiment
Sta., College Park, Maryland (MD-F-019)
OBJECTIVE: Study the gross morphology, anatomy and
mineral composition under different salinities and determine
seasonal changes, determine the photoperiodic requirement for
the induction of flowering and the modifying influence of salinity
thereon, determine the growth rate under various light intensities,
salinities, and temperature. Study its mode of asexual reproduc-
tion. Determine the extent to which the species has invaded fresh-
water ponds and water impoundments of the state.
APPROACH: Periodic collections at intervals of two to four
weeks will be made over a period of one year, the material either
sectioned or analyzed chemically for major elements. Studies will
be carried out in the laboratory under various light, temperature
and conditions of known salinity in growth chambers. Will be
concerned primarily with how small a piece of stem is required for
regeneration, whether a node must be present of not and how
much wave action is required to break up the plant using wage
tanks of Army Engineers.
PROGRESS: The final phase of this project, an anatomical
description of the plant and how it is altered by saline waters has
been completed.
4. AQUATIC PEST ECOSYSTEMS
SUPPORTED BY Maryland State Government
4.0014, THE ECOLOGY OF SELECTED SUBMERSED
AQUATIC WEEDS
R.M. DEVLIN, Univ. of Massachusetts, Agricultural Experiment
Sta., Amherst, Massachusetts 01002 (MAS00266)
OBJECTIVE: Study the growth and development of
Myriophyllum, Potamogeton, and Elodea in axenic or algae-free
cultures. Relate the results obtained to the distribution, manage-
ment and control of the genera.
APPROACH: Chemical variables (solids, pH and dissolved
gases), physical variables (light and temperature), and biological
variables (competition and stimulation) will be determined, mea-
sured and evaluated.
PROGRESS: Growth of the aquatic weed Potamogeton
nodosus in complete and various mineral-deficient media under
continuous light (800-foot candles) and constant pH (6.0) condi-
tions was observed. Temperature was also kept constant (22 1C)
and all plants were subjected to a photoperiodic cycle of 16 hours
light and 8 hours dark. Algal growth was controlled with periodic
additions of 1 ppm CuSO(4) to the growth medium. Growth in
the absence of Ca coupled with absence of either P, Mg, or S was
observed. In all cases Ca deficiency symptoms were so obvious,
and appeared so soon, that influences caused by the absence of P,
Mg, or S could not be observed. For the first five days P. nodosus,
growing in the absence of the above-mentioned combinations of
elements, appeared quite normal. On the sixth day black dots ap-
peared on the leaves of plants growing in the absence of both Ca
and P, and by the seventh day the leaves of all plants lacking Ca
possessed these necrotic spots. By the eighth day necrotic areas
had enlarged considerably and also appeared quite noticeably on
the stems, plants lacking both Ca and P being most obvious in this
respect. Ten days after being placed in the various growth media
all plants with the exception of the controls were completely
black or dark brown in color and apparently dead. It appears from
this study and last year's study with Myriophllum spicatum that
Ca is a very important element in the growth of aquatic weeds-
perhaps as important as N.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - C.S.R.S.
4.0015, NUTRIENT CONTROL PROJECT - DETROIT
LAKES, MINNESOTA
W.C. LARSON, Detroit Lakes Engin. Dept., Detroit Lakes, Min-
nesota
Disposal of nutrients from municipal, private, domestic, and
agricultural wastes in the Detroit Lakes, Minnesota area poses a
serious problem owing to the high groundwater table, very perme-
able gravel aquifer, and wide interception routes of groundwater
underflow. Several lakes in the chain of lakes in this area very im-
portant to the recreational needs of the community and valuable
to the tourist industry have experienced catastrophic aquatic
weed and algal growths in recent years as a result of nutrient en-
richment. These lakes are interconnected by the Pelican River or
its tributaries and are situated down gradient (to the southwest of
Detroit Lakes, Minnesota). Since sources of nutrients are widely
scattered it would not be economically feasible to intercept all
waste outfalls with a central distribution system and provide sub-
sequent treatment. It is proposed that nutrients in this sewage
disposal system be intercepted or diminished in two different
ways: 1) by dispersing the effluent from secondary treatment
facilities on peat land and 2) by harvesting aquatic vegetation
which contains nutrients. It is intended that by manipulation of
natural environmental processes the rate of eutrophication will be
arrested at minimal expense.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - F. Wtr. Qua. Adm.
4.0016, PHYTOPLANKTON NUTRITION AND
PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN EUTRpPfflC LAKES
R.O. MEGARD, Univ. of Minnesota, School of Biological
Sciences, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
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4. AQUATIC PEST ECOSYSTEMS
The objective of this project is to analyse the nutritional
requirements and the photosynthetic system of the phytoplankton
in four Minnesota Lakes that receive nutrients from different
sources and produce dense populations of nuisance algae. Algal
nutrition, photosynthesis, and population densities will be studied
before and after the nutrient influx to one lake is reduced,
whereas nutrient- abatement programs for the others are either
being discussed or they are in various stages of implementation.
Analyses of algal nutrition, photosynthesis, and population densi-
ties that were begun during a regional limnological survey will be
continued, but the emphasis will be somewhat different at each
lake.
The research will monitor the effects of stopping the flow of
sewage in the productivity of Lake Minnetonka. Advanced
sewage treatment as a lake-management procedure and its effec-
tiveness compared to sewage diversion will be evaluated in
Shagawa Lake studies. The effectiveness of diverting sewage ef-
fluent from Sallie Lake and using the effluent for spray irrigation
will be appraised. The results of the research project should assist
the State in solving its lake pollution problems.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - O. Wtr. Res. Rch.
4.0017, LAKE SUPERIOR PERIPHYTON IN RELATION
TO WATER QUALITY
T.A. OLSON, Univ. of Minnesota, School of Public Health, Min-
neapolis, Minnesota 55455
Description: The overall objective of the study has been to
evaluate the nature and extent of periphyton growth in Lake Su-
perior. Although the study has been aimed primarily at the
delineation of a base-line which can be used as a reference in fu-
ture years to measure any tendency toward eutrophication, other
basic aspects have been studied, (a) The extent of the periphyton
growth in selected areas of Lake Superior, (b) The make-up of
the periphyton mass in terms of its plant and animal components.
(c) The possible interrelationships existing between the
periphyton and plankton, (d) The productivity potential of the
periphyton in relation to the typical productivity of water in the
open lake, (e) The importance of changing seasons on the charac-
teristics of the periphyton. (f) The principal chages which will
take place in the periphyton when polluting materials are in-
troduced into the lake, (g) The speed and the phases of growth
demonstrated by periphyton in reestablishing itself on an artifi-
cially denuded area. Of these, all have been accomplished except
(c) and (f). Therefore, for the continuation period the study will
be directed toward these two objectives.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Environ. Protect. Agency O.O.W.P.
4.0018, A STUDY OF ALGAL POPULATIONS AS-
SOCIATED WITH DIFFERENT LEVELS OF WATER
QUALITY IN NEW HAMPSHIRE
A.C. MATHIESON, Univ. of New Hampshire, Graduate School,
Durham, New Hampshire 03824
In the present investigation the species composition,
periodicity and abundance of algal populations from three areas
(Newfound Lake, Winnisquam Lake and New Hampton Sta-
bilization Pond and Lake Winnepesaukee differing with respect
to water quality, will be compared in order to assist in the predic-
tion, prevention, and control of algal blooms in New Hampshire
water supplies. These three areas show a marked difference with
respect to pollution, i.e., Newfound Lake has no pollution, Win-
nisquam Lake is moderately polluted and New Hampton Sta-
bilization Pond is an oxidation pond, or sewage lagoon, which is
extremely polluted. A comparative study of this nature will assist
in the maintenance of a high quality water supply.
Weekly samples will be taken at New Hampton Stabilization
Pond, while collections will be made on alternate weeks at Win-
nisquam and Newfound Lakes. Samples from New Hampton Sta-
bilization Pond will be primarily restricted to phytoplankton and
floating mats of algae, while those from Newfound and Win-
nisquam lakes will include the attached bottom forms and the
epiphytic types as well. The types, abundance, and occurrence of
algae at all three areas will be enumerated throughout the year.
Various techniques will be employed - Sedgwick-Rafter slide
technique as outlined by Palmer (1959), a modificaton of the
Hess Method for floating vegetation, collection of host plants and
epiphytes, bottom sampling by dredging. Statistical differences
will be determined between the various populations and areas stu-
died. Routine culturing of several of the algae will be an integral
part of this study - for identification of species and determination
of nutrient requirements.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - O. Wtr. Res. Rch.
40019 RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN WATER QUALITY
AND PLANT GROWTH IN PONDS
D.N. RIEMER, Rutgers the State University, School of Agricul-
ture, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903
The proposed research plant involves controlled, replicated,
field experiments in a series of twelve, one-tenth acre artificial,
earth bottom ponds to determine the effects of various water
quality parameters on the growth of aquatic plants, including al-
gae. The research will be conducted by initially manipulating
nitrogen and phosphorus levels in the water and measuring
vegetative growth along with other parameters of water quality.
Treatments in succeeding years will be dependent partially on the
first years results and will involve different levels of organic car-
bon in addition to nitrogen and phosphorus manipulation.
The results of this research will aid in understanding the
process of eutrophication and will delineate those factors most
important in causing eutrophic conditions in ponds and lakes.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - O. Wtr. Res. Rch.
4.0020, THE ECOLOGY OF SELECTED SUBMERSED
AQUATIC WEEDS
D.N. RIEMER, Rutgers the State University, Agricultural Experi-
ment Sta., New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903 (NJ00149)
OBJECTIVE: Study the growth and development of
Myriophyllum, Potamogeton, and Elodea in axenic or algae - free
cultures as affected by: Chemical variables, physical variables and
biological variables and relate the results obtained to the distribu-
tion, management and control of the above mentioned genera.
APPROACH: Plants will be grown in plastic lined stock
watering tanks with either filamentous algae or planktonic algae
or in tanks kept free. Growth will be measured and observations
made on root development, tuber development, flowering, etc.
Laboratory test will be conducted on plants grown in various
nutrient solutions to determine the effects of varying levels of N,
P and K and under different photoperiods to determine the effect
of day length on vegetative growth and flowering. Germinating
seeds of Potamogeton and Myriophyllum, at different tempera-
tures in germination chambers.
PROGRESS: To determine effects of photoperiod on aquatic
plants had no definite conclusions because of algae in the experi-
mental vessels. Copper sulfate has been used to control algae in
aquatic experiments but effects of the copper on the rooted plants
are not known. Experiments were conducted to determine effects
of a range of CuSO(4) 5H(2)0 levels in sago pondweed and Eura-
sian watermilfoil. Sago pondweed plants were grown in nutrient
solution from tubers planted in washed sand. CuSO(4) 5H(2)0
was added at 0, 0.5, 10.0, 50.0 and 100.0 ppm. Browning of leaf
tips was observed on all plants with 10 ppm and above at 24
hours. Stunting of plants was evident at 50 and 100 ppm after 5
days and there was no increase in height of plants after 8 days.
Plants with 0.5 and 10.0 ppm CuSO(4).5H(2)0 were shorter than
controls after 6 days. Root development was inhibited in all plants
treated with 10.0 or more ppm. Dry-weight yields were lower in
all copper sulfate treatments than they were in the controls.
Result with Eurasian watermilfoil were similar although this spe-
cies did not grow well in the nutrient solution used.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - C.S.R.S.
4.0021, A PROPOSAL TO STUDY PHOSPHATE INDUCED
ALGAL GROWTH IN ORDER TO SUPPRESS OR
ELIMINATE THIS PHENOMENA
N.E. VANDERBORGH, Univ. of New Mexico, School of Arts, Al-
buquerque, New Mexico 87106
1-146
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A literature survey concerning phosphate induced algae
growth in natural water systems has been carried out as an initial
step in proposed research intended to study and eliminate this
phenomenon.
The proposed research program provides for a theoretical
analysis of the problem of algae growth induced by phosphates,
both linear and cyclic, and an experimental, kinetic study of
phosphate induced, algae growth rates employing P32 spiked
phosphates, poly-phosphates and metaphosphates. The principal
experimental studies proposed are: 1. Determination of which
phosphate or mixture of phosphates offers optimum inducement
for algae growth. 2. Determination of the activation energy for
the growth process by measurement of growth rate constants and
preparing Arrhenius Plots. 3. Evaluation of the methods for
eliminating phosphate contribution to algae growth in accord
with the postulated mechanism for growth found in 2), and ex-
amination of the variables affecting growth in the presence of
phosphates, i.e., pH concentration, ionic environment, species of
bacteria and phosphate, applied potential, dialytic membrane
type, pore size, and time of equilibration.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - O. Wtr. Res. Rch.
4.0022, STUDIES IN PHYSIOLOGY ECOLOGY AND LIFE
HISTORIES OF ALGAE
J.M. KINGSBURY, State University of New York, Agricultural
ExperimentSta.,ft/ioca, New York 14850 (NYC00115)
OBJECTIVE: Investigate: in the Cyanophyta, ecologically in-
duced morphological variation, and motility, resistance, pigmen-
tation, reproduction, dormancy, perenniation, morphogenesis
and ecology of selected species; in Chlorophyta, ecological life
histories, and cytological life cycles of selected species.
APPROACH: Isolations, cultures and magnification (light,
interference, and electron microscopes) are the main techniques
for 1 a b and 2 b. Ecological life histories is a field project involv-
ing observation of algal population changes and life cycles in
natural and controlled habitats. Parts of these studies will be car-
ried out as graduate student problems.
PROGRESS: (1) Aquatic Weeds Ponds. Data for third year
have been obtained; plankton sampling completed. Laboratory
enrichment experiments undertaken and completed. 2. Ecology
of Cyanophyta. Electron micrograph techniques worked out for
Lyngbya and Merismopedia. Major differences found in structure
of photosynthetic apparatus and in ultra structure of the cell in
general between 'bleached' and normal- colored cultures. 3. Isles
of Shoals. Transect data collected for the fourth season, and a
preliminary integration of these data for the first four years
prepared. Transect study for 1970 will be suitably modified. 4.
Irish Moss ecology. Stations emplaced at Rocky Point and
Manomet Point and periodic observations begun. Single-spore-
isolate cultures now vegetatively mature (1 1/2 yr. old) but not
reproductive. Cytological techniques worked out for successful
nuclear staining to demonstrate chromosomes. Laboratory facili-
ties established at New London, Connecticut for rate-of-growth
experiments parallel to rate-of- growth observations at the experi-
mental field stations. 5. Onondaga Lake. Sampling completed,
data under review. The second season was not parallel with the
first in several respects, especially absence of serious blooms of
bluegreen algae, and the complete and unexplained clearing of
the lake for about a week in midsummer. 6. Pesticides. Some, but
not other genera of bluegreen algae metabolize DDT to DDE.
This process is light-dependent.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture C.S.R.S.
4.0023, EFFECTS OF EUTROPHICATION ON AQUATIC
VEGETATION - PHASE II
H.F. MULLIGAN, State University of New York, School of
Agriculture, Ithaca, New York 14850
This project involves the study of the effects of enrichment
with ammonium, nitrate, and calcium monobasic phosphate
hydrate on the growth of plankton algae and selected species of
aquatic weeds in twenty, 1/10 acre experimental ponds. The
aquatic weeds are being studied in the ponds include Elodea
canadensis, Potamogeton crispus, and Myriophyllum spicatum
var. exalbescens. Enrichment replications have been established
4. AQUATIC PEST ECOSYSTEMS
in these ponds during the summers of 1968 and 1969. In the
summer of 1970, no fertilizer will be added and bi-monthly esti-
mates of the rates of growth of plankton algae and bottom weeds
will be obtained. The species composition and succession of
plankton algae and records of bottom weed populations will be
noted.
In this way, effects of prior fertilization or species diversity
and density of plankton algae and bottom weeds can be evalu-
ated. Residual effects of nutrient enrichment on the entire aquatic
ecosystem will be estimated by measuring nutrient composition of
the soil and water on a bi-monthly basis.
These data will be summarized so as to provide information
on the ecological consequence resulting from a reduction or
cessation in nutrient enrichment to surface waters.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - O. Wtr. Res. Rch.
4.0024, ECOLOGY OF SELECTED SUBMERSED
AQUATIC WEEDS
H.F. MULLIGAN, State University of New York, Agricultural
Experiment Sta., Ithaca, New York 14850 (NYC00079)
OBJECTIVE: Study the growth and development of
Myriophyllum, Potomageton, and Elodea in axenic or algae-free
culture as affected by chemical, physical and biological variables
and relate the results obtained to the distribution, management,
and control of these genera.
APPROACH: The three genera will be grown at different
nutrient and pH levels and under different light, temperature, and
photoperiod conditions with measurement of effects of pertinent
variables on shoot growth, flowering and seed germination.
Nutrient pathways will be followed with P. The competition
among genera and with algae will be studied.
PROGRESS: Chara spp. and Myriophyllum spicatum var. ex-
albescens were eliminated from the high fertility ponds while
Potamogeton crispus and Elodea canadensis showed their best
growth in 1969 in the ponds which were heavily fertilized in 1968
and unfertilized in 1969. The major differences persisting in the
ponds where heavy fertilization had been curtailed are: changes in
the species composition of weeds, and a gradual reduction in
numbers of species. The total yields of large weeds and
phytoplankton densities remained approximately the same as in
the controls. In 1969, the yield of the plants from the highly fertil-
ized ponds and controls were nearly the same. Thus, it appears
that when nutrient enrichment is curtailed, aquatic ecosystems
recover rapidly. The control ponds showed a slight increase in
weed yield in 1969 over the 1968 valued. The low fertility treat-
ments had no effect on aquatic weeds in 1968 but 1 Ox that fertili-
ty level inhibited their growth. An experimental program was in-
itiated in the Finger Lakes, designed to evaluate the growth of
aquatic weeds under natural conditions. A surveillance program
was carried out to determine the distribution, abundance and
rates of growth of Myriophyllum spp. in the shallow zones of these
eleven lakes.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - C.S.R.S.
4.0025, NUTRIENT DYNAMICS IN AN ARTIFICIALLY
ENRICHED LAKE
J.K. NEEL, Univ. of North Dakota, Graduate School, Grand
Forks, North Dakota 58201
The primary objective is determination of the effects of weed
harvesting upon nutrient level and utilization in a waste enriched
lake. The general approach is aquisition of a limnological baseline
prior to weed removal and then determination of changes at-
tributable to biomass removal and reduced weed populations.
Pre- and post-harvest evaluations will rest upon variation in physi-
cal and chemical lake characteristics and weed and phytoplank-
ton populations, primary production by planktonic and attached
vegetation, nutrient interactions among water, organisms, and
sediments, inflow and outflow of nutrients via surface streams,
and overall controls exercised by basic lake and weather condi-
tions. These data should also indicate fundamental consequences
of long term enrichment, particularly as affecting lake succession,
conditions favoring ascendancy of weeds and phytoplankton, and
potential of intra- lake cycling of waste nutrient residues.
1-147
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4. AQUATIC PEST ECOSYSTEMS
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Environ. Protect. Agency - O.O.W.P.
4.0026, THE CHANGING DISTRIBUTION OF THE
GENUS POTAMOGETON (PONDWEEDS) IN OHIO
R.R. HAYNES, Ohio State University, Graduate School, Colum-
bus,Ohio 43210
No summary has been provided to the Science Information
Exchange.
SUPPORTED BY Amer. Assn. for the Advancement of Sci.
40027, INFLUENCE OF SUSPENDED MICROSCOPIC
SUBSTANCES ON THE METABOLISM OF MICROORGAN-
ISMS RESPONSIBLE FOR BIOLOGICAL ENRICHMENT OF
WATER
R.M. PFISTER, Ohio State University, Graduate School, Colum-
bus, Ohio 43210
The proposed investigation is to study the interaction of en-
vironmental contaminants (defined as substances not formed
biologically or naturally, and which are not normally indigenous
to the water) on the microbial portion of the ecosystem. The par-
ticulate materials (detritus) will be examined on a physical,
chemical, and biological basis, and the materials will be charac-
terized using differential and gradient centrifugation in conjunc-
tion with electron microscopy. The characteristic fractions of
suspended paniculate material will ultimately be examined for
ability to influence biological reactions. This paniculate fraction
of water is important to microbial relationships in the area of in-
terfaces and biological activity. It is known that particles and
molecules in solution accumulate at interfaces (this includes
chemicals which can either act favorably (e.g., nutrients) or un-
favorably (e.g., pesticides) to organisms) and that enzymatic
reactions are concentrated at membranous surfaces. Therefore, it
is of significant importance to study the capabilities of non-
biologicals that commonly end up in the waters on such colloidal
or molecular interfacial systems.
The investigation will be confined to a small river or creek
basin which enters into Lake Erie, and to the lake itself.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - O. Wtr. Res. Rch.
4.0028, AQUATIC PLANTS OF POLLUTED WATERS IN
SOUTHWESTERN UNITED STATES
D.S. CORRELL, Texas Res. Foundation, Renner, Texas 75079
Description: The project objective is to produce a descriptive
and illustrated manual of the nearly 1200 species found in
southwestern United States. Specifically, the product of this
research will enable one to identify these plants in this pan of the
country and to learn something about their role in the pollution or
clarification of water. The work is meant to be especially useful
for biologists, hydrologists, hygienists and wildlife management
personnel who are concerned with organisms that might affect
water quality. Data on ecology and distribution of the plant spe-
cies, a discussion of methods of dissemination, reproduction and
growth habit of the various entities will also be included where
possible.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Environ. Protect. Agency - O.O.W.P.
4.0029, EUTROPHICATION OF SHELTERED BAYS IN A
LARGE LAKE
W.T. HELM, Utah State University, School of Natural Resources,
Logan, Utah 84321
Bear Lake at the present time is a clear oligotrophic lake.
With the recent increase in recreational use of the area, however,
a number of boat harbors and breakwaters have been con-
structed. These structures have interrupted the normal shoreline
currents. Along unprotected shores, the currents scour the bot-
tom, limiting the amount and diversity of rooted vegetation and
bottom organisms. Modification of this habitat by creating rela-
tively quiet pockets protected from the wind driven water cur-
rents has encouraged the growth of a wide variety of organisms.
The non-turbulent circulation pattern in these areas insures the
retention of at least part of any intruding nutrient-rich water. The
reactions of the rooted vegetation and benthic invertebrates to
this altered environment will provide an assessment of the advisa-
bility of permitting such manipulations of the environment.
Measurements of selected physical and chemical parameters
will be made at distances of a few millimeters to a meter or more
from the bottom. Samples of plants and animals living on and in
the bottom sediments will be collected in the same areas to deter-
mine how the differences in environment are expressed in the
biota. Samples will be obtained from regions sheltered by break-
waters and harbors as well as from open, exposed littoral regions.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - O. Wtr. Res. Rch.
4.0030, TISSUE ANALYSIS FOR NUTRIENT ASSAY OF
NATURAL WATERS
G.C. GERLOFF, Univ. of Wisconsin, School of Letters, Madison,
Wisconsin 53706
The primary objective of this project are (1) to develop a
procedure for assessing the nutrient status of lakes and streams
and (2) to identify essential nutrients which might control the
growth of nuisance macrophytes. These objectives will be accom-
plished through the application and refinement of a technique
known as tissue analysis. This technique uses the concentration of
an essential nutrient element in a plant as an indication of the
availability of the element in the environment in which the plant
grew. Critical levels for each of the essential elements will be
established in laboratory experiments for two nuisance
macrophytes (Elodea occidentals and Ceratophyllum demur-
sum). These same species then will be collected from a number of
Wisconsin lakes and will be analyzed for all the essential mineral
elements. The analyses will be compared with the established
critical levels for indications that one or more elements became
limiting for plant growth.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Environ. Protect. Agency - O.O.W.P.
4B. AQUATIC INSECTS
4.0031, ARTHROPODS OF MEDICAL AND VETERINARY
IMPORTANCE
C.C. ROAN, Univ. of Arizona, Agricultural Experiment Sta., Tuc-
son, Arizona 85721 (ARZT-2014-4161-017)
OBJECTIVE: Determine the nature and extent of occur-
rence of arthropods of medical and veterinary importance in
Arizona. Develop more efficient methods of pest population
management that will minimize the use of pesticides or/and pesti-
cide residues in man's environment and food supplies.
APPROACH: Conduct comprehensive survey to listing
hosts, economic import areas, etc. versus species of arthropod
pests and diseases vectored or nature of pest activity. Current
practices of pest control will be solicited and validated by selected
random interviews and inspections. The approach to the second
objective depends on the outcome of the first. In the interim, an
investigation of control practices involving ectoparasites of small
animals will be initiated. The preferred host-parasite for this
phase is the dog tick complex.
PROGRESS: Maintenance of a colony of the brown dog tick
without animal facilities is impossible. Continued field surveil-
lance of native populations may establish rather firmly life cycle
patterns in this geographical area. Evaluation of control
procedures without experimental colonies and animals is impossi-
ble. Aggressive antagonistic behavior between Culex tarsalis and
Culex quinquefasciatus larvae has been observed via photog-
raphy. In rearing studies of varying population densities, Culex
quinquefasciatus is usually dominant over Culex tarsalis. A pro-
gram of evaluating the behavior of ULV particles of a rather
homogeneous particle spectrum in control of insects of public
health importance is being initiated.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - C.S.R.S.
4.0032, TRANSMISSION OF ANAPLASMOSIS
J.L. LANCASTER, Univ. of Arkansas, Agricultural Experiment
Sta., Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701 (ARK00637)
OBJECTIVE: Determine role of biting flies, mosquitoes, and
ticks in transmission of anaplasmosis.
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APPROACH: In laboratory species reared, or acquired in
immature stages, for transmission tests to determine ability to
pick up organism. Fluorescent antibody technique to determine
presence of organism in tissue of test species. Infection of test spe-
cies does not necessarily mean that organism can be passed on to
susceptible bovine host. Therefore, its ability to transmit will be
tested. In the field, vector species will be collected from infected
animals. These vectors tested by fluorescent antibody technique
for presence of organism.
PROGRESS: Seasonal incidence of suspected vectors and
relative numbers were learned. No absolute vector was definitely
established. It appeared that vaccination of all the cattle sur-
rounding the test herd had a marked influence on the rapidity of
transmission in the test herd. The number of potential vectors col-
lected was increased through the use of dry ice baited sticke traps.
Species not taken in an animal baited trap were taken by this
method.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - C.S.R.S.
4.0033, THE NUTRITION AND BEHAVIOR OF
MOSQUITOES
R.H. DADD, Univ. of California, Agricultural Experiment Sta.,
Berkeley, California 94720 (CA-B-PAR-2439)
OBJECTIVE: Study general feeding behavior, characteristics
of food that stimulate feeding, nutritional requirements and rela-
tionships between nutritional and ovipositional responses of
gravid females, and investigate possible effects of both larval and
adult nutrition on the viability and virulence of both pathogens
and parasites of mosquitoes and these transmitted by females.
APPROACH: Study dietary feeding rates of larvae and de-
mand related to food type, method offered and relate this to adult
fecundity.
PROGRESS: Analysis of larval feeding behavior has con-
tinued. Effect of particle size on rate of ingestion was studied
using polystyrene latex particles of specified diameter. Ingestion
by 2nd, 3rd, and 4th instar Culex pipiens larvae was optimal with
particles in the range of 1-10 u diameter. A stimulatory effect of
solutes on ingestion, presumeably gustatory, was first indicated in
experiments using soluble yeast extract in combination with inert
particulates such as alumina. Pure chemicals are now being tested
for similar effects. Amino acid mixtures at concentrations of
about 1% slightly increase ingestion rates. Sugars are inactive.
Crude yeast and sperm nucleic acids at low concentrations
(0.1%) markedly increase ingestion rates, yeast adenylic acid
alone having a similar action.
SUPPORTED BY California State Government - Sacramento
4.0034, FEEDING HABITS OF MOSQUITO LARVAE
R.H. DADD, Univ. of California, Agricultural Experiment Sta.,
Berkeley, California 94720 (CA-BO-PAR-2550-H)
OBJECTIVE: Assess what mechanical properties of panicu-
late materials and what chemical factors associated with them or
dissolved in water may influence larval feeding rates.
APPROACH: A method (published) for comparing rates of
ingestion of particulate materials by mosquito larvae has shown
that ingestion is affected by both physical properties of particu-
lates and by nutrient, probably phagostimulant, material (yeast
extract) dissolved in the water. The method will be extended to
compare relative ingestion for particulates of different particle
dimensions, density, and concentration in the water phase. With
gustatorily inert particulates, effects of soluble nutrients and
possible phagostimulant defined chemicals will be examined.
Having established what factors regulate feeding, the potentials
inherent in manipulation of feeding rate upon larvicide efficiency,
and the adequacy of nutrient media will be explored.
PROGRESS: This new project directly continues the feeding
behavioral studies, reported under discontinued project 02439,
which showed that the rate of ingestion of particulate material by
larval Culex pipiens was increased by phagostimulant solutes,
such as yeast extract. Among various simpler chemicals tested for
phagostimulant action, adenylic acid and other nucleic acid com-
ponents proved highly effective. Phagostimulation was first de-
tected by comparing the rate at which inert particulates moved
down the guts of larvae placed in water or solutions of potential
stimulants. It was surmised that faster ingestion resulted if larvae
4. AQUATIC PEST ECOSYSTEMS
were stimulated to main filtering movements for a greater propor-
tion of time. This is now established, from continuous recordings
of filtering activity of individual larvae in various solutions, with
or without suspended particulate. In suspensions, of yeast, kaolin,
or latex, ingestion and movement down the gut is proportional to
the duration of actual filtering. With phagostimulants in solution,
ingestion is faster and the proportion of time spent filtering
greater. These changes in filtering activity occur whether or not
particulate is present, providing a most convenient alternative
method for rapidly assessing whether a substance is phagostimu-
lant. In the ideal case, a larva that is quiescent in water im-
mediately 'switches on' sustained filtering on addition of a power-
ful phagostimulant.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - C.S.R.S.
4.0035, DEVELOPMENT OF CULTURE METHODS FOR
MOSQUITOES
C. SCHAEFER, Univ. of California, Agricultural Experiment Sta.,
Berkeley, California 94720 (CA-BO-PAR-2455)
OBJECTIVE: Develop culture methods for Aedes
nigromaculis and other mosquitoes. Maintain lines of mosquitoes
for experimental use by University campuses and cooperating
agencies.
APPROACH: Artificial mating of mosquitoes will be studied
since this is the usual reason for failure in colonization attempts.
Studies will be made of such factors as temperature and feeding of
immature mosquitoes as they affect larval survival. Laboratory
colonies developed in this project will be used to study the suscep-
tibilities of the various species to detrimental influences, such as
insecticides, and they will be used for supplying subcultures to
other laboratories.
PROGRESS: An evaluation of mass-rearing Aedes
nigromaculis by induced-mating methods was completed. With
experience, an average person is able to inseminate 15-20 females
per hour; the average egg production was 46 eggs per female
(range 15-89) and 60% of the total eggs obtained were viable. A
study of sexual dimorphism, with emphasis on the lesser con-
spicuous sex characters, of Aedes nigromaculis adults has been
completed. The dimorphism with respect to size of the compound
eyes, shape of the clypeus, occiput, tarsal claws and tarsomeres
and scaling of the wings was described. In addition, four gynan-
dromorphs were examined and described with respect to the
characters studied above. Colonies from six Culex tarsalis field
populations were established at the Fresno Laboratory during
1969. Five of these colonies are highly organo-phosphorus-re-
sistant; one of the five will be selected for maintenance at Fresno
to provide material for insecticide testing.
SUPPORTED BY California State Government - Sacramento
4.0036, CULTIVATION OF INSECT PHASE OF AVIAN
PLASMODIA
G.H. BALL, Univ. of California, School of Letters, Los Angeles,
California 90024
Oocysts of Plasmodium relictum will be cultured with
mosquito cell lines from Aedes aegypti and Culex pipiens in order
to determine the contributions of these cells to the in vitro
development of the oocysts and other stages of this malaria
parasite. Similar studies will be made with cells of primary cul-
tures of Culex tarsalis. Efforts will be continued to develop a cell
line of C. tarsalis. Further work will be carried out on the suitabili-
ty of mosquito cell lines for the cultivation of blood parasites
other than those of malaria. The overall objective of the research
is the determination of the biochemical nature of the dependence
of a parasite on its host.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Hlth. Ed. & Wei. - N.I.H.
4.0037, MOSQUITOES OF MIDDLE AMERICA
J.N. BELKIN, Univ. of California, Graduate School, Los Angeles,
California 90024
Objective: To collect, describe and illustrate in detail all spe-
cies of mosquitoes known to occur in middle America and ad-
jacent parts of North and South America and to assemble and
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4. AQUATIC PEST ECOSYSTEMS
summarize all available information on the distribution,
bionomics, and the ability of these species to transmit disease to
man in military situations.
Approach: The project will employ the cooperative services
of a large number of culicidologists familiar with specific local
areas. The central clearing office and coordinating activity will be
at the University of California in Los Angeles.
Material was collected and reared by the staff and coopera-
tors in Venezuela, Virgin Islands and Southerwestern United
States. More than 2000 collections were processed and about
4800 slides of individual rearings, 300 slides of whole larvae, 480
slides of male genitalia and 23,000 mounts of adults were
prepared. Manuscripts were completed on the subgenus
Micraedes, 2 new species of Deinocerites and a new Aedes from
Southern California. Studies were completed on the Terrens
group of finlaya and the Culicidae of Jamaica. Eight papers were
published during the period, among them a revision of the sub-
fenus Howardina, a new anopheles from the Southewstern United
tales, and on the pupae of the genus Psorophora.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Defense - Army
4.0038, MOSQUITOES OF MIDDLE AMERICA
J.N. BELKIN, Univ. of California, School of Letters, Los Angeles,
California 90024
The project is concerned with detailed studies on the 'syste-
matics, bionomics, distribution and vector potential of the
mosquitoes of Middle America' (Central America and the West
Indies and the adjacent portions of North America and South
America) with the principal objective of providing basic biologi-
cal data needed for the control of 'mosquito- borne diseases',
some of which may be spread to the United States.
The specific aims and methodology of the project are: (1) To
undertake and publish comparative studies (as in 3 and 4 below)
of various natural groups of mosquitoes as sufficient material
becomes available, with the long-range objective of the publica-
tion of a comprehensive monograph of several volumes that will
cover entire fauna. (2) To carry out additional field collections,
observations and rearings (individual, progeny, mass) to obtain
topotypic material in areas not adequately surveyed in the past
and for groups requiring additional information. (3) To describe
and illustrate in detail every species in every stage (female, male,
pupa, 4th-instar larva) on the basis of individually associated
reared material from type localities insofar as possible. (4) To
summatize for every species data on bionomics and distribution
recorded on a standard form developed for the field surveys of the
project as well as from the literature and to evaluate from these
data the disease vector potential of every species.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Hlth. Ed. & Wei. - N.I.H.
4.0039, ECOLOGY OF MOSQUITOES OF ARID
SOUTHEASTERN CALIFORNIA
R.M. CHEW, Univ. of Southern California, School of Letters, Los
Angeles, California 90007
The objective is to understand as much as possible of the
ecology of the arid and semiarid portions of southeastern Califor-
nia, parts of which are now subject to irrigation. 'Culex tarsalis,'
'Culiseta inornate' and 'Psorophora confmnis' are ubiquitous in
the area; 'Aedes vexans' and 'Anopheles p. franciscanus' are wide
spread but less frequent; ten other species have limited distribu-
tions and frequencies. The peaks of abundance of the eight most
common species are almost mutually exclusive. The feeding pat-
terns of the six most abundant species in this area are not signifi-
cantly different from their patterns in other regions. Salinity, pH
and organic nitrogen are not limiting factors on distribution of'C.
tarsalis' and 'C. inornata.' Certain other species are associated
with limited ranges of water conditions, but probably as a secon-
dary effect of their habits in breeding in temporary waters or
streams in high desert canyons. Linear regression was developed
as a means of comparing the frequency of presence often species
of mosquitoes with the corresponding values for frequency of as-
sociation of these species. Possibly this can be used to compare
nonquantitative samples of adults and larvae of these species.
Work is continuing on the effects of the type of host blood on the
fertility of'Culex tarsalis', on the effects of level of feeding, tem-
perature, and pattern of fluctuation of temperature on the rate of
development of 'C. tarsalis,' and the attraction of 'C. tarsalis' of
different physiological states to light in the laboratory. A field
study is underway to evaluate the numerical relationship between
adult and larval populations at a single site.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Hlth. Ed. & Wei. - N.I.H.
4.0040, (U) REPELLENCY AND ATTRACTIVENESS OF
MAN TO MOSQUITO BITES
W.A. SKINNER, Stanford Research Institute, Menlo Park
California 94025 (DA-49-193-MD-2465)
Objective: To study in depth the attractiveness and repellen-
cy of the natural secretions of man to mosquito bites and to
develop effective mosquito repellents.
Approach: The following methods ar being utilized: (1)
Isolation by chromatographic methods of the factors in human
sweat that attract Aedes aegypti. (2) Isolation by chromato-
graphic methods of the repellents present in human skin surface
lipids. (3) Identification of these repellents and attractant factors.
(4) Synthesis of more effective topical repellents.
Progress: Skin-surface lipids, which have been found repel-
lent to mosquitoes, have been fractionated by vacuum distillation
and thin-layer chromatography. Unsaturated hydrocarbons from
these lipids, although repellent, do not account for the strong
repellency noted with certain lipid samples. Human sweat con-
tains repellent substances and attractive substances that can be
separated by lipid-extraction with diethyl. The repellent sub-
stances in the other phase include lactic acid-lactic anhydride
mixtures and two other polar substances not yet identified. Sur-
veys of various individuals for PT50 (time for 50 percent of the
mosquitoes in a cage over the arm to probe) measurements, at-
tractiveness of their sweat, and repellency between these parame-
ters.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Defense Army
4.0041, ATTRACTIVENESS AND REPELLENCY OF MAN
TO MOSQUITO BITES
H.I. MAIBACH, Univ. of California, School of Medicine, San
Francisco, California 94112
Objective: To study factors determining attractiveness and
repellency of mosquitoes in man in order to develop a more effi-
cient system of preventing the mosquito bite.
Approach: (1) To fractionate body emanations for attractive
and repellent substances; (2) Mosquito behavior studies which
will deepen understanding of host-seeking behavior; (3) Studies
of factors modifying human attractiveness, such as illness and
medication; and (4) synthesis of new repellent compounds.
An annual progress report, dated 15 Sep 69, has been
received which includes details on the following areas: (1) Quan-
titative study of the variation of the mosquito response and host
attractiveness. (2) Increased attractiveness of man to mosquito
with induced eccrine sweating. (3) Differential attraction of the
yellow-fever mosquito to vertebrate hosts. (4) Human trials of
possible oral systemic repellents - thiamine hydrochloride. (5)
Standardization of the dual-port olfactometer. (6) Trapping of
volatile mosquito attractants from skin (other than eccrine
sweat), and (7) An alternate method of testing insect repellents,
for details, see Annual Report.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Defense - Army
4.0042, PUBLICATION OF BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MEDI-
CAL ENTOMOLOGY
D.L. COLLINS, Amer. Mosquito Control Assn., Selma, California
93662
Mosquito News: The official journal of the American
Mosquito Control Association is now in its 29th year. H is
published quarterly, in March, June, September and December,
each annual volume running more than 600 pages. For the past 14
years a feature of each issue has been a section of Bibliography, or
'Reference to Literature of Interest to Mosquito Workers and
Malariologists,' which now runs 12 to 14 pages per issue (a total
of 56 pages in Vol. 28 for 1968). Begun with Dr. F.C. Bishopp,
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Mrs- Helen Sollers-Riedel has continued as editor-in-chaige of
this section. She keeps it continuously up to date from library
research and world-wide correspondence, and since the journal is
published quarterly it comprises possibly the most up-to-date
source of references in medical entomology available anywhere.
Our research objective is not only to continue to publish this
bibliography, but to be able to enlarge it as necessary to keep up
with the increasing number of titles and to include better subject
classification and cross- and cumulative indexing to make it even
more useful.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Hlth. Ed. & Wei. - N.I.H.
40043, BIOLOGICAL STUDIES OF CULICOIDES AND
THEIR CONTROL IN THE CANAL ZONE
L. JOHNSTON, U.S. Army, Environmental Health Division, Fort
Clayton, Canal Zone
Technical Objective: To investigate and define- (1) the life
histories of Culicoides spp, affecting man and animals in the
Canal Zone and adjacent Republic of Panama, (2) the reproduc-
tive capacity of the primary sandfly pest, Culicoides furens, and
its bionomics in its natural mangrove breeding habitat versus sedi-
ment spoil areas, and (3) larval and adult Culicoides control mea-
sures by biological, physical and chemical measures.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Defense - Army
4.0044, ECOLOGY AND DISEASE TRANSMISSION
POTENTIAL
F. UEDEM, Univ. Nac. De Colombia, Bogota, Colombia (AF-
AFOSR-1418-68A)
The scope of this proposed research project is to continue
studies on Colombian animals. Only selected species are to be in-
vestigated in relation to their habitat, alimenation, parasites,
reproduction and geographical distribution. Some of the benefits
resulting from these accomplishments will be as follows: 1. Field
observations and inestigations about the effect of isolation in rela-
tion to evolution, life history and behavior. 2. Collections of endo-
and extoparasites will be idenified and studied as possible vectors
of transmittable diseases. 3. Sound ecological studies would con-
tribute considerably to the formation of international agreements
about protection and preservation of animals which are either in
danger of experimentation. 4. Specimens collected would be
maintained in Colombia and the United States where they will be
safe and accessible to future investigators.
Field studies were carried out within seven different river
systems. About three hundred horseflies (tabanidae), belonging
to eight different species, were collected mainly from caimans
(crocodiles), but also from mammals, including humans. Hor-
seflies are strongly suspected to transmit the larvae stages of
filaria (micro-filaria). Adult filaria, belonging to a new species,
were found in the somach of the smooth-fronted caiman. The
smooth-fronted caiman (caiman sclerops) form the hosts for five
different horseflies. Three species feed exclusively on caimans
while two others may also feed on humans. Three horseflies
(tabanus fervens, and two unidentified species) feed exclusively
on the head, where the skin is still irragated by blood capillaries.
An other unidentified species feed on both head and body.
Tabanus modestus, however, feeds exclusivey on the body, per-
forating the sutures between the scales from neck to tail, and on
the fore and hind legs. Their feeding period takes place during the
dry season only. Another species feeds on humans. In contrast to
turtles, caimans contain few intestinal worms.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Defense - Air Force
4.0045, BLUETONGUE TRANSMISSION BY SAND FLIES
AND MOSQUITOES
K.H. JONES, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Entomology Research
Division, Denver, Colorado 80225 (OOENTHO103060300)
OBJECTIVE: Determine and explore how to prevent insect
transmission of bluetongue in sheep and cattle; seek possible vec-
tors, delineate their roles and evaluate control measures.
APPROACH: Colonize and rear disease-free sand flies and
mosquitoes and with veterinarians, engag£ in coordinated
4. AQUATIC PEST ECOSYSTEMS
research in virus transmission trials with these and other insects.
Make epidemiological studies in the field and engage in vector
control research with promising chemicals.
PROGRESS: A line of culicoides variipennis flies, highly
susceptible to infection with bluetongue, has been developed.
This colony has nearly a 100% infection rate compared to only
17% for the parent colony. An intermediate susceptible colony
was stable, with a 65% infection rate for the F( 1), F(3), and F(7)
generations. A resistant colony has also been developed. The
development of these completely divergent lines from the same
parent stock is highly significant; we now have known material for
genetic studies to determine the mechanism of bluetongue trans-
mission by a vector, and for morphological-physiochemical in-
vestigations on differences between resistant and susceptible
lines. The resistant colony provides a possible control procedure
through the field release of genetically resistant males. An im-
provement in our colonization procedures for C. variipennis was
the development of a bacterial broth as a larval medium.
Transovarian transmission of bluetongue was shown unlikely for
this species. With a 100-fold dilution of the virus, insufficient to
infect 100% of the flies genetically capable of becoming infected,
3 repeated infective meals resulted in an increase in the infection
rate in anarithmetic progression. With a 4th infective blood meal,
the infection rate dropped off. A 10-fold dilution infected 100%
of flies capable of becoming infected; no flies were infected at the
1000-fold dilution.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - A.R.S. - E.N.T
4.0046, ECOLOGY AND CONTROL OF DISEASE VEC-
TORS AND RESERVOIRS
B.F. ELDRIDGE, U.S. Army, Walter Reed Army Inst. Res.,
Washington, District of Columbia
Studies emphasize control of vectors of arbovirus and
parasitic diseases of military significance. Objectives are in-
crimination of vectors and understanding of host-parasite rela-
tionships initially. Understanding of vector biology and disease
transmission mechanisms ultimately in order to develop more ef-
fective control procedures.
Invertebrate vectors and vertebrate reservoirs and hosts are
collected in areas of known disease activity. Infection rates are
determined, as are flight ranges, blood meal sources, breeding
habits, and other biological characteristics. Other biological
processes, such as pathogen transmission, flight physiology, and
diapause are studied in the laboratory.
Over 300,000 mosquitoes collected in an area in Maryland
endemic for arbovirus diseases. 19 isolations of EEE and WEE
viruses obtained all from culiseta melanura. Larval breeding
habits and seasonal distribution determindd for dominant
mosquito species of area. Factors responsible for infection of 2
species of tsetse flies with trypanosomes have been partially
determined. Blood meal source of 200 engorged mosquitoes of 2
species determined. Five species of mosquitoes tested for flight
ability on mechanical flight mill. For technical report see Walter
Reed Army Institute of Research Annual Progress Report, 1 Jul
69-30Jun70.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Defense - Army
4.0047, BASIC STUDIES ON THE BEHAVIOR AND
PHYSIOLOGY OF INSECTS THAT AFFECT MAN
J.B. GAHAN, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Gainesville, Florida
Objective: Determination of the environmental stimuli and
physiological responses that govern the activities of selected dis-
ease vectors in finding food, mates, and/or oviposition sites and in
the consummatory bheavior associated with feeding, mating,
and/or ovipositing, and the utilization of the acquired information
in developing more effective control methods.
Approach: Physiological studies are made with preparations
of whole insects or excised organs to record electronically the
neural activity generated by exposure of sensillae to chemicals,
light, and/or sound. Various olfactometers are used to study
behavioral responses in the presence of specific chemical stimuli,
presented individually or in competition with each other under a
range of environmental conditions, to isolate and identify insect
attractants and feeding, mating and oviposition stimulants.
1-151
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4. AQUATIC PEST ECOSYSTEMS
Studies were conducted relating to the behavior of
Psorophora spp. and anopheles quadrimaculatus in buildings.
During the daylight hours Psorophora were scarce but a.
quadrimaculatus were prevalent inside many farm buildings. A.
quadrimaculatus was most numerous in structures that housed
farm animals, though it was also found in unoccupied buildings
close to barnyards or pastures where animals were kept. A colony
of stable flies, Stomoxys calcitrans, has been established and stu-
dies will be initiated relating to mass rearing procedures, labora-
tory biology, and population dynamics.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Defense - Army
4.0048, POPULATION DYNAMICS OF MOSQUITOES IN
FLORIDA
W.G. EDEN, Univ. of Florida, Inst. of Food & Agric. Sci.,
Gainesville, Florida 32601 (OOENTH01191001CA)
OBJECTIVE: Determine the population dynamics of Culex
pipiens quinquefasciatus.
APPROACH: The relative densities of this mosquito as it oc-
curs throughout the year will be determined. The seasonal varia-
tion in time length of the stages and preoviposition period, sur-
vival of adults, and dispersal patterns will also be determined.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - A.R.S. - E.N.T
4.0049, COMPARISONS BETWEEN ARTHROPOD AND
VERTEBRATE METABOLISM
E. VAN HAN DEL, State Div. of Health, Vero Beach, Florida
Metabolism of biting arthropods: Feeding habits, survival
without feeding, and dispersal of insects are reflected in their
ability to store caloric reserves. The main objective will be a com-
parison of glycogen and triglyceride synthesis and utilization in
adult, intact, mostly biting arthropods, following a single meal of
protein (blood) or carbohydrate (sugar). When essential to an
understanding of gross metabolism, work on digestion, absorp-
tion, or metabolic pathways will be included.
The natural history of trehalase and maltase: The recent find-
ing of saccharidases other than trehalase in the hemolymph of the
mosquito and other insects, led to the discovery of trehalase and
maltase in the serum and the kidney of many vertebrates, includ-
ing man. The diagnostic potential of these findings will be ex-
plored, both clinically and experimentally. Another objective,
based on the same finding, will be to test the hypothesis that
trehalose and maltose are intermediates in renal glucose trans-
port.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Hlth. Ed. & Wei. - N.I.H.
4.00SO, MOSQUITOES OF THE NEW GUINEA AREA
W.A. STEFFAN, Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu, Hawaii
To carry out biological and taxonomic investigations of
mosquitoes, to collect and rear specimens for systematic study, to
investigate feeding behavior of adults, and to obtain distribution
records from areas where little collecting has been done previ-
ously. The principal long-range objective will be the publication
of a comprehensive monograph (in several parts) of the mosquito
fauna of the New Guinea area in Pacific Insects Monograph series
or Journal of Medical Entomology published by the Dept. of En-
tomology, Bishop Museum.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Hlth. Ed. & Wei. - N.I.H.
4.0051, DEVELOPMENT OF AN ORALLY EFFECTIVE
INSECT REPELLENT
P. KASHIN, Illinois Inst. of Technology, Graduate School,
Chicago, Illinois 60616
To study by various means, assays, various chemicals which
could be utilized as an effective and safe oral insect repellent.
The efficacy of candidate substances are assayed with an
electronic bite monitor developed in their laboratory. The ap-
paratus detects the various phases of the mosquito bite, and
responds only when actual penetration of the host skin by the in-
sect mouthparts occurs. Another phase involves the elucidation
of the mechanism of insect attraction on the basis of activation
and inhibition in the insect nervous system. Repellents which in-
terfere with or inactivate mosquito odor reception mechanisms
will be investigated. .
The isolated central nervous system of the cockroach, P.
Americana, was utilized to test the effects of carbamino-gaba and
other compounds on the nervous system of an insect. Gaba in-
hibited the spontaneous firing rate of this preparation in the
absence of carbon dioxide, but stimulated it in its presence.
Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid, a substance which cannot form a
carbamino compound, was inhibitory both in the absence and
presence of carbon dioxide. The evaluation of selected com-
pounds for mosquito repellency by the electronic recording
method was continued. Compounds were selected on the basis of
their past approach, i.e., that volatile chemical analogues of gaba
would affect the mosquitoes responses to its host.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Defense - Army
4.0052, THERMAL STRESS AND POLYMORPHISM OF
MOSQUITOES
W.R. HORSFALL, Univ. of Illinois, Graduate School, Urbana, Il-
linois 61801
Aedes stimulans, because of its dependable responses to even
minute differences in thermal regimens during morphogenesis, it
is an excellent model for obtaining specific information on a
timetable for differentiation of parts. Both larval and imaginal
systems are being examined. Transplantation techniques
developed earlier are being employed to determine how parts
develop in the humoral environments under control of genetics
for both sexual patterns. Effect on host and donor tissues are
being studied. Additionally the cellular pattern of ovarian follicles
is specifically distinctive and is being studied by electron
microscopy.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Hlth. Ed. & Wei. -
H.S.M.H.A
4.0053, DYNAMICS, BEHAVIOR AND IMPACT OF
ECONOMIC INSECTS
R.T. HUBER, Purdue University, Agricultural Experiment Sta.,
Lafayette, Indiana 47907 (IND01494)
OBJECTIVE: Evaluate factors affecting light trap catches
and correlate insect phenology with climatic data. Evaluate insect
caused crop losses. Evaluate corn insect dynamics under different
tillage- planting systems. Conduct insect surveys.
APPROACH: Adults will be released in a free-flight chamber
and their response to a light trap measured at various tempera-
tures and humidities. Light trap data will be used to develop
phonological indices at 9 field sites. Corn yield data from infested
and uninfested plants will be compared at 9 field sites and losses
determined in time and space. The relative effects of conven-
tional and specialized corn tillage-planting systems on insect
dynamics will be studied at 3 sites. Surveys of major crops will be
conducted during the growing season.
PROGRESS: Economically damaging alfalfa weevil infesta-
tions were present throughout the southern 3/4 of Indiana, with
heaviest damage occurring on first growth alfalfa in the eastern
and central districts relative to the western districts. The alfalfa
weevil parasite, Bathyplectes curculiones, was very abundant in
the Knox County area, and was also found in many areas of cen-
tral and northern Indiana. Alfalfa weevil infestations are pre-
dicted to reach economic levels throughout Indiana during 1969.
The spring and fall chinch bug survey revealed a slight increase in
population levels during the growing season, but populations were
not economically damaging in 1968. Second generation Europe-
an corn borer infestations in field corn were the heaviest since
1957 on a statewide basis. Statewide, the fall corn survey showed
that borer larvae averaged 82/100 plants. The corn leaf aphid was
the major pest of com in central and northern Indiana during
1968. The western corn rootworm was detected in Indiana for the
first time in 1968. Face fly populations reached severely annoying
levels on pastured cattle from mid-July to mid-August throughout
Indiana. The face fly was at the highest levels ever encountered
since the survey program began in 1964. Mosquitoes (mostly
Aedes vexans) were severely annoying from late May through
early August in central and northern Indiana. Populations were
considered to be the heaviest in 15 years in many areas.
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SUPPORTED BY Indiana State Government
40054, BIONOMICS OF SELECTED NORTH AMERICAN
CULICINE MOSQUITOES
j V OSMUN, Purdue University, Graduate School, Lafayette, In-
diana 47907 (DA-49-193-MD-2518)
The objectives of this project are to determine the mechanics
involved in the overwintering of adult Culex in temperate regions
to investigate the influence of environmental factors on their
block feeding and to make observations and evaluation of as-
sociated activities.
Approach: The information thus obtained is to be related to
aspects of mosquito bionomics as they relate to disease
epidemiology, both field and controlled. Laboratory studies will
be accomplished.
Progress: Gonotrophic dissociation was observed in a labora-
tory reared Culex pipiens) when incubated at 10-15 degrees C
with short photoperiod, and held at a low temperature after feed-
ing: but was sopradic in C. quinquefasiatus) after conditioning by
low temperature, regardless of photoperiod. Concurrent labora-
tory and field studies are under way to determine if this
phenomena will occur in a natural environment outsde the
laboratory.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Defense - Army
4.0055, GENETICS AND REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY OF
AEDES MOSQUITOES
G.B. CRAIG, Univ. of Notre Dame, School of Science, Noire
Dame, Indiana 46556
This project focuses on genetics of 'Aedes aegypti', with
some work on other 'Aedes' such as 'A. triseriatus', 'A. atropal-
pus' and 'A. simpsoni.' Research is divided into: 1. Formal
genetics - more than 100 mutants isolated and linkage maps under
construction, 2. Cytogenetics, with emphasis on chromosome
translocations, 3. Genes of economic importance such as vectori-
al capacity for malaria and filariasis, 4. Reproductive physiology,
with emphasis on hormones affecting mating and insemination, 5.
Stock Culture Center, serving as the WHO International
Reference Centre for 'Aedes' Mosquitoes with maintenance of
100 strains of'A. aegypti' and 20 other 'Aedes' species. Field pro-
jects are currently under way in Nairobi, Kenya and Delhi, India,
to develop measures for control of mosquitoes by genetic manipu-
lation of populations.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Hlth. Ed. & Wei. - N.I.H.
4.0056, OCCURRENCE AND BIONOMICS OF BLOOD-
SUCKING MIDGES (DIPTERA: CERATOPOGONIDAE) IN
IOWA
W.A. ROWLEY, Iowa State University, Agricultural Experiment
Sta., Ames, Iowa 50010 (IOWOI729)
OBJECTIVE: Determine species of bloodsucking midges
present in Iowa. Study breeding places, developmental require-
ments, and life histories of the most common and economically
important species. Determine seasonal abundance and host
preference of those species known to be anthropophilic or vectors
of vertebrate pathogens.
APPROACH: Analysis of light trap collections obtained
from selected ecological regions in the state will be made. Where
practicable, adult emergence and malaise traps will be utilized to
augment light trap data. Potential breeding places will be ex-
amined for immature forms of these insects, which will include al-
kaline and saline water-soaked soils. Other possible breeding
areas will be sought. Laboratory holding and rearing procedures
will be established when necessary to facilitate bionomical studies
of important species. Adult and immature stages will be identified
and when appropriate, described. Host preference of adults will
be studied serologically.
PROGRESS: Bloodsucking midges were collected from an
additional 7 counties in Iowa during this reporting period. The
placement of light traps was designed to extend sampling
procedures to southwestern, southeastern, and northeastern
counties. Culicoides adults were collected in appreciable num-
bers from all light trap areas. Biting midge populations encoun-
tered in Malvern (southwest) and Durant (southeast) were the
4. AQUATIC PEST ECOSYSTEMS
highest. High populations of C. obsoletus, an important anthropo-
philic species were encountered in Cedar and Bremer Counties.
The commonest species collected throughout the state were C.
crepuscularis and C. variipennis. Culicoides variipennis, the pri-
mary vector for blue tongue virus, was collected in appreciable
numbers in all areas of the state. Studies on the species composi-
tion and abundance of Culicoides in 23 different larval habitats
were completed during this study period. Results are being
prepared for analysis using a coordination approach designed to
show habitat relationships according to a series of similarities and
dissimilarities. To date, 14 species of bloodsucking midges have
been collected in Iowa. Six of these were taken in this state for the
first time during this report period. Small numbers of adult midges
were collected and are being maintained at a minus 70 C for fu-
ture arbovirus isolation attempts.
SUPPORTED BY Iowa State Government - Des Moines
4.0057, ARTHROPOD-BORNE VIRUS (ARBOVHtUS) AC-
TIVITY IN MAJOR MOSQUITO VECTORS IN IOWA
W.A. ROWLEY, Iowa State University, Agricultural Experiment
Sta., Ames, Iowa 50010 (IOW01788)
OBJECTIVE: Survey the mosquito fauna of Iowa to deter-
mine the presence and importance of primary vector species.
Determine the extent of arbovirus activity in mosquitoes and
other hematophagous insects. Isolate and identify specific ar-
boviruses from vector species and assess their importance to the
public health of the state.
APPROACH: Mosquitoes will be collected and identified
throughout Iowa. Periods of high arbovirus activity will be com-
pared to population levels of primary vectors species and changes
in seasonal and climatic conditions. During the peak months of
arbovirus and mosquito activity (July through September)
mosquitoes will be collected, separated to species, and main-
tained at -60 C for virus isolations. Pooled groups of each species
will be injected intracerebrally into suckling mice for initial virus
isolation. Isolates will be serologically typed and/or sent to an ar-
bovirus reference center for identification.
SUPPORTED BY Iowa State Government - Des Moines
4.0058, BIONOMICS AND CONTROL OF ASIAN
MOSQUITOES -
A.A. HUBERT, U.S. Army, Med. Laboratory No. 406, Zama
Honshu, Japan
Objective: Investigate bionomics and vector capabilities of
Asian mosquitoes of the following species: A. sinensis, C. pipiens
complex, C. tritaeniorhynchus and A. togoi. Data on arthropod-
borne diseases are essential in implementing effective control
programs.
Approach: Colonize medically important species for the pur-
pose of conducting susceptibility-resistance tests. Determine vec-
tor capability of A. togoi and A. sinensis and utilize elec-
trophoretic and immunological technique in the discrimination of
various species of the C. pipiens complex. Adapt these species to
laboratory conditions.
The following results are reported: 1. A. sinensis has been
adapted to feed on guinea pig blood and the size of the mating
cage has been reduced. 2. Biochemical tests utilizing elec-
trophoretic techniques have been applied to several species of the
C. pipiens complex. Preliminary results indicate no significant dif-
ference among these species - and 3. Screening of systemic insec-
ticides to determine suitability of prophylactic agents for the
prevention of dog heartworm infection has been completed. A.
togoi was the vector species used for infection of test dogs. Vector
capability will be known when dogs are sacrificed after sufficient
time for development of adult worms has elapsed. Studies are
being continued.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Defense - Army
THE
4.0059, INTER-DISCIPLINARY RESEARCH IN
AREA OF THE KANO PLAINS, WESTERN KENYA
5. OMINDE, Univ. of East Africa, Nairobi, Univ. College, Kenya
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4. AQUATIC PEST ECOSYSTEMS
Ecological surveys, settlement and land use: Work is already
in progress at University College on settlement and land use in the
area of the Kano Plains; it is proposed to extend this to include
geomorphological, hydrological and ecological data collection to
provide the most up-to-date scientific information for regional
planning.
Biological studies (proposed as Kenya's contribution of the
IBP) preliminary data will be collected on three aspects of the
ecology: a) productivity of fish in the lake shore region and the
streams of the Kano Plains affected by migrations; this will be ex-
tended to include the fisheries potential productivity in the pilot
irrigation scheme, b) the ecology of snails in the area, c) the
ecology of mosquitoes, biting flies and other aquatic insects under
water-logged and irrigation conditions - this survey to be corre-
lated with current public health aspects already being studied.
Socio-economic problems: Experience in a pilot project has
underlined the need for urgent investigation on both the im-
mediate problems of attitude and impact of the far-reaching
changes in the way of life of the people in the area outside the
pilot scheme. The problem of population density and the impact
of the change on existing traditional economy will be studied, in-
cluding an inquiry into attitudes toward family planning.
SUPPORTED BY Rockefeller Foundation - New York, N.Y.
4.0060, MOSQUITOES OF MALAYSIA
S. RAMALINGAM, Univ. of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Objective: This is an integral part of the Wraar-Smithsonian
Institution study of the mosquitoes of southeast Asia. The in-
vestigator will concentrate on the mosquitoes found in the central
mountainous part of Malaysia. Predators and pathogens of the
mosquitoes will be included in the study.
Approach: Field collections of all stages will be made and in-
formation on distribution, bionomics, and relationships to disease
will be combined with a summary of current knowledge of
mosquitoes in the area. Keys will be prepared.
Correspondence with the investigator indicates his work is
proceeding on schedule. Varieties of specimen material are being
processed locally and shipped to SEAMP.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Defense - Army
4.0061, BIOLOGY, GENETICS, AND PHYSIOLOGY OF
DISEASE VECTORS
L.E. ROZEBOOM, Johns Hopkins University, School of Public
Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
Mosquito biology and genetics. Cross breeding experiments
will be carried out between species and other populations of the
Aedes scutellaris group. If hybrids are obtained, the genetics of
the inheritance of morphological or biological characters will be
studied in detail. Attempts will be made at hybridization at the
molecular level by extraction and recombination of DNA.
The ability of A. albopictus males to inseminate and thereby
to sterilize females of the A. scutellaris group will be studied
further, and more detailed knowledge of mating habits of the A.
scutellaris group will be sought in a large, walk-in cage and in the
field, as well as population densities and survival of larvae in their
breeding habitats.
Host efficiency for pathogenic agents. A comparison of the
species of the A. scutellaris group and A. albopictus and A. ae-
gypti as hosts for the 4 wild strains of dengue virus will be made by
infecting the mosquitoes by injection and ingestion of the viruses,
and subsequently assaying the concentrations of viruses by inocu-
lation of mosquito suspensions into tissue cultures. This work will
be done in collaboration with Dr. Leon Rosen.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of HIth. Ed. & Wei. - N.I.H.
4.0062, JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS ON GUAM
R. DETELS, U.S. Dept. of Hlth. Ed. & Wei., P.H.S. Natl. Insts. of
Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20014
Sera will be collected from Guamanians born prior to, during
and after the occurrence of the 1947 epidemic and will be
analyzed for antibody to JEV and other Group B and Group A ar-
boviruses. Sera will also be collected for antibody screening from
animals Mosquitoes will be collected to determine the types of
culicenes present on the island which might act as vectors.
Eighteen percent of sera from 498 Guamanians born since
1900 contain hemagglutination inhibition antibodies to JEV.
Twenty-one percent born prior to 1950 and 8 percent born since
1950 have HI antibody to JEV suggesting that there has been
Group B arbovirus activity on Guam since 1950. Nonetheless,
only 1 of 100 pigs bled had HI antibody JEV. Culex tritaenior-
hynchus, but not Culex annulus, has been identified on the island.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Hlth. Ed. & Wei. - N.I.H.
4.0063, BIONOMICS OF MARYLAND MOSQUITOES
W.E. BICKLEY, Univ. of Maryland, Agricultural Experiment
Sta., College Park, Maryland (MD-H-07 3-A.)
OBJECTIVE: Obtain information about the bionomics of
mosquito fauna and to relate the information obtained to the con-
trol of pest mosquitoes and mosquitoes which may transmit east-
ern equine encephalitis.
APPROACH: In the immediate future the hatching response
of eggs of Aedes sollicitans and other species will be studied in
detail. Emphasis will also be placed on the biology of Culiseta
melanura.
PROGRESS: Publication of results of the long-term study of
Culiseta melanura occurred in 1969. Observations on the
bionomics and distribution of several species of Aedes continued.
Information on mosquito species that are relatively rare in Mary-
land is being collated and a manuscript is being prepared for
publication. New distributional records involve A. tormentor, A.
stimulans, A. punctor, A. stricticus, A. cinereus, A. excrucians,
Psorophora discolor and Culiseta sylvestris minnesotae. In
cooperation with the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research ex-
periments were conducted using 3 laboratory strains of
Anopheles stephensi. Differences in egg structure, fecundity,
feeding behavior, susceptibility to malaria, and longevity were
demonstrated. An intricate pattern of inter-strain fertility was
demonstrated.
SUPPORTED BY Maryland State Government
4.0064, A STUDY IN INSECT TRANSMISSION OF
ANAPLASMOSIS
H.F. MCCRORY, Delta Branch Experiment Sta., Stoneville, Mis-
sissippi 38776 (MIS-SUTL-II)
OBJECTIVE: Determine if susceptible animals in the
presence of carrier animals, can be infected under field condi-
tions with anaplasmosis when exposed to either day feeding or
night feeding insects. Determine if the mosquito species, can
transmit anaplasmosis under laboratory conditions.
APPROACH: One group of susceptible calves will be ex-
posed to night feeding Diptera and one group to day feeding Dip-
tera, Insect species will be used in studies on their potential to
transmit anaplasmosis from carrier animals to susceptible
animals.
PROGRESS: A three-year field study to determine the rela-
tive roles of the Culicidae and Tabanidae as vectors of anaplas-
mosis has been concluded. During the three-year study, 32% of
the animals exposed to all insects contracted anaplasmosis, while
none of the animals that were exposed to all insects except
houseflies contracted the disease. The data from this study
eliminated the mosquitoes from consideration as vectors of
anaplasmosis. The data further incriminated the horseflies as im-
portant vectors in the spread of anaplasmosis. However, during
the study, collection data indicated that another group of insects,
the Hippelates, or eye gnats, should be considered as vectors of
anaplasmosis in conjunction with the horseflies. The eye gnats
feed on the blood from wounds produced by horseflies. Thus, the
possibility exists that these flies could be vectors of anaplasmosis
by first feeding at horsefly wounds on diseased animals and then
feeding on horsefly wounds on susceptible animals.
1-154
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SUPPORTED BY Mississippi State Government
4.0065, MOSQUITOES AS VECTORS OF LIVESTOCK
DISEASES
R H ROBERTS, Delta Branch Experiment Sta., Stoneville, Mis-
sissippi 38776 (00-ENT-HO118-2505-00)
OBJECTIVE: Determine biology and ecology of mosquitoes
and other possible insect vectors in relation to livestock disease,
especially anaplasmosis; find efficient vector control measures.
APPROACH: Conduct studies to relate mosquito abundance
to seasonal livestock disease peaks; evaluate control methods and
determine effects of insect control practices on disease incidence;
explore behavior, ecology, population dynamics of important vec-
tors like mosquitoes.
PROGRESS: Light trap collections of mosquitoes both
within and outside of a 4x4-mesh screened building were similar
as to species and numbers caught between 6 pm. and 7 am. The
most abundant species was Psorophora confmnis, followed by
Anopheles quadrimaculatus and Aedes vexans. The numbers
present are considered to be sufficiently high to transmit anaplas-
mosis if Culicidae are in fact transmitters of the disease. However,
trials with splenectomized calves housed with animals in the acute
stage of the disease were negative indicating mosquitoes to be
poor vectors if at all.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - A.R.S. E.N.T
4.0066, WATER QUALITY REQUIREMENTS OF
AQUATIC INSECTS
A.R. GAUFIN, Univ. of Montana, Undergraduate School, Mis-
soula, Montana 59801 (14-12-438)
Description: The objectives of the work are to determine the
dissolved oxygen, temperature and pH requirements of the 14
species of aquatic insects. These 14 species are distributed among
five different families: (1) Ephemeroptera, (2) Plecoptera, (3)
Odonata, (4) Trichoptera, and (5) Diptera. It is proposed that at
the completion of this research, accurate estimations of the ef-
fects to be ascertained for each of the three factors over a range
of concentrations, from lethal to that of no adverse effect, will be
accomplished. Interpretable measures of effect shall be used
rather than any change that is observed. Although growth and
reproduction are the most sensitive and significant parameters of
effect', conditions shall not allow their use, however, special effort
shall be made to study egg production and survival whenever
Lethal ranges for a short exposure shall be established for
temperature and oxygen simultaneously during the initial months
of the project. Thirty to ninety-day exposures during growth,
molting, andTood consumption shall be measured. Temperature
is important, as pre- emergence is a hazard resulting from thermal
discharges and warming of natural waters during the winter
months.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Environ. Protect. Agency - O.O.W.P
4.0067, INSECTS AS VECTORS OF DISEASES OF MILI-
TARY IMPORTANCE IN ETHIOPIA THEIR ECOLOGY AND
CONTROL
M.L. SCHMIDT, U.S. Navy, Field Facility, New York, New York
09319
Map the distribution of diptera known or suspected to be
human disease vectors, demonstrate infectious agents in wild-
caught vectors, confirm vector capacities by experimental trans-
mission with lab-reared insects, determine the seasonal incidence,
biting behavior and breeding sites of species with high vector
potential. Information is required to develop efficient procedures
for protection of military personnel against disease.
Diptera will be collected from various areas of Ethiopia.
Overlay maps will be prepared to demonstrate the relation of dis-
tribution to topography, climate, and disease prevalance.
Mosquitoes will be referred to the Virology Division for isolation
of arboviruses. Insects will also be examined for filariae and
trypanosomes. Virus-vector relationships will be studied in lab-
reared insects and will include determinations of infection
thresholds, extrinsic incubation periods, virus grwoth and per-
sistence curves, and transmission efficiencies.
4. AQUATIC PEST ECOSYSTEMS
Work has centered exclusively around simulium species and
their role in transmission of onchoceriasis. Seasonal population
density studies on S Damnosum in a lowland area endemic for
onchocerciasis revealed a peak abundance in June, decreasing in
August and September, and little activity during the dry season
(November through May) - microdissections of nearly 2,500 flies
revealed a maximum infection rate (1.75 percent) in August and
September compared to 0.11 percent in June. Thus, maximum
risk of infection occurs midway in the wet season.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Defense - Navy
4.0068, LABORATORY ANALYSIS OF INSECTICIDE EF-
FECTIVENESS AGAINST MEDICALLY IMPORTANT IN-
SECTS
J.H. CROSS, U.S. Navy, Medical Research Unit 02, Taipei,
Republic of China
Technical Objective: Initiate and maintain a surveillance for
medically important insects which are resistant to the commonly
used insecticides in south east asia. This information is required to
guide insect vector control operations in combat areas.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Defense - Navy
4.0069, ECOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF THE
DEVELOPMENT AND FEEDING HABITS OF SIMULIUM
SPP. (BLACK FLIES)
G. FIELD, Univ. of Rhode Island, Agricultural Experiment Sta.,
Kingston, Rhode Island02881 (RI00625)
OBJECTIVE: Determine the natural food of black fly larvae.
Determine the effect of eutrophication of streams on the develop-
ment of black fly larvae. Determine the faunistic relationships of
black fly larvae. Establish a laboratory culture of simuliids.
APPROACH: Field studies: Locate streams in which simu-
liids occur. Determine parameters of the ecological system.
Determine water quality. Laboratory studies: Determine
adequate larval diet. Determine effects of eutrophication by
nitrates and phosphates on larval dietary.
PROGRESS: A number of streams in Washington County
has been surveyed and the greatest concentrations of simuliid lar-
vae have been found in streams receiving mild organic pollution.
Larvae of Simulium vittatum Zett. have been found to be abun-
dant in a stream receiving discharge from a private fish hatchery.
Large populations of chironomid larvae, isopods, and amphipods
are also found in the same stream. Also, there is a large biomass of
aquatic weeds which may be due to the increased productivity of
the stream. Large numbers of black fly larvae have also been
found in waters flowing from eutrophic ponds. Larvae of Simuli-
um decorum Walk, have been found in large numbers in streams
of this nature. Preparations are under way to determine chemical
and physical parameters of streams supporting heavy populations
of larvae. Tests for phosphate, nitrates, total solids have been
worked out.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - C.S.R.S.
4.0070, RESEARCH ON ARTHROPOD-BORNE DISEASES
-I
J. W. WRIGHT, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
The programme of research being undertaken at WHO on
Aedes aegypti and other Stegomyia mosquitos is related to the
transmission of haemorrhagic fever and yellow fever. In the case
of the former, a Research Unit has been established in Bangkok,
Thailand, in which investigations are being undertaken on the
ecology, biology and control of Ae. aegypti and closely related
species with the objective of developing control procedures that
would allow the long-term and emergency control of this disease.
Ecological investigations are now far advanced and a large scale
control programme has been started. In the case of yellow fever,
WHO has established a Research Unit in Dar es Salaam, Tan-
zania, the objectives of which are as follows: (1) determination of
the distribution, density and vectorial potential of Aedes aegypti
in East Africa, (2) investigation of the occurrence and distribu-
tion of other Aedes (Stegomyia) species, particularly those of the
subgenus Stegomyia, (3) study of the genetic relationships
between the populations of Ae. aegypti and their differences in
1-155
465-868 O - 72 - 11
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4. AQUATIC PEST ECOSYSTEMS
morphological characteristics and behaviour patterns, (4) study
of the ecology of the various populations of Ae. aegypti and re-
lated Stegomyia species, and in particular to determine (a) the
larval habitats, (b) the seasonal prevalance, and (c) the preferred
hosts and times of biting in urban, rural and sylvan areas, (5) as-
sessment of the insecticide susceptibility status of Ae. aegypti and
related species, and of methods of chemical control, (6) search
for other methods of control based on biological and autocidal
processes, (7) investigation of the biting habits and vectorial
potential of other species of Aedes. Investigations on items 1,2,3,
4 and 5 are now well advanced, studies will be initiated on item 7
in 1970 and on item 6 in 1971.
SUPPORTED BY
U.S. Dept. of Hlth. Ed. & Wei. -
H.S.M.H.A
A
OF
4.0071, ENTOMOLOGY DEVELOPMENT OF
LIGHTWEIGHT TRAP FOR COLLECTION
MOSQUITOES FOR VIRUS ISOLATION
V.J. TIPTON, U.S. Army, Brooke Gen. Hosp. & Med. Ctr., San
Antonio, Texas 78234
Objective: Development of a lightweight trap for collection
of mosquitoes for virus isolation.
Approach: CDC light trap for collecting mosquitoes has been
modified in such a way as to combine the desirable features of this
trap with those of the Shannon trap. Field testing will compare
available traps which have the capability of collecting mosquitoes
alive.
July 64 thru April 65 several modifications have been made
to the prototype. Field tests have shown the MFSS trap to be su-
perior to other traps available. However, further testing is neces-
sary to determine the optimum size of the trap.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Defense - Army
4.0072, ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPORTANCE OF
FILARIASIS IN THAILAND
C. HARINASUTA, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
To study the prevalence and distribution of filariasis in Thai-
land and assess the public health importance of the infection. To
gather sufficient data on the ecology of the infection to allow ra-
tional control measures to be formulated. This disease is not
acquired in the U.S. and a study of the natural distribution of this
infection in specific areas in Thailand cannot be done elsewhere.
Information would have direct and important military usefulness
if troops were to be placed in those areas of Thailand and may
also have some applicability to situations in other areas.
Study the habits of the mosquito vectors and a search for
animals of the area which may be naturally infested and act as
reservoirs. The existence of an extensive animal reservoir could
nullify control efforts based on mass treatment of the human
population.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Defense - Army
4.0073, AQUATIC & SEMI-AQUATIC DIPTERA STUDIES
S.E. NEFF, Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Agricultural Experi-
ment Sta., Blacksburg, Virginia 24061 (VA-0200074)
OBJECTIVE: Elucidate the ecology and ethology of this im-
portant but poorly known insect Order.
APPROACH: The immature stages of the families
Ephydridae and Sciomyzidae are imcompletely described, and
more information and material is needed for adequate descrip-
tions. Species encountered are to receive thorough anatomical
study, and descriptions of all stages will be prepared. Data con-
cerning oviposition hatching, larval feeding behavior, pupation,
adult emergence and mating are being collected. The effect of
certain environmental factors on these activities will be studied.
Promising predaceous or parasitoid species will be scrutinized as
possible biological control agents against noxious plant and
animal species.
PROGRESS: The life-history of Glyptotendipes (De-
meijerea) atrimanus has been studied. Larvae burrow in the
zooecium of Pectinatella magnifies and feed upon detritus circu-
lated by the bryozoan. Pupae give rise to adults in 3 days after the
pupa's formation and swim free of burrow. Taxonomic placement
of Demeijerea in synonomy with Endochironomus is erroneous;
Demeijerea is allied with Glyptotendipes and should be recog-
nized as a valid subgenus within Glyptotendipes.
SUPPORTED BY Virginia State Government
4.0074, PHOTOPERIOD AND TEMPERATURE EFFECTS
ON DIAPAUSE OF THE MOSQUITO CULISETA INORNATA
R.F. HARWOOD, Washington State University, Agricultural Ex-
periment Sta., Pullman, Washington 99163 (WNP01998)
OBJECTIVE: Perfect laboratory rearing techniques under
various light and temperature conditions; Establish criteria for
recognizing adult diapause; Determine photoperiod and tempera-
ture conditions requisite for diapause; Under diapause determine
cold and heat tolerance; Seek differences in temperature and
photoperiod responses of latitudinally diverse strains.
APPROACH: Test rearing in photoperiod and temperature
controlled cabinets; Diapause criteria assessed by examining
ovarian and fat body condition of females; willingness to blood
feed; fate of blood meals; Determine heat and cold survival in
days for 50% survival (LT/50); Compare latitudinal strains.
PROGRESS: Strains of this mosquito originating from 200
miles N. of Edmonton, Alberta (50 N lat.), and central Washing-
ton (47 N) are under present investigation. The more northemly
group responds to an eight hour photoperiod by developing a
large fat body. Additional photoperiod tests are underway. Con-
tacts have been made to obtain a more southern California strain
(37 N) for comparison.
SUPPORTED BY Washington State Government - Olympia
4.0075, CALIFORNIA ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS IN
WISCONSIN
W.H. THOMPSON, Univ. of Wisconsin, School of Medicine,
Madison, Wisconsin 53706
This research involves surveillance and epidemiologic studies
of California encephalitis, the most common arbovirus disease in
Wisconsin and other upper midwestern states. Serologic and virus
isolation studies will be conducted with diagnostic specimens
received from physicians and pathologists. Clinical histories will
be evaluated for spectrum of disease and possible sequelae.
Serologic studies will be conducted in families of cases and in
other special groups to learn more about the distribution of these
infections. Although the LaCrosse strain so far associated with
disease will be of main concern, comparative studies will be done
with three or more other strains present in the area.
Epidemiologic studies will be conducted around rural and
suburban homes where children have been infected. Serologic
virus isolation and transmissions studies of small forest-dwelling
mammals and insects will be used to search for virus reservoir and
overwintering mechanisms. Sentinel rabbits will be employed to
study the distribution of virus activity and to evaluate control
measures centered on reduction of breeding sites of the main in-
sect vector, Aedes triseriatus.
SUPPORTED BY
U.S. Dept. of Hlth. Ed. & Wei. -
H.S.M.H.A
4C. FISH AND SHELLFISH
4.0076, RENOVATION OF TROUT STREAMS
C.E. HASTINGS, State Game & Fish Commission, Atlanta, Geor-
gia 30334
Procedures: Portions of the following streams were selected
for renovation: Dicks Creek (Tallulah River Watershed),
Tuckaluge Creek, Blood Mountain Creek, Coleman River, Mill
Creek (Tallulah River Watershed), Tate Branch, and Turkey
Creek.
Dicks Creek, Tuckaluge Creek, Blood Mountain Creek, and
Coleman River contain waterfalls which prohibit upstream fish
movement. Mill Creek, Tate Branch, and Turkey Creek require
construction of barriers before renovation. These streams will be
renovated with rotenone or Antimycin A to eradicate existing fish
populations. When feasible, trout will be saved for restocking by
collecting with electrofishing gear prior to renovation.
1-156
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Fish which are removed prior to and during renovation will
be collected to gather information on standing crops, population
dynamics, and life histories of the existing fish populations. Data
which will be collected will include species of fish, numbers of
fish, lengths offish, and weights offish. These data can be used to
calculate length- weight relationships, condition factors, and
standing crops. Scales will be collected to determine age-growth
relationships. Digestive tracts will be collected to determine food
habits. Bottom macrofauna samples will be collected prior to
renovation. These data and the food habit data can be used to
determine forage ratios. Blood Mountain Creek was selected to
determine the ability of brook trout to become re- established in a
stream in a severely damaged watershed due to logging. After
renovation, the streams will be designated preservation streams
for brook trout. They will not be stocked after establishment of
fish populations.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
4.0077, LIFE HISTORY OF ST. JOE RIVER CUTTHROAT
TROUT
J.F. KEATING, State Fish & Game Department, Boise, Idaho
Study Objectives: To study selected life history phases, dis-
tribution, and abundance of cutthroat trout and northern squawf-
ish in the St. Joe River and tributaries in order to provide basic in-
formation needed to develop an improved trout management pro-
gram. To measure and evaluate the physical and biotic habitat of
the St. Joe River drainage as related to the production of fish,
primarily cutthroat trout, to provide basic information needed to
develop an improved trout management program. To assess the
desirability of £ proposed Squoxin (selective squawfish toxicant)
treatment of the St. Joe River, to determine the need for, the ex-
tent and thi imirij of said treatment, and to establish before-and-
after studies to evaluate the treatment.
Job Objectives: To collect and assess selected life history and
ecology data on cuttroat trout in St. Joe River drainage, including
status of populations prevailing growth rates, age and size at
maturity, migrati-m patterns, distribution, abundance, and factors
affecting yield of juveniles in tributary streams. To determine if
introduction of more fry or removal of predator- competitors
from tributary streams results in increased numbers of juvenile
cutthroat rearing in such streams.
Procedures: Beaver Creek, a typical tributary of the upper St.
Joe drainage, will be divided into six sections with rotary drum
screen weirs. Some sections will serve as controls with no fry
added or fish removed. Other sections will be test units with fry
added and/or predator-competitors removed. Evaluation of fry
liberations or fish removals will be made by transect counts offish
rearing in sections plus enumeration of the number of fish which
migrate from the section.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
4.0078, POST-IMPROVEMENT LIMNOLOGICAL-
ANALYSES AND FISH-POPULATION EVALUATIONS OF
CERTAIN STRIP-MINE LAKES IN SOUTHEAST KANSAS
J.C. BASS, State Forest. Fish & Game Corn., Pratt, Kansas 67124
Objective: To determine the method or methods whereby the
greatest quantity of catchable fish may be obtained from previ-
ously non- productive or marginally-productive strip-mine lakes
in Southeast Kansas.
Procedures: 1. Quarterly analyses of pH, transparency, dis-
solved oxygen, ortho- and methaphosphate, nitrate, carbon diox-
ide, boiling- point acidity, total alkalinity, temperature (air and
water), number of benthic organisms per square meter of bottom,
and number of planktonic organisms per liter of original water
sample will be effected on each of twelve strip-mine lakes. 2. The
group of twelve strip-mine lakes represents a variety of chemical-
physical and biological conditions, especially with respect to pH,
planktonic and benthic organisms, and fish populations. Various
lakes have been designated as control lakes, and others are
designated as experimental lakes which have undergone manage-
ment and/or development measures, including liming, waterlevel
changes, fish population eradication and restocking. Lakes in
these various categories will continue to be monitored. The fish
Populations will be studied in designated strip-mine lakes of this
4. AQUATIC PEST ECOSYSTEMS
group, and standing crop, productivity, and growth-rate informa-
tion determined. Specified lakes may undergo fish population
eradication using approved toxicants under state-financed pro-
jects.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
4.0079, A STUDY OF THE INTERACTION OF THREE
SPECIES OF BULLHEAD AND ASSOCIATED GAME FISH
SPECIES IN A SINGLE LAKE
D.E. OLSON, State Div. of Game & Fish, Saint Paul, Minnesota
55101
The objective is to determine intro- and inter-specific rela-
tionships of bullheads and associated game fish species and the ef-
fect of a known level of Bullhead population reduction on the
population structure of the bullhead species and associated game
species and on the quality and catch composition of the sport
fishery.
The lake supports a fishery for walleye, largemouth bass,
panfishes and northern pike and bullheads of the three species
have always been present. Brown and black bullheads have been
present in large enough numbers to warrant intermittent removal
over the past 25 years. A lake survey in 1966 has indicated that
there has been a recent sharp increase in the bullhead population
and a decline in the game fish populations. Adult game fish are
still present in good numbers but reproduction, especially among
centrarchids, appears to have been poor in the past few years.
With the background information on the lake, there is an oppor-
tunity to effect a known level of bullhead removal and evaluate its
effect on both bullheads and associated game species and on the
sport fishery. While considerable information is available on bull-
head life histories, specific information is lacking on the inter-
relationships between the species and between bullheads and as-
sociated game species. Information on these relationships is
needed to properly evaluate the effects of bullhead removal.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
4.0080, FISHERIES INVESTIGATIONS WITH SPECIAL
REFERENCE TO MANAGEMENT OF ECONOMIC SPECIES
C.J. BROWN, Montana State University, Agricultural Experiment
Sta., Bozeman, Montana 59715 (MONB00410)
OBJECTIVE: To supply basic biological information on fish
as a foundation for species management. To secure needed infor-
mation on fish habitat in order to maintain, augment and improve
the habitat. To cooperate with other agencies in the dissemination
of useful knowledge for proper fisheries management.
APPROACH: Life history investigations of unstudied species
by observation and rearing. Species relationship - compatability,
space requirements - by experimentation. Food relationship; food
production through stomach analyses and population studies.
Ranch pond production under different stocking densities - spe-
cies combination, etc. Continue to plot species distribution by
making additional collections in unstudied areas. Fish host-
parasite relations by histological and physiological techniques.
Behavior studies by marking and tracking techniques.
PROGRESS: Projects Completed: 1. Life history, habitat and
distribution of the lake sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens in the
South Saskatchewan River, Alberta. 2. Comparative morphology
and host- parasite studies of Trichophora clarki (N. Sp.) on
cutthroat trout (Salmo clarki). 3. Movement and homing of
cutthroat trout (Salmo clarki) in Bridge and Clear Creeks, Yel-
lowstone National Park. 4. The distribution of sculpins in Mon-
tana.
Projects in Progress: 1. Handbook of Montana Fishes. 2.
Open- water tracking of cutthroat trout (field work complete). 3.
Homing behavior of mountain whitefish. 4. Population dynamics
of stream aquatic insects. 5. The distribution of stoneflies in the
Yellowstone River in relation to bottom types, turbidity, tempera-
ture and chemistry. 6. The distribution of the northern redbelly
dace and fine scale dace in Montana (nearly complete).
1-157
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4. AQUATIC PEST ECOSYSTEMS
SUPPORTED BY Montana State Government - Helena
4 0081 GAME FISH REPRODUCTION AND ROUGH FISH
PROBLEMS IN ELEPHANT BUTTE LAKE
D B JESTER, New Mexico State University, Agricultural Experi-
ment Sta., Las Cruces, New Mexico 88070 (NM00040-SP)
OBJECTIVE: Determine the spawning success of principal
game fish species in order to evaluate the effect of fluctuations of
reservoir water level. Determine population structure and move-
ments of principal rough fish species in order to determine rough
fish control. Evaluate and compare an experimental rough fish
trap and a commercial fishing operation as means of rough fish
control.
APPROACH: A series of nets will be set in areas where
spawning of principal game fish species should occur. Fish will be
examined for eggs, sperm, and flacidity. These data will be used to
determine when and where spawning occurs. Water levels and
temperatures on spawning beds will be recorded. A series of nets,
traps, and stations, will be set to determine population structure
and movements of rough fish in the lake. Records of species,
numbers and weights of rough fish species removed by commer-
cial fishermen will be maintained.
PROGRESS: Evaluation of rough-fish management in
Elephant Butte Lake - including introduction of predators, com-
mercial harvest, and control of water level shows increase from
20 to 48% game fish by weight in 3 years followed by level-off at
45% for 3 years. Age-growth, length-weight relationships, and
condition studies on buffalo, carp, and river carpsucker shows
production to sustain commercial fishing for resource utilization
and enhance sport fishing. Commerical fishing reduced buffalo by
110,000 fish in 5 years. Reduced competition allowed 30,000 in-
crease in river carpsucker in littoral. Introduced walleye and
white bass eat 94% and 78% gizzard shad. Shad catch declined
from 4.9 to 2.0/net-unit in 4 years. Age-growth in 1965 and 1969
show partial relief from stunting. Forage for game fish is highest
use of shad. Introduction of northern pike and striped bass recom-
mended for additional utilization of shad. Hoop, trap, and colored
gill nets tested as commercial harvest methods. Neither hoops nor
traps were efficient baited or unbaited. Clear monofilament
promising. Limnological data contain valuable information per-
taining to life histories and ecologies of rough-fish species. Cya-
nide appeared in the lake in 1969, 3 years after mine effluent spill
400 miles upstream. Coliform bacteria counts correlated with
contact sports.
SUPPORTED BY New Mexico State Government
4.0082, LAKE ONTARIO INTERIM COMPREHENSIVE
FISHERIES MANAGEMENT PLAN
T.M. JOLL1FF, State Dept. of Env. Conserv., Cape Vincent, New
York
Objectives: To continue development of an interim com-
prehensive fisheries management plan for Lake Ontario, to serve
as a baseline or guideline for research and management activities.
Procedures: Planning will continue the work of the period
January 1, 1971 thru March 31, 1971. The comprehensive plan
will encompass historical factors such as the former abundance of
fisheries, their decline, the deterioration of the environment,
present problems, and managerial and research methods needed
to meet present and future challenges.
The comprehensive plan will serve as a tool for the enhance-
ment of both commercial and sport fisheries and related or as-
sociated activities. Factors which will be included in the overall
plan are as follows: Development and management of previously
abundance species offish, management of present species, and in-
troduction and management of new species. Environmental con-
trol involving pollution, water levels, etc., together with as-
sociated limnological studies all aimed at the preservation of
fisheries and related activities. Compilation of catch and fishing
effort statistics. Research on fish stocks, population dynamics and
regulation of catch. Coordination of multi-agency activities, and
computerization of inventory data. The place offish culture in fu-
ture fishery management in Lake Ontario. Special pesticide stu-
dies to permit utilization of fish flesh. Planning in terms of lake
areas, geographical, estuarine, tributary, inshore and deep water
factors, and population center locations.
Information will be taken from historical writings and the
literature in general, available data on the lake, and previously
written plans for Lake Ontario. Plans will be made in collabora-
tion with other agencies, governmental and private, state, provin-
cial and federal, educational and institutional.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish,
4.0083, REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY AND EARLY LIFE
HISTORY OF CYPRINIDS IN EAST AND PAULINA LAKES
J.H. RA YNER, State Fish Commission, Portland, Oregon 97201
P.S. Objectives: To determine the reproductive biology and
early life history of the cyprinid species in East and Paulina Lakes.
Job Objectives: 1. To collect net samples and make direct ob-
servations of spawning fish in both lakes. 2. To artificially incu-
bate chub eggs to observe egg development and early life history
as related to water temperature.
Procedures: Reproductive activity will be monitored through
direct observation on the spawning site. Each lake will have a
constant temperature recording unit at or near a spawning site.
Spawning will be correlated with water temperature. Sex ratios on
the spawning site will be determined by sampling an entire
spawning population. This will be done through the use of circular
throw-nets, rotenone or Fintrol. Fecundity, as a means of deter-
mining reproductive capabilities, will be determine by counting
the eggs per female of a representative sample. Egg deposition
patterns on the spawning site will be determined by sampling at
the spawning site. The spawning sites will be mapped to try to
determine all possible spawning areas.
The egg development period will be determind by observing
development under both artificial and natural conditions. The ar-
tificial incubation system will utilize lake water under as close to
normal conditions as can be maintained. The incubation water
temperature will be monitored to correlate it with the lake tem-
perature under natural conditions. Dissolved oxygen and alkalini-
ty will be determined on a daily basis. Samples of the developing
fish will be studied for developmental characters. Egg develop-
ment under natural conditions will be monitored by observing and
sampling the eggs from an enclosed spawning site. This site will
have a constant temperature unit for monitoring water tempera-
tures. Dissolved oxygen and alkalinity will also be determined
daily throughout the development period. These data from the
natural site will be correlated with the artificial incubation data.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
4.0084, NORTHERN PIKE LIFE HISTORY STUDY
W.P. RUTLEDGE, State Parks & Wildlife Dept., Austin, Texas
78701
Objective: To determine for Northern pike in Texas waters.
Procedures: 1. Northern pike captured by various sampling
devices will be sacrificed and their stomach contents analyzed. 2.
During spawning season, an extensive effort will be made to
gather all types of reproductive data on Northern pike. 3. Move-
ments of Northern pike throughout the year will be monitored
with a tagging program. Scales and vertebrates will be collected.
Age and growth information will be determined from these. 4. All
specimens will be grossly examined for external parasites. Sacri-
ficed specimens will be examined for internal parasites. 5. Litera-
ture review will be conducted.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
4.0085, WALLEYE LIFE HISTORY STUDY
W.P. RUTLEDGE, State Parks & Wildlife Dept., Austin, Texas
78701
Objective: To determine for Northern pike in Texas waters.
Procedures: 1. Walleye captured by various sampling devices
will be sacrificed and their stomach contents analyzed. 2. During
spawning season, an extensive effort will be made to gather all
types of reproductive data on walleye. 3. Movement of walleye
throughout the year will be monitored with a tagging program.
Scales and opercle bones will be collected. Age and growth infor-
mation will be determined from these. 4. All specimens will be
grossly examined for external parasites. Sacrificed specimens will
be examined for internal parasites. 5. Literature review will be
conducted.
1-158
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SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
4 0086 SURVEYS FOR PANFISH CONTROL STUDIES
T BEARD, State Dept. of Nat. Resources, Madison, Wisconsin
Objectives: To survey and eventually select small bodies of
water for new study areas. To initiate preliminary research which
is essential to an understanding of slow-growing panfish problems.
Procedures: A literature review relating to panfish will be
completed under the following general headings: (1) Population
dynamics, (2) Environmental characteristics, (3) Population con-
4. AQUATIC PEST ECOSYSTEMS
trol and (4) Early life history. With guidance from Fish Manage-
ment personnel, survey will be made on selected lakes charac-
terized by fast- and slow- growing panfish, from which lakes will
be selected for subsequent studies on panfish control. A detailed
study proposal concerning the factors affecting the early life his-
tory of bluegills will be completed. A preliminary study of perch
early life history will be made. Assistance will be given Fish
Management personnel in investigations concerning slow-grow-
ing panfish and observations will be made of chemical reclama-
tion operations.
SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
1-159
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SUBJECT INDEX
Absorption and Translocation
Animal Pests
Oral
THE UPTAKE OF AND BIOLOGICAL RESPONSES TO
AROCLORS IN CHANNEL CATFISH ...1.0267
Foliar
FATE OF HERBICIDES IN PLANTS AND SOILS ...1.0095
EXPANDED AQUATIC PLANT CONTROL PROJECT ...2.0146
Plant -other
CONTROL OF WEEDS IN AGRONOMIC AND VEGETABLE
CROPS WITH HERBICIDES ...1.0025
FATE OF INSECTICIDES IN SOIL AND THEIR MOVEMENT IN
WATER AND CROPS ...1.0111
COMPARATIVE EFFECTS OF WEED COMPETITION, HERBI-
CIDES AND OTHER WEED CONTROL PRACTICES ON
PLANT RESPONSE ...1.0145
EFFECT OF HERBICIDES ON AN AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT
...1.0319
EXPANDED AQUATIC PLANT CONTROL PROJECT ...2.0146
METHODS FOR CONTROLLING ALLIGATORWEED AND
OTHER WEEDS IN CANALS, WATERWAYS, AND AD-
JACENT WATERS IN THE SOUTHEASTERN U. S. ...2.0186
Root
RESIDUES OF SELECTED PESTICIDES IN PLANTS, ANIMALS,
AND THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT ...1.0019
HERBICIDE EQUILIBRIA OF LATOSOLIC SOIL ...1.0035
SOILS, PESTICIDES AND THE QUALITY OF WATER ...1.0061
COMPARATIVE EFFECTS OF WEED COMPETITION, HERBI-
CIDES AND OTHER WEED CONTROL PRACTICES ON
PLANT RESPONSE ...1.0145
EXPANDED AQUATIC PLANT CONTROL PROJECT ...2.0146
Accumulation Rates -pesticides
Environment Accumulation Rates
WATER YIELD IN THE CHAPARRAL AND WOODLAND
ZONE OF THE SOUTHWEST ...1.0005
PESTICIDE RESIDUES ON ARIZONA CROPS ...1.0007
EFFICIENCY AND HAZARDS OF RESIDUAL HERBICIDES IN
SOILS UNDER IRRIGATION. ...1.0010
REACTIONS OF PESTICIDES WITH SOILS IN RELATION TO
SOIL PRODUCTIVITY IN THE SOUTHWEST ...1.0021
DISPOSITION OF PESTICIDES IN THE SOIL ...1.0031
PESTICIDE POLLUTION OF FARMSTEAD WATER SUPPLIES
IN THE SOUTHEAST ...1.0032
HERBICIDE EQUILIBRIA OF LATOSOLIC SOIL ...1.0035
REMOVAL OF CONTAMINANTS FROM RURAL WATER SUP-
PLIES ...1.0047
CHEMICAL CONTAMINANTS IN SOIL AND WATER RUNOFF
IN NEW ENGLAND ...1.0051
PESTICIDE POLLUTION OF FARMSTEAD WATER SUPPLIES
IN THE NORTHEAST ...1.0052
BEHAVIOR OF PESTICIDES AND POLLUTANTS IN SOIL,
WATER, AND PLANTS ...1.0053
CONTROL OF PESTICIDES IN SOIL AND WATER ...1.0054
PERSISTENCE, ACCUMULATION AND FATE OF PESTICIDES
IN CRANBERRY SOILS AND RESERVOIRS ...1.0055
PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN ENVIRONMENT AND EFFECTS ON
MARKETING AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES ...1.0062
PESTICIDAL RESIDUES OF AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS
...1.0063
AN EVALUATION OF THE INSECTICIDE 'SEVIN1 AS A
WATERSHED POLLUTANT ...1.0067
MOVEMENT OF HERBICIDES OFF, INTO AND THROUGH
SOILS ...1.0071
FATE OF HERBICIDES IN PLANTS AND SOILS ...1.0095
MOVEMENT OF INSECTICIDES IN SOIL AND WATER ...1.0098
MOVEMENT OF HERBICIDES IN SOIL, SURFACE WATER
AND UNDERGROUND WATER ...1.0099
IMPACT ON MAN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION
CAUSED BY LEAD ...1.0123
EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON ESTUARINE PRODUCTIVITY
...1.0133
PESTICIDE MONITORING PROGRAM LAKE MICHIGAN
...1.0143
THE FATE OF SELECT PESTICIDES IN THE AQUATIC EN-
VIRONMENT ...1.0144
RESEARCH INITIATION FATE OF SELECTED OR-
GANOPHOSPHATE AND CARBAMATE INSECTICIDES IN
SURFACE WATERS ...1.0146
GEOGRAPHIC ATLAS OF PESTICIDE OCCURRENCE IN THE
BARATARIA BAY-MISSISSIPPI DELTA ...1.0152
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SEDIMENTS
...1.0170
SORPTION AND DESORPTION OF CHLORINATED
HYDROCARBON PESTICIDES IN AQUATIC SEDIMENT
MINERALS ...1.0181
CONTAMINATION OF SURFACE AND GROUND WATER
WITH INSECTICIDES AND HERBICIDES APPLIED TO CUL-
TIVATED CROPS ...1.0189
TRANSFER OF PESTICIDES THROUGH WATER, SEDIMENTS,
AND AQUATIC LIFE ...1.0201
OCCURRENCE OF PESTICIDES IN AQUATIC ENVIRON-
MENTS ...1.0219
INSECTICIDE ADSORPTION BY LAKE SEDIMENTS AS A FAC-
TOR CONTROLLING INSECTICIDE ACCUMULATION IN
LAKES ...1.0223
INSECTICIDE ADSORPTION BY LAKE SEDIMENTS AS A FAC-
TOR CONTROLLING INSECTICIDE ACCUMULATION IN
LAKES ...1.0224
THE CHEMISTRY AND TOXICOLOGY OF AGRICULTURAL
CHEMICALS ...1.0322
IMPACT OF PESTICIDES UPON SEMI-WILD ECOSYSTEMS
...1.0335
ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY OF PESTICIDES ...1.0361
CHEMICAL BIOC1DES IN LAKES ...1.0364
THE EFFECT OF PESTICIDES ON AN ECOSYSTEM ...1.0365
AQUATIC PLANT CONTROL ...2.0128
THE INFLUENCE OF HERBICIDES USED ON HORTICUL-
TURAL CROPS ON STREAM ECOLOGY ...2.0150
RESPONSE OF PLANT COMMUNITIES TO SUSTAINED USE
OF HERBICIDES ...2.0161
Tissue Accumulation Rates
PESTICIDE RESIDUES ON ARIZONA CROPS ...1.0007
THE CYCLING OF CL-36 LABELED DDT IN NATURAL
ECOSYSTEMS ...1.0078
2-1
-------
Accumulation Rates -pesticides
FATE OF HERBICIDES IN PLANTS AND SOILS ...1.0095
HERBICIDE RESIDUES IN IRRIGATION WATER AND IN
CROPS AND SOILS IRRIGATED WITH TREATED WATER
1.0107
METABOLISM OF ENDRIN IN PONDS ...1.0113
LIMNOLOG1CAL FACTORS AFFECTING PESTICIDE
RESIDUES IN SURFACE WATERS ...1.0149
RELATION OF AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES TO WATER
QUALITY IN NORTH APPALACHIAN REGION ...1.0194
EFFECT OF HERBICIDES ON AN AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT
...1.0228
EFFECT OF ENDRIN ON EGG-SPERM FORMATION AND
EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT ...1.0229
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN SUB-LETHAL PESTICIDES AND
REPRODUCTION AND BEHAVIOR OF FISHES ...1.0245
CONTAMINATION OF CHANNEL CATFISH WITH D1ELDRIN
FROM AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF ...1.0247
BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN
FISH ...1.0261
CHRONIC EFFECTS OF DURSBAN ON WARM-WATER FISH
...1.0282
EARLY SQUAMATION OF BLUEGILL (LEPOMIS
MACROCHIRUS) AND FATHEAD MINNOWS (PIMEPHALES
PROMELAS) EXPOSED TO AROCLORS ...1.0286
CHRONIC TOXICITY OF PESTICIDES TO FISH ...1.0287
PESTICIDE EFFECTS ON FISH ENDOCRINE FUNCTIONS
...1.0288
UPTAKE AND METABOLISM BY FISH OF 2,4-D DIMETHYL
AMINE SALT ...1.0293
RESIDUES OF TFM IN FISH-LA CROSSE ...1.0315
IMPACT OF PESTICIDES UPON SEMI-WILD ECOSYSTEMS
.1.0335
MECHANISMS OF PESTICIDE ACCUMULATION IN AQUATIC
ORGANISMS ...1.0338
TRACE LEVELS OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN AGRICUL-
TURAL COMMODITIES IN MARKETING CHANNELS
...1.0344
SELECTED PESTICIDES IN AQUATIC FUNGI IN THE THREE
RIVERS AREA ...1.0345
POND ECOLOGY AND PRODUCTION AS AFFECTED BY
SIMAZINE ...1.0353
PREVENTION OF PESTICIDE POLLUTION FROM COASTAL
INSECT CONTROL PROGRAMS ...1.0358
THE EFFECT OF PESTICIDES ON AN ECOSYSTEM ...1.0365
THE EFFECTS OF ANTIMYCIN A ON THE METABOLISM OF
SELECTED TISSUES IN FISH (ABBREV) ...2.0262
Acetone
CONTROL OF HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL SPILLS BY PHYSI-
CAL BARRIERS ...1.0086
SUBJECT INDEX
Adenylic Acid
THE NUTRITION AND BEHAVIOR OF MOSQUITOES ...4.0033
Adsorption
ELECTROPHORET7C CLARIFICATION OF WATER ...1.0211
Air Environment
Acids -nonspecific
ORGANIC SUBSTANCES IN WATER ...1.0119
ENZYMES FOR ANALYSIS AND PURIFICATION OF SALINE
WATER SYSTEMS ...1.0153
Acoustics
EFFECT OF ULTRASONIC ENERGY ON AQUATIC PLANTS
...2.0096
Acriflavine
MULTIPLICATION OF ENTERIC VIRUSES IN SHELLFISH
...3.0069
Adenosine Triphosphate
PHYSIOLOGIC RESPONSE OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS TO
POLLUTANTS ...1.0260
THE EFFECT OF PESTICIDES ON PRIMARY PRODUCERS IN
A FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEM ...1.03SO
ATMOSPHERIC CONSTITUENTS OF THE TERRESTRIAL-TYPE
PLANETS .4.0007
Air Pollution
VOLATILIZATION LOSSES OF PESTICIDES FROM SOILS
...1.0016
REDUCTION OF HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH RESIDUES OF
INSECTICIDAL CHEMICALS IN THE ENVIRONMENT
...1.0037
REDUCTION OF PESTICIDE RESIDUE HAZARDS ...1.0040
REDUCTION OF RESIDUES OF INSECTICIDAL CHEMICALS
IN THE ENVIRONMENT ...1.0046
WATER AND SOIL POLLUTION BY FARM CHEMICALS IN
THE LOWER MISSISSIPPI DELTA ...1.0050
IMPACT ON MAN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION
CAUSED BY LEAD ...1.0123
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS IN THE SURVIVAL OF MAN
.1.0132
A STUDY PROGRAM TO IDENTIFY PROBLEMS RELATED TO
OCEANIC ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY NORTH ATLAN-
TIC ...1.0140
STUDY OF METHODS FOR REDUCING WATER POLLUTION
FROM STORM SEWER AND COMBINATION DISCHARGES
THROUGH DEFINED PUBLIC WORKS PRACTICES ...1.0142
A STUDY PROGRAM TO IDENTIFY PROBLEMS RELATED TO
OCEANIC ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY - NORTH ATLAN-
TIC ...1.0158
CENTER FOR STUDY OF THE HUMAN ENVIRONMENT
...1.0190
DDT IN SNOW FALLEN AT HIGH ALTITUDE SINCE 1950
...1.0214
PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN OR ON RAW AGRICULTURAL COM-
MODITIES ...1.0306
ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY OF PESTICIDES ...1.0361
SYNTHETIC INSECT CONTROL AGENTS, GAINESVILLE
...2.0028
Alabama
IDENTIFICATION OF PARASITES AND DISEASES EFFECTING
MARICULTURE SPECIES ...3.0037
Alaska
DDT IN SNOW FALLEN AT HIGH ALTITUDE SINCE 1950
...1.0214
EMERGENCY INSECT CONTROL MEASURES FOR ALASKA
...2.0002
Alcohols
CONTROL OF HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL SPILLS BY PHYSI-
CAL BARRIERS ...1.0086
ENZYMES FOR ANALYSIS AND PURIFICATION OF SALINE
WATER SYSTEMS ...1.0153
DEEPWATER PILOT PLANT-ENGINEERING AND INTERCEP-
TOR FEASIBILITY ...1.0183
DEEPWATER PILOT PLANT ENGINEERING AND INTERCEP-
TOR FEASIBILITY STUDY ...1.0184
Aldehydes
SOILS, PESTICIDES, AND THE QUALITY OF WATER ...1.0103
2-2
-------
SUBJECT INDEX
ENTOMOLOGICAL PESTS OF VEGETABLE CROPS ...2.0288
Algae - Chlorophyta
Charophyceae
Chara
EFFECT OF ULTRASONIC ENERGY ON AQUATIC PLANTS
...2.0096
CONTROL OF WEEDS AND CERTAIN OTHER AQUATIC
PESTS IN THE PACIFIC SOUTHWEST ...2.0101
THE USE OF NUTRIA, WATER BOWL AND GRASS CARP FOR
THE CONTROL OF SUBMERGENT PLANTS ...2.0130
ECOLOGY OF SELECTED SUBMERSED AQUATIC WEEDS
...4.0024
Charophyceae
MOSQUITO PATHOGENS AS POTENTIAL CONTROL AGENTS
...2.0019
Chlorophyceae
ChloreUa
CONTROL OF AQUATIC WEEDS BY USE OF N2-CO2-HE
LASER SYSTEMS ...2.0091
Chlorophyceae -nonspecific
TO CHARACTERIZE PATHOGENS OF MOSQUITOES ...2.0007
IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MOSQUITO
PATHOGENS ...2.0020
Chlorophyceae -other
A STUDY OF INHIBITORY COMPOUNDS PRODUCED BY
FRESH-WATER ALGAE ...2.0138
STUDIES IN PHYSIOLOGY ECOLOGY AND LIFE HISTORIES
OF ALGAE ...4.0022
Cladophora
PESTICIDE RESIDUES ON ARIZONA CROPS ...1.0007
CONTROL OF AQUATIC WEEDS BY USE OF N2-CO2-HE
LASER SYSTEMS ...2.0091
CONTROL OF WEEDS AND CERTAIN OTHER AQUATIC
PESTS IN THE PACIFIC SOUTHWEST ...2.0101
Chlorophyta
MOSQUITO PATHOGENS AS POTENTIAL CONTROL AGENTS
...2.0019
THE ROLE OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF
NUISANCE GROWTHS ...2.0174
FIELD INVESTIGATION OF THE SUBMERSED AQUATIC EN-
VIRONMENT ...4.0003
Algae - Chrysophyta
Bacillariophyceae
MICROBIOLOGY OF FARM PONDS ...1.0220
THE ROLE OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF
NUISANCE GROWTHS ...2.0174
Chrysophyceae
Ochromonas
EVALUATION OF SOME ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
CAUSING ALGAL BLOOMS ...2.0165
Algae - Cyanophyta
THE EFFECT OF PESTICIDES ON PRIMARY PRODUCERS IN
A FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEM ...1.0350
INTERCEPTION AND DEGRADATION OF PESTICIDES BY
AQUATIC ALGAE ...1.0363
TO CHARACTERIZE PATHOGENS OF MOSQUITOES ...2.0007
MOSQUITO PATHOGENS AS POTENTIAL CONTROL AGENTS
...2.0019
IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MOSQUITO
PATHOGENS ...2.0020
DEVELOP A SELECTIVE ALGACIDE TO CONTROL
NUISANCE ALGAL GROWTH ...2.0151
Algae -nonspecific
THE ROLE OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF
NUISANCE GROWTHS ...2.0174
FIELD INVESTIGATION OF THE SUBMERSED AQUATIC EN-
VIRONMENT ...4.0003
ATMOSPHERIC CONSTITUENTS OF THE TERRESTRIAL-TYPE
PLANETS ...4.0007
Cyanophyceae
Anabaena
LYSIS OF BLUE-GREEN ALGAE BY BACTERIAL ENZYMES
AND THEIR POSSIBLE USE IN CONTROLLING ALGAL
BLOOMS ...2.0184
Chroococcaceae
DYNAMICS OF ALGAE POPULATIONS IN FARM FISH PONDS
...2.0094
LYSIS OF BLUE-GREEN ALGAE BY BACTERIAL ENZYMES
AND THEIR POSSIBLE USE IN CONTROLLING ALGAL
BLOOMS . .2.0184
Oscillatoria
DYNAMICS OF ALGAE POPULATIONS IN FARM FISH PONDS
...2.0094
Cyanophyta -other
DYNAMICS OF ALGAE POPULATIONS IN FARM FISH PONDS
...2.0094
STUDIES IN PHYSIOLOGY ECOLOGY AND LIFE HISTORIES
OF ALGAE ...4.0022
Algae - Rhodophyta
Chondrus
STUDIES IN PHYSIOLOGY ECOLOGY AND LIFE HISTORIES
OF ALGAE ...4.0022
Algae -nonspecific
RESIDUES OF SELECTED PESTICIDES IN PLANTS, ANIMALS.
AND THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT ...1.0019
PERSISTENCE, ACCUMULATION AND FATE OF PESTICIDES
IN CRANBERRY SOILS AND RESERVOIRS ...1.0055
GREEN BAY RESEARCH PROGRAM ...1.0112
PESTICIDE MONITORING PROGRAM LAKE MICHIGAN
...1.0143
ALGAL FOODS OF SHELLFISH (MICROORGANISMS AFFECT-
ING SHELLFISH PROGRAM) ...1.0326
THE FATE OF SELECT PESTICIDES IN THE AQUATIC EN-
VIRONMENT ...1.0330
AN INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECTS OF DDT AND OTHER
CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS ON THE GROWTH OF
EURYHALINE MICROALGAE ...1.0336
ECOLOGY OF PESTICIDES IN AN AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM
...1.0339
INTERACTION BETWEEN MICROORGANISMS AND PESTI-
CIDES . .1.0351
BIODEGRADATION OF PESTICIDES IN A FRESHWATER
ECOSYSTEM INTERACTION BETWEEN MICROORGAN-
ISMS AND PESTICIDES ...1.0352
STUDY ON THE EFFECTS OF FISH TOXICANTS ANTIMYCIN
A AND ROTENONE ON POND COMMUNITIES ...1.0366
MOSQUITOES IN RELATION TO AGRICULTURAL PRODUC-
TION AND VETERINARY SCIENCE ...2.0062
DYNAMICS OF ALGAE POPULATIONS IN FARM FISH PONDS
...2.0094
INFLUENCE OF PESTICIDES & OTHER HYDROCARBONS ON
GROWTH OF EURYTOLERANT MICROALGAE ...2.0148
ALGAE CONTROL BY ARTIFICIAL MIXING IN LAKE
COCHITUATE ...2.0149
THE INFLUENCE OF HERBICIDES USED ON HORTICUL-
TURAL CROPS ON STREAM ECOLOGY ...2.0150
EUTROPHICATION
...2.0168
EUTROPHICATION
GRAZERS ...2.0170
EUTROPHICATION
...2.0171
EFFECT OF FLOW AUGMENTATION
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL USING
PHYSICAL ECOLOGICAL CONTROL
2-3
-------
Algae -nonspecific
SUBJECT INDEX
EUTROPH1CATION PILOT OPERATIONS ...2.0172
NUISANCE ALGAL GROWTH RELATED TO ENVIRONMEN-
TAL FACTORS ...2.0180
MARINE FISHERIES SYMBIOSIS AND PARASITISM -
RESEARCH ..3.0055
THE EFFECT OF POLLUTION ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF LPP
PHYCO-VIRUSES IN RELATION TO POLLUTION OF THE
CHRISTINA RIVER ...4.0004
EUTROPHICATION OF IOWA LAKES AND STREAMS ...4.0008
OCCURRENCE OF FILAMENTOUS SLIMES ORGANISMS
BELOW OUTFALLS ...4.0009
AN INVESTIGATION OF THE CAUSES, EFFECTS, AND CON-
TROL OF EUTROPHICATION IN MAINE LAKES ...4.0011
NUTRIENT CONTROL PROJECT - DETROIT LAKES, MIN-
NESOTA ...4.0015
A STUDY OF ALGAL POPULATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH DIF-
FERENT LEVELS OF WATER QUALITY IN NEW
HAMPSHIRE ...4.0018
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN WATER QUALITY AND PLANT
GROWTH IN PONDS ...4.0019
A PROPOSAL TO STUDY PHOSPHATE INDUCED ALGAL
GROWTH IN ORDER TO SUPPRESS OR ELIMINATE THIS
PHENOMENA ...4.0021
EFFECTS OF EUTROPHICATION ON AQUATIC VEGETATION
- PHASE II ...4.0023
Algal Physiology
Environment
ALGAL FOODS OF SHELLFISH (MICROORGANISMS AFFECT-
ING SHELLFISH PROGRAM) ...1.0326
AQUATIC PEST CONTROL ...2.0112
INFLUENCE OF PESTICIDES & OTHER HYDROCARBONS ON
GROWTH OF EURYTOLERANT MICROALGAE ...2.0148
EVALUATION OF SOME ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
CAUSING ALGAL BLOOMS ...2.0165
EUTROPHICATION - EFFECT OF FLOW AUGMENTATION
...2.0168
EUTROPHICATION - PHYSICAL ECOLOGICAL CONTROL
...2.0171
NUISANCE ALGAL GROWTH RELATED TO ENVIRONMEN-
TAL FACTORS ...2.0180
ATMOSPHERIC CONSTITUENTS OF THE TERRESTRIAL-TYPE
PLANETS ...4.0007
EUTROPHICATION OF IOWA LAKES AND STREAMS ...4.0008
AN INVESTIGATION OF THE CAUSES, EFFECTS, AND CON-
TROL OF EUTROPHICATION IN MAINE LAKES ...4.0011
EFFECTS OF EUTROPHICATION ON AQUATIC VEGETATION
- PHASE II ...4.0023
Growth and Differentiation
AN INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECTS OF DDT AND OTHER
CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS ON THE GROWTH OF
EURYHALINE MICROALGAE ...1.0336
INFLUENCE OF PESTICIDES & OTHER HYDROCARBONS ON
GROWTH OF EURYTOLERANT MICROALGAE ...2.0148
EVALUATION OF SOME ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
CAUSING ALGAL BLOOMS ...2.0165
INTERACTIONS BETWEEN AQUATIC PLANTS AND SEWAGE
EFFLUENT 4.0001
A PROPOSAL TO STUDY PHOSPHATE INDUCED ALGAL
GROWTH IN ORDER TO SUPPRESS OR ELIMINATE THIS
PHENOMENA ...4.0021
STUDIES IN PHYSIOLOGY ECOLOGY AND LIFE HISTORIES
OF ALGAE ...4.0022
Metabolism
Chemicals -algacides
AN INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECTS OF DDT AND OTHER
CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS ON THE GROWTH OF
EURYHALINE MICROALGAE ...1.0336
TOXICOLOGY OF PESTICIDES IN THE ENVIRONMENT
...1.0360
INTERCEPTION AND DEGRADATION OF PESTICIDES BY
AQUATIC ALGAE ..1.0363
INFLUENCE OF PESTICIDES & OTHER HYDROCARBONS ON
GROWTH OF EURYTOLERANT MICROALGAE ...2.0148
STUDIES IN PHYSIOLOGY ECOLOGY AND LIFE HISTORIES
OF ALGAE ...4.0022
Enzymes
LYSIS OF BLUE-GREEN ALGAE BY BACTERIAL ENZYMES
AND THEIR POSSIBLE USE IN CONTROLLING ALGAL
BLOOMS ...2.0184
Nitrogen Fixation
GREEN BAY RESEARCH PROGRAM ...1.0112
Nutrition Studies
AQUATIC PEST CONTROL ...2.0112
THE ROLE OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF
NUISANCE GROWTHS ...2.0174
NUISANCE ALGAL GROWTH RELATED TO ENVTOONMEN-
TAL FACTORS ...2.0180
FIELD INVESTIGATION OF THE SUBMERSED AQUATIC EN-
VIRONMENT ...4.0003
AN INVESTIGATION OF THE CAUSES, EFFECTS, AND CON-
TROL OF EUTROPHICATION IN MAINE LAKES ...4.0011
PHYTOPLANKTON NUTRITION AND PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN
EUTROPHIC LAKES ...4.0016
A STUDY OF ALGAL POPULATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH DIF-
FERENT LEVELS OF WATER QUALITY IN NEW
HAMPSHIRE ...4.0018
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN WATER QUALITY AND PLANT
GROWTH IN PONDS ...4.0019
Protein
A STUDY OF INHIBITORY COMPOUNDS PRODUCED BY
FRESH-WATER ALGAE ...2.0138
Respiration
ATMOSPHERIC CONSTITUENTS OF THE TERRESTRIAL-TYPE
PLANETS ...4.0007
Pathological Physiology
A CRITICAL TEST OF METHODS FOR ISOLATION OF
VIRUSES FOR USE IN CONTROL OF NUISANCE ALGAE
...2.0133
Photosynthesis
AN INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECTS OF DDT AND OTHER
CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS ON THE GROWTH OF
EURYHALINE MICROALGAE ...1.0336
THE EFFECT OF PESTICIDES ON PRIMARY PRODUCERS IN
A FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEM ...1.0350
MASS MORTALITY OF PACIFIC OYSTERS ALONG THE
WASHINGTON COAST ...3.0082
PHYTOPLANKTON NUTRITION AND PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN
EUTROPHIC LAKES ...4.0016
Reproductive Physiology
STUDIES IN PHYSIOLOGY ECOLOGY AND LIFE HISTORIES
OF ALGAE ...4.0022
Alkali Metals
Potassium
PROPERTIES OF TILE DRAINAGE WATER ...1.0045
TRANSLOCATION OF PESTICIDES FROM CRANBERRY BOGS
TO THEIR SURROUNDINGS ...1.0056
PESTICIDE EFFECTS ON FISH ENDOCRINE FUNCTIONS
...1.0269
SERUM ANALYSIS OF CUTTHROAT TROUT EXPOSED
CHRONICALLY TO METHOXYCHLOR PESTICIDE EFFECTS
ON FISH ENDOCRINE FUNCTIONS ...1.0273
DYNAMICS OF ALGAE POPULATIONS IN FARM FISH PONDS
...2.0094
THE EFFECTS OF TFM ON THE BLOOD CHEMISTRY OF
FISHES ...2.0252
THE EFFECTS OF THANITE ON THE INORGANIC BLOOD
CHEMISTRIES OF FISHES ...2.0253
MUCUS & FRESHWATER OSMOREGULATION W
ANADROMOUS FISHES & RELATIONSHIPS TO MORTALI-
TIES IN THE ALEWIFE ...3.0106
THE ECOLOGY OF SELECTED SUBMERSED AQUATIC
WEEDS ...4.0020
2-4
-------
SUBJECT INDEX
Amino Acids
Sodium
PESTICIDE MOBILITY AND DEGRADATION IN SOIL-WATER
SYSTEMS ...1.0006
PESTICIDE MOBILITY AND DEGRADATION IN SOIL-WATER
SYSTEMS ...1.0013
TRANSLOCATION OF PESTICIDES FROM CRANBERRY BOGS
TO THEIR SURROUNDINGS ...1.0056
PHYSIOLOGIC RESPONSE OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS TO
POLLUTANTS ...1.0260
PESTICIDE EFFECTS ON FISH ENDOCRINE FUNCTIONS
...1.0269
SERUM ANALYSIS OF CUTTHROAT TROUT EXPOSED
CHRONICALLY TO METHOXYCHLOR PESTICIDE EFFECTS
ON FISH ENDOCRINE FUNCTIONS ...1.0273
STUDIES IN SOILS, CROPS, WATER MANAGEMENT AND
WEED CONTROL UNDER IRRIGATED CONDITIONS
...2.0159
THE EFFECTS OF TFM ON THE BLOOD CHEMISTRY OF
FISHES ...2.0252
THE EFFECTS OF THANITE ON THE INORGANIC BLOOD
CHEMISTRIES OF FISHES ...2.0253
MUCUS & FRESHWATER OSMOREGULATION IN
ANADROMOUS FISHES & RELATIONSHIPS TO MORTALI-
TIES IN THE ALEWIFE ...3.0106
Alkaline Earths
Calcium
PESTICIDE MOBILITY AND DEGRADATION IN SOIL-WATER
SYSTEMS ...1.0006
PESTICIDE MOBILITY AND DEGRADATION IN SOIL-WATER
SYSTEMS ...1.0013
BEHAVIOR OF SPECIFIC HERBICIDES IN PLANTS AND SOILS
...1.0081
MODE OF ACTION, TOX1CITY, AND FACTORS INFLUENC-
ING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF FUNGICIDES ...1.0082
EFFECTS OF CHEMICAL IMPURITIES IN WATER DISINFEC-
TION BY HALOGENS ...1.0155
PESTICIDE EFFECTS ON FISH ENDOCRINE FUNCTIONS
...1.0269
SERUM ANALYSIS OF CUTTHROAT TROUT EXPOSED
CHRONICALLY TO METHOXYCHLOR PESTICIDE EFFECTS
ON FISH ENDOCRINE FUNCTIONS ...1.0273
MINERAL IMBALANCE IN BLUEG1LLS EXPOSED TO
MALATHION PESTICIDE-INDUCED MINERAL IMBALANCE
IN FISH ...1.0292
BIOCHEMICAL EFFECTS OF TOXIC CHEMICALS ...1.0303
GROWTH REGULATORS AND MINERAL NUTRITION IN
AQUATIC PLANT CONTROL ...2.0134
THE EFFECTS OF TFM ON THE BLOOD CHEMISTRY OF
FISHES ...2.0252
THE EFFECTS OF THANITE ON THE INORGANIC BLOOD
CHEMISTRIES OF FISHES ...2.0253
MUCUS & FRESHWATER OSMOREGULATION IN
ANADROMOUS FISHES & RELATIONSHIPS TO MORTALI-
TIES IN THE ALEWIFE ...3.0106
THE ECOLOGY OF SELECTED SUBMERSED AQUATIC
WEEDS ...4.0014
Magnesium
PESTICIDE MOBILITY AND DEGRADATION IN SOIL-WATER
SYSTEMS ...1.0006
MODE OF ACTION OF INSECTICIDES AS RELATED TO IN-
SECT METABOLISM AND BEHAVIOR ...1.0266
PESTICIDE EFFECTS ON FISH ENDOCRINE FUNCTIONS
...1.0269
MINERAL IMBALANCE IN BLUEGILLS EXPOSED TO
MALATHION PESTICIDE-INDUCED MINERAL IMBALANCE
IN FISH ...1.0292
STUDIES IN SOILS, CROPS, WATER MANAGEMENT AND
WEED CONTROL UNDER IRRIGATED CONDITIONS
...2.0159
THE EFFECTS OF TFM ON THE BLOOD CHEMISTRY OF
FISHES ...2.0252
THE EFFECTS OF THANITE ON THE INORGANIC BLOOD
CHEMISTRIES OF FISHES ...2.0253
Alkaline Soil -see Saline Soil
OCCURRENCE AND BIONOMICS OF BLOODSUCKING
MIDGES (DIPTERA: CERATOPOGONIDAE) IN IOWA
...4.0056
Alkaloids
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF ARTHROPOD PESTS OF
LIVESTOCK ...2.0057
Alternative Planning
GREEN BAY RESEARCH PROGRAM ...1.0112
Amide
SOILS, PESTICIDES, AND THE QUALITY OF WATER ...1.0103
Amines
SOILS, PESTICIDES, AND THE QUALITY OF WATER ...1.0103
ENZYMES FOR ANALYSIS AND PURIFICATION OF SALINE
WATER SYSTEMS ...1.0153
Acetylcholine
COMPARISON OF METHODS USED TO MEASURE ESTERASE
ACTIVITY. INTERACTIONS BETWEEN PESTICIDES ON
FISH ENZYME SYSTEMS ...1.0274
MINERAL IMBALANCE IN BLUEGILLS EXPOSED TO
MALATHION PESTICIDE-INDUCED MINERAL IMBALANCE
IN FISH ...1.0292
Aminobutyric Acid
DEVELOPMENT OF AN ORALLY EFFECTIVE INSECT REPEL-
LENT ...4.0051
Catecholamines
PHYSIOLOGIC RESPONSE OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS TO
POLLUTANTS ...1.0260
IN VIVO AND IN VITRO STUDIES ON THE MODE OF ACTION
OF TFM ...2.0250
Amino Acids
PESTICIDE EFFECTS ON FISH ENDOCRINE FUNCTIONS
...1.0269
SERUM ANALYSIS OF CUTTHROAT TROUT EXPOSED
CHRONICALLY TO METHOXYCHLOR PESTICIDE EFFECTS
ON FISH ENDOCRINE FUNCTIONS ...1.0273
PESTICIDE EFFECTS ON NITROGEN METABOLISM IN
TELEOSTS ...1.0289
PESTICIDE EFFECTS ON NITROGEN METABOLISM IN
TELEOSTS ...1.0290
BIOCHEMICAL EFFECTS OF TOXIC CHEMICALS ...1.0303
GROWTH REGULATORS AND MINERAL NUTRITION IN
AQUATIC PLANT CONTROL ...2.0134
EVALUATION OF SOME ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
CAUSING ALGAL BLOOMS ...2.0165
THE NUTRITION AND BEHAVIOR OF MOSQUITOES ...4.0033
Creatine
SERUM ANALYSIS OF CUTTHROAT TROUT EXPOSED
CHRONICALLY TO METHOXYCHLOR PESTICIDE EFFECTS
ON FISH ENDOCRINE FUNCTIONS ...1.0273
Leucine
CONTROL OF WEEDS IN AGRONOMIC AND VEGETABLE
CROPS WITH HERBICIDES ...1.0025
Tryptophane
RESIDUES OF TFM IN FISH-LA CROSSE ...1.0315
2-5
-------
Amphibians
SUBJECT INDEX
Amphibians
RESIDUES OF SELECTED PESTICIDES IN PLANTS, ANIMALS,
AND THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT ...1.0019
FACTORS AFFECTING PESTICIDE TOXICITY ...1.0255
DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY OF PENNSYLVANIA SALA-
MANDERS ...2.0080
DEVELOPMENT OF METHODS FOR COMMERCIAL PRODUC-
TION OF FROG LEGS FROM TADPOLES OF THE BULL-
FROG ...3.0028
Mutabilia
DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY OF PENNSYLVANIA SALA-
MANDERS ...2.0080
Rana
RESEARCH AND DEVELOP-
MOSQUITO INVESTIGATIONS
MENT ...2.0060
DEVELOPMENT OF METHODS FOR COMMERCIAL PRODUC-
TION OF FROG LEGS FROM TADPOLES OF THE BULL-
FROG ...3.0028
Anesthesia
EFFECT OF ANESTHESIA ON THE BLOOD CHEMISTRY OF
FISHES ...2.0234
Animal Characteristics
Adaptation
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF WEEDS ...2.0099
Age
STREAM STUDIES TO DETERMINE TOXIC EFFECTS OF
METHOXYCHLOR IN FISH POPULATIONS ...1.0263
GENETIC CONTROL OF ANOPHELINES USING TRANSLOCA-
TIONS .2.0034
MASS REARING OF MARISA CORNUARIETIS FOR BIOLOGI-
CAL CONTROL OF AQUATIC WEEDS IN EMPERATE
WATERS ...2.0124
SEA LAMPREY CONTROL AGE AND GROWTH STUDIES
...2.0206
SEA LAMPREY CONTROL REESTABLISHMENT STUDIES
...2.0207
SEA LAMPREY CONTROL - ASSESSMENT METHODS ...2.0208
BIOLOGY OF THE LARVAL SEA LAMPREY ...2.0210
SWIMMER'S ITCH INTERMEDIATE HOST, DISTRIBUTION
AND ECOLOGY ...2.0279
EVALUATION OF THE INFLUENCE OF AGE AND SIZE OF
CHANNEL CATFISH ON THE INFECTIVITY OF CCV
...3.0006
SUSCEPTIBILITY OF VARIOUS AGES OF FISH TO INFECTION
..3.0063
USE OF TISSUE SECTIONING TECHNIQUES TO ATTEMPT TO
FOLLOW THE LIFE HISTORY OF WHIRLING DISEASE
PARASITES FROM THE FIRST DAY OF INFECTION ...3.0065
CORRELATE NITROGEN GAS CONTENT OF WATER SUP-
PLIES WITH DISEASE ...3.0088
NORTHERN PIKE LIFE HISTORY STUDY ...4.0084
WALLEYE LIFE HISTORY STUDY ...4.0085
Environmental Response
EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE IN
THE MOSQUITOFISH, GAMBUSIA AFFINIS ..1.0249
THE RELATIONSHIP OF TEMPERATURE TO DISEASE OF
SALMONID FISHES ...3.0051
EXPERIMENTAL REARING OF SALMON AND STEELHEAD
IN BRACKISH WATER IMPOUNDMENTS ...3.0119
Fertility
FIELD STUDIES OF PESTICIDE EFFECTS ON FISHES ...1.0257
STREAM STUDIES TO DETERMINE TOXIC EFFECTS OF
METHOXYCHLOR IN FISH POPULATIONS ...1.0263
MASS REARING OF MARISA CORNUARIETIS FOR BIOLOOI-
CAL CONTROL OF AQUATIC WEEDS IN EMPERATE
WATERS ...2.0124
ECOLOGY OF MOSQUITOES OF ARID SOUTHEASTERN
CALIFORNIA ...4.0039
BIONOMICS OF MARYLAND MOSQUITOES ...4.0063
Growth Rate
EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON MARJNE ANIMALS ...1.0244
EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE IN
THE MOSQUITOFISH, GAMBUSIA AFFINIS ...1.0249
LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON AQUATIC INVER-
TEBRATES .1.0258
BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN
FISH ...1.0261
CHRONIC EFFECTS OF DURSBAN ON WARM-WATER FISH
.1.0282
EFFECTS OF PARATHION AND MALATHION ON WARM-
WATER FISH PONDS ..1.0283
METHOXYCHLOR-CAUSED EFFECTS ON CUTTHROAT
TROUT PHYSIOLOGY CHRONIC TOXICITY OF INSECTI-
CIDES TO COLD-WATER FISH ...1.0296
EFFECTS OF TOXICANTS UPON FISH MOVEMENT PAT-
TERNS ...1.0308
SUBLETHAL AMOUNTS OF ORGANIC INSECTICIDES AND
FISH ...1.0313
POND ECOLOGY AND PRODUCTION AS AFFECTED BY
SIMAZINE ...1.0353
PHARMACOLOGICAL AND ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF
PESTICIDES ...1.0362
EFFECTS OF MOSQUITO CONTROL DITCHING ON HIGH
SALT MARSHES IN NORTH CAROLINA, PHASE 1 ...2.0073
MASS REARING OF MARISA CORNUARIETIS FOR BIOLOGI-
CAL CONTROL OF AQUATIC WEEDS IN EMPERATE
WATERS ...2.0124
ASSESSMENT OF LAKE TROUT RESTORATION IN MICHIGAN
WATERS OF LAKE MICHIGAN, 1969-70 ...2.0202
SEA LAMPREY CONTROL - LAKE MICHIGAN CHEMICAL
CONTROL ...2.0203
SEA LAMPREY CONTROL AGE AND GROWTH STUDIES
...2.0206
SEA LAMPREY CONTROL REESTABLISHMENT STUDIES
...2.0207
BIOLOGY OF THE LARVAL SEA LAMPREY ...2.0210
AN EVALUATION OF TECHNIQUES TO MANAGE SMALL IM-
POUNDMENTS IN OHIO ...2.0227
POPULATION DYNAMICS - LAKE TROUT ...2.0235
IMPOUNDMENT EFFECTS ON WATER QUALITY AS
REFLECTED IN PARASITISM OF RESERVOIR BASSES
...3.0018
DEVELOPMENT OF METHODS FOR COMMERCIAL PRODUC-
TION OF FROG LEGS FROM TADPOLES OF THE BULL-
FROG ...3.0028
AQUICULTURE, SALMON CULTURE RESEARCH ...3.0053
MYCOTOXIN TOXICITY AND CARCINOGENESIS IN TROUT
.3.0056
MASS MORTALITY OF OYSTERS ALONG THE OREGON
COAST ...3.0060
SALT WATER POND RESEARCH ...3.0073
SPAWNING AND REARING OF MARINE FISH ...3.0110
EXPERIMENTAL REARING OF SALMON AND STEELHEAD
IN BRACKISH WATER IMPOUNDMENTS ...3.0119
LAKE SUPERIOR PERIPHYTON IN RELATION TO WATER
QUALITY ...4.0017
POST-IMPROVEMENT LIMNOLOGICAL-ANALYSES AND
FISH-POPULATION EVALUATIONS OF CERTAIN STRIP-
MINE LAKES IN SOUTHEAST KANSAS ...4.0078
SURVEYS FOR PANFISH CONTROL STUDIES ...4.0086
Hatchability
EFFECT OF ENDRIN ON EGG-SPERM FORMATION AND
EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT ...1.0229
STREAM STUDIES TO DETERMINE TOXIC EFFECTS OF
METHOXYCHLOR IN FISH POPULATIONS ...1.0263
INVESTIGATIONS OF PHEROMONES AS CHEMOSTERILANTS
FOR INSECTS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO SYNTHETIC
QUEN SUBSTANCE AND ITS ANALOGUES . 2.0021
2-6
-------
SUBJECT INDEX
Animal Characteristics
CONTROL OF BLACK FLIES AND MOSQUITOES IN MAINE
...1.0046
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF TERRESTRIAL MOLLUSCS
...2.0281
Longevity
EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE IN
THE MOSQUITOFISH, GAMBUSIA AFFIN1S ...1.0249
RADIATION CYTOGENETICS OF THE YELLOW-FEVER
MOSQUITO, AEDES AEGYPTI ...2.0036
BIONOMICS OF MARYLAND MOSQUITOES ...4.0063
Maturity & Growth Stages
EFFECT OF ENDRIN ON EGG-SPERM FORMATION AND
EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT ...1.0229
CONTAMINATION OF CHANNEL CATFISH WITH DIELDRIN
FROM AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF ...1.0247
THE EFFECTS OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES ON LARVAL AND
JUVENILE WINTER FLOUNDER IN THE WEWEANTIC
RIVER ESTUARY, MASSACHUSETTS ...1.0253
RATES OF PESTICIDE BUILDUP IN SALMONIDS RECENTLY
INTRODUCED IN THE GREAT LAKES ...1.0256
PESTICIDE EFFECTS ON FISH ENDOCRINE FUNCTIONS
...1.0269
ACCUMULATION OF PESTICIDES IN MENHADEN ...1.0299
NEW INSECTICIDES & TECHNIQUES FOR PEST CONTROL
...2.0016
INVESTIGATIONS OF PHEROMONES AS CHEMOSTERILANTS
FOR INSECTS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO SYNTHETIC
OUEN SUBSTANCE AND ITS ANALOGUES ...2.0021
SUSCEPTIBILITY OF INSECTS TO INSECTICIDES ...2.0055
STRIPED BASS STUDIES ...2.0193
ASSESSMENT OF LAKE TROUT RESTORATION IN MICHIGAN
WATERS OF LAKE MICHIGAN, 1969-70 ...2.0202
LAKE SUPERIOR CHEMICAL CONTROL OF SEA LAMPREY
...2.0205
SEA LAMPREY CONTROL - ASSESSMENT METHODS ...2.0208
BIOLOGY OF THE LARVAL SEA LAMPREY ...2.0210
INCIDENCE BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF FASCIOLA
HEPATICA IN THE SOUTHWEST . .2.0280
BIOLOGICAL STUDIES OF MALACOPHAGOUS DIPTERA
...2.0282
CHANNEL CATFISH VIRUS REPLICATION CURVES IN IN-
TERNAL ORGANS AND ASSOCIATED PATHOLOGY
...3.0010
DEVELOPMENT OF METHODS FOR COMMERCIAL PRODUC-
TION OF FROG LEGS FROM TADPOLES OF THE BULL-
FROG ...3.0028
REFINEMENT OF MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES FOR
STREAM TROUT LAKES ...3.0035
INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF SALMONID FISHES ...3.0049
ECOLOGY OF RECREATIONALLY IMPORTANT ESTUARINE
FISHES IN OREGON ...3.0052
MARINE FISHERIES SYMBIOSIS AND PARASITISM
RESEARCH ...3.0055
TRANSMISSION OF ANAPLASMOSIS ...4.0032
MOSQUITOES OF MIDDLE AMERICA ...4.0038
POPULATION DYNAMICS OF MOSQUITOES IN FLORIDA
...4.0048
Metabolic Efficiency
DEVELOPMENT OF METHODS FOR COMMERCIAL PRODUC-
TION OF FROG LEGS FROM TADPOLES OF THE BULL-
FROG ...3.0028
Metabolism -other
PHARMACOLOGICAL AND ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF
PESTICIDES ...1.0362
Mortality Rates
PATTERNS OF PESTICIDE CONTAMINATION OF WATER
...1.0039
EFFECT OF ENDRIN ON EGG-SPERM FORMATION AND
EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT ...1.0229
EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE IN
THE MOSQUITOFISH, GAMBUSIA AFFINIS ...1.0249
THE EFFECTS OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES ON LARVAL AND
JUVENILE WINTER FLOUNDER IN THE WEWEANTIC
RIVER ESTUARY, MASSACHUSETTS ...1.0253
LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON AQUATIC INVER-
TEBRATES ...1.0258
PHYSIOLOGIC RESPONSE OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS TO
POLLUTANTS ...1.0260
LABORATORY BIOASSAYS TO DETERMINE TOXIC EFFECS
OF METHOXYCHLOR IN FISH ...1.0264
CHRONIC EFFECTS OF DURSBAN ON WARM-WATER FISH
...1.0282
METHOXYCHLOR-CAUSED EFFECTS ON CUTTHROAT
TROUT PHYSIOLOGY CHRONIC TOXICITY OF INSECTI-
CIDES TO COLD-WATER FISH ...1.0296
THE EFFECT OF DIELDRIN ON SURVIVAL AND DEVELOP-
MENT OF FISH EGGS ...1.0300
ELIMINATE OR REDUCE EFFECTS OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES
...1.0311
PESTICIDES AND WILDLIFE ...1.0324
GENETIC CONTROL OF ANOPHELINES USING TRANSLOCA-
TIONS ...2.0034
CONTROL OF BLACK FLIES AND MOSQUITOES IN MAINE
...2.0046
BIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL FACTORS INFLUENCING
THE DEVELOPMENT OF LARVAL MOSQUITO POPULA-
TIONS ...2.0052
MASS REARING OF MARISA CORNUARIETIS FOR BIOLOGI-
CAL CONTROL OF AQUATIC WEEDS IN EMPERATE
WATERS ...2.0124
ASSESSMENT OF LAKE TROUT RESTORATION IN MICHIGAN
WATERS OF LAKE MICHIGAN, 1969-70 ...2.0202
RELATION OF LAMPREY EELS TO EXISTING SALMONID
STOCKS IN CAYUGA LAKE ...2.0219
PISCIC1DE TOXICOLOGY OF THE CYPRINIDS IN EAST AND
WEST PAULINA LAKES ...2.0228
POPULATION DYNAMICS - LAKE TROUT ...2.0235
ESTABLISH MINIMUM DOSES OF ANT1MYCIN AND
ROTENONE NEEDED FOR TOTAL KILLS OF TARGET
FISHES ...2.0247
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF SNAILS ...2.0268
BIOLOGY AND BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF SCHISTOSOMIA-
SIS ...2.0277
IDENTIFICATION OF PARASITIC BACTERIAL FORMS
...3.0002
METHOD OF CONTROLLING MORTALITY IN CHANNEL
CATFISH DUE TO CCV INFECTION ...3.0005
SUSCEPTIBILITY OF OTHER SPECIES OF CATFISHES TO CCV
AND THEIR POSSIBLE ROLE AS CARRIERS ...3.0007
OYSTER DISEASE MORTALITY ALONG THE CALIFORNIA
COAST ...3.0022
SURVEY OF ANIMAL DISEASES IN CONNECTICUT ...3.0024
MOLLUSCAN MORTALITY STUDIES ...3.0032
SHELLFISH MORTALITY - CHESAPEAKE BAY ...3.0033
PACIFIC OYSTER MORTALITY STUDIES ...3.0034
REFINEMENT OF MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES FOR
STREAM TROUT LAKES ...3.0035
RELATIVE RESISTANCE OF SELECTIVELY BRED BROOK
AND BROWN TROUT FINGERLINGS TO FURUNCULOSIS
...3.0041
THE RELATIONSHIP OF TEMPERATURE TO DISEASE OF
SALMONID FISHES ...3.0051
ECOLOGY OF RECREATIONALLY IMPORTANT ESTUARINE
FISHES IN OREGON ...3.0052
MASS MORTALITY OF OYSTERS ALONG THE OREGON
COAST ...3.0060
SALT WATER POND RESEARCH ...3.0073
TESTING OF STOCKS OF OYSTERS FOR DISEASE RE-
SISTANCE ...3.0077
MASS MORTALITY OF PACIFIC OYSTERS ALONG THE
WASHINGTON COAST ...3.0082
EFFECT OF SUPERSATURATION OF DISSOLVED NITROGEN
ON MIGRATING SALMONIDS ...3.0083
ISOLATION OF VIRUSES FROM FISHES INVESTIGATION OF
FISH EPIZOOTICS OF UNKNOWN ETIOLOGY FOR POSSI-
BLE VIRUS INVOLVEMENT ...3.0084
MUCUS & FRESHWATER OSMOREGULATION IN
ANADROMOUS FISHES & RELATIONSHIPS TO MORTALI-
TIES IN THE ALEWIFE ...3.0106
2-7
-------
Animal Characteristics
SUBJECT INDEX
PARASITES OF WARMWATER FISHES AND THEIR CONTROL
..3.0108
TOX1CITY OF THERAPEUTIC AGENTS TO STRIPED BASS
.3.0112
PATHOLOGY EP1ZOOTIOLOGY ...3.0113
DISEASE-RESISTANT OYSTERS ...3.0114
EXPERIMENTAL REARING OF SALMON AND STEELHEAD
IN BRACKISH WATER IMPOUNDMENTS ...3.0119
BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES IN FISH DISEASES THE STRESS
OF FORMALIN TREATMENTS IN SALMONID FISHES
.3.0124
AQUATIC MYXOBACTERIA, CHONDROCOCCUS COLUM-
NAR1S AND OTHER FISH PATHOGENS ...3.0126
Number or Density
INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND DOMESTIC ANIMALS
..2.0087
Productivity
BIOLOGY ECOLOGY AND CONTROL OF INSECTS TICKS
AND MITES WHICH ATTACK LIVESTOCK, POULTRY AND
HOUSEHOLD ...2.0040
EXPERIMENTS TO RE-ESTABLISH HISTORICAL OYSTER
SEED GROUNDS AND TO CONTROL THE SOUTHERN
OYSTER DRILL ...2.0274
Sex
MINERAL IMBALANCE IN BLUEGILLS EXPOSED TO
MALATH1ON PESTICIDE-INDUCED MINERAL IMBALANCE
IN FISH ...1.0292
SEA LAMPREY CONTROL REESTABLISHMENT STUDIES
...2.0207
Female
SCREENING PESTICIDES FOR TERATOGENIC EFFECTS ON
GAMBUSIA CHRONIC TOXICITY OF PESTICIDES TO
FRESHWATER FISHES ...1.0268
SUBLETHAL AMOUNTS OF ORGANIC INSECTICIDES AND
FISH ...1.0313
INVESTIGATIONS OF PHEROMONES AS CHEMOSTERILANTS
FOR INSECTS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO SYNTHETIC
QUEN SUBSTANCE AND ITS ANALOGUES ...2.0021
INSECTICIDE AND NON-CHEMICAL CONTROL OF
MOSQUITOES ...2.0025
GENETIC CONTROL OF ANOPHELINES USING TRANSLOCA-
T1ONS ...2.0034
DEVELOPMENTS OF METHODS RELATED TO TESTING OF
FISH CONTROL AGENTS BIOCHEMICAL METHOD FOR
SEXING FISH ...2.0248
THE NUTRITION AND BEHAVIOR OF MOSQUITOES ...4.0033
DEVELOPMENT OF CULTURE METHODS FOR MOSQUITOES
...4.0035
THERMAL STRESS AND POLYMORPHISM OF MOSQUITOES
...4.0052
GENETICS AND REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY OF AEDES
MOSQUITOES ...4.0055
PHOTOPERIOD AND TEMPERATURE EFFECTS ON
DIAPAUSE OF THE MOSQUITO CULISETA INORNATA
...4.0074
Male
SCREENING PESTICIDES FOR TERATOGENIC EFFECTS ON
GAMBUSIA - CHRONIC TOXICITY OF PESTICIDES TO
FRESHWATER FISHES ...1.0268
EFFECTS ON THE SPERMIATION RESPONSE OF GOLDFISH
AFTER EXPOSURE TO SELECTED PESTICIDES ...1.0270
CYTOPLASMIC INCOMPATIBILITY FOR FILARIASIS CON-
TROL ...2.0013
GENETIC CONTROL OF ANOPHELINES USING TRANSLOCA-
TIONS ...2.0034
RADIATION CYTOGENETICS OF THE YELLOW-FEVER
MOSQUITO, AEDES AEGYPTI ...2.0036
DEVELOPMENTS OF METHODS RELATED TO TESTING OF
FISH CONTROL AGENTS BIOCHEMICAL METHOD FOR
SEXING FISH ...2.0248
BASIC STUDIES ON THE BEHAVIOR AND PHYSIOLOGY OF
INSECTS THAT AFFECT MAN ...4.0047
THERMAL STRESS AND POLYMORPHISM OF MOSQUITOES
...4.0052
GENETICS AND REPRODUCTIVE
MOSQUITOES ...4.0055
BIOLOGY OF
AEDES
Size
BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES Ot
FISH ...1.0261
SEA LAMPREY CONTROL REESTABLISHMENT STUDIES
...2.0207
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF MCN-JR-7464 AS AN ANESTHETIC
FOR SELECTED SPECIES OF FISH (ABBREV) ...2.0261
EVALUATION OF THE INFLUENCE OF AGE AND SIZE OF
CHANNEL CATFISH ON THE INFECTIVITY OF CCV
...3.0006
IMPOUNDMENT EFFECTS ON WATER QUALITY AS
REFLECTED IN PARASITISM OF RESERVOIR BASSES
3.0018
DEVELOPMENT OF METHODS FOR COMMERCIAL PRODUC-
TION OF FROG LEGS FROM TADPOLES OF THE BULL-
FROG ...3.0028
ETIOLOGY OF ESTUARINE FISH DISEASES ...3.0040
TOXICITY OF THERAPEUTIC AGENTS TO STRIPED BASS
...3.0112
Species, Comparison of
TO CHARACTERIZE PATHOGENS OF MOSQUITOES ...2.0007
FACTORS AFFECTING ROLE OF MICROORGANISMS IN
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF INSECT PESTS ...2.0037
SURVEY OF INSECT PROBLEMS IN MONTANA ...2.0059
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF WEEDS ...2.0)02
NATURAL ENEMIES OF EURASIAN WATERMILFOIL IN
PAKISTAN ...2.0173
ARTHROPOD-BORNE VIRUS (ARBOVIRUS) ACTIVITY IN
MAJOR MOSQUITO VECTORS IN IOWA ...4.0057
SteriUty
GENETIC CONTROL OF ANOPHELINES USING TRANSLOCA-
TIONS ...2.0034
CYTOPLASMIC INHERITANCE AND CONTROL OF CULEX
PIPIENS ...2.0041
Stress
BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN
FISH ...1.0261
INVESTIGATION OF STRESS-INDUCED MOBILIZATION OF
INSECTICIDE RESIDUES CHRONIC TOXICITY OF PESTI-
CIDES TO FISH ...1.0281
EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION ON FISH DIS-
EASES - ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES AND DISEASE
RESISTANCE MECHANISMS OF RAINBOW TROUT ...1.0312
PATHOLOGY OF AEROMONAS LIQUIFACIENS IN CHANNEL
CATFISH ...3.0013
EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION ON FISH DIS-
EASES - EFFECT OF HEAT STRESS ON DISEASE RE-
SISTANCE MECHANISMS IN SALMONID FISHES ...3.0089
MUCUS & FRESHWATER OSMOREGULATION IN
ANADROMOUS FISHES & RELATIONSHIPS TO MORTALI-
TIES IN THE ALEWIFE ...3.0106
EVALUATION OF STRESS IN FINGERLING SALMON
THERAPEUTIC DRUGS AS STRESS FACTORS ...3.0120
THERMAL STRESS AND POLYMORPHISM OF MOSQUITOES
..4.0052
Vigor
STUDIES ON THE UPTAKE AND TRANSLOCAT1ON OF CM-
LABELED DDT AND ALDRIN IN INVERTEBRATE POPULA-
TIONS, FY 1970 ...1.0354
Weight
PROCESSING, CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, AND NUTRITIVE
VALUE OF AQUATIC WEEDS ...2.0119
ECOLOGY OF RECREATIONALLY IMPORTANT ESTUARINE
FISHES IN OREGON ...3.0052
2-8
-------
SUBJECT INDEX
Animal Environments
Animal Resistance to
PHOTOPERIOD AND
DIAPAUSE OF THE
...4.0074
TEMPERATURE EFFECTS ON
MOSQUITO CULISETA INORNATA
Farm Buildings & Shelters
CONTROL OF COMMON HOUSEFLY ...2.0005
Forest
INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND DOMESTIC ANIMALS
...2.0087
BIOLOGICAL STUDIES OF CUUCOIDES AND THEIR CON-
TROL IN THE CANAL ZONE ...4.0043
CALIFORNIA ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS IN WISCONSIN ...4.0075
Islands
INTERSPECIFIC
...2.0047
COMPETITION AMONG MOSQUITOES
Laboratory
OYSTER DRIL (OCINEBRA JAPON1CA) CONTROL ...2.0293
BIONOMICS OF SELECTED NORTH AMERICAN CULICINE
MOSQUITOES ...4.0054
Animal Pharmacology
Drug Evaluation
U.V. SPECTROPHOTOMETRY FOR THE IDENTIFICATION
AND ESTIMATION OF QUINALDINE RESIDUE ...2.0237
THE EFFICACY OF QUINALDINE SULFATE - MS-222 AS AN
ANESTHETIC FOR FISH IN THE LABORATORY WARM
SPRINGS ...2.0239
INVESTIGATE CONTROL MEASURES OF BACTERIAL INFEC-
TIONS IN FISH ...3.0003
TOXICITY OF THERAPEUTIC AGENTS TO STRIPED BASS
...3.0112
EVALUATION OF STRESS IN FINGERLING SALMON
THERAPEUTIC DRUGS AS STRESS FACTORS ...3.0120
IN VIVO CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC STUDIES ON FISH
PATHOGENIC BACTERIA ...3.0121
CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC STUDIES ON FISH PATHOGENIC BAC-
TERIA ...3.0123
EFFICACY OF A POTENTIATED SULFONAMIDE AGAINST
FURUNCULOSIS INFECTIONS IN JUVENILE RAINBOW
TROUT AND COHO SALMON ...3.0125
CHEMOTHERAPY OF FISH DISEASES ...3.0127
THE TOXICITY AND DRUG RESIDUE LEVEL OF
CHLORAMPHENICOL IN TREATED RAINBOW TROUT
...3.0133
Drug Types
EVALUATION OF STRESS IN FINGERLING SALMON
THERAPEUTIC DRUGS AS STRESS FACTORS ...3.0120
Anesthetics
CHRONIC TOXICITY OF PESTICIDES TO COLD-WATER FISH
...1.0318
RESIDUES OF MS-222 IN FISH ...2.0236
U.V. SPECTROPHOTOMETRY FOR THE IDENTIFICATION
AND ESTIMATION OF QUINALDINE RESIDUE ...2.0237
THE EFFICACY OF QUINALDINE SULFATE - MS-222 AS AN
ANESTHETIC FOR FISH IN THE LABORATORY WARM
SPRINGS ...2.0239
ROUTE(S) OF EXCRETION OF QUINALDINE SULFATE, A
FISH ANESTHETIC ...2.0249
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF MCN-JR-7464 AS AN ANESTHETIC
FOR SELECTED SPECIES OF FISH (ABBREV) ...2.0261
VERTEBRATE DISEASES - VIRAL DISEASES OF FRESH-
WATER FISHES AND OTHER LOWER VERTEBRATES
EGTVED VIRUS ...3.0104
INVESTIGATION OF HANDLING TECHNIQUES ...3.0111
TOXICITY OF THERAPEUTIC AGENTS TO STRIPED BASS
...3.0112
Antibiotics
EFFECTS OF FISH CONTROL AGTS ON BLOOD CHEM & HE-
MATOPOIETIC TISSUE OF FISH. EFFECTS OF ANTIMYCIN
A. ON ACID-BASE BALANCE IN BLOOD OF FISH ...2.0260
INVESTIGATE CONTROL MEASURES OF BACTERIAL INFEC-
TIONS IN FISH ...3.0003
TOXICITY OF THERAPEUTIC AGENTS TO STRIPED BASS
...3.0112
CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC STUDIES ON FISH PATHOGENIC BAC-
TERIA ...3.0123
THE TOXICITY AND DRUG RESIDUE LEVEL OF
CHLORAMPHENICOL IN TREATED RAINBOW TROUT
...3.0133
Disinfectants
EFFECT OF DISINFECTING AGENTS ON M. CEREBRALIS
...3.0130
Drug Types -other
CONTROL OF MYXOSPORIDIAN PARASITES ...3.0109
CONTROL OF VIBRIOSIS IN SALMON ...3.0117
IN VIVO CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC STUDIES ON FISH
PATHOGENIC BACTERIA ...3.0121
Formulation
CONTROL OF VIBRIOSIS IN SALMON ...3.0117
EVALUATION OF STRESS IN FINGERLING SALMON
THERAPEUTIC DRUGS AS STRESS FACTORS ...3.0120
Mechanism of Action
EFFECTS OF FISH CONTROL AGTS ON BLOOD CHEM & HE-
MATOPOIETIC TISSUE OF FISH. EFFECTS OF ANTIMYCIN
A. ON ACID-BASE BALANCE IN BLOOD OF FISH ...2.0260
Route of Administration
CONTROL OF VIBRIOSIS IN SALMON ...3.0117
Toxins
Plant Origin
MYCOTOXIN TOXICITY AND CARCINOGENESIS IN TROUT
...3.0056
CYTOPATHOGENIC EFFECT OF TOXIN ON TISSUE ...3.0086
CYTOPATHOGENIC EFFECT OF TOXIN IN FISH ...3.0087
Toxins -other
DEVELOPMENT OF RHODAMINE-B DYE TO TRACE FLOW
AND DISPERSION PATTERNS IN STREAMS AS AN AD-
JUNCT TO TREATING STREAMS WITH FISH-CONTROL
CHEMICALS ...2.0245
TOXICITY OF THERAPEUTIC AGENTS TO STRIPED BASS
...3.0112
THE TOXICITY AND DRUG RESIDUE LEVEL OF
CHLORAMPHENICOL IN TREATED RAINBOW TROUT
...3.0133
Animal Resistance to ....
Disease Resistance
INSECT RESISTANCE TO, AND THE GENETIC MECHANISM
OF CHEMICAL CONTROL AGENTS ...2.0029
THE BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF THE SNAIL INTER-
MEDIATE HOST OF SCH1STOSOMES ...2.0276
RELATIVE RESISTANCE OF SELECTIVELY BRED BROOK
AND BROWN TROUT FINGERLINGS TO FURUNCULOSIS
...3.0041
RELATIVE RESISTANCE OF SELECTIVELY BRED BROOK
AND BROWN TROUT YEARLINGS TO FURUNCULOSIS
...3.0042
FIELD TESTING OF SELECTIVELY BRED STRAINS OF
BROOK AND BROWN TROUT UNDER PRODUCTION
HATCHERY CONDITIONS ...3.0043
INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF SALMONID FISHES ...3.0049
EPIDEMOLOGY OF 'SALMON POISONING1 DISEASE ...3.0054
SALT WATER POND RESEARCH ..3.0073
NUTRITIONAL FACTORS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF
CORYNEBACTERIAL KIDNEY DISEASE ...3.0090
DISEASE-RESISTANT OYSTERS ...3.0114
2-9
-------
Animal Resistance to
Environment Resistance
SUBJECT INDEX
CORRELATE NITROGEN GAS CONTENT OF WATER SUP-
PLIES WITH DISEASE .3.0088
PHOTOPERIOD AND TEMPERATURE EFFECTS ON
DIAPAUSE OF THE MOSQUITO CULISETA INORNATA
...4.0074
Parasite Resistance
FACTORS AFFECTING ROLE OF MICROORGANISMS IN
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF INSECT PESTS ...2.0037
CULTIVATION OF INSECT PHASE OF AVIAN PLASMODIA
...4.0036
Animals - Mammals
Bos
LIVESTOCK DETOXICAT1NG MECHANISMS OF PESTICIDES
1.0212
BIOLOGY ECOLOGY AND CONTROL OF INSECTS TICKS
AND MITES WHICH ATTACK LIVESTOCK, POULTRY AND
HOUSEHOLD ...2.0040
ABUNDANCE, DISTRIBUTION AND CONTROL OF MISCEL-
LANEOUS INSECTS, AFFECTING LIVESTOCK ...2.0056
THE BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF ARTHROPODS AFFECT-
ING MAN AND ANIMALS . .2.0078
EFFECT OF CONTROLLING SALT-MARSH MOSQUITOES
...2.0082
INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND DOMESTIC ANIMALS
...2.0087
EFFECT OF BITING FLIES ON WEIGHT GAINS IN CATTLE
...2.0090
THE USE OF NUTRIA, WATER BOWL AND GRASS CARP FOR
THE CONTROL OF SUBMERGENT PLANTS ...2.0130
INCIDENCE BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF FASCIOLA
HEPATICA IN THE SOUTHWEST ...2.0280
TRANSMISSION OF ANAPLASMOS1S ...4.0032
BLUETONGUE TRANSMISSION BY SAND FLIES AND
MOSQUITOES ...4.0045
Carnivora
Canis
NEW OR IMPROVED TECHNIQUES FOR SAFE CHEMICAL
CONTROL OF ECTOPARASITES OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS
...2.0077
Dogs, Laboratory Use Only
EPIDEMOLOGY OF'SALMON POISONING' DISEASE ...3.0054
ARTHROPODS OF MEDICAL AND VETERINARY IM-
PORTANCE ...4.0031
BIONOMICS AND CONTROL OF ASIAN MOSQUITOES
...4.0058
Felidae
NEW OR IMPROVED TECHNIQUES FOR SAFE CHEMICAL
CONTROL OF ECTOPARASITES OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS
...2.0077
Mustelidae
EFFECTS OF A SNAPPING TURTLE POPULATION ON THE
WATERFOWL PRODUCTIVITY OF A MARSH .2.0292
Procyonidae
EFFECTS OF A SNAPPING TURTLE POPULATION ON THE
WATERFOWL PRODUCTIVITY OF A MARSH ...2.0292
Cricetidae -other
EFFECT OF CONTROLLING SALT-MARSH MOSQUITOES
Cricetus
SWIMMER'S ITCH INTERMEDIATE HOSTS, DISTRIBUTION
AND ECOLOGY ...2.0278
SWIMMER'S ITCH - INTERMEDIATE HOST, DISTRIBUTION
AND ECOLOGY ...2.0279
Livestock -nonspecific
INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS. DISEASES TO
MAN OR ANIMALS ...2.0010
Mammals -nonspecific
FACTORS AFFECTING PESTICIDE TOXICITY ...1.02SS
ARBOVIRUS STUDIES-HOUSTON AND THE TEXAS GULF
COAST ...2.0083
SELECTIVE TOXICITY BY OPTICALLY
PHOSPHONOTHIONATE PESTICIDES ...2.0086
ACTIVE
PROCESSING, CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, AND NUTRITIVE
VALUE OF AQUATIC WEEDS ...2.0119
EVALUATION OF WATERFOWL PREDATOR CONTROL
METHODS ...2.0272
Muridae
Laboratory Rat
BIOCHEMICAL EFFECTS OF TOXIC CHEMICALS ...1.0303
METABOLISM AND EXCRETION OF TFM ...2.0251
Mus
CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC CONTROL OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS BY
HORMONES ...2.0266
SWIMMER'S ITCH INTERMEDIATE HOSTS, DISTRIBUTION
AND ECOLOGY ...2.0278
SWIMMER'S ITCH INTERMEDIATE HOST, DISTRIBUTION
AND ECOLOGY ...2.0279
VIBRIO PARAHAEMOLYTICUS IN CHESAPEAKE BAY -
ISOLATION, INCIDENCE AND PATHOGENIOTY ...3.0026
ARTHROPOD-BORNE VIRUS (ARBOVIRUS) ACTIVITY IN
MAJOR MOSQUITO VECTORS IN IOWA ...4.0057
Ovis
LIVESTOCK DETOXICATING MECHANISMS OF PESTICIDES
...1.0212
INCIDENCE BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF FASCIOLA
HEPATICA IN THE SOUTHWEST ...2.0280
BLUETONGUE TRANSMISSION BY SAND FLIES AND
MOSQUITOES ...4.0045
Rabbits and Pikas
ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR PESTICIDES AND PESTICIDE
DEGRADATION PRODUCTS ...1.0088
THE BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF ARTHROPODS AFFECT-
ING MAN AND ANIMALS ...2.0078
CALIFORNIA ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS IN WISCONSIN ...4.0075
Rodentia -other
INSECTICIDE AND NON-CHEMICAL CONTROL OF
MOSQUITOES ...2.0025
EFFECT OF CONTROLLING SALT-MARSH MOSQUITOES
...2.0082
Sciuridae
Squirrel -nonspecific
CURRENT FISH AND WILDLIFE PESTICIDE PROBLEMS
...1.0235
FOREST AND FARM GAME HABITAT; FISH POND ...2.0143
Sus
JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS ON GUAM ...4.0062
Vertebrates -nonspecific
COMPARISONS BETWEEN ARTHROPOD AND VERTEBRATE
METABOLISM ...4.0049
Annelida
Hirudinea
PARASITES OF FRESH-WATER FISHES IN NORTH CAROLINA
...3.0047
ECOLOGY AND DISEASE TRANSMISSION POTENTIAL
...4.0044
Oligochaeta
PATTERNS OF PESTICIDE CONTAMINATION OF WATER
...1.0039
INSECTICIDES AND EGG-SHELL DEPOSITION . .1.0368
CYTOLOGY OF VIRAL NEOPLASMS OF FISH ...3.0045
2-10
-------
SUBJECT INDEX
Application Methods
polychaeta
MOLLUSCAN MORTALITY STUDIES ...3.0032
Anti-transpirants
FATE OF PESTICIDES ...1.0064
Antibiotics -see Pesticides
Chloramphenicol
THE TOXICITY AND DRUG RESIDUE LEVEL OF
CHLORAMPHENICOL IN TREATED RAINBOW TROUT
...3.0133
Kojic Acid
MYCOTOXIN TOXICITY AND CARCINOGENESIS IN TROUT
...3.00S6
Patulin
MYCOTOXIN TOXICITY AND CARCINOGENESIS IN TROUT
...3.0056
Appalachian Highlands
Appalachian Plateaus
RELATION OF AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES TO WATER
QUALITY IN NORTH APPALACHIAN REGION ...1.0194
Piedmont Province
DISPOSITION OF PESTICIDES IN THE SOIL ...1.0031
PESTICIDES IN SOILS AND WATERS OF THE SOUTHERN
PIEDMONT ...1.0033
Application Equipment
MALARIA ERADICATION RESEARCH ...2.0051
TESTING OF METHODS OF HERBICIDE APPLICATION
...2.0126
AQUATIC PLANT CONTROL - EQUIPMENT FOR MECHANI-
CAL AND CHEMICAL DESTRUCTION ...2.0147
DEVELOPMENT OF ACCURATE CHEMICAL INTRODUCTION
TECHNIQUES ...2.0223
Application Methods
EFFECTS OF INSECTICIDES ON ACTIVITY OF SOIL INHABIT-
ING INSECTS ...1.0059
ALTERING PERSISTENCE AND MOVEMENT OF HERBICIDES
IN SOIL, WATER, AND PLANTS ...1.0106
WEED CONTROL IN RICE FIELDS AND PASTURE LANDS IN
THE GULF COAST AREA ...2.0176
Aerial (any Type of Aircraft)
CONTROL METHODS FOR JUNIPERS, SHRUB LIVE OAK,
AND ASSOCIATED WEEDS . .1.0004
AERIAL DISPERSAL METHODS FOR CONCENTRATED IN-
SECTICIDES ...2.0009
Application Methods -other
RESPROUTING OF CHAPARRAL ...1.0017
NEW OR IMPROVED TECHNIQUES FOR SAFE CHEMICAL
CONTROL OF ECTOPARASITES OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS
...2.0077
Contact Application
ECOLOGY AND CONTROL OF CERTAIN PARASITIC DIP-
TERA ...2.0001
(U) REPELLENCY AND ATTRACTIVENESS OF MAN TO
MOSQUITO BITES ...4.0040
Foam Application
CONTROL OF HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL SPILLS BY PHYSI-
CAL BARRIERS ...1.0086
Foliar Application
CHEMICAL CONTROL OF DITCHBANK WEEDS IN PEAT AND
SANDY SOIL AREAS OF SOUTH FLORIDA ..2.0114
EVALUATION OF HERBICIDES FOR CONTROL OF AQUATIC
WEEDS ...2.0116
EXPANDED AQUATIC PLANT CONTROL PROJECT ...2.0146
Oral Application
INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS ...2.0081
DEVELOPMENT OF AN ORALLY EFFECTIVE INSECT REPEL-
LENT ...4.0051
Post-emergents
WEED CONTROL IN RICE PRODUCTION ...2.0098
CHEMICAL CONTROL OF DITCHBANK WEEDS IN PEAT AND
SANDY SOIL AREAS OF SOUTH FLORIDA ...2.0114
USE OF CHEMICALS ON RICE ...2.0140
Pre-emergents
USE OF CHEMICALS ON RICE ...2.0140
Preplant Application
COMPARATIVE EFFECTS OF WEED COMPETITION, HERBI-
CIDES AND OTHER WEED CONTROL PRACTICES ON
PLANT RESPONSE ...1.0145
Seed Treatment
CURRENT FISH AND WILDLIFE PESTICIDE PROBLEMS
...1.0235
Skin, Dermal, Topical -animal
INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS ...2.0081
Surface -soil
INACTIVATION AND LOSS PESTICIDES FROM SOIL ...1.0048
COMPARATIVE EFFECTS OF WEED COMPETITION, HERBI-
CIDES AND OTHER WEED CONTROL PRACTICES ON
PLANT RESPONSE ...1.0145
CONTROL OF CANADA THISTLE AND WATER WEEDS
...2.0158
Time-release Capsules
DEVELOPMENT OF A TECHNIQUE FOR THE CONTROLLED
SELF-DESTRUCTION OF FIELD-APPLIED DDT ...1.0014
EVALUATION AND DEMONSTRATION OF IRRIGATION
METHODS AND PRACTICES TO REDUCE CONTAMINA-
TION IN IRRIGATION WASTE WATER ...1.0104
ALTERING PERSISTENCE AND MOVEMENT OF HERBICIDES
IN SOIL, WATER, AND PLANTS ...1.0106
NEW OR IMPROVED TECHNIQUES FOR SAFE CHEMICAL
CONTROL OF ECTOPARASITES OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS
...2.0077
BASIC PHYSIOLOGY OF AQUATIC WEEDS IN THE
SOUTHEAST ...2.0115
EVALUATION OF HERBICIDES FOR CONTROL OF AQUATIC
WEEDS ...2.0116
THE PHYSIOLOGY AND CHEMICAL CONTROL OF AQUATIC
WEEDS IN THE SOUTHEAST ...2.0118
CHEMICAL CONTROL OF AQUATIC WEED NUISANCES
...2.0185
THE EFFICACY OF NEW FORMULATIONS OF ANTIMYCIN IN
NATURAL LAKES AND STREAMS ...2.0246
Water Application
INVESTIGATIONS OF RESIDUES IN WATER AND CROPS IR-
RIGATED WITH WATER CONTAINING HERBICIDES
...1.0015
HERBICIDE RESIDUES IN IRRIGATION WATER AND IN
CROPS AND SOILS IRRIGATED WITH TREATED WATER
...1.0107
EFFECT OF COPPER SULFATE ON AQUATIC WEEDS ...2.0108
TESTING OF METHODS OF HERBICIDE APPLICATION
.2.0126
CONTROL OF WEEDS IN AQUATIC AND NONCROP AREAS
IN THE UPPER MISSOURI RIVER BASIN ...2.0160
2-11
465-868 O - 72 - 1
-------
Application Methods
SUBJECT INDEX
DEVELOPMENT OF ACCURATE CHEMICAL INTRODUCTION
TECHNIQUES ...2.0223
Application Timing
Diurnal, Time of Day
SUSCEPTIBILITY OF INSECTS TO INSECTICIDES ...2.0055
Maturity or Growth Stage
THE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF VARIOUS LIFE STAGES OF FRESH-
WATER FISHES TO THREE TOXICANTS ...1.0279
EFFECT OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES ON GAME FISH POPULA-
TIONS ...1.0310
GROWTH SUPPRESSION AND REDUCTION IN REGROWTH
POTENTIAL OF AQUATIC WEEDS ...2.0110
LABORATORY STUDY OF AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTAL FAC-
TORS AND PLANT GROWTH STAGES ON AQUATIC WEED
GROWTH AND HERBICIDAL RESPONSE ...2.0111
SELECTIVE REMOVAL OF VARIOUS FISH SPECIES WITH AN-
TIMYCIN ...2.0240
THE EFFICACY OF MONSANTO NO. 51294 AS A FISH TOXI-
CANT (LABORATORY) ...2.0243
STATIC BIOASSAY OF REPRODUCTIVE CONTROLS AGAINST
FISH AND INVERTEBRATES ...2.0256
Sequential, Daily, Weekly, Etc
WEED CONTROL IN RICE PRODUCTION ...2.0098
GROWTH SUPPRESSION AND REDUCTION IN REGROWTH
POTENTIAL OF AQUATIC WEEDS ...2.0110
Timing -nonspecific
CONTROL OF WEEDS IN AGRONOMIC AND VEGETABLE
CROPS WITH HERBICIDES ...1.0025
CONTAMINATION OF SURFACE AND GROUND WATER
WITH INSECTICIDES AND HERBICIDES APPLIED TO CUL-
TIVATED CROPS ...1.0189
AQUATIC WEED CONTROL RESEARCH ...2.0100
WEED CONTROL IN IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE SYSTEMS
...2.0104
CONTROL OF AQUATIC AND NONCROPLAND WEEDS IN
WYOMING, COLORADO, AND NEBRASKA ...2.0187
Timing -other
WATER AND SOIL POLLUTION BY FARM CHEMICALS IN
THE LOWER MISSISSIPPI DELTA ...1.0050
BASIC PHYSIOLOGY OF AQUATIC WEEDS IN THE
SOUTHEAST ...2.0115
WEED CONTROL IN IRRIGATED HORTICULTURAL CROPS
IN WASHINGTON ...2.0179
Aquaculture
UTILIZATION AND MANAGEMENT OF COASTAL MARSHES
AND RESOURCES ...3.0029
AQUATIC MYXOBACTERIA, CHONDROCOCCUS COLUM-
NARIS AND OTHER FISH PATHOGENS ...3.0126
Fish Farming
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL FACTORS AFFECTING FISH
.1.0246
FARM FISH POND MANAGEMENT ...1.0340
DEVELOPMENT OF METHODS FOR COMMERCIAL PRODUC-
TION OF FROG LEGS FROM TADPOLES OF THE BULL-
FROG ...3.0028
UTILIZATION AND MANAGEMENT OF COASTAL MARSHES
AND RESOURCES ...3.0029
IDENTIFICATION OF PARASITES AND DISEASES EFFECTING
MARICULTURE SPECIES ...3.0037
AQUICULTURE, SALMON CULTURE - RESEARCH ...3.0053
Plant Aquaculture
ALGAL FOODS OF SHELLFISH (MICROORGANISMS AFFECT-
ING SHELLFISH PROGRAM) ...1.0326
Shellfish Farming
PHYSIOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR OF LARVAE (PHYSIOECOLO-
GY OF SHELLFISH PROGRAM) ...1.0236
EFFECTS OF MOSQUITO CONTROL DITCHING ON HIGH
SALT MARSHES IN NORTH CAROLINA, PHASE 1 ...2XW7J
EXPERIMENTS TO RE-ESTABLISH HISTORICAL OYSTER
SEED GROUNDS AND TO CONTROL THE SOUTHERN
OYSTER DRILL ...2.0274
OYSTER DRIL (OCINEBRA JAPONICA) CONTROL ...2.0293
PACIFIC OYSTER MORTALITY STUDIES ...3.0034
IDENTIFICATION OF PARASITES AND DISEASES EFFECTING
MARICULTURE SPECIES ...3.0037
SALT WATER POND RESEARCH ...3.0073
TESTING OF STOCKS OF OYSTERS FOR DISEASE RE-
SISTANCE ...3.0077
ACQUIRED VS. GENETIC RESISTANCE IN OYSTERS ...3.0078
TESTS OF SELECTED SEED OYSTER STOCKS ON COMMER-
CIAL BEDS ...3.0079
DISEASE-RESISTANT OYSTERS ...3.0114
AQUICULTURE, OYSTER HATCHERIES - RESEARCH ...3.011*
Aquatic or Soil-aquatic Cycles
INACTIVATION AND LOSS OF PESTICIDES FROM SOIL
...1.0002
FATE OF HARMFUL METALS IN SOIL AND WATER
SYSTEMS ...1.O003
WATER YIELD IN THE CHAPARRAL AND WOODLAND
ZONE OF THE SOUTHWEST ...1.0005
PESTICIDE RESIDUES ON ARIZONA CROPS ...1.0007
INTERACTION OF FERTILIZERS WITH PESTICIDES AS RE-
LATED TO WATER QUALITY IN SOILS ...1.0008
EFFICIENCY AND HAZARDS OF RESIDUAL HERBICIDES IN
SOILS UNDER IRRIGATION. ...1.0010
MOVEMENT OF CHLORINATED HYDROCARBON INSECTI-
CIDES IN SOILS ...1.0011
PESTICIDE MOBILITY AND DEGRADATION IN SOIL-WATER
SYSTEMS ...1.0013
VOLATILIZATION LOSSES OF PESTICIDES FROM SOILS
...1.0016
RESIDUES OF SELECTED PESTICIDES IN PLANTS, ANIMALS,
AND THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT ...1.0019
REACTIONS OF PESTICIDES WITH SOILS ...1.0020
REACTIONS OF PESTICIDES WITH SOILS IN RELATION TO
SOIL PRODUCTIVITY IN THE SOUTHWEST ...1.0021
BEHAVIOR OF POLLUTANTS IN WATER ...1.0022
PESTICIDE MOBILITY AND DEGRADATION IN SOIL-WATER
SYSTEMS ...1.0023
CHLORINATED PESTICIDES IN THE SOIL-WATER-PLANT
SYSTEM AND THEIR MANAGEMENT TO AVOID POLLU-
TION ...1.0024
MOVEMENT AND ADSORPTION OF PESTICIDES IN STERIL-
IZED SOIL COLUMNS ...1.0028
DISPOSITION OF PESTICIDES IN THE SOIL ...1.0031
PESTICIDE POLLUTION OF FARMSTEAD WATER SUPPLIES
IN THE SOUTHEAST ...1.0032
PESTICIDE MOBILITY AND DEGRADATION IN SOIL-WATER
SYSTEMS ...1.0034
POLLUTION EFFECTS ON GROUND WATER RECHARGE IN
HAWAII ...1.0036
REDUCTION OF HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH RESIDUES OF
INSECTICIDAL CHEMICALS IN THE ENVIRONMENT
...1.0037
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS OF PESTICIDE USAGE
...1.0038
PATTERNS OF PESTICIDE CONTAMINATION OF WATER
...1.0039
REDUCTION OF PESTICIDE RESIDUE HAZARDS ...1.0040
INSECTICIDAL CHEMICALS IN THE ENVIRONMENT ...1.0043
MOVEMENT OF HERBICIDES IN SOIL BY MASS FLOW
...1.0044
REMOVAL OF CONTAMINANTS FROM RURAL WATER SUP-
PLIES .. 1.0047
INACTIVATION AND LOSS PESTICIDES FROM SOIL ...1.0048
2-12
-------
SUBJECT INDEX
Aquatic or Soil-aquatic Cycles
ROW LENGTH, GRADE AND DRAINAGE REQUIREMENTS OF
CROPS ...1.0049
WATER AND SOIL POLLUTION BY FARM CHEMICALS IN
THE LOWER MISSISSIPPI DELTA ...1.0050
CHEMICAL CONTAMINANTS IN SOIL AND WATER RUNOFF
IN NEW ENGLAND ...1.0051
PESTICIDE POLLUTION OF FARMSTEAD WATER SUPPLIES
IN THE NORTHEAST ...1.0052
CONTROL OF PESTICIDES IN SOIL AND WATER ...1.0054
PERSISTENCE. ACCUMULATION AND FATE OF PESTICIDES
IN CRANBERRY SOILS AND RESERVOIRS ...1.0055
TRANSLOCATION OF PESTICIDES FROM CRANBERRY BOGS
TO THEIR SURROUNDINGS ...1.0056
RELATIONSHIP OF PESTICIDES IN SOIL, WATER AND
PLANTS ...1.0057
ANALYSIS OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES ...1.0058
EFFECTS OF INSECTICIDES ON ACTIVITY OF SOIL INHABIT-
ING INSECTS ...1.0059
SOILS, PESTICIDES AND THE QUALITY OF WATER ...1.0061
SOIL AND WATER MANAGEMENT FOR SALINITY CONTROL
- PHASE II ...1.0066
ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY - BIOGEOCHEM1CAL CYCLING
IN ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS ...1.0068
MOVEMENT OF HERBICIDES OFF, INTO AND THROUGH
SOILS ...1.0071
SOIL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND SOIL WATER MOVE-
MENT ...1.0072
NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS, HERBICIDE MOVEMENT BY SOIL
WATER AND SOURCES OF CONTAMINATION ...1.0073
PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN PLANTS, ANIMALS, SOILS, AND
WATER ...1.0075
FACTORS INFLUENCING INSECTICIDE RESIDUES IN FOOD,
FORAGE AND OIL CROPS, AND SOIL ...1.0077
FATE OF POLLUTANTS IN GROUND WATER ...1.0079
EFFECT OF AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS ON THE QUALITY
OF GROUND AND SURFACE WATERS ...1.0080
BEHAVIOR OF SPECIFIC HERBICIDES IN PLANTS AND SOILS
...1.0081
BEHAVIOR OF CHEMICALS INTRODUCED INTO THE
FOREST ENVIRONMENT AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE
ECOSYSTEM ...1.0083
PESTICIDE MOBILITY AND DEGRADATION IN SOIL-WATER
SYSTEMS ...1.0084
PESTICIDE MOBILITY AND DEGRADATION IN SOIL-WATER
SYSTEMS ...1.0085
PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF PERSISTENCE AND
MOVEMENT OF HERBICIDES IN SOIL ...1.0090
PRINCIPLES, FACILITIES AND SYSTEMS FOR GROUND
WATER RECHARGE-SOUTHERN PLAINS ...1.0094
FATE OF HERBICIDES IN PLANTS AND SOILS ...1.0095
PERSISTENCE AND MODES OF HERBICIDE DISSIPATION
UNDER RANGELAND CONDITIONS ...1.0096
INACTIVAT1ON AND LOSS OF PESTICIDES FROM SOIL
...1.0097
MOVEMENT OF INSECTICIDES IN SOIL AND WATER ...1.0098
MOVEMENT OF HERBICIDES IN SOIL, SURFACE WATER
AND UNDERGROUND WATER ...1.0099
EFFECT OF USING RUNOFF WATER IN RECHARGE WELLS-
HIGH PLAINS AREA ...1.0100
EFFECT OF PESTICIDES ON THE QUALITY OF SURFACE
AND GROUND WATERS IN THE WESTERN GULF REGION
...1.0101
QUALITY OF IRRIGATION RETURN FLOW ...1.0102
SOILS, PESTICIDES, AND THE QUALITY OF WATER ...1.0103
EVALUATION AND DEMONSTRATION OF IRRIGATION
METHODS AND PRACTICES TO REDUCE CONTAMINA-
TION IN IRRIGATION WASTE WATER ...1.0104
ALTERING PERSISTENCE AND MOVEMENT OF HERBICIDES
IN SOIL, WATER, AND PLANTS ...1.0106
INTERFERING SOIL CONSTITUENTS IN DETERMINATION OF
PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN SOIL AND WATER ...1.0109
IDENTIFICATION AND DETERMINATION OF PESTICIDE
RESIDUES IN SOIL AND RUNOFF AND DRAINAGE
WATERS. ...1.0110
FATE OF INSECTICIDES IN SOIL AND THEIR MOVEMENT IN
WATER AND CROPS ...1.0111
GREEN BAY RESEARCH PROGRAM ...1.0112
METABOLISM OF ENDRIN IN PONDS ...1.0113
ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY OF SAN FRANCISCO BAY
WATERS AND SEDIMENTS ...1.0120
PREDICTING MINERAL QUALITY OF RETURN FLOW
WATER ...1.0122
ATTENTION AND RUNOFF OF PESTICIDES FROM AGRICUL-
TURAL LANDS TO SURFACE WATERS ...1.0124
COOPERATIVE HERBICIDE MONITORING STUDY IN IRRIGA-
TION SYSTEMS ...1.0125
PESTICIDE KINETICS ...1.0127
ESTUARINE ECOSYSTEMS ...1.0128
EFFLUENT INFLUENCES OF THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER ON THE
CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY OF ADJACENT OCEAN
SYSTEMS ...1.0130
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS IN THE SURVIVAL OF MAN
...1.0132
EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON ESTUARINE PRODUCTIVITY
...1.0133
UPPER ST JOHNS RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY, FLORIDA
...1.0134
RURAL RUNOFF CONTROL ...1.0135
DEVELOP EFFECTIVE TREATMENT METHODS FOR HARD
PESTIDICIDES ...1.0136
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN PESTICIDES AND GEORGIA
FARM POND ECOSYSTEMS ...1.0138
TOXAPHENE CONTAMINATION - ESTUARINE ECOLOGY
...1.0139
SOILS, PESTICIDES AND THE QUALITY OF WATER . .1.0141
STUDY OF METHODS FOR REDUCING WATER POLLUTION
FROM STORM SEWER AND COMBINATION DISCHARGES
THROUGH DEFINED PUBLIC WORKS PRACTICES ...1.0142
THE FATE OF SELECT PESTICIDES IN THE AQUATIC EN-
VIRONMENT ...1.0144
COMPARATIVE EFFECTS OF WEED COMPETITION, HERBI-
CIDES AND OTHER WEED CONTROL PRACTICES ON
PLANT RESPONSE ...1.0145
RESEARCH INITIATION FATE OF SELECTED OR-
GANOPHOSPHATE AND CARBAMATE INSECTICIDES IN
SURFACE WATERS ...1.0146
THE FACTOR CONTROLLING THE DYNAMICS OF NON-
IONIC SYNTHETIC ORGANIC CHEMICALS IN AQUATIC
ENVIRONMENTS ...1.0148
LIMNOLOGICAL FACTORS AFFECTING PESTICIDE
RESIDUES IN SURFACE WATERS ...1.0149
GEOGRAPHIC ATLAS OF PESTICIDE OCCURRENCE IN THE
BARATARIA BAY-MISSISSIPPI DELTA ...1.0152
POLLUTION LOADS IN RUNOFF FROM SMALL AGRICUL-
TURAL WATERSHEDS ...1.0154
MASSACHUSETTS PESTICIDE MONITORING STUDY ...1.0157
ADSORPTION OF PESTICIDES FROM SEA WATER ...1.0159
AN ECOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF STREAM EUTROPHICA-
TION ...1.0161
WATERSHED ANALYSIS RELATING TO EUTROPHICATION
OF LAKE MICHIGAN ...1.0162
PESTICIDE MONITORING OF AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT,
MICHIGAN PORTION OF THE GREAT LAKES BASIN
...1.0163
PESTICIDE TESTING FOR SETTING STANDARDS ...1.0165
PESTICIDES INPUTS AND LEVELS IN MINNESOTA WATERS
OF LAKE SUPERIOR BASIN ...1.0166
PRESTICIDE INPUTS AND LEVELS IN MINNESOTA WATERS
OF THE LAKE SUPERIOR BASIN ...1.0167
PREPARATION OF CHLORINE-36 LABELED OR-
GANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES AND RELATED COM-
POUNDS (PCB'S) ...1.0174
THE EFFECTS OF HERBICIDES, PESTICIDES, AND FERTIL-
IZERS ON THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF WATER ...1.0177
FERTILIZERS AND SEDIMENTS AS WATER POLLUTANTS
...1.0179
RAPID DETECTION OF TOXIC MATERIALS IN WATER
...1.0180
SORPTION AND DESORPTION OF CHLORINATED
HYDROCARBON PESTICIDES IN AQUATIC SEDIMENT
MINERALS ...1.0181
GROUND AND SURFACE WATERS - POLLUTION ...1.0182
DEEPWATER PILOT PLANT-ENGINEERING AND INTERCEP-
TOR FEASIBILITY ...1.0183
2-13
-------
Aquatic or Soil-aquatic Cycles
SUBJECT INDEX
QUALITY OF STORM WATER DRAINAGE FROM URBAN
LAND AREAS IN NORTH CAROLINA ...1.0187
CONTAMINATION OF SURFACE AND GROUND WATER
WITH INSECTICIDES AND HERBICIDES APPLIED TO CUL-
TIVATED CROPS ...1.0189
CENTER FOR STUDY OF THE HUMAN ENVIRONMENT
1.0190
CHEMICAL AND SEDIMENT MOVEMENT FROM AGRICUL-
TURAL LAND INTO LAKE ERIE ...1.0191
CHEMICAL AND SEDIMENT MOVEMENT FROM AGRICUL-
TURAL LAND INTO LAKE ERIE ...1.0192
PESTICIDES MOVEMENT FROM CROPLAND INTO LAKE
ERIE ...1.0193
RELATION OF AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES TO WATER
QUALITY IN NORTH APPALACHIAN REGION 1.0194
DEVELOPMENT OF TILLAGE-REPLACING HERBICIDE
SYSTEMS ...1.0196
DEVELOP EFFECTIVE TREATMENT METHODS FOR HARD
PESTICIDES ...1.0197
QUANTITATIVE METHODS FOR PESTICIDES IN NATURAL
WATERS ..1.0198
PROVIDE A CONTINUOUS SURVEY OF THE LITERATURE
ON STORM AND COMBINED SEWERS ...1.0199
TRANSFER OF PESTICIDES THROUGH WATER, SEDIMENTS,
AND AQUATIC LIFE ...1.0201
TRANSFER OF PESTICIDES THROUGH SOILS, WATER, SEDI-
MENTS AND AQUATIC LIFE ...1.0202
CHEMICAL, PHYSICAL, AND BIOLOGICAL DYNAMICS OF
NORTHERN PRAIRIE LAKES ...1.0205
PESTICIDE LEVELS IN WATER AND WILDLIFE OF REEL-
FOOT LAKE, TENNESSEE ...1.0208
INVESTIGATION OF RICE IRRIGATION RETURN FLOWS
TEXAS COASTAL PRAIRIE REGION ...1.0209
CHARACTERISTICS AND POLLUTIONAL PROBLEMS OF
PESTICIDE MANUFACTURING WASTES . .1.0210
DDT IN SNOW FALLEN AT HIGH ALTITUDE SINCE 1950
...1.0214
DISTRIBUTION OF ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDE
RESIDUES IN NATURAL WATERS AND SEDIMENTS
1.0215
IMPROVING WATER QUALITY BY REMOVAL OF PESTICIDE
POLLUTANTS WITH AQUATIC PLANTS ..1.0216
SOURCES OF QUALITY IMPAIRMENT OF SURFACE WATERS
...1.0218
OCCURRENCE OF PESTICIDES IN AQUATIC ENVIRON-
MENTS ...1.0219
EVALUATION OF PESTICIDE SOURCES AND LEVELS TRIBU-
TARY TO LAKES MICHIGAN AND SUPERIOR ...1.0221
THE OCCURRENCE OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN THE LOWER
BRISBANE RIVER AND IN THE TISSUES OF ESTUARINE
ANIMALS ...1.0233
CONTAMINATION OF CHANNEL CATFISH WITH DIELDRIN
FROM AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF ...1.0247
PESTICIDE CONTAMINATION OF ENVIRONMENT . 1.0250
RATES OF PESTICIDE BUILDUP IN SALMONIDS RECENTLY
INTRODUCED IN THE GREAT LAKES ...1.0256
CHRONIC EFFECTS OF DURSBAN ON WARM-WATER FISH
...1.0282
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE USE OF AGRICUL-
TURAL CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS AND THEIR
RESIDUES IN CHANNEL CATFISH ...1.0298
EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON ESTUARINE ORGANISMS
1.0304
RESIDUES OF TFM IN FISH-LA CROSSE ...1.0315
PESTICIDES AND WILDLIFE ...1.0324
THE FATE OF SELECT PESTICIDES IN THE AQUATIC EN-
VIRONMENT ...1.0330
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS OF PESTICIDE USAGE
...1.0334
MECHANISMS OF PESTICIDE ACCUMULATION IN AQUATIC
ORGANISMS ...1.0338
ECOLOGY OF PESTICIDES IN AN AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM
...1.0339
BIOCHEMICAL ECOLOGICAL RELATIONSHIPS OF PESTI-
CIDES AND THE BIO-CONSTITUENTS OF AQUATIC COM-
MUNITIES ...1.0342
INTERACTION BETWEEN MICROORGANISMS AND PESTI-
CIDES ..1.03S1
BIODEGRADATION OF PESTICIDES IN A FRESHWATER
ECOSYSTEM INTERACTION BETWEEN MICROORGAN.
ISMS AND PESTICIDES ...1.0352
PREVENTION OF PESTICIDE POLLUTION FROM COASTAL
INSECT CONTROL PROGRAMS ...1.0358
TOXICOLOGY OF PESTICIDES IN THE ENVIRONMENT
...1.0360
ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY OF PESTICIDES ...1.0361
PHARMACOLOGICAL AND ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF
PESTICIDES ...1.0362
CHEMICAL BIOCIDES IN LAKES ...1.0364
INSECTICIDES AND EGG-SHELL DEPOSITION ...1.0368
EFFECT OF MOSQUITO CONTROL CHEMICALS ON
AQUATIC FAUNA ...2.0003
CONTROL OF WEEDS AND CERTAIN OTHER AQUATIC
PESTS IN THE PACIFIC SOUTHWEST ...2.0101
PHYSIOLOGY, BIOCHEMISTRY AND CONTROL OF AQUATIC
WEEDS, CHEMISTRY OF HERBICIDES ...2.0105
HERBICIDE RESIDUES ..2.0109
THE INFLUENCE OF HERBICIDES USED ON HORTICUL-
TURAL CROPS ON STREAM ECOLOGY ...2.0150
RESPONSE OF PLANT COMMUNITIES TO SUSTAINED USE
OF HERBICIDES ...2.0161
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF AQUATIC WEEDS ...2.0162
CHEMICAL CONTROL OF AQUATIC WEED NUISANCES
...2.0185
METHODS FOR CONTROLLING ALLIGATORWEED AND
OTHER WEEDS IN CANALS, WATERWAYS, AND AD-
JACENT WATERS IN THE SOUTHEASTERN U. S. ...2.0186
THE EFFICACY AND PERSISTENCE OF FORMULATIONS OF
ANTIMYCIN ...2.0244
INFLUENCE OF SUSPENDED MICROSCOPIC SUBSTANCES
ON THE METABOLISM OF MICROORGANISMS RESPONSI-
BLE FOR BIOLOGICAL ENRICHMENT OF WATER ...4.0027
Aquatic Soils
CHLORINATED PESTICIDES IN THE SOIL-WATER-PLANT
SYSTEM AND THEIR MANAGEMENT TO AVOID POLLU-
TION ...1.0024
REDUCTION OF HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH RESIDUES OF
INSECTICIDAL CHEMICALS IN THE ENVIRONMENT
...1.0037
EFFECT OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES AND OTHER ORGANO-
TOXICANTS ON THE QUALITY OF SURFACE AND
GROUNDWATER RESOURCES ...1.004]
TRANSLOCATION OF PESTICIDES FROM CRANBERRY BOGS
TO THEIR SURROUNDINGS ...1.0056
MOVEMENT OF HERBICIDES IN SOIL, SURFACE WATER
AND UNDERGROUND WATER ...1.0099
UPTAKE AND RELEASE OF DALAPON IN EARTHEN PONDS
...1.0114
ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY OF SAN FRANCISCO BAY
WATERS AND SEDIMENTS ...1.0120
COOPERATIVE HERBICIDE MONITORING STUDY IN IRRIGA-
TION SYSTEMS ...1.0125
A STUDY PROGRAM TO IDENTIFY PROBLEMS RELATED TO
OCEANIC ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY NORTH ATLAN-
TIC ...1.0140
PESTICIDE MONITORING PROGRAM LAKE MICHIGAN
...1.0143
THE FACTOR CONTROLLING THE DYNAMICS OF NON-
IONIC SYNTHETIC ORGANIC CHEMICALS IN AQUATIC
ENVIRONMENTS ...1.0148
PESTICIDE MONITORING OF AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT,
MICHIGAN PORTION OF THE GREAT LAKES BASIN
..1.0163
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SEDIMENTS
...1.0170
SORPTION AND DESORPTION OF CHLORINATED
HYDROCARBON PESTICIDES IN AQUATIC SEDIMENT
MINERALS ...1.0181
PESTICIDES MOVEMENT FROM CROPLAND INTO LAKE
ERIE ...1.0193
TRANSFER OF PESTICIDES THROUGH WATER, SEDIMENTS,
AND AQUATIC LIFE ...1.0201
TRANSFER OF PESTICIDES THROUGH SOILS, WATER, SEDI-
MENTS AND AQUATIC LIFE ...1.0202
2-14
-------
SUBJECT INDEX
Atlantic Ocean
CHEMICAL, PHYSICAL, AND BIOLOGICAL DYNAMICS OF
NORTHERN PRAIRIE LAKES ...1.0205
DISTRIBUTION OF ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDE
RESIDUES IN NATURAL WATERS AND SEDIMENTS
...1.0215
INSECTICIDE ADSORPTION BY LAKE SEDIMENTS AS A FAC-
TOR CONTROLLING INSECTICIDE ACCUMULATION IN
LAKES ...1.0223
INSECTICIDE ADSORPTION BY LAKE SEDIMENTS AS A FAC-
TOR CONTROLLING INSECTICIDE ACCUMULATION IN
LAKES ...1.0224
CHLORINATED ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS IN THE MIL-
WAUKEE RIVER ...1.0226
EFFECT OF ENDRIN ON FISH AND THEIR ENVIRONMENT
UNDER CONTROLLED CONDITIONS ...1.0230
PESTICIDES AND WILDLIFE ...1.0324
PESTICIDE MONITORING PROGRAM LAKE MICHIGAN AND
TRIBUTARIES IN ILLINOIS ...1.0328
FARM FISH POND MANAGEMENT ...1.0340
INSECTICIDES AND EGG-SHELL DEPOSITION ...1.0368
AQUATIC WEED CONTROL RESEARCH ...2.0100
WEED CONTROL IN IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE SYSTEMS
...2.0104
AQUATIC PEST CONTROL ...2.0112
AQUATIC PLANT CONTROL ...2.0128
CONTROL OF UNDESIRABLE AQUATIC VEGETATION IN
LAKE TANEYCOMO, MISSOURI ...2.0154
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF AQUATIC WEEDS ...2.0162
CHEMICAL CONTROL OF AQUATIC WEED NUISANCES
...2.0185
CONTROL. OF AQUATIC AND NONCROPLAND WEEDS IN
WYOMING. COLORADO, AND NEBRASKA ...2.0187
AN INVESTIGATION OF THE CAUSES, EFFECTS, AND CON-
TROi. OF EUTROPHICATION IN MAINE LAKES ...4.0011
EFFECTS OF EUTROPHICATION ON AQUATIC VEGETATION
- PHASE II ...4.0023
NUTRIENT DYNAMICS IN AN ARTIFICIALLY ENRICHED
LAKE ...4.0025
Aquifers
FATE OF POLLUTANTS IN GROUND WATER ...1.0079
MOVEMENT OF HERBICIDES IN SOIL, SURFACE WATER
AND UNDERGROUND WATER ...1.0099
EFFECT OF USING RUNOFF WATER IN RECHARGE WELLS-
HIGH PLAINS AREA ...1.0100
Carbonate Aquifers
PRINCIPLES, FACILITIES AND SYSTEMS FOR GROUND
WATER RECHARGE-SOUTHERN PLAINS ...1.0094
Clastic Aquifers
NUTRIENT CONTROL PROJECT
NESOTA ...4.0015
DETROIT LAKES, MIN-
Arachnida
Acarina
Acaridae
EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON NON-TARGET ORGANISMS
...1.0341
hodidcs
INSECT ATTRACTANTS, BEHAVIOR AND BASIC BIOLOGY
...2.0030
BIOLOGY ECOLOGY AND CONTROL OF INSECTS TICKS
AND MITES WHICH ATTACK LIVESTOCK, POULTRY AND
HOUSEHOLD ...2.0040
ABUNDANCE, DISTRIBUTION AND CONTROL OF MISCEL-
LANEOUS INSECTS, AFFECTING LIVESTOCK ...2.0056
ARTHROPODS OF MEDICAL AND VETERINARY IM-
PORTANCE ...4.0031
TRANSMISSION OF ANAPLASMOSIS ...4.0032
Mites -nonspecific
ABUNDANCE, DISTRIBUTION AND CONTROL OF MISCEL-
LANEOUS INSECTS, AFFECTING LIVESTOCK ...2.0056
Plant Mites
EMERGENCY INSECT CONTROL MEASURES FOR ALASKA
...2.0002
Phalangida
EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON NON-TARGET ORGANISMS
...1.0341
Argentina
SEARCH FOR AND IMPORTATION OF INSECT ENEMIES OF
AQUATIC WEEDS ...2.0095
Argon
LIFE CYCLES OF ROTTBELLIA EXALTATA AND AM-
PHIBROMUS SCABRIVALVIS AND DEVELOPMENT OF
CONTROL MEASURES ...4.0010
Aromatic Compounds
ANAEROBIC DEGRADATION OF AROMATIC COMPOUNDS
IN THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT ...1.0131
AROMATIC SOLVENT AQUATIC HERBICIDES AND EMULSI-
FYING AGENT TESTING ...2.0107
Arsenic
INACTIVATION AND LOSS OF PESTICIDES FROM SOIL
...1.0002
INACTIVATION AND LOSS OF PESTICIDES FROM SOIL
...1.0097
ATOMIC ABSORPTION ANALYSIS OF PHOSPHATES IN
WATER ...1.0227
Arthropods -nonspecific
GEOGRAPHIC ATLAS OF PESTICIDE OCCURRENCE IN THE
BARATARIA BAY-MISSISSIPPI DELTA ...1.0152
STUDY ON THE EFFECTS OF FISH TOXICANTS ANTIMYCIN
A AND ROTENONE ON POND COMMUNITIES ...1.0366
ARTHROPODS OF MEDICAL AND VETERINARY IM-
PORTANCE ...4.0031
Aschelminthes -other
PESTICIDES AND WILDLIFE ...1.0324
IMPOUNDMENT EFFECTS ON WATER QUALITY AS
REFLECTED IN PARASITISM OF RESERVOIR BASSES
...3.0018
PARASITES OF FRESH-WATER FISHES IN NORTH CAROLINA
...3.0047
Astronomy
ATMOSPHERIC CONSTITUENTS OF THE TERRESTRIAL-TYPE
PLANETS ...4.0007
Atlantic Ocean
EFFLUENT INFLUENCES OF THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER ON THE
CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY OF ADJACENT OCEAN
SYSTEMS ...1.0130
A STUDY PROGRAM TO IDENTIFY PROBLEMS RELATED TO
OCEANIC ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY NORTH ATLAN-
TIC ...1.0140
A STUDY PROGRAM TO IDENTIFY PROBLEMS RELATED TO
OCEANIC ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY NORTH ATLAN-
TIC 1.0158
DEEPWATER PILOT PLANT ENGINEERING AND INTERCEP-
TOR FEASIBILITY STUDY ...1.0184
PESTICIDE MONITORING PROGRAM ...1.0238
NATURAL HISTORY OF PREDATORS AND COMPETITORS
(PREDATOR CONTROL PROGRAM) ...2.0271
2-15
-------
Atlantic Ocean
SUBJECT INDEX
SEA NETTLE STUDIES IN CHESAPEAKE BAY, LIFE HISTORY
AND ECOLOGY ..1.0273
VIBRIO PARAHAEMOLYT1CUS IN CHESAPEAKE BAY -
ISOLATION, INCIDENCE AND PATHOGENICITY ...3.0026
MOLLUSCAN MORTALITY STUDIES ...3.0032
SHELLFISH MORTALITY - CHESAPEAKE BAY ...3.0033
IDENTIFICATION OF PARASITES AND DISEASES EFFECTING
MARICULTURE SPECIES ..3.0037
BACTERIAL AND VIRAL DISEASES AND CELL CULTURES
OF MARINE FISH AND SHELLFISH ...3.0074
A HISTOLOGIC STUDY OF MARINE FISH ...3.0076
PATHOLOGY - EP1ZOOTIOLOGY ...3.0113
DISEASE-RESISTANT OYSTERS ...3.0114
BIOLOGIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL OF EURASIAN
MILFOIL (MYRIOPHYLLUM SP1CATUM L.) IN CHES-
APEAKE BAY ..4.0012
Atlases - Maps
GEOGRAPHIC ATLAS OF PESTICIDE OCCURRENCE IN THE
BARATARIA BAY-MISSISSIPPI DELTA ...1.0152
Atmosphere Composition
ATMOSPHERIC CONSTITUENTS OF THE TERRESTRIAL-TYPE
PLANETS ...4.0007
Attractants
Attractants - Other
STATIC BIOASSAY OF ATTRACTANTS AND REPELLANTS
AGAINST FISH AND INVERTEBRATES ...2.0258
•A METHOD OF DESTROYING ONCOMELANIA-THE SNAIL
VECTOR OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS' ...2.0284
METHOD OF KILLING ONCOMELANIA & AQUATIC SNAIL
VECTORS OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS ...2.0285
Insect Attractants
SUPPRESSION AND ECOLOGY OF MOSQUITOES ...2.0018
INVESTIGATIONS OF PHEROMONES AS CHEMOSTERILANTS
FOR INSECTS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO SYNTHETIC
QUEN SUBSTANCE AND ITS ANALOGUES ...2.0021
SYNTHETIC INSECT CONTROL AGENTS, GAINESVILLE
...2.0028
NEW OR IMPROVED TECHNIQUES FOR SAFE CHEMICAL
CONTROL OF ECTOPARASITES OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS
...2.0077
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF MOSQUITOES, SAND FLIES,
AND GNATS OF WESTERN U.S. ...2.0079
MOSQUITO AND HOUSEFLY CONTROL WITH CHEMOSTERI-
LANTS IN EGYPT ...2.0085
ATTRACTIVENESS AND REPELLENCY OF MAN TO
MOSQUITO BITES ...4.0041
BASIC STUDIES ON THE BEHAVIOR AND PHYSIOLOGY OF
INSECTS THAT AFFECT MAN ...4.0047
Augmentation -general
EUTROPHICATION EFFECT OF FLOW AUGMENTATION
...2.0168
NUISANCE ALGAL GROWTH RELATED TO ENVIRONMEN-
TAL FACTORS ...2.0180
Australia
EFFICIENCY AND HAZARDS OF RESIDUAL HERBICIDES IN
SOILS UNDER IRRIGATION. ...1.0010
Automated Equipment
ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR PESTICIDES IN SOIL AND
WATER ...1.0018
RAPID DETECTION OF TOXIC MATERIALS IN WATER
...1.0180
Autopsy
PESTICIDE EFFECTS ON FISH ENDOCRINE FUNCTIONS
...1.0269
DEVELOPMENTS OF METHODS RELATED TO TESTING OF
FISH CONTROL AGENTS BIOCHEMICAL METHOD FOR
SEXING FISH ...2.0248
PATHOLOGY OF AEROMONAS LIQUIFAC/ENS IN CHANNEL
CATFISH ...3.0013
SURVEY OF ANIMAL DISEASES IN CONNECTICUT ...3.0024
ECOLOGY OF RECREATIONALLY IMPORTANT ESTUARINE
FISHES IN OREGON ...3.0052
Autoradiography
DISTRIBUTION AND METABOLIC FATE OF INDUSTRIAL
POLLUTANTS AND PESTICIDES IN A MODEL AQUATIC
ECOSYSTEM ...1.0333
Aziridines
INSECT CHEMOSTERILANTS ...2.0049
Azo Compounds
GROUND AND SURFACE WATERS - POLLUTION ...1.0182
Bacteria
Aeromonas
PATHOLOGY OF AEROMONAS LIQUIFACIENS IN CHANNEL
CATFISH ...3.0013
RELATIVE RESISTANCE OF SELECTIVELY BRED BROOK
AND BROWN TROUT FINGERLINGS TO FURUNCULOSIS
...3.0041
RELATIVE RESISTANCE OF SELECTIVELY BRED BROOK
AND BROWN TROUT YEARLINGS TO FURUNCULOSIS
...3.0042
FIELD TESTING OF SELECTIVELY BRED STRAINS OF
BROOK AND BROWN TROUT UNDER PRODUCTION
HATCHERY CONDITIONS ...3.0043
INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF SALMONID FISHES ...3.0049
BACTERIOLOGICAL AND SEROLOGICAL STUDIES ON
MOTILE AEROMONADS AND PSEUDOMONADS FRESHLY
ISOLATED FROM DISEASED FISHES ...3.0096
DETECTION OF CARRIER CONDITION IN FURUNCULOSIS
...3.0098
RELATIONSHIP OF TEMPERATURE TO DISEASES OF SAL-
MONID FISH ...3.0116
ORAL IMMUNIZATION OF HATCHERY-REARED SALMONIDS
- FURUNCULOSIS IN COHO SALMON ...3.0122
EFFICACY OF A POTENTIATED SULFONAMIDE AGAINST
FURUNCULOSIS INFECTIONS IN JUVENILE RAINBOW
TROUT AND COHO SALMON ...3.0125
Anaerobic Bacteria
ANAEROBIC DEGRADATION OF AROMATIC COMPOUNDS
IN THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT ...1.0131
Bacilli -nonspecific
BIOLOGY OF MICROORGANISMS OF MOSQUITOES ...2.0022
Bacillus -other
MOSQUITO PATHOGENS AS POTENTIAL CONTROL AGENTS
...2.0019
Bacillus Licheniformis
THE IMPORTANCE OF THE FOOD CHAIN IN BOTULISM IN-
TOXICATION AMONG WATERFOWL LAKES AND
SLOUGHS OF THE DEVILS LAKE REGION IN NORTH
DAKOTA ...1.0359
Bacillus Thuringiensis
EMERGENCY INSECT CONTROL ...2.0076
2-16
-------
SUBJECT INDEX
Bacteria
Bacteria -nonspecific
TO CHARACTERIZE PATHOGENS OF MOSQUITOES ...2.0007
IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MOSQUITO
PATHOGENS ...2.0020
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF INSECTS AFFECTING MAN
...2.0027
INSECT RESISTANCE TO, AND THE GENETIC MECHANISM
OF CHEMICAL CONTROL AGENTS ...2.0029
FACTORS AFFECTING THE ROLE OF MICROORGANISMS IN
THE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF INSECT PESTS ...2.0053
IDENTIFICATION OF PARASITIC BACTERIAL FORMS
...3.0002
INVESTIGATE CONTROL MEASURES OF BACTERIAL INFEC-
TIONS IN FISH ...3.0003
COOPERATIVE FISH PARASITE AND DISEASE STUDY
...3.0015
MOLLUSCAN MORTALITY STUDIES ...3.0032
BACTERIAL FLORA OF APPARENTLY HEALTHY STRIPED
BASS (ROCCUS SAXATILIS) & ITS CORRELATION WITH
THE BACTERIA OF THE HATCHERY WATER SUPPLY
...3.0046
USE OF CELL CULTURE METHODS TO ATTEMPT TO FOL-
LOW DEVELOPING STAGES OF SPORES ...3.0062
BACTERIAL AND VIRAL DISEASES AND CELL CULTURES
OF MARINE FISH AND SHELLFISH ...3.0074
CYTOPATHOGENIC EFFECT OF TOXIN ON TISSUE ...3.0086
CYTOPATHOGENIC EFFECT OF TOXIN IN FISH ...3.0087
DEVELOPMENT OF METHODS FOR RAPID IDENTIFICATION
OF BACTERIAL FISH PATHOGENS ...3.0097
SPAWNING AND REARING OF MARINE FISH ...3.0110
IN VIVO CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC STUDIES ON FISH
PATHOGENIC BACTERIA ...3.0121
CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC STUDIES ON FISH PATHOGENIC BAC-
TERIA ...3.0123
CHEMOTHERAPY OF FISH DISEASES ...3.0127
Cbondrococcus
RELATIONSHIP OF TEMPERATURE TO DISEASES OF SAL-
MONIDFISH ...3.0116
AQUATIC MYXOBACTERIA. CHONDROCOCCUS COLUM-
NARIS AND OTHER FISH PATHOGENS ...3.0126
Clostridium Botulinum
THE IMPORTANCE OF THE FOOD CHAIN IN BOTULISM IN-
TOXICATION AMONG WATERFOWL LAKES AND
SLOUGHS OF THE DEVILS LAKE REGION IN NORTH
DAKOTA ...1.0359
Coliforms
INVESTIGATION INTO RECREATIONAL WATER QUALITY
CRITERIA ...1.0116
AN INVESTIGATION INTO RECREATIONAL WATER QUALI-
TY CRITERIA ...1.0117
MAYFLY DISTRIBUTION AS A WATER QUALITY INDEX
...1.0169
GROUND AND SURFACE WATERS - POLLUTION ...1.0182
QUALITY OF STORM WATER DRAINAGE FROM URBAN
LAND AREAS IN NORTH CAROLINA ...1.0187
QUANTIFICATION OF POLLUTANTS IN AGRICULTURAL RU-
NOFF ...1.0204
SOURCES OF QUALITY IMPAIRMENT OF SURFACE WATERS
...1.0218
MICROBIOLOGY OF FARM PONDS ...1.0220
GAME FISH REPRODUCTION AND ROUGH FISH PROBLEMS
IN ELEPHANT BUTTE LAKE ...4.0081
Corynebacteria
NUTRITIONAL FACTORS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF
CORYNEBACTERIAL KIDNEY DISEASE ...3.0090
Escberichia Coli
INVESTIGATION INTO RECREATIONAL WATER QUALITY
CRITERIA ...1.0116
EFFECTS OF CHEMICAL IMPURITIES IN WATER DISINFEC-
TION BY HALOGENS ...1.0155
THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENTLY EXTRACTED ENDOTOXINS
FROM ESCHERICHIA COLI ON RAINBOW TROUT (SALMO
GAIRDNER1) ...3.0071
Gram-negative Bacteria
PESTICIDE DETOXICATION MECHANISMS OF MICROOR-
GANISMS IN SOIL AND WATER ...1.0087
MICROBIOLOGY OF FARM PONDS ...1.0220
Gram-positive Bacteria
MICROBIOLOGY OF FARM PONDS ...1.0220
Intestinal Bacteria
AN INVESTIGATION INTO RECREATIONAL WATER QUALI-
TY CRITERIA ...1.0117
Marine Bacteria
ANAEROBIC DEGRADATION OF AROMATIC COMPOUNDS
IN THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT ...1.0131
Nitrogen Bacteria
PESTICIDES AND MICROBIAL ECOLOGY OF LAKE CHAM-
PLAIN ...1.0213
MICROBIOLOGY OF FARM PONDS ...1.0220
ALGACIDES FOR USE IN WATER RECLAMATION AND
REUSE SYSTEMS ...2.0177
Oral Bacteria
ORAL IMMUNIZATION OF HATCHERY-REARED SALMONIDS
RED MOUTH COMPARATIVE VACCINE STUDY ...3.0085
HISTOPATHOLOGY OF SALMONID FISHES BACTERIAL
RED-MOUTH DISEASE HISTOPATHOGENESIS OF RAIN-
BOW TROUT (SALMON GAIRDNERI) ...3.0093
Pseudomonas
ANAEROBIC DEGRADATION OF AROMATIC COMPOUNDS
IN THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT ...1.0131
BACTERIOLOGICAL AND SEROLOGICAL STUDIES ON
MOTILE AEROMONADS AND PSEUDOMONADS FRESHLY
ISOLATED FROM DISEASED FISHES ...3.0096
Rhizobium
INSECTICIDAL CHEMICALS IN THE ENVIRONMENT ...1.0043
Salmonella
INVESTIGATION INTO RECREATIONAL WATER QUALITY
CRITERIA ...1.0116
AN INVESTIGATION INTO RECREATIONAL WATER QUALI-
TY CRITERIA ...1.0117
Sewage Bacteria
MICROBIOLOGY OF FARM PONDS ...1.0220
Soil Bacteria
PESTICIDE MOBILITY AND DEGRADATION IN SOIL-WATER
SYSTEMS ...1.0023
MULTI-DISCIPLINARY RESEARCH IN POLLUTION ...1.0070
PESTICIDE DETOXICATION MECHANISMS OF MICROOR-
GANISMS IN SOIL AND WATER ...1.0087
Sphaerotilus
OCCURRENCE OF FILAMENTOUS SLIMES ORGANISMS
BELOW OUTFALLS ...4.0009
Streptococcus Fecalis
INVESTIGATION INTO RECREATIONAL WATER QUALITY
CRITERIA ...1.0116
MICROBIOLOGY OF FARM PONDS ...1.0220
Vibrio
VIBRIO PARAHAEMOLYTICUS IN CHESAPEAKE BAY
ISOLATION, INCIDENCE AND PATHOGENICITY ...3.0026
CONTROL OF VIBRIOSIS IN SALMON ...3.0117
EXPERIMENTAL REARING OF SALMON AND STEELHEAD
IN BRACKISH WATER IMPOUNDMENTS ...3.0119
2-17
-------
Bacteria
AQUATIC MYXOBACTERIA, CHONDROCOCCUS
NAR1S AND OTHER FISH PATHOGENS ...3.0126
Water Bacteria
PESTICIDE POLLUTION OF FARMSTEAD WATER SUPPLIES
IN THE SOUTHEAST ...1.0032
EFFECT OF USING RUNOFF WATER IN RECHARGE WELLS-
HIGH PLAINS AREA ...1.0100
DEVELOP IN-HOUSE CAPABILITY IN WATER QUALITY
TECHNIQUES FOR ANALYSES OF HEAVY METALS, BAC-
TERIA, AND PESTICIDE RESIDUES ...1.0171
GROUND AND SURFACE WATERS - POLLUTION ...1.0182
ELECTROPHORETIC CLARIFICATION OF WATER ...1.0211
PESTICIDES AND MICROBIAL ECOLOGY OF LAKE CHAM-
PLAIN ...1.0213
INTERACTION BETWEEN MICROORGANISMS AND PESTI-
CIDES ...1.0351
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF WATER WEEDS WITH PLANT
PATHOGENS ...2.0121
LYSIS OF BLUE-GREEN ALGAE BY BACTERIAL ENZYMES
AND THEIR POSSIBLE USE IN CONTROLLING ALGAL
BLOOMS ...2.0184
PUBLICATION OF FISH BACTERIAL RESEARCH . .3.0016
Bacterial Studies
Classification or Taxonomy
PESTICIDES AND MICROBIAL ECOLOGY OF LAKE CHAM-
PLAIN ..1.0213
Ecology
PESTICIDES AND MICROBIAL ECOLOGY OF LAKE CHAM-
PLAIN ...1.0213
MICROBIOLOGY OF FARM PONDS ...1.0220
EPIZOOTIOLOGY OF LEPTOSPIRES FISH SUSCEPTIBILITY
TO L. ICTEROHAEMORRHIGICA (ABBREV) ...3.0023
OCCURRENCE OF FILAMENTOUS SLIMES ORGANISMS
BELOW OUTFALLS ...4.0009
Identification
PESTICIDE DETOXICATION MECHANISMS OF MICROOR-
GANISMS IN SOIL AND WATER ...1.0087
MICROBIOLOGY OF FARM PONDS ...1.0220
IDENTIFICATION OF PARASITIC BACTERIAL FORMS
...3.0002
VIBRIO PARAHAEMOLYTICUS IN CHESAPEAKE BAY
ISOLATION, INCIDENCE AND PATHOGENICITY ...3.0026
Isolation From Nat. Environ.
PESTICIDE MOBILITY AND DEGRADATION IN SOIL-WATER
SYSTEMS ...1.0023
INTERACTION OF HERBICIDES AND SOIL MICROORGAN-
ISMS ...1.0069
MULTI-DISCIPLINARY RESEARCH IN POLLUTION ...1.0070
PESTICIDE DETOXICATION MECHANISMS OF MICROOR-
GANISMS IN SOIL AND WATER ...1.0087
ANAEROBIC DEGRADATION OF AROMATIC COMPOUNDS
IN THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT ...1.0131
LYSIS OF BLUE-GREEN ALGAE BY BACTERIAL ENZYMES
AND THEIR POSSIBLE USE IN CONTROLLING ALGAL
BLOOMS ...2.0184
IDENTIFICATION OF PARASITIC BACTERIAL FORMS
.3.0002
COOPERATIVE FISH PARASITE AND DISEASE STUDY
...3.0015
BACTERIAL FLORA OF APPARENTLY HEALTHY STRIPED
BASS (ROCCUS SAXATILIS) & ITS CORRELATION WITH
THE BACTERIA OF THE HATCHERY WATER SUPPLY
...3.0046
ORAL IMMUNIZATION OF HATCHERY-REARED SALMONIDS
RED MOUTH COMPARATIVE VACCINE STUDY ...3.0085
BACTERIOLOGICAL AND SEROLOGICAL STUDIES ON
MOTILE AEROMONADS AND PSEUDOMONADS FRESHLY
ISOLATED FROM DISEASED FISHES ..3.0096
AQUATIC MYXOBACTERIA, CHONDROCOCCUS COLUM-
NARIS AND OTHER FISH PATHOGENS ...3.0126
SUBJECT INDEX
COLUM- Morphology
BACTERIOLOGICAL AND SEROLOGICAL STUDIES ON
MOTILE AEROMONADS AND PSEUDOMONADS FRESHLY
ISOLATED FROM DISEASED FISHES ...3.0096
Serology
BACTERIOLOGICAL AND SEROLOGICAL STUDIES ON
MOTILE AEROMONADS AND PSEUDOMONADS FRESHLY
ISOLATED FROM DISEASED FISHES ...3.0096
CONTROL OF VIBRIOSIS IN SALMON ...3.0117
AQUATIC MYXOBACTERIA, CHONDROCOCCUS COLUM-
NARIS AND OTHER FISH PATHOGENS ...3.0126
Barbiturates
CHRONIC TOXICITY OF PESTICIDES TO COLD-WATER FISH
...1.0318
EFFECT OF ANESTHESIA ON THE BLOOD CHEMISTRY OF
FISHES ...2.0234
Bays
GREEN BAY RESEARCH PROGRAM ...1.0112
ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY OF SAN FRANCISCO BAY
WATERS AND SEDIMENTS ...1.0120
EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON ESTUARINE PRODUCTIVITY
...1.0133
GEOGRAPHIC ATLAS OF PESTICIDE OCCURRENCE IN THE
BARATARIA BAY-MISSISSIPPI DELTA ...1.0152
PREVENTION OF PESTICIDE POLLUTION FROM COASTAL
INSECT CONTROL PROGRAMS ...1.03S8
SEA NETTLE STUDIES IN CHESAPEAKE BAY, LIFE HISTORY
AND ECOLOGY ...2.0273
OYSTER DISEASE MORTALITY ALONG THE CALIFORNIA
COAST ...3.O022
UTILIZATION AND MANAGEMENT OF COASTAL MARSHES
AND RESOURCES ...3.0029
SHELLFISH MORTALITY - CHESAPEAKE BAY ...3.0033
MASS MORTALITY OF OYSTERS ALONG THE OREGON
COAST ...3.0060
MASS MORTALITY OF PACIFIC OYSTERS ALONG THE
WASHINGTON COAST ...3.0082
PATHOLOGY EPIZOOTIOLOGY ...3.0113
EXPERIMENTAL REARING OF SALMON AND STEELHEAD
IN BRACKISH WATER IMPOUNDMENTS ...3.0119
EUTROPHICATION OF SHELTERED BAYS IN A LARGE LAKE
...4.0029
Beds Under Water
EUTROPHICATION
...2.0168
EFFECT OF FLOW AUGMENTATION
Beef Husbandry
EFFECT OF BITING FLIES ON WEIGHT GAINS IN CATTLE
...2.0090
Benthos
Benthic Fauna
BIOCHEMICAL ECOLOGICAL RELATIONSHIPS OF PESTI-
CIDES AND THE BIO-CONSTITUENTS OF AQUATIC COM-
MUNITIES ...1.0342
BIOLOGICAL FACTORS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF LAKE
FLIES ...2.0088
EXPERIMENTAL RECLAMATION OF TROUT STREAMS
THROUGH CHEMICAL TREATMENT ...2.0263
RENOVATION OF TROUT STREAMS ...4.0076
Benthic Flora
A STUDY OF ALGAL POPULATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH DIF-
FERENT LEVELS OF WATER QUALITY IN NEW
HAMPSHIRE ...4.0018
2-18
-------
SUBJECT INDEX
Biological Control
EFFECTS OF EUTROPHICATION ON AQUATIC VEGETATION
- PHASE II ...4.0023
Benthic Organisms -nonspecific
GREEN BAY RESEARCH PROGRAM ...1.0112
A STUDY PROGRAM TO IDENTIFY PROBLEMS RELATED TO
OCEANIC ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY - NORTH ATLAN-
TIC ...1.0140
A STUDY PROGRAM TO IDENTIFY PROBLEMS RELATED TO
OCEANIC ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY - NORTH ATLAN-
TIC ...1.0158
OCCURRENCE OF PESTICIDES IN AQUATIC ENVIRON-
MENTS ...1.0219
FIELD STUDIES OF PESTICIDE EFFECTS ON FISHES ...1.0257
THE CRAYFISH (ORCONECTES CAUSEYI) AS A BIOLOGICAL
CONTROL OF AQUATIC VEGETATION ...2.017S
RESEARCH VESSEL OPERATIONS ...3.0048
EUTROPHICATION OF SHELTERED BAYS IN A LARGE LAKE
...4.0029
POST-IMPROVEMENT LIMNOLOGICAL-ANALYSES AND
FISH-POPULATION EVALUATIONS OF CERTAIN STRIP-
MINE LAKES IN SOUTHEAST KANSAS ...4.0078
Benzene
ANAEROBIC DEGRADATION OF AROMATIC COMPOUNDS
IN THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT ...1.0131
Benzimidazole
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF TERRESTIAL MOLLUSKS
...2.0289
Bile
BIOCHEMICAL EFFECTS OF TOXIC CHEMICALS ...1.0303
Bilirubin
EFFECT OF ANESTHESIA ON THE BLOOD CHEMISTRY OF
FISHES ...2.0234
Bioassays
INACTIVATION AND LOSS OF PESTICIDES FROM SOIL
...1.0002
WATER YIELD IN THE CHAPARRAL AND WOODLAND
ZONE OF THE SOUTHWEST ...1.0005
PESTICIDE RESIDUES ON ARIZONA CROPS ...1.0007
PATTERNS OF PESTICIDE CONTAMINATION OF WATER
...1.0039
MOVEMENT OF HERBICIDES OFF, INTO AND THROUGH
SOILS ...1.0071
BEHAVIOR OF SPECIFIC HERBICIDES IN PLANTS AND SOILS
...1.0081
PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF PERSISTENCE AND
MOVEMENT OF HERBICIDES IN SOIL ...1.0090
BEHAVIOR OF SPECIFIC HERBICIDES IN PLANTS AND SOILS
...1.0091
DEVELOPMENT OF ON-SITE BIOASSAY METHODS ...1.0108
PESTICIDE MONITORING PROGRAM LAKE MICHIGAN
...1.0143
RESEARCH INITIATION FATE OF SELECTED OR-
GANOPHOSPHATE AND CARBAMATE INSECTICIDES IN
SURFACE WATERS ...1.0146
PESTICIDE MONITORING PROGRAM ...1.0156
PESTICIDE MONITORING OF AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT.
MICHIGAN PORTION OF THE GREAT LAKES BASIN
...1.0163
PESTICIDES INPUTS AND LEVELS IN MINNESOTA WATERS
OF LAKE SUPERIOR BASIN ...1.0166
PRESTICIDE INPUTS AND LEVELS IN MINNESOTA WATERS
OF THE LAKE SUPERIOR BASIN ...1.0167
A TISSUE ENZYME ASSAY FOR CHLORINATED HYDROCAR-
BON INSECTICIDES ...1.0168
MAYFLY DISTRIBUTION AS A WATER QUALITY INDEX
...1.0169
RELATION OF AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES TO WATER
QUALITY IN NORTH APPALACHIAN REGION ...1.0194
THE BIOASSAY OF WATER POLLUTANTS WITH CULTURED
MAMMALIAN CELLS ...1.0200
ARTIFICIAL SUBSTRATE SAMPLERS AS INDICATORS OF
WATER QUALPTY ...1.0225
PESTICIDE MONITORING PROGRAM ...1.0238
ENZYME SYSTEMS OF ESTUARINE ORGANISMS ...1.0239
LABORATORY BIOASSAYS ...1.0241
EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE IN
THE MOSQUITOFISH, GAMBUSIA AFFINIS ...1.0249
THE EFFECTS OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES ON LARVAL AND
JUVENILE WINTER FLOUNDER IN THE WEWEANTIC
RIVER ESTUARY, MASSACHUSETTS ...1.0253
LABORATORY BIOASSAYS TO DETERMINE TOXIC EFFECS
OF METHOXYCHLOR IN FISH ...1.0264
MODE OF ACTION OF INSECTICIDES AS RELATED TO IN-
SECT METABOLISM AND BEHAVIOR ...1.0266
THE INFLUENCES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS ON
THE TOXICITY OF PESTICIDES ...1.0278
THE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF VARIOUS LIFE STAGES OF FRESH-
WATER FISHES TO THREE TOXICANTS ...1.0279
RELATIVE SUSCEPTIBILITIES OF FISH FAMILIES TO HERBI-
CIDES ...1.0280
PESTICIDE EFFECTS ON FISH ENDOCRINE FUNCTIONS
...1.0288
THE UPTAKE OF DIELDRIN IN THE THREE RIDGED NAIAD,
AMBLEMA PLICATA ...1.0301
EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON ESTUARINE ORGANISMS
...1.0305
STATIC BIOASSAY OF TRACERS AND DYES AGAINST FISH
AND INVERTEBRATES ...1.0316
INFLUENCE OF PROTOZOAN ACTIVITY ON HALOGENATED
HYDROCARBON RESIDUES INTERACTION BETWEEN
MICROORGANISMS AND PESTICIDES ...1.0349
MOSQUITOES IN RELATION TO AGRICULTURAL PRODUC-
TION AND VETERINARY SCIENCE ...2.0062
SEA LAMPREY CONTROL LAKE MICHIGAN CHEMICAL
CONTROL ...2.0203
LAKE SUPERIOR CHEMICAL CONTROL OF SEA LAMPREY
..2.0205
LAKE HURON CHEMICAL CONTROL ...2.0209
BIOASSAY ...2.0211
TIME-CONCENTRATION TESTS INVOLVING NEUTRALIZA-
TION OF ROTENONE WITH POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE
...2.0224
PISCICIDE TOXICOLOGY OF THE CYPRINIDS IN EAST AND
WEST PAULINA LAKES ...2.0228
EVALUATE FISH TOXICANTS (SUNSET LAKE SEGMENT)
...2.0229
EVALUATE FISH TOXICANT (ANTIMYCIN) (EAGLE LAKE
SEGMENT) ...2.0230
STATIC BIOASSAY OF TOXICANTS AGAINST FISH AND IN-
VERTEBRATES ...2.0255
STATIC BIOASSAY OF REPRODUCTIVE CONTROLS AGAINST
FISH AND INVERTEBRATES ...2.0256
STATIC BIOASSAY OF COLLECTING AIDS AGAINST FISH
...2.0257
STATIC BIOASSAY OF ATTRACTANTS AND REPELLANTS
AGAINST FISH AND INVERTEBRATES ...2.0258
CONTINUOUS FLOW BIOASSAY OF TOXICANTS AGAINST
FISH AND INVERTEBRATES ...2.0259
PATHOLOGY RESEARCH ...3.0027
INVESTIGATION OF HANDLING TECHNIQUES ...3.0111
THE TOXICITY AND DRUG RESIDUE LEVEL OF
CHLORAMPHENICOL IN TREATED RAINBOW TROUT
...3.0133
A STUDY OF ALGAL POPULATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH DIF-
FERENT LEVELS OF WATER QUALITY IN NEW
HAMPSHIRE ...4.0018
Biological Control
CLASSIFICATION, BIONOMICS, ECOLOGY CONTROL OF
FOREST INSECTS (OTHER THAN SCOLYTIDAE) IN CAL.
...1.0321
2-19
-------
Biological Control
SUBJECT INDEX
THE IMPORTANCE OF THE FOOD CHAIN IN BOTULISM 1N-
TOXiCATION AMONG WATERFOWL LAKES AND
SLOUGHS OF THE DEVILS LAKE REGION IN NORTH
DAKOTA ..1.0359
CONTROL OF EURASIAN MILFOIL ...2.0156
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL TAMARISK AND OTHER
PHREATOPHYTES ...2.0164
STRIPED BASS STUDIES ..2.0193
Biocontrol -other
INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS: DISEASES TO
MAN OR ANIMALS ...2.0010
MOSQUITO PATHOGENS AS POTENTIAL CONTROL AGENTS
...2.0019
POPULATION GENETICS AND RADIOGENETTCS IN
MOSQUITOES ...2.0038
THE USE OF PHEROMONES BY CARP, CYPR1NUS CARPIO-
RESEARCH ...2.0217
Breeding for Deleterious Char.
SUPPLYING GENETIC MARKER AND INCOMPATIBLE
STRAINS OF CULEX PIPIENS ...2.0012
CYTOPLASMIC INCOMPATIBILITY FOR FILARIASIS CON-
TROL ...2.0013
GENETIC CONTROL OF ANOPHELINES USING TRANSLOCA-
TIONS ...2.0034
RADIATION CYTOGENETICS OF THE YELLOW-FEVER
MOSQUITO, AEDES AEGYPTI ...2.0036
CYTOPLASMIC INHERITANCE AND CONTROL OF CULEX
PIPIENS ...2.0041
INTERSPECIFIC COMPETITION AMONG MOSQUITOES
...2.0047
GENETIC STUDIES ON THE CONTROL OF ARBOVIRUS VEC-
TORS ...2.0048
GENETICS AND REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY OF AEDES
MOSQUITOES ...4.0055
Competition
CONTROL OF WEEDS AND CERTAIN OTHER AQUATIC
PESTS IN THE PACIFIC SOUTHWEST ...2.0101
WEED CONTROL IN IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE SYSTEMS
...2.0104
AQUATIC WEED SUPPRESSION AND CONTROL IN LARGE
CANALS ...2.0132
CONTROL AND UTILIZATION OF AQUATIC PLANTS ...2.0157
CONTROL OF WEEDS IN AQUATIC AND NONCROP AREAS
IN THE UPPER MISSOURI RIVER BASIN ...2.0160
CONTROL OF AQUATIC AND NONCROPLAND WEEDS IN
WYOMING, COLORADO, AND NEBRASKA ...2.0187
SCHISTOSOME CONTROL BY TREMATODE ANTAGONISM
...2.0270
Disease
TO CHARACTERIZE PATHOGENS OF MOSQUITOES ...2.0007
MOSQUITO PATHOGENS AS POTENTIAL CONTROL AGENTS
...2.0019
IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MOSQUITO
PATHOGENS ...2.0020
BIOLOGY OF MICROORGANISMS OF MOSQUITOES ...2.0022
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF INSECTS AFFECTING MAN
...2.0027
INSECT RESISTANCE TO, AND THE GENETIC MECHANISM
OF CHEMICAL CONTROL AGENTS ...2.0029
CULTIVATION OF COELOMOMYCES, A FUNGAL PARASITE
OF MOSQUITOES ...2.0031
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF MOSQUITOES, SAND FLIES,
AND GNATS FOR PUBLIC AND MILITARY PROGRAMS
...2>Q033
VIRAL PATHOGENS . .2.0035
FACTORS AFFECTING ROLE OF MICROORGANISMS IN
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF INSECT PESTS ...2.0037
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF MOSQUITOES, SAND FLIES
AND GNATS OF U.S. COAST ...2.0043
MODE OF ACTION OF A NEW FUNGAL PATHOGEN OF
MOSQUITOES ...2.0070
POTENTIAL OF COELOMOMYCES FOR CONTROLLING
MOSQUITOES ...2.0071
STUDIES ON SOME FUNGAL PARASITES OF MOSQUTroEs
...2.0072
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF MOSQUITOES, SAND FLIES
AND GNATS OF WESTERN U.S. ...2.0079
ACTION MECHANISMS OF INSECTICIDAL DERIVATIVES
...2.0089
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF WATER WEEDS WITH PLANT
PATHOGENS ...2.0121
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF WATER WEEDS WITH PLANT
PATHOGENS ..2.0122
A CRITICAL TEST OF METHODS FOR ISOLATION OF
VIRUSES FOR USE IN CONTROL OF NUISANCE ALGAE
...2.0133
NATURAL ENEMIES OF WTTCHWEED, NUTSEDGE, AND
SEVERAL AQUATIC WEEDS IN INDIA ...2.0135
EUTROPHICATION BIOLOGICAL CONTROL USING
GRAZERS ...2.0170
LYSIS OF BLUE-GREEN ALGAE BY BACTERIAL ENZYMES
AND THEIR POSSIBLE USE IN CONTROLLING ALGAL
BLOOMS ...2.0184
NATURAL ENEMIES OF MYRIOPHYLLUM SPICATUM IN YU-
GOSLAVIA ...2.0188
SCHISTOSOME CONTROL BY TREMATODE ANTAGONISM
...2.0270
THE EFFECT OF POLLUTION ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF LPP
PHYCO-VIRUSES IN RELATION TO POLLUTION OF THE
CHRISTINA RIVER ...4.0004
THE NUTRITION AND BEHAVIOR OF MOSQUITOES ...4.0033
MOSQUITOES OF MALAYSIA ...4.0060
Life Cycle Disruption of Pest
INCIDENCE BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF FASCIOLA
HEPATICA IN THE SOUTHWEST ...2.0280
Parasites
ECOLOGY AND CONTROL OF CERTAIN PARASITIC DIP-
TERA ...2.0001
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF MOSQUITOES IN CENTRAL AND
NORTHERN CALIFORNIA ...2.0006
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF INSECTS AFFECTING MAN
...2.0027
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF MOSQUITOES, SAND FLIES,
AND GNATS OF U.S. COAST ...2.0043
FACTORS AFFECTING THE ROLE OF MICROORGANISMS IN
THE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF INSECT PESTS ...2.00S3
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF ARTHROPOD PESTS OF
LIVESTOCK ...2.0057
INSECT SURVEY OF MONTANA ...2.0058
INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS ...2.0081
BIOLOGICAL FACTORS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF LAKE
FLIES ...2.0088
EUTROPHICATION BIOLOGICAL CONTROL USING
GRAZERS ...2.0170
SCHISTOSOME CONTROL BY TREMATODE ANTAGONISM
...2.0270
THE BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF THE SNAIL INTER-
MEDIATE HOST OF SCHISTOSOMES ...2.0276
BIOLOGY AND BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF SCHISTOSOM1A-
SIS ...2.0277
THE NUTRITION AND BEHAVIOR OF MOSQUITOES ...4.0033
DYNAMICS, BEHAVIOR AND IMPACT OF ECONOMIC IN-
SECTS ...4.0053
AQUATIC & SEMI-AQUATIC D1PTERA STUDIES ...4.0073
Predators
EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE IN
THE MOSQUITOFISH, GAMBUSIA AFFINIS ...1.0249
ECOLOGICAL STUDIES OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT PRAC-
TICES ...1.0327
ECOLOGY AND CONTROL OF CERTAIN PARASITIC DIP-
TERA ...2.0001
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF MOSQUITOES IN CENTRAL AND
NORTHERN CALIFORNIA ...2.0006
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF MOSQUITOES IN IRRIGATED
AND WATER MANAGEMENT AREAS ...2.0011
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF MIDGES, GNATS AND
MOSQUITOES ...2.0014
2-20
-------
SUBJECT INDEX
Birds
MOSQUITO PATHOGENS AS POTENTIAL CONTROL AGENTS
...2.0019
BIOLOGY ECOLOGY AND CONTROL OF INSECTS TICKS
AND MITES WHICH ATTACK LIVESTOCK, POULTRY AND
HOUSEHOLD ...2.0040
EFFECT OF PREDATORS AND PARASITES ON MOSQUITO
BREEDING IN LOUISIANA ...2.0045
CONTROL OF BLACK FLIES AND MOSQUITOES IN MAINE
...2.0046
INSECTS AFFECTING MAN ...2.0068
EMERGENCY INSECT CONTROL ...2.0076
DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY OF PENNSYLVANIA SALA-
MANDERS ...2.0080
BIOLOGICAL FACTORS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF LAKE
FLIES ...2.0088
AQUATIC PLANT CONTROL BY HERBIVOROUS AMUR FISH
...2.0092
CHEMICAL CONTROL OF WEEDS IN PONDS ...2.0093
SEARCH FOR AND IMPORTATION OF INSECT ENEMIES OF
AQUATIC WEEDS ...2.009S
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF WEEDS ...2.0099
ECOLOGY AND BIOCONTROL OF AQUATIC WEEDS IN THE
SOUTHEAST ...2.0117
SOUTHEASTERN BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF WEEDS IN-
VESTIGATIONS ...2.0120
MASS REARING OF MARISA CORNUARIETIS FOR BIOLOGI-
CAL CONTROL OF AQUATIC WEEDS IN EMPERATE
WATERS ...2.0124
THE USE OF NUTRIA, WATER BOWL AND GRASS CARP FOR
THE CONTROL OF SUBMERGENT PLANTS ...2.0130
EXPERIMENTAL INTRODUCTION OF EXOTIC FRESHWATER
FISHES ...2.0131
NATURAL ENEMIES OF WITCHWEED, NUTSEDGE, AND
SEVERAL AQUATIC WEEDS IN INDIA ...2.0135
AQUATIC WEED CONTROL BY POND FISHES ...2.0139
INSECTS ON FOREIGN AQUATIC WEEDS IN LOUISIANA
...2.0144
INSECTS ASSOCIATED WITH AQUATIC WEED PESTS OF
FOREIGN ORIGIN ...2.0145
EUTROPHICATION - BIOLOGICAL CONTROL USING
GRAZERS ...2.0170
NATURAL ENEMIES OF EURASIAN WATERMILFOIL IN
PAKISTAN ...2.0173
THE CRAYFISH (ORCONECTES CAUSEYI) AS A BIOLOGICAL
CONTROL OF AQUATIC VEGETATION ...2.0175
METHODS FOR CONTROLLING ALLIGATORWEED AND
OTHER WEEDS IN CANALS, WATERWAYS, AND AD-
JACENT WATERS IN THE SOUTHEASTERN U. S. ...2.0186
NATURAL ENEMIES OF MYRIOPHYLLUM SPICATUM IN YU-
GOSLAVIA ...2.0188
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF SNAILS AND SLUGS ...2.0269
BIOLOGICAL STUDIES OF MALACOPHAGOUS DIPTERA
...2.0282
EUROPEAN SCIOMYZIDAE ...2.0283
STUDY THE BIOLOGY OF A GROUP OF SNAIL-KILLING
FLIES ...2.0287
ENTOMOLOGICAL PESTS OF VEGETABLE CROPS ...2.0288
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF TERRESTIAL MOLLUSKS
...2.0289
MOSQUITOES OF MALAYSIA ...4.0060
AQUATIC & SEMI-AQUATIC DIPTERA STUDIES ...4.0073
Sterile Release
CYTOPLASMIC INCOMPATIBILITY FOR FILARIASIS CON-
TROL ...2.0013
CONTROL OF CULEX NIGRIPALPUS BY STERILITY
METHODS ...2.0032
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF MOSQUITOES, SAND FLIES,
AND GNATS FOR PUBLIC AND MILITARY PROGRAMS
...2.0033
GENETIC CONTROL OF ANOPHELINES USING TRANSLOCA-
TIONS ...2.0034
RADIATION CYTOGENETICS OF THE YELLOW-FEVER
MOSQUITO, AEDES AEGYPTI ...2.0036
MOSQUITO AND HOUSEFLY CONTROL WITH CHEMOSTERI-
LANTS IN EGYPT ...2.0085
Biological Water Properties
DETERMINATION OF THE EFFECTS OF A FERTILIZER-IN-
DUCED PLANKTON TURBIDITY, SUPPLEMENTED BY HER-
BICIDES, ON SUBMERGED AQUATIC PLANTS ...2.0137
FIELD INVESTIGATION OF THE SUBMERSED AQUATIC EN-
VIRONMENT ...4.0003
Bird Studies
Censusing
FISH PRODUCTION AND GAME MANAGEMENT ON THE
IDLEWILD PLANTATION ...2.0142
Endangered Species
INSECTICIDES AND EGG-SHELL DEPOSITION ...1.0368
Food Supply
SELECTED PESTICIDES VS. WILDLIFE IN AQUATIC EN-
VIRONMENTS ...1.0325
EVALUATION OF MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON THE
STATE-OWNED WILDLIFE AREAS ...2.0103
FISH PRODUCTION AND GAME MANAGEMENT ON THE
IDLEWILD PLANTATION ...2.0142
FOREST AND FARM GAME HABITAT; FISH POND ...2.0143
Game Reserves & Preserves
EFFECTS OF A SNAPPING TURTLE POPULATION ON THE
WATERFOWL PRODUCTIVITY OF A MARSH ...2.0292
Management -other
EVALUATION OF MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON THE
STATE-OWNED WILDLIFE AREAS ...2.0103
Mark, Tag or Capture
ARBOVIRUS STUDIES-HOUSTON AND THE TEXAS GULF
COAST ...2.0083
Nesting Sites
SELECTED PESTICIDES VS. WILDLIFE IN AQUATIC EN-
VIRONMENTS ...1.0325
EFFECTS OF A SNAPPING TURTLE POPULATION ON THE
WATERFOWL PRODUCTIVITY OF A MARSH ...2.0292
Pathology
THE IMPORTANCE OF THE FOOD CHAIN IN BOTULISM IN-
TOXICATION AMONG WATERFOWL LAKES AND
SLOUGHS OF THE DEVILS LAKE REGION IN NORTH
DAKOTA ...1.0359
DIAGNOSIS OF DISEASES IN WILDLIFE ...3.0134
Birds
Anseriformes
THE IMPORTANCE OF THE FOOD CHAIN IN BOTULISM IN-
TOXICATION AMONG WATERFOWL LAKES AND
SLOUGHS OF THE DEVILS LAKE REGION IN NORTH
DAKOTA ...1.0359
PESTICIDE LEVELS IN BIRDS WINTERING ON LAKE
MICHIGAN ...1.0367
EVALUATION OF MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON THE
STATE-OWNED WILDLIFE AREAS ...2.0103
THE USE OF NUTRIA, WATER BOWL AND GRASS CARP FOR
THE CONTROL OF SUBMERGENT PLANTS ...2.0130
EVALUATION OF WATERFOWL PREDATOR CONTROL
METHODS ...2.0272
INCIDENCE BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF FASCIOLA
HEPAT1CA IN THE SOUTHWEST ...2.0280
EFFECTS OF A SNAPPING TURTLE POPULATION ON THE
WATERFOWL PRODUCTIVITY OF A MARSH ...2.0292
Birds -nonspecific
FACTORS AFFECTING PESTICIDE TOXICITY ...1.0255
FISHERY RESOURCES PROGRAM ...1.0317
2-21
-------
Birds
SUBJECT INDEX
INVESTIGATION OF MEANS FOR CONTROLLED SELF-
DESTRUCTION OF PESTICIDES ...1.0323
CHEMICAL BIOCIDES IN LAKES ...1.0364
THE EFFECT OF PESTICIDES ON AN ECOSYSTEM ...1.0365
ARBOVIRUS STUDIES-HOUSTON AND THE TEXAS GULF
COAST ...2.0083
INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND DOMESTIC ANIMALS
.2.0087
DEVELOPMENTS OF METHODS RELATED TO TESTING OF
FISH CONTROL AGENTS BIOCHEMICAL METHOD FOR
SEXING FISH ...2.0248
Charadriiformes
PESTICIDE MONITORING OF AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT,
MICHIGAN PORTION OF THE GREAT LAKES BASIN
...1.0163
REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF FISH-EATING BIRDS IN
NORTHERN CALIFORNIA . .1.0320
INSECTICIDES AND EGG-SHELL DEPOSITION ...1.0368
Ciconiiformes
REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF FISH-EATING BIRDS IN
NORTHERN CALIFORNIA ...1.0320
SELECTED PESTICIDES VS. WILDLIFE IN AQUATIC EN-
VIRONMENTS ...1.0325
POSSIBLE BIRD TRANSMISSION OF 'MYXOSOMA
CEREBRALIS1 ...3.0105
AND WILDLIFE PESTICIDE PROBLEMS
Colymbiformes
CURRENT FISH
1.0235
Falconiformes
THE FATE AND EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES IN THE AQUATIC
ENVIRONMENT OF THE FLATHEAD LAKE DRAINAGE
AREA ...1.0297
REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF FISH-EATING BIRDS IN
NORTHERN CALIFORNIA ...1.0320
SELECTED PESTICIDES VS. WILDLIFE IN AQUATIC EN-
VIRONMENTS ...1.0325
INSECTICIDES AND EGG-SHELL DEPOSITION ...1.0368
Galliformes
LIVESTOCK DETOXICATING MECHANISMS OF PESTICIDES
...1.0212
CURRENT FISH AND WILDLIFE PESTICIDE PROBLEMS
...1.0235
CONTROL OF COMMON HOUSEFLY ...2.0005
Passeriformes
CLASSIFICATION, BIONOMICS, ECOLOGY CONTROL OF
FOREST INSECTS (OTHER THAN SCOLYTIDAE) IN CAL.
.1.0321
SWIMMER'S ITCH
AND ECOLOGY .
SWIMMER'S ITCH
AND ECOLOGY .
Pelecaniformes
REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF FISH-EATING BIRDS IN
NORTHERN CALIFORNIA ...1.0320
SELECTED PESTICIDES VS. WILDLIFE IN AQUATIC EN-
VIRONMENTS ...1.0325
Blood Plasma and Serum
EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON MARINE ANIMALS ...1.0243
THE UPTAKE OF AND BIOLOGICAL RESPONSES TO
AROCLORS IN CHANNEL CATFISH ...1.0267
PESTICIDE EFFECTS ON FISH ENDOCRINE FUNCTIONS
...1.0269
SERUM ANALYSIS OF CUTTHROAT TROUT EXPOSED
CHRONICALLY TO METHOXYCHLOR PESTICIDE EFFECTS
ON FISH ENDOCRINE FUNCTIONS ...1.0273
CHARACTERIZATION OF ESTERASE(S) PRESENT IN FISH
BLOOD ...1.0276
INTERMEDIATE HOSTS, DISTRIBUTION
..2.0278
INTERMEDIATE HOST, DISTRIBUTION
..2.0279
PESTICIDE EFFECTS ON NITROGEN METABOLISM IN
TELEOSTS ...1.0289
PESTICIDE EFFECTS ON NITROGEN METABOLISM IN
TELEOSTS ...1.0290
MINERAL IMBALANCE IN BLUEGILLS EXPOSED TO
MALATHION PESTICIDE-INDUCED MINERAL IMBALANCE
IN FISH ...1.0292
EFFECT OF ANESTHESIA ON THE BLOOD CHEMISTRY OF
FISHES ...2.0234
DEVELOPMENTS OF METHODS RELATED TO TESTING OF
FISH CONTROL AGENTS BIOCHEMICAL METHOD FOR
SEXING FISH ...2.0248
THE EFFECTS OF TFM ON THE BLOOD CHEMISTRY OF
FISHES ...2.0252
THE EFFECTS OF THANITE ON THE INORGANIC BLOOD
CHEMISTRIES OF FISHES ...2.0253
THE EFFECTS OF THANITE ON THE ACID-BASE BALANCE
IN THE BLOOD OF FISHES ...2.0254
EFFECTS OF FISH CONTROL ACTS ON BLOOD CHEM & HE-
MATOPOIETIC TISSUE OF FISH. EFFECTS OF ANTIMYCIN
A. ON ACID-BASE BALANCE IN BLOOD OF FISH ...2.0260
HISTOPATHOLOGY OF SALMONID FISHES - BACTERIAL
RED-MOUTH DISEASE HISTOPATHOGENESIS OF RAIN-
BOW TROUT (SALMON GAIRDNERI) ...3.0093
HISTOPATHOLOGY OF SALMONID FISHES: DIAGNOSIS
...3.0095
IMMUNODIAGNOSIS OF WHIRLING DISEASE (MYXOSOMA
CEREBRALIS) ...3.0103
MUCUS & FRESHWATER OSMOREGULATION IN
ANADROMOUS FISHES & RELATIONSHIPS TO MORTALI-
TIES IN THE ALEWIFE ...3.0106
ECOLOGY AND DISEASE TRANSMISSION POTENTIAL
...4.0044
BLUETONGUE TRANSMISSION BY SAND FLIES AND
MOSQUITOES ...4.0045
COMPARISONS BETWEEN ARTHROPOD AND VERTEBRATE
METABOLISM ...4.0049
BIONOMICS OF SELECTED NORTH AMERICAN CULICINE
MOSQUITOES ...4.0054
JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS ON GUAM ...4.0062
PHOTOPERIOD AND TEMPERATURE EFFECTS ON
DIAPAUSE OF THE MOSQUITO CULISETA INORNATA
...4.0074
Boron
ATOMIC ABSORPTION ANALYSIS OF PHOSPHATES IN
WATER ...1.0227
THE ROLE OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF
NUISANCE GROWTHS ...2.0174
Bottom Sampling
PESTICIDE KINETICS ...1.0127
ARTIFICIAL SUBSTRATE SAMPLERS AS INDICATORS OF
WATER QUALITY ...1.0225
PESTICIDE CONTAMINATION OF ENVIRONMENT ...1.0250
CHEMICAL BIOCIDES IN LAKES ...1.0364
EUTROPHICATION EFFECT OF FLOW AUGMENTATION
...2.0168
VIBRIO PARAHAEMOLYTICUS IN CHESAPEAKE BAY
ISOLATION, INCIDENCE AND PATHOGENICITY ...3.0026
A STUDY OF ALGAL POPULATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH DIF-
FERENT LEVELS OF WATER QUALITY IN NEW
HAMPSHIRE ...4.0018
EUTROPHICATION OF SHELTERED BAYS IN A LARGE LAKE
...4.0029
Brackish Water
ENZYMES FOR ANALYSIS AND PURIFICATION OF SALINE
WATER SYSTEMS ...1.0153
DISTRIBUTION OF THE GENUS ERGASILUS (PARASITIC
COPEPOD) IN THE SOUTHEASTERN UNITED STATES
...3.0011
EXPERIMENTAL REARING OF SALMON AND STEELHEAD
IN BRACKISH WATER IMPOUNDMENTS ...3.0119
2-22
-------
SUBJECT INDEX
Carbon
Breakwaters
EUTROPHICATION OF SHELTERED BAYS IN A LARGE LAKE
...4.0029
Bromine -see Also Halogens
EFFECTS OF CHEMICAL IMPURITIES IN WATER DISINFEC-
TION BY HALOGENS ...1.0155
Browse
FISH PRODUCTION AND GAME MANAGEMENT ON THE
IDLEWILD PLANTATION ...2.0142
Calcification, Mineralization
LIVESTOCK DETOXICATING MECHANISMS OF PESTICIDES
...1.0212
California
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF WEEDS ...2.0102
OYSTER DISEASE MORTALITY ALONG THE CALIFORNIA
COAST ...3.0022
ECOLOGY OF MOSQUITOES OF ARID SOUTHEASTERN
CALIFORNIA ...4.0039
Canada
CHARACTERISTICS AND POLLUTIONAL PROBLEMS OF
PESTICIDE MANUFACTURING WASTES ...1.0210
DDT IN SNOW FALLEN AT HIGH ALTITUDE SINCE 1950
...1.0214
SEA LAMPREY CONTROL REESTABLISHMENT STUDIES
...2.0207
MASS MORTALITY OF PACIFIC OYSTERS ALONG THE
WASHINGTON COAST ...3.0082
PATHOLOGY - EPIZOOTIOLOGY ...3.0113
AQUATIC MYXOBACTERIA, CHONDROCOCCUS COLUM-
NARIS AND OTHER FISH PATHOGENS ...3.0126
Canals
NUTRIENT & WATER INPUTS & OUTGO FROM THE OR-
GANIC & MINERAL SOILS IN THE LAKE APOPKA AREA
...1.0029
CONTROL OF WEEDS AND CERTAIN OTHER AQUATIC
PESTS IN THE PACIFIC SOUTHWEST ...2.0101
EFFECT OF COPPER SULFATE ON AQUATIC WEEDS ...2.0108
LABORATORY STUDY OF AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTAL FAC-
TORS AND PLANT GROWTH STAGES ON AQUATIC WEED
GROWTH AND HERBICIDAL RESPONSE ...2.0111
AQUATIC PEST CONTROL ...2.0112
BASIC PHYSIOLOGY OF AQUATIC WEEDS IN THE
SOUTHEAST ...2.0115
ECOLOGY AND BIOCONTROL OF AQUATIC WEEDS IN THE
SOUTHEAST ...2.0117
THE PHYSIOLOGY AND CHEMICAL CONTROL OF AQUATIC
WEEDS IN THE SOUTHEAST ...2.0118
AQUATIC WEED SUPPRESSION AND CONTROL IN LARGE
CANALS ...2.0132
INSECTS ON FOREIGN AQUATIC WEEDS IN LOUISIANA
...2.0144
INSECTS ASSOCIATED WITH AQUATIC WEED PESTS OF
FOREIGN ORIGIN ..2.0145
CONTROL OF WEEDS IN AQUATIC AND NONCROP AREAS
IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST ...2.0178
METHODS FOR CONTROLLING ALLIGATORWEED AND
OTHER WEEDS IN CANALS, WATERWAYS, AND AD-
JACENT WATERS IN THE SOUTHEASTERN U. S. ...2.0186
NATURAL ENEMIES OF MYRIOPHYLLUM SPICATUM IN YU-
GOSLAVIA ...2.0188
FIELD INVESTIGATION OF THE SUBMERSED AQUATIC EN-
VIRONMENT ...4.0003
Cancer -see Also Neoplasm
EPIDERMAL PAPILLOMAS ...3.0021
CYTOLOGY OF VIRAL NEOPLASMS OF FISH ...3.0045
Carbamates -see Pesticides
FLUORESCENT PROBES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEW
ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR WATER POLLUTION
...1.0137
RESEARCH INITIATION FATE OF SELECTED OR-
GANOPHOSPHATE AND CARBAMATE INSECTICIDES IN
SURFACE WATERS ...1.0146
Carbohydrates
RESPROUTING OF CHAPARRAL ...1.0017
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF WEEDS ...2.0099
THE PHYSIOLOGY AND CHEMICAL CONTROL OF AQUATIC
WEEDS IN THE SOUTHEAST ...2.0118
CONTROL OF WEEDS IN AQUATIC AND NONCROP AREAS
IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST ..2.0178
COMPARISONS BETWEEN ARTHROPOD AND VERTEBRATE
METABOLISM ...4.0049
Cellulose
ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR PESTICIDES AND PESTICIDE
DEGRADATION PRODUCTS ...1.0088
MICROBIOLOGY OF FARM PONDS ...1.0220
Glucose
EFFECT OF ANESTHESIA ON THE BLOOD CHEMISTRY OF
FISHES ...2.0234
THE EFFECTS OF TFM ON THE BLOOD CHEMISTRY OF
FISHES ...2.0252
COMPARISONS BETWEEN ARTHROPOD AND VERTEBRATE
METABOLISM 4.0049
Glucose Compounds
PESTICIDE EFFECTS ON FISH ENDOCRINE FUNCTIONS
...1.0269
Glycogen
PESTICIDE EFFECTS ON FISH ENDOCRINE FUNCTIONS
...1.0269
MASS MORTALITY OF PACIFIC OYSTERS ALONG THE
WASHINGTON COAST ...3.0082
EVALUATION OF STRESS IN FINGERLING SALMON
THERAPEUTIC DRUGS AS STRESS FACTORS ...3.0120
COMPARISONS BETWEEN ARTHROPOD AND VERTEBRATE
METABOLISM ...4.0049
Lignin
ANAEROBIC DEGRADATION OF AROMATIC COMPOUNDS
IN THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT ...1.0131
Maltose
COMPARISONS BETWEEN ARTHROPOD AND VERTEBRATE
METABOLISM ..4.0049
Sugar
EVALUATION OF SOME ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
CAUSING ALGAL BLOOMS ...2.0165
Trehalose
COMPARISONS BETWEEN ARTHROPOD AND VERTEBRATE
METABOLISM ...4.0049
Carbon
INACTIVATION AND LOSS OF PESTICIDES FROM SOIL
...1.0009
TRANSLOCATION OF PESTICIDES FROM CRANBERRY BOGS
TO THEIR SURROUNDINGS ...1.0056
2-23
-------
Carbon
NEUTRALIZATION OF ROTENONE WITH ACTIVATED CHAR-
COAL ..2.0225
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN WATER QUALITY AND PLANT
GROWTH IN PONDS ..4.0019
(U) REPELLENCY AND ATTRACTIVENESS OF MAN TO
MOSQUITO BITES ...4.0040
Bicarbonates
EFFECTS OF CHEMICAL IMPURITIES IN WATER DISINFEC-
TION BY HALOGENS ...1.0155
Carbon Dioxide
PESTICIDE DETOXICATION MECHANISMS OF MICROOR-
GANISMS IN SOIL AND WATER ...1.0087
DESIGNING A GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING
SYSTEM ...1.0206
IMPROVING WATER QUALITY BY REMOVAL OF PESTICIDE
POLLUTANTS WITH AQUATIC PLANTS ...1.0216
SERUM ANALYSIS OF CUTTHROAT TROUT EXPOSED
CHRONICALLY TO METHOXYCHLOR PESTICIDE EFFECTS
ON FISH ENDOCRINE FUNCTIONS ...1.0273
EFFECT OF HERBICIDES ON AN AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT
...1.0319
AN INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECTS OF DDT AND OTHER
CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS ON THE GROWTH OF
EURYHALINE MICROALGAE ...1.0336
RESPIRATION RATES OF FISH-FOOD INVERTEBRATES EX-
POSED TO PESTICIDES ...1.0355
TESTING ADULT ATTRACTION DEVICES AND
CHEMOSTERILANTS FOR TABANID FLY CONTROL
.2.0024
SYNTHETIC INSECT CONTROL AGENTS, GAINESVILLE
...2.0028
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF MOSQUITOES, SAND FLIES,
AND GNATS FOR PUBLIC AND MILITARY PROGRAMS
...2.0033
FACTORS AFFECTING ROLE OF MICROORGANISMS IN
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF INSECT PESTS ...2.0037
BIOLOGY ECOLOGY AND CONTROL OF INSECTS TICKS
AND MITES WHICH ATTACK LIVESTOCK, POULTRY AND
HOUSEHOLD ...2.0040
THE ROLE OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF
NUISANCE GROWTHS .2.0174
EFFECT OF ANESTHESIA ON THE BLOOD CHEMISTRY OF
FISHES ...2.0234
THE EFFECTS OF THANITE ON THE ACID-BASE BALANCE
IN THE BLOOD OF FISHES ...2.0254
EFFECTS OF FISH CONTROL ACTS ON BLOOD CHEM & HE-
MATOPOIETIC TISSUE OF FISH. EFFECTS OF ANTIMYCIN
A. ON ACID-BASE BALANCE IN BLOOD OF FISH ...2.0260
ENVIRONMENTAL STUDY ...3.0030
LIFE CYCLES OF ROTTBELLIA EXALTATA AND AM-
PHIBROMUS SCABR1VALVIS AND DEVELOPMENT OF
CONTROL MEASURES ...4.0010
POST-IMPROVEMENT LIMNOLOGICAL-ANALYSES AND
FISH-POPULATION EVALUATIONS OF CERTAIN STRIP-
MINE LAKES IN SOUTHEAST KANSAS ...4.0078
Carbonates
EFFECTS OF CHEMICAL IMPURITIES IN WATER DISINFEC-
TION BY HALOGENS ...1.0155
SERUM ANALYSIS OF CUTTHROAT TROUT EXPOSED
CHRONICALLY TO METHOXYCHLOR PESTICIDE EFFECTS
ON FISH ENDOCRINE FUNCTIONS ...1.0273
Carboxylic Acids
PESTICIDE MOBILITY AND DEGRADATION IN SOIL-WATER
SYSTEMS ...1.0034
Cell Organdies & Organoids
Chromosomes
STUDIES IN PHYSIOLOGY ECOLOGY AND LIFE HISTORIES
OF ALGAE ..4.0022
SUBJECT INDEX
Membranes, Cellular
EFFECT OF ULTRASONIC ENERGY ON AQUATIC PLANTS
...2.0096
INFLUENCE OF SUSPENDED MICROSCOPIC SUBSTANCES
ON THE METABOLISM OF MICROORGANISMS RESPONSI-
BLE FOR BIOLOGICAL ENRICHMENT OF WATER ...4.0027
Mitochondria
BIOCHEMICAL EFFECTS OF TOXIC CHEMICALS ...1.0303
MOLLUSCICIDES - A CORRELATION OF STRUCTURE VS
ACTIVITY ...2.0291
Plastids
EFFECT OF ULTRASONIC ENERGY ON AQUATIC PLANTS
...2.0096
Cellular Physiology
Action- & Bioelectrical Pot.
NERVE IMPULSE TRANSMISSION CHARACTERISTICS OF
ISOLATED FISH-NERVE PREPARATIONS PERFUSED WITH
PHYSIOLOGICAL LEVELS OF SELECTED PESTICIDES
...1.0271
PESTICIDE EFFECTS ON FISH ENDOCRINE FUNCTIONS
...1.0291
Adsorption & Interface
OCCURRENCE OF FILAMENTOUS SLIMES ORGANISMS
BELOW OUTFALLS ...4.0009
INFLUENCE OF SUSPENDED MICROSCOPIC SUBSTANCES
ON THE METABOLISM OF MICROORGANISMS RESPONSI-
BLE FOR BIOLOGICAL ENRICHMENT OF WATER ...4.0027
Cell Injury and Autolysis
IN VITRO POTENCY OF SEVERAL ANTICHOLINESTERASE
AGENTS WITH SELECTED MEMBERS OF THE AQUATIC
ENVIRONMENT ...1.0348
EFFECT OF ULTRASONIC ENERGY ON AQUATIC PLANTS
...2.0096
EVALUATION OF SOME ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
CAUSING ALGAL BLOOMS ...2.0165
Environment, Cellular
EFFECT OF ULTRASONIC ENERGY ON AQUATIC PLANTS
...2.0096
EVALUATION OF SOME ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
CAUSING ALGAL BLOOMS ...2.0165
ATMOSPHERIC CONSTITUENTS OF THE TERRESTRIAL-TYPE
PLANETS ...4.0007
Growth and Differentiation
Growth Rate
THE BIOASSAY OF WATER POLLUTANTS WITH CULTURED
MAMMALIAN CELLS ...1.0200
EVALUATION OF SOME ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
CAUSING ALGAL BLOOMS ...2.0165
Growth Repression
PESTICIDES AND MICROBIAL ECOLOGY OF LAKE CHAM-
PLAIN . .1.0213
IN VITRO POTENCY OF SEVERAL ANTICHOLINESTERASE
AGENTS WITH SELECTED MEMBERS OF THE AQUATIC
ENVIRONMENT ...1.0348
EVALUATION OF SOME ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
CAUSING ALGAL BLOOMS ...2.0165
Membrane Permeability
EFFECT OF ULTRASONIC ENERGY ON AQUATIC PLANTS
...2.0096
Metabolism, Intracellular
ANAEROBIC DEGRADATION OF AROMATIC COMPOUNDS
IN THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT ...1.0131
Autotrophic Metabolism
GROUND AND SURFACE WATERS - POLLUTION ...1.0182
2-24
-------
SUBJECT INDEX
Chemical Analysis -pesticides
THE EFFECT OF PESTICIDES ON PRIMARY PRODUCERS IN
A FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEM ...1.0350
ATMOSPHERIC CONSTITUENTS OF THE TERRESTRIAL-TYPE
PLANETS ...4.0007
STUDIES IN PHYSIOLOGY ECOLOGY AND LIFE HISTORIES
OF ALGAE ...4.0022
Bioenergetks
A PROPOSAL TO STUDY PHOSPHATE INDUCED ALGAL
GROWTH IN ORDER TO SUPPRESS OR ELIMINATE THIS
PHENOMENA ...4.0021
Biosynthesis
EVALUATION OF SOME ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
CAUSING ALGAL BLOOMS ...2.0165
Catabollsm and Degradation
PESTICIDE MOBILITY AND DEGRADATION IN SOIL-WATER
SYSTEMS ...1.0023
INTERACTION OF HERBICIDES AND SOIL MICROORGAN-
ISMS .1.0069
PESTICIDE DETOXICATION MECHANISMS OF MICROOR-
GANISMS IN SOIL AND WATER ...1.0087
ANAEROBIC DEGRADATION OF AROMATIC COMPOUNDS
IN THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT ...1.0131
MICROBIOLOGY OF FARM PONDS ...1.0220
DISTRIBUTION AND METABOLIC FATE OF INDUSTRIAL
POLLUTANTS AND PESTICIDES IN A MODEL AQUATIC
ECOSYSTEM ...1.0333
ECOLOGY OF PESTICIDES IN AN AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM
...1.0339
INTERCEPTION AND DEGRADATION OF PESTICIDES BY
AQUATIC ALGAE ...1.0363
UTILIZATION AND MANAGEMENT OF COASTAL MARSHES
AND RESOURCES ...3.0029
Cell Free Metabolism
INHIBITORY EFFECT OF DDT IN ATPASE ASSAY MIXTURES
...1.0309
Control of Metabolism
EVALUATION OF SOME ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
CAUSING ALGAL BLOOMS ...2.0165
Nucleic Adds
CYTOLOGY OF VIRAL NEOPLASMS OF FISH ...3.0045
One-carbon Metabolism
THE EFFECTS OF THANITE ON THE ACID-BASE BALANCE
IN THE BLOOD OF FISHES ...2.0254
Proteins
PHYSIOLOGY OF ESTUARINE ORGANISMS ...1.0242
Respiration
ANAEROBIC DEGRADATION OF AROMATIC COMPOUNDS
IN THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT ...1.0131
ATMOSPHERIC CONSTITUENTS OF THE TERRESTRIAL-TYPE
PLANETS ...4.0007
Model Systems
EVALUATION OF SOME ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
CAUSING ALGAL BLOOMS ...2.0165
Secretory Activity
ANAEROBIC DEGRADATION OF AROMATIC COMPOUNDS
IN THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT ...1.0131
EVALUATION OF SOME ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
CAUSING ALGAL BLOOMS ...2.0165
Cement, Concrete
INVESTIGATIONS OF ALGAE INHIBITING MATERIALS
...2.0106
Cereal Crops
ROW LENGTH, GRADE AND DRAINAGE REQUIREMENTS OF
CROPS ...1.0049
BEHAVIOR OF SPECIFIC HERBICIDES IN PLANTS AND SOILS
...1.0081
CHEMICAL AND SEDIMENT MOVEMENT FROM AGRICUL-
TURAL LAND INTO LAKE ERIE ...1.0192
INVESTIGATION OF RICE IRRIGATION RETURN FLOWS -
TEXAS COASTAL PRAIRIE REGION ...1.0209
FACTORS INFLUENCING OCCURRENCE OF SELECTED
AQUATIC PLANTS IN RICE FIELDS ...2.0141
Channels
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SEDIMENTS
...1.0170
WEED CONTROL IN IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE SYSTEMS
...2.0104
AQUATIC WEED SUPPRESSION AND CONTROL IN LARGE
CANALS ...2.0132
Chemical Analysis -biological
SEASONAL CHANGES IN ESTERASE ACTIVITY IN FISH AND
INVERTEBRATES. INTERACTIONS BETWEEN PESTICIDES
ON FISH ENZYME SYSTEMS ...1.0275
DEVELOPMENTS OF METHODS RELATED TO TESTING OF
FISH CONTROL AGENTS BIOCHEMICAL METHOD FOR
SEXING FISH ...2.0248
PATHOLOGY RESEARCH ...3.0027
(U) REPELLENCY AND ATTRACTIVENESS OF MAN TO
MOSQUITO BITES ...4.0040
Chemical Analysis -pesticides
PESTICIDE RESIDUES ON ARIZONA CROPS ...1.0007
PESTICIDE MOBILITY AND DEGRADATION IN SOIL-WATER
SYSTEMS ...1.0013
RESPROUTING OF CHAPARRAL ...1.0017
ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR PESTICIDES IN SOIL AND
WATER ...1.0018
RESIDUES OF SELECTED PESTICIDES IN PLANTS, ANIMALS,
AND THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT ...1.0019
MOVEMENT AND ADSORPTION OF PESTICIDES IN STERIL-
IZED SOIL COLUMNS ...1.0028
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS OF PESTICIDE USAGE
...1.0038
REDUCTION OF RESIDUES OF INSECTICIDAL CHEMICALS
IN THE ENVIRONMENT ...1.0046
REMOVAL OF CONTAMINANTS FROM RURAL WATER SUP-
PLIES ...1.0047
CONTROL OF PESTICIDES IN SOIL AND WATER ...1.0054
ANALYSIS OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES ...1.0058
PESTICIDAL RESIDUES OF AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS
...1.0063
FATE OF PESTICIDES ...1.0064
SOILS, PESTICIDES AND THE QUALITY OF WATER ...1.0065
INACTIVATION AND LOSS OF PESTICIDES FROM SOIL
...1.0076
PESTICIDE DETOXICATION MECHANISMS OF MICROOR-
GANISMS IN SOIL AND WATER ...1.0087
ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR PESTICIDES AND PESTICIDE
DEGRADATION PRODUCTS ...1.0088
PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF PERSISTENCE AND
MOVEMENT OF HERBICIDES IN SOIL ...1.0090
FATES OF AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS IN SOILS ...1.0092
SOILS, PESTICIDES, AND THE QUALITY OF WATER ...1.0103
INTERFERING SOIL CONSTITUENTS IN DETERMINATION OF
PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN SOIL AND WATER ...1.0109
IDENTIFICATION AND DETERMINATION OF PESTICIDE
RESIDUES IN SOIL AND RUNOFF AND DRAINAGE
WATERS. ...1.0110
ORGANIC SUBSTANCES IN WATER ...1.0119
STUDY OF ELECTROHYDRAULIC WATER TREATMENT
...1.0121
EFFLUENT INFLUENCES OF THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER ON THE
CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY OF ADJACENT OCEAN
SYSTEMS ...1.0130
FLUORESCENT PROBES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEW
ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR WATER POLLUTION
...1.0137
2-25
-------
Chemical Analysis -pesticides
SUBJECT INDEX
THE FATE OF SELECT PESTICIDES IN THE AQUATIC EN-
VIRONMENT ...1.0144
DETECTION AND IDENTIFICATION OF MOLECULAR WATER
POLLUTANTS BY LASER RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY ..1.0151
GEOGRAPHIC ATLAS OF PESTICIDE OCCURRENCE IN THE
BARATARIA BAY-MISSISSIPPI DELTA ...1.0152
ENZYMES FOR ANALYSIS AND PURIFICATION OF SALINE
WATER SYSTEMS ..1.0153
MONITORING OF PESTICIDE LEVELS IN THE GREAT LAKES
...1.0160
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SEDIMENTS
...1.0170
SERVICES FOR THE QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF PESTI-
CIDES IN SEAWATER AND BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES ...1.0172
DEVELOPMENT OF FIELD METHODS IN SAMPLING WATER
FOR PESTICIDE ANALYSIS ...1.0173
PREPARATION OF CHLORINE-36 LABELED OR-
GANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES AND RELATED COM-
POUNDS (PCB'S) ...1.0174
DEVELOPMENT OF ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR
SELECTED HERBICIDES ...1.0175
UPDATING THE 'HANDBOOK OF PROCEDURES FOR PESTI-
CIDE RESIDUE ANALYSIS' METHODOLOGY IN CHEMI-
CAL ANALYSIS AND SAMPLING ...1.0176
RAPID DETECTION OF TOXIC MATERIALS IN WATER
...1.0180
GROUND AND SURFACE WATERS - POLLUTION ...1.0182
CONCENTRATION AND ANALYSIS OF PESTICIDES AND
OTHER RECALCITRANT MOLECULES IN WATER SUP
PLIES BY ULTRAF1LTRATION ...1.0185
AGRICULTURAL CONTRIBUTIONS TO NUTRIENTS IN
WATER ...1.0186
CHROMATOGRAPHIC CONCENTRATION OF PESTICIDES
FROM A LARGE MASS OF WATER ...1.0188
MICROWAVE-EXCITED EMISSION DETECTOR FOR PESTI-
CIDES AND TRACE METAL ANALYSIS ...1.019S
QUANTITATIVE METHODS FOR PESTICIDES IN NATURAL
WATERS ...1.0198
PESTICIDE LEVELS IN WATER AND WILDLIFE OF REEL-
FOOT LAKE, TENNESSEE ...1.0208
LIVESTOCK DETOXICATING MECHANISMS OF PESTICIDES
...1.0212
OCCURRENCE OF PESTICIDES IN AQUATIC ENVIRON-
MENTS ...1.0219
ATOMIC ABSORPTION ANALYSIS OF PHOSPHATES IN
WATER ...1.0227
PESTICIDE CONTAMINATION OF ENVIRONMENT ...1.0250
MAGNITUDE AND NATURE OF POLYCHLORINATED
BIPHENYLS IN COHO SALMON ...1.0262
A TISSUE ENZYME ASSAY FOR CHLORINATED HYDROCAR-
BON INSECTICIDES ...1.0265
PESTICIDE EFFECTS ON NITROGEN METABOLISM IN
TELEOSTS ...1.0289
DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNIQUES FOR IDENTIFICATION OF
PESTICIDES AND THEIR METABOLITES BY MASS SPEC-
TROMETRY ...1.0295
THE FATE AND EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES IN THE AQUATIC
ENVIRONMENT OF THE FLATHEAD LAKE DRAINAGE
AREA ...1.0297
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE USE OF AGRICUL-
TURAL CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS AND THEIR
RESIDUES IN CHANNEL CATFISH ...1.0298
THE UPTAKE OF DIELDRIN IN THE THREE RIDGED NAIAD,
AMBLEMA PLICATA ...1.0301
PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN OR ON RAW AGRICULTURAL COM-
MODITIES .1.0306
SUBLETHAL AMOUNTS OF ORGANIC INSECTICIDES AND
FISH ...1.0313
EFFECT OF HERBICIDES ON AN AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT
.1.0319
THE CHEMISTRY AND TOXICOLOGY OF AGRICULTURAL
CHEMICALS ..1.0322
INVESTIGATION OF MEANS FOR CONTROLLED SELF-
DESTRUCTION OF PESTICIDES ...1.0323
PESTICIDES AND WILDLIFE ...1.0324
THE FATE OF SELECT PESTICIDES IN THE AQUATIC EN-
VIRONMENT ..1.0330
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS OF PESTICIDE USAGE
ECOLOGY OF PESTICIDES IN AN AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM
...1.0339
TRACE LEVELS OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN AGRICUL-
TURAL COMMODITIES IN MARKETING CHANNELS
...1.0344
TOXICOLOGY OF PESTICIDES IN THE ENVIRONMENT
...1.0360
INSECTICIDES AND EGG-SHELL DEPOSITION ...1.0368
AROMATIC SOLVENT AQUATIC HERBICIDES AND EMULSI
FYING AGENT TESTING ...2.0107
THE INFLUENCE OF HERBICIDES USED ON HORTICUL-
TURAL CROPS ON STREAM ECOLOGY ...2.0150
ROTENOIDS FROM TEPHROSIA VOGELII ...2.0198
SEA LAMPREY CONTROL LAKE HURON CHEMICAL CON-
TROL ...2.0204
LAKE HURON CHEMICAL CONTROL ...2.0209
RESIDUES OF MS-222 IN FISH ...2.0236
THE DEVELOPMENT OF ANALYTICAL METHODS CAPABLE
OF MEASURING TFM RESIDUES IN FISH, WATER, AND
OTHER COMPLEX SUBSTRATES ...2.0238
ROUTE(S) OF EXCRETION OF QUINALDINE SULFATE A
FISH ANESTHETIC ...2.0249
Chemical Analysis -water
PESTICIDE POLLUTION OF FARMSTEAD WATER SUPPLIES
IN THE SOUTHEAST ...1.0032
PROPERTIES OF TILE DRAINAGE WATER ...1.0045
REMOVAL OF CONTAMINANTS FROM RURAL WATER SUP.
PLIES ...1.0047
PESTICIDE POLLUTION OF FARMSTEAD WATER SUPPLIES
IN THE NORTHEAST ...1.0052
ORGANIC SUBSTANCES IN WATER ...1.0119
CHEMICAL ANALYSES ...1.0129
EFFLUENT INFLUENCES OF THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER ON THE
CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY OF ADJACENT OCEAN
SYSTEMS ...1.0130
UPPER ST. JOHNS RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY, FLORIDA
...1.0134
GEOGRAPHIC ATLAS OF PESTICIDE OCCURRENCE IN THE
BARATARIA BAY-MISSISSIPPI DELTA ...1.0152
PESTICIDE MONITORING PROGRAM ...1.0156
DEVELOP IN-HOUSE CAPABILITY IN WATER QUALITY
TECHNIQUES FOR ANALYSES OF HEAVY METALS, BAC
TERIA, AND PESTICIDE RESIDUES ...1.0171
SERVICES FOR THE QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF PESTI-
CIDES IN SEAWATER AND BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES . .1.0172
DEVELOPMENT OF FIELD METHODS IN SAMPLING WATER
FOR PESTICIDE ANALYSIS .1.0173
GROUND AND SURFACE WATERS - POLLUTION ...1.0182
CONCENTRATION AND ANALYSIS OF PESTICIDES AND
OTHER RECALCITRANT MOLECULES IN WATER SUP-
PLIES BY ULTRAFILTRATION ...1.0185
OCCURRENCE OF PESTICIDES IN AQUATIC ENVIRON-
MENTS ...1.0219
ATOMIC ABSORPTION ANALYSIS OF PHOSPHATES IN
WATER ...1.0227
DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNIQUES FOR IDENTIFICATION OF
PESTICIDES AND THEIR METABOLITES BY MASS SPEC-
TROMETRY ...1.0295
THE FATE AND EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES IN THE AQUATIC
ENVIRONMENT OF THE FLATHEAD LAKE DRAINAGE
AREA ...1.0297
THE INFLUENCE OF HERBICIDES USED ON HORTICUL-
TURAL CROPS ON STREAM ECOLOGY ...2.0150
CONTROL OF UNDESIRABLE AQUATIC VEGETATION IN
LAKE TANEYCOMO, MISSOURI ...2.0154
RESPONSE OF PLANT COMMUNITIES TO SUSTAINED USE
OF HERBICIDES . .2.0161
EUTROPHICATION EFFECT OF FLOW AUGMENTATION
...2.0168
BIOLOGY OF THE LARVAL SEA LAMPREY ...2.0210
BIOASSAY ...2.0211
EUTROPHICATION OF IOWA LAKES AND STREAMS ...4.00M
EUTROPHICATION OF SHELTERED BAYS IN A LARGE LAKE
...4.0029
2-26
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SUBJECT INDEX
Climatic Regions
POST-IMPROVEMENT LIMNOLOGICAL-ANALYSES AND
FISH-POPULATION EVALUATIONS OF CERTAIN STRIP-
MINE LAKES IN SOUTHEAST KANSAS ...4.0078
Chemical Instrumentation
ORGANIC SUBSTANCES IN WATER ...1.0119
FLUORESCENT PROBES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEW
ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR WATER POLLUTION
...1.0137
CHROMATOGRAPHIC CONCENTRATION OF PESTICIDES
FROM A LARGE MASS OF WATER ...1.0188
MICROWAVE-EXCITED EMISSION DETECTOR FOR PESTI-
CIDES AND TRACE METAL ANALYSIS ...1.0195
Detectors and Sensors
FLUORESCENT PROBES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEW
ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR WATER POLLUTION
...1.0137
DETECTION AND IDENTIFICATION OF MOLECULAR WATER
POLLUTANTS BY LASER RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY ...1.0151
MICROWAVE-EXCITED EMISSION DETECTOR FOR PESTI-
CIDES AND TRACE METAL ANALYSIS ...1.0195
Chemical Treatment
EFFECT OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES AND OTHER ORGANO-
TOXICANTS ON THE QUALITY OF SURFACE AND
GROUNDWATER RESOURCES ...1.0041
PHOTOCHEMICAL METHODS FOR PURIFYING WATER
...1.0115
EFFECTIVENESS OF IODINE FOR DISINFECTION OF PUBLIC
WATER SUPPLIES & TO DETERMINE PHYSIOLOGICAL EF-
FECTS ON A HUMAN POPULATION ...1.0126
EFFECTS OF CHEMICAL IMPURITIES IN WATER DISINFEC-
TION BY HALOGENS ...1.0155
DEEPWATER PILOT PLANT-ENGINEERING AND INTERCEP-
TOR FEASIBILITY ...1.0183
EXPERIMENTAL RECLAMATION OF TROUT STREAMS
THROUGH CHEMICAL TREATMENT ...2.0263
Chlorophyll
GROUND AND SURFACE WATERS - POLLUTION ...1.0182
EFFECT OF ULTRASONIC ENERGY ON AQUATIC PLANTS
...2.0096
THE INFLUENCE OF HERBICIDES USED ON HORTICUL-
TURAL CROPS ON STREAM ECOLOGY ...2.0150
MASS MORTALITY OF PACIFIC OYSTERS ALONG THE
WASHINGTON COAST ...3.0082
Cholesterol
PESTICIDE EFFECTS ON FISH ENDOCRINE FUNCTIONS
...1.0269
SERUM ANALYSIS OF CUTTHROAT TROUT EXPOSED
CHRONICALLY TO METHOXYCHLOR PESTICIDE EFFECTS
ON FISH ENDOCRINE FUNCTIONS ...1.0273
Chromatography
ORGANIC SUBSTANCES IN WATER ...1.0119
THE EFFECTS OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES ON LARVAL AND
JUVENILE WINTER FLOUNDER IN THE WEWEANTIC
RIVER ESTUARY, MASSACHUSETTS ...1.0253
Column Chromatography
CHROMATOGRAPHIC CONCENTRATION OF PESTICIDES
FROM A LARGE MASS OF WATER ...1.0188
DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNIQUES FOR IDENTIFICATION OF
PESTICIDES AND THEIR METABOLITES BY MASS SPEC-
TROMETRY ...1.0295
THE FATE AND EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES IN THE AQUATIC
ENVIRONMENT OF THE FLATHEAD LAKE DRAINAGE
AREA ...1.0297
Gas Chromatography
RESIDUES OF SELECTED PESTICIDES IN PLANTS, ANIMALS,
AND THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT ...1.0019
PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN PLANTS, ANIMALS, SOILS, AND
WATER ...1.0075
DEVELOPMENT OF ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR
SELECTED HERBICIDES ...1.0175
PESTICIDE MONITORING ...1.0217
INSECTICIDE ADSORPTION BY LAKE SEDIMENTS AS A FAC-
TOR CONTROLLING INSECTICIDE ACCUMULATION IN
LAKES ...1.0224
SYNTHETIC INSECT CONTROL AGENTS, GAINESVILLE
...2.0028
THE DEVELOPMENT OF ANALYTICAL METHODS CAPABLE
OF MEASURING TFM RESIDUES IN FISH, WATER, AND
OTHER COMPLEX SUBSTRATES ...2.0238
Partition Chromatography
CHROMATOGRAPHIC CONCENTRATION OF PESTICIDES
FROM A LARGE MASS OF WATER ...1.0188
Thin Layer Chromatography
ANALYSIS OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES ...1.0058
DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNIQUES FOR IDENTIFICATION OF
PESTICIDES AND THEIR METABOLITES BY MASS SPEC-
TROMETRY ...1.0295
Clay Minerals
Dlite
SORPTION AND DESORPTION OF CHLORINATED
HYDROCARBON PESTICIDES IN AQUATIC SEDIMENT
MINERALS ...1.0181
Kaolinite
PESTICIDE MOBILITY AND DEGRADATION IN SOIL-WATER
SYSTEMS ...1.0013
SOILS, PESTICIDES, AND THE QUALITY OF WATER ...1.0103
SORPTION AND DESORPTION OF CHLORINATED
HYDROCARBON PESTICIDES IN AQUATIC SEDIMENT
MINERALS ...1.0181
Montmorillonite
CHARACTERIZATION OF SURFACES OF CRYSTALLINE AND
AMORPHOUS SOIL COLLOIDS ...1.0042
INACTIVATION AND LOSS OF PESTICIDES FROM SOIL
...1.0076
SOILS, PESTICIDES, AND THE QUALITY OF WATER ...1.0103
ALTERING PERSISTENCE AND MOVEMENT OF HERBICIDES
IN SOIL, WATER, AND PLANTS ...1.0106
SORPTION AND DESORPTION OF CHLORINATED
HYDROCARBON PESTICIDES IN AQUATIC SEDIMENT
MINERALS ...1.0181
Vermiculite
CHARACTERIZATION OF SURFACES OF CRYSTALLINE AND
AMORPHOUS SOIL COLLOIDS ...1.0042
Climatic Regions
Arid and Desert
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF SNAILS AND SLUGS ...2.0269
ECOLOGY OF MOSQUITOES OF ARID SOUTHEASTERN
CALIFORNIA ...4.0039
Humid
AGRICULTURAL CONTRIBUTIONS TO NUTRIENTS IN
WATER ...1.0186
Semi - Arid
MOVEMENT OF CHLORINATED HYDROCARBON INSECTI-
CIDES IN SOILS ...1.0011
REACTIONS OF PESTICIDES WITH SOILS IN RELATION TO
SOIL PRODUCTIVITY IN THE SOUTHWEST ...1.0021
2-27
465-668 O - 72 - 13
-------
Coagulation Factors
SUBJECT INDEX
Coagulation Factors
ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR PESTICIDES AND PESTICIDE
DEGRADATION PRODUCTS ...1.0088
MINERAL IMBALANCE IN BLUEGILLS EXPOSED TO
MALATHION PESTICIDE-INDUCED MINERAL IMBALANCE
IN FISH ...1.0292
Coastlines - Shorelines
EFFECTS OF MOSQUITO CONTROL DITCHING ON HIGH
SALT MARSHES IN NORTH CAROLINA ...2.0075
ALLEVIATION OF LAKE POLLUTION BY UTILIZATION OF
AQUATIC PLANTS FOR NUTRITIONAL, MEDICINAL OR IN-
DUSTRIAL PURPOSES ...2.0152
UTILIZATION AND MANAGEMENT OF COASTAL MARSHES
AND RESOURCES ...3.0029
MASS MORTALITY OF PACIFIC OYSTERS ALONG THE
WASHINGTON COAST ...3.0082
Coatings
INVESTIGATIONS OF ALGAE INHIBITING MATERIALS
...2.0106
Coelenterata
Hydrozoa
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF MIDGES, GNATS AND
MOSQUITOES ...2.0014
Scyphozoa
SEA NETTLE STUDIES IN CHESAPEAKE BAY, LIFE HISTORY
AND ECOLOGY ...2.0273
Cold Storage
LIFE CYCLES OF ROTTBELLIA EXALTATA AND AM-
PHIBROMUS SCABRIVALVIS AND DEVELOPMENT OF
CONTROL MEASURES ...4.0010
Collections
SURVEY OF INSECT PROBLEMS IN MONTANA ...2.0059
SEARCH FOR AND IMPORTATION OF INSECT ENEMIES OF
AQUATIC WEEDS ...2.0095
NATURAL ENEMIES OF EURASIAN WATERM1LFOIL IN
PAKISTAN ...2.0173
MOSQUITOES OF MALAYSIA ...4.0060
Colloids
CHARACTERIZATION OF SURFACES OF CRYSTALLINE AND
AMORPHOUS SOIL COLLOIDS ...1.0042
TRANSLOCATION OF PESTICIDES FROM CRANBERRY BOGS
TO THEIR SURROUNDINGS ...1.0056
INACTIVATION AND LOSS OF PESTICIDES FROM SOIL
...1.0076
PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF PERSISTENCE AND
MOVEMENT OF HERBICIDES IN SOIL ...1.0090
Colombia
ECOLOGY AND DISEASE TRANSMISSION POTENTIAL
...4.0044
Columbia River
RESEARCH VESSEL OPERATIONS ...3.0048
INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF SALMONID FISHES ...3.0049
BIOLOGY OF THE PROTOZOAN PARASITE CERATOMYXA
SHASTA ...3.0050
THE RELATIONSHIP OF TEMPERATURE TO DISEASE OF
SALMONID FISHES ...3.0051
EFFECT OF SUPERSATURATION OF DISSOLVED NITROGEN
ON MIGRATING SALMONIDS ...3.0083
RELATIONSHIP OF TEMPERATURE TO DISEASES OF SAL-
MONIDFISH ...3.0116
Compatibility of Pesticides
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS OF PESTICIDE USAGE
...1.0038
COMPARATIVE EFFECTS OF WEED COMPETITION, HERBI-
CIDES AND OTHER WEED CONTROL PRACTICES ON
PLANT RESPONSE ...1.0145
FACTORS AFFECTING PESTICIDE TOXICITY ...1.0255
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS OF PESTICIDE USAGE
...1.0334
CHEMICAL CONTROL OF WEEDS IN PONDS ...2.0093
THE PHYSIOLOGY AND CHEMICAL CONTROL OF AQUATIC
WEEDS IN THE SOUTHEAST ...2.0118
ENTOMOLOGICAL PESTS OF VEGETABLE CROPS ...2.0288
Competition -plants
COMPARATIVE EFFECTS OF WEED COMPETITION, HERBI-
CIDES AND OTHER WEED CONTROL PRACTICES ON
PLANT RESPONSE ...1.0145
AQUATIC PLANT CONTROL BY HERBIVOROUS AMUR FISH
...2.0092
WEED CONTROL IN IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE SYSTEMS
...2.0104
CONTROL AND UTILIZATION OF AQUATIC PLANTS ...2.0157
LYSIS OF BLUE-GREEN ALGAE BY BACTERIAL ENZYMES
AND THEIR POSSIBLE USE IN CONTROLLING ALGAL
BLOOMS ...2.0184
ECOLOGY OF SELECTED SUBMERSED AQUATIC WEEDS
...4.0024
Complement Fixation Tests
CHARACTERIZATION OF THE INFECTIOUS PANCREATIC
NECROSIS (IPN) VIRUS OF TROUT ...3.0031
Computer Methods -general
PESTICIDE MOBILITY AND DEGRADATION IN SOIL-WATER
SYSTEMS ...1.0034
Connecticut
DISEASES OF FISH ...3.0025
Consultants, Advisory Services
DESIGNING A GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING
SYSTEM ...1.0206
Consumer Attitudes, Awareness,
PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN ENVIRONMENT AND EFFECTS ON
MARKETING AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES ...1.0062
Corrosion, Deterioration
INVESTIGATIONS OF ALGAE INHIBITING MATERIALS
...2.0106
EVALUATION OF EFFECTS OF SATURATED HYDROCAR-
BONS ON PRESERVATIVE QUALITY OF CREOSOTE
...2.0267
EFFECT OF PRETREATMENT MOLDING OF SOUTHERN PINE
ON THE PERMANENCE OF THE PRESERVATIVE IN SEA-
WATER EXPOSURE ...2.0295
MARINE PILING ANALYSIS ...2.0296
2-28
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SUBJECT INDEX
Cultural Control of Pests
Cover Crops
WATER YIELD IN THE CHAPARRAL AND WOODLAND
ZONE OF THE SOUTHWEST ...1.0005
VOLATILIZATION LOSSES OF PESTICIDES FROM SOILS
...1.0016
EFFECTS OF VEGETATIVE COVERS UPON RUNOFF FROM
PRINCIPAL SOILS OF WESTERN NORTH CAROLINA
...1.0074
FERTILIZERS AND SEDIMENTS AS WATER POLLUTANTS
...1.0179
Crustacea
Anostraca
AQUATIC WEED CONTROL BY POND FISHES ...2.0139
Cirripedia
NATURAL HISTORY OF PREDATORS AND COMPETITORS
(PREDATOR CONTROL PROGRAM) ...2.0271
Copepoda
PESTICIDES AND WILDLIFE ...1.0324
MOSQUITOES IN RELATION TO AGRICULTURAL PRODUC-
TION AND VETERINARY SCIENCE ...2.0062
DISTRIBUTION OF THE GENUS ERGASILUS (PARASITIC
COPEPOD) IN THE SOUTHEASTERN UNITED STATES
...3.0011
COOPERATIVE FISH DISEASE PROJECT ...3.0012
IMPOUNDMENT EFFECTS ON WATER QUALITY AS
REFLECTED IN PARASITISM OF RESERVOIR BASSES
...3.0018
MOLLUSCAN MORTALITY STUDIES ...3.0032
PARASITES OF FRESH-WATER FISHES IN NORTH CAROLINA
...3.0047
Crustacea -nonspecific
RESEARCH STUDY ON THE EFFECTS OF POLLUTION ON
SUB-TROPICAL FISH AND CRUSTACEANS ...1.0237
BEHAVIOR OF ESTUARINE ANIMALS ...1.0240
ALGAL FOODS OF SHELLFISH (MICROORGANISMS AFFECT-
ING SHELLFISH PROGRAM) ...1.0326
INTERACTION BETWEEN MICROORGANISMS AND PESTI-
CIDES ...1.0351
BIODEGRADATION OF PESTICIDES IN A FRESHWATER
ECOSYSTEM INTERACTION BETWEEN MICROORGAN-
ISMS AND PESTICIDES ...1.0352
IDENTIFICATION OF PARASITES AND DISEASES EFFECTING
MARICULTURE SPECIES ...3.0037
MULTIPLICATION OF ENTERIC VIRUSES IN SHELLFISH
...3.0069
MARINE FISH-CULTURE PATHOLOGY ...3.0070
Diplostraca
Cladocera
FISHERIES UNIT ...1.0203
PESTICIDES AND WILDLIFE ...1.0324
THE FATE OF SELECT PESTICIDES IN THE AQUATIC EN-
VIRONMENT ...1.0330
STUDY OF CHRONIC TOXICITY OF LINDANE TO SELECTED
FRESHWATER FISHES AND FOOD CHAIN ORGANISMS
...1.0337
STUDIES ON THE UPTAKE AND TRANSLOCATION OF CI4-
LABELED DDT AND ALDRIN IN INVERTEBRATE POPULA-
TIONS, FY 1970 ...1.0354
STUDY OF CHRONIC TOXICITY OF PARATHION TO
SELECTED FRESHWATER FISHES AND FOOD CHAIN OR-
GANISMS ...1.0357
Eucarida
Crabs, All
GEOGRAPHIC ATLAS OF PESTICIDE OCCURRENCE IN THE
BARATARIA BAY-MISSISSIPPI DELTA ...1.0152
EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON ESTUARINE ORGANISMS
...1.0304
EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON ESTUARINE ORGANISMS
...1.0305
EFFECTS OF WATER EXCHANGE AND BLUE CRAB CON-
TROL ON SHRIMP PRODUCTION IN LOUISIANA SALT-
MARSH IMPOUNDMENTS ...2.0275
VIBRIO PARAHAEMOLYTICUS IN CHESAPEAKE BAY
ISOLATION, INCIDENCE AND PATHOGENICITY ...3.0026
REPRODUCTION & FUNGAL PARASITES AFFECTING
REPRODUCTION IN LOBSTER, HUMARUS AMERICANNA,
& BLUE CRAB CALLINECTES SAPIDUS, IN N.C. WATERS
...3.0115
Crayfish, All
STUDIES ON THE UPTAKE AND TRANSLOCATION OF C14-
LABELED DDT AND ALDRIN IN INVERTEBRATE POPULA-
TIONS, FY 1970 ...1.0354
THE CRAYFISH (ORCONECTES CAUSEYI) AS A BIOLOGICAL
CONTROL OF AQUATIC VEGETATION ...2.0175
Hippolyte
RESIDUES OF SELECTED PESTICIDES IN PLANTS, ANIMALS,
AND THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT ...1.0019
LABORATORY BIOASSAYS ...1.0241
PHYSIOLOGY OF ESTUARINE ORGANISMS ...1.0242
EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON MARINE ANIMALS ...1.0244
STUDIES ON THE UPTAKE AND TRANSLOCATION OF CI4-
LABELED DDT AND ALDRIN IN INVERTEBRATE POPULA-
TIONS, FY 1970 ...1.0354
EFFECTS OF MOSQUITO CONTROL DITCHING ON HIGH
SALT MARSHES IN NORTH CAROLINA, PHASE 1 ...2.0073
EFFECT OF CONTROLLING SALT-MARSH MOSQUITOES
...2.0082
EFFECTS OF WATER EXCHANGE AND BLUE CRAB CON-
TROL ON SHRIMP PRODUCTION IN LOUISIANA SALT-
MARSH IMPOUNDMENTS ...2.0275
VIBRIO PARAHAEMOLYTICUS IN CHESAPEAKE BAY
ISOLATION, INCIDENCE AND PATHOGENICITY ...3.0026
UTILIZATION AND MANAGEMENT OF COASTAL MARSHES
AND RESOURCES ...3.0029
SALT WATER POND RESEARCH ...3.0073
Lobsters, All
REPRODUCTION & FUNGAL PARASITES AFFECTING
REPRODUCTION IN LOBSTER, HUMARUS AMERICANNA,
& BLUE CRAB CALLINECTES SAPIDUS, IN N.C. WATERS
...3.0115
Ostracoda
AN EVALUATION OF WIDELY USED HERBICIDES ON
AQUATIC PLANTS, FISH AND FISH-FOOD ORGANISMS
...1.0343
Peracarida
Amphipoda
LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON AQUATIC INVER-
TEBRATES ...1.0258
STUDY OF CHRONIC TOXICITY OF LINDANE TO SELECTED
FRESHWATER FISHES AND FOOD CHAIN ORGANISMS
...1.0337
STUDY OF CHRONIC TOXICITY OF PARATHION TO
SELECTED FRESHWATER FISHES AND FOOD CHAIN OR-
GANISMS ...1.0357
Isopoda
EVALUATION OF EFFECTS OF SATURATED HYDROCAR-
BONS ON PRESERVATIVE QUALITY OF CREOSOTE
...2.0267
EFFECT OF PRETREATMENT MOLDING OF SOUTHERN PINE
ON THE PERMANENCE OF THE PRESERVATIVE IN SEA-
WATER EXPOSURE . .2.0295
Cultural Control of Pests
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF PASTURE MOSQUITOES
...2.0008
THE CONTROL OF SLUGS ...2.0294
2-29
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Cultural Control of Pests
SUBJECT INDEX
Cultcontrol -other
FISH PRODUCTION AND GAME MANAGEMENT ON THE
IDLEWILD PLANTATION ...2.0142
EUTROPHICATION - EFFECT OF FLOW AUGMENTATION
...2.0168
EUTROPHICATION - BIOLOGICAL CONTROL USING
GRAZERS ...2.0170
Cutting Sequence
PROCESSING, CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, AND NUTRITIVE
VALUE OF AQUATIC WEEDS ...2.0119
THE USE OF NUTRIA, WATER BOWL AND GRASS CARP FOR
THE CONTROL OF SUBMERGENT PLANTS ...2.0130
ALLEVIATION OF LAKE POLLUTION BY UTILIZATION OF
AQUATIC PLANTS FOR NUTRITIONAL, MEDICINAL OR IN-
DUSTRIAL PURPOSES ...2.0152
EUTROPHICATION EFFECT OF WEED HARVESTING
...2.0169
CONTROL OF WEEDS IN AQUATIC AND NONCROP AREAS
IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST ...2.0178
IMPROVING SURFACE WATER CONDITIONS THROUGH
CONTROL AND DISPOSAL OF AQUATIC VEGETATION,
PHASE II ...2.0181
CHANGES IN WATER ENVIRONMENT RESULTING FROM
AQUATIC PLANT CONTROL ...2.0183
NUTRIENT CONTROL PROJECT DETROIT LAKES, MIN-
NESOTA ...4.0015
Nutritional Regulation (host)
AN EVALUATION OF WIDELY USED HERBICIDES ON
AQUATIC PLANTS, FISH AND FISH-FOOD ORGANISMS
...1.0343
BIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL FACTORS INFLUENCING
THE DEVELOPMENT OF LARVAL MOSQUITO POPULA-
TIONS ...2.0052
DETERMINATION OF THE EFFECTS OF A FERTILIZER-IN-
DUCED PLANKTON TURBIDITY, SUPPLEMENTED BY HER-
BICIDES, ON SUBMERGED AQUATIC PLANTS ...2.0137
EUTROPHICATION EFFECT OF FLOW AUGMENTATION
...2.0168
EUTROPHICATION EFFECT OF WEED HARVESTING
...2.0169
EUTROPHICATION OF IOWA LAKES AND STREAMS ...4.0008
THE ECOLOGY OF SELECTED SUBMERSED AQUATIC
WEEDS ...4.0014
TISSUE ANALYSIS FOR NUTRIENT ASSAY OF NATURAL
WATERS ...4.0030
Planting Sequence or Method
CONTROL AND UTILIZATION OF AQUATIC PLANTS ...2.0157
Soil Tillage Sequence / Method
CONTROL OF AQUATIC AND NONCROPLAND WEEDS IN
WYOMING, COLORADO, AND NEBRASKA ...2.0187
Culture, Tissue, Organ, Cell
Algal Culture
ALGAL FOODS OF SHELLFISH (MICROORGANISMS AFFECT-
ING SHELLFISH PROGRAM) ...1.0326
STUDIES IN PHYSIOLOGY ECOLOGY AND LIFE HISTORIES
OF ALGAE ...4.0022
Axenic Culture
INFLUENCE OF PROTOZOAN ACTIVITY ON HALOGENATED
HYDROCARBON RESIDUES INTERACTION BETWEEN
MICROORGANISMS AND PESTICIDES ...1.0349
USE OF CELL CULTURE METHODS TO ATTEMPT TO FOL-
LOW DEVELOPING STAGES OF SPORES ...3.0062
Cell Lines
THE BIOASSAY OF WATER POLLUTANTS WITH CULTURED
MAMMALIAN CELLS ...1.0200
DEVELOPMENT OF NEW FISH CELL LINES ...3.0008
CULTIVATION OF INSECT PHASE OF AVIAN PLASMODIA
...4.0036
Fungal Culture
MODE OF ACTION, TOXICITY, AND FACTORS INFLUENC-
ING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF FUNGICIDES ...1.0082
POTENTIAL OF COELOMOMYCES FOR CONTROLLING
MOSQUITOES ...2.0071
Invertebrate Culture
MASS REARING OF MAR1SA CORNUARIETIS FOR BIOLOGI-
CAL CONTROL OF AQUATIC WEEDS IN EMPERATE
WATERS ...2.0124
COOPERATIVE FISH DISEASE PROJECT ...3.0012
INVESTIGATIONS OF AMEBIASIS IN FISH ...3.0014
USE OF CELL CULTURE METHODS TO ATTEMPT TO FOL-
LOW DEVELOPING STAGES OF SPORES ...3.0062
ECOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF THE DEVELOPMENT AND
FEEDING HABITS OF SIMULIUM SPP. (BLACK FLIES)
...4.0069
Tissue Culture
USE OF CELL CULTURE METHODS TO ATTEMPT TO FOL-
LOW DEVELOPING STAGES OF SPORES ...3.0062
Viral Culture
COOPERATIVE FISH DISEASE PROJECT ...3.0009
Currents -water
EUTROPHICATION EFFECT OF FLOW AUGMENTATION
...2.0168
EUTROPHICATION OF SHELTERED BAYS IN A LARGE LAKE
...4.0029
Cyanate & Cyanides
CONTROL OF HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL SPILLS BY PHYSI-
CAL BARRIERS ...1.0086
TOXIC SUBSTANCES AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF
HYACINTHS AND OTHER WATER PLANTS ...4.0005
Data Acquisition
RAPID DETECTION OF TOXIC MATERIALS IN WATER
...1.0180
EUTROPHICATION EFFECT OF FLOW AUGMENTATION
...2.0168
Data Analysis
PESTICIDE MOBILITY AND DEGRADATION IN SOIL-WATER
SYSTEMS ...1.0034
CHARACTERISTICS AND POLLUTIONAL PROBLEMS OF
PESTICIDE MANUFACTURING WASTES ...1.0093
WATERSHED ANALYSIS RELATING TO EUTROPHICATION
OF LAKE MICHIGAN ...1.0162
ASSESSMENT OF LAKE TROUT AND ASSOCIATED SPECIES
IN LAKES MICHIGAN AND SUPERIOR ...2.0264
Degradation
PESTICIDE MOBILITY AND DEGRADATION IN SOIL-WATER
SYSTEMS ...1.0013
BEHAVIOR OF POLLUTANTS IN WATER ...1.0022
ROW LENGTH, GRADE AND DRAINAGE REQUIREMENTS OF
CROPS ...1.0049
METHODS FOR DISPOSAL OF SPILLED AND UNUSED PESTI-
CIDES ...1.0060
INACTIVATION AND LOSS OF PESTICIDES FROM SOIL
...1.0076
BEHAVIOR OF CHEMICALS INTRODUCED INTO THE
FOREST ENVIRONMENT AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE
ECOSYSTEM ...1.0083
ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR PESTICIDES AND PESTICIDE
DEGRADATION PRODUCTS ...1.0088
SOILS, PESTICIDES, AND THE QUALITY OF WATER ...1.0103
GREEN BAY RESEARCH PROGRAM ...1.0112
2-30
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SUBJECT INDEX
Degradation
METABOLISM OF ENDRIN IN PONDS ...1.0113
STUDY OF ELECTROHYDRAULIC WATER TREATMENT
...1.0111
PESTICIDE KINETICS ...1.0127
DEVELOP EFFECTIVE TREATMENT METHODS FOR HARD
PESTIDICIDES ...1.0136
SOILS, PESTICIDES AND THE QUALITY OF WATER ...1.0141
RESEARCH INITIATION - FATE OF SELECTED OR-
GANOPHOSPHATE AND CARBAMATE INSECTICIDES IN
SURFACE WATERS ...1.0146
DEVELOP EFFECTIVE TREATMENT METHODS FOR HARD
PESTICIDES ...1.0197
INSECTICIDE ADSORPTION BY LAKE SEDIMENTS AS A FAC-
TOR CONTROLLING INSECTICIDE ACCUMULATION IN
LAKES ...1.0223
METHODS FOR CONTROLLING ALLIGATORWEED AND
OTHER WEEDS IN CANALS, WATERWAYS, AND AD-
JACENT WATERS IN THE SOUTHEASTERN U. S. ...2.0186
SELECTIVE REMOVAL OF VARIOUS FISH SPECIES WITH AN-
TIMYCIN ...2.0240
THE EFFICACY OF MONSANTO NO. 51294 AS A FISH TOXI-
CANT (LABORATORY) ...2.0243
THE EFFICACY AND PERSISTENCE OF FORMULATIONS OF
ANTIMYCIN ...2.0244
ESTABLISH MINIMUM DOSES OF ANTIMYCIN AND
ROTENONE NEEDED FOR TOTAL KILLS OF TARGET
FISHES ...2.0247
Biodegradation
ENZYMES FOR ANALYSIS AND PURIFICATION OF SALINE
WATER SYSTEMS ...1.0153
INSECTICIDE ADSORPTION BY LAKE SEDIMENTS AS A FAC-
TOR CONTROLLING INSECTICIDE ACCUMULATION IN
LAKES ...1.0223
INSECTICIDE ADSORPTION BY LAKE SEDIMENTS AS A FAC-
TOR CONTROLLING INSECTICIDE ACCUMULATION IN
LAKES ...1.0224
CONSTRUCTION OF PESTICIDES DEGRADABLE BY NOR-
MAL MICROFLORA OF NATURAL WATERS AND SOILS
...1.0331
DISTRIBUTION AND METABOLIC FATE OF INDUSTRIAL
POLLUTANTS AND PESTICIDES IN A MODEL AQUATIC
ECOSYSTEM ...1.0333
Animal
REDUCTION OF HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH RESIDUES OF
INSECTICIDAL CHEMICALS IN THE ENVIRONMENT
...1.0037
A TISSUE ENZYME ASSAY FOR CHLORINATED HYDROCAR-
BON INSECTICIDES ...1.0168
EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON ESTUARINE ORGANISMS
...1.0305
EFFECT OF HERBICIDES ON AN AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT
...1.0319
PESTICIDES AND WILDLIFE ...1.0324
ECOLOGY OF PESTICIDES IN AN AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM
...1.0339
EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON NON-TARGET ORGANISMS
...1.0341
STUDIES ON INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE IN MOSQUITOES
...2.0017
RELATION OF APPLICATION METHODS, CONCENTRATION,
AND VOLUME OF INSECTICIDE TO CATTLE INSECT CON-
TROL ...2.0039
ACTION MECHANISMS OF INSECTICIDAL DERIVATIVES
...2.0089
METABOLISM AND EXCRETION OF TFM ...2.0251
Biodegradation -other
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS OF PESTICIDE USAGE
...1.0038
TOXAPHENE CONTAMINATION - ESTUARINE ECOLOGY
...1.0139
INFLUENCE OF PROTOZOAN ACTIVITY ON HALOGENATED
HYDROCARBON RESIDUES INTERACTION BETWEEN
MICROORGANISMS AND PESTICIDES ...1.0349
Micro-organism
PESTICIDE MOBILITY AND DEGRADATION IN SOIL-WATER
SYSTEMS ...1.0023
PESTICIDE MOBILITY AND DEGRADATION IN SOIL-WATER
SYSTEMS ...1.0034
HERBICIDE EQUILIBRIA OF LATOSOLIC SOIL ...1.0035
FATE OF PESTICIDES ...1.0064
MICROBIOLOGY OF FARM PONDS ...1.0220
TERMINAL RESIDUES OF CHLORINATED HYDROCARBON
PESTICIDES IN LAKE MICHIGAN AND ASSOCIATED
TRIBUTARIES ...1.0222
CONSTRUCTION OF PESTICIDES DEGRADABLE BY NOR-
MAL MICROFLORA OF NATURAL WATERS AND SOILS
...1.0331
BIODEGRADATION OF PESTICIDES IN A FRESHWATER
ECOSYSTEM - INTERACTION BETWEEN MICROORGAN-
ISMS AND PESTICIDES ...1.0352
INTERCEPTION AND DEGRADATION OF PESTICIDES BY
AQUATIC ALGAE ...1.0363
ACTION MECHANISMS OF INSECTICIDAL DERIVATIVES
...2.0089
Plant
REDUCTION OF HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH RESIDUES OF
INSECTICIDAL CHEMICALS IN THE ENVIRONMENT
...1.0037
REDUCTION OF PESTICIDE RESIDUE HAZARDS ...1.0040
INSECTICIDAL CHEMICALS IN THE ENVIRONMENT ...1.0043
FATE OF PESTICIDES ...1.0064
FACTORS INFLUENCING INSECTICIDE RESIDUES IN FOOD,
FORAGE AND OIL CROPS, AND SOIL ...1.0077
FATE OF HERBICIDES IN PLANTS AND SOILS ...1.0095
IMPROVING WATER QUALITY BY REMOVAL OF PESTICIDE
POLLUTANTS WITH AQUATIC PLANTS ...1.0216
EFFECT OF HERBICIDES ON AN AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT
...1.0228
EFFECT OF HERBICIDES ON AN AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT
...1.0319
PESTICIDES AND WILDLIFE ...1.0324
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF AQUATIC WEEDS ...2.0162
STUDIES IN PHYSIOLOGY ECOLOGY AND LIFE HISTORIES
OF ALGAE ...4.0022
Chemical Degradation
DEVELOPMENT OF A TECHNIQUE FOR THE CONTROLLED
SELF-DESTRUCTION OF FIELD-APPLIED DDT ...1.0014
RESIDUES OF SELECTED PESTICIDES IN PLANTS, ANIMALS,
AND THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT ...1.0019
DISPOSITION OF PESTICIDES IN THE SOIL ...1.0031
FATE OF PESTICIDES ...1.0064
TOXAPHENE CONTAMINATION ESTUARINE ECOLOGY
...1.0139
INSECTICIDE ADSORPTION BY LAKE SEDIMENTS AS A FAC-
TOR CONTROLLING INSECTICIDE ACCUMULATION IN
LAKES ...1.0223
INSECTICIDE ADSORPTION BY LAKE SEDIMENTS AS A FAC-
TOR CONTROLLING INSECTICIDE ACCUMULATION IN
LAKES ...1.0224
INVESTIGATION OF MEANS FOR CONTROLLED SELF-
DESTRUCTION OF PESTICIDES ...1.0323
PREVENTION OF PESTICIDE POLLUTION FROM COASTAL
INSECT CONTROL PROGRAMS ...1.0358
Physical Degradation
PESTICIDE MOBILITY AND DEGRADATION IN SOIL-WATER
SYSTEMS ...1.0023
REDUCTION OF RESIDUES OF INSECTICIDAL CHEMICALS
IN THE ENVIRONMENT ...1.0046
FATE OF PESTICIDES ...1.0064
FATE AND PERSISTENCE OF PESTICIDES AND PHYSIOLOGI-
CALLY ACTIVE DEGRADATION PRODUCTS ...1.0089
BEHAVIOR OF SPECIFIC HERBICIDES IN PLANTS AND SOILS
...1.0091
PHOTOCHEMICAL METHODS FOR PURIFYING WATER
...1.0115
STUDY OF ELECTROHYDRAULIC WATER TREATMENT
...1.0121
EFFECT OF HERBICIDES ON AN AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT
...1.0319
2-31
-------
Degradation
Thermal Decomposition
SUBJECT INDEX
SOILS, PESTICIDES, AND THE QUALITY OF WATER ...1.0103
Deguelin
ROTENOIDS FROM TEPHROSIA VOGELII ...2.0198
Delaware River
DEEPWATER PILOT PLANT ENGINEERING AND INTERCEP-
TOR FEASIBILITY STUDY ...1.0184
Deltas
WATER AND SOIL POLLUTION BY FARM CHEMICALS IN
THE LOWER MISSISSIPPI DELTA ...1.0050
GEOGRAPHIC ATLAS OF PESTICIDE OCCURRENCE IN THE
BARATARIA BAY-MISSISSIPPI DELTA ...1.0152
Destratification
ALGAE CONTROL BY ARTIFICIAL MIXING IN LAKE
COCHITUATE ...2.0149
EUTROPHICATION PHYSICAL ECOLOGICAL CONTROL
...2.0171
RESEARCH IN LIMNOLOGY INTERRELATIONS OF
HYDROLOGY AND AQUATIC ECOLOGY ...4.0002
Developmental Biology - Animal
EFFECT OF ENDRIN ON EGG-SPERM FORMATION AND
EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT ...1.0229
EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON MARINE ANIMALS ...1.0244
SEA LAMPREY CONTROL REESTABLISHMENT STUDIES
...2.0207
BIOLOGY OF THE LARVAL SEA LAMPREY ...2.0210
STUDY OF THE INCIDENCE AND LIFE CYCLES OF MYX-
OSPORIDIAL INFECTIONS IN WARM WATER FISHES
(REVISED) ...3.0020
ECOLOGY OF RECREATIONALLY IMPORTANT ESTUARINE
FISHES IN OREGON ...3.0052
Dispersion -water
Dewatering
IMPROVING SURFACE WATER CONDITIONS THROUGH
CONTROL AND DISPOSAL OF AQUATIC VEGETATION
...2.0182
Dicumarol
DEVELOPMENT OF RHODAMINE-B DYE TO TRACE FLOW
AND DISPERSION PATTERNS IN STREAMS AS AN AD
JUNCT TO TREATING STREAMS WITH FISH-CONTROL
CHEMICALS ...2.0245
Distillation
Vacuum Distillation
ORGANIC SUBSTANCES IN WATER ...1.0119
Drainage
NUTRIENT AND WATER INPUTS AND OUTGO FROM THE
ORGANIC AND MINERAL SOILS IN THE LAKE APOPKA
AREA ...1.0027
NUTRIENT & WATER INPUTS & OUTGO FROM THE OR-
GANIC & MINERAL SOILS IN THE LAKE APOPKA AREA
...1.0029
PROPERTIES OF TILE DRAINAGE WATER ...1.0045
ROW LENGTH, GRADE AND DRAINAGE REQUIREMENTS OF
CROPS ...1.0049
SOIL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND SOIL WATER MOVE-
MENT ...1.0072
NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS, HERBICIDE MOVEMENT BY SOIL
WATER AND SOURCES OF CONTAMINATION ...1.0073
QUALITY OF IRRIGATION RETURN FLOW ...1.0102
IDENTIFICATION AND DETERMINATION OF PESTICIDE
RESIDUES IN SOIL AND RUNOFF AND DRAINAGE
WATERS. ...1.0110
AN ECOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF STREAM EUTROPHICA-
TION ...1.0161
GROUND AND SURFACE WATERS - POLLUTION ...1.0182
QUALITY OF STORM WATER DRAINAGE FROM URBAN
LAND AREAS IN NORTH CAROLINA ...1.0187
CHEMICAL AND SEDIMENT MOVEMENT FROM AGRICUL-
TURAL LAND INTO LAKE ERIE ...1.0191
CHEMICAL AND SEDIMENT MOVEMENT FROM AGRICUL-
TURAL LAND INTO LAKE ERIE ...1.0192
ILLINOIS LAWS AFFECTING AGRICULTURE ...1.0332
INSECTICIDE AND NON-CHEMICAL CONTROL OF
MOSQUITOES ...2.0025
EFFECTS OF MOSQUITO CONTROL DITCHING ON HIGH
SALT MARSHES IN NORTH CAROLINA, PHASE 1 ...2.0073
EFFECTS OF MOSQUITO CONTROL DITCHING ON HIGH
SALT MARSHES IN NORTH CAROLINA ...2.0075
WEED CONTROL IN IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE SYSTEMS
...2.0104
Drawdown
TOXIC SUBSTANCES AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF
HYACINTHS AND OTHER WATER PLANTS ...4.0005
Discharge -water
NUTRIENT & WATER INPUTS & OUTGO FROM THE OR-
GANIC & MINERAL SOILS IN THE LAKE APOPKA AREA
...1.0029
AN EVALUATION OF THE INSECTICIDE 'SEVIN' AS A
WATERSHED POLLUTANT ...1.0067
UPPER ST. JOHNS RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY FLORIDA
...1.0134
PROVIDE A CONTINUOUS SURVEY OF THE LITERATURE
ON STORM AND COMBINED SEWERS ...1.0199
PESTICIDE MONITORING PROGRAM LAKE MICHIGAN AND
TRIBUTARIES IN ILLINOIS ...1.0328
DEVELOPMENT OF ACCURATE CHEMICAL INTRODUCTION
TECHNIQUES ...2.0223
OCCURRENCE OF FILAMENTOUS SLIMES ORGANISMS
BELOW OUTFALLS ...4.0009
SOIL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND SOIL WATER MOVE-
MENT ...1.0072
WATERLEVEL MANAGEMENT ON IMPOUNDMENTS OF
LOW QUALITY SOILS ...2.0163
Drift -pesticide
PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN ENVIRONMENT AND EFFECTS ON
MARKETING AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES ...1.0062
Drying Equipment
IMPROVING SURFACE WATER CONDITIONS THROUGH
CONTROL AND DISPOSAL OF AQUATIC VEGETATION
...2.0182
Dyes
DEEPWATER PILOT PLANT-ENGINEERING AND INTERCEP-
TOR FEASIBILITY ...1.0183
2-32
-------
SUBJECT INDEX
Ecology - Animal
EARLY SQUAMATION OF BLUEGILL (LEPOMIS
MACROCHIRUS) AND FATHEAD MINNOWS (PIMEPHALES
PROMELAS) EXPOSED TO AROCLORS ...1.0286
BIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL FACTORS INFLUENCING
THE DEVELOPMENT OF LARVAL MOSQUITO POPULA-
TIONS ...2.0052
PHYSIOLOGY, BIOCHEMISTRY AND CONTROL OF AQUATIC
WEEDS, CHEMISTRY OF HERBICIDES ...2.0105
Echinodermata
Asteroidea
NATURAL HISTORY OF PREDATORS AND COMPETITORS
(PREDATOR CONTROL PROGRAM) ...2.0271
Echinoidea
EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON MARINE ANIMALS ...1.0244
Ecology - Animal
Applied Ecology
Biological Control
BIOLOGY AND BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF SCH1STOSOMIA-
SIS ...2.0277
Pollution Effects
EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON ESTUAR1NE PRODUCTIVITY
...1.0133
EFFECTS OF WATER POLLUTION ON ZOOPLANKTON
...1.0207
BEHAVIOR OF ESTUARINE ANIMALS ...1.0240
TOXICITY OF POLLUTANTS TO STRIPED BASS ...1.0251
RATES OF PESTICIDE BUILDUP IN SALMONIDS RECENTLY
INTRODUCED IN THE GREAT LAKES ...1.0256
LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON AQUATIC INVER-
TEBRATES ...1.0258
PHYSIOLOGIC RESPONSE OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS TO
POLLUTANTS ...1.0260
THE EFFECT OF D1ELDRIN ON SURVIVAL AND DEVELOP-
MENT OF FISH EGGS ...1.0300
THE UPTAKE OF DIELDRIN IN THE THREE RIDGED NAIAD,
AMBLEMA PLICATA ...1.0301
ALGAL FOODS OF SHELLFISH (MICROORGANISMS AFFECT-
ING SHELLFISH PROGRAM) ...1.0326
MECHANISMS OF PESTICIDE ACCUMULATION IN AQUATIC
ORGANISMS ...1.0338
BIOCHEMICAL ECOLOGICAL RELATIONSHIPS OF PESTI-
CIDES AND THE BIO-CONSTITUENTS OF AQUATIC COM-
MUNITIES ...1.0342
ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY OF PESTICIDES ...1.0361
WEED CONTROL IN IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE SYSTEMS
...2.0104
EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION ON FISH DIS-
EASES EFFECT OF HEAT STRESS ON DISEASE RE-
SISTANCE MECHANISMS IN SALMONID FISHES ...3.0089
Aquatic Ecology
ESTUARINE ECOSYSTEMS ...1.0128
EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON ESTUARINE PRODUCTIVITY
...1.0133
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN PESTICIDES AND GEORGIA
FARM POND ECOSYSTEMS ...1.0138
AN ECOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF STREAM EUTROPHICA-
TION ...1.0161
PRESTICIDE INPUTS AND LEVELS IN MINNESOTA WATERS
OF THE LAKE SUPERIOR BASIN ...1.0167
TRANSFER OF PESTICIDES THROUGH WATER, SEDIMENTS,
AND AQUATIC LIFE ...1.0201
FISHERIES UNIT ...1.0203
PESTICIDES RESEARCH ...1.0232
PHYSIOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR OF LARVAE (PHYSIOECOLO-
GY OF SHELLFISH PROGRAM) ...1.0236
BEHAVIOR OF ESTUARINE ANIMALS ...1.0240
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL FACTORS AFFECTING FISH
...1.0246
RATES OF PESTICIDE BUILDUP IN SALMONIDS RECENTLY
INTRODUCED IN THE GREAT LAKES ...1.0256
PHYSIOLOGIC RESPONSE OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS TO
POLLUTANTS ...1.0260
EFFECTS OF PARATHION AND MALATHION ON WARM-
WATER FISH PONDS ...1.0283
THE FATE AND EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES IN THE AQUATIC
ENVIRONMENT OF THE FLATHEAD LAKE DRAINAGE
AREA ...1.0297
THE UPTAKE OF DIELDRIN IN THE THREE RIDGED NAIAD,
AMBLEMA PLICATA ...1.0301
EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON ESTUARINE ORGANISMS
...1.0304
EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON ESTUARINE ORGANISMS
...1.0305
ECOLOGICAL STUDIES OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT PRAC-
TICES ...1.0327
PESTICIDE MONITORING PROGRAM LAKE MICHIGAN AND
TRIBUTARIES IN ILLINOIS ...1.0328
THE FATE OF SELECT PESTICIDES IN THE AQUATIC EN-
VIRONMENT ...1.0330
MECHANISMS OF PESTICIDE ACCUMULATION IN AQUATIC
ORGANISMS ...1.0338
ECOLOGY OF PESTICIDES IN AN AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM
..1.0339
FARM FISH POND MANAGEMENT ...1.0340
BIOCHEMICAL ECOLOGICAL RELATIONSHIPS OF PESTI-
CIDES AND THE BIO-CONSTITUENTS OF AQUATIC COM-
MUNITIES ...1.0342
DETERMINATION OF DIGESTION RATES FOR TROUT
..1.0346
INFLUENCE OF PROTOZOAN ACTIVITY ON HALOGENATED
HYDROCARBON RESIDUES INTERACTION BETWEEN
MICROORGANISMS AND PESTICIDES ...1.0349
INTERACTION BETWEEN MICROORGANISMS AND PESTI-
CIDES ...1.0351
BIODEGRADATION OF PESTICIDES IN A FRESHWATER
ECOSYSTEM INTERACTION BETWEEN MICROORGAN-
ISMS AND PESTICIDES ...1.0352
STUDIES ON THE UPTAKE AND TRANSLOCATION OF C14-
LABELED DDT AND ALDRIN IN INVERTEBRATE POPULA-
TIONS, FY 1970 ...1.0354
EVALUATION OF GIZZARD SHAD AS A FORAGE FISH
..1.0356
THE IMPORTANCE OF THE FOOD CHAIN IN BOTULISM IN-
TOXICATION AMONG WATERFOWL LAKES AND
SLOUGHS OF THE DEVILS LAKE REGION IN NORTH
DAKOTA ...1.0359
PHARMACOLOGICAL AND ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF
PESTICIDES ...1.0362
STUDY ON THE EFFECTS OF FISH TOXICANTS ANTIMYCIN
A AND ROTENONE ON POND COMMUNITIES ...1.0366
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF MOSQUITOES IN IRRIGATED
AND WATER MANAGEMENT AREAS ...2.0011
TESTING ADULT ATTRACTION DEVICES AND
CHEMOSTERILANTS FOR TABANID FLY CONTROL
...2.0024
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF MOSQUITOES, SAND FLIES,
AND GNATS OF U.S. COAST ...2.0043
BIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL FACTORS INFLUENCING
THE DEVELOPMENT OF LARVAL MOSQUITO POPULA-
TIONS ...2.0052
BIOLOGICAL AND SYSTEMATIC STUDIES ON AQUATIC
ARTHROPODS ...2.0054
SURVEY OF INSECT PROBLEMS IN MONTANA ...2.0059
WATER MANAGEMENT IN MOSQUITO IMPOUNDMENTS
...2.0064
MOSQUITO CONTROL IN UPLAND SWAMPS ...2.0065
CONTROLLING MOSQUITOES ON HAYING MEADOWS
...2.0066
EFFECTS OF MOSQUITO CONTROL DITCHING ON HIGH
SALT MARSHES IN NORTH CAROLINA, PHASE 1 ...2.0073
EFFECTS OF MOSQUITO CONTROL DITCHING ON HIGH
SALT MARSHES IN NORTH CAROLINA ...2.0075
DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY OF PENNSYLVANIA SALA-
MANDERS ...2.0080
BIOLOGICAL FACTORS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF LAKE
FLIES .2.0088
2-33
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Ecology - Animal
SUBJECT INDEX
ECOLOGY AND BIOCONTROL OF AQUATIC WEEDS IN THE
SOUTHEAST ...2.0117
MASS REARING OF MARISA CORNUARIETIS FOR BIOLOGI-
CAL CONTROL OF AQUATIC WEEDS IN EMPERATE
WATERS ...2.0124
THE USE OF NUTRIA, WATER BOWL AND GRASS CARP FOR
THE CONTROL OF SUBMERGENT PLANTS ...2.0130
EXPERIMENTAL INTRODUCTION OF EXOTIC FRESHWATER
FISHES ...2.0131
AQUATIC WEED CONTROL BY POND FISHES ...2.0139
THE CRAYFISH (ORCONECTES CAUSEYI) AS A BIOLOGICAL
CONTROL OF AQUATIC VEGETATION ...2.0175
SMALL IMPOUNDMENT STOCKING ...2.0190
HAUL SEINE STUDY ...2.0192
STRIPED BASS STUDIES ...2.0193
SOUAWFtSH STUDIES-ST. JOE RIVER, IDAHO ...2.0196
STUDY OF THE SEA LAMPREY IN LOVE LAKE ...2.0200
JO-MARY POND RECLAMATION ...2.0201
ASSESSMENT OF LAKE TROUT RESTORATION IN MICHIGAN
WATERS OF LAKE MICHIGAN, 1969-70 ...2.0202
SEA LAMPREY CONTROL - LAKE MICHIGAN CHEMICAL
CONTROL ...2.0203
SEA LAMPREY CONTROL - LAKE HURON CHEMICAL CON-
TROL ...2.0204
LAKE SUPERIOR CHEMICAL CONTROL OF SEA LAMPREY
...2.0205
SEA LAMPREY CONTROL REESTABLISHMENT STUDIES
...2.0207
SEA LAMPREY CONTROL - ASSESSMENT METHODS ...2.0208
BIOLOGY OF THE LARVAL SEA LAMPREY ...2.0210
EXPERIMENTATION WITH FINTROL AS A FISH TOXICANT
IN DEEP, SOFT-WATER LAKES ...2.0213
THE INTERACTION OF THE WALLEYE AND WHITE SUCKER
IN THE FISH POPULATION OF SOFT WATER LAKE IN
NORTHEASTERN MINNESOTA ...2.0215
EXPERIMENTATION WITH FINTROL AS A FISH TOXICANT
IN DEEP SOFTWATER LAKES ...2.0216
RELATION OF LAMPREY EELS TO EXISTING SALMONID
STOCKS IN CAYUGA LAKE ...2.0219
PRE-LAMPREY CONTROL INVENTORY OF FISH STOCKS
...2.0222
AN EVALUATION OF TECHNIQUES TO MANAGE SMALL IM-
POUNDMENTS IN OHIO ...2.0227
MERIDIAN STATE PARK LAKE CRAPPIE REMOVAL EXPERI-
MENT ...2.0231
POPULATION DYNAMICS - LAKE TROUT ...2.0235
EXPERIMENTAL RECLAMATION OF TROUT STREAMS
THROUGH CHEMICAL TREATMENT ...2.0263
ASSESSMENT OF LAKE TROUT AND ASSOCIATED SPECIES
IN LAKES MICHIGAN AND SUPERIOR ...2.0264
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF SNAILS AND SLUGS ...2.0269
NATURAL HISTORY OF PREDATORS AND COMPETITORS
(PREDATOR CONTROL PROGRAM) ...2.0271
SEA NETTLE STUDIES IN CHESAPEAKE BAY, LIFE HISTORY
AND ECOLOGY ...2.0273
EFFECTS OF WATER EXCHANGE AND BLUE CRAB CON-
TROL ON SHRIMP PRODUCTION IN LOUISIANA SALT-
MARSH IMPOUNDMENTS ...2.0275
SWIMMER'S ITCH INTERMEDIATE HOST, DISTRIBUTION
AND ECOLOGY ...2.0279
CORRELATION OF STRUCTURE VS. ACTIVITY OF POLLU-
TANTS OF FRESH WATER ...2.0290
DISTRIBUTION OF THE GENUS ERGASILUS (PARASITIC
COPEPOD) IN THE SOUTHEASTERN UNITED STATES
...3.0011
IMPOUNDMENT EFFECTS ON WATER QUALITY AS
REFLECTED IN PARASITISM OF RESERVOIR BASSES
...3.0018
LIMNOLOG1CAL, ICHTHYOLOGICAL, AND PARASITOLOGI-
CAL INVESTIGATIONS ON ARKANSAS RESERVOIRS IN
RELATION TO WATER QUALITY ...3.0019
STUDY OF THE INCIDENCE AND LIFE CYCLES OF MYX-
OSPORIDIAL INFECTIONS IN WARM WATER FISHES
(REVISED) ...3.0020
OYSTER DISEASE MORTALITY ALONG THE CALIFORNIA
COAST ...3.0022
DISEASES OF FISH ...3.0025
SHELLFISH MORTALITY - CHESAPEAKE BAY ...3.0033
PACIFIC OYSTER MORTALITY STUDIES ...3.0034
REFINEMENT OF MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES FOR
STREAM TROUT LAKES ...3.0035
EXPERIMENTAL CONTROL OF NEASCUS IN SMALL TROW
LAKES ...3.0036
INVENTORY OF WATERS OF THE PROJECT AREA ...3.0039
PARASITES OF FRESH-WATER FISHES IN NORTH CAROLINA
...3.0047
RESEARCH VESSEL OPERATIONS ...3.0048
ECOLOGY OF RECREATIONALLY IMPORTANT ESTUARINE
FISHES IN OREGON ...3.0052
MARINE FISHERIES - SYMBIOSIS AND PARASITISM -
RESEARCH ...3.0055
IMPACT OF CERATOMYXA IN CENTRAL OREGON SAL-
MONID POPULATIONS ...3.0057
MASS MORTALITY OF OYSTERS ALONG THE OREGON
COAST ...3.0060
MARINE FISH-CULTURE PATHOLOGY ...3.0070
WALLEYE AND NORTHERN PIKE STUDY ...3.0072
MASS MORTALITY OF PACIFIC OYSTERS ALONG THE
WASHINGTON COAST ...3.0082
EFFECT OF SUPERSATURATION OF DISSOLVED NITROGEN
ON MIGRATING SALMONIDS ...3.0083
MUCUS & FRESHWATER OSMOREGULATION IN
ANADROMOUS FISHES & RELATIONSHIPS TO MORTALI-
TIES IN THE ALEWIFE ...3.0106
PATHOLOGY - EPIZOOTIOLOGY ...3.0113
EUTROPHICATION OF SHELTERED BAYS IN A LARGE LAKE
...4.0029
ECOLOGY OF MOSQUITOES OF ARID SOUTHEASTERN
CALIFORNIA ...4.0039
OCCURRENCE AND BIONOMICS OF BLOODSUCKING
MIDGES (DIPTERA: CERATOPOGONIDAE) IN IOWA
...4.0056
INTER-DISCIPLINARY RESEARCH IN THE AREA OF THE
KANO PLAINS, WESTERN KENYA ...4.0059
ECOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF THE DEVELOPMENT AND
FEEDING HABITS OF SIMULIUM SPP. (BLACK FLIES)
...4.0069
AQUATIC & SEMI-AQUATIC DIPTERA STUDIES ...4.0073
RENOVATION OF TROUT STREAMS ...4.0076
LIFE HISTORY OF ST. JOE RIVER CUTTHROAT TROUT
...4.0077
POST-IMPROVEMENT LIMNOLOGICAL-ANALYSES AND
FISH-POPULATION EVALUATIONS OF CERTAIN STRIP-
MINE LAKES IN SOUTHEAST KANSAS ...4.0078
A STUDY OF THE INTERACTION OF THREE SPECIES OF
BULLHEAD AND ASSOCIATED GAME FISH SPECIES IN A
SINGLE LAKE ...4.0079
FISHERIES INVESTIGATIONS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO
MANAGEMENT OF ECONOMIC SPECIES ...4.0080
GAME FISH REPRODUCTION AND ROUGH FISH PROBLEMS
IN ELEPHANT BUTTE LAKE ...4.0081
LAKE ONTARIO INTERIM COMPREHENSIVE FISHERIES
MANAGEMENT PLAN ...4.0082
REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY AND EARLY LIFE HISTORY OF
CYPRINIDS IN EAST AND PAULINA LAKES ...4.0083
SURVEYS FOR PANFISH CONTROL STUDIES ...4.0086
Dispersion -animal
EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON ESTUARINE PRODUCTIVITY
...1.0133
PESTICIDES RESEARCH ...1.0232
THE FATE AND EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES IN THE AQUATIC
ENVIRONMENT OF THE FLATHEAD LAKE DRAINAGE
AREA ...1.0297
BIOCHEMICAL ECOLOGICAL RELATIONSHIPS OF PESTI-
CIDES AND THE BIO-CONSTITUENTS OF AQUATIC COM-
MUNITIES ...1.0342
CONTROL OF BLACK FLIES AND MOSQUITOES IN MAINE
...2.0046
BIOLOGICAL AND SYSTEMATIC STUDIES ON AQUATIC
ARTHROPODS ...2.0054
ABUNDANCE, DISTRIBUTION AND CONTROL OF MISCEL-
LANEOUS INSECTS, AFFECTING LIVESTOCK ...2.0056
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF MOSQUITOES, SAND FLIES,
AND GNATS OF WESTERN U.S. ...2.0079
2-34
-------
SUBJECT INDEX
Ecology - Animal
DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY OF PENNSYLVANIA SALA-
MANDERS ...2.0080
INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS ...2.0081
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF WEEDS ...2.0099
THE PHYSIOLOGY AND CHEMICAL CONTROL OF AQUATIC
WEEDS IN THE SOUTHEAST ...2.0129
STUDY OF THE SEA LAMPREY IN LOVE LAKE ...2.0200
SEA LAMPREY CONTROL - LAKE HURON CHEMICAL CON-
TROL ...2.0204
BIOLOGY OF THE LARVAL SEA LAMPREY ...2.0210
PRE-LAMPREY CONTROL INVENTORY OF FISH STOCKS
...2.0222
SWIMMER'S ITCH - INTERMEDIATE HOSTS, DISTRIBUTION
AND ECOLOGY ...2.0278
SWIMMER'S ITCH - INTERMEDIATE HOST, DISTRIBUTION
AND ECOLOGY ...2.0279
BIOLOGY OF THE PROTOZOAN PARASITE CERATOMYXA
SHASTA ...3.0050
MARINE FISH-CULTURE PATHOLOGY ...3.0070
WALLEYE AND NORTHERN PIKE STUDY ...3.0072
EFFECT OF SUPERSATURATION OF DISSOLVED NITROGEN
ON MIGRATING SALMONIDS ...3.0083
EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION ON FISH DIS-
EASES - EFFECT OF HEAT STRESS ON DISEASE RE-
S1STANCE MECHANISMS IN SALMONID FISHES ...3.0089
MUCUS & FRESHWATER OSMOREGULATION IN
ANADROMOUS FISHES & RELATIONSHIPS TO MORTALI-
TIES IN THE ALEWIFE ...3.0106
SPAWNING AND REARING OF MARINE FISH ...3.0110
MOSQUITOES OF MIDDLE AMERICA ...4.0037
MOSQUITOES OF MIDDLE AMERICA ...4.0038
ECOLOGY OF MOSQUITOES OF ARID SOUTHEASTERN
CALIFORNIA ...4.0039
POPULATION DYNAMICS OF MOSQUITOES IN FLORIDA
...4.0048
MOSQUITOES OF THE NEW GUINEA AREA ...4.0050
INTER-DISCIPLINARY RESEARCH IN THE AREA OF THE
KANO PLAINS, WESTERN KENYA ...4.0059
INSECTS AS VECTORS OF DISEASES OF MILITARY IM-
PORTANCE IN ETHIOPIA THEIR ECOLOGY AND CONTROL
...4.0067
RESEARCH ON ARTHROPOD-BORNE DISEASES -1 ...4.0070
LIFE HISTORY OF ST. JOE RIVER CUTTHROAT TROUT
...4.0077
FISHERIES INVESTIGATIONS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO
MANAGEMENT OF ECONOMIC SPECIES ...4.0080
Environmental Ecology
AN ECOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF STREAM EUTROPHICA-
TION ...1.0161
THE EFFECTS OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES ON LARVAL AND
JUVENILE WINTER FLOUNDER IN THE WEWEANTIC
RIVER ESTUARY, MASSACHUSETTS ..1.0253
CHEMICAL BIOCIDES IN LAKES ...1.0364
BIOLOGY OF THE LARVAL SEA LAMPREY ...2.0210
NATURAL HISTORY OF PREDATORS AND COMPETITORS
(PREDATOR CONTROL PROGRAM) ...2.0271
EXPERIMENTS TO RE-ESTABLISH HISTORICAL OYSTER
SEED GROUNDS AND TO CONTROL THE SOUTHERN
OYSTER DRILL ...2.0274
IMPOUNDMENT EFFECTS ON WATER QUALITY AS
REFLECTED IN PARASITISM OF RESERVOIR BASSES
...3.0018
LIMNOLOGICAL, ICHTHYOLOGICAL, AND PARASITOLOGI-
CAL INVESTIGATIONS ON ARKANSAS RESERVOIRS IN
RELATION TO WATER QUALITY ...3.0019
OYSTER DISEASE MORTALITY ALONG THE CALIFORNIA
COAST ...3.0022
DISEASES OF FISH ...3.0025
ENVIRONMENTAL STUDY ...3.0030
INVENTORY OF WATERS OF THE PROJECT AREA ...3.0039
MARINE FISHERIES - SYMBIOSIS AND PARASITISM -
RESEARCH ...3.0055
MASS MORTALITY OF OYSTERS ALONG THE OREGON
COAST ...3.0060
MASS MORTALITY OF PACIFIC OYSTERS ALONG THE
WASHINGTON COAST ...3.0082
EFFECT OF SUPERSATURATION OF DISSOLVED NITROGEN
ON MIGRATING SALMONIDS ...3.0083
LAKE SUPERIOR PERIPHYTON IN RELATION TO WATER
QUALITY ...4.0017
GAME FISH REPRODUCTION AND ROUGH FISH PROBLEMS
IN ELEPHANT BUTTE LAKE ...4.0081
LAKE ONTARIO INTERIM COMPREHENSIVE FISHERIES
MANAGEMENT PLAN ...4.0082
SURVEYS FOR PANFISH CONTROL STUDIES ...4.0086
Habitat Studies -animal
MAYFLY DISTRIBUTION AS A WATER QUALITY INDEX
...1.0169
FISHERIES UNIT ...1.0203
RESEARCH STUDY ON THE EFFECTS OF POLLUTION ON
SUB-TROPICAL FISH AND CRUSTACEANS ...1.0237
THE EFFECTS OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES ON LARVAL AND
JUVENILE WINTER FLOUNDER IN THE WEWEANTIC
RIVER ESTUARY, MASSACHUSETTS ...1.0253
PHYSIOLOGIC RESPONSE OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS TO
POLLUTANTS ...1.0260
SELECTED PESTICIDES VS. WILDLIFE IN AQUATIC EN-
VIRONMENTS ...1.0325
ECOLOGICAL STUDIES OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT PRAC-
TICES ...1.0327
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF MIDGES, GNATS AND
MOSQUITOES ...2.0014
TESTING ADULT ATTRACTION DEVICES AND
CHEMOSTERILANTS FOR TABANID FLY CONTROL
...2.0024
BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY OF SALT-MARSH MOSQUITOES
OF LOUISIANA ...2.0042
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF MOSQUITOES, SAND FLIES,
AND GNATS OF U.S. COAST ...2.0043
BIOLOGICAL AND SYSTEMATIC STUDIES ON AQUATIC
ARTHROPODS ...2.0054
SURVEY OF INSECT PROBLEMS IN MONTANA ...2.0059
WATER MANAGEMENT IN MOSQUITO IMPOUNDMENTS
...2.0064
MOSQUITO CONTROL IN UPLAND SWAMPS ...2.0065
INSECTS AFFECTING MAN ...2.0068
EFFECTS OF MOSQUITO CONTROL DITCHING ON HIGH
SALT MARSHES IN NORTH CAROLINA ...2.0075
DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY OF PENNSYLVANIA SALA-
MANDERS ...2.0080
INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS ...2.0081
FISH PRODUCTION AND GAME MANAGEMENT ON THE
IDLEWILD PLANTATION ...2.0142
FOREST AND FARM GAME HABITAT; FISH POND ...2.0143
EXPERIMENTAL USE OF PESTICIDES FOR FISHERIES
MANAGEMENT PURPOSES ...2.0189
SOUAWFISH STUDIES-ST. JOE RIVER, IDAHO ...2.0196
SWIMMER'S ITCH - INTERMEDIATE HOSTS, DISTRIBUTION
AND ECOLOGY ...2.0278
SWIMMER'S ITCH INTERMEDIATE HOST, DISTRIBUTION
AND ECOLOGY ...2.0279
EUROPEAN SCIOMYZIDAE ...2.0283
INVENTORY OF WATERS OF THE PROJECT AREA ...3.0039
WALLEYE AND NORTHERN PIKE STUDY ...3.0072
EUTROPHICATION OF SHELTERED BAYS IN A LARGE LAKE
...4.0029
ECOLOGY OF MOSQUITOES OF ARID SOUTHEASTERN
CALIFORNIA ...4.0039
BIOLOGICAL STUDIES OF CULICOIDES AND THEIR CON-
TROL IN THE CANAL ZONE ...4.0043
ECOLOGY AND DISEASE TRANSMISSION POTENTIAL
...4.0044
MOSQUITOES OF THE NEW GUINEA AREA ...4.0050
OCCURRENCE AND BIONOMICS OF BLOODSUCKING
MIDGES (DIPTERA: CERATOPOGONIDAE) IN IOWA
...4.0056
RESEARCH ON ARTHROPOD-BORNE DISEASES - 1 ...4.0070
LIFE HISTORY OF ST. JOE RIVER CUTTHROAT TROUT
...4.0077
A STUDY OF THE INTERACTION OF THREE SPECIES OF
BULLHEAD AND ASSOCIATED GAME FISH SPECIES IN A
SINGLE LAKE ...4.0079
2-35
-------
Ecology - Animal
SUBJECT INDEX
FISHERIES INVESTIGATIONS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO
MANAGEMENT OF ECONOMIC SPECIES ...4.0080
Interbiotic Relationship
BIOLOGICAL AND SYSTEMATIC STUDIES ON AQUATIC
ARTHROPODS ...2.0054
THE INTERACTION OF THE WALLEYE AND WHITE SUCKER
IN THE FISH POPULATION OF SOFT WATER LAKE IN
NORTHEASTERN MINNESOTA ...2.0215
VIBRIO PARAHAEMOLYTICUS IN CHESAPEAKE BAY -
ISOLATION, INCIDENCE AND PATHOGENICITY ...3.0026
Behavioral Ecology
BEHAVIOR OF ESTUARINE ANIMALS ...1.0240
SELECTED PESTICIDES VS. WILDLIFE IN AQUATIC EN-
VIRONMENTS ...1.0325
DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY OF PENNSYLVANIA SALA-
MANDERS ...2.0080
STUDIES OF SHARK REPELLENTS AND OTHER ANTISHARK
MEASURES ...2.0191
NATURAL HISTORY OF PREDATORS AND COMPETITORS
(PREDATOR CONTROL PROGRAM) ...2.0271
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF TERRESTRIAL MOLLUSCS
...2.0281
UTILIZATION AND MANAGEMENT OF COASTAL MARSHES
AND RESOURCES ...3.0029
FISHERIES INVESTIGATIONS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO
MANAGEMENT OF ECONOMIC SPECIES ...4.0080
Competition
INTERSPECIFIC COMPETITION AMONG MOSQUITOES
..2.0047
SQUAWFISH CONTROL IN CASCADE RESERVOIR ...2.0195
EXPERIMENTAL ESTABLISHMENT OF MONOSPECIFIC WAL-
LEYE POPULATIONS AS A MANAGEMENT MEASURE FOR
SMALL WARMWATER LAKES IN NORTHERN MINNESOTA
...2.0214
EXPERIMENTAL RECLAMATION OF TROUT STREAMS
THROUGH CHEMICAL TREATMENT ...2.0263
SCHISTOSOME CONTROL BY TREMATODE ANTAGONISM
...2.0270
NATURAL HISTORY OF PREDATORS AND COMPETITORS
(PREDATOR CONTROL PROGRAM) ...2.0271
ARTHROPODS OF MEDICAL AND VETERINARY IM-
PORTANCE ...4.0031
A STUDY OF THE INTERACTION OF THREE SPECIES OF
BULLHEAD AND ASSOCIATED GAME FISH SPECIES IN A
SINGLE LAKE ...4.0079
Predation
DETERMINATION OF DIGESTION RATES FOR TROUT
...1.0346
EVALUATION OF GIZZARD SHAD AS A FORAGE FISH
...1.0356
ASSESSMENT OF LAKE TROUT RESTORATION IN MICHIGAN
WATERS OF LAKE MICHIGAN, 1969-70 ...2.0202
RELATION OF LAMPREY EELS TO EXISTING SALMONID
STOCKS IN CAYUGA LAKE ...2.0219
AN EVALUATION OF TECHNIQUES TO MANAGE SMALL IM-
POUNDMENTS IN OHIO ...2.0227
POPULATION DYNAMICS - LAKE TROUT ...2.0235
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF SNAILS AND SLUGS ...2.0269
SCHISTOSOME CONTROL BY TREMATODE ANTAGONISM
...2.0270
NATURAL HISTORY OF PREDATORS AND COMPETITORS
(PREDATOR CONTROL PROGRAM) ...2.0271
EVALUATION OF WATERFOWL PREDATOR CONTROL
METHODS ...2.0272
EXPERIMENTS TO RE-ESTABLISH HISTORICAL OYSTER
SEED GROUNDS AND TO CONTROL THE SOUTHERN
OYSTER DRILL ...2.0274
EFFECTS OF WATER EXCHANGE AND BLUE CRAB CON-
TROL ON SHRIMP PRODUCTION IN LOUISIANA SALT-
MARSH IMPOUNDMENTS ...2.0275
BIOLOGICAL STUDIES OF MALACOPHAGOUS DIPTERA
...2.0282
EFFECTS OF A SNAPPING TURTLE POPULATION ON THE
WATERFOWL PRODUCTIVITY OF A MARSH ...2.0292
OYSTER DRIL (OCINEBRA JAPONICA) CONTROL ...2.0293
PARASITES OF FRESH-WATER FISHES IN NORTH CAROLINA
...3.0047
AQUICULTURE, OYSTER HATCHERIES - RESEARCH ...3.0U8
AQUATIC & SEMI-AQUATIC DIPTERA STUDIES ...4.0073
Symbiosis
MARINE FISHERIES SYMBIOSIS AND PARASrTISM .
RESEARCH ...3.005S
Life History Studies -animal
RESEARCH STUDY ON THE EFFECTS OF POLLUTION ON
SUB-TROPICAL FISH AND CRUSTACEANS . .1.0237
THE EFFECTS OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES ON LARVAL AND
JUVENILE WINTER FLOUNDER IN THE WEWEANTIC
RIVER ESTUARY, MASSACHUSETTS ...1.0253
ACCUMULATION OF PESTICIDES IN MENHADEN ...1.0299
CLASSIFICATION, BIONOMICS, ECOLOGY CONTROL OF
FOREST INSECTS (OTHER THAN SCOLYTIDAE) IN CAL
...1.0321
BIOLOGY OF PEST MOSQUITOES, AND CONTROL THROUGH
COMMUNITY ACTION ...2.0004
CONTROL OF COMMON HOUSEFLY ...2.0005
SUPPRBSSION AND ECOLOGY OF MOSQUITOES ...2.0018
IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MOSQUITO
PATHOGENS ...2.0020
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF INSECTS AFFECTING MAN
...2.0027
INSECT ATTRACTANTS, BEHAVIOR AND BASIC BIOLOGY
...2.0030
FACTORS AFFECTING THE ROLE OF MICROORGANISMS IN
THE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF INSECT PESTS ...2.0053
BIOLOGICAL AND SYSTEMATIC STUDIES ON AQUATIC
ARTHROPODS ...2.0054
STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIPS AND MODE OF AC-
TION OF INSECTICIDE SYNERGISTS ...2.0067
INSECTS AFFECTING MAN ...2.0068
DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY OF PENNSYLVANIA SALA-
MANDERS ...2.0080
INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS ...2.0081
ECOLOGY AND BIOCONTROL OF AQUATIC WEEDS IN THE
SOUTHEAST ...2.0117
NATURAL ENEMIES OF EURASIAN WATERMILFOIL IN
PAKISTAN ...2.0173
NATURAL ENEMIES OF MYRIOPHYLLUM SPICATUM IN YU-
GOSLAVIA ...2.0188
SQUAWFISH CONTROL IN CASCADE RESERVOIR ...2.0195
SEA LAMPREY CONTROL AGE AND GROWTH STUDIES
...2.0206
SEA LAMPREY CONTROL REESTABL1SHMENT STUDIES
...2.0207
BIOLOGY OF THE LARVAL SEA LAMPREY ...2.0210
PRE-LAMPREY CONTROL INVENTORY OF FISH STOCKS
...2.0222
POPULATION DYNAMICS - LAKE TROUT ...2.0235
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF SNAILS ...2.0268
SEA NETTLE STUDIES IN CHESAPEAKE BAY, LIFE HISTORY
AND ECOLOGY ...2.0273
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF TERRESTRIAL MOLLUSCS
...2.0281
BIOLOGICAL STUDIES OF MALACOPHAGOUS DIPTERA
...2.0282
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF TERRESTIAL MOLLUSKS
...2.0289
THE CONTROL OF SLUGS ...2.0294
COOPERATIVE FISH DISEASE PROJECT ...3.0012
SHELLFISH MORTALITY - CHESAPEAKE BAY ...3.0033
PARASITES OF FRESH-WATER FISHES IN NORTH CAROLINA
...3.0047
INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF SALMONID FISHES ...3.0049
ECOLOGY OF RECREATIONALLY IMPORTANT ESTUARINE
FISHES IN OREGON ...3.0052
USE OF TISSUE SECTIONING TECHNIQUES TO ATTEMPT TO
FOLLOW THE LIFE HISTORY OF WHIRLING DISEASE
PARASITES FROM THE FIRST DAY OF INFECTION ...3.0065
PATHOLOGY EPIZOOTIOLOGY ...3.0113
2-36
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SUBJECT INDEX
Ecology - Animal
CULTIVATION OF INSECT PHASE OF AVIAN PLASMODIA
...4.0036
BIOLOGICAL STUDIES OF CULICOIDES AND THEIR CON-
TROL IN THE CANAL ZONE ...4.0043
ECOLOGY AND DISEASE TRANSMISSION POTENTIAL
...4.0044
DYNAMICS, BEHAVIOR AND IMPACT OF ECONOMIC IN-
SECTS ...4.0053
OCCURRENCE AND BIONOMICS OF BLOODSUCKING
MIDGES (DIPTERA: CERATOPOGONIDAE) IN IOWA
...4.0056
BIONOMICS AND CONTROL OF ASIAN MOSQUITOES -
...4.0058
BIONOMICS OF MARYLAND MOSQUITOES ...4.0063
ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPORTANCE OF FILARIASIS IN
THAILAND ...4.0072
AQUATIC & SEMI-AQUATIC DIPTERA STUDIES ...4.0073
A STUDY OF THE INTERACTION OF THREE SPECIES OF
BULLHEAD AND ASSOCIATED GAME FISH SPECIES IN A
SINGLE LAKE ...4.0079
FISHERIES INVESTIGATIONS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO
MANAGEMENT OF ECONOMIC SPECIES ...4.0080
REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY AND EARLY LIFE HISTORY OF
CYPRINIDS IN EAST AND PAULINA LAKES ...4.0083
NORTHERN PIKE LIFE HISTORY STUDY ...4.0084
WALLEYE LIFE HISTORY STUDY 4.0085
SURVEYS FOR PANFISH CONTROL STUDIES ...4.0086
Population Dynamics
PATTERNS OF PESTICIDE CONTAMINATION OF WATER
...1.0039
AN EVALUATION OF THE INSECTICIDE 'SEVIN' AS A
WATERSHED POLLUTANT ...1.0067
ESTUARINE ECOSYSTEMS ...1.0128
EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON ESTUARINE PRODUCTIVITY
...1.0133
MAYFLY DISTRIBUTION AS A WATER QUALITY INDEX
...1.0169
FISHERIES UNIT ...1.0203
EFFECTS OF WATER POLLUTION ON ZOOPLANKTON
...1.0207
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL FACTORS AFFECTING FISH
...1.0246
PHYSIOLOGIC RESPONSE OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS TO
POLLUTANTS ...1.0260
THE FATE AND EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES IN THE AQUATIC
ENVIRONMENT OF THE FLATHEAD LAKE DRAINAGE
AREA ...1.0297
THE EFFECT OF DIELDRIN ON SURVIVAL AND DEVELOP-
MENT OF FISH EGGS ...1.0300
EFFECT OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES ON GAME FISH POPULA-
TIONS ...1.0310
DETERMINATION OF DIGESTION RATES FOR TROUT
...1.0346
EVALUATION OF GIZZARD SHAD AS A FORAGE FISH
...1.0356
TO CHARACTERIZE PATHOGENS OF MOSQUITOES ...2.0007
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF MIDGES, GNATS AND
MOSQUITOES ...2.0014
BIOLOGY OF MICROORGANISMS OF MOSQUITOES ...2.0022
CONTROL OF CULEX NIGRIPALPUS BY STERILITY
METHODS ...2.0032
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF MOSQUITOES, SAND FLIES,
AND GNATS FOR PUBLIC AND MILITARY PROGRAMS
...2.0033
BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY OF SALT-MARSH MOSQUITOES
OF LOUISIANA ...2.0042
BIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL FACTORS INFLUENCING
THE DEVELOPMENT OF LARVAL MOSQUITO POPULA-
TIONS ...2.0052
SURVEY OF INSECT PROBLEMS IN MONTANA ...2.0059
MOSQUITO INVESTIGATIONS RESEARCH AND DEVELOP-
MENT ...2.0060
EFFECTS OF MOSQUITO CONTROL DITCHING ON HIGH
SALT MARSHES IN NORTH CAROLINA ...2.0075
EMERGENCY INSECT CONTROL ...2.0076
MOSQUITO AND HOUSEFLY CONTROL WITH CHEMOSTERI-
LANTS IN EGYPT ..2.0085
FISH PRODUCTION AND GAME MANAGEMENT ON THE
IDLEWILD PLANTATION ...2.0142
EXPERIMENTAL USE OF PESTICIDES FOR FISHERIES
MANAGEMENT PURPOSES ...2.0189
SMALL IMPOUNDMENT STOCKING ...2.0190
HAUL SEINE STUDY ...2.0192
STRIPED BASS STUDIES ...2.0193
JO-MARY POND RECLAMATION ...2.0201
ASSESSMENT OF LAKE TROUT RESTORATION IN MICHIGAN
WATERS OF LAKE MICHIGAN, 1969-70 ...2.0202
SEA LAMPREY CONTROL - LAKE MICHIGAN CHEMICAL
CONTROL ...2.0203
SEA LAMPREY CONTROL - LAKE HURON CHEMICAL CON-
TROL ...2.0204
SEA LAMPREY CONTROL AGE AND GROWTH STUDIES
...2.0206
SEA LAMPREY CONTROL REESTABLISHMENT STUDIES
...2.0207
SEA LAMPREY CONTROL - ASSESSMENT METHODS ...2.0208
BIOLOGY OF THE LARVAL SEA LAMPREY ...2.0210
EXPERIMENTAL ESTABLISHMENT OF MONOSPECIFIC WAL-
LEYE POPULATIONS AS A MANAGEMENT MEASURE FOR
SMALL WARMWATER LAKES IN NORTHERN MINNESOTA
.2.0214
THE INTERACTION OF THE WALLEYE AND WHITE SUCKER
IN THE FISH POPULATION OF SOFT WATER LAKE IN
NORTHEASTERN MINNESOTA ...2.0215
EXPERIMENTATION WITH FINTROL AS A FISH TOXICANT
IN DEEP SOFTWATER LAKES ...2.0216
PLANNING FOR CREATION OF SALMONID FISHERIES IN
LAKE ONTARIO ...2.0221
MERIDIAN STATE PARK LAKE CRAPPIE REMOVAL EXPERI-
MENT ...2.0231
POPULATION DYNAMICS - LAKE TROUT ...2.0235
THE CONTROL OF SLUGS ...2.0294
EPIZOOTIOLOGY OF PARASITIC DISEASES IN FISH POPULA-
TIONS UNDER INTENSIVE MANAGEMENT ...3.0001
RESEARCH VESSEL OPERATIONS ...3.0048
PATHOLOGY EPIZOOTIOLOGY ...3.0113
DEVELOPMENT OF CULTURE METHODS FOR MOSQUITOES
...4.0035
ECOLOGY OF MOSQUITOES OF ARID SOUTHEASTERN
CALIFORNIA ...4.0039
POPULATION DYNAMICS OF MOSQUITOES IN FLORIDA
...4.0048
ARTHROPOD-BORNE VIRUS (ARBOVIRUS) ACTIVITY IN
MAJOR MOSQUITO VECTORS IN IOWA ...4.0057
BIOLOGY, GENETICS, AND PHYSIOLOGY OF DISEASE VEC-
TORS ...4.0061
MOSQUITOES AS VECTORS OF LIVESTOCK DISEASES
...4.0065
RESEARCH ON ARTHROPOD-BORNE DISEASES -1 ...4.0070
RENOVATION OF TROUT STREAMS ...4.0076
LIFE HISTORY OF ST. JOE RIVER CUTTHROAT TROUT
...4.0077
POST-IMPROVEMENT LIMNOLOGICAL-ANALYSES AND
FISH-POPULATION EVALUATIONS OF CERTAIN STRIP-
MINE LAKES IN SOUTHEAST KANSAS ...4.0078
GAME FISH REPRODUCTION AND ROUGH FISH PROBLEMS
IN ELEPHANT BUTTE LAKE ...4.0081
SURVEYS FOR PANFISH CONTROL STUDIES ...4.0086
Productivity - Food Chain
EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON ESTUARINE PRODUCTIVITY
..1.0133
THE FATE AND EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES IN THE AQUATIC
ENVIRONMENT OF THE FLATHEAD LAKE DRAINAGE
AREA ..1.0297
SELECTED PESTICIDES VS. WILDLIFE IN AQUATIC EN-
VIRONMENTS ...1.0325
PESTICIDE MONITORING PROGRAM LAKE MICHIGAN AND
TRIBUTARIES IN ILLINOIS ...1.0328
FARM FISH POND MANAGEMENT ...1.0340
2-37
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Ecology - Animal
SUBJECT INDEX
INTERACTION BETWEEN MICROORGANISMS AND PESTI-
CIDES ...1.0351
POND ECOLOGY AND PRODUCTION AS AFFECTED BY
SIMAZINE ..1.0353
STUDIES ON THE UPTAKE AND TRANSLOCATION OF CH-
LABELED DDT AND ALDRIN IN INVERTEBRATE POPULA-
TIONS, FY 1970 ...1.0354
THE IMPORTANCE OF THE FOOD CHAIN IN BOTULISM IN-
TOXICATION AMONG WATERFOWL LAKES AND
SLOUGHS OF THE DEVILS LAKE REGION IN NORTH
DAKOTA ...1.0359
STUDY ON THE EFFECTS OF FISH TOXICANTS ANTIMYCIN
A AND ROTENONE ON POND COMMUNITIES ...1.0366
EFFECTS OF MOSQUITO CONTROL DITCHING ON HIGH
SALT MARSHES IN NORTH CAROLINA, PHASE 1 ...2.0073
IMPOUNDMENT EFFECTS ON WATER QUALITY AS
REFLECTED IN PARASITISM OF RESERVOIR BASSES
3.0018
UTILIZATION AND MANAGEMENT OF COASTAL MARSHES
AND RESOURCES ...3.0029
LAKE SUPERIOR PERIPHYTON IN RELATION TO WATER
QUALITY ...4.0017
INTER-DISCIPLINARY RESEARCH IN THE AREA OF THE
KANO PLAINS, WESTERN KENYA ...4.0059
POST-IMPROVEMENT LIMNOLOGICAL-ANALYSES AND
FISH-POPULATION EVALUATIONS OF CERTAIN STRIP-
MINE LAKES IN SOUTHEAST KANSAS ...4.0078
Ecology - Plant
Applied Ecology
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF WATER WEEDS WITH PLANT
PATHOGENS ...2.0121
Aquatic Plant Groups
.1.0007
PARASITIC
DIP-
Aniphibious Plants
PESTICIDE RESIDUES ON ARIZONA CROPS .
ECOLOGY AND CONTROL OF CERTAIN
TERA ...2.0001
EFFECTS OF MOSQUITO CONTROL DITCHING ON HIGH
SALT MARSHES IN NORTH CAROLINA, PHASE 1 ...2.0073
EFFECTS OF MOSQUITO CONTROL DITCHING ON HIGH
SALT MARSHES IN NORTH CAROLINA ...2.0075
AQUATIC WEED CONTROL RESEARCH ...2.0100
WEED CONTROL IN IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE SYSTEMS
...2.0104
AQUATIC PEST CONTROL ...2.0112
EVALUATION OF HERBICIDES FOR CONTROL OF AQUATIC
WEEDS ...2.0116
WEED CONTROL IN CITRICULTURE ...2.0123
THE USE OF NUTRIA, WATER BOWL AND GRASS CARP FOR
THE CONTROL OF SUBMERGENT PLANTS ...2.0130
CONTROL OF UNDESIRABLE AQUATIC VEGETATION IN
LAKE TANEYCOMO, MISSOURI ...2.0154
CONTROL OF EURASIAN MILFOIL ...2.0156
WATERLEVEL MANAGEMENT ON IMPOUNDMENTS OF
LOW QUALITY SOILS .2.0163
WEED CONTROL IN RICE FIELDS AND PASTURE LANDS IN
THE GULF COAST AREA ...2.0176
CHANGES IN WATER ENVIRONMENT RESULTING FROM
AQUATIC PLANT CONTROL ...2.0183
NATURAL ENEMIES OF MYRIOPHYLLUM SPICATUM IN YU-
GOSLAVIA ...2.0188
UTILIZATION AND MANAGEMENT OF COASTAL MARSHES
AND RESOURCES ...3.0029
BIOLOGIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL OF EURASIAN
MILFOIL (MYRIOPHYLLUM SPICATUM L.) IN CHES-
APEAKE BAY ...4.0012
THE ECOLOGY OF SELECTED SUBMERSED AQUATIC
WEEDS ...4.0020
EFFECTS OF EUTROPHICATION ON AQUATIC VEGETATION
PHASE II ...4.0023
NUTRIENT DYNAMICS IN AN ARTIFICIALLY ENRICHED
LAKE ...4.0025
THE CHANGING DISTRIBUTION OF THE GENUS
POTAMOGETON (PONDWEEDS) IN OHIO ...4.0026
EUTROPHICATION OF SHELTERED BAYS IN A LARGE LAKE
...4.0029
Aquatic Plants -nonspecific
GREEN BAY RESEARCH PROGRAM ...1.0112
ESTUARINE ECOSYSTEMS ...1.0128
TRANSFER OF PESTICIDES THROUGH WATER, SEDIMENTS
AND AQUATIC LIFE ... 1.0201
THE FATE AND EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES IN THE AQUATIC
ENVIRONMENT OF THE FLATHEAD LAKE DRAINAGE
AREA ...1.0297
EFFECT OF HERBICIDES ON AN AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT
...1.0319
FATE OF AQUATIC HERBICIDES IN THE AQUATIC EN-
VIRONMENT ...1.0329
AQUATIC PLANT CONTROL BY HERBIVOROUS AMUR FISH
...2.0092
EFFECT OF ULTRASONIC ENERGY ON AQUATIC PLANTS
...2.0096
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF WATER WEEDS WITH PLANT
PATHOGENS ...2.0121
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF WATER WEEDS WITH PLANT
PATHOGENS ...2.0122
SURVEY OF POND WEEDS AND PLANT SUCCESSION
...2.0127
AQUATIC PLANT CONTROL ...2.0128
AQUATIC WEED SUPPRESSION AND CONTROL IN LARGE
CANALS ...2.0132
FACTORS INFLUENCING OCCURRENCE OF SELECTED
AQUATIC PLANTS IN RICE FIELDS ...2.0141
THE INFLUENCE OF HERBICIDES USED ON HORTICUL-
TURAL CROPS ON STREAM ECOLOGY ...2.0150
ALLEVIATION OF LAKE POLLUTION BY UTILIZATION OF
AQUATIC PLANTS FOR NUTRITIONAL, MEDICINAL OR IN-
DUSTRIAL PURPOSES ...2.0152
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF AQUATIC WEEDS ...2.0162
THE CRAYFISH (ORCONECTES CAUSEYI) AS A BIOLOGICAL
CONTROL OF AQUATIC VEGETATION ...2.0175
ENVIRONMENTAL STUDY ...3.0030
LIFE CYCLES OF ROTTBELLIA EXALTATA AND AM-
PHIBROMUS SCABRIVALV1S AND DEVELOPMENT OF
CONTROL MEASURES ...4.0010
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN WATER QUALITY AND PLANT
GROWTH IN PONDS ...4.0019
INFLUENCE OF SUSPENDED MICROSCOPIC SUBSTANCES
ON THE METABOLISM OF MICROORGANISMS RESPONSI-
BLE FOR BIOLOGICAL ENRICHMENT OF WATER ...4.0027
AQUATIC PLANTS OF POLLUTED WATERS IN
SOUTHWESTERN UNITED STATES ...4.0028
Floating Plants
BASIC PHYSIOLOGY OF AQUATIC WEEDS IN THE
SOUTHEAST ...2.0115
EVALUATION OF HERBICIDES FOR CONTROL OF AQUATIC
WEEDS ...2.0116
SOUTHEASTERN BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF WEEDS IN-
VESTIGATIONS ...2.0120
FACTORS CONTROLLING THE GROWTH OF THE AQUATIC
WEED SALVINIA ...2.0166
TISSUE ANALYSIS FOR NUTRIENT ASSAY OF NATURAL
WATERS ...4.0030
Lower Plants
DYNAMICS OF ALGAE POPULATIONS IN FARM FISH PONDS
...2.0094
AQUATIC PEST CONTROL ...2.0112
THE ROLE OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF
NUISANCE GROWTHS ...2.0174
STUDIES IN PHYSIOLOGY ECOLOGY AND LIFE HISTORIES
OF ALGAE ...4.0022
Riparian Plants
QUALITY OF IRRIGATION RETURN FLOW ...1.0102
COOPERATIVE HERBICIDE MONITORING STUDY IN IRRIGA-
TION SYSTEMS ...1.0125
PHYSIOLOGY, BIOCHEMISTRY AND CONTROL OF AQUATIC
WEEDS, CHEMISTRY OF HERBICIDES ...2.0105
HERBICIDE RESIDUES ...2.0109
WEED CONTROL IN CITRICULTURE ...2.0123
2-38
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SUBJECT INDEX
Ecology - Plant
THE USE OF FLAME FOR CONTROLLING WEEDS AND
BRUSH ...2.0134
CONTROL OF WEEDS IN AQUATIC AND NONCROP AREAS
IN THE UPPER MISSOURI RIVER BASIN ...2.0160
RESPONSE OF PLANT COMMUNITIES TO SUSTAINED USE
OF HERBICIDES ...Z.0161
CONTROL OF WEEDS IN AQUATIC AND NONCROP AREAS
IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST ...2.0178
CONTROL OF AQUATIC AND NONCROPLAND WEEDS IN
WYOMING, COLORADO, AND NEBRASKA ...2.0187
Submerged Plants
COOPERATIVE HERBICIDE MONITORING STUDY IN IRRIGA-
TION SYSTEMS ...1.0125
EFFECT OF HERBICIDES ON AN AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT
...1.0228
AQUATIC WEED CONTROL RESEARCH ...2.0100
CONTROL OF WEEDS AND CERTAIN OTHER AQUATIC
PESTS IN THE PACIFIC SOUTHWEST ...2.0101
WEED CONTROL IN IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE SYSTEMS
...2.0104
PHYSIOLOGY, BIOCHEMISTRY AND CONTROL OF AQUATIC
WEEDS, CHEMISTRY OF HERBICIDES ...2.0105
AROMATIC SOLVENT AQUATIC HERBICIDES AND EMULSI-
FYING AGENT TESTING ...2.0107
GROWTH SUPPRESSION AND REDUCTION IN REGROWTH
POTENTIAL OF AQUATIC WEEDS ...2.0110
BASIC PHYSIOLOGY OF AQUATIC WEEDS IN THE
SOUTHEAST ...2.0115
EVALUATION OF HERBICIDES FOR CONTROL OF AQUATIC
WEEDS ...2.0116
ECOLOGY AND BIOCONTROL OF AQUATIC WEEDS IN THE
SOUTHEAST ...2.0117
THE PHYSIOLOGY AND CHEMICAL CONTROL OF AQUATIC
WEEDS IN THE SOUTHEAST ...2.0118
WEED CONTROL IN CITRICULTURE ...2.0123
THE PHYSIOLOGY AND CHEMICAL CONTROL OF AQUATIC
WEEDS IN THE SOUTHEAST ...2.0129
THE USE OF NUTRIA, WATER BOWL AND GRASS CARP FOR
THE CONTROL OF SUBMERGENT PLANTS ...2.0130
DETERMINATION OF THE EFFECTS OF A FERTILIZER-IN-
DUCED PLANKTON TURBIDITY, SUPPLEMENTED BY HER-
BICIDES, ON SUBMERGED AQUATIC PLANTS ...2.0137
EXPANDED AQUATIC PLANT CONTROL PROJECT ...2.0146
CONTROL OF CANADA THISTLE AND WATER WEEDS
...2.0158
FIELD INVESTIGATION OF THE SUBMERSED AQUATIC EN-
VIRONMENT ...4.0003
ANATOMICAL, PHYSIOLOGICAL AND ECOLOGICAL STU-
DIES ON MYRIOPHYLLUM SPICATIU ...4.0013
THE ECOLOGY OF SELECTED SUBMERSED AQUATIC
WEEDS ...4.0014
ECOLOGY OF SELECTED SUBMERSED AQUATIC WEEDS
...4.0024
THE CHANGING DISTRIBUTION OF THE GENUS
POTAMOGETON (PONDWEEDS) IN OHIO ...4.0026
Balance of Nature
EFFECTS OF MOSQUITO CONTROL DITCHING ON HIGH
SALT MARSHES IN NORTH CAROLINA ...2.0075
EUTROPHICATION EFFECT OF WEED HARVESTING
..2.01*9
Dispersion
PESTICIDES AND MICROBIAL ECOLOGY OF LAKE CHAM-
PLAIN ...1.0213
POTENTIAL OF COELOMOMYCES FOR CONTROLLING
MOSQUITOES ...2.0071
DYNAMICS OF ALGAE POPULATIONS IN FARM FISH PONDS
...2.0094
CONTROL OF UNDESIRABLE AQUATIC VEGETATION IN
LAKE TANEYCOMO, MISSOURI ...2.0154
CONTROL AND UTILIZATION OF AQUATIC PLANTS ...2.0157
ENVIRONMENTAL STUDY ...3.0030
BIOLOGIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL OF EURASIAN
MILFOIL (MYRIOPHYLLUM SPICATUM L.) IN CHES-
APEAKE BAY ...4.0012
THE CHANGING DISTRIBUTION OF THE GENUS
POTAMOGETON (PONDWEEDS) IN OHIO ...4.0026
AQUATIC PLANTS OF POLLUTED WATERS IN
SOUTHWESTERN UNITED STATES ...4.0028
Ecotypes
CONTROL OF WEEDS IN AQUATIC AND NONCROP AREAS
IN THE UPPER MISSOURI RIVER BASIN ...2.0160
Epiphytic Relationships
A STUDY OF ALGAL POPULATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH DIF-
FERENT LEVELS OF WATER QUALITY IN NEW
HAMPSHIRE ...4.0018
Eutrophication
AN ECOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF STREAM EUTROPHICA-
TION ...1.0161
A STUDY OF INHIBITORY COMPOUNDS PRODUCED BY
FRESH-WATER ALGAE ...2.0138
ALGAE CONTROL BY ARTIFICIAL MIXING IN LAKE
COCHITUATE ...2.0149
EVALUATION OF SOME ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
CAUSING ALGAL BLOOMS ...2.0165
EUTROPHICATION EFFECT OF FLOW AUGMENTATION
...2.0168
EUTROPHICATION - EFFECT OF WEED HARVESTING
...2.0169
EUTROPHICATION - BIOLOGICAL CONTROL USING
GRAZERS ...2.0170
EUTROPHICATION - PHYSICAL ECOLOGICAL CONTROL
...2.0171
EUTROPHICATION - PILOT OPERATIONS ...2.0172
NUISANCE ALGAL GROWTH RELATED TO ENVIRONMEN-
TAL FACTORS ...2.0180
LYSIS OF BLUE-GREEN ALGAE BY BACTERIAL ENZYMES
AND THEIR POSSIBLE USE IN CONTROLLING ALGAL
BLOOMS ...2.0184
EUTROPHICATION OF IOWA LAKES AND STREAMS ...4.0008
AN INVESTIGATION OF THE CAUSES, EFFECTS, AND CON-
TROL OF EUTROPHICATION IN MAINE LAKES ...4.0011
PHYTOPLANKTON NUTRITION AND PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN
EUTROPHIC LAKES ...4.0016
A STUDY OF ALGAL POPULATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH DIF-
FERENT LEVELS OF WATER QUALITY IN NEW
HAMPSHIRE ...4.0018
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN WATER QUALITY AND PLANT
GROWTH IN PONDS ...4.0019
EFFECTS OF EUTROPHICATION ON AQUATIC VEGETATION
PHASE II ...4.0023
INFLUENCE OF SUSPENDED MICROSCOPIC SUBSTANCES
ON THE METABOLISM OF MICROORGANISMS RESPONSI-
BLE FOR BIOLOGICAL ENRICHMENT OF WATER ...4.0027
EUTROPHICATION OF SHELTERED BAYS IN A LARGE LAKE
...4.0029
Floras
VIBRIO PARAHAEMOLYTICUS IN CHESAPEAKE BAY -
ISOLATION, INCIDENCE AND PATHOGENICITY ...3.0026
Food Chains
UTILIZATION AND MANAGEMENT OF COASTAL MARSHES
AND RESOURCES ...3.0029
Freshwater Ecology
AN ECOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF STREAM EUTROPHICA-
TION ...1.0161
THE EFFECT OF PESTICIDES ON PRIMARY PRODUCERS IN
A FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEM ...1.0350
DYNAMICS OF ALGAE POPULATIONS IN FARM FISH PONDS
...2.0094
THE INFLUENCE OF HERBICIDES USED ON HORTICUL-
TURAL CROPS ON STREAM ECOLOGY ...2.0150
RESEARCH IN LIMNOLOGY INTERRELATIONS OF
HYDROLOGY AND AQUATIC ECOLOGY ...4.0002
STUDIES IN PHYSIOLOGY ECOLOGY AND LIFE HISTORIES
OF ALGAE ...4.0022
NUTRIENT DYNAMICS IN AN ARTIFICIALLY ENRICHED
LAKE ...4.0025
2-39
-------
Ecology - Plant
THE CHANGING DISTRIBUTION OF THE
POTAMOGETON (PONDWEEDS) IN OHIO ...4.0026
EUTROPHICATION OF SHELTERED BAYS IN A LARGE LAKE
4.0029
Habitat Studies
RESPROUTING OF CHAPARRAL ...1.0017
SEARCH FOR AND IMPORTATION OF INSECT ENEMIES OF
AQUATIC WEEDS ...2.0095
TESTING OF NEW HERBICIDES .2.0125
SURVEY OF POND WEEDS AND PLANT SUCCESSION
.2.0127
CHEMICAL CONTROL OF AQUATIC WEED NUISANCES
..2.0185
NATURAL ENEMIES OF MYR1OPHYLLUM SPICATUM IN YU-
GOSLAVIA ...2.0188
A STUDY OF ALGAL POPULATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH DIF-
FERENT LEVELS OF WATER QUALITY IN NEW
HAMPSHIRE ...4.0018
THE CHANGING DISTRIBUTION OF THE GENUS
POTAMOGETON (PONDWEEDS) IN OHIO ...4.0026
Phenology
AQUATIC WEED CONTROL RESEARCH ...2.0100
CONTROL OF CANADA THISTLE AND WATER WEEDS
...2.0158
SUBJECT INDEX
GENUS Standing Crops
Physiological Ecology
STUDIES IN PHYSIOLOGY ECOLOGY AND LIFE HISTORIES
OF ALGAE ...4.0022
Plant Succession
EFFECTS OF EUTROPHICATION ON AQUATIC VEGETATION
PHASE II ...4.0023
Dominant Organisms
RESPROUTING OF CHAPARRAL ...1.0017
Lake Stages
SURVEY OF POND WEEDS AND PLANT SUCCESSION
...2.0127
EUTROPHICATION EFFECT OF WEED HARVESTING
...2.0169
NUISANCE ALGAL GROWTH RELATED TO ENVIRONMEN-
TAL FACTORS ...2.0180
LIMNOLOG1CAL, 1CHTHYOLOGICAL, AND PARASITOLOGI-
CAL INVESTIGATIONS ON ARKANSAS RESERVOIRS IN
RELATION TO WATER QUALITY ...3.0019
AN INVESTIGATION OF THE CAUSES, EFFECTS, AND CON-
TROL OF EUTROPHICATION IN MAINE LAKES ...4.0011
Population Dynamics -ns
ESTUARINE ECOSYSTEMS ...1.0128
EFFECTS OF EUTROPHICATION ON AQUATIC VEGETATION
PHASE II ...4.0023
Productivity
UTILIZATION AND MANAGEMENT OF COASTAL MARSHES
AND RESOURCES ...3.0029
Primary Productivity
GREEN BAY RESEARCH PROGRAM ...1.0112
THE FACTOR CONTROLLING THE DYNAMICS OF NON-
IONIC SYNTHETIC ORGANIC CHEMICALS IN AQUATIC
ENVIRONMENTS ...1.0148
FARM FISH POND MANAGEMENT ...1.0340
THE EFFECT OF PESTICIDES ON PRIMARY PRODUCERS IN
A FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEM ...1.0350
EUTROPHICATION EFFECT OF FLOW AUGMENTATION
...2.0168
EUTROPHICATION PHYSICAL ECOLOGICAL CONTROL
...2.0171
THE ROLE OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF
NUISANCE GROWTHS ...2.0174
PHYTOPLANKTON NUTRITION AND PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN
EUTROPHIC LAKES ...4.0016
NUTRIENT DYNAMICS IN AN ARTIFICIALLY ENRICHED
LAKE ...4.0025
BIOCHEMICAL ECOLOGICAL RELATIONSHIPS OF PESTI-
CIDES AND THE BIO-CONSTITUENTS OF AQUATIC COM-
MUNITIES ...1.0342
Economics
ECONOMIC EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES AND OTHER WASTES
ON NATURAL RESOURCE QUALITY ...1.0026
WATERSHED ANALYSIS RELATING TO EUTROPHICATION
OF LAKE MICHIGAN ...1.0162
DEEPWATER PILOT PLANT-ENGINEERING AND INTERCEP-
TOR FEASIBILITY ...1.0183
DEEPWATER PILOT PLANT ENGINEERING AND INTERCEP-
TOR FEASIBILITY STUDY ...1.0184
WEED CONTROL IN RICE FIELDS AND PASTURE LANDS IN
THE GULF COAST AREA ...2.0176
CONTROL OF AQUATIC AND NONCROPLAND WEEDS IN
WYOMING, COLORADO, AND NEBRASKA ...2.0187
Agricultural Economics
PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN ENVIRONMENT AND EFFECTS ON
MARKETING AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES ...1.0062
ILLINOIS LAWS AFFECTING AGRICULTURE ...1.0332
Economic Efficiency
ECONOMIC EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES AND OTHER WASTES
ON NATURAL RESOURCE QUALITY ...1.0026
EUTROPHICATION PILOT OPERATIONS ...2.0172
IMPROVING SURFACE WATER CONDITIONS THROUGH
CONTROL AND DISPOSAL OF AQUATIC VEGETATION,
PHASE II ...2.0181
Economic Impact
ECONOMIC EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES AND OTHER WASTES
ON NATURAL RESOURCE QUALITY ...1.0026
GREEN BAY RESEARCH PROGRAM ...1.0112
Income Analysis
ILLINOIS LAWS AFFECTING AGRICULTURE ...1.0332
Losses or Benefits From ...
Insects
BIOLOGY ECOLOGY AND CONTROL OF INSECTS TICKS
AND MITES WHICH ATTACK LIVESTOCK, POULTRY AND
HOUSEHOLD ...2.0040
MOSQUITOES IN RELATION TO AGRICULTURAL PRODUC-
TION AND VETERINARY SCIENCE ...2.0062
THE BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF ARTHROPODS AFFECT-
ING MAN AND ANIMALS ...2.0078
EFFECT OF CONTROLLING SALT-MARSH MOSQUITOES
...2.0082
Losses Due to Pollution
ECONOMIC EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES AND OTHER WASTES
ON NATURAL RESOURCE QUALITY ...1.0026
Microeconomics
Costs
DEEPWATER PILOT PLANT-ENGINEERING AND INTERCEP-
TOR FEASIBILITY ...1.0183
INVESTIGATIONS OF ALGAE INHIBITING MATERIALS
...2.0106
Production & Processing
GREEN BAY RESEARCH PROGRAM ...1.0112
Natural Resources Economics
GREEN BAY RESEARCH PROGRAM ...1.0112
Optimization
ECONOMIC EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES AND OTHER WASTES
ON NATURAL RESOURCE QUALITY ...1.0026
Regional
GREEN BAY RESEARCH PROGRAM ...1.0112
2-40
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SUBJECT INDEX
Ectoprocta
Entomology, Applied
AQUATIC WEED CONTROL RESEARCH ...2.0100
WEED CONTROL IN IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE SYSTEMS
...2.0104
Edta
THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENTLY EXTRACTED ENDOTOXINS
FROM ESCHERICHIA COLI ON RAINBOW TROUT (SALMO
GAIRDNERI) ...3.0071
Electrical Water Properties
PROPERTIES OF TILE DRAINAGE WATER ...1.0045
UPPER ST. JOHNS RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY, FLORIDA
...1.0134
ELECTROPHORET1C CLARIFICATION OF WATER ...1.0211
Electrochemistry
STUDY OF ELECTROHYDRAULIC WATER TREATMENT
...1.0121
ELECTROPHORETIC CLARIFICATION OF WATER ...1.0211
Electrophoresis
ELECTROPHORETIC CLARIFICATION OF WATER ...1.0211
Elevational Levels, Altitude
DDT IN SNOW FALLEN AT HIGH ALTITUDE SINCE 1950
...1.0214
Encephalitis
ECOLOGY AND CONTROL OF DISEASE VECTORS AND
RESERVOIRS ...4.0046
JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS ON GUAM ...4.0062
CALIFORNIA ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS IN WISCONSIN ...4.0075
Endogenous Biological Extracts
Endogenous Cpds -animal
SYNTHETIC INSECT CONTROL AGENTS, GAINESVILLE
...2.0028
INSECT ATTRACTANTS, BEHAVIOR AND BASIC BIOLOGY
...2.0030
BIOLOGY AND BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF SCHISTOSOMIA-
SIS ...2.0277
(U) REPELLENCY AND ATTRACTIVENESS OF MAN TO
MOSQUITO BITES ...4.0040
ATTRACTIVENESS AND REPELLENCY OF MAN TO
MOSQUITO BITES ...4.0041
DEVELOPMENT OF AN ORALLY EFFECTIVE INSECT REPEL-
LENT ...4.0051
Endogenous Cpds -plants
TO CHARACTERIZE PATHOGENS OF MOSQUITOES ...2.0007
MOSQUITO PATHOGENS AS POTENTIAL CONTROL AGENTS
...2.0019
IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MOSQUITO
PATHOGENS ...2.0020
MODE OF ACTION OF A NEW FUNGAL PATHOGEN OF
MOSQUITOES ...2.0070
ACTION MECHANISMS OF INSECTICIDAL DERIVATIVES
...2.0089
A STUDY OF INHIBITORY COMPOUNDS PRODUCED BY
FRESH-WATER ALGAE ...2.0138
CONTROL AND UTILIZATION OF AQUATIC PLANTS ...2.0157
EVALUATION OF SOME ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
CAUSING ALGAL BLOOMS ...2.0165
LYSIS OF BLUE-GREEN ALGAE BY BACTERIAL ENZYMES
AND THEIR POSSIBLE USE IN CONTROLLING ALGAL
BLOOMS ...2.0184
ROTENOIDS FROM TEPHROSIA VOGELII ...2.0198
CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION OF BIOLOGICALLY IMPOR-
TANT NATURAL PRODUCTS ...2.0265
INCIDENCE BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF FASCIOLA
HEPATICA IN THE SOUTHWEST ...2.0280
Energy Budgets
EUTROPHICATION EFFECT OF WEED HARVESTING
...2.0169
Engineering Structures-general
EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON ESTUARINE PRODUCTIVITY
...1.0133
INVESTIGATIONS OF ALGAE INHIBITING MATERIALS
...2.0106
TRIBUTARY SURVEY OF LAKES ONTARIO AND ERIE
...2.0220
EFFECT OF SUPERSATURATION OF DISSOLVED NITROGEN
ON MIGRATING SALMONIDS ...3.0083
EUTROPHICATION OF SHELTERED BAYS IN A LARGE LAKE
...4.0029
Entomology, Applied
Biological Control of Insects
EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE IN
THE MOSQUITOFISH, GAMBUSIA AFFINIS ...1.0249
CLASSIFICATION, BIONOMICS, ECOLOGY CONTROL OF
FOREST INSECTS (OTHER THAN SCOLYTIDAE) IN CAL.
...1.0321
ECOLOGICAL STUDIES OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT PRAC-
TICES ...1.0327
ECOLOGY AND CONTROL OF CERTAIN PARASITIC DIP-
TERA ...2.0001
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF MOSQUITOES IN CENTRAL AND
NORTHERN CALIFORNIA ...2.0006
TO CHARACTERIZE PATHOGENS OF MOSQUITOES ...2.0007
INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS: DISEASES TO
MAN OR ANIMALS ...2.0010
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF MOSQUITOES IN IRRIGATED
AND WATER MANAGEMENT AREAS ...2.0011
SUPPLYING GENETIC MARKER AND INCOMPATIBLE
STRAINS OF CULEX PIPIENS ...2.0012
CYTOPLASMIC INCOMPATIBILITY FOR FILARIASIS CON-
TROL ...2.0013
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF MIDGES, GNATS AND
MOSQUITOES ...2.0014
MOSQUITO PATHOGENS AS POTENTIAL CONTROL AGENTS
...2.0019
IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MOSQUITO
PATHOGENS ...2.0020
BIOLOGY OF MICROORGANISMS OF MOSQUITOES ...2.0022
DEVELOPMENT AND BEHAVIOR OF BITING DIPTERA
...2.0023
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF INSECTS AFFECTING MAN
...2.0027
INSECT RESISTANCE TO, AND THE GENETIC MECHANISM
OF CHEMICAL CONTROL AGENTS ...2.0029
CULTIVATION OF COELOMOMYCES, A FUNGAL PARASITE
OF MOSQUITOES ...2.0031
CONTROL OF CULEX NIGRIPALPUS BY STERILITY
METHODS ...2.0032
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF MOSQUITOES, SAND FLIES,
AND GNATS FOR PUBLIC AND MILITARY PROGRAMS
...2.0033
GENETIC CONTROL OF ANOPHELINES USING TRANSLOCA-
T1ONS ...2.0034
VIRAL PATHOGENS ...2.0035
RADIATION CYTOGENETICS OF THE YELLOW-FEVER
MOSQUITO, AEDES AEGYPTI ...2.0036
2-41
-------
Entomology, Applied
SUBJECT INDEX
POPULATION GENETICS AND RADIOGENETICS IN
MOSQUITOES ...2.0038
CYTOPLASMIC INHERITANCE AND CONTROL OF CULEX
PIPIENS ...2.0041
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF MOSQUITOES, SAND FLIES,
AND GNATS OF U.S. COAST ...2.0043
EFFECT OF PREDATORS AND PARASITES ON MOSQUITO
BREEDING IN LOUISIANA ...2.0045
CONTROL OF BLACK FLIES AND MOSQUITOES IN MAINE
...2.0046
INTERSPECIFIC COMPETITION AMONG MOSQUITOES
...2.0047
GENETIC STUDIES ON THE CONTROL OF ARBOVIRUS VEC-
TORS ...2.0048
INSECT CHEMOSTERILANTS ...2.0049
FACTORS AFFECTING THE ROLE OF MICROORGANISMS IN
THE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF INSECT PESTS ...2.0053
INSECT SURVEY OF MONTANA ...2.0058
MOSQUITO INVESTIGATIONS - RESEARCH AND DEVELOP-
MENT . .2.0060
STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIPS AND MODE OF AC-
TION OF INSECTICIDE SYNERGISTS ...2.0067
INSECTS AFFECTING MAN ...2.0068
MODE OF ACTION OF A NEW FUNGAL PATHOGEN OF
MOSQUITOES ...2.0070
POTENTIAL OF COELOMOMYCES FOR CONTROLLING
MOSQUITOES ...2.0071
STUDIES ON SOME FUNGAL PARASITES OF MOSQUITOES
...2.0072
EMERGENCY INSECT CONTROL ...2.0076
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF MOSQUITOES, SAND FLIES,
AND GNATS OF WESTERN U.S. ...2.0079
DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY OF PENNSYLVANIA SALA-
MANDERS ...2.0080
INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS ...2.0081
MOSQUITO AND HOUSEFLY CONTROL WITH CHEMOSTERI-
LANTS IN EGYPT ...2.0085
BIOLOGICAL FACTORS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF LAKE
FLIES ...2.0088
ACTION MECHANISMS OF INSECTICIDAL DERIVATIVES
...2.0089
THE NUTRITION AND BEHAVIOR OF MOSQUITOES ...4.0033
BIOLOGICAL STUDIES OF CULICOIDES AND THEIR CON-
TROL IN THE CANAL ZONE ...4.0043
BLUETONGUE TRANSMISSION BY SAND FLIES AND
MOSQUITOES ...4.0045
DYNAMICS, BEHAVIOR AND IMPACT OF ECONOMIC IN-
SECTS ...4.0053
GENETICS AND REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY OF AEDES
MOSQUITOES ...4.0055
AQUATIC & SEMI-AQUATIC DIPTERA STUDIES ...4.0073
Cereal Crops
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS OF PESTICIDE USAGE
...1.0038
CONTROL OF PESTICIDES IN SOIL AND WATER ...1.0054
EFFECTS OF INSECTICIDES ON ACTIVITY OF SOIL INHABIT-
ING INSECTS ...1.0059
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS OF PESTICIDE USAGE
...1.0334
FACTORS AFFECTING ROLE OF MICROORGANISMS IN
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF INSECT PESTS ...2.0037
EMERGENCY INSECT CONTROL ...2.0076
DYNAMICS, BEHAVIOR AND IMPACT OF ECONOMIC IN-
SECTS ...4.0053
Chemical Control of Insects
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS OF PESTICIDE USAGE
...1.0038
PESTICIDAL RESIDUES OF AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS
...1.0063
PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN PLANTS, ANIMALS, SOILS, AND
WATER ...1.0075
FACTORS INFLUENCING INSECTICIDE RESIDUES IN FOOD,
FORAGE AND OIL CROPS, AND SOIL ...1.0077
EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE IN
THE MOSQUITOFISH, GAMBUSIA AFFINIS ...1.0249
PESTICIDE CONTAMINATION OF ENVIRONMENT ...1.0250
PESTICIDES AND WILDLIFE ...1.0324
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS OF PESTICIDE USAGE
...1.0334
EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON NON-TARGET ORGANISMS
...1.0341
ECOLOGY AND CONTROL OF CERTAIN PARASITIC DIP-
TERA ...2.0001
EFFECT OF MOSQUITO CONTROL CHEMICALS ON
AQUATIC FAUNA ...2.0003
CONTROL OF COMMON HOUSEFLY ...2.0005
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF MOSQUITOES IN CENTRAL AND
NORTHERN CALIFORNIA ...2.0006
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF PASTURE MOSQUITOES
...2.0008
AERIAL DISPERSAL METHODS FOR CONCENTRATED IN-
SECTICIDES ...2.0009
INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS: DISEASES TO
MAN OR ANIMALS ...2.0010
EVALUATION OF NEW INSECTICIDES ...2.0015
NEW INSECTICIDES & TECHNIQUES FOR PEST CONTROL
...2.0016
STUDIES ON INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE IN MOSQUITOES
...2.0017
INVESTIGATIONS OF PHEROMONES AS CHEMOSTERILANTS
FOR INSECTS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO SYNTHETIC
QUEN SUBSTANCE AND ITS ANALOGUES ...2.0021
TESTING ADULT ATTRACTION DEVICES AND
CHEMOSTERILANTS FOR TABANID FLY CONTROL
...2.0024
INSECTICIDE AND NON-CHEMICAL CONTROL OF
MOSQUITOES ...2.0025
INVESTIGATIONS OF THE ACTION OF CHEMOSTERILANTS
ON HOUSEFLIES AND OTHER MEDICALLY IMPORTANT
ARTHROPODS ...2.0026
SYNTHETIC INSECT CONTROL AGENTS, GAINESVILLE
...2.0028
RELATION OF APPLICATION METHODS, CONCENTRATION,
AND VOLUME OF INSECTICIDE TO CATTLE INSECT CON-
TROL ...2.0039
BIOLOGY ECOLOGY AND CONTROL OF INSECTS TICKS
AND MITES WHICH ATTACK LIVESTOCK, POULTRY AND
HOUSEHOLD ...2.0040
CONTROL OF BLACK FLIES AND MOSQUITOES IN MAINE
...2.0046
INSECT CHEMOSTERILANTS ...2.0049
BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF INSECT CONTROL AGENTS
...2.0050
MALARIA ERADICATION RESEARCH ...2.0051
SUSCEPTIBILITY OF INSECTS TO INSECTICIDES ...2.0055
ABUNDANCE, DISTRIBUTION AND CONTROL OF MISCEL-
LANEOUS INSECTS, AFFECTING LIVESTOCK ...2.0056
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF ARTHROPOD PESTS OF
LIVESTOCK ...2.0057
SURVEY OF INSECT PROBLEMS IN MONTANA ...2.0059
MOSQUITO INVESTIGATIONS - RESEARCH AND DEVELOP-
MENT ...2.0060
COORDINATION OF MOSQUITO CONTROL IN NEW JERSEY
...2.0061
MOSQUITO CONTROL - TIDAL MARSHES ...2.0063
MOSQUITO CONTROL IN UPLAND SWAMPS ...2.0065
CONTROLLING MOSQUITOES ON HAYING MEADOWS
...2.0066
STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIPS AND MODE OF AC-
TION OF INSECTICIDE SYNERGISTS ...2.0067
INSECTS AFFECTING MAN ...2.0068
LEGAL REPRESENTATION OF CITIZEN'S INTERESTS IN EN-
VIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ...2.0069
EMERGENCY INSECT CONTROL ...2.0076
NEW OR IMPROVED TECHNIQUES FOR SAFE CHEMICAL
CONTROL OF ECTOPARASITES OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS
...2.0077
THE BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF ARTHROPODS AFFECT-
ING MAN AND ANIMALS ...2.0078
2-42
-------
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF MOSQUITOES, SAND FLIES,
AND GNATS OF WESTERN U.S. ...2.0079
INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS ...2.0081
EFFECT OF CONTROLLING SALT-MARSH MOSQUITOES
...2.0082
MOSQUITO AND HOUSEFLY CONTROL WITH CHEMOSTERI-
LANTS IN EGYPT ...2.0085
SELECTIVE TOXICITY BY OPTICALLY ACTIVE
PHOSPHONOTHIONATE PESTICIDES ...2.0086
INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND DOMESTIC ANIMALS
...2.0087
ACTION MECHANISMS OF INSECTICIDAL DERIVATIVES
...2.0089
EFFECT OF BITING FLIES ON WEIGHT GAINS IN CATTLE
...2.0090
ENTOMOLOGICAL PESTS OF VEGETABLE CROPS ...2.0288
ARTHROPODS OF MEDICAL AND VETERINARY IM-
PORTANCE ...4.0031
BIOLOGICAL STUDIES OF CULICOIDES AND THEIR CON-
TROL IN THE CANAL ZONE ...4.0043
BLUETONGUE TRANSMISSION BY SAND FLIES AND
MOSQUITOES ...4.0045
BASIC STUDIES ON THE BEHAVIOR AND PHYSIOLOGY OF
INSECTS THAT AFFECT MAN ...4.0047
BIONOMICS AND CONTROL OF ASIAN MOSQUITOES
...4.0058
RESEARCH ON ARTHROPOD-BORNE DISEASES -1 ...4.0070
Coniferous Forests
CLASSIFICATION, BIONOMICS, ECOLOGY CONTROL OF
FOREST INSECTS (OTHER THAN SCOLYTIDAE) IN CAL.
...1.0321
Cultural Control of Insects
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF PASTURE MOSQUITOES
...2.0008
BIOLOGY AND WATER MANAGEMENT STUDIES FOR CON-
TROL OF LOUISIANA MOSQUITOES (RICE FIELDS)
...2.0044
WATER MANAGEMENT IN MOSQUITO IMPOUNDMENTS
...2.0064
MOSQUITO CONTROL IN UPLAND SWAMPS ...2.0065
EFFECTS OF MOSQUITO CONTROL DITCHING ON HIGH
SALT MARSHES IN NORTH CAROLINA, PHASE 1 ...2.0073
Ectoparasitic Insects
MODE OF ACTION OF INSECTICIDES AS RELATED TO IN-
SECT METABOLISM AND BEHAVIOR ...1.0266
CONTROL OF COMMON HOUSEFLY ...2.0005
INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS: DISEASES TO
MAN OR ANIMALS ...2.0010
BIOLOGY ECOLOGY AND CONTROL OF INSECTS TICKS
AND MITES WHICH ATTACK LIVESTOCK, POULTRY AND
HOUSEHOLD ...2.0040
ABUNDANCE, DISTRIBUTION AND CONTROL OF MISCEL-
LANEOUS INSECTS. AFFECTING LIVESTOCK ...2.0056
NEW OR IMPROVED TECHNIQUES FOR SAFE CHEMICAL
CONTROL OF ECTOPARASITES OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS
...2.0077
THE BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF ARTHROPODS AFFECT-
ING MAN AND ANIMALS ...2.0078
INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS ...2.0081
EFFECT OF CONTROLLING SALT-MARSH MOSQUITOES
...2.0082
ARBOVIRUS STUDIES-HOUSTON AND THE TEXAS GULF
COAST ...2.0083
INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND DOMESTIC ANIMALS
...2.0087
ARTHROPODS OF MEDICAL AND VETERINARY IM-
PORTANCE ...4.0031
BLUETONGUE TRANSMISSION BY SAND FLIES AND
MOSQUITOES ...4.0045
A STUDY IN INSECT TRANSMISSION OF ANAPLASMOSIS
...4.0064
MOSQUITOES AS VECTORS OF LIVESTOCK DISEASES
...4.0065
SUBJECT INDEX
Endoparasitic Insects
Entomology, Applied
ABUNDANCE, DISTRIBUTION AND CONTROL OF MISCEL-
LANEOUS INSECTS, AFFECTING LIVESTOCK ...2.0056
THE BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF ARTHROPODS AFFECT-
ING MAN AND ANIMALS ...2.0078
TRANSMISSION OF ANAPLASMOSIS ...4.0032
BLUETONGUE TRANSMISSION BY SAND FLIES AND
MOSQUITOES ...4.0045
Factors Affecting Insect Pop.
Disease, Predators
FACTORS AFFECTING ROLE OF MICROORGANISMS IN
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF INSECT PESTS ...2.0037
STUDIES ON SOME FUNGAL PARASITES OF MOSQUITOES
...2.0072
Edaphic or Soil Conditions
OCCURRENCE AND BIONOMICS OF BLOODSUCKING
MIDGES (DIPTERA: CERATOPOGONIDAE) IN IOWA
...4.0056
Food
INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS: DISEASES TO
MAN OR ANIMALS ...2.0010
INSECTS AFFECTING MAN ...2.0068
INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND DOMESTIC ANIMALS
...2.0087
FEEDING HABITS OF MOSQUTTO LARVAE ...4.0034
BIONOMICS OF MARYLAND MOSQUITOES ...4.0063
A STUDY IN INSECT TRANSMISSION OF ANAPLASMOSIS
...4.0064
ECOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF THE DEVELOPMENT AND
FEEDING HABITS OF SIMULIUM SPP. (BLACK FLIES)
...4.0069
PHOTOPERIOD AND TEMPERATURE EFFECTS ON
DIAPAUSE OF THE MOSQUITO CULISETA INORNATA
...4.0074
Fiber Crops
EVALUATION OF NEW INSECTICIDES ...2.0015
Forage and Range Grasses
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF PASTURE MOSQUITOES
...2.0008
DYNAMICS, BEHAVIOR AND IMPACT OF ECONOMIC IN-
SECTS ...4.0053
Host Preference, Host-insect
TO CHARACTERIZE PATHOGENS OF MOSQUITOES ...2.0007
INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS ...2.0081
INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND DOMESTIC ANIMALS
...2.0087
SEARCH FOR AND IMPORTATION OF INSECT ENEMIES OF
AQUATIC WEEDS ...2.0095
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF WEEDS ...2.0099
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF WEEDS ...2.0102
SOUTHEASTERN BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF WEEDS IN-
VESTIGATIONS ...2.0120
NATURAL ENEMIES OF WTTCHWEED, NUTSEDGE, AND
SEVERAL AQUATIC WEEDS IN INDIA ...2.0135
NATURAL ENEMIES OF EURASIAN WATERMILFOIL IN
PAKISTAN ...2.0173
NATURAL ENEMIES OF MYRIOPHYLLUM SPICATUM IN YU-
GOSLAVIA ...2.0188
Household Insects
EMERGENCY INSECT CONTROL MEASURES FOR ALASKA
...2.0002
INSECTS AFFECTING MAN ...2.0068
DEVELOPMENT OF AN ORALLY EFFECTIVE INSECT REPEL-
LENT ...4.0051
Insect Control -nonspecific
EMERGENCY INSECT CONTROL MEASURES FOR ALASKA
...2.0002
BIOLOGY OF PEST MOSQUITOES, AND CONTROL THROUGH
COMMUNITY ACTION ...2.0004
2-43
465-868 0-72-14
-------
Entomology, Applied
SUBJECT INDEX
INSECT ATTRACTANTS, BEHAVIOR AND BASIC BIOLOGY
...2.0030
SURVEY OF INSECT PROBLEMS IN MONTANA ...2.0059
THE CONTROL OF MOSQUITOES OF MILITARY IM-
PORTANCE AND THE PREVENTION OF MOSQUITO-BORNE
DISEASES ...2.0074
ARBOVIRUS STUDIES-HOUSTON AND THE TEXAS GULF
COAST ...2.0083
ARTHROPODS OF MEDICAL AND VETERINARY IM-
PORTANCE ...4.0031
BIONOMICS OF MARYLAND MOSQUITOES ...4.0063
MOSQUITOES AS VECTORS OF LIVESTOCK DISEASES
...4.0065
CALIFORNIA ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS IN WISCONSIN ...4.0075
Insectal Biocontrol of
Insectal Biocontrol -other
BIOLOGICAL STUDIES OF MALACOPHAGOUS DIPTERA
...2.0282
EUROPEAN SCIOMYZIDAE ...2.0283
Insects
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF ARTHROPOD PESTS OF
LIVESTOCK ...2.0057
STUDY THE BIOLOGY OF A GROUP OF SNAIL-KILLING
FLIES ...2.0287
AQUATIC & SEMI-AQUATIC DIPTERA STUDIES ...4.0073
Weeds
SEARCH FOR AND IMPORTATION OF INSECT ENEMIES OF
AQUATIC WEEDS ...2.0095
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF WEEDS ...2.0099
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF WEEDS ...2.0102
SOUTHEASTERN BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF WEEDS IN-
VESTIGATIONS ...2.0120
THE PHYSIOLOGY AND CHEMICAL CONTROL OF AQUATIC
WEEDS IN THE SOUTHEAST ...2.0129
NATURAL ENEMIES OF WITCHWEED. NUTSEDGE, AND
SEVERAL AQUATIC WEEDS IN INDIA ...2.0135
INSECTS ON FOREIGN AQUATIC WEEDS IN LOUISIANA
...2.0144
INSECTS ASSOCIATED WITH AQUATIC WEED PESTS OF
FOREIGN ORIGIN .2.0145
NATURAL ENEMIES OF EURASIAN WATERMILFOIL IN
PAKISTAN ...2.0173
METHODS FOR CONTROLLING ALLIGATORWEED AND
OTHER WEEDS IN CANALS, WATERWAYS, AND AD-
JACENT WATERS IN THE SOUTHEASTERN U. S. ...2.0186
NATURAL ENEMIES OF MYRIOPHYLLUM SPICATUM IN YU-
GOSLAVIA ...2.0188
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF SNAILS AND SLUGS ...2.0269
Legume Crops
PESTICIDAL RESIDUES OF AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS
...1.0063
Myiasis
TRANSMISSION OF ANAPLASMOSIS ...4.0032
Nuisance Species
BIOLOGY OF PEST MOSQUITOES, AND CONTROL THROUGH
COMMUNITY ACTION ...2.0004
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF PASTURE MOSQUITOES
...2.0008
INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS: DISEASES TO
MAN OR ANIMALS ...2.0010
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF MOSQUITOES IN IRRIGATED
AND WATER MANAGEMENT AREAS ...2.0011
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF MIDGES, GNATS AND
MOSQUITOES ...2.0014
SYNTHETIC INSECT CONTROL AGENTS, GAINESVILLE
...2.0028
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF MOSQUITOES, SAND FLIES,
AND GNATS FOR PUBLIC AND MILITARY PROGRAMS
...2.0033
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF MOSQUITOES SAND FLIES
AND GNATS OF U.S. COAST ...2.0043
BIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL FACTORS INFLUENCING
THE DEVELOPMENT OF LARVAL MOSQUITO POPULA-
TIONS ...2.0052
STRUCTURE-ACTTVITY RELATIONSHIPS AND MODE OF AC-
TION OF INSECTICIDE SYNERGISTS ...2.0067
INSECTS AFFECTING MAN . .2.0068
EFFECTS OF MOSQUITO CONTROL DITCHING ON HIGH
SALT MARSHES IN NORTH CAROLINA, PHASE 1 ...2.0073
EFFECTS OF MOSQUITO CONTROL DITCHING ON HIGH
SALT MARSHES IN NORTH CAROLINA ...2.0075
INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS ...2.0081
MOSQUITO AND HOUSEFLY CONTROL WITH CHEMOSTERI-
LANTS IN EGYPT ...2.0085
BIOLOGICAL FACTORS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF LAKE
FLIES ...2.0088
DYNAMICS, BEHAVIOR AND IMPACT OF ECONOMIC IN-
SECTS ...4.0053
Oilseed Crops
EMERGENCY INSECT CONTROL ...2.0076
Outbreaks of Insects
CLASSIFICATION, BIONOMICS, ECOLOGY CONTROL OF
FOREST INSECTS (OTHER THAN SCOLYTIDAE) IN CAL
...1.0321
EMERGENCY INSECT CONTROL MEASURES FOR ALASKA
...2.0002
DYNAMICS, BEHAVIOR AND IMPACT OF ECONOMIC IN-
SECTS ...4.0053
Physical Control of Insects
AND BEHAVIOR
OF BITING DIPTERA
CONTROL OF
DEVELOPMENT
...2.0023
INSECTICIDE AND NON-CHEMICAL
MOSQUITOES ...2.0025
BIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL FACTORS INFLUENCING
THE DEVELOPMENT OF LARVAL MOSQUITO POPULA-
TIONS ...2.0052
MOSQUITO INVESTIGATIONS RESEARCH AND DEVELOP-
MENT ...2.0060
MOSQUITO CONTROL - TIDAL MARSHES ...2.0063
CONTROLLING MOSQUITOES ON HAYING MEADOWS
...2.0066
EFFECTS OF MOSQUITO CONTROL DITCHING ON HIGH
SALT MARSHES IN NORTH CAROLINA, PHASE 1 ...2.0073
EFFECTS OF MOSQUITO CONTROL DITCHING ON HIGH
SALT MARSHES IN NORTH CAROLINA ...2.0075
EFFECT OF CONTROLLING SALT-MARSH MOSQUITOES
...2.0082
BIOLOGICAL STUDIES OF CULICOIDES AND THEIR CON-
TROL IN THE CANAL ZONE ...4.0043
OCCURRENCE AND BIONOMICS OF BLOODSUCKING
MIDGES (DIPTERA: CERATOPOGONIDAE) IN IOWA
...4.0056
Rearing of Insects
EFFECTS OF INSECTICIDES ON ACTIVITY OF SOIL INHABIT-
ING INSECTS ...1.0059
SUPPLYING GENETIC MARKER AND INCOMPATIBLE
STRAINS OF CULEX PIPIENS ...2.0012
SUPPRESSION AND ECOLOGY OF MOSQUITOES ...2.0018
MOSQUITO PATHOGENS AS POTENTIAL CONTROL AGENTS
...2.0019
BIOLOGY OF MICROORGANISMS OF MOSQUITOES ...2.0022
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF INSECTS AFFECTING MAN
...2.0027
INSECT RESISTANCE TO, AND THE GENETIC MECHANISM
OF CHEMICAL CONTROL AGENTS ...2.0029
CONTROL OF CULEX NIGRIPALPUS BY STERILITY
METHODS ...2.0032
BIOLOGY ECOLOGY AND CONTROL OF INSECTS TICKS
AND MITES WHICH ATTACK LIVESTOCK, POULTRY AND
HOUSEHOLD ...2.0040
CONTROL OF BLACK FLIES AND MOSQUITOES IN MAINE
...2.0046
INTERSPECIFIC
...2.0047
COMPETITION AMONG MOSQUITOES
2-44
-------
SUBJECT INDEX
Entomology, Medical
BIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL FACTORS INFLUENCING
THE DEVELOPMENT OF LARVAL MOSQUITO POPULA-
TIONS ...2.0052
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF ARTHROPOD PESTS OF
LIVESTOCK ...2.00S7
STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIPS AND MODE OF AC-
TION OF INSECTICIDE SYNERGISTS ...2.0067
STUDIES ON SOME FUNGAL PARASITES OF MOSQUITOES
...2.0072
SUSCEPTIBILITY OR RESISTANCE OF MEDICALLY IMPOR-
TANT INSECTS TO INSECTICIDES ON SELECTED AIR
FORCE BASES ...2.0084
MOSQUITO AND HOUSEFLY CONTROL WITH CHEMOSTERI-
LANTS IN EGYPT ...2.0085
NATURAL ENEMIES OF MYRIOPHYLLUM SPICATUM IN YU-
GOSLAVIA ...2.0188
EUROPEAN SCIOMYZIDAE ...2.0283
STUDY THE BIOLOGY OF A GROUP OF SNAIL-KILLING
FLIES ...2.0287
THE NUTRITION AND BEHAVIOR OF MOSQUITOES ...4.0033
FEEDING HABITS OF MOSQUITO LARVAE ...4.0034
DEVELOPMENT OF CULTURE METHODS FOR MOSQUITOES
...4.0035
CULTIVATION OF INSECT PHASE OF AVIAN PLASMODIA
...4.0036
MOSQUITOES OF MIDDLE AMERICA ...4.0038
BLUETONGUE TRANSMISSION BY SAND FLIES AND
MOSQUITOES ...4.0045
ECOLOGY AND CONTROL OF DISEASE VECTORS AND
RESERVOIRS ...4.0046
BASIC STUDIES ON THE BEHAVIOR AND PHYSIOLOGY OF
INSECTS THAT AFFECT MAN ...4.0047
MOSQUITOES OF THE NEW GUINEA AREA ...4.ooso
THERMAL STRESS AND POLYMORPHISM OF MOSQUITOES
...4.0052
BIONOMICS OF SELECTED NORTH AMERICAN CULICINE
MOSQUITOES ...4.0054
GENETICS AND REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY OF AEDES
MOSQUITOES ...4.0055
BIONOMICS AND CONTROL OF ASIAN MOSQUITOES
...4.0058
ECOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF THE DEVELOPMENT AND
FEEDING HABITS OF SIMULIUM SPP. (BLACK FLIES)
...4.0069
PHOTOPERIOD AND TEMPERATURE EFFECTS ON
DIAPAUSE OF THE MOSQUITO CULISETA INORNATA
...4.0074
Stored Grain
STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIPS AND MODE OF AC-
TION OF INSECTICIDE SYNERGISTS ...2.0067
Survey Methods
EMERGENCY INSECT CONTROL MEASURES FOR ALASKA
...2.0002
BIOLOGY OF PEST MOSQUITOES, AND CONTROL THROUGH
COMMUNITY ACTION ...2.0004
BIOLOGY OF MICROORGANISMS OF MOSQUITOES ...2.0022
BIOLOGY ECOLOGY AND CONTROL OF INSECTS TICKS
AND MITES WHICH ATTACK LIVESTOCK, POULTRY AND
HOUSEHOLD ...2.0040
BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY OF SALT-MARSH MOSQUITOES
OF LOUISIANA ...2.0042
BIOLOGY AND WATER MANAGEMENT STUDIES FOR CON-
TROL OF LOUISIANA MOSQUITOES (RICE FIELDS)
...2.0044
CONTROL OF BLACK FLIES AND MOSQUITOES IN MAINE
...2.0046
BIOLOGICAL AND SYSTEMATIC STUDIES ON AQUATIC
ARTHROPODS ...2.0054
INSECT SURVEY OF MONTANA ...2.0058
SURVEY OF INSECT PROBLEMS IN MONTANA ...2.0059
MOSQUITO INVESTIGATIONS RESEARCH AND DEVELOP-
MENT ...2.0060
COORDINATION OF MOSQUITO CONTROL IN NEW JERSEY
...2.0061
MOSQUITOES IN RELATION TO AGRICULTURAL PRODUC-
TION AND VETERINARY SCIENCE ...2.0062
STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIPS AND MODE OF AC-
TION OF INSECTICIDE SYNERGISTS ...2.0067
INSECTS AFFECTING MAN ...2.0068
EFFECT OF CONTROLLING SALT-MARSH MOSQUITOES
...2.0082
SEARCH FOR AND IMPORTATION OF INSECT ENEMIES OF
AQUATIC WEEDS ...2.0095
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF WEEDS ...2.0102
NATURAL ENEMIES OF WITCHWEED, NUTSEDGE, AND
SEVERAL AQUATIC WEEDS IN INDIA ...2.0135
INSECTS ON FOREIGN AQUATIC WEEDS IN LOUISIANA
...2.0144
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF SNAILS AND SLUGS ...2.0269
STUDY THE BIOLOGY OF A GROUP OF SNAIL-KILLING
FLIES ...2.0287
ARTHROPODS OF MEDICAL AND VETERINARY IM-
PORTANCE ...4.0031
TRANSMISSION OF ANAPLASMOSIS ...4.0032
ECOLOGY AND CONTROL OF DISEASE VECTORS AND
RESERVOIRS ...4.0046
DYNAMICS, BEHAVIOR AND IMPACT OF ECONOMIC IN-
SECTS ...4.0053
ARTHROPOD-BORNE VIRUS (ARBOVIRUS) ACTIVITY IN
MAJOR MOSQUITO VECTORS IN IOWA ...4.0057
MOSQUITOES OF MALAYSIA ...4.0060
BIONOMICS OF MARYLAND MOSQUITOES . .4.0063
MOSQUITOES AS VECTORS OF LIVESTOCK DISEASES
...4.0065
ENTOMOLOGY DEVELOPMENT OF A LIGHTWEIGHT TRAP
FOR COLLECTION OF MOSQUITOES FOR VIRUS ISOLA-
TION ...4.0071
Vegetables
PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN PLANTS, ANIMALS, SOILS, AND
WATER ...1.0075
ENTOMOLOGICAL PESTS OF VEGETABLE CROPS ...2.0288
Veterinary Entomology -other
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF ARTHROPOD PESTS OF
LIVESTOCK ...2.0057
MOSQUITOES IN RELATION TO AGRICULTURAL PRODUC-
TION AND VETERINARY SCIENCE ...2.0062
EFFECT OF BITING FLIES ON WEIGHT GAINS IN CATTLE
...2.0090
ARTHROPODS OF MEDICAL AND VETERINARY IM-
PORTANCE ...4.0031
TRANSMISSION OF ANAPLASMOSIS ...4.0032
Weeds
SEARCH FOR AND IMPORTATION OF INSECT ENEMIES OF
AQUATIC WEEDS ...2.0095
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF WEEDS ...2.0099
NATURAL ENEMIES OF WITCHWEED, NUTSEDGE, AND
SEVERAL AQUATIC WEEDS IN INDIA ...2.0135
INSECTS ASSOCIATED WITH AQUATIC WEED PESTS OF
FOREIGN ORIGIN ...2.0145
NATURAL ENEMIES OF MYRIOPHYLLUM SPICATUM IN YU-
GOSLAVIA ...2.0188
Entomology, Medical
EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE IN
THE MOSQUITOFISH, GAMBUSIA AFFINIS ...1.0249
BIOLOGY OF PEST MOSQUITOES, AND CONTROL THROUGH
COMMUNITY ACTION 2.0004
AERIAL DISPERSAL METHODS FOR CONCENTRATED IN-
SECTICIDES ...2.0009
INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS: DISEASES TO
MAN OR ANIMALS ...2.0010
IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MOSQUITO
PATHOGENS ...2.0020
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF INSECTS AFFECTING MAN
...2.0027
CONTROL OF CULEX NIGRIPALPUS BY STERILITY
METHODS ...2.0032
2-45
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Entomology, Medical
SUBJECT INDEX
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF MOSQUITOES, SAND FUES,
AND GNATS FOR PUBLIC AND MILITARY PROGRAMS
2.0033
VIRAL PATHOGENS ...2.0035
CYTOPLASMIC INHERITANCE AND CONTROL OF CULEX
PIPIENS ...2.0041
BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY OF SALT-MARSH MOSQUITOES
OF LOUISIANA ...2.0042
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF MOSQUITOES, SAND FLIES,
AND GNATS OF U.S. COAST ...2.0043
BIOLOGY AND WATER MANAGEMENT STUDIES FOR CON-
TROL OF LOUISIANA MOSQUITOES (RICE FIELDS)
...2.0044
GENETIC STUDIES ON THE CONTROL OF ARBOVIRUS VEC-
TORS ...2.0048
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF ARTHROPOD PESTS OF
LIVESTOCK ...2.005T
SURVEY OF INSECT PROBLEMS IN MONTANA ...2.0059
COORDINATION OF MOSQUITO CONTROL IN NEW JERSEY
...2.0061
WATER MANAGEMENT IN MOSQUITO IMPOUNDMENTS
...2.0064
MOSQUITO CONTROL IN UPLAND SWAMPS ...2.0065
INSECTS AFFECTING MAN ...2.0068
MODE OF ACTION OF A NEW FUNGAL PATHOGEN OF
MOSQUITOES ...2.0070
POTENTIAL OF COELOMOMYCES FOR CONTROLLING
MOSQUITOES ..J.W71
EFFECTS OF MOSQUITO CONTROL DITCHING ON HIGH
SALT MARSHES IN NORTH CAROLINA, PHASE 1 ...2.0073
THE BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF ARTHROPODS AFFECT-
ING MAN AND ANIMALS ...2.0078
SUSCEPTIBILITY OR RESISTANCE OF MEDICALLY IMPOR-
TANT INSECTS TO INSECTICIDES ON SELECTED AIR
FORCE BASES ...2.0084
ARTHROPODS OF MEDICAL AND VETERINARY IM-
PORTANCE .4.0031
MOSQUITOES OF MIDDLE AMERICA ...4.0037
MOSQUITOES OF MIDDLE AMERICA ...4.0038
ATTRACTIVENESS AND REPELLENCY OF MAN TO
MOSQUITO BITES ...4.0041
PUBLICATION OF BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MEDICAL EN-
TOMOLOGY .4.0042
INTER-DISCIPLINARY RESEARCH IN THE AREA OF THE
KANO PLAINS, WESTERN KENYA ...4.0059
ENTOMOLOGY DEVELOPMENT OF A LIGHTWEIGHT TRAP
FOR COLLECTION OF MOSQUITOES FOR VIRUS ISOLA-
TION ...4.0071
Arthropods and Disease
INVESTIGATIONS OF THE ACTION OF CHEMOSTERILANTS
ON HOUSEFLIES AND OTHER MEDICALLY IMPORTANT
ARTHROPODS ...2.002*
MALARIA ERADICATION RESEARCH ...2.0051
ARBOVIRUS STUDIES-HOUSTON AND THE TEXAS GULF
COAST ...2.0083
ECOLOGY AND DISEASE TRANSMISSION POTENTIAL
...4.0044
BASIC STUDIES ON THE BEHAVIOR AND PHYSIOLOGY OF
INSECTS THAT AFFECT MAN ...4.0047
BIONOMICS OF SELECTED NORTH AMERICAN CULICINE
MOSQUITOES ...4.0054
GENETICS AND REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY OF AEDES
MOSQUITOES ...4.0055
ARTHROPOD-BORNE VIRUS (ARBOVIRUS) ACTIVITY IN
MAJOR MOSQUITO VECTORS IN IOWA ...4.0057
BIONOMICS AND CONTROL OF ASIAN MOSQUITOES
...4.0058
BIOLOGY, GENETICS, AND PHYSIOLOGY OF DISEASE VEC-
TORS ...4.0061
JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS ON GUAM ...4.0062
INSECTS AS VECTORS OF DISEASES OF MILITARY IM-
PORTANCE IN ETHIOPIA THEIR ECOLOGY AND CONTROL
...4.0067
LABORATORY ANALYSIS OF INSECTICIDE EFFECTIVENESS
AGAINST MEDICALLY IMPORTANT INSECTS ...4.0068
RESEARCH ON ARTHROPOD-BORNE DISEASES -1 ...4.0070
ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPORTANCE OF FILARIASIS IN
THAILAND ...4.0072
CALIFORNIA ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS IN WISCONSIN ...4.007S
Bloodsucking
ECOLOGY AND CONTROL OF CERTAIN PARASITIC DIP-
TERA ...2.0001
DEVELOPMENT AND BEHAVIOR .OF BITING DIPTERA
...2.0023
SYNTHETIC INSECT CONTROL AGENTS, GAINESVILLE
...2.0028
INSECT RESISTANCE TO, AND THE GENETIC MECHANISM
OF CHEMICAL CONTROL AGENTS ...2.0029
MOSQUITOES IN RELATION TO AGRICULTURAL PRODUC-
TION AND VETERINARY SCIENCE ...2.0062
STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIPS AND MODE OF AC-
TION OF INSECTICIDE SYNERGISTS ...2.0067
THE CONTROL OF MOSQUITOES OF MILITARY IM-
PORTANCE AND THE PREVENTION OF MOSQUITO-BORNE
DISEASES ...2.0074
ARBOVIRUS STUDIES-HOUSTON AND THE TEXAS GULF
COAST ...2.0083
BLUETONGUE TRANSMISSION BY SAND FLIES AND
MOSQUITOES ...4.0045
ECOLOGY AND CONTROL OF DISEASE VECTORS AND
RESERVOIRS ...4.0046
COMPARISONS BETWEEN ARTHROPOD AND VERTEBRATE
METABOLISM ...4.0049
DEVELOPMENT OF AN ORALLY EFFECTIVE INSECT REPEL-
LENT ...4.0051
OCCURRENCE AND BIONOMICS OF BLOODSUCKING
MIDGES (DIPTERA: CERATOPOGONIDAE) IN IOWA
...4.0056
BIONOMICS AND CONTROL OF ASIAN MOSQUITOES -
...4.0058
BIONOMICS OF MARYLAND MOSQUITOES ...4.0063
A STUDY IN INSECT TRANSMISSION OF ANAPLASMOSIS
...4.0064
RESEARCH ON ARTHROPOD-BORNE DISEASES -1 ...4.0070
PHOTOPERIOD AND TEMPERATURE EFFECTS ON
DIAPAUSE OF THE MOSQUITO CULISETA INORNATA
...4.0074
Ectopharasites - No Disease
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF MOSQUITOES IN CENTRAL AND
NORTHERN CALIFORNIA ...2.0006
STUDIES ON INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE IN MOSQUITOES
...2.0017
SUPPRESSION AND ECOLOGY OF MOSQUITOES ...2.0018
(U) REPELLENCY AND ATTRACTIVENESS OF MAN TO
MOSQUITO BITES ...4.0040
Entomology, Morphology
BIOLOGICAL AND SYSTEMATIC STUDIES ON AQUATIC
ARTHROPODS ...2.0054
BIOLOGICAL STUDIES OF MALACOPHAGOUS DIPTERA
...2.0282
THERMAL STRESS AND POLYMORPHISM OF MOSQUITOES
...4.0052
RESEARCH ON ARTHROPOD-BORNE DISEASES -1 ...4.0070
AQUATIC & SEMI-AQUATIC DIPTERA STUDIES ...4.0073
External Morphology
INSECT ATTRACTANTS, BEHAVIOR AND BASIC BIOLOGY
...2.0030
FACTORS AFFECTING THE ROLE OF MICROORGANISMS IN
THE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF INSECT PESTS ...2.0053
DEVELOPMENT OF CULTURE METHODS FOR MOSQUITOES
...4.0035
DEVELOPMENT OF AN ORALLY EFFECTIVE INSECT REPEL-
LENT ...4.0051
Internal Morphology
FACTORS AFFECTING THE ROLE OF MICROORGANISMS IN
THE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF INSECT PESTS ...2.00S3
2-46
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SUBJECT INDEX
Entomology, Physiology
PHOTOPERIOD AND TEMPERATURE EFFECTS ON
DIAPAUSE OF THE MOSQUITO CULISETA INORNATA
...4.0074
Polymorphism -insect
THERMAL STRESS AND POLYMORPHISM OF MOSQUITOES
...4.0052
Entomology, Pathology
MOSQUITO PATHOGENS AS POTENTIAL CONTROL AGENTS
...2.0019
IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MOSQUITO
PATHOGENS ...2.0020
BIOLOGY OF MICROORGANISMS OF MOSQUITOES ...2.0022
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF INSECTS AFFECTING MAN
...2.0027
INSECT RESISTANCE TO, AND THE GENETIC MECHANISM
OF CHEMICAL CONTROL AGENTS ...2.0029
CULTIVATION OF COELOMOMYCES, A FUNGAL PARASITE
OF MOSQUITOES ...2.0031
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF MOSQUITOES, SAND FLIES,
AND GNATS FOR PUBLIC AND MILITARY PROGRAMS
...2.0033
FACTORS AFFECTING ROLE OF MICROORGANISMS IN
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF INSECT PESTS ...2.0037
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF MOSQUITOES, SAND FLIES,
AND GNATS OF U.S. COAST ...2.0043
FACTORS AFFECTING THE ROLE OF MICROORGANISMS IN
THE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF INSECT PESTS ...2.0053
MODE OF ACTION OF A NEW FUNGAL PATHOGEN OF
MOSQUITOES ...2.0070
POTENTIAL OF COELOMOMYCES FOR CONTROLLING
MOSQUITOES ...2.0071
STUDIES ON SOME FUNGAL PARASITES OF MOSQUITOES
...2.0072
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF MOSQUITOES, SAND FLIES,
AND GNATS OF WESTERN U.S. ...2.0079
BLUETONGUE TRANSMISSION BY SAND FLIES AND
MOSQUITOES ...4.0045
BIOLOGY, GENETICS, AND PHYSIOLOGY OF DISEASE VEC-
TORS ...4.0061
Entomology, Physiology
Behavior -insect
TOXICOLOGY OF PESTICIDES IN THE ENVIRONMENT
...1.0360
INVESTIGATIONS OF PHEROMONES AS CHEMOSTERILANTS
FOR INSECTS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO SYNTHETIC
QUEN SUBSTANCE AND ITS ANALOGUES ...2.0021
INSECT ATTRACTANTS, BEHAVIOR AND BASIC BIOLOGY
...2.0030
EUROPEAN SCIOMYZIDAE ...2.0283
ARTHROPODS OF MEDICAL AND VETERINARY IM-
PORTANCE ...4.0031
THE NUTRITION AND BEHAVIOR OF MOSQUITOES ...4.0033
FEEDING HABITS OF MOSQUITO LARVAE ...4.0034
ATTRACTIVENESS AND REPELLENCY OF MAN TO
MOSQUITO BITES ...4.0041
BASIC STUDIES ON THE BEHAVIOR AND PHYSIOLOGY OF
INSECTS THAT AFFECT MAN ...4.0047
MOSQUITOES OF THE NEW GUINEA AREA ...4.0050
DYNAMICS, BEHAVIOR AND IMPACT OF ECONOMIC IN-
SECTS ...4.0053
GENETICS AND REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY OF AEDES
MOSQUITOES ...4.0055
BIOLOGY, GENETICS, AND PHYSIOLOGY OF DISEASE VEC-
TORS ...4.0061
BIONOMICS OF MARYLAND MOSQUITOES ...4.0063
RESEARCH ON ARTHROPOD-BORNE DISEASES - I ...4.0070
AQUATIC & SEMI-AQUATIC DIPTERA STUDIES ...4.0073
Biorhythms -insect
MODE OF ACTION OF INSECTICIDES AS RELATED TO IN-
SECT METABOLISM AND BEHAVIOR ...1.0266
SUSCEPTIBILITY OF INSECTS TO INSECTICIDES ...2.0055
MOSQUITO INVESTIGATIONS - RESEARCH AND DEVELOP-
MENT ...2.0060
GENETICS AND REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY OF AEDES
MOSQUITOES ...4.0055
Circulatory System - Insect
COMPARISONS BETWEEN ARTHROPOD AND VERTEBRATE
METABOLISM ...4.0049
Comparative Physiology
STUDY THE BIOLOGY OF A GROUP OF SNAIL-KILLING
FLIES ...2.0287 • '
COMPARISONS BETWEEN ARTHROPOD AND VERTEBRATE
METABOLISM ...4.0049
Digestion and Excretion
THE NUTRITION AND BEHAVIOR OF MOSQUITOES ...4.0033
FEEDING HABITS OF MOSQUITO'LARVAE ...4.0034
COMPARISONS BETWEEN ARTHROPOD AND VERTEBRATE
METABOLISM ...4.0049
Endocrine System -
MODE OF ACTION OF INSECTICIDES AS RELATED TO IN-
SECT METABOLISM AND BEHAVIOR ...1.0266
BIOLOGICAL STUDIES OF MALACOPHAGOUS DIPTERA
...2.0282
GENETICS AND REPRODUCTIVE
MOSQUITOES ...4.0055 , .
BIOLOGY OF AEDES
Env Physiology -insect
BASIC STUDIES ON THE BEHAVIOR AND PHYSIOLOGY OF
INSECTS THAT AFFECT MAN ...4.0*47
THERMAL STRESS AND POLYMORPHISM OF MOSQUITOES
...4.0052
Growth, Moulting & Metamorph
ECOLOGY OF MOSQUITOES OF ARID SOUTHEASTERN
CALIFORNIA ...4.0039
THERMAL STRESS AND POLYMORPHISM OF MOSQUITOES
...4.0052
WATER QUALITY REQUIREMENTS OF AQUATIC INSECTS
...4.0066
Diapause
DEVELOPMENT AND BEHAVIOR OF BITING DIPTERA
...2.0023
EMERGENCY INSECT CONTROL ...2.0076
BIONOMICS OF SELECTED NORTH AMERICAN CULICINE
MOSQUITOES ...4.0054
PHOTOPERIOD AND TEMPERATURE EFFECTS ON
DIAPAUSE OF THE MOSQUITO CULISETA INORNATA
...4.0074
Moult and Metamorphosis
BIOLOGY OF MICROORGANISMS OF MOSQUITOES ...2.0022
DEVELOPMENT AND BEHAVIOR OF BITING DIPTERA
...2.0023
BIOLOGY AND WATER MANAGEMENT STUDIES FOR CON-
TROL OF LOUISIANA MOSQUITOES (RICE FIELDS)
...2.0044
BIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL FACTORS INFLUENCING
THE DEVELOPMENT OF LARVAL MOSQUITO POPULA-
TIONS ...2.0052
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF ARTHROPOD PESTS OF
LIVESTOCK ...2.0057
INSECTS ON FOREIGN AQUATIC WEEDS IN LOUISIANA
...2.0144
STUDY THE BIOLOGY OF A GROUP OF SNAIL-KILLING
FLIES ...2.0287
MOSQUITOES OF MIDDLE AMERICA ...4.0038
ECOLOGY AND CONTROL OF DISEASE VECTORS AND
RESERVOIRS ...4.0046
2-47
-------
Entomology, Physiology
THERMAL STRESS AND POLYMORPHISM OF MOSQUITOES
.4.0052
AQUATIC & SEMI-AQUATIC DIPTERA STUDIES ...4.0073
Metabolism -insects
COMPARISONS BETWEEN ARTHROPOD AND VERTEBRATE
METABOLISM ...4.0049
Musculoskeletal System
MODE OF ACTION OF INSECTICIDES AS RELATED TO IN-
SECT METABOLISM AND BEHAVIOR ...1.0266
Nervous Systems, Sensory
MODE OF ACTION OF INSECTICIDES AS RELATED TO IN-
SECT METABOLISM AND BEHAVIOR ...1.0266
BASIC STUDIES ON THE BEHAVIOR AND PHYSIOLOGY OF
INSECTS THAT AFFECT MAN ...4.0047
DEVELOPMENT OF AN ORALLY EFFECTIVE INSECT REPEL-
LENT ...4.0051
Nutrition -insects
INSECT RESISTANCE TO, AND THE GENETIC MECHANISM
OF CHEMICAL CONTROL AGENTS ...2.0029
STUDY THE BIOLOGY OF A GROUP OF SNAIL-KILLING
FLIES ...2.0287
THE NUTRITION AND BEHAVIOR OF MOSQUITOES ...4.0033
FEEDING HABITS OF MOSQUITO LARVAE ...4.0034
CULTIVATION OF INSECT PHASE OF AVIAN PLASMODIA
...4.0036
ECOLOGY OF MOSQUITOES OF ARID SOUTHEASTERN
CALIFORNIA ...4.0039
COMPARISONS BETWEEN ARTHROPOD AND VERTEBRATE
METABOLISM ...4.0049
MOSQUITOES OF THE NEW GUINEA AREA ...4.0050
GENETICS AND REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY OF AEDES
MOSQUITOES ...4.0055
BIONOMICS AND CONTROL OF ASIAN MOSQUITOES
...4.0058
BIONOMICS OF MARYLAND MOSQUITOES ...4.0063
A STUDY IN INSECT TRANSMISSION OF ANAPLASMOSIS
...4.0064
ECOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF THE DEVELOPMENT AND
FEEDING HABITS OF SIMULIUM SPP. (BLACK FLIES)
...4.0069
AQUATIC & SEMI-AQUATIC DIPTERA STUDIES ...4.0073
Reproduction - Insect
INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS: DISEASES TO
MAN OR ANIMALS ...2.0010
BIOLOGICAL STUDIES OF CULICOIDES AND THEIR CON-
TROL IN THE CANAL ZONE ...4.0043
GENETICS AND REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY OF AEDES
MOSQUITOES ...4.0055
WATER QUALITY REQUIREMENTS OF AQUATIC INSECTS
...4.0066
Female
INVESTIGATIONS OF PHEROMONES AS CHEMOSTERILANTS
FOR INSECTS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO SYNTHETIC
QUEN SUBSTANCE AND ITS ANALOGUES ...2.0021
BIOLOGY OF MICROORGANISMS OF MOSQUITOES ...2.0022
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF MOSQUITOES, SAND FLIES,
AND GNATS OF U.S. COAST ...2.0043
BASIC STUDIES ON THE BEHAVIOR AND PHYSIOLOGY OF
INSECTS THAT AFFECT MAN ...4.0047
THERMAL STRESS AND POLYMORPHISM OF MOSQUITOES
...4.0052
BIOLOGY, GENETICS, AND PHYSIOLOGY OF DISEASE VEC-
TORS ...4.0061
PHOTOPERIOD AND TEMPERATURE EFFECTS ON
DIAPAUSE OF THE MOSQUITO CULISETA INORNATA
.4.0074
Male
BIOLOGY OF MICROORGANISMS OF MOSQUITOES ...2.0022
MOSQUITOES OF MIDDLE AMERICA ..4.0037
SUBJECT INDEX
THERMAL STRESS AND POLYMORPHISM OF MOSQUITOES
...4.0052
BIOLOGY, GENETICS, AND PHYSIOLOGY OF DISEASE VEC-
TORS ...4.0061
Sterility & Fertility
BIOLOGY, GENETICS, AND PHYSIOLOGY OF DISEASE VEC-
TORS ...4.0061
Respiration -insect
SUSCEPTIBILITY OF INSECTS TO INSECTICIDES ...2.0055
Sensory -insect
INSECT ATTRACTANTS, BEHAVIOR AND BASIC BIOLOGY
...2.0030
(U) REPELLENCY AND ATTRACTIVENESS OF MAN TO
MOSQUITO BITES ...4.0040
BASIC STUDIES ON THE BEHAVIOR AND PHYSIOLOGY OF
INSECTS THAT AFFECT MAN ...4.0047
DEVELOPMENT OF AN ORALLY EFFECTIVE INSECT REPEL-
LENT ...4.0051
Tissue -insect
DEVELOPMENT OF AN ORALLY EFFECTIVE INSECT REPEL-
LENT ...4.0051
THERMAL STRESS AND POLYMORPHISM OF MOSQUITOES
...4.0052
Environmental Effects
INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS: DISEASES TO
MAN OR ANIMALS ...2.0010
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF MIDGES, GNATS AND
MOSQUITOES ...2.0014
RESPONSE OF PLANT COMMUNITIES TO SUSTAINED USE
OF HERBICIDES ...2.0161
DYNAMICS, BEHAVIOR AND IMPACT OF ECONOMIC IN-
SECTS ...4.0053
Environmental Health -general
IMPACT ON MAN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION
CAUSED BY LEAD ...1.0123
INTER-DISCIPLINARY RESEARCH IN THE AREA OF THE
KANO PLAINS, WESTERN KENYA ...4.0059
Environmental Modification
FATE OF HERBICIDES IN PLANTS AND SOILS ...1.0095
SURVEY OF INSECT PROBLEMS IN MONTANA ...2.0059
AQUATIC PLANTS OF POLLUTED WATERS IN
SOUTHWESTERN UNITED STATES ...4.0028
Environments
IMPACT ON MAN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION
CAUSED BY LEAD ...1.0123
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS IN THE SURVIVAL OF MAN
...1.0132
CENTER FOR STUDY OF THE HUMAN ENVIRONMENT
...1.0190
WATER MANAGEMENT IN MOSQUITO IMPOUNDMENTS
...2.0064
MOSQUITO CONTROL IN UPLAND SWAMPS .2.0065
CONTROLLING MOSQUITOES ON HAYING MEADOWS
...2.0066
Environments -geologic
FATE OF HARMFUL METALS IN SOIL AND WATER
SYSTEMS ...1.0003
CHARACTERIZATION OF SURFACES OF CRYSTALLINE AND
AMORPHOUS SOIL COLLOIDS ...1.0042
IMPACT ON MAN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION
CAUSED BY LEAD ...1.0123
ILLINOIS LAWS AFFECTING AGRICULTURE ...1.0332
2-48
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SUBJECT INDEX
Enzymes
Freshwater Environment
DEVELOP A SELECTIVE ALGACIDE TO CONTROL
NUISANCE ALGAL GROWTH ...2.0151
Marine Environments
ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY OF SAN FRANCISCO BAY
WATERS AND SEDIMENTS ...1.0120
CHEMICAL ANALYSES ...1.0129
EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON ESTUARINE PRODUCTIVITY
...1.0133
A STUDY PROGRAM TO IDENTIFY PROBLEMS RELATED TO
OCEANIC ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY - NORTH ATLAN-
TIC ...1.0140
A STUDY PROGRAM TO IDENTIFY PROBLEMS RELATED TO
OCEANIC ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY - NORTH ATLAN-
TIC ...1.0158
RESEARCH VESSEL OPERATIONS ...3.0048
Terrestrial Environments
CONTROL OF HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL SPILLS BY PHYSI-
CAL BARRIERS ...1.0086
Enzyme Studies
Comparative Enzymology
INHIBITORY EFFECT OF DDT IN ATPASE ASSAY MIXTURES
...1.0309
Enzyme Applications
ENZYME SYSTEMS OF ESTUARINE ORGANISMS ...1.0239
THE EFFECT OF PESTICIDES ON PRIMARY PRODUCERS IN
A FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEM ...1.0350
Enzyme Inhibitor
A TISSUE ENZYME ASSAY FOR CHLORINATED HYDROCAR-
BON INSECTICIDES ...1.0265
CHARACTERIZATION OF ESTERASE(S) PRESENT IN FISH
BLOOD ...1.0276
EFFECTS OF FISH CONTROL AGTS ON BLOOD CHEM & HE-
MATOPOIETIC TISSUE OF FISH. EFFECTS OF ANTIMYCIN
A. ON ACID-BASE BALANCE IN BLOOD OF FISH ...2.0260
CHARACTERIZATION OF THE INFECTIOUS PANCREATIC
NECROSIS (1PN) VIRUS OF TROUT ...3.0031
Isoenzymes
EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON MARINE ANIMALS ...1.0243
Kinetics - Mechanisms
ENZYME SYSTEMS OF ESTUARINE ORGANISMS ...1.0239
EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON MARINE ANIMALS ...1.O243
A TISSUE ENZYME ASSAY FOR CHLORINATED HYDROCAR-
BON INSECTICIDES ...1.0265
CHARACTERIZATION OF ESTERASE(S) PRESENT IN FISH
BLOOD ...1.0276
Quantitative & Qualitative
A TISSUE ENZYME ASSAY FOR CHLORINATED HYDROCAR-
BON INSECTICIDES ...1.0265
Enzymes
ENZYME SYSTEMS OF ESTUARINE ORGANISMS ...1.0239
PHARMACOLOGICAL AND ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF
PESTICIDES ...1.0362
Alkaline Phosphatase
POPULATION GENETICS AND RADIOGENETICS IN
MOSQUITOES ...2.0038
EFFECT OF ANESTHESIA ON THE BLOOD CHEMISTRY OF
FISHES ...2.0234
Aspartate Aminotransferase
EFFECT OF ANESTHESIA ON THE BLOOD CHEMISTRY OF
FISHES ...2.0234
Atpase
A TISSUE ENZYME ASSAY FOR CHLORINATED HYDROCAR-
BON INSECTICIDES ...1.0168
A TISSUE ENZYME ASSAY FOR CHLORINATED HYDROCAR-
BON INSECTICIDES ..1.0265
MODE OF ACTION OF INSECTICIDES AS RELATED TO IN-
SECT METABOLISM AND BEHAVIOR ...1.0266
INHIBITORY EFFECT OF DDT IN ATPASE ASSAY MIXTURES
...1.0309
EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION ON FISH DIS-
EASES - ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES AND DISEASE
RESISTANCE MECHANISMS OF RAINBOW TROUT ...1.0312
SUSCEPTIBILITY OF INSECTS TO INSECTICIDES ...2.0055
ACTION MECHANISMS OF INSECTICIDAL DERIVATIVES
...2.0089
Cholinesterase
ENZYME SYSTEMS OF ESTUARINE ORGANISMS ...1.0239
FACTORS AFFECTING PESTICIDE TOXICITY ...1.0255
COMPARISON OF METHODS USED TO MEASURE ESTERASE
ACTIVITY. INTERACTIONS BETWEEN PESTICIDES ON
FISH ENZYME SYSTEMS ...1.0274
SEASONAL CHANGES IN ESTERASE ACTIVITY IN FISH AND
INVERTEBRATES. INTERACTIONS BETWEEN PESTICIDES
ON FISH ENZYME SYSTEMS ...1.0275
CHARACTERIZATION OF ESTERASE(S) PRESENT IN FISH
BLOOD ...1.0276
EFFECTS OF PARATHION AND MALATHION ON WARM-
WATER FISH PONDS ...1.0283
IN VITRO POTENCY OF SEVERAL ANTICHOLINESTERASE
AGENTS WITH SELECTED MEMBERS OF THE AQUATIC
ENVIRONMENT ...1.0348
RELATION OF APPLICATION METHODS, CONCENTRATION,
AND VOLUME OF INSECTICIDE TO CATTLE INSECT CON-
TROL ...2.0039
Diamine Oxidase
PESTICIDE EFFECTS ON NITROGEN METABOLISM IN
TELEOSTS ..1.0289
Enzymes -nonspecific
LIVESTOCK DETOXICATING MECHANISMS OF PESTICIDES
...1.0212
ENZYME AND TISSUE ALTERATIONS IN FISH A MEASURE
OF WATER QUALITY ...1.0248
A TISSUE ENZYME ASSAY FOR CHLORINATED HYDROCAR-
BON INSECTICIDES ...1.0265
CHRONIC TOXICITY OF PESTICIDES TO FISH ...1.0287
CONSTRUCTION OF PESTICIDES DEGRADABLE BY NOR-
MAL MICROFLORA OF NATURAL WATERS AND SOILS
...1.0331
PHARMACOLOGICAL AND ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF
PESTICIDES ...1.0362
INSECT CHEMOSTERILANTS ...2.0049
ACTION MECHANISMS OF INSECTICIDAL DERIVATIVES
...2.0089
Esterase
FACTORS AFFECTING PESTICIDE TOXICITY ...1.0255
CHARACTERIZATION OF ESTERASE(S) PRESENT IN FISH
BLOOD ...1.0276
IN VITRO POTENCY OF SEVERAL ANTICHOLINESTERASE
AGENTS WITH SELECTED MEMBERS OF THE AQUATIC
ENVIRONMENT ...1.0348
POPULATION GENETICS AND RADIOGENETICS IN
MOSQUITOES ...2.0038
ACTION MECHANISMS OF INSECTICIDAL DERIVATIVES
...2.0089
CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION OF BIOLOGICALLY IMPOR-
TANT NATURAL PRODUCTS ...2.0265
Glycolytic Enzymes -general
CULTIVATION OF COELOMOMYCES, A FUNGAL PARASITE
OF MOSQUITOES ...2.0031
Hydrolytic Enzymes -general
FACTORS AFFECTING PESTICIDE TOXICITY .1.0255
2-49
-------
Enzymes
SUBJECT INDEX
Luciferase
THE EFFECT OF PESTICIDES ON PRIMARY PRODUCERS IN
A FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEM ...1.0350
MaUc Dehydrogenase
POPULATION GENETICS
MOSQUITOES ...2.0038
AND RADIOGENETICS IN
Maltese
COMPARISONS BETWEEN ARTHROPOD AND VERTEBRATE
METABOLISM ...4.0049
Microorganism Enzymes
LYSIS OF BLUE-GREEN ALGAE BY BACTERIAL ENZYMES
AND THEIR POSSIBLE USE IN CONTROLLING ALGAL
BLOOMS ...2.0114
Peroxidase
FATE OF PESTICIDES ...1.0064
Proteolytic Enzymes
A STUDY OF INHIBITORY COMPOUNDS PRODUCED BY
FRESH-WATER ALGAE ...2.0138
ON NITROGEN METABOLISM IN
ON NITROGEN METABOLISM IN
Transaminase
PESTICIDE EFFECTS
TELEOSTS ...1.0289
PESTICIDE EFFECTS
TELEOSTS ...1.0290
Trehalase
COMPARISONS BETWEEN ARTHROPOD AND VERTEBRATE
METABOLISM ...4.0049
Xanthine Oxidase
POPULATION GENETICS AND RADIOGENETICS IN
MOSQUITOES ...2.0038
Epizootiology
PATHOLOGY EPIZOOTIOLOGY ...3.0113
Disease Control & Prevention
INVESTIGATE CONTROL MEASURES OF BACTERIAL INFEC-
TIONS IN FISH ...3.0003
METHOD OF CONTROLLING MORTALITY IN CHANNEL
CATFISH DUE TO CCV INFECTION ...3.0005
DEVELOPMENT OF METHODS FOR RAPID IDENTIFICATION
OF BACTERIAL FISH PATHOGENS ...3.0097
DIAGNOSIS OF DISEASES IN FISH ...3.0107
PARASITES OF WARMWATER FISHES AND THEIR CONTROL
...3.0108
CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC STUDIES ON FISH PATHOGENIC BAC-
TERIA ...3.0123
CONTROL OF MYXOSOMA CEREBRALIS AND OTHER CAR-
TILAGINOUS MYXOSPOR1DA FILTRATION AND UL-
TRAVIOLET IRRADIATION ...3.0129
Mass Suppression
THE IMPORTANCE OF THE FOOD CHAIN IN BOTULISM IN-
TOXICATION AMONG WATERFOWL LAKES AND
SLOUGHS OF THE DEVILS LAKE REGION IN NORTH
DAKOTA ...1.0359
Quarantine
PACIFIC OYSTER MORTALITY STUDIES ...3.0034
Disease Incidence & Prevalence
IMPACT OF CERATOMYXA IN CENTRAL OREGON SAL-
MONID POPULATIONS ...3.0057
Enzootic
INSECTS AS VECTORS OF DISEASES OF MILITARY IM-
PORTANCE IN ETHIOPIA THEIR ECOLOGY AND CONTROL
...4.0067
Epizootic
THE IMPORTANCE OF THE FOOD CHAIN IN BOTULISM IN-
TOXICATION AMONG WATERFOWL LAKES AND
SLOUGHS OF THE DEVILS LAKE REGION IN NORTH
DAKOTA ...1.0359
EPIZOOTIOLOGY OF PARASITIC DISEASES IN FISH POPULA-
TIONS UNDER INTENSIVE MANAGEMENT ...3.0001
COOPERATIVE FISH PARASITE AND DISEASE STUDY
...3.0015
EPIDERMAL PAPILLOMAS ...3.0021
EPIZOOTIOLOGY OF LEPTOSPIRES - FISH SUSCEPTIBILITY
TO L. ICTEROHAEMORRHIGICA (ABBREV) ...3.0023
SURVEY OF ANIMAL DISEASES IN CONNECTICUT ...3.0024
PACIFIC OYSTER MORTALITY STUDIES ...3.0034
ETIOLOGY OF ESTUARINE FISH DISEASES ...3.0040
BIOLOGY OF THE PROTOZOAN PARASITE CERATOMYXA
SHASTA ...3.0050
MARINE FISHERIES - SYMBIOSIS AND PARASITISM -
RESEARCH ...3.0055
BACTERIAL AND VIRAL DISEASES AND CELL CULTURES
OF MARINE FISH AND SHELLFISH ...3.0074
ISOLATION OF VIRUSES FROM FISHES - INVESTIGATION OF
FISH EPIZOOTICS OF UNKNOWN ETIOLOGY FOR POSSI-
BLE VIRUS INVOLVEMENT ...3.0084
MOSQUITOES AS VECTORS OF LIVESTOCK DISEASES
...4.0065
Mode of Disease Transmission
SHELLFISH MORTALITY - CHESAPEAKE BAY ...3.0033
TRANSMISSION OF AN OVARY PARASITE OF THE GOLDEN
SHINER ...3.0038
INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF SALMON1D FISHES ...3.0049
TRANSMISSION OF CERATOMYXA SHASTA ...3.0058
TRANSMISSION OF MICROSPORIDA ...3.0131
ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPORTANCE OF FILARIASIS IN
THAILAND ...4.0072
Congenital
TRANSMISSION OF AN OVARY PARASITE OF THE GOLDEN
SHINER ...3.0038
Fomites
TRANSMISSION OF MYXOSOMA CEREBRALIS AND OTHER
CARTILAGINOUS MYXOSPORIDA ...3.0132
Food
THE IMPORTANCE OF THE FOOD CHAIN IN BOTULISM IN-
TOXICATION AMONG WATERFOWL LAKES AND
SLOUGHS OF THE DEVILS LAKE REGION IN NORTH
DAKOTA ...1.0359
TRANSMISSION OF AN OVARY PARASITE OF THE GOLDEN
SHINER ...3.0038
CYTOLOGY OF VIRAL NEOPLASMS OF FISH ...3.0045
Invertebrates
THE IMPORTANCE OF THE FOOD CHAIN IN BOTULISM IN-
TOXICATION AMONG WATERFOWL LAKES AND
SLOUGHS OF THE DEVILS LAKE REGION IN NORTH
DAKOTA ...1.0359
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF ARTHROPOD PESTS OF
LIVESTOCK ...2.0057
THE BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF THE SNAIL INTER-
MEDIATE HOST OF SCHISTOSOMES ...2.0276
DEVELOPMENT OF A TOXIC BAIT ..2.0286
PACIFIC OYSTER MORTALITY STUDIES ...3.0034
CYTOLOGY OF VIRAL NEOPLASMS OF FISH ...3.0045
EPIDEMOLOGY OF 'SALMON POISONING1 DISEASE ...3.0054
UTILIZATION OF INVERTEBRATE VECTORS IN THE TRANS-
MISSION OF WHIRLING DISEASE ...3.0064
TRANSMISSION OF ANAPLASMOSIS ...4.0032
ECOLOGY AND CONTROL OF DISEASE VECTORS AND
RESERVOIRS ...4.0046
BIONOMICS OF MARYLAND MOSQUITOES ...4.0063
A STUDY IN INSECT TRANSMISSION OF ANAPLASMOSIS
...4.0064
2-50
-------
SUBJECT INDEX
Eutrophication
Vertebrates
THE IMPORTANCE OF THE FOOD CHAIN IN BOTULISM IN-
TOXICATION AMONG WATERFOWL LAKES AND
SLOUGHS OF THE DEVILS LAKE REGION IN NORTH
DAKOTA ...1.0359
IDENTIFICATION OF PARASITIC BACTERIAL FORMS
...3.0002
SUSCEPTIBILITY OF OTHER SPECIES OF CATFISHES TO CCV
AND THEIR POSSIBLE ROLE AS CARRIERS ...3.0007
DETERMINE IF SPORES OR INFECTIVE STAGES ARE SHED
FROM LIVING FISH ...3.0068
DETECTION OF CARRIER CONDITION IN FURUNCULOSIS
...3.0098
POSSIBLE BIRD TRANSMISSION OF 'MYXOSOMA
CEREBRALIS' ...3.0105
Water
BIOLOGY OF THE PROTOZOAN PARASITE CERATOMYXA
SHASTA ...3.0050
CONTROL OF MYXOSOMA CEREBRALIS AND OTHER CAR-
TILAGINOUS MYXOSPORIDA FILTRATION AND UL-
TRAVIOLET IRRADIATION ...3.0129
Vector-host Relationship
Biological
THE BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF ARTHROPODS AFFECT-
ING MAN AND ANIMALS ...2.0078
TRANSMISSION OF ANAPLASMOSIS ...4.0032
INSECTS AS VECTORS OF DISEASES OF MILITARY IM-
PORTANCE IN ETHIOPIA THEIR ECOLOGY AND CONTROL
...4.00«7
Mechanical
COOPERATIVE FISH PARASITE AND DISEASE STUDY
...3.0015
Zoonotic
VERTEBRATE DISEASES - VIRAL DISEASES OF FRESH-
WATER FISHES AND OTHER LOWER VERTEBRATES
EGTVED VIRUS ...3.0104
ECOLOGY AND DISEASE TRANSMISSION POTENTIAL
...4.0044
Erosion Control
WATER YIELD IN THE CHAPARRAL AND WOODLAND
ZONE OF THE SOUTHWEST ...1.0005
ECONOMIC EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES AND OTHER WASTES
ON NATURAL RESOURCE QUALITY ...1.0026
PESTICIDES IN SOILS AND WATERS OF THE SOUTHERN
PIEDMONT ...1.0033
PESTICIDE MOBILITY AND DEGRADATION IN SOIL-WATER
SYSTEMS ...1.0085
PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF PERSISTENCE AND
MOVEMENT OF HERBICIDES IN SOIL ...1.0090
FERTILIZERS AND SEDIMENTS AS WATER POLLUTANTS
...1.0179
Wind Erosion
EVALUATION AND DEMONSTRATION OF IRRIGATION
METHODS AND PRACTICES TO REDUCE CONTAMINA-
TION IN IRRIGATION WASTE WATER ...1.0104
Estuaries
ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY - BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLING
IN ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS ...1.0068
PESTICIDE KINETICS ...1.0127
ESTUARINE ECOSYSTEMS ...1.0128
CHEMICAL ANALYSES ...1.0129
EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON ESTUARINE PRODUCTIVITY
...1.0133
TOXAPHENE CONTAMINATION - ESTUARINE ECOLOGY
...1.0139
DEEPWATER PILOT PLANT ENGINEERING AND INTERCEP-
TOR FEASIBILITY STUDY ...1.0184
TRANSFER OF PESTICIDES THROUGH SOILS. WATER, SEDI-
MENTS AND AQUATIC LIFE ...1.0202
THE OCCURRENCE OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN THE LOWER
BRISBANE RIVER AND IN THE TISSUES OF ESTUARINE
ANIMALS ...1.0233
EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON AQUATIC ANIMALS IN THE
ESTUARINE AND MARINE ENVIRONMENTS ...1.0234
PESTICIDE MONITORING PROGRAM ...1.0238
ENZYME SYSTEMS OF ESTUARINE ORGANISMS ...1.0239
BEHAVIOR OF ESTUARINE ANIMALS ...1.0240
PHYSIOLOGY OF ESTUARINE ORGANISMS ...1.0242
THE EFFECTS OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES ON LARVAL AND
JUVENILE WINTER FLOUNDER IN THE WEWEANTIC
RIVER ESTUARY, MASSACHUSETTS ...1.0253
PESTICIDE RESIDUE EFFECTS ON LARVAL MARINE FISHES
...1.0254
EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON ESTUARINE ORGANISMS
...1.0304
EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON ESTUARINE ORGANISMS
...1.0305
PREVENTION OF PESTICIDE POLLUTION FROM COASTAL
INSECT CONTROL PROGRAMS ...1.0358
COORDINATION OF MOSQUITO CONTROL IN NEW JERSEY
...2.0061
EFFECTS OF MOSQUITO CONTROL DITCHING ON HIGH
SALT MARSHES IN NORTH CAROLINA, PHASE 1 ...2.0073
EFFECTS OF MOSQUITO CONTROL DITCHING ON HIGH
SALT MARSHES IN NORTH CAROLINA ...2.0075
VIBRIO PARAHAEMOLYTICUS IN CHESAPEAKE BAY
ISOLATION, INCIDENCE AND PATHOGENICITY ...3.0026
UTILIZATION AND MANAGEMENT OF COASTAL MARSHES
AND RESOURCES ...3.0029
ETIOLOGY OF ESTUARINE FISH DISEASES ...3.0040
ECOLOGY OF RECREATIONALLY IMPORTANT ESTUARINE
FISHES IN OREGON ...3.0052
MARINE FISHERIES - SYMBIOSIS AND PARASITISM
RESEARCH ...3.0055
EFFECT OF SUPERSATURATION OF DISSOLVED NITROGEN
ON MIGRATING SALMONIDS ...3.0083
Ethers
EFFECT OF ANESTHESIA ON THE BLOOD CHEMISTRY OF
FISHES ...2.0234
THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENTLY EXTRACTED ENDOTOXINS
FROM ESCHERICHIA COLI ON RAINBOW TROUT (SALMO
GAIRDNERI) ...3.0071
Ethiopia
INSECTS AS VECTORS OF DISEASES OF MILITARY IM-
PORTANCE IN ETHIOPIA THEIR ECOLOGY AND CONTROL
...4.0067
Eutrophication
NUTRIENT AND WATER INPUTS AND OUTGO FROM THE
ORGANIC AND MINERAL SOILS IN THE LAKE APOPKA
AREA ...1.0027
ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLING
IN ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS ...1.0068
GREEN BAY RESEARCH PROGRAM ...1.0112
AN ECOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF STREAM EUTROPHICA-
TION ...1.0161
WATERSHED ANALYSIS RELATING TO EUTROPHICATION
OF LAKE MICHIGAN ...1.0162
GROUND AND SURFACE WATERS - POLLUTION ...1.0182
ALGAE CONTROL BY ARTIFICIAL MIXING IN LAKE
COCHITUATE ...2.0149
EUTROPHICATION EFFECT OF FLOW AUGMENTATION
...2.0168
EUTROPHICATION - EFFECT OF WEED HARVESTING
...2.0169
EUTROPHICATION BIOLOGICAL CONTROL USING
GRAZERS ...2.0170
2-51
-------
Eutrophication
SUBJECT INDEX
PHYSICAL ECOLOGICAL CONTROL
EUTROPHICATION
...2.0171
EUTROPHtCATION - PILOT OPERATIONS ...2.0172
NUISANCE ALGAL GROWTH RELATED TO ENVIRONMEN-
TAL FACTORS ...2.0180
IMPROVING SURFACE WATER CONDITIONS THROUGH
CONTROL AND DISPOSAL OF AQUATIC VEGETATION,
PHASE II ...2.0181
LYSIS OF BLUE-GREEN ALGAE BY BACTERIAL ENZYMES
AND THEIR POSSIBLE USE IN CONTROLLING ALGAL
BLOOMS ...2.0184
LIMNOLOGICAL, 1CHTHYOLOGICAL, AND PARASITOLOGI-
CAL INVESTIGATIONS ON ARKANSAS RESERVOIRS IN
RELATION TO WATER QUALITY ...3.0019
INTERACTIONS BETWEEN AQUATIC PLANTS AND SEWAGE
EFFLUENT ...4.0001
RELATIVE LEACHING RATES OF COMMON NITROGEN CAR-
RIERS FROM SANDY SOILS IN RELATION TO LAKE
EUTROPHICATION ...4.0006
AN INVESTIGATION OF THE CAUSES, EFFECTS, AND CON-
TROL OF EUTROPHICATION IN MAINE LAKES ...4.0011
NUTRIENT CONTROL PROJECT DETROIT LAKES, MIN-
NESOTA ...4.0015
LAKE SUPERIOR PERIPHYTON IN RELATION TO WATER
QUALITY ...4.0017
A STUDY OF ALGAL POPULATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH DIF-
FERENT LEVELS OF WATER QUALITY IN NEW
HAMPSHIRE ...4.0018
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN WATER QUALITY AND PLANT
GROWTH IN PONDS ...4.0019
EUTROPHICATION OF SHELTERED BAYS IN A LARGE LAKE
...4.0029
ECOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF THE DEVELOPMENT AND
FEEDING HABITS OF SIMULIUM SPP. (BLACK FLIES)
...4.0069
Evapotranspiration
EFFECTS OF VEGETATIVE COVERS UPON RUNOFF FROM
PRINCIPAL SOILS OF WESTERN NORTH CAROLINA
...1.0074
Extracts
BEHAVIOR OF PESTICIDES AND POLLUTANTS IN SOIL,
WATER, AND PLANTS ...1.00S3
CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION OF BIOLOGICALLY IMPOR-
TANT NATURAL PRODUCTS ...2.0265
Exudates
MODE OF ACTION, TOXICITY, AND FACTORS INFLUENC-
ING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF FUNGICIDES ...1.0082
Farm Pond -see Ponds
REMOVAL OF CONTAMINANTS FROM RURAL WATER SUP-
PLIES ...1.0047
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN PESTICIDES AND GEORGIA
FARM POND ECOSYSTEMS ...1.0138
CONTAMINATION OF SURFACE AND GROUND WATER
WITH INSECTICIDES AND HERBICIDES APPLIED TO CUL-
TIVATED CROPS .1.0189
MICROBIOLOGY OF FARM PONDS ...1.0220
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL FACTORS AFFECTING FISH
...1.0246
ECOLOGY OF PESTICIDES IN AN AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM
...1.0339
FARM FISH POND MANAGEMENT ...1.0340
AN EVALUATION OF WIDELY USED HERBICIDES ON
AQUATIC PLANTS, FISH AND FISH-FOOD ORGANISMS
...1.0343
DYNAMICS OF ALGAE POPULATIONS IN FARM FISH PONDS
CONTROL OF WEEDS AND CERTAIN OTHER AQUATIC
PESTS IN THE PACIFIC SOUTHWEST ...2.0101
BASIC PHYSIOLOGY OF AQUATIC WEEDS IN THE
SOUTHEAST ...2.0115
FOREST AND FARM GAME HABITAT; FISH POND ...2.0143
Farm Safety
PESTICIDE POLLUTION OF FARMSTEAD WATER SUPPLIES
IN THE SOUTHEAST ...1.0032
PESTICIDE POLLUTION OF FARMSTEAD WATER SUPPLIES
IN THE NORTHEAST ...1.0052
METHODS FOR DISPOSAL OF SPILLED AND UNUSED PESTI-
CIDES ...1.0060
CONTROL OF HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL SPILLS BY PHYSI-
CAL BARRIERS ...1.0086
CHARACTERISTICS AND POLLUT1ONAL PROBLEMS OF
PESTICIDE MANUFACTURING WASTES ...1.0093
Farm Wastes
ECONOMIC EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES AND OTHER WASTES
ON NATURAL RESOURCE QUALITY ...1.0026
NUTRIENT & WATER INPUTS & OUTGO FROM THE OR-
GANIC & MINERAL SOILS IN THE LAKE APOPKA AREA
...1.0029
DEEPWATER PILOT PLANT-ENGINEERING AND INTERCEP-
TOR FEASIBILITY ..1.0183
IMPROVING SURFACE WATER CONDITIONS THROUGH
CONTROL AND DISPOSAL OF AQUATIC VEGETATION
PHASE II ...2.0181
IMPROVING SURFACE WATER CONDITIONS THROUGH
CONTROL AND DISPOSAL OF AQUATIC VEGETATION
...2.0182
Fats
CONTAMINATION OF CHANNEL CATFISH WITH DIELDRIN
FROM AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF ...1.0247
QUALITY FACTORS OF LAKE MICHIGAN COHO SALMON
FLESH ...1.0259
THE FATE AND EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES IN THE AQUATIC
ENVIRONMENT OF THE FLATHEAD LAKE DRAINAGE
AREA ...1.0297
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE USE OF AGRICUL-
TURAL CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS AND THEIR
RESIDUES IN CHANNEL CATFISH ...1.0298
PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN OR ON RAW AGRICULTURAL COM-
MODITIES ...1.0306
FISHERY RESOURCES PROGRAM ...1.0317
CHEMICAL BIOCIDES IN LAKES .1.0364
PESTICIDE LEVELS IN BIRDS WINTERING ON LAKE
MICHIGAN ...1.0367
SYNTHETIC INSECT CONTROL AGENTS, GAINESVILLE
...2.0028
INSECT ATTRACTANTS, BEHAVIOR AND BASIC BIOLOGY
...2.0030
CONTROL OF WEEDS IN AQUATIC AND NONCROP AREAS
IN THE UPPER MISSOURI RIVER BASIN ...2.0160
(U) REPELLENCY AND ATTRACTIVENESS OF MAN TO
MOSQUITO BITES ...4.0040
ATTRACTIVENESS AND REPELLENCY OF MAN TO
MOSQUITO BITES ...4.0041
PHOTOPERIOD AND TEMPERATURE EFFECTS ON
DIAPAUSE OF THE MOSQUITO CULISETA INORNATA
...4.0074
Blood Lipids -general
BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN
FISH ...1.0261
Glycerides
COMPARISONS BETWEEN ARTHROPOD AND VERTEBRATE
METABOLISM ...4.0049
Glycolipids
THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENTLY EXTRACTED ENDOTOXINS
FROM ESCHERICHIA COLI ON RAINBOW TROUT (SALMO
GAIRDNERI) ...3.0071
2-52
-------
SUBJECT INDEX
Fish
Plant Lipids
CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC CONTROL OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS BY
HORMONES ...2.0266
Feces
REDUCTION OF PESTICIDE RESIDUE HAZARDS ...1.0040
PHYSIOLOGIC RESPONSE OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS TO
POLLUTANTS ...1.0260
DETERMINE IF SPORES OR INFECTIVE STAGES ARE SHED
FROM LIVING FISH ...3.0068
POSSIBLE BIRD TRANSMISSION OF 'MYXOSOMA
CEREBRALIS' ...3.0105
Fencholic Acid
BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF INSECT CONTROL AGENTS
...2.0050
Fertilizer Technology
Fertilizer Losses
SOIL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND SOIL WATER MOVE-
MENT ...1.0072
NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS, HERBICIDE MOVEMENT BY SOIL
WATER AND SOURCES OF CONTAMINATION ...1.0073
FATES OF AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS IN SOILS ...1.0092
EVALUATION AND DEMONSTRATION OF IRRIGATION
METHODS AND PRACTICES TO REDUCE CONTAMINA-
TION IN IRRIGATION WASTE WATER ...1.0104
QUANTIFICATION OF POLLUTANTS IN AGRICULTURAL RU-
NOFF ...1.0204
RELATIVE LEACHING RATES OF COMMON NITROGEN CAR-
RIERS FROM SANDY SOILS IN RELATION TO LAKE
EUTROPHICATION ...4.0006
Fertilizer Materials
INTERACTION OF FERTILIZERS WITH PESTICIDES AS RE-
LATED TO WATER QUALITY IN SOILS ...1.0008
NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS, HERBICIDE MOVEMENT BY SOIL
WATER AND SOURCES OF CONTAMINATION ...1.0073
EVALUATION AND DEMONSTRATION OF IRRIGATION
METHODS AND PRACTICES TO REDUCE CONTAMINA-
TION IN IRRIGATION WASTE WATER ...1.0104
RELATIVE LEACHING RATES OF COMMON NITROGEN CAR-
RIERS FROM SANDY SOILS IN RELATION TO LAKE
EUTROPHICATION ...4.0006
Placement of Fertilizer
AGRICULTURAL CONTRIBUTIONS TO NUTRIENTS IN
WATER ...1.0186
Rates or Levels of Application
INTERACTION OF FERTILIZERS WITH PESTICIDES AS RE-
LATED TO WATER QUALITY IN SOILS ...1.0008
SOIL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND SOIL WATER MOVE-
MENT ...1.0072
NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS, HERBICIDE MOVEMENT BY SOIL
WATER AND SOURCES OF CONTAMINATION ...1.0073
LOSSES OF FERTILIZERS AND PESTICIDES IN RUNOFF ERO-
SION ...1.0178
AGRICULTURAL CONTRIBUTIONS TO NUTRIENTS IN
WATER ...1.0186
RELATIVE LEACHING RATES OF COMMON NITROGEN CAR-
RIERS FROM SANDY SOILS IN RELATION TO LAKE
EUTROPHICATION ...4.0006
Timing of Application
NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS, HERBICIDE MOVEMENT BY SOIL
WATER AND SOURCES OF CONTAMINATION ...1.0073
AGRICULTURAL CONTRIBUTIONS TO NUTRIENTS IN
WATER ...1.0186
Types of Applied Fertilizer
EVALUATION AND DEMONSTRATION OF IRRIGATION
METHODS AND PRACTICES TO REDUCE CONTAMINA-
TION IN IRRIGATION WASTE WATER ...1.0104
Filtration
REMOVAL OF CONTAMINANTS FROM RURAL WATER SUP-
PLIES ..1.0047
PESTICIDES INPUTS AND LEVELS IN MINNESOTA WATERS
OF LAKE SUPERIOR BASIN ...1.0166
CONCENTRATION AND ANALYSIS OF PESTICIDES AND
OTHER RECALCITRANT MOLECULES IN WATER SUP-
PLIES BY ULTRAFILTRATION ...1.0185
ELECTROPHORETIC CLARIFICATION OF WATER ...1.0211
INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF SALMONID FISHES ...3.0049
Fish
Acipenseridae
FISHERIES INVESTIGATIONS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO
MANAGEMENT OF ECONOMIC SPECIES ...4.0080
Agnatha
RESIDUES OF TFM IN FISH-LA CROSSE ...1.0315
STUDY OF THE SEA LAMPREY IN LOVE LAKE ...2.0200
ASSESSMENT OF LAKE TROUT RESTORATION IN MICHIGAN
WATERS OF LAKE MICHIGAN, 1969-70 ...2.0202
SEA LAMPREY CONTROL LAKE MICHIGAN CHEMICAL
CONTROL ...2.0203
SEA LAMPREY CONTROL LAKE HURON CHEMICAL CON-
TROL ...2.0204
LAKE SUPERIOR CHEMICAL CONTROL OF SEA LAMPREY
..2.0205
SEA LAMPREY CONTROL AGE AND GROWTH STUDIES
...2.0206
SEA LAMPREY CONTROL REESTABLISHMENT STUDIES
2.0207
SEA LAMPREY CONTROL - ASSESSMENT METHODS ...2.0208
LAKE HURON CHEMICAL CONTROL ...2.0209
BIOLOGY OF THE LARVAL SEA LAMPREY ..2.0210
BIOASSAY ...2.0211
LAKE SUPERIOR COMMERCIAL FISHERIES ASSESSMENT
STUDIES ...2.0212
RELATION OF LAMPREY EELS TO EXISTING SALMONID
STOCKS IN CAYUGA LAKE ...2.0219
TRIBUTARY SURVEY OF LAKES ONTARIO AND ERIE
...2.0220
PLANNING FOR CREATION OF SALMONID FISHERIES IN
LAKE ONTARIO ...2.0221
PRE-LAMPREY CONTROL INVENTORY OF FISH STOCKS
...2.0222
POPULATION DYNAMICS - LAKE TROUT ...2.0235
THE DEVELOPMENT OF ANALYTICAL METHODS CAPABLE
OF MEASURING TFM RESIDUES IN FISH, WATER. AND
OTHER COMPLEX SUBSTRATES ...2.0238
ASSESSMENT OF LAKE TROUT AND ASSOCIATED SPECIES
IN LAKES MICHIGAN AND SUPERIOR ...2.0264
Carangidae
UTILIZATION AND MANAGEMENT OF COASTAL MARSHES
AND RESOURCES ...3.0029
SPAWNING AND REARING OF MARINE FISH ...3.0110
Catostomidae
FISHERIES UNIT ...1.0203
JO-MARY POND RECLAMATION ...2.0201
THE INTERACTION OF THE WALLEYE AND WHITE SUCKER
IN THE FISH POPULATION OF SOFT WATER LAKE IN
NORTHEASTERN MINNESOTA ...2.0215
THE EFFECTS OF TFM ON THE BLOOD CHEMISTRY OF
FISHES ...2.0252
STATIC BIOASSAY OF TOXICANTS AGAINST FISH AND IN-
VERTEBRATES ...2.0255
2-53
-------
Fish
SUBJECT INDEX
CONTINUOUS FLOW BIOASSAY OF TOXICANTS AGAINST
FISH AND INVERTEBRATES ...2.0259
GAME FISH REPRODUCTION AND ROUGH FISH PROBLEMS
IN ELEPHANT BUTTE LAKE ...4.0081
Centrarchidae
Centrarchidae -other
METABOLISM OF ENDRIN IN PONDS ...1.0113
THE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF VARIOUS LIFE STAGES OF FRESH-
WATER FISHES TO THREE TOXICANTS ...1.0279
RELATIVE SUSCEPTIBILITIES OF FISH FAMILIES TO HERBI-
CIDES ...1.0280
EFFECTS OF PARATHION AND MALATHION ON WARM-
WATER FISH PONDS ...1.0283
UPTAKE AND METABOLISM BY FISH OF 2,4-D DIMETHYL
AMINE SALT ...1.0293
EVALUATION OF GIZZARD SHAD AS A FORAGE FISH
...1.0356
FISH PRODUCTION AND GAME MANAGEMENT ON THE
IDLEWILD PLANTATION ...2.0142
SMALL IMPOUNDMENT STOCKING ...2.0190
IMPOUNDMENT EFFECTS ON WATER QUALITY AS
REFLECTED IN PARASITISM OF RESERVOIR BASSES
...3.0018
CYTOLOGY OF VIRAL NEOPLASMS OF FISH ...3.0045
Lepomis -other
STATIC BIOASSAY OF TOXICANTS AGAINST FISH AND IN-
VERTEBRATES ...2.025S
CONTINUOUS FLOW BIOASSAY OF TOXICANTS AGAINST
FISH AND INVERTEBRATES ...2.0259
Lepomis Macrochirus
UPTAKE AND RELEASE OF DALAPON IN EARTHEN PONDS
...1.0114
A TISSUE ENZYME ASSAY FOR CHLORINATED HYDROCAR-
BON INSECTICIDES ...1.0168
MODE OF ACTION OF INSECTICIDES AS RELATED TO IN-
SECT METABOLISM AND BEHAVIOR ...1.0266
COMPARISON OF METHODS USED TO MEASURE ESTERASE
ACTIVITY. INTERACTIONS BETWEEN PESTICIDES ON
FISH ENZYME SYSTEMS ...1.0274
SEASONAL CHANGES IN ESTERASE ACTIVITY IN FISH AND
INVERTEBRATES. INTERACTIONS BETWEEN PESTICIDES
ON FISH ENZYME SYSTEMS ...1.0275
EARLY SQUAMATION OF BLUEGILL (LEPOMIS
MACROCHIRUS) AND FATHEAD MINNOWS (PIMEPHALES
PROMELAS) EXPOSED TO AROCLORS ...1.0286
CHRONIC TOXICITY OF PESTICIDES TO FISH ...1.0287
MINERAL IMBALANCE IN BLUEGILLS EXPOSED TO
MALATHION PESTICIDE-INDUCED MINERAL IMBALANCE
IN FISH ...1.0292
UPTAKE AND METABOLISM BY FISH OF 2,4-D DIMETHYL
AMINE SALT ...1.0293
THE FATE OF SELECT PESTICIDES IN THE AQUATIC EN-
VIRONMENT ...1.0330
STUDY OF CHRONIC TOXICITY OF LINDANE TO SELECTED
FRESHWATER FISHES AND FOOD CHAIN ORGANISMS
...1.0337
DETERMINATION OF DIGESTION RATES FOR TROUT
...1.0346
POND ECOLOGY AND PRODUCTION AS AFFECTED BY
SIMAZINE ...1.0353
EVALUATION OF GIZZARD SHAD AS A FORAGE FISH
...1.0356
STUDY OF CHRONIC TOXICITY OF PARATHION TO
SELECTED FRESHWATER FISHES AND FOOD CHAIN OR-
GANISMS ...1.0357
RESTORING 'BALANCE1 WITH ROTENONE AND FINTROL
...2.0194
THE TOXICITY AND DETOXIFICATION OF THE ROTENONE
FORMULATIONS USED IN FISH MANAGEMENT ...2.0226
AN EVALUATION OF TECHNIQUES TO MANAGE SMALL IM-
POUNDMENTS IN OHIO ...2.0227
U.V. SPECTROPHOTOMETRY FOR THE IDENTIFICATION
AND ESTIMATION OF QUINALDINE RESIDUE ...2.0237
THE EFFICACY OF QUINALDINE SULFATE MS-222 AS AN
ANESTHETIC FOR FISH IN THE LABORATORY - WARM
SPRINGS ...2.0239
SELECTIVE REMOVAL OF VARIOUS FISH SPECIES WITH AN-
TIMYCIN ...2.0240
STATIC BIOASSAY OF TOXICANTS AGAINST FISH AND IN-
VERTEBRATES ...2.0255
CONTINUOUS FLOW BIOASSAY OF TOXICANTS AGAINST
FISH AND INVERTEBRATES ...2.0259
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF MCN-JR-7464 AS AN ANESTHETIC
FOR SELECTED SPECIES OF FISH (ABBREV) ...2.0261
CYTOLOGY OF VIRAL NEOPLASMS OF FISH ...3.0045
IMMUNODIAGNOSIS OF WHIRLING DISEASE (MYXOSOMA
CEREBRALIS) ...3.0103
SURVEYS FOR PANFISH CONTROL STUDIES ...4.0086
Micropterus Dolomieui
IMPOUNDMENT EFFECTS ON WATER QUALITY AS
REFLECTED IN PARASITISM OF RESERVOIR BASSES
...3.0018
Micropterus Salmoides
UPTAKE AND RELEASE OF DALAPON IN EARTHEN PONDS
...1.0114
EVALUATION OF GIZZARD SHAD AS A FORAGE FISH
...1.0356
AN EVALUATION OF TECHNIQUES TO MANAGE SMALL IM-
POUNDMENTS IN OHIO ...2.0227
EVALUATE FISH TOXICANTS (SUNSET LAKE SEGMENT)
...2.0229
MERIDIAN STATE PARK LAKE CRAPPIE REMOVAL EXPERI-
MENT ...2.0231
THE EFFICACY OF QUINALDINE SULFATE - MS-222 AS AN
ANESTHETIC FOR FISH IN THE LABORATORY WARM
SPRINGS ...2.0239
SELECTIVE REMOVAL OF VARIOUS FISH SPECIES WITH AN-
TIMYCIN ...2.0240
DEVELOPMENTS OF METHODS RELATED TO TESTING OF
FISH CONTROL AGENTS BIOCHEMICAL METHOD FOR
SEXING FISH ...2.0248
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF MCN-JR-7464 AS AN ANESTHETIC
FOR SELECTED SPECIES OF FISH (ABBREV) ...2.0261
IMPOUNDMENT EFFECTS ON WATER QUALITY AS
REFLECTED IN PARASITISM OF RESERVOIR BASSES
...3.0018
LIMNOLOGICAL, ICHTHYOLOGICAL, AND PARASITOLOGI-
CAL INVESTIGATIONS ON ARKANSAS RESERVOIRS IN
RELATION TO WATER QUALITY ...3.0019
A STUDY OF THE INTERACTION OF THREE SPECIES OF
BULLHEAD AND ASSOCIATED GAME FISH SPECIES IN A
SINGLE LAKE ...4.0079
Pomoxis Spp.
EVALUATE FISH TOXICANTS (SUNSET LAKE SEGMENT)
...2.0229
MERIDIAN STATE PARK LAKE CRAPPIE REMOVAL EXPERI-
MENT ...2.0231
Chondrichthyes
Selachii
STUDIES OF SHARK REPELLENTS AND OTHER ANTISHARK
MEASURES ...2.0191
Cichlidae
NERVE IMPULSE TRANSMISSION CHARACTERISTICS OF
ISOLATED FISH-NERVE PREPARATIONS PERFUSED WITH
PHYSIOLOGICAL LEVELS OF SELECTED PESTICIDES
...1.0271
THE FATE OF SELECT PESTICIDES IN THE AQUATIC EN-
VIRONMENT ...1.0330
AQUATIC WEED CONTROL BY POND FISHES ...2.0139
INVESTIGATIONS OF AMEBIASIS IN FISH ...3.0014
Clupidae
Alosa Spp.
FISHERY RESOURCES PROGRAM ...1.0317
MUCUS & FRESHWATER OSMOREGULATION IN
ANADROMOUS FISHES & RELATIONSHIPS TO MORTALI-
TIES IN THE ALEWIFE ...3.0106
Clupeidae -other
ACCUMULATION OF PESTICIDES IN MENHADEN ...1.0299
2-54
-------
SUBJECT INDEX
Fish
LAKE SUPERIOR COMMERCIAL FISHERIES ASSESSMENT
STUDIES ...2.0212
Dorosoma Spp.
EVALUATION OF GIZZARD SHAD AS A FORAGE FISH
...1.0356
HAUL SEINE STUDY ...2.0192
STRIPED BASS STUDIES ...2.0193
SPAWNING AND REARING OF MARINE FISH ...3.0110
GAME FISH REPRODUCTION AND ROUGH FISH PROBLEMS
IN ELEPHANT BUTTE LAKE ...4.0081
Cottidae
FISHERIES INVESTIGATIONS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO
MANAGEMENT OF ECONOMIC SPECIES ...4.0080
Cyprinidae
Carassius Auratus
METABOLISM OF ENDRIN IN PONDS ...1.0113
EFFECT OF ENDRIN ON EGG-SPERM FORMATION AND
EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT ...1.0229
EFFECTS ON THE SPERMIATION RESPONSE OF GOLDFISH
AFTER EXPOSURE TO SELECTED PESTICIDES ...1.0270
EFFECTS OF TOXICANTS UPON FISH MOVEMENT PAT-
TERNS ...1.0308
TIME-CONCENTRATION TESTS INVOLVING NEUTRALIZA-
TION OF ROTENONE WITH POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE
...2.0224
STATIC BIOASSAY OF TOXICANTS AGAINST FISH AND IN-
VERTEBRATES ...2.0255
CONTINUOUS FLOW BIOASSAY OF TOXICANTS AGAINST
FISH AND INVERTEBRATES ...2.0259
Cyprinidae -other
RELATIVE SUSCEPTIBILITIES OF FISH FAMILIES TO HERBI-
CIDES ...1.0280
SQUAWFISH CONTROL IN CASCADE RESERVOIR ...2.0195
SOUAWFISH STUDIES-ST. JOE RIVER, IDAHO ...2.0196
SURVIVAL AND GROWTH OF KOKANEE AND COHO SAL-
MON IN ANDERSON RANCH RESERVIOR ...2.0197
JO-MARY POND RECLAMATION ...2.0201
LAKE SUPERIOR COMMERCIAL FISHERIES ASSESSMENT
STUDIES ...2.0212
PISCICIDE TOXICOLOGY OF THE CYPRINIDS IN EAST AND
WEST PAULINA LAKES ...2.0228
LIFE HISTORY OF ST. JOE RIVER CUTTHROAT TROUT
...4.0077
FISHERIES INVESTIGATIONS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO
MANAGEMENT OF ECONOMIC SPECIES ...4.0080
REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY AND EARLY LIFE HISTORY OF
CYPRINIDS IN EAST AND PAULINA LAKES ...4.0083
Cyprinus Carpio
PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN KANSAS STREAMS ...1.0150
THE USE OF NUTRIA, WATER BOWL AND GRASS CARP FOR
THE CONTROL OF SUBMERGENT PLANTS ...2.0130
EXPERIMENTAL INTRODUCTION OF EXOTIC FRESHWATER
FISHES ...2.0131
AQUATIC WEED CONTROL BY POND FISHES ...2.0139
THE USE OF PHEROMONES BY CARP, CYPRINUS CARPIO-
RESEARCH ...2.0217
TIME-CONCENTRATION TESTS INVOLVING NEUTRALIZA-
TION OF ROTENONE WITH POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE
...2.0224
AN EVALUATION OF TECHNIQUES TO MANAGE SMALL IM-
POUNDMENTS IN OHIO ...2.0227
EVALUATE FISH TOXICANTS (SUNSET LAKE SEGMENT)
...2.0229
THE EFFICACY OF QUINALDINE SULFATE - MS-222 AS AN
ANESTHETIC FOR FISH IN THE LABORATORY WARM
SPRINGS ...2.0239
THE EFFICACY OF MONSANTO NO. 51294 AS A FISH TOXI-
CANT (LABORATORY) ...2.0243
METABOLISM AND EXCRETION OF TFM ...2.0251
THE EFFECTS OF TFM ON THE BLOOD CHEMISTRY OF
FISHES ...2.0252
THE EFFECTS OF THANITE ON THE ACID-BASE BALANCE
IN THE BLOOD OF FISHES ...2.0254
STATIC BIOASSAY OF TOXICANTS AGAINST FISH AND IN-
VERTEBRATES ...2.0255
CONTINUOUS FLOW BIOASSAY OF TOXICANTS AGAINST
FISH AND INVERTEBRATES ...2.0259
GAME FISH REPRODUCTION AND ROUGH FISH PROBLEMS
IN ELEPHANT BUTTE LAKE ...4.0081
Minnows
STREAM STUDIES TO DETERMINE TOXIC EFFECTS OF
METHOXYCHLOR IN FISH POPULATIONS ...1.0263
LABORATORY BIOASSAYS TO DETERMINE TOXIC EFFECS
OF METHOXYCHLOR IN FISH ...1.0264
EARLY SQUAMATION OF BLUEGILL (LEPOMIS
MACROCHIRUS) AND FATHEAD MINNOWS (PIMEPHALES
PROMELAS) EXPOSED TO AROCLORS ...1.0286
STUDY OF CHRONIC TOXICITY OF LINDANE TO SELECTED
FRESHWATER FISHES AND FOOD CHAIN ORGANISMS
...1.0337
STUDY OF CHRONIC TOXICITY OF PARATHION TO
SELECTED FRESHWATER FISHES AND FOOD CHAIN OR-
GANISMS ...1.0357
EXPERIMENTAL ESTABLISHMENT OF MONOSPECIFIC WAL-
LEYE POPULATIONS AS A MANAGEMENT MEASURE FOR
SMALL WARMWATER LAKES IN NORTHERN MINNESOTA
...2.0214
REFINEMENT OF MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES FOR
STREAM TROUT LAKES ...3.0035
EXPERIMENTAL CONTROL OF NEASCUS IN SMALL TROUT
LAKES ...3.0036
Notropls Spp.
DETERMINATION OF DIGESTION RATES FOR TROUT
...1.0346
EVALUATION OF GIZZARD SHAD AS A FORAGE FISH
...1.0356
TRANSMISSION OF AN OVARY PARASITE OF THE GOLDEN
SHINER ...3.0038
Cyprinodontidae
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN SUB-LETHAL PESTICIDES AND
REPRODUCTION AND BEHAVIOR OF FISHES ...1.0245
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF MOSQUITOES IN CENTRAL AND
NORTHERN CALIFORNIA ...2.0006
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF MIDGES, GNATS AND
MOSQUITOES ...2.0014
INSECTICIDE AND NON-CHEMICAL CONTROL OF
MOSQUITOES ...2.0025
AQUATIC PLANT CONTROL BY HERBIVOROUS AMUR FISH
...2.0092
EXPERIMENTAL CONTROL OF NEASCUS IN SMALL TROUT
LAKES ...3.0036
Embiotocidae
EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON ESTUARINE ORGANISMS
...1.0304
EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON ESTUARINE ORGANISMS
...1.0305
MARINE FISHERIES SYMBIOSIS AND PARASITISM
RESEARCH ...3.0055
Esocidae
DETERMINATION OF DIGESTION RATES FOR TROUT
...1.0346
THE EFFECTS OF TFM ON THE BLOOD CHEMISTRY OF
FISHES ...2.0252
WALLEYE AND NORTHERN PIKE STUDY ...3.0072
A STUDY OF THE INTERACTION OF THREE SPECIES OF
BULLHEAD AND ASSOCIATED GAME FISH SPECIES IN A
SINGLE LAKE ...4.0079
GAME FISH REPRODUCTION AND ROUGH FISH PROBLEMS
IN ELEPHANT BUTTE LAKE ...4.0081
NORTHERN PIKE LIFE HISTORY STUDY ...4.0084
Fish -nonspecific
RESIDUES OF SELECTED PESTICIDES IN PLANTS, ANIMALS,
AND THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT ...1.0019
REDUCTION OF HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH RESIDUES OF
INSECTICIDAL CHEMICALS IN THE ENVIRONMENT
...1.0037
2-55
-------
Fish
SUBJECT INDEX
RELATIONSHIP OF PESTICIDES IN SOIL, WATER AND
PLANTS ...1.0057
DEVELOPMENT OF ON-SITE BIOASSAY METHODS ...1.0108
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN PESTICIDES AND GEORGIA
FARM POND ECOSYSTEMS ...J.0138
A STUDY PROGRAM TO IDENTIFY PROBLEMS RELATED TO
OCEANIC ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY NORTH ATLAN-
TIC ...1.0140
PESTICIDE MONITORING PROGRAM LAKE MICHIGAN
...1.0143
GREAT LAKES PESTICIDE MONITORING PROGRAM, INDI-
ANA ...1.0147
GEOGRAPHIC ATLAS OF PESTICIDE OCCURRENCE IN THE
BARATARIA BAY-MISSISSIPPI DELTA ...1.0152
A STUDY PROGRAM TO IDENTIFY PROBLEMS RELATED TO
OCEANIC ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY NORTH ATLAN-
TIC ..1.0158
MONITORING OF PESTICIDE LEVELS IN THE GREAT LAKES
...1.0160
PESTICIDES INPUTS AND LEVELS IN MINNESOTA WATERS
OF LAKE SUPERIOR BASIN 1.0166
CHEMICAL, PHYSICAL, AND BIOLOGICAL DYNAMICS OF
NORTHERN PRAIRIE LAKES ...1.0205
OCCURRENCE OF PESTICIDES IN AQUATIC ENVIRON-
MENTS ..1.0219
EFFECT OF HERBICIDES ON AN AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT
1.0228
EFFECT OF ENDRIN ON FISH AND THEIR ENVIRONMENT
UNDER CONTROLLED CONDITIONS ...1.0230
PESTICIDES RESEARCH ..1.0232
THE OCCURRENCE OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN THE LOWER
BRISBANE RIVER AND IN THE TISSUES OF ESTUARINE
ANIMALS ...1.0233
EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON AQUATIC ANIMALS IN THE
ESTUARINE AND MARINE ENVIRONMENTS ...1.0234
CURRENT FISH AND WILDLIFE PESTICIDE PROBLEMS
...1.0235
RESEARCH STUDY ON THE EFFECTS OF POLLUTION ON
SUB-TROPICAL FISH AND CRUSTACEANS ...1.0237
PESTICIDE MONITORING PROGRAM ...1.0238
BEHAVIOR OF ESTUARINE ANIMALS ...1.0240
LABORATORY BIOASSAYS ...1.0241
FACTORS AFFECTING PESTICIDE TOXICITY ...1.0255
A TISSUE ENZYME ASSAY FOR CHLORINATED HYDROCAR-
BON INSECTICIDES ...1.0265
CHARACTERIZATION OF ESTERASE(S) PRESENT IN FISH
BLOOD ...1.0276
SCREENING OF PESTICIDES AGAINST FISH AT COLUMBIA
MISSOURI ...1.0277
THE INFLUENCES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS ON
THE TOXICITY OF PESTICIDES ...1.0278
CHRONIC EFFECTS OF DURSBAN ON WARM-WATER FISH
...1.0282
CHRONIC TOXICITY OF PESTICIDES TO FRESHWATER
FISHES ...1.0285
PESTICIDE EFFECTS ON NITROGEN METABOLISM IN
TELEOSTS ..1.0289
PESTICIDE EFFECTS ON NITROGEN METABOLISM IN
TELEOSTS ...1.0290
PESTICIDE EFFECTS ON FISH ENDOCRINE FUNCTIONS
...1.0291
THE FATE AND EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES IN THE AQUATIC
ENVIRONMENT OF THE FLATHEAD LAKE DRAINAGE
AREA ...1.0297
TOXICITY OF SELECTED METALS TO CONDITIONED FISH
...1.0302
PESTICIDE TOXICITY TO MARINE FISH AND INVER-
TEBRATES ...1.0307
INHIBITORY EFFECT OF DDT IN ATPASE ASSAY MIXTURES
...1.0309
EFFECT OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES ON GAME FISH POPULA-
TIONS ...1.0310
RESIDUES OF THAWTE IN FISH MUSCLE ...1.0314
RESIDUES OF TFM IN FISH-LA CROSSE ...1.0315
STATIC BIOASSAY OF TRACERS AND DYES AGAINST FISH
AND INVERTEBRATES ...1.0316
EFFECT OF HERBICIDES ON AN AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT
REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF FISH-EATING BIRDS IN
NORTHERN CALIFORNIA ...1.0320
PESTICIDES AND WILDLIFE ...1.0324
ECOLOGICAL STUDIES OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT PRAC-
TICES ...1.0327
FATE OF AQUATIC HERBICIDES IN THE AQUATIC EN-
VIRONMENT ...1.0329
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS OF PESTICIDE USAGE
...1.0334
ECOLOGY OF PESTICIDES IN AN AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM
..1.0339
BIOCHEMICAL ECOLOGICAL RELATIONSHIPS OF PESTI-
CIDES AND THE BIO-CONSTITUENTS OF AQUATIC COM-
MUNITIES ...1.0342
IN VITRO POTENCY OF SEVERAL ANTICHOLINESTERASE
AGENTS WITH SELECTED MEMBERS OF THE AQUATIC
ENVIRONMENT ...1.0348
INTERACTION BETWEEN MICROORGANISMS AND PESTI-
CIDES ...1.0351
PREVENTION OF PESTICIDE POLLUTION FROM COASTAL
INSECT CONTROL PROGRAMS ...1.0358
CHEMICAL BIOCIDES IN LAKES ...1.0364
STUDY ON THE EFFECTS OF FISH TOXICANTS ANTIMYCIN
A AND ROTENONE ON POND COMMUNITIES ...1.0366
INSECTICIDES AND EGG-SHELL DEPOSITION ...1.0368
CHEMICAL CONTROL OF WEEDS IN PONDS ...2.0093
CONTROL OF WEEDS AND CERTAIN OTHER AQUATIC
PESTS IN THE PACIFIC SOUTHWEST ...2.0101
AQUATIC PLANT CONTROL ...2.0128
EUTROPHICATION BIOLOGICAL CONTROL USING
GRAZERS ...2.0170
EXPERIMENTAL USE OF PESTICIDES FOR FISHERIES
MANAGEMENT PURPOSES ...2.0189
BIOLOGICAL AND LIMNOLOGICAL INVENTORY OF SEVEN
FLOOD CONTROL RESERVOIRS IN THE STATE OF INDI-
ANA ...2.0199
NEUTRALIZATION OF ROTENONE WITH ACTIVATED CHAR-
COAL ...2.0225
FISH TOXICANT STUDIES ...2.0232
RESIDUES OF MS-222 IN FISH ...2.0236
U.V. SPECTROPHOTOMETRY FOR THE IDENTIFICATION
AND ESTIMATION OF QUINALDINE RESIDUE ...2.0237
THE DEVELOPMENT OF ANALYTICAL METHODS CAPABLE
OF MEASURING TFM RESIDUES IN FISH, WATER, AND
OTHER COMPLEX SUBSTRATES ...2.0238
THE EFFICACY OF THANITE (ISOBORNYL THIO-
CYANOACETATE) AS A FISH COLLECTION AID ...2.0242
THE EFFICACY AND PERSISTENCE OF FORMULATIONS OF
ANTIMYCIN ...2.0244
DEVELOPMENT OF RHODAMINE-B DYE TO TRACE FLOW
AND DISPERSION PATTERNS IN STREAMS AS AN AD-
JUNCT TO TREATING STREAMS WITH FISH-CONTROL
CHEMICALS ...2.0245
THE EFFICACY OF NEW FORMULATIONS OF ANTIMYCIN IN
NATURAL LAKES AND STREAMS ...2.0246
ESTABLISH MINIMUM DOSES OF ANTIMYCIN AND
ROTENONE NEEDED FOR TOTAL KILLS OF TARGET
FISHES ...2.0247
THE EFFECTS OF THANITE ON THE INORGANIC BLOOD
CHEMISTRIES OF FISHES ...2.0253
STATIC BIOASSAY OF REPRODUCTIVE CONTROLS AGAINST
FISH AND INVERTEBRATES ...2.0256
STATIC BIOASSAY OF COLLECTING AIDS AGAINST FISH
...2.0257
STATIC BIOASSAY OF ATTRACTANTS AND REPELLANTS
AGAINST FISH AND INVERTEBRATES ...2.0258
IDENTIFICATION OF PARASITIC BACTERIAL FORMS
...3.0002
INVESTIGATE CONTROL MEASURES OF BACTERIAL INFEC-
TIONS IN FISH ...3.0003
DEVELOPMENT OF NEW FISH CELL LINES . .3.0008
DISTRIBUTION OF THE GENUS ERGASILUS (PARASITIC
COPEPOD) IN THE SOUTHEASTERN UNITED STATES
...3.0011
COOPERATIVE FISH DISEASE PROJECT ...3.0012
COOPERATIVE FISH PARASITE AND DISEASE STUDY
...3.0015
PUBLICATION OF FISH BACTERIAL RESEARCH ...3.0016
2-56
-------
SUBJECT INDEX
Fish
PUBLICATION OF FISH VIRUS RESEARCH ...3.0017
STUDY OF THE INCIDENCE AND LIFE CYCLES OF MYX-
OSPORIDIAL INFECTIONS IN WARM WATER FISHES
(REVISED) ...3.0020
EP1ZOOT1OLOGY OF LEPTOSPIRES - FISH SUSCEPTIBILITY
TO L. ICTEROHAEMORRHIGICA (ABBREV) ...3.0023
DISEASES OF FISH ...3.0025
PATHOLOGY RESEARCH ...3.0027
ENVIRONMENTAL STUDY ...3.0030
IDENTIFICATION OF PARASITES AND DISEASES EFFECTING
MARICULTURE SPECIES . .3.0037
ETIOLOGY OF ESTUARINE FISH DISEASES ...3.0040
PARASITES OF FRESH-WATER FISHES IN NORTH CAROLINA
...3.0047
RESEARCH VESSEL OPERATIONS ...3.0048
TRANSMISSION OF CERATOMYXA SHASTA ...3.0058
VIRAL DISEASES OF MARINE FISHES ...3.0061
MARINE FISH-CULTURE PATHOLOGY ...3.0070
ISOLATION OF VIRUSES FROM FISHES - INVESTIGATION OF
FISH EPIZOOTICS OF UNKNOWN ETIOLOGY FOR POSSI-
BLE VIRUS INVOLVEMENT ...3.0084
CYTOPATHOGENIC EFFECT OF TOXIN ON TISSUE ...3.0086
CYTOPATHOGENIC EFFECT OF TOXIN IN FISH ...3.0087
CORRELATE NITROGEN GAS CONTENT OF WATER SUP-
PLIES WITH DISEASE ...3.0088
BACTERIOLOGICAL AND SEROLOGICAL STUDIES ON
MOTILE AEROMONADS AND PSEUDOMONADS FRESHLY
ISOLATED FROM DISEASED FISHES ...3.0096
DEVELOPMENT OF METHODS FOR RAPID IDENTIFICATION
OF BACTERIAL FISH PATHOGENS ...3.0097
PARASITOLOGY PARASITES AND PARASITIC DISEASES OF
FISHES IMMUNIZATION STUDY FOR
1CHTHYOPHTHIRIUS ...3.0100
ISOLATION AND FURTHER DESCRIPTION OF THE SPORES
OF MYXOSOMA CEREBRALIS ...3.0101
DIAGNOSIS OF DISEASES IN FISH ...3.0107
IN VIVO CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC STUDIES ON FISH
PATHOGENIC BACTERIA ...3.0121
CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC STUDIES ON FISH PATHOGENIC BAC-
TERIA ...3.0123
CHEMOTHERAPY OF FISH DISEASES ...3.0127
PARASITES AND PARASITIC DISEASES OF FISHES STUDY
OF NEW METHODS FOR CONTROL OF ICHTHYOPHT
...3.0128
TRANSMISSION OF MICROSPORIDA ...3.0131
DIAGNOSIS OF DISEASES IN WILDLIFE ...3.0134
EUTROPH1CAT1ON OF SHELTERED BAYS IN A LARGE LAKE
...4.0029
INTER-DISCIPLINARY RESEARCH IN THE AREA OF THE
KANO PLAINS, WESTERN KENYA ...4.0059
ECOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF THE DEVELOPMENT AND
FEEDING HABITS OF SIMULIUM SPP. (BLACK FLIES)
...4.0069
POST-IMPROVEMENT LIMNOLOGICAL-ANALYSES AND
FISH-POPULATION EVALUATIONS OF CERTAIN STRIP-
MINE LAKES IN SOUTHEAST KANSAS ...4.0078
LAKE ONTARIO INTERIM COMPREHENSIVE FISHERIES
MANAGEMENT PLAN ...4.0082
Ictaluridae
Bullheads
SMALL IMPOUNDMENT STOCKING ...2.0190
TIME-CONCENTRATION TESTS INVOLVING NEUTRALIZA-
TION OF ROTENONE WITH POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE
...2.0224
AN EVALUATION OF TECHNIQUES TO MANAGE SMALL IM-
POUNDMENTS IN OHIO ...2.0227
EVALUATE FISH TOXICANTS (SUNSET LAKE SEGMENT)
...2.0229
THE EFFICACY OF MONSANTO NO. 51294 AS A FISH TOXI-
CANT (LABORATORY) ...2.0243
STATIC BIOASSAY OF TOXICANTS AGAINST FISH AND IN-
VERTEBRATES ...2.0255
CONTINUOUS FLOW BIOASSAY OF TOXICANTS AGAINST
FISH AND INVERTEBRATES ...2.0259
THE EFFECTS OF ANTIMYCIN A ON THE METABOLISM OF
SELECTED TISSUES IN FISH (ABBREV) ...2.0262
CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION OF BIOLOGICALLY IMPOR-
TANT NATURAL PRODUCTS ...2.0265
SUSCEPTIBILITY OF OTHER SPECIES OF CATFISHES TO CCV
AND THEIR POSSIBLE ROLE AS CARRIERS ...3.0007
A STUDY OF THE INTERACTION OF THREE SPECIES OF
BULLHEAD AND ASSOCIATED GAME FISH SPECIES IN A
SINGLE LAKE ...4.0079
Ictaluridae -other
METABOLISM OF ENDRIN IN PONDS ...1.0113
NERVE IMPULSE TRANSMISSION CHARACTERISTICS OF
ISOLATED FISH-NERVE PREPARATIONS PERFUSED WITH
PHYSIOLOGICAL LEVELS OF SELECTED PESTICIDES
...1.0271
THE SUSCEPTIBILFTY OF VARIOUS LIFE STAGES OF FRESH-
WATER FISHES TO THREE TOXICANTS ...1.0279
RELATIVE SUSCEPTIBILITIES OF FISH FAMILIES TO HERBI-
CIDES ...1.0280
THE EFFECT OF DIELDRIN ON SURVIVAL AND DEVELOP-
MENT OF FISH EGGS ...1.0300
AN EVALUATION OF TECHNIQUES TO MANAGE SMALL IM-
POUNDMENTS IN OHIO ...2.0227
EVALUATE FISH TOXICANTS (SUNSET LAKE SEGMENT)
...2.0229
U.V. SPECTROPHOTOMETRY FOR THE IDENTIFICATION
AND ESTIMATION OF QUINALDINE RESIDUE ...2.0237
INTENSIVE SCREENING OF POTENTIAL FISH CONTROL
AGENTS - POTENTIATION OF ANTIMYCIN ...2.0241
CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION OF BIOLOGICALLY IMPOR-
TANT NATURAL PRODUCTS ...2.0265
SUSCEPTIBILITY OF OTHER SPECIES OF CATFISHES TO CCV
AND THEIR POSSIBLE ROLE AS CARRIERS ...3.0007
Ictalurus Punctatus
UPTAKE AND RELEASE OF DALAPON IN EARTHEN PONDS
...1.0114
PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN KANSAS STREAMS ...1.0150
EFFECT OF ENDRIN ON EGG-SPERM FORMATION AND
EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT ...1.0229
PRELIMINARY STUDIES ON ENDRIN AND OTHER PESTICIDE
UPTAKES BY FINGERLING CHANNEL CATFISH ...1.0231
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL FACTORS AFFECTING FISH
...1.0246
CONTAMINATION OF CHANNEL CATFISH WITH DIELDRIN
FROM AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF ...1.0247
THE UPTAKE OF AND BIOLOGICAL RESPONSES TO
AROCLORS IN CHANNEL CATFISH ...1.0267
THYROIDAL 1125 UPTAKE IN IMMATURE CHANNEL CAT-
FISH FOLLOWING EXPOSURE TO SELECTED TOXICANTS
...1.0272
COMPARISON OF METHODS USED TO MEASURE ESTERASE
ACTIVITY. INTERACTIONS BETWEEN PESTICIDES ON
FISH ENZYME SYSTEMS ...1.0274
EFFECTS OF PARATHION AND MALATHION ON WARM-
WATER FISH PONDS ...1.0283
UPTAKE, PERSISTENCE AND METABOLITES OF SEV1N BY
CHANNEL CATFISH ..1.0284
CHRONIC TOXICITY OF PESTICIDES TO FISH ...1.0287
UPTAKE AND METABOLISM BY FISH OF 2,4-D DIMETHYL
AMINE SALT ...1.0293
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE USE OF AGRICUL-
TURAL CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS AND THEIR
RESIDUES IN CHANNEL CATFISH ...1.0298
THE EFFECT OF DIELDRIN ON SURVIVAL AND DEVELOP-
MENT OF FISH EGGS ...1.0300
MERIDIAN STATE PARK LAKE CRAPPIE REMOVAL EXPERI-
MENT ...2.0231
THE EFFICACY OF QUINALDINE SULFATE MS-222 AS AN
ANESTHETIC FOR FISH IN THE LABORATORY WARM
SPRINGS ...2.0239
EFFECTS OF FISH CONTROL ACTS ON BLOOD CHEM & HE-
MATOPOIETIC TISSUE OF FISH. EFFECTS OF ANTIMYCIN
A. ON ACID-BASE BALANCE IN BLOOD OF FISH ...2.0260
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF MCN-JR-7464 AS AN ANESTHETIC
FOR SELECTED SPECIES OF FISH (ABBREV) ...2.0261
DETECTION OF CHANNEL CATFISH VIRUS (CCV) IN
BROODSTOCK ...3.0004
METHOD OF CONTROLLING MORTALITY IN CHANNEL
CATFISH DUE TO CCV INFECTION ...3.0005
2-57
-------
Fish
SUBJECT INDEX
EVALUATION OF THE INFLUENCE OF AGE AND SIZE OF
CHANNEL CATFISH ON THE INFECTIVITY OF CCV
...3.0006
CHANNEL CATFISH VIRUS REPLICATION CURVES IN IN-
TERNAL ORGANS AND ASSOCIATED PATHOLOGY
...3.0010
PATHOLOGY OF AEROMONAS LIQUIFACIENS IN CHANNEL
CATFISH ...3.0013
INVESTIGATIONS OF AMEBIASIS IN FISH ...3.0014
COOPERATIVE FISH PARASITE AND DISEASE STUDY
...3.0015
PARASITES OF WARMWATER FISHES AND THEIR CONTROL
...3.0108
CONTROL OF MYXOSPORIDIAN PARASITES ...3.0109
Lepisosteidae
DEVELOPMENTS OF METHODS RELATED TO TESTING OF
FISH CONTROL AGENTS BIOCHEMICAL METHOD FOR
SEXING FISH ...2.0248
Osmeridae
MUCUS & FRESHWATER OSMOREGULATION IN
ANADROMOUS FISHES & RELATIONSHIPS TO MORTALI-
TIES IN THE ALEWIFE ...3.0106
Osteichthyes -other
EFFECTS OF TOXICANTS UPON FISH MOVEMENT PAT-
TERNS ...1.0308
SPAWNING AND REARING OF MARINE FISH ...3.0110
Percidae
Perca Flavescens
STREAM STUDIES TO DETERMINE TOXIC EFFECTS OF
METHOXYCHLOR IN FISH POPULATIONS ...1.0263
LABORATORY BIOASSAYS TO DETERMINE TOXIC EFFECS
OF METHOXYCHLOR IN FISH ...1.0264
STATIC BIOASSAY OF TOXICANTS AGAINST FISH AND IN-
VERTEBRATES ...2.0255
CONTINUOUS FLOW BIOASSAY OF TOXICANTS AGAINST
FISH AND INVERTEBRATES ...2.0259
Percidae -other
RELATIVE SUSCEPTIBILITIES OF FISH FAMILIES TO HERBI-
CIDES ...1.0280
EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON ESTUARINE ORGANISMS
...1.0304
EVALUATE FISH TOXICANTS (SUNSET LAKE SEGMENT)
...2.0229
SELECTIVE REMOVAL OF VARIOUS FISH SPECIES WITH AN-
TIMYCIN ...2.0240
SURVEYS FOR PANFISH CONTROL STUDIES ...4.0086
Stizostedion Canadense
CYTOLOGY OF VIRAL NEOPLASMS OF FISH ...3.0045
Stizostedion Vitreum Vitreum
THE EFFECT OF D1ELDRIN ON SURVIVAL AND DEVELOP-
MENT OF FISH EGGS ...1.0300
EVALUATION OF POND CONDITIONS FOLLOWING FER-
TILIZATION ...2.0153
EXPERIMENTAL ESTABLISHMENT OF MONOSPECIFIC WAL-
LEYE POPULATIONS AS A MANAGEMENT MEASURE FOR
SMALL WARMWATER LAKES IN NORTHERN MINNESOTA
...2.0214
THE INTERACTION OF THE WALLEYE AND WHITE SUCKER
IN THE FISH POPULATION OF SOFT WATER LAKE IN
NORTHEASTERN MINNESOTA ...2.0215
EXPERIMENTATION WITH FINTROL AS A FISH TOXICANT
IN DEEP SOFTWATER LAKES ...2.0216
CYTOLOGY OF VIRAL NEOPLASMS OF FISH ...3.0045
WALLEYE AND NORTHERN PIKE STUDY ...3.0072
A STUDY OF THE INTERACTION OF THREE SPECIES OF
BULLHEAD AND ASSOCIATED GAME FISH SPECIES IN A
SINGLE LAKE ...4.0079
GAME FISH REPRODUCTION AND ROUGH FISH PROBLEMS
IN ELEPHANT BUTTE LAKE ...4.0081
WALLEYE LIFE HISTORY STUDY ...4.0085
Pleuronectidae
THE EFFECTS OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES ON LARVAL AND
JUVENILE WINTER FLOUNDER IN THE WEWEANTIC
RIVER ESTUARY, MASSACHUSETTS ...1.02S3
PESTICIDE RESIDUE EFFECTS ON LARVAL MARINE FISHES
...1.0254
EPIDERMAL PAPILLOMAS ...3.0021
MARINE FISHERIES - SYMBIOSIS AND PARASITISM -
RESEARCH ...3.005S
Poeciliid
EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE IN
THE MOSQUITOFISH, GAMBUSIA AFFINIS ...1.0249
SCREENING PESTICIDES FOR TERATOGENIC EFFECTS ON
GAMBUSIA CHRONIC TOXICITY OF PESTICIDES TO
FRESHWATER FISHES ...1.0268
THE FATE OF SELECT PESTICIDES IN THE AQUATIC EN-
VIRONMENT ...1.0330
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF MOSQUITOES IN IRRIGATED
AND WATER MANAGEMENT AREAS ...2.0011
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF MIDGES, GNATS AND
MOSQUITOES ...2.0014
EFFECT OF PREDATORS AND PARASITES ON MOSQUITO
BREEDING IN LOUISIANA ...2.0045
Sahnonidae
Oncorhynchus -other
INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF SALMON1D FISHES ...3.0049
Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha
AQUICULTURE, SALMON CULTURE - RESEARCH ...3.0053
Oncorhynchus Keta
EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON ESTUARINE ORGANISMS
...1.0304
AQUICULTURE, SALMON CULTURE - RESEARCH ...3.0053
Oncorhynchus Kisutch
PESTICIDE MONITORING OF AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT,
MICHIGAN PORTION OF THE GREAT LAKES BASIN
...1.0163
RATES OF PESTICIDE BUILDUP IN SALMONIDS RECENTLY
INTRODUCED IN THE GREAT LAKES ...1.0256
QUALITY FACTORS OF LAKE MICHIGAN COHO SALMON
FLESH ...1.0259
BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN
FISH ...1.0261
MAGNITUDE AND NATURE OF POLYCHLORINATED
BIPHENYLS IN COHO SALMON ...1.0262
PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN OR ON RAW AGRICULTURAL COM-
MODITIES ...1.0306
FISHERY RESOURCES PROGRAM ...1.0317
PHARMACOLOGICAL AND ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF
PESTICIDES ...1.0362
INVENTORY OF WATERS OF THE PROJECT AREA ...3.0039
EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION ON FISH DIS-
EASES - EFFECT OF HEAT STRESS ON DISEASE RE-
SISTANCE MECHANISMS IN SALMONID FISHES ...3.0089
ORAL IMMUNIZATION OF HATCHERY-REARED SALMONIDS
- FURUNCULOSIS IN COHO SALMON ...3.0122
BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES IN FISH DISEASES - THE STRESS
OF FORMALIN TREATMENTS IN SALMONID FISHES
...3.0124
EFFICACY OF A POTENTIATED SULFONAMIDE AGAINST
FURUNCULOSIS INFECTIONS IN JUVENILE RAINBOW
TROUT AND COHO SALMON ...3.0125
Oncorhynchus Nerka
SURVIVAL AND GROWTH OF KOKANEE AND COHO SAL-
MON IN ANDERSON RANCH RESERVIOR ...2.0197
HISTOPATHOGENESIS OF KIDNEY DISEASE ...3.0091
HISTOPATHOLOGY OF SALMONID FISHES
HISTOPATHOGENESIS OF CULTUS LAKE VIRUS DISEASE
...3.0092
HISTOPATHOLOGY OF SALMONID FISHES: DIAGNOSIS
...3.0095
RELATIONSHIP OF TEMPERATURE TO DISEASES OF SAL-
MONID FISH ...3.0116
2-58
-------
SUBJECT INDEX
Fish
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha
INVESTIGATION OF STRESS-INDUCED MOBILIZATION OF
INSECTICIDE RESIDUES - CHRONIC TOXICITY OF PESTI-
CIDES TO FISH ...1.0281
AQUICULTURE, SALMON CULTURE - RESEARCH ...3.0053
EXPERIMENTAL REARING OF SALMON AND STEELHEAD
IN BRACKISH WATER IMPOUNDMENTS ...3.0119
Prosopium
FISHERIES INVESTIGATIONS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO
MANAGEMENT OF ECONOMIC SPECIES ...4.0080
Salmo -other
EXPERIMENTAL RESTORATION OF THE GILA TROUT
...2.0218
Salmo Clarki
SERUM ANALYSIS OF CUTTHROAT TROUT EXPOSED
CHRONICALLY TO METHOXYCHLOR PESTICIDE EFFECTS
ON FISH ENDOCRINE FUNCTIONS ...1.0273
COMPARISON OF METHODS USED TO MEASURE ESTERASE
ACTIVITY. INTERACTIONS BETWEEN PESTICIDES ON
FISH ENZYME SYSTEMS ...1.0274
METHOXYCHLOR-CAUSED EFFECTS ON CUTTHROAT
TROUT PHYSIOLOGY - CHRONIC TOXICITY OF INSECTI-
CIDES TO COLD-WATER FISH ...1.0296
SOUAWFISH STUDIES-ST. JOE RIVER, IDAHO ...2.0196
HISTOPATHOLOGY OF LAHONTAN CUTTHROAT TROUT
3.0080
THE TOXICITY AND DRUG RESIDUE LEVEL OF
CHLORAMPHENICOL IN TREATED RAINBOW TROUT
...3.0133
LIFE HISTORY OF ST. JOE RIVER CUTTHROAT TROUT
...4.0077
FISHERIES INVESTIGATIONS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO
MANAGEMENT OF ECONOMIC SPECIES ...4.0080
Salmo Gairdneri
PESTICIDE EFFECTS ON FISH ENDOCRINE FUNCTIONS
...1.0269
CHRONIC TOXICITY OF PESTICIDES TO FISH ...1.0287
PESTICIDE EFFECTS ON FISH ENDOCRINE FUNCTIONS
...1.0288
UPTAKE AND METABOLISM BY FISH OF 2,4-D DIMETHYL
AMINE SALT ...1.0293
EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION ON FISH DIS-
EASES ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES AND DISEASE
RESISTANCE MECHANISMS OF RAINBOW TROUT ...1.0312
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF MOSQUITOES IN CENTRAL AND
NORTHERN CALIFORNIA ...2.0006
EXPERIMENTAL INTRODUCTION OF EXOTIC FRESHWATER
FISHES ...2.0131
SOUAWFISH STUDIES-ST. JOE RIVER, IDAHO ...2.0196
BIOASSAY ...2.0211
RELATION OF LAMPREY EELS TO EXISTING SALMONID
STOCKS IN CAYUGA LAKE ...2.0219
PLANNING FOR CREATION OF SALMONID FISHERIES IN
LAKE ONTARIO ...2.0221
PRE-LAMPREY CONTROL INVENTORY OF FISH STOCKS
...2.0222
EFFECT OF ANESTHESIA ON THE BLOOD CHEMISTRY OF
FISHES ...2.0234
ROUTE(S) OF EXCRETION OF QUINALDINE SULFATE, A
FISH ANESTHETIC ...2.0249
IN VIVO AND IN VITRO STUDIES ON THE MODE OF ACTION
OF TFM ...2.0250
METABOLISM AND EXCRETION OF TFM ...2.0251
THE EFFECTS OF TFM ON THE BLOOD CHEMISTRY OF
FISHES ...2.0252
THE EFFECTS OF THANITE ON THE ACID-BASE BALANCE
IN THE BLOOD OF FISHES ...2.0254
STATIC BIOASSAY OF TOXICANTS AGAINST FISH AND IN-
VERTEBRATES ...2.0255
CONTINUOUS FLOW BIOASSAY OF TOXICANTS AGAINST
FISH AND INVERTEBRATES ...2.0259
EFFECTS OF FISH CONTROL ACTS ON BLOOD CHEM & HE-
MATOPOIETIC TISSUE OF FISH. EFFECTS OF ANTIMYCIN
A. ON ACID-BASE BALANCE IN BLOOD OF FISH ...2.0260
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF MCN-JR-7464 AS AN ANESTHETIC
FOR SELECTED SPECIES OF FISH (ABBREV) ...2.0261
THE EFFECTS OF ANTIMYCIN A ON THE METABOLISM OF
SELECTED TISSUES IN FISH (ABBREV) ...2.0262
COOPERATIVE FISH DISEASE PROJECT ...3.0009
REFINEMENT OF MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES FOR
STREAM TROUT LAKES ...3.0035
EXPERIMENTAL CONTROL OF NEASCUS IN SMALL TROUT
LAKES ...3.0036
MYCOTOXIN TOXICITY AND CARCINOGENESIS IN TROUT
...3.0056
IMPROVEMENT OF SALMON AND STEELHEAD TROUT
HATCHERY TECHNIQUES ...3.0059
THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENTLY EXTRACTED ENDOTOXINS
FROM ESCHERICHIA COLI ON RAINBOW TROUT (SALMO
GAIRDNERI) ...3.0071
HISTOPATHOLOGY OF LIVERS OF RAINBOW TROUT FED
RANCID PELLETS CONTAINING AFLATOXIN ...3.0081
ORAL IMMUNIZATION OF HATCHERY-REARED SALMONIDS
- RED MOUTH COMPARATIVE VACCINE STUDY ...3.0085
EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION ON FISH DIS-
EASES EFFECT OF HEAT STRESS ON DISEASE RE-
SISTANCE MECHANISMS IN SALMONID FISHES ...3.0089
HISTOPATHOLOGY OF SALMONID FISHES BACTERIAL
RED-MOUTH DISEASE HISTOPATHOGENESIS OF RAIN-
BOW TROUT (SALMON GAIRDNERI) ...3.0093
HISTOPATHOLOGY OF SALMONID FISHES: DIAGNOSIS
...3.0095
LONGEVITY OF SPORES OF 'MYOXOSOMA CEREBRALIS'
(WHIRLING DISEASE) ...3.0102
VERTEBRATE DISEASES VIRAL DISEASES OF FRESH-
WATER FISHES AND OTHER LOWER VERTEBRATES
EGTVED VIRUS ...3.0104
POSSIBLE BIRD TRANSMISSION OF 'MYXOSOMA
CEREBRALIS1 ...3.0105
EXPERIMENTAL REARING OF SALMON AND STEELHEAD
IN BRACKISH WATER IMPOUNDMENTS ...3.0119
BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES IN FISH DISEASES THE STRESS
OF FORMALIN TREATMENTS IN SALMONID FISHES
...3.0124
EFFICACY OF A POTENTIATED SULFONAMIDE AGAINST
FURUNCULOSIS INFECTIONS IN JUVENILE RAINBOW
TROUT AND COHO SALMON ...3.0125
THE TOXICITY AND DRUG RESIDUE LEVEL OF
CHLORAMPHENICOL IN TREATED RAINBOW TROUT
...3.0133
Salmo Salar
EFFECTS OF CHRONIC SUBLETHAL DOSAGES OF DDT ON
THE SWIMMING PERFORMANCE OF ATLANTIC SALMON
PARR ...1.0252
PLANNING FOR CREATION OF SALMONID FISHERIES IN
LAKE ONTARIO ...2.0221
Salmo Trutta
IN VIVO AND IN VITRO STUDIES ON THE MODE OF ACTION
OF TFM ...2.0250
THE EFFECTS OF TFM ON THE BLOOD CHEMISTRY OF
FISHES ...2.0252
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF MCN-JR-7464 AS AN ANESTHETIC
FOR SELECTED SPECIES OF FISH (ABBREV) ...2.0261
RELATIVE RESISTANCE OF SELECTIVELY BRED BROOK
AND BROWN TROUT FINGERLINGS TO FURUNCULOSIS
...3.0041
RELATIVE RESISTANCE OF SELECTIVELY BRED BROOK
AND BROWN TROUT YEARLINGS TO FURUNCULOSIS
...3.0042
FIELD TESTING OF SELECTIVELY BRED STRAINS OF
BROOK AND BROWN TROUT UNDER PRODUCTION
HATCHERY CONDITIONS ...3.0043
THE TOXICITY AND DRUG RESIDUE LEVEL OF
CHLORAMPHENICOL IN TREATED RAINBOW TROUT
...3.0133
Salmon -nonspecific
THE RELATIONSHIP OF TEMPERATURE TO DISEASE OF
SALMONID FISHES ...3.0051
IMPROVEMENT OF SALMON AND STEELHEAD TROUT
HATCHERY TECHNIQUES ...3.0059
2-59
465-888 O - 72 - 15
-------
Fish
SUBJECT INDEX
EFFECT OF SUPERSATURATION OF DISSOLVED NITROGEN
ON MIGRATING SALMONIDS ...3.0083
CONTROL OF VIBRIOSIS IN SALMON ...3.0117
EVALUATION OF STRESS IN FINGERLING SALMON
THERAPEUTIC DRUGS AS STRESS FACTORS ...3.0120
AQUATIC MYXOBACTERIA, CHONDROCOCCUS COLUM-
NAR1S AND OTHER FISH PATHOGENS ...3.0126
Salmonids -nonspecific
THE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF VARIOUS LIFE STAGES OF FRESH-
WATER FISHES TO THREE TOXICANTS ...1.0279
RELATIVE SUSCEPTIBILITIES OF FISH FAMILIES TO HERBI-
CIDES ...1.0280
TRIBUTARY SURVEY OF LAKES ONTARIO AND ERIE
...2.0220
EPIDEMOLOGY OF 'SALMON POISONING1 DISEASE ...3.0054
IMPACT OF CERATOMYXA IN CENTRAL OREGON SAL-
MONID POPULATIONS ...3.0057
USE OF CELL CULTURE METHODS TO ATTEMPT TO FOL-
LOW DEVELOPING STAGES OF SPORES ...3.0062
UTILIZATION OF INVERTEBRATE VECTORS IN THE TRANS-
MISSION OF WHIRLING DISEASE ...3.0064
TREATMENT OF WHIRLING DISEASE SPORES TO PRODUCE
INFECTIVE STATES OF THE ORGANISM ...3.0066
METHODS OF COLLECTING AND CONCENTRATING SPORES
TAKEN FROM INFECTED FISH ...3.0067
NEOPLASMS OF SALMONID FISHES ...3.0094
INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF SOME SALMONID FISHES AND
THE ASSOCIATED HISTOPATHOLOGY ...3.0099
Salvelinus Fontinalis
IMPACT OF PESTICIDES UPON SEMI-WILD ECOSYSTEMS
...1.0335
STUDY OF CHRONIC TOXICITY OF LINDANE TO SELECTED
FRESHWATER FISHES AND FOOD CHAIN ORGANISMS
...1.0337
STUDY OF CHRONIC TOXICITY OF PARATHION TO
SELECTED FRESHWATER FISHES AND FOOD CHAIN OR-
GANISMS ...1.0357
JO-MARY POND RECLAMATION ...2.0201
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF MCN-JR-7464 AS AN ANESTHETIC
FOR SELECTED SPECIES OF FISH (ABBREV) ...2.0261
REFINEMENT OF MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES FOR
STREAM TROUT LAKES ...3.0035
RELATIVE RESISTANCE OF SELECTIVELY BRED BROOK
AND BROWN TROUT FINGERLINGS TO FURUNCULOSIS
...3.0041
RELATIVE RESISTANCE OF SELECTIVELY BRED BROOK
AND BROWN TROUT YEARLINGS TO FURUNCULOSIS
...3.0042
FIELD TESTING OF SELECTIVELY BRED STRAINS OF
BROOK AND BROWN TROUT UNDER PRODUCTION
HATCHERY CONDITIONS ...3.0043
BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES IN FISH DISEASES THE STRESS
OF FORMALIN TREATMENTS IN SALMONID FISHES
...3.0124
THE TOXICITY AND DRUG RESIDUE LEVEL OF
CHLORAMPHENICOL IN TREATED RAINBOW TROUT
...3.0133
RENOVATION OF TROUT STREAMS ...4.0076
Salvelinus Namaycush
RATES OF PESTICIDE BUILDUP IN SALMONIDS RECENTLY
INTRODUCED IN THE GREAT LAKES ...1.0256
MODE OF ACTION OF INSECTICIDES AS RELATED TO IN-
SECT METABOLISM AND BEHAVIOR ...1.0266
CHRONIC TOXICITY OF PESTICIDES TO COLD-WATER FISH
...1.0318
ASSESSMENT OF LAKE TROUT RESTORATION IN MICHIGAN
WATERS OF LAKE MICHIGAN, 1969-70 ...2.0202
SEA LAMPREY CONTROL LAKE MICHIGAN CHEMICAL
CONTROL ...2.0203
SEA LAMPREY CONTROL LAKE HURON CHEMICAL CON-
TROL ...2.0204
LAKE SUPERIOR CHEMICAL CONTROL OF SEA LAMPREY
...2.0205
LAKE HURON CHEMICAL CONTROL ...2.0209
LAKE SUPERIOR COMMERCIAL FISHERIES ASSESSMENT
STUDIES ..2.0212
EXPERIMENTATION WITH FINTROL AS A FISH TOXICANT
IN DEEP SOFTWATER LAKES ...2.0116
RELATION OF LAMPREY EELS TO EXISTING SALMONID
STOCKS IN CAYUGA LAKE ...2.0219
EVALUATE FISH TOXICANT (ANTIMYCIN) (EAGLE LAKE
SEGMENT) ...2.0230
POPULATION DYNAMICS - LAKE TROUT ...2.0235
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF MCN-JR-7464 AS AN ANESTHETIC
FOR SELECTED SPECIES OF FISH (ABBREV) ...2.0261
ASSESSMENT OF LAKE TROUT AND ASSOCIATED SPECIES
IN LAKES MICHIGAN AND SUPERIOR ...2.0264
Trout -nonspecific
PHYSIOLOGIC RESPONSE OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS TO
POLLUTANTS ...1.0260
NERVE IMPULSE TRANSMISSION CHARACTERISTICS OF
ISOLATED FISH-NERVE PREPARATIONS PERFUSED WITH
PHYSIOLOGICAL LEVELS OF SELECTED PESTICIDES
...1.0271
ELIMINATE OR REDUCE EFFECTS OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES
...1.0311
SUBLETHAL AMOUNTS OF ORGANIC INSECTICIDES AND
FISH . .1.0313
EXPERIMENTATION WITH FINTROL AS A FISH TOXICANT
IN DEEP, SOFT-WATER LAKES ...2.0213
TIME-CONCENTRATION TESTS INVOLVING NEUTRALIZA-
TION OF ROTENONE WITH POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE
...2.0224
EXPERIMENTAL RECLAMATION OF TROUT STREAMS
THROUGH CHEMICAL TREATMENT ...2.0263
CHARACTERIZATION OF THE INFECTIOUS PANCREATIC
NECROSIS (IPN) VIRUS OF TROUT ...3.0031
CYTOLOGY OF VIRAL NEOPLASMS OF FISH ...3.0045
SUSCEPTIBILITY OF VARIOUS AGES OF FISH TO INFECTION
...3.0063
USE OF TISSUE SECTIONING TECHNIQUES TO ATTEMPT TO
FOLLOW THE LIFE HISTORY OF WHIRLING DISEASE
PARASITES FROM THE FIRST DAY OF INFECTION ...3.0065
DETERMINE IF SPORES OR INFECTIVE STAGES ARE SHED
FROM LIVING FISH ...3.0068
DETECTION OF CARRIER CONDITION IN FURUNCULOSIS
...3.0098
AQUATIC MYXOBACTERIA, CHONDROCOCCUS COLUM-
NARIS AND OTHER FISH PATHOGENS ...3.0126
CONTROL OF MYXOSOMA CEREBRALIS AND OTHER CAR-
TILAGINOUS MYXOSPORIDA FILTRATION AND UL-
TRAVIOLET IRRADIATION ...3.0129
Sciaenidae
SALT WATER POND RESEARCH ...3.0073
A HISTOPATHOLOGICAL STUDY AND DESCRIPTION OF
ACUTE INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE IN SPECKLED TROUT
(CYNOSC1ON NEBULOSUS) ...3.0075
Scorpaenidae
MARINE FISHERIES
RESEARCH ...3.0055
Serranidae
SYMBIOSIS AND PARASITISM
Roccus Spp.
TOXICITY OF POLLUTANTS TO STRIPED BASS ...1.0251
STRIPED BASS STUDIES ...2.0193
EFFECTS OF METHOXYCHLOR ON THE CONDITIONING OF
STRIPED BASS TO AN OLFACTORY STIMULUS ...2.0233
SURVEY OF ANIMAL DISEASES IN CONNECTICUT ...3.0024
BACTERIAL FLORA OF APPARENTLY HEALTHY STRIPED
BASS (ROCCUS SAXATILIS) & ITS CORRELATION WITH
THE BACTERIA OF THE HATCHERY WATER SUPPLY
...3.0046
ECOLOGY OF RECREATIONALLY IMPORTANT ESTUARINE
FISHES IN OREGON ...3.0052
INVESTIGATION OF HANDLING TECHNIQUES ...3.0111
TOXICITY OF THERAPEUTIC AGENTS TO STRIPED BASS
...3.0112
GAME FISH REPRODUCTION AND ROUGH FISH PROBLEMS
IN ELEPHANT BUTTE LAKE ...4.0081
2-60
-------
SUBJECT INDEX
Fish & Shellfish Biology
Captive Rearing
Aquaria
EFFECT OF DISINFECTING AGENTS ON M. CEREBRALIS
...3.0130
TRANSMISSION OF MYXOSOMA CEREBRALIS AND OTHER
CARTILAGINOUS MYXOSPORIDA ...3.0132
Captive Rearing -general
PESTICIDE MONITORING ...1.0217
ELIMINATE OR REDUCE EFFECTS OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES
...1.0311
DETERMINATION OF DIGESTION RATES FOR TROUT
...1.0346
AQUATIC WEED CONTROL BY POND FISHES ...2.0139
MARINE FISHERIES SYMBIOSIS AND PARASITISM
RESEARCH ...3.0055
SALT WATER POND RESEARCH ...3.0073
SPAWNING AND REARING OF MARINE FISH ...3.0110
CONTROL OF VIBR1OS1S IN SALMON ...3.0117
EXPERIMENTAL REARING OF SALMON AND STEELHEAD
IN BRACKISH WATER IMPOUNDMENTS ...3.0119
Fish Hatcheries
EXPERIMENTAL INTRODUCTION OF EXOTIC FRESHWATER
FISHES ...2.0131
JO-MARY POND RECLAMATION ...2.0201
COOPERATIVE FISH DISEASE PROJECT ...3.0012
REFINEMENT OF MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES FOR
STREAM TROUT LAKES ...3.0035
FIELD TESTING OF SELECTIVELY BRED STRAINS OF
BROOK AND BROWN TROUT UNDER PRODUCTION
HATCHERY CONDITIONS ...3.0043
AQU1CULTURE, SALMON CULTURE - RESEARCH ...3.0053
MYCOTOXIN TOXICITY AND CARCINOGENESIS IN TROUT
...3.0056
IMPROVEMENT OF SALMON AND STEELHEAD TROUT
HATCHERY TECHNIQUES ...3.0059
SUSCEPTIBILITY OF VARIOUS AGES OF FISH TO INFECTION
...3.0063
ORAL IMMUNIZATION OF HATCHERY-REARED SALMONIDS
- RED MOUTH COMPARATIVE VACCINE STUDY 3.0085
AQUICULTURE, OYSTER HATCHERIES - RESEARCH ...3.0118
ORAL IMMUNIZATION OF HATCHERY-REARED SALMONIDS
- FURUNCULOSIS IN COHO SALMON ...3.0122
REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY AND EARLY LIFE HISTORY OF
CYPRIN1DS IN EAST AND PAULINA LAKES ...4.0083
Censusing
STRIPED BASS STUDIES ...2.0193
SURVIVAL AND GROWTH OF KOKANEE AND COHO SAL-
MON IN ANDERSON RANCH RESERVIOR ...2.0197
BIOLOGICAL AND LIMNOLOGICAL INVENTORY OF SEVEN
FLOOD CONTROL RESERVO/RS IN THE STATE OF INDI-
ANA ...2.0199
STUDY OF THE SEA LAMPREY IN LOVE LAKE ..2.0200
SEA LAMPREY CONTROL - ASSESSMENT METHODS ...2.0208
MERIDIAN STATE PARK LAKE CRAPPIE REMOVAL EXPERI-
MENT ...2.0231
INVENTORY OF WATERS OF THE PROJECT AREA ...3.0039
Commercial Fishing
EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON ESTUARINE PRODUCTIVITY
...1.0133
PHYSIOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR OF LARVAE (PHYSIOECOLO-
GY OF SHELLFISH PROGRAM) ...1.0236
ASSESSMENT OF LAKE TROUT RESTORATION IN MICHIGAN
WATERS OF LAKE MICHIGAN, 1969-70 ...2.0202
SEA LAMPREY CONTROL - AGE AND GROWTH STUDIES
2.0206
LAKE SUPERIOR COMMERCIAL FISHERIES ASSESSMENT
STUDIES ...2.0212
PLANNING FOR CREATION OF SALMONID FISHERIES IN
LAKE ONTARIO ...2.0221
Fish & Shellfish Biology
POPULATION DYNAMICS - LAKE TROUT ...2.0235
ASSESSMENT OF LAKE TROUT AND ASSOCIATED SPECIES
IN LAKES MICHIGAN AND SUPERIOR ...2.0264
OYSTER DRIL (OCINEBRA JAPONICA) CONTROL ...2.0293
OYSTER DISEASE MORTALITY ALONG THE CALIFORNIA
COAST ...3.0022
AQUICULTURE, SALMON CULTURE - RESEARCH ..3.00S3
MASS MORTALITY OF OYSTERS ALONG THE OREGON
COAST ...3.0060
MARINE FISH-CULTURE PATHOLOGY ...3.0070
TESTS OF SELECTED SEED OYSTER STOCKS ON COMMER-
CIAL BEDS ...3.0079
MASS MORTALITY OF PACIFIC OYSTERS ALONG THE
WASHINGTON COAST ...3.0082
AQUICULTURE, OYSTER HATCHERIES - RESEARCH ...3.0118
LAKE ONTARIO INTERIM COMPREHENSIVE FISHERIES
MANAGEMENT PLAN ...4.0082
Control of Nuisance Species
DEVELOPMENT OF ON-SITE BIOASSAY METHODS ...1.0108
EVALUATION OF GIZZARD SHAD AS A FORAGE FISH
...1.0356
CONTROL OF WEEDS AND CERTAIN OTHER AQUATIC
PESTS IN THE PACIFIC SOUTHWEST ...2.0101
EXPERIMENTAL USE OF PESTICIDES FOR FISHERIES
MANAGEMENT PURPOSES ...2.0189
SMALL IMPOUNDMENT STOCKING ...2.0190
STUDIES OF SHARK REPELLENTS AND OTHER ANTISHARK
MEASURES ...2.0191
HAUL SEINE STUDY ...2.0192
STRIPED BASS STUDIES ...2.0193
RESTORING 'BALANCE' WITH ROTENONE AND FINTROL
..2.0194
SQUAWFISH CONTROL IN CASCADE RESERVOIR ...2.0195
SURVIVAL AND GROWTH OF KOKANEE AND COHO SAL-
MON IN ANDERSON RANCH RESERVIOR ...2.0197
BIOLOGICAL AND LIMNOLOGICAL INVENTORY OF SEVEN
FLOOD CONTROL RESERVOIRS IN THE STATE OF INDI-
ANA ...2.0199
STUDY OF THE SEA LAMPREY IN LOVE LAKE ...2.0200
JO-MARY POND RECLAMATION ...2.0201
ASSESSMENT OF LAKE TROUT RESTORATION IN MICHIGAN
WATERS OF LAKE MICHIGAN, 1969-70 ...2.0202
SEA LAMPREY CONTROL LAKE MICHIGAN CHEMICAL
CONTROL ...2.0203
SEA LAMPREY CONTROL LAKE HURON CHEMICAL CON-
TROL . .2.0204
LAKE SUPERIOR CHEMICAL CONTROL OF SEA LAMPREY
...2.0205
SEA LAMPREY CONTROL AGE AND GROWTH STUDIES
2.0206
SEA LAMPREY CONTROL REESTABLISHMENT STUDIES
...2.0207
SEA LAMPREY CONTROL - ASSESSMENT METHODS ...2.0208
LAKE HURON CHEMICAL CONTROL ...2.0209
BIOLOGY OF THE LARVAL SEA LAMPREY ...2.0210
BIOASSAY ...2.0211
LAKE SUPERIOR COMMERCIAL FISHERIES ASSESSMENT
STUDIES ...2.0212
EXPERIMENTATION WITH FINTROL AS A FISH TOXICANT
IN DEEP, SOFT-WATER LAKES ...2.0213
EXPERIMENTAL ESTABLISHMENT OF MONOSPECIF1C WAL-
LEYE POPULATIONS AS A MANAGEMENT MEASURE FOR
SMALL WARMWATER LAKES IN NORTHERN MINNESOTA
...2.0214
THE INTERACTION OF THE WALLEYE AND WHITE SUCKER
IN THE FISH POPULATION OF SOFT WATER LAKE IN
NORTHEASTERN MINNESOTA ...2.0215
EXPERIMENTATION WITH FINTROL AS A FISH TOXICANT
IN DEEP SOFTWATER LAKES ...2.0216
THE USE OF PHEROMONES BY CARP, CYPRINUS CARPIO-
RESEARCH ...2.0217
EXPERIMENTAL RESTORATION OF THE GILA TROUT
..2.0218
RELATION OF LAMPREY EELS TO EXISTING SALMONID
STOCKS IN CAYUGA LAKE ...2.0219
2-61
-------
Fish & Shellfish Biology
SUBJECT INDEX
TRIBUTARY SURVEY OF LAKES ONTARIO AND ERIE
...2.0220
PLANNING FOR CREATION OF SALMONID FISHERIES IN
LAKE ONTARIO ...2.0221
PRE-LAMPREY CONTROL INVENTORY OF FISH STOCKS
...2.0222
DEVELOPMENT OF ACCURATE CHEMICAL INTRODUCTION
TECHNIQUES ...2.0223
TIME-CONCENTRATION TESTS INVOLVING NEUTRALIZA-
TION OF ROTENONE WITH POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE
..2.0224
AN EVALUATION OF TECHNIQUES TO MANAGE SMALL IM-
POUNDMENTS IN OHIO ...2.0227
PISCICIDE TOXICOLOGY OF THE CYPRINIDS IN EAST AND
WEST PAULINA LAKES ...2.0228
EVALUATE FISH TOXICANTS (SUNSET LAKE SEGMENT)
...2.0229
EVALUATE FISH TOXICANT (ANTIMYCIN) (EAGLE LAKE
SEGMENT) ...2.0230
MERIDIAN STATE PARK LAKE CRAPPIE REMOVAL EXPERI-
MENT ...2.0231
FISH TOXICANT STUDIES ...2.0232
POPULATION DYNAMICS - LAKE TROUT ...2.0235
RESIDUES OF MS-222 IN FISH ...2.0236
THE DEVELOPMENT OF ANALYTICAL METHODS CAPABLE
OF MEASURING TFM RESIDUES IN FISH, WATER, AND
OTHER COMPLEX SUBSTRATES ...2.0238
INTENSIVE SCREENING OF POTENTIAL FISH CONTROL
AGENTS - POTENTIATION OF ANTIMYCIN ...2.0241
THE EFFICACY OF THANITE (1SOBORNYL THIO-
CYANOACETATE) AS A FISH COLLECTION AID ...2.0242
THE EFFICACY OF MONSANTO NO. 51294 AS A FISH TOXI-
CANT (LABORATORY) ...2.0243
THE EFFICACY AND PERSISTENCE OF FORMULATIONS OF
ANTIMYCIN ...2.0244
DEVELOPMENT OF RHODAM1NE-B DYE TO TRACE FLOW
AND DISPERSION PATTERNS IN STREAMS AS AN AD-
JUNCT TO TREATING STREAMS WITH FISH-CONTROL
CHEMICALS ...2.024S
ESTABLISH MINIMUM DOSES OF ANTIMYCIN AND
ROTENONE NEEDED FOR TOTAL KILLS OF TARGET
FISHES ...2.0247
DEVELOPMENTS OF METHODS RELATED TO TESTING OF
FISH CONTROL AGENTS BIOCHEMICAL METHOD FOR
SEXING FISH ...2.0248
THE EFFECTS OF THANITE ON THE ACID-BASE BALANCE
IN THE BLOOD OF FISHES ...2.0254
STATIC BIOASSAY OF TOXICANTS AGAINST FISH AND IN-
VERTEBRATES ..2.0255
STATIC BIOASSAY OF REPRODUCTIVE CONTROLS AGAINST
FISH AND INVERTEBRATES ...2.0256
STATIC BIOASSAY OF COLLECTING AIDS AGAINST FISH
...2.0257
STATIC BIOASSAY OF ATTRACTANTS AND REPELLANTS
AGAINST FISH AND INVERTEBRATES ...2.0258
CONTINUOUS FLOW BIOASSAY OF TOXICANTS AGAINST
FISH AND INVERTEBRATES ...2.0259
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF MCN-JR-7464 AS AN ANESTHETIC
FOR SELECTED SPECIES OF FISH (ABBREV) ...2.0261
THE EFFECTS OF ANTIMYCIN A ON THE METABOLISM OF
SELECTED TISSUES IN FISH (ABBREV) ...2.0262
EXPERIMENTAL RECLAMATION OF TROUT STREAMS
THROUGH CHEMICAL TREATMENT ...2.0263
ASSESSMENT OF LAKE TROUT AND ASSOCIATED SPECIES
IN LAKES MICHIGAN AND SUPERIOR ...2.0264
NATURAL HISTORY OF PREDATORS AND COMPETITORS
(PREDATOR CONTROL PROGRAM) ...2.0271
EXPERIMENTS TO RE-ESTABLISH HISTORICAL OYSTER
SEED GROUNDS AND TO CONTROL THE SOUTHERN
OYSTER DRILL ...2.0274
EFFECTS OF WATER EXCHANGE AND BLUE CRAB CON-
TROL ON SHRIMP PRODUCTION IN LOUISIANA SALT-
MARSH IMPOUNDMENTS ...2.0275
OYSTER DRIL (OCINEBRA JAPONICA) CONTROL ...2.0293
REFINEMENT OF MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES FOR
STREAM TROUT LAKES ...3.0035
INVENTORY OF WATERS OF THE PROJECT AREA ...3.0039
INVESTIGATION OF HANDLING TECHNIQUES ...3.0111
AQUICULTURE, OYSTER HATCHERIES - RESEARCH ...3.0118
EFFECT OF DISINFECTING AGENTS ON M. CEREBRALIS
...3.0130
LIFE HISTORY OF ST. JOE RIVER CUTTHROAT TROUT
...4.0077
A STUDY OF THE INTERACTION OF THREE SPECIES OF
BULLHEAD AND ASSOCIATED GAME FISH SPECIES IN A
SINGLE LAKE ...4.0079
GAME FISH REPRODUCTION AND ROUGH FISH PROBLEMS
IN ELEPHANT BUTTE LAKE ...4.0081
SURVEYS FOR PANFISH CONTROL STUDIES ...4.0086
Drugs
THE TOXICITY AND DETOXIFICATION OF THE ROTENONE
FORMULATIONS USED IN FISH MANAGEMENT ...2.0226
INVESTIGATION OF HANDLING TECHNIQUES ...3.0111
TOXICITY OF THERAPEUTIC AGENTS TO STRIPED BASS
...3.0112
Dyes
STATIC BIOASSAY OF TRACERS AND DYES AGAINST FISH
AND INVERTEBRATES ...1.0316
Electro-fishing
SEA LAMPREY CONTROL - REESTABLISHMENT STUDIES
...2.0207
PRE-LAMPREY CONTROL INVENTORY OF FISH STOCKS
...2.0222
INVESTIGATION OF HANDLING TECHNIQUES ...3.0111
Endangered Species
EXPERIMENTAL RESTORATION OF THE GILA TROUT
.2.0218
Fertilizers -aquatic
FARM FISH POND MANAGEMENT ..1.0340
DYNAMICS OF ALGAE POPULATIONS IN FARM FISH PONDS
...2.0094
FISH PRODUCTION AND GAME MANAGEMENT ON THE
IDLEWILD PLANTATION ...2.0142
EVALUATION OF POND CONDITIONS FOLLOWING FER-
TILIZATION ...2.0153
Fishery Development -other
A STUDY OF THE INTERACTION OF THREE SPECIES OF
BULLHEAD AND ASSOCIATED GAME FISH SPECIES IN A
SINGLE LAKE ...4.0079
LAKE ONTARIO INTERIM COMPREHENSIVE FISHERIES
MANAGEMENT PLAN ...4.0082
Food Supply
METABOLISM OF ENDRIN IN PONDS ...1.0113
PHYSIOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR OF LARVAE (PHYSIOECOLO-
GY OF SHELLFISH PROGRAM) ...1.0236
ALGAL FOODS OF SHELLFISH (MICROORGANISMS AFFECT-
ING SHELLFISH PROGRAM) ...1.0326
STUDY OF CHRONIC TOXICITY OF LINDANE TO SELECTED
FRESHWATER FISHES AND FOOD CHAIN ORGANISMS
...1.0337
FARM FISH POND MANAGEMENT ...1.0340
DETERMINATION OF DIGESTION RATES FOR TROUT
..1.0346
EVALUATION OF GIZZARD SHAD AS A FORAGE FISH
..1.0356
AQUATIC WEED CONTROL BY POND FISHES ...2.0139
EVALUATION OF POND CONDITIONS FOLLOWING FER-
TILIZATION ...2.0153
BIOLOGY OF THE LARVAL SEA LAMPREY ...2.0210
EXPERIMENTAL ESTABLISHMENT OF MONOSPECIFIC WAL-
LEYE POPULATIONS AS A MANAGEMENT MEASURE FOR
SMALL WARMWATER LAKES IN NORTHERN MINNESOTA
...2.0214
PLANNING FOR CREATION OF SALMONID FISHERIES IN
LAKE ONTARIO ...2.0221
POPULATION DYNAMICS - LAKE TROUT ...2.0235
EXPERIMENTAL RECLAMATION OF TROUT STREAMS
THROUGH CHEMICAL TREATMENT ...2.0263
2-62
-------
SUBJECT INDEX
LIMNOLOGICAL, ICHTHYOLOGICAL. AND PARASITOLOGI-
CAL INVESTIGATIONS ON ARKANSAS RESERVOIRS IN
RELATION TO WATER QUALITY ...3.0019
ENVIRONMENTAL STUDY ...3.0030
ECOLOGY OF RECREATIONALLY IMPORTANT ESTUARINE
FISHES IN OREGON ...3.0052
MYCOTOXIN TOXICITY AND CARC1NOGENESIS IN TROUT
...3.00S6
WALLEYE AND NORTHERN PIKE STUDY ...3.0072
SALT WATER POND RESEARCH ...3.0073
NUTRITIONAL FACTORS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF
CORYNEBACTERIAL KIDNEY DISEASE ...3.0090
FISHERIES INVESTIGATIONS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO
MANAGEMENT OF ECONOMIC SPECIES ...4.0080
Legislation
LAKE SUPERIOR COMMERCIAL FISHERIES ASSESSMENT
STUDIES ...2.0212
Management 'Other
STATIC BIOASSAY OF TRACERS AND DYES AGAINST FISH
AND INVERTEBRATES ...1.0316
ECOLOGICAL STUDIES OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT PRAC-
TICES ...1.0327
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF MCN-JR-7464 AS AN ANESTHETIC
FOR SELECTED SPECIES OF FISH (ABBREV) ...2.0261
EPIZOOT1OLOGY OF PARASITIC DISEASES IN FISH POPULA-
TIONS UNDER INTENSIVE MANAGEMENT ...3.0001
ECOLOGY OF RECREATIONALLY IMPORTANT ESTUARINE
FISHES IN OREGON ...3.00S2
LIFE HIS: OR Y OF ST. JOE RIVER CUTTHROAT TROUT
...4.0077
FISHERIES INVESTIGATIONS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO
MANAGEMENT OF ECONOMIC SPECIES ...4.0080
LAKE ONTARIO INTERIM COMPREHENSIVE FISHERIES
MANAGEMENT PLAN ...4.0082
Mark, Tag or Capture -other
FISHERIES UNIT 1.0203
ECOLOGY OF RECREATIONALLY IMPORTANT ESTUARINE
FISHES IN OREGON ...3.0052
EXPERIMENTAL REARING OF SALMON AND STEELHEAD
IN BRACKISH WATER IMPOUNDMENTS ...3.0119
Nets
DETERMINATION OF DIGESTION RATES FOR TROUT
...1.0346
HAUL SEINE STUDY ...2.0192
SEA LAMPREY CONTROL - REESTABLISHMENT STUDIES
...2.0207
PRE-LAMPREY CONTROL INVENTORY OF FISH STOCKS
...2.0222
MERIDIAN STATE PARK LAKE CRAPPIE REMOVAL EXPERI-
MENT ...2.0231
ECOLOGY OF RECREATIONALLY IMPORTANT ESTUARINE
FISHES IN OREGON ...3.0052
WALLEYE AND NORTHERN PIKE STUDY ...3.0072
INVESTIGATION OF HANDLING TECHNIQUES ...3.0111
Pathology
ENZYME AND TISSUE ALTERATIONS IN FISH A MEASURE
OF WATER QUALITY ...1.0248
SCREENING PESTICIDES FOR TERATOGENIC EFFECTS ON
GAMBUSIA - CHRONIC TOXICITY OF PESTICIDES TO
FRESHWATER FISHES ...1.0268
EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION ON FISH DIS-
EASES - ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES AND DISEASE
RESISTANCE MECHANISMS OF RAINBOW TROUT ...1.0312
STATIC BIOASSAY OF TRACERS AND DYES AGAINST FISH
AND INVERTEBRATES ...1.0316
FISHERY RESOURCES PROGRAM ...1.0317
CHRONIC TOXICITY OF PESTICIDES TO COLD-WATER FISH
...1.0318
ASSESSMENT OF LAKE TROUT RESTORATION IN MICHIGAN
WATERS OF LAKE MICHIGAN, 1959-70 ...2.0202
EPIZOOTIOLOGY OF PARASITIC DISEASES IN FISH POPULA-
TIONS UNDER INTENSIVE MANAGEMENT ...3.0001
Fish & Shellfish Biology
OF PARASITIC BACTERIAL FORMS
IDENTIFICATION
...3.0002
INVESTIGATE CONTROL MEASURES OF BACTERIAL INFEC-
TIONS IN FISH ...3.0003
DETECTION OF CHANNEL CATFISH VIRUS (CCV) IN
BROODSTOCK ...3.0004
METHOD OF CONTROLLING MORTALITY IN CHANNEL
CATFISH DUE TO CCV INFECTION ...3.0005
EVALUATION OF THE INFLUENCE OF AGE AND SIZE OF
CHANNEL CATFISH ON THE INFECTIVITY OF CCV
...3.0006
SUSCEPTIBILITY OF OTHER SPECIES OF CATFISHES TO CCV
AND THEIR POSSIBLE ROLE AS CARRIERS ...3.0007
DEVELOPMENT OF NEW FISH CELL LINES ...3.0008
COOPERATIVE FISH DISEASE PROJECT ...3.0009
CHANNEL CATFISH VIRUS REPLICATION CURVES IN IN-
TERNAL ORGANS AND ASSOCIATED PATHOLOGY
...3.0010
DISTRIBUTION OF THE GENUS ERGASILUS (PARASITIC
COPEPOD) IN THE SOUTHEASTERN UNITED STATES
...3.0011
COOPERATIVE FISH DISEASE PROJECT ...3.0012
PATHOLOGY OF AEROMONAS LIQUIFACIENS IN CHANNEL
CATFISH ...3.0013
INVESTIGATIONS OF AMEBIASIS IN FISH ...3.0014
COOPERATIVE FISH PARASITE AND DISEASE STUDY
...3.0015
PUBLICATION OF FISH BACTERIAL RESEARCH ...3.0016
PUBLICATION OF FISH VIRUS RESEARCH ...3.0017
IMPOUNDMENT EFFECTS ON WATER QUALITY AS
REFLECTED IN PARASITISM OF RESERVOIR BASSES
...3.0018
LIMNOLOGICAL, ICHTHYOLOGICAL, AND PARASITOLOGI-
CAL INVESTIGATIONS ON ARKANSAS RESERVOIRS IN
RELATION TO WATER QUALITY ...3.0019
STUDY OF THE INCIDENCE AND LIFE CYCLES OF MYX-
OSPORIDIAL INFECTIONS IN WARM WATER FISHES
(REVISED) ...3.0020
EPIDERMAL PAPILLOMAS ...3.0021
OYSTER DISEASE MORTALITY ALONG THE CALIFORNIA
COAST ...3.0022
EPIZOOTIOLOGY OF LEPTOSPIRES FISH SUSCEPTIBILITY
TO L. ICTEROHAEMORRHIGICA (ABBREV) ...3.0023
SURVEY OF ANIMAL DISEASES IN CONNECTICUT ...3.0024
DISEASES OF FISH ...3.0025
VIBRIO PARAHAEMOLYTICUS IN CHESAPEAKE BAY
ISOLATION, INCIDENCE AND PATHOGENICITY ...3.0026
PATHOLOGY RESEARCH ...3.0027
UTILIZATION AND MANAGEMENT OF COASTAL MARSHES
AND RESOURCES ...3.0029
ENVIRONMENTAL STUDY ...3.0030
CHARACTERIZATION OF THE INFECTIOUS PANCREATIC
NECROSIS (1PN) VIRUS OF TROUT ...3.0031
MOLLUSCAN MORTALITY STUDIES ...3.0032
SHELLFISH MORTALITY - CHESAPEAKE BAY ...3.0033
PACIFIC OYSTER MORTALITY STUDIES ...3.0034
EXPERIMENTAL CONTROL OF NEASCUS IN SMALL TROUT
LAKES ...3.0036
IDENTIFICATION OF PARASITES AND DISEASES EFFECTING
MARICULTURE SPECIES ...3.0037
TRANSMISSION OF AN OVARY PARASITE OF THE GOLDEN
SHINER ...3.0038
ETIOLOGY OF ESTUARINE FISH DISEASES ...3.0040
RELATIVE RESISTANCE OF SELECTIVELY BRED BROOK
AND BROWN TROUT FINGERLINGS TO FURUNCULOSIS
...3.0041
RELATIVE RESISTANCE OF SELECTIVELY BRED BROOK
AND BROWN TROUT YEARLINGS TO FURUNCULOSIS
...3.0042
FIELD TESTING OF SELECTIVELY BRED STRAINS OF
BROOK AND BROWN TROUT UNDER PRODUCTION
HATCHERY CONDITIONS ...3.0043
ANALYSIS OF DATA AND PREPARATION OF MANUSCRIPTS
FOR PUBLICATION ...3.0044
CYTOLOGY OF VIRAL NEOPLASMS OF FISH ...3.0045
BACTERIAL FLORA OF APPARENTLY HEALTHY STRIPED
BASS (ROCCUS SAXATILIS) & ITS CORRELATION WITH
2-63
-------
Fish & Shellfish Biology
SUBJECT INDEX
THE BACTERIA OF THE HATCHERY WATER SUPPLY
3.0046
PARASITES OF FRESH-WATER FISHES IN NORTH CAROLINA
.3.0047
RESEARCH VESSEL OPERATIONS ...3.0048
INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF SALMONID FISHES ...3.0049
BIOLOGY OF THE PROTOZOAN PARASITE CERATOMYXA
SHASTA ...3.0050
THE RELATIONSHIP OF TEMPERATURE TO DISEASE OF
SALMONID FISHES ...3.00SI
ECOLOGY OF RECREATIONALLY IMPORTANT ESTUARINE
FISHES IN OREGON ...3.0052
AQUICULTURE, SALMON CULTURE - RESEARCH ...3.0053
EPIDEMOLOGY OF 'SALMON POISONING' DISEASE ...3.0054
MARINE FISHERIES SYMBIOSIS AND PARASITISM
RESEARCH ...3.0055
MYCOTOXIN TOXICITY AND CARCINOGENESIS IN TROUT
...3.0056
IMPACT OF CERATOMYXA IN CENTRAL OREGON SAL-
MONID POPULATIONS ...3.0057
TRANSMISSION OF CERATOMYXA SHASTA ...3.0058
IMPROVEMENT OF SALMON AND STEELHEAD TROUT
HATCHERY TECHNIQUES ...3.0059
MASS MORTALITY OF OYSTERS ALONG THE OREGON
COAST ...3.0060
VIRAL DISEASES OF MARINE FISHES ..3.0061
USE OF CELL CULTURE METHODS TO ATTEMPT TO FOL-
LOW DEVELOPING STAGES OF SPORES ...3.0062
SUSCEPTIBILITY OF VARIOUS AGES OF FISH TO INFECTION
...3.0063
UTILIZATION OF INVERTEBRATE VECTORS IN THE TRANS-
MISSION OF WHIRLING DISEASE ...3.0064
USE OF TISSUE SECTIONING TECHNIQUES TO ATTEMPT TO
FOLLOW THE LIFE HISTORY OF WHIRLING DISEASE
PARASITES FROM THE FIRST DAY OF INFECTION 3.0065
TREATMENT OF WHIRLING DISEASE SPORES TO PRODUCE
INFECTIVE STATES OF THE ORGANISM ...3.0066
METHODS OF COLLECTING AND CONCENTRATING SPORES
TAKEN FROM INFECTED FISH ...3.0067
DETERMINE IF SPORES OR INFECTIVE STAGES ARE SHED
FROM LIVING FISH ...3.0068
MULTIPLICATION OF ENTERIC VIRUSES IN SHELLFISH
.3.0069
MARINE FISH-CULTURE PATHOLOGY ...3.0070
THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENTLY EXTRACTED ENDOTOXINS
FROM ESCHERICHIA COLI ON RAINBOW TROUT (SALMO
GAIRDNERI) ...3.0071
WALLEYE AND NORTHERN PIKE STUDY ...3.0072
SALT WATER POND RESEARCH ...3.0073
BACTERIAL AND VIRAL DISEASES AND CELL CULTURES
OF MARINE FISH AND SHELLFISH ...3.0074
A HISTOPATHOLOGICAL STUDY AND DESCRIPTION OF
ACUTE INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE IN SPECKLED TROUT
(CYNOSCION NEBULOSUS) ...3.0075
A HISTOLOGIC STUDY OF MARINE FISH ...3.0076
TESTING OF STOCKS OF OYSTERS FOR DISEASE RE-
SISTANCE ...3.0077
ACQUIRED VS. GENETIC RESISTANCE IN OYSTERS ...3.0078
TESTS OF SELECTED SEED OYSTER STOCKS ON COMMER-
CIAL BEDS ...3.0079
HISTOPATHOLOGY OF LAHONTAN CUTTHROAT TROUT
...3.0080
HISTOPATHOLOGY OF LIVERS OF RAINBOW TROUT FED
RANCID PELLETS CONTAINING AFLATOXIN ..3.0081
MASS MORTALITY OF PACIFIC OYSTERS ALONG THE
WASHINGTON COAST ...3.0082
EFFECT OF SUPERSATURATION OF DISSOLVED NITROGEN
ON MIGRATING SALMONIDS ...3.0083
ISOLATION OF VIRUSES FROM FISHES INVESTIGATION OF
FISH EPIZOOTICS OF UNKNOWN ETIOLOGY FOR POSSI-
BLE VIRUS INVOLVEMENT ...3.0084
ORAL IMMUNIZATION OF HATCHERY-REARED SALMONIDS
RED MOUTH COMPARATIVE VACCINE STUDY ...3.0085
CYTOPATHOGENIC EFFECT OF TOXIN ON TISSUE ...3.0086
CYTOPATHOGENIC EFFECT OF TOXIN IN FISH ...3.0087
CORRELATE NITROGEN GAS CONTENT OF WATER SUP-
PLIES WITH DISEASE ...3.0088
EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION ON FISH DIS-
EASES EFFECT OF HEAT STRESS ON DISEASE RE-
SISTANCE MECHANISMS IN SALMONID FISHES ...3.0089
NUTRITIONAL FACTORS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF
CORYNEBACTERIAL KIDNEY DISEASE ...3.0090
HISTOPATHOGENESIS OF KIDNEY DISEASE ...3.0091
HISTOPATHOLOGY OF SALMONID FISHES
HISTOPATHOGENESIS OF CULTUS LAKE VIRUS DISEASE
...3.0092
HISTOPATHOLOGY OF SALMONID FISHES - BACTERIAL
RED-MOUTH DISEASE HISTOPATHOGENESIS OF RAIN-
BOW TROUT (SALMON GAIRDNERI) ...3.0093
NEOPLASMS OF SALMONID FISHES ...3.0094
HISTOPATHOLOGY OF SALMONID FISHES: DIAGNOSIS
...3.0095
BACTERIOLOGICAL AND SEROLOGICAL STUDIES ON
MOTILE AEROMONADS AND PSEUDOMONADS FRESHLY
ISOLATED FROM DISEASED FISHES ...3.0096
DEVELOPMENT OF METHODS FOR RAPID IDENTIFICATION
OF BACTERIAL FISH PATHOGENS ...3.0097
DETECTION OF CARRIER CONDITION IN FURUNCULOS1S
...3.0098
INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF SOME SALMONID FISHES AND
THE ASSOCIATED HISTOPATHOLOGY ...3.0099
PARASITOLOGY PARASITES AND PARASITIC DISEASES OF
FISHES IMMUNIZATION STUDY FOR
ICHTHYOPHTHIRIUS ...3.0100
ISOLATION AND FURTHER DESCRIPTION OF THE SPORES
OF MYXOSOMA CEREBRALIS ...3.0101
LONGEVITY OF SPORES OF 'MYOXOSOMA CEREBRALIS'
(WHIRLING DISEASE) ...3.0102
IMMUNODIAGNOSIS OF WHIRLING DISEASE (MYXOSOMA
CEREBRALIS) ...3.0103
VERTEBRATE DISEASES VIRAL DISEASES OF FRESH-
WATER FISHES AND OTHER LOWER VERTEBRATES
EGTVED VIRUS ...3.0104
POSSIBLE BIRD TRANSMISSION OF 'MYXOSOMA
CEREBRALIS' ...3.0105
MUCUS & FRESHWATER OSMOREGULATION IN
ANADROMOUS FISHES & RELATIONSHIPS TO MORTALI-
TIES IN THE ALEWIFE ...3.0106
DIAGNOSIS OF DISEASES IN FISH ..3.0107
PARASITES OF WARMWATER FISHES AND THEIR CONTROL
...3.0108
CONTROL OF MYXOSPORIDIAN PARASITES ...3.0109
SPAWNING AND REARING OF MARINE FISH ...3.0110
PATHOLOGY EPIZOOTIOLOGY ...3.0113
DISEASE-RESISTANT OYSTERS ...3.0114
REPRODUCTION & FUNGAL PARASITES AFFECTING
REPRODUCTION IN LOBSTER, HUMARUS AMERICANNA,
& BLUE CRAB CALUNECTES SAPIDUS, IN N.C. WATERS
...3.0115
RELATIONSHIP OF TEMPERATURE TO DISEASES OF SAL-
MONID FISH ...3.0116
CONTROL OF VIBRIOSIS IN SALMON ...3.0117
AQUICULTURE, OYSTER HATCHERIES - RESEARCH 3.0118
EXPERIMENTAL REARING OF SALMON AND STEELHEAD
IN BRACKISH WATER IMPOUNDMENTS ...3.0119
EVALUATION OF STRESS IN FINGERL1NG SALMON
THERAPEUTIC DRUGS AS STRESS FACTORS ...3.0120
IN VIVO CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC STUDIES ON FISH
PATHOGENIC BACTERIA ..3.0121
ORAL IMMUNIZATION OF HATCHERY-REARED SALMONIDS
- FURUNCULOSIS IN COHO SALMON ...3.0122
CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC STUDIES ON FISH PATHOGENIC BAC-
TERIA ...3.0123
BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES IN FISH DISEASES THE STRESS
OF FORMALIN TREATMENTS IN SALMONID FISHES
...3.0124
EFFICACY OF A POTENTIATED SULFONAMIDE AGAINST
FURUNCULOSIS INFECTIONS IN JUVENILE RAINBOW
TROUT AND COHO SALMON ...3.0125
AQUATIC MYXOBACTERIA, CHONDROCOCCUS COLUM-
NARIS AND OTHER FISH PATHOGENS ...3.0126
CHEMOTHERAPY OF FISH DISEASES ...3.0127
2-64
-------
SUBJECT INDEX
Flume Studies
PARASITES AND PARASITIC DISEASES OF FISHES STUDY
OF NEW METHODS FOR CONTROL OF ICHTHYOPHT
...3.0128
CONTROL OF MYXOSOMA CEREBRALIS AND OTHER CAR-
TILAGINOUS MYXOSPORIDA FILTRATION AND UL-
TRAVIOLET IRRADIATION ...3.0129
EFFECT OF DISINFECTING AGENTS ON M. CEREBRALIS
...3.0130
TRANSMISSION OF MICROSPORIDA ...3.0131
TRANSMISSION OF MYXOSOMA CEREBRALIS AND OTHER
CARTILAGINOUS MYXOSPORIDA ...3.0132
THE TOXICITY AND DRUG RESIDUE LEVEL OF
CHLORAMPHENICOL IN TREATED RAINBOW TROUT
...3.0133
DIAGNOSIS OF DISEASES IN WILDLIFE ...3.0134
FISHERIES INVESTIGATIONS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO
MANAGEMENT OF ECONOMIC SPECIES ...4.0080
NORTHERN PIKE LIFE HISTORY STUDY ...4.0084
WALLEYE LIFE HISTORY STUDY ...4.0085
Spawning & Nesting Sites
QUALITY FACTORS OF LAKE MICHIGAN COHO SALMON
FLESH ...1.0259
EFFECTS OF MOSQUITO CONTROL DITCHING ON HIGH
SALT MARSHES IN NORTH CAROLINA, PHASE 1 ...2.0073
SQUAWF1SH CONTROL IN CASCADE RESERVOIR ...2.0195
ASSESSMENT OF LAKE TROUT RESTORATION IN MICHIGAN
WATERS OF LAKE MICHIGAN, 1969-70 ...2.0202
TRIBUTARY SURVEY OF LAKES ONTARIO AND ERIE
...2.0220
PRE-LAMPREY CONTROL INVENTORY OF FISH STOCKS
...2.0222
EXPERIMENTS TO RE-ESTABLISH HISTORICAL OYSTER
SEED GROUNDS AND TO CONTROL THE SOUTHERN
OYSTER DRILL ...2.0274
EFFECTS OF WATER EXCHANGE AND BLUE CRAB CON-
TROL ON SHRIMP PRODUCTION IN LOUISIANA SALT-
MARSH IMPOUNDMENTS ...2.0275
MOLLUSCAN MORTALITY STUDIES ...3.0032
WALLEYE AND NORTHERN PIKE STUDY ...3.0072
GAME FISH REPRODUCTION AND ROUGH FISH PROBLEMS
IN ELEPHANT BUTTE LAKE ...4.0081
REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY AND EARLY LIFE HISTORY OF
CYPRINIDS IN EAST AND PAULINA LAKES ...4.0083
Stocking of Fish & Shellfish
FISHERY RESOURCES PROGRAM ...1.0317
EVALUATION OF GIZZARD SHAD AS A FORAGE FISH
...1.0356
EXPERIMENTAL INTRODUCTION OF EXOTIC FRESHWATER
FISHES ...2.0131
SMALL IMPOUNDMENT STOCKING ...2.0190
STRIPED BASS STUDIES ...2.0193
BIOLOGICAL AND LIMNOLOGICAL INVENTORY OF SEVEN
FLOOD CONTROL RESERVOIRS IN THE STATE OF INDI-
ANA ...2.0199
ASSESSMENT OF LAKE TROUT RESTORATION IN MICHIGAN
WATERS OF LAKE MICHIGAN, 1969-70 ...2.0202
EXPERIMENTAL ESTABLISHMENT OF MONOSPECIFIC WAL-
LEYE POPULATIONS AS A MANAGEMENT MEASURE FOR
SMALL WARMWATER LAKES IN NORTHERN MINNESOTA
...2.0214
EXPERIMENTAL RESTORATION OF THE GILA TROUT
...2.0218
PLANNING FOR CREATION OF SALMONID FISHERIES IN
LAKE ONTARIO ...2.0221
PRE-LAMPREY CONTROL INVENTORY OF FISH STOCKS
...2.0222
ASSESSMENT OF LAKE TROUT AND ASSOCIATED SPECIES
IN LAKES MICHIGAN AND SUPERIOR ...2.0264
EXPERIMENTS TO RE-ESTABLISH HISTORICAL OYSTER
SEED GROUNDS AND TO CONTROL THE SOUTHERN
OYSTER DRILL ...2.0274
PACIFIC OYSTER MORTALITY STUDIES ...3.0034
REFINEMENT OF MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES FOR
STREAM TROUT LAKES ...3.0035
INVENTORY OF WATERS OF THE PROJECT AREA ...3.0039
TESTS OF SELECTED SEED OYSTER STOCKS ON COMMER-
CIAL BEDS ...3.0079
INVESTIGATION OF HANDLING TECHNIQUES ...3.0111
EXPERIMENTAL REARING OF SALMON AND STEELHEAD
IN BRACKISH WATER IMPOUNDMENTS ...3.0119
POST-IMPROVEMENT LIMNOLOGICAL-ANALYSES AND
FISH-POPULATION EVALUATIONS OF CERTAIN STRIP-
MINE LAKES IN SOUTHEAST KANSAS ...4.0078
Tags
MERIDIAN STATE PARK LAKE CRAPPIE REMOVAL EXPERI-
MENT ...2.0231
NORTHERN PIKE LIFE HISTORY STUDY ...4.0084
WALLEYE LIFE HISTORY STUDY ...4.0085
Floods
PATTERNS OF PESTICIDE CONTAMINATION OF WATER
...1.0039
MOSQUITO INVESTIGATIONS RESEARCH AND DEVELOP-
MENT ...2.0060
COORDINATION OF MOSQUITO CONTROL IN NEW JERSEY
...2.0061
Florida
NUTRIENT & WATER INPUTS & OUTGO FROM THE OR-
GANIC & MINERAL SOILS IN THE LAKE APOPKA AREA
...1.0029
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS IN THE SURVIVAL OF MAN
...1.0132
UPPER ST. JOHNS RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY, FLORIDA
...1.0134
TOXIC SUBSTANCES AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF
HYACINTHS AND OTHER WATER PLANTS ...4.0005
Flow Augmentation
EUTROPHICATION EFFECT OF FLOW AUGMENTATION
...2.0168
NUISANCE ALGAL GROWTH RELATED TO ENVIRONMEN-
TAL FACTORS ...2.0180
Flow Characteristics -water
POLLUTION EFFECTS ON GROUND WATER RECHARGE IN
HAWAII ...1.0036
SEA LAMPREY CONTROL - LAKE HURON CHEMICAL CON-
TROL ...2.0204
LAKE SUPERIOR CHEMICAL CONTROL OF SEA LAMPREY
...2.0205
LAKE HURON CHEMICAL CONTROL ...2.0209
Flow Types - Natural Water
TRIBUTARY SURVEY OF LAKES ONTARIO AND ERIE
...2.0220
Low Flow
TRIBUTARY SURVEY OF LAKES ONTARIO AND ERIE
...2.0220
Peak Flow
TRIBUTARY SURVEY OF LAKES ONTARIO AND ERIE
...2.0220
Stratified Flow
NUISANCE ALGAL GROWTH RELATED TO ENVIRONMEN-
TAL FACTORS ...2.0180
Flume Studies
INVESTIGATIONS OF ALGAE INHIBITING MATERIALS
...2.0106
2-65
-------
Flume Studies
SUBJECT INDEX
Fluorescein
NUTRIENT AND WATER INPUTS AND OUTGO FROM THE
ORGANIC AND MINERAL SOILS IN THE LAKE APOPKA
AREA ...1.0027
Fluorescent
SOILS, PESTICIDES, AND THE QUALITY OF WATER ...1.0103
DEVELOPMENT OF RHODAMINE-B DYE TO TRACE FLOW
AND DISPERSION PATTERNS IN STREAMS AS AN AD-
JUNCT TO TREATING STREAMS WITH FISH-CONTROL
CHEMICALS ...2.0245
Food -fish -shellfish
PESTICIDE CONTAMINATION OF ENVIRONMENT ...1.0250
QUALITY FACTORS OF LAKE MICHIGAN COHO SALMON
FLESH ...1.0259
TRACE LEVELS OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN AGRICUL-
TURAL COMMODITIES IN MARKETING CHANNELS
...1.0344
VERTEBRATE DISEASES - VIRAL DISEASES OF FRESH-
WATER FISHES AND OTHER LOWER VERTEBRATES
EGTVED VIRUS ...3.0104
LAKE ONTARIO INTERIM COMPREHENSIVE FISHERIES
MANAGEMENT PLAN ...4.0082
Food Chains, Animal or Man
REDUCTION OF HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH RESIDUES OF
INSECTICIDAL CHEMICALS IN THE ENVIRONMENT
...1.0037
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS OF PESTICIDE USAGE
...1.0038
REDUCTION OF PESTICIDE RESIDUE HAZARDS ...1.0040
METABOLISM OF ENDRIN IN PONDS ...1.0113
CHEMICAL ANALYSES ...1.0129
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS IN THE SURVIVAL OF MAN
...1.0132
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN PESTICIDES AND GEORGIA
FARM POND ECOSYSTEMS ...1.0138
TOXAPHENE CONTAMINATION ESTUARINE ECOLOGY
...1.0139
PESTICIDE MONITORING PROGRAM LAKE MICHIGAN
...1.0143
THE FATE OF SELECT PESTICIDES IN THE AQUATIC EN-
VIRONMENT ...1.0144
LIMNOLOGICAL FACTORS AFFECTING PESTICIDE
RESIDUES IN SURFACE WATERS ...1.0149
GEOGRAPHIC ATLAS OF PESTICIDE OCCURRENCE IN THE
BARATARIA BAY-MISSISSIPPI DELTA ...1.0152
PESTICIDE MONITORING OF AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT,
MICHIGAN PORTION OF THE GREAT LAKES BASIN
...1.0163
OCCURRENCE OF PESTICIDES IN AQUATIC ENVIRON-
MENTS ...1.0219
PESTICIDES RESEARCH ...1.0232
PESTICIDE CONTAMINATION OF ENVIRONMENT ...1.0250
EFFECTS OF PARATHION AND MALATHION ON WARM-
WATER FISH PONDS ...1.0283
THE FATE AND EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES IN THE AQUATIC
ENVIRONMENT OF THE FLATHEAD LAKE DRAINAGE
AREA . .1.0297
PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN OR ON RAW AGRICULTURAL COM-
MODITIES ...1.0306
THE CHEMISTRY AND TOXICOLOGY OF AGRICULTURAL
CHEMICALS ...1.0322
INVESTIGATION OF MEANS FOR CONTROLLED SELF-
DESTRUCTION OF PESTICIDES ...1.0323
PESTICIDES AND WILDLIFE ...1.0324
SELECTED PESTICIDES VS. WILDLIFE IN AQUATIC EN-
VIRONMENTS ...1.0325
PESTICIDE MONITORING PROGRAM LAKE MICHIGAN AND
TRIBUTARIES IN ILLINOIS ...1.0328
FATE OF AQUATIC HERBICIDES IN THE AQUATIC EN-
VIRONMENT ...1.0329
THE FATE OF SELECT PESTICIDES IN THE AQUATIC EN-
VIRONMENT ...1.0330
DISTRIBUTION AND METABOLIC FATE OF INDUSTRIAL
POLLUTANTS AND PESTICIDES IN A MODEL AQUATIC
ECOSYSTEM ...1.0333
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS OF PESTICIDE USAGE
...1.0334
IMPACT OF PESTICIDES UPON SEMI-WILD ECOSYSTEMS
...1.0335
STUDY OF CHRONIC TOXICITY OF LINDANE TO SELECTED
FRESHWATER FISHES AND FOOD CHAIN ORGANISMS
...1.0337
MECHANISMS OF PESTICIDE ACCUMULATION IN AQUATIC
ORGANISMS ...1.0338
ECOLOGY OF PESTICIDES IN AN AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM
...1.0339
FARM FISH POND MANAGEMENT ...1.0340
AN EVALUATION OF WIDELY USED HERBICIDES ON
AQUATIC PLANTS, FISH AND FISH-FOOD ORGANISMS
...1.0343
SELECTED PESTICIDES IN AQUATIC FUNGI IN THE THREE
RIVERS AREA ...1.0345
TOXICITY HAZARD OF POLYCHOLORINATED BIPHENYLS
TO AQUATIC LIFE ...1.0347
INTERACTION BETWEEN MICROORGANISMS AND PESTI-
CIDES ...1.0351
BIODEGRADATION OF PESTICIDES IN A FRESHWATER
ECOSYSTEM - INTERACTION BETWEEN MICROORGAN-
ISMS AND PESTICIDES ...1.0352
STUDIES ON THE UPTAKE AND TRANSLOCATION OF C14-
LABELED DDT AND ALDRIN IN INVERTEBRATE POPULA-
TIONS, FY 1970 ...1.0354
PREVENTION OF PESTICIDE POLLUTION FROM COASTAL
INSECT CONTROL PROGRAMS ...1.0358
TOXICOLOGY OF PESTICIDES IN THE ENVIRONMENT
...1.0360
ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY OF PESTICIDES ...1.0361
PHARMACOLOGICAL AND ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF
PESTICIDES ...1.0362
CHEMICAL BIOCIDES IN LAKES ...1.0364
INSECTICIDES AND EGG-SHELL DEPOSITION ...1.0368
BIOLOGICAL FACTORS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF LAKE
FLIES ...2.0088
CHEMICAL CONTROL OF WEEDS IN PONDS ...2.0093
WEED CONTROL IN RICE PRODUCTION ...2.0097
MASS REARING OF MARISA CORNUARIETIS FOR BIOLOGI-
CAL CONTROL OF AQUATIC WEEDS IN EMPERATE
WATERS ...2.0124
INVESTIGATION OF AQUATIC WEED PROBLEMS AND
MEANS OF CONTROL, WITH EMPHASIS ON BRAZILIAN
WATERWEED ...2.0167
Food Contamination
THE CHEMISTRY AND TOXICOLOGY OF AGRICULTURAL
CHEMICALS ...1.0322
TRACE LEVELS OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN AGRICUL-
TURAL COMMODITIES IN MARKETING CHANNELS
...1.0344
Food Preparation
TRACE LEVELS OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN AGRICUL-
TURAL COMMODITIES IN MARKETING CHANNELS
...1.0344
Food Quality
Chemical Analysis of Food
QUALITY FACTORS OF LAKE MICHIGAN COHO SALMON
FLESH ...1.0259
TRACE LEVELS OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN AGRICUL-
TURAL COMMODITIES IN MARKETING CHANNELS
...1.0344
2-66
-------
SUBJECT INDEX
Food Cooked Quality
QUALITY FACTORS OF LAKE MICHIGAN COHO SALMON
FLESH ...1.0259
TRACE LEVELS OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN AGRICUL-
TURAL COMMODITIES IN MARKETING CHANNELS
...1.0344
Organoleptic Studies
Aroma
QUALITY FACTORS OF LAKE MICHIGAN COHO SALMON
FLESH ...1.0259
Flavor & Taste
QUALITY FACTORS OF LAKE MICHIGAN COHO SALMON
FLESH ...1.02S9
Texture & Tenderness
QUALITY FACTORS OF LAKE MICHIGAN COHO SALMON
FLESH ...1.0259
Shelf Life and Storage
QUALITY FACTORS OF LAKE MICHIGAN COHO SALMON
FLESH ...1.0259
VERTEBRATE DISEASES - VIRAL DISEASES OF FRESH-
WATER FISHES AND OTHER LOWER VERTEBRATES
EGTVED VIRUS ...3.0104
Food Spoilage
TRACE LEVELS OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN AGRICUL-
TURAL COMMODITIES IN MARKETING CHANNELS
...1.0344
VERTEBRATE DISEASES - VIRAL DISEASES OF FRESH-
WATER FISHES AND OTHER LOWER VERTEBRATES
EGTVED VIRUS ...3.0104
Forage Grasses
QUANTIFICATION OF POLLUTANTS IN AGRICULTURAL RU-
NOFF ...1.0204
STUDIES IN SOILS, CROPS, WATER MANAGEMENT AND
WEED CONTROL UNDER IRRIGATED CONDITIONS
...2.0159
Forecasting - Prediction
A STUDY OF ALGAL POPULATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH DIF-
FERENT LEVELS OF WATER QUALITY IN NEW
HAMPSHIRE ...4.0018
Foreign Agriculture
EFFICIENCY AND HAZARDS OF RESIDUAL HERBICIDES IN
SOILS UNDER IRRIGATION. ...1.0010
POPULATION GENETICS AND RADIOGENETICS IN
MOSQUITOES ...2.0038
MOSQUITO AND HOUSEFLY CONTROL WITH CHEMOSTERI-
LANTS IN EGYPT ...2.0085
SEARCH FOR AND IMPORTATION OF INSECT ENEMIES OF
AQUATIC WEEDS ...2.0095
THE USE OF NUTRIA, WATER BOWL AND GRASS CARP FOR
THE CONTROL OF SUBMERGENT PLANTS ...2.0130
NATURAL ENEMIES OF WITCHWEED, NUTSEDGE, AND
SEVERAL AQUATIC WEEDS IN INDIA ...2.0135
NATURAL ENEMIES OF EURASIAN WATERMILFOIL IN
PAKISTAN ...2.0173
METHODS FOR CONTROLLING ALLIGATORWEED AND
OTHER WEEDS IN CANALS, WATERWAYS, AND AD-
JACENT WATERS IN THE SOUTHEASTERN U. S. ...2.0186
NATURAL ENEMIES OF MYRIOPHYLLUM SPICATUM IN YU-
GOSLAVIA ...2.0188
BIONOMICS AND CONTROL OF ASIAN MOSQUITOES
...4.0058
INTER-DISCIPLINARY RESEARCH IN THE AREA OF THE
KANO PLAINS, WESTERN KENYA ...4.0059
RESEARCH ON ARTHROPOD-BORNE DISEASES - I ...4.0070
Formulation -physical
Forestry
RESPROUTING OF CHAPARRAL .1.0017
AN EVALUATION OF THE INSECTICIDE 'SEVIN' AS A
WATERSHED POLLUTANT ...1.0067
ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLING
IN ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS ...1.0068
BEHAVIOR OF CHEMICALS INTRODUCED INTO THE
FOREST ENVIRONMENT AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE
ECOSYSTEM ...1.0083
FISH PRODUCTION AND GAME MANAGEMENT ON THE
IDLEWILD PLANTATION ...2.0142
Formaldehyde
INVESTIGATION OF HANDLING TECHNIQUES ...3.0111
BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES IN FISH DISEASES - THE STRESS
OF FORMALIN TREATMENTS IN SALMONID FISHES
...3.0124
Formulation -physical
VOLATILIZATION LOSSES OF PESTICIDES FROM SOILS
...1.0016
CONSTRUCTION OF PESTICIDES DEGRADABLE BY NOR-
MAL MICROFLORA OF NATURAL WATERS AND SOILS
...1.0331
CONTROL OF COMMON HOUSEFLY ...2.0005
THE EFFICACY AND PERSISTENCE OF FORMULATIONS OF
ANTIMYCIN ...2.0244
METHOD OF KILLING ONCOMELANIA & AQUATIC SNAIL
VECTORS OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS ...2.0285
Aerosols - Smokes, Fogs, Stem
BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF INSECT CONTROL AGENTS
..2.0050
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF ARTHROPOD PESTS OF
LIVESTOCK ...2.0057
NEW OR IMPROVED TECHNIQUES FOR SAFE CHEMICAL
CONTROL OF ECTOPARASITES OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS
...2.0077
Baits, Lures
SYNTHETIC INSECT CONTROL AGENTS, GAINESVILLE
...2.0028
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF SNAILS ...2.0268
•A METHOD OF DESTROYING ONCOMELANIA-THE SNAIL
VECTOR OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS' ...2.0284
METHOD OF KILLING ONCOMELANIA & AQUATIC SNAIL
VECTORS OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS ...2.0285
DEVELOPMENT OF A TOXIC BAIT ...2.0286
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF TERRESTIAL MOLLUSKS
...2.0289
THE CONTROL OF SLUGS ...2.0294
Carriers—non-liquid
THE EFFICACY OF NEW FORMULATIONS OF ANTIMYCIN IN
NATURAL LAKES AND STREAMS ...2.0246
Concentrates
AERIAL DISPERSAL METHODS FOR CONCENTRATED IN-
SECTICIDES ...2.0009
CONTROL OF UNDESIRABLE AQUATIC VEGETATION IN
LAKE TANEYCOMO, MISSOURI ...2.0154
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF SNAILS ...2.0268
Dusts
ECOLOGY AND CONTROL OF CERTAIN PARASITIC DIP-
TERA ...2.0001
RELATION OF APPLICATION METHODS, CONCENTRATION,
AND VOLUME OF INSECTICIDE TO CATTLE INSECT CON-
TROL ...2.0039
BIOLOGY ECOLOGY AND CONTROL OF INSECTS TICKS
AND MITES WHICH ATTACK LIVESTOCK, POULTRY AND
HOUSEHOLD ...2.0040
2-67
-------
Formulation -physical
SUBJECT INDEX
ABUNDANCE, DISTRIBUTION AND CONTROL OF MISCEL-
LANEOUS INSECTS, AFFECTING LIVESTOCK ...2.0056
INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS ...2.0081
EFFECT OF BITING FLIES ON WEIGHT GAINS IN CATTLE
...2.0090
Emulsifiers
AROMATIC SOLVENT AQUATIC HERBICIDES AND EMULSI-
FYING AGENT TESTING ...2.0107
Granules, Capsules
WATER YIELD IN THE CHAPARRAL AND WOODLAND
ZONE OF THE SOUTHWEST ...1.0005
DEVELOPMENT OF A TECHNIQUE FOR THE CONTROLLED
SELF-DESTRUCTION OF FIELD-APPLIED DDT ...1.0014
ALTERING PERSISTENCE AND MOVEMENT OF HERBICIDES
IN SOIL, WATER, AND PLANTS ...1.0106
COMPARATIVE EFFECTS OF WEED COMPETITION, HERBI-
CIDES AND OTHER WEED CONTROL PRACTICES ON
PLANT RESPONSE ...1.0145
CONTROL OF COMMON HOUSEFLY ...2.0005
NEW INSECTICIDES & TECHNIQUES FOR PEST CONTROL
...2.0016
CONTROL OF AQUATIC WEEDS ...2.0113
CHEMICAL CONTROL OF DITCHBANK WEEDS IN PEAT AND
SANDY SOIL AREAS OF SOUTH FLORIDA ...2.0114
THE PHYSIOLOGY AND CHEMICAL CONTROL OF AQUATIC
WEEDS IN THE SOUTHEAST ...2.0118
THE EFFICACY OF NEW FORMULATIONS OF ANTIMYCIN IN
NATURAL LAKES AND STREAMS ...2.0246
'A METHOD OF DESTROYING ONCOMELANIA-THE SNAIL
VECTOR OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS' ...2.0284
Impregnated Materials-products
NEW OR IMPROVED TECHNIQUES FOR SAFE CHEMICAL
CONTROL OF ECTOPARASITES OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS
...2.0077
INVESTIGATIONS OF ALGAE INHIBITING MATERIALS
..2.0106
MARINE PILING ANALYSIS ...2.0296
Liquids or Sprays
BEHAVIOR OF SPECIFIC HERBICIDES IN PLANTS AND SOILS
1.0091
ALTERING PERSISTENCE AND MOVEMENT OF HERBICIDES
IN SOIL, WATER, AND PLANTS ...1.0106
COMPARATIVE EFFECTS OF WEED COMPETITION, HERBI-
CIDES AND OTHER WEED CONTROL PRACTICES ON
PLANT RESPONSE 1.0145
NEW INSECTICIDES & TECHNIQUES FOR PEST CONTROL
...2.0016
MALARIA ERADICATION RESEARCH ...2.0051
TESTING OF METHODS OF HERBICIDE APPLICATION
...2.0126
Low Volume
COMPARATIVE EFFECTS OF WEED COMPETITION, HERBI-
CIDES AND OTHER WEED CONTROL PRACTICES ON
PLANT RESPONSE ...1.0145
AERIAL DISPERSAL METHODS FOR CONCENTRATED IN-
SECTICIDES ...2.0009
RELATION OF APPLICATION METHODS, CONCENTRATION,
AND VOLUME OF INSECTICIDE TO CATTLE INSECT CON-
TROL ...2.0039
COORDINATION OF MOSQUITO CONTROL IN NEW JERSEY
...2.0061
ARTHROPODS OF MEDICAL AND VETERINARY
PORTANCE ...4.0031
IM-
Solids
THE EFFICACY OF NEW FORMULATIONS OF ANTIMYCIN IN
NATURAL LAKES AND STREAMS ...2.0246
Solvents or Carriers
MOVEMENT AND ADSORPTION OF PESTICIDES IN STERIL-
IZED SOIL COLUMNS ...1.0028
AROMATIC SOLVENT AQUATIC HERBICIDES AND EMULSI-
FYING AGENT TESTING ...2.0107
Surfactants - Wetting Agents
MOVEMENT AND ADSORPTION OF PESTICIDES IN STERIL.
IZED SOIL COLUMNS ...1.0028
DEVELOPMENT OF TILLAGE-REPLACING HERBICIDE
SYSTEMS ...1.0196
Wettable Powders
COMPARATIVE EFFECTS OF WEED COMPETITION, HERBI-
CIDES AND OTHER WEED CONTROL PRACTICES ON
PLANT RESPONSE ...1.0145
DEVELOPMENT OF ACCURATE CHEMICAL INTRODUCTION
TECHNIQUES ...2.0223
France
PATHOLOGY - EPIZOOTIOLOGY ...3.0113
Fungal Physiology
Environment
MODE OF ACTION, TOXICITY, AND FACTORS INFLUENC-
ING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF FUNGICIDES ...1.0082
Growth and Differentiation
MODE OF ACTION, TOXICITY, AND FACTORS INFLUENC-
ING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF FUNGICIDES ...1.0082
CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION OF BIOLOGICALLY IMPOR-
TANT NATURAL PRODUCTS ...2.0265
Metabolism
MODE OF ACTION, TOXICITY, AND FACTORS INFLUENC-
ING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF FUNGICIDES ...1.0082
SELECTED PESTICIDES IN AQUATIC FUNGI IN THE THREE
RIVERS AREA ...1.0345
MODE OF ACTION OF A NEW FUNGAL PATHOGEN OF
MOSQUITOES ...2.0070
Pathological Physiology
MODE OF ACTION OF A NEW FUNGAL PATHOGEN OF
MOSQUITOES ...2.0070
POTENTIAL OF COELOMOMYCES FOR CONTROLLING
MOSQUITOES ...2.0071
Virulence
NATURAL ENEMIES OF MYRIOPHYLLUM SPICATUM IN YU-
GOSLAVIA ...2.0188
Fungi
AQUATIC MYXOBACTERIA, CHONDROCOCCUS COLUM-
NARIS AND OTHER FISH PATHOGENS ...3.0126
Alternaria
NATURAL ENEMIES OF WITCHWEED, NUTSEDGE, AND
SEVERAL AQUATIC WEEDS IN INDIA ...2.0135
Aspergillus
TO CHARACTERIZE PATHOGENS OF MOSQUITOES ...2.0007
IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MOSQUITO
PATHOGENS ...2.0020
Ceratocystis
CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION OF BIOLOGICALLY IMPOR-
TANT NATURAL PRODUCTS ...2.0265
Cercospora
NATURAL ENEMIES OF WITCHWEED, NUTSEDGE, AND
SEVERAL AQUATIC WEEDS IN INDIA ...2.0135
2-68
-------
SUBJECT INDEX
Genetics
Coelomomyces
CULTIVATION OF COELOMOMYCES, A FUNGAL PARASITE
OF MOSQUITOES ...2.0031
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF MOSQUITOES, SAND FLIES,
AND GNATS OF U.S. COAST ...2.0043
POTENTIAL OF COELOMOMYCES FOR CONTROLLING
MOSQUITOES ...2.0071
STUDIES ON SOME FUNGAL PARASITES OF MOSQUITOES
...2.0072
Dermocystidium
TESTING OF STOCKS OF OYSTERS FOR DISEASE RE-
SISTANCE ...3.0077
Endothia
MODE OF ACTION, TOXICITY, AND FACTORS INFLUENC-
ING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF FUNGICIDES . .1.0082
Entomophthora
BIOLOGY OF MICROORGANISMS OF MOSQUITOES ...2.0022
Fungi -nonspecific
TO CHARACTERIZE PATHOGENS OF MOSQUITOES ...2.0007
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF INSECTS AFFECTING MAN
...2.0027
INSECT RESISTANCE TO, AND THE GENETIC MECHANISM
OF CHEMICAL CONTROL AGENTS ...2.0029
FACTORS AFFECTING THE ROLE OF MICROORGANISMS IN
THE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF INSECT PESTS ...2.0053
ACTION MECHANISMS OF INSECTICIDAL DERIVATIVES
...2.0089
REPRODUCTION & FUNGAL PARASITES AFFECTING
REPRODUCTION IN LOBSTER, HUMARUS AMERICANNA,
& BLUE CRAB CALLINECTES SAPIDUS, IN N.C. WATERS
...3.01 IS
Fusarium
MODE OF ACTION, TOXICJTY, AND FACTORS INFLUENC-
ING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF FUNGICIDES ...1.0082
PESTICIDE DETOXICATION MECHANISMS OF MICROOR-
GANISMS IN SOIL AND WATER .1.0087
SOILS, PESTICIDES AND THE QUALITY OF WATER ...1.0105
NATURAL ENEMIES OF MYRIOPHYLLUM SPICATUM IN YU-
GOSLAVIA ...2.0188
Lenzites
ACTION MECHANISMS OF INSECTICIDAL DERIVATIVES
...2.0089
Metarrhizium
MODE OF ACTION OF A NEW FUNGAL PATHOGEN OF
MOSQUITOES ...2.0070
Plant Pathogenetic Fungi
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF WATER WEEDS WITH PLANT
PATHOGENS ...2.0121
Saprolegniaceae
SELECTED PESTICIDES IN AQUATIC FUNGI IN THE THREE
RIVERS AREA ...1.0345
Yeasts -nonspecific
FEEDING HABITS OF MOSQUITO LARVAE ...4.0034
Gantrisin
Gaging
POLLUTION LOADS IN RUNOFF FROM SMALL AGRICUL-
TURAL WATERSHEDS ...1.0154
Gameteocides
STATIC BIOASSAY OF REPRODUCTIVE CONTROLS AGAINST
FISH AND INVERTEBRATES ...2.0256
CHEMOTHERAPY OF FISH DISEASES . .3.0127
Gases, Dissolved -water
PROPERTIES OF TILE DRAINAGE WATER ...1.0045
ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY OF SAN FRANCISCO BAY
WATERS AND SEDIMENTS ...1.0120
QUALITY OF STORM WATER DRAINAGE FROM URBAN
LAND AREAS IN NORTH CAROLINA ...1.0187
RESEARCH STUDY ON THE EFFECTS OF POLLUTION ON
SUB-TROPICAL FISH AND CRUSTACEANS ...1.0237
CONTROL OF BLACK FUES AND MOSQUITOES IN MAINE
...2.0046
CHEMICAL CONTROL OF AQUATIC WEED NUISANCES
...2.0185
PISCICIDE TOXICOLOGY OF THE CYPRINIDS IN EAST AND
WEST PAULINA LAKES ...2.0228
EVALUATE FISH TOXICANTS (SUNSET LAKE SEGMENT)
...2.0229
EVALUATE FISH TOXICANT (ANTIMYCIN) (EAGLE LAKE
SEGMENT) ...2.0230
COOPERATIVE FISH PARASITE AND DISEASE STUDY
...3.0015
ETIOLOGY OF ESTUARINE FISH DISEASES ...3.0040
MASS MORTALITY OF OYSTERS ALONG THE OREGON
COAST ...3.0060
MASS MORTALITY OF PACIFIC OYSTERS ALONG THE
WASHINGTON COAST ...3.0082
EFFECT OF SUPERSATURATION OF DISSOLVED NITROGEN
ON MIGRATING SALMONIDS ...3.0083
CORRELATE NITROGEN GAS CONTENT OF WATER SUP-
PLIES WITH DISEASE ...3.0088
THE EFFECT OF POLLUTION ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF LPP
PHYCO-VIRUSES IN RELATION TO POLLUTION OF THE
CHRISTINA RIVER . .4.0004
WATER QUALITY REQUIREMENTS OF AQUATIC INSECTS
...4.0066
POST-IMPROVEMENT LIMNOLOGICAL-ANALYSES AND
FISH-POPULATION EVALUATIONS OF CERTAIN STRIP-
MINE LAKES IN SOUTHEAST KANSAS ...4.0078
REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY AND EARLY LIFE HISTORY OF
CYPRINIDS IN EAST AND PAULINA LAKES ...4.0083
Genetics
Chromosomal Inversion
RADIATION CYTOGENETICS OF THE YELLOW-FEVER
MOSQUITO, AEDES AEGYPTI ...2.0036
GENETIC STUDIES ON THE CONTROL OF ARBOVIRUS VEC-
TORS ...2.0048
Chromosomal Translocation
GENETIC CONTROL OF ANOPHELINES USING TRANSLOCA-
TIONS ...2.0034
RADIATION CYTOGENETICS OF THE YELLOW-FEVER
MOSQUITO, AEDES AEGYPTI ...2.0036
POPULATION GENETICS AND RADIOGENETICS IN
MOSQUITOES ...2.0038
GENETIC STUDIES ON THE CONTROL OF ARBOVIRUS VEC-
TORS ...2.0048
Chromosome Mapping
GENETICS AND REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY OF AEDES
MOSQUITOES ...4.0055
Chromosome Markers
SUPPLYING GENETIC MARKER AND INCOMPATIBLE
STRAINS OFCULEX PIPIENS ...2.0012
POPULATION GENETICS AND RADIOGENETICS IN
MOSQUITOES ...2.0038
THE BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF THE SNAIL INTER-
MEDIATE HOST OF SCHISTOSOMES ...2.0276
GENETICS AND REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY OF AEDES
MOSQUITOES ..4.0055
2-69
-------
Genetics
SUBJECT INDEX
Crossbreeding Techniques
GENETIC CONTROL OF ANOPHELINES USING TRANSLOCA-
TIONS ...2.0034
INTERSPECIFIC COMPETITION AMONG MOSQUITOES
...2.0047
BIOLOGY, GENETICS, AND PHYSIOLOGY OF DISEASE VEC-
TORS ...4.0061
Cytoplasmic Inheritance
CYTOPLASMIC INCOMPATIBILITY FOR FILARIASIS CON-
TROL ...2.0013
CYTOPLASMIC INHERITANCE AND CONTROL OF CULEX
PIPIENS ...2.0041
Disease and Anomalies
SUSCEPTIBILITY OF OTHER SPECIES OF CATFISHES TO CCV
AND THEIR POSSIBLE ROLE AS CARRIERS .3.0007
Genotypes
GENETIC CONTROL OF ANOPHELINES USING TRANSLOCA-
TIONS ...2.0034
Incompatibility
CYTOPLASMIC INCOMPATIBILITY FOR FILARIASIS CON-
TROL ...2.0013
CYTOPLASMIC INHERITANCE AND CONTROL OF CULEX
PIPIENS ...2.0041
GENETIC STUDIES ON THE CONTROL OF ARBOVIRUS VEC-
TORS ...2.0048
Karyotypes
THE BIOASSAY OF WATER POLLUTANTS WITH CULTURED
MAMMALIAN CELLS ...1.0200
POPULATION GENETICS AND RADIOGENETICS IN
MOSQUITOES ...2.0038
Meiosis
GENETIC CONTROL OF ANOPHELINES USING TRANSLOCA-
TIONS ...2.0034
GENETIC STUDIES ON THE CONTROL OF ARBOVIRUS VEC-
TORS ...2.0048
GENETICS AND REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY OF AEDES
MOSQUITOES ...4.0055
Mitosis
GENETIC CONTROL OF ANOPHELINES USING TRANSLOCA-
TIONS ...2.0034
Mutation
Lethal Mutation
GENETIC STUDIES ON THE CONTROL OF ARBOVIRUS VEC-
TORS ...2.0048
GENETICS AND REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY OF AEDES
MOSQUITOES ...4.0055
Mutagenesis
RADIATION CYTOGENETICS OF THE YELLOW-FEVER
MOSQUITO, AEDES AEGYPTI ...2.0036
GENETICS AND REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY OF AEDES
MOSQUITOES ...4.0055
Somatic Mutation
POPULATION GENETICS AND RADIOGENETICS IN
MOSQUITOES ...2.0038
Spontaneous Mutation
POPULATION GENETICS AND RADIOGENETICS IN
MOSQUITOES ...2.0038
Natural Resistance
EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE IN
THE MOSQUITOFISH, GAMBUSIA AFFINIS ...1.0249
STUDIES ON INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE IN MOSQUITOES
...2.0017
INSECT RESISTANCE TO, AND THE GENETIC MECHANISM
OF CHEMICAL CONTROL AGENTS ...2.0029
THE BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF ARTHROPODS AFFECT-
ING MAN AND ANIMALS ...2.0078
THE EFFECTS OF ANTIMYCIN A ON THE METABOLISM OF
SELECTED TISSUES IN FISH (ABBREV) ...2.0262
TESTING OF STOCKS OF OYSTERS FOR DISEASE RE-
SISTANCE ...3.0077
ACQUIRED VS. GENETIC RESISTANCE IN OYSTERS ...3.0678
DISEASE-RESISTANT OYSTERS ...3.0114
BLUETONGUE TRANSMISSION BY SAND FLIES AND
MOSQUITOES ...4.0045
GENETICS AND REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY OF AEDES
MOSQUITOES ...4.005S
Phenotypes
GENETIC STUDIES ON THE CONTROL OF ARBOVIRUS VEC-
TORS ...2.0048
BIOLOGY, GENETICS, AND PHYSIOLOGY OF DISEASE VEC-
TORS ...4.0061
Polytene Chromosomes
POPULATION GENETICS AND RADIOGENETICS IN
MOSQUITOES ...2.0038
Population Genetics
POPULATION GENETICS AND RADIOGENETICS IN
MOSQUITOES ...2.0038
THERMAL STRESS AND POLYMORPHISM OF MOSQUITOES
...4.0052
RESEARCH ON ARTHROPOD-BORNE DISEASES - I ...4.0070
Selection & Breeding
EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE IN
THE MOSQUITOFISH, GAMBUSIA AFFINIS ...1.0249
STUDIES ON INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE IN MOSQUITOES
...2.0017
CYTOPLASMIC INHERITANCE AND CONTROL OF CULEX
PIPIENS ...2.0041
RELATIVE RESISTANCE OF SELECTIVELY BRED BROOK
AND BROWN TROUT FINGERLINGS TO FURUNCULOSIS
...3.0041
RELATIVE RESISTANCE OF SELECTIVELY BRED BROOK
AND BROWN TROUT YEARLINGS TO FURUNCULOSIS
...3.0042
FIELD TESTING OF SELECTIVELY BRED STRAINS OF
BROOK AND BROWN TROUT UNDER PRODUCTION
HATCHERY CONDITIONS ...3.0043
AQUICULTURE, OYSTER HATCHERIES - RESEARCH ...3.0118
Recombination
Linkage
POPULATION GENETICS AND RADIOGENETICS IN
MOSQUITOES ...2.0038
GENETICS AND REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY OF AEDES
MOSQUITOES ...4.0055
Recombination -other
BIOLOGY, GENETICS, AND PHYSIOLOGY OF DISEASE VEC-
TORS ...4.0061
Sex Linkage
RADIATION CYTOGENETICS OF THE YELLOW-FEVER
MOSQUITO, AEDES AEGYPTI ...2.0036
Sex Reversal
THERMAL STRESS AND POLYMORPHISM OF MOSQUITOES
...4.0052
Sterility -genetic
CYTOPLASMIC INHERITANCE AND CONTROL OF CULEX
PIPIENS ...2.0041
Geographic Factors
CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC CONTROL OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS BY
HORMONES ...2.0266
ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPORTANCE OF FILARIASIS IN
THAILAND ...4.0072
2-70
-------
SUBJECT INDEX
Geomorophology
Great Lakes
ROW LENGTH, GRADE AND DRAINAGE REQUIREMENTS OF
CROPS ...1.0049
CONTROL OF PESTICIDES IN SOIL AND WATER ...1.0054
GREEN BAY RESEARCH PROGRAM ...1.0112
SEA LAMPREY CONTROL - LAKE HURON CHEMICAL CON-
TROL ...2.0204
INTERACTIONS BETWEEN AQUATIC PLANTS AND SEWAGE
EFFLUENT ...4.0001
INTER-DISCIPLINARY RESEARCH IN THE AREA OF THE
KANO PLAINS, WESTERN KENYA ...4.0059
Georgia
TOXAPHENE CONTAMINATION
...1.0139
MALARIA ERADICATION RESEARCH ...2.0051
ESTUARINE ECOLOGY
Geraniol
CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC CONTROL OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS BY
HORMONES ...2.0266
Gibberellin
GROWTH REGULATORS AND MINERAL NUTRITION IN
AQUATIC PLANT CONTROL ...2.0134
Glaciology
DDT IN SNOW FALLEN AT HIGH ALTITUDE SINCE 1950
...1.0214
Glass
PHYSIOLOGY, BIOCHEMISTRY AND CONTROL OF AQUATIC
WEEDS, CHEMISTRY OF HERBICIDES ...2.0105
Goitrogens
DEVELOPMENT OF METHODS FOR COMMERCIAL PRODUC-
TION OF FROG LEGS FROM TADPOLES OF THE BULL-
FROG ...3.0028
Gravity
PHYSIOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR OF LARVAE (PHYSIOECOLO-
GY OF SHELLFISH PROGRAM) ...1.0236
Grazing
EFFECTS OF VEGETATIVE COVERS UPON RUNOFF FROM
PRINCIPAL SOILS OF WESTERN NORTH CAROLINA
...1.0074
Great Lakes
GREAT LAKES PESTICIDE MONITORING PROGRAM, INDI-
ANA ...1.0147
MONITORING OF PESTICIDE LEVELS IN THE GREAT LAKES
...1.0160
PESTICIDE MONITORING OF AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT,
MICHIGAN PORTION OF THE GREAT LAKES BASIN
...1.0163
PESTICIDE MONITORING OF AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT,
MICHIGAN PORTION OF THE GREAT LAKES BASIN
...1.0164
FISHERY RESOURCES PROGRAM ...1.0317
SEA LAMPREY CONTROL - AGE AND GROWTH STUDIES
...2.0206
REESTABLISHMENT STUDIES
SEA LAMPREY CONTROL
...2.0207
SEA LAMPREY CONTROL - ASSESSMENT METHODS ...2.0208
BIOLOGY OF THE LARVAL SEA LAMPREY ...2.0210
Lake Erie
CHEMICAL AND SEDIMENT MOVEMENT FROM AGRICUL-
TURAL LAND INTO LAKE ERIE ...1.0191
CHEMICAL AND SEDIMENT MOVEMENT FROM AGRICUL-
TURAL LAND INTO LAKE ERIE ...1.0192
PESTICIDES MOVEMENT FROM CROPLAND INTO LAKE
ERIE ...1.0193
PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN OR ON RAW AGRICULTURAL COM-
MODITIES ...1.0306
TRIBUTARY SURVEY OF LAKES ONTARIO AND ERIE
...2.0220
INFLUENCE OF SUSPENDED MICROSCOPIC SUBSTANCES
ON THE METABOLISM OF MICROORGANISMS RESPONSI-
BLE FOR BIOLOGICAL ENRICHMENT OF WATER ...4.0027
Lake Huron
SEA LAMPREY CONTROL LAKE HURON CHEMICAL CON-
TROL ...2.0204
LAKE HURON CHEMICAL CONTROL ...2.0209
Lake Michigan
GREEN BAY RESEARCH PROGRAM ...1.0112
PESTICIDE MONITORING PROGRAM LAKE MICHIGAN
...1.0143
WATERSHED ANALYSIS RELATING TO EUTROPHICATION
OF LAKE MICHIGAN ...1.0162
PESTICIDES INPUTS AND LEVELS IN MINNESOTA WATERS
OF LAKE SUPERIOR BASIN ...1.0166
EVALUATION OF PESTICIDE SOURCES AND LEVELS TRIBU-
TARY TO LAKES MICHIGAN AND SUPERIOR ...1.0221
TERMINAL RESIDUES OF CHLORINATED HYDROCARBON
PESTICIDES IN LAKE MICHIGAN AND ASSOCIATED
TRIBUTARIES ...1.0222
CHLORINATED ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS IN THE MIL-
WAUKEE RIVER ...1.0226
RATES OF PESTICIDE BUILDUP IN SALMONIDS RECENTLY
INTRODUCED IN THE GREAT LAKES ...1.0256
QUALITY FACTORS OF LAKE MICHIGAN COHO SALMON
FLESH ...1.0259
BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN
FISH ...1.0261
MAGNITUDE AND NATURE OF POLYCHLORINATED
BIPHENYLS IN COHO SALMON ...1.0262
PESTICIDE MONITORING PROGRAM LAKE MICHIGAN AND
TRIBUTARIES IN ILLINOIS ...1.0328
PESTICIDE LEVELS IN BIRDS WINTERING ON LAKE
MICHIGAN ...1.0367
INSECTICIDES AND EGG-SHELL DEPOSITION ...1.0368
ASSESSMENT OF LAKE TROUT RESTORATION IN MICHIGAN
WATERS OF LAKE MICHIGAN, 1969-70 ...2.0202
SEA LAMPREY CONTROL LAKE MICHIGAN CHEMICAL
CONTROL ...2.0203
ASSESSMENT OF LAKE TROUT AND ASSOCIATED SPECIES
IN LAKES MICHIGAN AND SUPERIOR ...2.0264
MUCUS & FRESHWATER OSMOREGULATION IN
ANADROMOUS FISHES & RELATIONSHIPS TO MORTALI-
TIES IN THE ALEWIFE ...3.0106
Lake Ontario
TRIBUTARY SURVEY OF LAKES ONTARIO AND ERIE
...2.0220
PLANNING FOR CREATION OF SALMONID FISHERIES IN
LAKE ONTARIO ...2.0221
PRE-LAMPREY CONTROL INVENTORY OF FISH STOCKS
...2.0222
LAKE ONTARIO INTERIM COMPREHENSIVE FISHERIES
MANAGEMENT PLAN ...4.0082
Lake Superior
PESTICIDES INPUTS AND LEVELS IN MINNESOTA WATERS
OF LAKE SUPERIOR BASIN ...1.0166
2-71
-------
Great Lakes
SUBJECT INDEX
PRESTIC1DE INPUTS AND LEVELS IN MINNESOTA WATERS
OF THE LAKE SUPERIOR BASIN ...1.0167
EVALUATION OF PESTICIDE SOURCES AND LEVELS TRIBU-
TARY TO LAKES MICHIGAN AND SUPERIOR ...1.0221
RATES OF PESTICIDE BUILDUP IN SALMONIDS RECENTLY
INTRODUCED IN THE GREAT LAKES ...1.0256
BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN
FISH ...1.0261
LAKE SUPERIOR CHEMICAL CONTROL OF SEA LAMPREY
...2.0205
LAKE SUPERIOR COMMERCIAL FISHERIES ASSESSMENT
STUDIES ...2.0212
POPULATION DYNAMICS - LAKE TROUT ...2.0235
ASSESSMENT OF LAKE TROUT AND ASSOCIATED SPECIES
IN LAKES MICHIGAN AND SUPERIOR ..2.0264
LAKE SUPERIOR PERIPHYTON IN RELATION TO WATER
QUALITY ...4.0017
Greece
THE USE OF NUTRIA, WATER BOWL AND GRASS CARP FOR
THE CONTROL OF SUBMERGENT PLANTS ...2.0130
Groundwater
SORPTION AND MOVEMENT OF POLLUTED WATER IN SOIL
...1.0012
PESTICIDE MOBILITY AND DEGRADATION IN SOIL-WATER
SYSTEMS ...1.0013
BEHAVIOR OF POLLUTANTS IN WATER ...1.0022
POLLUTION EFFECTS ON GROUND WATER RECHARGE IN
HAWAII ...1.0036
EFFECT OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES AND OTHER ORGANO-
TOXICANTS ON THE QUALITY OF SURFACE AND
GROUNDWATER RESOURCES ...1.0041
SOILS, PESTICIDES AND THE QUALITY OF WATER ...1.0065
SOIL AND WATER MANAGEMENT FOR SALINITY CONTROL
PHASE II ...1.0066
MOVEMENT OF HERBICIDES OFF, INTO AND THROUGH
SOILS ...1.0071
SOIL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND SOIL WATER MOVE-
MENT ...1.0072
FATE OF POLLUTANTS IN GROUND WATER ...1.0079
EFFECT OF AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS ON THE QUALITY
OF GROUND AND SURFACE WATERS ...1.0080
FATES OF AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS IN SOILS ...1.0092
PRINCIPLES, FACILITIES AND SYSTEMS FOR GROUND
WATER RECHARGE--SOUTHERN PLAINS ...1.0094
MOVEMENT OF INSECTICIDES IN SOIL AND WATER ...1.0098
MOVEMENT OF HERBICIDES IN SOIL, SURFACE WATER
AND UNDERGROUND WATER ...1.0099
EFFECT OF USING RUNOFF WATER IN RECHARGE WELLS-
HIGH PLAINS AREA ...1.0100
CONTAMINATION OF SURFACE AND GROUND WATER
WITH INSECTICIDES AND HERBICIDES APPLIED TO CUL-
TIVATED CROPS ...1.0189
INVESTIGATION OF RICE IRRIGATION RETURN FLOWS
TEXAS COASTAL PRAIRIE REGION ...1.0209
NUTRIENT CONTROL PROJECT DETROIT LAKES, MIN-
NESOTA ...4.0015
Growth Retardation of Plants
GROWTH REGULATORS AND MINERAL NUTRITION IN
AQUATIC PLANT CONTROL ...2.0134
Halogens
Gums -nonspecific
ALLEVIATION OF LAKE POLLUTION BY UTILIZATION OF
AQUATIC PLANTS FOR NUTRITIONAL, MEDICINAL OR IN-
DUSTRIAL PURPOSES ...2.0152
CONSTRUCTION OF PESTICIDES DEGRADABLE BY NOR.
MAL MICROFLORA OF NATURAL WATERS AND SOILS
...1.0331
Bromine
EFFECTS OF CHEMICAL IMPURITIES IN WATER DISINFEC-
TION BY HALOGENS ...1.0155
Chloric
DEVELOPMENT OF TREATMENT PROCESS FOR
CHLORINATED HYDROCARBON PESTICIDE MANUFAC-
TURING AND PROCESSING WASTES ...1.0118
ORGANIC SUBSTANCES IN WATER ...1.0119
ADSORPTION OF PESTICIDES FROM SEA WATER ...1.0159
Chlorine
PESTICIDES IN SOILS AND WATERS OF THE SOUTHERN
PIEDMONT ...1.0033
BEHAVIOR OF SPECIFIC HERBICIDES IN PLANTS AND SOILS
...1.0081
CONTROL OF HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL SPILLS BY PHYSI-
CAL BARRIERS ...1.0086
ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR PESTICIDES AND PESTICIDE
DEGRADATION PRODUCTS ...1.0088
EFFECTS OF CHEMICAL IMPURITIES IN WATER DISINFEC-
TION BY HALOGENS ...1.0155
PESTICIDE EFFECTS ON FISH ENDOCRINE FUNCTIONS
...1.0269
SERUM ANALYSIS OF CUTTHROAT TROUT EXPOSED
CHRONICALLY TO METHOXYCHLOR PESTICIDE EFFECTS
ON FISH ENDOCRINE FUNCTIONS ...1.0273
TIME-CONCENTRATION TESTS INVOLVING NEUTRALIZA-
TION OF ROTENONE WITH POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE
..2.0224
Iodine
EFFECTS OF CHEMICAL IMPURITIES IN WATER DISINFEC-
TION BY HALOGENS ...1.0155
Hawaii
POLLUTION EFFECTS ON GROUND WATER RECHARGE IN
HAWAII ...1.0036
Heating & Ventilation
THE USE OF FLAME FOR CONTROLLING WEEDS AND
BRUSH ...2.0136
Hemorrhagic Disorders
VERTEBRATE DISEASES - VIRAL DISEASES OF FRESH-
WATER FISHES AND OTHER LOWER VERTEBRATES
EGTVED VIRUS ...3.0104
Hexanes
PESTICIDE MOBILITY AND DEGRADATION IN SOIL-WATER
SYSTEMS ...1.0013
History of Pesticide Usage
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SEDIMENTS
...1.0170
CHARACTERISTICS AND POLLUTIONAL PROBLEMS OF
PESTICIDE MANUFACTURING WASTES ...1.0210
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE USE OF AGRICUL-
TURAL CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS AND THEIR
RESIDUES IN CHANNEL CATFISH 1.0298
2-72
-------
SUBJECT INDEX
Hormones
RESPROUTING OF CHAPARRAL ...1.0017
ACTION MECHANISMS OF INSECTICIDAL DERIVATIVES
...2.0089
STATIC BIOASSAY OF REPRODUCTIVE CONTROLS AGAINST
FISH AND INVERTEBRATES ...2.0256
Arthropod Hormones
CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC CONTROL OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS BY
HORMONES 2.0266
Auxin
RESPROUTING OF CHAPARRAL ...1.0017
Gonadotrophins -nonspecific
EFFECTS ON THE SPERMIATION RESPONSE OF GOLDFISH
AFTER EXPOSURE TO SELECTED PESTICIDES ...1.0270
Hydrocortisone
PESTICIDE EFFECTS ON FISH ENDOCRINE FUNCTIONS
...1.0269
EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION ON FISH DIS-
EASES - EFFECT OF HEAT STRESS ON DISEASE RE-
SISTANCE MECHANISMS IN SALMONID FISHES ...3.0089
Plant Hormones -general
CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC CONTROL OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS BY
HORMONES ...2.0266
Horticulture
NUTRIENT AND WATER INPUTS AND OUTGO FROM THE
ORGANIC AND MINERAL SOILS IN THE LAKE APOPKA
AREA ...1.0027
WEED CONTROL IN CITR1CULTURE ...2.0123
THE INFLUENCE OF HERBICIDES USED ON HORTICUL-
TURAL CROPS ON STREAM ECOLOGY ...2.0150
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF TERRESTIAL MOLLUSKS
...2.0289
Humidity
MOVEMENT OF CHLORINATED HYDROCARBON INSECTI-
CIDES IN SOILS ...1.0011
MODE OF ACTION OF A NEW FUNGAL PATHOGEN OF
MOSQUITOES ...2.0070
DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY OF PENNSYLVANIA SALA-
MANDERS ...2.0080
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF TERRESTRIAL MOLLUSCS
...2.0281
DYNAMICS, BEHAVIOR AND IMPACT OF ECONOMIC IN-
SECTS ...4.0053
Hydrocarbons
IMPACT ON MAN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION
CAUSED BY LEAD ...1.0123
ENZYMES FOR ANALYSIS AND PURIFICATION OF SALINE
WATER SYSTEMS ...1.0153
INVESTIGATIONS OF ALGAE INHIBITING MATERIALS
...2.0106
Hydrogen
LIFE CYCLES OF ROTTBELLIA EXALTATA AND AM-
PHIBROMUS SCABRIVALVIS AND DEVELOPMENT OF
CONTROL MEASURES ...4.0010
Industrial Wastes
Hydrology -general
EFFECTS OF VEGETATIVE COVERS UPON RUNOFF FROM
PRINCIPAL SOILS OF WESTERN NORTH CAROLINA
...1.0074
RESEARCH IN LIMNOLOGY - INTERRELATIONS OF
HYDROLOGY AND AQUATIC ECOLOGY ...4.0002
INTER-DISCIPLINARY RESEARCH IN THE AREA OF THE
KANO PLAINS, WESTERN KENYA ...4.0059
Hydrolysis
RESEARCH INITIATION - FATE OF SELECTED OR-
GANOPHOSPHATE AND CARBAMATE INSECTICIDES IN
SURFACE WATERS ...1.0146
Illinois
PESTICIDE MONITORING PROGRAM LAKE MICHIGAN AND
TRIBUTARIES IN ILLINOIS ...1.0328
ILLINOIS LAWS AFFECTING AGRICULTURE ...1.0332
Immunity
CYTOLOGY OF VIRAL NEOPLASMS OF FISH ...3.0045
JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS ON GUAM ...4.0062
Immunoelectrophoresis
THERMAL STRESS AND POLYMORPHISM OF MOSQUITOES
...4.0052
India
NATURAL ENEMIES OF WITCHWEED, NUTSEDGE, AND
SEVERAL AQUATIC WEEDS IN INDIA ...2.0135
Indiana
BIOLOGICAL AND LIMNOLOGICAL INVENTORY OF SEVEN
FLOOD CONTROL RESERVOIRS IN THE STATE OF INDI-
ANA ...2.0199
Industrial Wastes
Chemical Manufacturing Wastes
CHARACTERISTICS AND POLLUTIONAL PROBLEMS OF
PESTICIDE MANUFACTURING WASTES ...1.0093
DEVELOPMENT OF TREATMENT PROCESS FOR
CHLORINATED HYDROCARBON PESTICIDE MANUFAC-
TURING AND PROCESSING WASTES ...1.0118
DEEPWATER PILOT PLANT-ENGINEERING AND INTERCEP-
TOR FEASIBILITY ...1.0183
DEEPWATER PILOT PLANT ENGINEERING AND INTERCEP-
TOR FEASIBILITY STUDY ...1.0184
CHARACTERISTICS AND POLLUTIONAL PROBLEMS OF
PESTICIDE MANUFACTURING WASTES ...1.0210
Disposal Wastes
CHARACTERISTICS AND POLLUTIONAL PROBLEMS
PESTICIDE MANUFACTURING WASTES ...1.0093
OF
Dye Wastes
DEEPWATER PILOT PLANT-ENGINEERING AND INTERCEP-
TOR FEASIBILITY ...1.0183
DEEPWATER PILOT PLANT ENGINEERING AND INTERCEP-
TOR FEASIBILITY STUDY ...1.0184
Metal Processing Wastes
DEEPWATER PILOT PLANT ENGINEERING AND INTERCEP-
TOR FEASIBILITY STUDY ...1.0184
2-73
-------
Industrial Wastes
Organic Wastes
SUBJECT INDEX
DEEPWATER PILOT PLANT-ENGINEERING AND INTERCEP-
TOR FEASIBILITY ...1.0183
Treatment
CHARACTERISTICS AND POLLUTIONAL PROBLEMS OF
PESTICIDE MANUFACTURING WASTES ...1.0093
DEVELOPMENT OF TREATMENT PROCESS FOR
CHLORINATED HYDROCARBON PESTICIDE MANUFAC-
TURING AND PROCESSING WASTES ...1.0118
DEEPWATER PILOT PLANT-ENGINEERING AND INTERCEP-
TOR FEASIBILITY ...1.0183
Industries
CHARACTERISTICS AND POLLUTIONAL PROBLEMS OF
PESTICIDE MANUFACTURING WASTES ...1.0210
Chemical Industry
CHARACTERISTICS AND POLLUTIONAL PROBLEMS OF
PESTICIDE MANUFACTURING WASTES ...1.0093
Pulp, Paper , and Logging
TOXICITY OF POLLUTANTS TO STRIPED BASS ...1.0251
Slaughter Houses & Proc Plants
ILLINOIS LAWS AFFECTING AGRICULTURE ...1.0332
Infiltration
PESTICIDE MOBILITY AND DEGRADATION IN SOIL-WATER
SYSTEMS ...1.0013
BEHAVIOR OF POLLUTANTS IN WATER ...1.0022
POLLUTION EFFECTS ON GROUND WATER RECHARGE IN
HAWAII ...1.0036
SOILS. PESTICIDES AND THE QUALITY OF WATER ...1.0065
PESTICIDE MOBILITY AND DEGRADATION IN SOIL-WATER
SYSTEMS ...1.0085
PRINCIPLES, FACILITIES AND SYSTEMS FOR GROUND
WATER RECHARGE-SOUTHERN PLAINS ...1.0094
SOILS, PESTICIDES AND THE QUALITY OF WATER ...1.0105
Inflow
NUTRIENT & WATER INPUTS & OUTGO FROM THE OR-
GANIC & MINERAL SOILS IN THE LAKE APOPKA AREA
...1.0029
Information Systems
Abstracting
PROVIDE A CONTINUOUS SURVEY OF THE LITERATURE
ON STORM AND COMBINED SEWERS ...1.0199
Data & Statistics Info Storage
WATERSHED ANALYSIS RELATING TO EUTROPHICATION
OF LAKE MICHIGAN ...1.0162
EVALUATION OF PESTICIDE SOURCES AND LEVELS TRIBU-
TARY TO LAKES MICHIGAN AND SUPERIOR ...1.0221
Document & Literature Info
PROVIDE A CONTINUOUS SURVEY OF THE LITERATURE
ON STORM AND COMBINED SEWERS ...1.0199
Indexing
PROVIDE A CONTINUOUS SURVEY OF THE LITERATURE
ON STORM AND COMBINED SEWERS ...1.0199
Insects
Anoplura
ABUNDANCE, DISTRIBUTION AND CONTROL OF MISCEL-
LANEOUS INSECTS, AFFECTING LIVESTOCK ...2.0056
THE BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF ARTHROPODS AFFECT-
ING MAN AND ANIMALS ...2.0078
Coleoptera
CLASSIFICATION, BIONOMICS, ECOLOGY CONTROL OF
FOREST INSECTS (OTHER THAN SCOLYTIDAE) IN CAL
...1.0321
ECOLOGY AND CONTROL OF CERTAIN PARASITIC DIP-
TERA ...2.0001
BIOLOGICAL AND SYSTEMATIC STUDIES ON AQUATIC
ARTHROPODS ...2.0054
Bruchidae
ENTOMOLOGICAL PESTS OF VEGETABLE CROPS ...2.0288
Chrysomelidae
MODE OF ACTION OF INSECTICIDES AS RELATED TO IN-
SECT METABOLISM AND BEHAVIOR ...1.0266
EMERGENCY INSECT CONTROL MEASURES FOR ALASKA
...2.0002
FACTORS AFFECTING THE ROLE OF MICROORGANISMS IN
THE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF INSECT PESTS ...2.0053
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF WEEDS ...2.0099
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF WEEDS ...2.0102
SOUTHEASTERN BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF WEEDS IN-
VESTIGATIONS ...2.0120
THE PHYSIOLOGY AND CHEMICAL CONTROL OF AQUATIC
WEEDS IN THE SOUTHEAST ...2.0129
NATURAL ENEMIES OF WITCHWEED, NUTSEDGE, AND
SEVERAL AQUATIC WEEDS IN INDIA ...2.0135
DYNAMICS, BEHAVIOR AND IMPACT OF ECONOMIC IN-
SECTS ...4.0053
Cocdnellidae
EMERGENCY INSECT CONTROL ...2.0076
Cucujidae
STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIPS AND MODE OF AC-
TION OF INSECTICIDE SYNERGISTS ...2.0067
Curculionidae
PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN PLANTS, ANIMALS, SOILS, AND
WATER ...1.0075
CLASSIFICATION, BIONOMICS, ECOLOGY CONTROL OF
FOREST INSECTS (OTHER THAN SCOLYTIDAE) IN CAL.
...1.0321
INSECT SURVEY OF MONTANA ...1.0058
SEARCH FOR AND IMPORTATION OF INSECT ENEMIES OF
AQUATIC WEEDS ...2.0095
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF WEEDS ...2.0099
NATURAL ENEMIES OF WITCHWEED, NUTSEDGE, AND
SEVERAL AQUATIC WEEDS IN INDIA ...2.0135
INSECTS ON FOREIGN AQUATIC WEEDS IN LOUISIANA
...2.0144
NATURAL ENEMIES OF MYRIOPHYLLUM SPICATUM IN YU-
GOSLAVIA ...2.0188
DYNAMICS, BEHAVIOR AND IMPACT OF ECONOMIC IN-
SECTS ...4.0053
Scolytidae
FACTORS AFFECTING THE ROLE OF MICROORGANISMS IN
THE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF INSECT PESTS ...2.0053
Staphylinidae
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF ARTHROPOD PESTS OF
LIVESTOCK ...2.0057
INSECT SURVEY OF MONTANA ...2.0058
INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS ...2.0081
Tenebrionidae
MODE OF ACTION OF INSECTICIDES AS RELATED TO IN-
SECT METABOLISM AND BEHAVIOR ...1.0266
EMERGENCY INSECT CONTROL MEASURES FOR ALASKA
...2.0002
SUSCEPTIBILITY OF INSECTS TO INSECTICIDES ...2.0055
Collembola
EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON NON-TARGET ORGANISMS
...1.0341
EMERGENCY INSECT CONTROL MEASURES FOR ALASKA
...2.0002
2-74
-------
SUBJECT INDEX
Insects
Dermaptera
EMERGENCY INSECT CONTROL MEASURES FOR ALASKA
...2.0002
Diptera
WATER QUALITY REQUIREMENTS OF AQUATIC INSECTS
...4.0066
Aedes
EFFECT OF MOSQUITO CONTROL CHEMICALS ON
AQUATIC FAUNA ...2.0003
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF MOSQUITOES IN CENTRAL AND
NORTHERN CALIFORNIA ...2.0006
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF PASTURE MOSQUITOES
...2.0008
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF MOSQUITOES IN IRRIGATED
AND WATER MANAGEMENT AREAS ...2.0011
SUPPRESSION AND ECOLOGY OF MOSQUITOES ...2.0018
MOSQUITO PATHOGENS AS POTENTIAL CONTROL AGENTS
...2.0019
BIOLOGY OF MICROORGANISMS OF MOSQUITOES ...2.0022
DEVELOPMENT AND BEHAVIOR OF BITING DIPTERA
...2.0023
INSECTICIDE AND NON-CHEMICAL CONTROL OF
MOSQUITOES ...2.0025
INSECT RESISTANCE TO, AND THE GENETIC MECHANISM
OF CHEMICAL CONTROL AGENTS ...2.0029
INSECT ATTRACTANTS, BEHAVIOR AND BASIC BIOLOGY
...2.0030
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF MOSQUITOES, SAND FLIES,
AND GNATS FOR PUBLIC AND MILITARY PROGRAMS
2.0033
RADIATION CYTOGENETICS OF THE YELLOW-FEVER
MOSQUITO, AEDES AEGYPTI ...2.0036
BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY OF SALT-MARSH MOSQUITOES
OF LOUISIANA ...2.0042
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF MOSQUITOES, SAND FLIES,
AND GNATS OF U.S. COAST ...2.0043
CONTROL OF BLACK FLIES AND MOSQUITOES IN MAINE
...2.0046
INTERSPECIFIC COMPETITION AMONG MOSQUITOES
...2.0047
GENETIC STUDIES ON THE CONTROL OF ARBOVIRUS VEC-
TORS ...2.0048
MALARIA ERADICATION RESEARCH ...2.0051
SUSCEPTIBILITY OF INSECTS TO INSECTICIDES ...2,0055
MOSQUITO INVESTIGATIONS RESEARCH AND DEVELOP-
MENT ...2.0060
STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIPS AND MODE OF AC-
TION OF INSECTICIDE SYNERGISTS ...2.0067
EFFECTS OF MOSQUITO CONTROL DITCHING ON HIGH
SALT MARSHES IN NORTH CAROLINA, PHASE 1 ...2.0073
EFFECTS OF MOSQUITO CONTROL DITCHING ON HIGH
SALT MARSHES IN NORTH CAROLINA ...2.0075
THE BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF ARTHROPODS AFFECT-
ING MAN AND ANIMALS ...2.0078
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF MOSQUITOES, SAND FLIES,
AND GNATS OF WESTERN U.S. ...2.0079
DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY OF PENNSYLVANIA SALA-
MANDERS ...2.0080
EFFECT OF CONTROLLING SALT-MARSH MOSQUITOES
...2.0082
INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND DOMESTIC ANIMALS
...2.0087
DEVELOPMENT OF CULTURE METHODS FOR MOSQUITOES
...4.0035
CULTIVATION OF INSECT PHASE OF AVIAN PLASMODIA
...4.0036
MOSQUITOES OF MIDDLE AMERICA ...4.0037
ECOLOGY OF MOSQUITOES OF ARID SOUTHEASTERN
CALIFORNIA ...4.0039
(U) REPELLENCY AND ATTRACTIVENESS OF MAN TO
MOSQUITO BITES ...4.0040
THERMAL STRESS AND POLYMORPHISM OF MOSQUITOES
...4.0052
DYNAMICS, BEHAVIOR AND IMPACT OF ECONOMIC IN-
SECTS ...4.0053
GENETICS AND REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY OF AEDES
MOSQUITOES ...4.0055
ARTHROPOD-BORNE VIRUS (ARBOVIRUS) ACTIVITY IN
MAJOR MOSQUITO VECTORS IN IOWA ...4.0057
BIOLOGY, GENETICS, AND PHYSIOLOGY OF DISEASE VEC-
TORS ...4.0061
BIONOMICS OF MARYLAND MOSQUITOES ...4.0063
MOSQUITOES AS VECTORS OF LIVESTOCK DISEASES
...4.0065
RESEARCH ON ARTHROPOD-BORNE DISEASES -1 ...4.0070
ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPORTANCE OF FILARIASIS IN
THAILAND ...4.0072
CALIFORNIA ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS IN WISCONSIN ...4.0075
Anopheles
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF MOSQUITOES IN CENTRAL AND
NORTHERN CALIFORNIA ...2.0006
STUDIES ON INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE IN MOSQUITOES
...2.0017
INSECTICIDE AND NON-CHEMICAL CONTROL OF
MOSQUITOES ...2.0025
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF INSECTS AFFECTING MAN
...2.0027
GENETIC CONTROL OF ANOPHELINES USING TRANSLOCA-
TIONS ...2.0034
POPULATION GENETICS AND RADIOGENETICS IN
MOSQUITOES ...2.0038
BIOLOGY AND WATER MANAGEMENT STUDIES FOR CON-
TROL OF LOUISIANA MOSQUITOES (RICE FIELDS)
...2.0044
STUDIES ON SOME FUNGAL PARASITES OF MOSQUITOES
...2.0072
MOSQUITO AND HOUSEFLY CONTROL WITH CHEMOSTER1-
LANTS IN EGYPT ...2.0085
MOSQUITOES OF MIDDLE AMERICA ...4.0037
ECOLOGY OF MOSQUITOES OF ARID SOUTHEASTERN
CALIFORNIA ...4.0039
BASIC STUDIES ON THE BEHAVIOR AND PHYSIOLOGY OF
INSECTS THAT AFFECT MAN ...4.0047
BIONOMICS AND CONTROL OF ASIAN MOSQUITOES -
...4.0058
BIONOMICS OF MARYLAND MOSQUITOES ...4.0063
MOSQUITOES AS VECTORS OF LIVESTOCK DISEASES
...4.0065
Anthomyiidac
EMERGENCY INSECT CONTROL MEASURES FOR ALASKA
...2.0002
ENTOMOLOGICAL PESTS OF VEGETABLE CROPS ..2.0288
Calliphoridae
INSECTS AFFECTING MAN ..2.0068
Cecidomyiidae
STUDY OF CHRONIC TOXICITY OF LINDANE TO SELECTED
FRESHWATER FISHES AND FOOD CHAIN ORGANISMS
...1.0337
Ceratopogonidae
INSECT RESISTANCE TO, AND THE GENETIC MECHANISM
OF CHEMICAL CONTROL AGENTS ...2.0029
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF ARTHROPOD PESTS OF
LIVESTOCK ...2.0057
INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS ...2.0081
INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND DOMESTIC ANIMALS
...2.0087
OCCURRENCE AND BIONOMICS OF BLOODSUCKING
MIDGES (DIPTERA: CERATOPOGONIDAE) IN IOWA
...4.0056
Chironomidae
STUDY OF CHRONIC TOXICITY OF PARATHION TO
SELECTED FRESHWATER FISHES AND FOOD CHAIN OR-
GANISMS ...1.0357
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF MIDGES, GNATS AND
MOSQUITOES ...2.0014
BIOLOGICAL AND SYSTEMATIC STUDIES ON AQUATIC
ARTHROPODS ...2.0054
NATURAL ENEMIES OF MYR1OPHYLLUM SP1CATUM IN YU-
GOSLAVIA ...2.0188
2-75
445-868 O - 72 - 16
-------
Insects
SUBJECT INDEX
Chloropidae
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF MOSQUITOES, SAND FLIES,
AND GNATS FOR PUBLIC AND MILITARY PROGRAMS
...2.0033
INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS ...2.0081
A STUDY IN INSECT TRANSMISSION OF ANAPLASMOSIS
...4.0064
Culex
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF MOSQUITOES IN CENTRAL AND
NORTHERN CALIFORNIA ...2.0006
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF PASTURE MOSQUITOES
...2.0008
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF MOSQUITOES IN IRRIGATED
AND WATER MANAGEMENT AREAS ...2.0011
SUPPLYING GENETIC MARKER AND INCOMPATIBLE
STRAINS OF CULEX PIPIENS ...2.0012
CYTOPLASMIC INCOMPATIBILITY FOR FILARIASIS CON-
TROL ...2.0013
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF MIDGES, GNATS AND
MOSQUITOES ...2.0014
STUDIES ON INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE IN MOSQUITOES
...1.0017
SUPPRESSION AND ECOLOGY OF MOSQUITOES ...2.0018
IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MOSQUITO
PATHOGENS ..2.0020
INSECTICIDE AND NON-CHEMICAL CONTROL OF
MOSQUITOES ...2.0025
INVESTIGATIONS OF THE ACTION OF CHEMOSTERILANTS
ON HOUSEFLIES AND OTHER MEDICALLY IMPORTANT
ARTHROPODS ...2.0026
INSECT RESISTANCE TO, AND THE GENETIC MECHANISM
OF CHEMICAL CONTROL AGENTS ...2.0029
CONTROL OF CULEX NIGRIPALPUS BY STERILITY
METHODS ...2.0032
GENETIC CONTROL OF ANOPHEL1NES USING TRANSLOCA-
TIONS ...2.0034
CYTOPLASMIC INHERITANCE AND CONTROL OF CULEX
PIPIENS ...2.0041
BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY OF SALT-MARSH MOSQUITOES
OF LOUISIANA ...2.0042
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF MOSQUITOES, SAND FLIES,
AND GNATS OF U.S. COAST ...2.0043
BIOLOGY AND WATER MANAGEMENT STUDIES FOR CON-
TROL OF LOUISIANA MOSQUITOES (RICE FIELDS)
...2.0044
GENETIC STUDIES ON THE CONTROL OF ARBOVIRUS VEC-
TORS ...2.0048
MOSQUITOES IN RELATION TO AGRICULTURAL PRODUC-
TION AND VETERINARY SCIENCE ...2.0062
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF MOSQUITOES, SAND FLIES,
AND GNATS OF WESTERN U.S. ...2.0079
ARBOVIRUS STUDIES-HOUSTON AND THE TEXAS GULF
COAST ...2.0083
MOSQUITO AND HOUSEFLY CONTROL WITH CHEMOSTERI-
LANTS IN EGYPT ...2.0085
ARTHROPODS OF MEDICAL AND VETERINARY IM-
PORTANCE ...4.0031
THE NUTRITION AND BEHAVIOR OF MOSQUITOES ...4.0033
FEEDING HABITS OF MOSQUITO LARVAE ...4.0034
DEVELOPMENT OF CULTURE METHODS FOR MOSQUITOES
...4.0035
CULTIVATION OF INSECT PHASE OF AVIAN PLASMODIA
...4.0036
ECOLOGY OF MOSQUITOES OF ARID SOUTHEASTERN
CALIFORNIA ...4.0039
ATTRACTIVENESS AND REPELLENCY OF MAN TO
MOSQUITO BITES ...4.0041
ECOLOGY AND CONTROL OF DISEASE VECTORS AND
RESERVOIRS ...4.0046
POPULATION DYNAMICS OF MOSQUITOES IN FLORIDA
...4.0048
BIONOMICS OF SELECTED NORTH AMERICAN CULICINE
MOSQUITOES ...4.0054
ARTHROPOD-BORNE VIRUS (ARBOVIRUS) ACTIVITY IN
MAJOR MOSQUITO VECTORS IN IOWA ...4.0057
BIONOMICS AND CONTROL OF ASIAN MOSQUITOES -
...4.0058
INTER-DISCIPLINARY RESEARCH IN THE AREA OF THE
KANO PLAINS, WESTERN KENYA ...4.0059
JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS ON GUAM ...4.0062
Culiddae -other
FACTORS INFLUENCING INSECTICIDE RESIDUES IN FOOD
FORAGE AND OIL CROPS, AND SOIL ...1.0077
CLASSIFICATION, BIONOMICS, ECOLOGY CONTROL OF
FOREST INSECTS (OTHER THAN SCOLYTIDAE) IN CAL
...1.0321
ECOLOGICAL STUDIES OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT PRAC-
TICES ...1.0327
THE FATE OF SELECT PESTICIDES IN THE AQUATIC EN-
VIRONMENT ...1.0330
STUDIES ON THE UPTAKE AND TRANSLOCATION OF C14-
LABELED DDT AND ALDRJJM IN INVERTEBRATE POPULA-
TIONS, FY 1970 ...1.0354
ECOLOGY AND CONTROL OF CERTAIN PARASITIC DIP-
TERA ...2.0001
EMERGENCY INSECT CONTROL MEASURES FOR ALASKA
..2.0002
BIOLOGY OF PEST MOSQUITOES, AND CONTROL THROUGH
COMMUNITY ACTION ...2.0004
CONTROL OF COMMON HOUSEFLY ...2.0005
TO CHARACTERIZE PATHOGENS OF MOSQUITOES ...2.0007
AERIAL DISPERSAL METHODS FOR CONCENTRATED IN-
SECTICIDES ...2.0009
INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS: DISEASES TO
MAN OR ANIMALS ...2.0010
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF MIDGES, GNATS AND
MOSQUITOES ...2.0014
EVALUATION OF NEW INSECTICIDES ...2.0015
NEW INSECTICIDES & TECHNIQUES FOR PEST CONTROL
...2.0016
INVESTIGATIONS OF PHEROMONES AS CHEMOSTERILANTS
FOR INSECTS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO SYNTHETIC
QUEN SUBSTANCE AND ITS ANALOGUES ...2.0021
CULTIVATION OF COELOMOMYCES, A FUNGAL PARASITE
OF MOSQUITOES ...2.0031
VIRAL PATHOGENS ...2.0035
FACTORS AFFECTING ROLE OF MICROORGANISMS IN
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF INSECT PESTS ...2.0037
RELATION OF APPLICATION METHODS, CONCENTRATION,
AND VOLUME OF INSECTICIDE TO CATTLE INSECT CON-
TROL ...2.0039
BIOLOGY ECOLOGY AND CONTROL OF INSECTS TICKS
AND MITES WHICH ATTACK LIVESTOCK, POULTRY AND
HOUSEHOLD ...2.0040
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF MOSQUITOES, SAND FLIES,
AND GNATS OF U.S. COAST ...2.0043
EFFECT OF PREDATORS AND PARASITES ON MOSQUITO
BREEDING IN LOUISIANA ...2.0045
INSECT CHEMOSTERILANTS ...2.0049
BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF INSECT CONTROL AGENTS
...2.0050
BIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL FACTORS INFLUENCING
THE DEVELOPMENT OF LARVAL MOSQUITO POPULA-
TIONS ...2.0052
FACTORS AFFECTING THE ROLE OF MICROORGANISMS IN
THE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF INSECT PESTS ...2.0053
ABUNDANCE, DISTRIBUTION AND CONTROL OF MISCEL-
LANEOUS INSECTS, AFFECTING LIVESTOCK ...2.0056
INSECT SURVEY OF MONTANA ...2.0058
SURVEY OF INSECT PROBLEMS IN MONTANA ...2.0059
COORDINATION OF MOSQUITO CONTROL IN NEW JERSEY
...2.0061
MOSQUITOES IN RELATION TO AGRICULTURAL PRODUC-
TION AND VETERINARY SCIENCE ...2.0062
MOSQUITO CONTROL - TIDAL MARSHES ...2.0063
WATER MANAGEMENT IN MOSQUITO IMPOUNDMENTS
...2.0064
MOSQUITO CONTROL IN UPLAND SWAMPS ...2.0065
CONTROLLING MOSQUITOES ON HAYING MEADOWS
...2.0066
INSECTS AFFECTING MAN ...2.0068
LEGAL REPRESENTATION OF CITIZEN'S INTERESTS IN EN-
VIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ...2.0069
2-76
-------
SUBJECT INDEX
Insects
MODE OF ACTION OF A NEW FUNGAL PATHOGEN OF
MOSQUITOES ...2.0070
POTENTIAL OF COELOMOMYCES FOR CONTROLLING
MOSQUITOES ...2.0071
THE CONTROL OF MOSQUITOES OF MILITARY IM-
PORTANCE AND THE PREVENTION OF MOSQUITO-BORNE
DISEASES ...2.0074
EMERGENCY INSECT CONTROL ...2.0076
NEW OR IMPROVED TECHNIQUES FOR SAFE CHEMICAL
CONTROL OF ECTOPARASITES OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS
...2.0077
THE BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF ARTHROPODS AFFECT-
ING MAN AND ANIMALS ...2.0078
INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS ...2.0081
SUSCEPTIBILITY OR RESISTANCE OF MEDICALLY IMPOR-
TANT INSECTS TO INSECTICIDES ON SELECTED AIR
FORCE BASES ...2.0084
SELECTIVE TOXICITY BY OPTICALLY ACTIVE
PHOSPHONOTHIONATE PESTICIDES ...2.0086
INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND DOMESTIC ANIMALS
...2.0087
ACTION MECHANISMS OF INSECTICIDAL DERIVATIVES
...2.0089
EFFECT OF BITING FLIES ON WEIGHT GAINS IN CATTLE
...2.0090
TRANSMISSION OF ANAPLASMOSIS ...4.0032
MOSQUITOES OF MIDDLE AMERICA ...4.0037
MOSQUITOES OF MIDDLE AMERICA ...4.0038
ECOLOGY OF MOSQUITOES OF ARID SOUTHEASTERN
CALIFORNIA ...4.0039
PUBLICATION OF BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MEDICAL EN-
TOMOLOGY ...4.0042
BIOLOGICAL STUDIES OF CUL1COIDES AND THEIR CON-
TROL IN THE CANAL ZONE ...4.0043
BLUETONGUE TRANSMISSION BY SAND FLIES AND
MOSQUITOES ...4.0045
ECOLOGY AND CONTROL OF DISEASE VECTORS AND
RESERVOIRS ...4.0046
COMPARISONS BETWEEN ARTHROPOD AND VERTEBRATE
METABOLISM ...4.0049
MOSQUITOES OF THE NEW GUINEA AREA ...4.0050
DEVELOPMENT OF AN ORALLY EFFECTIVE INSECT REPEL-
LENT ...4.0051
MOSQUITOES OF MALAYSIA ...4.0060
BIONOMICS OF MARYLAND MOSQUITOES ...4.0063
A STUDY IN INSECT TRANSMISSION OF ANAPLASMOSIS
...4.0064
MOSQUITOES AS VECTORS OF LIVESTOCK DISEASES
...4.0065
INSECTS AS VECTORS OF DISEASES OF MILITARY IM-
PORTANCE IN ETHIOPIA THEIR ECOLOGY AND CONTROL
...4.0067
ENTOMOLOGY DEVELOPMENT OF A LIGHTWEIGHT TRAP
FOR COLLECTION OF MOSQUITOES FOR VIRUS ISOLA-
TION ...4.0071
CuliseU
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF MOSQUITOES IN CENTRAL AND
NORTHERN CALIFORNIA ...2.0006
MOSQUITO INVESTIGATIONS RESEARCH AND DEVELOP-
MENT ...2.0060
ECOLOGY OF MOSQUITOES OF ARID SOUTHEASTERN
CALIFORNIA ...4.0039
BIONOMICS OF MARYLAND MOSQUITOES ...4.0063
PHOTOPERIOD AND TEMPERATURE EFFECTS ON
DIAPAUSE OF THE MOSQUITO CULISETA INORNATA
...4.0074
Diptera Hither
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF MOSQUITOES, SAND FLIES,
AND GNATS OF U.S. COAST ...2.0043
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF MOSQUITOES, SAND FLIES,
AND GNATS OF WESTERN U.S. ...2.0079 ,
AQUATIC & SEMI-AQUATIC DIPTERA STUDIES ...4.0073
Muscidae
ECOLOGY AND CONTROL OF CERTAIN PARASITIC DIP-
TERA ...2.0001
CONTROL OF COMMON HOUSEFLY ...2.0005
EVALUATION OF NEW INSECTICIDES ...2.0015
INVESTIGATIONS OF THE ACTION OF CHEMOSTERILANTS
ON HOUSEFLIES AND OTHER MEDICALLY IMPORTANT
ARTHROPODS ...2.0026
INSECT RESISTANCE TO, AND THE GENETIC MECHANISM
OF CHEMICAL CONTROL AGENTS ...2.0029
INSECT ATTRACTANTS, BEHAVIOR AND BASIC BIOLOGY
...2.0030
RELATION OF APPLICATION METHODS, CONCENTRATION,
AND VOLUME OF INSECTICIDE TO CATTLE INSECT CON-
TROL ...2.0039
BIOLOGY ECOLOGY AND CONTROL OF INSECTS TICKS
AND MITES WHICH ATTACK LIVESTOCK, POULTRY AND
HOUSEHOLD ...2.0040
BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF INSECT CONTROL AGENTS
...2.0050
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF ARTHROPOD PESTS OF
LIVESTOCK ...2.0057
INSECT SURVEY OF MONTANA ...2.0058
INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS ...2.0081
MOSQUITO AND HOUSEFLY CONTROL WITH CHEMOSTERI-
LANTS IN EGYPT ...2.0085
INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND DOMESTIC ANIMALS
...2.0087
EFFECT OF BITING FLIES ON WEIGHT GAINS IN CATTLE
...2.0090
TRANSMISSION OF ANAPLASMOSIS ...4.0032
BASIC STUDIES ON THE BEHAVIOR AND PHYSIOLOGY OF
INSECTS THAT AFFECT MAN ...4.0047
DYNAMICS, BEHAVIOR AND IMPACT OF ECONOMIC IN-
SECTS ...4.0053
A STUDY IN INSECT TRANSMISSION OF ANAPLASMOSIS
...4.0064
Oestridae
ECOLOGY AND CONTROL OF CERTAIN PARASITIC DIP-
TERA ...2.0001
INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS ...2.0081
Psychodidae
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF MOSQUITOES, SAND FLIES,
AND GNATS FOR PUBLIC AND MILITARY PROGRAMS
...2.0033
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF MOSQUITOES, SAND FLIES,
AND GNATS OF U.S. COAST ...2.0043
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF MOSQUITOES, SAND FLIES,
AND GNATS OF WESTERN U.S. ...2.0079
BLUETONGUE TRANSMISSION BY SAND FLIES AND
MOSQUITOES ...4.0045
Sciomyzidae
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF SNAILS AND SLUGS ...2.0269
BIOLOGICAL STUDIES OF MALACOPHAGOUS DIPTERA
...2.0282
EUROPEAN SCIOMYZIDAE ...2.0283
STUDY THE BIOLOGY OF A GROUP OF SNAIL-KILLING
FLIES ...2.0287
AQUATIC & SEMI-AQUATIC DIPTERA STUDIES ...4.0073
Simuliidae
BIOCHEMICAL ECOLOGICAL RELATIONSHIPS OF PESTI-
CIDES AND THE BIO-CONSTITUENTS OF AQUATIC COM-
MUNITIES ...1.0342
CONTROL OF BLACK FLIES AND MOSQUITOES IN MAINE
...2.0046
MOSQUITOES IN RELATION TO AGRICULTURAL PRODUC-
TION AND VETERINARY SCIENCE ...2.0062
STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIPS AND MODE OF AC-
TION OF INSECTICIDE SYNERGISTS ...2.0067
INSECTS AFFECTING MAN ...2.0068
INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS ...2.0081
INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND DOMESTIC ANIMALS
...2.0087
ECOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF THE DEVELOPMENT AND
FEEDING HABITS OF SIMULIUM SPP. (BLACK FLIES)
...4.0069
Syrphidae
EMERGENCY INSECT CONTROL ...2.0076
2-77
-------
Insects
SUBJECT INDEX
Tabanidae
ECOLOGICAL STUDIES OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT PRAC-
TICES ...1.0327
ECOLOGY AND CONTROL OF CERTAIN PARASITIC DIP-
TERA ...2.0001
DEVELOPMENT AND BEHAVIOR OF BITING DIPTERA
.2.0023
TESTING ADULT ATTRACTION DEVICES AND
CHEMOSTERILANTS FOR TABANID FLY CONTROL
...2.0024
BIOLOGY ECOLOGY AND CONTROL OF INSECTS TICKS
AND MITES WHICH ATTACK LIVESTOCK, POULTRY AND
HOUSEHOLD ...2.0040
STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIPS AND MODE OF AC-
TION OF INSECTICIDE SYNERGISTS ...2.0067
INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS ...2.0081
EFFECT OF CONTROLLING SALT-MARSH MOSQUITOES
...2.0082
INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND DOMESTIC ANIMALS
...2.0087
ECOLOGY AND DISEASE TRANSMISSION POTENTIAL
...4.0044
A STUDY IN INSECT TRANSMISSION OF ANAPLASMOSIS
...4.0064
Tendipedidae
BIOLOGICAL FACTORS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF LAKE
FLIES ...2.0088
Tephritidae
EMERGENCY INSECT CONTROL ...2.0076
Ephemeroptera
MAYFLY DISTRIBUTION AS A WATER QUALITY INDEX
...1.0169
BIOCHEMICAL ECOLOGICAL RELATIONSHIPS OF PESTI-
CIDES AND THE BIO-CONSTITUENTS OF AQUATIC COM-
MUNITIES ...1.0342
STUDIES ON THE UPTAKE AND TRANSLOCATION OF C14-
LABELED DDT AND ALDRIN IN INVERTEBRATE POPULA-
TIONS, FY 1970 ..1.0354
WATER QUALITY REQUIREMENTS OF AQUATIC INSECTS
...4.0066
Hemiptera
ECOLOGY AND CONTROL OF CERTAIN PARASITIC DIP-
TERA ...2.0001
Lygaeidae
DYNAMICS, BEHAVIOR AND IMPACT OF ECONOMIC IN-
SECTS ...4.0053
Homoptera
Aphididae
EMERGENCY INSECT CONTROL MEASURES FOR ALASKA
...2.0002
DYNAMICS, BEHAVIOR AND IMPACT OF ECONOMIC IN-
SECTS ...4.0053
Hymenoptera
Apidae
MODE OF ACTION OF INSECTICIDES AS RELATED TO IN-
SECT METABOLISM AND BEHAVIOR ...1.0266
AERIAL DISPERSAL METHODS FOR CONCENTRATED IN-
SECTICIDES .2.0009
Braconidae
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF ARTHROPOD PESTS OF
LIVESTOCK ...2.0057
Diprionidae
CLASSIFICATION, BIONOMICS, ECOLOGY CONTROL OF
FOREST INSECTS (OTHER THAN SCOLYTIDAE) IN CAL.
...1.0321
Foraiicidae
EMERGENCY INSECT CONTROL MEASURES FOR ALASKA
...2.0002
SYNTHETIC INSECT CONTROL AGENTS, GAINESVILLE
..2.0028
BIOLOGY ECOLOGY AND CONTROL OF INSECTS TICKS
AND MITES WHICH ATTACK LIVESTOCK, POULTRY AND
HOUSEHOLD ...2.0040
Hymenoptera -other
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF MIDGES, GNATS AND
MOSQUITOES ...2.0014
Ichneumonidae
DYNAMICS, BEHAVIOR AND IMPACT OF ECONOMIC IN-
SECTS ...4.0053
Insects -nonspecific
AN EVALUATION OF THE INSECTICIDE 'SEVIN' AS A
WATERSHED POLLUTANT ...1.0067
ARTIFICIAL SUBSTRATE SAMPLERS AS INDICATORS OF
WATER QUALITY ...1.0225
INTERACTION BETWEEN MICROORGANISMS AND PESTI-
CIDES ...1.0351
BIODEGRADATION OF PESTICIDES IN A FRESHWATER
ECOSYSTEM INTERACTION BETWEEN MICROORGAN-
ISMS AND PESTICIDES ...1.0352
NATURAL ENEMIES OF EURASIAN WATERMILFOIL IN
PAKISTAN ...2.0173
METHODS FOR CONTROLLING ALLIGATORWEED AND
OTHER WEEDS IN CANALS, WATERWAYS, AND AD-
JACENT WATERS IN THE SOUTHEASTERN U. S. ...2.0186
LABORATORY ANALYSIS OF INSECTICIDE EFFECTIVENESS
AGAINST MEDICALLY IMPORTANT INSECTS ...4.0068
Isoptera
ACTION MECHANISMS OF INSECTICIDAL DERIVATIVES
...2.0089
Lepidoptera
Crambidae
SEARCH FOR AND IMPORTATION OF INSECT ENEMIES OF
AQUATIC WEEDS ...2.0095
Lepidoptera -other
CLASSIFICATION, BIONOMICS, ECOLOGY CONTROL OF
FOREST INSECTS (OTHER THAN SCOLYTIDAE) IN CAL.
...1.0321
INSECTS ON FOREIGN AQUATIC WEEDS IN LOUISIANA
...2.0144
Lymantriidae
CLASSIFICATION, BIONOMICS, ECOLOGY CONTROL OF
FOREST INSECTS (OTHER THAN SCOLYTIDAE) IN CAL.
...1.0321
Noctuidae
EFFECTS OF INSECTICIDES ON ACTIVITY OF SOIL INHABIT-
ING INSECTS ...1.0059
INSECT ATTRACTANTS, BEHAVIOR AND BASIC BIOLOGY
..2.0030
BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF INSECT CONTROL AGENTS
...2.0050
SURVEY OF INSECT PROBLEMS IN MONTANA ...2.0059
NATURAL ENEMIES OF WITCHWEED, NUTSEDGE, AND
SEVERAL AQUATIC WEEDS IN INDIA ...2.0135
Phycitidae
EMERGENCY INSECT CONTROL ...2.0076
Pyralioidae
NATURAL ENEMIES OF WITCHWEED, NUTSEDGE, AND
SEVERAL AQUATIC WEEDS IN INDIA ...2.0135
NATURAL ENEMIES OF MYRIOPHYLLUM SPICATUM IN YU-
GOSLAVIA ...2.0188
Pyraustidae
FACTORS AFFECTING ROLE OF MICROORGANISMS IN
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF INSECT PESTS ...2.0037
INSECTS ON FOREIGN AQUATIC WEEDS IN LOUISIANA
2.0144
INSECTS ASSOCIATED WITH AQUATIC WEED PESTS OF
FOREIGN ORIGIN ...2.0145
DYNAMICS, BEHAVIOR AND IMPACT OF ECONOMIC IN-
SECTS ...4.0053
2-78
-------
SUBJECT INDEX
Interaction With Environment
Tortrlcidae
IMPACT OF PESTICIDES UPON SEMI-WILD ECOSYSTEMS
...1.0335
EMERGENCY INSECT CONTROL MEASURES FOR ALASKA
...2.0002
MaUophaga
ABUNDANCE, DISTRIBUTION AND CONTROL OF MISCEL-
LANEOUS INSECTS, AFFECTING LIVESTOCK ...2.0056
Neuroptera
LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON AQUATIC INVER-
TEBRATES ...1.0258
EMERGENCY INSECT CONTROL ...2.0076
Odonata
ECOLOGY AND CONTROL OF CERTAIN PARASITIC DIP-
TERA ...2.0001
BIOLOGICAL AND SYSTEMATIC STUDIES ON AQUATIC
ARTHROPODS ...2.0054
WATER QUALITY REQUIREMENTS OF AQUATIC INSECTS
...4.0066
Orthoptera
Acrididae
INSECT SURVEY OF MONTANA ...2.0058
SURVEY OF INSECT PROBLEMS IN MONTANA ...2.0059
SEARCH FOR AND IMPORTATION OF INSECT ENEMIES OF
AQUATIC WEEDS ...2.0095
Blattidae
MODE OF ACTION OF INSECTICIDES AS RELATED TO IN-
SECT METABOLISM AND BEHAVIOR ...1.0266
EMERGENCY INSECT CONTROL MEASURES FOR ALASKA
...2.0002
BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF INSECT CONTROL AGENTS
...2.00SO
SUSCEPTIBILITY OF INSECTS TO INSECTICIDES ...2.0055
SUSCEPTIBILITY OR RESISTANCE OF MEDICALLY IMPOR-
TANT INSECTS TO INSECTICIDES ON SELECTED AIR
FORCE BASES ...2.0084
DEVELOPMENT OF AN ORALLY EFFECTIVE INSECT REPEL-
LENT ...4.0051
Plecoptera
PATTERNS OF PESTICIDE CONTAMINATION OF WATER
...1.0039
LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON AQUATIC INVER-
TEBRATES ...1.0258
WATER QUALITY REQUIREMENTS OF AQUATIC INSECTS
..4.0066
Siphonaptera
Pulicidae
NEW OR IMPROVED TECHNIQUES FOR SAFE CHEMICAL
CONTROL OF ECTOPARASITES OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS
...2.0077
Thysanoptera
EMERGENCY INSECT CONTROL MEASURES FOR ALASKA
...2.0002
THE PHYSIOLOGY AND CHEMICAL CONTROL OF AQUATIC
WEEDS IN THE SOUTHEAST ...2.0129
Trichoptera
LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON AQUATIC INVER-
TEBRATES ...1.0258
WATER QUALITY REQUIREMENTS OF AQUATIC INSECTS
...4.0066
Integrated Control
COMPARATIVE EFFECTS OF WEED COMPETITION, HERBI-
CIDES AND OTHER WEED CONTROL PRACTICES ON
PLANT RESPONSE ...1.0145
EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE IN
THE MOSQUITOFISH, GAMBUSIA AFFINIS ...1.0249
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF MOSQUITOES IN CENTRAL AND
NORTHERN CALIFORNIA ...2.0006
INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS: DISEASES TO
MAN OR ANIMALS ...2.0010
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF MOSQUITOES IN IRRIGATED
AND WATER MANAGEMENT AREAS ...2.0011
MALARIA ERADICATION RESEARCH ...2.0051
WEED CONTROL IN IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE SYSTEMS
...2.0104
ECOLOGY AND BIOCONTROL OF AQUATIC WEEDS IN THE
SOUTHEAST ...2.0117
THE PHYSIOLOGY AND CHEMICAL CONTROL OF AQUATIC
WEEDS IN THE SOUTHEAST ...2.0129
AQUATIC WEED SUPPRESSION AND CONTROL IN LARGE
CANALS ..2.0132
AQUATIC PLANT CONTROL - EQUIPMENT FOR MECHANI-
CAL AND CHEMICAL DESTRUCTION ...2.0147
CONTROL OF UNDESIRABLE AQUATIC VEGETATION IN
LAKE TANEYCOMO, MISSOURI ...2.0154
WEED CONTROL IN IRRIGATED HORTICULTURAL CROPS
IN WASHINGTON ...2.0179
INCIDENCE BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF FASCIOLA
HEPATICA IN THE SOUTHWEST ...2.0280
Interaction With Drugs
FACTORS AFFECTING PESTICIDE TOXICITY ...1.0255
Interaction With Environment
INTERACTION OF FERTILIZERS WITH PESTICIDES AS RE-
LATED TO WATER QUALITY IN SOILS ...1.0008
INACTIVATION AND LOSS OF PESTICIDES FROM SOIL
...1.0009
EFFICIENCY AND HAZARDS OF RESIDUAL HERBICIDES IN
SOILS UNDER IRRIGATION. ...1.0010
PESTICIDE MOBILITY AND DEGRADATION IN SOIL-WATER
SYSTEMS ...1.0013
VOLATILIZATION LOSSES OF PESTICIDES FROM SOILS
...1.0016
REACTIONS OF PESTICIDES WITH SOILS ...1.0020
REACTIONS OF PESTICIDES WITH SOILS IN RELATION TO
SOIL PRODUCTIVITY IN THE SOUTHWEST ...1.0021
MOVEMENT OF HERBICIDES IN SOIL BY MASS FLOW
...1.0044
WATER AND SOIL POLLUTION BY FARM CHEMICALS IN
THE LOWER MISSISSIPPI DELTA ...1.0050
SOILS, PESTICIDES AND THE QUALITY OF WATER ...1.0061
FATE OF PESTICIDES ...1.0064
BEHAVIOR OF SPECIFIC HERBICIDES IN PLANTS AND SOILS
...1.0081
MODE OF ACTION, TOXICITY, AND FACTORS INFLUENC-
ING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF FUNGICIDES ...1.0082
BEHAVIOR OF SPECIFIC HERBICIDES IN PLANTS AND SOILS
...1.0091
FATE OF HERBICIDES IN PLANTS AND SOILS ...1.0095
SOILS, PESTICIDES AND THE QUALITY OF WATER ...1.0105
FATE OF INSECTICIDES IN SOIL AND THEIR MOVEMENT IN
WATER AND CROPS ...1.0111
A TISSUE ENZYME ASSAY FOR CHLORINATED HYDROCAR-
BON INSECTICIDES ...1.0168
EFFECT OF HERBICIDES ON AN AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT
...1.0228
EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON AQUATIC ANIMALS IN THE
ESTUARINE AND MARINE ENVIRONMENTS ...1.0234
RESEARCH STUDY ON THE EFFECTS OF POLLUTION ON
SUB-TROPICAL FISH AND CRUSTACEANS ...1.0237
FACTORS AFFECTING PESTICIDE TOXICITY ...1.0255
THE INFLUENCES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS ON
THE TOXICITY OF PESTICIDES ...1.0278
AN EVALUATION OF WIDELY USED HERBICIDES ON
AQUATIC PLANTS, FISH AND FISH-FOOD ORGANISMS
...1.0343
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF PASTURE MOSQUITOES
2.0008
2-79
-------
Interaction With Environment
SUBJECT INDEX
WEED CONTROL IN RICE PRODUCTION ...2.0097
LABORATORY STUDY OF AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTAL FAC-
TORS AND PLANT GROWTH STAGES ON AQUATIC WEED
GROWTH AND HERBICIDAL RESPONSE ...2.0111
BASIC PHYSIOLOGY OF AQUATIC WEEDS IN THE
SOUTHEAST ...2.0115
EXPANDED AQUATIC PLANT CONTROL PROJECT ...2.0146
INFLUENCE OF PESTICIDES & OTHER HYDROCARBONS ON
GROWTH OF EURYTOLERANT M1CROALGAE ...2.0148
CONTROL OF UNDESIRABLE AQUATIC VEGETATION IN
LAKE TANEYCOMO, MISSOURI ...2.01S4
CONTROL OF CANADA THISTLE AND WATER WEEDS
...2.0158
INVESTIGATION OF AQUATIC WEED PROBLEMS AND
MEANS OF CONTROL, WITH EMPHASIS ON BRAZILIAN
WATERWEED ...2.0167
METHODS FOR CONTROLLING ALL1GATORWEED AND
OTHER WEEDS IN CANALS, WATERWAYS, AND AD-
JACENT WATERS IN THE SOUTHEASTERN U. S. ...2.0186
BIOLOGY OF THE LARVAL SEA LAMPREY ...2.0210
BIOASSAY ...2.0211
THE TOXICITY AND DETOXIFICATION OF THE ROTENONE
FORMULATIONS USED IN FISH MANAGEMENT ...2.0226
THE EFFICACY AND PERSISTENCE OF FORMULATIONS OF
ANTIMYON ...2.0244
STATIC BIOASSAY OF REPRODUCTIVE CONTROLS AGAINST
FISH AND INVERTEBRATES ...2.0256
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF MCN-JR-7464 AS AN ANESTHETIC
FOR SELECTED SPECIES OF FISH (ABBREV) ...2.0261
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF TERRESTRIAL MOLLUSCS
...2.0281
OYSTER DRIL (OCINEBRA JAPONICA) CONTROL ...2.0293
THE CONTROL OF SLUGS ...2.0294
Interaction With Fertilizers
INTERACTION OF FERTILIZERS WITH PESTICIDES AS RE-
LATED TO WATER QUALITY IN SOILS ...1.0008
TRANSLOCATION OF PESTICIDES FROM CRANBERRY BOGS
TO THEIR SURROUNDINGS ...1.0056
NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS, HERBICIDE MOVEMENT BY SOIL
WATER AND SOURCES OF CONTAMINATION ...1.0073
EVALUATION AND DEMONSTRATION OF IRRIGATION
METHODS AND PRACTICES TO REDUCE CONTAMINA-
TION IN IRRIGATION WASTE WATER . .1.0104
AGRICULTURAL CONTRIBUTIONS TO NUTRIENTS IN
WATER ...1.0186
International Biol. Program
LAKE HURON CHEMICAL CONTROL ...2.0209
BIOLOGICAL STUDIES OF MALACOPHAGOUS DIPTERA
...2.0282
SHELLFISH MORTALITY - CHESAPEAKE BAY ...3.0033
PACIFIC OYSTER MORTALITY STUDIES ...3.0034
PATHOLOGY EPIZOOTIOLOGY ...3.0113
A STUDY OF ALGAL POPULATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH DIF-
FERENT LEVELS OF WATER QUALITY IN NEW
HAMPSHIRE ...4.0018
INTER-DISCIPLINARY RESEARCH IN THE AREA OF THE
KANO PLAINS, WESTERN KENYA ...4.0059
Invertebrate Pathology
Invertebrate Anatomy
BIOLOGICAL AND SYSTEMATIC STUDIES ON AQUATIC
ARTHROPODS ...2.0054
Invertebrate Nutrition
PHYSIOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR OF LARVAE (PHYSIOECOLO-
GY OF SHELLFISH PROGRAM) ...1.0236
ALGAL FOODS OF SHELLFISH (MICROORGANISMS AFFECT-
ING SHELLFISH PROGRAM) ...1.0326
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF SNAILS AND SLUGS ...2.0269
TO CHARACTERIZE PATHOGENS OF MOSQUITOES ...2.0007
SCHISTOSOME CONTROL BY TREMATODE ANTAGONISM
...2.0270
BIOLOGY AND BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF SCHISTOSOMIA-
SIS ...2.0277
OYSTER DISEASE MORTALITY ALONG THE CALIFORNIA
COAST ...3.0022
PATHOLOGY RESEARCH ...3.0027
MOLLUSCAN MORTALITY STUDIES ...3.0032
PACIFIC OYSTER MORTALITY STUDIES ...3.0034
MASS MORTALITY OF OYSTERS ALONG THE OREGON
COAST ...3.0060
ACQUIRED VS. GENETIC RESISTANCE IN OYSTERS ...3.0078
TESTS OF SELECTED SEED OYSTER STOCKS ON COMMER-
CIAL BEDS ...3.0079
PATHOLOGY EPIZOOTIOLOGY ...3.0113
Invertebrate Physiology
Behavior -invertebrate
PHYSIOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR OF LARVAE (PHYSIOECOLO-
GY OF SHELLFISH PROGRAM) ...1.0236
NATURAL HISTORY OF PREDATORS AND COMPETITORS
(PREDATOR CONTROL PROGRAM) ...2.0271
OYSTER DRIL (OCINEBRA JAPONICA) CONTROL ...2.0293
Biological Rhythms
PHYSIOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR OF LARVAE (PHYSIOECOLO-
GY OF SHELLFISH PROGRAM) ...1.0236
EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON MARINE ANIMALS ...1.0244
CONTINUOUS-FLOW BIOASSAY OF PESTICIDES TO EVALU-
ATE THE ACUTE AND CHRONIC EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES
TO FRESHWATER INVERTEBRATES ...1.0294
Environmental Physiology
PHYSIOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR OF LARVAE (PHYSIOECOLO-
GY OF SHELLFISH PROGRAM) ...1.0236
MASS REARING OF MARISA CORNUARIETIS FOR BIOLOGI-
CAL CONTROL OF AQUATIC WEEDS IN EMPERATE
WATERS ...2.0124
Metabolism -invertebrate
CHEMICAL ANALYSES ...1.0129
ENZYME SYSTEMS OF ESTUARINE ORGANISMS ...1.0239
PHYSIOLOGY OF ESTUARINE ORGANISMS ...1.0242
EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON MARINE ANIMALS ...1.0244
SEASONAL CHANGES IN ESTERASE ACTIVITY IN FISH AND
INVERTEBRATES. INTERACTIONS BETWEEN PESTICIDES
ON FISH ENZYME SYSTEMS ...1.0275
THE UPTAKE OF DIELDRIN IN THE THREE RIDGED NAIAD,
AMBLEMA PL1CATA ...1.0301
EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON ESTUARINE ORGANISMS
...1.0305
INFLUENCE OF PROTOZOAN ACTIVITY ON HALOGENATED
HYDROCARBON RESIDUES - INTERACTION BETWEEN
MICROORGANISMS AND PESTICIDES ...1.0349
STUDIES ON THE UPTAKE AND TRANSLOCATION OF CM-
LABELED DDT AND ALDRIN IN INVERTEBRATE POPULA-
TIONS, FY 1970 ...1.0354
BIOLOGY AND BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF SCHISTOSOMIA-
SIS ...2.0277
MOLLUSCICIDES - A CORRELATION OF STRUCTURE VS.
ACTIVITY ...2.0291
Nervous System -invertebrate
ENZYME SYSTEMS OF ESTUARINE ORGANISMS ...1.0239
Osmoregulation
AQUICULTURE, OYSTER HATCHERIES - RESEARCH ...3.0118
Reproductive System
PHYSIOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR OF LARVAE (PHYSIOECOLO-
GY OF SHELLFISH PROGRAM) ...1.0236
2-80
-------
SUBJECT INDEX
Irrigation
EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON ESTUARINE ORGANISMS
...1.0304
STUDIES ON THE UPTAKE AND TRANSLOCAT1ON OF CM-
LABELED DDT AND ALDRIN IN INVERTEBRATE POPULA-
TIONS, FY 1970 ...1.0354
MASS REARING OF MAR1SA CORNUARIETIS FOR BIOLOGI-
CAL CONTROL OF AQUATIC WEEDS IN EMPERATE
WATERS ...2.0124
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF TERRESTRIAL MOLLUSCS
...2.0281
OYSTER DRIL (OCINEBRA JAPONICA) CONTROL ...2.0293
USE OF CELL CULTURE METHODS TO ATTEMPT TO FOL-
LOW DEVELOPING STAGES OF SPORES ...3.0062
USE OF TISSUE SECTIONING TECHNIQUES TO ATTEMPT TO
FOLLOW THE LIFE HISTORY OF WHIRLING DISEASE
PARASITES FROM THE FIRST DAY OF INFECTION ...3.0065
TREATMENT OF WHIRLING DISEASE SPORES TO PRODUCE
INFECTIVE STATES OF THE ORGANISM ...3.0066
ISOLATION AND FURTHER DESCRIPTION OF THE SPORES
OF MYXOSOMA CEREBRAL1S ...3.0101
REPRODUCTION & FUNGAL PARASITES AFFECTING
REPRODUCTION IN LOBSTER, HUMARUS AMERICANNA,
& BLUE CRAB CALLINECTES SAPIDUS, IN N.C. WATERS
...3.0115
AQUICULTURE, OYSTER HATCHERIES - RESEARCH ...3.0118
Respiratory System
RESPIRATION RATES OF FISH-FOOD INVERTEBRATES EX-
POSED TO PESTICIDES ...1.0355
Sensory Organs -invertebrate
BEHAVIOR OF ESTUARINE ANIMALS ...1.0240
Serological Studies
EPIZOOTIOLOGY OF PARASITIC DISEASES IN FISH POPULA-
TIONS UNDER INTENSIVE MANAGEMENT ...3.0001
Tissues -invertebrate
PHYSIOLOGY OF ESTUARINE ORGANISMS ...1.0242
CORRELATION OF STRUCTURE VS. ACTIVITY OF POLLU-
TANTS OF FRESH WATER ...2.0290
Invertebrates -nonspecific
RELATIONSHIP OF PESTICIDES IN SOIL, WATER AND
PLANTS ...1.0057
GEOGRAPHIC ATLAS OF PESTICIDE OCCURRENCE IN THE
BARATARIA BAY-MISSISSIPPI DELTA ...1.0152
PESTICIDES RESEARCH ...1.0232
SEASONAL CHANGES IN ESTERASE ACTIVITY IN FISH AND
INVERTEBRATES. INTERACTIONS BETWEEN PESTICIDES
ON FISH ENZYME SYSTEMS ...1.0275
EFFECTS OF PARATHION AND MALATHION ON WARM-
WATER FISH PONDS ...1.0283
CONTINUOUS-FLOW BIOASSAY OF PESTICIDES TO EVALU-
ATE THE ACUTE AND CHRONIC EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES
TO FRESHWATER INVERTEBRATES ...1.0294
PESTICIDE TOXICITY TO MARINE FISH AND INVER-
TEBRATES ...1.0307
ECOLOGY OF PESTICIDES IN AN AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM
...1.0339
SELECTED PESTICIDES IN AQUATIC FUNGI IN THE THREE
RIVERS AREA ...1.0345
IN VITRO POTENCY OF SEVERAL ANTICHOLINESTERASE
AGENTS WITH SELECTED MEMBERS OF THE AQUATIC
ENVIRONMENT ...1.0348
POND ECOLOGY AND PRODUCTION AS AFFECTED BY
SIMAZINE ...1.0353
RESPIRATION RATES OF FISH-FOOD INVERTEBRATES EX-
POSED TO PESTICIDES ...1.0355
THE IMPORTANCE OF THE FOOD CHAIN IN BOTULISM IN-
TOXICATION AMONG WATERFOWL LAKES AND
SLOUGHS OF THE DEVILS LAKE REGION IN NORTH
DAKOTA ...1.0359
SELECTIVE TOXICITY BY OPTICALLY ACTIVE
PHOSPHONOTHIONATE PESTICIDES ...2.0086
EUTROPHICATION - BIOLOGICAL CONTROL USING
GRAZERS ...2.0170
BIOASSAY ...2.0211
PATHOLOGY RESEARCH ...3.0027
SHELLFISH MORTALITY - CHESAPEAKE BAY ...3.0033
WALLEYE AND NORTHERN PIKE STUDY ...3.0072
TESTING OF STOCKS OF OYSTERS FOR DISEASE RE-
SISTANCE ...3.0077
TESTS OF SELECTED SEED OYSTER STOCKS ON COMMER-
CIAL BEDS ...3.0079
Ion Exchange
SOILS, PESTICIDES AND THE QUALITY OF WATER ...1.0141
ADSORPTION OF PESTICIDES FROM SEA WATER ...1.0159
Iowa
LIMNOLOGICAL FACTORS AFFECTING PESTICIDE
RESIDUES IN SURFACE WATERS ..1.0149
EUTROPHICATION OF IOWA LAKES AND STREAMS ...4.0008
Irrigation
SOIL AND WATER MANAGEMENT FOR SALINITY CONTROL
PHASE II ...1.0066
SOIL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND SOIL WATER MOVE-
MENT ...1.0072
QUALITY OF IRRIGATION RETURN FLOW ...1.0102
PREDICTING MINERAL QUALITY OF RETURN FLOW
WATER ...1.0122
COOPERATIVE HERBICIDE MONITORING STUDY IN IRRIGA-
TION SYSTEMS ...1.0125
INVESTIGATION OF RICE IRRIGATION RETURN FLOWS
TEXAS COASTAL PRAIRIE REGION ...1.0209
OCCURRENCE OF PESTICIDES IN AQUATIC ENVIRON-
MENTS ...1.0219
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF MOSQUITOES IN IRRIGATED
AND WATER MANAGEMENT AREAS ...2.0011
INVESTIGATIONS OF ALGAE INHIBITING MATERIALS
...2.0106
HERBICIDE RESIDUES ...2.0109
INTER-DISCIPLINARY RESEARCH IN THE AREA OF THE
KANO PLAINS, WESTERN KENYA ...4.0059
Flood Irrigation
INVESTIGATIONS OF RESIDUES IN WATER AND CROPS IR-
RIGATED WITH WATER CONTAINING HERBICIDES
...1.0015
Furrow Irrigation
EVALUATION AND DEMONSTRATION OF IRRIGATION
METHODS AND PRACTICES TO REDUCE CONTAMINA-
TION IN IRRIGATION WASTE WATER ...1.0104
HERBICIDE RESIDUES IN IRRIGATION WATER AND IN
CROPS AND SOILS IRRIGATED WITH TREATED WATER
...1.0107
STUDIES IN SOILS, CROPS, WATER MANAGEMENT AND
WEED CONTROL UNDER IRRIGATED CONDITIONS
...2.0159
WEED CONTROL IN IRRIGATED HORTICULTURAL CROPS
IN WASHINGTON ...2.0179
Sprinkler Irrigation
INVESTIGATIONS OF RESIDUES IN WATER AND CROPS IR-
RIGATED WITH WATER CONTAINING HERBICIDES
...1.0015
EVALUATION AND DEMONSTRATION OF IRRIGATION
METHODS AND PRACTICES TO REDUCE CONTAMINA-
TION IN IRRIGATION WASTE WATER ..1.0104
HERBICIDE RESIDUES IN IRRIGATION WATER AND IN
CROPS AND SOILS IRRIGATED WITH TREATED WATER
...1.0107
WEED CONTROL IN IRRIGATED HORTICULTURAL CROPS
IN WASHINGTON ...2.0179
2-81
-------
Isotopes
SUBJECT INDEX
Isotopes
Radioactive Isotopes
Carbon
PESTICIDE MOBILITY AND DEGRADATION IN SOIL-WATER
SYSTEMS ...1.0006
INTERACTION OF FERTILIZERS WITH PESTICIDES AS RE-
LATED TO WATER QUALITY IN SOILS ...1.0008
MOVEMENT OF CHLORINATED HYDROCARBON INSECTI-
CIDES IN SOILS ...1.0011
HERBICIDE EQUILIBRIA OF LATOSOLIC SOIL ...1.0035
FATE OF INSECTICIDES IN SOIL AND THEIR MOVEMENT IN
WATER AND CROPS ...1.0111
PHYSIOLOGY OF ESTUARINE ORGANISMS ...1.0242
UPTAKE AND METABOLISM BY FISH OF 2,4-D DIMETHYL
AMINE SALT ...1.0293
DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNIQUES FOR IDENTIFICATION OF
PESTICIDES AND THEIR METABOLITES BY MASS SPEC-
TROMETRY .1.0295
Chlorine
THE CYCLING OF CL-36 LABELED DDT IN NATURAL
ECOSYSTEMS ...1.0078
PREPARATION OF CHLORINE-36 LABELED OR-
GANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES AND RELATED COM-
POUNDS (PCB'S) ...1.0174
Chromium
PHYSIOLOGIC RESPONSE OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS TO
POLLUTANTS ...1.0260
Hydrogen
CONTROL OF WEEDS IN AGRONOMIC AND VEGETABLE
CROPS WITH HERBICIDES ...1.0025
MOVEMENT AND ADSORPTION OF PESTICIDES IN STERIL-
IZED SOIL COLUMNS ...1.0028
CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION OF BIOLOGICALLY IMPOR-
TANT NATURAL PRODUCTS ...2.0265
Iodine
PHYSIOLOGIC RESPONSE OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS TO
POLLUTANTS ...1.0260
THYROIDAL 1125 UPTAKE IN IMMATURE CHANNEL CAT-
FISH FOLLOWING EXPOSURE TO SELECTED TOXICANTS
...1.0272
Lead
IMPACT ON MAN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION
CAUSED BY LEAD ...1.0123
Phosphorus
CHEMICAL AND SEDIMENT MOVEMENT FROM AGRICUL-
TURAL LAND INTO LAKE ERIE ...1.0192
FARM FISH POND MANAGEMENT ...1.0340
MOLLUSCICIDES A CORRELATION OF STRUCTURE VS.
ACTIVITY ...2.0291
A PROPOSAL TO STUDY PHOSPHATE INDUCED ALGAL
GROWTH IN ORDER TO SUPPRESS OR ELIMINATE THIS
PHENOMENA ...4.0021
ECOLOGY OF SELECTED SUBMERSED AQUATIC WEEDS
...4.0024
Radioisotopes -nonspecific
PESTICIDE RESIDUES ON ARIZONA CROPS ...1.0007
INACTIVAT1ON AND LOSS OF PESTICIDES FROM SOIL
...1.0009
PESTICIDE MOBILITY AND DEGRADATION IN SOIL-WATER
SYSTEMS ...1.0013
RESIDUES OF SELECTED PESTICIDES IN PLANTS, ANIMALS
AND THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT ...1.0019
MOVEMENT AND ADSORPTION OF PESTICIDES IN STERIL-
IZED SOIL COLUMNS ...1.0028
SOILS, PESTICIDES AND THE QUALITY OF WATER ...1.0065
RESEARCH INITIATION FATE OF SELECTED OR-
GANOPHOSPHATE AND CARBAMATE INSECTICIDES IN
SURFACE WATERS ...1.0146
DEVELOPMENT OF ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR
SELECTED HERBICIDES ...1.0175
IMPROVING WATER QUALITY BY REMOVAL OF PESTICIDE
POLLUTANTS WITH AQUATIC PLANTS ...1.0216
THE FATE OF SELECT PESTICIDES IN THE AQUATIC EN-
VIRONMENT ...1.0330
DISTRIBUTION AND METABOLIC FATE OF INDUSTRIAL
POLLUTANTS AND PESTICIDES IN A MODEL AQUATIC
ECOSYSTEM ...1.0333
INTERCEPTION AND DEGRADATION OF PESTICIDES BY
AQUATIC ALGAE ...1.0363
Sodium
PHYSIOLOGIC RESPONSE OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS TO
POLLUTANTS ...1.0260
Italy
POPULATION GENETICS AND RADIOGENETICS IN
MOSQUITOES ...2.0038
Jamaica
MOSQUITOES OF MIDDLE AMERICA ...4.0037
Japan
MASS MORTALITY OF PACIFIC OYSTERS ALONG THE
WASHINGTON COAST ...3.0082
BIONOMICS AND CONTROL OF ASIAN MOSQUITOES -
...4.0058
Kansas
POST-IMPROVEMENT LIMNOLOGICAL-ANALYSES AND
FISH-POPULATION EVALUATIONS OF CERTAIN STRIP-
MINE LAKES IN SOUTHEAST KANSAS ...4.0078
Kaolin
FEEDING HABITS OF MOSQUITO LARVAE ..4.0034
Kenya
INTER-DISCIPLINARY RESEARCH IN THE AREA OF THE
KANO PLAINS, WESTERN KENYA ...4.0059
Lactic Acid
PESTICIDE EFFECTS ON FISH ENDOCRINE FUNCTIONS
...1.0269
SYNTHETIC INSECT CONTROL AGENTS, GAINESVILLE
...2.0028
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF MOSQUITOES, SAND FLIES,
AND GNATS OF U.S. COAST ...2.0043
THE EFFECTS OF TFM ON THE BLOOD CHEMISTRY OF
FISHES ...2.0252
THE EFFECTS OF THANITE ON THE ACID-BASE BALANCE
IN THE BLOOD OF FISHES ...2.0254
EFFECTS OF FISH CONTROL AGTS ON BLOOD CHEM & HE-
MATOPOIETIC TISSUE OF FISH. EFFECTS OF ANTIMYCIN
A. ON ACID-BASE BALANCE IN BLOOD OF FISH ...2.0260
(U) REPELLENCY AND ATTRACTIVENESS OF MAN TO
MOSQUITO BITES ...4.0040
Lake Champlain
PESTICIDES AND MICROBIAL ECOLOGY OF LAKE CHAM-
PLAIN ...1.0213
Lakes
PESTICIDE MONITORING PROGRAM LAKE MICHIGAN
...1.0143
2-82
-------
SUBJECT INDEX
Lakes
RESEARCH INITIATION - FATE OF SELECTED OR-
GANOPHOSPHATE AND CARBAMATE INSECTICIDES IN
SURFACE WATERS ...1.0146
THE FACTOR CONTROLLING THE DYNAMICS OF NON-
IONIC SYNTHETIC ORGANIC CHEMICALS IN AQUATIC
ENVIRONMENTS ...1.0148
MONITORING OF PESTICIDE LEVELS IN THE GREAT LAKES
...1.0160
CHEMICAL AND SEDIMENT MOVEMENT FROM AGRICUL-
TURAL LAND INTO LAKE ERIE ...1.0192
FISHERIES UNIT ...1.0203
CHEMICAL, PHYSICAL, AND BIOLOGICAL DYNAMICS OF
NORTHERN PRAIRIE LAKES ...1.0205
PESTICIDE LEVELS IN WATER AND WILDLIFE OF REEL-
FOOT LAKE, TENNESSEE ...1.0208
EVALUATION OF PESTICIDE SOURCES AND LEVELS TRIBU-
TARY TO LAKES MICHIGAN AND SUPERIOR ...1.0221
INSECTICIDE ADSORPTION BY LAKE SEDIMENTS AS A FAC-
TOR CONTROLLING INSECTICIDE ACCUMULATION IN
LAKES ...1.0223
INSECTICIDE ADSORPTION BY LAKE SEDIMENTS AS A FAC-
TOR CONTROLLING INSECTICIDE ACCUMULATION IN
LAKES ...1.0224
THE FATE AND EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES IN THE AQUATIC
ENVIRONMENT OF THE FLATHEAD LAKE DRAINAGE
AREA ...1.0297
PESTICIDE MONITORING PROGRAM LAKE MICHIGAN AND
TRIBUTARIES IN ILLINOIS ...1.0328
DETERMINATION OF DIGESTION RATES FOR TROUT
.1.0346
EVALUATION OF GIZZARD SHAD AS A FORAGE FISH
...1.0356
PREVENTION OF PESTICIDE POLLUTION FROM COASTAL
INSECT CONTROL PROGRAMS ...1.0358
THE IMPORTANCE OF THE FOOD CHAIN IN BOTULISM IN-
TOXICATION AMONG WATERFOWL LAKES AND
SLOUGHS OF THE DEVILS LAKE REGION IN NORTH
DAKOTA ...1.0359
CHEMICAL BIOCIDES IN LAKES ...1.0364
PESTICIDE LEVELS IN BIRDS WINTERING ON LAKE
MICHIGAN ...1.0367
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF MOSQUITOES IN CENTRAL AND
NORTHERN CALIFORNIA ...2.0006
BIOLOGICAL FACTORS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF LAKE
FLIES ...2.0088
FISH PRODUCTION AND GAME MANAGEMENT ON THE
1DLEWILD PLANTATION ...2.0142
INSECTS ON FOREIGN AQUATIC WEEDS IN LOUISIANA
...2.0144
ALGAE CONTROL BY ARTIFICIAL MIXING IN LAKE
COCHITUATE ...2.0149
CONTROL OF UNDESIRABLE AQUATIC VEGETATION IN
LAKE TANEYCOMO, MISSOURI ...2.0154
CONTROL OF EURASIAN MILFOIL ...2.0156
CONTROL AND UTILIZATION OF AQUATIC PLANTS ...2.0157
INVESTIGATION OF AQUATIC WEED PROBLEMS AND
MEANS OF CONTROL, WITH EMPHASIS ON BRAZILIAN
WATERWEED ...2.0167
EUTROPHICATION PILOT OPERATIONS ...2.0172
THE CRAYFISH (ORCONECTES CAUSEYI) AS A BIOLOGICAL
CONTROL OF AQUATIC VEGETATION ...2.0175
CONTROL OF WEEDS IN AQUATIC AND NONCROP AREAS
IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST ...2.0178
IMPROVING SURFACE WATER CONDITIONS THROUGH
CONTROL AND DISPOSAL OF AQUATIC VEGETATION,
PHASE II ...2.0181
CHANGES IN WATER ENVIRONMENT RESULTING FROM
AQUATIC PLANT CONTROL ...2.0183
SMALL IMPOUNDMENT STOCKING ...2.0190
HAUL SEINE STUDY ...2.0192
STRIPED BASS STUDIES ...2.0193
STUDY OF THE SEA LAMPREY IN LOVE LAKE ...2.0200
ASSESSMENT OF LAKE TROUT RESTORATION IN MICHIGAN
WATERS OF LAKE MICHIGAN, 1969-70 ...2.0202
EXPERIMENTATION WITH FINTROL AS A FISH TOXICANT
IN DEEP, SOFT-WATER LAKES ...2.0213
EXPERIMENTAL ESTABLISHMENT OF MONOSPECIFIC WAL-
LEYE POPULATIONS AS A MANAGEMENT MEASURE FOR
SMALL WARMWATER LAKES IN NORTHERN MINNESOTA
...2.0214
THE INTERACTION OF THE WALLEYE AND WHITE SUCKER
IN THE FISH POPULATION OF SOFT WATER LAKE IN
NORTHEASTERN MINNESOTA ...2.0215
EXPERIMENTATION WITH FINTROL AS A FISH TOXICANT
IN DEEP SOFTWATER LAKES ...2.0216
RELATION OF LAMPREY EELS TO EXISTING SALMONID
STOCKS IN CAYUGA LAKE ...2.0219
PISCICIDE TOXICOLOGY OF THE CYPRINIDS IN EAST AND
WEST PAULINA LAKES ...2.0228
EVALUATE FISH TOXICANTS (SUNSET LAKE SEGMENT)
...2.0229
EVALUATE FISH TOXICANT (ANTIMYCIN) (EAGLE LAKE
SEGMENT) ...2.0230
MERIDIAN STATE PARK LAKE CRAPPIE REMOVAL EXPERI-
MENT ...2.0231
THE EFFICACY OF NEW FORMULATIONS OF ANTIMYCIN IN
NATURAL LAKES AND STREAMS ...2.0246
SWIMMER'S ITCH INTERMEDIATE HOSTS, DISTRIBUTION
AND ECOLOGY ...2.0278
REFINEMENT OF MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES FOR
STREAM TROUT LAKES ...3.0035
EXPERIMENTAL CONTROL OF NEASCUS IN SMALL TROUT
LAKES ...3.0036
PARASITES OF FRESH-WATER FISHES IN NORTH CAROLINA
...3.0047
INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF SALMONID FISHES ...3.0049
BIOLOGY OF THE PROTOZOAN PARASITE CERATOMYXA
SHASTA ...3.0050
IMPACT OF CERATOMYXA IN CENTRAL OREGON SAL-
MONID POPULATIONS ...3.0057
TOXIC SUBSTANCES AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF
HYACINTHS AND OTHER WATER PLANTS ...4.0005
RELATIVE LEACHING RATES OF COMMON NITROGEN CAR-
RIERS FROM SANDY SOILS IN RELATION TO LAKE
EUTROPHICATION ...4.0006
LAKE SUPERIOR PERIPHYTON IN RELATION TO WATER
QUALITY ...4.0017
TISSUE ANALYSIS FOR NUTRIENT ASSAY OF NATURAL
WATERS ...4.0030
POST-IMPROVEMENT LIMNOLOGICAL-ANALYSES AND
FISH-POPULATION EVALUATIONS OF CERTAIN STRIP-
MINE LAKES IN SOUTHEAST KANSAS ...4.0078
A STUDY OF THE INTERACTION OF THREE SPECIES OF
BULLHEAD AND ASSOCIATED GAME FISH SPECIES IN A
SINGLE LAKE ...4.0079
REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY AND EARLY LIFE HISTORY OF
CYPRINIDS IN EAST AND PAULINA LAKES ...4.0083
SURVEYS FOR'PANFISH CONTROL STUDIES ...4.0086
Eutrophic Lakes
NUTRIENT AND WATER INPUTS AND OUTGO FROM THE
ORGANIC AND MINERAL SOILS IN THE LAKE APOPKA
AREA ...1.0027
NUTRIENT & WATER INPUTS &. OUTGO FROM THE OR-
GANIC & MINERAL SOILS IN THE LAKE APOPKA AREA
...1.0029
DETERMINATION OF THE EFFECTS OF A FERTILIZER-IN-
DUCED PLANKTON TURBIDITY, SUPPLEMENTED BY HER-
BICIDES, ON SUBMERGED AQUATIC PLANTS ...2.0137
EUTROPHICATION EFFECT OF FLOW AUGMENTATION
...2.0168
EUTROPHICATION PHYSICAL ECOLOGICAL CONTROL
...2.0171
LYSIS OF BLUE-GREEN ALGAE BY BACTERIAL ENZYMES
AND THEIR POSSIBLE USE IN CONTROLLING ALGAL
BLOOMS ...2.0184
EUTROPHICATION OF IOWA LAKES AND STREAMS ...4.0008
AN INVESTIGATION OF THE CAUSES, EFFECTS, AND CON-
TROL OF EUTROPHICATION IN MAINE LAKES ...4.0011
NUTRIENT CONTROL PROJECT - DETROIT LAKES, MIN-
NESOTA ...4.0015
PHYTOPLANKTON NUTRITION AND PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN
EUTROPHIC LAKES ...4.0016
2-83
-------
Lakes
SUBJECT INDEX
A STUDY OF ALGAL POPULATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH DIF-
FERENT LEVELS OF WATER QUALITY IN NEW
HAMPSHIRE ...4.0018
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN WATER QUALITY AND PLANT
GROWTH IN PONDS ...4.0019
STUDIES IN PHYSIOLOGY ECOLOGY AND LIFE HISTORIES
OF ALGAE ..4.0022
NUTRIENT DYNAMICS IN AN ARTIFICIALLY ENRICHED
LAKE ...4.0025
Oligotrophic Lakes
EUTROPHICATION OF SHELTERED BAYS IN A LARGE LAKE
...4.0029
Land Use
AN ECOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF STREAM EUTROPHICA-
TION ...1.0161
WATERSHED ANALYSIS RELATING TO EUTROPHICATION
OF LAKE MICHIGAN ...1.0162
AGRICULTURAL CONTRIBUTIONS TO NUTRIENTS IN
WATER ...1.0186
QUALITY OF STORM WATER DRAINAGE FROM URBAN
LAND AREAS IN NORTH CAROLINA 1.0187
QUANTIFICATION OF POLLUTANTS IN AGRICULTURAL RU-
NOFF ...1.0204
REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF FISH-EATING BIRDS IN
NORTHERN CALIFORNIA ...1.0320
MOSQUITO CONTROL - TIDAL MARSHES ...2.0063
EFFECTS OF MOSQUITO CONTROL DITCHING ON HIGH
SALT MARSHES IN NORTH CAROLINA ...2.0075
FOREST AND FARM GAME HABITAT; FISH POND ...2.0143
INTER-DISCIPLINARY RESEARCH IN THE AREA OF THE
KANO PLAINS, WESTERN KENYA ...4.0059
RENOVATION OF TROUT STREAMS ...4.0076
Larvicides
PESTICIDES AND WILDLIFE ...1.0324
INSECTICIDE AND NON-CHEMICAL CONTROL OF
MOSQUITOES ...2.0025
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF ARTHROPOD PESTS OF
LIVESTOCK ...2.0057
MOSQUITOES IN RELATION TO AGRICULTURAL PRODUC-
TION AND VETERINARY SCIENCE ...2.0062
SEA LAMPREY CONTROL LAKE MICHIGAN CHEMICAL
CONTROL ...2.0203
SEA LAMPREY CONTROL LAKE HURON CHEMICAL CON-
TROL ...2.0204
LAKE SUPERIOR CHEMICAL CONTROL OF SEA LAMPREY
...2.0205
SEA LAMPREY CONTROL AGE AND GROWTH STUDIES
...2.0206
SEA LAMPREY CONTROL REESTABLISHMENT STUDIES
...2.0207
SEA LAMPREY CONTROL - ASSESSMENT METHODS ...2.0208
LAKE HURON CHEMICAL CONTROL ...2.0209
BIOASSAY ...2.0211
FEEDING HABITS OF MOSQUITO LARVAE ...4.0034
Lasers and Masers
DETECTION AND IDENTIFICATION OF MOLECULAR WATER
POLLUTANTS BY LASER RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY ...1.0151
CONTROL OF AQUATIC WEEDS BY USE OF N2-CO2-HE
LASER SYSTEMS ...2.0091
Latex
FEEDING HABITS OF MOSQUITO LARVAE ...4.0034
Latitude
PHOTOPERIOD AND TEMPERATURE EFFECTS ON
DIAPAUSE OF THE MOSQUITO CULISETA INORNATA
...4.0074
Leaching
SOIL
LEACHING OF SELECTED HERBICIDES IN ALABAMA SOILS
...1.0001
INACTIVATION AND LOSS OF PESTICIDES FROM
...1.0002
PESTICIDE MOBILITY AND DEGRADATION IN SOIL-WATER
SYSTEMS ...1.0006
INACTIVATION AND LOSS OF PESTICIDES FROM SOIL
...1.0009
SORPTION AND MOVEMENT OF POLLUTED WATER IN SOIL
...1.0012
PESTICIDE MOBILITY AND DEGRADATION IN SOIL-WATER
SYSTEMS ...1.0013
RESIDUES OF SELECTED PESTICIDES IN PLANTS, ANIMALS
AND THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT ...1.0019
NUTRIENT AND WATER INPUTS AND OUTGO FROM THE
ORGANIC AND MINERAL SOILS IN THE LAKE APOPKA
AREA ...1.0027
PESTICIDE MOBILITY AND DEGRADATION IN SOIL-WATER
SYSTEMS ...1.0034
MOVEMENT OF HERBICIDES IN SOIL BY MASS FLOW
...1.0044
CHEMICAL CONTAMINANTS IN SOIL AND WATER RUNOFF
IN NEW ENGLAND ...1.0051
BEHAVIOR OF PESTICIDES AND POLLUTANTS IN SOIL,
WATER, AND PLANTS ...1.0053
PERSISTENCE, ACCUMULATION AND FATE OF PESTICIDES
IN CRANBERRY SOILS AND RESERVOIRS ...1.0055
ANALYSIS OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES ...1.0058
SOILS, PESTICIDES AND THE QUALITY OF WATER ...1.0065
SOIL AND WATER MANAGEMENT FOR SALINITY CONTROL
PHASE II 1.0066
SOIL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND SOIL WATER MOVE-
MENT ...1.0072
FACTORS INFLUENCING INSECTICIDE RESIDUES IN FOOD,
FORAGE AND OIL CROPS, AND SOIL ...1.0077
BEHAVIOR OF SPECIFIC HERBICIDES IN PLANTS AND SOILS
...1.0081
PESTICIDE MOBILITY AND DEGRADATION IN SOIL-WATER
SYSTEMS ...1.0084
INACTIVATION AND LOSS OF PESTICIDES FROM SOIL
...1.0097
MOVEMENT OF INSECTICIDES IN SOIL AND WATER ...1.0098
EFFECT OF PESTICIDES ON THE QUALITY OF SURFACE
AND GROUND WATERS IN THE WESTERN GULF REGION
...1.0101
EVALUATION AND DEMONSTRATION OF IRRIGATION
METHODS AND PRACTICES TO REDUCE CONTAMINA-
TION IN IRRIGATION WASTE WATER ...1.0104
SOILS, PESTICIDES AND THE QUALITY OF WATER ...1.0141
LOSSES OF FERTILIZERS AND PESTICIDES IN RUNOFF ERO-
SION ...1.0178
CHEMICAL AND SEDIMENT MOVEMENT FROM AGRICUL-
TURAL LAND INTO LAKE ERIE ...1.0191
CHEMICAL AND SEDIMENT MOVEMENT FROM AGRICUL-
TURAL LAND INTO LAKE ERIE ...1.0192
OCCURRENCE OF PESTICIDES IN AQUATIC ENVIRON-
MENTS ...1.0219
RELATIVE LEACHING RATES OF COMMON NITROGEN CAR-
RIERS FROM SANDY SOILS IN RELATION TO LAKE
EUTROPHICATION ...4.0006
Legal Aspects
EVALUATION OF PESTICIDE SOURCES AND LEVELS TRIBU-
TARY TO LAKES MICHIGAN AND SUPERIOR ...1.0221
UTILIZATION AND MANAGEMENT OF COASTAL MARSHES
AND RESOURCES ...3.0029
2-84
-------
SUBJECT INDEX
Luciferin
Court Action
LEGAL REPRESENTATION OF CITIZEN'S INTERESTS IN EN-
VIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ...2.0069
Eminent Domain
ILLINOIS LAWS AFFECTING AGRICULTURE ...1.0332
Legislation
ILLINOIS LAWS AFFECTING AGRICULTURE ...1.0332
HERBICIDE RESIDUES ...2.0109
Standards
REDUCTION OF PESTICIDE RESIDUE HAZARDS ...1.0040
PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN PLANTS, ANIMALS, SOILS, AND
WATER ...1.007S
PESTICIDE TESTING FOR SETTING STANDARDS ...1.0165
DISTRIBUTION AND METABOLIC FATE OF INDUSTRIAL
POLLUTANTS AND PESTICIDES IN A MODEL AQUATIC
ECOSYSTEM ...1.0333
HERBICIDE RESIDUES ...2.0109
THE TOXICITY AND DRUG RESIDUE LEVEL OF
CHLORAMPHENICOL IN TREATED RAINBOW TROUT
...3.0133
Light -general
RESIDUES OF SELECTED PESTICIDES IN PLANTS, ANIMALS,
AND THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT ...1.0019
CHEMICAL AND SEDIMENT MOVEMENT FROM AGRICUL-
TURAL LAND INTO LAKE ERIE ...1.0191
INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND DOMESTIC ANIMALS
1.0087
LABORATORY STUDY OF AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTAL FAC-
TORS AND PLANT GROWTH STAGES ON AQUATIC WEED
GROWTH AND HERBICIDAL RESPONSE ...2.0111
BASIC PHYSIOLOGY OF AQUATIC WEEDS IN THE
SOUTHEAST ...2.0115
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF TERRESTRIAL MOLLUSCS
...2.0281
ECOLOGY OF MOSQUITOES OF ARID SOUTHEASTERN
CALIFORNIA ...4.0039
BASIC STUDIES ON THE BEHAVIOR AND PHYSIOLOGY OF
INSECTS THAT AFFECT MAN ...4.0047
A STUDY IN INSECT TRANSMISSION OF ANAPLASMOSIS
...4.0064
Light Quality
AQUATIC WEED CONTROL RESEARCH ...2.0100
WEED CONTROL IN IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE SYSTEMS
...2.0104
INVESTIGATION OF AQUATIC WEED PROBLEMS AND
MEANS OF CONTROL, WITH EMPHASIS ON BRAZILIAN
WATERWEED ...2.0167
Blue Light
INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND DOMESTIC ANIMALS
...2.0087
Far Red Light
FACTORS INFLUENCING OCCURRENCE OF SELECTED
AQUATIC PLANTS IN RICE FIELDS ...2.0141
LIFE CYCLES OF ROTTBELLIA EXALTATA AND AM-
PHIBROMUS SCABRIVALVIS AND DEVELOPMENT OF
CONTROL MEASURES ...4.0010
Infra Red Light
INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND DOMESTIC ANIMALS
...2.0087
Red Light
FACTORS INFLUENCING OCCURRENCE OF SELECTED
AQUATIC PLANTS IN RICE FIELDS ...2.0141
LIFE CYCLES OF ROTTBELLIA EXALTATA AND AM-
PHIBROMUS SCABRIVALVIS AND DEVELOPMENT OF
CONTROL MEASURES ...4.0010
Ultraviolet Light
INSECT ATTRACTANTS, BEHAVIOR AND BASIC BIOLOGY
...2*0030
INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND DOMESTIC ANIMALS
...2.0087
Yellow Light
INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND DOMESTIC ANIMALS
...2.0087
Light Quantity or Intensity
FATE OF HERBICIDES IN PLANTS AND SOILS ...1.0095
AQUATIC WEED CONTROL RESEARCH ...2.0100
WEED CONTROL IN IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE SYSTEMS
...2.0104
FACTORS INFLUENCING OCCURRENCE OF SELECTED
AQUATIC PLANTS IN RICE FIELDS ...2.0141
NUISANCE ALGAL GROWTH RELATED TO ENVIRONMEN-
TAL FACTORS ...2.0180
Darkness
MODE OF ACTION OF INSECTICIDES AS RELATED TO IN-
SECT METABOLISM AND BEHAVIOR ...1.0266
INSECT ATTRACTANTS, BEHAVIOR AND BASIC BIOLOGY
...2.0030
SUSCEPTIBILITY OF INSECTS TO INSECTICIDES ...2.0055
A STUDY IN INSECT TRANSMISSION OF ANAPLASMOSIS
...4.0064
Lime
POST-IMPROVEMENT LIMNOLOGICAL-ANALYSES AND
FISH-POPULATION EVALUATIONS OF CERTAIN STRIP-
MINE LAKES IN SOUTHEAST KANSAS ...4.0078
Literature Search
CHARACTERISTICS AND POLLUTIONAL PROBLEMS OF
PESTICIDE MANUFACTURING WASTES ...1.0093
DEVELOPMENT OF ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR
SELECTED HERBICIDES ...1.0175
PROVIDE A CONTINUOUS SURVEY OF THE LITERATURE
ON STORM AND COMBINED SEWERS ...1.0199
CHARACTERISTICS AND POLLUTIONAL PROBLEMS OF
PESTICIDE MANUFACTURING WASTES ...1.0210
RESPONSE OF PLANT COMMUNITIES TO SUSTAINED USE
OF HERBICIDES ...2.0161
EUTROPHICATION BIOLOGICAL CONTROL USING
GRAZERS ...2.0170
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF TERRESTIAL MOLLUSKS
...2.0289
IDENTIFICATION OF PARASITES AND DISEASES EFFECTING
MARICULTURE SPECIES ...3.0037
MARINE FISH-CULTURE PATHOLOGY ...3.0070
A PROPOSAL TO STUDY PHOSPHATE INDUCED ALGAL
GROWTH IN ORDER TO SUPPRESS OR ELIMINATE THIS
PHENOMENA ...4.0021
Louisiana
GEOGRAPHIC ATLAS OF PESTICIDE OCCURRENCE IN THE
BARATARIA BAY-MISSISSIPPI DELTA ...1.0152
INSECTS ASSOCIATED WITH AQUATIC WEED PESTS OF
FOREIGN ORIGIN ...2.0145
UTILIZATION AND MANAGEMENT OF COASTAL MARSHES
AND RESOURCES ...3.0029
IDENTIFICATION OF PARASITES AND DISEASES EFFECTING
MARICULTURE SPECIES ...3.0037
Luciferin
THE EFFECT OF PESTICIDES ON PRIMARY PRODUCERS IN
A FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEM ...1.0350
2-85
-------
Ly si meters
SUBJECT INDEX
Lysimeters
SOILS, PESTICIDES AND THE QUALITY OF WATER ...1.0065
SOIL AND WATER MANAGEMENT FOR SALINITY CONTROL
PHASE II ...1.0066
ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLING
IN ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS ...1.0068
Magnetic Fields -bioeffects
ATMOSPHERIC CONSTITUENTS OF THE TERRESTRIAL-TYPE
PLANETS ...4.0007
Malaysia - Malaya
MOSQUITOES OF MALAYSIA ...4.0060
Mammal Studies
Censusing
FISH PRODUCTION AND GAME MANAGEMENT ON THE
IDLEWILD PLANTATION ...2.0142
Control of Nuisance Species
CURRENT FISH AND WILDLIFE PESTICIDE PROBLEMS
...1.0235
EVALUATION OF WATERFOWL PREDATOR CONTROL
METHODS . .2.0272
Food Supply
FISH PRODUCTION AND GAME MANAGEMENT ON THE
IDLEWILD PLANTATION ...2.0142
Mark, Tag or Capture
ARBOVIRUS STUDIES-HOUSTON AND THE TEXAS GULF
COAST ...2.0083
Pathology
DIAGNOSIS OF DISEASES IN WILDLIFE ...3.0134
Manometers
COMPARISON OF METHODS USED TO MEASURE ESTERASE
ACTIVITY. INTERACTIONS BETWEEN PESTICIDES ON
FISH ENZYME SYSTEMS ...1.0274
Mariana Islands
JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS ON GUAM ...4.0062
Marine Biology
PESTICIDE KINETICS ...1.0127
CHEMICAL ANALYSES ...1.0129
A STUDY PROGRAM TO IDENTIFY PROBLEMS RELATED TO
OCEANIC ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY - NORTH ATLAN-
TIC ...1.0140
A STUDY PROGRAM TO IDENTIFY PROBLEMS RELATED TO
OCEANIC ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY - NORTH ATLAN-
TIC ...1.0158
SERVICES FOR THE QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF PESTI-
CIDES IN SEAWATER AND BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES ...1.0172
LABORATORY BIOASSAYS ...1.0241
EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON ESTUARINE ORGANISMS
...1.0305
MARINE PILING ANALYSIS ...2.0296
IDENTIFICATION OF PARASITES AND DISEASES EFFECTING
MARICULTURE SPECIES ...3.0037
RESEARCH VESSEL OPERATIONS ...3.0048
Marine Animals
A STUDY PROGRAM TO IDENTIFY PROBLEMS RELATED TO
OCEANIC ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY - NORTH ATLAN-
TIC ...1.0140
A STUDY PROGRAM TO IDENTIFY PROBLEMS RELATED TO
OCEANIC ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY - NORTH ATLAN-
TIC ...1.0158
RESEARCH STUDY ON THE EFFECTS OF POLLUTION ON
SUB-TROPICAL FISH AND CRUSTACEANS ...1.0237
PESTICIDE MONITORING PROGRAM ...1.0238
ENZYME SYSTEMS OF ESTUARINE ORGANISMS ...1.0239
BEHAVIOR OF ESTUARINE ANIMALS ...1.0240
LABORATORY BIOASSAYS ...1.0241
PHYSIOLOGY OF ESTUARINE ORGANISMS ...1.0242
EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON MARINE ANIMALS ...1.0244
PESTICIDE RESIDUE EFFECTS ON LARVAL MARINE FISHES
...1.0254
ACCUMULATION OF PESTICIDES IN MENHADEN ...1.0299
EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON ESTUARINE ORGANISMS
.1.0304
EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON ESTUARINE ORGANISMS
...1.0305
PESTICIDE TOXICITY TO MARINE FISH AND INVER-
TEBRATES ...1.0307
PREVENTION OF PESTICIDE POLLUTION FROM COASTAL
INSECT CONTROL PROGRAMS ...1.0358
STUDIES OF SHARK REPELLENTS AND OTHER ANTISHARK
MEASURES ...2.0191
EFFECTS OF METHOXYCHLOR ON THE CONDITIONING OF
STRIPED BASS TO AN OLFACTORY STIMULUS ...2.0233
EVALUATION OF EFFECTS OF SATURATED HYDROCAR-
BONS ON PRESERVATIVE QUALITY OF CREOSOTE
...2.0267
'A METHOD OF DESTROYING ONCOMELANIA-THE SNAIL
VECTOR OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS1 ...2.0284
EFFECT OF PRETREATMENT MOLDING OF SOUTHERN PINE
ON THE PERMANENCE OF THE PRESERVATIVE IN SEA-
WATER EXPOSURE ...2.0295
MARINE PILING ANALYSIS ...2.0296
OYSTER DISEASE MORTALITY ALONG THE CALIFORNIA
COAST ...3.0022
PATHOLOGY RESEARCH ...3.0027
UTILIZATION AND MANAGEMENT OF COASTAL MARSHES
AND RESOURCES ...3.0029
PACIFIC OYSTER MORTALITY STUDIES ...3.0034
IDENTIFICATION OF PARASITES AND DISEASES EFFECTING
MARICULTURE SPECIES ...3.0037
RESEARCH VESSEL OPERATIONS ...3.0048
ECOLOGY OF RECREATIONALLY IMPORTANT ESTUARINE
FISHES IN OREGON ...3.0052
AQUICULTURE, SALMON CULTURE - RESEARCH ...3.0053
MARINE FISHERIES SYMBIOSIS AND PARASITISM
RESEARCH ..3.0055
VIRAL DISEASES OF MARINE FISHES ...3.0061
MULTIPLICATION OF ENTERIC VIRUSES IN SHELLFISH
...3.0069
MARINE FISH-CULTURE PATHOLOGY ...3.0070
BACTERIAL AND VIRAL DISEASES AND CELL CULTURES
OF MARINE FISH AND SHELLFISH ...3.0074
A HISTOLOGIC STUDY OF MARINE FISH ...3.0076
TESTS OF SELECTED SEED OYSTER STOCKS ON COMMER-
CIAL BEDS ...3.0079
MASS MORTALITY OF PACIFIC OYSTERS ALONG THE
WASHINGTON COAST ...3.0082
SPAWNING AND REARING OF MARINE FISH ...3.0110
AQUATIC MYXOBACTERIA, CHONDROCOCCUS COLUM-
NARIS AND OTHER FISH PATHOGENS ...3.0126
Marine Plants
ANAEROBIC DEGRADATION OF AROMATIC COMPOUNDS
IN THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT ...1.0131
EFFECTS OF MOSQUITO CONTROL DITCHING ON HIGH
SALT MARSHES IN NORTH CAROLINA ...2.0075
UTILIZATION AND MANAGEMENT OF COASTAL MARSHES
AND RESOURCES ...3.0029
2-86
-------
SUBJECT INDEX
Metals
AQUATIC MYXOBACTERIA, CHONDROCOCCUS COLUM-
NARIS AND OTHER FISH PATHOGENS ...3.0126
Marine Fouling -see Corrosion
MARINE PILING ANALYSIS ...2.0296
Marine Geology
Ocean Sediments
ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY OF SAN FRANCISCO BAY
WATERS AND SEDIMENTS ...1.0120
RESEARCH VESSEL OPERATIONS ...3.0048
Sub-bottom Structure
GREEN BAY RESEARCH PROGRAM ...1.0112
Marine Pollution
ESTUARINE ECOSYSTEMS ...1.0128
EFFLUENT INFLUENCES OF THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER ON THE
CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY OF ADJACENT OCEAN
SYSTEMS ...1.0130
A STUDY PROGRAM TO IDENTIFY PROBLEMS RELATED TO
OCEANIC ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY NORTH ATLAN-
TIC ...1.0140
A STUDY PROGRAM TO IDENTIFY PROBLEMS RELATED TO
OCEANIC ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY - NORTH ATLAN-
TIC ...1.0158
SERVICES FOR THE QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF PESTI-
CIDES IN SEAWATER AND BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES ...1.0172
BEHAVIOR OF ESTUARINE ANIMALS ...1.0240
LABORATORY BIOASSAYS ...1.0241
EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON MARINE ANIMALS ...1.0244
Maryland
PATHOLOGY - EPIZOOTIOLOGY ...3.0113
ECOLOGY AND CONTROL OF DISEASE VECTORS AND
RESERVOIRS ...4.0046
Massachusetts
MASSACHUSETTS PESTICIDE MONITORING STUDY ...1.0157
Mating Season
DEVELOPMENT OF CULTURE METHODS FOR MOSQUITOES
...4.0035
Mechanism of Transmission
ARBOV1RUS STUDIES-HOUSTON AND THE TEXAS GULF
COAST ...2.0083
ECOLOGY AND CONTROL OF DISEASE VECTORS AND
RESERVOIRS ...4.0046
Animal Reservoirs and Vectors
MALARIA ERADICATION RESEARCH ...2.0051
SWIMMER'S ITCH - INTERMEDIATE HOSTS, DISTRIBUTION
AND ECOLOGY ...2.0278
ARTHROPODS OF MEDICAL AND VETERINARY IM-
PORTANCE ...4.0031
JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS ON GUAM ...4.0062
INSECTS AS VECTORS OF DISEASES OF MILITARY IM-
PORTANCE IN ETHIOPIA THEIR ECOLOGY AND CONTROL
...4.0067
ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPORTANCE OF FILARIASIS IN
THAILAND ...4.0072
CALIFORNIA ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS IN WISCONSIN ...4.0075
Meetings
DESIGNING A GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING
SYSTEM . .1.0206
EUTROPHICATION
GRAZERS ...2.0170
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL USING
Metabolites From Pesticides
RESIDUES OF SELECTED PESTICIDES IN PLANTS, ANIMALS,
AND THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT ...1.0019
PESTICIDES IN SOILS AND WATERS OF THE SOUTHERN
PIEDMONT ...1.0033
REDUCTION OF HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH RESIDUES OF
INSECT1CIDAL CHEMICALS IN THE ENVIRONMENT
...1.0037
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS OF PESTICIDE USAGE
...1.0038
INSECTICIDAL CHEMICALS IN THE ENVIRONMENT ...1.0043
REDUCTION OF RESIDUES OF INSECTICIDAL CHEMICALS
IN THE ENVIRONMENT ...1.0046
ANALYSIS OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES ...1.0058
SOILS, PESTICIDES AND THE QUALITY OF WATER ...1.0061
PESTICIDAL RESIDUES OF AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS
...1.0063
FATE OF PESTICIDES ...1.0064
THE CYCLING OF CL-36 LABELED DDT IN NATURAL
ECOSYSTEMS ...1.0078
PESTICIDE DETOXICATION MECHANISMS OF MICROOR-
GANISMS IN SOIL AND WATER ...1.0087
ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR PESTICIDES AND PESTICIDE
DEGRADATION PRODUCTS ...1.0088
FATE AND PERSISTENCE OF PESTICIDES AND PHYSIOLOGI-
CALLY ACTIVE DEGRADATION PRODUCTS ...1.0089
FATE OF HERBICIDES IN PLANTS AND SOILS ...1.0095
HERBICIDE RESIDUES IN IRRIGATION WATER AND IN
CROPS AND SOILS IRRIGATED WITH TREATED WATER
...1.0107
SOILS, PESTICIDES AND THE QUALITY OF WATER ...1.0141
RESEARCH INITIATION FATE OF SELECTED OR-
GANOPHOSPHATE AND CARBAMATE INSECTICIDES IN
SURFACE WATERS ...1.0146
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SEDIMENTS
...1.0170
LIVESTOCK DETOXICATING MECHANISMS OF PESTICIDES
...1.0212
IMPROVING WATER QUALITY BY REMOVAL OF PESTICIDE
POLLUTANTS WITH AQUATIC PLANTS ...1.0216
TERMINAL RESIDUES OF CHLORINATED HYDROCARBON
PESTICIDES IN LAKE MICHIGAN AND ASSOCIATED
TRIBUTARIES ...1.0222
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN SUB-LETHAL PESTICIDES AND
REPRODUCTION AND BEHAVIOR OF FISHES ...1.0245
DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNIQUES FOR IDENTIFICATION OF
PESTICIDES AND THEIR METABOLITES BY MASS SPEC-
TROMETRY ...1.0295
EFFECT OF HERBICIDES ON AN AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT
...1.0319
INVESTIGATION OF MEANS FOR CONTROLLED SELF-
DESTRUCTION OF PESTICIDES ...1.0323
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS OF PESTICIDE USAGE
...1.0334
CHEMICAL CONTROL OF AQUATIC WEED NUISANCES
...2.0185
Metallic Alloys
INVESTIGATIONS OF ALGAE INHIBITING MATERIALS
...2.0106
Metals
CONTROL OF HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL SPILLS BY PHYSI-
CAL BARRIERS ...1.0086
2-87
-------
Metals
SUBJECT INDEX
BIOCHEMICAL ECOLOGICAL RELATIONSHIPS OF PESTI-
CIDES AND THE BIO-CONSTITUENTS OF AQUATIC COM-
MUNITIES ...1.0342
Boron
INSECT CHEMOSTER1LANTS ...2.0049
Tin
INVESTIGATIONS OF ALGAE INHIBITING MATERIALS
...2.0106
Metals -general
Heavy Metals
A STUDY PROGRAM TO IDENTIFY PROBLEMS RELATED TO
OCEANIC ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY - NORTH ATLAN-
TIC ...1.0140
ENZYMES FOR ANALYSIS AND PURIFICATION OF SALINE
WATER SYSTEMS ...1.0153
A STUDY PROGRAM TO IDENTIFY PROBLEMS RELATED TO
OCEANIC ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY NORTH ATLAN-
TIC ...1.0158
AN ECOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF STREAM EUTROPHICA-
TION ...1.0161
DEVELOP IN-HOUSE CAPABILITY IN WATER QUALITY
TECHNIQUES FOR ANALYSES OF HEAVY METALS, BAC-
TERIA, AND PESTICIDE RESIDUES ...1.0171
DEEPWATER PILOT PLANT ENGINEERING AND INTERCEP-
TOR FEASIBILITY STUDY ...1.0184
CENTER FOR STUDY OF THE HUMAN ENVIRONMENT
...1.0190
ENZYME AND TISSUE ALTERATIONS IN FISH - A MEASURE
OF WATER QUALITY ...1.0248
BIOCHEMICAL EFFECTS OF TOXIC CHEMICALS ...1.0303
Metals -nonspecific
FATE OF HARMFUL METALS IN SOIL AND WATER
SYSTEMS ...1.0003
REACTIONS OF PESTICIDES WITH SOILS ...1.0020
IMPACT ON MAN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION
CAUSED BY LEAD ...1.0123
ENZYMES FOR ANALYSIS AND PURIFICATION OF SALINE
WATER SYSTEMS ...1.0153
MICROWAVE-EXCITED EMISSION DETECTOR FOR PESTI-
CIDES AND TRACE METAL ANALYSIS ...1.0195
Salts
STUDY OF METHODS FOR REDUCING WATER POLLUTION
FROM STORM SEWER AND COMBINATION DISCHARGES
THROUGH DEFINED PUBLIC WORKS PRACTICES ...1.0142
SORPTION AND DESORPTION OF CHLORINATED
HYDROCARBON PESTICIDES IN AQUATIC SEDIMENT
MINERALS ...1.0181
PROVIDE A CONTINUOUS SURVEY OF THE LITERATURE
ON STORM AND COMBINED SEWERS ...1.0199
EFFECT OF CONTROLLING SALT-MARSH MOSQUITOES
...2.0082
Trace Metals
CENTER FOR STUDY OF THE HUMAN ENVIRONMENT
...1.0190
MICROWAVE-EXCITED EMISSION DETECTOR FOR PESTI-
CIDES AND TRACE METAL ANALYSIS ...1.0195
BIOCHEMICAL EFFECTS OF TOXIC CHEMICALS ...1.0303
THE ROLE OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF
NUISANCE GROWTHS ...2.0174
Metals -transition
Chromium
BEHAVIOR OF PESTICIDES AND POLLUTANTS IN SOIL
WATER, AND PLANTS ...1.0053
BIOCHEMICAL EFFECTS OF TOXIC CHEMICALS ...1.0303
THE ROLE OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF
NUISANCE GROWTHS ...2.0174
Copper
MODE OF ACTION, TOXICITY, AND FACTORS INFLUENC-
ING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF FUNGICIDES ...1.0082
CENTER FOR STUDY OF THE HUMAN ENVIRONMENT
...1.0190
MINERAL IMBALANCE IN BLUEGILLS EXPOSED TO
MALATHION PESTICIDE-INDUCED MINERAL IMBALANCE
IN FISH ...1.0292
TOXICITY OF SELECTED METALS TO CONDITIONED FISH
...1.0302
EVALUATION OF HERBICIDES FOR CONTROL OF AQUATIC
WEEDS ...2.0116
THE PHYSIOLOGY AND CHEMICAL CONTROL OF AQUATIC
WEEDS IN THE SOUTHEAST ...2.0129
Iron
EFFECTS OF CHEMICAL IMPURITIES IN WATER DISINFEC-
TION BY HALOGENS ...1.0155
MINERAL IMBALANCE IN BLUEGILLS EXPOSED TO
MALATHION PESTICIDE-INDUCED MINERAL IMBALANCE
IN FISH ...1.0292
EVALUATION OF POND CONDfriONS FOLLOWING PER-
TILIZATION ...2.0153
THE EFFECTS OF THANITE ON THE INORGANIC BLOOD
CHEMISTRIES OF FISHES ...2.0253
THE EFFECTS OF THANTTE ON THE ACID-BASE BALANCE
IN THE BLOOD OF FISHES ...2.0254
Manganese
MINERAL IMBALANCE IN BLUEGILLS EXPOSED TO
MALATHION PESTICIDE-INDUCED MINERAL IMBALANCE
IN FISH ...1.0292
THE ROLE OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF
NUISANCE GROWTHS ...2.0174
Nickel
BEHAVIOR OF PESTICIDES AND POLLUTANTS IN SOIL,
WATER, AND PLANTS ...1.0053
THE ROLE OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF
NUISANCE GROWTHS ...2.0174
Vanadium
THE ROLE OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF
NUISANCE GROWTHS ...2.0174
Metals, B Sub-group
Aluminum
CHARACTERIZATION OF SURFACES OF CRYSTALLINE AND
AMORPHOUS SOIL COLLOIDS ...1.0042
ALTERING PERSISTENCE AND MOVEMENT OF HERBICIDES
IN SOIL, WATER, AND PLANTS ...1.0106
Cadmium
BEHAVIOR OF PESTICIDES AND POLLUTANTS IN SOIL,
WATER, AND PLANTS ...1.0053
TOXICITY OF SELECTED METALS TO CONDITIONED FISH
...1.0302
Lead
BEHAVIOR OF PESTICIDES AND POLLUTANTS IN SOIL,
WATER, AND PLANTS ...1.0053
IMPACT ON MAN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION
CAUSED BY LEAD ...1.0123
CENTER FOR STUDY OF THE HUMAN ENVIRONMENT
...1.0190
Mercury
CONTROL OF HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL SPILLS BY PHYSI-
CAL BARRIERS ...1.0086
IMPACT ON MAN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION
CAUSED BY LEAD ...1.0123
PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN KANSAS STREAMS ...1.0150
CURRENT FISH AND WILDLIFE PESTICIDE PROBLEMS
...1.0235
2-88
-------
SUBJECT INDEX
Mississippi
Zinc
BEHAVIOR OF PESTICIDES AND POLLUTANTS IN SOIL,
WATER, AND PLANTS ...1.0053
MINERAL IMBALANCE IN BLUEG1LLS EXPOSED TO
MALATHION PESTICIDE-INDUCED MINERAL IMBALANCE
IN FISH ...1.0292
TOXICITY OF SELECTED METALS TO CONDITIONED FISH
...1.0302
EFFECTS OF TOXICANTS UPON FISH MOVEMENT PAT-
TERNS ...1.0308
Michigan
AN ECOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF STREAM EUTROPHICA-
TION ...1.0161
ASSESSMENT OF LAKE TROUT RESTORATION IN MICHIGAN
WATERS OF LAKE MICHIGAN, 1969-70 ...2.0202
SEA LAMPREY CONTROL AGE AND GROWTH STUDIES
...2.0206
SWIMMER'S ITCH INTERMEDIATE HOST, DISTRIBUTION
AND ECOLOGY ...2.0279
Microorganisms -nonspecific
INACTIVATION AND LOSS OF PESTICIDES FROM SOIL
...1.0002
EFFECT OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES AND OTHER ORGANO-
TOXICANTS ON THE QUALITY OF SURFACE AND
GROUNDWATER RESOURCES ...1.0041
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS IN THE SURVIVAL OF MAN
...1.0132
PESTICIDES AND MICROBIAL ECOLOGY OF LAKE CHAM-
PLAIN ...1.0213
TERMINAL RESIDUES OF CHLORINATED HYDROCARBON
PESTICIDES IN LAKE MICHIGAN AND ASSOCIATED
TRIBUTARIES ...1.0222
THE CHEMISTRY AND TOXICOLOGY OF AGRICULTURAL
CHEMICALS ...1.0322
CONSTRUCTION OF PESTICIDES DEGRADABLE BY NOR-
MAL MICROFLORA OF NATURAL WATERS AND SOILS
...1.0331
DISTRIBUTION AND METABOLIC FATE OF INDUSTRIAL
POLLUTANTS AND PESTICIDES IN A MODEL AQUATIC
ECOSYSTEM ...1.0333
BIODEGRADATION OF PESTICIDES IN A FRESHWATER
ECOSYSTEM INTERACTION BETWEEN MICROORGAN-
ISMS AND PESTICIDES ...1.0352
AQUATIC PEST CONTROL ...2.0112
ALLEVIATION OF LAKE POLLUTION BY UTILIZATION OF
AQUATIC PLANTS FOR NUTRITIONAL, MEDICINAL OR IN-
DUSTRIAL PURPOSES ...2.0152
PACIFIC OYSTER MORTALITY STUDIES ...3.0034
ETIOLOGY OF ESTUARINE FISH DISEASES ...3.0040
THE RELATIONSHIP OF TEMPERATURE TO DISEASE OF
SALMONID FISHES ...3.0051
INFLUENCE OF SUSPENDED MICROSCOPIC SUBSTANCES
ON THE METABOLISM OF MICROORGANISMS RESPONSI-
BLE FOR BIOLOGICAL ENRICHMENT OF WATER ...4.0027
Mineral Composition
MINERAL IMBALANCE IN BLUEGILLS EXPOSED TO
MALATHION PESTICIDE-INDUCED MINERAL IMBALANCE
IN FISH ...1.0292
INTERACTIONS BETWEEN AQUATIC PLANTS AND SEWAGE
EFFLUENT ...4.0001
Mineral Content -water
PROPERTIES OF TILE DRAINAGE WATER ...1.0045
UPPER ST. JOHNS RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY, FLORIDA
...1.0134
STATIC BIOASSAY OF TRACERS AND DYES AGAINST FISH
AND INVERTEBRATES ...1.0316
AQUATIC WEED CONTROL RESEARCH ...2.0100
WEED CONTROL IN IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE SYSTEMS
...2.0104
GROWTH REGULATORS AND MINERAL NUTRITION IN
AQUATIC PLANT CONTROL ...2.0134
CONTROL OF UNDESIRABLE AQUATIC VEGETATION IN
LAKE TANEYCOMO, MISSOURI ...2.0154
THE ROLE OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF
NUISANCE GROWTHS ...2.0174
NUISANCE ALGAL GROWTH RELATED TO ENVIRONMEN-
TAL FACTORS ...2.0180
EXPERIMENTATION WITH FINTROL AS A FISH TOXICANT
IN DEEP SOFTWATER LAKES ...2.0216
THE EFFICACY AND PERSISTENCE OF FORMULATIONS OF
ANTIMYCIN ...2.0244
STATIC BIOASSAY OF TOXICANTS AGAINST FISH AND IN-
VERTEBRATES ...2.0255
STATIC BIOASSAY OF REPRODUCTIVE CONTROLS AGAINST
FISH AND INVERTEBRATES ...2.0256
STATIC BIOASSAY OF COLLECTING AIDS AGAINST FISH
..2.0257
STATIC BIOASSAY OF ATTRACTANTS AND REPELLANTS
AGAINST FISH AND INVERTEBRATES ...2.0258
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF MCN-JR-7464 AS AN ANESTHETIC
FOR SELECTED SPECIES OF FISH (ABBREV) ...2.0261
PATHOLOGY OF AEROMONAS LIQUIFACIENS IN CHANNEL
CATFISH ...3.0013
THE EFFECT OF POLLUTION ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF LPP
PHYCO-VIRUSES IN RELATION TO POLLUTION OF THE
CHRISTINA RIVER ...4.0004
TOXIC SUBSTANCES AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF
HYACINTHS AND OTHER WATER PLANTS ...4.0005
EUTROPHICATION OF IOWA LAKES AND STREAMS ...4.0008
AN INVESTIGATION OF THE CAUSES, EFFECTS, AND CON-
TROL OF EUTROPHICATION IN MAINE LAKES ...4.0011
BIOLOGIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL OF EURASIAN
MILFOIL (MYRIOPHYLLUM SPICATUM L.) IN CHES-
APEAKE BAY ...4.0012
THE ECOLOGY OF SELECTED SUBMERSED AQUATIC
WEEDS ...4.0014
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN WATER QUALITY AND PLANT
GROWTH IN PONDS ...4.0019
THE ECOLOGY OF SELECTED SUBMERSED AQUATIC
WEEDS ...4.0020
A PROPOSAL TO STUDY PHOSPHATE INDUCED ALGAL
GROWTH IN ORDER TO SUPPRESS OR ELIMINATE THIS
PHENOMENA ...4.0021
EFFECTS OF EUTROPHICATION ON AQUATIC VEGETATION
- PHASE II ...4.0023
ECOLOGY OF SELECTED SUBMERSED AQUATIC WEEDS
...4.0024
NUTRIENT DYNAMICS IN AN ARTIFICIALLY ENRICHED
LAKE ...4.0025
TISSUE ANALYSIS FOR NUTRIENT ASSAY OF NATURAL
WATERS ...4.0030
Minnesota
PESTICIDES INPUTS AND LEVELS IN MINNESOTA WATERS
OF LAKE SUPERIOR BASIN ...1.0166
LAKE SUPERIOR COMMERCIAL FISHERIES ASSESSMENT
STUDIES ...2.0212
EXPERIMENTAL ESTABLISHMENT OF MONOSPECIFIC WAL-
LEYE POPULATIONS AS A MANAGEMENT MEASURE FOR
SMALL WARMWATER LAKES IN NORTHERN MINNESOTA
...2.0214
NUTRIENT CONTROL PROJECT DETROIT LAKES, MIN-
NESOTA ...4.0015
PHYTOPLANKTON NUTRITION AND PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN
EUTROPHIC LAKES ...4.0016
Mississippi
GEOGRAPHIC ATLAS OF PESTICIDE OCCURRENCE IN THE
BARATARIA BAY-MISSISSIPPI DELTA ...1.0152
2-89
-------
Mississippi River
Mississippi River
SUBJECT INDEX
EFFLUENT INFLUENCES OF THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER ON THE
CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY OF ADJACENT OCEAN
SYSTEMS ...1.0130
MAYFLY DISTRIBUTION AS A WATER QUALITY INDEX
...1.0169
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SEDIMENTS
...1.0170
IDENTIFICATION OF PARASITES AND DISEASES EFFECTING
MARICULTURE SPECIES ...3.0037
Missouri
IN
CONTROL OF UNDESIRABLE AQUATIC VEGETATION
LAKE TANEYCOMO, MISSOURI ...1.0154
CONTROL OF EURASIAN MILFOIL ...2.0156
CONTROL AND UTILIZATION OF AQUATIC PLANTS ...2.0157
Mode of Action -animal
REDUCTION OF RESIDUES OF INSECTICIDAL CHEMICALS
IN THE ENVIRONMENT ...1.0046
METABOLISM OF ENDRIN IN PONDS ...1.0113
RESEARCH INITIATION - FATE OF SELECTED OR-
GANOPHOSPHATE AND CARBAMATE INSECTICIDES IN
SURFACE WATERS ...1.0146
A TISSUE ENZYME ASSAY FOR CHLORINATED HYDROCAR-
BON INSECTICIDES ...1.0168
EFFECT OF ENDRIN ON EGG-SPERM FORMATION AND
EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT ...1.0229
EFFECT OF ENDRIN ON FISH AND THEIR ENVIRONMENT
UNDER CONTROLLED CONDITIONS ...1.0230
PRELIMINARY STUDIES ON ENDRIN AND OTHER PESTICIDE
UPTAKES BY FINGERLING CHANNEL CATFISH ...1.0231
EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON AQUATIC ANIMALS IN THE
ESTUARINE AND MARINE ENVIRONMENTS ...1.0234
ENZYME SYSTEMS OF ESTUARINE ORGANISMS ...1.0239
PHYSIOLOGY OF ESTUARINE ORGANISMS ...1.0242
EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON MARINE ANIMALS ...1.0243
EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON MARINE ANIMALS ...1.0244
CONTAMINATION OF CHANNEL CATFISH WITH DIELDRIN
FROM AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF ...1.0247
EFFECTS OF CHRONIC SUBLETHAL DOSAGES OF DDT ON
THE SWIMMING PERFORMANCE OF ATLANTIC SALMON
PARR ...1.0252
PESTICIDE RESIDUE EFFECTS ON LARVAL MARINE FISHES
.1.0254
FACTORS AFFECTING PESTICIDE TOXICITY ...1.0255
LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON AQUATIC INVER-
TEBRATES ...1.0258
PHYSIOLOGIC RESPONSE OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS TO
POLLUTANTS ...1.0260
BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN
FISH ...1.0261
STREAM STUDIES TO DETERMINE TOXIC EFFECTS OF
METHOXYCHLOR IN FISH POPULATIONS ...1.0263
A TISSUE ENZYME ASSAY FOR CHLORINATED HYDROCAR-
BON INSECTICIDES ...1.0265
MODE OF ACTION OF INSECTICIDES AS RELATED TO IN-
SECT METABOLISM AND BEHAVIOR ...1.0266
THE UPTAKE OF AND BIOLOGICAL RESPONSES TO
AROCLORS IN CHANNEL CATFISH ...1.0267
SCREENING PESTICIDES FOR TERATOGENIC EFFECTS ON
GAMBUSIA - CHRONIC TOXICITY OF PESTICIDES TO
FRESHWATER FISHES ...1.0268
PESTICIDE EFFECTS ON FISH ENDOCRINE FUNCTIONS
...1.0269
EFFECTS ON THE SPERMIATION RESPONSE OF GOLDFISH
AFTER EXPOSURE TO SELECTED PESTICIDES ...1.0270
NERVE IMPULSE TRANSMISSION CHARACTERISTICS OF
ISOLATED FISH-NERVE PREPARATIONS PERFUSED WITH
PHYSIOLOGICAL LEVELS OF SELECTED PESTICIDES
.1.0271
THYROIDAL 1125 UPTAKE IN IMMATURE CHANNEL CAT-
FISH FOLLOWING EXPOSURE TO SELECTED TOXICANTS
...1.0272
SERUM ANALYSIS OF CUTTHROAT TROUT EXPOSED
CHRONICALLY TO METHOXYCHLOR PESTICIDE EFFECTS
ON FISH ENDOCRINE FUNCTIONS ...1.0273
COMPARISON OF METHODS USED TO MEASURE ESTERASE
ACTIVITY. INTERACTIONS BETWEEN PESTICIDES ON
FISH ENZYME SYSTEMS ...1.0274
SEASONAL CHANGES IN ESTERASE ACTIVITY IN FISH AND
INVERTEBRATES. INTERACTIONS BETWEEN PESTICIDES
ON FISH ENZYME SYSTEMS ...1.0275
CHARACTERIZATION OF ESTERASE(S) PRESENT IN FISH
BLOOD ...1.0276
SCREENING OF PESTICIDES AGAINST FISH AT COLUMBIA
MISSOURI ...1.0277
THE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF VARIOUS LIFE STAGES OF FRESH-
WATER FISHES TO THREE TOXICANTS ...1.0279
INVESTIGATION OF STRESS-INDUCED MOBILIZATION OF
INSECTICIDE RESIDUES CHRONIC TOXICITY OF PESTI-
CIDES TO FISH ...1.0281
CHRONIC EFFECTS OF DURSBAN ON WARM-WATER FISH
...1.0282
EFFECTS OF PARATHION AND MALATHION ON WARM-
WATER FISH PONDS ...1.0283
UPTAKE, PERSISTENCE AND METABOLITES OF SEVIN BY
CHANNEL CATFISH ...1.0284
CHRONIC TOXICITY OF PESTICIDES TO FRESHWATER
FISHES ...1.0285
EARLY SQUAMATION OF BLUEGILL (LEPOMIS
MACROCHIRUS) AND FATHEAD MINNOWS (PIMEPHALES
PROMELAS) EXPOSED TO AROCLORS ...1.0286
PESTICIDE EFFECTS ON FISH ENDOCRINE FUNCTIONS
...1.0288
PESTICIDE EFFECTS ON NITROGEN METABOLISM IN
TELEOSTS ...1.0289
PESTICIDE EFFECTS ON NITROGEN METABOLISM IN
TELEOSTS ...1.0290
PESTICIDE EFFECTS ON FISH ENDOCRINE FUNCTIONS
...1.0291
MINERAL IMBALANCE IN BLUEGILLS EXPOSED TO
MALATHION PESTICIDE-INDUCED MINERAL IMBALANCE
IN FISH ...1.0292
CONTINUOUS-FLOW BIOASSAY OF PESTICIDES TO EVALU-
ATE THE ACUTE AND CHRONIC EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES
TO FRESHWATER INVERTEBRATES ...1.0294
METHOXYCHLOR-CAUSED EFFECTS ON CUTTHROAT
TROUT PHYSIOLOGY CHRONIC TOXICITY OF INSECTI-
CIDES TO COLD-WATER FISH ...1.0296
ACCUMULATION OF PESTICIDES IN MENHADEN ...1.0299
TOXICITY OF SELECTED METALS TO CONDITIONED FISH
...1.0302
EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON ESTUARINE ORGANISMS
...1.0304
EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON ESTUARINE ORGANISMS
...1.0305
INHIBITORY EFFECT OF DDT IN ATPASE ASSAY MIXTURES
...1.0309
STATIC BIOASSAY OF TRACERS AND DYES AGAINST FISH
AND INVERTEBRATES ...1.0316
FISHERY RESOURCES PROGRAM ...1.0317
THE CHEMISTRY AND TOXICOLOGY OF AGRICULTURAL
CHEMICALS ...1.0322
CONSTRUCTION OF PESTICIDES DEGRADABLE BY NOR-
MAL MICROFLORA OF NATURAL WATERS AND SOILS
...1.0331
EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON NON-TARGET ORGANISMS
...1.0341
IN VITRO POTENCY OF SEVERAL ANTICHOLINESTERASE
AGENTS WITH SELECTED MEMBERS OF THE AQUATIC
ENVIRONMENT ...1.0348
INFLUENCE OF PROTOZOAN ACTIVITY ON HALOGENATED
HYDROCARBON RESIDUES INTERACTION BETWEEN
MICROORGANISMS AND PESTICIDES ...1.0349
POND ECOLOGY AND PRODUCTION AS AFFECTED BY
SIMAZINE ...1.0353
STUDIES ON THE UPTAKE AND TRANSLOCATION OF CM-
LABELED DDT AND ALDRIN IN INVERTEBRATE POPULA-
TIONS, FY 1970 ...1.0354
2-90
-------
SUBJECT INDEX
Models
RESPIRATION RATES OF FISH-FOOD INVERTEBRATES EX-
POSED TO PESTICIDES ...1.03SS
TOXICOLOGY OF PESTICIDES IN THE ENVIRONMENT
...1.0360
PHARMACOLOGICAL AND ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF
PESTICIDES ...1.0362
THE EFFECT OF PESTICIDES ON AN ECOSYSTEM ...1.0365
STUDY ON THE EFFECTS OF FISH TOXICANTS ANTIMYCIN
A AND ROTENONE ON POND COMMUNITIES ...1.0366
INVESTIGATIONS OF PHEROMONES AS CHEMOSTERILANTS
FOR INSECTS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO SYNTHETIC
QUEN SUBSTANCE AND ITS ANALOGUES ...2.0021
INSECT CHEMOSTERILANTS ...2.0049
SUSCEPTIBILITY OF INSECTS TO INSECTICIDES ...2.0055
NEW OR IMPROVED TECHNIQUES FOR SAFE CHEMICAL
CONTROL OF ECTOPARASITES OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS
...2.0077
THE BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF ARTHROPODS AFFECT-
ING MAN AND ANIMALS ...2.0078
ACTION MECHANISMS OF INSECTICIDAL DERIVATIVES
...2.0089
CONTROL OF WEEDS AND CERTAIN OTHER AQUATIC
PESTS IN THE PACIFIC SOUTHWEST ...2.0101
WEED CONTROL IN IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE SYSTEMS
...2.0104
SEA LAMPREY CONTROL - AGE AND GROWTH STUDIES
...2.0206
EFFECTS OF METHOXYCHLOR ON THE CONDITIONING OF
STRIPED BASS TO AN OLFACTORY STIMULUS ...2.0233
EFFECT OF ANESTHESIA ON THE BLOOD CHEMISTRY OF
FISHES ...2.0234
INTENSIVE SCREENING OF POTENTIAL FISH CONTROL
AGENTS - POTENTIATION OF ANTIMYCIN ...2.0241
ROUTE(S) OF EXCRETION OF QUINALDINE SULFATE, A
FISH ANESTHETIC ..2.0249
IN VIVO AND IN VITRO STUDIES ON THE MODE OF ACTION
OF TFM ...2.0250
METABOLISM AND EXCRETION OF TFM ...2.0251
THE EFFECTS OF TFM ON THE BLOOD CHEMISTRY OF
FISHES ...2.0252
THE EFFECTS OF THANITE ON THE INORGANIC BLOOD
CHEMISTRIES OF FISHES ...2.0253
THE EFFECTS OF THANITE ON THE ACID-BASE BALANCE
IN THE BLOOD OF FISHES ...2.0254
STATIC BIOASSAY OF TOXICANTS AGAINST FISH AND IN-
VERTEBRATES ...2.0255
STATIC BIOASSAY OF REPRODUCTIVE CONTROLS AGAINST
FISH AND INVERTEBRATES ...2.0256
STATIC BIOASSAY OF COLLECTING AIDS AGAINST FISH
...2.0257
STATIC BIOASSAY OF ATTRACTANTS AND REPELLANTS
AGAINST FISH AND INVERTEBRATES ...2.0258
CONTINUOUS FLOW BIOASSAY OF TOXICANTS AGAINST
FISH AND INVERTEBRATES ...2.0259
EFFECTS OF FISH CONTROL AGTS ON BLOOD CHEM & HE-
MATOPOIETIC TISSUE OF FISH. EFFECTS OF ANTIMYCIN
A. ON ACID-BASE BALANCE IN BLOOD OF FISH ...2.0260
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF MCN-JR-7464 AS AN ANESTHETIC
FOR SELECTED SPECIES OF FISH (ABBREV) ...2.0261
THE EFFECTS OF ANTIMYCIN A ON THE METABOLISM OF
SELECTED TISSUES IN FISH (ABBREV) ...2.0262
CORRELATION OF STRUCTURE VS. ACTIVITY OF POLLU-
TANTS OF FRESH WATER ...2.0290
MOLLUSCICIDES A CORRELATION OF STRUCTURE VS.
ACTIVITY ...2.0291
DEVELOPMENT OF AN ORALLY EFFECTIVE INSECT REPEL-
LENT ...4.0051
LABORATORY ANALYSIS OF INSECTICIDE EFFECTIVENESS
AGAINST MEDICALLY IMPORTANT INSECTS ...4.0068
Mode of Action -plant
RESPROUTING OF CHAPARRAL ...1.0017
CONTROL OF WEEDS IN AGRONOMIC AND VEGETABLE
CROPS WITH HERBICIDES ...1.0025
INSECTICIDAL CHEMICALS IN THE ENVIRONMENT ...1.0043
FATE OF PESTICIDES ...1.0064
MODE OF ACTION, TOXICITY, AND FACTORS INFLUENC-
ING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF FUNGICIDES ...1.0082
COMPARATIVE EFFECTS OF WEED COMPETITION, HERBI-
CIDES AND OTHER WEED CONTROL PRACTICES ON
PLANT RESPONSE ...1.0145
RESEARCH INITIATION - FATE OF SELECTED OR-
GANOPHOSPHATE AND CARBAMATE INSECTICIDES IN
SURFACE WATERS ...1.0146
DEVELOPMENT OF TILLAGE-REPLACING HERBICIDE
SYSTEMS ...1.0196
EFFECT OF HERBICIDES ON AN AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT
...1.0228
EFFECT OF HERBICIDES ON AN AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT
...1.0319
CONSTRUCTION OF PESTICIDES DEGRADABLE BY NOR-
MAL MICROFLORA OF NATURAL WATERS AND SOILS
...1.0331
AN INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECTS OF DDT AND OTHER
CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS ON THE GROWTH OF
EURYHALINE MICROALGAE ...1.0336
POND ECOLOGY AND PRODUCTION AS AFFECTED BY
SIMAZINE ...1.0353
TOXICOLOGY OF PESTICIDES IN THE ENVIRONMENT
...1.0360
ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY OF PESTICIDES ...1.0361
GROWTH REGULATORS AND MINERAL NUTRITION IN
AQUATIC PLANT CONTROL ...2.0134
EXPANDED AQUATIC PLANT CONTROL PROJECT ...2.0146
METHODS FOR CONTROLLING ALLIGATORWEED AND
OTHER WEEDS IN CANALS, WATERWAYS, AND AD-
JACENT WATERS IN THE SOUTHEASTERN U. S. ...2.0186
LIFE CYCLES OF ROTTBELLIA EXALTATA AND AM-
PHIBROMUS SCABRIVALVIS AND DEVELOPMENT OF
CONTROL MEASURES ...4.0010
Models
Computer Models
PRINCIPLES, FACILITIES AND SYSTEMS FOR GROUND
WATER RECHARGE-SOUTHERN PLAINS ...1.0094
Mathematical Models
PESTICIDE MOBILITY AND DEGRADATION IN SOIL-WATER
SYSTEMS ...1.0006
PESTICIDE MOBILITY AND DEGRADATION IN SOIL-WATER
SYSTEMS ...1.0013
PESTICIDE MOBILITY AND DEGRADATION IN SOIL-WATER
SYSTEMS ...1.0034
MOVEMENT OF HERBICIDES IN SOIL BY MASS FLOW
...1.0044
SOILS, PESTICIDES AND THE QUALITY OF WATER ...1.0065
PESTICIDE MOBILITY AND DEGRADATION IN SOIL-WATER
SYSTEMS ...1.0084
INVESTIGATION INTO RECREATIONAL WATER QUALITY
CRITERIA ...1.0116
AN INVESTIGATION INTO RECREATIONAL WATER QUALI-
TY CRITERIA ...1.0117
ATTENTION AND RUNOFF OF PESTICIDES FROM AGRICUL-
TURAL LANDS TO SURFACE WATERS ...1.0124
Models -other
PESTICIDE MOBILITY AND DEGRADATION IN SOIL-WATER
SYSTEMS ...1.0013
MOVEMENT OF HERBICIDES IN SOIL, SURFACE WATER
AND UNDERGROUND WATER ...1.0099
Physical Models
PRINCIPLES, FACILITIES AND SYSTEMS FOR GROUND
WATER RECHARGE-SOUTHERN PLAINS ...1.0094
SORPTION AND DESORPTION OF CHLORINATED
HYDROCARBON PESTICIDES IN AQUATIC SEDIMENT
MINERALS ...1.0181
EUTROPHICATION PILOT OPERATIONS ...2.0172
ALGACIDES FOR USE IN WATER RECLAMATION AND
REUSE SYSTEMS ...2.0177
2-91
W5-868 O - 72 17
-------
Mollusca
SUBJECT INDEX
Mollusca
Clams
PESTICIDES INPUTS AND LEVELS IN MINNESOTA WATERS
OF LAKE SUPERIOR BASIN ...1.0166
PRESTICIDE INPUTS AND LEVELS IN MINNESOTA WATERS
OF THE LAKE SUPERIOR BASIN ...1.0167
PHYSIOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR OF LARVAE (PHYSIOECOLO-
GY OF SHELLFISH PROGRAM) ...1.0236
PESTICIDE MONITORING PROGRAM ...1.0238
EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON ESTUARINE ORGANISMS
1.0305
AQUATIC WEED CONTROL RESEARCH ...2.0100
CONTROL OF WEEDS AND CERTAIN OTHER AQUATIC
PESTS IN THE PACIFIC SOUTHWEST ...2.0101
WEED CONTROL IN IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE SYSTEMS
...2.0104
MOLLUSCAN MORTALITY STUDIES ...3.0032
ECOLOGY OF RECREATIONALLY IMPORTANT ESTUARINE
FISHES IN OREGON ...3.0052
Gastropoda
OCCURRENCE OF PESTICIDES IN AQUATIC ENVIRON-
MENTS ...1.0219
THE FATE OF SELECT PESTICIDES IN THE AQUATIC EN-
VIRONMENT ...1.0330
AN EVALUATION OF WIDELY USED HERBICIDES ON
AQUATIC PLANTS, FISH AND FISH-FOOD ORGANISMS
...1.0343
ECOLOGY AND BIOCONTROL OF AQUATIC WEEDS IN THE
SOUTHEAST ...2.0117
MASS REARING OF MARISA CORNUARIETIS FOR BIOLOGI-
CAL CONTROL OF AQUATIC WEEDS IN EMPERATE
WATERS ...2.0124
METHODS FOR CONTROLLING ALLIGATORWEED AND
OTHER WEEDS IN CANALS, WATERWAYS, AND AD-
JACENT WATERS IN THE SOUTHEASTERN U. S. ...2.0186
CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC CONTROL OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS BY
HORMONES ...2.0266
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF SNAILS ...2.0268
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF SNAILS AND SLUGS ...2.0269
SCHISTOSOME CONTROL BY TREMATODE ANTAGONISM
...2.0270
NATURAL HISTORY OF PREDATORS AND COMPETITORS
(PREDATOR CONTROL PROGRAM) ...2.0271
EXPERIMENTS TO RE-ESTABLISH HISTORICAL OYSTER
SEED GROUNDS AND TO CONTROL THE SOUTHERN
OYSTER DRILL ...2.0274
THE BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF THE SNAIL INTER-
MEDIATE HOST OF SCHISTOSOMES ...2.0276
BIOLOGY AND BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF SCHISTOSOMIA-
SIS ...2.0277
SWIMMER'S ITCH INTERMEDIATE HOSTS, DISTRIBUTION
AND ECOLOGY ...2.0278
SWIMMER'S ITCH INTERMEDIATE HOST, DISTRIBUTION
AND ECOLOGY ...2.0279
INCIDENCE BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF FASCIOLA
HEPATICA IN THE SOUTHWEST ...2.0280
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF TERRESTRIAL MOLLUSCS
...2.0281
BIOLOGICAL STUDIES OF MALACOPHAGOUS DIPTERA
...2.0282
EUROPEAN SCIOMYZIDAE ...2.0283
•A METHOD OF DESTROYING ONCOMELANIA-THE SNAIL
VECTOR OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS' ...2.0284
METHOD OF KILLING ONCOMELANIA & AQUATIC SNAIL
VECTORS OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS ...2.0285
DEVELOPMENT OF A TOXIC BAIT ...2.0286
STUDY THE BIOLOGY OF A GROUP OF SNAIL-KILLING
FLIES ...2.0287
ENTOMOLOGICAL PESTS OF VEGETABLE CROPS ...2.0288
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF TERRESTIAL MOLLUSKS
...2.0289
CORRELATION OF STRUCTURE VS. ACTIVITY OF POLLU-
TANTS OF FRESH WATER ...2.0290
MOLLUSCICIDES - A CORRELATION OF STRUCTURE VS
ACTIVITY ...2.0291
OYSTER DRIL (OCINEBRA JAPON1CA) CONTROL ...2.0293
THE CONTROL OF SLUGS ...2.0294
DISEASE-RESISTANT OYSTERS ...3.0114
INTER-DISCIPLINARY RESEARCH IN THE AREA OF THE
KANO PLAINS, WESTERN KENYA ...4.0059
Lamellibranchiata -other
PESTICIDE MONITORING PROGRAM LAKE MICHIGAN
...1.0143
PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN KANSAS STREAMS ...1.0150
PESTICIDE MONITORING OF AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT,
MICHIGAN PORTION OF THE GREAT LAKES BASIN
...1.0163
PESTICIDES MOVEMENT FROM CROPLAND INTO LAKE
ERIE . .1.0193
THE UPTAKE OF DIELDRIN IN THE THREE RIDGED NAIAD,
AMBLEMA PLICATA ...1.0301
MARINE PILING ANALYSIS ...2.0296
MULTIPLICATION OF ENTERIC VIRUSES IN SHELLFISH
...3.0069
Mollusca -other
PESTICIDE MONITORING PROGRAM ...1.0156
BEHAVIOR OF ESTUARINE ANIMALS ...1.0240
ALGAL FOODS OF SHELLFISH (MICROORGANISMS AFFECT-
ING SHELLFISH PROGRAM) ...1.0326
UTILIZATION AND MANAGEMENT OF COASTAL MARSHES
AND RESOURCES ...3.0029
IDENTIFICATION OF PARASITES AND DISEASES EFFECTING
MARICULTURE SPECIES ...3.0037
MARINE FISH-CULTURE PATHOLOGY ...3.0070
Ostreidae
PHYSIOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR OF LARVAE (PHYSIOECOLO-
GY OF SHELLFISH PROGRAM) ...1.0236
PESTICIDE MONITORING PROGRAM ...1.0238
LABORATORY B1OASSAYS ...1.0241
EFFECTS OF MOSQUITO CONTROL DITCHING ON HIGH
SALT MARSHES IN NORTH CAROLINA, PHASE 1 ...2.0073
NATURAL HISTORY OF PREDATORS AND COMPETITORS
(PREDATOR CONTROL PROGRAM) ...2.0271
EXPERIMENTS TO RE-ESTABLISH HISTORICAL OYSTER
SEED GROUNDS AND TO CONTROL THE SOUTHERN
OYSTER DRILL ...2.0274
OYSTER DISEASE MORTALITY ALONG THE CALIFORNIA
COAST ...3.0022
MOLLUSCAN MORTALITY STUDIES ...3.0032
SHELLFISH MORTALITY - CHESAPEAKE BAY ...3.0033
PACIFIC OYSTER MORTALITY STUDIES ...3.0034
MASS MORTALITY OF OYSTERS ALONG THE OREGON
COAST ...3.0060
SALT WATER POND RESEARCH ...3.0073
TESTING OF STOCKS OF OYSTERS FOR DISEASE RE-
SISTANCE ...3.0077
ACQUIRED VS. GENETIC RESISTANCE IN OYSTERS ...3.0078
TESTS OF SELECTED SEED OYSTER STOCKS ON COMMER-
CIAL BEDS ...3.0079
MASS MORTALITY OF PACIFIC OYSTERS ALONG THE
WASHINGTON COAST ...3.0082
PATHOLOGY - EPIZOOTIOLOGY ...3.0113
DISEASE-RESISTANT OYSTERS ...3.0114
AQUICULTURE, OYSTER HATCHERIES - RESEARCH ...3.0118
Monitoring
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS IN THE SURVIVAL OF MAN
...1.0132
GEOGRAPHIC ATLAS OF PESTICIDE OCCURRENCE IN THE
BARATARIA BAY-MISSISSIPPI DELTA ...1.0152
PESTICIDE MONITORING PROGRAM ...1.0156
PESTICIDE MONITORING OF AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT,
MICHIGAN PORTION OF THE GREAT LAKES BASIN
...1.0163
2-92
-------
SUBJECT INDEX
Nematoda
PESTICIDES INPUTS AND LEVELS IN MINNESOTA WATERS
OF LAKE SUPERIOR BASIN ...1.0166
AGRICULTURAL CONTRIBUTIONS TO NUTRIENTS IN
WATER ...1.0186
PESTICIDES RESEARCH ...1.0232
EFFECTS OF TOXICANTS UPON FISH MOVEMENT PAT-
TERNS ...1.0308
EFFECT OF COPPER SULFATE ON AQUATIC WEEDS ...2.0108
SHELLFISH MORTALITY - CHESAPEAKE BAY ...3.0033
PHYTOPLANKTON NUTRITION AND PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN
EUTROPHIC LAKES ...4.0016
TISSUE ANALYSIS FOR NUTRIENT ASSAY OF NATURAL
WATERS ...4.0030
DEVELOPMENT OF AN ORALLY EFFECTIVE INSECT REPEL-
LENT ...4.0051
NORTHERN PIKE LIFE HISTORY STUDY ...4.0084
WALLEYE LIFE HISTORY STUDY ...4.0085
Monitoring -pesticides
PESTICIDE RESIDUES ON ARIZONA CROPS ...1.0007
EFFICIENCY AND HAZARDS OF RESIDUAL HERBICIDES IN
SOILS UNDER IRRIGATION. ...1.0010
PERSISTENCE. ACCUMULATION AND FATE OF PESTICIDES
IN CRANBERRY SOILS AND RESERVOIRS ...1.0055
TRANSLOCATION OF PESTICIDES FROM CRANBERRY BOGS
TO THEIR SURROUNDINGS ...1.0056
PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN ENVIRONMENT AND EFFECTS ON
MARKETING AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES ...1.0062
MOVEMENT OF HERBICIDES OFF, INTO AND THROUGH
SOILS ...1.0071
EFFECT OF AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS ON THE QUALITY
OF GROUND AND SURFACE WATERS ...1.0080
1NACTIVATION AND LOSS OF PESTICIDES FROM SOIL
...1.0097
MOVEMENT OF INSECTICIDES IN SOIL AND WATER ...1.0098
COOPERATIVE HERBICIDE MONITORING STUDY IN IRRIGA-
TION SYSTEMS ...1.0125
CHEMICAL ANALYSES ...1.0129
EFFLUENT INFLUENCES OF THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER ON THE
CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY OF ADJACENT OCEAN
SYSTEMS ...1.0130
EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON ESTUARINE PRODUCTIVITY
...1.0133
PESTICIDE MONITORING PROGRAM LAKE MICHIGAN
...1.0143
GREAT LAKES PESTICIDE MONITORING PROGRAM, INDI-
ANA ...1.0147
GEOGRAPHIC ATLAS OF PESTICIDE OCCURRENCE IN THE
BARATARIA BAY-MISSISSIPPI DELTA ...1.0152
PESTICIDE MONITORING PROGRAM ...1.0156
MASSACHUSETTS PESTICIDE MONITORING STUDY ...1.0157
ADSORPTION OF PESTICIDES FROM SEA WATER ...1.0159
MONITORING OF PESTICIDE LEVELS IN THE GREAT LAKES
...1.0160
WATERSHED ANALYSIS RELATING TO EUTROPHICATION
OF LAKE MICHIGAN ...1.0162
PESTICIDE MONITORING OF AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT,
MICHIGAN PORTION OF THE GREAT LAKES BASIN
...1.0163
PESTICIDE MONITORING OF AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT,
MICHIGAN PORTION OF THE GREAT LAKES BASIN
...1.0164
PESTICIDES INPUTS AND LEVELS IN MINNESOTA WATERS
Of LAKE SUPERIOR BASIN ...1.0166
PRESTICIDE INPUTS AND LEVELS IN MINNESOTA WATERS
OF THE LAKE SUPERIOR BASIN ...1.0167
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SEDIMENTS
..1.0170
RAPID DETECTION OF TOXIC MATERIALS IN WATER
...1.0180
AGRICULTURAL CONTRIBUTIONS TO NUTRIENTS IN
WATER .. i.oi«6
DESIGNING A GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING
SYSTEM ...1.0206
DDT IN SNOW FALLEN AT HIGH ALTITUDE SINCE 1950
...1.0214
DISTRIBUTION OF ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDE
RESIDUES IN NATURAL WATERS AND SEDIMENTS
...1.0215
PESTICIDE MONITORING .1.0217
PESTICIDES RESEARCH ...1.0232
PESTICIDE MONITORING PROGRAM ...1.0238
PESTICIDE CONTAMINATION OF ENVIRONMENT ...1.0250
THE UPTAKE OF DIELDRIN IN THE THREE RIDGED NAIAD,
AMBLEMA PLICATA ...1.0301
EFFECT OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES ON GAME FISH POPULA-
TIONS ...1.0310
INVESTIGATION OF MEANS FOR CONTROLLED SELF-
DESTRUCTION OF PESTICIDES ...1.0323
PESTICIDE MONITORING PROGRAM LAKE MICHIGAN AND
TRIBUTARIES IN ILLINOIS ...1.0328
BIOCHEMICAL ECOLOGICAL RELATIONSHIPS OF PESTI-
CIDES AND THE BIO-CONSTITUENTS OF AQUATIC COM-
MUNITIES ...1.0342
ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY OF PESTICIDES ...1.0361
THE EFFECT OF PESTICIDES ON AN ECOSYSTEM ...1.0365
Montana
INSECT SURVEY OF MONTANA ...2.0058
Morbidity
ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPORTANCE OF FILARIASIS IN
THAILAND ...4.0072
Motivation and Instinct
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN SUB-LETHAL PESTICIDES AND
REPRODUCTION AND BEHAVIOR OF FISHES ...1.0245
Multiple Purpose Projects
WATER MANAGEMENT IN MOSQUITO IMPOUNDMENTS
...2.0064
Myriapoda
Chilopoda
ENTOMOLOGICAL PESTS OF VEGETABLE CROPS ...2.0288
Natural Purification
GROUND AND SURFACE WATERS - POLLUTION ...1.0182
Nebraska
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE USE OF AGRICUL-
TURAL CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS AND THEIR
RESIDUES IN CHANNEL CATFISH ...1.0298
Nematoda
Animal Nematodes -nonspecific
TO CHARACTERIZE PATHOGENS OF MOSQUITOES ...2.0007
FACTORS AFFECTING THE ROLE OF MICROORGANISMS IN
THE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF INSECT PESTS ...2.0053
INSECT SURVEY OF MONTANA ...2.0058
Filariodea
ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPORTANCE OF FILARIASIS IN
THAILAND ...4.0072
Dirofilaria
MOSQUITOES IN RELATION TO AGRICULTURAL PRODUC-
TION AND VETERINARY SCIENCE ...2.0062
BIONOMICS AND CONTROL OF ASIAN MOSQUITOES -
...4.0058
2-93
-------
Nematoda
SUBJECT INDEX
Onchocerca
INSECTS AS VECTORS OF DISEASES OF MILITARY IM-
PORTANCE IN ETHIOPIA THEIR ECOLOGY AND CONTROL
...4.0067
Plant Nematodes -nonspecific
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF WATER WEEDS WITH PLANT
PATHOGENS ...2.0121
Plant Nematodes -other
MOLLUSCAN MORTALITY STUDIES ...3.0032
ECOLOGY AND DISEASE TRANSMISSION POTENTIAL
...4.0044
Strongyloidea
Strongylidae
SURVEY OF ANIMAL DISEASES IN CONNECTICUT ...3.0024
Strongyloidea -other
ECOLOGY AND DISEASE
...4.0044
TRANSMISSION POTENTIAL
Neon
LIFE CYCLES OF ROTTBELLIA EXALTATA AND AM-
PHIBROMUS SCABRIVALVIS AND DEVELOPMENT OF
CONTROL MEASURES ...4.0010
Neoplasm See Also Canker
SCREENING PESTICIDES FOR TERATOGEN1C EFFECTS ON
GAMBUSIA CHRONIC TOXICITY OF PESTICIDES TO
FRESHWATER FISHES ..1.0268
EPIDERMAL PAPILLOMAS ...3.0021
SURVEY OF ANIMAL DISEASES IN CONNECTICUT ...3.0024
CYTOLOGY OF VIRAL NEOPLASMS OF FISH ...3.0045
MYCOTOXIN TOXICITY AND CARCINOGENESIS IN TROUT
...3.0056
MARINE FISH-CULTURE PATHOLOGY ...3.0070
HISTOPATHOLOGY OF LIVERS OF RAINBOW TROUT FED
RANCID PELLETS CONTAINING AFLATOXIN ...3.0081
NEOPLASMS OF SALMONID FISHES ...3.0094
Neutralization
TIME-CONCENTRATION TESTS INVOLVING NEUTRALIZA-
TION OF ROTENONE WITH POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE
...2.0224
NEUTRALIZATION OF ROTENONE WITH ACTIVATED CHAR-
COAL ...2.0225
New Crops
ALLEVIATION OF LAKE POLLUTION BY UTILIZATION OF
AQUATIC PLANTS FOR NUTRITIONAL, MEDICINAL OR IN-
DUSTRIAL PURPOSES ...2.0152
ROTENOIDS FROM TEPHROSIA VOGELII ...2.0198
New Guinea
MOSQUITOES OF THE NEW GUINEA AREA ...4.0050
New Jersey
DEEPWATER PILOT PLANT ENGINEERING AND INTERCEP-
TOR FEASIBILITY STUDY ...1.0184
New Mexico
SOIL AND WATER MANAGEMENT FOR SALINITY CONTROL
PHASE II ...1.0066
FATE OF POLLUTANTS IN GROUND WATER ...1.0079
GAME FISH REPRODUCTION AND ROUGH FISH PROBLEMS
IN ELEPHANT BUTTE LAKE ...4.0081
New York
LEGAL REPRESENTATION OF CITIZEN'S INTERESTS IN EN-
VIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ...2.0069
Nitric Acid
ROTENOIDS FROM TEPHROSIA VOGELII ...2.0198
Nitrogen
PROPERTIES OF TILE DRAINAGE WATER ...1.0045
SOIL AND WATER MANAGEMENT FOR SALINITY CONTROL
- PHASE II ...1.0066
NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS, HERBICIDE MOVEMENT BY SOIL
WATER AND SOURCES OF CONTAMINATION ...1.0073
AN ECOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF STREAM EUTROPHICA-
TION ...1.0161
LOSSES OF FERTILIZERS AND PESTICIDES IN RUNOFF ERO-
SION ...1.0178
GROUND AND SURFACE WATERS - POLLUTION ..1.0182
AGRICULTURAL CONTRIBUTIONS TO NUTRIENTS IN
WATER ...1.0186
QUANTIFICATION OF POLLUTANTS IN AGRICULTURAL RU-
NOFF ...1.0204
PHYSIOLOGIC RESPONSE OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS TO
POLLUTANTS ...1.0260
PESTICIDE EFFECTS ON NITROGEN METABOLISM IN
TELEOSTS ...1.0289
DYNAMICS OF ALGAE POPULATIONS IN FARM FISH PONDS
...2.0094
FACTORS CONTROLLING THE GROWTH OF THE AQUATIC
WEED SALVINIA ...2.0166
CHEMICAL CONTROL OF AQUATIC WEED NUISANCES
...2.0185
CORRELATE NITROGEN GAS CONTENT OF WATER SUP-
PLIES WITH DISEASE ...3.0088
INTERACTIONS BETWEEN AQUATIC PLANTS AND SEWAGE
EFFLUENT ...4.0001
RESEARCH IN LIMNOLOGY INTERRELATIONS OF
HYDROLOGY AND AQUATIC ECOLOGY ...4.0002
THE EFFECT OF POLLUTION ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF LPP
PHYCO-V1RUSES IN RELATION TO POLLUTION OF THE
CHRISTINA RIVER ...4.0004
TOXIC SUBSTANCES AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF
HYACINTHS AND OTHER WATER PLANTS ...4.0005
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN WATER QUALITY AND PLANT
GROWTH IN PONDS ...4.0019
THE ECOLOGY OF SELECTED SUBMERSED AQUATIC
WEEDS ...4.0020
Ammonia
DISPOSITION OF PESTICIDES IN THE SOIL ...1.0031
CONTROL OF HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL SPILLS BY PHYSI-
CAL BARRIERS ...1.0086
SOILS, PESTICIDES AND THE QUALITY OF WATER ...1.0105
PHYSIOLOGIC RESPONSE OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS TO
POLLUTANTS ...1.0260
RELATION OF APPLICATION METHODS, CONCENTRATION,
AND VOLUME OF INSECTICIDE TO CATTLE INSECT CON-
TROL ...2.0039
FISH TOXICANT STUDIES ...2.0232
MASS MORTALITY OF PACIFIC OYSTERS ALONG THE
WASHINGTON COAST ...3.0082
Ammonium
EFFECTS OF EUTROPHICATION ON AQUATIC VEGETATION
PHASE II ...4.0023
Nitrates
PESTICIDE POLLUTION OF FARMSTEAD WATER SUPPLIES
IN THE SOUTHEAST . .1.0032
2-94
-------
SUBJECT INDEX
Oregon
BEHAVIOR OF PESTICIDES AND POLLUTANTS IN SOIL,
WATER, AND PLANTS ...1.0053
FATE OF POLLUTANTS IN GROUND WATER ...1.0079
EFFECT OF AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS ON THE QUALITY
OF GROUND AND SURFACE WATERS ...1.0080
ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY OF SAN FRANCISCO BAY
WATERS AND SEDIMENTS ...1.0120
QUALITY OF STORM WATER DRAINAGE FROM URBAN
LAND AREAS IN NORTH CAROLINA ...1.0187
CHEMICAL AND SEDIMENT MOVEMENT FROM AGRICUL-
TURAL LAND INTO LAKE ERIE ...1.0191
BIOCHEMICAL ECOLOGICAL RELATIONSHIPS OF PESTI-
CIDES AND THE BIO-CONSTITUENTS OF AQUATIC COM-
MUNITIES ...1.0342
THE INFLUENCE OF HERBICIDES USED ON HORTICUL-
TURAL CROPS ON STREAM ECOLOGY ...2.0150
NUISANCE ALGAL GROWTH RELATED TO ENVIRONMEN-
TAL FACTORS ...2.0180
MASS MORTALITY OF PACIFIC OYSTERS ALONG THE
WASHINGTON COAST ...3.0082
TOXIC SUBSTANCES AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF
HYACINTHS AND OTHER WATER PLANTS ...4.0005
LIFE CYCLES OF ROTTBELLIA EXALTATA AND AM-
PHIBROMUS SCABRIVALVIS AND DEVELOPMENT OF
CONTROL MEASURES ...4.0010
EFFECTS OF EUTROPHICATION ON AQUATIC VEGETATION
- PHASE II ...4.0023
ECOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF THE DEVELOPMENT AND
FEEDING HABITS OF SIMULIUM SPP. (BLACK FLIES)
...4.0069
POST-IMPROVEMENT LIMNOLOGICAL-ANALYSES AND
FISH-POPULATION EVALUATIONS OF CERTAIN STRIP-
MINE LAKES IN SOUTHEAST KANSAS ...4.0078
Nitrites
FACTORS AFFECTING ROLE OF MICROORGANISMS IN
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF INSECT PESTS ...2.0037
MASS MORTALITY OF PACIFIC OYSTERS ALONG THE
WASHINGTON COAST ...3.0082
Nitrogen Gas
EFFECT OF SUPERSATURATION OF DISSOLVED NITROGEN
ON MIGRATING SALMONIDS ...3.0083
CORRELATE NITROGEN GAS CONTENT OF WATER SUP-
PLIES WITH DISEASE ...3.0088
Nitrogen Cycle
THE DISPOSITION OF PESTICIDES IN THE SOIL ...1.0030
BEHAVIOR OF CHEMICALS INTRODUCED INTO THE
FOREST ENVIRONMENT AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE
ECOSYSTEM ...1.0083
Noise
BASIC STUDIES ON THE BEHAVIOR AND PHYSIOLOGY OF
INSECTS THAT AFFECT MAN ...4.0047
Nomenclature, Classification
BIOLOGICAL AND SYSTEMATIC STUDIES ON AQUATIC
ARTHROPODS ...2.0054
North Carolina
PREVENTION OF PESTICIDE POLLUTION FROM COASTAL
INSECT CONTROL PROGRAMS ...1.0358
EFFECTS OF MOSQUITO CONTROL DITCHING ON HIGH
SALT MARSHES IN NORTH CAROLINA, PHASE 1 ...2.0073
North Dakota
THE IMPORTANCE OF THE FOOD CHAIN IN BOTULISM IN-
TOXICATION AMONG WATERFOWL LAKES AND
SLOUGHS OF THE DEVILS LAKE REGION IN NORTH
DAKOTA ...1.0359
Nucleic Acids
INSECT CHEMOSTERILANTS ...2.0049
THE NUTRITION AND BEHAVIOR OF MOSQUITOES ...4.0033
BIOLOGY, GENETICS, AND PHYSIOLOGY OF DISEASE VEC-
TORS 4.0061
Ocean Basins
RESEARCH VESSEL OPERATIONS ...3.0048
Ocean Instrumentation
GREEN BAY RESEARCH PROGRAM ...1.0112
A STUDY PROGRAM TO IDENTIFY PROBLEMS RELATED TO
OCEANIC ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY - NORTH ATLAN-
TIC ...1.0140
A STUDY PROGRAM TO IDENTIFY PROBLEMS RELATED TO
OCEANIC ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY NORTH ATLAN-
TIC ...1.0158
Ohio
THE CHANGING DISTRIBUTION OF
POTAMOGETON (PONDWEEDS) IN OHIO .
THE
.4.0026
GENUS
Ohio River
THE UPTAKE OF DIELDRIN IN THE THREE RIDGED NAIAD,
AMBLEMA PLICATA ...1.0301
Olefins
CONTROL OF HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL SPILLS BY PHYSI-
CAL BARRIERS ...1.0086
CORRELATION OF STRUCTURE VS. ACTIVITY OF POLLU-
TANTS OF FRESH WATER ...2.0290
Optica
Reflection
THE EFFECTS OF HERBICIDES, PESTICIDES, AND FERTIL-
IZERS ON THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF WATER ...1.0177
Refraction
THE EFFECTS OF HERBICIDES, PESTICIDES, AND FERTIL-
IZERS ON THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF WATER ...1.0177
Transmission
THE EFFECTS OF HERBICIDES, PESTICIDES, AND FERTIL-
IZERS ON THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF WATER ...1.0177
Optical Properties
THE EFFECTS OF HERBICIDES, PESTICIDES, AND FERTIL-
IZERS ON THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF WATER ...1.0177
GROUND AND SURFACE WATERS - POLLUTION ...1.0182
RESEARCH VESSEL OPERATIONS ...3.0048
BIOLOGIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL OF EURASIAN
MILFOIL (MYRIOPHYLLUM SPICATUM L.) IN CHES-
APEAKE BAY ...4.0012
POST-IMPROVEMENT LIMNOLOGICAL-ANALYSES AND
FISH-POPULATION EVALUATIONS OF CERTAIN STRIP-
MINE LAKES IN SOUTHEAST KANSAS ...4.0078
Oregon
RESEARCH VESSEL OPERATIONS ...3.0048
MASS MORTALITY OF OYSTERS ALONG THE OREGON
COAST ...3.0060
2-95
-------
Organic Acids
SUBJECT INDEX
Organic Acids
Oxalic Acid
FARM FISH POND MANAGEMENT ...1.0340
Organic Evolution
POPULATION GENETICS AND RADIOGENETICS IN
MOSQUITOES ...2.0038
BIOLOGICAL STUDIES OF MALACOPHAGOUS DIPTERA
...2.0282
STUDY THE BIOLOGY OF A GROUP OF SNAIL-KILLING
FLIES ...2.0287
ATMOSPHERIC CONSTITUENTS OF THE TERRESTRIAL-TYPE
PLANETS ...4.0007
Organic Matter
WATER YIELD IN THE CHAPARRAL AND WOODLAND
ZONE OF THE SOUTHWEST ...1.0005
EFFICIENCY AND HAZARDS OF RESIDUAL HERBICIDES IN
SOILS UNDER IRRIGATION. ...1.0010
SORPTION AND MOVEMENT OF POLLUTED WATER IN SOIL
...1.0012
VOLATILIZATION LOSSES OF PESTICIDES FROM SOILS
...1.0016
REACTIONS OF PESTICIDES WITH SOILS 1.0020
REACTIONS OF PESTICIDES WITH SOILS IN RELATION TO
SOIL PRODUCTIVITY IN THE SOUTHWEST ...1.0021
CHLORINATED PESTICIDES IN THE SOIL-WATER-PLANT
SYSTEM AND THEIR MANAGEMENT TO AVOID POLLU-
TION ...1.0024
NUTRIENT & WATER INPUTS & OUTGO FROM THE OR-
GANIC & MINERAL SOILS IN THE LAKE APOPKA AREA
...1.0029
HERBICIDE EQUILIBRIA OF LATOSOLIC SOIL ...1.003S
POLLUTION EFFECTS ON GROUND WATER RECHARGE IN
HAWAII ...1.0036
EFFECT OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES AND OTHER ORGANO-
TOXICANTS ON THE QUALITY OF SURFACE AND
GROUNDWATER RESOURCES ...1.0041
PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN PLANTS, ANIMALS, SOILS, AND
WATER ...1.0075
PESTICIDE MOBILITY AND DEGRADATION IN SOIL-WATER
SYSTEMS ...1.0084
SOILS, PESTICIDES AND THE QUALITY OF WATER ...1.0105
COMPARATIVE EFFECTS OF WEED COMPETITION, HERBI-
CIDES AND OTHER WEED CONTROL PRACTICES ON
PLANT RESPONSE ...1.0145
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF PASTURE MOSQUITOES
..2.0008
Maintenance
BEHAVIOR OF CHEMICALS INTRODUCED INTO THE
FOREST ENVIRONMENT AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE
ECOSYSTEM ...1.0083
Physical Property Effects
SORPTION AND DESORPTION OF CHLORINATED
HYDROCARBON PESTICIDES IN AQUATIC SEDIMENT
MINERALS ...1.0181
Organic Water Properties
SOILS, PESTICIDES, AND THE QUALITY OF WATER ...1.0103
ORGANIC SUBSTANCES IN WATER ...1.0119
QUALITY OF STORM WATER DRAINAGE FROM URBAN
LAND AREAS IN NORTH CAROLINA ..1.0187
CHLORINATED ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS IN THE MIL-
WAUKEE RIVER ...1.0226
Organophosphorus Compounds
RAPID DETECTION OF TOXIC MATERIALS IN WATER
1.0180
MODE OF ACTION, TOXICITY, AND FACTORS INFLUENC-
ING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF FUNGICIDES ...1.0082
TOXIC SUBSTANCES AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF
HYACINTHS AND OTHER WATER PLANTS ...4.0005
Oxidation
PHOTOCHEMICAL METHODS FOR PURIFYING WATER
...1.0115
Oxygen
INTERACTION OF HERBICIDES AND SOIL MICROORGAN-
ISMS ...1.0069
GROUND AND SURFACE WATERS - POLLUTION ...1.0182
RESEARCH STUDY ON THE EFFECTS OF POLLUTION ON
SUB-TROPICAL FISH AND CRUSTACEANS ...1.0237
RESPIRATION RATES OF FISH-FOOD INVERTEBRATES EX-
POSED TO PESTICIDES ...1.0355
FACTORS AFFECTING ROLE OF MICROORGANISMS IN
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF INSECT PESTS ...2.0037
SUSCEPTIBILITY OF INSECTS TO INSECTICIDES ...2.0055
EUTROPHICAT1ON EFFECT OF FLOW AUGMENTATION
...2.0168
NUISANCE ALGAL GROWTH RELATED TO ENVIRONMEN-
TAL FACTORS ...2.0180
CHEMICAL CONTROL OF AQUATIC WEED NUISANCES
...2.0185
PISCICIDE TOXICOLOGY OF THE CYPRINIDS IN EAST AND
WEST PAULINA LAKES ...2.0228
ENVIRONMENTAL STUDY ...3.0030
MASS MORTALITY OF OYSTERS ALONG THE OREGON
COAST ...3.0060
EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION ON FISH DIS-
EASES - EFFECT OF HEAT STRESS ON DISEASE RE-
SISTANCE MECHANISMS IN SALMONID FISHES ...3.0089
THE EFFECT OF POLLUTION ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF LPP
PHYCO-V1RUSES IN RELATION TO POLLUTION OF THE
CHRISTINA RIVER ...4.0004
ATMOSPHERIC CONSTITUENTS OF THE TERRESTRIAL-TYPE
PLANETS ...4.0007
LIFE CYCLES OF ROTTBELLIA EXALTATA AND AM-
PHIBROMUS SCABRIVALVIS AND DEVELOPMENT OF
CONTROL MEASURES ...4.0010
POST-IMPROVEMENT LIMNOLOGICAL-ANALYSES AND
FISH-POPULATION EVALUATIONS OF CERTAIN STRIP-
MINE LAKES IN SOUTHEAST KANSAS ...4.0078
REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY AND EARLY LIFE HISTORY OF
CYPRINIDS IN EAST AND PAULINA LAKES ...4.0083
Oxides
PESTICIDES IN SOILS AND WATERS OF THE SOUTHERN
PIEDMONT ...1.0033
INVESTIGATIONS OF ALGAE INHIBITING MATERIALS
...2.0106
Peroxides
EARLY SQUAMATION OF BLUEGILL (LEPOMIS
MACROCHIRUS) AND FATHEAD MINNOWS (PIMEPHALES
PROMELAS) EXPOSED TO AROCLORS ...1.0286
Pacific Ocean
PESTICIDE MONITORING PROGRAM ...1.0238
PACIFIC OYSTER MORTALITY STUDIES ...3.0034
MASS MORTALITY OF PACIFIC OYSTERS ALONG THE
WASHINGTON COAST ...3.0082
Packing & Container Types
DEVELOPMENT OF FIELD METHODS IN SAMPLING WATER
FOR PESTICIDE ANALYSIS ...1.0173
PHYSIOLOGY, BIOCHEMISTRY AND CONTROL OF AQUATIC
WEEDS, CHEMISTRY OF HERBICIDES ...2.0105
2-96
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SUBJECT INDEX
Pakistan
Parasitology • Animal
NATURAL ENEMIES OF EURASIAN WATERMILFOIL IN
PAKISTAN ...2.0173
Panama
BIOLOGICAL STUDIES OF CULICOIDES AND THEIR CON-
TROL IN THE CANAL ZONE ...4.0043
Parasitology - Animal
IMPACT OF PESTICIDES UPON SEMI-WILD ECOSYSTEMS
...1.0335
PACIFIC OYSTER MORTALITY STUDIES ...3.0034
IDENTIFICATION OF PARASITES AND DISEASES EFFECTING
MARICULTURE SPECIES ...3.0037
AQUICULTURE, SALMON CULTURE - RESEARCH ...3.0053
WALLEYE AND NORTHERN PIKE STUDY ...3.0072
Ectoparasites
NEW OR IMPROVED TECHNIQUES FOR SAFE CHEMICAL
CONTROL OF ECTOPARASITES OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS
...2.0077
THE BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF ARTHROPODS AFFECT-
ING MAN AND ANIMALS ...2.0078
STUDY OF THE SEA LAMPREY IN LOVE LAKE ...2.0200
SEA LAMPREY CONTROL - AGE AND GROWTH STUDIES
...2.0206
LAKE HURON CHEMICAL CONTROL ...2.0209
DISTRIBUTION OF THE GENUS ERGASILUS (PARASITIC
COPEPOD) IN THE SOUTHEASTERN UNITED STATES
...3.0011
COOPERATIVE FISH DISEASE PROJECT ...3.0012
IMPOUNDMENT EFFECTS ON WATER QUALITY AS
REFLECTED IN PARASITISM OF RESERVOIR BASSES
...3.0018
ENVIRONMENTAL STUDY ...3.0030
PARASITES OF FRESH-WATER FISHES IN NORTH CAROLINA
...3.0047
ECOLOGY OF RECREATIONALLY IMPORTANT ESTUARINE
FISHES IN OREGON ...3.0052
PARASITES OF WARMWATER FISHES AND THEIR CONTROL
...3.0108
BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES IN FISH DISEASES THE STRESS
OF FORMALIN TREATMENTS IN SALMONID FISHES
...3.0124
TRANSMISSION OF ANAPLASMOSIS ...4.0032
ECOLOGY AND DISEASE TRANSMISSION POTENTIAL
...4.0044
NORTHERN PIKE LIFE HISTORY STUDY ...4.0084
Endoparasites
IMPOUNDMENT EFFECTS ON WATER QUALITY AS
REFLECTED IN PARASITISM OF RESERVOIR BASSES
...3.0018
ENVIRONMENTAL STUDY ...3.0030
ECOLOGY OF RECREATIONALLY IMPORTANT ESTUARINE
FISHES IN OREGON ...3.0052
NORTHERN PIKE LIFE HISTORY STUDY ...4.0084
WALLEYE LIFE HISTORY STUDY ...4.oo«s
Helminths
DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY OF PENNSYLVANIA SALA-
MANDERS ...2.0080
CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC CONTROL OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS BY
HORMONES ...2.0266
SCHISTOSOME CONTROL BY TREMATODE ANTAGONISM
...2.0270
THE BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF THE SNAIL INTER-
MEDIATE HOST OF SCHISTOSOMES ...2.0276
BIOLOGY AND BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF SCHISTOSOMIA-
SIS ...2.0277
SWIMMER'S ITCH INTERMEDIATE HOST, DISTRIBUTION
AND ECOLOGY ...2.0279
INCIDENCE BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF FASC1OLA
HEPATICA IN THE SOUTHWEST ...2.0280
EPIZOOTIOLOGY OF PARASITIC DISEASES IN FISH POPULA-
TIONS UNDER INTENSIVE MANAGEMENT ...3.0001
IMPOUNDMENT EFFECTS ON WATER QUALITY AS
REFLECTED IN PARASITISM OF RESERVOIR BASSES
...3.0018
SURVEY OF ANIMAL DISEASES IN CONNECTICUT ...3.0024
REFINEMENT OF MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES FOR
STREAM TROUT LAKES ...3.0035
EXPERIMENTAL CONTROL OF NEASCUS IN SMALL TROUT
LAKES ...3.0036
PARASITES OF FRESH-WATER FISHES IN NORTH CAROLINA
...3.0047
EPIDEMOLOGY OF 'SALMON POISONING' DISEASE ...3.0054
PARASITES OF WARMWATER FISHES AND THEIR CONTROL
...3.0108
ECOLOGY AND DISEASE TRANSMISSION POTENTIAL
...4.0044
BIONOMICS AND CONTROL OF ASIAN MOSQUITOES
...4.0058
Protozoa
MOSQUITOES IN RELATION TO AGRICULTURAL PRODUC-
TION AND VETERINARY SCIENCE ...2.0062
EPtZOOTIOLOGY OF PARASITIC DISEASES IN FISH POPULA-
TIONS UNDER INTENSIVE MANAGEMENT ...3.0001
INVESTIGATIONS OF AMEBIASIS IN FISH ...3.0014
STUDY OF THE INCIDENCE AND LIFE CYCLES OF MYX-
OSPORIDIAL INFECTIONS IN WARM WATER FISHES
(REVISED) ...3.0020
SURVEY OF ANIMAL DISEASES IN CONNECTICUT ...3.0024
SHELLFISH MORTALITY - CHESAPEAKE BAY ...3.0033
TRANSMISSION OF AN OVARY PARASITE OF THE GOLDEN
SHINER ...3.0038
PARASITES OF FRESH-WATER FISHES IN NORTH CAROLINA
...3.0047
INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF SALMONID FISHES ...3.O049
BIOLOGY OF THE PROTOZOAN PARASITE CERATOMYXA
SHASTA ...3.0050
USE OF CELL CULTURE METHODS TO ATTEMPT TO FOL-
LOW DEVELOPING STAGES OF SPORES ...3.0062
SUSCEPTIBILITY OF VARIOUS AGES OF FISH TO INFECTION
...3.0063
USE OF TISSUE SECTIONING TECHNIQUES TO ATTEMPT TO
FOLLOW THE LIFE HISTORY OF WHIRLING DISEASE
PARASITES FROM THE FIRST DAY OF INFECTION ...3.0065
TREATMENT OF WHIRLING DISEASE SPORES TO PRODUCE
INFECTIVE STATES OF THE ORGANISM ...3.0066
DETERMINE IF SPORES OR INFECTIVE STAGES ARE SHED
FROM LIVING FISH ...3.0068
PARASITOLOGY PARASITES AND PARASITIC DISEASES OF
FISHES - IMMUNIZATION STUDY FOR
ICHTHYOPHTHIRIUS ...3.0100
PARASITES OF WARMWATER FISHES AND THEIR CONTROL
...3.0108
CONTROL OF MYXOSPORIDIAN PARASITES ...3.0109
PATHOLOGY - EPIZOOTIOLOGY ...3.0113
PARASITES AND PARASITIC DISEASES OF FISHES STUDY
OF NEW METHODS FOR CONTROL OF ICHTHYOPHT
...3.0128
CONTROL OF MYXOSOMA CEREBRALIS AND OTHER CAR-
TILAGINOUS MYXOSPORIDA FILTRATION AND UL-
TRAVIOLET IRRADIATION ...3.0129
TRANSMISSION OF MICROSPORIDA ...3.0131
TRANSMISSION OF MYXOSOMA CEREBRALIS AND OTHER
CARTILAGINOUS MYXOSPORIDA ...3.0132
TRANSMISSION OF ANAPLASMOSIS ...4.0032
CULTIVATION OF INSECT PHASE OF AVIAN PLASMODIA
...4.0036
MOSQUITOES AS VECTORS OF LIVESTOCK DISEASES
...4.0065
Fieldcontrol of Parasites
CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC CONTROL OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS BY
HORMONES ...2.0266
2-97
-------
Parasitology • Animal
SUBJECT INDEX
SCHISTOSOME CONTROL BY TREMATODE ANTAGONISM
...2.0270
SWIMMER'S ITCH - INTERMEDIATE HOST, DISTRIBUTION
AND ECOLOGY ...2.0279
REPRODUCTION & FUNGAL PARASITES AFFECTING
REPRODUCTION IN LOBSTER, HUMARUS AMERICANNA,
& BLUE CRAB CALLINECTES SAPIDUS, IN N.C. WATERS
...3.0115
BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES IN FISH DISEASES - THE STRESS
OF FORMALIN TREATMENTS IN SALMONID FISHES
...3.0124
PARASITES AND PARASITIC DISEASES OF FISHES - STUDY
OF NEW METHODS FOR CONTROL OF 1CHTHYOPHT
...3.0128
Host - Parasite Interaction
DISTRIBUTION OF THE GENUS ERGASILUS (PARASITIC
COPEPOD) IN THE SOUTHEASTERN UNITED STATES
...3.0011
COOPERATIVE FISH DISEASE PROJECT ...3.0012
DISEASES OF FISH ...3.0025
UTILIZATION AND MANAGEMENT OF COASTAL MARSHES
AND RESOURCES ...3.0029
MARINE FISHERIES - SYMBIOSIS AND PARASITISM
RESEARCH ...3.0055
REPRODUCTION & FUNGAL PARASITES AFFECTING
REPRODUCTION IN LOBSTER, HUMARUS AMERICANNA,
& BLUE CRAB CALLINECTES SAPIDUS, IN N.C. WATERS
...3.0115
ECOLOGY AND DISEASE TRANSMISSION POTENTIAL
...4.0044
ECOLOGY AND CONTROL OF DISEASE VECTORS AND
RESERVOIRS ...4.0046
FISHERIES INVESTIGATIONS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO
MANAGEMENT OF ECONOMIC SPECIES ...4.0080
Host Resistance
CULTIVATION OF INSECT PHASE OF AVIAN PLASMODIA
...4.0036
Host Specificity of Parasites
THE BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF THE SNAIL INTER-
MEDIATE HOST OF SCHISTOSOMES ...2.0276
SHELLFISH MORTALITY - CHESAPEAKE BAY ...3.0033
PATHOLOGY EPIZOOTIOLOGY ...3.0113
Reservoirs for Parasites
BIOLOGY OF THE PROTOZOAN PARASITE CERATOMYXA
SHASTA 3.0050
TRANSMISSION OF CERATOMYXA SHASTA ...3.0058
Aquatic
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF SNAILS AND SLUGS ...2.0269
SCHISTOSOME CONTROL BY TREMATODE ANTAGONISM
...2.0270
BIOLOGY AND BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF SCHISTOSOMIA-
SIS ...2.0277
SWIMMER'S ITCH - INTERMEDIATE HOST, DISTRIBUTION
AND ECOLOGY ...2.0279
METHOD OF KILLING ONCOMELANIA & AQUATIC SNAIL
VECTORS OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS ...2.0285
PARASITES OF FRESH-WATER FISHES IN NORTH CAROLINA
...3.0047
Terrestrial
MOSQUITOES IN RELATION TO AGRICULTURAL PRODUC-
TION AND VETERINARY SCIENCE ...2.0062
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF SNAILS AND SLUGS ...2.0269
THE BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF THE SNAIL INTER-
MEDIATE HOST OF SCHISTOSOMES ...2.0276
BIOLOGY AND BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF SCHISTOSOMIA-
SIS ...2.0277
INCIDENCE BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF FASCIOLA
HEPATICA IN THE SOUTHWEST ...2.0280
DEVELOPMENT OF A TOXIC BAIT ...2.0286
TRANSMISSION OF ANAPLASMOSIS ...4.0032
MOSQUITOES AS VECTORS OF LIVESTOCK DISEASES
...4.0065
Serology and Immunology
EPIZOOTIOLOGY OF PARASITIC DISEASES IN FISH POPULA-
TIONS UNDER INTENSIVE MANAGEMENT ...3.0001
Virulence
INVESTIGATIONS OF AMEBIASIS IN FISH ...3.0014
COOPERATIVE FISH PARASITE AND DISEASE STUDY
...3.0015
Pentynol
EFFECT OF ANESTHESIA ON THE BLOOD CHEMISTRY OF
FISHES ...2.0234
Percolation
PRINCIPLES, FACILITIES AND SYSTEMS FOR GROUND
WATER RECHARGE-SOUTHERN PLAINS ...1.0094
Periphyton
INVESTIGATIONS OF ALGAE INHIBITING MATERIALS
...2.0106
LAKE SUPERIOR PERIPHYTON IN RELATION TO WATER
QUALITY ...4.0017
A STUDY OF ALGAL POPULATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH DIF-
FERENT LEVELS OF WATER QUALITY IN NEW
HAMPSHIRE ...4.0018
Persistence of Residues
CONTROL METHODS FOR JUNIPERS, SHRUB LIVE OAK,
AND ASSOCIATED WEEDS ...1.0004
WATER YIELD IN THE CHAPARRAL AND WOODLAND
ZONE OF THE SOUTHWEST ...1.0005
INVESTIGATIONS OF RESIDUES IN WATER AND CROPS IR-
RIGATED WITH WATER CONTAINING HERBICIDES
...1.0015
ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR PESTICIDES IN SOIL AND
WATER ...1.0018
BEHAVIOR OF POLLUTANTS IN WATER ...1.0022
PESTICIDE POLLUTION OF FARMSTEAD WATER SUPPLIES
IN THE SOUTHEAST ...1.0032
REDUCTION OF HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH RESIDUES OF
INSECTICIDAL CHEMICALS IN THE ENVIRONMENT
...1.0037
PROPERTIES OF TILE DRAINAGE WATER ...1.0045
REDUCTION OF RESIDUES OF INSECTICIDAL CHEMICALS
IN THE ENVIRONMENT ...1.0046
ROW LENGTH, GRADE AND DRAINAGE REQUIREMENTS OF
CROPS ...1.0049
PESTICIDE POLLUTION OF FARMSTEAD WATER SUPPLIES
IN THE NORTHEAST ...1.0052
CONTROL OF PESTICIDES IN SOIL AND WATER ...1.0054
TRANSLOCATION OF PESTICIDES FROM CRANBERRY BOGS
TO THEIR SURROUNDINGS ...1.0056
ANALYSIS OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES ...1.0058
PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN ENVIRONMENT AND EFFECTS ON
MARKETING AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES ...1.0062
PESTICIDAL RESIDUES OF AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS
...1.0063
FATE OF PESTICIDES ...1.0064
PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN PLANTS, ANIMALS, SOILS, AND
WATER ...1.0075
FACTORS INFLUENCING INSECTICIDE RESIDUES IN FOOD,
FORAGE AND OIL CROPS, AND SOIL ...1.0077
THE CYCLING OF CL-36 LABELED DDT IN NATURAL
ECOSYSTEMS ...1.0078
BEHAVIOR OF SPECIFIC HERBICIDES IN PLANTS AND SOILS
...1.0081
BEHAVIOR OF CHEMICALS INTRODUCED INTO THE
FOREST ENVIRONMENT AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE
ECOSYSTEM ...1.0083
ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR PESTICIDES AND PESTICIDE
DEGRADATION PRODUCTS ...1.0088
2-98
-------
SUBJECT INDEX
Pest Control -general
FATE AND PERSISTENCE OF PESTICIDES AND PHYSIOLOGI-
CALLY ACTIVE DEGRADATION PRODUCTS ...1.0089
PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF PERSISTENCE AND
MOVEMENT OF HERBICIDES IN SOIL ...1.0090
PERSISTENCE AND MODES OF HERBICIDE DISSIPATION
UNDER RANGELAND CONDITIONS ...1.0096
MOVEMENT OF HERBICIDES IN SOIL, SURFACE WATER
AND UNDERGROUND WATER ...1.0099
ALTERING PERSISTENCE AND MOVEMENT OF HERBICIDES
IN SOIL, WATER, AND PLANTS ...1.0106
HERBICIDE RESIDUES IN IRRIGATION WATER AND IN
CROPS AND SOILS IRRIGATED WITH TREATED WATER
...1.0107
IDENTIFICATION AND DETERMINATION OF PESTICIDE
RESIDUES IN SOIL AND RUNOFF AND DRAINAGE
WATERS. ...1.0110
UPTAKE AND RELEASE OF DALAPON IN EARTHEN PONDS
...1.0114
DEVELOPMENT OF TREATMENT PROCESS FOR
CHLORINATED HYDROCARBON PESTICIDE MANUFAC-
TURING AND PROCESSING WASTES ...1.0118
COOPERATIVE HERBICIDE MONITORING STUDY IN IRRIGA-
TION SYSTEMS ...1.0125
PESTICIDE KINETICS ...1.0127
EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON ESTUARINE PRODUCTIVITY
...1.0133
DEVELOP EFFECTIVE TREATMENT METHODS FOR HARD
PESTIDICIDES ...1.0136
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN PESTICIDES AND GEORGIA
FARM POND ECOSYSTEMS ...1.0138
THE FATE OF SELECT PESTICIDES IN THE AQUATIC EN-
VIRONMENT ...1.0144
RESEARCH INITIATION FATE OF SELECTED OR-
GANOPHOSPHATE AND CARBAMATE INSECTICIDES IN
SURFACE WATERS ...1.0146
LIMNOLOGICAL FACTORS AFFECTING PESTICIDE
RESIDUES IN SURFACE WATERS ...1.0149
GEOGRAPHIC ATLAS OF PESTICIDE OCCURRENCE IN THE
BARATARIA BAY-MISSISSIPPI DELTA ...1.0152
MASSACHUSETTS PESTICIDE MONITORING STUDY ...1.0157
PESTICIDE MONITORING OF AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT,
MICHIGAN PORTION OF THE GREAT LAKES BASIN
...1.0164
PESTICIDES INPUTS AND LEVELS IN MINNESOTA WATERS
OF LAKE SUPERIOR BASIN ...1.0166
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SEDIMENTS
...1.0170
SERVICES FOR THE QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF PESTI-
CIDES IN SEAWATER AND BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES ...1.0172
PREPARATION OF CHLORINE-36 LABELED OR-
GANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES AND RELATED COM-
POUNDS (PCB'S) ...1.0174
PESTICIDES MOVEMENT FROM CROPLAND INTO LAKE
ERIE ...1.0193
RELATION OF AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES TO WATER
QUALITY IN NORTH APPALACHIAN REGION ...1.0194
DEVELOP EFFECTIVE TREATMENT METHODS FOR HARD
PESTICIDES ...1.0197
TRANSFER OF PESTICIDES THROUGH WATER, SEDIMENTS,
AND AQUATIC LIFE ...1.0201
TRANSFER OF PESTICIDES THROUGH SOILS, WATER, SEDI-
MENTS AND AQUATIC LIFE ...1.0202
DISTRIBUTION OF ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDE
RESIDUES IN NATURAL WATERS AND SEDIMENTS
...1.0215
IMPROVING WATER QUALITY BY REMOVAL OF PESTICIDE
POLLUTANTS WITH AQUATIC PLANTS ...1.0216
OCCURRENCE OF PESTICIDES IN AQUATIC ENVIRON-
MENTS ...1.0219
MICROBIOLOGY OF FARM PONDS ...1.0220
EVALUATION OF PESTICIDE SOURCES AND LEVELS TRIBU-
TARY TO LAKES MICHIGAN AND SUPERIOR ...1.0221
TERMINAL RESIDUES OF CHLORINATED HYDROCARBON
PESTICIDES IN LAKE MICHIGAN AND ASSOCIATED
TRIBUTARIES ...1.0222
EFFECT OF HERBICIDES ON AN AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT
...1.0228
PESTICIDE MONITORING PROGRAM ...1.0238
PESTICIDE CONTAMINATION OF ENVIRONMENT ...1.0250
QUALITY FACTORS OF LAKE MICHIGAN COHO SALMON
FLESH ...1.0259
MAGNITUDE AND NATURE OF POLYCHLORINATED
BIPHENYLS IN COHO SALMON ...1.0262
CHRONIC EFFECTS OF DURSBAN ON WARM-WATER FISH
...1.0282
THE EFFECT OF DIELDRIN ON SURVIVAL AND DEVELOP-
MENT OF FISH EGGS ...1.0300
PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN OR ON RAW AGRICULTURAL COM-
MODITIES ...1.0306
RESIDUES OF THANITE IN FISH MUSCLE ...1.0314
RESIDUES OF TFM IN FISH-LA CROSSE ...1.0315
PESTICIDES AND WILDLIFE ...1.0324
PESTICIDE MONITORING PROGRAM LAKE MICHIGAN AND
TRIBUTARIES IN ILLINOIS ...1.0328
FATE OF AQUATIC HERBICIDES IN THE AQUATIC EN-
VIRONMENT ...1.0329
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS OF PESTICIDE USAGE
...1.0334
EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON NON-TARGET ORGANISMS
...1.0341
BIOCHEMICAL ECOLOGICAL RELATIONSHIPS OF PESTI-
CIDES AND THE BIO-CONSTITUENTS OF AQUATIC COM-
MUNITIES ...1.0342
TRACE LEVELS OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN AGRICUL-
TURAL COMMODITIES IN MARKETING CHANNELS
...1.0344
PREVENTION OF PESTICIDE POLLUTION FROM COASTAL
INSECT CONTROL PROGRAMS ...1.0358
ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY OF PESTICIDES ...1.0361
CHEMICAL BIOCIDES IN LAKES ...1.0364
THE EFFECT OF PESTICIDES ON AN ECOSYSTEM ...1.0365
PESTICIDE LEVELS IN BIRDS WINTERING ON LAKE
MICHIGAN ...1.0367
EFFECT OF CONTROLLING SALT-MARSH MOSQUITOES
...2.0082
WEED CONTROL IN RICE PRODUCTION ...2.0097
CONTROL OF WEEDS AND CERTAIN OTHER AQUATIC
PESTS IN THE PACIFIC SOUTHWEST ...2.0101
PHYSIOLOGY, BIOCHEMISTRY AND CONTROL OF AQUATIC
WEEDS, CHEMISTRY OF HERBICIDES ...2.0105
HERBICIDE RESIDUES ...2.0109
CONTROL OF AQUATIC WEEDS ...2.0113
BASIC PHYSIOLOGY OF AQUATIC WEEDS IN THE
SOUTHEAST ...2.0115
THE PHYSIOLOGY AND CHEMICAL CONTROL OF AQUATIC
WEEDS IN THE SOUTHEAST ...2.0118
AQUATIC PLANT CONTROL ...2.0128
THE INFLUENCE OF HERBICIDES USED ON HORTICUL-
TURAL CROPS ON STREAM ECOLOGY ...2.0150
DEVELOP A SELECTIVE ALGACIDE TO CONTROL
NUISANCE ALGAL GROWTH ...2.0151
RESPONSE OF PLANT COMMUNITIES TO SUSTAINED USE
OF HERBICIDES ...2.0161
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF AQUATIC WEEDS ...2.0162
INVESTIGATION OF AQUATIC WEED PROBLEMS AND
MEANS OF CONTROL, WITH EMPHASIS ON BRAZILIAN
WATERWEED ...2.0167
UV. SPECTROPHOTOMETRY FOR THE IDENTIFICATION
AND ESTIMATION OF QUINALDINE RESIDUE ...2.0237
THE EFFICACY OF MONSANTO NO. 51294 AS A FISH TOXI-
CANT (LABORATORY) ...2.0243
THE EFFICACY AND PERSISTENCE OF FORMULATIONS OF
ANTIMYCIN ...2.0244
ENTOMOLOGICAL PESTS OF VEGETABLE CROPS ...2.0288
Pest Control -general
BIOLOGY OF PEST MOSQUITOES, AND CONTROL THROUGH
COMMUNITY ACTION ...2.0004
SURVEY OF INSECT PROBLEMS IN MONTANA ...2.0059
THE CONTROL OF MOSQUITOES OF MILITARY IM-
PORTANCE AND THE PREVENTION OF MOSQUITO-BORNE
DISEASES ...2.0074
ASSESSMENT OF LAKE TROUT RESTORATION IN MICHIGAN
WATERS OF LAKE MICHIGAN, 1969-70 ...2.0202
BIOLOGY OF THE LARVAL SEA LAMPREY ...2.0210
2-99
-------
Pest Control -general
SUBJECT INDEX
THE INTERACTION OF THE WALLEYE AND WHITE SUCKER
IN THE FISH POPULATION OF SOFT WATER LAKE IN
NORTHEASTERN MINNESOTA ...2.0215
PLANNING FOR CREATION OF SALMONID FISHERIES IN
LAKE ONTARIO ...2.0221
PRE-LAMPREY CONTROL INVENTORY OF FISH STOCKS
...2.0222
POPULATION DYNAMICS - LAKE TROUT ...2.0235
NATURAL HISTORY OF PREDATORS AND COMPETITORS
(PREDATOR CONTROL PROGRAM) ...2.0271
SEA NETTLE STUDIES IN CHESAPEAKE BAY, LIFE HISTORY
AND ECOLOGY ...2.0273
SWIMMER'S ITCH INTERMEDIATE HOST, DISTRIBUTION
AND ECOLOGY ...2.0279
EXPERIMENTAL CONTROL OF NEASCUS IN SMALL TROUT
LAKES ...3.0036
Pest Control Equipment
AQUATIC PLANT CONTROL EQUIPMENT FOR MECHANI-
CAL AND CHEMICAL DESTRUCTION ...2.0147
IMPROVING SURFACE WATER CONDITIONS THROUGH
CONTROL AND DISPOSAL OF AQUATIC VEGETATION,
PHASE II ...2.0181
Pest Control Evaluation
CLASSIFICATION, BIONOMICS, ECOLOGY CONTROL OF
FOREST INSECTS (OTHER THAN SCOLYTIDAE) IN CAL.
1.0321
ECOLOGICAL STUDIES OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT PRAC-
TICES ...1.0327
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF MOSQUITOES IN CENTRAL AND
NORTHERN CALIFORNIA ...2.0006
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF MOSQUITOES IN IRRIGATED
AND WATER MANAGEMENT AREAS ...2.0011
MOSQUITO PATHOGENS AS POTENTIAL CONTROL AGENTS
...2.0019
IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MOSQUITO
PATHOGENS ...2.0020
CULTIVATION OF COELOMOMYCES, A FUNGAL PARASITE
OF MOSQUITOES ...2.0031
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF MOSQUITOES, SAND FLIES,
AND GNATS OF U.S. COAST 2.0043
BIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL FACTORS INFLUENCING
THE DEVELOPMENT OF LARVAL MOSQUITO POPULA-
TIONS ...2.0052
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF ARTHROPOD PESTS OF
LIVESTOCK ...2.0057
MOSQUITO CONTROL - TIDAL MARSHES ...2.0063
CONTROLLING MOSQUITOES ON HAYING MEADOWS
...2.0066
CONTROL OF AQUATIC WEEDS BY USE OF N2-CO2-HE
LASER SYSTEMS ...2.0091
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF WEEDS ...2.0102
MASS REARING OF MARISA CORNUARIETIS FOR BIOLOGI-
CAL CONTROL OF AQUATIC WEEDS IN EMPERATE
WATERS ...2.0124
NATURAL ENEMIES OF WITCHWEED, NUTSEDGE, AND
SEVERAL AQUATIC WEEDS IN INDIA ..2.0135
EUTROPHICATION - BIOLOGICAL CONTROL USING
GRAZERS ...2.0170
IMPROVING SURFACE WATER CONDITIONS THROUGH
CONTROL AND DISPOSAL OF AQUATIC VEGETATION,
PHASE II ...2.0181
METHODS FOR CONTROLLING ALLIGATORWEED AND
OTHER WEEDS IN CANALS, WATERWAYS, AND AD-
JACENT WATERS IN THE SOUTHEASTERN U. S. ...2.0186
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF SNAILS AND SLUGS ...2.0269
Pesticidal Interaction -other
BIODEGRADATION OF PESTICIDES IN A FRESHWATER
ECOSYSTEM - INTERACTION BETWEEN MICROORGAN-
ISMS AND PESTICIDES .1.0352
NEW OR IMPROVED TECHNIQUES FOR SAFE CHEMICAL
CONTROL OF ECTOPARASITES OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS
...2.0077
Pesticide Evaluation
CONTROL METHODS FOR JUNIPERS, SHRUB LIVE OAK
AND ASSOCIATED WEEDS ...1.0004
RESPROUTING OF CHAPARRAL ...1.0017
SOILS, PESTICIDES AND THE QUALITY OF WATER ...1.0105
EFFECTS OF CHEMICAL IMPURITIES IN WATER DISINFEC-
TION BY HALOGENS ...1.0155
THYROIDAL 1125 UPTAKE IN IMMATURE CHANNEL CAT-
FISH FOLLOWING EXPOSURE TO SELECTED TOXICANTS
...1.0272
STATIC BIOASSAY OF TRACERS AND DYES AGAINST FISH
AND INVERTEBRATES ...1.0316
DISTRIBUTION AND METABOLIC FATE OF INDUSTRIAL
POLLUTANTS AND PESTICIDES IN A MODEL AQUATIC
ECOSYSTEM ...1.0333
AN EVALUATION OF WIDELY USED HERBICIDES ON
AQUATIC PLANTS, FISH AND FISH-FOOD ORGANISMS
...1.0343
EFFECT OF MOSQUITO CONTROL CHEMICALS ON
AQUATIC FAUNA ...2.0003
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF PASTURE MOSQUITOES
...2.0008
AERIAL DISPERSAL METHODS FOR CONCENTRATED IN-
SECTICIDES ...2.0009
STUDIES ON INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE IN MOSQUITOES
...2.0017
SUPPRESSION AND ECOLOGY OF MOSQUITOES ...2.0018
INVESTIGATIONS OF PHEROMONES AS CHEMOSTERILANTS
FOR INSECTS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO SYNTHETIC
QUEN SUBSTANCE AND ITS ANALOGUES ...2.0021
INSECTICIDE AND NON-CHEMICAL CONTROL OF
MOSQUITOES ...2.0025
SYNTHETIC INSECT CONTROL AGENTS, GAINESVILLE
...2.0028
CONTROL OF CULEX NIGRIPALPUS BY STERILITY
METHODS ...2.0032
RELATION OF APPLICATION METHODS, CONCENTRATION,
AND VOLUME OF INSECTICIDE TO CATTLE INSECT CON-
TROL ...2.0039
BIOLOGY ECOLOGY AND CONTROL OF INSECTS TICKS
AND MITES WHICH ATTACK LIVESTOCK, POULTRY AND
HOUSEHOLD ...2.0040
MALARIA ERADICATION RESEARCH ...2.0051
SUSCEPTIBILITY OF INSECTS TO INSECTICIDES ...2.0055
ABUNDANCE, DISTRIBUTION AND CONTROL OF MISCEL-
LANEOUS INSECTS, AFFECTING LIVESTOCK ...2.0056
SURVEY OF INSECT PROBLEMS IN MONTANA ...2.0059
COORDINATION OF MOSQUITO CONTROL IN NEW JERSEY
...2.0061
MOSQUITOES IN RELATION TO AGRICULTURAL PRODUC-
TION AND VETERINARY SCIENCE ...2.0062
MOSQUITO CONTROL - TIDAL MARSHES ...2.0063
CONTROLLING MOSQUITOES ON HAYING MEADOWS
...2.0066
NEW OR IMPROVED TECHNIQUES FOR SAFE CHEMICAL
CONTROL OF ECTOPARASITES OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS
...2.0077
THE BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF ARTHROPODS AFFECT-
ING MAN AND ANIMALS ...2.0078
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF MOSQUITOES, SAND FLIES,
AND GNATS OF WESTERN U.S. ...2.0079
EFFECT OF CONTROLLING SALT-MARSH MOSQUITOES
...2.0082
SUSCEPTIBILITY OR RESISTANCE OF MEDICALLY IMPOR-
TANT INSECTS TO INSECTICIDES ON SELECTED AIR
FORCE BASES ...2.0084
MOSQUITO AND HOUSEFLY CONTROL WITH CHEMOSTERI-
LANTS IN EGYPT ...2.0085
EFFECT OF BITING FLIES ON WEIGHT GAINS IN CATTLE
...2.0090
CHEMICAL CONTROL OF WEEDS IN PONDS ...2.0093
WEED CONTROL IN RICE PRODUCTION ...2.0097
WEED CONTROL IN RICE PRODUCTION ...2.0098
AQUATIC WEED CONTROL RESEARCH ...2.0100
CONTROL OF WEEDS AND CERTAIN OTHER AQUATIC
PESTS IN THE PACIFIC SOUTHWEST ...2.0101
2-100
-------
SUBJECT INDEX
Pesticide Residue in Animals
WEED CONTROL IN IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE SYSTEMS
...2.0104
PHYSIOLOGY, BIOCHEMISTRY AND CONTROL OF AQUATIC
WEEDS, CHEMISTRY OF HERBICIDES ...2.0105
INVESTIGATIONS OF ALGAE INHIBITING MATERIALS
...2.0106
AROMATIC SOLVENT AQUATIC HERBICIDES AND EMULSI-
FYING AGENT TESTING ...2.0107
GROWTH SUPPRESSION AND REDUCTION IN REGROWTH
POTENTIAL OF AQUATIC WEEDS ...2.0110
LABORATORY STUDY OF AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTAL FAC-
TORS AND PLANT GROWTH STAGES ON AQUATIC WEED
GROWTH AND HERBICIDAL RESPONSE ...2.0111
AQUATIC PEST CONTROL ...2.0112
EVALUATION OF HERBICIDES FOR CONTROL OF AQUATIC
WEEDS ...2.0116
ECOLOGY AND BIOCONTROL OF AQUATIC WEEDS IN THE
SOUTHEAST ...2.0117
WEED CONTROL IN CITRICULTURE ...2.0123
TESTING OF NEW HERBICIDES ...2.0125
TESTING OF METHODS OF HERBICIDE APPLICATION
...2.0126
THE PHYSIOLOGY AND CHEMICAL CONTROL OF AQUATIC
WEEDS IN THE SOUTHEAST ...2.0129
AQUATIC WEED SUPPRESSION AND CONTROL IN LARGE
CANALS ...2.0132
DETERMINATION OF THE EFFECTS OF A FERTILIZER-IN-
DUCED PLANKTON TURBIDITY, SUPPLEMENTED BY HER-
BICIDES, ON SUBMERGED AQUATIC PLANTS ...2.0137
USE OF CHEMICALS ON RICE ...2.0140
FOREST AND FARM GAME HABITAT; FISH POND ...2.0143
EXPANDED AQUATIC PLANT CONTROL PROJECT ...2.0146
CONTROL OF CANADA THISTLE AND WATER WEEDS
...2.0158
STUDIES IN SOILS, CROPS, WATER MANAGEMENT AND
WEED CONTROL UNDER IRRIGATED CONDITIONS
...2.0159
CONTROL OF WEEDS IN AQUATIC AND NONCROP AREAS
IN THE UPPER MISSOURI RIVER BASIN ...2.0160
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF AQUATIC WEEDS ...2.0162
FACTORS CONTROLLING THE GROWTH OF THE AQUATIC
WEED SALVINIA ...2.0166
WEED CONTROL IN RICE FIELDS AND PASTURE LANDS IN
THE GULF COAST AREA ...2.0176
ALGACIDES FOR USE IN WATER RECLAMATION AND
REUSE SYSTEMS ...2.0177
CONTROL OF WEEDS IN AQUATIC AND NONCROP AREAS
IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST ...2.0178
WEED CONTROL IN IRRIGATED HORTICULTURAL CROPS
IN WASHINGTON ...2.0179
METHODS FOR CONTROLLING ALLIGATORWEED AND
OTHER WEEDS IN CANALS, WATERWAYS, AND AD-
JACENT WATERS IN THE SOUTHEASTERN U. S. ...2.0186
EXPERIMENTAL USE OF PESTICIDES FOR FISHERIES
MANAGEMENT PURPOSES ...2.0189
STUDIES OF SHARK REPELLENTS AND OTHER ANTISHARK
MEASURES ...2.0191
SEA LAMPREY CONTROL - LAKE HURON CHEMICAL CON-
TROL ...2.0204
SEA LAMPREY CONTROL - AGE AND GROWTH STUDIES
...2.0206
SEA LAMPREY CONTROL - ASSESSMENT METHODS ...2.0208
EXPERIMENTATION WITH FINTROL AS A FISH TOXICANT
IN DEEP, SOFT-WATER LAKES ...2.0213
PLANNING FOR CREATION OF SALMONID FISHERIES IN
LAKE ONTARIO ...2.0221
PRE-LAMPREY CONTROL INVENTORY OF FISH STOCKS
...2.0222
THE TOX1CITY AND DETOXIFICATION OF THE ROTENONE
FORMULATIONS USED IN FISH MANAGEMENT ...2.0226
PISCICIDE TOXICOLOGY OF THE CYPRINIDS IN EAST AND
WEST PAULINA LAKES ...2.0228
EVALUATE FISH TOXICANTS (SUNSET LAKE SEGMENT)
...2.0229
EVALUATE FISH TOXICANT (ANTIMYCIN) (EAGLE LAKE
SEGMENT) ...2.0230
FISH TOXICANT STUDIES ...2.0232
THE EFFICACY OF QUINALDINE SULFATE - MS-222 AS AN
ANESTHETIC FOR FISH IN THE LABORATORY - WARM
SPRINGS ...2,0239
SELECTIVE REMOVAL OF VARIOUS FISH SPECIES WITH AN-
TIMYCIN ...2.0240
THE EFFICACY OF THANITE (ISOBORNYL THIO-
CYANOACETATE) AS A FISH COLLECTION AID ...2.0242
THE EFFICACY OF MONSANTO NO. 51294 AS A FISH TOXI-
CANT (LABORATORY) ..2.0243
THE EFFICACY AND PERSISTENCE OF FORMULATIONS OF
ANTIMYCIN ...2.0244
ESTABLISH MINIMUM DOSES OF ANTIMYCIN AND
ROTENONE NEEDED FOR TOTAL KILLS OF TARGET
FISHES ...2.0247
STATIC BIOASSAY OF ATTRACTANTS AND REPELLANTS
AGAINST FISH AND INVERTEBRATES ...2.0258
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF MCN-JR-7464 AS AN ANESTHETIC
FOR SELECTED SPECIES OF FISH (ABBREV) ...2.0261
CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC CONTROL OF SCHISTOSOMIASJS BY
HORMONES ...2.0266
EVALUATION OF EFFECTS OF SATURATED HYDROCAR-
BONS ON PRESERVATIVE QUALITY OF CREOSOTE
...2.0267
THE BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF THE SNAIL INTER-
MEDIATE HOST OF SCHISTOSOMES ...2.0276
•A METHOD OF DESTROYING ONCOMELANIA-THE SNAIL
VECTOR OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS' ...2.0284
METHOD OF KILLING ONCOMELANIA & AQUATIC SNAIL
VECTORS OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS ...2.0285
DEVELOPMENT OF A TOXIC BAIT ...2.0286
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF TERRESTIAL MOLLUSKS
...2.0289
MOLLUSCICIDES A CORRELATION OF STRUCTURE VS.
ACTIVITY ...2.0291
EFFECT OF PRETREATMENT MOLDING OF SOUTHERN PINE
ON THE PERMANENCE OF THE PRESERVATIVE IN SEA-
WATER EXPOSURE ...2.0295
MARINE PILING ANALYSIS ...2.0296
PARASITES OF WARMWATER FISHES AND THEIR CONTROL
...3.0108
CONTROL OF MYXOSPORIDIAN PARASITES ...3.0109
AQUICULTURE, OYSTER HATCHERIES - RESEARCH ...3.0118
PARASITES AND PARASITIC DISEASES OF FISHES STUDY
OF NEW METHODS FOR CONTROL OF ICHTHYOPHT
...3.0128
CONTROL OF MYXOSOMA CEREBRALIS AND OTHER CAR-
TILAGINOUS MYXOSPORIDA FILTRATION AND UL-
TRAVIOLET IRRADIATION ...3.0129
FEEDING HABITS OF MOSQUITO LARVAE ...4.0034
DEVELOPMENT OF CULTURE METHODS FOR MOSQUITOES
...4.0035
BASIC STUDIES ON THE BEHAVIOR AND PHYSIOLOGY OF
INSECTS THAT AFFECT MAN ...4.0047
LABORATORY ANALYSIS OF INSECTICIDE EFFECTIVENESS
AGAINST MEDICALLY IMPORTANT INSECTS ...4.0068
RESEARCH ON ARTHROPOD-BORNE DISEASES -1 ...4.0070
Pesticide Industry
PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN ENVIRONMENT AND EFFECTS ON
MARKETING AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES ..1.0062
CHARACTERISTICS AND POLLUTIONAL PROBLEMS OF
PESTICIDE MANUFACTURING WASTES ...1.0093
DEVELOPMENT OF TREATMENT PROCESS FOR
CHLORINATED HYDROCARBON PESTICIDE MANUFAC-
TURING AND PROCESSING WASTES ...1.0118
CHARACTERISTICS AND POLLUTIONAL PROBLEMS OF
PESTICIDE MANUFACTURING WASTES ...1.0210
DISTRIBUTION OF ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDE
RESIDUES IN NATURAL WATERS AND SEDIMENTS
...1.0215
Pesticide Residue in Animals
Animal Tox. or Resid. -other
PATTERNS OF PESTICIDE CONTAMINATION OF WATER
...1.0039
2-101
-------
Pesticide Residue in Animals
SUBJECT INDEX
ESTUARINE ECOSYSTEMS ...1.0128
CHEMICAL ANALYSES ...1.0129
RESEARCH INITIATION FATE OF SELECTED OR-
GANOPHOSPHATE AND CARBAMATE INSECTICIDES IN
SURFACE WATERS ...1.0146
PRESTICIDE INPUTS AND LEVELS IN MINNESOTA WATERS
OF THE LAKE SUPERIOR BASIN ...1.0167
SERVICES FOR THE QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF PESTI-
CIDES IN SEA WATER AND BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES ...1.0172
PREPARATION OF CHLORINE-36 LABELED OR-
GANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES AND RELATED COM-
POUNDS (PCB'S) ...1.0174
CHEMICAL, PHYSICAL, AND BIOLOGICAL DYNAMICS OF
NORTHERN PRAIRIE LAKES ...1.0205
OCCURRENCE OF PESTICIDES IN AQUATIC ENVIRON-
MENTS ...1.0219
PESTICIDES RESEARCH ...1.0232
THE OCCURRENCE OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN THE LOWER
BRISBANE RIVER AND IN THE TISSUES OF ESTUARINE
ANIMALS ...1.0233
BEHAVIOR OF ESTUARINE ANIMALS ...1.0240
PHYSIOLOGY OF ESTUARINE ORGANISMS ...1.0242
EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON MARINE ANIMALS ...1.0244
CONTINUOUS-FLOW BIOASSAY OF PESTICIDES TO EVALU-
ATE THE ACUTE AND CHRONIC EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES
TO FRESHWATER INVERTEBRATES ...1.0294
EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON ESTUARINE ORGANISMS
...1.0304
EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON ESTUARINE ORGANISMS
...1.0305
PESTICIDE TOXICITY TO MARINE FISH AND INVER-
TEBRATES ...1.0307
PESTICIDE MONITORING PROGRAM LAKE MICHIGAN AND
TRIBUTARIES IN ILLINOIS ...1.0328
THE FATE OF SELECT PESTICIDES IN THE AQUATIC EN-
VIRONMENT ...1.0330
ECOLOGY OF PESTICIDES IN AN AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM
...1.0339
AN EVALUATION OF WIDELY USED HERBICIDES ON
AQUATIC PLANTS, FISH AND FISH-FOOD ORGANISMS
...1.0343
TOXICITY HAZARD OF POLYCHOLORINATED BIPHENYLS
TO AQUATIC LIFE ...1.0347
STUDIES ON THE UPTAKE AND TRANSLOCATION OF CM-
LABELED DDT AND ALDRIN IN INVERTEBRATE POPULA-
TIONS, FY 1970 ...1.0354
RESPIRATION RATES OF FISH-FOOD INVERTEBRATES EX-
POSED TO PESTICIDES ...1.0355
EFFECT OF MOSQUITO CONTROL CHEMICALS ON
AQUATIC FAUNA ...2.0003
AQUATIC WEED CONTROL RESEARCH ...2.0100
WEED CONTROL IN IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE SYSTEMS
...2.0104
ECOLOGY AND BIOCONTROL OF AQUATIC WEEDS IN THE
SOUTHEAST ...2.0117
STATIC BIOASSAY OF TOXICANTS AGAINST FISH AND IN-
VERTEBRATES ...2.0255
STATIC BIOASSAY OF REPRODUCTIVE CONTROLS AGAINST
FISH AND INVERTEBRATES ...2.0256
CONTINUOUS FLOW BIOASSAY OF TOXICANTS AGAINST
FISH AND INVERTEBRATES ...2.0259
Domestic Animals
LIVESTOCK DETOXICATING MECHANISMS OF PESTICIDES
...1.0212
RELATION OF APPLICATION METHODS, CONCENTRATION,
AND VOLUME OF INSECTICIDE TO CATTLE INSECT CON-
TROL ...2.0039
NEW OR IMPROVED TECHNIQUES FOR SAFE CHEMICAL
CONTROL OF ECTOPARASITES OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS
...2.0077
Insects - Beneficial
STUDY OF CHRONIC TOXICITY OF LINDANE TO SELECTED
FRESHWATER FISHES AND FOOD CHAIN ORGANISMS
...1.0337
EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON NON-TARGET ORGANISMS
...1.0341
AERIAL DISPERSAL METHODS FOR CONCENTRATED IN-
SECTICIDES ...2.0009
Laboratory Animals
REDUCTION OF HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH RESIDUES OF
INSECTICIDAL CHEMICALS IN THE ENVIRONMENT
...1.0037
METABOLISM OF ENDRIN IN PONDS ...1.0113
UPTAKE AND RELEASE OF DALAPON IN EARTHEN PONDS
...1.0114
THE BIOASSAY OF WATER POLLUTANTS WITH CULTURED
MAMMALIAN CELLS ...1.0200
EFFECT OF ENDRIN ON EGG-SPERM FORMATION AND
EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT ...1.0229
PRELIMINARY STUDIES ON ENDRIN AND OTHER PESTICIDE
UPTAKES BY FINGERLING CHANNEL CATFISH ...1.0231
THE OCCURRENCE OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN THE LOWER
BRISBANE RIVER AND IN THE TISSUES OF ESTUARINE
ANIMALS ...1.0233
EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON AQUATIC ANIMALS IN THE
ESTUARINE AND MARINE ENVIRONMENTS ...1.0234
BEHAVIOR OF ESTUARINE ANIMALS ...1.0240
LABORATORY BIOASSAYS ...1.0241
PHYSIOLOGY OF ESTUARINE ORGANISMS ...1.0242
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN SUB-LETHAL PESTICIDES AND
REPRODUCTION AND BEHAVIOR OF FISHES ...1.0245
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL FACTORS AFFECTING FISH
...1.0246
EFFECTS OF CHRONIC SUBLETHAL DOSAGES OF DDT ON
THE SWIMMING PERFORMANCE OF ATLANTIC SALMON
PARR ...1.0252
THE EFFECTS OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES ON LARVAL AND
JUVENILE WINTER FLOUNDER IN THE WEWEANTIC
RIVER ESTUARY, MASSACHUSETTS ...1.0253
FIELD STUDIES OF PESTICIDE EFFECTS ON FISHES ...1.0257
PHYSIOLOGIC RESPONSE OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS TO
POLLUTANTS ...1.0260
LABORATORY BIOASSAYS TO DETERMINE TOXIC EFFECS
OF METHOXYCHLOR IN FISH ...1.0264
THE UPTAKE OF AND BIOLOGICAL RESPONSES TO
AROCLORS IN CHANNEL CATFISH ...1.0267
SCREENING PESTICIDES FOR TERATOGENIC EFFECTS ON
GAMBUSIA CHRONIC TOXICITY OF PESTICIDES TO
FRESHWATER FISHES ...1.0268
PESTICIDE EFFECTS ON FISH ENDOCRINE FUNCTIONS
...1.0269
EFFECTS ON THE SPERMIATION RESPONSE OF GOLDFISH
AFTER EXPOSURE TO SELECTED PESTICIDES ...1.0270
NERVE IMPULSE TRANSMISSION CHARACTERISTICS OF
ISOLATED FISH-NERVE PREPARATIONS PERFUSED WITH
PHYSIOLOGICAL LEVELS OF SELECTED PESTICIDES
...1.0271
THYROIDAL 1125 UPTAKE IN IMMATURE CHANNEL CAT-
FISH FOLLOWING EXPOSURE TO SELECTED TOXICANTS
...1.0272
SERUM ANALYSIS OF CUTTHROAT TROUT EXPOSED
CHRONICALLY TO METHOXYCHLOR PESTICIDE EFFECTS
ON FISH ENDOCRINE FUNCTIONS ...1.0273
COMPARISON OF METHODS USED TO MEASURE ESTERASE
ACTIVITY. INTERACTIONS BETWEEN PESTICIDES ON
FISH ENZYME SYSTEMS ...1.0274
SEASONAL CHANGES IN ESTERASE ACTIVITY IN FISH AND
INVERTEBRATES. INTERACTIONS BETWEEN PESTICIDES
ON FISH ENZYME SYSTEMS ...1.0275
CHARACTERIZATION OF ESTERASE(S) PRESENT IN FISH
BLOOD ...1.0276
SCREENING OF PESTICIDES AGAINST FISH AT COLUMBIA
MISSOURI ...1.0277
THE INFLUENCES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS ON
THE TOXICITY OF PESTICIDES ...1.0278
THE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF VARIOUS LIFE STAGES OF FRESH-
WATER FISHES TO THREE TOXICANTS ...1.0279
RELATIVE SUSCEPTIBILITIES OF FISH FAMILIES TO HERBI-
CIDES ...1.0280
INVESTIGATION OF STRESS-INDUCED MOBILIZATION OF
INSECTICIDE RESIDUES CHRONIC TOXICITY OF PESTI-
CIDES TO FISH ...1.0281
CHRONIC EFFECTS OF DURSBAN ON WARM-WATER FISH
...1.0282
2-102
-------
SUBJECT INDEX
Pesticide Residue in Animals
CHRONIC TOXICITY OF PESTICIDES TO FRESHWATER
FISHES ...1.0285
EARLY SQUAMATION OF BLUEGILL (LEPOMIS
MACROCHIRUS) AND FATHEAD MINNOWS (PIMEPHALES
PROMELAS) EXPOSED TO AROCLORS ...1.0286
CHRONIC TOXICITY OF PESTICIDES TO FISH ...1.0287
PESTICIDE EFFECTS ON NITROGEN METABOLISM IN
TELEOSTS ...1.0289
PESTICIDE EFFECTS ON NITROGEN METABOLISM IN
TELEOSTS ...1.0290
MINERAL IMBALANCE IN BLUEGILLS EXPOSED TO
MALATHION PESTICIDE-INDUCED MINERAL IMBALANCE
IN FISH ...1.0292
UPTAKE AND METABOLISM BY FISH OF 2,4-D DIMETHYL
AMINE SALT ...1.0293
CONTINUOUS-FLOW BIOASSAY OF PESTICIDES TO EVALU-
ATE THE ACUTE AND CHRONIC EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES
TO FRESHWATER INVERTEBRATES ...1.0294
METHOXYCHLOR-CAUSED EFFECTS ON CUTTHROAT
TROUT PHYSIOLOGY CHRONIC TOXICITY OF INSECTI-
CIDES TO COLD-WATER FISH ...1.0296
THE EFFECT OF DIELDRIN ON SURVIVAL AND DEVELOP-
MENT OF FISH EGGS ...1.0300
BIOCHEMICAL EFFECTS OF TOXIC CHEMICALS ...1.0303
EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON ESTUARINE ORGANISMS
...1.030S
EFFECT OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES ON GAME FISH POPULA-
TIONS ...1.0310
EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION ON FISH DIS-
EASES ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES AND DISEASE
RESISTANCE MECHANISMS OF RAINBOW TROUT ...1.0312
RESIDUES OF THANITE IN FISH MUSCLE ...1.0314
RESIDUES OF TFM IN FISH-LA CROSSE ...1.0315
CHRONIC TOXICITY OF PESTICIDES TO COLD-WATER FISH
...1.0318
EFFECT OF HERBICIDES ON AN AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT
...1.0319
THE CHEMISTRY AND TOXICOLOGY OF AGRICULTURAL
CHEMICALS ...1.0322
ECOLOGY OF PESTICIDES IN AN AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM
.1.0339
IN VITRO POTENCY OF SEVERAL ANTICHOLINESTERASE
AGENTS WITH SELECTED MEMBERS OF THE AQUATIC
ENVIRONMENT ...1.0348
INTERACTION BETWEEN MICROORGANISMS AND PESTI-
CIDES ...1.0351
BIODEGRADATION OF PESTICIDES IN A FRESHWATER
ECOSYSTEM INTERACTION BETWEEN MICROORGAN-
ISMS AND PESTICIDES ...1.0352
POND ECOLOGY AND PRODUCTION AS AFFECTED BY
SIMAZINE ...1.0353
STUDY OF CHRONIC TOXICITY OF PARATHION TO
SELECTED FRESHWATER FISHES AND FOOD CHAIN OR-
GANISMS ...1.0357
TOXICOLOGY OF PESTICIDES IN THE ENVIRONMENT
...1.0360
PHARMACOLOGICAL AND ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF
PESTICIDES ...1.0362
SELECTIVE TOXICITY BY OPTICALLY ACTIVE
PHOSPHONOTHIONATE PESTICIDES ...2.0086
ACTION MECHANISMS OF INSECTICIDAL DERIVATIVES
...2.0089
CHEMICAL CONTROL OF WEEDS IN PONDS ...2.0093
AQUATIC PLANT CONTROL ...2.0128
EFFECTS OF METHOXYCHLOR ON THE CONDITIONING OF
STRIPED BASS TO AN OLFACTORY STIMULUS ...2.0233
THE DEVELOPMENT OF ANALYTICAL METHODS CAPABLE
OF MEASURING TFM RESIDUES IN FISH, WATER, AND
OTHER COMPLEX SUBSTRATES ...2.0238
IN VIVO AND IN VITRO STUDIES ON THE MODE OF ACTION
OF TFM ...2.0250
METABOLISM AND EXCRETION OF TFM ...2.0251
THE EFFECTS OF TFM ON THE BLOOD CHEMISTRY OF
FISHES ...2.0252
THE EFFECTS OF THANITE ON THE INORGANIC BLOOD
CHEMISTRIES OF FISHES ...2.0253
CORRELATION OF STRUCTURE VS. ACTIVITY OF POLLU-
TANTS OF FRESH WATER ...2.0290
TOXICITY OF THERAPEUTIC AGENTS TO STRIPED BASS
Wildlife
Birds
PESTICIDE MONITORING OF AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT
MICHIGAN PORTION OF THE GREAT LAKES BASIN
DESIGNING A GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING
SYSTEM . .1.0206
LIVESTOCK DETOXICATING MECHANISMS OF PESTICIDES
...1.0212
FACTORS AFFECTING PESTICIDE TOXICITY ...1.0255
THE FATE AND EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES IN THE AQUATIC
ENVIRONMENT OF THE FLATHEAD LAKE DRAINAGE
AREA ...1.0297
FISHERY RESOURCES PROGRAM ...1.0317
REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF FISH-EATING BIRDS IN
NORTHERN CALIFORNIA ...1.0320
INVESTIGATION OF MEANS FOR CONTROLLED SELF-
DESTRUCTION OF PESTICIDES ...1.0323
PESTICIDES AND WILDLIFE ...1.0324
SELECTED PESTICIDES VS. WILDLIFE IN AQUATIC EN-
VIRONMENTS ...1.0325
THE EFFECT OF PESTICIDES ON AN ECOSYSTEM ...1.0365
PESTICIDE LEVELS IN BIRDS WINTERING ON LAKE
MICHIGAN ...1.0367
INSECTICIDES AND EGG-SHELL DEPOSITION ...1.0368
Fish
DEVELOPMENT OF A TECHNIQUE FOR THE CONTROLLED
SELF-DESTRUCTION OF FIELD-APPLIED DDT ...1.0014
REDUCTION OF HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH RESIDUES OF
INSECTICIDAL CHEMICALS IN THE ENVIRONMENT
...1.0037
REDUCTION OF RESIDUES OF INSECTICIDAL CHEMICALS
IN THE ENVIRONMENT ...1.0O46
RELATIONSHIP OF PESTICIDES IN SOIL, WATER AND
PLANTS ...1.0057
HERBICIDE RESIDUES IN IRRIGATION WATER AND IN
CROPS AND SOILS IRRIGATED WITH TREATED WATER
...1.0107
DEVELOPMENT OF ON-SITE BIOASSAY METHODS ...1.0108
METABOLISM OF ENDRIN IN PONDS ...1.0113
CHEMICAL ANALYSES ...1.0129
EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON ESTUARINE PRODUCTIVITY
...1.0133
PESTICIDE MONITORING PROGRAM LAKE MICHIGAN
...1.0143
GREAT LAKES PESTICIDE MONITORING PROGRAM, INDI-
ANA ...1.0147
PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN KANSAS STREAMS ...1.0150
GEOGRAPHIC ATLAS OF PESTICIDE OCCURRENCE IN THE
BARATARIA BAY-MISSISSIPPI DELTA ...1.0152
MONITORING OF PESTICIDE LEVELS IN THE GREAT LAKES
...1.0160
PESTICIDE MONITORING OF AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT,
MICHIGAN PORTION OF THE GREAT LAKES BASIN
...1.0163
PESTICIDES INPUTS AND LEVELS IN MINNESOTA WATERS
OF LAKE SUPERIOR BASIN ...1.0166
DESIGNING A GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING
SYSTEM ...1.0206
PESTICIDE MONITORING ...1.0217
OCCURRENCE OF PESTICIDES IN AQUATIC ENVIRON-
MENTS ...1.0219
EFFECT OF HERBICIDES ON AN AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT
...1.0228
PRELIMINARY STUDIES ON ENDRIN AND OTHER PESTICIDE
UPTAKES BY FINGERLING CHANNEL CATFISH ...1.0231
PESTICIDES RESEARCH ...1.0232
CURRENT FISH AND WILDLIFE PESTICIDE PROBLEMS
...1.0235
PHYSIOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR OF LARVAE (PHYSIOECOLO-
GY OF SHELLFISH PROGRAM) ...1.0236
RESEARCH STUDY ON THE EFFECTS OF POLLUTION ON
SUB-TROPICAL FISH AND CRUSTACEANS ...1.0237
2-103
-------
Pesticide Residue in Animals
SUBJECT INDEX
ENZYME SYSTEMS OF ESTUAR1NE ORGANISMS ...1.0239
BEHAVIOR OF ESTUARINE ANIMALS ...1.0240
LABORATORY BIOASSAYS ...1.0241
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN SUB-LETHAL PESTICIDES AND
REPRODUCTION AND BEHAVIOR OF FISHES ...1.0245
CONTAMINATION OF CHANNEL CATFISH WITH DIELDR1N
FROM AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF ...1.0247
ENZYME AND TISSUE ALTERATIONS IN FISH A MEASURE
OF WATER QUALITY ...1.0248
EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE IN
THE MOSQUITOFISH, GAMBUSIA AFFINIS ...1.0249
PESTICIDE CONTAMINATION OF ENVIRONMENT ...1.0250
TOXICITY OF POLLUTANTS TO STRIPED BASS ...1.0251
THE EFFECTS OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES ON LARVAL AND
JUVENILE WINTER FLOUNDER IN THE WEWEANT1C
RIVER ESTUARY, MASSACHUSETTS ...1.0253
PESTICIDE RESIDUE EFFECTS ON LARVAL MARINE FISHES
...1.0254
FACTORS AFFECTING PESTICIDE TOXICITY ...1.0255
RATES OF PESTICIDE BUILDUP IN SALMONIDS RECENTLY
INTRODUCED IN THE GREAT LAKES ...1.0256
PHYSIOLOGIC RESPONSE OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS TO
POLLUTANTS ...1.0260
BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN
FISH ...1.0261
MAGNITUDE AND NATURE OF POLYCHLORINATED
BIPHENYLS IN COHO SALMON ...1.0262
STREAM STUDIES TO DETERMINE TOXIC EFFECTS OF
METHOXYCHLOR IN FISH POPULATIONS ...1.0263
LABORATORY BIOASSAYS TO DETERMINE TOXIC EFFECS
OF METHOXYCHLOR IN FISH ...1.0264
A TISSUE ENZYME ASSAY FOR CHLORINATED HYDROCAR-
BON INSECTICIDES ...1.0265
MODE OF ACTION OF INSECTICIDES AS RELATED TO IN-
SECT METABOLISM AND BEHAVIOR ...1.0266
CHRONIC EFFECTS OF DURSBAN ON WARM-WATER FISH
...1.0282
PESTICIDE EFFECTS ON FISH ENDOCRINE FUNCTIONS
...1.0291
UPTAKE AND METABOLISM BY FISH OF 2,4-D DIMETHYL
AMINE SALT ...1.0293
THE FATE AND EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES IN THE AQUATIC
ENVIRONMENT OF THE FLATHEAD LAKE DRAINAGE
AREA ...1.0297
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE USE OF AGRICUL-
TURAL CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS AND THEIR
RESIDUES IN CHANNEL CATFISH ...1.0298
ACCUMULATION OF PESTICIDES IN MENHADEN ...1.0299
TOXICITY OF SELECTED METALS TO CONDITIONED FISH
...1.0302
BIOCHEMICAL EFFECTS OF TOXIC CHEMICALS ...1.0303
EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON ESTUARINE ORGANISMS
...1.0304
EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON ESTUARINE ORGANISMS
..1.0305
PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN OR ON RAW AGRICULTURAL COM-
MODITIES ...1.0306
PESTICIDE TOXICITY TO MARINE FISH AND INVER-
TEBRATES ...1.0307
INHIBITORY EFFECT OF DDT IN ATPASE ASSAY MIXTURES
...1.0309
ELIMINATE OR REDUCE EFFECTS OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES
...1.0311
SUBLETHAL AMOUNTS OF ORGANIC INSECTICIDES AND
FISH ...1.0313
FISHERY RESOURCES PROGRAM ...1.0317
CHRONIC TOXICITY OF PESTICIDES TO COLD-WATER FISH
...1.0318
PESTICIDES AND WILDLIFE ...1.0324
THE FATE OF SELECT PESTICIDES IN THE AQUATIC EN-
VIRONMENT ...1.0330
ILLINOIS LAWS AFFECTING AGRICULTURE ...1.0332
IMPACT OF PESTICIDES UPON SEMI-WILD ECOSYSTEMS
...1.0335
STUDY OF CHRONIC TOXICITY OF LINDANE TO SELECTED
FRESHWATER FISHES AND FOOD CHAIN ORGANISMS
ECOLOGY OF PESTICIDES IN AN AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM
...1.0339
BIOCHEMICAL ECOLOGICAL RELATIONSHIPS OF PESTI-
CIDES AND THE BIO-CONSTITUENTS OF AQUATIC COM-
MUNITIES ...1.0342
IN VITRO POTENCY OF SEVERAL ANTICHOLINESTERASE
AGENTS WITH SELECTED MEMBERS OF THE AQUATIC
ENVIRONMENT ...1.0348
CHEMICAL BIOCIDES IN LAKES ...1.0364
INSECTICIDES AND EGG-SHELL DEPOSITION ...1.0368
INSECTICIDE AND NON-CHEMICAL CONTROL OF
MOSQUITOES ...2.0025
CHEMICAL CONTROL OF WEEDS IN PONDS ...2.0093
PHYSIOLOGY, BIOCHEMISTRY AND CONTROL OF AQUATIC
WEEDS, CHEMISTRY OF HERBICIDES ...2.0105
AQUATIC PLANT CONTROL ...2.0128
ASSESSMENT OF LAKE TROUT RESTORATION IN MICHIGAN
WATERS OF LAKE MICHIGAN, 1969-70 ...2.0202
LAKE HURON CHEMICAL CONTROL ...2.0209
STATIC BIOASSAY OF TOXICANTS AGAINST FISH AND IN-
VERTEBRATES ...2.0255
CONTINUOUS FLOW BIOASSAY OF TOXICANTS AGAINST
FISH AND INVERTEBRATES ...2.0259
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF MCN-JR-7464 AS AN ANESTHETIC
FOR SELECTED SPECIES OF FISH (ABBREV) ...2.0261
CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION OF BIOLOGICALLY IMPOR-
TANT NATURAL PRODUCTS ...2.0265
Mammals
DESIGNING A GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING
SYSTEM ...1.0206
CURRENT FISH AND WILDLIFE PESTICIDE PROBLEMS
...1.0235
FACTORS AFFECTING PESTICIDE TOXICITY ...1.0255
EFFECT OF CONTROLLING SALT-MARSH MOSQUITOES
...2.0082
Wildlife Toxicity -other
PESTICIDE LEVELS IN WATER AND WILDLIFE OF REEL-
FOOT LAKE, TENNESSEE ...1.0208
PESTICIDE MONITORING PROGRAM ...1.0238
ENZYME SYSTEMS OF ESTUARINE ORGANISMS ...1.0239
PESTICIDES AND WILDLIFE ...1.0324
Pesticide Residues -general
SOILS, PESTICIDES AND THE QUALITY OF WATER ...1.0141
Pesticide Residues in Humans
Human Tox. or Residues -other
CENTER FOR STUDY OF THE HUMAN ENVIRONMENT
...1.0190
THE EFFECT OF PESTICIDES ON AN ECOSYSTEM ...1.0365
Residues in Foods
INVESTIGATIONS OF RESIDUES IN WATER AND CROPS IR-
RIGATED WITH WATER CONTAINING HERBICIDES
...1.0015
REDUCTION OF PESTICIDE RESIDUE HAZARDS ...1.0040
FACTORS INFLUENCING INSECTICIDE RESIDUES IN FOOD,
FORAGE AND OIL CROPS, AND SOIL ...1.0077
PESTICIDE CONTAMINATION OF ENVIRONMENT ...1.0250
QUALITY FACTORS OF LAKE MICHIGAN COHO SALMON
FLESH ...1.0259
PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN OR ON RAW AGRICULTURAL COM-
MODITIES ...1.0306
EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON NON-TARGET ORGANISMS
...1.0341
TRACE LEVELS OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN AGRICUL-
TURAL COMMODITIES IN MARKETING CHANNELS
...1.0344
LAKE ONTARIO INTERIM COMPREHENSIVE FISHERIES
MANAGEMENT PLAN ...4.0082
2-104
-------
SUBJECT INDEX
Pesticides
Residues in Potable Water
PESTICIDE POLLUTION OF FARMSTEAD WATER SUPPLIES
IN THE SOUTHEAST ...1.0032
REMOVAL OF CONTAMINANTS FROM RURAL WATER SUP-
PLIES ...1.0047
PESTICIDE POLLUTION OF FARMSTEAD WATER SUPPLIES
IN THE NORTHEAST ...1.0052
EFFECTIVENESS OF IODINE FOR DISINFECTION OF PUBLIC
WATER SUPPLIES & TO DETERMINE PHYSIOLOGICAL EF-
FECTS ON A HUMAN POPULATION ...1.0126
EFFECTS OF CHEMICAL IMPURITIES IN WATER DISINFEC-
TION BY HALOGENS ...1.0155
GROUND AND SURFACE WATERS - POLLUTION ...1.0182
PESTICIDE LEVELS IN WATER AND WILDLIFE OF REEL-
FOOT LAKE, TENNESSEE ...1.0208
FATE OF AQUATIC HERBICIDES IN THE AQUATIC EN-
VIRONMENT ...1.0329
AQUATIC PLANT CONTROL ...2.0128
Pesticide Selectivity
ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR PESTICIDES AND PESTICIDE
DEGRADATION PRODUCTS ...1.0088
DEVELOPMENT OF ON-SITE BIOASSAY METHODS ...1.0108
COMPARATIVE EFFECTS OF WEED COMPETITION, HERBI-
CIDES AND OTHER WEED CONTROL PRACTICES ON
PLANT RESPONSE ...1.0145
IN VITRO POTENCY OF SEVERAL ANTICHOLINESTERASE
AGENTS WITH SELECTED MEMBERS OF THE AQUATIC
ENVIRONMENT ...1.0348
INVESTIGATIONS OF THE ACTION OF CHEMOSTERILANTS
ON HOUSEFLIES AND OTHER MEDICALLY IMPORTANT
ARTHROPODS ...2.0026
BASIC PHYSIOLOGY OF AQUATIC WEEDS IN THE
SOUTHEAST ...2.0115
DEVELOP A SELECTIVE ALGACIDE TO CONTROL
NUISANCE ALGAL GROWTH ...2.0151
CONTROL OF CANADA THISTLE AND WATER WEEDS
...2.0158
WEED CONTROL IN RICE FIELDS AND PASTURE LANDS IN
THE GULF COAST AREA ...2.0176
CONTROL OF AQUATIC AND NONCROPLAND WEEDS IN
WYOMING, COLORADO, AND NEBRASKA ...2.0187
SOUAWFISH STUDIES-ST. JOE RIVER, IDAHO ...2.0196
SEA LAMPREY CONTROL - LAKE MICHIGAN CHEMICAL
CONTROL ...2.0203
LAKE SUPERIOR CHEMICAL CONTROL OF SEA LAMPREY
...2.0205
SEA LAMPREY CONTROL - REESTABLISHMENT STUDIES
...2.0207
LAKE HURON CHEMICAL CONTROL ...2.0209
BIOASSAY ...2.0211
FISH TOXICANT STUDIES ...2.0232
SELECTIVE REMOVAL OF VARIOUS FISH SPECIES WITH AN-
TIMYCIN ...2.0240
THE EFFICACY OF THANITE (ISOBORNYL TH1O-
CYANOACETATE) AS A FISH COLLECTION AID ...2.0242
THE EFFICACY AND PERSISTENCE OF FORMULATIONS OF
ANTIMYC1N ...2.0244
IN VIVO AND IN VITRO STUDIES ON THE MODE OF ACTION
OF TFM ...2.0250
THE EFFECTS OF TFM ON THE BLOOD CHEMISTRY OF
FISHES ...2.0252
THE EFFECTS OF THANITE ON THE ACID-BASE BALANCE
IN THE BLOOD OF FISHES ...2.0254
Pesticides
Pesticide Stability
LIVESTOCK DETOXICATING MECHANISMS OF PESTICIDES
...1.0212
Adjuvants
EFFECT OF BITING FLIES ON WEIGHT GAINS IN CATTLE
...2.0090
Arodor -see Polychlorinated
RESIDUES OF SELECTED PESTICIDES IN PLANTS, ANIMALS,
AND THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT ...1.0019
THE UPTAKE OF AND BIOLOGICAL RESPONSES TO
AROCLORS IN CHANNEL CATFISH ...1.0267
EARLY SQUAMATION OF BLUEGILL (LEPOMIS
MACROCHIRUS) AND FATHEAD MINNOWS (PIMEPHALES
PROMELAS) EXPOSED TO AROCLORS ...1.0286
CHRONIC TOXICITY OF PESTICIDES TO FISH ...1.0287
CHRONIC TOXICITY OF PESTICIDES TO COLD-WATER FISH
...1.0318
THE EFFECT OF PESTICIDES ON PRIMARY PRODUCERS IN
A FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEM ...1.0350
INTERACTION BETWEEN MICROORGANISMS AND PESTI-
CIDES ...1.0351
Carboset
METHOD OF KILLING ONCOMELANIA & AQUATIC SNAIL
VECTORS OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS ...2.0285
DMSO
INHIBITORY EFFECT OF DDT IN ATPASE ASSAY MIXTURES
...1.0309
Tropical
BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF INSECT CONTROL AGENTS
...2.0050
Algacides
CHEMICAL CONTROL OF WEEDS IN PONDS ...2.0093
INVESTIGATIONS OF ALGAE INHIBITING MATERIALS
...2.0106
A STUDY OF INHIBITORY COMPOUNDS PRODUCED BY
FRESH-WATER ALGAE ...2.0138
DEVELOP A SELECTIVE ALGACIDE TO CONTROL
NUISANCE ALGAL GROWTH ...2.0151
ALGACIDES FOR USE IN WATER RECLAMATION AND
REUSE SYSTEMS ...2.0177
Copper Sulfate
TRANSLOCATION OF PESTICIDES FROM CRANBERRY BOGS
TO THEIR SURROUNDINGS ...1.0056
HERBICIDE RESIDUES IN IRRIGATION WATER AND IN
CROPS AND SOILS IRRIGATED WITH TREATED WATER
...1.0107
AN EVALUATION OF WIDELY USED HERBICIDES ON
AQUATIC PLANTS, FISH AND FISH-FOOD ORGANISMS
...1.0343
CONTROL OF WEEDS AND CERTAIN OTHER AQUATIC
PESTS IN THE PACIFIC SOUTHWEST ...2.0101
EFFECT OF COPPER SULFATE ON AQUATIC WEEDS ...2.0108
AQUATIC PEST CONTROL ..2.0112
EVALUATION OF HERBICIDES FOR CONTROL OF AQUATIC
WEEDS ...2.0116
THE PHYSIOLOGY AND CHEMICAL CONTROL OF AQUATIC
WEEDS IN THE SOUTHEAST ...2.0118
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF AQUATIC WEEDS ...2.0162
AN EVALUATION OF TECHNIQUES TO MANAGE SMALL IM-
POUNDMENTS IN OHIO ...2.0227
THE ECOLOGY OF SELECTED SUBMERSED AQUATIC
WEEDS ...4.0020
Antihelminth
Antihelminth Bilevon -m
PARASITES OF WARMWATER FISHES AND THEIR CONTROL
...3.0108
Antimammal
Diphacin
CURRENT FISH AND WILDLIFE PESTICIDE PROBLEMS
...1.0235
2-105
-------
Pesticides
SUBJECT INDEX
Antiprotozoal
PARASITES AND PARASITIC DISEASES OF FISHES STUDY
OF NEW METHODS FOR CONTROL OF 1CHTHYOPHT
...3.0128
Arsenicals -nonspecific
INACTIVATION AND LOSS OF PESTICIDES FROM SOIL
...1.0002
INACTIVATION AND LOSS OF PESTICIDES FROM SOIL
..1.0097
Avicide - Rodenticide
Strychnine
STUDIES OF SHARK REPELLENTS AND OTHER ANTISHARK
MEASURES ...2.0191
Bactericides
EFFECTS OF CHEMICAL IMPURITIES IN WATER DISINFEC-
TION BY HALOGENS ...1.0155
Hexachlorophene
BIOCHEMICAL EFFECTS OF TOXIC CHEMICALS ...1.0303
Bromine
EFFECTS OF CHEMICAL IMPURITIES IN WATER DISINFEC-
TION BY HALOGENS ...1.0155
Carbamates -nonspecific
CONTROL METHODS FOR JUNIPERS, SHRUB LIVE OAK,
AND ASSOCIATED WEEDS ...1.0004
INSECTICIDAL CHEMICALS IN THE ENVIRONMENT ...1.0043
ANALYSIS OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES ...1.0058
PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN ENVIRONMENT AND EFFECTS ON
MARKETING AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES ...1.0062
FLUORESCENT PROBES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEW
ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR WATER POLLUTION
...1.0137
RESEARCH INITIATION FATE OF SELECTED OR-
GANOPHOSPHATE AND CARBAMATE INSECTICIDES IN
SURFACE WATERS ... 1.0146
A TISSUE ENZYME ASSAY FOR CHLORINATED HYDROCAR-
BON INSECTICIDES ..1.0168
AGRICULTURAL CONTRIBUTIONS TO NUTRIENTS IN
WATER ...1.0186
QUANTITATIVE METHODS FOR PESTICIDES IN NATURAL
WATERS ...1.0198
ENZYME SYSTEMS OF ESTUARINE ORGANISMS ...1.0239
PESTICIDE CONTAMINATION OF ENVIRONMENT ...1.0250
SCREENING PESTICIDES FOR TERATOGENIC EFFECTS ON
GAMBUSIA CHRONIC TOXICITY OF PESTICIDES TO
FRESHWATER FISHES 1.0268
RESPIRATION RATES OF FISH-FOOD INVERTEBRATES EX-
POSED TO PESTICIDES ..1.0355
EVALUATION OF NEW INSECTICIDES ...2.0015
STUDIES ON INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE IN MOSQUITOES
...2.0017
SUSCEPTIBILITY OF INSECTS TO INSECTICIDES ...2.0055
ACTION MECHANISMS OF INSECTICIDAL DERIVATIVES
...2.0089
Chlorinated Hydrocarbons
PESTICIDE MOBILITY AND DEGRADATION IN SOIL-WATER
SYSTEMS ...1.0013
INSECTICIDAL CHEMICALS IN THE ENVIRONMENT ...1.0043
PROPERTIES OF TILE DRAINAGE WATER ...1.0045
ANALYSIS OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES ...1.0058
FATE OF POLLUTANTS IN GROUND WATER ...1.0079
GREEN BAY RESEARCH PROGRAM ...1.0112
DEVELOPMENT OF TREATMENT PROCESS FOR
CHLORINATED HYDROCARBON PESTICIDE MANUFAC-
TURING AND PROCESSING WASTES ...1.0118
ORGANIC SUBSTANCES IN WATER ...1.0119
CHEMICAL ANALYSES ...1.0129
EFFLUENT INFLUENCES OF THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER ON THE
CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY OF ADJACENT OCEAN
SYSTEMS ...1.0130
PESTICIDE MONITORING PROGRAM LAKE MICHIGAN
...1.0143
RESEARCH INITIATION - FATE OF SELECTED OR-
GANOPHOSPHATE AND CARBAMATE INSECTICIDES IN
SURFACE WATERS ...1.0146
THE FACTOR CONTROLLING THE DYNAMICS OF NON-
IONIC SYNTHETIC ORGANIC CHEMICALS IN AQUATIC
ENVIRONMENTS ...1.0148
LIMNOLOGICAL FACTORS AFFECTING PESTICIDE
RESIDUES IN SURFACE WATERS ...1.0149
GEOGRAPHIC ATLAS OF PESTICIDE OCCURRENCE IN THE
BARATARIA BAY-MISSISSIPPI DELTA ...1.0152
EFFECTS OF CHEMICAL IMPURITIES IN WATER DISINFEC-
TION BY HALOGENS ...1.0155
ADSORPTION OF PESTICIDES FROM SEA WATER ...1.0159
DEVELOPMENT OF FIELD METHODS IN SAMPLING WATER
FOR PESTICIDE ANALYSIS ...1.0173
TRANSFER OF PESTICIDES THROUGH WATER, SEDIMENTS,
AND AQUATIC LIFE ...1.0201
TRANSFER OF PESTICIDES THROUGH SOILS, WATER, SEDI-
MENTS AND AQUATIC LIFE ...1.0202
PESTICIDE LEVELS IN WATER AND WILDLIFE OF REEL-
FOOT LAKE, TENNESSEE ...1.0208
DDT IN SNOW FALLEN AT HIGH ALTITUDE SINCE 1950
...1.0214
PESTICIDE MONITORING ...1.0217
OCCURRENCE OF PESTICIDES IN AQUATIC ENVIRON-
MENTS ...1.0219
EVALUATION OF PESTICIDE SOURCES AND LEVELS TRIBU-
TARY TO LAKES MICHIGAN AND SUPERIOR ...1.0221
RESEARCH STUDY ON THE EFFECTS OF POLLUTION ON
SUB-TROPICAL FISH AND CRUSTACEANS ...1.0237
ENZYME AND TISSUE ALTERATIONS IN FISH - A MEASURE
OF WATER QUALITY ...1.0248
A TISSUE ENZYME ASSAY FOR CHLORINATED HYDROCAR-
BON INSECTICIDES ...1.0265
NERVE IMPULSE TRANSMISSION CHARACTERISTICS OF
ISOLATED FISH-NERVE PREPARATIONS PERFUSED WITH
PHYSIOLOGICAL LEVELS OF SELECTED PESTICIDES
...1.0271
THYROIDAL 1125 UPTAKE IN IMMATURE CHANNEL CAT-
FISH FOLLOWING EXPOSURE TO SELECTED TOXICANTS
...1.0272
ACCUMULATION OF PESTICIDES IN MENHADEN ...1.0299
BIOCHEMICAL EFFECTS OF TOXIC CHEMICALS ...1.0303
SUBLETHAL AMOUNTS OF ORGANIC INSECTICIDES AND
FISH ...1.0313
PESTICIDES AND WILDLIFE ...1.0324
PESTICIDE MONITORING PROGRAM LAKE MICHIGAN AND
TRIBUTARIES IN ILLINOIS ...1.0328
MECHANISMS OF PESTICIDE ACCUMULATION IN AQUATIC
ORGANISMS ...1.0338
INFLUENCE OF PROTOZOAN ACTIVITY ON HALOGENATED
HYDROCARBON RESIDUES INTERACTION BETWEEN
MICROORGANISMS AND PESTICIDES ...1.0349
RESPIRATION RATES OF FISH-FOOD INVERTEBRATES EX-
POSED TO PESTICIDES ...1.0355
ACTION MECHANISMS OF INSECTICIDAL DERIVATIVES
...2.0089
INFLUENCE OF PESTICIDES & OTHER HYDROCARBONS ON
GROWTH OF EURYTOLERANT MICROALGAE ...2.0148
ASSESSMENT OF LAKE TROUT RESTORATION IN MICHIGAN
WATERS OF LAKE MICHIGAN, 1969-70 ...2.0202
Cyanides -nonspecific
STUDIES OF SHARK REPELLENTS AND OTHER ANTISHARK
MEASURES ...2.0191
GAME FISH REPRODUCTION AND ROUGH FISH PROBLEMS
IN ELEPHANT BUTTE LAKE ...4.0081
Cyclodiene Cpds. -nonspecific
A TISSUE ENZYME ASSAY FOR CHLORINATED HYDROCAR-
BON INSECTICIDES ...1.0168
Disinfectants & Antiseptics
EFFECTIVENESS OF IODINE FOR DISINFECTION OF PUBLIC
WATER SUPPLIES & TO DETERMINE PHYSIOLOGICAL EF-
FECTS ON A HUMAN POPULATION 1.0126
2-106
-------
SUBJECT INDEX
Pesticides
EFFECTS OF CHEMICAL IMPURITIES IN WATER DISINFEC-
TION BY HALOGENS ...1.01S5
USE OF CELL CULTURE METHODS TO ATTEMPT TO FOL-
LOW DEVELOPING STAGES OF SPORES ...3.0062
CONTROL OF MYXOSOMA CEREBRALIS AND OTHER CAR-
TILAGINOUS MYXOSPORIDA FILTRATION AND UL-
TRAVIOLET IRRADIATION ...3.0129
EFFECT OF DISINFECTING AGENTS ON M. CEREBRALIS
...3.0130
Acriflavine
TOXICITY OF THERAPEUTIC AGENTS TO STRIPED BASS
...3.0112
CTAB
STUDY OF ELECTROHYDRAULIC WATER TREATMENT
...1.0121
Formalin
BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES IN FISH DISEASES - THE STRESS
OF FORMALIN TREATMENTS IN SALMONID FISHES
...3.0124
Potassium Permanganate
DEVELOPMENT OF ACCURATE CHEMICAL INTRODUCTION
TECHNIQUES ...2.0223
TIME-CONCENTRATION TESTS INVOLVING NEUTRALIZA-
TION OF ROTENONE WITH POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE
...2.0224
AN EVALUATION OF TECHNIQUES TO MANAGE SMALL IM-
POUNDMENTS IN OHIO ...2.0227
TOXICITY OF THERAPEUTIC AGENTS TO STRIPED BASS
...3.0112
Fumigant
WEED CONTROL IN IRRIGATED HORTICULTURAL CROPS
IN WASHINGTON ...2.0179
Acrylonitrile
CONTROL OF HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL SPILLS BY PHYSI-
CAL BARRIERS ...1.0086
Fungicides
Cuprous Oxide
INVESTIGATIONS OF ALGAE INHIBITING MATERIALS
...2.0106
Dichlone
REDUCTION OF PESTICIDE RESIDUE HAZARDS ...1.0040
Ferbam
LIVESTOCK DETOXICATING MECHANISMS OF PESTICIDES
...1.0212
Fungicides -nonspecific
CURRENT FISH AND WILDLIFE PESTICIDE PROBLEMS
...1.0235
SCREENING PESTICIDES FOR TERATOGENIC EFFECTS ON
GAMBUSIA CHRONIC TOXICITY OF PESTICIDES TO
FRESHWATER FISHES ...1.0268
Malachite Green
PARASITES OF WARMWATER FISHES AND THEIR CONTROL
...3.0108
TOXICITY OF THERAPEUTIC AGENTS TO STRIPED BASS
...3.0112
Tributyltinoxide
INVESTIGATIONS OF ALGAE INHIBITING MATERIALS
...2.0106
METHOD OF KILLING ONCOMELANIA & AQUATIC SNAIL
VECTORS OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS ...2.0285
Herbicides
PESTICIDE MOBILITY AND DEGRADATION IN SOIL-WATER
SYSTEMS ...1.0013
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS OF PESTICIDE USAGE
...1.0038
MOVEMENT OF HERBICIDES IN SOIL BY MASS FLOW
...1.0044
INACTIVATION AND LOSS PESTICIDES FROM SOIL ...1.0048
CONTROL OF PESTICIDES IN SOIL AND WATER ...1.0054
RELATIONSHIP OF PESTICIDES IN SOIL, WATER AND
PLANTS ...1.0057
INTERACTION OF HERBICIDES AND SOIL MICROORGAN-
ISMS ...1.0069
SOIL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND SOIL WATER MOVE-
MENT ...1.0072
NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS, HERBICIDE MOVEMENT BY SOIL
WATER AND SOURCES OF CONTAMINATION ...1.0073
FATES OF AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS IN SOILS ...1.0092
PERSISTENCE AND MODES OF HERBICIDE DISSIPATION
UNDER RANGELAND CONDITIONS ...1.0096
MOVEMENT OF HERBICIDES IN SOIL, SURFACE WATER
AND UNDERGROUND WATER ...1.0099
EFFECT OF USING RUNOFF WATER IN RECHARGE WELLS-
HIGH PLAINS AREA ...1.0100
QUALITY OF IRRIGATION RETURN FLOW ...1.0102
ORGANIC SUBSTANCES IN WATER ...1.0119
POLLUTION LOADS IN RUNOFF FROM SMALL AGRICUL-
TURAL WATERSHEDS ...1.0154
DEVELOPMENT OF ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR
SELECTED HERBICIDES ...1.0175
THE EFFECTS OF HERBICIDES, PESTICIDES, AND FERTIL-
IZERS ON THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF WATER ...1.0177
QUALITY OF STORM WATER DRAINAGE FROM URBAN
LAND AREAS IN NORTH CAROLINA ...1.0187
THE BIOASSAY OF WATER POLLUTANTS WITH CULTURED
MAMMALIAN CELLS ...1.0200
MICROBIOLOGY OF FARM PONDS ...1.0220
SCREENING PESTICIDES FOR TERATOGENIC EFFECTS ON
GAMBUSIA CHRONIC TOXICITY OF PESTICIDES TO
FRESHWATER FISHES ...1.0268
RELATIVE SUSCEPTIBILITIES OF FISH FAMILIES TO HERBI-
CIDES ...1.0280
ALGAL FOODS OF SHELLFISH (MICROORGANISMS AFFECT-
ING SHELLFISH PROGRAM) ...1.0326
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS OF PESTICIDE USAGE
...1.0334
THE EFFECT OF PESTICIDES ON PRIMARY PRODUCERS IN
A FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEM ...1.0350
AQUATIC WEED CONTROL RESEARCH ...2.0100
WEED CONTROL IN IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE SYSTEMS
...2.0104
AROMATIC SOLVENT AQUATIC HERBICIDES AND EMULSI-
FYING AGENT TESTING ...2.0107
HERBICIDE RESIDUES ...2.0109
GROWTH SUPPRESSION AND REDUCTION IN REGROWTH
POTENTIAL OF AQUATIC WEEDS ...2.0110
LABORATORY STUDY OF AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTAL FAC-
TORS AND PLANT GROWTH STAGES ON AQUATIC WEED
GROWTH AND HERBICIDAL RESPONSE ...2.0111
TESTING OF NEW HERBICIDES ...2.0125
TESTING OF METHODS OF HERBICIDE APPLICATION
...2.0126
AQUATIC PLANT CONTROL ...2.0128
AQUATIC WEED SUPPRESSION AND CONTROL IN LARGE
CANALS ...2.0132
GROWTH REGULATORS AND MINERAL NUTRITION IN
AQUATIC PLANT CONTROL ...2.0134
DETERMINATION OF THE EFFECTS OF A FERTILIZER-IN-
DUCED PLANKTON TURBIDITY, SUPPLEMENTED BY HER-
BICIDES, ON SUBMERGED AQUATIC PLANTS ...2.0137
FOREST AND FARM GAME HABITAT; FISH POND ...2.0143
EXPANDED AQUATIC PLANT CONTROL PROJECT ...2.0146
AQUATIC PLANT CONTROL EQUIPMENT FOR MECHANI-
CAL AND CHEMICAL DESTRUCTION ...2.0147
THE INFLUENCE OF HERBICIDES USED ON HORTICUL-
TURAL CROPS ON STREAM ECOLOGY ...2.0150
EVALUATION OF POND CONDITIONS FOLLOWING FER-
TILIZATION ...2.0153
CONTROL OF UNDESIRABLE AQUATIC VEGETATION IN
LAKE TANEYCOMO, MISSOURI ...2.0154
CONTROL OF CANADA THISTLE AND WATER WEEDS
...2.0158
STUDIES IN SOILS, CROPS, WATER MANAGEMENT AND
WEED CONTROL UNDER IRRIGATED CONDITIONS
...2.0159
2-107
465-868 O - 72 - 18
-------
Pesticides
SUBJECT INDEX
WATERLEVEL MANAGEMENT ON IMPOUNDMENTS OF
LOW QUALITY SOILS ...2.0163
FACTORS CONTROLLING THE GROWTH OF THE AQUATIC
WEED SALVINIA ...2.0166
WEED CONTROL IN IRRIGATED HORTICULTURAL CROPS
IN WASHINGTON ...2.0179
CHEMICAL CONTROL OF AQUATIC WEED NUISANCES
...2.0185
METHODS FOR CONTROLLING ALLIGATORWEED AND
OTHER WEEDS IN CANALS, WATERWAYS, AND AD-
JACENT WATERS IN THE SOUTHEASTERN U. S. ...2.0186
Acroleln
HERBICIDE RESIDUES IN IRRIGATION WATER AND IN
CROPS AND SOILS IRRIGATED WITH TREATED WATER
...1.0107
COOPERATIVE HERBICIDE MONITORING STUDY IN IRRIGA-
TION SYSTEMS ...1.0125
CONTROL OF WEEDS AND CERTAIN OTHER AQUATIC
PESTS IN THE PACIFIC SOUTHWEST ...2.0101
Alachlor
CONTROL OF WEEDS IN AGRONOMIC AND VEGETABLE
CROPS WITH HERBICIDES ...1.0025
COMPARATIVE EFFECTS OF WEED COMPETITION, HERBI-
CIDES AND OTHER WEED CONTROL PRACTICES ON
PLANT RESPONSE ...1.0145
Ametryn
PESTICIDE MOBILITY AND DEGRADATION IN SOIL-WATER
SYSTEMS ...1.0034
HERBICIDE EQUILIBRIA OF LATOSOLIC SOIL ...1.0035
EVALUATION OF HERBICIDES FOR CONTROL OF AQUATIC
WEEDS ...2.0116
THE PHYSIOLOGY AND CHEMICAL CONTROL OF AQUATIC
WEEDS IN THE SOUTHEAST ...2.0118
THE PHYSIOLOGY AND CHEMICAL CONTROL OF AQUATIC
WEEDS IN THE SOUTHEAST ...2.0129
Amiben
INTERACTION OF FERTILIZERS WITH PESTICIDES AS RE-
LATED TO WATER QUALITY IN SOILS ...1.0008
SOILS, PESTICIDES AND THE QUALITY OF WATER ...1.0061
Amino Triazole
INVESTIGATIONS OF RESIDUES IN WATER AND CROPS IR-
RIGATED WITH WATER CONTAINING HERBICIDES
...1.0015
BEHAVIOR OF PESTICIDES AND POLLUTANTS IN SOIL,
WATER, AND PLANTS ...1.0053
BEHAVIOR OF CHEMICALS INTRODUCED INTO THE
FOREST ENVIRONMENT AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE
ECOSYSTEM ...1.0083
FATE AND PERSISTENCE OF PESTICIDES AND PHYSIOLOGI-
CALLY ACTIVE DEGRADATION PRODUCTS ...1.0089
RESPONSE OF PLANT COMMUNITIES TO SUSTAINED USE
OF HERBICIDES ...2.0161
CONTROL OF WEEDS IN AQUATIC AND NONCROP AREAS
IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST ...2.0178
Amitrole T
CONTROL OF AQUATIC AND NONCROPLAND WEEDS IN
WYOMING, COLORADO, AND NEBRASKA ...2.0187
Atrazine
INACTIVATION AND LOSS OF PESTICIDES FROM SOIL
...1.0002
EFFICIENCY AND HAZARDS OF RESIDUAL HERBICIDES IN
SOILS UNDER IRRIGATION. ...1.0010
PESTICIDE MOBILITY AND DEGRADATION IN SOIL-WATER
SYSTEMS ...1.0034
HERBICIDE EQUILIBRIA OF LATOSOLIC SOIL ...1.0035
SOILS, PESTICIDES AND THE QUALITY OF WATER ...1.0061
PESTICIDAL RESIDUES OF AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS
...1.0063
PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF PERSISTENCE AND
MOVEMENT OF HERBICIDES IN SOIL ...1.0090
PRINCIPLES, FACILITIES AND SYSTEMS FOR GROUND
WATER RECHARGE-SOUTHERN PLAINS ...1.0094
FATE OF HERBICIDES IN PLANTS AND SOILS ...1.0095
MOVEMENT OF HERBICIDES IN SOIL, SURFACE WATER
AND UNDERGROUND WATER ...1.0099
CHEMICAL AND SEDIMENT MOVEMENT FROM AGRICUL-
TURAL LAND INTO LAKE ERIE ...1.0191
DEVELOPMENT OF TILLAGE-REPLACING HERBICIDE
SYSTEMS ...1.0196
Benefin
INACTIVATION AND LOSS OF PESTICIDES FROM SOIL
...1.0002
Bromacil
EFFICIENCY AND HAZARDS OF RESIDUAL HERBICIDES IN
SOILS UNDER IRRIGATION. ...1.0010
CONTROL OF AQUATIC AND NONCROPLAND WEEDS IN
WYOMING, COLORADO, AND NEBRASKA ...2.0187
CIPC
ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR PESTICIDES AND PESTICIDE
DEGRADATION PRODUCTS ...1.0088
ALTERING PERSISTENCE AND MOVEMENT OF HERBICIDES
IN SOIL, WATER, AND PLANTS ...1.0106
Copper Nitrate
CONTROL OF WEEDS AND CERTAIN OTHER AQUATIC
PESTS IN THE PACIFIC SOUTHWEST ...2.0101
Cotoran
INTERACTION OF FERTILIZERS WITH PESTICIDES AS RE-
LATED TO WATER QUALITY IN SOILS ...1.0008
INACTIVATION AND LOSS OF PESTICIDES FROM SOIL
...1.0009
BEHAVIOR OF SPECIFIC HERBICIDES IN PLANTS AND SOILS
...1.0081
BEHAVIOR OF SPECIFIC HERBICIDES IN PLANTS AND SOILS
...1.0091
CONTAMINATION OF SURFACE AND GROUND WATER
WITH INSECTICIDES AND HERBICIDES APPLIED TO CUL-
TIVATED CROPS ...1.0189
EFFECT OF HERBICIDES ON AN AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT
...1.0228
CP 53619
WEED CONTROL IN RICE PRODUCTION ...2.0097
USE OF CHEMICALS ON RICE ...2.0140
D B E E, -2,4-
EFFECT OF HERBICIDES ON AN AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT
...1.0228
EFFECT OF HERBICIDES ON AN AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT
...1.0319
CHEMICAL CONTROL OF WEEDS IN PONDS ...2.0093
PHYSIOLOGY, BIOCHEMISTRY AND CONTROL OF AQUATIC
WEEDS, CHEMISTRY OF HERBICIDES ...2.0105
0,2,4-
INVESTIGATIONS OF RESIDUES IN WATER AND CROPS IR-
RIGATED WITH WATER CONTAINING HERBICIDES
...1.0015
RESPROUTING OF CHAPARRAL ...1.0017
PESTICIDE MOBILITY AND DEGRADATION IN SOIL-WATER
SYSTEMS ...1.0023
FATE OF PESTICIDES ...1.0064
SOILS, PESTICIDES AND THE QUALITY OF WATER ...1.0065
MOVEMENT OF HERBICIDES OFF, INTO AND THROUGH
SOILS ...1.0071
FACTORS INFLUENCING INSECTICIDE RESIDUES IN FOOD,
FORAGE AND OIL CROPS, AND SOIL ...1.0077
BEHAVIOR OF CHEMICALS INTRODUCED INTO THE
FOREST ENVIRONMENT AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE
ECOSYSTEM ...1.0083
PESTICIDE MOBILITY AND DEGRADATION IN SOIL-WATER
SYSTEMS ...1.0084
PESTICIDE MOBILITY AND DEGRADATION IN SOIL-WATER
SYSTEMS ...1.0085
SOILS, PESTICIDES AND THE QUALITY OF WATER ...1.0105
HERBICIDE RESIDUES IN IRRIGATION WATER AND IN
CROPS AND SOILS IRRIGATED WITH TREATED WATER
...1.0107
COOPERATIVE HERBICIDE MONITORING STUDY IN IRRIGA-
TION SYSTEMS ...1.0125
2-108
-------
SUBJECT INDEX
Pesticides
COMPARATIVE EFFECTS OF WEED COMPETITION, HERBI-
CIDES AND OTHER WEED CONTROL PRACTICES ON
PLANT RESPONSE ...1.0145
PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN KANSAS STREAMS ...1.0150
TOXICITY OF POLLUTANTS TO STRIPED BASS ...1.0251
UPTAKE AND METABOLISM BY FISH OF 2,4-D DIMETHYL
AMINE SALT ...1.0293
EFFECT OF HERBICIDES ON AN AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT
...1.0319
AN EVALUATION OF WIDELY USED HERBICIDES ON
AQUATIC PLANTS, FISH AND FISH-FOOD ORGANISMS
...1.0343
PHYSIOLOGY, BIOCHEMISTRY AND CONTROL OF AQUATIC
WEEDS, CHEMISTRY OF HERBICIDES ...2.0105
CONTROL OF AQUATIC WEEDS ...2.0113
BASIC PHYSIOLOGY OF AQUATIC WEEDS IN THE
SOUTHEAST ...2.0115
THE PHYSIOLOGY AND CHEMICAL CONTROL OF AQUATIC
WEEDS IN THE SOUTHEAST ...2.0118
CONTROL OF EURASIAN MILFOIL ...2.0156
CONTROL OF WEEDS IN AQUATIC AND NONCROP AREAS
IN THE UPPER MISSOURI RIVER BASIN ...2.0160
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF AQUATIC WEEDS ...2.0162
CONTROL OF AQUATIC AND NONCROPLAND WEEDS IN
WYOMING, COLORADO, AND NEBRASKA ...2.0187
Data pan
INVESTIGATIONS OF RESIDUES IN WATER AND CROPS IR-
RIGATED WITH WATER CONTAINING HERBICIDES
...1.0015
FATE AND PERSISTENCE OF PESTICIDES AND PHYSIOLOGI-
CALLY ACTIVE DEGRADATION PRODUCTS ...1.0089
UPTAKE AND RELEASE OF DALAPON IN EARTHEN PONDS
...1.0114
CHEMICAL CONTROL OF DITCHBANK WEEDS IN PEAT AND
SANDY SOIL AREAS OF SOUTH FLORIDA ...2.0114
WEED CONTROL IN CITRICULTURE ...2.0123
RESPONSE OF PLANT COMMUNITIES TO SUSTAINED USE
OF HERBICIDES ...2.0161
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF AQUATIC WEEDS ...2.0162
CONTROL OF WEEDS IN AQUATIC AND NONCROP AREAS
IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST ...2.0178
CONTROL OF AQUATIC AND NONCROPLAND WEEDS IN
WYOMING, COLORADO, AND NEBRASKA ...2.0187
Dicunba
SOILS, PESTICIDES AND THE QUALITY OF WATER ...1.0061
MOVEMENT OF HERBICIDES OFF, INTO AND THROUGH
SOILS ...1.0071
COMPARATIVE EFFECTS OF WEED COMPETITION, HERBI-
CIDES AND OTHER WEED CONTROL PRACTICES ON
PLANT RESPONSE ...1.0145
CHEMICAL AND SEDIMENT MOVEMENT FROM AGRICUL-
TURAL LAND INTO LAKE ERIE ...1.0191
CONTROL OF WEEDS IN AQUATIC AND NONCROP AREAS
IN THE UPPER MISSOURI RIVER BASIN ...2.0160
RESPONSE OF PLANT COMMUNITIES TO SUSTAINED USE
OF HERBICIDES ...2.0161
Dichlobenil
INVESTIGATIONS OF RESIDUES IN WATER AND CROPS IR-
RIGATED WITH WATER CONTAINING HERBICIDES
...1.0015
EFFECT OF HERBICIDES ON AN AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT
...1.0228
EFFECT OF HERBICIDES ON AN AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT
...1.0319
PHYSIOLOGY, BIOCHEMISTRY AND CONTROL OF AQUATIC
WEEDS, CHEMISTRY OF HERBICIDES ...2.0105
CONTROL OF AQUATIC WEEDS ...2.0113
BASIC PHYSIOLOGY OF AQUATIC WEEDS IN THE
SOUTHEAST ...2.0115
WEED CONTROL IN CITRICULTURE ...2.0123
THE PHYSIOLOGY AND CHEMICAL CONTROL OF AQUATIC
WEEDS IN THE SOUTHEAST ...2.0129
INVESTIGATION OF AQUATIC WEED PROBLEMS AND
MEANS OF CONTROL, WITH EMPHASIS ON BRAZILIAN
WATERWEED ...2.016?
Diphenamid
FATE OF PESTICIDES ...1.0064
Diquat
INVESTIGATIONS OF RESIDUES IN WATER AND CROPS IR-
RIGATED WITH WATER CONTAINING HERBICIDES
...1.0015
INACTIVATION AND LOSS OF PESTICIDES FROM SOIL
...1.0076
EFFECT OF HERBICIDES ON AN AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT
...1.0228
TOXICITY OF POLLUTANTS TO STRIPED BASS ...1.0251
EFFECT OF HERBICIDES ON AN AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT
...1.0319
FATE OF AQUATIC HERBICIDES IN THE AQUATIC EN-
VIRONMENT ...1.0329
AN EVALUATION OF WIDELY USED HERBICIDES ON
AQUATIC PLANTS, FISH AND FISH-FOOD ORGANISMS
...1.0343
CHEMICAL CONTROL OF WEEDS IN PONDS ...2.0093
CONTROL OF WEEDS AND CERTAIN OTHER AQUATIC
PESTS IN THE PACIFIC SOUTHWEST ...2.0101
PHYSIOLOGY, BIOCHEMISTRY AND CONTROL OF AQUATIC
WEEDS, CHEMISTRY OF HERBICIDES ...2.0105
BASIC PHYSIOLOGY OF AQUATIC WEEDS IN THE
SOUTHEAST ...2.0115
EVALUATION OF HERBICIDES FOR CONTROL OF AQUATIC
WEEDS ...2.0116
ECOLOGY AND BIOCONTROL OF AQUATIC WEEDS IN THE
SOUTHEAST ...2.0117
THE PHYSIOLOGY AND CHEMICAL CONTROL OF AQUATIC
WEEDS IN THE SOUTHEAST ...2.0118
THE PHYSIOLOGY AND CHEMICAL CONTROL OF AQUATIC
WEEDS IN THE SOUTHEAST ...2.0129
INVESTIGATION OF AQUATIC WEED PROBLEMS AND
MEANS OF CONTROL, WITH EMPHASIS ON BRAZILIAN
WATERWEED ...2.0167
Diliron
EFFICIENCY AND HAZARDS OF RESIDUAL HERBICIDES IN
SOILS UNDER IRRIGATION. ...1.0010
INVESTIGATIONS OF RESIDUES IN WATER AND CROPS IR-
RIGATED WITH WATER CONTAINING HERBICIDES
...1.0015
PESTICIDE MOBILITY AND DEGRADATION IN SOIL-WATER
SYSTEMS ...1.0023
PESTICIDE MOBILITY AND DEGRADATION IN SOIL-WATER
SYSTEMS ...1.0034
FATE AND PERSISTENCE OF PESTICIDES AND PHYSIOLOGI-
CALLY ACTIVE DEGRADATION PRODUCTS ...1.0089
CONTROL OF WEEDS AND CERTAIN OTHER AQUATIC
PESTS IN THE PACIFIC SOUTHWEST ...2.0101
WEED CONTROL IN CITRICULTURE ...2.0123
CONTROL OF UNDESIRABLE AQUATIC VEGETATION
...2.0155
EndothaU
INVESTIGATIONS OF RESIDUES IN WATER AND CROPS IR-
RIGATED WITH WATER CONTAINING HERBICIDES
...1.0015
TOXICITY OF POLLUTANTS TO STRIPED BASS ...1.0251
FATE OF AQUATIC HERBICIDES IN THE AQUATIC EN-
VIRONMENT ...1.0329
AN EVALUATION OF WIDELY USED HERBICIDES ON
AQUATIC PLANTS, FISH AND FISH-FOOD ORGANISMS
...1.0343
BASIC PHYSIOLOGY OF AQUATIC WEEDS IN THE
SOUTHEAST ...2.0115
EVALUATION OF HERBICIDES FOR CONTROL OF AQUATIC
WEEDS ...2.0116
THE PHYSIOLOGY AND CHEMICAL CONTROL OF AQUATIC
WEEDS IN THE SOUTHEAST ...2.0118
THE PHYSIOLOGY AND CHEMICAL CONTROL OF AQUATIC
WEEDS IN THE SOUTHEAST ...2.0129
Eptam
CONTROL OF WEEDS IN AGRONOMIC AND VEGETABLE
CROPS WITH HERBICIDES ...1.0025
2-109
-------
Pesticides
SUBJECT INDEX
ALTERING PERSISTENCE AND MOVEMENT OF HERBICIDES
IN SOIL, WATER, AND PLANTS ...1.0106
WEED CONTROL IN CITRICULTURE . .2.0123
Fenac
BASIC PHYSIOLOGY OF AQUATIC WEEDS IN THE
SOUTHEAST ...2.0115
CONTROL OF WEEDS IN AQUATIC AND NONCROP AREAS
IN THE UPPER MISSOURI RIVER BASIN ...2.0160
CONTROL OF WEEDS IN AQUATIC AND NONCROP AREAS
IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST ...2.0178
CONTROL OF AQUATIC AND NONCROPLAND WEEDS IN
WYOMING, COLORADO, AND NEBRASKA ...2.0187
Fenuron
WATER YIELD IN THE CHAPARRAL AND WOODLAND
ZONE OF THE SOUTHWEST ...1.0005
INACTIVATION AND LOSS OF PESTICIDES FROM SOIL
...1.0076
CONTROL OF AQUATIC AND NONCROPLAND WEEDS IN
WYOMING, COLORADO, AND NEBRASKA ...2.0187
Herban
INACTIVATION AND LOSS OF PESTICIDES FROM SOIL
...1.0076
Igran
CONTROL OF WEEDS AND CERTAIN OTHER AQUATIC
PESTS IN THE PACIFIC SOUTHWEST ...2.0101
Isocil
CONTROL OF AQUATIC AND NONCROPLAND WEEDS IN
WYOMING, COLORADO, AND NEBRASKA ...2.0187
Linuron
FATE OF PESTICIDES ...1.0064
M S M A
LEACHING OF SELECTED HERBICIDES IN ALABAMA SOILS
...1.0001
Maloran
PESTICIDE DETOXICATION MECHANISMS OF MICROOR-
GANISMS IN SOIL AND WATER ...1.0087
Molinate
WEED CONTROL IN RICE PRODUCTION ...2.0097
WEED CONTROL IN RICE PRODUCTION ...2.0098
Monuron
FATE OF PESTICIDES ...1.0064
INACTIVATION AND LOSS OF PESTICIDES FROM SOIL
...1.0076
Paraquat
ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR PESTICIDES IN SOIL AND
WATER ...1.0018
FATE AND PERSISTENCE OF PESTICIDES AND PHYSIOLOGI-
CALLY ACTIVE DEGRADATION PRODUCTS ...1.0089
COMPARATIVE EFFECTS OF WEED COMPETITION, HERBI-
CIDES AND OTHER WEED CONTROL PRACTICES ON
PLANT RESPONSE ...1.0145
EFFECT OF HERBICIDES ON AN AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT
1.0228
EFFECT OF HERBICIDES ON AN AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT
...1.0319
CHEMICAL CONTROL OF WEEDS IN PONDS ...2.0093
ECOLOGY AND BIOCONTROL OF AQUATIC WEEDS IN THE
SOUTHEAST ...2.0117
WEED CONTROL IN CITRICULTURE ...2.0123
THE PHYSIOLOGY AND CHEMICAL CONTROL OF AQUATIC
WEEDS IN THE SOUTHEAST ...2.0129
CONTROL OF WEEDS IN AQUATIC AND NONCROP AREAS
IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST ...2.0178
Patoran
FATE OF PESTICIDES ...1.0064
PESTICIDE DETOXICATION MECHANISMS OF MICROOR-
GANISMS IN SOIL AND WATER ...1.0087
Phenoxy Herbicide -nonspecific
RESPROUTING OF CHAPARRAL ...1.0017
BEHAVIOR OF CHEMICALS INTRODUCED INTO THE
FOREST ENVIRONMENT AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE
ECOSYSTEM ...1.0083
ORGANIC SUBSTANCES IN WATER ...1.0119
WEED CONTROL IN RICE FIELDS AND PASTURE LANDS IN
THE GULF COAST AREA ...2.0176
Picloram
LEACHING OF SELECTED HERBICIDES IN ALABAMA SOILS
...1.0001
CONTROL METHODS FOR JUNIPERS, SHRUB LIVE OAK,
AND ASSOCIATED WEEDS ...1.0004
PESTICIDE MOBILITY AND DEGRADATION IN SOIL-WATER
SYSTEMS ...1.0006
RESPROUTING OF CHAPARRAL ...1.0017
PESTICIDE MOBILITY AND DEGRADATION IN SOIL-WATER
SYSTEMS ...1.0023
PESTICIDE MOBILITY AND DEGRADATION IN SOIL-WATER
SYSTEMS ...1.0034
SOILS, PESTICIDES AND THE QUALITY OF WATER ...1.0061
SOILS, PESTICIDES AND THE QUALITY OF WATER ...1.0065
MOVEMENT OF HERBICIDES OFF, INTO AND THROUGH
SOILS ...1.0071
BEHAVIOR OF CHEMICALS INTRODUCED INTO THE
FOREST ENVIRONMENT AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE
ECOSYSTEM ...1.0083
PESTICIDE MOBILITY AND DEGRADATION IN SOIL-WATER
SYSTEMS ...1.0084
PESTICIDE MOBILITY AND DEGRADATION IN SOIL-WATER
SYSTEMS ...1.0085
PRINCIPLES, FACILITIES AND SYSTEMS FOR GROUND
WATER RECHARGE-SOUTHERN PLAINS ...1.0094
MOVEMENT OF HERBICIDES IN SOIL, SURFACE WATER
AND UNDERGROUND WATER ...1.0099
SOILS, PESTICIDES, AND THE QUALITY OF WATER ...1.0103
SOILS, PESTICIDES AND THE QUALITY OF WATER ...1.0105
ALTERING PERSISTENCE AND MOVEMENT OF HERBICIDES
IN SOIL, WATER, AND PLANTS ...1.0106
CONTROL OF WEEDS IN AQUATIC AND NONCROP AREAS
IN THE UPPER MISSOURI RIVER BASIN ...2.0160
CONTROL OF AQUATIC AND NONCROPLAND WEEDS IN
WYOMING, COLORADO, AND NEBRASKA ...2.0187
Planavin
INACTIVATION AND LOSS OF PESTICIDES FROM SOIL
...1.0002
INACTIVATION AND LOSS OF PESTICIDES FROM SOIL
...1.0009
ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR PESTICIDES IN SOIL AND
WATER ...1.0018
RESIDUES OF SELECTED PESTICIDES IN PLANTS, ANIMALS,
AND THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT ...1.0019
Preforan
FATE OF HERBICIDES IN PLANTS AND SOILS ...1.0095
Prometone
BEHAVIOR OF PESTICIDES AND POLLUTANTS IN SOIL,
WATER, AND PLANTS ...1.0053
Prometryne
INTERACTION OF FERTILIZERS WITH PESTICIDES AS RE-
LATED TO WATER QUALITY IN SOILS ...1.0008
BEHAVIOR OF SPECIFIC HERBICIDES IN PLANTS AND SOILS
...1.0081
BEHAVIOR OF SPECIFIC HERBICIDES IN PLANTS AND SOILS
...1.0091
Propachlor
COMPARATIVE EFFECTS OF WEED COMPETITION, HERBI-
CIDES AND OTHER WEED CONTROL PRACTICES ON
PLANT RESPONSE ...1.0145
Propanil
WEED CONTROL IN RICE PRODUCTION ...2.0097
WEED CONTROL IN RICE PRODUCTION ...2.0098
USE OF CHEMICALS ON RICE ...2.0140
Propazine
MOVEMENT OF HERBICIDES IN SOIL SURFACE WATER
AND UNDERGROUND WATER 1.0099
2-110
-------
SUBJECT INDEX
Pesticides
Pyruon
PESTICIDE MOBILITY AND DEGRADATION IN SOIL-WATER
SYSTEMS ...1.0023
Pyriclor
PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN PLANTS, ANIMALS. SOILS, AND
WATER ...1.0075
RP 17623
WEED CONTROL IN RICE PRODUCTION ...2.0097
USE OF CHEMICALS ON RICE ...2.0140
SUvex
INVESTIGATIONS OF RESIDUES IN WATER AND CROPS IR-
RIGATED WITH WATER CONTAINING HERBICIDES
...1.0015
HERBICIDE RESIDUES IN IRRIGATION WATER AND IN
CROPS AND SOILS IRRIGATED WITH TREATED WATER
...1.0107
PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN KANSAS STREAMS ...1.0150
TOXICITY OF POLLUTANTS TO STRIPED BASS ...1.0251
AN EVALUATION OF WIDELY USED HERBICIDES ON
AQUATIC PLANTS, FISH AND FISH-FOOD ORGANISMS
...1.0343
PHYSIOLOGY, BIOCHEMISTRY AND CONTROL OF AQUATIC
WEEDS, CHEMISTRY OF HERBICIDES ...2.0105
BASIC PHYSIOLOGY OF AQUATIC WEEDS IN THE
SOUTHEAST ...2.0115
WEED CONTROL IN CITRICULTURE ...2.0123
THE PHYSIOLOGY AND CHEMICAL CONTROL OF AQUATIC
WEEDS IN THE SOUTHEAST ...2.0129
Simazinr
INVESTIGATIONS OF RESIDUES IN WATER AND CROPS IR-
RIGATED WITH WATER CONTAINING HERBICIDES
...1.001S
PESTICIDE MOBILITY AND DEGRADATION IN SOIL-WATER
SYSTEMS ...1.0034
HERBICIDE EQUILIBRIA OF LATOSOLIC SOIL ...1.0035
PEST1CIDAL RESIDUES OF AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS
...1.0Cj3
FATE AND PERSISTENCE OF PESTICIDES AND PHYSIOLOGI-
CALLY ACTIVE DEGRADATION PRODUCTS ...1.0089
EFFECT OF HERBICIDES ON AN AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT
...1.0319
POND ECOLOGY AND PRODUCTION AS AFFECTED BY
SIMAZINE ...1.0353
CONTROL OF WEEDS AND CERTAIN OTHER AQUATIC
PESTS IN THE PACIFIC SOUTHWEST ...2.0101
WEED CONTROL IN CITRICULTURE ...2.0123
Sutan
CONTROL OF WEEDS IN AGRONOMIC AND VEGETABLE
CROPS WITH HERBICIDES ...1.0025
T, 2,4,5-
LEACHING OF SELECTED HERBICIDES IN ALABAMA SOILS
...1.0001
RESPROUTING OF CHAPARRAL ...1.0017
PESTICIDE MOBILITY AND DEGRADATION IN SOIL-WATER
SYSTEMS ...1.0023
SOILS, PESTICIDES AND THE QUALITY OF WATER ...1.0065
MOVEMENT OF HERBICIDES OFF, INTO AND THROUGH
SOILS ...1.0071
BEHAVIOR OF CHEMICALS INTRODUCED INTO THE
FOREST ENVIRONMENT AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE
ECOSYSTEM ...1.0083
PESTICIDE MOBILITY AND DEGRADATION IN SOIL-WATER
SYSTEMS ...1.0084
PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN KANSAS STREAMS ...1.0150
LIVESTOCK DETOXICATING MECHANISMS OF PESTICIDES
...1.0212
TOXICITY OF POLLUTANTS TO STRIPED BASS ...1.0251
WEED CONTROL IN RICE PRODUCTION ...2.0097
WEED CONTROL IN RICE PRODUCTION ...2.0098
Tandex
WATER YIELD IN THE CHAPARRAL AND WOODLAND
ZONE OF THE SOUTHWEST ...1.0005
RESPROUTING OF CHAPARRAL ...1.0017
TCA
ALTERING PERSISTENCE AND MOVEMENT OF HERBICIDES
IN SOIL, WATER, AND PLANTS ...1.0106
PHYSIOLOGY, BIOCHEMISTRY AND CONTROL OF AQUATIC
WEEDS, CHEMISTRY OF HERBICIDES ...2.0105
RESPONSE OF PLANT COMMUNITIES TO SUSTAINED USE
OF HERBICIDES ...2.0161
Tenoran
CONTROL OF WEEDS AND CERTAIN OTHER AQUATIC
PESTS IN THE PACIFIC SOUTHWEST ...2.0101
Terbacil
CONTROL OF WEEDS IN AGRONOMIC AND VEGETABLE
CROPS WITH HERBICIDES ...1.0025
WEED CONTROL IN CITRICULTURE ...2.0123
CONTROL OF AQUATIC AND NONCROPLAND WEEDS IN
WYOMING, COLORADO, AND NEBRASKA ...2.0187
TOK
WEED CONTROL IN RICE PRODUCTION ...2.0097
Trifluralin
INACTIVATION AND LOSS OF PESTICIDES FROM SOIL
...1.0002
INTERACTION OF FERTILIZERS WITH PESTICIDES AS RE-
LATED TO WATER QUALITY IN SOILS ...1.0008
EFFICIENCY AND HAZARDS OF RESIDUAL HERBICIDES IN
SOILS UNDER IRRIGATION. ...1.0010
THE DISPOSITION OF PESTICIDES IN THE SOIL ...1.0030
DISPOSITION OF PESTICIDES IN THE SOIL ...1.0031
PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN PLANTS, ANIMALS, SOILS, AND
WATER ...1.0075
BEHAVIOR OF SPECIFIC HERBICIDES IN PLANTS AND SOILS
...1.0091
PRINCIPLES, FACILITIES AND SYSTEMS FOR GROUND
WATER RECHARGE-SOUTHERN PLAINS ...1.0094
MOVEMENT OF HERBICIDES IN SOIL, SURFACE WATER
AND UNDERGROUND WATER ...1.0099
ALTERING PERSISTENCE AND MOVEMENT OF HERBICIDES
IN SOIL, WATER, AND PLANTS ...1.0106
CONTAMINATION OF SURFACE AND GROUND WATER
WITH INSECTICIDES AND HERBICIDES APPLIED TO CUL-
TIVATED CROPS ...1.0189
WEED CONTROL IN CITRICULTURE ...2.0123
ENTOMOLOGICAL PESTS OF VEGETABLE CROPS ...2.0288
Vcs438
WEED CONTROL IN CITRICULTURE ...2.0123
Xylene
PHYSIOLOGY, BIOCHEMISTRY AND CONTROL OF AQUATIC
WEEDS, CHEMISTRY OF HERBICIDES ...2.0105
CONTROL OF WEEDS IN AQUATIC AND NONCROP AREAS
IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST ...2.0178
Insect Chemosterilants
CONTROL OF COMMON HOUSEFLY ...2.0005
INVESTIGATIONS OF PHEROMONES AS CHEMOSTERILANTS
FOR INSECTS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO SYNTHETIC
QUEN SUBSTANCE AND ITS ANALOGUES ...2.0021
TESTING ADULT ATTRACTION DEVICES AND
CHEMOSTERILANTS FOR TABANID FLY CONTROL
...2.0024
CONTROL OF CULEX NIGRIPALPUS BY STERILITY
METHODS ...2.0032
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF MOSQUITOES, SAND FLIES,
AND GNATS FOR PUBLIC AND MILITARY PROGRAMS
...2.0033
RADIATION CYTOGENETICS OF THE YELLOW-FEVER
MOSQUITO, AEDES AEGYPTI ...2.0036
BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF INSECT CONTROL AGENTS
...2.0050
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF ARTHROPOD PESTS OF
LIVESTOCK ...2.0057
Aziridines, Phosphorous Based
BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF INSECT CONTROL AGENTS
..2.0050
2-111
-------
Pesticides
SUBJECT INDEX
Hempa
INSECT CHEMOSTERILANTS ...2.0049
MOSQUITO AND HOUSEFLY CONTROL WITH CHEMOSTERI-
LANTS IN EGYPT ...1.0085
Metepa
TESTING ADULT ATTRACTION DEVICES AND
CHEMOSTERILANTS FOR TABANID FLY CONTROL
...2.00Z4
Tep.
INSECT CHEMOSTERILANTS ...2.0049
MOSQUITO AND HOUSEFLY CONTROL WITH CHEMOSTERI-
LANTS IN EGYPT ...2.0085
Thiotepa
INVESTIGATIONS OF THE ACTION OF CHEMOSTERILANTS
ON HOUSEFLIES AND OTHER MEDICALLY IMPORTANT
ARTHROPODS ...2.0026
INSECT CHEMOSTERILANTS ...2.0049
Insecticide - Acaricide
Aliphatic Carbamates
FACTORS INFLUENCING INSECTICIDE RESIDUES IN FOOD,
FORAGE AND OIL CROPS, AND SOIL ...1.0077
Bayer 37344
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF SNAILS ...2.0268
ENTOMOLOGICAL PESTS OF VEGETABLE CROPS ...2.0288
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF TERRESTIAL MOLLUSKS
...2.0289
THE CONTROL OF SLUGS ...2.0294
Baytex
ECOLOGY AND CONTROL OF CERTAIN PARASITIC DIP-
TERA ...2.0001
EFFECT OF MOSQUITO CONTROL CHEMICALS ON
AQUATIC FAUNA ...2.0003
AERIAL DISPERSAL METHODS FOR CONCENTRATED IN-
SECTICIDES ...2.0009
NEW INSECTICIDES & TECHNIQUES FOR PEST CONTROL
..2.0016
RELATION OF APPLICATION METHODS, CONCENTRATION,
AND VOLUME OF INSECTICIDE TO CATTLE INSECT CON-
TROL ...2.0039
MOSQUITO INVESTIGATIONS - RESEARCH AND DEVELOP-
MENT ...2.0060
THE BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF ARTHROPODS AFFECT-
ING MAN AND ANIMALS ...2.0078
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF MOSQUITOES, SAND FLIES,
AND GNATS OF WESTERN U.S. ...2.0079
PARASITES OF WARMWATER FISHES AND THEIR CONTROL
...3.0108
Chlorphenamidine
FATE AND PERSISTENCE OF PESTICIDES AND PHYSIOLOGI-
CALLY ACTIVE DEGRADATION PRODUCTS ...1.0089
Cythioate
THE BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF ARTHROPODS AFFECT-
ING MAN AND ANIMALS ...2.0078
Demeton
PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN ENVIRONMENT AND EFFECTS ON
MARKETING AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES ...1.0062
SOILS, PESTICIDES AND THE QUALITY OF WATER ...1.0141
Dimetboate
DISTRIBUTION OF ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDE
RESIDUES IN NATURAL WATERS AND SEDIMENTS
. .1.0215
ENTOMOLOGICAL PESTS OF VEGETABLE CROPS ...2.0288
Dioxathion
DISTRIBUTION OF ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDE
RESIDUES IN NATURAL WATERS AND SEDIMENTS
...1.0215
Disutfoton
SOILS, PESTICIDES AND THE QUALITY OF WATER ...1.0141
Ethion
DISTRIBUTION OF ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDE
RESIDUES IN NATURAL WATERS AND SEDIMENTS
...1.0215
Fenazaflor
FATE AND PERSISTENCE OF PESTICIDES AND PHYSIOLOGI-
CALLY ACTIVE DEGRADATION PRODUCTS ...1.0089
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF SNAILS ...2.0268
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF TERRESTIAL MOLLUSKS
...2.0289
Paraoxon
INSECTICIDAL CHEMICALS IN THE ENVIRONMENT ...1.0043
FATE OF PESTICIDES ...1.0064
Parathion
INSECTICIDAL CHEMICALS IN THE ENVIRONMENT ...1.0043
REDUCTION OF RESIDUES OF INSECTICIDAL CHEMICALS
IN THE ENVIRONMENT ...1.0046
PERSISTENCE, ACCUMULATION AND FATE OF PESTICIDES
IN CRANBERRY SOILS AND RESERVOIRS ...1.0055
FATE OF PESTICIDES ...1.0064
STUDY OF ELECTROHYDRAULIC WATER TREATMENT
. .1.0121
DISTRIBUTION OF ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDE
RESIDUES IN NATURAL WATERS AND SEDIMENTS
...1.0215
EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE IN
THE MOSQUITOFISH, GAMBUSIA AFFINIS ...1.0249
THE EFFECTS OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES ON LARVAL AND
JUVENILE WINTER FLOUNDER IN THE WEWEANTIC
RIVER ESTUARY, MASSACHUSETTS ...1.0253
LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON AQUATIC INVER-
TEBRATES ...1.0258
EFFECTS OF PARATHION AND MALATHION ON WARM-
WATER FISH PONDS ...1.0283
STUDY OF CHRONIC TOXICITY OF LINDANE TO SELECTED
FRESHWATER FISHES AND FOOD CHAIN ORGANISMS
...1.0337
STUDY OF CHRONIC TOXICITY OF PARATHION TO
SELECTED FRESHWATER FISHES AND FOOD CHAIN OR-
GANISMS ...1.0357
CONTROL OF COMMON HOUSEFLY ...2.0005
NEW INSECTICIDES & TECHNIQUES FOR PEST CONTROL
...2.0016
Phoxim
EVALUATION OF NEW INSECTICIDES ...2.0015
SUPPRESSION AND ECOLOGY OF MOSQUITOES ...2.0018
INSECTICIDE AND NON-CHEMICAL CONTROL OF
MOSQUITOES ...2.0025
ENTOMOLOGICAL PESTS OF VEGETABLE CROPS ...2.0288
Supracide
PESTICIDAL RESIDUES OF AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS
...1.0063
SUPPRESSION AND ECOLOGY OF MOSQUITOES ...2.0018
Tetradilon
DISTRIBUTION OF ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDE
RESIDUES IN NATURAL WATERS AND SEDIMENTS
...1.0215
Trithion
DISTRIBUTION OF ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDE
RESIDUES IN NATURAL WATERS AND SEDIMENTS
...1.0215
Insecticide - Fungicide
Furadan
REDUCTION OF HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH RESIDUES OF
CHEMICALS IN THE ENVIRONMENT
INSECTICIDAL
...1.0037
THE FATE OF SELECT PESTICIDES IN THE AQUATIC EN-
VIRONMENT ...1.0144
THE FATE OF SELECT PESTICIDES IN THE AQUATIC EN-
VIRONMENT ...1.0330
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF SNAILS ...2.0268
2-112
-------
SUBJECT INDEX
Pesticides
Vortex
MODE OF ACTION, TOX1CITY, AND FACTORS INFLUENC-
ING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF FUNGICIDES ...1.0082
Insecticide - Piscicide
Thwlte
RESIDUES OF THANITE IN FISH MUSCLE ...1.0314
THE EFFICACY OF THANITE (ISOBORNYL THIO-
CYANOACETATE) AS A FISH COLLECTION AID ...2.0242
THE EFFECTS OF THANITE ON THE INORGANIC BLOOD
CHEMISTRIES OF FISHES ...2.0253
THE EFFECTS OF THANITE ON THE ACID-BASE BALANCE
IN THE BLOOD OF FISHES ...2.0254
Insecticide-antihelminth
Coumapbos
EFFECT OF BITING FLIES ON WEIGHT GAINS IN CATTLE
...2.0090
PARASITES OF WARMWATER FISHES AND THEIR CONTROL
...3.0108
Zinophos
ENTOMOLOGICAL PESTS OF VEGETABLE CROPS ...2.0288
Insecticide-fumigant
Chloroform
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF MOSQUITOES, SAND FLIES,
AND GNATS OF WESTERN U.S. ...2.0079
Heumethyiditin
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF TERRESTIAL MOLLUSKS
...2.0289
Insecticides
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS OF PESTICIDE USAGE
...1.0038
EFFECTS OF INSECTICIDES ON ACTIVITY OF SOIL INHABIT-
ING INSECTS ...1.0059
MULTI-DISCIPLINARY RESEARCH IN POLLUTION ...1.0070
EFFECT OF USING RUNOFF WATER IN RECHARGE WELLS-
HIGH PLAINS AREA ...1.0100
SOILS, PESTICIDES AND THE QUALITY OF WATER ...1.0105
FATE OF INSECTICIDES IN SOIL AND THEIR MOVEMENT IN
WATER AND CROPS ...1.0111
PESTICIDE MONITORING PROGRAM LAKE MICHIGAN
...1.0143
MONITORING OF PESTICIDE LEVELS IN THE GREAT LAKES
...1.0160
PESTICIDE MONITORING OF AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT,
MICHIGAN PORTION OF THE GREAT LAKES BASIN
...1.0163
PRESTICIDE INPUTS AND LEVELS IN MINNESOTA WATERS
OF THE LAKE SUPERIOR BASIN ...1.0167
A TISSUE ENZYME ASSAY FOR CHLORINATED HYDROCAR-
BON INSECTICIDES ...1.0168
PESTICIDE LEVELS IN WATER AND WILDLIFE OF REEL-
FOOT LAKE, TENNESSEE ...1.0208
INSECTICIDE ADSORPTION BY LAKE SEDIMENTS AS A FAC-
TOR CONTROLLING INSECTICIDE ACCUMULATION IN
LAKES ...1.0223
INSECTICIDE ADSORPTION BY LAKE SEDIMENTS AS A FAC-
TOR CONTROLLING INSECTICIDE ACCUMULATION IN
LAKES ...1.0224
FACTORS AFFECTING PESTICIDE TOXICITY ...1.0255
RATES OF PESTICIDE BUILDUP IN SALMONIDS RECENTLY
INTRODUCED IN THE GREAT LAKES ...1.0256
A TISSUE ENZYME ASSAY FOR CHLORINATED HYDROCAR-
BON INSECTICIDES ...1.0265
THYROIDAL 1125 UPTAKE IN IMMATURE CHANNEL CAT-
FISH FOLLOWING EXPOSURE TO SELECTED TOXICANTS
...1.0272
DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNIQUES FOR IDENTIFICATION OF
PESTICIDES AND THEIR METABOLITES BY MASS SPEC-
TROMETRY ...1.0295
ACCUMULATION OF PESTICIDES IN MENHADEN ...1.0299
PESTICIDE MONITORING PROGRAM LAKE MICHIGAN AND
TRIBUTARIES IN ILLINOIS ...1.0328
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS OF PESTICIDE USAGE
MECHANISMS OF PESTICIDE ACCUMULATION IN AQUATIC
ORGANISMS ...1.0338
INFLUENCE OF PROTOZOAN ACTIVITY ON HALOGENATED
HYDROCARBON RESIDUES - INTERACTION BETWEEN
MICROORGANISMS AND PESTICIDES ...1.0349
THE EFFECT OF PESTICIDES ON PRIMARY PRODUCERS IN
A FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEM ...1.0350
PREVENTION OF PESTICIDE POLLUTION FROM COASTAL
INSECT CONTROL PROGRAMS ...1.0358
CHEMICAL BIOCIDES IN LAKES ...1.0364
INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS: DISEASES TO
MAN OR ANIMALS ...2.0010
STUDIES ON INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE IN MOSQUITOES
...2.0017
SYNTHETIC INSECT CONTROL AGENTS, GAINESVILLE
...2.0028
CONTROL OF BLACK FLIES AND MOSQUITOES IN MAINE
...2.0046
ABUNDANCE, DISTRIBUTION AND CONTROL OF MISCEL-
LANEOUS INSECTS, AFFECTING LIVESTOCK ...2.0056
SURVEY OF INSECT PROBLEMS IN MONTANA ...2.0059
MOSQUITO CONTROL - TIDAL MARSHES ...2.0063
MOSQUITO CONTROL IN UPLAND SWAMPS ...2.0065
CONTROLLING MOSQUfTOES ON HAYING MEADOWS
...2.0066
STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIPS AND MODE OF AC-
TION OF INSECTICIDE SYNERGISTS ...2.0067
INSECTS AFFECTING MAN ...2.0068
SUSCEPTIBILITY OR RESISTANCE OF MEDICALLY IMPOR-
TANT INSECTS TO INSECTICIDES ON SELECTED AIR
FORCE BASES ..2.0084
ROTENOIDS FROM TEPHROSIA VOGELII ...2.0198
BIONOMICS AND CONTROL OF ASIAN MOSQUITOES
...4.0058
LABORATORY ANALYSIS OF INSECTICIDE EFFECTIVENESS
AGAINST MEDICALLY IMPORTANT INSECTS ...4.0068
RESEARCH ON ARTHROPOD-BORNE DISEASES -1 ...4.0070
Abate
THE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF VARIOUS LIFE STAGES OF FRESH-
WATER FISHES TO THREE TOXICANTS ...1.0279
EFFECT OF MOSQUITO CONTROL CHEMICALS ON
AQUATIC FAUNA ...2.0003
INSECTICIDE AND NON-CHEMICAL CONTROL OF
MOSQUITOES ...2.0025
MOSQUITO INVESTIGATIONS RESEARCH AND DEVELOP-
MENT ...2.0060
MOSQUITOES IN RELATION TO AGRICULTURAL PRODUC-
TION AND VETERINARY SCIENCE ...2.0062
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF MOSQUITOES, SAND FLIES,
AND GNATS OF WESTERN U.S. ...2.0079
Agritox
ENTOMOLOGICAL PESTS OF VEGETABLE CROPS ...2.0288
Akton
SUPPRESSION AND ECOLOGY OF MOSQUITOES ...2.0018
Aldrin
INTERACTION OF FERTILIZERS WITH PESTICIDES AS RE-
LATED TO WATER QUALITY IN SOILS ...1.0008
MOVEMENT OF CHLORINATED HYDROCARBON INSECTI-
CIDES IN SOILS ...1.0011
DISPOSITION OF PESTICIDES IN THE SOIL . .1.0031
REDUCTION OF RESIDUES OF INSECTICIDAL CHEMICALS
IN THE ENVIRONMENT ...1.0046
REMOVAL OF CONTAMINANTS FROM RURAL WATER SUP-
PLIES ...1.0047
PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN KANSAS STREAMS ...1.0150
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SEDIMENTS
...1.0170
CHEMICAL AND SEDIMENT MOVEMENT FROM AGRICUL-
TURAL LAND INTO LAKE ERIE ...1.0191
CHEMICAL, PHYSICAL, AND BIOLOGICAL DYNAMICS OF
NORTHERN PRAIRIE LAKES ...1.0205
PESTICIDE MONITORING PROGRAM ...1.0238
2-113
-------
Pesticides
SUBJECT INDEX
THE EFFECT OF D1ELDRIN ON SURVIVAL AND DEVELOP-
MENT OF FISH EGGS . .1.0300
STUDIES ON THE UPTAKE AND TRANSLOCATION OF CM-
LABELED DDT AND ALDRIN IN INVERTEBRATE POPULA-
TIONS, FY 1970 ...1.0354
ACTION MECHANISMS OF INSECTICIDAL DERIVATIVES
. .2.0089
Azodrin
REDUCTION OF PESTICIDE RESIDUE HAZARDS ...1.0040
Baygon
INSECTICIDE AND NON-CHEMICAL CONTROL OF
MOSQUITOES ...2.0025
RELATION OF APPLICATION METHODS, CONCENTRATION,
AND VOLUME OF INSECTICIDE TO CATTLE INSECT CON-
TROL ...2.0039
EMERGENCY INSECT CONTROL ...2.0076
NEW OR IMPROVED TECHNIQUES FOR SAFE CHEMICAL
CONTROL OF ECTOPARASITES OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS
...2.0077
PARASITES OF WARMWATER FISHES AND THEIR CONTROL
...3.0108
BHC
PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN KANSAS STREAMS ...1.0150
PESTICIDE MONITORING PROGRAM ...1.0238
PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN OR ON RAW AGRICULTURAL COM-
MODITIES ...1.0306
Chlordan
PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN KANSAS STREAMS ...1.0150
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SEDIMENTS
...1.0170
MODE OF ACTION OF INSECTICIDES AS RELATED TO IN-
SECT METABOLISM AND BEHAVIOR ...1.0266
THE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF VARIOUS LIFE STAGES OF FRESH-
WATER FISHES TO THREE TOXICANTS ...1.0279
EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION ON FISH DIS-
EASES ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES AND DISEASE
RESISTANCE MECHANISMS OF RAINBOW TROUT ...1.0312
INTERACTION BETWEEN MICROORGANISMS AND PESTI-
CIDES ...1.0351
BIODEGRADATION OF PESTICIDES IN A FRESHWATER
ECOSYSTEM INTERACTION BETWEEN MICROORGAN-
ISMS AND PESTICIDES ...1.0352
EMERGENCY INSECT CONTROL ...2.0076
Chlorphoxoxim
SUPPRESSION AND ECOLOGY OF MOSQUITOES ...2.0018
Ciodrin
LIVESTOCK DETOXICAT1NG MECHANISMS OF PESTICIDES
...1.0212
DD VP
NEW OR IMPROVED TECHNIQUES FOR SAFE CHEMICAL
CONTROL OF ECTOPARASITES OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS
...2.0077
DDE
PESTICIDE RESIDUES ON ARIZONA CROPS ...1.0007
CHLORINATED PESTICIDES IN THE SOIL-WATER-PLANT
SYSTEM AND THEIR MANAGEMENT TO AVOID POLLU-
TION ...1.0024
REDUCTION OF HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH RESIDUES OF
INSECTICIDAL CHEMICALS IN THE ENVIRONMENT
...1.0037
REDUCTION OF RESIDUES OF INSECTICIDAL CHEMICALS
IN THE ENVIRONMENT ...1.0046
FACTORS INFLUENCING INSECTICIDE RESIDUES IN FOOD,
FORAGE AND OIL CROPS, AND SOIL ...1.0077
PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN KANSAS STREAMS ...1.0150
CHEMICAL, PHYSICAL, AND BIOLOGICAL DYNAMICS OF
NORTHERN PRAIRIE LAKES ...1.0205
PESTICIDES RESEARCH ...1.0232
PESTICIDE MONITORING PROGRAM ...1.0238
QUALITY FACTORS OF LAKE MICHIGAN COHO SALMON
FLESH ...1.0259
INVESTIGATION OF MEANS FOR CONTROLLED SELF-
DESTRUCTION OF PESTICIDES ...1.0323
ECOLOGY OF PESTICIDES IN AN AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM
...1.0339
EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON NON-TARGET ORGANISMS
...1.0341
TRACE LEVELS OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN AGRICUL-
TURAL COMMODITIES IN MARKETING CHANNELS
...1.0344
SELECTED PESTICIDES IN AQUATIC FUNGI IN THE THREE
RIVERS AREA ...1.0345
STUDIES IN PHYSIOLOGY ECOLOGY AND LIFE HISTORIES
OF ALGAE ...4.0022
DDT
PESTICIDE RESIDUES ON ARIZONA CROPS ...1.0007
MOVEMENT OF CHLORINATED HYDROCARBON INSECTI-
CIDES IN SOILS ...1.0011
DEVELOPMENT OF A TECHNIQUE FOR THE CONTROLLED
SELF-DESTRUCTION OF FIELD-APPLIED DDT ...1.0014
ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR PESTICIDES IN SOIL AND
WATER ...1.0018
RESIDUES OF SELECTED PESTICIDES IN PLANTS, ANIMALS,
AND THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT ...1.0019
REACTIONS OF PESTICIDES WITH SOILS ...1.0020
CHLORINATED PESTICIDES IN THE SOIL-WATER-PLANT
SYSTEM AND THEIR MANAGEMENT TO AVOID POLLU-
TION . .1.0024
NUTRIENT & WATER INPUTS & OUTGO FROM THE OR-
GANIC & MINERAL SOILS IN THE LAKE APOPKA AREA
...1.0029
PESTICIDE POLLUTION OF FARMSTEAD WATER SUPPLIES
IN THE SOUTHEAST ...1.0032
REDUCTION OF HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH RESIDUES OF
INSECTICIDAL CHEMICALS IN THE ENVIRONMENT
...1.0037
REDUCTION OF PESTICIDE RESIDUE HAZARDS ...1.0040
REMOVAL OF CONTAMINANTS FROM RURAL WATER SUP-
PLIES ...1.0047
WATER AND SOIL POLLUTION BY FARM CHEMICALS IN
THE LOWER MISSISSIPPI DELTA ...1.0050
CHEMICAL CONTAMINANTS IN SOIL AND WATER RUNOFF
IN NEW ENGLAND ...1.0051
PESTICIDE POLLUTION OF FARMSTEAD WATER SUPPLIES
IN THE NORTHEAST ...1.0052
BEHAVIOR OF PESTICIDES AND POLLUTANTS IN SOIL,
WATER, AND PLANTS ...1.0053
PERSISTENCE, ACCUMULATION AND FATE OF PESTICIDES
IN CRANBERRY SOILS AND RESERVOIRS ...1.0055
TRANSLOCATION OF PESTICIDES FROM CRANBERRY BOGS
TO THEIR SURROUNDINGS ..1.0056
PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN ENVIRONMENT AND EFFECTS ON
MARKETING AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES ...1.0062
ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLING
IN ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS ...1.0068
PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN PLANTS, ANIMALS, SOILS, AND
WATER ...1.0075
FACTORS INFLUENCING INSECTICIDE RESIDUES IN FOOD,
FORAGE AND OIL CROPS, AND SOIL ...1.0077
THE CYCLING OF CL-36 LABELED DDT IN NATURAL
ECOSYSTEMS ...1.0078
BEHAVIOR OF CHEMICALS INTRODUCED INTO THE
FOREST ENVIRONMENT AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE
ECOSYSTEM ...1.0083
INACTIVATION AND LOSS OF PESTICIDES FROM SOIL
...1.0097
MOVEMENT OF INSECTICIDES IN SOIL AND WATER ...1.0098
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS IN THE SURVIVAL OF MAN
...1.0132
PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN KANSAS STREAMS ...1.0150
A TISSUE ENZYME ASSAY FOR CHLORINATED HYDROCAR-
BON INSECTICIDES ...1.0168
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SEDIMENTS
...1.0170
SORPTION AND DESORPTION OF CHLORINATED
HYDROCARBON PESTICIDES IN AQUATIC SEDIMENT
MINERALS ...1.0181
CONTAMINATION OF SURFACE AND GROUND WATER
WITH INSECTICIDES AND HERBICIDES APPLIED TO CUL-
TIVATED CROPS ...1.0189
2-114
-------
SUBJECT INDEX
Pesticides
CHEMICAL, PHYSICAL, AND BIOLOGICAL DYNAMICS OF
NORTHERN PRAIRIE LAKES ...1.0205
LIVESTOCK DETOXICATING MECHANISMS OF PESTICIDES
...1.0212
DDT IN SNOW FALLEN AT HIGH ALTITUDE SINCE 1950
...1.0214
TERMINAL RESIDUES OF CHLORINATED HYDROCARBON
PESTICIDES IN LAKE MICHIGAN AND ASSOCIATED
TRIBUTARIES ...1.0222
PESTICIDES RESEARCH ...1.0232
PESTICIDE MONITORING PROGRAM ...1.0238
PHYSIOLOGY OF ESTUARINE ORGANISMS ...1.0242
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN SUB-LETHAL PESTICIDES AND
REPRODUCTION AND BEHAVIOR OF FISHES ...1.0245
EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE IN
THE MOSQUITOFISH, GAMBUSIA AFFINIS ...1.0249
PESTICIDE CONTAMINATION OF ENVIRONMENT ...1.0250
TOXICITY OF POLLUTANTS TO STRIPED BASS ...1.0251
EFFECTS OF CHRONIC SUBLETHAL DOSAGES OF DDT ON
THE SWIMMING PERFORMANCE OF ATLANTIC SALMON
PARR ...1.0252
PESTICIDE RESIDUE EFFECTS ON LARVAL MARINE FISHES
...1.0254
QUALITY FACTORS OF LAKE MICHIGAN COHO SALMON
FLESH ...1.0259
BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN
FISH ...1.0261
MAGNITUDE AND NATURE OF POLYCHLORINATED
BIPHENYLS IN COHO SALMON ...1.0262
MODE OF ACTION OF INSECTICIDES AS RELATED TO IN-
SECT METABOLISM AND BEHAVIOR ...1.0266
INVESTIGATION OF STRESS-INDUCED MOBILIZATION OF
INSECTICIDE RESIDUES - CHRONIC TOXICITY OF PESTI-
CIDES TO FISH ...1.0281
CHRONIC TOXICITY OF PESTICIDES TO FISH ...1.0287
PESTICIDE EFFECTS ON FISH ENDOCRINE FUNCTIONS
...1.0288
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE USE OF AGRICUL-
TURAL CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS AND THEIR
RESIDUES IN CHANNEL CATFISH ...1.0298
PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN OR ON RAW AGRICULTURAL COM-
MODITIES ...1.0306
INHIBITORY EFFECT OF DDT IN ATPASE ASSAY MIXTURES
...1.0309
ELIMINATE OR REDUCE EFFECTS OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES
...1.0311
EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION ON FISH DIS-
EASES ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES AND DISEASE
RESISTANCE MECHANISMS OF RAINBOW TROUT ...1.0312
SUBLETHAL AMOUNTS OF ORGANIC INSECTICIDES AND
FISH ...1.0313
INVESTIGATION OF MEANS FOR CONTROLLED SELF-
DESTRUCTION OF PESTICIDES ...1.0323
IMPACT OF PESTICIDES UPON SEMI-WILD ECOSYSTEMS
...1.0335
AN INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECTS OF DDT AND OTHER
CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS ON THE GROWTH OF
EURYHALINE MICROALGAE ...1.0336
ECOLOGY OF PESTICIDES IN AN AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM
...1.0339
EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON NON-TARGET ORGANISMS
...1.0341
SELECTED PESTICIDES IN AQUATIC FUNGI IN THE THREE
RIVERS AREA ...1.0345
STUDIES ON THE UPTAKE AND TRANSLOCATION OF C14-
LABELED DDT AND ALDRIN IN INVERTEBRATE POPULA-
TIONS, FY 1970 ...1.0354
INTERCEPTION AND DEGRADATION OF PESTICIDES BY
AQUATIC ALGAE ...1.0363
THE EFFECT OF PESTICIDES ON AN ECOSYSTEM ...1.0365
PESTICIDE LEVELS IN BIRDS WINTERING ON LAKE
MICHIGAN ...1.0367
INSECTICIDES AND EGG-SHELL DEPOSITION ...1.0368
MALARIA ERADICATION RESEARCH ...2.0051
MOSQUITO INVESTIGATIONS - RESEARCH AND DEVELOP-
MENT ...2.0060
LEGAL REPRESENTATION OF CITIZEN'S INTERESTS IN EN-
VIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ...2.0069
ACTION MECHANISMS OF INSECTICIDAL DERIVATIVES
...2.0089
MASS REARING OF MARISA CORNUARIETIS FOR BIOLOGI-
CAL CONTROL OF AQUATIC WEEDS IN EMPERATE
WATERS ...2.0124
ENTOMOLOGICAL PESTS OF VEGETABLE CROPS ...2.0288
STUDIES IN PHYSIOLOGY ECOLOGY AND LIFE HISTORIES
OF ALGAE ...4.0022
Diazinon
REDUCTION OF HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH RESIDUES OF
INSECTICIDAL CHEMICALS IN THE ENVIRONMENT
...1.0037
REDUCTION OF RESIDUES OF INSECTICIDAL CHEMICALS
IN THE ENVIRONMENT ...1.0046
FATE OF PESTICIDES ...1.0064
THE FATE OF SELECT PESTICIDES IN THE AQUATIC EN-
VIRONMENT ...1.0144
MODE OF ACTION OF INSECTICIDES AS RELATED TO IN-
SECT METABOLISM AND BEHAVIOR ...1.0266
INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS ...2.0081
ENTOMOLOGICAL PESTS OF VEGETABLE CROPS ...2.0288
Diazoxon
FATE OF PESTICIDES ...1.0064
Dibrom
INSECTICIDE AND NON-CHEMICAL CONTROL OF
MOSQUITOES ...2.0025
RELATION OF APPLICATION METHODS, CONCENTRATION,
AND VOLUME OF INSECTICIDE TO CATTLE INSECT CON-
TROL ...2.0039
INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS ...2.0081
Dieldrin
MOVEMENT OF CHLORINATED HYDROCARBON INSECTI-
CIDES IN SOILS ...1.0011
REACTIONS OF PESTICIDES WITH SOILS ...1.0020
REACTIONS OF PESTICIDES WITH SOILS IN RELATION TO
SOIL PRODUCTIVITY IN THE SOUTHWEST ...1.0021
CHLORINATED PESTICIDES IN THE SOIL-WATER-PLANT
SYSTEM AND THEIR MANAGEMENT TO AVOID POLLU-
TION ...1.0024
DISPOSITION OF PESTICIDES IN THE SOIL ...1.0031
PESTICIDES IN SOILS AND WATERS OF THE SOUTHERN
PIEDMONT ...1.0033
REDUCTION OF HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH RESIDUES OF
INSECTICIDAL CHEMICALS IN THE ENVIRONMENT
...1.0037
REDUCTION OF RESIDUES OF INSECTICIDAL CHEMICALS
IN THE ENVIRONMENT ...1.0046
REMOVAL OF CONTAMINANTS FROM RURAL WATER SUP-
PLIES ...1.0047
BEHAVIOR OF PESTICIDES AND POLLUTANTS IN SOIL,
WATER, AND PLANTS ...1.0053
CONTROL OF PESTICIDES IN SOIL AND WATER ...1.0054
PERSISTENCE, ACCUMULATION AND FATE OF PESTICIDES
IN CRANBERRY SOILS AND RESERVOIRS ...1.0055
TRANSLOCATION OF PESTICIDES FROM CRANBERRY BOGS
TO THEIR SURROUNDINGS ...1.0056
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN PESTICIDES AND GEORGIA
FARM POND ECOSYSTEMS ...1.0138
PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN KANSAS STREAMS ...1.0150
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SEDIMENTS
...1.0170
SORPTION AND DESORPTION OF CHLORINATED
HYDROCARBON PESTICIDES IN AQUATIC SEDIMENT
MINERALS ...1.0181
RELATION OF AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES TO WATER
QUALITY IN NORTH APPALACHIAN REGION ...1.0194
CHEMICAL, PHYSICAL, AND BIOLOGICAL DYNAMICS OF
NORTHERN PRAIRIE LAKES ...1.0205
TERMINAL RESIDUES OF CHLORINATED HYDROCARBON
PESTICIDES IN LAKE MICHIGAN AND ASSOCIATED
TRIBUTARIES ...1.0222
PESTICIDE MONITORING PROGRAM ...1.0238
EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON MARINE ANIMALS ...1.0244
2-115
-------
Pesticides
SUBJECT INDEX
CONTAMINATION OF CHANNEL CATFISH WITH DIELDRIN
FROM AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF ...1.0247
PESTICIDE CONTAMINATION OF ENVIRONMENT ...1.0250
PESTICIDE RESIDUE EFFECTS ON LARVAL MARINE FISHES
...1.0254
PHYSIOLOGIC RESPONSE OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS TO
POLLUTANTS ...1.0260
BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN
FISH ...1.0261
PESTICIDE EFFECTS ON FISH ENDOCRINE FUNCTIONS
...1.0269
INVESTIGATION OF STRESS-INDUCED MOBILIZATION OF
INSECTICIDE RESIDUES CHRONIC TOXICITY OF PESTI-
CIDES TO FISH ...1.0281
CHRONIC TOXICITY OF PESTICIDES TO FISH ...1.0287
PESTICIDE EFFECTS ON FISH ENDOCRINE FUNCTIONS
..1.0288
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE USE OF AGRICUL-
TURAL CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS AND THEIR
RESIDUES IN CHANNEL CATFISH ...1.0298
THE EFFECT OF DIELDRIN ON SURVIVAL AND DEVELOP-
MENT OF FISH EGGS ...1.0300
THE UPTAKE OF DIELDRIN IN THE THREE RIDGED NAIAD,
AMBLEMA PLICATA ...1.0301
EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON NON-TARGET ORGANISMS
...1.0341
PHARMACOLOGICAL AND ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF
PESTICIDES ...1.0362
INTERCEPTION AND DEGRADATION OF PESTICIDES BY
AQUATIC ALGAE ...1.0363
ACTION MECHANISMS OF INSECTICIDAL DERIVATIVES
...2.0089
Dipterex
TOXICITY OF POLLUTANTS TO STRIPED BASS ...1.0251
RELATION OF APPLICATION METHODS, CONCENTRATION,
AND VOLUME OF INSECTICIDE TO CATTLE INSECT CON-
TROL ...2.0039
Dursban
CHRONIC EFFECTS OF DURSBAN ON WARM-WATER FISH
...1.0282
EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON ESTUARINE ORGANISMS
...1.0304
EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON ESTUARINE ORGANISMS
...1.0305
PESTICIDES AND WILDLIFE ...1.0324
CONTROL OF COMMON HOUSEFLY ...2.0005
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF PASTURE MOSQUITOES
...2.0008
AERIAL DISPERSAL METHODS FOR CONCENTRATED IN-
SECTICIDES ...2.0009
MOSQUITO INVESTIGATIONS RESEARCH AND DEVELOP-
MENT ...2.0060
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF MOSQUITOES, SAND FLIES,
AND GNATS OF WESTERN U.S. ...2.0079
Endrin
ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR PESTICIDES IN SOIL AND
WATER ...1.0018
RESIDUES OF SELECTED PESTICIDES IN PLANTS, ANIMALS,
AND THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT ...1.0019
CHLORINATED PESTICIDES IN THE SOIL-WATER-PLANT
SYSTEM AND THEIR MANAGEMENT TO AVOID POLLU-
TION ...1.0024
DISPOSITION OF PESTICIDES IN THE SOIL ...1.0031
REDUCTION OF RESIDUES OF INSECTICIDAL CHEMICALS
IN THE ENVIRONMENT ...1.0046
ROW LENGTH, GRADE AND DRAINAGE REQUIREMENTS OF
CROPS ...1.0049
WATER AND SOIL POLLUTION BY FARM CHEMICALS IN
THE LOWER MISSISSIPPI DELTA ...1.0050
METABOLISM OF ENDRIN IN PONDS ...1.0113
STUDY OF ELECTROHYDRAULIC WATER TREATMENT
.1.0121
PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN KANSAS STREAMS ...1.0150
CHEMICAL, PHYSICAL, AND BIOLOGICAL DYNAMICS OF
NORTHERN PRAIRIE LAKES ...1.0205
EFFECT OF ENDRIN ON EGG-SPERM FORMATION AND
EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT ...1.0229
EFFECT OF ENDRJN ON FISH AND THEIR ENVIRONMENT
UNDER CONTROLLED CONDITIONS ...1.0230
PRELIMINARY STUDIES ON ENDRIN AND OTHER PESTICIDE
UPTAKES BY FINGERLING CHANNEL CATFISH ...1.0231
CURRENT FISH AND WILDLIFE PESTICIDE PROBLEMS
...1.0235
PESTICIDE MONITORING PROGRAM ...1.0238
PESTICIDE CONTAMINATION OF ENVIRONMENT ...1.0250
TOXICITY OF POLLUTANTS TO STRIPED BASS ...1.0251
LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON AQUATIC INVER-
TEBRATES ...1.0258
PESTICIDE EFFECTS ON FISH ENDOCRINE FUNCTIONS
...1.0269
Ethyl Parathion
EFFECT OF MOSQUITO CONTROL CHEMICALS ON
AQUATIC FAUNA ...2.0003
Gardona
ECOLOGY AND CONTROL OF CERTAIN PARASITIC DIP-
TERA ...2.0001
CONTROL OF COMMON HOUSEFLY ...2.0005
THE BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF ARTHROPODS AFFECT-
ING MAN AND ANIMALS ...2.0078
Guthion
DISTRIBUTION OF ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDE
RESIDUES IN NATURAL WATERS AND SEDIMENTS
...1.0215
PESTICIDE CONTAMINATION OF ENVIRONMENT ...1.0250
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF SNAILS ...2.0268
HeptacKlor
CHLORINATED PESTICIDES IN THE SOIL-WATER-PLANT
SYSTEM AND THEIR MANAGEMENT TO AVOID POLLU-
TION ...1.0024
REDUCTION OF RESIDUES OF INSECTICIDAL CHEMICALS
IN THE ENVIRONMENT ...1.0046
CONTROL OF PESTICIDES IN SOIL AND WATER ...1.0054
PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN KANSAS STREAMS ...1.0150
SORPTION AND DESORPTION OF CHLORINATED
HYDROCARBON PESTICIDES IN AQUATIC SEDIMENT
MINERALS ...1.0181
CHEMICAL, PHYSICAL, AND BIOLOGICAL DYNAMICS OF
NORTHERN PRAIRIE LAKES ...1.0205
PESTICIDE MONITORING PROGRAM ...1.0238
PESTICIDE RESIDUE EFFECTS ON LARVAL MARINE FISHES
...1.0254
CONTROL OF COMMON HOUSEFLY ...2.0005
Heptachlor Epoxide
CONTROL OF PESTICIDES IN SOIL AND WATER ...1.0054
CHEMICAL, PHYSICAL, AND BIOLOGICAL DYNAMICS OF
NORTHERN PRAIRIE LAKES . .1.0205
PESTICIDE MONITORING PROGRAM ...1.0238
Isodrin
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SEDIMENTS
...1.0170
Lindane
MOVEMENT OF CHLORINATED HYDROCARBON INSECTI-
CIDES IN SOILS ...1.0011
REACTIONS OF PESTICIDES WITH SOILS ...1.0020
REACTIONS OF PESTICIDES WITH SOILS IN RELATION TO
SOIL PRODUCTIVITY IN THE SOUTHWEST ...1.0021
CHLORINATED PESTICIDES IN THE SOIL-WATER-PLANT
SYSTEM AND THEIR MANAGEMENT TO AVOID POLLU-
TION ...1.0024
PESTICIDE POLLUTION OF FARMSTEAD WATER SUPPLIES
IN THE SOUTHEAST ...1.0032
PESTICIDES IN SOILS AND WATERS OF THE SOUTHERN
PIEDMONT ...1.0033
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN PESTICIDES AND GEORGIA
FARM POND ECOSYSTEMS ...1.0138
PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN KANSAS STREAMS ...1.0150
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SEDIMENTS
...1.0170
2-116
-------
SUBJECT INDEX
Pesticides
CHEMICAL, PHYSICAL, AND BIOLOGICAL DYNAMICS OF
NORTHERN PRAIRIE LAKES ...1.0205
PESTICIDE MONITORING PROGRAM ...1.0238
STUDY OF CHRONIC TOX1CITY OF LINDANE TO SELECTED
FRESHWATER FISHES AND FOOD CHAIN ORGANISMS
...1.0337
Malathion
INACTIVATION AND LOSS OF PESTICIDES FROM SOIL
...1.0076
DISTRIBUTION OF ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDE
RESIDUES IN NATURAL WATERS AND SEDIMENTS
...1.0215
LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON AQUATIC INVER-
TEBRATES ...1.0258
EFFECTS OF PARATHION AND MALATHION ON WARM-
WATER FISH PONDS ...1.0283
MINERAL IMBALANCE IN BLUEGILLS EXPOSED TO
MALATHION PESTICIDE-INDUCED MINERAL IMBALANCE
IN FISH ...1.0292
TOXICITY OF SELECTED METALS TO CONDITIONED FISH
...1.0302
ECOLOGY AND CONTROL OF CERTAIN PARASITIC DIP-
TERA ...2.0001
EFFECT OF MOSQUITO CONTROL CHEMICALS ON
AQUATIC FAUNA ...2.0003
CONTROL OF COMMON HOUSEFLY ...2.0005
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF MOSQUITOES IN CENTRAL AND
NORTHERN CALIFORNIA ...2.0006
BIOLOGY ECOLOGY AND CONTROL OF INSECTS TICKS
AND MITES WHICH ATTACK LIVESTOCK, POULTRY AND
HOUSEHOLD ...2.0040
COORDINATION OF MOSQUITO CONTROL IN NEW JERSEY
...2.0061
MOSQUITOES IN RELATION TO AGRICULTURAL PRODUC-
TION AND VETERINARY SCIENCE ...2.0062
INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS ...2.0081
EFFECT OF CONTROLLING SALT-MARSH MOSQUITOES
...2.0082
EFFECT OF BITING FLIES ON WEIGHT GAINS IN CATTLE
..2.0090
MCA 600
FATE OF PESTICIDES ...1.0064
Methomyl
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF SNAILS ...2.0268
Mcthoxychlor
REDUCTION OF HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH RESIDUES OF
INSECTICIDAL CHEMICALS IN THE ENVIRONMENT
...1.0037
CHEMICAL CONTAMINANTS IN SOIL AND WATER RUNOFF
IN NEW ENGLAND ...1.0051
THE FATE OF SELECT PESTICIDES IN THE AQUATIC EN-
VIRONMENT ...1.0144
PESTICIDE MONITORING PROGRAM ...1.0238
FIELD STUDIES OF PESTICIDE EFFECTS ON FISHES ...1.0257
PHYSIOLOGIC RESPONSE OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS TO
POLLUTANTS ...1.0260
STREAM STUDIES TO DETERMINE TOXIC EFFECTS OF
METHOXYCHLOR IN FISH POPULATIONS ...1.0263
LABORATORY BIOASSAYS TO DETERMINE TOXIC EFFECS
OF METHOXYCHLOR IN FISH ...1.0264
SERUM ANALYSIS OF CUTTHROAT TROUT EXPOSED
CHRONICALLY TO METHOXYCHLOR PESTICIDE EFFECTS
ON FISH ENDOCRINE FUNCTIONS ...1.0273
METHOXYCHLOR-CAUSED EFFECTS ON CUTTHROAT
TROUT PHYSIOLOGY - CHRONIC TOXICITY OF INSECTI-
CIDES TO COLD-WATER FISH ...1.0296
INTERACTION BETWEEN MICROORGANISMS AND PESTI-
CIDES ...1.0351
ECOLOGY AND CONTROL OF CERTAIN PARASITIC DIP-
TERA ...2.0001
EFFECTS OF METHOXYCHLOR ON THE CONDITIONING OF
STRIPED BASS TO AN OLFACTORY STIMULUS ...2.0233
Methyl Parathion
REDUCTION OF RESIDUES OF INSECTICIDAL CHEMICALS
IN THE ENVIRONMENT ...1.0046
PESTICIDAL RESIDUES OF AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS
...1.0063
TOXICITY OF POLLUTANTS TO STRIPED BASS ...1.0251
THE EFFECT OF PESTICIDES ON AN ECOSYSTEM ...1.0365
EMERGENCY INSECT CONTROL ...2.0076
Monitor
EVALUATION OF NEW INSECTICIDES ...2.0015
Paris Green
MOSQUITOES IN RELATION TO AGRICULTURAL PRODUC-
TION AND VETERINARY SCIENCE ...2.0062
Pyrethrum
MODE OF ACTION OF INSECTICIDES AS RELATED TO IN-
SECT METABOLISM AND BEHAVIOR ...1.0266
BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF INSECT CONTROL AGENTS
...2.0050
Ronnel
REDUCTION OF PESTICIDE RESIDUE HAZARDS ...1.0040
PARASITES OF WARMWATER FISHES AND THEIR CONTROL
...3.0108
Ruelene
THE BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF ARTHROPODS AFFECT-
ING MAN AND ANIMALS ...2.0078
PARASITES OF WARMWATER FISHES AND THEIR CONTROL
...3.0108
Sevin
AN EVALUATION OF THE INSECTICIDE 'SEVIN1 AS A
WATERSHED POLLUTANT ...1.0067
PESTICIDE DETOXICATION MECHANISMS OF MICROOR-
GANISMS IN SOIL AND WATER ...1.0087
LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON AQUATIC INVER-
TEBRATES ...1.0258
UPTAKE, PERSISTENCE AND METABOLITES OF SEVIN BY
CHANNEL CATFISH ...1.0284
EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON ESTUARINE ORGANISMS
...1.0304
EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON ESTUARINE ORGANISMS
...1.0305
NEW OR IMPROVED TECHNIQUES FOR SAFE CHEMICAL
CONTROL OF ECTOPARASITES OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS
...2.0077
Sumithion
IMPACT OF PESTICIDES UPON SEMI-WILD ECOSYSTEMS
...1.0335
TDE
CHLORINATED PESTICIDES IN THE SOIL-WATER-PLANT
SYSTEM AND THEIR MANAGEMENT TO AVOID POLLU-
TION ...1.0024
WATER AND SOIL POLLUTION BY FARM CHEMICALS IN
THE LOWER MISSISSIPPI DELTA ...1.0050
FACTORS INFLUENCING INSECTICIDE RESIDUES IN FOOD,
FORAGE AND OIL CROPS, AND SOIL ...1.0077
CHEMICAL, PHYSICAL, AND BIOLOGICAL DYNAMICS OF
NORTHERN PRAIRIE LAKES ...1.0205
PESTICIDES RESEARCH ...1.0232
PESTICIDE MONITORING PROGRAM ...1.0238
QUALITY FACTORS OF LAKE MICHIGAN COHO SALMON
FLESH ...1.0259
ECOLOGY OF PESTICIDES IN AN AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM
...1.0339
TRACE LEVELS OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN AGRICUL-
TURAL COMMODITIES IN MARKETING CHANNELS
...1.0344
SELECTED PESTICIDES IN AQUATIC FUNGI IN THE THREE
RIVERS AREA ...1.0345
Thimet
BEHAVIOR OF CHEMICALS INTRODUCED INTO THE
FOREST ENVIRONMENT AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE
ECOSYSTEM ...1.0083
MODE OF ACTION OF INSECTICIDES AS RELATED TO IN-
SECT METABOLISM AND BEHAVIOR ...1.0266
2-117
-------
Pesticides
SUBJECT INDEX
Thiodan
CHEMICAL CONTAMINANTS IN SOIL AND WATER RUNOFF
IN NEW ENGLAND ...1.0051
EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION ON FISH DIS-
EASES ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES AND DISEASE
RESISTANCE MECHANISMS OF RAINBOW TROUT ..1.0312
Thuricide
EMERGENCY INSECT CONTROL ...2.0076
Toxaphene
PESTICIDE POLLUTION OF FARMSTEAD WATER SUPPLIES
IN THE SOUTHEAST ...1.0032
PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN ENVIRONMENT AND EFFECTS ON
MARKETING AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES ...1.0062
PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN PLANTS, ANIMALS, SOILS, AND
WATER ...1.0075
INACTIVATION AND LOSS OF PESTICIDES FROM SOIL
...1.0097
MOVEMENT OF INSECTICIDES IN SOIL AND WATER ...1.0098
TOXAPHENE CONTAMINATION ESTUARINE ECOLOGY
...1.0139
PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN KANSAS STREAMS ...1.0150
CONTAMINATION OF SURFACE AND GROUND WATER
WITH INSECTICIDES AND HERBICIDES APPLIED TO CUL-
TIVATED CROPS ...1.0189
CHEMICAL, PHYSICAL, AND BIOLOGICAL DYNAMICS OF
NORTHERN PRAIRIE LAKES ...1.0205
EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE IN
THE MOSQUITOFISH, GAMBUSIA AFFINIS ...1.0249
INTERACTION BETWEEN MICROORGANISMS AND PESTI-
CIDES ...1.0351
BIODEGRADATION OF PESTICIDES IN A FRESHWATER
ECOSYSTEM INTERACTION BETWEEN MICROORGAN-
ISMS AND PESTICIDES ...1.0352
UC 30045
ENTOMOLOGICAL PESTS OF VEGETABLE CROPS ..2.0288
Iodides
EFFECTIVENESS OF IODINE FOR DISINFECTION OF PUBLIC
WATER SUPPLIES & TO DETERMINE PHYSIOLOGICAL EF-
FECTS ON A HUMAN POPULATION ...1.0126
EFFECTS OF CHEMICAL IMPURITIES IN WATER DISINFEC-
TION BY HALOGENS ...1.0155
Metal Organics -nonspecific
BEHAVIOR OF PESTICIDES AND POLLUTANTS IN SOIL,
WATER, AND PLANTS ...1.0053
CONTROL OF HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL SPILLS BY PHYSI-
CAL BARRIERS ...1.0086
CURRENT FISH AND WILDLIFE PESTICIDE PROBLEMS
...1.0235
THE PHYSIOLOGY AND CHEMICAL CONTROL OF AQUATIC
WEEDS IN THE SOUTHEAST ...2.0129
Molluscicides
CONTROL OF WEEDS AND CERTAIN OTHER AQUATIC
PESTS IN THE PACIFIC SOUTHWEST ...2.0101
CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC CONTROL OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS BY
HORMONES ...2.0266
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF SNAILS ..2.0268
THE BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF THE SNAIL INTER-
MEDIATE HOST OF SCHISTOSOMES ...2.0276
INCIDENCE BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF FASCIOLA
HEPATICA IN THE SOUTHWEST ...2.0280
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF TERRESTRIAL MOLLUSCS
...2.0281
'A METHOD OF DESTROYING ONCOMELANIA-THE SNAIL
VECTOR OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS' ...2.0284
DEVELOPMENT OF A TOXIC BAIT ...2.0286
CORRELATION OF STRUCTURE VS. ACTIVITY OF POLLU-
TANTS OF FRESH WATER ...2.0290
MOLLUSCICIDES A CORRELATION OF STRUCTURE VS.
ACTIVITY ...2.0291
OYSTER DRIL (OCINEBRA JAPONICA) CONTROL ...2.0293
THE CONTROL OF SLUGS ...2.0294
Bayluscide
METHOD OF KILLING ONCOMELANIA & AQUATIC SNAIL
VECTORS OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS ...2.0285
Tributyhin Cpds
CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC CONTROL OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS BY
HORMONES ...2.0266
METHOD OF KILLING ONCOMELANIA & AQUATIC SNAIL
VECTORS OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS ...2.0285
Triphenyllead Cpds.
METHOD OF KILLING ONCOMELANIA & AQUATIC SNAIL
VECTORS OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS ...2.0285
Multiple Usage
Pentachlorophenol
PHARMACOLOGICAL AND ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF
PESTICIDES ...1.0362
MARINE PILING ANALYSIS ...2.0296
Sodium Arsenite
FARM FISH POND MANAGEMENT ...1.0340
AN EVALUATION OF WIDELY USED HERBICIDES ON
AQUATIC PLANTS, FISH AND FISH-FOOD ORGANISMS
...1.0343
Organophosphorous Cpds.
PESTICIDE MOBILITY AND DEGRADATION IN SOIL-WATER
SYSTEMS ...1.0013
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS OF PESTICIDE USAGE
...1.0038
EFFECT OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES AND OTHER ORGANO-
TOXICANTS ON THE QUALITY OF SURFACE AND
GROUNDWATER RESOURCES ...1.0041
ANALYSIS OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES ...1.0058
SOILS, PESTICIDES AND THE QUALITY OF WATER ...1.0105
FLUORESCENT PROBES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEW
ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR WATER POLLUTION
...1.0137
RESEARCH INITIATION FATE OF SELECTED OR-
GANOPHOSPHATE AND CARBAMATE INSECTICIDES IN
SURFACE WATERS ...1.0146
A TISSUE ENZYME ASSAY FOR CHLORINATED HYDROCAR-
BON INSECTICIDES ...1.0168
RAPID DETECTION OF TOXIC MATERIALS IN WATER
...1.0180
AGRICULTURAL CONTRIBUTIONS TO NUTRIENTS IN
WATER ...1.0186
QUANTITATIVE METHODS FOR PESTICIDES IN NATURAL
WATERS ...1.0198
TRANSFER OF PESTICIDES THROUGH WATER, SEDIMENTS,
AND AQUATIC LIFE ...1.0201
PESTICIDE LEVELS IN WATER AND WILDLIFE OF REEL-
FOOT LAKE, TENNESSEE ...1.0208
OCCURRENCE OF PESTICIDES IN AQUATIC ENVIRON-
MENTS ...1.0219
ATOMIC ABSORPTION ANALYSIS OF PHOSPHATES IN
WATER ...1.0227
CURRENT FISH AND WILDLIFE PESTICIDE PROBLEMS
...1.0235
ENZYME SYSTEMS OF ESTUARINE ORGANISMS ..1.0239
PESTICIDE CONTAMINATION OF ENVIRONMENT ...1.0250
FACTORS AFFECTING PESTICIDE TOXICITY ...1.0255
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS OF PESTICIDE USAGE
...1.0334
IN VITRO POTENCY OF SEVERAL ANTICHOLINESTERASE
AGENTS WITH SELECTED MEMBERS OF THE AQUATIC
ENVIRONMENT ...1.0348
RESPIRATION RATES OF FISH-FOOD INVERTEBRATES EX-
POSED TO PESTICIDES ...1.0355
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF PASTURE MOSQUITOES
...2.0008
EVALUATION OF NEW INSECTICIDES ...2.0015
STUDIES ON INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE IN MOSQUITOES
...2.0017
SUSCEPTIBILITY OF INSECTS TO INSECTICIDES ...2.0055
2-118
-------
SUBJECT INDEX
Pesticides
SELECTIVE TOXICITY BY OPTICALLY ACTIVE
PHOSPHONOTHIONATE PESTICIDES ...2.0086
ACTION MECHANISMS OF INSECTICIDAL DERIVATIVES
...2.0089
DEVELOPMENT OF CULTURE METHODS FOR MOSQUITOES
...4.0035
Pesticides -nonspecific
SORPTION AND MOVEMENT OF POLLUTED WATER IN SOIL
...1.0012
VOLATILIZATION LOSSES OF PESTICIDES FROM SOILS
...1.0016
BEHAVIOR OF POLLUTANTS IN WATER ...1.0022
ECONOMIC EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES AND OTHER WASTES
ON NATURAL RESOURCE QUALITY ...1.0026
MOVEMENT AND ADSORPTION OF PESTICIDES IN STERIL-
IZED SOIL COLUMNS ...1.0028
POLLUTION EFFECTS ON GROUND WATER RECHARGE IN
HAWAII ...1.0036
RELATIONSHIP OF PESTICIDES IN SOIL, WATER AND
PLANTS ...1.00S7
METHODS FOR DISPOSAL OF SPILLED AND UNUSED PESTI-
CIDES ...1.0060
SOIL AND WATER MANAGEMENT FOR SALINITY CONTROL
- PHASE II ...1.0066
EFFECTS OF VEGETATIVE COVERS UPON RUNOFF FROM
PRINCIPAL SOILS OF WESTERN NORTH CAROLINA
...1.0074
EFFECT OF AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS ON THE QUALITY
OF GROUND AND SURFACE WATERS ...1.0080
FATES OF AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS IN SOILS ..1.0092
CHARACTERISTICS AND POLLUT1ONAL PROBLEMS OF
PESTICIDE MANUFACTURING WASTES ...1.0093
EFFECT OF USING RUNOFF WATER IN RECHARGE WELLS-
HIGH PLAINS AREA ...1.0100
EFFECT OF PESTICIDES ON THE QUALITY OF SURFACE
AND GROUND WATERS IN THE WESTERN GULF REGION
...1.0101
DEVELOPMENT OF ON-SITE BIOASSAY METHODS ...1.0108
INTERFERING SOIL CONSTITUENTS IN DETERMINATION OF
PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN SOIL AND WATER ...1.0109
IDENTIFICATION AND DETERMINATION OF PESTICIDE
RESIDUES IN SOIL AND RUNOFF AND DRAINAGE
WATERS. ...1.0110
PHOTOCHEMICAL METHODS FOR PURIFYING WATER
...1.0115
INVESTIGATION INTO RECREATIONAL WATER QUALITY
CRITERIA ...1.0116
AN INVESTIGATION INTO RECREATIONAL WATER QUALI-
TY CRITERIA ...1.0117
ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY OF SAN FRANCISCO BAY
WATERS AND SEDIMENTS ...1.0120
PREDICTING MINERAL QUALITY OF RETURN FLOW
WATER ..1.0122
IMPACT ON MAN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION
CAUSED BY LEAD ...1.0123
ATTENTION AND RUNOFF OF PESTICIDES FROM AGRICUL-
TURAL LANDS TO SURFACE WATERS ...1.0124
PESTICIDE KINETICS ...1.0127
ESTUARINE ECOSYSTEMS . .1.0128
ANAEROBIC DEGRADATION OF AROMATIC COMPOUNDS
IN THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT ...1.0131
EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON ESTUARINE PRODUCTIVITY
...1.0133
UPPER ST. JOHNS RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY, FLORIDA
...1.0134
RURAL RUNOFF CONTROL ...1.0135
DEVELOP EFFECTIVE TREATMENT METHODS FOR HARD
PESTIDICIDES ...1.0136
A STUDY PROGRAM TO IDENTIFY PROBLEMS RELATED TO
OCEANIC ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY NORTH ATLAN-
TIC ...1.0140
STUDY OF METHODS FOR REDUCING WATER POLLUTION
FROM STORM SEWER AND COMBINATION DISCHARGES
THROUGH DEFINED PUBLIC WORKS PRACTICES ...1.0142
GREAT LAKES PESTICIDE MONITORING PROGRAM, INDI-
ANA ...1.0147
DETECTION AND IDENTIFICATION OF MOLECULAR WATER
POLLUTANTS BY LASER RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY ...1.0151
ENZYMES FOR ANALYSIS AND PURIFICATION OF SALINE
WATER SYSTEMS ...1.0153
POLLUTION LOADS IN RUNOFF FROM SMALL AGRICUL-
TURAL WATERSHEDS ...1.01S4
PESTICIDE MONITORING PROGRAM ...1.0156
MASSACHUSETTS PESTICIDE MONITORING STUDY ...1.0157
A STUDY PROGRAM TO IDENTIFY PROBLEMS RELATED TO
OCEANIC ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY NORTH ATLAN-
TIC ...1.0158
AN ECOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF STREAM EUTROPHICA-
TION ...1.0161
WATERSHED ANALYSIS RELATING TO EUTROPHICATION
OF LAKE MICHIGAN . .1.0162
PESTICIDE TESTING FOR SETTING STANDARDS ...1.0165
PESTICIDES INPUTS AND LEVELS IN MINNESOTA WATERS
OF LAKE SUPERIOR BASIN ...1.0166
DEVELOP IN-HOUSE CAPABILITY IN WATER QUALITY
TECHNIQUES FOR ANALYSES OF HEAVY METALS, BAC-
TERIA, AND PESTICIDE RESIDUES ...1.0171
SERVICES FOR THE QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF PESTI-
CIDES IN SEAWATER AND BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES ...1.0172
PREPARATION OF CHLORINE-36 LABELED OR-
GANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES AND RELATED COM-
POUNDS (PCB'S) ...1.0174
UPDATING THE 'HANDBOOK OF PROCEDURES FOR PESTI-
CIDE RESIDUE ANALYSIS' METHODOLOGY IN CHEMI-
CAL ANALYSIS AND SAMPLING ...1.0176
THE EFFECTS OF HERBICIDES, PESTICIDES, AND FERTIL-
IZERS ON THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF WATER ...1.0177
LOSSES OF FERTILIZERS AND PESTICIDES IN RUNOFF ERO-
SION ...1.0178
GROUND AND SURFACE WATERS - POLLUTION ...1.0182
DEEPWATER PILOT PLANT-ENGINEERING AND INTERCEP-
TOR FEASIBILITY ...1.0183
DEEPWATER PILOT PLANT ENGINEERING AND INTERCEP-
TOR FEASIBILITY STUDY ...1.0184
CONCENTRATION AND ANALYSIS OF PESTICIDES AND
OTHER RECALCITRANT MOLECULES IN WATER SUP-
PLIES BY ULTRAFILTRATION ...1.0185
QUALITY OF STORM WATER DRAINAGE FROM URBAN
LAND AREAS IN NORTH CAROLINA ...1.0187
CHROMATOGRAPHIC CONCENTRATION OF PESTICIDES
FROM A LARGE MASS OF WATER ...1.0188
CENTER FOR STUDY OF THE HUMAN ENVIRONMENT
...1.0190
CHEMICAL AND SEDIMENT MOVEMENT FROM AGRICUL-
TURAL LAND INTO LAKE ERIE ...1.0192
PESTICIDES MOVEMENT FROM CROPLAND INTO LAKE
ERIE ...1.0193
MICROWAVE-EXCITED EMISSION DETECTOR FOR PESTI-
CIDES AND TRACE METAL ANALYSIS ...1.0195
DEVELOP EFFECTIVE TREATMENT METHODS FOR HARD
PESTICIDES ..1.0197
PROVIDE A CONTINUOUS SURVEY OF THE LITERATURE
ON STORM AND COMBINED SEWERS ...1.0199
THE BIOASSAY OF WATER POLLUTANTS WITH CULTURED
MAMMALIAN CELLS ...1.0200
FISHERIES UNIT ...1.0203
QUANTIFICATION OF POLLUTANTS IN AGRICULTURAL RU-
NOFF ...1.0204
DESIGNING A GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING
SYSTEM ...1.0206
INVESTIGATION OF RICE IRRIGATION RETURN FLOWS
TEXAS COASTAL PRAIRIE REGION ...1.0209
CHARACTERISTICS AND POLLUTIONAL PROBLEMS OF
PESTICIDE MANUFACTURING WASTES ...1.0210
ELECTROPHORETIC CLARIFICATION OF WATER ...1.0211
PESTICIDES AND MICROBIAL ECOLOGY OF LAKE CHAM-
PLAIN ...1.0213
IMPROVING WATER QUALITY BY REMOVAL OF PESTICIDE
POLLUTANTS WITH AQUATIC PLANTS ...1.0216
SOURCES OF QUALITY IMPAIRMENT OF SURFACE WATERS
...1.0218
THE OCCURRENCE OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN THE LOWER
BRISBANE RIVER AND IN THE TISSUES OF ESTUARINE
ANIMALS ...1.0233
2-119
-------
Pesticides
SUBJECT INDEX
EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON AQUATIC ANIMALS IN THE
ESTUARINE AND MARINE ENVIRONMENTS ...1.0234
PHYSIOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR OF LARVAE (PHYSIOECOLO-
GY OF SHELLFISH PROGRAM) ...1.0236
BEHAVIOR OF ESTUARINE ANIMALS ...1.0240
LABORATORY BIOASSAYS ...1.0241
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL FACTORS AFFECTING FISH
...1.0246
EFFECTS ON THE SPERMIAT1ON RESPONSE OF GOLDFISH
AFTER EXPOSURE TO SELECTED PESTICIDES ...1.0270
COMPARISON OF METHODS USED TO MEASURE ESTERASE
ACTIVITY. INTERACTIONS BETWEEN PESTICIDES ON
FISH ENZYME SYSTEMS ...1.0274
SEASONAL CHANGES IN ESTERASE ACTIVITY IN FISH AND
INVERTEBRATES. INTERACTIONS BETWEEN PESTICIDES
ON FISH ENZYME SYSTEMS ...1.0275
CHARACTERIZATION OF ESTERASE(S) PRESENT IN FISH
BLOOD ...1.0276
SCREENING OF PESTICIDES AGAINST FISH AT COLUMBIA
MISSOURI ...1.0277
THE INFLUENCES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS ON
THE TOX1CITY OF PESTICIDES ...1.0278
CHRONIC TOXICITY OF PESTICIDES TO FRESHWATER
FISHES ...1.0285
PESTICIDE EFFECTS ON NITROGEN METABOLISM IN
TELEOSTS ...1.0289
PESTICIDE EFFECTS ON NITROGEN METABOLISM IN
TELEOSTS ...1.0290
PESTICIDE EFFECTS ON FISH ENDOCRINE FUNCTIONS
...1.0291
CONTINUOUS-FLOW BIOASSAY OF PESTICIDES TO EVALU-
ATE THE ACUTE AND CHRONIC EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES
TO FRESHWATER INVERTEBRATES ...1.0294
THE FATE AND EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES IN THE AQUATIC
ENVIRONMENT OF THE FLATHEAD LAKE DRAINAGE
AREA ...1.0297
PESTICIDE TOXICITY TO MARINE FISH AND INVER-
TEBRATES ...1.0307
EFFECT OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES ON GAME FISH POPULA-
TIONS ..1.0310
REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF FISH-EATING BIRDS IN
NORTHERN CALIFORNIA ...1.0320
THE CHEMISTRY AND TOXICOLOGY OF AGRICULTURAL
CHEMICALS ...1.0322
SELECTED PESTICIDES VS. WILDLIFE IN AQUATIC EN-
VIRONMENTS ...1.0325
CONSTRUCTION OF PESTICIDES DEGRADABLE BY NOR-
MAL MICROFLORA OF NATURAL WATERS AND SOILS
..1.0331
ILLINOIS LAWS AFFECTING AGRICULTURE ...1.0332
DISTRIBUTION AND METABOLIC FATE OF INDUSTRIAL
POLLUTANTS AND PESTICIDES IN A MODEL AQUATIC
ECOSYSTEM ...1.0333
BIOCHEMICAL ECOLOGICAL RELATIONSHIPS OF PESTI-
CIDES AND THE BIO-CONSTITUENTS OF AQUATIC COM-
MUNITIES ...1.0342
TOXICOLOGY OF PESTICIDES IN THE ENVIRONMENT
1.0360
ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY OF PESTICIDES ...1.0361
AOUICULTURE, OYSTER HATCHERIES - RESEARCH ..3.0118
ATMOSPHERIC CONSTITUENTS OF THE TERRESTRIAL-TYPE
PLANETS ...4.0007
INFLUENCE OF SUSPENDED MICROSCOPIC SUBSTANCES
ON THE METABOLISM OF MICROORGANISMS RESPONSI-
BLE FOR BIOLOGICAL ENRICHMENT OF WATER ...4.0027
LAKE ONTARIO INTERIM COMPREHENSIVE FISHERIES
MANAGEMENT PLAN ...4.0082
Pesticides -other
PESTICIDE MOBILITY AND DEGRADATION IN SOIL-WATER
SYSTEMS ...1.0034
HERBICIDE EQUILIBRIA OF LATOSOLIC SOIL ...1.0035
PESTIC1DAL RESIDUES OF AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS
...1.0063
FATE AND PERSISTENCE OF PESTICIDES AND PHYSIOLOGI-
CALLY ACTIVE DEGRADATION PRODUCTS ...1.0089
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF PASTURE MOSQUITOES
...2.0008
EVALUATION OF NEW INSECTICIDES ...2.0015
SUPPRESSION AND ECOLOGY OF MOSQUITOES ...2.0018
INSECT CHEMOSTERILANTS ...2.0049
BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF INSECT CONTROL AGENTS
...2.0050
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF MOSQUITOES, SAND FLIES,
AND GNATS OF WESTERN U.S. ...2.0079
WEED CONTROL IN RICE PRODUCTION ...2.0097
WEED CONTROL IN RICE PRODUCTION ...2.0098
WEED CONTROL IN CITRICULTURE ...2.0123
THE USE OF FLAME FOR CONTROLLING WEEDS AND
BRUSH ...2.0136
SOUAWFISH STUDIES-ST. JOE RJVER, IDAHO ...2.0196
FISH TOXICANT STUDIES ...2.0232
THE EFFICACY OF MONSANTO NO. 51294 AS A FISH TOXI-
CANT (LABORATORY) ...2.0243
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF SNAILS ...2.0268
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF TERRESTIAL MOLLUSKS
...2.0289
THE CONTROL OF SLUGS ...2.0294
EFFECT OF PRETREATMENT MOLDING OF SOUTHERN PINE
ON THE PERMANENCE OF THE PRESERVATIVE IN SEA-
WATER EXPOSURE ...2.0295
CONTROL OF VIBRIOSIS IN SALMON ...3.0117
EXPERIMENTAL REARING OF SALMON AND STEELHEAD
IN BRACKISH WATER IMPOUNDMENTS ...3.0119
CHEMOTHERAPY OF FISH DISEASES ...3.0127
DEVELOPMENT OF AN ORALLY EFFECTIVE INSECT REPEL-
LENT ...4.0051
LIFE HISTORY OF ST. JOE RIVER CUTTHROAT TROUT
...4.0077
Petroleum Cpds. -nonspecific
DEVELOPMENT OF TILLAGE-REPLACING HERBICIDE
SYSTEMS ...1.0196
INFLUENCE OF PROTOZOAN ACTIVITY ON HALOGENATED
HYDROCARBON RESIDUES INTERACTION BETWEEN
MICROORGANISMS AND PESTICIDES ...1.0349
EFFECT OF MOSQUITO CONTROL CHEMICALS ON
AQUATIC FAUNA ...2.0003
SUPPRESSION AND ECOLOGY OF MOSQUITOES ...2.0018
INVESTIGATIONS OF PHEROMONES AS CHEMOSTERILANTS
FOR INSECTS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO SYNTHETIC
QUEN SUBSTANCE AND ITS ANALOGUES ...2.0021
MOSQUITO INVESTIGATIONS RESEARCH AND DEVELOP-
MENT ...2.0060
MOSQUITOES IN RELATION TO AGRICULTURAL PRODUC-
TION AND VETERINARY SCIENCE ...2.0062
AROMATIC SOLVENT AQUATIC HERBICIDES AND EMULSI-
FYING AGENT TESTING ...2.0107
BASIC PHYSIOLOGY OF AQUATIC WEEDS IN THE
SOUTHEAST ...2.0115
EVALUATION OF EFFECTS OF SATURATED HYDROCAR-
BONS ON PRESERVATIVE QUALITY OF CREOSOTE
...2.0267
Phosphorothioate Cpds.
EVALUATION OF NEW INSECTICIDES ...2.0015
Piscicides
Antimycin A
TOXICITY OF POLLUTANTS TO STRIPED BASS ...1.0251
THE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF VARIOUS LIFE STAGES OF FRESH-
WATER FISHES TO THREE TOXICANTS ...1.0279
STUDY ON THE EFFECTS OF FISH TOXICANTS ANTIMYCIN
A AND ROTENONE ON POND COMMUNITIES ...1.0366
RESTORING 'BALANCE' WITH ROTENONE AND FINTROL
...2.0194
EXPERIMENTATION WITH FINTROL AS A FISH TOXICANT
IN DEEP, SOFT-WATER LAKES ...2.0213
EXPERIMENTATION WITH FINTROL AS A FISH TOXICANT
IN DEEP SOFTWATER LAKES ...2.0216
PISCICIDE TOXICOLOGY OF THE CYPRINIDS IN EAST AND
WEST PAULINA LAKES ...2.0228
EVALUATE FISH TOXICANTS (SUNSET LAKE SEGMENT)
...2.0229
2-120
-------
SUBJECT INDEX
Pesticides
EVALUATE FISH TOXICANT (ANTIMYCIN) (EAGLE LAKE
SEGMENT) ...2.0230
SELECTIVE REMOVAL OF VARIOUS FISH SPECIES WITH AN-
TIMYCIN ...2.0240
INTENSIVE SCREENING OF POTENTIAL FISH CONTROL
AGENTS - POTENTIATION OF ANTIMYCIN ...2.0241
THE EFFICACY AND PERSISTENCE OF FORMULATIONS OF
ANTIMYCIN ...2.0244
THE EFFICACY OF NEW FORMULATIONS OF ANTIMYCIN IN
NATURAL LAKES AND STREAMS ...2.0246
ESTABLISH MINIMUM DOSES OF ANTIMYCIN AND
ROTENONE NEEDED FOR TOTAL KILLS OF TARGET
FISHES ...2.0247
EFFECTS OF FISH CONTROL ACTS ON BLOOD CHEM & HE-
MATOPOIETIC TISSUE OF FISH. EFFECTS OF ANTIMYCIN
A. ON ACID-BASE BALANCE IN BLOOD OF FISH ...2.0260
THE EFFECTS OF ANTIMYCIN A ON THE METABOLISM OF
SELECTED TISSUES IN FISH (ABBREV) ...2.0262
CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION OF BIOLOGICALLY IMPOR-
TANT NATURAL PRODUCTS ...2.0265
REFINEMENT OF MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES FOR
STREAM TROUT LAKES ...3.0035
RENOVATION OF TROUT STREAMS ...4.0076
REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY AND EARLY LIFE HISTORY OF
CYPRINIDS IN EAST AND PAULINA LAKES ...4.0083
MS 222
PHYSIOLOGIC RESPONSE OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS TO
POLLUTANTS ...1.0260
STUDIES OF SHARK REPELLENTS AND OTHER ANTISHARK
MEASURES ...2.0191
EFFECT OF ANESTHESIA ON THE BLOOD CHEMISTRY OF
FISHES ...2.0234
RESIDUES OF MS-222 IN FISH ...2.0236
THE EFFICACY OF QUINALDINE SULFATE MS-222 AS AN
ANESTHETIC FOR FISH IN THE LABORATORY - WARM
SPRINGS ...2.0239
ROUTE(S) OF EXCRETION OF QUINALDINE SULFATE. A
FISH ANESTHETIC ...2.0249
METABOLISM AND EXCRETION OF TFM ...2.0251
INVESTIGATION OF HANDLING TECHNIQUES ...3.0111
TOXICITY OF THERAPEUTIC AGENTS TO STRIPED BASS
...3.0112
Piscicides -nonspecific
DEVELOPMENT OF ON-SITE BIOASSAY METHODS ...1.0108
EXPERIMENTAL USE OF PESTICIDES FOR FISHERIES
MANAGEMENT PURPOSES ...2.0189
SOUAWFISH STUDIES-ST. JOE RIVER, IDAHO ...2.0196
SEA LAMPREY CONTROL LAKE MICHIGAN CHEMICAL
CONTROL ...2.0203
SEA LAMPREY CONTROL LAKE HURON CHEMICAL CON-
TROL ...2.0204
LAKE SUPERIOR CHEMICAL CONTROL OF SEA LAMPREY
...2.0205
SEA LAMPREY CONTROL - AGE AND GROWTH STUDIES
...2.0206
SEA LAMPREY CONTROL - REESTABLISHMENT STUDIES
...2.0207
SEA LAMPREY CONTROL - ASSESSMENT METHODS ...2.0208
BIOLOGY OF THE LARVAL SEA LAMPREY ...2.0210
BIOASSAY ...2.0211
EXPERIMENTAL ESTABLISHMENT OF MONOSPECIFIC WAL-
LEYE POPULATIONS AS A MANAGEMENT MEASURE FOR
SMALL WARMWATER LAKES IN NORTHERN MINNESOTA
...2.0214
FISH TOXICANT STUDIES ...2.0232
U.V. SPECTROPHOTOMETRY FOR THE IDENTIFICATION
AND ESTIMATION OF QUINALDINE RESIDUE ...2.0237
THE EFFICACY OF MONSANTO NO. 51294 AS A FISH TOXI-
CANT (LABORATORY) ...2.0243
STATIC BIOASSAY OF REPRODUCTIVE CONTROLS AGAINST
FISH AND INVERTEBRATES ...2.0256
POST-IMPROVEMENT LIMNOLOGICAL-ANALYSES AND
FISH-POPULATION EVALUATIONS OF CERTAIN STRIP-
MINE LAKES IN SOUTHEAST KANSAS ...4.0078
Quinaldine
STUDIES OF SHARK REPELLENTS AND OTHER ANTISHARK
MEASURES ...2.0191
U.V. SPECTROPHOTOMETRY FOR THE IDENTIFICATION
AND ESTIMATION OF QUINALDINE RESIDUE ...2.0237
THE EFFICACY OF QUINALDINE SULFATE - MS-222 AS AN
ANESTHETIC FOR FISH IN THE LABORATORY - WARM
SPRINGS ...2.0239
ROUTE(S) OF EXCRETION OF QUINALDINE SULFATE, A
FISH ANESTHETIC ...2.0249
TOXICITY OF THERAPEUTIC AGENTS TO STRIPED BASS
...3.0112
Rotenone
PESTICIDE MOBILITY AND DEGRADATION IN SOIL-WATER
SYSTEMS ...1.0034
TOXICITY OF POLLUTANTS TO STRIPED BASS ...1.0251
PHYSIOLOGIC RESPONSE OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS TO
POLLUTANTS ... 1.0260
STUDY ON THE EFFECTS OF FISH TOXICANTS ANTIMYCIN
A AND ROTENONE ON POND COMMUNITIES ...1.0366
RESTORING 'BALANCE' WITH ROTENONE AND FINTROL
...2.0194
SURVIVAL AND GROWTH OF KOKANEE AND COHO SAL-
MON IN ANDERSON RANCH RESERVIOR ...2.0197
ROTENOIDS FROM TEPHROSIA VOGELII ...2.0198
EXPERIMENTAL RESTORATION OF THE GILA TROUT
...2.0218
DEVELOPMENT OF ACCURATE CHEMICAL INTRODUCTION
TECHNIQUES ...2.0223
TIME-CONCENTRATION TESTS INVOLVING NEUTRALIZA-
TION OF ROTENONE WITH POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE
...2.0224
NEUTRALIZATION OF ROTENONE WITH ACTIVATED CHAR-
COAL ...2.0225
THE TOXICITY AND DETOXIFICATION OF THE ROTENONE
FORMULATIONS USED IN FISH MANAGEMENT ...2.0226
AN EVALUATION OF TECHNIQUES TO MANAGE SMALL IM-
POUNDMENTS IN OHIO ...2.0227
PISCICIDE TOXICOLOGY OF THE CYPRINIDS IN EAST AND
WEST PAULINA LAKES ...2.0228
TFM
RESIDUES OF TFM IN FISH-LA CROSSE ...1.0315
THE DEVELOPMENT OF ANALYTICAL METHODS CAPABLE
OF MEASURING TFM RESIDUES IN FISH, WATER, AND
OTHER COMPLEX SUBSTRATES ...2.0238
IN VIVO AND IN VITRO STUDIES ON THE MODE OF ACTION
OF TFM ...2.0250
METABOLISM AND EXCRETION OF TFM ...2.0251
THE EFFECTS OF TFM ON THE BLOOD CHEMISTRY OF
FISHES ...2.0252
Plant Antibiotic
Terramycin
EXPERIMENTAL REARING OF SALMON AND STEELHEAD
IN BRACKISH WATER IMPOUNDMENTS ...3.0119
Repellents
Deet
ATTRACTIVENESS AND REPELLENCY OF MAN TO
MOSQUITO BITES ...4.0041
Tributyltinacetate
METHOD OF KILLING ONCOMELANIA & AQUATIC SNAIL
VECTORS OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS ...2.0285
Triazines -nonspecific
ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR PESTICIDES IN SOIL AND
WATER ...1.0018
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS OF PESTICIDE USAGE
...1.0038
CHARACTERIZATION OF SURFACES OF CRYSTALLINE AND
AMORPHOUS SOIL COLLOIDS ...1.0042
ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR PESTICIDES AND PESTICIDE
DEGRADATION PRODUCTS .1.0088
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS OF PESTICIDE USAGE
...1.0334
2-121
-------
Pesticides
SUBJECT INDEX
CONTROL OF WEEDS IN AQUATIC AND NONCROP AREAS
IN THE UPPER MISSOURI RIVER BASIN ...2.0160
Uracils -nonspecific
CONTROL METHODS FOR JUNIPERS, SHRUB LIVE OAK,
AND ASSOCIATED WEEDS ...1.0004
Wood Preservatives
EVALUATION OF EFFECTS OF SATURATED HYDROCAR-
BONS ON PRESERVATIVE QUALITY OF CREOSOTE
...2.0267
EFFECT OF PRETREATMENT MOLDING OF SOUTHERN PINE
ON THE PERMANENCE OF THE PRESERVATIVE IN SEA-
WATER EXPOSURE ...2.0295
Creosote
EVALUATION OF EFFECTS OF SATURATED HYDROCAR-
BONS ON PRESERVATIVE QUALITY OF CREOSOTE
...2.0267
EFFECT OF PRETREATMENT MOLDING OF SOUTHERN PINE
ON THE PERMANENCE OF THE PRESERVATIVE IN SEA-
WATER EXPOSURE ...2.0295
MARINE PILING ANALYSIS ...2.0296
Petroleum
OYSTER DISEASE MORTALITY ALONG THE CALIFORNIA
COAST ...3.0022
ETIOLOGY OF ESTUARINE FISH DISEASES ...3.0040
USE OF CELL CULTURE METHODS TO ATTEMPT TO FOL-
LOW DEVELOPING STAGES OF SPORES ...3.0062
THE EFFECT OF POLLUTION ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF LPP
PHYCO-VIRUSES IN RELATION TO POLLUTION OF THE
CHRISTINA RIVER ...4.0004
TOXIC SUBSTANCES AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF
HYACINTHS AND OTHER WATER PLANTS ...4.0005
AN INVESTIGATION OF THE CAUSES, EFFECTS, AND CON-
TROL OF EUTROPHICATION IN MAINE LAKES ...4.0011
BIOLOGIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL OF EURASIAN
MILFOIL (MYRIOPHYLLUM SPICATUM L.) IN CHES-
APEAKE BAY ...4.0012
ECOLOGY OF SELECTED SUBMERSED AQUATIC WEEDS
...4.0024
WATER QUALITY REQUIREMENTS OF AQUATIC INSECTS
...4.0066
POST-IMPROVEMENT L1MNOLOGICAL-ANALYSES AND
FISH-POPULATION EVALUATIONS OF CERTAIN STRIP-
MINE LAKES IN SOUTHEAST KANSAS ...4.0078
Phenols
A STUDY PROGRAM TO IDENTIFY PROBLEMS RELATED TO
OCEANIC ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY NORTH ATLAN-
TIC ...1.0140
A STUDY PROGRAM TO IDENTIFY PROBLEMS RELATED TO
OCEANIC ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY NORTH ATLAN-
TIC ...1.0158
pH -water
PROPERTIES OF TILE DRAINAGE WATER ...1.0045
FATE OF PESTICIDES ...1.0064
SOILS, PESTICIDES, AND THE QUALITY OF WATER ...1.0103
AN INVESTIGATION INTO RECREATIONAL WATER QUALI-
TY CRITERIA ...1.0117
UPPER ST. JOHNS RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY, FLORIDA
...1.0134
EFFECTS OF CHEMICAL IMPURITIES IN WATER DISINFEC-
TION BY HALOGENS ...1.0155
ADSORPTION OF PESTICIDES FROM SEA WATER ...1.0159
QUALITY OF STORM WATER DRAINAGE FROM URBAN
LAND AREAS IN NORTH CAROLINA ...1.0187
PHYSIOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR OF LARVAE (PHYSIOECOLO-
GY OF SHELLFISH PROGRAM) ...1.0236
STATIC BIOASSAY OF TRACERS AND DYES AGAINST FISH
AND INVERTEBRATES ...1.0316
ALGAL FOODS OF SHELLFISH (MICROORGANISMS AFFECT-
ING SHELLFISH PROGRAM) ...1.0326
AN EVALUATION OF WIDELY USED HERBICIDES ON
AQUATIC PLANTS, FISH AND FISH-FOOD ORGANISMS
...1.0343
INFLUENCE OF PESTICIDES & OTHER HYDROCARBONS ON
GROWTH OF EURYTOLERANT MICROALGAE ...2.0148
THE ROLE OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF
NUISANCE GROWTHS ...2.0174
PISCICIDE TOXICOLOGY OF THE CYPRINIDS IN EAST AND
WEST PAULINA LAKES ...2.0228
EVALUATE FISH TOXICANTS (SUNSET LAKE SEGMENT)
...2.0229
EVALUATE FISH TOXICANT (ANTIMYCIN) (EAGLE LAKE
SEGMENT) ...2.0230
STATIC BIOASSAY OF TOXICANTS AGAINST FISH AND IN-
VERTEBRATES ...2.0255
STATIC BIOASSAY OF REPRODUCTIVE CONTROLS AGAINST
FISH AND INVERTEBRATES ...2.0256
STATIC BIOASSAY OF COLLECTING AIDS AGAINST FISH
...2.0257
STATIC BIOASSAY OF ATTRACTANTS AND REPELLANTS
AGAINST FISH AND INVERTEBRATES ...2.0258
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF MCN-JR-7464 AS AN ANESTHETIC
FOR SELECTED SPECIES OF FISH (ABBREV) ...2.0261
PATHOLOGY OF AEROMONAS LIQUIFACIENS IN CHANNEL
CATFISH ...3.0013
CONTROL OF HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL SPILLS BY PHYSI-
CAL BARRIERS ...1.0086
ENZYMES FOR ANALYSIS AND PURIFICATION OF SALINE
WATER SYSTEMS ...1.0153
GROUND AND SURFACE WATERS - POLLUTION ...1.0182
DEEPWATER PILOT PLANT-ENGINEERING AND INTERCEP-
TOR FEASIBILITY ...1.0183
Pheromones
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF MOSQUITOES IN IRRIGATED
AND WATER MANAGEMENT AREAS ...2.0011
EVALUATION OF NEW INSECTICIDES ...2.0015
SUPPRESSION AND ECOLOGY OF MOSQUITOES ...2.0018
INVESTIGATIONS OF PHEROMONES AS CHEMOSTERILANTS
FOR INSECTS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO SYNTHETIC
QUEN SUBSTANCE AND ITS ANALOGUES ...2.0021
INSECT ATTRACTANTS, BEHAVIOR AND BASIC BIOLOGY
...2.0030
BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF INSECT CONTROL AGENTS
...2.0050
ACTION MECHANISMS OF INSECTICIDAL DERIVATIVES
...2.0089
THE USE OF PHEROMONES BY CARP, CYPRINUS CARPIO-
RESEARCH ...2.0217
CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC CONTROL OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS BY
HORMONES ...2.0266
GENETICS AND REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY OF AEDES
MOSQUITOES ...4.0055
Phosphine
INSECT CHEMOSTERILANTS ...2.0049
Phosphorous
SOILS, PESTICIDES, AND THE QUALITY OF WATER ...1.0103
INSECT CHEMOSTERILANTS ...2.0049
Phosphate
FLUORESCENT PROBES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEW
ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR WATER POLLUTION
...1.0137
ATOMIC ABSORPTION ANALYSIS OF PHOSPHATES IN
WATER ...1.0227
Phosphorus
PROPERTIES OF TILE DRAINAGE WATER ...1.0045
2-122
-------
SUBJECT INDEX
Physical Control
SOIL AND WATER MANAGEMENT FOR SALINITY CONTROL
- PHASE II ...1.0066
NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS, HERBICIDE MOVEMENT BY SOIL
WATER AND SOURCES OF CONTAMINATION ...1.0073
AN ECOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF STREAM EUTROPHICA-
TION ...1,0161
AGRICULTURAL CONTRIBUTIONS TO NUTRIENTS IN
WATER ...1.0186
CHEMICAL AND SEDIMENT MOVEMENT FROM AGRICUL-
TURAL LAND INTO LAKE ERIE ...1.0191
CHEMICAL AND SEDIMENT MOVEMENT FROM AGRICUL-
TURAL LAND INTO LAKE ERIE ...1.0192
QUANTIFICATION OF POLLUTANTS IN AGRICULTURAL RU-
NOFF ...1.0204
MINERAL IMBALANCE IN BLUEGILLS EXPOSED TO
MALATHION PESTICIDE-INDUCED MINERAL IMBALANCE
IN FISH . .1.0292
DYNAMICS OF ALGAE POPULATIONS IN FARM FISH PONDS
...2.0094
GROWTH REGULATORS AND MINERAL NUTRITION IN
AQUATIC PLANT CONTROL ...2.0134
CHEMICAL CONTROL OF AQUATIC WEED NUISANCES
...2.0185
INTERACTIONS BETWEEN AQUATIC PLANTS AND SEWAGE
EFFLUENT ...4.0001
THE EFFECT OF POLLUTION ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF LPP
PHYCO-VIRUSES IN RELATION TO POLLUTION OF THE
CHRISTINA RIVER 4.0004
THE ECOLOGY OF SELECTED SUBMERSED AQUATIC
WEEDS ...4.0014
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN WATER QUALITY AND PLANT
GROWTH IN PONDS ...4.0019
THE ECOLOGY OF SELECTED SUBMERSED AQUATIC
WEEDS . .4.0020
Phosphates
BEHAVIOR OF PESTICIDES AND POLLUTANTS IN SOIL,
WATER, AND PLANTS ...1.00S3
EFFECTS OF CHEMICAL IMPURITIES IN WATER DISINFEC-
TION BY HALOGENS ...1.0155
LOSSES OF FERTILIZERS AND PESTICIDES IN RUNOFF ERO-
SION ...1.0178
FERTILIZERS AND SEDIMENTS AS WATER POLLUTANTS
...1.0179
QUALITY OF STORM WATER DRAINAGE FROM URBAN
LAND AREAS IN NORTH CAROLINA ...1.0187
ATOMIC ABSORPTION ANALYSIS OF PHOSPHATES IN
WATER ...1.0227
PESTICIDE EFFECTS ON FISH ENDOCRINE FUNCTIONS
...1.0269
NUISANCE ALGAL GROWTH RELATED TO ENVIRONMEN-
TAL FACTORS ...2.0180
MASS MORTALITY OF PACIFIC OYSTERS ALONG THE
WASHINGTON COAST ...3.0082
A PROPOSAL TO STUDY PHOSPHATE INDUCED ALGAL
GROWTH IN ORDER TO SUPPRESS OR ELIMINATE THIS
PHENOMENA ...4.0021
EFFECTS OF EUTROPHICATION ON AQUATIC VEGETATION
- PHASE II ...4.0023
ECOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF THE DEVELOPMENT AND
FEEDING HABITS OF SIMULIUM SPP. (BLACK FLIES)
...4.0069
POST-IMPROVEMENT LIMNOLOGICAL-ANALYSES AND
FISH-POPULATION EVALUATIONS OF CERTAIN STRIP-
MINE LAKES IN SOUTHEAST KANSAS ...4.0078
Photography
Aerial Photography
QUANTIFICATION OF POLLUTANTS IN AGRICULTURAL RU-
NOFF ...1.0204
Photolysis
SOILS, PESTICIDES, AND THE QUALITY OF WATER ...1.0103
PHOTOCHEMICAL METHODS FOR PURIFYING WATER
...1.0115
Photoperiod
MODE OF ACTION OF INSECTICIDES AS RELATED TO IN-
SECT METABOLISM AND BEHAVIOR . .1.0266
DEVELOPMENT AND BEHAVIOR OF BITING DIPTERA
...2.0023
EMERGENCY INSECT CONTROL ...2.0076
MUCUS & FRESHWATER OSMOREGULATION IN
ANADROMOUS FISHES & RELATIONSHIPS TO MORTALI-
TIES IN THE ALEWIFE ...3.0106
ANATOMICAL, PHYSIOLOGICAL AND ECOLOGICAL STU-
DIES ON MYRIOPHYLLUM SPICATIU ...4.0013
THE ECOLOGY OF SELECTED SUBMERSED AQUATIC
WEEDS ...4.0020
ECOLOGY OF SELECTED SUBMERSED AQUATIC WEEDS
4.0024
BIONOMICS OF SELECTED NORTH AMERICAN CULICINE
MOSQUITOES ...4.0054
PHOTOPERIOD AND TEMPERATURE EFFECTS ON
DIAPAUSE OF THE MOSQUITO CULISETA INORNATA
...4.0074
Long Day
THE ECOLOGY OF SELECTED SUBMERSED AQUATIC
WEEDS ...4.0014
Photosensitizer
PHOTOCHEMICAL METHODS FOR PURIFYING WATER
...1.0115
Phreatophytes
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL TAMARISK AND OTHER
PHREATOPHYTES ...2.0164
CONTROL OF AQUATIC AND NONCROPLAND WEEDS IN
WYOMING, COLORADO, AND NEBRASKA ...2.0187
Physical Control
Bait Traps
ECOLOGICAL STUDIES OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT PRAC-
TICES ...1.0327
BIOLOGY ECOLOGY AND CONTROL OF INSECTS TICKS
AND MITES WHICH ATTACK LIVESTOCK, POULTRY AND
HOUSEHOLD ...2.0040
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF MOSQUITOES, SAND FLIES,
AND GNATS OF WESTERN U.S. ...2.0079
FEEDING HABITS OF MOSQUITO LARVAE ...4.0034
Barriers & Weirs
EXPERIMENTAL RESTORATION OF THE GILA TROUT
...2.0218
Burning or Flaming
CONTROL METHODS FOR JUNIPERS, SHRUB LIVE OAK,
AND ASSOCIATED WEEDS ...1.0004
THE USE OF FLAME FOR CONTROLLING WEEDS AND
BRUSH 2.0136
FOREST AND FARM GAME HABITAT; FISH POND ...2.0143
IMPROVING SURFACE WATER CONDITIONS THROUGH
CONTROL AND DISPOSAL OF AQUATIC VEGETATION
...2.0182
Colors
DEVELOPMENT AND BEHAVIOR OF BITING DIPTERA
...2.0023
INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS ...2.0081
Electrical
INVESTIGATION OF HANDLING TECHNIQUES ...3.0111
Geometric Surface Patterns
INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS ...2.0081
2-123
465-868 O - 72 - 19
-------
Physical Control
SUBJECT INDEX
Habitat Manipulation
INSECTICIDE AND NON-CHEMICAL CONTROL OF
MOSQUITOES ...2.0025
BIOLOGY AND WATER MANAGEMENT STUDIES FOR CON-
TROL OF LOUISIANA MOSQUITOES (RICE FIELDS)
.2.0044
BIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL FACTORS INFLUENCING
THE DEVELOPMENT OF LARVAL MOSQUITO POPULA-
TIONS ...2.0052
MOSQUITO INVESTIGATIONS RESEARCH AND DEVELOP-
MENT ...2.0060
MOSQUITO CONTROL - TIDAL MARSHES ...2.0063
WATER MANAGEMENT IN MOSQUITO IMPOUNDMENTS
...2.0064
MOSQUITO CONTROL IN UPLAND SWAMPS ...2.0065
CONTROLLING MOSQUITOES ON HAYING MEADOWS
...2.0066
EFFECTS OF MOSQUITO CONTROL DITCHING ON HIGH
SALT MARSHES IN NORTH CAROLINA, PHASE 1 ...2.0073
EFFECTS OF MOSQUITO CONTROL DITCHING ON HIGH
SALT MARSHES IN NORTH CAROLINA ...2.0075
EFFECT OF CONTROLLING SALT-MARSH MOSQUITOES
.2.0082
AQUATIC PLANT CONTROL ...2.0128
EVALUATION OF POND CONDITIONS FOLLOWING FER-
TILIZATION ...2.0153
CONTROL OF UNDESIRABLE AQUATIC VEGETATION IN
LAKE TANEYCOMO, MISSOURI ...2.0154
WATERLEVEL MANAGEMENT ON IMPOUNDMENTS OF
LOW QUALITY SOILS ...2.0163
EUTROPHICATION EFFECT OF FLOW AUGMENTATION
..2.0168
EUTROPHICATION PHYSICAL ECOLOGICAL CONTROL
...2.0171
NUISANCE ALGAL GROWTH RELATED TO ENVIRONMEN-
TAL FACTORS ...2.0180
BIOLOGICAL AND LIMNOLOGICAL INVENTORY OF SEVEN
FLOOD CONTROL RESERVOIRS IN THE STATE OF INDI-
ANA ...2.0199
ECOLOGY OF SELECTED SUBMERSED AQUATIC WEEDS
4.0024
EUTROPHICATION OF SHELTERED BAYS IN A LARGE LAKE
...4.0029
Light Traps
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF MOSQUITOES IN CENTRAL AND
NORTHERN CALIFORNIA ...2.0006
INSECTICIDE AND NON-CHEMICAL CONTROL OF
MOSQUITOES ...2.0025
INSECT ATTRACTANTS, BEHAVIOR AND BASIC BIOLOGY
...2.0030
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF MOSQUITOES, SAND FLIES,
AND GNATS FOR PUBLIC AND MILITARY PROGRAMS
.2.0033
BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY OF SALT-MARSH MOSQUITOES
OF LOUISIANA ...2.0042
BIOLOGY AND WATER MANAGEMENT STUDIES FOR CON-
TROL OF LOUISIANA MOSQUITOES (RICE FIELDS)
...2.0044
BIOLOGICAL AND SYSTEMATIC STUDIES ON AQUATIC
ARTHROPODS ...2.0054
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF ARTHROPOD PESTS OF
LIVESTOCK ...2.0057
DYNAMICS, BEHAVIOR AND IMPACT OF ECONOMIC IN-
SECTS ...4.0053
OCCURRENCE AND BIONOMICS OF BLOODSUCKING
MIDGES (D1PTERA CERATOPOGONIDAE) IN IOWA
...4.0056
MOSQUITOES AS VECTORS OF LIVESTOCK DISEASES
4.0065
ENTOMOLOGY DEVELOPMENT OF A LIGHTWEIGHT TRAP
FOR COLLECTION OF MOSQUITOES FOR VIRUS ISOLA-
TION ...4.0071
Mechanical Control
AQUATIC WEED CONTROL RESEARCH ...2.0100
WEED CONTROL IN IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE SYSTEMS
FOREST AND FARM GAME HABITAT; FISH POND ...2.0143
AQUATIC PLANT CONTROL - EQUIPMENT FOR MECHANI-
CAL AND CHEMICAL DESTRUCTION ...2.0147
WEED CONTROL IN RICE FIELDS AND PASTURE LANDS IN
THE GULF COAST AREA ...2.0176
IMPROVING SURFACE WATER CONDITIONS THROUGH
CONTROL AND DISPOSAL OF AQUATIC VEGETATION,
PHASE II ...2.0181
IMPROVING SURFACE WATER CONDITIONS THROUGH
CONTROL AND DISPOSAL OF AQUATIC VEGETATION
...2.0182
CHANGES IN WATER ENVIRONMENT RESULTING FROM
AQUATIC PLANT CONTROL ...2.0183
Physcontrol -other
CONTROL OF AQUATIC WEEDS BY USE OF N2-CO2-HE
LASER SYSTEMS ...2.0091
ALGAE CONTROL BY ARTIFICIAL MIXING IN LAKE
COCHITUATE ...2.0149
Radiation
INSECT RESISTANCE TO, AND THE GENETIC MECHANISM
OF CHEMICAL CONTROL AGENTS ...2.0029
CONTROL OF MYXOSOMA CEREBRALIS AND OTHER CAR-
TILAGINOUS MYXOSPORIDA FILTRATION AND UL-
TRAVIOLET IRRADIATION ...3.0129
Steel Traps
EVALUATION OF WATERFOWL PREDATOR CONTROL
METHODS ...2.0272
Traps -other
ECOLOGICAL STUDIES OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT PRAC-
TICES ...1.0327
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF PASTURE MOSQUITOES
...2.0008
TESTING ADULT ATTRACTION DEVICES AND
CHEMOSTERILANTS FOR TABANID FLY CONTROL
...2.0024
SEA LAMPREY CONTROL AGE AND GROWTH STUDIES
...2.0206
Ultrasonic
EFFECT OF ULTRASONIC ENERGY ON AQUATIC PLANTS
...2.0096
Physical Water Properties
ESTUARINE ECOSYSTEMS ..1.0128
EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON ESTUARINE PRODUCTIVITY
1.0133
WATERSHED ANALYSIS RELATING TO EUTROPHICATION
OF LAKE MICHIGAN ...1.0162
EUTROPHICATION EFFECT OF FLOW AUGMENTATION
...2.0168
DEVELOPMENT OF RHODAMINE-B DYE TO TRACE FLOW
AND DISPERSION PATTERNS IN STREAMS AS AN AD-
JUNCT TO TREATING STREAMS WITH FISH-CONTROL
CHEMICALS ...2.0245
OCCURRENCE OF FILAMENTOUS SLIMES ORGANISMS
BELOW OUTFALLS ...4.0009
POST-IMPROVEMENT LIMNOLOGICAL-ANALYSES AND
FISH-POPULATION EVALUATIONS OF CERTAIN STRIP-
MINE LAKES IN SOUTHEAST KANSAS ...4.0078
Phytotoxicity
...2.0104
RESPROUTING OF CHAPARRAL ...1.0017
SOILS, PESTICIDES AND THE QUALITY OF WATER .1.0065
BEHAVIOR OF SPECIFIC HERBICIDES IN PLANTS AND SOILS
.1.0081
PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF PERSISTENCE AND
MOVEMENT OF HERBICIDES IN SOIL ...1.0O90
INACTIVATION AND LOSS OF PESTICIDES FROM SOIL
...1.0097
CONTROL OF AQUATIC WEEDS ...2.0113
2-124
-------
SUBJECT INDEX
Plant Characteristics
ALGACIDES FOR USE IN WATER RECLAMATION AND
REUSE SYSTEMS ...2.0177
CONTROL OF WEEDS IN AQUATIC AND NONCROP AREAS
IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST ...2.0178
Piezometry
EFFECT OF ULTRASONIC ENERGY ON AQUATIC PLANTS
...2.0096
Pigments, Plant -nonspecific
EUTROPHICATION
...2.0168
EFFECT OF FLOW AUGMENTATION
Pilot Plants
PHOTOCHEMICAL METHODS FOR PURIFYING WATER
...1.0115
DEVELOPMENT OF TREATMENT PROCESS FOR
CHLORINATED HYDROCARBON PESTICIDE MANUFAC-
TURING AND PROCESSING WASTES ...1.0118
DEEPWATER PILOT PLANT-ENGINEERING AND INTERCEP-
TOR FEASIBILITY ...1.0183
DEEPWATER PILOT PLANT ENGINEERING AND INTERCEP-
TOR FEASIBILITY STUDY ...1.0184
EUTROPHICATION - PILOT OPERATIONS ...2.0172
Pipelines
INVESTIGATIONS OF ALGAE INHIBITING MATERIALS
...2.0106
AQUATIC PEST CONTROL ...2.0112
Plankton
Phytoplankton
GREEN BAY RESEARCH PROGRAM ...1.0112
LIMNOLOGICAL FACTORS AFFECTING PESTICIDE
RESIDUES IN SURFACE WATERS ...1.0149
THE EFFECT OF PESTICIDES ON PRIMARY PRODUCERS IN
A FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEM ...1.0350
DYNAMICS OF ALGAE POPULATIONS IN FARM FISH PONDS
..2.0094
EUTROPHICATION EFFECT OF FLOW AUGMENTATION
...2.0168
EUTROPHICATION EFFECT OF WEED HARVESTING
...2.0169
MASS MORTALITY OF PACIFIC OYSTERS ALONG THE
WASHINGTON COAST ...3.0082
INTERACTIONS BETWEEN AQUATIC PLANTS AND SEWAGE
EFFLUENT ...4.0001
RESEARCH IN LIMNOLOGY INTERRELATIONS OF
HYDROLOGY AND AQUATIC ECOLOGY ...4.0002
PHYTOPLANKTON NUTRITION AND PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN
EUTROPHIC LAKES ...4.0016
A STUDY OF ALGAL POPULATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH DIF-
FERENT LEVELS OF WATER QUALITY IN NEW
HAMPSHIRE ...4.0018
EFFECTS OF EUTROPHICATION ON AQUATIC VEGETATION
- PHASE II ...4.0023
ECOLOGY OF SELECTED SUBMERSED AQUATIC WEEDS
...4.0024
NUTRIENT DYNAMICS IN AN ARTIFICIALLY ENRICHED
LAKE ...4.0025
EUTROPHICATION OF SHELTERED BAYS IN A LARGE LAKE
...4.0029
Plankton -nonspecific
OCCURRENCE OF PESTICIDES IN AQUATIC ENVIRON-
MENTS ...1.0219
CHLORINATED ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS IN THE MIL-
WAUKEE RIVER ...1.0226
THE FATE AND EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES IN THE AQUATIC
ENVIRONMENT OF THE FLATHEAD LAKE DRAINAGE
AREA ...1.0297
ACCUMULATION OF PESTICIDES IN MENHADEN ...1.0299
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS OF PESTICIDE USAGE
...1.0334
CHEMICAL CONTROL OF WEEDS IN PONDS ...2.0093
ECOLOGY AND BIOCONTROL OF AQUATIC WEEDS IN THE
SOUTHEAST ...2.0117
DETERMINATION OF THE EFFECTS OF A FERTILIZER-IN-
DUCED PLANKTON TURBIDITY, SUPPLEMENTED BY HER-
BICIDES. ON SUBMERGED AQUATIC PLANTS ...2.0137
LIMNOLOGICAL, ICHTHYOLOGICAL, AND PARASITOLOGI-
CAL INVESTIGATIONS ON ARKANSAS RESERVOIRS IN
RELATION TO WATER QUALITY ...3.0019
ENVIRONMENTAL STUDY ...3.0030
LAKE SUPERIOR PERIPHYTON IN RELATION TO WATER
QUALITY ...4.0017
POST-IMPROVEMENT LIMNOLOGICAL-ANALYSES AND
FISH-POPULATION EVALUATIONS OF CERTAIN STRIP-
MINE LAKES IN SOUTHEAST KANSAS ...4.0078
Zooplankton
A STUDY PROGRAM TO IDENTIFY PROBLEMS RELATED TO
OCEANIC ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY NORTH ATLAN-
TIC ...1.0140
A STUDY PROGRAM TO IDENTIFY PROBLEMS RELATED TO
OCEANIC ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY NORTH ATLAN-
TIC ...1.0158
EFFECTS OF WATER POLLUTION ON ZOOPLANKTON
...1.0207
FARM FISH POND MANAGEMENT ...1.0340
EVALUATION OF POND CONDITIONS FOLLOWING FER-
TILIZATION ...2.0153
EUTROPHICATION OF SHELTERED BAYS IN A LARGE LAKE
.4.0029
Plankton Sampling
A STUDY OF ALGAL POPULATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH DIF-
FERENT LEVELS OF WATER QUALITY IN NEW
HAMPSHIRE ...4.0018
STUDIES IN PHYSIOLOGY ECOLOGY AND LIFE HISTORIES
OF ALGAE ...4.0022
Planning
INSECTICIDE ADSORPTION BY LAKE SEDIMENTS AS A FAC-
TOR CONTROLLING INSECTICIDE ACCUMULATION IN
LAKES .1.0224
UTILIZATION AND MANAGEMENT OF COASTAL MARSHES
AND RESOURCES ..'.3.0029
INTER-DISCIPLINARY RESEARCH IN THE AREA OF THE
KANO PLAINS, WESTERN KENYA ...4.0059
LAKE ONTARIO INTERIM COMPREHENSIVE FISHERIES
MANAGEMENT PLAN ...4.0082
Plant Characteristics
Aesthetic
AN ECOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF STREAM EUTROPHICA-
TION ...1.0161
Age
LABORATORY STUDY OF AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTAL FAC-
TORS AND PLANT GROWTH STAGES ON AQUATIC WEED
GROWTH AND HERBICIDAL RESPONSE ...2.0111
Annual
DEVELOPMENT OF TILLAGE-REPLACING HERBICIDE
SYSTEMS ..1.0196
WEED CONTROL IN RICE PRODUCTION ...2.0097
WEED CONTROL IN RICE PRODUCTION ...2.0098
WEED CONTROL IN CITRICULTURE ...2.0123
FISH PRODUCTION AND GAME MANAGEMENT ON THE
IDLEWILD PLANTATION ...2.0142
2-125
-------
Plant Characteristics
SUBJECT INDEX
WEED CONTROL IN IRRIGATED HORTICULTURAL CROPS
IN WASHINGTON ...2.0179
Density
WATER YIELD IN THE CHAPARRAL AND WOODLAND
ZONE OF THE SOUTHWEST ...1.0005
Flowering
TOXIC SUBSTANCES AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF
HYACINTHS AND OTHER WATER PLANTS ...4.0005
ECOLOGY OF SELECTED SUBMERSED AQUATIC WEEDS
...4.0024
Germination
FACTORS INFLUENCING OCCURRENCE OF SELECTED
AQUATIC PLANTS IN RICE FIELDS ...2.0141
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF AQUATIC WEEDS ...2.0162
CONTROL OF WEEDS IN AQUATIC AND NONCROP AREAS
IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST ...2.0178
Growth Habit
STUDIES IN SOILS, CROPS, WATER MANAGEMENT AND
WEED CONTROL UNDER IRRIGATED CONDITIONS
...2.0159
Growth Rate
CHLORINATED PESTICIDES IN THE SOIL-WATER-PLANT
SYSTEM AND THEIR MANAGEMENT TO AVOID POLLU-
TION ...1.0024
ALGAL FOODS OF SHELLFISH (MICROORGANISMS AFFECT-
ING SHELLFISH PROGRAM) ...1.0326
EFFECT OF COPPER SULFATE ON AQUATIC WEEDS ...2.0108
LABORATORY STUDY OF AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTAL FAC-
TORS AND PLANT GROWTH STAGES ON AQUATIC WEED
GROWTH AND HERBICIDAL RESPONSE ...2.0111
CONTROL OF AQUATIC WEEDS ...2.0113
THE USE OF FLAME FOR CONTROLLING WEEDS AND
BRUSH ...2.0136
FACTORS INFLUENCING OCCURRENCE OF SELECTED
AQUATIC PLANTS IN RICE FIELDS ...2.0141
EXPANDED AQUATIC PLANT CONTROL PROJECT ...2.0146
INFLUENCE OF PESTICIDES & OTHER HYDROCARBONS ON
GROWTH OF EURYTOLERANT MICROALGAE ...2.0148
THE INFLUENCE OF HERBICIDES USED ON HORTICUL-
TURAL CROPS ON STREAM ECOLOGY ...2.0150
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF AQUATIC WEEDS ...2.0162
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL TAMARISK AND OTHER
PHREATOPHYTES ...2.0164
FACTORS CONTROLLING THE GROWTH OF THE AQUATIC
WEED SALVINIA ...2.0166
EUTROPHICATION PHYSICAL ECOLOGICAL CONTROL
...2.0171
THE ROLE OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF
NUISANCE GROWTHS ...2.0174
NUISANCE ALGAL GROWTH RELATED TO ENVIRONMEN-
TAL FACTORS ...2.0180
CHANGES IN WATER ENVIRONMENT RESULTING FROM
AQUATIC PLANT CONTROL ...2.0183
ENTOMOLOGICAL PESTS OF VEGETABLE CROPS ...2.0288
INTERACTIONS BETWEEN AQUATIC PLANTS AND SEWAGE
EFFLUENT ...4.0001
ANATOMICAL, PHYSIOLOGICAL AND ECOLOGICAL STU-
DIES ON MYR1OPHYLLUM SPICATIU ...4.0013
THE ECOLOGY OF SELECTED SUBMERSED AQUATIC
WEEDS ...4.0014
LAKE SUPERIOR PERIPHYTON IN RELATION TO WATER
QUALITY ...4.0017
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN WATER QUALITY AND PLANT
GROWTH IN PONDS ...4.0019
A PROPOSAL TO STUDY PHOSPHATE INDUCED ALGAL
GROWTH IN ORDER TO SUPPRESS OR ELIMINATE THIS
PHENOMENA ...4.0021
ECOLOGY OF SELECTED SUBMERSED AQUATIC WEEDS
...4.0024
Height
RESPONSE OF PLANT COMMUNITIES TO SUSTAINED USE
OF HERBICIDES ...2.0161
Maturity & Growth Stages
HERBICIDE RESIDUES IN IRRIGATION WATER AND IN
CROPS AND SOILS IRRIGATED WITH TREATED WATER
...1.0107
INSECTS ON FOREIGN AQUATIC WEEDS IN LOUISIANA
...2.0144
WEED CONTROL IN RICE FIELDS AND PASTURE LANDS IN
THE GULF COAST AREA ...2.0176
Number
ECOLOGY OF SELECTED SUBMERSED AQUATIC WEEDS
...4.0024
Perennial
PERSISTENCE, ACCUMULATION AND FATE OF PESTICIDES
IN CRANBERRY SOILS AND RESERVOIRS ...1.0055
DEVELOPMENT OF TILLAGE-REPLACING HERBICIDE
SYSTEMS ...1.0196
WEED CONTROL IN RICE PRODUCTION ...2.0097
WEED CONTROL IN RICE PRODUCTION ...2.0098
FISH PRODUCTION AND GAME MANAGEMENT ON THE
IDLEW1LD PLANTATION ...2.0142
WEED CONTROL IN IRRIGATED HORTICULTURAL CROPS
IN WASHINGTON ...2.0179
Processing
IMPROVING SURFACE WATER CONDITIONS THROUGH
CONTROL AND DISPOSAL OF AQUATIC VEGETATION,
PHASE II ...2.0181
Quality -nonspecific
WEED CONTROL IN RICE FIELDS AND PASTURE LANDS IN
THE GULF COAST AREA ...2.0176
ENTOMOLOGICAL PESTS OF VEGETABLE CROPS ...2.0288
Sex
REPRODUCTION & FUNGAL PARASITES AFFECTING
REPRODUCTION IN LOBSTER, HUMARUS AMERICANNA,
& BLUE CRAB CALLINECTES SAPIDUS, IN N.C. WATERS
...3.0115
Shape
EFFECT OF ULTRASONIC ENERGY ON AQUATIC PLANTS
...2.0096
Species, Comparison of
RESPROUTING OF CHAPARRAL ...1.0017
RESPONSE OF PLANT COMMUNITIES TO SUSTAINED USE
OF HERBICIDES ...2.0161
Taste & Flavor
ENTOMOLOGICAL PESTS OF VEGETABLE CROPS ...2.0288
Yield
PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF PERSISTENCE AND
MOVEMENT OF HERBICIDES IN SOIL ...1.0090
WEED CONTROL IN RICE FIELDS AND PASTURE LANDS IN
THE GULF COAST AREA ...2.0176
WEED CONTROL IN IRRIGATED HORTICULTURAL CROPS
IN WASHINGTON ...2.0179
ECOLOGY OF SELECTED SUBMERSED AQUATIC WEEDS
...4.0024
Plant Morphology Parameters
RELATIONSHIP OF PESTICIDES IN SOIL, WATER AND
PLANTS ...1.0057
Buds
EXPANDED AQUATIC PLANT CONTROL PROJECT ...2.0146
2-126
-------
SUBJECT INDEX
Plant Physiology
Leaves
REDUCTION OF RESIDUES OF 1NSECTICIDAL CHEMICALS
IN THE ENVIRONMENT ...1.0046
Mycelia
MODE OF ACTION, TOXICITY, AND FACTORS INFLUENC-
ING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF FUNGICIDES ...1.0082
SELECTED PESTICIDES IN AQUATIC FUNGI IN THE THREE
RIVERS AREA ...1.0345
Seeds
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF AQUATIC WEEDS ...2.0162
LIFE CYCLES OF ROTTBELLIA EXALTATA AND AM-
PHIBROMUS SCABRIVALVIS AND DEVELOPMENT OF
CONTROL MEASURES ...4.0010
Sporangia
CULTIVATION OF COELOMOMYCES, A FUNGAL PARASITE
OF MOSQUITOES ...2.0031
CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION OF BIOLOGICALLY IMPOR-
TANT NATURAL PRODUCTS ...2.0265
Spores
MODE OF ACTION, TOXICITY, AND FACTORS INFLUENC-
ING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF FUNGICIDES ...1.0082
Stems
Rhizomes
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF AQUATIC WEEDS ...2.0162
Sprout
RESPROUTING OF CHAPARRAL ...1.0017
Vascular
Phloen
CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION OF BIOLOGICALLY IMPOR-
TANT NATURAL PRODUCTS ...2.0265
Plant Pathology
Biological Control
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF WATER WEEDS WITH PLANT
PATHOGENS ...2.0121
Dutch Elm Disease
INSECTICIDES AND EGG-SHELL DEPOSITION ...1.0368
Fungi -nonspecific
MODE OF ACTION, TOXICITY, AND FACTORS INFLUENC-
ING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF FUNGICIDES . .1.0082
SOILS, PESTICIDES AND THE QUALITY OF WATER ...1.0105
NATURAL ENEMIES OF WITCHWEED, NUTSEDGE, AND
SEVERAL AQUATIC WEEDS IN INDIA ...2.0135
NATURAL ENEMIES OF MYRIOPHYLLUM SPICATUM IN YU-
GOSLAVIA ...2.0188
Host-parasite Interactions
BIOLOGIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL OF EURASIAN
MILFOIL (MYRIOPHYLLUM SPICATUM L.) IN CHES-
APEAKE BAY ...4.0012
Rots
Foot Rot
SOILS, PESTICIDES AND THE QUALITY OF WATER ...1.0105
Root Rot
SOILS, PESTICIDES AND THE QUALITY OF WATER ...1.0105
Soil-borne Diseases
SOILS, PESTICIDES AND THE QUALITY OF WATER ...1.0105
Survey
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF WATER WEEDS WITH PLANT
PATHOGENS ...2.0121
BIOLOGIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL OF EURASIAN
MILFOIL (MYRIOPHYLLUM SPICATUM L.) IN CHES-
APEAKE BAY ...4.0012
Virulence, Pathogenicity
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF WATER WEEDS WITH PLANT
PATHOGENS ...2.0122
NATURAL ENEMIES OF MYRIOPHYLLUM SPICATUM IN YU-
GOSLAVIA ...2.0188
THE NUTRITION AND BEHAVIOR OF MOSQUITOES ...4.0033
Water-borne Diseases
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF WATER WEEDS WITH PLANT
PATHOGENS ...2.0121
Plant Physiology
Absorption (incl. Adsorption)
GROWTH REGULATORS AND MINERAL NUTRITION IN
AQUATIC PLANT CONTROL ...2.0134
Root Absorption
FATE OF PESTICIDES ...1.0064
Dormancy (excl. Respiration)
Seeds
FACTORS INFLUENCING OCCURRENCE OF SELECTED
AQUATIC PLANTS IN RICE FIELDS ...2.0141
Growth and Differentiation
AQUATIC PEST CONTROL ...2.0112
CONTROL OF UNDESIRABLE AQUATIC VEGETATION IN
LAKE TANEYCOMO, MISSOURI ...2.0154
INTERACTIONS BETWEEN AQUATIC PLANTS AND SEWAGE
EFFLUENT ...4.0001
THE ECOLOGY OF SELECTED SUBMERSED AQUATIC
WEEDS ...4.0014
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN WATER QUALITY AND PLANT
GROWTH IN PONDS ...4.0019
THE ECOLOGY OF SELECTED SUBMERSED AQUATIC
WEEDS ...4.0020
TISSUE ANALYSIS FOR NUTRIENT ASSAY OF NATURAL
WATERS ...4.0030
Metabolism
Carbohydrates
THE PHYSIOLOGY AND CHEMICAL CONTROL OF AQUATIC
WEEDS IN THE SOUTHEAST ...2.0118
Cell and Tissue Permeability
EFFECT OF ULTRASONIC ENERGY ON AQUATIC PLANTS
...2.0096
EXPANDED AQUATIC PLANT CONTROL PROJECT ...2.0146
Herbicides and Chemicals
RELATIONSHIP OF PESTICIDES IN SOIL, WATER AND
PLANTS ...1.0057
FATE OF INSECTICIDES IN SOIL AND THEIR MOVEMENT IN
WATER AND CROPS ...1.0111
EFFECT OF HERBICIDES ON AN AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT
..1.0228
EFFECT OF HERBICIDES ON AN AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT
...1.0319
TOXICOLOGY OF PESTICIDES IN THE ENVIRONMENT
1.0360
EXPANDED AQUATIC PLANT CONTROL PROJECT . .2.0146
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF AQUATIC WEEDS ...2.0162
LIFE CYCLES OF ROTTBELLIA EXALTATA AND AM-
PHIBROMUS SCABRIVALVIS AND DEVELOPMENT OF
CONTROL MEASURES ...4.0010
Mineral Nutrition
AQUATIC WEED CONTROL RESEARCH ...2.0100
AQUATIC PEST CONTROL ...2.0112
GROWTH REGULATORS AND MINERAL NUTRITION IN
AQUATIC PLANT CONTROL ...2.0134
2-127
-------
Plant Physiology
SUBJECT INDEX
THE ECOLOGY OF SELECTED SUBMERSED AQUATIC
WEEDS ...4.0014
THE ECOLOGY OF SELECTED SUBMERSED AQUATIC
WEEDS ...4.0020
NUTRIENT DYNAMICS IN AN ARTIFICIALLY ENRICHED
LAKE ...4.0025
Nitrogen Metabolism
CONTROL OF WEEDS IN AGRONOMIC AND VEGETABLE
CROPS WITH HERBICIDES ...1.0025
FACTORS CONTROLLING THE GROWTH OF THE AQUATIC
WEED SALVINIA ...2.0166
Photoperiodism
ANATOMICAL, PHYSIOLOGICAL AND ECOLOGICAL STU-
DIES ON MYR10PHYLLUM SPICATIU ...4.0013
ECOLOGY OF SELECTED SUBMERSED AQUATIC WEEDS
...4.0024
Photosynthesis
EFFECT OF ULTRASONIC ENERGY ON AQUATIC PLANTS
...2.0096
THE INFLUENCE OF HERBICIDES USED ON HORTICUL-
TURAL CROPS ON STREAM ECOLOGY ...2.0150
NUTRIENT DYNAMICS IN AN ARTIFICIALLY ENRICHED
LAKE ...4.0025
Respiration
THE DISPOSITION OF PESTICIDES IN THE SOIL ...1.0030
EFFECT OF ULTRASONIC ENERGY ON AQUATIC PLANTS
...2.0096
Translocation
CONTROL OF WEEDS IN AGRONOMIC AND VEGETABLE
CROPS WITH HERBICIDES ..1.0025
FATE OF INSECTICIDES IN SOIL AND THEIR MOVEMENT IN
WATER AND CROPS ...1.0111
EXPANDED AQUATIC PLANT CONTROL PROJECT ...2.0146
Transpiration and Evaporation
FATE OF PESTICIDES ...1.0064
Reproductive Physiology
GROWTH SUPPRESSION AND REDUCTION IN REGROWTH
POTENTIAL OF AQUATIC WEEDS ...2.0110
ANATOMICAL, PHYSIOLOGICAL AND ECOLOGICAL STU-
DIES ON MYRIOPHYLLUM SPICATIU ...4.0013
AQUATIC PLANTS OF POLLUTED WATERS IN
SOUTHWESTERN UNITED STATES ...4.0028
Plant Resistance to ....
Heat Resistance
THE USE OF FLAME FOR CONTROLLING WEEDS AND
BRUSH ...2.0136
Planting Methods
WEED CONTROL IN RICE FIELDS AND PASTURE LANDS IN
THE GULF COAST AREA ...2.0176
Plants - Conifers
Juniperus
CONTROL METHODS FOR JUNIPERS, SHRUB LIVE OAK,
AND ASSOCIATED WEEDS ...1.0004
Pseudotsuga
BEHAVIOR OF CHEMICALS INTRODUCED INTO THE
FOREST ENVIRONMENT AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE
ECOSYSTEM ...1.0083
CLASSIFICATION, BIONOMICS, ECOLOGY CONTROL OF
FOREST INSECTS (OTHER THAN SCOLYTIDAE) IN CAL
1.0321
Plants - Dicots
WATER YIELD IN THE CHAPARRAL AND WOODLAND
ZONE OF THE SOUTHWEST ...1.0005
DISPOSITION OF PESTICIDES IN THE SOIL ...1.0031
WEED CONTROL IN CITRICULTURE ...2.0123
Amaranthaceae
CONTROL OF AQUATIC WEEDS BY USE OF N2-CO2-HE
LASER SYSTEMS ...2.0091
CHEMICAL CONTROL OF WEEDS IN PONDS ...2.0093
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF WEEDS ...2.0099
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF WEEDS ...2.0102
EVALUATION OF HERBICIDES FOR CONTROL OF AQUATIC
WEEDS ...2.0116
THE PHYSIOLOGY AND CHEMICAL CONTROL OF AQUATIC
WEEDS IN THE SOUTHEAST ...2.0118
THE PHYSIOLOGY AND CHEMICAL CONTROL OF AQUATIC
WEEDS IN THE SOUTHEAST ...2.0129
NATURAL ENEMIES OF WITCHWEED, NUTSEDGE, AND
SEVERAL AQUATIC WEEDS IN INDIA ...2.0135
INSECTS ON FOREIGN AQUATIC WEEDS IN LOUISIANA
...2.0144
INSECTS ASSOCIATED WITH AQUATIC WEED PESTS OF
FOREIGN ORIGIN ...2.0145
EXPANDED AQUATIC PLANT CONTROL PROJECT ...2.0146
METHODS FOR CONTROLLING ALLIGATORWEED AND
OTHER WEEDS IN CANALS, WATERWAYS, AND AD-
JACENT WATERS IN THE SOUTHEASTERN U. S. ...2.0186
INTERACTIONS BETWEEN AQUATIC PLANTS AND SEWAGE
EFFLUENT ...4.0001
Asclepiadaceae
COMPARATIVE EFFECTS OF WEED COMPETITION, HERBI-
CIDES AND OTHER WEED CONTROL PRACTICES ON
PLANT RESPONSE ...1.0145
Betulaceae
BEHAVIOR OF CHEMICALS INTRODUCED INTO THE
FOREST ENVIRONMENT AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE
ECOSYSTEM ...1.0083
Campanulaceae
FACTORS INFLUENCING OCCURRENCE OF
AQUATIC PLANTS IN RICE FIELDS ...2.0141
SELECTED
Ceratophyllaceae
EVALUATION OF HERBICIDES FOR CONTROL OF AQUATIC
WEEDS ...2.0116
NATURAL ENEMIES OF MYRIOPHYLLUM SPICATUM IN YU-
GOSLAVIA ...2.0188
TISSUE ANALYSIS FOR NUTRIENT ASSAY OF NATURAL
WATERS ...4.0030
Chenopodiaceae
Salsola
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF WEEDS ...2.0099
Spinacia
NUTRIENT AND WATER INPUTS AND OUTGO FROM THE
ORGANIC AND MINERAL SOILS IN THE LAKE APOPKA
AREA ...1.0027
Compositae
INCIDENCE BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF FASCIOLA
HEPATICA IN THE SOUTHWEST ...2.0280
Ambrosia
CONTROL OF WEEDS IN AGRONOMIC AND VEGETABLE
CROPS WITH HERBICIDES ...1.0025
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF WEEDS ...2.0102
Cirsium
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF WEEDS ...2.0099
CONTROL OF CANADA THISTLE AND WATER WEEDS
...2.0158
2-128
-------
SUBJECT INDEX
Plants - Dicots
STUDIES IN SOILS, CROPS, WATER MANAGEMENT AND
WEED CONTROL UNDER IRRIGATED CONDITIONS
...2.0159
CONTROL OF WEEDS IN AQUATIC AND NONCROP AREAS
IN THE UPPER MISSOURI RIVER BASIN ...2.0160
HeUanthus
EMERGENCY INSECT CONTROL ...2.0076
Lactuca
INVESTIGATIONS OF RESIDUES IN WATER AND CROPS IR-
RIGATED WITH WATER CONTAINING HERBICIDES
...1.0015
Scnecio
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF WEEDS ...2.0099
Convolvulaceae
Ipomoea
CONTROL OF WEEDS IN AGRONOMIC AND VEGETABLE
CROPS WITH HERBICIDES ...1.0025
Cruciferae
MOSQUITO PATHOGENS AS POTENTIAL CONTROL AGENTS
...2.0019
Brassica Species
ENTOMOLOGICAL PESTS OF VEGETABLE CROPS ...2.0288
Cucurbitaceae
CONTROL OF WEEDS IN AGRONOMIC AND VEGETABLE
CROPS WITH HERBICIDES ...1.0025
Cucumis Sativus
FATE OF HERBICIDES IN PLANTS AND SOILS ...1.0095
Cucurbita
CONTROL OF WEEDS IN AGRONOMIC AND VEGETABLE
CROPS WITH HERBICIDES ...1.0025
Ericaceae
Vaccinium
PERSISTENCE, ACCUMULATION AND FATE OF PESTICIDES
IN CRANBERRY SOILS AND RESERVOIRS ...1.0055
TRANSLOCATION OF PESTICIDES FROM CRANBERRY BOGS
TO THEIR SURROUNDINGS ...1.0056
Fagaceae
Quercus Dumosa
RESPROUTING OF CHAPARRAL ...1.0017
Quercus Gam belli!
CONTROL METHODS FOR JUNIPERS, SHRUB LIVE OAK,
AND ASSOCIATED WEEDS ...1.0004
Quercus Virginians
CONTROL METHODS FOR JUNIPERS, SHRUB LIVE OAK,
AND ASSOCIATED WEEDS ...1.0004
Guttiferae
ECOLOGY AND BIOCONTROL OF AQUATIC WEEDS IN THE
SOUTHEAST ...2.0117
Haloragaceae
EFFECT OF HERBICIDES ON AN AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT
...1.0228
EFFECT OF HERBICIDES ON AN AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT
...1.0319
CHEMICAL CONTROL OF WEEDS IN PONDS ...2.0093
BASIC PHYSIOLOGY OF AQUATIC WEEDS IN THE
SOUTHEAST ...2.0115
THE PHYSIOLOGY AND CHEMICAL CONTROL OF AQUATIC
WEEDS IN THE SOUTHEAST ...2.0118
INSECTS ON FOREIGN AQUATIC WEEDS IN LOUISIANA
...2.0144
CONTROL OF UNDESIRABLE AQUATIC VEGETATION
...2.0155
CONTROL OF EURASIAN MILFOIL ...2.0156
INVESTIGATION OF AQUATIC WEED PROBLEMS AND
MEANS OF CONTROL, WITH EMPHASIS ON BRAZILIAN
WATERWEED ...2.0167
NATURAL ENEMIES OF EURASIAN WATERMILFOIL IN
PAKISTAN ...2.0173
CHEMICAL CONTROL OF AQUATIC WEED NUISANCES
...2.0185
NATURAL ENEMIES OF MYRIOPHYLLUM SPICATUM IN YU-
GOSLAVIA ...2.0188
BIOLOGIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL OF EURASIAN
MILFOIL (MYRIOPHYLLUM SPICATUM L.) IN CHES-
APEAKE BAY ...4.0012
ANATOMICAL, PHYSIOLOGICAL AND ECOLOGICAL STU-
DIES ON MYRIOPHYLLUM SPICATIU ...4.0013
THE ECOLOGY OF SELECTED SUBMERSED AQUATIC
WEEDS ...4.0014
THE ECOLOGY OF SELECTED SUBMERSED AQUATIC
WEEDS ...4.0020
EFFECTS OF EUTROPHICATION ON AQUATIC VEGETATION
PHASE II ...4.0023
ECOLOGY OF SELECTED SUBMERSED AQUATIC WEEDS
...4.0024
Labiatae
REDUCTION OF PESTICIDE RESIDUE HAZARDS ...1.0040
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF WEEDS ...2.0099
Leguminosae
Arachis
INACTIVAT1ON AND LOSS OF PESTICIDES FROM SOIL
...1.0002
FATE OF HERBICIDES IN PLANTS AND SOILS ...1.0095
Glycine
EFFICIENCY AND HAZARDS OF RESIDUAL HERBICIDES IN
SOILS UNDER IRRIGATION. ...1.0010
INVESTIGATIONS OF RESIDUES IN WATER AND CROPS IR-
RIGATED WITH WATER CONTAINING HERBICIDES
...1.0015
CONTROL OF WEEDS IN AGRONOMIC AND VEGETABLE
CROPS WITH HERBICIDES ...1.0025
INACTIVATION AND LOSS OF PESTICIDES FROM SOIL
...1.0097
Medicago
BEHAVIOR OF PESTICIDES AND POLLUTANTS IN SOIL,
WATER, AND PLANTS ...1.0053
PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN ENVIRONMENT AND EFFECTS ON
MARKETING AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES ...1.0062
ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR PESTICIDES AND PESTICIDE
DEGRADATION PRODUCTS ...1.0088
COMPARATIVE EFFECTS OF WEED COMPETITION, HERBI-
CIDES AND OTHER WEED CONTROL PRACTICES ON
PLANT RESPONSE ...1.0145
Pisum
ENTOMOLOGICAL PESTS OF VEGETABLE CROPS ...2.0288
Prosopis
EFFECT OF PESTICIDES ON THE QUALITY OF SURFACE
AND GROUND WATERS IN THE WESTERN GULF REGION
...1.0101
Tephrosia
ROTENOIDS FROM TEPHROSIA VOGELII ...2.0198
Lythraceae
FACTORS INFLUENCING OCCURRENCE OF SELECTED
AQUATIC PLANTS IN RICE FIELDS ...2.0141
Malvaceae
Gossypium
EFFICIENCY AND HAZARDS OF RESIDUAL HERBICIDES IN
SOILS UNDER IRRIGATION. ...1.0010
INACTIVATION AND LOSS OF PESTICIDES FROM SOIL
...1.0097
CONTAMINATION OF SURFACE AND GROUND WATER
WITH INSECTICIDES AND HERBICIDES APPLIED TO CUL-
TIVATED CROPS ...1.0189
2-129
-------
Plants • Dicots
SUBJECT INDEX
CURRENT FISH AND WILDLIFE PESTICIDE PROBLEMS
. .1.0235
EVALUATION OF NEW INSECTICIDES ...2.0015
Nymphaeaceae
THE PHYSIOLOGY AND CHEMICAL CONTROL OF AQUATIC
WEEDS IN THE SOUTHEAST ...2.0129
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF AQUATIC WEEDS ...2.0162
Onagraceae
CONTROL OF AQUATIC WEEDS BY USE OF N2-CO2-HE
LASER SYSTEMS ...2.0091
NATURAL ENEMIES OF WITCHWEED, NUTSEDGE, AND
SEVERAL AQUATIC WEEDS IN INDIA ...2.0135
Polygonaceae
ECOLOGY AND CONTROL OF CERTAIN PARASITIC DIP-
TERA ...2.0001
THE USE OF NUTRIA, WATER BOWL AND GRASS CARP FOR
THE CONTROL OF SUBMERGENT PLANTS ...2.0130
WATERLEVEL MANAGEMENT ON IMPOUNDMENTS OF
LOW QUALITY SOILS ...2.0163
Rosaceae
Prunus Ceracus & P. Avium
REDUCTION OF PESTICIDE RESIDUE HAZARDS ...1.0040
Prunus Persies
REDUCTION OF PESTICIDE RESIDUE HAZARDS ...1.0040
Pyrus Communis
REDUCTION OF PESTICIDE RESIDUE HAZARDS ...1.0040
Rutaceae
Citrus
NUTRIENT AND WATER INPUTS AND OUTGO FROM THE
ORGANIC AND MINERAL SOILS IN THE LAKE APOPKA
AREA ...1.0027
WEED CONTROL IN CITRICULTURE ...2.0123
Salicaceae
Salix
CONTROL OF WEEDS IN AQUATIC AND NONCROP AREAS
IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST ...2.0178
Saxifragaceae
EMERGENCY INSECT CONTROL ...2.0076
ON NON-TARGET ORGANISMS
Scrophulariaceae
EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES
...1.0341
NATURAL ENEMIES OF WITCHWEED, NUTSEDGE, AND
SEVERAL AQUATIC WEEDS IN INDIA ...2.0135
FACTORS INFLUENCING OCCURRENCE OF SELECTED
AQUATIC PLANTS IN RICE FIELDS ...2.0141
Solanaceae
Capsicum
CONTROL OF WEEDS IN AGRONOMIC AND VEGETABLE
CROPS WITH HERBICIDES ...1.0025
Datura
CONTROL OF WEEDS IN AGRONOMIC AND VEGETABLE
CROPS WITH HERBICIDES ...1.0025
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF WEEDS ...2.0102
Lycopersicum
INVESTIGATIONS OF RESIDUES IN WATER AND CROPS IR-
RIGATED WITH WATER CONTAINING HERBICIDES
1.0015
CONTROL OF WEEDS IN AGRONOMIC AND VEGETABLE
CROPS WITH HERBICIDES ...1.0025
Solatium Tuberosum
INVESTIGATIONS OF RESIDUES IN WATER AND CROPS IR-
RIGATED WITH WATER CONTAINING HERBICIDES
..1.0015
CONTROL OF WEEDS IN AGRONOMIC AND VEGETABLE
CROPS WITH HERBICIDES ...1.0025
Tamaricaceae
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL -
PHREATOPHYTES ..2.0164
TAMARISK AND OTHER
CONTROL OF WEEDS IN AQUATIC AND NONCROP AREAS
IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST ...2.0178
CONTROL OF AQUATIC AND NONCROPLAND WEEDS IN
WYOMING, COLORADO, AND NEBRASKA ...2.0187
Umbelliforae
Daucus
INVESTIGATIONS OF RESIDUES IN WATER AND CROPS IR-
RIGATED WITH WATER CONTAINING HERBICIDES
...1.0015
NUTRIENT AND WATER INPUTS AND OUTGO FROM THE
ORGANIC AND MINERAL SOILS IN THE LAKE APOPKA
AREA ...1.0027
Plants - Ferns
Filicales
FACTORS CONTROLLING THE GROWTH OF THE AQUATIC
WEED SALVINIA ...2.0166
Hydropteridales
MASS REARING OF MARISA CORNUARIETIS FOR BIOLOGI-
CAL CONTROL OF AQUATIC WEEDS IN EMPERATE
WATERS ...2.0124
Plants - Monocots
Araceae
CONTROL OF AQUATIC WEEDS BY USE OF N2-CO2-HE
LASER SYSTEMS ...2.0091
EVALUATION OF HERBICIDES FOR CONTROL OF AQUATIC
WEEDS ...2.0116
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF AQUATIC WEEDS ...2.0162
METHODS FOR CONTROLLING ALLIGATORWEED AND
OTHER WEEDS IN CANALS, WATERWAYS, AND AD-
JACENT WATERS IN THE SOUTHEASTERN U. S. ...2.0186
Commelinaceae
WEED CONTROL IN RICE FIELDS AND PASTURE LANDS IN
THE GULF COAST AREA ..2.0176
Cyperaceae
CONTROL OF WEEDS IN AGRONOMIC AND VEGETABLE
CROPS WITH HERBICIDES ...1.0025
COMPARATIVE EFFECTS OF WEED COMPETITION, HERBI-
CIDES AND OTHER WEED CONTROL PRACTICES ON
PLANT RESPONSE ...1.0145
CONTROL OF WEEDS AND CERTAIN OTHER AQUATIC
PESTS IN THE PACIFIC SOUTHWEST ...2.0101
NATURAL ENEMIES OF WITCHWEED, NUTSEDGE, AND
SEVERAL AQUATIC WEEDS IN INDIA ...2.0135
CONTROL OF AQUATIC AND NONCROPLAND WEEDS IN
WYOMING, COLORADO, AND NEBRASKA ...2.0187
Gramineae
Andropogoneae -other
LIFE CYCLES OF ROTTBELLIA EXALTATA AND AM-
PHIBROMUS SCABRIVALVIS AND DEVELOPMENT OF
CONTROL MEASURES ...4.0010
Avena Sativa
WATER YIELD IN THE CHAPARRAL AND WOODLAND
ZONE OF THE SOUTHWEST ...1.0005
COMPARATIVE EFFECTS OF WEED COMPETITION, HERBI-
CIDES AND OTHER WEED CONTROL PRACTICES ON
PLANT RESPONSE ...1.0145
DEVELOPMENT OF TILLAGE-REPLACING HERBICIDE
SYSTEMS ...1.01%
EMERGENCY INSECT CONTROL ...2.0076
CONTROL OF AQUATIC WEEDS ...2.0113
2-130
-------
SUBJECT INDEX
Plants - Monocots
Aveneae -other
LIFE CYCLES OF ROTTBELLIA EXALTATA AND AM-
PHIBROMUS SCABRIVALVIS AND DEVELOPMENT OF
CONTROL MEASURES ...4.0010
Bromus
BEHAVIOR OF PESTICIDES AND POLLUTANTS IN SOIL,
WATER, AND PLANTS ...1.0053
Chlorideae -other
UTILIZATION AND MANAGEMENT OF COASTAL MARSHES
AND RESOURCES ...3.0029
Dlgitaria
INACTIVATION AND LOSS OF PESTICIDES FROM SOIL
...1.0009
Festuca
COMPARATIVE EFFECTS OF WEED COMPETITION, HERBI-
CIDES AND OTHER WEED CONTROL PRACTICES ON
PLANT RESPONSE ...1.0145
Festuceae -other
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF AQUATIC WEEDS ...2.0162
Grass -nonspecific
EFFECT OF PESTICIDES ON THE QUALITY OF SURFACE
AND GROUND WATERS IN THE WESTERN GULF REGION
...1.0101
QUANTIFICATION OF POLLUTANTS IN AGRICULTURAL RU-
NOFF ...1.0204
CONTROLLING MOSQUITOES ON HAYING MEADOWS
...2.0066
RESPONSE OF PLANT COMMUNITIES TO SUSTAINED USE
OF HERBICIDES ...2.0161
Hordeum -other
CONTROL OF WEEDS IN AQUATIC AND NONCROP AREAS
IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST ...2.0178
Hordeum Vulgare
EMERGENCY INSECT CONTROL ...2.0076
Oryzeae
INVESTIGATION OF RICE IRRIGATION RETURN FLOWS
TEXAS COASTAL PRAIRIE REGION ...1.0209
ECOLOGY AND CONTROL OF CERTAIN PARASITIC DIP-
TERA ...2.0001
EFFECT OF MOSQUITO CONTROL CHEMICALS ON
AQUATIC FAUNA ...2.0003
MOSQUITO PATHOGENS AS POTENTIAL CONTROL AGENTS
...2.0019
WEED CONTROL IN RICE PRODUCTION ...2.0097
WEED CONTROL IN RICE PRODUCTION ...2.0098
USE OF CHEMICALS ON RICE ...2.0140
WEED CONTROL IN RICE FIELDS AND PASTURE LANDS IN
THE GULF COAST AREA ...2.0176
Other Agrostideae
COMPARATIVE EFFECTS OF WEED COMPETITION, HERBI-
CIDES AND OTHER WEED CONTROL PRACTICES ON
PLANT RESPONSE ...1.0145
Pennisetum
CHEMICAL CONTROL OF DITCHBANK WEEDS IN PEAT AND
SANDY SOIL AREAS OF SOUTH FLORIDA ...2.0114
Phalarideae
CONTROL OF CANADA THISTLE AND WATER WEEDS
...2.0158
STUDIES IN SOILS, CROPS, WATER MANAGEMENT AND
WEED CONTROL UNDER IRRIGATED CONDITIONS
...2.0159
CONTROL OF WEEDS IN AQUATIC AND NONCROP AREAS
IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST ...2.0178
Poa Pratensis
CONTROL OF CANADA THISTLE AND WATER WEEDS
...2.0158
Saccharum
ROW LENGTH, GRADE AND DRAINAGE REQUIREMENTS OF
CROPS ...1.0049
CHEMICAL CONTROL OF DITCHBANK WEEDS IN PEAT AND
SANDY SOIL AREAS OF SOUTH FLORIDA ...2.0114
Secale
EMERGENCY INSECT CONTROL ...2.0076
Sorghum
INVESTIGATIONS OF RESIDUES IN WATER AND CROPS IR-
WITH WATER CONTAINING HERBICIDES
RIGATED
...1.0015
Triticum
EFFECTS OF VEGETATIVE COVERS UPON RUNOFF FROM
PRINCIPAL SOILS OF WESTERN NORTH CAROLINA
...1.0074
COMPARATIVE EFFECTS OF WEED COMPETITION HERBI-
CIDES AND OTHER WEED CONTROL PRACTICES ON
PLANT RESPONSE ...1.0145
EMERGENCY INSECT CONTROL ...2.0076
Zea Mays - Field Corn
REDUCTION OF RESIDUES OF INSECTICIDAL CHEMICALS
IN THE ENVIRONMENT ...1.0046
CONTROL OF PESTICIDES IN SOIL AND WATER ...1.0054
SOILS, PESTICIDES AND THE QUALITY OF WATER ...1.0061
EFFECTS OF VEGETATIVE COVERS UPON RUNOFF FROM
PRINCIPAL SOILS OF WESTERN NORTH CAROLINA
...1.0074
FATE AND PERSISTENCE OF PESTICIDES AND PHYSIOLOGI-
CALLY ACTIVE DEGRADATION PRODUCTS ...1.0089
PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF PERSISTENCE AND
MOVEMENT OF HERBICIDES IN SOIL ...1.0090
FATE OF HERBICIDES IN PLANTS AND SOILS ...1.0095
CHEMICAL AND SEDIMENT MOVEMENT FROM AGRICUL-
TURAL LAND INTO LAKE ERIE ...1.0191
CHEMICAL AND SEDIMENT MOVEMENT FROM AGRICUL-
TURAL LAND INTO LAKE ERIE ...1.0192
RELATION OF AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES TO WATER
QUALITY IN NORTH APPALACHIAN REGION ...1.0194
THE USE OF FLAME FOR CONTROLLING WEEDS AND
BRUSH ...2.0136
DYNAMICS, BEHAVIOR AND IMPACT OF ECONOMIC IN-
SECTS ...4.0053
Zea Mays - Sweet Corn
CONTROL OF WEEDS IN AGRONOMIC AND VEGETABLE
CROPS WITH HERBICIDES ...1.0025
Hydrocharitaceae
SEARCH FOR AND IMPORTATION OF INSECT ENEMIES OF
AQUATIC WEEDS ...2.0095
EFFECT OF ULTRASONIC ENERGY ON AQUATIC PLANTS
...2.0096
BASIC PHYSIOLOGY OF AQUATIC WEEDS IN THE
SOUTHEAST ...2.0115
EVALUATION OF HERBICIDES FOR CONTROL OF AQUATIC
WEEDS ...2.0116
ECOLOGY AND BIOCONTROL OF AQUATIC WEEDS IN THE
SOUTHEAST ...2.0117
THE PHYSIOLOGY AND CHEMICAL CONTROL OF AQUATIC
WEEDS IN THE SOUTHEAST ...2.0118
PROCESSING, CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, AND NUTRITIVE
VALUE OF AQUATIC WEEDS ...2.0119
THE PHYSIOLOGY AND CHEMICAL CONTROL OF AQUATIC
WEEDS IN THE SOUTHEAST ...2.0129
GROWTH REGULATORS AND MINERAL NUTRITION IN
AQUATIC PLANT CONTROL ...2.0134
INVESTIGATION OF AQUATIC WEED PROBLEMS AND
MEANS OF CONTROL, WITH EMPHASIS ON BRAZILIAN
WATERWEED ...2.0167
INTERACTIONS BETWEEN AQUATIC PLANTS AND SEWAGE
EFFLUENT ...4.0001
TOXIC SUBSTANCES AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF
HYACINTHS AND OTHER WATER PLANTS ...4.0005
THE ECOLOGY OF SELECTED SUBMERSED AQUATIC
WEEDS ...4.0014
THE ECOLOGY OF SELECTED SUBMERSED AQUATIC
WEEDS ..4.0020
EFFECTS OF EUTROPHICATION ON AQUATIC VEGETATION
PHASE II ...4.0023
ECOLOGY OF SELECTED SUBMERSED AQUATIC WEEDS
...4.0024
2-131
-------
Plants - Monocots
SUBJECT INDEX
TISSUE ANALYSIS FOR NUTRIENT ASSAY OF NATURAL
WATERS ...4.0030
Juncaceae
EFFECTS OF MOSQUITO CONTROL DITCHING ON HIGH
SALT MARSHES IN NORTH CAROLINA, PHASE 1 ...2.0073
EFFECTS OF MOSQUITO CONTROL DITCHING ON HIGH
SALT MARSHES IN NORTH CAROLINA ...2.0075
Lemnaceae
ECOLOGY AND CONTROL OF CERTAIN PARASITIC DIP-
TERA .2.0001
THE USE OF NUTRIA. WATER BOWL AND GRASS CARP FOR
THE CONTROL OF SUBMERGENT PLANTS ...2.0130
WEED CONTROL IN RICE FIELDS AND PASTURE LANDS IN
THE GULF COAST AREA ...2.0176
Liliaceae
AUium
INVESTIGATIONS OF RESIDUES IN WATER AND CROPS IR-
RIGATED WITH WATER CONTAINING HERBICIDES
1.0015
Asparagus
CONTROL OF WEEDS IN AGRONOMIC AND VEGETABLE
CROPS WITH HERBICIDES ...1.0025
Najadaceae
GROWTH SUPPRESSION AND REDUCTION IN REGROWTH
POTENTIAL OF AQUATIC WEEDS ...2.0110
EVALUATION OF HERBICIDES FOR CONTROL OF AQUATIC
WEEDS ...2.0116
ECOLOGY AND B1OCONTROL OF AQUATIC WEEDS IN THE
SOUTHEAST ...2.0117
METHODS FOR CONTROLLING ALLIGATORWEED AND
OTHER WEEDS IN CANALS, WATERWAYS, AND AD-
JACENT WATERS IN THE SOUTHEASTERN U. S. ...2.0186
INTERACTIONS BETWEEN AQUATIC PLANTS AND SEWAGE
EFFLUENT ...4.0001
ECOLOGY OF SELECTED SUBMERSED AQUATIC WEEDS
...4.0024
Pontederiaceae
CONTROL OF AQUATIC WEEDS BY USE OF N2-CO2-HE
LASER SYSTEMS ...2.0091
SEARCH FOR AND IMPORTATION OF INSECT ENEMIES OF
AQUATIC WEEDS ...2.0095
BASIC PHYSIOLOGY OF AQUATIC WEEDS IN THE
SOUTHEAST ...2.0115
EVALUATION OF HERBICIDES FOR CONTROL OF AQUATIC
WEEDS ...2.0116
THE PHYSIOLOGY AND CHEMICAL CONTROL OF AQUATIC
WEEDS IN THE SOUTHEAST ...2.0118
PROCESSING, CHEMICAL COMPOSITION. AND NUTRITIVE
VALUE OF AQUATIC WEEDS ...2.0H9
SOUTHEASTERN BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF WEEDS IN-
VESTIGATIONS ...2.0120
NATURAL ENEMIES OF WITCHWEED, NUTSEDGE, AND
SEVERAL AQUATIC WEEDS IN INDIA ...2.0135
FACTORS INFLUENCING OCCURRENCE OF SELECTED
AQUATIC PLANTS IN RICE FIELDS ...2.0141
INSECTS ON FOREIGN AQUATIC WEEDS IN LOUISIANA
...2.0144
INSECTS ASSOCIATED WITH AQUATIC WEED PESTS OF
FOREIGN ORIGIN ..2.0145
CONTROL OF CANADA THISTLE AND WATER WEEDS
...2.0158
METHODS FOR CONTROLLING ALLIGATORWEED AND
OTHER WEEDS IN CANALS. WATERWAYS, AND AD-
JACENT WATERS IN THE SOUTHEASTERN U. S. ...2.0186
INTERACTIONS BETWEEN AQUATIC PLANTS AND SEWAGE
EFFLUENT .4.0001
TOXIC SUBSTANCES AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF
HYACINTHS AND OTHER WATER PLANTS ...4.0005
LIFE CYCLES OF ROTTBELLIA EXALTATA AND AM-
PHIBROMUS SCABRIVALVIS AND DEVELOPMENT OF
CONTROL MEASURES ...4.0010
Potamogetonaceae
PESTICIDE RESIDUES ON ARIZONA CROPS ...1.0007
CONTROL OF AQUATIC WEEDS BY USE OF N2-CO2-HE
LASER SYSTEMS ...2.0091
EFFECT OF ULTRASONIC ENERGY ON AQUATIC PLANTS
...2.0096
GROWTH SUPPRESSION AND REDUCTION IN REGROWTH
POTENTIAL OF AQUATIC WEEDS ...2.0110
CONTROL OF WEEDS IN AQUATIC AND NONCROP AREAS
IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST ...2.0178
INTERACTIONS BETWEEN AQUATIC PLANTS AND SEWAGE
EFFLUENT ...4.0001
THE ECOLOGY OF SELECTED SUBMERSED AQUATIC
WEEDS ...4.0014
THE ECOLOGY OF SELECTED SUBMERSED AQUATIC
WEEDS ...4.0020
EFFECTS OF EUTROPHICATION ON AQUATIC VEGETATION
PHASE II . .4.0023
ECOLOGY OF SELECTED SUBMERSED AQUATIC WEEDS
...4.0024
THE CHANGING DISTRIBUTION OF THE GENUS
POTAMOGETON (PONDWEEDS) IN OHIO ...4.0026
Typhaceae
UPTAKE AND RELEASE OF DALAPON IN EARTHEN PONDS
...1.0114
CONTROL OF WEEDS IN AQUATIC AND NONCROP AREAS
IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST ...2.0178
CONTROL OF AQUATIC AND NONCROPLAND WEEDS IN
WYOMING, COLORADO, AND NEBRASKA ...2.0187
Plants -nonspecific
ALTERING PERSISTENCE AND MOVEMENT OF HERBICIDES
IN SOIL. WATER, AND PLANTS ...1.0106
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN PESTICIDES AND GEORGIA
FARM POND ECOSYSTEMS ...1.0138
AQUATIC PLANT CONTROL ...2.0128
Plastics
DEVELOPMENT OF FIELD METHODS IN SAMPLING WATER
FOR PESTICIDE ANALYSIS ...1.0173
Polyethylene
DEVELOPMENT OF FIELD METHODS IN SAMPLING WATER
FOR PESTICIDE ANALYSIS ...1.0173
PHYSIOLOGY, BIOCHEMISTRY AND CONTROL OF AQUATIC
WEEDS, CHEMISTRY OF HERBICIDES ...2.0105
Polyvinyl Chloride
PHYSIOLOGY, BIOCHEMISTRY AND CONTROL OF AQUATIC
WEEDS, CHEMISTRY OF HERBICIDES ...2.0105
Polyvinyls -other
INVESTIGATIONS OF ALGAE INHIBITING MATERIALS
...2.0106
Urethanes
CONTROL OF HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL SPILLS BY PHYSI-
CAL BARRIERS ...1.0086
Platyhelminthes
Cestoda
MOLLUSCAN MORTALITY STUDIES ...3.0032
Platyhelminthes -other
IMPOUNDMENT EFFECTS ON WATER QUALITY AS
REFLECTED IN PARASITISM OF RESERVOIR BASSES
...3.0018
2-132
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SUBJECT INDEX
Pollutant Identification
Trematoda
Digenea
CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC CONTROL OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS BY
HORMONES .2.0266
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF SNAILS AND SLUGS ...2.0269
SCHISTOSOME CONTROL BY TREMATODE ANTAGONISM
...2.0270
THE BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF THE SNAIL INTER-
MEDIATE HOST OF SCHISTOSOMES ...2.0276
BIOLOGY AND BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF SCHISTOSOMIA-
SIS ...2.0277
SWIMMER'S ITCH INTERMEDIATE HOSTS, DISTRIBUTION
AND ECOLOGY ...2.0278
SWIMMER'S ITCH - INTERMEDIATE HOST, DISTRIBUTION
AND ECOLOGY ...2.0279
INCIDENCE BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF FASCIOLA
HEPATICA IN THE SOUTHWEST ...2.0280
•A METHOD OF DESTROYING ONCOMELANIA-THE SNAIL
VECTOR OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS' ...2.0284
CORRELATION OF STRUCTURE VS. ACTIVITY OF POLLU-
TANTS OF FRESH WATER ...2.0290
MOLLUSCAN MORTALITY STUDIES ...3.0032
EXPERIMENTAL CONTROL OF NEASCUS IN SMALL TROUT
LAKES ...3.0036
Tremaloda -other
SCHISTOSOME CONTROL BY TREMATODE ANTAGONISM
...2.0270
SWIMMER'S ITCH INTERMEDIATE HOSTS, DISTRIBUTION
AND ECOLOGY ...2.0278
MOLLUSCAN MORTALITY STUDIES ...3.0032
REFINEMENT OF MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES FOR
STREAM TROUT LAKES ...3.003S
EPIDEMOLOGY OF 'SALMON POISONING' DISEASE ...3.0054
ECOLOGY AND DISEASE TRANSMISSION POTENTIAL
...4.0044
Turbellaria
Planaria
CONTROL OF BLACK FLIES AND MOSQUITOES IN MAINE
...2.0046
Turbellaria -other
CONTROL OF BLACK FLIES AND MOSQUITOES IN MAINE
...2.0046
NATURAL HISTORY OF PREDATORS AND COMPETITORS
(PREDATOR CONTROL PROGRAM) ...2.0271
Playas
FATE OF POLLUTANTS IN GROUND WATER ...1.0079
EFFECT OF USING RUNOFF WATER IN RECHARGE WELLS-
HIGH PLAINS AREA ...1.0100
Pollutant Identification
FLUORESCENT PROBES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEW
ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR WATER POLLUTION
...1.0137
RAPID DETECTION OF TOXIC MATERIALS IN WATER
...1.0180
TRANSFER OF PESTICIDES THROUGH SOILS, WATER, SEDI-
MENTS AND AQUATIC LIFE ...1.0202
Bioindicators
PATTERNS OF PESTICIDE CONTAMINATION OF WATER
...1.0039
ENZYMES FOR ANALYSIS AND PURIFICATION OF SALINE
WATER SYSTEMS ...1.0153
PESTICIDE MONITORING PROGRAM ...1.0156
AN ECOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF STREAM EUTROPHICA-
TION ...1.0161
PESTICIDES INPUTS AND LEVELS IN MINNESOTA WATERS
OF LAKE SUPERIOR BASIN .1.0166
PRESTICIDE INPUTS AND LEVELS IN MINNESOTA WATERS
OF THE LAKE SUPERIOR BASIN ...1.0167
MAYFLY DISTRIBUTION AS A WATER QUALITY INDEX
...1.0169
THE BIOASSAY OF WATER POLLUTANTS WITH CULTURED
MAMMALIAN CELLS ...1.0200
PESTICIDES AND MIC8OBIAL ECOLOGY OF LAKE CHAM-
PLAIN ...1.0213
ARTIFICIAL SUBSTRATE SAMPLERS AS INDICATORS OF
WATER QUALITY ...1.0225
PESTICIDE MONITORING PROGRAM ...1.0238
A TISSUE ENZYME ASSAY FOR CHLORINATED HYDROCAR-
BON INSECTICIDES .1.0265
THE UPTAKE OF D1ELDR1N IN THE THREE RIDGED NAIAD
AMBLEMA PLICATA .1.0301
EFFECTS OF TOXICANTS UPON FISH MOVEMENT PAT-
TERNS ..1.0308
SURVEY OF POND WEEDS AND PLANT SUCCESSION
...2.0127
CORRELATION OF STRUCTURE VS. ACTIVITY OF POLLU-
TANTS OF FRESH WATER ...2.0290
EPIDERMAL PAPILLOMAS ...3.0021
EUTROPHICATION OF IOWA LAKES AND STREAMS ...4.0008
LAKE SUPERIOR PERIPHYTON IN RELATION TO WATER
QUALITY ...4.0017
A STUDY OF ALGAL POPULATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH DIF-
FERENT LEVELS OF WATER QUALITY IN NEW
HAMPSHIRE ...4.0018
Chemical Identification
FATE OF HARMFUL METALS IN SOIL AND WATER
SYSTEMS ...1.0003
PESTICIDE MOBILITY AND DEGRADATION IN SOIL-WATER
SYSTEMS ...1.0006
PESTICIDE MOBILITY AND DEGRADATION IN SOIL-WATER
SYSTEMS ...1.0013
ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR PESTICIDES IN SOIL AND
WATER ...1.0018
ORGANIC SUBSTANCES IN WATER ...1.0119
FLUORESCENT PROBES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEW
ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR WATER POLLUTION
...1.0137
STUDY OF METHODS FOR REDUCING WATER POLLUTION
FROM STORM SEWER AND COMBINATION DISCHARGES
THROUGH DEFINED PUBLIC WORKS PRACTICES ...1.0142
SERVICES FOR THE QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF PESTI-
CIDES IN SEA WATER AND BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES ...1.0172
LOSSES OF FERTILIZERS AND PESTICIDES IN RUNOFF ERO-
SION ...1.0178
MAGNITUDE AND NATURE OF POLYCHLOR1NATED
BIPHENYLS IN COHO SALMON ...1.0262
DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNIQUES FOR IDENTIFICATION OF
PESTICIDES AND THEIR METABOLITES BY MASS SPEC-
TROMETRY ...1.0295
THE FATE AND EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES IN THE AQUATIC
ENVIRONMENT OF THE FLATHEAD LAKE DRAINAGE
AREA ...1.0297
SUBLETHAL AMOUNTS OF ORGANIC INSECTICIDES AND
FISH ...1.0313
CONTROL OF UNDESIRABLE AQUATIC VEGETATION IN
LAKE TANEYCOMO, MISSOURI ...2.0154
Physical Parameters
PESTICIDE MOBILITY AND DEGRADATION IN SOIL-WATER
SYSTEMS ...1.0006
DETECTION AND IDENTIFICATION OF MOLECULAR WATER
POLLUTANTS BY LASER RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY ...1.0151
CONCENTRATION AND ANALYSIS OF PESTICIDES AND
OTHER RECALCITRANT MOLECULES IN WATER SUP-
PLIES BY ULTRAFILTRATION ...1.0185
Pollutants -general
PESTICIDE POLLUTION OF FARMSTEAD WATER SUPPLIES
IN THE NORTHEAST ...1.0052
IDENTIFICATION AND DETERMINATION OF PESTICIDE
RESIDUES IN SOIL AND RUNOFF AND DRAINAGE
WATERS. ...1.0110
2-133
-------
Pollutant Identification
SUBJECT INDEX
MONITORING OF PESTICIDE LEVELS IN THE GREAT LAKES
.1.0160
PESTICIDE MONITORING OF AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT,
MICHIGAN PORTION OF THE GREAT LAKES BASIN
.1.0164
A TISSUE ENZYME ASSAY FOR CHLORINATED HYDROCAR-
BON INSECTICIDES ...1.0168
ELECTROPHORETIC CLARIFICATION OF WATER ...1.0211
SOURCES OF QUALITY IMPAIRMENT OF SURFACE WATERS
...1.0218
EVALUATION OF PESTICIDE SOURCES AND LEVELS TRIBU-
TARY TO LAKES MICHIGAN AND SUPERIOR ...1.0221
ARTIFICIAL SUBSTRATE SAMPLERS AS INDICATORS OF
WATER QUALITY . .1.0225
Pollutants - Path of
FATE OF HARMFUL METALS IN SOIL AND WATER
SYSTEMS ...1.0003
PESTICIDE MOBILITY AND DEGRADATION IN SOIL-WATER
SYSTEMS ...1.0006
MOVEMENT OF CHLORINATED HYDROCARBON INSECTI-
CIDES IN SOILS ...1.0011
SORPTION AND MOVEMENT OF POLLUTED WATER IN SOIL
...1.0012
PESTICIDE MOBILITY AND DEGRADATION IN SOIL-WATER
SYSTEMS ...1.0013
RESIDUES OF SELECTED PESTICIDES IN PLANTS, ANIMALS,
AND THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT ...1.0019
REACTIONS OF PESTICIDES WITH SOILS IN RELATION TO
SOIL PRODUCTIVITY IN THE SOUTHWEST ...1.0021
BEHAVIOR OF POLLUTANTS IN WATER ...1.0022
CHLORINATED PESTICIDES IN THE SOIL-WATER-PLANT
SYSTEM AND THEIR MANAGEMENT TO AVOID POLLU-
TION ...1.0024
NUTRIENT AND WATER INPUTS AND OUTGO FROM THE
ORGANIC AND MINERAL SOILS IN THE LAKE APOPKA
AREA ...1.0027
NUTRIENT & WATER INPUTS & OUTGO FROM THE OR-
GANIC & MINERAL SOILS IN THE LAKE APOPKA AREA
...1.0029
PESTICIDE POLLUTION OF FARMSTEAD WATER SUPPLIES
IN THE SOUTHEAST ...1.0032
PESTICIDES IN SOILS AND WATERS OF THE SOUTHERN
PIEDMONT ...1.0033
PESTICIDE MOBILITY AND DEGRADATION IN SOIL-WATER
SYSTEMS ...1.0034
POLLUTION EFFECTS ON GROUND WATER RECHARGE IN
HAWAII 1.0036
PATTERNS OF PESTICIDE CONTAMINATION OF WATER
...1.0039
EFFECT OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES AND OTHER ORGANO-
TOXICANTS ON THE QUALITY OF SURFACE AND
GROUNDWATER RESOURCES ...1.0041
MOVEMENT OF HERBICIDES IN SOIL BY MASS FLOW
...1.0044
REDUCTION OF RESIDUES OF INSECT1CIDAL CHEMICALS
IN THE ENVIRONMENT ...1.0046
ROW LENGTH, GRADE AND DRAINAGE REQUIREMENTS OF
CROPS ...1.0049
WATER AND SOIL POLLUTION BY FARM CHEMICALS IN
THE LOWER MISSISSIPPI DELTA ...1.0050
PESTICIDE POLLUTION OF FARMSTEAD WATER SUPPLIES
IN THE NORTHEAST ...1.0052
BEHAVIOR OF PESTICIDES AND POLLUTANTS IN SOIL,
WATER, AND PLANTS ...1.0053
CONTROL OF PESTICIDES IN SOIL AND WATER ...1.0054
PERSISTENCE, ACCUMULATION AND FATE OF PESTICIDES
IN CRANBERRY SOILS AND RESERVOIRS ...1.0055
TRANSLOCAT10N OF PESTICIDES FROM CRANBERRY BOGS
TO THEIR SURROUNDINGS ...1.0056
RELATIONSHIP OF PESTICIDES IN SOIL, WATER AND
PLANTS ...1.0057
SOILS, PESTICIDES AND THE QUALITY OF WATER ...1.0061
SOILS, PESTICIDES AND THE QUALITY OF WATER ...1.0065
SOIL AND WATER MANAGEMENT FOR SALINITY CONTROL
PHASE II ...1.0066
AN EVALUATION OF THE INSECTICIDE 'SEVIN' AS A
WATERSHED POLLUTANT ...1.0067
ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLING
IN ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS ...1.0068
MOVEMENT OF HERBICIDES OFF, INTO AND THROUGH
SOILS ...1.0071
PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN PLANTS, ANIMALS, SOILS, AND
WATER ...1.0075
INACTIVATION AND LOSS OF PESTICIDES FROM SOIL
...1.0076
FATE OF POLLUTANTS IN GROUND WATER ...1.0079
EFFECT OF AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS ON THE QUALITY
OF GROUND AND SURFACE WATERS ...1.0080
BEHAVIOR OF CHEMICALS INTRODUCED INTO THE
FOREST ENVIRONMENT AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE
ECOSYSTEM ...1.0083
PESTICIDE MOBILITY AND DEGRADATION IN SOIL-WATER
SYSTEMS ...1.0084
PESTICIDE MOBILITY AND DEGRADATION IN SOIL-WATER
SYSTEMS ...1.0085
FATES OF AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS IN SOILS ...1.0092
MOVEMENT OF INSECTICIDES IN SOIL AND WATER ...1.0098
MOVEMENT OF HERBICIDES IN SOIL, SURFACE WATER
AND UNDERGROUND WATER ...1.0099
EFFECT OF USING RUNOFF WATER IN RECHARGE WELLS-
HIGH PLAINS AREA ...1.0100
SOILS, PESTICIDES, AND THE QUALITY OF WATER ...1.0103
SOILS, PESTICIDES AND THE QUALITY OF WATER . .1.0105
ALTERING PERSISTENCE AND MOVEMENT OF HERBICIDES
IN SOIL, WATER, AND PLANTS ...1.0106
FATE OF INSECTICIDES IN SOIL AND THEIR MOVEMENT IN
WATER AND CROPS ...1.0111
METABOLISM OF ENDRIN IN PONDS ...1.0113
PREDICTING MINERAL QUALITY OF RETURN FLOW
WATER ...1.0122
IMPACT ON MAN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION
CAUSED BY LEAD ...1.0123
COOPERATIVE HERBICIDE MONITORING STUDY IN IRRIGA-
TION SYSTEMS ...1.0125
PESTICIDE KINETICS ...1.0127
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS IN THE SURVIVAL OF MAN
...1.0132
SOILS, PESTICIDES AND THE QUALITY OF WATER ...1.0141
THE FATE OF SELECT PESTICIDES IN THE AQUATIC EN-
VIRONMENT ...1.0144
RESEARCH INITIATION FATE OF SELECTED OR-
GANOPHOSPHATE AND CARBAMATE INSECTICIDES IN
SURFACE WATERS ...1.0146
WATERSHED ANALYSIS RELATING TO EUTROPH1CATION
OF LAKE MICHIGAN ...1.0162
CONTAMINATION OF SURFACE AND GROUND WATER
WITH INSECTICIDES AND HERBICIDES APPLIED TO CUL-
TIVATED CROPS ...1.0189
PESTICIDES MOVEMENT FROM CROPLAND INTO LAKE
ERIE ...1.0193
RELATION OF AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES TO WATER
QUALITY IN NORTH APPALACHIAN REGION ...1.0194
TRANSFER OF PESTICIDES THROUGH WATER, SEDIMENTS,
AND AQUATIC LIFE ...1.0201
TRANSFER OF PESTICIDES THROUGH SOILS, WATER, SEDI-
MENTS AND AQUATIC LIFE ...1.0202
DISTRIBUTION OF ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDE
RESIDUES IN NATURAL WATERS AND SEDIMENTS
...1.0215
OCCURRENCE OF PESTICIDES IN AQUATIC ENVIRON-
MENTS ...1.0219
PESTICIDE CONTAMINATION OF ENVIRONMENT ...1.0250
THE FATE AND EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES IN THE AQUATIC
ENVIRONMENT OF THE FLATHEAD LAKE DRAINAGE
AREA .1.0297
EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON ESTUARINE ORGANISMS
...1.0305
DISTRIBUTION AND METABOLIC FATE OF INDUSTRIAL
POLLUTANTS AND PESTICIDES IN A MODEL AQUATIC
ECOSYSTEM ...1.0333
IMPACT OF PESTICIDES UPON SEMI-WILD ECOSYSTEMS
...1.0335
2-134
-------
SUBJECT INDEX
Pollution Effects On...
ECOLOGY OF PESTICIDES IN AN AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM
...1.0339
PREVENTION OF PESTICIDE POLLUTION FROM COASTAL
INSECT CONTROL PROGRAMS ...1.0358
CONTROL OF WEEDS AND CERTAIN OTHER AQUATIC
PESTS IN THE PACIFIC SOUTHWEST ...2.0101
THE INFLUENCE OF HERBICIDES USED ON HORTICUL-
TURAL CROPS ON STREAM ECOLOGY ...2.0150
DEVELOPMENT OF RHODAMINE-B DYE TO TRACE FLOW
AND DISPERSION PATTERNS IN STREAMS AS AN AD-
JUNCT TO TREATING STREAMS WITH FISH-CONTROL
CHEMICALS ...2.0245
EUTROPHICATION OF IOWA LAKES AND STREAMS ...4.0008
NUTRIENT DYNAMICS IN AN ARTIFICIALLY ENRICHED
LAKE ...4.0025
INFLUENCE OF SUSPENDED MICROSCOPIC SUBSTANCES
ON THE METABOLISM OF MICROORGANISMS RESPONSI-
BLE FOR BIOLOGICAL ENRICHMENT OF WATER ...4.0027
Pollution -nonspecific
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS IN THE SURVIVAL OF MAN
...1.0132
DESIGNING A GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING
SYSTEM ...1.0206
Pollution Abatement
NUTRIENT & WATER INPUTS & OUTGO FROM THE OR-
GANIC & MINERAL SOILS IN THE LAKE APOPKA AREA
...1.0029
PESTICIDE POLLUTION OF FARMSTEAD WATER SUPPLIES
IN THE SOUTHEAST ...1.0032
PESTICIDE POLLUTION OF FARMSTEAD WATER SUPPLIES
IN THE NORTHEAST ...1.0052
QUALITY OF IRRIGATION RETURN FLOW ...1.0102
Pollution Effects On...
Biology
EFFECT OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES AND OTHER ORGANO-
TOXICANTS ON THE QUALITY OF SURFACE AND
GROUNDWATER RESOURCES ...1.0041
GREEN BAY RESEARCH PROGRAM ...1.0112
LAKE SUPERIOR PERIPHYTON IN RELATION TO WATER
QUALITY ...4.0017
Ecological Effects
REDUCTION OF HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH RESIDUES OF
INSECTICIDAL CHEMICALS IN THE ENVIRONMENT
...1.0037
MULTI-DISCIPLINARY RESEARCH IN POLLUTION ...1.0070
BEHAVIOR OF CHEMICALS INTRODUCED INTO THE
FOREST ENVIRONMENT AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE
ECOSYSTEM ...1.0083
INVESTIGATION INTO RECREATIONAL WATER QUALITY
CRITERIA ...1.0116
ESTUARINE ECOSYSTEMS ...1.0128
RESEARCH INITIATION - FATE OF SELECTED OR-
GANOPHOSPHATE AND CARBAMATE INSECTICIDES IN
SURFACE WATERS ...1.0146
PESTICIDES AND MICROBIAL ECOLOGY OF LAKE CHAM-
PLAIN ...1.0213
MICROBIOLOGY OF FARM PONDS ...1.0220
PESTICIDES RESEARCH ...1.0232
EFFECTS OF PARATHION AND MALATHION ON WARM-
WATER FISH PONDS ...1.0283
THE FATE AND EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES IN THE AQUATIC
ENVIRONMENT OF THE FLATHEAD LAKE DRAINAGE
AREA ...1.0297
DISTRIBUTION AND METABOLIC FATE OF INDUSTRIAL
POLLUTANTS AND PESTICIDES IN A MODEL AQUATIC
ECOSYSTEM ...1.0333
ECOLOGY OF PESTICIDES IN AN AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM
...1.0339
BIOCHEMICAL ECOLOGICAL RELATIONSHIPS OF PESTI-
CIDES AND THE BIO-CONSTITUENTS OF AQUATIC COM-
MUNITIES ...1.0342
POND ECOLOGY AND PRODUCTION AS AFFECTED BY
SIMAZINE ...1.0353
PHARMACOLOGICAL AND ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF
PESTICIDES ...1.0362
CHEMICAL BIOCIDES IN LAKES ...1.0364
THE EFFECT OF PESTICIDES ON AN ECOSYSTEM ...1.0365
INSECTICIDES AND EGG-SHELL DEPOSITION ...1.0368
INVESTIGATION OF AQUATIC WEED PROBLEMS AND
MEANS OF CONTROL, WITH EMPHASIS ON BRAZILIAN
WATERWEED ...2.0167
INTERACTIONS BETWEEN AQUATIC PLANTS AND SEWAGE
EFFLUENT ...4.0001
RESEARCH IN LIMNOLOGY INTERRELATIONS OF
HYDROLOGY AND AQUATIC ECOLOGY ...4.0002
EFFECTS OF EUTROPHICATION ON AQUATIC VEGETATION
PHASE II ...4.0023
INFLUENCE OF SUSPENDED MICROSCOPIC SUBSTANCES
ON THE METABOLISM OF MICROORGANISMS RESPONSI-
BLE FOR BIOLOGICAL ENRICHMENT OF WATER ...4.0027
ECOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF THE DEVELOPMENT AND
FEEDING HABITS OF SIMULIUM SPP. (BLACK FLIES)
4.0069
Physiological Effects
EFFECTIVENESS OF IODINE FOR DISINFECTION OF PUBLIC
WATER SUPPLIES & TO DETERMINE PHYSIOLOGICAL EF-
FECTS ON A HUMAN POPULATION ...1.0126
CENTER FOR STUDY OF THE HUMAN ENVIRONMENT
...1.0190
EFFECTS OF WATER POLLUTION ON ZOOPLANKTON
...1.0207
EFFECT OF ENDRIN ON EGG-SPERM FORMATION AND
EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT ...1.0229
PRELIMINARY STUDIES ON ENDRIN AND OTHER PESTICIDE
UPTAKES BY FINGERLING CHANNEL CATFISH ...1.0231
BEHAVIOR OF ESTUARINE ANIMALS ...1.0240
TOXICITY OF POLLUTANTS TO STRIPED BASS ...1.0251
THE EFFECTS OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES ON LARVAL AND
JUVENILE WINTER FLOUNDER IN THE WEWEANTIC
RIVER ESTUARY, MASSACHUSETTS ...1.0253
PESTICIDE RESIDUE EFFECTS ON LARVAL MARINE FISHES
...1.0254
LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON AQUATIC INVER-
TEBRATES ...1.0258
PHYSIOLOGIC RESPONSE OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS TO
POLLUTANTS ...1.0260
BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN
FISH ...1.0261
PESTICIDE EFFECTS ON FISH ENDOCRINE FUNCTIONS
...1.0269
EFFECTS ON THE SPERM1ATION RESPONSE OF GOLDFISH
AFTER EXPOSURE TO SELECTED PESTICIDES ...1.0270
NERVE IMPULSE TRANSMISSION CHARACTERISTICS OF
ISOLATED FISH-NERVE PREPARATIONS PERFUSED WITH
PHYSIOLOGICAL LEVELS OF SELECTED PESTICIDES
...1.0271
THE INFLUENCES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS ON
THE TOXICITY OF PESTICIDES ...1.0278
CHRONIC EFFECTS OF DURSBAN ON WARM-WATER FISH
...1.0282
UPTAKE, PERSISTENCE AND METABOLITES OF SEVIN BY
CHANNEL CATFISH .1.0284
PESTICIDE EFFECTS ON FISH ENDOCRINE FUNCTIONS
...1.0288
CONTINUOUS-FLOW BIOASSAY OF PESTICIDES TO EVALU-
ATE THE ACUTE AND CHRONIC EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES
TO FRESHWATER INVERTEBRATES . .1.0294
ACCUMULATION OF PESTICIDES IN MENHADEN ...1.0299
THE EFFECT OF DIELDRIN ON SURVIVAL AND DEVELOP-
MENT OF FISH EGGS ...1.0300
TOXICITY OF SELECTED METALS TO CONDITIONED FISH
...1.0302
EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON ESTUARINE ORGANISMS
...1.0304
EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON ESTUARINE ORGANISMS
...1.0305
EFFECTS OF TOXICANTS UPON FISH MOVEMENT PAT-
TERNS ...1.0308
2-135
-------
Pollution Effects On...
SUBJECT INDEX
EFFECT OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES ON GAME FISH POPULA-
TIONS ...1.0310
SUBLETHAL AMOUNTS OF ORGANIC INSECTICIDES AND
FISH ...1.0313
EFFECT OF HERBICIDES ON AN AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT
...1.0319
STUDY OF CHRONIC TOXICITY OF LINDANE TO SELECTED
FRESHWATER FISHES AND FOOD CHAIN ORGANISMS
...1.0337
BIOCHEMICAL ECOLOGICAL RELATIONSHIPS OF PESTI-
CIDES AND THE BIO-CONSTITUENTS OF AQUATIC COM-
MUNITIES ...1.0342
INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF SALMONID FISHES ...3.0049
EFFECT OF SUPERSATURATION OF DISSOLVED NITROGEN
ON MIGRATING SALMONIDS ...3.0083
CORRELATE NITROGEN GAS CONTENT OF WATER SUP-
PLIES WITH DISEASE ...3.0088
Environment
ECONOMIC EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES AND OTHER WASTES
ON NATURAL RESOURCE QUALITY ...1.0026
GREEN BAY RESEARCH PROGRAM ...1.0112
Chemical Effects
FATE OF HARMFUL METALS IN SOIL AND WATER
SYSTEMS ..1.0003
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL FACTORS AFFECTING FISH
...1.0246
Physical Effects
THE EFFECTS OF HERBICIDES, PESTICIDES, AND FERTIL-
IZERS ON THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF WATER ...1.0177
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL FACTORS AFFECTING FISH
...1.0246
EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION ON FISH DIS-
EASES EFFECT OF HEAT STRESS ON DISEASE RE-
SISTANCE MECHANISMS IN SALMONID FISHES ...3.0089
AQUATIC MYXOBACTERIA, CHONDROCOCCUS COLUM-
NARIS AND OTHER FISH PATHOGENS ...3.0126
Pollution Effects -general
PROVIDE A CONTINUOUS SURVEY OF THE LITERATURE
ON STORM AND COMBINED SEWERS ...1.0199
UPTAKE, PERSISTENCE AND METABOLITES OF SEVIN BY
CHANNEL CATFISH ...1.0284
PREVENTION OF PESTICIDE POLLUTION FROM COASTAL
INSECT CONTROL PROGRAMS ...1.0358
ATMOSPHERIC CONSTITUENTS OF THE TERRESTRIAL-TYPE
PLANETS ...4.0007
AN INVESTIGATION OF THE CAUSES, EFFECTS, AND CON-
TROL OF EUTROPH1CATION IN MAINE LAKES ...4.0011
Pollution Effects -other
PATTERNS OF PESTICIDE CONTAMINATION OF WATER
...1.0039
Pollution Sources -water
FATE OF HARMFUL METALS IN SOIL AND WATER
SYSTEMS 1.0003
UPPER ST. JOHNS RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY, FLORIDA
...1.0134
ENZYMES FOR ANALYSIS AND PURIFICATION OF SALINE
WATER SYSTEMS ...1.0153
WATERSHED ANALYSIS RELATING TO EUTROPHICATION
OF LAKE MICHIGAN ...1.0162
QUALITY OF STORM WATER DRAINAGE FROM URBAN
LAND AREAS IN NORTH CAROLINA ...1.0187
THE BIOASSAY OF WATER POLLUTANTS WITH CULTURED
MAMMALIAN CELLS 1.0200
THE FATE AND EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES IN THE AQUATIC
ENVIRONMENT OF THE FLATHEAD LAKE DRAINAGE
AREA ...1.0297
TRIBUTARY SURVEY OF LAKES ONTARIO AND ERIE
...2.0220
Agricultural Chemicals
EFFECT OF USING RUNOFF WATER IN RECHARGE WELLS-
HIGH PLAINS AREA ...1.0100
RURAL RUNOFF CONTROL ...1.0135
Fertilizers
INTERACTION OF FERTILIZERS WITH PESTICIDES AS RE-
LATED TO WATER QUALITY IN SOILS ...1.0008
NUTRIENT AND WATER INPUTS AND OUTGO FROM THE
ORGANIC AND MINERAL SOILS IN THE LAKE APOPKA
AREA ...1.0027
NUTRIENT & WATER INPUTS & OUTGO FROM THE OR-
GANIC & MINERAL SOILS IN THE LAKE APOPKA AREA
1.0029
PROPERTIES OF TILE DRAINAGE WATER ...1.0045
ROW LENGTH, GRADE AND DRAINAGE REQUIREMENTS OF
CROPS ...1.0049
SOIL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND SOIL WATER MOVE-
MENT ...1.0072
NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS, HERBICIDE MOVEMENT BY SOIL
WATER AND SOURCES OF CONTAMINATION ...1.0073
EFFECT OF AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS ON THE QUALITY
OF GROUND AND SURFACE WATERS ...1.0080
FATES OF AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS IN SOILS ...1.0092
EVALUATION AND DEMONSTRATION OF IRRIGATION
METHODS AND PRACTICES TO REDUCE CONTAMINA-
TION IN IRRIGATION WASTE WATER ...1.0104
PREDICTING MINERAL QUALITY OF RETURN FLOW
WATER ...1.0122
POLLUTION LOADS IN RUNOFF FROM SMALL AGRICUL-
TURAL WATERSHEDS ...1.0154
THE EFFECTS OF HERBICIDES, PESTICIDES, AND FERTIL-
IZERS ON THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF WATER ...1.0177
LOSSES OF FERTILIZERS AND PESTICIDES IN RUNOFF ERO-
SION ...1.0178
FERTILIZERS AND SEDIMENTS AS WATER POLLUTANTS
...1.0179
AGRICULTURAL CONTRIBUTIONS TO NUTRIENTS IN
WATER ...1.0186
QUANTIFICATION OF POLLUTANTS IN AGRICULTURAL RU-
NOFF ...1.0204
INVESTIGATION OF RICE IRRIGATION RETURN FLOWS
TEXAS COASTAL PRAIRIE REGION ...1.0209
RELATIVE LEACHING RATES OF COMMON NITROGEN CAR-
RIERS FROM SANDY SOILS IN RELATION TO LAKE
EUTROPHICATION ...4.0006
Pesticides
CONTROL METHODS FOR JUNIPERS, SHRUB LIVE OAK,
AND ASSOCIATED WEEDS ...1.0004
PESTICIDE MOBILITY AND DEGRADATION IN SOIL-WATER
SYSTEMS ...1.0006
PESTICIDE RESIDUES ON ARIZONA CROPS ...1.0007
INTERACTION OF FERTILIZERS WITH PESTICIDES AS RE-
LATED TO WATER QUALITY IN SOILS ...1.0008
MOVEMENT OF CHLORINATED HYDROCARBON INSECTI-
CIDES IN SOILS ...1.0011
SORPT1ON AND MOVEMENT OF POLLUTED WATER IN SOIL
...1.0012
PESTICIDE MOBILITY AND DEGRADATION IN SOIL-WATER
SYSTEMS ...1.0013
VOLATILIZATION LOSSES OF PESTICIDES FROM SOILS
...1.0016
RESPROUTING OF CHAPARRAL ...1.0017
ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR PESTICIDES IN SOIL AND
WATER ...1.0018
RESIDUES OF SELECTED PESTICIDES IN PLANTS, ANIMALS.
AND THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT ...1.0019
REACTIONS OF PESTICIDES WITH SOILS IN RELATION TO
SOIL PRODUCTIVITY IN THE SOUTHWEST ...1.0021
BEHAVIOR OF POLLUTANTS IN WATER ...1.0022
PESTICIDE MOBILITY AND DEGRADATION IN SOIL-WATER
SYSTEMS ...1.0023
CHLORINATED PESTICIDES IN THE SOIL-WATER-PLANT
SYSTEM AND THEIR MANAGEMENT TO AVOID POLLU-
TION ...1.0024
CONTROL OF WEEDS IN AGRONOMIC AND VEGETABLE
CROPS WITH HERBICIDES ...1.0025
2-136
-------
SUBJECT INDEX
Pollution Sources -water
ECONOMIC EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES AND OTHER WASTES
ON NATURAL RESOURCE QUALITY ...1.0026
NUTRIENT & WATER INPUTS & OUTGO FROM THE OR-
GANIC & MINERAL SOILS IN THE LAKE APOPKA AREA
...1.0029
THE DISPOSITION OF PESTICIDES IN THE SOIL ...1.0030
PESTICIDE POLLUTION OF FARMSTEAD WATER SUPPLIES
IN THE SOUTHEAST ...1.0032
PESTICIDES IN SOILS AND WATERS OF THE SOUTHERN
PIEDMONT ...1.0033
PESTICIDE MOBILITY AND DEGRADATION IN SOIL-WATER
SYSTEMS ...1.0034
POLLUTION EFFECTS ON GROUND WATER RECHARGE IN
HAWAII ...1.0036
REDUCTION OF HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH RESIDUES OF
INSECTICIDAL CHEMICALS IN THE ENVIRONMENT
...1.0037
PATTERNS OF PESTICIDE CONTAMINATION OF WATER
...1.0039
EFFECT OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES AND OTHER ORGANO-
TOXICANTS ON THE QUALITY OF SURFACE AND
GROUNDWATER RESOURCES ...1.0041
CHARACTERIZATION OF SURFACES OF CRYSTALLINE AND
AMORPHOUS SOIL COLLOIDS ...1.0042
PROPERTIES OF TILE DRAINAGE WATER ...1.0045
REDUCTION OF RESIDUES OF INSECTICIDAL CHEMICALS
IN THE ENVIRONMENT ...1.0046
REMOVAL OF CONTAMINANTS FROM RURAL WATER SUP-
PLIES ...1.0047
ROW LENGTH, GRADE AND DRAINAGE REQUIREMENTS OF
CROPS ...1.0049
WATER AND SOIL POLLUTION BY FARM CHEMICALS IN
THE LOWER MISSISSIPPI DELTA ...1.0050
CHEMICAL CONTAMINANTS IN SOIL AND WATER RUNOFF
IN NEW ENGLAND ...1.0051
PESTICIDE POLLUTION OF FARMSTEAD WATER SUPPLIES
IN THE NORTHEAST ...1.0052
BEHAVIOR OF PESTICIDES AND POLLUTANTS IN SOIL,
WATER. AND PLANTS ...1.0053
CONTROL OF PESTICIDES IN SOIL AND WATER ...1.0054
PERSISTENCE, ACCUMULATION AND FATE OF PESTICIDES
IN CRANBERRY SOILS AND RESERVOIRS ...1.0055
TRANSLOCATION OF PESTICIDES FROM CRANBERRY BOGS
TO THEIR SURROUNDINGS ...1.0056
ANALYSIS OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES ...1.0058
FATE OF PESTICIDES ...1.0064
SOILS, PESTICIDES AND THE QUALITY OF WATER ...1.0065
SOIL AND WATER MANAGEMENT FOR SALINITY CONTROL
- PHASE II ...1.0066
AN EVALUATION OF THE INSECTICIDE 'SEVIN' AS A
WATERSHED POLLUTANT ...1.0067
ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLING
IN ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS ...1.0068
MULTI-DISCIPLINARY RESEARCH IN POLLUTION ...1.0070
MOVEMENT OF HERBICIDES OFF, INTO AND THROUGH
SOILS ...1.0071
EFFECTS OF VEGETATIVE COVERS UPON RUNOFF FROM
PRINCIPAL SOILS OF WESTERN NORTH CAROLINA
...1.0074
FATE OF POLLUTANTS IN GROUND WATER ...1.0079
EFFECT OF AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS ON THE QUALITY
OF GROUND AND SURFACE WATERS ...1.0080
BEHAVIOR OF SPECIFIC HERBICIDES IN PLANTS AND SOILS
...1.0081
PESTICIDE MOBILITY AND DEGRADATION IN SOIL-WATER
SYSTEMS ...1.0085
PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF PERSISTENCE AND
MOVEMENT OF HERBICIDES IN SOIL ...1.0090
CHARACTERISTICS AND POLLUTIONAL PROBLEMS OF
PESTICIDE MANUFACTURING WASTES ...1.0093
FATE OF HERBICIDES IN PLANTS AND SOILS ...1.0095
INACTIVATION AND LOSS OF PESTICIDES FROM SOIL
...1.0097
MOVEMENT OF INSECTICIDES IN SOIL AND WATER ...1.0098
MOVEMENT OF HERBICIDES IN SOIL, SURFACE WATER
AND UNDERGROUND WATER ...1.0099
EFFECT OF USING RUNOFF WATER IN RECHARGE WELLS-
HIGH PLAINS AREA ...1.0100
EFFECT OF PESTICIDES ON THE QUALITY OF SURFACE
AND GROUND WATERS IN THE WESTERN GULF REGION
...1.0101
QUALITY OF IRRIGATION RETURN FLOW ...1.0102
SOILS, PESTICIDES, AND THE QUALITY OF WATER ...1.0103
DEVELOPMENT OF ON-SITE BIOASSAY METHODS ...1.0108
INTERFERING SOIL CONSTITUENTS IN DETERMINATION OF
PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN SOIL AND WATER ...1.0109
IDENTIFICATION AND DETERMINATION OF PESTICIDE
RESIDUES IN SOIL AND RUNOFF AND DRAINAGE
WATERS. ..1.0110
FATE OF INSECTICIDES IN SOIL AND THEIR MOVEMENT IN
WATER AND CROPS ...1.0111
GREEN BAY RESEARCH PROGRAM ,.1.0112
METABOLISM OF ENDRIN IN PONDS ...1.0113
PHOTOCHEMICAL METHODS FOR PURIFYING WATER
...1.0115
AN INVESTIGATION INTO RECREATIONAL WATER QUALI-
TY CRITERIA ...1.0117
ORGANIC SUBSTANCES IN WATER ...1.0119
ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY OF SAN FRANCISCO BAY
WATERS AND SEDIMENTS ...1.0120
STUDY OF ELECTROHYDRAULIC WATER TREATMENT
...1.0121
PREDICTING MINERAL QUALITY OF RETURN FLOW
WATER ...1.0122
IMPACT ON MAN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION
CAUSED BY LEAD ...1.0123
ATTENTION AND RUNOFF OF PESTICIDES FROM AGRICUL-
TURAL LANDS TO SURFACE WATERS ...1.0124
COOPERATIVE HERBICIDE MONITORING STUDY IN IRRIGA-
TION SYSTEMS ...1.0125
PESTICIDE KINETICS ...1.0127
ESTUARINE ECOSYSTEMS ...1.0128
CHEMICAL ANALYSES ...1.0129
EFFLUENT INFLUENCES OF THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER ON THE
CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY OF ADJACENT OCEAN
SYSTEMS ...1.0130
ANAEROBIC DEGRADATION OF AROMATIC COMPOUNDS
IN THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT ...1.0131
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS IN THE SURVIVAL OF MAN
...1.0132
EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON ESTUARINE PRODUCTIVITY
...1.0133
UPPER ST. JOHNS RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY, FLORIDA
...1.0134
FLUORESCENT PROBES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEW
ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR WATER POLLUTION
...1.0137
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN PESTICIDES AND GEORGIA
FARM POND ECOSYSTEMS ...1.0138
TOXAPHENE CONTAMINATION ESTUARINE ECOLOGY
...I.OI39
A STUDY PROGRAM TO IDENTIFY PROBLEMS RELATED TO
OCEANIC ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY NORTH ATLAN-
TIC ...1.0140
SOILS, PESTICIDES AND THE QUALITY OF WATER ...1.0141
STUDY OF METHODS FOR REDUCING WATER POLLUTION
FROM STORM SEWER AND COMBINATION DISCHARGES
THROUGH DEFINED PUBLIC WORKS PRACTICES ...1.0142
PESTICIDE MONITORING PROGRAM LAKE MICHIGAN
...1.0143
RESEARCH INITIATION FATE OF SELECTED OR-
GANOPHOSPHATE AND CARBAMATE INSECTICIDES IN
SURFACE WATERS ...1.0146
GREAT LAKES PESTICIDE MONITORING PROGRAM, INDI-
ANA ...1.0147
THE FACTOR CONTROLLING THE DYNAMICS OF NON-
IONIC SYNTHETIC ORGANIC CHEMICALS IN AQUATIC
ENVIRONMENTS ...1.0148
LIMNOLOGICAL FACTORS AFFECTING PESTICIDE
RESIDUES IN SURFACE WATERS ...1.0149
DETECTION AND IDENTIFICATION OF MOLECULAR WATER
POLLUTANTS BY LASER RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY ...1.0151
GEOGRAPHIC ATLAS OF PESTICIDE OCCURRENCE IN THE
BARATARIA BAY-MISSISSIPPI DELTA ...1.0152
ENZYMES FOR ANALYSIS AND PURIFICATION OF SALINE
WATER SYSTEMS ...1.0153
2-137
-------
Pollution Sources -water
SUBJECT INDEX
POLLUTION LOADS IN RUNOFF FROM SMALL AGRICUL-
TURAL WATERSHEDS ..1.0154
PESTICIDE MONITORING PROGRAM ...1.0156
MASSACHUSETTS PESTICIDE MONITORING STUDY ...1.0157
A STUDY PROGRAM TO IDENTIFY PROBLEMS RELATED TO
OCEANIC ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY - NORTH ATLAN-
TIC ...1.0158
ADSORPTION OF PESTICIDES FROM SEA WATER ...1.0159
MONITORING OF PESTICIDE LEVELS IN THE GREAT LAKES
...1.0160
AN ECOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF STREAM EUTROPHICA-
TION ...1.0161
PESTICIDE MONITORING OF AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT,
MICHIGAN PORTION OF THE GREAT LAKES BASIN
...1.0163
PESTICIDE MONITORING OF AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT,
MICHIGAN PORTION OF THE GREAT LAKES BASIN
...1.0164
PESTICIDE TESTING FOR SETTING STANDARDS ...1.0165
PESTICIDES INPUTS AND LEVELS IN MINNESOTA WATERS
OF LAKE SUPERIOR BASIN ...1.0166
PRESTICIDE INPUTS AND LEVELS IN MINNESOTA WATERS
OF THE LAKE SUPERIOR BASIN . .1.0167
A TISSUE ENZYME ASSAY FOR CHLORINATED HYDROCAR-
BON INSECTICIDES ...1.0168
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SEDIMENTS
...1.0170
DEVELOP IN-HOUSE CAPABILITY IN WATER QUALITY
TECHNIQUES FOR ANALYSES OF HEAVY METALS, BAC-
TERIA, AND PESTICIDE RESIDUES ...1.0171
SERVICES FOR THE QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF PESTI-
CIDES IN SEA WATER AND BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES ...1.0172
DEVELOPMENT OF FIELD METHODS IN SAMPLING WATER
FOR PESTICIDE ANALYSIS .1.0173
THE EFFECTS OF HERBICIDES, PESTICIDES, AND FERTIL-
IZERS ON THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF WATER ...1.0177
LOSSES OF FERTILIZERS AND PESTICIDES IN RUNOFF ERO-
SION ...1.0178
FERTILIZERS AND SEDIMENTS AS WATER POLLUTANTS
..1.0179
RAPID DETECTION OF TOXIC MATERIALS IN WATER
...1.0180
SORPTION AND DESORPTION OF CHLORINATED
HYDROCARBON PESTICIDES IN AQUATIC SEDIMENT
MINERALS ...1.0181
GROUND AND SURFACE WATERS - POLLUTION ...1.0182
DEEPWATER PILOT PLANT-ENGINEERING AND INTERCEP-
TOR FEASIBILITY ...1.0183
DEEPWATER PILOT PLANT ENGINEERING AND INTERCEP-
TOR FEASIBILITY STUDY ...1.0184
CONCENTRATION AND ANALYSIS OF PESTICIDES AND
OTHER RECALCITRANT MOLECULES IN WATER SUP-
PLIES BY ULTRAFILTRATION ...1.0185
AGRICULTURAL CONTRIBUTIONS TO NUTRIENTS IN
WATER ...1.0186
QUALITY OF STORM WATER DRAINAGE FROM URBAN
LAND AREAS IN NORTH CAROLINA ...1.0187
CHROMATOGRAPHIC CONCENTRATION OF PESTICIDES
FROM A LARGE MASS OF WATER ...1.0188
CONTAMINATION OF SURFACE AND GROUND WATER
WITH INSECTICIDES AND HERBICIDES APPLIED TO CUL-
TIVATED CROPS ...1.0189
CHEMICAL AND SEDIMENT MOVEMENT FROM AGRICUL-
TURAL LAND INTO LAKE ERIE ...1.0191
PESTICIDES MOVEMENT FROM CROPLAND INTO LAKE
ERIE ...1.0193
RELATION OF AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES TO WATER
QUALITY IN NORTH APPALACHIAN REGION ...1.0194
QUANTITATIVE METHODS FOR PESTICIDES IN NATURAL
WATERS ...1.0198
THE BIOASSAY OF WATER POLLUTANTS WITH CULTURED
MAMMALIAN CELLS ...1.0200
TRANSFER OF PESTICIDES THROUGH WATER, SEDIMENTS
AND AQUATIC LIFE ...1.0201
TRANSFER OF PESTICIDES THROUGH SOILS, WATER SEDI-
MENTS AND AQUATIC LIFE ...1.0202
FISHERIES UNIT ...1.0203
QUANTIFICATION OF POLLUTANTS IN AGRICULTURAL RU-
NOFF ...1.0204
CHEMICAL, PHYSICAL, AND BIOLOGICAL DYNAMICS OF
NORTHERN PRAJRIE LAKES ...1.0205
PESTICIDE LEVELS IN WATER AND WILDLIFE OF REEL-
FOOT LAKE, TENNESSEE ...1.0208
INVESTIGATION OF RICE IRRIGATION RETURN FLOWS -
TEXAS COASTAL PRAIRIE REGION ...1.0209
CHARACTERISTICS AND POLLUTIONAL PROBLEMS OF
PESTICIDE MANUFACTURING WASTES ...1.0210
ELECTROPHORETIC CLARIFICATION OF WATER ...1.0211
LIVESTOCK DETOXICATING MECHANISMS OF PESTICIDES
...1.0212
PESTICIDES AND MICROBIAL ECOLOGY OF LAKE CHAM-
PLAIN ...1.0213
DISTRIBUTION OF ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDE
RESIDUES IN NATURAL WATERS AND SEDIMENTS
...1.0215
IMPROVING WATER QUALITY BY REMOVAL OF PESTICIDE
POLLUTANTS WITH AQUATIC PLANTS ...1.0216
PESTICIDE MONITORING ...1.0217
SOURCES OF QUALITY IMPAIRMENT OF SURFACE WATERS
...1.0218
OCCURRENCE OF PESTICIDES IN AQUATIC ENVIRON-
MENTS ...1.0219
MICROBIOLOGY OF FARM PONDS ...1.0220
EVALUATION OF PESTICIDE SOURCES AND LEVELS TRIBU-
TARY TO LAKES MICHIGAN AND SUPERIOR ...1.0221
TERMINAL RESIDUES OF CHLORINATED HYDROCARBON
PESTICIDES IN LAKE MICHIGAN AND ASSOCIATED
TRIBUTARIES ...1.0222
INSECTICIDE ADSORPTION BY LAKE SEDIMENTS AS A FAC-
TOR CONTROLLING INSECTICIDE ACCUMULATION IN
LAKES ...1.0223
INSECTICIDE ADSORPTION BY LAKE SEDIMENTS AS A FAC-
TOR CONTROLLING INSECTICIDE ACCUMULATION IN
LAKES ...1.0224
ARTIFICIAL SUBSTRATE SAMPLERS AS INDICATORS OF
WATER QUALITY ...1.0225
ATOMIC ABSORPTION ANALYSIS OF PHOSPHATES IN
WATER ...1.0227
PESTICIDES RESEARCH ...1.0232
THE OCCURRENCE OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN THE LOWER
BRISBANE RIVER AND IN THE TISSUES OF ESTUARINE
ANIMALS ...1.0233
RESEARCH STUDY ON THE EFFECTS OF POLLUTION ON
SUB-TROPICAL FISH AND CRUSTACEANS ...1.0237
PESTICIDE MONITORING PROGRAM ...1.0238
ENZYME SYSTEMS OF ESTUARINE ORGANISMS ...1.0239
BEHAVIOR OF ESTUARINE ANIMALS ...1.0240
LABORATORY BIOASSAYS ...1.0241
PHYSIOLOGY OF ESTUARINE ORGANISMS ...1.0242
EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON MARINE ANIMALS ...1.0244
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL FACTORS AFFECTING FISH
...1.0246
CONTAMINATION OF CHANNEL CATFISH WITH DIELDRIN
FROM AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF ...1.0247
PESTICIDE CONTAMINATION OF ENVIRONMENT ...1.0250
TOXICITY OF POLLUTANTS TO STRIPED BASS ...1.0251
THE EFFECTS OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES ON LARVAL AND
JUVENILE WINTER FLOUNDER IN THE WEWEANTIC
RIVER ESTUARY, MASSACHUSETTS ...1.0253
PESTICIDE RESIDUE EFFECTS ON LARVAL MARINE FISHES
...1.0254
RATES OF PESTICIDE BUILDUP IN SALMONIDS RECENTLY
INTRODUCED IN THE GREAT LAKES ..1.0256
FIELD STUDIES OF PESTICIDE EFFECTS ON FISHES ...1.0257
LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON AQUATIC INVER-
TEBRATES ...1.0258
QUALITY FACTORS OF LAKE MICHIGAN COHO SALMON
FLESH ...1.0259
BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN
FISH ...1.0261
MAGNITUDE AND NATURE OF POLYCHLORINATED
BIPHENYLS IN COHO SALMON ...1.0262
A TISSUE ENZYME ASSAY FOR CHLORINATED HYDROCAR-
BON INSECTICIDES ...1.0265
PESTICIDE EFFECTS ON FISH ENDOCRINE FUNCTIONS
...1.0269
2-138
-------
SUBJECT INDEX
Pollution Sources -water
EFFECTS OF PARATHION AND MALATHION ON WARM-
WATER FISH PONDS ...1.0283
UPTAKE, PERSISTENCE AND METABOLITES OF SEVIN BY
CHANNEL CATFISH ...1.0284
PESTICIDE EFFECTS ON FISH ENDOCRINE FUNCTIONS
...1.0288
UPTAKE AND METABOLISM BY FISH OF 2,4-D DIMETHYL
AMINE SALT ...1.0293
CONTINUOUS-FLOW B1OASSAY OF PESTICIDES TO EVALU-
ATE THE ACUTE AND CHRONIC EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES
TO FRESHWATER INVERTEBRATES ...1.0294
THE FATE AND EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES IN THE AQUATIC
ENVIRONMENT OF THE FLATHEAD LAKE DRAINAGE
AREA ...1.0297
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE USE OF AGRICUL-
TURAL CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS AND THEIR
RESIDUES IN CHANNEL CATFISH ...1.0298
ACCUMULATION OF PESTICIDES IN MENHADEN ...1.0299
THE EFFECT OF DIELDRIN ON SURVIVAL AND DEVELOP-
MENT OF FISH EGGS ...1.0300
THE UPTAKE OF DIELDRIN IN THE THREE RIDGED NAIAD,
AMBLEMA PLICATA ...1.0301
BIOCHEMICAL EFFECTS OF TOXIC CHEMICALS ...1.0303
EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON ESTUARINE ORGANISMS
..1.0304
EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON ESTUARINE ORGANISMS
1.0305
PESTICIDE TOXICITY TO MARINE FISH AND INVER-
TEBRATES ...1.03*7
EFFECT OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES ON GAME FISH POPULA-
TIONS ...1.0310
ELIMINATE OR REDUCE EFFECTS OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES
...1.0311
SUBLETHAL AMOUNTS OF ORGANIC INSECTICIDES AND
FISH ...1.0313
REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF FISH-EATING BIRDS IN
NORTHERN CALIFORNIA ...1.0320
PESTICIDES AND WILDLIFE ...1.0324
SELECTED PESTICIDES VS. WILDLIFE IN AQUATIC EN-
VIRONMENTS ...1.032S
PESTICIDE MONITORING PROGRAM LAKE MICHIGAN AND
TRIBUTARIES IN ILLINOIS ...1.0328
FATE OF AQUATIC HERBICIDES IN THE AQUATIC EN-
VIRONMENT ..1.0329
THE FATE OF SELECT PESTICIDES IN THE AQUATIC EN-
VIRONMENT ...1.0330
ILLINOIS LAWS AFFECTING AGRICULTURE ...1.0332
DISTRIBUTION AND METABOLIC FATE OF INDUSTRIAL
POLLUTANTS AND PESTICIDES IN A MODEL AQUATIC
ECOSYSTEM ...1.0333
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS OF PESTICIDE USAGE
...1.0334
IMPACT OF PESTICIDES UPON SEMI-WILD ECOSYSTEMS
..1.0335
AN INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECTS OF DDT AND OTHER
CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS ON THE GROWTH OF
EURYHALINE MICROALGAE ...1.0336
STUDY OF CHRONIC TOXICITY OF LINDANE TO SELECTED
FRESHWATER FISHES AND FOOD CHAIN ORGANISMS
...1.0337
MECHANISMS OF PESTICIDE ACCUMULATION IN AQUATIC
ORGANISMS ...1.0338
ECOLOGY OF PESTICIDES IN AN AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM
...1.0339
BIOCHEMICAL ECOLOGICAL RELATIONSHIPS OF PESTI-
CIDES AND THE BIO-CONSTITUENTS OF AQUATIC COM-
MUNITIES ...1.0342
TRACE LEVELS OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN AGRICUL-
TURAL COMMODITIES IN MARKETING CHANNELS
...1.0344
SELECTED PESTICIDES IN AQUATIC FUNGI IN THE THREE
RIVERS AREA ...1.0345
TOXICITY HAZARD OF POLYCHOLORINATED BIPHENYLS
TO AQUATIC LIFE ...1.0347
INFLUENCE OF PROTOZOAN ACTIVITY ON HALOGENATED
HYDROCARBON RESIDUES - INTERACTION BETWEEN
MICROORGANISMS AND PESTICIDES ...1.0349
STUDIES ON THE UPTAKE AND TRANSLOCATION OF C14-
LABELED DDT AND ALDRIN IN INVERTEBRATE POPULA-
TIONS, FY 1970 ...1.0354
RESPIRATION RATES OF FISH-FOOD INVERTEBRATES EX-
POSED TO PESTICIDES ...1.0355
STUDY OF CHRONIC TOXICITY OF PARATHION TO
SELECTED FRESHWATER FISHES AND FOOD CHAIN OR-
GANISMS ...1.0357
PREVENTION OF PESTICIDE POLLUTION FROM COASTAL
INSECT CONTROL PROGRAMS ..1.0358
ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY OF PESTICIDES ...1.0361
INTERCEPTION AND DEGRADATION OF PESTICIDES BY
AQUATIC ALGAE ...1.0363
CHEMICAL BIOCIDES IN LAKES ...1.0364
THE EFFECT OF PESTICIDES ON AN ECOSYSTEM ...1.0365
PESTICIDE LEVELS IN BIRDS WINTERING ON LAKE
MICHIGAN ..1.0367
CONTROL OF WEEDS AND CERTAIN OTHER AQUATIC
PESTS IN THE PACIFIC SOUTHWEST ...2.0101
PHYSIOLOGY, BIOCHEMISTRY AND CONTROL OF AQUATIC
WEEDS, CHEMISTRY OF HERBICIDES ...2.0105
AROMATIC SOLVENT AQUATIC HERBICIDES AND EMULSI-
FYING AGENT TESTING ...2.0107
HERBICIDE RESIDUES ...2.0109
AQUATIC PEST CONTROL ...2.0112
AQUATIC PLANT CONTROL ...2.0128
THE INFLUENCE OF HERBICIDES USED ON HORTICUL-
TURAL CROPS ON STREAM ECOLOGY ...2.0150
RESPONSE OF PLANT COMMUNITIES TO SUSTAINED USE
OF HERBICIDES ...2.0161
INVESTIGATION OF AQUATIC WEED PROBLEMS AND
MEANS OF CONTROL, WITH EMPHASIS ON BRAZILIAN
WATERWEED ...2.0167
METHODS FOR CONTROLLING ALLIGATORWEED AND
OTHER WEEDS IN CANALS, WATERWAYS, AND AD-
JACENT WATERS IN THE SOUTHEASTERN U. S. ...2.0186
ASSESSMENT OF LAKE TROUT RESTORATION IN MICHIGAN
WATERS OF LAKE MICHIGAN, 1969-70 ...2.0202
THE EFFICACY OF MONSANTO NO. 51294 AS A FISH TOXI-
CANT (LABORATORY) ...2.0243
CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION OF BIOLOGICALLY IMPOR-
TANT NATURAL PRODUCTS ...2.0265
ATMOSPHERIC CONSTITUENTS OF THE TERRESTRIAL-TYPE
PLANETS ...4.0007
INFLUENCE OF SUSPENDED MICROSCOPIC SUBSTANCES
ON THE METABOLISM OF MICROORGANISMS RESPONSI-
BLE FOR BIOLOGICAL ENRICHMENT OF WATER ...4.0027
LAKE ONTARIO INTERIM COMPREHENSIVE FISHERIES
MANAGEMENT PLAN ...4.0082
Animal Wastes - Feed Lots
ECONOMIC EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES AND OTHER WASTES
ON NATURAL RESOURCE QUALITY ...1.0026
QUANTIFICATION OF POLLUTANTS IN AGRICULTURAL RU-
NOFF .1.0204
Biological Organisms
AN INVESTIGATION INTO RECREATIONAL WATER QUALI-
TY CRITERIA ...1.0117
Algal Pollutant Sources
MICROBIOLOGY OF FARM PONDS ...1.0220
DYNAMICS OF ALGAE POPULATIONS IN FARM FISH PONDS
...2.0094
INVESTIGATIONS OF ALGAE INHIBITING MATERIALS
...2.0106
A STUDY OF INHIBITORY COMPOUNDS PRODUCED BY
FRESH-WATER ALGAE ...2.0138
ALGAE CONTROL BY ARTIFICIAL MIXING IN LAKE
COCHITUATE ...2.0149
EVALUATION OF POND CONDITIONS FOLLOWING FER-
TILIZATION ...2.0153
EVALUATION OF SOME ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
CAUSING ALGAL BLOOMS ...2.0165
EUTROPHICATION EFFECT OF FLOW AUGMENTATION
...2.0168
EUTROPHICATION PHYSICAL ECOLOGICAL CONTROL
...2.0171
2-139
465-868 O - 72 - 20
-------
Pollution Sources -water
SUBJECT INDEX
EUTROPHICATION - PILOT OPERATIONS ...2.0172
NUISANCE ALGAL GROWTH RELATED TO ENVIRONMEN-
TAL FACTORS ...2.0180
LYSIS OF BLUE-GREEN ALGAE BY BACTERIAL ENZYMES
AND THEIR POSSIBLE USE IN CONTROLLING ALGAL
BLOOMS .2.0184
RESEARCH IN LIMNOLOGY INTERRELATIONS OF
HYDROLOGY AND AQUATIC ECOLOGY ...4.0002
ATMOSPHERIC CONSTITUENTS OF THE TERRESTRIAL-TYPE
PLANETS ...4.0007
EUTROPHICATION OF IOWA LAKES AND STREAMS ...4.0008
OCCURRENCE OF FILAMENTOUS SLIMES ORGANISMS
BELOW OUTFALLS ...4.0009
AN INVESTIGATION OF THE CAUSES, EFFECTS. AND CON-
TROL OF EUTROPHICATION IN MAINE LAKES ..4.0011
NUTRIENT CONTROL PROJECT DETROIT LAKES, MIN-
NESOTA ...4.0015
PHYTOPLANKTON NUTRITION AND PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN
EUTROPHIC LAKES ...4.0016
A STUDY OF ALGAL POPULATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH DIF-
FERENT LEVELS OF WATER QUALITY IN NEW
HAMPSHIRE ...4.0018
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN WATER QUALITY AND PLANT
GROWTH \N PONDS ...4.0019
STUDIES IN PHYSIOLOGY ECOLOGY AND LIFE HISTORIES
OF ALGAE ...4.0022
Animal Pollutant Sources
ECOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF THE DEVELOPMENT AND
FEEDING HABITS OF SIMULIUM SPP. (BLACK FLIES)
.4.0069
Bacterial Pollutant Sources
PESTICIDE POLLUTION OF FARMSTEAD WATER SUPPLIES
IN THE SOUTHEAST ...1.0032
INVESTIGATION INTO RECREATIONAL WATER QUALITY
CRITERIA ...1.0116
EFFECTS OF CHEMICAL IMPURITIES IN WATER DISINFEC-
TION BY HALOGENS ...1.0155
DEVELOP IN-HOUSE CAPABILITY IN WATER QUALITY
TECHNIQUES FOR ANALYSES OF HEAVY METALS, BAC-
TERIA, AND PESTICIDE RESIDUES ...1.0171
GROUND AND SURFACE WATERS - POLLUTION ...1.0182
QUALITY OF STORM WATER DRAINAGE FROM URBAN
LAND AREAS IN NORTH CAROLINA ...1.0187
QUANTIFICATION OF POLLUTANTS IN AGRICULTURAL RU-
NOFF ...1.0204
ELECTROPHORETIC CLARIFICATION OF WATER ...1.0211
SOURCES OF QUALITY IMPAIRMENT OF SURFACE WATERS
. .1.0218
MICROBIOLOGY OF FARM PONDS ...1.0220
VIBRIO PARAHAEMOLYTICUS IN CHESAPEAKE BAY
ISOLATION. INCIDENCE AND PATHOGENICITY ...3.0026
OCCURRENCE OF FILAMENTOUS SLIMES ORGANISMS
BELOW OUTFALLS ...4.0009
Plant Pollutants
EFFECT OF HERBICIDES ON AN AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT
...1.0319
AQUATIC WEED CONTROL RESEARCH ...2.0100
AQUATIC PLANT CONTROL ...2.0128
CONTROL OF UNDESIRABLE AQUATIC VEGETATION IN
LAKE TANEYCOMO, MISSOURI ...2.0154
EUTROPHICATION BIOLOGICAL CONTROL USING
GRAZERS ...2.0170
IMPROVING SURFACE WATER CONDITIONS THROUGH
CONTROL AND DISPOSAL OF AQUATIC VEGETATION,
PHASE II ...2.0181
IMPROVING SURFACE WATER CONDITIONS THROUGH
CONTROL AND DISPOSAL OF AQUATIC VEGETATION
...2.0182
CHANGES IN WATER ENVIRONMENT RESULTING FROM
AQUATIC PLANT CONTROL ...2.0183
CHEMICAL CONTROL OF AQUATIC WEED NUISANCES
.2.0185
TISSUE ANALYSIS FOR NUTRIENT ASSAY OF NATURAL
WATERS ..4.0030
Domestic Wastes
GREEN BAY RESEARCH PROGRAM ...1.0112
DEEPWATER PILOT PLANT-ENGINEERING AND INTERCEP-
TOR FEASIBILITY . .1.0183
Sanitary Landfills
NUTRIENT CONTROL PROJECT DETROIT LAKES, MIN-
NESOTA ...4.0015
Sewage
POLLUTION EFFECTS ON GROUND WATER RECHARGE IN
HAWAII ...1.0036
PESTICIDES INPUTS AND LEVELS IN MINNESOTA WATERS
OF LAKE SUPERIOR BASIN ...1.0166
GROUND AND SURFACE WATERS - POLLUTION ...1.0182
PROVIDE A CONTINUOUS SURVEY OF THE LITERATURE
ON STORM AND COMBINED SEWERS ...1.0199
MICROBIOLOGY OF FARM PONDS ...1.0220
BIOCHEMICAL EFFECTS OF TOXIC CHEMICALS ...1.0303
INTERACTIONS BETWEEN AQUATIC PLANTS AND SEWAGE
EFFLUENT ...4.0001
OCCURRENCE OF FILAMENTOUS SLIMES ORGANISMS
BELOW OUTFALLS ...4.0009
PHYTOPLANKTON NUTRITION AND PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN
EUTROPHIC LAKES ...4.0016
Effluents, -waste Water
PHOTOCHEMICAL METHODS FOR PURIFYING WATER
...1.0115
INVESTIGATION INTO RECREATIONAL WATER QUALITY
CRITERIA ...1.0116
WATERSHED ANALYSIS RELATING TO EUTROPHICATION
OF LAKE MICHIGAN ...1.0162
GROUND AND SURFACE WATERS - POLLUTION ...1.0182
TOXICITY OF POLLUTANTS TO STRIPED BASS ...1.0251
PESTICIDE MONITORING PROGRAM LAKE MICHIGAN AND
TRIBUTARIES IN ILLINOIS ...1.0328
INTERACTIONS BETWEEN AQUATIC PLANTS AND SEWAGE
EFFLUENT ...4.0001
Industrial Wastes
CHARACTERISTICS AND POLLUTIONAL PROBLEMS OF
PESTICIDE MANUFACTURING WASTES ...1.0093
GREEN BAY RESEARCH PROGRAM ...1.0112
DETECTION AND IDENTIFICATION OF MOLECULAR WATER
POLLUTANTS BY LASER RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY ...1.0151
DEEPWATER PILOT PLANT-ENGINEERING AND INTERCEP-
TOR FEASIBILITY ...1.0183
DEEPWATER PILOT PLANT ENGINEERING AND INTERCEP-
TOR FEASIBILITY STUDY ...1.0184
TOXICITY OF POLLUTANTS TO STRIPED BASS ...1.0251
EFFECTS OF TOXICANTS UPON FISH MOVEMENT PAT-
TERNS ...1.0308
DISTRIBUTION AND METABOLIC FATE OF INDUSTRIAL
POLLUTANTS AND PESTICIDES IN A MODEL AQUATIC
ECOSYSTEM . .1.0333
Mans Activities
GREEN BAY RESEARCH PROGRAM ...1.0112
EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON ESTUARINE PRODUCTIVITY
...1.0133
GEOGRAPHIC ATLAS OF PESTICIDE OCCURRENCE IN THE
BARATARIA BAY-MISSISSIPPI DELTA ...1.0152
AN ECOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF STREAM EUTROPHICA-
TION ...1.0161
REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF FISH-EATING BIRDS IN
NORTHERN CALIFORNIA ...1.0320
Nutrients
NUTRIENT AND WATER INPUTS AND OUTGO FROM THE
ORGANIC AND MINERAL SOILS IN THE LAKE APOPKA
AREA ...1.0027
NUTRIENT & WATER INPUTS & OUTGO FROM THE OR-
GANIC & MINERAL SOILS IN THE LAKE APOPKA AREA
...1.0029
ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY B1OGEOCHEM1CAL CYCLING
IN ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS ...1.0068
GREEN BAY RESEARCH PROGRAM ...1.0112
PREDICTING MINERAL QUALITY OF RETURN FLOW
WATER ...1.0122
2-140
-------
SUBJECT INDEX
Polychlorinated Biphenyl Cpds.
UPPER ST. JOHNS RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY, FLORIDA
...1.0134
RURAL RUNOFF CONTROL ...1.0135
POLLUTION LOADS IN RUNOFF FROM SMALL AGRICUL-
TURAL WATERSHEDS 1.0154
LOSSES OF FERTILIZERS AND PESTICIDES IN RUNOFF ERO-
SION ...1.0178
GROUND AND SURFACE WATERS - POLLUTION ...1.0182
AGRICULTURAL CONTRIBUTIONS TO NUTRIENTS IN
WATER ...1.0186
QUANTIFICATION OF POLLUTANTS IN AGRICULTURAL RU-
NOFF ...1.0204
AQUATIC PLANT CONTROL BY HERBIVOROUS AMUR FISH
...2.0092
DYNAMICS OF ALGAE POPULATIONS IN FARM FISH PONDS
...2.0094
ALGAE CONTROL BY ARTIFICIAL MIXING IN LAKE
COCHITUATE ...2.0149
CONTROL OF UNDESIRABLE AQUATIC VEGETATION IN
LAKE TANEYCOMO, MISSOURI ...2.0154
EUTROPHICAT1ON EFFECT OF FLOW AUGMENTATION
...2.0168
EUTROPHICATION EFFECT OF WEED HARVESTING
...2.0169
CHEMICAL CONTROL OF AQUATIC WEED NUISANCES
...2.0185
EUTROPHICATION OF IOWA LAKES AND STREAMS ...4.0008
NUTRIENT CONTROL PROJECT DETROIT LAKES. MIN-
NESOTA ...4.0015
PHYTCPLANKTON NUTRITION AND PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN
EUTROP-HIC LAKES ...4.0016
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN WATER QUALITY AND PLANT
GROWTH IN PONDS ...4.0019
NUTRIENT DYNAMICS IN AN ARTIFICIALLY ENRICHED
LAKE .4.0025
EUTROPHICATION OF SHELTERED BAYS IN A LARGE LAKE
...4.0029
TISSUE ANALYSIS FOR NUTRIENT ASSAY OF NATURAL
WATERS . .4.0030
Organic Matter
ECONOMIC EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES AND OTHER WASTES
ON NATURAL RESOURCE QUALITY ...1.0026
ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY OF SAN FRANCISCO BAY
WATERS AND SEDIMENTS ...1.0120
ENZYMES FOR ANALYSIS AND PURIFICATION OF SALINE
WATER SYSTEMS ...1.0153
PESTICIDES AND M1CROBIAL ECOLOGY OF LAKE CHAM-
PLAIN ...1.0213
DISTRIBUTION AND METABOLIC FATE OF INDUSTRIAL
POLLUTANTS AND PESTICIDES IN A MODEL AQUATIC
ECOSYSTEM ...1.0333
ECOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF THE DEVELOPMENT AND
FEEDING HABITS OF SIMULIUM SPP. (BLACK FLIES)
...4.0069
Petroleum Wastes - Spillage
AN INVESTIGATION INTO RECREATIONAL WATER QUALI-
TY CRITERIA ...1.0117
DETECTION AND IDENTIFICATION OF MOLECULAR WATER
POLLUTANTS BY LASER RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY ...1.0151
TOXICITY OF POLLUTANTS TO STRIPED BASS ...1.0251
Saline Water Intrusion
WATER MANAGEMENT IN MOSQUITO IMPOUNDMENTS
...2.0064
Sediments
CHLORINATED PESTICIDES IN THE SOIL-WATER-PLANT
SYSTEM AND THEIR MANAGEMENT TO AVOID POLLU-
TION ...1.0024
PESTICIDE POLLUTION OF FARMSTEAD WATER SUPPLIES
IN THE SOUTHEAST ...1.0032
PESTICIDE POLLUTION OF FARMSTEAD WATER SUPPLIES
IN THE NORTHEAST ...1.0052
EVALUATION AND DEMONSTRATION OF IRRIGATION
METHODS AND PRACTICES TO REDUCE CONTAMINA-
TION IN IRRIGATION WASTE WATER ...1.0104
COOPERATIVE HERBICIDE MONITORING STUDY IN IRRIGA-
TION SYSTEMS ...1.0125
EFFLUENT INFLUENCES OF THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER ON THE
CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY OF ADJACENT OCEAN
SYSTEMS ...1.0130
THE FACTOR CONTROLLING THE DYNAMICS OF NON-
IONIC SYNTHETIC ORGANIC CHEMICALS IN AQUATIC
ENVIRONMENTS ...1.0148
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SEDIMENTS
...1.0170
FERTILIZERS AND SEDIMENTS AS WATER POLLUTANTS
...1.0179
GROUND AND SURFACE WATERS - POLLUTION ...1.0182
CHEMICAL AND SEDIMENT MOVEMENT FROM AGRICUL-
TURAL LAND INTO LAKE ERIE ...1.0191
CHEMICAL AND SEDIMENT MOVEMENT FROM AGRICUL-
TURAL LAND INTO LAKE ERIE ...1.0192
RELATION OF AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES TO WATER
QUALITY IN NORTH APPALACHIAN REGION ...1.0194
PROVIDE A CONTINUOUS SURVEY OF THE LITERATURE
ON STORM AND COMBINED SEWERS ...1.0199
ELECTROPHORETIC CLARIFICATION OF WATER ...1.0211
DISTRIBUTION OF ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDE
RESIDUES IN NATURAL WATERS AND SEDIMENTS
...1.0215
SOURCES OF QUALITY IMPAIRMENT OF SURFACE WATERS
...1.0218
INSECTICIDE ADSORPTION BY LAKE SEDIMENTS AS A FAC-
TOR CONTROLLING INSECTICIDE ACCUMULATION IN
LAKES ...1.0223
PESTICIDE MONITORING PROGRAM LAKE MICHIGAN AND
TRIBUTARIES IN ILLINOIS ...1.0328
ECOLOGY OF PESTICIDES IN AN AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM
...1.0339
EUTROPHICATION EFFECT OF FLOW AUGMENTATION
..2.0168
CHEMICAL CONTROL OF AQUATIC WEED NUISANCES
...2.0185
INFLUENCE OF SUSPENDED MICROSCOPIC SUBSTANCES
ON THE METABOLISM OF MICROORGANISMS RESPONSI-
BLE FOR BIOLOGICAL ENRICHMENT OF WATER ...4.0027
Surfactants
MOVEMENT AND ADSORPTION OF PESTICIDES IN STERIL-
IZED SOIL COLUMNS ...1.0028
DETECTION AND IDENTIFICATION OF MOLECULAR WATER
POLLUTANTS BY LASER RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY ...1.0151
DISTRIBUTION AND METABOLIC FATE OF INDUSTRIAL
POLLUTANTS AND PESTICIDES IN A MODEL AQUATIC
ECOSYSTEM ...1.0333
Thermal Pollution
MULTI-DISCIPLINARY RESEARCH IN POLLUTION ...1.0070
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS IN THE SURVIVAL OF MAN
...1.0132
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL FACTORS AFFECTING FISH
...1.0246
PARASITES OF FRESH-WATER FISHES IN NORTH CAROLINA
...3.0047
EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION ON FISH DIS-
EASES EFFECT OF HEAT STRESS ON DISEASE RE-
SISTANCE MECHANISMS IN SALMONID FISHES ...3.0089
Polychlorinated Biphenyl Cpds.
ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR PESTICIDES IN SOIL AND
WATER ...1.0018
RESIDUES OF SELECTED PESTICIDES IN PLANTS, ANIMALS,
AND THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT ...1.0019
PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN KANSAS STREAMS ...1.0150
PREPARATION OF CHLORINE-36 LABELED OR-
GANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES AND RELATED COM-
POUNDS (PCB'S) ...1.0174
CHLORINATED ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS IN THE MIL-
WAUKEE RIVER ...1.0226
CURRENT FISH AND WILDLIFE PESTICIDE PROBLEMS
..1.0235
2-141
-------
Polychlorinated Biphenyl Cpds.
SUBJECT INDEX
MAGNITUDE AND NATURE OF POLYCHLORINATED
BIPHENYLS IN COHO SALMON ...1.0262
SCREENING PESTICIDES FOR TERATOGENIC EFFECTS ON
GAMBUSIA - CHRONIC TOXICITY OF PESTICIDES TO
FRESHWATER FISHES ...1.0268
THYROIDAL 1125 UPTAKE IN IMMATURE CHANNEL CAT-
FISH FOLLOWING EXPOSURE TO SELECTED TOXICANTS
...1.0272
TOXICITY HAZARD OF POLYCHOLORINATED BIPHENYLS
TO AQUATIC LIFE . .1.0347
THE EFFECT OF PESTICIDES ON PRIMARY PRODUCERS IN
A FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEM ...1.0350
B10DEGRADATION OF PESTICIDES IN A FRESHWATER
ECOSYSTEM INTERACTION BETWEEN MICROORGAN-
ISMS AND PESTICIDES ...1.0352
Ponds -see Farm Ponds
MOVEMENT OF HERBICIDES IN SOIL, SURFACE WATER
AND UNDERGROUND WATER ...1.0099
METABOLISM OF ENDRIN IN PONDS ...1.0113
ADSORPTION OF PESTICIDES FROM SEA WATER ...1.0159
TRANSFER OF PESTICIDES THROUGH WATER, SEDIMENTS,
AND AQUATIC LIFE ...1.0201
CHRONIC EFFECTS OF DURSBAN ON WARM-WATER FISH
...1.0282
EFFECTS OF PARATHION AND MALATHION ON WARM-
WATER FISH PONDS ...1.0283
POND ECOLOGY AND PRODUCTION AS AFFECTED BY
S1MAZINE ...1.0353
ECOLOGY AND CONTROL OF CERTAIN PARASITIC DIP-
TERA ..2.0001
BIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL FACTORS INFLUENCING
THE DEVELOPMENT OF LARVAL MOSQUITO POPULA-
TIONS ...2.0052
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF MOSQUITOES, SAND FLIES,
AND GNATS OF WESTERN U.S. ...2.0079
AQUATIC PLANT CONTROL BY HERBIVOROUS AMUR FISH
...2.0092
CHEMICAL CONTROL OF WEEDS IN PONDS ...2.0093
PHYSIOLOGY, BIOCHEMISTRY AND CONTROL OF AQUATIC
WEEDS, CHEMISTRY OF HERBICIDES ...2.0105
THE PHYSIOLOGY AND CHEMICAL CONTROL OF AQUATIC
WEEDS IN THE SOUTHEAST ...2.0118
MASS REARING OF MARISA CORNUARIETIS FOR BIOLOGI-
CAL CONTROL OF AQUATIC WEEDS IN EMPERATE
WATERS ...2.0124
TESTING OF NEW HERBICIDES ...2.0125
TESTING OF METHODS OF HERBICIDE APPLICATION
.2.0126
SURVEY OF POND WEEDS AND PLANT SUCCESSION
...2.0127
THE PHYSIOLOGY AND CHEMICAL CONTROL OF AQUATIC
WEEDS IN THE SOUTHEAST ...2.0129
AQUATIC WEED CONTROL BY POND FISHES ...2.0139
FOREST AND FARM GAME HABITAT; FISH POND ...2.0143
EVALUATION OF POND CONDITIONS FOLLOWING FER-
TILIZATION ...2.0153
CONTROL OF UNDESIRABLE AQUATIC VEGETATION
...2.0155
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF AQUATIC WEEDS ...2.0162
NATURAL ENEMIES OF MYRIOPHYLLUM SPICATUM IN YU-
GOSLAVIA ...2.0188
JO-MARY POND RECLAMATION ...2.0201
SELECTIVE REMOVAL OF VARIOUS FISH SPECIES WITH AN-
TIMYCIN ...2.0240
EPIZOOTIOLOGY OF PARASITIC DISEASES IN FISH POPULA-
TIONS UNDER INTENSIVE MANAGEMENT ...3.0001
COOPERATIVE FISH DISEASE PROJECT ...3.0012
ENVIRONMENTAL STUDY ...3.0030
INVESTIGATION OF HANDLING TECHNIQUES ...3.0111
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN WATER QUALITY AND PLANT
GROWTH IN PONDS ...4.0019
EFFECTS OF EUTROPHICATION ON AQUATIC VEGETATION
PHASE II ...4.0023
ECOLOGY OF SELECTED SUBMERSED AQUATIC WEEDS
...4.0024
FISHERIES INVESTIGATIONS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO
MANAGEMENT OF ECONOMIC SPECIES ...4.0080
Porifera
AQUATIC WEED CONTROL RESEARCH ...2.0100
WEED CONTROL IN IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE SYSTEMS
...2.0104
MOLLUSCAN MORTALITY STUDIES ...3.0032
Porosity, Permeability
DEVELOPMENT OF FIELD METHODS IN SAMPLING WATER
FOR PESTICIDE ANALYSIS ...1.0173
Potable Water
INVESTIGATION INTO RECREATIONAL WATER QUALITY
CRITERIA ...1.0116
EFFECTIVENESS OF IODINE FOR DISINFECTION OF PUBLIC
WATER SUPPLIES & TO DETERMINE PHYSIOLOGICAL EF-
FECTS ON A HUMAN POPULATION ...1.0126
GROUND AND SURFACE WATERS - POLLUTION ...1.0182
FATE OF AQUATIC HERBICIDES IN THE AQUATIC EN-
VIRONMENT ...1.0329
Pre-impoundment Sites
BIOLOGICAL AND LIMNOLOGICAL INVENTORY OF SEVEN
FLOOD CONTROL RESERVOIRS IN THE STATE OF INDI-
ANA ...2.0199
IMPOUNDMENT EFFECTS ON WATER QUALITY AS
REFLECTED IN PARASITISM OF RESERVOIR BASSES
...3.0018
Precipitation
CHEMICAL AND SEDIMENT MOVEMENT FROM AGRICUL-
TURAL LAND INTO LAKE ERIE ...1.0191
Rain
WATER YIELD IN THE CHAPARRAL AND WOODLAND
ZONE OF THE SOUTHWEST ...1.0005
DISPOSITION OF PESTICIDES IN THE SOIL .1.0031
WATER AND SOIL POLLUTION BY FARM CHEMICALS IN
THE LOWER MISSISSIPPI DELTA ...1.0050
PESTICIDE POLLUTION OF FARMSTEAD WATER SUPPLIES
IN THE NORTHEAST ...1.0052
EFFECTS OF VEGETATIVE COVERS UPON RUNOFF FROM
PRINCIPAL SOILS OF WESTERN NORTH CAROLINA
...1.0074
PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF PERSISTENCE AND
MOVEMENT OF HERBICIDES IN SOIL ...1.0090
MOVEMENT OF HERBICIDES IN SOIL, SURFACE WATER
AND UNDERGROUND WATER . .1.0099
EFFECT OF PESTICIDES ON THE QUALITY OF SURFACE
AND GROUND WATERS IN THE WESTERN GULF REGION
...1.0101
CONTAMINATION OF SURFACE AND GROUND WATER
WITH INSECTICIDES AND HERBICIDES APPLIED TO CUL-
TIVATED CROPS ...1.0189
INSECTICIDE AND NON-CHEMICAL CONTROL OF
MOSQUITOES ...2.0025
SURVEY OF INSECT PROBLEMS IN MONTANA ...2.0059
MOSQUITO INVESTIGATIONS RESEARCH AND DEVELOP-
MENT ...2.0060
Snow
DDT IN SNOW FALLEN AT HIGH ALTITUDE SINCE 1950
...1.0214
2-142
-------
SUBJECT INDEX
Protozoa
Processing & Preservation
Canning
REDUCTION OF PESTICIDE RESIDUE HAZARDS ...1.0040
Drying
HISTOPATHOLOGY OF LIVERS OF RAINBOW TROUT FED
RANCID PELLETS CONTAINING AFLATOXIN ...3.0081
Freezing
QUALITY FACTORS OF LAKE MICHIGAN COHO SALMON
FLESH ...1.0259
VERTEBRATE DISEASES VIRAL DISEASES OF FRESH-
WATER FISHES AND OTHER LOWER VERTEBRATES
EGTVED VIRUS ...3.0104
Mechanical Processing
TRACE LEVELS OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN AGRICUL-
TURAL COMMODITIES IN MARKETING CHANNELS
...1.0344
Pelleted
HISTOPATHOLOGY OF LIVERS OF RAINBOW TROUT FED
RANCID PELLETS CONTAINING AFLATOXIN ...3.0081
Product Development Research
New Ag Uses of Industrial Prod
DEVELOPMENT OF TREATMENT PROCESS FOR
CHLORINATED HYDROCARBON PESTICIDE MANUFAC-
TURING AND PROCESSING WASTES ...1.0118
AROMATIC SOLVENT AQUATIC HERBICIDES AND EMULSI-
FYING AGENT TESTING ...2.0107
ROTENOIDS FROM TEPHROSIA VOGELII ...2.0198
New Ag Uses of Nat. Resources
FISHERY RESOURCES PROGRAM ...1.0317
ALLEVIATION OF LAKE POLLUTION BY UTILIZATION OF
AQUATIC PLANTS FOR NUTRITIONAL, MEDICINAL OR IN-
DUSTRIAL PURPOSES ...2.0152
New Uses of Ag Products
PROCESSING, CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, AND NUTRITIVE
VALUE OF AQUATIC WEEDS ...2.0119
ALLEVIATION OF LAKE POLLUTION BY UTILIZATION OF
AQUATIC PLANTS FOR NUTRITIONAL, MEDICINAL OR IN-
DUSTRIAL PURPOSES ...2.0152
IMPROVING SURFACE WATER CONDITIONS THROUGH
CONTROL AND DISPOSAL OF AQUATIC VEGETATION,
PHASE II ...2.0181
Proteins
RELATIONSHIP OF PESTICIDES IN SOIL, WATER AND
PLANTS ...1.00S7
QUALITY FACTORS OF LAKE MICHIGAN COHO SALMON
FLESH ...1.0259
PESTICIDE EFFECTS ON FISH ENDOCRINE FUNCTIONS
...1.0269
SERUM ANALYSIS OF CUTTHROAT TROUT EXPOSED
CHRONICALLY TO METHOXYCHLOR PESTICIDE EFFECTS
ON FISH ENDOCRINE FUNCTIONS ...1.0273
PESTICIDE EFFECTS ON NITROGEN METABOLISM IN
TELEOSTS ...1.0289
PESTICIDE EFFECTS ON NITROGEN METABOLISM IN
TELEOSTS ...1.0290
ECOLOGY OF PESTICIDES IN AN AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM
...1.0339
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF WEEDS ...2.0099
EVALUATION OF STRESS IN FINGERLING SALMON
THERAPEUTIC DRUGS AS STRESS FACTORS ...3.0120
INTERACTIONS BETWEEN AQUATIC PLANTS AND SEWAGE
EFFLUENT ...4.0001
LIFE CYCLES OF ROTTBELLIA EXALTATA AND AM-
PHIBROMUS SCABRIVALVIS AND DEVELOPMENT OF
CONTROL MEASURES ...4.0010
Antigen
ORAL IMMUNIZATION OF HATCHERY-REARED SALMONIDS
- FURUNCULOSIS IN COHO SALMON ...3.0122
Azoproteins
ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR PESTICIDES AND PESTICIDE
DEGRADATION PRODUCTS ...1.0088
Bactericidins
EFFECTS OF CHEMICAL IMPURITIES IN WATER DISINFEC-
TION BY HALOGENS ...1.0155
Blood Proteins
ECOLOGY OF PESTICIDES IN AN AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM
...1.0339
EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION ON FISH DIS-
EASES EFFECT OF HEAT STRESS ON DISEASE RE-
SISTANCE MECHANISMS IN SALMONID FISHES ...3.0089
Creatinine
PESTICIDE EFFECTS ON FISH ENDOCRINE FUNCTIONS
...1.0269
SERUM ANALYSIS OF CUTTHROAT TROUT EXPOSED
CHRONICALLY TO METHOXYCHLOR PESTICIDE EFFECTS
ON FISH ENDOCRINE FUNCTIONS ...1.0273
EFFECT OF ANESTHESIA ON THE BLOOD CHEMISTRY OF
FISHES ...2.0234
Gluten
NUTRITIONAL FACTORS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF
CORYNEBACTERIAL KIDNEY DISEASE ...3.0090
Lipoproteins
DEVELOPMENTS OF METHODS RELATED TO TESTING OF
FISH CONTROL AGENTS BIOCHEMICAL METHOD FOR
SEXING FISH . .2.0248
Phosphoproteins
DEVELOPMENTS OF METHODS RELATED TO TESTING OF
FISH CONTROL AGENTS BIOCHEMICAL METHOD FOR
SEXING FISH ...2.0248
Plant Proteins -general
GROWTH REGULATORS AND MINERAL NUTRITION IN
AQUATIC PLANT CONTROL ...2.0134
A STUDY OF INHIBITORY COMPOUNDS PRODUCED BY
FRESH-WATER ALGAE ...2.0138
Protozoa
Ciliata
Ciliata -other
MULTI-DISCIPLINARY RESEARCH IN POLLUTION ...1.0070
EPIZOOTIOLOGY OF PARASITIC DISEASES IN FISH POPULA-
TIONS UNDER INTENSIVE MANAGEMENT ...3.0001
PARASITOLOGY PARASITES AND PARASITIC DISEASES OF
FISHES IMMUNIZATION STUDY FOR
ICHTHYOPHTHIRIUS ...3.0100
PARASITES OF WARMWATER FISHES AND THEIR CONTROL
...3.0108
PARASITES AND PARASITIC DISEASES OF FISHES STUDY
OF NEW METHODS FOR CONTROL OF ICHTHYOPHT
...3.0128
Tetrahymena
BIOLOGY AND BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF SCHISTOSOMIA-
SIS ...2.0277
Cnidosporidia
Cnidosporidia -other
FACTORS AFFECTING ROLE OF MICROORGANISMS IN
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF INSECT PESTS ...2.0037
2-143
-------
Protozoa
SUBJECT INDEX
UTILIZATION AND MANAGEMENT OF COASTAL MARSHES
AND RESOURCES ...3.0029
INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF SALMONID FISHES ...3.0049
BIOLOGY OF THE PROTOZOAN PARASITE CERATOMYXA
SHASTA ...3.0050
IMPACT OF CERATOMYXA IN CENTRAL OREGON SAL-
MONID POPULATIONS ..3.0057
TRANSMISSION OF CERATOMYXA SHASTA ...3.0058
PATHOLOGY EPIZOOTIOLOGY ..3.0113
DISEASE-RESISTANT OYSTERS ...3.0114
TRANSMISSION OF MICROSPORIDA ...3.0131
Myxosoma
USE OF CELL CULTURE METHODS TO ATTEMPT TO FOL-
LOW DEVELOPING STAGES OF SPORES ...3.0062
SUSCEPTIBILITY OF VARIOUS AGES OF FISH TO INFECTION
3.0063
UTILIZATION OF INVERTEBRATE VECTORS IN THE TRANS-
MISSION OF WHIRLING DISEASE . .3.0064
USE OF TISSUE SECTIONING TECHNIQUES TO ATTEMPT TO
FOLLOW THE LIFE HISTORY OF WHIRLING DISEASE
PARASITES FROM THE FIRST DAY OF INFECTION ...3.0065
TREATMENT OF WHIRLING DISEASE SPORES TO PRODUCE
INFECTIVE STATES OF THE ORGANISM ...3.0066
METHODS OF COLLECTING AND CONCENTRATING SPORES
TAKEN FROM INFECTED FISH ...3.0067
DETERMINE IF SPORES OR INFECTIVE STAGES ARE SHED
FROM LIVING FISH ...3.0068
ISOLATION AND FURTHER DESCRIPTION OF THE SPORES
OF MYXOSOMA CEREBRALIS ...3.0101
LONGEVITY OF SPORES OF 'MYOXOSOMA CEREBRALIS'
(WHIRLING DISEASE) ...3.0102
IMMUNODIAGNOSIS OF WHIRLING DISEASE (MYXOSOMA
CEREBRALIS) ...3.0103
POSSIBLE BIRD TRANSMISSION OF 'MYXOSOMA
CEREBRALIS- ...3.0105
CONTROL OF MYXOSOMA CEREBRALIS AND OTHER CAR-
TILAGINOUS MYXOSPORIDA FILTRATION AND UL-
TRAVIOLET IRRADIATION ...3.0129
EFFECT OF DISINFECTING AGENTS ON M. CEREBRALIS
...3.0130
TRANSMISSION OF MYXOSOMA CEREBRALIS AND OTHER
CARTILAGINOUS MYXOSPORIDA ...3.0132
Nosema
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF INSECTS AFFECTING MAN
..2.0027
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF MOSQUITOES, SAND FLIES,
AND GNATS FOR PUBLIC AND MILITARY PROGRAMS
...2.0033
Flagellata
Trypanosoma
INSECTS AS VECTORS OF DISEASES OF MILITARY IM-
PORTANCE IN ETHIOPIA THEIR ECOLOGY AND CONTROL
...4.0067
Protozoa -other
INFLUENCE OF PROTOZOAN ACTIVITY ON HALOGENATED
HYDROCARBON RESIDUES INTERACTION BETWEEN
MICROORGANISMS AND PESTICIDES ...1.0349
INTERACTION BETWEEN MICROORGANISMS AND PESTI-
CIDES ...1.0351
TO CHARACTERIZE PATHOGENS OF MOSQUITOES ...2.0007
INSECT RESISTANCE TO, AND THE GENETIC MECHANISM
OF CHEMICAL CONTROL AGENTS ...2.0029
FACTORS AFFECTING ROLE OF MICROORGANISMS IN
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF INSECT PESTS ...2.0037
FACTORS AFFECTING THE ROLE OF MICROORGANISMS IN
THE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF INSECT PESTS ...2.0053
MOSQUITOES IN RELATION TO AGRICULTURAL PRODUC-
TION AND VETERINARY SCIENCE ...2.0062
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF MOSQUITOES, SAND FLIES,
AND GNATS OF WESTERN U.S. ...2.0079
SCHISTOSOME CONTROL BY TREMATODE ANTAGONISM
.2.0270
BIOLOGY AND BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF SCHISTOSOMIA-
SIS ...2.0277
STUDY OF THE INCIDENCE AND LIFE CYCLES OF MYX-
OSPORIDIAL INFECTIONS IN WARM WATER FISHES
(REVISED) ...3.0020
MOLLUSCAN MORTALITY STUDIES ...3.0032
TRANSMISSION OF AN OVARY PARASITE OF THE GOLDEN
SHINER ...3.0038
PARASITES OF FRESH-WATER FISHES IN NORTH CAROLINA
...3.0047
TESTING OF STOCKS OF OYSTERS FOR DISEASE RE-
SISTANCE ...3.0077
ACQUIRED VS. GENETIC RESISTANCE IN OYSTERS ...3.0078
TESTS OF SELECTED SEED OYSTER STOCKS ON COMMER-
CIAL BEDS ...3.0079
CONTROL OF MYXOSPORIDIAN PARASITES ...3.0109
RELATIONSHIP OF TEMPERATURE TO DISEASES OF SAL-
MONID FISH ...3.0116
Sarcodina
Amoeba
INVESTIGATIONS OF AMEBIASIS IN FISH ...3.0014
Sporozoa
Coctidia
MOLLUSCAN MORTALITY STUDIES ...3.0032
Plasmodia
MALARIA ERADICATION RESEARCH ...2.0051
CULTIVATION OF INSECT PHASE OF AVIAN PLASMODIA
...4.0036
ECOLOGY AND CONTROL OF DISEASE VECTORS AND
RESERVOIRS ...4.0046
Sporozoa -other
MOLLUSCAN MORTALITY STUDIES ...3.0032
Publications
STUDIES ON SOME FUNGAL PARASITES OF MOSQUITOES
...2.0072
EUROPEAN SCIOMYZIDAE ...2.0283
MOSQUITOES OF MIDDLE AMERICA ...4.0037
Bibliography
CHARACTERISTICS AND POLLUTIONAL PROBLEMS OF
PESTICIDE MANUFACTURING WASTES ...1.0093
CHARACTERISTICS AND POLLUTIONAL PROBLEMS OF
PESTICIDE MANUFACTURING WASTES ...1.0210
PUBLICATION OF BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MEDICAL EN-
TOMOLOGY 4.0042
Catalogs, Tables, Compilations
DISTRIBUTION AND METABOLIC FATE OF INDUSTRIAL
POLLUTANTS AND PESTICIDES IN A MODEL AQUATIC
ECOSYSTEM ...1.0333
Handbooks
METHODS FOR DISPOSAL OF SPILLED AND UNUSED PESTI-
CIDES ...1.0060
DEVELOPMENT OF ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR
SELECTED HERBICIDES ...1.0175
UPDATING THE 'HANDBOOK OF PROCEDURES FOR PESTI-
CIDE RESIDUE ANALYSIS' METHODOLOGY IN CHEMI-
CAL ANALYSIS AND SAMPLING ...1.0176
AQUATIC PLANTS OF POLLUTED WATERS IN
SOUTHWESTERN UNITED STATES ...4.0028
Monograph
MOSQUITOES OF MIDDLE AMERICA ...4.0038
MOSQUITOES OF THE NEW GUINEA AREA ...4.0050
Periodicals, Journals
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE USE OF AGRICUL-
TURAL CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS AND THEIR
RESIDUES IN CHANNEL CATFISH ...1.0298
ANALYSIS OF DATA AND PREPARATION OF MANUSCRIPTS
FOR PUBLICATION ...3.0044
2-144
-------
SUBJECT INDEX
PUBLICATION OF BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MEDICAL EN-
TOMOLOGY ...4.0042
Puget Sound
EPIDERMAL PAPILLOMAS ...3.0021
Pumping
FATE OF POLLUTANTS IN GROUND WATER ...1.0079
PRINCIPLES, FACILITIES AND SYSTEMS FOR GROUND
WATER RECHARGE-SOUTHERN PLAINS ...1.0094
EFFECT OF USING RUNOFF WATER IN RECHARGE WELLS-
HIGH PLAINS AREA ...1.0100
Pyrrolizidine
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF ARTHROPOD PESTS OF
LIVESTOCK ...2.0057
Pyruvic Acid
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF MOSQUITOES, SAND FLIES
AND GNATS OF U.S. COAST 2.0043
Quality Evaluation of Feed
PROCESSING, CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, AND NUTRITIVE
VALUE OF AQUATIC WEEDS ...2.0119
DEVELOPMENT OF METHODS FOR COMMERCIAL PRODUC-
TION OF FROG LEGS FROM TADPOLES OF THE BULL-
FROG ...3.0028
Quarantine &/or Inspection
PACIFIC OYSTER MORTALITY STUDIES ...3.0034
Radiation Effects
GENETIC CONTROL OF ANOPHELINES USING TRANSLOCA-
TIONS ...2.0034
RADIATION CYTOGENETICS OF THE YELLOW-FEVER
MOSQUITO, AEDES AEGYPTI ...2.0036
Radiations
REDUCTION OF RESIDUES OF INSECTICIDAL CHEMICALS
IN THE ENVIRONMENT ...1.0046
CHEMICAL AND SEDIMENT MOVEMENT FROM AGRICUL-
TURAL LAND INTO LAKE ERIE ...1.0191
GENETIC CONTROL OF ANOPHELINES USING TRANSLOCA-
TIONS ...2.0034
Infra Red
INSECT ATTRACTANTS, BEHAVIOR AND BASIC BIOLOGY
...2.0030
Microwave and Radiofrequency
MICROWAVE-EXCITED EMISSION DETECTOR FOR PESTI-
CIDES AND TRACE METAL ANALYSIS ...1.0195
Ultra Violet
EFFECT OF HERBICIDES ON AN AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT
...1.0319
INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF SALMONID FISHES ...3.0049
CONTROL OF MYXOSOMA CEREBRALIS AND OTHER CAR-
TILAGINOUS MYXOSPORIDA FILTRATION AND UL-
TRAVIOLET IRRADIATION . .3.0129
Range
Rates, Doses, Concentrations
Rates, Doses, Concentrations
THYROIDAL 1125 UPTAKE IN IMMATURE CHANNEL CAT-
FISH FOLLOWING EXPOSURE TO SELECTED TOXICANTS
...1.0272
Absorption Rates
MOVEMENT AND ADSORPTION OF PESTICIDES IN STERIL-
IZED SOIL COLUMNS ...1.0028
PESTICIDE MOBILITY AND DEGRADATION IN SOIL-WATER
SYSTEMS ...1.0034
Application Rates
TRANSLOCATION OF PESTICIDES FROM CRANBERRY BOGS
TO THEIR SURROUNDINGS ...1.0056
PESTICIDAL RESIDUES OF AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS
.1.0063
MOVEMENT OF HERBICIDES OFF, INTO AND THROUGH
SOILS ...1.0071
PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF PERSISTENCE AND
MOVEMENT OF HERBICIDES IN SOIL ...1.0090
BEHAVIOR OF SPECIFIC HERBICIDES IN PLANTS AND SOILS
...1.0091
COMPARATIVE EFFECTS OF WEED COMPETITION. HERBI-
CIDES AND OTHER WEED CONTROL PRACTICES ON
PLANT RESPONSE ...1.0145
RESEARCH INITIATION FATE OF SELECTED OR-
GANOPHOSPHATE AND CARBAMATE INSECTICIDES IN
SURFACE WATERS ...1.0146
DEVELOPMENT OF TILLAGE-REPLACING HERBICIDE
SYSTEMS ...1.0196
PESTICIDE EFFECTS ON NITROGEN METABOLISM IN
TELEOSTS ...1.0289
AERIAL DISPERSAL METHODS FOR CONCENTRATED IN-
SECTICIDES .2.0009
INSECTICIDE AND NON-CHEMICAL CONTROL OF
MOSQUITOES ...2.0025
EMERGENCY INSECT CONTROL ...2.0076
WEED CONTROL IN RICE PRODUCTION ...2.0097
AQUATIC WEED CONTROL RESEARCH ...2.0100
WEED CONTROL IN IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE SYSTEMS
...2.0104
EFFECT OF COPPER SULFATE ON AQUATIC WEEDS ...2.0108
GROWTH SUPPRESSION AND REDUCTION IN REGROWTH
POTENTIAL OF AQUATIC WEEDS ...2.0110
AQUATIC PEST CONTROL ...2.0112
CONTROL OF AQUATIC WEEDS ...2.0113
CHEMICAL CONTROL OF DITCHBANK WEEDS IN PEAT AND
SANDY SOIL AREAS OF SOUTH FLORIDA ...2.0114
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF AQUATIC WEEDS ...2.0162
WEED CONTROL IN RICE FIELDS AND PASTURE LANDS IN
THE GULF COAST AREA ...2.0176
ALGACIDES FOR USE IN WATER RECLAMATION AND
REUSE SYSTEMS ...2.0177
CONTROL OF WEEDS IN AQUATIC AND NONCROP AREAS
IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST ...2.0178
CONTROL OF AQUATIC AND NONCROPLAND WEEDS IN
WYOMING, COLORADO, AND NEBRASKA ...2.0187
DEVELOPMENT OF ACCURATE CHEMICAL INTRODUCTION
TECHNIQUES ...2.0223
THE EFFICACY OF MONSANTO NO. 51294 AS A FISH TOXI-
CANT (LABORATORY) ...2.0243
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF SNAILS ...2.0268
WATER YIELD IN THE CHAPARRAL AND WOODLAND
ZONE OF THE SOUTHWEST 1.0005
Formulation,rate,concentration
PESTICIDE MOBILITY AND DEGRADATION IN SOIL-WATER
SYSTEMS ...1.0006
INVESTIGATIONS OF RESIDUES IN WATER AND CROPS IR-
RIGATED WITH WATER CONTAINING HERBICIDES
...1.0015
RESPROUTING OF CHAPARRAL ...1.0017
PESTICIDE MOBILITY AND DEGRADATION IN SOIL-WATER
SYSTEMS ...1.0023
REMOVAL OF CONTAMINANTS FROM RURAL WATER SUP-
PLIES ...1.0047
MOVEMENT OF HERBICIDES OFF, INTO AND THROUGH
SOILS .1.0071
2-145
-------
Rates, Doses, Concentrations
SUBJECT INDEX
SOILS, PESTICIDES, AND THE QUALITY OF WATER ...1.0103
ALTERING PERSISTENCE AND MOVEMENT OF HERBICIDES
IN SOIL, WATER, AND PLANTS ...1.0106
DEVELOPMENT OF ON-SITE BIOASSAY METHODS ..1.0108
UPTAKE AND RELEASE OF DALAPON IN EARTHEN PONDS
...1.0114
CONCENTRATION AND ANALYSIS OF PESTICIDES AND
OTHER RECALCITRANT MOLECULES IN WATER SUP-
PLIES BY ULTRAFILTRATION ...1.018S
THE BIOASSAY OF WATER POLLUTANTS WITH CULTURED
MAMMALIAN CELLS ...1.0200
EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE IN
THE MOSQUITOF1SH, GAMBUSIA AFFINIS ...1.0249
LABORATORY BIOASSAYS TO DETERMINE TOXIC EFFECS
OF METHOXYCHLOR IN FISH ...1.0264
CHRONIC EFFECTS OF DURSBAN ON WARM-WATER FISH
...1.0282
UPTAKE AND METABOLISM BY FISH OF 2,4-D DIMETHYL
AMINE SALT ...1.0293
STATIC BIOASSAY OF TRACERS AND DYES AGAINST FISH
AND INVERTEBRATES ...1.0316
STUDIES ON THE UPTAKE AND TRANSLOCATION OF CM-
LABELED DDT AND ALDRIN IN INVERTEBRATE POPULA-
TIONS, FY 1970 ...1.0354
STUDY ON THE EFFECTS OF FISH TOXICANTS ANTIMYCIN
A AND ROTENONE ON POND COMMUNITIES ...1.0366
MALARIA ERADICATION RESEARCH ...2.0051
NEW OR IMPROVED TECHNIQUES FOR SAFE CHEMICAL
CONTROL OF ECTOPARASITES OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS
...2.0077
AQUATIC WEED CONTROL RESEARCH ...2.0100
WEED CONTROL IN IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE SYSTEMS
...2.0104
EFFECT OF COPPER SULFATE ON AQUATIC WEEDS ...2.0108
CONTROL OF UNDESIRABLE AQUATIC VEGETATION IN
LAKE TANEYCOMO, MISSOURI ...2.0154
EXPERIMENTATION WITH FINTROL AS A FISH TOXICANT
IN DEEP, SOFT-WATER LAKES ...2.0213
PISCICIDE TOXICOLOGY OF THE CYPRINIDS IN EAST AND
WEST PAULINA LAKES ...2.0228
EVALUATE FISH TOXICANTS (SUNSET LAKE SEGMENT)
...2.0229
U.V. SPECTROPHOTOMETRY FOR THE IDENTIFICATION
AND ESTIMATION OF QUINALDINE RESIDUE ...2.0237
ESTABLISH MINIMUM DOSES OF ANTIMYCIN AND
ROTENONE NEEDED FOR TOTAL KILLS OF TARGET
FISHES ...2.0247
STATIC BIOASSAY OF TOXICANTS AGAINST FISH AND IN-
VERTEBRATES ...2.0255
STATIC BIOASSAY OF COLLECTING AIDS AGAINST FISH
..2.0257
STATIC BIOASSAY OF ATTRACTANTS AND REPELLANTS
AGAINST FISH AND INVERTEBRATES ...2.0258
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF MCN-JR-7464 AS AN ANESTHETIC
FOR SELECTED SPECIES OF FISH (ABBREV) ...2.0261
CONTROL OF MYXOSPORIDIAN PARASITES ...3.0109
Rates -other
IMPACT OF PESTICIDES UPON SEMI-WILD ECOSYSTEMS
...1.0335
Tolerance Rates
REDUCTION OF PESTICIDE RESIDUE HAZARDS ...1.0040
PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF PERSISTENCE AND
MOVEMENT OF HERBICIDES IN SOIL ...1.0090
THE OCCURRENCE OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN THE LOWER
BRISBANE RIVER AND IN THE TISSUES OF ESTUARINE
ANIMALS ...1.0233
EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON AQUATIC ANIMALS IN THE
ESTUARINE AND MARINE ENVIRONMENTS ...1.0234
BEHAVIOR OF ESTUARINE ANIMALS ...1.0240
LABORATORY BIOASSAYS ...1.0241
THE EFFECTS OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES ON LARVAL AND
JUVENILE WINTER FLOUNDER IN THE WEWEANTIC
RIVER ESTUARY, MASSACHUSETTS ...1.0253
LABORATORY BIOASSAYS TO DETERMINE TOXIC EFFECS
OF METHOXYCHLOR IN FISH ...1.0264
SCREENING PESTICIDES FOR TERATOGENIC EFFECTS ON
GAMBUSIA - CHRONIC TOXICTTY OF PESTICIDES TO
FRESHWATER FISHES ...1.0268
THYROIDAL 1125 UPTAKE IN IMMATURE CHANNEL CAT-
FISH FOLLOWING EXPOSURE TO SELECTED TOXICANTS
...1.0272
THE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF VARIOUS LIFE STAGES OF FRESH-
WATER FISHES TO THREE TOXICANTS ...1.0279
RELATIVE SUSCEPTIBILITIES OF FISH FAMILIES TO HERBI-
CIDES ...1.0280
CHRONIC TOXICITY OF PESTICIDES TO FRESHWATER
FISHES ...1.0285
PESTICIDE EFFECTS ON NITROGEN METABOLISM IN
TELEOSTS ...1.0290
CONTINUOUS-FLOW BIOASSAY OF PESTICIDES TO EVALU-
ATE THE ACUTE AND CHRONIC EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES
TO FRESHWATER INVERTEBRATES ...1.0294
STATIC BIOASSAY OF TRACERS AND DYES AGAINST FISH
AND INVERTEBRATES ...1.0316
CHRONIC TOXICITY OF PESTICIDES TO COLD-WATER FISH
...1.0318
AN EVALUATION OF WIDELY USED HERBICIDES ON
AQUATIC PLANTS, FISH AND FISH-FOOD ORGANISMS
...1.0343
STUDY OF CHRONIC TOXICITY OF PARATHION TO
SELECTED FRESHWATER FISHES AND FOOD CHAIN OR-
GANISMS ...1.0357
AQUATIC PLANT CONTROL ...2.0128
INFLUENCE OF PESTICIDES & OTHER HYDROCARBONS ON
GROWTH OF EURYTOLERANT MICROALGAE ...2.0148
PISCICIDE TOXICOLOGY OF THE CYPRINIDS IN EAST AND
WEST PAULINA LAKES ...2.0228
ESTABLISH MINIMUM DOSES OF ANTIMYCIN AND
ROTENONE NEEDED FOR TOTAL KILLS OF TARGET
FISHES ...2.0247
STATIC BIOASSAY OF REPRODUCTIVE CONTROLS AGAINST
FISH AND INVERTEBRATES ...2.0256
STATIC BIOASSAY OF COLLECTING AIDS AGAINST FISH
...2.0257
STATIC BIOASSAY OF ATTRACTANTS AND REPELLANTS
AGAINST FISH AND INVERTEBRATES ...2.0258
CONTINUOUS FLOW BIOASSAY OF TOXICANTS AGAINST
FISH AND INVERTEBRATES ...2.0259
TOXICITY OF THERAPEUTIC AGENTS TO STRIPED BASS
...3.0112
Rations
DEVELOPMENT OF METHODS FOR COMMERCIAL PRODUC-
TION OF FROG LEGS FROM TADPOLES OF THE BULL-
FROG ...3.0028
Fish Rations
NUTRITIONAL FACTORS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF
CORYNEBACTERIAL KIDNEY DISEASE ...3.0090
Recharge
POLLUTION EFFECTS ON GROUND WATER RECHARGE IN
HAWAII ...1.0036
FATE OF POLLUTANTS IN GROUND WATER ...1.0079
PRINCIPLES, FACILITIES AND SYSTEMS FOR GROUND
WATER RECHARGE-SOUTHERN PLAINS ...1.0094
EFFECT OF USING RUNOFF WATER IN RECHARGE WELLS-
HIGH PLAINS AREA ...1.0100
Recreation
GREEN BAY RESEARCH PROGRAM . .1.0112
Fishing
HAUL SEINE STUDY ...2.0192
BIOLOGICAL AND LIMNOLOGICAL INVENTORY OF SEVEN
FLOOD CONTROL RESERVOIRS IN THE STATE OF INDI-
ANA ...2.0199
2-146
-------
SUBJECT INDEX
Removal of Pesticide Residues
THE INTERACTION OF THE WALLEYE AND WHITE SUCKER
IN THE FISH POPULATION OF SOFT WATER LAKE IN
NORTHEASTERN MINNESOTA ...2.0215
IMPOUNDMENT EFFECTS ON WATER QUALITY AS
REFLECTED IN PARASITISM OF RESERVOIR BASSES
...3.0018
LIMNOLOGICAL, ICHTHYOLOGICAL, AND PARASITOLOGI-
CAL INVESTIGATIONS ON ARKANSAS RESERVOIRS IN
RELATION TO WATER QUALITY ...3.0019
ECOLOGY OF RECREATIONALLY IMPORTANT ESTUARINE
FISHES IN OREGON ...3.0052
LIFE HISTORY OF ST. JOE RIVER CUTTHROAT TROUT
...4.0077
LAKE ONTARIO INTERIM COMPREHENSIVE FISHERIES
MANAGEMENT PLAN ...4.0082
General Recreation Studies
EUTROPHICATION OF SHELTERED BAYS IN A LARGE LAKE
...4.0029
Hunting
WATER MANAGEMENT IN MOSQUITO IMPOUNDMENTS
...2.0064
Loss Damages - Recreation
REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF FISH-EATING BIRDS IN
NORTHERN CALIFORNIA ...1.0320
Projected Demand
AN ECOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF STREAM EUTROPHICA-
TION ...1.0161
Safety - Recreation
INVESTIGATION INTO RECREATIONAL WATER QUALITY
CRITERIA ...1.0116
AN INVESTIGATION INTO RECREATIONAL WATER QUALI-
TY CRITERIA ...1.0117
INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS: DISEASES TO
MAN OR ANIMALS ...2.0010
SWIMMER'S ITCH INTERMEDIATE HOSTS, DISTRIBUTION
AND ECOLOGY ...2.0278
Standards - Recreation
AN INVESTIGATION INTO RECREATIONAL WATER QUALI-
TY CRITERIA ...1.0117
Swimming
INVESTIGATION INTO RECREATIONAL WATER QUALITY
CRITERIA ...1.0116
AN INVESTIGATION INTO RECREATIONAL WATER QUALI-
TY CRITERIA ...1.0117
SWIMMER'S ITCH INTERMEDIATE HOSTS, DISTRIBUTION
AND ECOLOGY ...2.0278
SWIMMER'S ITCH INTERMEDIATE HOST, DISTRIBUTION
AND ECOLOGY ...2.0279
Touring
NUTRIENT CONTROL PROJECT - DETROIT LAKES, MIN-
NESOTA ...4.0015
Recreation Sites
GREEN BAY RESEARCH PROGRAM ...1.0112
INVESTIGATION INTO RECREATIONAL WATER QUALITY
CRITERIA ...1.0116
AN INVESTIGATION INTO RECREATIONAL WATER QUALI-
TY CRITERIA ...1.0117
AN ECOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF STREAM EUTROPHICA-
TION ...1.0161
MOSQUITO CONTROL - TIDAL MARSHES ...2.O063
METHODS FOR CONTROLLING ALLIGATORWEED AND
OTHER WEEDS IN CANALS, WATERWAYS, AND AD-
JACENT WATERS IN THE SOUTHEASTERN U. S. ...2.0186
NUTRIENT CONTROL PROJECT - DETROIT LAKES, MIN-
NESOTA ...4.0015
EUTROPHICATION OF SHELTERED BAYS IN A LARGE LAKE
...4.0029
Rehabilitation -streams -lakes
THE EFFICACY OF NEW FORMULATIONS OF ANTIMYCIN IN
NATURAL LAKES AND STREAMS ..2.0246
EXPERIMENTAL RECLAMATION OF TROUT STREAMS
THROUGH CHEMICAL TREATMENT ...2.0263
Remote Sensing
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS IN THE SURVIVAL OF MAN
...1.0132
Em Radiation
Microwave Radiation
MICROWAVE-EXCITED EMISSION DETECTOR FOR PESTI-
CIDES AND TRACE METAL ANALYSIS ...1.0195
From Aircraft
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS IN THE SURVIVAL OF MAN
...1.0132
Lasers-masers
DETECTION AND IDENTIFICATION OF MOLECULAR WATER
POLLUTANTS BY LASER RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY ...1.0151
Removal of Pesticide Residues
CONTROL METHODS FOR JUNIPERS, SHRUB LIVE OAK,
AND ASSOCIATED WEEDS ...1.0004
INACTIVATION AND LOSS OF PESTICIDES FROM SOIL
...1.0009
ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR PESTICIDES IN SOIL AND
WATER ...1.0018
REACTIONS OF PESTICIDES WITH SOILS ...1.0020
CHLORINATED PESTICIDES IN THE SOIL-WATER-PLANT
SYSTEM AND THEIR MANAGEMENT TO AVOID POLLU-
TION ...1.0024
PESTICIDE POLLUTION OF FARMSTEAD WATER SUPPLIES
IN THE SOUTHEAST ...1.0032
POLLUTION EFFECTS ON GROUND WATER RECHARGE IN
HAWAII . .1.0036
REDUCTION OF PESTICIDE RESIDUE HAZARDS ...1.0040
EFFECT OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES AND OTHER ORGANO-
TOXICANTS ON THE QUALITY OF SURFACE AND
GROUNDWATER RESOURCES ...1.0041
REMOVAL OF CONTAMINANTS FROM RURAL WATER SUP-
PLIES ...1.0047
WATER AND SOIL POLLUTION BY FARM CHEMICALS IN
THE LOWER MISSISSIPPI DELTA ...1.0050
METHODS FOR DISPOSAL OF SPILLED AND UNUSED PESTI-
CIDES ...1.0060
SOILS, PESTICIDES AND THE QUALITY OF WATER ...1.0065
INTERACTION OF HERBICIDES AND SOIL MICROORGAN-
ISMS ...1.0069
CHARACTERISTICS AND POLLUTIONAL PROBLEMS OF
PESTICIDE MANUFACTURING WASTES ...1.0093
MOVEMENT OF HERBICIDES IN SOIL, SURFACE WATER
AND UNDERGROUND WATER ...1.0099
PHOTOCHEMICAL METHODS FOR PURIFYING WATER
...1.0115
DEVELOPMENT OF TREATMENT PROCESS FOR
CHLORINATED HYDROCARBON PESTICIDE MANUFAC-
TURING AND PROCESSING WASTES ...1.0118
STUDY OF ELECTROHYDRAULIC WATER TREATMENT
...1.0121
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS IN THE SURVIVAL OF MAN
...1.0132
DEVELOP EFFECTIVE TREATMENT METHODS FOR HARD
PESTIDICIDES ...1.0136
CHROMATOGRAPHIC CONCENTRATION OF PESTICIDES
FROM A LARGE MASS OF WATER ...1.0188
2-147
-------
Removal of Pesticide Residues
SUBJECT INDEX
DEVELOP EFFECTIVE TREATMENT METHODS FOR HARD
PESTICIDES ...1.0197
QUANTITATIVE METHODS FOR PESTICIDES IN NATURAL
WATERS ...1.0198
ELECTROPHORETIC CLARIFICATION OF WATER ...1.0211
LIVESTOCK DETOXICATING MECHANISMS OF PESTICIDES
...1.0212
DISTRIBUTION OF ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDE
RESIDUES IN NATURAL WATERS AND SEDIMENTS
1.0215
IMPROVING WATER QUALITY BY REMOVAL OF PESTICIDE
POLLUTANTS WITH AQUATIC PLANTS ...1.0216
PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN OR ON RAW AGRICULTURAL COM-
MODITIES ...1.0306
PESTICIDES AND WILDLIFE ...1.0324
TRACE LEVELS OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN AGRICUL-
TURAL COMMODITIES IN MARKETING CHANNELS
...1.0344
EXPERIMENTATION WITH FINTROL AS A FISH TOXICANT
IN DEEP SOFTWATER LAKES ...2.0216
TIME-CONCENTRATION TESTS INVOLVING NEUTRALIZA-
TION OF ROTENONE WITH POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE
2.0224
NEUTRALIZATION OF ROTENONE WITH ACTIVATED CHAR-
COAL ...2.0225
THE EFFICACY OF MONSANTO NO. 51294 AS A FISH TOXI-
CANT (LABORATORY) ...2.0243
Repellents
STUDIES OF SHARK REPELLENTS AND OTHER ANTISHARK
MEASURES ...2.0191
Fish Repellents
STUDIES OF SHARK REPELLENTS AND OTHER ANTISHARK
MEASURES ...2.0191
STATIC BIOASSAY OF ATTRACTANTS AND REPELLANTS
AGAINST FISH AND INVERTEBRATES ...2.0258
Insect Repellents
SCREENING PESTICIDES FOR TERATOGENIC EFFECTS ON
GAMBUSIA CHRONIC TOXICITY OF PESTICIDES TO
FRESHWATER FISHES ...1.0268
SYNTHETIC INSECT CONTROL AGENTS, GAINESVILLE
...2.0028
EFFECT OF BITING FLIES ON WEIGHT GAINS IN CATTLE
...2.0090
ATTRACTIVENESS AND REPELLENCY OF MAN TO
MOSQUITO BITES ...4.0041
DEVELOPMENT OF AN ORALLY EFFECTIVE INSECT REPEL-
LENT ...4.0051
Reproductive Physiology
REDUCTION OF HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH RESIDUES OF
INSECTICIDAL CHEMICALS IN THE ENVIRONMENT
1.0037
GEOGRAPHIC ATLAS OF PESTICIDE OCCURRENCE IN THE
BARATARIA BAY-MISSISSIPPI DELTA ...1.0152
EFFECT OF ENDRIN ON EGG-SPERM FORMATION AND
EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT ...1.0229
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN SUB-LETHAL PESTICIDES AND
REPRODUCTION AND BEHAVIOR OF FISHES ...1.0245
EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE IN
THE MOSQUITOFISH, GAMBUSIA AFFINIS ...1.0249
PESTICIDE RESIDUE EFFECTS ON LARVAL MARINE FISHES
1.0254
EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON ESTUARINE ORGANISMS
...1.0304
EFFECTS OF TOXICANTS UPON FISH MOVEMENT PAT-
TERNS ...1.0308
SELECTED PESTICIDES VS. WILDLIFE IN AQUATIC EN-
VIRONMENTS ...1.0325
REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY AND EARLY LIFE HISTORY OF
CYPRINIDS IN EAST AND PAULINA LAKES ..4.0083
Artificial Insemination
SPAWNING AND REARING OF MARINE FISH ...3.0110
Embryonic Mortality
BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN
FISH ...1.0261
Female Gametes
EFFECT OF ENDRIN ON EGG-SPERM FORMATION AND
EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT ...1.0229
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN SUB-LETHAL PESTICIDES AND
REPRODUCTION AND BEHAVIOR OF FISHES ...1.0245
Male Gametes
EFFECT OF ENDRIN ON EGG-SPERM FORMATION AND
EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT ...1.0229
Semen and Sperm Storage
AQUICULTURE, SALMON CULTURE - RESEARCH ...3.0053
AQUICULTURE, OYSTER HATCHERIES - RESEARCH ...3.0118
Spermatogenesis
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN SUB-LETHAL PESTICIDES AND
REPRODUCTION AND BEHAVIOR OF FISHES ...1.0245
Ovary
PHYSIOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR OF LARVAE (PHYSIOECOLO-
GY OF SHELLFISH PROGRAM) ...1.0236
PESTICIDE RESIDUE EFFECTS ON LARVAL MARINE FISHES
...1.0254
DEVELOPMENTS OF METHODS RELATED TO TESTING OF
FISH CONTROL AGENTS BIOCHEMICAL METHOD FOR
SEXING FISH ...2.0248
TRANSMISSION OF AN OVARY PARASITE OF THE GOLDEN
SHINER ...3.0038
Oviparous Reproduction
EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON ESTUARINE ORGANISMS
.1.0304
INSECTICIDES AND EGG-SHELL DEPOSITION ...1.0368
Oviposition
INSECT ATTRACTANTS, BEHAVIOR AND BASIC BIOLOGY
...2.0030
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF MOSQUITOES, SAND FLIES,
AND GNATS OF U.S. COAST ...2.0043
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF MOSQUITOES, SAND FLIES,
AND GNATS OF WESTERN U.S. ...2.0079
THE CONTROL OF SLUGS ...2.0294
POPULATION DYNAMICS OF MOSQUITOES IN FLORIDA
...4.0048
Testes
PHYSIOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR OF LARVAE (PHYSIOECOLO-
GY OF SHELLFISH PROGRAM) ...1.0236
EFFECTS ON THE SPERMIATION RESPONSE OF GOLDFISH
AFTER EXPOSURE TO SELECTED PESTICIDES ...1.0270
Reptiles
Chelonia
EVALUATION OF WATERFOWL PREDATOR CONTROL
METHODS ...2.0272
EFFECTS OF A SNAPPING TURTLE POPULATION ON THE
WATERFOWL PRODUCTIVITY OF A MARSH ...2.0292
ECOLOGY AND DISEASE TRANSMISSION POTENTIAL
...4.0044
Crocodilidae
ECOLOGY AND DISEASE TRANSMISSION POTENTIAL
...4.0044
2-148
-------
SUBJECT INDEX
Reverse Osmosis
Endangered Species
ECOLOGY AND DISEASE
...4.0044
TRANSMISSION POTENTIAL
Reptile Studies -other
THE EFFECT OF PESTICIDES ON AN ECOSYSTEM ...1.0365
EVALUATION OF WATERFOWL PREDATOR CONTROL
METHODS ...2.0272
EFFECTS OF A SNAPPING TURTLE POPULATION ON THE
WATERFOWL PRODUCTIVITY OF A MARSH ...2.0292
ECOLOGY AND DISEASE TRANSMISSION POTENTIAL
...4.0044
Research Facilities
CENTER FOR STUDY OF THE HUMAN ENVIRONMENT
...1.0190
RESEARCH VESSEL OPERATIONS ...3.0048
Reservoirs and Impoundments
EFFECT OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES AND OTHER ORGANO-
TOXICANTS ON THE QUALITY OF SURFACE AND
GROUNDWATER RESOURCES ...1.0041
LIMNOLOG1CAL FACTORS AFFECTING PESTICIDE
RESIDUES IN SURFACE WATERS ...1.0149
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SEDIMENTS
1.0170
OCCURRENCE OF PESTICIDES IN AQUATIC ENVIRON-
MENTS ...1.0219
WEED CONTROL IN IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE SYSTEMS
...2.0104
THE USE OF NUTRIA, WATER BOWL AND GRASS CARP FOR
THE CONTROL OF SUBMERGENT PLANTS ...2.0130
DETERMINATION OF THE EFFECTS OF A FERTILIZER-IN-
DUCED PLANKTON TURBIDITY, SUPPLEMENTED BY HER-
BICIDES, ON SUBMERGED AQUATIC PLANTS ...2.0137
WATERLEVEL MANAGEMENT ON IMPOUNDMENTS OF
LOW QUALITY SOILS ...2.0163
AN EVALUATION OF TECHNIQUES TO MANAGE SMALL IM-
POUNDMENTS IN OHIO ...2.0227
IMPOUNDMENT EFFECTS ON WATER QUALITY AS
REFLECTED IN PARASITISM OF RESERVOIR BASSES
...3.0018
RESEARCH IN LIMNOLOGY INTERRELATIONS OF
HYDROLOGY AND AQUATIC ECOLOGY ...4.0002
GAME FISH REPRODUCTION AND ROUGH FISH PROBLEMS
IN ELEPHANT BUTTE LAKE ...4.0081
Flood Control Reservoirs
BIOLOGICAL AND L1MNOLOGICAL INVENTORY OF SEVEN
FLOOD CONTROL RESERVOIRS IN THE STATE OF INDI-
ANA ...2.0199
Wildlife Reservoirs
RESTORING 'BALANCE' WITH ROTENONE AND FINTROL
...2.0194
SURVIVAL AND GROWTH OF KOKANEE AND COHO SAL-
MON IN ANDERSON RANCH RESERVIOR ...2.0197
EFFECTS OF WATER EXCHANGE AND BLUE CRAB CON-
TROL ON SHRIMP PRODUCTION IN LOUISIANA SALT-
MARSH IMPOUNDMENTS ...2.0275
Residues in Feeds -pesticides
PESTICIDE RESIDUES ON ARIZONA CROPS ...1.0007
REDUCTION OF PESTICIDE RESIDUE HAZARDS ...1.0040
PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN ENVIRONMENT AND EFFECTS ON
MARKETING AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES ...1.0062
PESTICIDE CONTAMINATION OF ENVIRONMENT . .1.0250
PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN OR ON RAW AGRICULTURAL COM-
MODITIES ...1.0306
THE CHEMISTRY AND TOXICOLOGY OF AGRICULTURAL
CHEMICALS ...1.0322
Resins
NEW OR IMPROVED TECHNIQUES FOR SAFE CHEMICAL
CONTROL OF ECTOPARASITES OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS
...2.0077
MARINE PILING ANALYSIS ...2.0296
Resistance & Tolerance
Animal Resistance
EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE IN
THE MOSQUITOFISH, GAMBUSIA AFFINIS ...1.0249
FACTORS AFFECTING PESTICIDE TOXICITY ...1.0255
RELATIVE SUSCEPTIBILITIES OF FISH FAMILIES TO HERBI-
CIDES ...1.0280
STUDIES ON THE UPTAKE AND TRANSLOCATION OF CM-
LABELED DDT AND ALDRIN IN INVERTEBRATE POPULA-
TIONS, FY 1970 ...1.0354
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF PASTURE MOSQUITOES
...2.0008
INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS: DISEASES TO
MAN OR ANIMALS ...2.0010
EVALUATION OF NEW INSECTICIDES ...2.0015
STUDIES ON INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE IN MOSQUITOES
...2.0017
SUPPRESSION AND ECOLOGY OF MOSQUITOES ...2.0018
INSECTICIDE AND NON-CHEMICAL CONTROL OF
MOSQUITOES ...2.0025
SUSCEPTIBILITY OF INSECTS TO INSECTICIDES ...2.0055
MOSQUITO INVESTIGATIONS RESEARCH AND DEVELOP-
MENT ...2.0060
SUSCEPTIBILITY OR RESISTANCE OF MEDICALLY IMPOR-
TANT INSECTS TO INSECTICIDES ON SELECTED AIR
FORCE BASES ..2.0084
ACTION MECHANISMS OF INSECTICIDAL DERIVATIVES
...2.0089
THE EFFECTS OF THANITE ON THE INORGANIC BLOOD
CHEMISTRIES OF FISHES ...2.0253
THE EFFECTS OF THANITE ON THE ACID-BASE BALANCE
IN THE BLOOD OF FISHES ...2.0254
EFFECTS OF FISH CONTROL ACTS ON BLOOD CHEM & HE-
MATOPOIETIC TISSUE OF FISH. EFFECTS OF ANTIMYCIN
A. ON ACID-BASE BALANCE IN BLOOD OF FISH ...2.0260
CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION OF BIOLOGICALLY IMPOR-
TANT NATURAL PRODUCTS ...2.0265
MOLLUSCICIDES A CORRELATION OF STRUCTURE VS.
ACTIVITY ...2.0291
BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES IN FISH DISEASES THE STRESS
OF FORMALIN TREATMENTS IN SALMONID FISHES
...3.0124
DEVELOPMENT OF CULTURE METHODS FOR MOSQUITOES
...4.0035
RESEARCH ON ARTHROPOD-BORNE DISEASES - I ...4.0070
Plant Resistance
MODE OF ACTION, TOXICITY, AND FACTORS INFLUENC-
ING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF FUNGICIDES ...1.0082
AN INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECTS OF DDT AND OTHER
CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS ON THE GROWTH OF
EURYHALINE MICROALGAE ...1.0336
WEED CONTROL IN IRRIGATED HORTICULTURAL CROPS
IN WASHINGTON ...2.0179
Respiratory Techniques
RESPIRATION RATES OF FISH-FOOD INVERTEBRATES EX-
POSED TO PESTICIDES ...1.0355
Reverse Osmosis
CONCENTRATION AND ANALYSIS OF PESTICIDES AND
OTHER RECALCITRANT MOLECULES IN WATER SUP-
PLIES BY ULTRAFILTRATION ...1.0185
2-149
-------
Rhizosphere
SUBJECT INDEX
Rhizosphere
THE DISPOSITION OF PESTICIDES IN THE SOIL ...1.0030
Rhode Island
TRANSFER OF PESTICIDES THROUGH SOILS, WATER, SEDI-
MENTS AND AQUATIC LIFE ...1.0202
Rickettsia
FACTORS AFFECTING THE ROLE OF MICROORGANISMS IN
THE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF INSECT PESTS ...2.00S3
AQUICULTURE, SALMON CULTURE - RESEARCH ...3.0053
EPIDEMOLOGY OF 'SALMON POISONING1 DISEASE ...3.0054
Anaplasma
BIOLOGY ECOLOGY AND CONTROL OF INSECTS TICKS
AND MITES WHICH ATTACK LIVESTOCK, POULTRY AND
HOUSEHOLD ...2.0040
TRANSMISSION OF ANAPLASMOSIS ...4.0032
A STUDY IN INSECT TRANSMISSION OF ANAPLASMOSIS
...4.0064
MOSQUITOES AS VECTORS OF LIVESTOCK DISEASES
...4.0065
Riparian Land
CHEMICAL CONTROL OF DITCHBANK WEEDS IN PEAT AND
SANDY SOIL AREAS OF SOUTH FLORIDA ...2.0114
River Basins
GREEN BAY RESEARCH PROGRAM ...1.0112
UPPER ST. JOHNS RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY, FLORIDA
...1.0134
PESTICIDES INPUTS AND LEVELS IN MINNESOTA WATERS
OF LAKE SUPERIOR BASIN ...1.0166
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE USE OF AGRICUL-
TURAL CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS AND THEIR
RESIDUES IN CHANNEL CATFISH ...1.0298
THE UPTAKE OF DIELDRIN IN THE THREE RIDGED NAIAD,
AMBLEMA PLICATA ...1.0301
Rotations
EFFICIENCY AND HAZARDS OF RESIDUAL HERBICIDES IN
SOILS UNDER IRRIGATION. ...1.0010
CHEMICAL CONTAMINANTS IN SOIL AND WATER RUNOFF
IN NEW ENGLAND ...1.0051
MOVEMENT OF INSECTICIDES IN SOIL AND WATER ...1.0098
WEED CONTROL IN RICE PRODUCTION ...2.0097
Rotenone -see Pesticides
EVALUATION OF GIZZARD SHAD AS A FORAGE FISH
...1.0356
STRIPED BASS STUDIES ...2.0193
BIOLOGICAL AND LIMNOLOGICAL INVENTORY OF SEVEN
FLOOD CONTROL RESERVOIRS IN THE STATE OF INDI-
ANA ...2.0199
JO-MARY POND RECLAMATION ...2.0201
ESTABLISH MINIMUM DOSES OF ANTIMYCIN AND
ROTENONE NEEDED FOR TOTAL KILLS OF TARGET
FISHES ...2.0247
RENOVATION OF TROUT STREAMS ...4.0076
REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY AND EARLY LIFE HISTORY OF
CYPRINIDS IN EAST AND PAULINA LAKES ...4.0083
Runoff
EFFECT OF USING RUNOFF WATER IN RECHARGE WELLS-
HIGH PLAINS AREA ...1.0100
EFFECT OF PESTICIDES ON THE QUALITY OF SURFACE
AND GROUND WATERS IN THE WESTERN GULF REGION
...1.0101
IDENTIFICATION AND DETERMINATION OF PESTICIDE
RESIDUES IN SOIL AND RUNOFF AND DRAINAGE
WATERS. ...1.0110
Agricultural Runoff
NUTRIENT & WATER INPUTS & OUTGO FROM THE OR-
GANIC & MINERAL SOILS IN THE LAKE APOPKA AREA
...1.0029
PESTICIDES IN SOILS AND WATERS OF THE SOUTHERN
PIEDMONT ...1.0033
EFFECT OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES AND OTHER ORGANO-
TOXICANTS ON THE QUALITY OF SURFACE AND
GROUNDWATER RESOURCES ...1.0041
ROW LENGTH, GRADE AND DRAINAGE REQUIREMENTS OF
CROPS ...1.0049
CHEMICAL CONTAMINANTS IN SOIL AND WATER RUNOFF
IN NEW ENGLAND ...1.0051
SOILS, PESTICIDES AND THE QUALITY OF WATER ...1.0065
NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS, HERBICIDE MOVEMENT BY SOIL
WATER AND SOURCES OF CONTAMINATION ...1.0073
EFFECTS OF VEGETATIVE COVERS UPON RUNOFF FROM
PRINCIPAL SOILS OF WESTERN NORTH CAROLINA
...1.0074
PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN PLANTS, ANIMALS, SOILS, AND
WATER ...1.0075
EFFECT OF AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS ON THE QUALITY
OF GROUND AND SURFACE WATERS ...1.0080
PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF PERSISTENCE AND
MOVEMENT OF HERBICIDES IN SOIL ...1.0090
FATES OF AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS IN SOILS ...1.0092
MOVEMENT OF INSECTICIDES IN SOIL AND WATER ...1.0098
MOVEMENT OF HERBICIDES IN SOIL, SURFACE WATER
AND UNDERGROUND WATER ...1.0099
INTERFERING SOIL CONSTITUENTS IN DETERMINATION OF
PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN SOIL AND WATER ...1.0109
PREDICTING MINERAL QUALITY OF RETURN FLOW
WATER ...1.0122
ATTENTION AND RUNOFF OF PESTICIDES FROM AGRICUL-
TURAL LANDS TO SURFACE WATERS ...1.0124
RURAL RUNOFF CONTROL ...1.0135
LIMNOLOGICAL FACTORS AFFECTING PESTICIDE
RESIDUES IN SURFACE WATERS ...1.0149
POLLUTION LOADS IN RUNOFF FROM SMALL AGRICUL-
TURAL WATERSHEDS ...1.0154
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SEDIMENTS
...1.0170
LOSSES OF FERTILIZERS AND PESTICIDES IN RUNOFF ERO-
SION ...1.0178
GROUND AND SURFACE WATERS - POLLUTION ...1.0182
QUALITY OF STORM WATER DRAINAGE FROM URBAN
LAND AREAS IN NORTH CAROLINA ...1.0187
CHEMICAL AND SEDIMENT MOVEMENT FROM AGRICUL-
TURAL LAND INTO LAKE ERIE ...1.0191
RELATION OF AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES TO WATER
QUALITY IN NORTH APPALACHIAN REGION ...1.0194
QUANTIFICATION OF POLLUTANTS IN AGRICULTURAL RU-
NOFF ...1.0204
CHEMICAL, PHYSICAL, AND BIOLOGICAL DYNAMICS OF
NORTHERN PRAIRIE LAKES ...1.0205
INVESTIGATION OF RICE IRRIGATION RETURN FLOWS -
TEXAS COASTAL PRAIRIE REGION ...1.0209
OCCURRENCE OF PESTICIDES IN AQUATIC ENVIRON-
MENTS ...1.0219
CONTAMINATION OF CHANNEL CATFISH WITH DIELDRIN
FROM AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF ...1.0247
PREVENTION OF PESTICIDE POLLUTION FROM COASTAL
INSECT CONTROL PROGRAMS ...1.0358
THE INFLUENCE OF HERBICIDES USED ON HORTICUL-
TURAL CROPS ON STREAM ECOLOGY ...2.0150
2-150
-------
SUBJECT INDEX
Screening Potential Pesticides
Storm - Runoff Relationships
MOVEMENT OF HERBICIDES OFF, INTO AND THROUGH
SOILS ...1.0071
EFFECTS OF VEGETATIVE COVERS UPON RUNOFF FROM
PRINCIPAL SOILS OP WESTERN NORTH CAROLINA
...1.0074
FATE OF HERBICIDES IN PLANTS AND SOILS ...1.0095
MOVEMENT OF INSECTICIDES IN SOIL AND WATER ...1.0098
FERTILIZERS AND SEDIMENTS AS WATER POLLUTANTS
...1.0179
QUALITY OF STORM WATER DRAINAGE FROM URBAN
LAND AREAS IN NORTH CAROLINA ...1.0187
PROVIDE A CONTINUOUS SURVEY OF THE LITERATURE
ON STORM AND COMBINED SEWERS ...1.0199
PESTICIDE MONITORING PROGRAM LAKE MICHIGAN AND
TRIBUTARIES IN ILLINOIS ...1.0328
Subsurface Runoff
NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS, HERBICIDE MOVEMENT BY SOIL
WATER AND SOURCES OF CONTAMINATION ...1.0073
FATES OF AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS IN SOILS ...1.0092
Urban Runoff
QUALITY OF STORM WATER DRAINAGE FROM URBAN
LAND AREAS IN NORTH CAROLINA ...1.0187
PROVIDE A CONTINUOUS SURVEY OF THE LITERATURE
ON STORM AND COMBINED SEWERS ...1.0199
Rural Areas
REMOVAL OF CONTAMINANTS FROM RURAL WATER SUP-
PLIES ...1.0047
RURAL RUNOFF CONTROL ...1.0135
TRANSFER OF PESTICIDES THROUGH WATER, SEDIMENTS,
AND AQUATIC LIFE ...1.0201
ILLINOIS LAWS AFFECTING AGRICULTURE ...1.0332
RESEARCH ON ARTHROPOD-BORNE DISEASES -1 ...4.0070
CALIFORNIA ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS IN WISCONSIN ...4.0075
Safety Measures
Hazardous Materials
CONTROL OF HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL SPILLS BY PHYSI-
CAL BARRIERS ...1.0086
Preventative Measures
PESTICIDE POLLUTION OF FARMSTEAD WATER SUPPLIES
IN THE SOUTHEAST ...1.0032
PESTICIDE POLLUTION OF FARMSTEAD WATER SUPPLIES
IN THE NORTHEAST ...1.0052
CONTROL OF HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL SPILLS BY PHYSI-
CAL BARRIERS ...1.0086
COOPERATIVE HERBICIDE MONITORING STUDY IN IRRIGA-
TION SYSTEMS ...1.0125
Safety Measures -other
PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN ENVIRONMENT AND EFFECTS ON
MARKETING AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES ...1.0062
DEEPWATER PILOT PLANT ENGINEERING AND INTERCEP-
TOR FEASIBILITY STUDY ...1.0184
Safety Measures -pesticides
METHODS FOR DISPOSAL OF SPILLED AND UNUSED PESTI-
CIDES ...1.0060
CONTROL OF HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL SPILLS BY PHYSI-
CAL BARRIERS ...1.0086
CHARACTERISTICS AND POLLUTIONAL PROBLEMS OF
PESTICIDE MANUFACTURING WASTES ...1.0093
DEVELOP A SELECTIVE ALGAC1DE TO CONTROL
NUISANCE ALGAL GROWTH ...2.0151
Saline Soils
SOIL AND WATER MANAGEMENT FOR SALINITY CONTROL
- PHASE II ...1.0066
QUALITY OF IRRIGATION RETURN FLOW ...1.0102
STUDIES IN SOILS, CROPS, WATER MANAGEMENT AND
WEED CONTROL UNDER IRRIGATED CONDITIONS
ANATOMICAL, PHYSIOLOGICAL AND ECOLOGICAL STU-
DIES ON MYRIOPHYLLUM SPICATIU ...4.0013
OCCURRENCE AND BIONOMICS OF BLOODSUCKING
MIDGES (DIPTERA: CERATOPOGONIDAE) IN IOWA
...4.0056
Sampling Methods
DEVELOPMENT OF FIELD METHODS IN SAMPLING WATER
FOR PESTICIDE ANALYSIS ...1.0173
ARTIFICIAL SUBSTRATE SAMPLERS AS INDICATORS OF
WATER QUALITY ...1.0225
PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN OR ON RAW AGRICULTURAL COM-
MODITIES ...1.0306
San Francisco Bay
ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY OF SAN FRANCISCO BAY
WATERS AND SEDIMENTS ...1.0120
Sanitation
CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC CONTROL OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS BY
HORMONES ...2.0266
RESEARCH ON ARTHROPOD-BORNE DISEASES -1 ...4.0070
Saponins
INCIDENCE BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF FASCIOLA
HEPATICA IN THE SOUTHWEST ...2.0280
Scanning
PESTICIDE RESIDUES ON ARIZONA CROPS ...1.0007
Screening Potential Pesticides
EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON AQUATIC ANIMALS IN THE
ESTUARINE AND MARINE ENVIRONMENTS ...1.0234
SCREENING OF PESTICIDES AGAINST FISH AT COLUMBIA
MISSOURI ..1.0277
CONTROL OF COMMON HOUSEFLY ...2.0005
EVALUATION OF NEW INSECTICIDES ...2.0015
NEW INSECTICIDES & TECHNIQUES FOR PEST CONTROL
...2.0016
INVESTIGATIONS OF THE ACTION OF CHEMOSTERILANTS
ON HOUSEFLIES AND OTHER MEDICALLY IMPORTANT
ARTHROPODS ...2.0026
SYNTHETIC INSECT CONTROL AGENTS, GAINESVILLE
...2.0028
INSECT CHEMOSTERILANTS ...2.0049
BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF INSECT CONTROL AGENTS
...2.0050
STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIPS AND MODE OF AC-
TION OF INSECTICIDE SYNERGISTS ...2.0067
SELECTIVE TOXICITY BY OPTICALLY ACTIVE
PHOSPHONOTHIONATE PESTICIDES ...2.0086
CHEMICAL CONTROL OF WEEDS IN PONDS ...2.0093
WEED CONTROL IN CITRICULTURE ...2.0123
FACTORS CONTROLLING THE GROWTH OF THE AQUATIC
WEED SALVINIA ...2.0166
INVESTIGATION OF AQUATIC WEED PROBLEMS AND
MEANS OF CONTROL, WITH EMPHASIS ON BRAZILIAN
WATERWEED ..2.0167
WEED CONTROL IN RICE FIELDS AND PASTURE LANDS IN
THE GULF COAST AREA ...2.0176
BIOASSAY ...2.0211
INTENSIVE SCREENING OF POTENTIAL FISH CONTROL
AGENTS - POTENTIATION OF ANT1MYCIN ...2.0241
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF SNAILS ...2.0268
2-151
-------
Screening Potential Pesticides
SUBJECT INDEX
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF TERRESTRIAL MOLLUSCS
...2.0281
CORRELATION OF STRUCTURE VS. ACTIVITY OF POLLU-
TANTS OF FRESH WATER ...2.0290
OYSTER DRIL (OCINEBRA JAPONICA) CONTROL ...2.0293
THE CONTROL OF SLUGS ..2.0294
CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC STUDIES ON FISH PATHOGENIC BAC-
TERIA ...3.0123
DEVELOPMENT OF AN ORALLY EFFECTIVE INSECT REPEL-
LENT ...4.00S1
BIONOMICS AND CONTROL OF ASIAN MOSQUITOES -
.4.0058
Sea Water Chemistry
ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY OF SAN FRANCISCO BAY
WATERS AND SEDIMENTS ...1.0120
A STUDY PROGRAM TO IDENTIFY PROBLEMS RELATED TO
OCEANIC ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY NORTH ATLAN-
TIC ...1.0158
ADSORPTION OF PESTICIDES FROM SEA WATER ...1.0159
RESEARCH VESSEL OPERATIONS ...3.0048
Sea Water Motion
RESEARCH VESSEL OPERATIONS ...3.0048
Sea Water Properties
Depth
ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY OF SAN FRANCISCO BAY
WATERS AND SEDIMENTS ...1.0120
Optical
RESEARCH VESSEL OPERATIONS ...3.0048
Temperature
ADSORPTION OF PESTICIDES FROM SEA WATER ...1.0159
Turbidity
ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY OF SAN FRANCISCO BAY
WATERS AND SEDIMENTS ...1.0120
RESEARCH VESSEL OPERATIONS ...3.0048
Sedimentology
WATER YIELD IN THE CHAPARRAL AND WOODLAND
ZONE OF THE SOUTHWEST ...1.0005
MOVEMENT OF INSECTICIDES IN SOIL AND WATER ...1.0098
EFFECT OF USING RUNOFF WATER IN RECHARGE WELLS-
HIGH PLAINS AREA ...1.0100
GREEN BAY RESEARCH PROGRAM ...1.0112
ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY OF SAN FRANCISCO BAY
WATERS AND SEDIMENTS ...1.0120
CHEMICAL AND SEDIMENT MOVEMENT FROM AGRICUL-
TURAL LAND INTO LAKE ERIE ...1.0191
QUANTIFICATION OF POLLUTANTS IN AGRICULTURAL RU-
NOFF ...1.0204
INSECTICIDE ADSORPTION BY LAKE SEDIMENTS AS A FAC-
TOR CONTROLLING INSECTICIDE ACCUMULATION IN
LAKES .1.0223
Composition
Chemical
ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY OF SAN FRANCISCO BAY
WATERS AND SEDIMENTS ...1.0120
Interstitial - Connate Water
RESEARCH VESSEL OPERATIONS ...3.0048
Mineralogical
ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY OF SAN FRANCISCO BAY
WATERS AND SEDIMENTS ...1.0120
Organic
ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY OF SAN FRANCISCO BAY
WATERS AND SEDIMENTS ...1.0120
THE FACTOR CONTROLLING THE DYNAMICS OF NON-
IONIC SYNTHETIC ORGANIC CHEMICALS IN AQUATIC
ENVIRONMENTS ...1.0148
Organic Deposits
NUTRIENT & WATER INPUTS & OUTGO FROM THE OR-
GANIC & MINERAL SOILS IN THE LAKE APOPKA AREA
...1.0029
Physical Properties
Adsorption Capacity
POLLUTION EFFECTS ON GROUND WATER RECHARGE IN
HAWAII ...1.0036
GREEN BAY RESEARCH PROGRAM ...1.0112
THE FACTOR CONTROLLING THE DYNAMICS OF NON-
IONIC SYNTHETIC ORGANIC CHEMICALS IN AQUATIC
ENVIRONMENTS ...1.0148
SORPTION AND DESORPTION OF CHLORINATED
HYDROCARBON PESTICIDES IN AQUATIC SEDIMENT
MINERALS ...1.0181
INSECTICIDE ADSORPTION BY LAKE SEDIMENTS AS A FAC-
TOR CONTROLLING INSECTICIDE ACCUMULATION IN
LAKES ...1.0223
INFLUENCE OF SUSPENDED MICROSCOPIC SUBSTANCES
ON THE METABOLISM OF MICROORGANISMS RESPONSI-
BLE FOR BIOLOGICAL ENRICHMENT OF WATER ...4.0027
Permeability
EFFECT OF USING RUNOFF WATER IN RECHARGE WELLS-
HIGH PLAINS AREA .1.0100
Size
ELECTROPHORETIC CLARIFICATION OF WATER ...1.0211
Suspension
ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY OF SAN FRANCISCO BAY
WATERS AND SEDIMENTS ...1.0120
THE FACTOR CONTROLLING THE DYNAMICS OF NON-
IONIC SYNTHETIC ORGANIC CHEMICALS IN AQUATIC
ENVIRONMENTS ...1.0148
ELECTROPHORETIC CLARIFICATION OF WATER ...1.0211
INFLUENCE OF SUSPENDED MICROSCOPIC SUBSTANCES
ON THE METABOLISM OF MICROORGANISMS RESPONSI-
BLE FOR BIOLOGICAL ENRICHMENT OF WATER ...4.0027
Seeds -see Plant Morphology
LIFE CYCLES OF ROTTBELLIA EXALTATA AND AM-
PHIBROMUS SCABRIVALVIS AND DEVELOPMENT OF
CONTROL MEASURES ...4.0010
Seepage
EFFECT OF PESTICIDES ON THE QUALITY OF SURFACE
AND GROUND WATERS IN THE WESTERN GULF REGION
...1.0101
Selectivity of Pest Control
METHODS FOR CONTROLLING ALLIGATORWEED AND
OTHER WEEDS IN CANALS, WATERWAYS, AND AD-
JACENT WATERS IN THE SOUTHEASTERN U. S. ...2.0186
Selenium
THE ROLE OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF
NUISANCE GROWTHS ...2.0174
Separation
DEVELOPMENT OF FIELD METHODS IN SAMPLING WATER
FOR PESTICIDE ANALYSIS ...1.0173
2-152
-------
SUBJECT INDEX
Soil Chemical Properties
Coagulation
PRINCIPLES, FACILITIES AND SYSTEMS FOR GROUND
WATER RECHARGE-SOUTHERN PLAINS ...1.0094
Filtration
SORPTION AND MOVEMENT OF POLLUTED WATER IN SOIL
...1.0012
CONCENTRATION AND ANALYSIS OF PESTICIDES AND
OTHER RECALCITRANT MOLECULES IN WATER SUP-
PLIES BY ULTRAFILTRATION ...1.0185
ELECTROPHORETIC CLARIFICATION OF WATER ...1.0211
Flocculation
PRINCIPLES, FACILITIES AND SYSTEMS FOR GROUND
WATER RECHARGE-SOUTHERN PLAINS . .1.0094
Gel Filtration
DEVELOPMENT OF FIELD METHODS IN SAMPLING WATER
FOR PESTICIDE ANALYSIS ...1.0173
Sewage
STUDY OF METHODS FOR REDUCING WATER POLLUTION
FROM STORM SEWER AND COMBINATION DISCHARGES
THROUGH DEFINED PUBLIC WORKS PRACTICES ...1.0142
DEEPWATER PILOT PLANT-ENGINEERING AND INTERCEP-
TOR FEASIBILITY ...1.0183
PROVIDE A CONTINUOUS SURVEY OF THE LITERATURE
ON STORM AND COMBINED SEWERS ...1.0199
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF MIDGES, GNATS AND
MOSQUITOES ...2.0014
INTERACTIONS BETWEEN AQUATIC PLANTS AND SEWAGE
EFFLUENT ...4.0001
A STUDY OF ALGAL POPULATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH DIF-
FERENT LEVELS OF WATER QUALITY IN NEW
HAMPSHIRE ...4.0018
Sheep & Goat Husbandry
INCIDENCE BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF FASCIOLA
HEPATICA IN THE SOUTHWEST ...2.0280
Silicates - Tectosilicates
ALTERING PERSISTENCE AND MOVEMENT OF HERBICIDES
IN SOIL, WATER, AND PLANTS ...1.0106
Skin Conditions
CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC CONTROL OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS BY
HORMONES ...2.0266
SWIMMER'S ITCH INTERMEDIATE HOSTS, DISTRIBUTION
AND ECOLOGY ...2.0278
CYTOLOGY OF VIRAL NEOPLASMS OF FISH ...3.0045
(U) REPELLENCY AND ATTRACTIVENESS OF MAN TO
...4.0040
AND REPELLENCY OF MAN TO
...4.0041
MOSQUITO BITES .
ATTRACTIVENESS
MOSQUITO BITES .
Snowmelt
FATES OF AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS IN SOILS ...1.0092
Social Sciences
AN ECOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF STREAM EUTROPHICA-
TION ...1.0161
WATERSHED ANALYSIS RELATING TO EUTROPHICATION
OF LAKE MICHIGAN ..1.0162
INTER-DISCIPLINARY RESEARCH IN THE AREA OF THE
KANO PLAINS, WESTERN KENYA ...4.0059
Attitudes & Attitude Change
INTER-DISCIPLINARY RESEARCH IN THE AREA OF THE
KANO PLAINS, WESTERN KENYA ...4.0059
Citizen's Participation
LEGAL REPRESENTATION OF CITIZEN'S INTERESTS IN EN-
VIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ...2.0069
Ecology
LEGAL REPRESENTATION OF CITIZEN'S INTERESTS IN EN-
VIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ...2.0069
Law and Legal Procedures
ILLINOIS LAWS AFFECTING AGRICULTURE ...1.0332
LEGAL REPRESENTATION OF CITIZEN'S INTERESTS IN EN-
VIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ...2.0069
Legislative Processes
ILLINOIS LAWS AFFECTING AGRICULTURE ...1.0332
Science
LEGAL REPRESENTATION OF CITIZEN'S INTERESTS IN EN-
VIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ...2.0069
Soil Analysis
Core Samples
SOIL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND SOIL WATER MOVE-
MENT ...1.0072
Soil Profile Studies
CHEMICAL CONTAMINANTS IN SOIL AND WATER RUNOFF
IN NEW ENGLAND ...1.0051
Soil Testing
AGRICULTURAL CONTRIBUTIONS TO NUTRIENTS IN
WATER ...1.0186
Soils, Column Leaching Diff
PESTICIDE MOBILITY AND DEGRADATION IN SOIL-WATER
SYSTEMS ...1.0013
MOVEMENT AND ADSORPTION OF PESTICIDES IN STERIL-
IZED SOIL COLUMNS ...1.0028
PESTICIDE MOBILITY AND DEGRADATION IN SOIL-WATER
SYSTEMS ...1.0034
PATTERNS OF PESTICIDE CONTAMINATION OF WATER
...1.0039
INACTIVATION AND LOSS PESTICIDES FROM SOIL ...1.0048
INACTIVATION AND LOSS OF PESTICIDES FROM SOIL
...1.0076
BEHAVIOR OF SPECIFIC HERBICIDES IN PLANTS AND SOILS
...1.0081
BEHAVIOR OF SPECIFIC HERBICIDES IN PLANTS AND SOILS
...1.0091
INACTIVATION AND LOSS OF PESTICIDES FROM SOIL
...1.0097
SORPTION AND DESORPTION OF CHLORINATED
HYDROCARBON PESTICIDES IN AQUATIC SEDIMENT
MINERALS ...1.0181
Soil Chemical Properties
CHARACTERIZATION OF SURFACES OF CRYSTALLINE AND
AMORPHOUS SOIL COLLOIDS ...1.0042
QUALITY OF IRRIGATION RETURN FLOW ...1.0102
Absorption, Fixation, Exchange
INACTIVATION AND LOSS OF PESTICIDES FROM SOIL
.1.0002
PESTICIDE MOBILITY AND DEGRADATION IN SOIL-WATER
SYSTEMS ...1.0006
SORPTION AND MOVEMENT OF POLLUTED WATER IN SOIL
...1.0012
2-153
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Soil Chemical Properties
SUBJECT INDEX
RESIDUES OF SELECTED PESTICIDES IN PLANTS, ANIMALS,
AND THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT ...1.0019
REACTIONS OF PESTICIDES WITH SOILS IN RELATION TO
SOIL PRODUCTIVITY IN THE SOUTHWEST ...1.0021
CHLORINATED PESTICIDES IN THE SOIL-WATER-PLANT
SYSTEM AND THEIR MANAGEMENT TO AVOID POLLU-
TION ...1.0024
MOVEMENT AND ADSORPTION OF PESTICIDES IN STERIL-
IZED SOIL COLUMNS ...1.0028
PESTICIDE MOBILITY AND DEGRADATION IN SOIL-WATER
SYSTEMS . .1.0034
BEHAVIOR OF PESTICIDES AND POLLUTANTS IN SOIL.
WATER, AND PLANTS ...1.0053
TRANSLOCATION OF PESTICIDES FROM CRANBERRY BOGS
TO THEIR SURROUNDINGS ...1.0056
RELATIONSHIP OF PESTICIDES IN SOIL, WATER AND
PLANTS ...1.0057
SOILS, PESTICIDES AND THE QUALITY OF WATER ...1.0061
SOILS, PESTICIDES AND THE QUALITY OF WATER ...1.0065
INACTIVATION AND LOSS OF PESTICIDES FROM SOIL
...1.0076
BEHAVIOR OF SPECIFIC HERBICIDES IN PLANTS AND SOILS
...1.0081
PESTICIDE MOBILITY AND DEGRADATION IN SOIL-WATER
SYSTEMS ...1.0084
PESTICIDE MOBILITY AND DEGRADATION IN SOIL-WATER
SYSTEMS ...1.0085
PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF PERSISTENCE AND
MOVEMENT OF HERBICIDES IN SOIL ...1.0090
INACTIVATION AND LOSS OF PESTICIDES FROM SOIL
...1.0097
MOVEMENT OF HERBICIDES IN SOIL, SURFACE WATER
AND UNDERGROUND WATER ...1.0099
SOILS, PESTICIDES AND THE QUALITY OF WATER ...1.0105
RURAL RUNOFF CONTROL ...1.0135
THE FACTOR CONTROLLING THE DYNAMICS OF NON-
IONIC SYNTHETIC ORGANIC CHEMICALS IN AQUATIC
ENVIRONMENTS ...1.0148
SORPTION AND DESORPTION OF CHLORINATED
HYDROCARBON PESTICIDES IN AQUATIC SEDIMENT
MINERALS ...1.0181
INSECTICIDE ADSORPTION BY LAKE SEDIMENTS AS A FAC-
TOR CONTROLLING INSECTICIDE ACCUMULATION IN
LAKES ...1.0223
INSECTICIDE ADSORPTION BY LAKE SEDIMENTS AS A FAC-
TOR CONTROLLING INSECTICIDE ACCUMULATION IN
LAKES ...1.0224
CHLORINATED ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS IN THE MIL-
WAUKEE RIVER ...1.0226
WEED CONTROL IN IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE SYSTEMS
.2.0104
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF AQUATIC WEEDS ...2.0162
Chemical Properties -other
REACTIONS OF PESTICIDES WITH SOILS ...1.0020
REACTIONS OF PESTICIDES WITH SOILS IN RELATION TO
SOIL PRODUCTIVITY IN THE SOUTHWEST ...1.0021
SOILS, PESTICIDES AND THE QUALITY OF WATER ...1.0061
MOVEMENT OF HERBICIDES OFF, INTO AND THROUGH
SOILS ...1.0071
BEHAVIOR OF SPECIFIC HERBICIDES IN PLANTS AND SOILS
1.0081
Mineralogy
INTERACTION OF FERTILIZERS WITH PESTICIDES AS RE-
LATED TO WATER QUALITY IN SOILS ...1.0008
REACTIONS OF PESTICIDES WITH SOILS ...1.0020
HERBICIDE EQUILIBRIA OF LATOSOLIC SOIL ...1.0035
CHARACTERIZATION OF SURFACES OF CRYSTALLINE AND
AMORPHOUS SOIL COLLOIDS ...1.0042
SOIL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND SOIL WATER MOVE-
MENT ...1.0072
NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS, HERBICIDE MOVEMENT BY SOIL
WATER AND SOURCES OF CONTAMINATION ...1.0073
INACTIVATION AND LOSS OF PESTICIDES FROM SOIL
...1.0076
PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF PERSISTENCE AND
MOVEMENT OF HERBICIDES IN SOIL ...1.0090
Movement, Availability
CHLORINATED PESTICIDES IN THE SOIL-WATER-PLANT
SYSTEM AND THEIR MANAGEMENT TO AVOID POLLU-
TION ...1.0024
EFFECT OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES AND OTHER ORGANO-
TOXICANTS ON THE QUALITY OF SURFACE AND
GROUNDWATER RESOURCES ...1.0041
INACTIVATION AND LOSS PESTICIDES FROM SOIL ...1.0048
SOIL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND SOIL WATER MOVE-
MENT ...1.0072
NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS, HERBICIDE MOVEMENT BY SOIL
WATER AND SOURCES OF CONTAMINATION ...1.0073
EFFECT OF AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS ON THE QUALITY
OF GROUND AND SURFACE WATERS ...1.0080
FATES OF AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS IN SOILS ...1.0092
INTERFERING SOIL CONSTITUENTS IN DETERMINATION OF
PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN SOIL AND WATER ...1.0109
CHEMICAL AND SEDIMENT MOVEMENT FROM AGRICUL-
TURAL LAND INTO LAKE ERIE ...1.0192
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS OF PESTICIDE USAGE
...1.0334
STUDIES IN SOILS, CROPS, WATER MANAGEMENT AND
WEED CONTROL UNDER IRRIGATED CONDITIONS
...2.0159
Soil Analysis
INTERACTION OF FERTILIZERS WITH PESTICIDES AS RE-
LATED TO WATER QUALITY IN SOILS ...1.0008
PESTICIDE MOBILITY AND DEGRADATION IN SOIL-WATER
SYSTEMS ...1.0013
RESPROUTING OF CHAPARRAL ...1.0017
PESTICIDE MOBILITY AND DEGRADATION IN SOIL-WATER
SYSTEMS ...1.0023
DISPOSITION OF PESTICIDES IN THE SOIL ...1.0031
EFFECTS OF VEGETATIVE COVERS UPON RUNOFF FROM
PRINCIPAL SOILS OF WESTERN NORTH CAROLINA
...1.0074
Soil Contamination
EFFECT OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES AND OTHER ORGANO-
TOXICANTS ON THE QUALITY OF SURFACE AND
GROUNDWATER RESOURCES ...1.0041
REDUCTION OF RESIDUES OF INSECTICIDAL CHEMICALS
IN THE ENVIRONMENT ...1.0046
RELATIONSHIP OF PESTICIDES IN SOIL, WATER AND
PLANTS ...1.0057
PESTICIDAL RESIDUES OF AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS
...1.0063
THE CYCLING OF CL-36 LABELED DDT IN NATURAL
ECOSYSTEMS ...1.0078
DEVELOPMENT OF TILLAGE-REPLACING HERBICIDE
SYSTEMS ...1.0196
TRANSFER OF PESTICIDES THROUGH SOILS, WATER, SEDI-
MENTS AND AQUATIC LIFE ...1.0202
ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY OF PESTICIDES ...1.0361
Soil Density
SOIL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND SOIL WATER MOVE-
MENT ...1.0072
Soil Depth
DISPOSITION OF PESTICIDES IN THE SOIL ...1.0031
EFFECTS OF VEGETATIVE COVERS UPON RUNOFF FROM
PRINCIPAL SOILS OF WESTERN NORTH CAROLINA
...1.0074
Soil Ecology
THE DISPOSITION OF PESTICIDES IN THE SOIL ...1.0030
2-154
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SUBJECT INDEX
Soil Environment -pesticide
EFFECT OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES AND OTHER ORGANO-
TOXICANTS ON THE QUALITY OF SURFACE AND
GROUNDWATER RESOURCES ...1.0041
INSECTICIDAL CHEMICALS IN THE ENVIRONMENT ...1.0043
PERSISTENCE, ACCUMULATION AND FATE OF PESTICIDES
IN CRANBERRY SOILS AND RESERVOIRS ...1.0055
EFFECTS OF INSECTICIDES ON ACTIVITY OF SOIL INHABIT-
ING INSECTS ...1.0059
INTERACTION OF HERBICIDES AND SOIL MICROORGAN-
ISMS ...1.0069
BEHAVIOR OF CHEMICALS INTRODUCED INTO THE
FOREST ENVIRONMENT AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE
ECOSYSTEM ...1.0083
PESTICIDE DETOX1CATION MECHANISMS OF MICROOR-
GANISMS IN SOIL AND WATER ...1.0087
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS OF PESTICIDE USAGE
...1.0334
IMPACT OF PESTICIDES UPON SEMI-WILD ECOSYSTEMS
...1.0335
BIOLOGICAL STUDIES OF CUL1COIDES AND THEIR CON-
TROL IN THE CANAL ZONE ...4.0043
Soil Environment -pesticide
INTERFERING SOIL CONSTITUENTS IN DETERMINATION OF
PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN SOIL AND WATER ...1.0109
PESTICIDE MONITORING OF AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT,
MICHIGAN PORTION OF THE GREAT LAKES BASIN
...1.0163
Chemical Degradation
INTERACTION OF FERTILIZERS WITH PESTICIDES AS RE-
LATED TO WATER QUALITY IN SOILS ...1.0008
EFFICIENCY AND HAZARDS OF RESIDUAL HERBICIDES IN
SOILS UNDER IRRIGATION. ...1.0010
REACTIONS OF PESTICIDES WITH SOILS ...1.0020
REACTIONS OF PESTICIDES WITH SOILS IN RELATION TO
SOIL PRODUCTIVITY IN THE SOUTHWEST ...1.0021
PESTICIDE MOBILITY AND DEGRADATION IN SOIL-WATER
SYSTEMS ...1.0023
CHLORINATED PESTICIDES IN THE SOIL-WATER-PLANT
SYSTEM AND THEIR MANAGEMENT TO AVOID POLLU-
TION ...1.0024
CHARACTERIZATION OF SURFACES OF CRYSTALLINE AND
AMORPHOUS SOIL COLLOIDS ...1.0042
FATE OF PESTICIDES ...1.0064
INACTIVATION AND LOSS OF PESTICIDES FROM SOIL
...1.0076
PESTICIDE MOBILITY AND DEGRADATION IN SOIL-WATER
SYSTEMS ...1.0084
BEHAVIOR OF SPECIFIC HERBICIDES IN PLANTS AND SOILS
...1.0091
SOILS, PESTICIDES AND THE QUALITY OF WATER ...1.0105
SOILS, PESTICIDES AND THE QUALITY OF WATER ...1.0141
EFFECT OF HERBICIDES ON AN AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT
...1.0228
Microbial Degradation
AND LOSS OF
PESTICIDES FROM SOIL
INACTIVATION
...1.0002
PESTICIDE MOBILITY AND DEGRADATION IN SOIL-WATER
SYSTEMS ...1.0023
THE DISPOSITION OF PESTICIDES IN THE SOIL ...1.0030
HERBICIDE EQUILIBRIA OF LATOSOL1C SOIL ...1.0035
EFFECT OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES AND OTHER ORGANO-
TOXICANTS ON THE QUALITY OF SURFACE AND
GROUNDWATER RESOURCES ...1.0041
INSECTICIDAL CHEMICALS IN THE ENVIRONMENT ...1.0043
BEHAVIOR OF PESTICIDES AND POLLUTANTS IN SOIL,
WATER, AND PLANTS ...1.0053
INTERACTION OF HERBICIDES AND SOIL MICROORGAN-
ISMS ...1.0069
MULTI-DISCIPLINARY RESEARCH IN POLLUTION ...1.0070
BEHAVIOR OF SPECIFIC HERBICIDES IN PLANTS AND SOILS
...1.0081
MODE OF ACTION, TOXICITY, AND FACTORS INFLUENC-
ING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF FUNGICIDES ...1.0082
PESTICIDE DETOXICATION MECHANISMS OF MICROOR-
GANISMS IN SOIL AND WATER ...1.0087
CONSTRUCTION OF PESTICIDES DEGRADABLE BY NOR-
MAL MICROFLORA OF NATURAL WATERS AND SOILS
ACTION MECHANISMS OF INSECTICIDAL DERIVATIVES
...2.0089
Movement, Leaching
LEACHING OF SELECTED HERBICIDES IN ALABAMA SOILS
...1.0001
INACTIVATION AND LOSS OF PESTICIDES FROM SOIL
...1.0002
CONTROL METHODS FOR JUNIPERS, SHRUB LIVE OAK,
AND ASSOCIATED WEEDS ...1.0004
WATER YIELD IN THE CHAPARRAL AND WOODLAND
ZONE OF THE SOUTHWEST ...1.0005
PESTICIDE MOBILITY AND DEGRADATION IN SOIL-WATER
SYSTEMS ...1.0006
INTERACTION OF FERTILIZERS WITH PESTICIDES AS RE-
LATED TO WATER QUALITY IN SOILS ...1.0008
INACTIVATION AND LOSS OF PESTICIDES FROM SOIL
...1.0009
MOVEMENT OF CHLORINATED HYDROCARBON INSECTI-
CIDES IN SOILS ...1.0011
SORPTION AND MOVEMENT OF POLLUTED WATER IN SOIL
...1.0012
PESTICIDE MOBILITY AND DEGRADATION IN SOIL-WATER
SYSTEMS ...1.0013
VOLATILIZATION LOSSES OF PESTICIDES FROM SOILS
...1.0016
RESIDUES OF SELECTED PESTICIDES IN PLANTS, ANIMALS,
AND THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT ...1.0019
REACTIONS OF PESTICIDES WITH SOILS ..1.0020
REACTIONS OF PESTICIDES WITH SOILS IN RELATION TO
SOIL PRODUCTIVITY IN THE SOUTHWEST ...1.0021
BEHAVIOR OF POLLUTANTS IN WATER ...1.0022
PESTICIDE MOBILITY AND DEGRADATION IN SOIL-WATER
SYSTEMS ...1.0023
CHLORINATED PESTICIDES IN THE SOIL-WATER-PLANT
SYSTEM AND THEIR MANAGEMENT TO AVOID POLLU-
TION ...1.0024
MOVEMENT AND ADSORPTION OF PESTICIDES IN STERIL-
IZED SOIL COLUMNS ...1.0028
THE DISPOSITION OF PESTICIDES IN THE SOIL ...1.0030
DISPOSITION OF PESTICIDES IN THE SOIL ...1.0031
PESTICIDES IN SOILS AND WATERS OF THE SOUTHERN
PIEDMONT ...1.0033
PESTICIDE MOBILITY AND DEGRADATION IN SOIL-WATER
SYSTEMS ...1.0034
PATTERNS OF PESTICIDE CONTAMINATION OF WATER
...1.0039
EFFECT OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES AND OTHER ORGANO-
TOXICANTS ON THE QUALITY OF SURFACE AND
GROUNDWATER RESOURCES ...1.0041
MOVEMENT OF HERBICIDES IN SOIL BY MASS FLOW
...1.0044
WATER AND SOIL POLLUTION BY FARM CHEMICALS IN
THE LOWER MISSISSIPPI DELTA ...1.0050
CHEMICAL CONTAMINANTS IN SOIL AND WATER RUNOFF
IN NEW ENGLAND ...1.0051
BEHAVIOR OF PESTICIDES AND POLLUTANTS IN SOIL,
WATER, AND PLANTS ...1.0053
CONTROL OF PESTICIDES IN SOIL AND WATER ...1.0054
PERSISTENCE, ACCUMULATION AND FATE OF PESTICIDES
IN CRANBERRY SOILS AND RESERVOIRS ...1.0055
RELATIONSHIP OF PESTICIDES IN SOIL, WATER AND
PLANTS ...1.0057
EFFECTS OF INSECTICIDES ON ACTIVITY OF SOIL INHABIT-
ING INSECTS ...1.0059
SOILS, PESTICIDES AND THE QUALITY OF WATER ...1.0061
SOILS, PESTICIDES AND THE QUALITY OF WATER ...1.0065
SOIL AND WATER MANAGEMENT FOR SALINITY CONTROL
PHASE II ...1.0066
MOVEMENT OF HERBICIDES OFF, INTO AND THROUGH
SOILS ...1.0071
SOIL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND SOIL WATER MOVE-
MENT ...1.0072
2-155
465-868 O - 72 - 21
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Soil Environment -pesticide
SUBJECT INDEX
NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS, HERBICIDE MOVEMENT BY SOIL
WATER AND SOURCES OF CONTAMINATION ...1.0073
EFFECTS OF VEGETATIVE COVERS UPON RUNOFF FROM
PRINCIPAL SOILS OF WESTERN NORTH CAROLINA
...1.0074
PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN PLANTS, ANIMALS, SOILS, AND
WATER ...1.0075
INACTIVATION AND LOSS OF PESTICIDES FROM SOIL
...1.0076
FACTORS INFLUENCING INSECTICIDE RESIDUES IN FOOD,
FORAGE AND OIL CROPS, AND SOIL ...1.0077
EFFECT OF AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS ON THE QUALITY
OF GROUND AND SURFACE WATERS . .1.0080
BEHAVIOR OF SPECIFIC HERBICIDES IN PLANTS AND SOILS
...1.0081
BEHAVIOR OF CHEMICALS INTRODUCED INTO THE
FOREST ENVIRONMENT AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE
ECOSYSTEM .1.0083
PESTICIDE MOBILITY AND DEGRADATION IN SOIL-WATER
SYSTEMS 1.0084
PESTICIDE MOBILITY AND DEGRADATION IN SOIL-WATER
SYSTEMS ...1.0085
PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF PERSISTENCE AND
MOVEMENT OF HERBICIDES IN SOIL ...1.0090
BEHAVIOR OF SPECIFIC HERBICIDES IN PLANTS AND SOILS
...1.0091
FATES OF AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS IN SOILS ...1.0092
FATE OF HERBICIDES IN PLANTS AND SOILS ...1.0095
PERSISTENCE AND MODES OF HERBICIDE DISSIPATION
UNDER RANGELAND CONDITIONS ...1.0096
INACTIVATION AND LOSS OF PESTICIDES FROM SOIL
...1.0097
MOVEMENT OF INSECTICIDES IN SOIL AND WATER ...1.0098
MOVEMENT OF HERBICIDES IN SOIL, SURFACE WATER
AND UNDERGROUND WATER ...1.0099
SOILS, PESTICIDES, AND THE QUALITY OF WATER ...1.0103
SOILS, PESTICIDES AND THE QUALITY OF WATER ...1.0105
ALTERING PERSISTENCE AND MOVEMENT OF HERBICIDES
IN SOIL, WATER, AND PLANTS ...1.0106
FATE OF INSECTICIDES IN SOIL AND THEIR MOVEMENT IN
WATER AND CROPS ...1.0111
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN PESTICIDES AND GEORGIA
FARM POND ECOSYSTEMS ...1.0138
SOILS, PESTICIDES AND THE QUALITY OF WATER ...1.0141
SORPTION AND DESORPTION OF CHLORINATED
HYDROCARBON PESTICIDES IN AQUATIC SEDIMENT
MINERALS ...1.0181
CONTAMINATION OF SURFACE AND GROUND WATER
WITH INSECTICIDES AND HERBICIDES APPLIED TO CUL-
TIVATED CROPS ...1.0189
CHEMICAL AND SEDIMENT MOVEMENT FROM AGRICUL-
TURAL LAND INTO LAKE ERIE ...1.0191
TRANSFER OF PESTICIDES THROUGH SOILS, WATER, SEDI-
MENTS AND AQUATIC LIFE ...1.0202
OCCURRENCE OF PESTICIDES IN AQUATIC ENVIRON-
MENTS ...1.0219
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS OF PESTICIDE USAGE
..1.0334
ECOLOGY OF PESTICIDES IN AN AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM
...1.0339
INSECTICIDES AND EGG-SHELL DEPOSITION ...1.0368
Persistance-residues in Soils
INACTIVATION AND LOSS OF PESTICIDES FROM SOIL
.1.0002
PESTICIDE MOBILITY AND DEGRADATION IN SOIL-WATER
SYSTEMS 1.0006
INACTIVATION AND LOSS OF PESTICIDES FROM SOIL
...1.0009
EFFICIENCY AND HAZARDS OF RESIDUAL HERBICIDES IN
SOILS UNDER IRRIGATION. ...1.0010
MOVEMENT OF CHLORINATED HYDROCARBON INSECTI-
CIDES IN SOILS ...1.0011
SORPTION AND MOVEMENT OF POLLUTED WATER IN SOIL
...1.0012
PESTICIDE MOBILITY AND DEGRADATION IN SOIL-WATER
SYSTEMS ...1.0013
RESPROUTING OF CHAPARRAL ...1.0017
ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR PESTICIDES IN SOIL AND
WATER ...1.0018
RESIDUES OF SELECTED PESTICIDES IN PLANTS, ANIMALS
AND THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT ...1.0019
REACTIONS OF PESTICIDES WITH SOILS ...1.0020
REACTIONS OF PESTICIDES WITH SOILS IN RELATION TO
SOIL PRODUCTIVITY IN THE SOUTHWEST ...1.0021
BEHAVIOR OF POLLUTANTS IN WATER ...1.0022
PESTICIDE MOBILITY AND DEGRADATION IN SOIL-WATER
SYSTEMS ...1.0023
CHLORINATED PESTICIDES IN THE SOIL-WATER-PLANT
SYSTEM AND THEIR MANAGEMENT TO AVOID POLLU-
TION ...1.0024
CONTROL OF WEEDS IN AGRONOMIC AND VEGETABLE
CROPS WITH HERBICIDES ...1.0025
THE DISPOSITION OF PESTICIDES IN THE SOIL ...1.0030
DISPOSITION OF PESTICIDES IN THE SOIL ...1.0031
PESTICIDES IN SOILS AND WATERS OF THE SOUTHERN
PIEDMONT ...1.0033
HERBICIDE EQUILIBRIA OF LATOSOLIC SOIL ...1.0035
REDUCTION OF HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH RESIDUES OF
INSECTICIDAL CHEMICALS IN THE ENVIRONMENT
...1.0037
PATTERNS OF PESTICIDE CONTAMINATION OF WATER
...1.0039
REDUCTION OF PESTICIDE RESIDUE HAZARDS . .1.0040
EFFECT OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES AND OTHER ORGANO-
TOXICANTS ON THE QUALITY OF SURFACE AND
GROUNDWATER RESOURCES ...1.0041
CHARACTERIZATION OF SURFACES OF CRYSTALLINE AND
AMORPHOUS SOIL COLLOIDS ...1.0042
INSECTICIDAL CHEMICALS IN THE ENVIRONMENT ...1.0043
REDUCTION OF RESIDUES OF INSECTICIDAL CHEMICALS
IN THE ENVIRONMENT ...1.0046
REMOVAL OF CONTAMINANTS FROM RURAL WATER SUP-
PLIES ...1.0047
INACTIVATION AND LOSS PESTICIDES FROM SOIL ...1.0048
WATER AND SOIL POLLUTION BY FARM CHEMICALS IN
THE LOWER MISSISSIPPI DELTA ...1.0050
CHEMICAL CONTAMINANTS IN SOIL AND WATER RUNOFF
IN NEW ENGLAND ...1.0051
BEHAVIOR OF PESTICIDES AND POLLUTANTS IN SOIL,
WATER, AND PLANTS ...1.0053
CONTROL OF PESTICIDES IN SOIL AND WATER ...1.0054
PERSISTENCE, ACCUMULATION AND FATE OF PESTICIDES
IN CRANBERRY SOILS AND RESERVOIRS ...1.0055
TRANSLOCAT1ON OF PESTICIDES FROM CRANBERRY BOGS
TO THEIR SURROUNDINGS ...1.0056
EFFECTS OF INSECTICIDES ON ACTIVITY OF SOIL INHABIT-
ING INSECTS ...1.0059
SOILS, PESTICIDES AND THE QUALITY OF WATER ...1.0061
AN EVALUATION OF THE INSECTICIDE 'SEVIN1 AS A
WATERSHED POLLUTANT ...1.0067
MULTI-DISCIPLINARY RESEARCH IN POLLUTION ...1.0070
MOVEMENT OF HERBICIDES OFF, INTO AND THROUGH
SOILS ...1.0071
PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN PLANTS, ANIMALS, SOILS, AND
WATER ...1.0075
FACTORS INFLUENCING INSECTICIDE RESIDUES IN FOOD,
FORAGE AND OIL CROPS, AND SOIL ...1.0077
BEHAVIOR OF SPECIFIC HERBICIDES IN PLANTS AND SOILS
...1.0081
MODE OF ACTION, TOXICITY, AND FACTORS INFLUENC-
ING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF FUNGICIDES . .1.0082
BEHAVIOR OF CHEMICALS INTRODUCED INTO THE
FOREST ENVIRONMENT AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE
ECOSYSTEM ...1.0083
FATE AND PERSISTENCE OF PESTICIDES AND PHYSIOLOGI-
CALLY ACTIVE DEGRADATION PRODUCTS ...1.0089
PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF PERSISTENCE AND
MOVEMENT OF HERBICIDES IN SOIL ...1.0090
BEHAVIOR OF SPECIFIC HERBICIDES IN PLANTS AND SOILS
...1.0091
PERSISTENCE AND MODES OF HERBICIDE DISSIPATION
UNDER RANGELAND CONDITIONS ...1.0096
INACTIVATION AND LOSS OF PESTICIDES FROM SOIL
...1.0097
2-156
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SUBJECT INDEX
Soil Moisture
MOVEMENT OF INSECTICIDES IN SOIL AND WATER ...1.0098
MOVEMENT OF HERBICIDES IN SOIL, SURFACE WATER
AND UNDERGROUND WATER ...1.0099
ALTERING PERSISTENCE AND MOVEMENT OF HERBICIDES
IN SOIL, WATER, AND PLANTS ...1.0106
IDENTIFICATION AND DETERMINATION OF PESTICIDE
RESIDUES IN SOIL AND RUNOFF AND DRAINAGE
WATERS. ...1.0110
FATE OF INSECTICIDES IN SOIL AND THEIR MOVEMENT IN
WATER AND CROPS ...1.0111
UPTAKE AND RELEASE OF DALAPON IN EARTHEN PONDS
...1.0114
ATTENTION AND RUNOFF OF PESTICIDES FROM AGRICUL-
TURAL LANDS TO SURFACE WATERS ...1.0124
COOPERATIVE HERBICIDE MONITORING STUDY IN IRRIGA-
TION SYSTEMS ...1.0125
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN PESTICIDES AND GEORGIA
FARM POND ECOSYSTEMS ...1.0138
SOILS, PESTICIDES AND THE QUALITY OF WATER ...1.0141
PESTICIDE MONITORING PROGRAM LAKE MICHIGAN
...1.0143
SORPTION AND DESORPTION OF CHLORINATED
HYDROCARBON PESTICIDES IN AQUATIC SEDIMENT
MINERALS ...1.0181
CONTAMINATION OF SURFACE AND GROUND WATER
WITH INSECTICIDES AND HERBICIDES APPLIED TO CUL-
TIVATED CROPS ...1.0189
PESTICIDES MOVEMENT FROM CROPLAND INTO LAKE
ERIE ...1.0193
PESTICIDE CONTAMINATION OF ENVIRONMENT ...1.0250
PESTICIDES AND WILDLIFE ...1.0324
PESTICIDE MONITORING PROGRAM LAKE MICHIGAN AND
TRIBUTARIES IN ILLINOIS ...1.0328
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS OF PESTICIDE USAGE
...1.0334
IMPACT OF PESTICIDES UPON SEMI-WILD ECOSYSTEMS
...1.0335
EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON NON-TARGET ORGANISMS
...1.0341
TOXICOLOGY OF PESTICIDES IN THE ENVIRONMENT
...1.0360
THE EFFECT OF PESTICIDES ON AN ECOSYSTEM ...1.0365
WEED CONTROL IN RICE PRODUCTION ...2.0097
WEED CONTROL IN RICE PRODUCTION ...2.0098
AQUATIC PLANT CONTROL ...2.0128
WEED CONTROL IN IRRIGATED HORTICULTURAL CROPS
IN WASHINGTON ...2.0179
CONTROL OF AQUATIC AND NONCROPLAND WEEDS IN
WYOMING, COLORADO, AND NEBRASKA ...2.0187
Soil Degradation -other
PESTICIDE MOBILITY AND DEGRADATION IN SOIL-WATER
SYSTEMS ...1.0006
EFFICIENCY AND HAZARDS OF RESIDUAL HERBICIDES IN
SOILS UNDER IRRIGATION. ...1.0010
RESIDUES OF SELECTED PESTICIDES IN PLANTS, ANIMALS,
AND THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT ...1.0019
REACTIONS OF PESTICIDES WITH SOILS IN RELATION TO
SOIL PRODUCTIVITY IN THE SOUTHWEST ...1.0021
PESTICIDE MOBILITY AND DEGRADATION IN SOIL-WATER
SYSTEMS ...1.0023
PESTICIDES IN SOILS AND WATERS OF THE SOUTHERN
PIEDMONT ...1.0033
RELATIONSHIP OF PESTICIDES IN SOIL, WATER AND
PLANTS ...1.0057
SOILS, PESTICIDES AND THE QUALITY OF WATER ...1.0061
FATE AND PERSISTENCE OF PESTICIDES AND PHYSIOLOGI-
CALLY ACTIVE DEGRADATION PRODUCTS ...1.0089
INACTIVATION AND LOSS OF PESTICIDES FROM SOIL
...1.0097
ATTENTION AND RUNOFF OF PESTICIDES FROM AGRICUL-
TURAL LANDS TO SURFACE WATERS ...1.0124
DEVELOP EFFECTIVE TREATMENT METHODS FOR HARD
PESTIDICIDES ...1.0136
DEVELOP EFFECTIVE TREATMENT METHODS FOR HARD
PESTICIDES ...1.0197
EFFECT OF HERBICIDES ON AN AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT
1.0319
PHYSIOLOGY, BIOCHEMISTRY AND CONTROL OF AQUATIC
WEEDS, CHEMISTRY OF HERBICIDES ...2.0105
Soil Microbiology
RESIDUES OF SELECTED PESTICIDES IN PLANTS ANIMALS
AND THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT ...1.0019
PESTICIDE MOBILITY AND DEGRADATION IN SOIL-WATER
SYSTEMS ...1.0023
THE DISPOSITION OF PESTICIDES IN THE SOIL ...1.0030
RELATIONSHIP OF PESTICIDES IN SOIL, WATER AND
PLANTS ...1.0057
MULTI-DISCIPLINARY RESEARCH IN POLLUTION ...1.0070
MODE OF ACTION, TOXICITY, AND FACTORS INFLUENC-
ING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF FUNGICIDES ...1.0082
BEHAVIOR OF CHEMICALS INTRODUCED INTO THE
FOREST ENVIRONMENT AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE
ECOSYSTEM ...1.0083
PESTICIDE DETOXICATION MECHANISMS OF MICROOR-
GANISMS IN SOIL AND WATER ..1.0087
Soil Minerals -natural
NUTRIENT AND WATER INPUTS AND OUTGO FROM THE
ORGANIC AND MINERAL SOILS IN THE LAKE APOPKA
AREA ...1.0027
NUTRIENT & WATER INPUTS & OUTGO FROM THE OR-
GANIC & MINERAL SOILS IN THE LAKE APOPKA AREA
...1.0029
Soil Moisture
PESTICIDE MOBILITY AND DEGRADATION IN SOIL-WATER
SYSTEMS ...1.0006
INTERACTION OF FERTILIZERS WITH PESTICIDES AS RE-
LATED TO WATER QUALITY IN SOILS ...1.0008
INACTIVATION AND LOSS OF PESTICIDES FROM SOIL
...1.0009
MOVEMENT OF CHLORINATED HYDROCARBON INSECTI-
CIDES IN SOILS ...1.0011
RESIDUES OF SELECTED PESTICIDES IN PLANTS, ANIMALS,
AND THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT ...1.0019
REACTIONS OF PESTICIDES WITH SOILS ...1.0020
REACTIONS OF PESTICIDES WITH SOILS IN RELATION TO
SOIL PRODUCTIVITY IN THE SOUTHWEST ...1.0021
BEHAVIOR OF POLLUTANTS IN WATER ...1.0022
NUTRIENT AND WATER INPUTS AND OUTGO FROM THE
ORGANIC AND MINERAL SOILS IN THE LAKE APOPKA
AREA ...1.0027
MOVEMENT AND ADSORPTION OF PESTICIDES IN STERIL-
IZED SOIL COLUMNS ...1.0028
NUTRIENT & WATER INPUTS & OUTGO FROM THE OR-
GANIC & MINERAL SOILS IN THE LAKE APOPKA AREA
...1.0029
THE DISPOSITION OF PESTICIDES IN THE SOIL ...1.0030
PESTICIDES IN SOILS AND WATERS OF THE SOUTHERN
PIEDMONT ...1.0033
PESTICIDE MOBILITY AND DEGRADATION IN SOIL-WATER
SYSTEMS ...1.0034
HERBICIDE EQUILIBRIA OF LATOSOLIC SOIL ...1.0035
POLLUTION EFFECTS ON GROUND WATER RECHARGE IN
HAWAII ...1.0036
MOVEMENT OF HERBICIDES IN SOIL BY MASS FLOW
...1.0044
INACTIVATION AND LOSS PESTICIDES FROM SOIL ...1.0048
WATER AND SOIL POLLUTION BY FARM CHEMICALS IN
THE LOWER MISSISSIPPI DELTA ...1.0050
CONTROL OF PESTICIDES IN SOIL AND WATER ...1.0054
SOILS, PESTICIDES AND THE QUALITY OF WATER ...1.0065
SOIL AND WATER MANAGEMENT FOR SALINITY CONTROL
-PHASE II ...1.0066
SOIL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND SOIL WATER MOVE-
MENT ...1.0072
NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS, HERBICIDE MOVEMENT BY SOIL
WATER AND SOURCES OF CONTAMINATION ...1.0073
2-157
-------
Soil Moisture
SUBJECT INDEX
PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN PLANTS, ANIMALS, SOILS, AND
WATER ...1.0075
INACTIVATION AND LOSS OF PESTICIDES FROM SOIL
. .1.0076
BEHAVIOR OF SPECIFIC HERBICIDES IN PLANTS AND SOILS
.1.0081
BEHAVIOR OF CHEMICALS INTRODUCED INTO THE
FOREST ENVIRONMENT AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE
ECOSYSTEM ...1.0083
FATE OF HERBICIDES IN PLANTS AND SOILS ...1.0095
MOVEMENT OF HERBICIDES IN SOIL, SURFACE WATER
AND UNDERGROUND WATER ...1.0099
QUALITY OF IRRIGATION RETURN FLOW ...1.0102
IDENTIFICATION AND DETERMINATION OF PESTICIDE
RESIDUES IN SOIL AND RUNOFF AND DRAINAGE
WATERS. ...1.0110
FATE OF INSECTICIDES IN SOIL AND THEIR MOVEMENT IN
WATER AND CROPS ...1.0111
SOILS, PESTICIDES AND THE QUALITY OF WATER ...1.0141
CHEMICAL AND SEDIMENT MOVEMENT FROM AGRICUL-
TURAL LAND INTO LAKE ERIE ...1.0192
AN INVESTIGATION OF THE CAUSES, EFFECTS, AND CON-
TROL OF EUTROPHICATION IN MAINE LAKES ...4.0011
Excessive Moisture
OCCURRENCE AND BIONOMICS OF BLOODSUCKING
MIDGES (DIPTERA: CERATOPOGONIDAE) IN IOWA
...4.0056
Infiltration
PESTICIDE MOBILITY AND DEGRADATION IN SOIL-WATER
SYSTEMS ...1.0013
SOILS, PESTICIDES AND THE QUALITY OF WATER ...1.0065
SOILS, PESTICIDES AND THE QUALITY OF WATER ...1.0105
Moisture Deficiency
THE DISPOSITION OF PESTICIDES IN THE SOIL ...1.0030
EFFECT OF CONTROLLING SALT-MARSH MOSQUITOES
...2.0082
Soil Moisture -general
FOREST AND FARM GAME HABITAT; FISH POND ...2.0143
THE CONTROL OF SLUGS ...2.0294
Tension and Measurement
BEHAVIOR OF POLLUTANTS IN WATER ...1.0022
EFFECT OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES AND OTHER ORGANO-
TOXICANTS ON THE QUALITY OF SURFACE AND
GROUNDWATER RESOURCES ...1.0041
MOVEMENT OF HERBICIDES IN SOIL BY MASS FLOW
...1.0044
MOVEMENT OF HERBICIDES OFF, INTO AND THROUGH
SOILS ...1.0071
SOIL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND SOIL WATER MOVE-
MENT ...1.0072
Water Table - Depth of
SOIL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND SOIL WATER MOVE-
MENT ...1.0072
Soil Morphology, Profiles
EFFECT OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES AND OTHER ORGANO-
TOXICANTS ON THE QUALITY OF SURFACE AND
GROUNDWATER RESOURCES ...1.0041
EFFECT OF AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS ON THE QUALITY
OF GROUND AND SURFACE WATERS ...1.0080
Soil Nutrients
NUTRIENT & WATER INPUTS & OUTGO FROM THE OR-
GANIC & MINERAL SOILS IN THE LAKE APOPKA AREA
...1.0029
EFFECT OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES AND OTHER ORGANO-
TOXICANTS ON THE QUALITY OF SURFACE AND
GROUNDWATER RESOURCES ...1.0041
PROVIDE A CONTINUOUS SURVEY OF THE LITERATURE
ON STORM AND COMBINED SEWERS ...1.0199
WATERLEVEL MANAGEMENT ON IMPOUNDMENTS OF
LOW QUALITY SOILS ...2.0163
Aluminum
INACTIVATION AND LOSS OF PESTICIDES FROM SOIL
...1.0076
PESTICIDE MOBILITY AND DEGRADATION IN SOIL-WATER
SYSTEMS ...1.0084
Barium
INACTIVATION AND LOSS OF PESTICIDES FROM SOIL
..1.0076
Calcium - Other Than Lime
INACTIVATION AND LOSS OF PESTICIDES FROM SOIL
...1.0076
STUDIES IN SOILS, CROPS, WATER MANAGEMENT AND
WEED CONTROL UNDER IRRIGATED CONDITIONS
...2.0159
Cesium
INACTIVATION AND LOSS OF PESTICIDES FROM SOIL
...1.0076
Chlorine
INTERACTION OF FERTILIZERS WITH PESTICIDES AS RE-
LATED TO WATER QUALITY IN SOILS ...1.0008
Copper
PESTICIDE MOBILITY AND DEGRADATION IN SOIL-WATER
SYSTEMS ...1.0084
Iron
PESTICIDE MOBILITY AND DEGRADATION IN SOIL-WATER
SYSTEMS ...1.0084
Lime
INTERACTION OF FERTILIZERS WITH PESTICIDES AS RE-
LATED TO WATER QUALITY IN SOILS ...1.0008
Magnesium
INACTIVATION AND LOSS OF PESTICIDES FROM SOIL
...1.0076
Nitrogen
INTERACTION OF FERTILIZERS WITH PESTICIDES AS RE-
LATED TO WATER QUALITY IN SOILS ...1.0008
ROW LENGTH, GRADE AND DRAINAGE REQUIREMENTS OF
CROPS ...1.0049
NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS, HERBICIDE MOVEMENT BY SOIL
WATER AND SOURCES OF CONTAMINATION ...1.0073
BEHAVIOR OF CHEMICALS INTRODUCED INTO THE
FOREST ENVIRONMENT AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE
ECOSYSTEM ...1.0083
EVALUATION AND DEMONSTRATION OF IRRIGATION
METHODS AND PRACTICES TO REDUCE CONTAMINA-
TION IN IRRIGATION WASTE WATER ...1.0104
LOSSES OF FERTILIZERS AND PESTICIDES IN RUNOFF ERO-
SION ...1.0178
FERTILIZERS AND SEDIMENTS AS WATER POLLUTANTS
...1.0179
AGRICULTURAL CONTRIBUTIONS TO NUTRIENTS IN
WATER ...1.0186
RELATIVE LEACHING RATES OF COMMON NITROGEN CAR-
RIERS FROM SANDY SOILS IN RELATION TO LAKE
EUTROPHICATION ...4.0006
Oxygen
CHLORINATED PESTICIDES IN THE SOIL-WATER-PLANT
SYSTEM AND THEIR MANAGEMENT TO AVOID POLLU-
TION ...1.0024
Phosphorus
INACTIVATION AND LOSS OF PESTICIDES FROM SOIL
...1.0002
2-158
-------
SUBJECT INDEX
Soil Types
INTERACTION OF FERTILIZERS WITH PESTICIDES AS RE-
LATED TO WATER QUALITY IN SOILS ...1.0008
NUTRIENT AND WATER INPUTS AND OUTGO FROM THE
ORGANIC AND MINERAL SOILS IN THE LAKE APOPKA
AREA ...1.0027
SOIL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND SOIL WATER MOVE-
MENT ...1.0072
NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS, HERBICIDE MOVEMENT BY SOIL
WATER AND SOURCES OF CONTAMINATION ...1.0073
LOSSES OF FERTILIZERS AND PESTICIDES IN RUNOFF ERO-
SION ...1.0178
FERTILIZERS AND SEDIMENTS AS WATER POLLUTANTS
...1.0179
AGRICULTURAL CONTRIBUTIONS TO NUTRIENTS IN
WATER ...1.0186
CHEMICAL AND SEDIMENT MOVEMENT FROM AGRICUL-
TURAL LAND INTO LAKE ERIE ...1.0192
Potassium
INACTIVATION AND LOSS OF PESTICIDES FROM SOIL
..1.0076
Sodium
INACTIVATION AND LOSS OF PESTICIDES FROM SOIL
...1.0076
Sulfur
INTERACTION OF FERTILIZERS WITH PESTICIDES AS RE-
LATEO TO WATER QUALITY IN SOILS ...1.0008
ROW LENGTH, GRADE AND DRAINAGE REQUIREMENTS OF
CROPS . 1.0049
Soil pH
EFFICIENCY AND HAZARDS OF RESIDUAL HERBICIDES IN
SOILS UNDER IRRIGATION. ...1.0010
CHARACTERIZATION OF SURFACES OF CRYSTALLINE AND
AMORPHOUS SOIL COLLOIDS ...1.0042
INACTIVATiON AND LOSS PESTICIDES FROM SOIL ...1.0048
BEHAVIOR OF PESTICIDES AND POLLUTANTS IN SOIL,
WATER, AND PLANTS ...1.0053
SOILS, PESTICIDES AND THE QUALITY OF WATER ...1.0061
INTERACTION OF HERBICIDES AND SOIL MICROORGAN-
ISMS ...1.0069
INACTIVATION AND LOSS OF PESTICIDES FROM SOIL
...1.0076
BEHAVIOR OF SPECIFIC HERBICIDES IN PLANTS AND SOILS
...1.0081
PESTICIDE MOBILITY AND DEGRADATION IN SOIL-WATER
SYSTEMS .1.0084
FATE OF HERBICIDES IN PLANTS AND SOILS ...1.0095
SOILS, PESTICIDES AND THE QUALITY OF WATER ...1.0105
SORPTION AND DESORPTION OF CHLORINATED
HYDROCARBON PESTICIDES IN AQUATIC SEDIMENT
MINERALS ...1.0181
CHEMICAL AND SEDIMENT MOVEMENT FROM AGRICUL-
TURAL LAND INTO LAKE ERIE ...1.0191
Soil Physical Properties
PESTICIDE MOBILITY AND DEGRADATION IN SOIL-WATER
SYSTEMS ...1.0023
CHARACTERIZATION OF SURFACES OF CRYSTALLINE AND
AMORPHOUS SOIL COLLOIDS ...1.0042
SOILS, PESTICIDES AND THE QUALITY OF WATER ..1.0061
SOIL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND SOIL WATER MOVE-
MENT ...1.0072
NITROGEN PHOSPHORUS, HERBICIDE MOVEMENT BY SOIL
WATER AND SOURCES OF CONTAMINATION .1.0073
MOVEMENT OF HERBICIDES IN SOIL BY MASS FLOW
...1.0044
EFFECTS OF VEGETATIVE COVERS UPON RUNOFF FROM
PRINCIPAL SOILS OF WESTERN NORTH CAROLINA
SOILS, PESTICIDES AND THE QUALITY OF WATER ...1.0105
Air - Water - Plant Relations
VOLATILIZATION LOSSES OF PESTICIDES FROM SOILS
...1.0016
Management Effects
PESTICIDES IN SOILS AND WATERS OF THE SOUTHERN
PIEDMONT ...1.0033
SOIL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND SOIL WATER MOVE-
MENT ...1.0072
Soil Texture
BEHAVIOR OF SPECIFIC HERBICIDES IN PLANTS AND SOILS
...1.0081
PESTICIDE MOBILITY AND DEGRADATION IN SOIL-WATER
SYSTEMS ...1.0084
CHEMICAL AND SEDIMENT MOVEMENT FROM AGRICUL-
TURAL LAND INTO LAKE ERIE ...1.0191
Soil Tillage
NUTRIENT AND WATER INPUTS AND OUTGO FROM THE
ORGANIC AND MINERAL SOILS IN THE LAKE APOPKA
AREA ...1.0027
NUTRIENT & WATER INPUTS & OUTGO FROM THE OR-
GANIC & MINERAL SOILS IN THE LAKE APOPKA AREA
...1.0029
SOIL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND SOIL WATER MOVE-
MENT ...1.0072
LOSSES OF FERTILIZERS AND PESTICIDES IN RUNOFF ERO-
SION ...1.0178
FERTILIZERS AND SEDIMENTS AS WATER POLLUTANTS
...1.0179
CHEMICAL AND SEDIMENT MOVEMENT FROM AGRICUL-
TURAL LAND INTO LAKE ERIE ...1.0192
PESTICIDES MOVEMENT FROM CROPLAND INTO LAKE
ERIE ...1.0193
QUANTIFICATION OF POLLUTANTS IN AGRICULTURAL RU-
NOFF ...1.0204
Chemical Tillage or Nontillage
COMPARATIVE EFFECTS OF WEED COMPETITION, HERBI-
CIDES AND OTHER WEED CONTROL PRACTICES ON
PLANT RESPONSE ...1.0145
DEVELOPMENT OF TILLAGE-REPLACING HERBICIDE
SYSTEMS ...1.0196
Cultivating
COMPARATIVE EFFECTS OF WEED COMPETITION, HERBI-
CIDES AND OTHER WEED CONTROL PRACTICES ON
PLANT RESPONSE ...1.0145
Minimum Tillage
COMPARATIVE EFFECTS OF WEED COMPETITION, HERBI-
CIDES AND OTHER WEED CONTROL PRACTICES ON
PLANT RESPONSE ...1.0145
CHEMICAL AND SEDIMENT MOVEMENT FROM AGRICUL-
TURAL LAND INTO LAKE ERIE ...1.0192
Soil Tillage Methods -other
CHEMICAL AND SEDIMENT MOVEMENT FROM AGRICUL-
TURAL LAND INTO LAKE ERIE ...1.0191
Soil Structure
Soil Types
RESIDUES OF SELECTED PESTICIDES IN PLANTS, ANIMALS,
AND THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT ...1.0019
REACTIONS OF PESTICIDES WITH SOILS ...1.0020
HERBICIDE EQUILIBRIA OF LATOSOLIC SOIL ...1.0035
LEACHING OF SELECTED HERBICIDES IN ALABAMA SOILS
...1.0001
SORPTION AND MOVEMENT OF POLLUTED WATER IN SOIL
...1.0012
2-159
-------
Soil Types
SUBJECT INDEX
PESTICIDE MOBILITY AND DEGRADATION IN SOIL-WATER
SYSTEMS ...1.0013
RESIDUES OF SELECTED PESTICIDES IN PLANTS, ANIMALS,
AND THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT ...1.0019
HERBICIDE EQUILIBRIA OF LATOSOLIC SOIL ...1.0035
MOVEMENT OF HERBICIDES IN SOIL BY MASS FLOW
.1.0044
INACTIVATION AND LOSS PESTICIDES FROM SOIL ...1.0048
SOILS, PESTICIDES AND THE QUALITY OF WATER ...1.0061
AN EVALUATION OF THE INSECTICIDE 'SEVIN' AS A
WATERSHED POLLUTANT ...1.0067
BEHAVIOR OF SPECIFIC HERBICIDES IN PLANTS AND SOILS
...1.0081
FATE OF HERBICIDES IN PLANTS AND SOILS ...1.0095
MOVEMENT OF HERBICIDES IN SOIL, SURFACE WATER
AND UNDERGROUND WATER ...1.0099
INTERFERING SOIL CONSTITUENTS IN DETERMINATION OF
PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN SOIL AND WATER ...1.0109
LOSSES OF FERTILIZERS AND PESTICIDES IN RUNOFF ERO-
SION ...1.0178
EFFECT OF ENDRIN ON FISH AND THEIR ENVIRONMENT
UNDER CONTROLLED CONDITIONS . .1.0230
Clay
CONTROL METHODS FOR JUNIPERS, SHRUB LIVE OAK,
AND ASSOCIATED WEEDS ...1.0004
EFFICIENCY AND HAZARDS OF RESIDUAL HERBICIDES IN
SOILS UNDER IRRIGATION. . .1.0010
HERBICIDE EQUILIBRIA OF LATOSOLIC SOIL ...1.0035
CHARACTERIZATION OF SURFACES OF CRYSTALLINE AND
AMORPHOUS SOIL COLLOIDS ...1.0042
INACTIVATION AND LOSS PESTICIDES FROM SOIL ...1.0048
WATER AND SOIL POLLUTION BY FARM CHEMICALS IN
THE LOWER MISSISSIPPI DELTA 1.0050
CHEMICAL CONTAMINANTS IN SOIL AND WATER RUNOFF
IN NEW ENGLAND ...1.0051
BEHAVIOR OF PESTICIDES AND POLLUTANTS IN SOIL,
WATER, AND PLANTS ...1.0053
SOILS, PESTICIDES AND THE QUALITY OF WATER ...1.0061
SOILS, PESTICIDES AND THE QUALITY OF WATER ...1.0065
INTERACTION OF HERBICIDES AND SOIL MICROORGAN-
ISMS ...1.0069
SOIL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND SOIL WATER MOVE-
MENT ...1.0072
INACTIVATION AND LOSS OF PESTICIDES FROM SOIL
...1.0076
PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF PERSISTENCE AND
MOVEMENT OF HERBICIDES IN SOIL ...1.0090
MOVEMENT OF INSECTICIDES IN SOIL AND WATER ...1.0098
SOILS, PESTICIDES, AND THE QUALITY OF WATER ...1.0103
ALTERING PERSISTENCE AND MOVEMENT OF HERBICIDES
IN SOIL, WATER, AND PLANTS ...1.0106
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN PESTICIDES AND GEORGIA
FARM POND ECOSYSTEMS ...1.0138
SORPT1ON AND DESORPTION OF CHLORINATED
HYDROCARBON PESTICIDES IN AQUATIC SEDIMENT
MINERALS ...1.0181
High Organic Soils
NUTRIENT AND WATER INPUTS AND OUTGO FROM THE
ORGANIC AND MINERAL SOILS IN THE LAKE APOPKA
AREA ...1.0027
NUTRIENT & WATER INPUTS & OUTGO FROM THE OR-
GANIC & MINERAL SOILS IN THE LAKE APOPKA AREA
. .1.0029
TRANSLOCATION OF PESTICIDES FROM CRANBERRY BOGS
TO THEIR SURROUNDINGS ...1.0056
Loam
INACTIVATION AND LOSS OF PESTICIDES FROM SOIL
...1.0009
REACTIONS OF PESTICIDES WITH SOILS 1.0020
CHEMICAL CONTAMINANTS IN SOIL AND WATER RUNOFF
IN NEW ENGLAND ...1.0051
FATE AND PERSISTENCE OF PESTICIDES AND PHYSIOLOGI-
CALLY ACTIVE DEGRADATION PRODUCTS ...1.0089
RELATION OF AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES TO WATER
QUALITY IN NORTH APPALACHIAN REGION ...1.0194
Organic Soils -nonspecific
INACTIVATION AND LOSS OF PESTICIDES FROM SOIL
...1.0009
PESTICIDES IN SOILS AND WATERS OF THE SOUTHERN
PIEDMONT ...1.0033
SOILS, PESTICIDES AND THE QUALITY OF WATER ...1.0065
BEHAVIOR OF SPECIFIC HERBICIDES IN PLANTS AND SOILS
...1.0081
Sand
NUTRIENT & WATER INPUTS & OUTGO FROM THE OR-
GANIC & MINERAL SOILS IN THE LAKE APOPKA AREA
...1.0029
CHEMICAL CONTAMINANTS IN SOIL AND WATER RUNOFF
IN NEW ENGLAND ...1.0051
MOVEMENT OF HERBICIDES IN SOIL, SURFACE WATER
AND UNDERGROUND WATER ...1.0099
SOILS, PESTICIDES, AND THE QUALITY OF WATER ...1.0103
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN PESTICIDES AND GEORGIA
FARM POND ECOSYSTEMS ...1.0138
RELATIVE LEACHING RATES OF COMMON NITROGEN CAR-
RIERS FROM SANDY SOILS IN RELATION TO LAKE
EUTROPHICATION ...4.0006
Saturated - Unsaturated Soils
MOVEMENT OF HERBICIDES IN SOIL BY MASS FLOW
...1.0044
SOIL AND WATER MANAGEMENT FOR SALINITY CONTROL
PHASE II ...1.0066
Silt
REACTIONS OF PESTICIDES WITH SOILS ...1.0020
CHEMICAL CONTAMINANTS IN SOIL AND WATER RUNOFF
IN NEW ENGLAND ...1.0051
FATE AND PERSISTENCE OF PESTICIDES AND PHYSIOLOGI-
CALLY ACTIVE DEGRADATION PRODUCTS ...1.0089
RELATION OF AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES TO WATER
QUALITY IN NORTH APPALACHIAN REGION ...1.0194
Soil-water-plant Relationships
SORPTION AND MOVEMENT OF POLLUTED WATER IN SOIL
...1.0012
Solid Waste
CONTROL OF HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL SPILLS BY PHYSI-
CAL BARRIERS ...1.0086
South America
FACTORS CONTROLLING THE GROWTH OF THE AQUATIC
WEED SALVINIA ...2.0166
METHODS FOR CONTROLLING ALLIGATORWEED AND
OTHER WEEDS IN CANALS, WATERWAYS, AND AD-
JACENT WATERS IN THE SOUTHEASTERN U. S. ...2.0186
South Dakota
EFFECTS OF A SNAPPING TURTLE POPULATION ON THE
WATERFOWL PRODUCTIVITY OF A MARSH ...2.0292
Southeast Asia
LABORATORY ANALYSIS OF INSECTICIDE EFFECTIVENESS
AGAINST MEDICALLY IMPORTANT INSECTS ...4.0068
Space Requirements
THE INFLUENCES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS ON
THE TOXICITY OF PESTICIDES ...1.0278
2-160
-------
SUBJECT INDEX
Streams
FACTORS AFFECTING THE ROLE OF MICROORGANISMS IN
THE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF INSECT PESTS ...2.0053
MASS REARING OF MARISA CORNUARIETIS FOR BIOLOGI-
CAL CONTROL OF AQUATIC WEEDS IN EMPERATE
WATERS ...2.0124
Space, Extraterrestrial
ATMOSPHERIC CONSTITUENTS OF THE TERRESTRIAL-TYPE
PLANETS ...4.0007
Spectral Techniques
EFFECT OF HERBICIDES ON AN AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT
...1.0319
Atomic Absorption
ATOMIC ABSORPTION ANALYSIS OF PHOSPHATES IN
WATER ...1.0227
Infra Red
CHARACTERIZATION OF SURFACES OF CRYSTALLINE AND
AMORPHOUS SOIL COLLOIDS ...1.0042
Mass Spectroscopy
DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNIQUES FOR IDENTIFICATION OF
PESTICIDES AND THEIR METABOLITES BY MASS SPEC-
TROMETRY ...1.0295
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
ATOMIC ABSORPTION ANALYSIS OF PHOSPHATES IN
WATER ...1.0227
Spirochetes
Leptospira
EPIZOOTIOLOGY OF LEPTOSPIRES FISH SUSCEPTIBILITY
TO L. ICTEROHAEMORRHIGICA (ABBREV) ...3.0023
Standards
TRACE LEVELS OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN AGRICUL-
TURAL COMMODITIES IN MARKETING CHANNELS
...1.0344
Sterigmatocystin
MYCOTOXIN TOXICITY AND CARCINOGENESIS IN TROUT
.3.0056
Sterilization -chemical
Disinfectants
EFFECTS OF CHEMICAL IMPURITIES IN WATER DISINFEC-
TION BY HALOGENS ...1.0155
Fish Sterilants
STATIC BIOASSAY OF REPRODUCTIVE CONTROLS AGAINST
FISH AND INVERTEBRATES ...2.0256
Invertebrate Sterilants
CONTROL OF CULEX NIGRIPALPUS BY STERILITY
METHODS ...2.0032
MOSQUITO AND HOUSEFLY CONTROL WITH CHEMOSTERI-
LANTS IN EGYPT ...2.0085
Soil Sterilants
CHEMICAL CONTROL OF DITCHBANK WEEDS IN PEAT AND
SANDY SOIL AREAS OF SOUTH FLORIDA . .2.0114
Sterilants
INSECT CHEMOSTERILANTS ...2.0049
Storage of Chemicals
LIVESTOCK DETOXICATING MECHANISMS OF PESTICIDES
PHYSIOLOGY, BIOCHEMISTRY AND CONTROL OF AQUATIC
WEEDS, CHEMISTRY OF HERBICIDES ...2.0105
Storm Water
STUDY OF METHODS FOR REDUCING WATER POLLUTION
FROM STORM SEWER AND COMBINATION DISCHARGES
THROUGH DEFINED PUBLIC WORKS PRACTICES ...1.0142
QUALITY OF STORM WATER DRAINAGE FROM URBAN
LAND AREAS IN NORTH CAROLINA ...1.0187
PROVIDE A CONTINUOUS SURVEY OF THE LITERATURE
ON STORM AND COMBINED SEWERS ...1.0199
RELATIVE LEACHING RATES OF COMMON NITROGEN CAR-
RIERS FROM SANDY SOILS IN RELATION TO LAKE
EUTROPHICATION ...4.0006
Stratification -water
EUTROPHICATION EFFECT OF FLOW AUGMENTATION
...2.0168
EUTROPHICATION - PHYSICAL ECOLOGICAL CONTROL
...2.0171
NUISANCE ALGAL GROWTH RELATED TO ENVIRONMEN-
TAL FACTORS ...2.0180
Stratigraphy
PRINCIPLES, FACILITIES AND SYSTEMS FOR GROUND
WATER RECHARGE-SOUTHERN PLAINS ...1.0094
Streams
PATTERNS OF PESTICIDE CONTAMINATION OF WATER
1.0039
BEHAVIOR OF PESTICIDES AND POLLUTANTS IN SOIL,
WATER, AND PLANTS ...1.0053
GREEN BAY RESEARCH PROGRAM ...1.0112
EFFLUENT INFLUENCES OF THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER ON THE
CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY OF ADJACENT OCEAN
SYSTEMS ...1.0130
EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON ESTUARINE PRODUCTIVITY
...1.0133
UPPER ST. JOHNS RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY, FLORIDA
...1.0134
PESTICIDE MONITORING PROGRAM LAKE MICHIGAN
..1.0143
RESEARCH INITIATION FATE OF SELECTED OR-
GANOPHOSPHATE AND CARBAMATE INSECTICIDES IN
SURFACE WATERS ...1.0146
LIMNOLOGICAL FACTORS AFFECTING PESTICIDE
RESIDUES IN SURFACE WATERS ...1.0149
PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN KANSAS STREAMS ...1.0150
AN ECOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF STREAM EUTROPHICA-
TION ...1.0161
PESTICIDE MONITORING OF AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT,
MICHIGAN PORTION OF THE GREAT LAKES BASIN
...1.0164
PESTICIDES INPUTS AND LEVELS IN MINNESOTA WATERS
OF LAKE SUPERIOR BASIN ...1.0166
PRESTICIDE INPUTS AND LEVELS IN MINNESOTA WATERS
OF THE LAKE SUPERIOR BASIN ...1.0167
LOSSES OF FERTILIZERS AND PESTICIDES IN RUNOFF ERO-
SION ...1.0178
GROUND AND SURFACE WATERS - POLLUTION .1.0182
PESTICIDES MOVEMENT FROM CROPLAND INTO LAKE
ERIE ...1.0193
TRANSFER OF PESTICIDES THROUGH WATER, SEDIMENTS,
AND AQUATIC LIFE 1.0201
SOURCES OF QUALITY IMPAIRMENT OF SURFACE WATERS
...1.0218
MICROBIOLOGY OF FARM PONDS ...1.0220
2-161
-------
Streams
SUBJECT INDEX
TERMINAL RESIDUES OF CHLORINATED HYDROCARBON
PESTICIDES IN LAKE MICHIGAN AND ASSOCIATED
TRIBUTARIES ...1.0222
ARTIFICIAL SUBSTRATE SAMPLERS AS INDICATORS OF
WATER QUALITY ...1.0225
CHLORINATED ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS IN THE MIL-
WAUKEE RIVER ...1.0226
THE OCCURRENCE OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN THE LOWER
BRISBANE RIVER AND IN THE TISSUES OF ESTUARINE
ANIMALS ...1.0233
CONTAMINATION OF CHANNEL CATFISH WITH DIELDRIN
FROM AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF ...1.0247
ENZYME AND TISSUE ALTERATIONS IN FISH - A MEASURE
OF WATER QUALITY ...1.0248
THE EFFECTS OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES ON LARVAL AND
JUVENILE WINTER FLOUNDER IN THE WEWEANTIC
RIVER ESTUARY, MASSACHUSETTS ...1.0253
PESTICIDE RESIDUE EFFECTS ON LARVAL MARINE FISHES
..1.0254
FIELD STUDIES OF PESTICIDE EFFECTS ON FISHES ...1.0257
THE EFFECT OF DIELDRIN ON SURVIVAL AND DEVELOP-
MENT OF FISH EGGS ...1.0300
EFFECTS OF TOXICANTS UPON FISH MOVEMENT PAT-
TERNS ...1.0308
PESTICIDE MONITORING PROGRAM LAKE MICHIGAN AND
TRIBUTARIES IN ILLINOIS ...1.0328
BIOCHEMICAL ECOLOGICAL RELATIONSHIPS OF PESTI-
CIDES AND THE BIO-CONSTITUENTS OF AQUATIC COM-
MUNITIES ...1.0342
SELECTED PESTICIDES IN AQUATIC FUNGI IN THE THREE
RIVERS AREA ...1.0345
PREVENTION OF PESTICIDE POLLUTION FROM COASTAL
INSECT CONTROL PROGRAMS ...1.0358
BIOLOGICAL AND SYSTEMATIC STUDIES ON AQUATIC
ARTHROPODS ...2.0054
SURVEY OF INSECT PROBLEMS IN MONTANA ...2.0059
DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY OF PENNSYLVANIA SALA-
MANDERS ...2.0080
INSECTS ON FOREIGN AQUATIC WEEDS IN LOUISIANA
...2.0144
THE INFLUENCE OF HERBICIDES USED ON HORTICUL-
TURAL CROPS ON STREAM ECOLOGY ...2.0150
SOUAWFISH STUDIES-ST JOE RIVER, IDAHO ...2.0196
SEA LAMPREY CONTROL LAKE MICHIGAN CHEMICAL
CONTROL ...2.0203
SEA LAMPREY CONTROL LAKE HURON CHEMICAL CON-
TROL ...2.0204
LAKE SUPERIOR CHEMICAL CONTROL OF SEA LAMPREY
...2.0205
SEA LAMPREY CONTROL AGE AND GROWTH STUDIES
...2.0206
SEA LAMPREY CONTROL - ASSESSMENT METHODS ...2.0208
LAKE HURON CHEMICAL CONTROL ...2.0209
BIOASSAY ...2.0211
EXPERIMENTAL RESTORATION OF THE GILA TROUT
...2.0218
TRIBUTARY SURVEY OF LAKES ONTARIO AND ERIE
...2.0220
PLANNING FOR CREATION OF SALMONID FISHERIES IN
LAKE ONTARIO ...2.0221
PRE-LAMPREY CONTROL INVENTORY OF FISH STOCKS
...2.0222
DEVELOPMENT OF ACCURATE CHEMICAL INTRODUCTION
TECHNIQUES ...2.0223
TIME-CONCENTRATION TESTS INVOLVING NEUTRALIZA-
TION OF ROTENONE WITH POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE
...2.0224
NEUTRALIZATION OF ROTENONE WITH ACTIVATED CHAR-
COAL ...2.0225
DEVELOPMENT OF RHODAMINE-B DYE TO TRACE FLOW
AND DISPERSION PATTERNS IN STREAMS AS AN AD-
JUNCT TO TREATING STREAMS WITH FISH-CONTROL
CHEMICALS ...2.0245
THE EFFICACY OF NEW FORMULATIONS OF ANTIMYCIN IN
NATURAL LAKES AND STREAMS ...2.0246
EXPERIMENTAL RECLAMATION OF TROUT STREAMS
THROUGH CHEMICAL TREATMENT ...2.0263
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF SNAILS AND SLUGS ...2.0269
SWIMMER'S ITCH INTERMEDIATE HOSTS, DISTRIBUTION
AND ECOLOGY ...2.0278
DISEASES OF FISH ...3.0025
INVENTORY OF WATERS OF THE PROJECT AREA ...3.0039
PARASITES OF FRESH-WATER FISHES IN NORTH CAROLINA
...3.0047
INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF SALMONID FISHES ...3.0049
BIOLOGY OF THE PROTOZOAN PARASITE CERATOMYXA
SHASTA ...3.0050
THE RELATIONSHIP OF TEMPERATURE TO DISEASE OF
SALMONID FISHES ...3.0051
IMPACT OF CERATOMYXA IN CENTRAL OREGON SAL-
MONID POPULATIONS ...3.0057
EFFECT OF SUPERSATURAT1ON OF DISSOLVED NITROGEN
ON MIGRATING SALMONIDS ...3.0083"
RESEARCH IN LIMNOLOGY INTERRELATIONS OF
HYDROLOGY AND AQUATIC ECOLOGY ...4.0002
THE EFFECT OF POLLUTION ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF LPP
PHYCO-VIRUSES IN RELATION TO POLLUTION OF THE
CHRISTINA RIVER ...4.0004
TOXIC SUBSTANCES AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF
HYACINTHS AND OTHER WATER PLANTS ...4.0005
EUTROPHICATION OF IOWA LAKES AND STREAMS ...4.0008
OCCURRENCE OF FILAMENTOUS SLIMES ORGANISMS
BELOW OUTFALLS ...4.0009
BIOLOGIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL OF EURASIAN
MILFOIL (MYRIOPHYLLUM SPICATUM L.) IN CHES-
APEAKE BAY ...4.0012
NUTRIENT CONTROL PROJECT DETROIT LAKES, MIN-
NESOTA ...4.0015
TISSUE ANALYSIS FOR NUTRIENT ASSAY OF NATURAL
WATERS ...4.0030
INTER-DISCIPLINARY RESEARCH IN THE AREA OF THE
KANO PLAINS, WESTERN KENYA ...4.0059
ECOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF THE DEVELOPMENT AND
FEEDING HABITS OF SIMULIUM SPP. (BLACK FLIES)
...4.0069
RENOVATION OF TROUT STREAMS ...4.0076
LIFE HISTORY OF ST. JOE RIVER CUTTHROAT TROUT
...4.0077
Sub-surface Drainage
PROPERTIES OF TILE DRAINAGE WATER ...1.0045
Sulfadimethoxine
CHEMOTHERAPY OF FISH DISEASES ...3.0127
Sulfonamides
EFFICACY OF A POTENTIATED SULFONAMIDE AGAINST
FURUNCULOSIS INFECTIONS IN JUVENILE RAINBOW
TROUT AND COHO SALMON ...3.0125
Sulfur
MODE OF ACTION, TOXICITY, AND FACTORS INFLUENC-
ING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF FUNGICIDES ...1.0082
Sulfates
PROPERTIES OF TILE DRAINAGE WATER ...1.0045
ATOMIC ABSORPTION ANALYSIS OF PHOSPHATES IN
WATER ...1.0227
Sulfides
INSECT CHEMOSTERILANTS ...2.0049
Sulfonates
INSECT CHEMOSTERILANTS ...2.0049
Sulfones
CORRELATION OF STRUCTURE VS. ACTIVITY OF POLLU-
TANTS OF FRESH WATER ...2.0290
2-162
-------
SUBJECT INDEX
Surface Active Compounds
Synthesis
PESTICIDE MOBILITY AND DEGRADATION IN SOIL-WATER
SYSTEMS ...1.0085
DETECTION AND IDENTIFICATION OF MOLECULAR WATER
POLLUTANTS BY LASER RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY ...1.0151
THE BIOASSAY OF WATER POLLUTANTS WITH CULTURED
MAMMALIAN CELLS ...1.0200
BIOCHEMICAL ECOLOGICAL RELATIONSHIPS OF PESTI-
CIDES AND THE BIO-CONSTITUENTS OF AQUATIC COM-
MUNITIES ...1.0342
Detergent
MOVEMENT AND ADSORPTION OF PESTICIDES IN STERIL-
IZED SOIL COLUMNS ...1.0028
DETECTION AND IDENTIFICATION OF MOLECULAR WATER
POLLUTANTS BY LASER RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY ...1.0151
THE BIOASSAY OF WATER POLLUTANTS WITH CULTURED
MAMMALIAN CELLS ...1.0200
PHYSIOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR OF LARVAE (PHYSIOECOLO-
GY OF SHELLFISH PROGRAM) ...1.0236
ALGAL FOODS OF SHELLFISH (MICROORGANISMS AFFECT-
ING SHELLFISH PROGRAM) ...1.0326
DISTRIBUTION AND METABOLIC FATE OF INDUSTRIAL
POLLUTANTS AND PESTICIDES IN A MODEL AQUATIC
ECOSYSTEM ...1.0333
Surface Water
BEHAVIOR OF POLLUTANTS IN WATER ...1.0022
NUTRIENT & WATER INPUTS & OUTGO FROM THE OR-
GANIC & MINERAL SOILS IN THE LAKE APOPKA AREA
...1.0029
EFFECT OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES AND OTHER ORGANO-
TOXICANTS ON THE QUALITY OF SURFACE AND
GROUNDWATER RESOURCES ...1.0041
WATER AND SOIL POLLUTION BY FARM CHEMICALS IN
THE LOWER MISSISSIPPI DELTA ...1.0050
SOILS, PESTICIDES AND THE QUALITY OF WATER ...1.0065
MOVEMENT OF HERBICIDES OFF, INTO AND THROUGH
SOILS ...1.0071
EFFECT OF AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS ON THE QUALITY
OF GROUND AND SURFACE WATERS ...1.0080
SOILS, PESTICIDES AND THE QUALITY OF WATER ...1.0105
ATTENTION AND RUNOFF OF PESTICIDES FROM AGRICUL-
TURAL LANDS TO SURFACE WATERS ...1.0124
LIMNOLOGICAL FACTORS AFFECTING PESTICIDE
RESIDUES IN SURFACE WATERS ...1.0149
WATERSHED ANALYSIS RELATING TO EUTROPHICATION
OF LAKE MICHIGAN ...1.0162
CONTAMINATION OF SURFACE AND GROUND WATER
WITH INSECTICIDES AND HERBICIDES APPLIED TO CUL-
TIVATED CROPS ...1.0189
INVESTIGATION OF RICE IRRIGATION RETURN FLOWS
TEXAS COASTAL PRAIRIE REGION ...1.0209
IMPROVING SURFACE WATER CONDITIONS THROUGH
CONTROL AND DISPOSAL OF AQUATIC VEGETATION,
PHASE II ...2.0181
Swamps - Marshes
TRANSLOCATION OF PESTICIDES FROM CRANBERRY BOGS
TO THEIR SURROUNDINGS ...1.0056
ADSORPTION OF PESTICIDES FROM SEA WATER ...1.0159
THE EFFECTS OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES ON LARVAL AND
JUVENILE WINTER FLOUNDER IN THE WEWEANTIC
RIVER ESTUARY, MASSACHUSETTS ...1.0253
SELECTED PESTICIDES VS. WILDLIFE IN AQUATIC EN-
VIRONMENTS ...1.0325
THE IMPORTANCE OF THE FOOD CHAIN IN BOTULISM IN-
TOXICATION AMONG WATERFOWL LAKES AND
SLOUGHS OF THE DEVILS LAKE REGION IN NORTH
DAKOTA ...1.0359
TESTING ADULT ATTRACTION DEVICES AND
CHEMOSTERILANTS FOR TABANID FLY CONTROL
...2.0024
INSECTICIDE AND NON-CHEMICAL CONTROL OF
MOSQUITOES ...2.0025
BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY OF SALT-MARSH MOSQUITOES
OF LOUISIANA ...2.0042
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF MOSQUITOES, SAND FLIES
AND GNATS OF U.S. COAST ...2.0043
BIOLOGY AND WATER MANAGEMENT STUDIES FOR CON-
TROL OF LOUISIANA MOSQUITOES (RICE FIELDS)
...2.0044
EFFECT OF PREDATORS AND PARASITES ON MOSQUITO
BREEDING IN LOUISIANA ...2.0045
COORDINATION OF MOSQUITO CONTROL IN NEW JERSEY
...2.0061
MOSQUITO CONTROL - TIDAL MARSHES ...2.0063
WATER MANAGEMENT IN MOSQUITO IMPOUNDMENTS
...2.0064
MOSQUITO CONTROL IN UPLAND SWAMPS ...2.0065
CONTROLLING MOSQUITOES ON HAYING MEADOWS
...2.0066
EFFECTS OF MOSQUITO CONTROL DITCHING ON HIGH
SALT MARSHES IN NORTH CAROLINA, PHASE 1 ...2.0073
EFFECTS OF MOSQUITO CONTROL DITCHING ON HIGH
SALT MARSHES IN NORTH CAROLINA ...2.0075
EFFECT OF CONTROLLING SALT-MARSH MOSQUITOES
...2.0082
EVALUATION OF MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON THE
STATE-OWNED WILDLIFE AREAS ..2.0103
EFFECTS OF WATER EXCHANGE AND BLUE CRAB CON-
TROL ON SHRIMP PRODUCTION IN LOUISIANA SALT-
MARSH IMPOUNDMENTS ...2.0275
EFFECTS OF A SNAPPING TURTLE POPULATION ON THE
WATERFOWL PRODUCTIVITY OF A MARSH ...2.0292
VIBRIO PARAHAEMOLYTICUS IN CHESAPEAKE BAY
ISOLATION, INCIDENCE AND PATHOGENICITY ...3.0026
UTILIZATION AND MANAGEMENT OF COASTAL MARSHES
AND RESOURCES ...3.0029
Sweat
CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION OF BIOLOGICALLY IMPOR-
TANT NATURAL PRODUCTS ...2.0265
(U) REPELLENCY AND ATTRACTIVENESS OF MAN TO
MOSQUITO BITES ...4.0040
ATTRACTIVENESS AND REPELLENCY OF MAN TO
MOSQUITO BITES ...4.0041
Synergism and Synergists
DEVELOPMENT OF TILLAGE-REPLACING HERBICIDE
SYSTEMS ...1.0196
EFFECTS OF PARATHION AND MALATHION ON WARM-
WATER FISH PONDS ...1.0283
CONTINUOUS-FLOW BIOASSAY OF PESTICIDES TO EVALU-
ATE THE ACUTE AND CHRONIC EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES
TO FRESHWATER INVERTEBRATES ...1.0294
BIODEGRADATION OF PESTICIDES IN A FRESHWATER
ECOSYSTEM INTERACTION BETWEEN MICROORGAN-
ISMS AND PESTICIDES ...1.0352
STUDIES ON INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE IN MOSQUITOES
...2.0017
STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIPS AND MODE OF AC-
TION OF INSECTICIDE SYNERGISTS ...2.0067
WEED CONTROL IN RICE PRODUCTION ...2.0098
EXPANDED AQUATIC PLANT CONTROL PROJECT ...2.0146
CONTROL OF AQUATIC AND NONCROPLAND WEEDS IN
WYOMING, COLORADO, AND NEBRASKA ...2.0187
INTENSIVE SCREENING OF POTENTIAL FISH CONTROL
AGENTS - POTENTIATION OF ANTIMYCIN ...2.0241
Synthesis
Inorganic Synthesis
INSECT CHEMOSTERILANTS ..2.0049
Organic Synthesis
DEVELOPMENT OF ANALYTICAL
SELECTED HERBICIDES ...1.0175
INSECT CHEMOSTERILANTS ...2.0049
METHODS FOR
2-163
-------
Synthesis
SUBJECT INDEX
CORRELATION OF STRUCTURE VS. ACTIVITY OF POLLU-
TANTS OF FRESH WATER ...2.0290
Systemic Action -animal
BIONOMICS AND CONTROL OF ASIAN MOSQUITOES -
4.0058
Systemic Action -plant
RELATIONSHIP OF PESTICIDES IN SOIL, WATER AND
PLANTS ...1.0057
EVALUATION OF NEW INSECTICIDES ...2.0015
EXPANDED AQUATIC PLANT CONTROL PROJECT ...2.0146
Tannic Acid
TIME-CONCENTRATION TESTS INVOLVING NEUTRALIZA-
TION OF ROTENONE WITH POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE
...2.0224
Tannin
BEHAVIOR OF CHEMICALS INTRODUCED INTO THE
FOREST ENVIRONMENT AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE
ECOSYSTEM ...1.0083
ANAEROBIC DEGRADATION OF AROMATIC COMPOUNDS
IN THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT ...1.0131
Tanzania
RESEARCH ON ARTHROPOD-BORNE DISEASES -1 ...4.0070
Taste & Odor of Water
EFFECTS OF CHEMICAL IMPURITIES IN WATER DISINFEC-
TION BY HALOGENS ...1.0155
Taxonomy -animal
ECOLOGY AND CONTROL OF CERTAIN PARASITIC DIP-
TERA ...2.0001
POPULATION GENETICS AND RADIOGENETICS IN
MOSQUITOES ...2.0038
BIOLOGICAL AND SYSTEMATIC STUDIES ON AQUATIC
ARTHROPODS ...2.0054
SURVEY OF INSECT PROBLEMS IN MONTANA ...2.0059
STUDIES ON SOME FUNGAL PARASITES OF MOSQUITOES
.2.0072
BIOLOGY OF THE LARVAL SEA LAMPREY ...2.0210
MOSQUITOES OF MIDDLE AMERICA ...4.0037
MOSQUITOES OF MIDDLE AMERICA ...4.0038
ECOLOGY AND DISEASE TRANSMISSION POTENTIAL
...4.0044
MOSQUITOES OF THE NEW GUINEA AREA ...4.0050
OCCURRENCE AND BIONOMICS OF BLOODSUCKING
MIDGES (DIPTERA: CERATOPOGONIDAE) IN IOWA
...4.0056
MOSQUITOES OF MALAYSIA ...4.0060
AQUATIC & SEMI-AQUATIC DIPTERA STUDIES ...4.0073
Taxonomy -plant
DYNAMICS OF ALGAE POPULATIONS IN FARM FISH PONDS
...2.0094
CONTROL AND UTILIZATION OF AQUATIC PLANTS ...2.0157
STUDIES IN PHYSIOLOGY ECOLOGY AND LIFE HISTORIES
OF ALGAE ...4.0022
AQUATIC PLANTS OF POLLUTED WATERS IN
SOUTHWESTERN UNITED STATES ...4.0028
Technique Development
RESIDUES OF SELECTED PESTICIDES IN PLANTS, ANIMALS,
AND THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT ...1.0019
TISSUE ANALYSIS FOR NUTRIENT ASSAY OF NATURAL
WATERS ...4.0030
Temperature - Air
BEHAVIOR OF SPECIFIC HERBICIDES IN PLANTS AND SOILS
...1.0081
FATE OF HERBICIDES IN PLANTS AND SOILS ...1.0095
A TISSUE ENZYME ASSAY FOR CHLORINATED HYDROCAR-
BON INSECTICIDES ...1.0168
CHEMICAL AND SEDIMENT MOVEMENT FROM AGRICUL-
TURAL LAND INTO LAKE ERIE ...1.0191
FACTORS AFFECTING ROLE OF MICROORGANISMS IN
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF INSECT PESTS ...2.0037
EMERGENCY INSECT CONTROL ...2.0076
DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY OF PENNSYLVANIA SALA-
MANDERS ...2.0080
THE TOXICITY AND DETOXIFICATION OF THE ROTENONE
FORMULATIONS USED IN FISH MANAGEMENT ...2.0226
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF TERRESTRIAL MOLLUSCS
...2.0281
ANATOMICAL, PHYSIOLOGICAL AND ECOLOGICAL STU-
DIES ON MYRIOPHYLLUM SPICATIU ...4.0013
THERMAL STRESS AND POLYMORPHISM OF MOSQUITOES
...4.0052
DYNAMICS. BEHAVIOR AND IMPACT OF ECONOMIC IN-
SECTS ...4.0053
PHOTOPERIOD AND TEMPERATURE EFFECTS ON
DIAPAUSE OF THE MOSQUITO CULISETA INORNATA
...4.0074
POST-IMPROVEMENT LIMNOLOGICAL-ANALYSES AND
FISH-POPULATION EVALUATIONS OF CERTAIN STRIP-
MINE LAKES IN SOUTHEAST KANSAS ...4.0078
Freezing & Below
EFFECT OF CONTROLLING SALT-MARSH MOSQUITOES
...2.0082
Low Temp, -but Above 32 F
LIFE CYCLES OF ROTTBELLIA EXALTATA AND AM-
PHIBROMUS SCABRIVALVIS AND DEVELOPMENT OF
CONTROL MEASURES ...4.0010
BIONOMICS OF SELECTED NORTH AMERICAN CULICINE
MOSQUITOES ...4.0054
Temperature - Soil
EFFICIENCY AND HAZARDS OF RESIDUAL HERBICIDES IN
SOILS UNDER IRRIGATION. ...1.0010
SORPTION AND MOVEMENT OF POLLUTED WATER IN SOIL
1.0012
PESTICIDE MOBILITY AND DEGRADATION IN SOIL-WATER
SYSTEMS ...1.0013
RESIDUES OF SELECTED PESTICIDES IN PLANTS, ANIMALS,
AND THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT ...1.0019
MOVEMENT OF HERBICIDES IN SOIL BY MASS FLOW
...1.0044
SOIL AND WATER MANAGEMENT FOR SALINITY CONTROL
PHASE II ...1.0066
EFFECTS OF VEGETATIVE COVERS UPON RUNOFF FROM
PRINCIPAL SOILS OF WESTERN NORTH CAROLINA
...1.0074
BEHAVIOR OF SPECIFIC HERBICIDES IN PLANTS AND SOILS
...1.0081
SOILS, PESTICIDES AND THE QUALITY OF WATER ...1.0105
SORPTION AND DESORPTION OF CHLORINATED
HYDROCARBON PESTICIDES IN AQUATIC SEDIMENT
MINERALS ..1.0181
CHEMICAL AND SEDIMENT MOVEMENT FROM AGRICUL-
TURAL LAND INTO LAKE ERIE ...1.0191
THE CONTROL OF SLUGS ...2.0294
2-164
-------
SUBJECT INDEX
Temperature - Water
High Temp. - 85 F or Above
AND LOSS OF
INACTIVATION
...1.0009
PESTICIDES FROM SOIL
Temperature - Water
PROPERTIES OF TILE DRAINAGE WATER ...1.0045
AN INVESTIGATION INTO RECREATIONAL WATER QUALI-
TY CRITERIA ...1.0117
EFFECTS OF CHEMICAL IMPURITIES IN WATER DISINFEC-
TION BY HALOGENS ...1.0155
ADSORPTION OF PESTICIDES FROM SEA WATER ...1.0159
GROUND AND SURFACE WATERS - POLLUTION ...1.0182
DISTRIBUTION OF ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDE
RESIDUES IN NATURAL WATERS AND SEDIMENTS
...1.0215
EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON AQUATIC ANIMALS IN THE
ESTUARINE AND MARINE ENVIRONMENTS ...1.0234
RESEARCH STUDY ON THE EFFECTS OF POLLUTION ON
SUB-TROPICAL FISH AND CRUSTACEANS . .1.0237
BEHAVIOR OF ESTUARINE ANIMALS ...1.0240
SCREENING OF PESTICIDES AGAINST FISH AT COLUMBIA
MISSOURI ...1.0277
THE INFLUENCES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS ON
THE TOXICITY OF PESTICIDES ...1.0278
THE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF VARIOUS LIFE STAGES OF FRESH-
WATER FISHES TO THREE TOXICANTS ...1.0279
RELATIVE SUSCEPTIBILITIES OF FISH FAMILIES TO HERBI-
CIDES ...1.0280
INVESTIGATION OF STRESS-INDUCED MOBILIZATION OF
INSECTICIDE RESIDUES CHRONIC TOXICITY OF PESTI-
CIDES TO FISH ...1.0281
CHRONIC TOXICITY OF PESTICIDES TO FRESHWATER
FISHES .1.0285
CONTINUOUS-FLOW BIOASSAY OF PESTICIDES TO EVALU-
ATE THE ACUTE AND CHRONIC EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES
TO FRESHWATER INVERTEBRATES ...1.0294
BIOCHEMICAL EFFECTS OF TOXIC CHEMICALS ...1.0303
STATIC BIOASSAY OF TRACERS AND DYES AGAINST FISH
AND INVERTEBRATES ...1.0316
ALGAL FOODS OF SHELLFISH (MICROORGANISMS AFFECT-
ING SHELLFISH PROGRAM) ...1.0326
ECOLOGICAL STUDIES OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT PRAC-
TICES ...1.0327
AN EVALUATION OF WIDELY USED HERBICIDES ON
AQUATIC PLANTS, FISH AND FISH-FOOD ORGANISMS
...1.0343
EFFECT OF COPPER SULFATE ON AQUATIC WEEDS ...2.0108
BASIC PHYSIOLOGY OF AQUATIC WEEDS IN THE
SOUTHEAST ...2.0115
INFLUENCE OF PESTICIDES & OTHER HYDROCARBONS ON
GROWTH OF EURYTOLERANT MICROALGAE ...2.0148
INVESTIGATION OF AQUATIC WEED PROBLEMS AND
MEANS OF CONTROL, WITH EMPHASIS ON BRAZILIAN
WATERWEED ...2.0167
EUTROPHICATION EFFECT OF FLOW AUGMENTATION
...2.0168
EUTROPHICATION PHYSICAL ECOLOGICAL CONTROL
...2.0171
THE ROLE OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF
NUISANCE GROWTHS ...2.0174
NUISANCE ALGAL GROWTH RELATED TO ENVIRONMEN-
TAL FACTORS ...2.0180
BIOLOGICAL AND LIMNOLOGICAL INVENTORY OF SEVEN
FLOOD CONTROL RESERVOIRS IN THE STATE OF INDI-
ANA ...2.0199
BIOLOGY OF THE LARVAL SEA LAMPREY ...2.0210
BIOASSAY ...2.0211
THE EFFICACY OF NEW FORMULATIONS OF ANTIMYCIN IN
NATURAL LAKES AND STREAMS .2.0246
STATIC BIOASSAY OF TOXICANTS AGAINST FISH AND IN-
VERTEBRATES ...2.0255
STATIC BIOASSAY OF REPRODUCTIVE CONTROLS AGAINST
FISH AND INVERTEBRATES ...2.0256
STATIC BIOASSAY OF COLLECTING AIDS AGAINST FISH
...2.0257
STATIC BIOASSAY OF ATTRACTANTS AND REPELLANTS
AGAINST FISH AND INVERTEBRATES ...2.0258
CONTINUOUS FLOW BIOASSAY OF TOXICANTS AGAINST
FISH AND INVERTEBRATES ..2.0259
NATURAL HISTORY OF PREDATORS AND COMPETITORS
(PREDATOR CONTROL PROGRAM) ...2.0271
SWIMMER'S ITCH INTERMEDIATE HOSTS, DISTRIBUTION
AND ECOLOGY ...2.0278
SWIMMER'S ITCH - INTERMEDIATE HOST DISTRIBUTION
AND ECOLOGY ...2.0279
METHOD OF CONTROLLING MORTALITY IN CHANNEL
CATFISH DUE TO CCV INFECTION ...3.0005
PATHOLOGY OF AEROMONAS LIQUIFACIENS IN CHANNEL
CATFISH ...3.0013
COOPERATIVE FISH PARASITE AND DISEASE STUDY
...3.0015
OYSTER DISEASE MORTALITY ALONG THE CALIFORNIA
COAST ...3.0022
ETIOLOGY OF ESTUARINE FISH DISEASES ...3.0040
MASS MORTALITY OF OYSTERS ALONG THE OREGON
COAST . .3.0060
USE OF CELL CULTURE METHODS TO ATTEMPT TO FOL-
LOW DEVELOPING STAGES OF SPORES ...3.0062
SALT WATER POND RESEARCH ...3.0073
MASS MORTALITY OF PACIFIC OYSTERS ALONG THE
WASHINGTON COAST ...3.0082
EFFECT OF SUPERSATURATION OF DISSOLVED NITROGEN
ON MIGRATING SALMONIDS ...3.0083
MUCUS & FRESHWATER OSMOREGULATION IN
ANADROMOUS FISHES & RELATIONSHIPS TO MORTALI-
TIES IN THE ALEWIFE ...3.0106
RELATIONSHIP OF TEMPERATURE TO DISEASES OF SAL-
MONIDFISH ...3.0116
CONTROL OF VIBRIOSIS IN SALMON ...3.0117
RESEARCH IN LIMNOLOGY INTERRELATIONS OF
HYDROLOGY AND AQUATIC ECOLOGY ...4.0002
TOXIC SUBSTANCES AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF
HYACINTHS AND OTHER WATER PLANTS ...4.0005
AN INVESTIGATION OF THE CAUSES, EFFECTS, AND CON-
TROL OF EUTROPHICATION IN MAINE LAKES ...4.0011
BIOLOGIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL OF EURASIAN
MILFOIL (MYRIOPHYLLUM SPICATUM L.) IN CHES-
APEAKE BAY ...4.0012
THE ECOLOGY OF SELECTED SUBMERSED AQUATIC
WEEDS ...4.0020
ECOLOGY OF SELECTED SUBMERSED AQUATIC WEEDS
...4.0024
ECOLOGY OF MOSQUITOES OF ARID SOUTHEASTERN
CALIFORNIA ...4.0039
WATER QUALITY REQUIREMENTS OF AQUATIC INSECTS
4.0066
POST-IMPROVEMENT LIMNOLOGICAL-ANALYSES AND
FISH-POPULATION EVALUATIONS OF CERTAIN STRIP-
MINE LAKES IN SOUTHEAST KANSAS ...4.0078
GAME FISH REPRODUCTION AND ROUGH FISH PROBLEMS
IN ELEPHANT BUTTE LAKE ...4.0081
REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY AND EARLY LIFE HISTORY OF
CYPRINIDS IN EAST AND PAULINA LAKES ...4.0083
High Temp. -85 F or Above
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF SNAILS AND SLUGS ...2.0269
Low Temp, -but Above 32 F
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF MOSQUITOES IN CENTRAL AND
NORTHERN CALIFORNIA ...2.0006
CONTROL OF UNDESIRABLE AQUATIC VEGETATION IN
LAKE TANEYCOMO, MISSOURI ...2.0154
ENVIRONMENTAL STUDY ...3.0030
THE RELATIONSHIP OF TEMPERATURE TO DISEASE OF
SALMONID FISHES ...3.0051
AQUATIC MYXOBACTERIA, CHONDROCOCCUS COLUM-
NARIS AND OTHER FISH PATHOGENS ...3.0126
Warm Water
Induced Temperature
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL FACTORS AFFECTING FISH
...1.0246
2-165
-------
Temperature - Water
SUBJECT INDEX
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF MCN-JR-7464 AS AN ANESTHETIC
FOR SELECTED SPECIES OF FISH (ABBREV) ...2.0261
EFFECTS OF WATER EXCHANGE AND BLUE CRAB CON-
TROL ON SHRIMP PRODUCTION IN LOUISIANA SALT-
MARSH IMPOUNDMENTS ...2.0275
RELATIVE RESISTANCE OF SELECTIVELY BRED BROOK
AND BROWN TROUT FINGERLINGS TO FURUNCULOSIS
..3.0041
PARASITES OF FRESH-WATER FISHES IN NORTH CAROLINA
...3.0047
THE RELATIONSHIP OF TEMPERATURE TO DISEASE OF
SALMONID FISHES ...3.0051
AQUICULTURE, SALMON CULTURE - RESEARCH ...3.0053
EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION ON FISH DIS-
EASES EFFECT OF HEAT STRESS ON DISEASE RE-
SISTANCE MECHANISMS IN SALMONID FISHES ...3.0089
AQUICULTURE. OYSTER HATCHERIES - RESEARCH ...3.0118
Warm Temperature -natural
CHRONIC EFFECTS OF DURSBAN ON WARM-WATER FISH
1.0282
EFFECTS OF PARATHION AND MALATHION ON WARM-
WATER FISH PONDS ...1.0283
EVALUATE FISH TOXICANTS (SUNSET LAKE SEGMENT)
...2.0229
STUDY OF THE INCIDENCE AND LIFE CYCLES OF MYX-
OSPORIDIAL INFECTIONS IN WARM WATER FISHES
(REVISED) ...3.0020
ENVIRONMENTAL STUDY ...3.0030
PARASITES OF WARMWATER FISHES AND THEIR CONTROL
...3.0108
AQUATIC MYXOBACTERIA, CHONDROCOCCUS COLUM-
NARIS AND OTHER FISH PATHOGENS ...3.0126
Terpenes
MAGNITUDE AND NATURE OF POLYCHLORINATED
BIPHENYLS IN COHO SALMON ...1.0262
CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC CONTROL OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS BY
HORMONES ...2.0266
Texas
FATE OF POLLUTANTS IN GROUND WATER ...1.0079
EFFECT OF USING RUNOFF WATER IN RECHARGE WELLS-
HIGH PLAINS AREA ...1.0100
INVESTIGATION OF RICE IRRIGATION RETURN FLOWS
TEXAS COASTAL PRAIRIE REGION ...1.0209
ARBOVIRUS STUDIES-HOUSTON AND THE TEXAS GULF
COAST ...2.0083
Thailand
RESEARCH ON ARTHROPOD-BORNE DISEASES - I ...4.0070
ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPORTANCE OF FILARIASIS IN
THAILAND ...4.0072
Thymidine
RADIATION CYTOGENETICS OF THE
MOSQUITO, AEDES AEGYPTI ...2.0036
YELLOW-FEVER
Tidewater Areas
PESTICIDE KINETICS ...1.0127
ECOLOGICAL STUDIES OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT PRAC-
TICES ...1.0327
MOSQUITO CONTROL TIDAL MARSHES ...2.0063
Timing of Pest Control
CHANGES IN WATER ENVIRONMENT RESULTING FROM
AQUATIC PLANT CONTROL ...2.0183
Tissues -biological
RELATION OF AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES TO WATER
QUALITY IN NORTH APPALACHIAN REGION ...1.0194
THE EFFECT OF PESTICIDES ON AN ECOSYSTEM ...1.0365
TISSUE ANALYSIS FOR NUTRIENT ASSAY OF NATURAL
WATERS ...4.0030
Histochemistry & Cytochemistry
ENZYME AND TISSUE ALTERATIONS IN FISH A MEASURE
OF WATER QUALITY ...1.0248
THERMAL STRESS AND POLYMORPHISM OF MOSQUITOES
...4.0052
Histology and Cytology
PHYSIOLOGIC RESPONSE OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS TO
POLLUTANTS ...1.0260
SCREENING PESTICIDES FOR TERATOGENIC EFFECTS ON
GAMBUSIA - CHRONIC TOXICITY OF PESTICIDES TO
FRESHWATER FISHES ...1.0268
COMPARISON OF METHODS USED TO MEASURE ESTERASE
ACTIVITY. INTERACTIONS BETWEEN PESTICIDES ON
FISH ENZYME SYSTEMS ...1.0274
SEASONAL CHANGES IN ESTERASE ACTIVITY IN FISH AND
INVERTEBRATES. INTERACTIONS BETWEEN PESTICIDES
ON FISH ENZYME SYSTEMS ...1.0275
EFFECTS OF PARATHION AND MALATHION ON WARM-
WATER FISH PONDS ...1.0283
EFFECTS OF METHOXYCHLOR ON THE CONDITIONING OF
STRIPED BASS TO AN OLFACTORY STIMULUS ...2.0233
TRANSMISSION OF AN OVARY PARASITE OF THE GOLDEN
SHINER ...3.0038
CYTOLOGY OF VIRAL NEOPLASMS OF FISH ...3.0045
MASS MORTALITY OF OYSTERS ALONG THE OREGON
COAST ...3.0060
A HISTOLOGIC STUDY OF MARINE FISH ...3.0076
HISTOPATHOLOGY OF SALMONID FISHES BACTERIAL
RED-MOUTH DISEASE HISTOPATHOGENESIS OF RAIN-
BOW TROUT (SALMON GAIRDNERI) ...3.0093
NEOPLASMS OF SALMONID FISHES ...3.0094
HISTOPATHOLOGY OF SALMONID FISHES: DIAGNOSIS
...3.0095
BIOLOGIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL OF EURASIAN
MILFOIL (MYRIOPHYLLUM SPICATUM L.) IN CHES-
APEAKE BAY ...4.0012
THERMAL STRESS AND POLYMORPHISM OF MOSQUITOES
...4.0052
Hypertrophy - Hyperplasia
CYTOLOGY OF VIRAL NEOPLASMS OF FISH ...3.0045
Leaf Analysis
DEVELOPMENT OF TILLAGE-REPLACING HERBICIDE
SYSTEMS ...1.0196
CONTROL OF WEEDS IN AQUATIC AND NONCROP AREAS
IN THE UPPER MISSOURI RIVER BASIN ...2.0160
Transplants
EPIDERMAL PAPILLOMAS ...3.0021
Toxic Substances
Aflatoxins
MYCOTOXIN TOXICITY AND CARCINOGENESIS IN TROUT
...3.0056
HISTOPATHOLOGY OF LIVERS OF RAINBOW TROUT FED
RANCID PELLETS CONTAINING AFLATOXIN ...3.0081
Aspertoxin
MYCOTOXIN TOXICITY AND CARCINOGENESIS IN TROUT
...3.0056
2-166
-------
SUBJECT INDEX
Turbidity - Water
Bacteria] Endotoxins
THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENTLY EXTRACTED ENDOTOXINS
FROM ESCHERICHIA COLI ON RAINBOW TROUT (SALMO
GAIRDNERI) ...3.0071
Bacterial Toxins -nonspecific
CYTOPATHOGENIC EFFECT OF TOXIN ON TISSUE ...3.0086
CYTOPATHOGENIC EFFECT OF TOXIN IN FISH ...3.0087
Fungal Toxins
TO CHARACTERIZE PATHOGENS OF MOSQUITOES ...2.0007
IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MOSQUITO
PATHOGENS ...2.0020
MODE OF ACTION OF A NEW FUNGAL PATHOGEN OF
MOSQUITOES ...2.0070
MYCOTOXIN TOXICITY AND CARCINOGENESIS IN TROUT
...3.0056
Ochratoxin
MYCOTOXIN TOXICITY AND CARCINOGENESIS IN TROUT
...3.0056
Plant Toxins
MOSQUITO PATHOGENS AS POTENTIAL CONTROL AGENTS
...2.0019
TOXIC SUBSTANCES AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF
HYACINTHS AND OTHER WATER PLANTS ...4.0005
Toxic Substances -nonspecific
IMPACT ON MAN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION
CAUSED BY LEAD ...1.0123
EFFECTS OF TOXICANTS UPON FISH MOVEMENT PAT-
TERNS ...1.0308
CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC CONTROL OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS BY
HORMONES ...2.0266
Toxicity to Microorganisms
PESTICIDE MOBILITY AND DEGRADATION IN SOIL-WATER
SYSTEMS ...1.0023
REDUCTION OF HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH RESIDUES OF
INSECTICIDAL CHEMICALS IN THE ENVIRONMENT
...1.0037
PESTICIDE DETOXICATION MECHANISMS OF MICROOR-
GANISMS IN SOIL AND WATER ...1.0087
PESTICIDES AND MICROBIAL ECOLOGY OF LAKE CHAM-
PLAIN ...1.0213
MICROBIOLOGY OF FARM PONDS ..1.0220
THE FATE AND EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES IN THE AQUATIC
ENVIRONMENT OF THE FLATHEAD LAKE DRAINAGE
AREA ...1.0297
ALGAL FOODS OF SHELLFISH (MICROORGANISMS AFFECT-
ING SHELLFISH PROGRAM) ...1.0326
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS OF PESTICIDE USAGE
. .1.0334
EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON NON-TARGET ORGANISMS
...1.0341
THE EFFECT OF PESTICIDES ON PRIMARY PRODUCERS IN
A FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEM ...1.0350
INTERCEPTION AND DEGRADATION OF PESTICIDES BY
AQUATIC ALGAE ..1.0363
MOSQUITO INVESTIGATIONS RESEARCH AND DEVELOP-
MENT ...2.0060
ECOLOGY AND BIOCONTROL OF AQUATIC WEEDS IN THE
SOUTHEAST ...2.0117
THE INFLUENCE OF HERBICIDES USED ON HORTICUL-
TURAL CROPS ON STREAM ECOLOGY ...2.0150
ALGACIDES FOR USE IN WATER RECLAMATION AND
REUSE SYSTEMS ...2.01771
Tracers
IMPACT ON MAN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION
CAUSED BY LEAD ...1.0123
Dyes
DEVELOPMENT OF RHODAMINE-B DYE TO TRACE FLOW
AND DISPERSION PATTERNS IN STREAMS AS AN AD-
JUNCT TO TREATING STREAMS WITH FISH-CONTROL
CHEMICALS ...2.0245
Radioisotopes
THE CYCLING OF CL-36 LABELED DDT IN NATURAL
ECOSYSTEMS ...1.0078
DISTRIBUTION AND METABOLIC FATE OF INDUSTRIAL
POLLUTANTS AND PESTICIDES IN A MODEL AQUATIC
ECOSYSTEM ...1.0333
FARM FISH POND MANAGEMENT ...1.0340
Training Grants, Fellowships
OYSTER DISEASE MORTALITY ALONG THE CALIFORNIA
COAST ...3.0022
BACTERIAL AND VIRAL DISEASES AND CELL CULTURES
OF MARINE FISH AND SHELLFISH ...3.0074
Transducers
EFFECT OF ULTRASONIC ENERGY ON AQUATIC PLANTS
...2.0096
Transportation Engineering
CONTROL OF HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL SPILLS BY PHYSI-
CAL BARRIERS ...1.0086
STUDY OF METHODS FOR REDUCING WATER POLLUTION
FROM STORM SEWER AND COMBINATION DISCHARGES
THROUGH DEFINED PUBLIC WORKS PRACTICES ...1.0142
EVALUATION OF EFFECTS OF SATURATED HYDROCAR-
BONS ON PRESERVATIVE QUALITY OF CREOSOTE
...2.0267
Snow and Ice Removal
STUDY OF METHODS FOR REDUCING WATER POLLUTION
FROM STORM SEWER AND COMBINATION DISCHARGES
THROUGH DEFINED PUBLIC WORKS PRACTICES ...1.0142
Trucks
DEEPWATER PILOT PLANT-ENGINEERING AND INTERCEP-
TOR FEASIBILITY ...1.0183
Trichloracetic Acid
THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENTLY EXTRACTED ENDOTOXINS
FROM ESCHERICHIA COLI ON RAINBOW TROUT (SALMO
GAIRDNERI) ...3.0071
Turbidity - Water
INVESTIGATION INTO RECREATIONAL WATER QUALITY
CRITERIA ...1.0116
AN INVESTIGATION INTO RECREATIONAL WATER QUALI-
TY CRITERIA ...1.0117
GROUND AND SURFACE WATERS - POLLUTION ...1.0182
QUANTITATIVE METHODS FOR PESTICIDES IN NATURAL
WATERS ...1.0198
BIOCHEMICAL ECOLOGICAL RELATIONSHIPS OF PESTI-
CIDES AND THE BIO-CONSTITUENTS OF AQUATIC COM-
MUNITIES ...1.0342
DETERMINATION OF THE EFFECTS OF A FERTILIZER-IN-
DUCED PLANKTON TURBIDITY, SUPPLEMENTED BY HER-
BICIDES, ON SUBMERGED AQUATIC PLANTS ...2.0137
CONTROL OF UNDESIRABLE AQUATIC VEGETATION IN
LAKE TANEYCOMO, MISSOURI ...2.0154
EUTROPHICATION EFFECT OF FLOW AUGMENTATION
...2.0168
BIOASSAY ...2.0211
MASS MORTALITY OF OYSTERS ALONG THE OREGON
COAST ...3.0060
2-167
-------
Turbidity - Water
SUBJECT INDEX
AN INVESTIGATION OF THE CAUSES, EFFECTS, AND CON-
TROL OF EUTROPHICATION IN MAINE LAKES ...4.0011
GAME FISH REPRODUCTION AND ROUGH FISH PROBLEMS
IN ELEPHANT BUTTE LAKE ...4.0081
Turf
RELATIVE LEACHING RATES OF COMMON NITROGEN CAR-
RIERS FROM SANDY SOILS IN RELATION TO LAKE
EUTROPHICATION ...4.0006
Ultrafiltration
CONCENTRATION AND ANALYSIS OF PESTICIDES AND
OTHER RECALCITRANT MOLECULES IN WATER SUP-
PLIES BY ULTRAFILTRATION ...1.0185
Ultrasonic Frequencies
EFFECT OF ULTRASONIC ENERGY ON AQUATIC PLANTS
...2.0096
United Arab Republic
MOSQUITO AND HOUSEFLY CONTROL WITH CHEMOSTERI-
LANTS IN EGYPT ..2.0085
United States of Indonesia
INTERSPECIFIC COMPETITION AMONG MOSQUITOES
..2.0047
Urban Research
STUDY OF METHODS FOR REDUCING WATER POLLUTION
FROM STORM SEWER AND COMBINATION DISCHARGES
THROUGH DEFINED PUBLIC WORKS PRACTICES ...1.0142
AN ECOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF STREAM EUTROPHICA-
TION ...1.0161
QUALITY OF STORM WATER DRAINAGE FROM URBAN
LAND AREAS IN NORTH CAROLINA ...1.0187
CENTER FOR STUDY OF THE HUMAN ENVIRONMENT
...1.0190
TRANSFER OF PESTICIDES THROUGH WATER. SEDIMENTS,
AND AQUATIC LIFE ...1.0201
DEVELOPMENT AND BEHAVIOR OF BITING DIPTERA
...2.0023
SURVEY OF INSECT PROBLEMS IN MONTANA ...2.0059
RESEARCH ON ARTHROPOD-BORNE DISEASES - I ...4.0070
CALIFORNIA ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS IN WISCONSIN ...4.0075
Urea
SERUM ANALYSIS OF CUTTHROAT TROUT EXPOSED
CHRONICALLY TO METHOXYCHLOR PESTICIDE EFFECTS
ON FISH ENDOCRINE FUNCTIONS ...1.0273
Urethanes
CONTROL OF HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL SPILLS BY PHYSI-
CAL BARRIERS ...1.0086
Uric Acid
SERUM ANALYSIS OF CUTTHROAT TROUT EXPOSED
CHRONICALLY TO METHOXYCHLOR PESTICIDE EFFECTS
ON FISH ENDOCRINE FUNCTIONS ...1.0273
Urine
Utah
EUTROPHICATION OF SHELTERED BAYS IN A LARGE LAKE
...4.0029
Vaccines
CONTROL OF VIBRIOSIS IN SALMON ...3.0117
Bacterial Vaccine
INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF SALMONID FISHES ...3.0049
ORAL IMMUNIZATION OF HATCHERY-REARED SALMONIDS
RED MOUTH COMPARATIVE VACCINE STUDY ...3.0085
CONTROL OF VIBRIOSIS IN SALMON ...3.0117
ORAL IMMUNIZATION OF HATCHERY-REARED SALMONIDS
FURUNCULOSIS IN COHO SALMON ...3.0122
Rickettsial Vaccine
TRANSMISSION OF ANAPLASMOSIS ...4.0032
Viral Vaccines
EXPERIMENTAL REARING OF SALMON AND STEELHEAD
IN BRACKISH WATER IMPOUNDMENTS ...3.0119
Venezuela
MOSQUITOES OF MIDDLE AMERICA ...4.0037
Vertebrate Anatomy
ENZYME AND TISSUE ALTERATIONS IN FISH A MEASURE
OF WATER QUALITY ...1.0248
ACTION MECHANISMS OF INSECTICIDAL DERIVATIVES
...2.0089
Vertebrate Nutrition
UTILIZATION AND MANAGEMENT OF COASTAL MARSHES
AND RESOURCES ...3.0029
IMPROVEMENT OF SALMON AND STEELHEAD TROUT
HATCHERY TECHNIQUES ...3.0059
Diet Components -animal
Carbohydrates
MYCOTOXIN TOXICITY AND CARCINOGENESIS IN TROUT
...3.0056
Inorganic Elements
BIOCHEMICAL EFFECTS OF TOXIC CHEMICALS ...1.0303
MYCOTOXIN TOXICITY AND CARCINOGENESIS IN TROUT
...3.0056
Proteins and Amino Acids
NUTRITIONAL FACTORS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF
CORYNEBACTERIAL KIDNEY DISEASE ...3.0090
Vitamins
MYCOTOXIN TOXICITY AND CARCINOGENESIS IN TROUT
...3.0056
Digestion -animal
Biological
PROCESSING, CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, AND NUTRITIVE
VALUE OF AQUATIC WEEDS ...2.0119
Malabsorption Syndrome
PROCESSING, CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, AND NUTRITIVE
VALUE OF AQUATIC WEEDS ...2.0119
Fasting - Starvation
THE EFFECT OF PESTICIDES ON AN ECOSYSTEM ...1.0365
ROUTE(S) OF EXCRETION OF QUINALDINE SULFATE,
FISH ANESTHETIC ...2.0249
INVESTIGATION OF STRESS-INDUCED MOBILIZATION OF
INSECTICIDE RESIDUES CHRONIC TOXICITY OF PESTI-
CIDES TO FISH ...1.0281
2-168
-------
SUBJECT INDEX
Regulation and Selection
PROCESSING, CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, AND NUTRITIVE
VALUE OF AQUATIC WEEDS ...2.0119
Tests and Methods
MYCOTOX1N TOXICITY AND CARCINOGENES1S IN TROUT
...3.0056
Therapeutic Nutrition
ORAL IMMUNIZATION OF HATCHERY-REARED SALMONIDS
- FURUNCULOSIS IN COHO SALMON ...3.0122
Toxic & Allergenic Effects
THE UPTAKE OF AND BIOLOGICAL RESPONSES TO
AROCLORS IN CHANNEL CATFISH ...1.0267
CHRONIC TOXICITY OF PESTICIDES TO COLD-WATER FISH
...1.0318
PROCESSING. CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, AND NUTRITIVE
VALUE OF AQUATIC WEEDS ...2.0119
Vertebrate Physiology
THE EFFECTS OF THANITE ON THE ACID-BASE BALANCE
IN THE BLOOD OF FISHES ...2.0254
IMPROVEMENT OF SALMON AND STEELHEAD TROUT
HATCHERY TECHNIQUES . .3.0059
Aging -vertebrate
LAKE SUPERIOR COMMERCIAL FISHERIES ASSESSMENT
STUDIES ...2.0212
Behavior -vertebrate
BEHAVIOR OF ESTUARINE ANIMALS ...1.0240
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN SUB-LETHAL PESTICIDES AND
REPRODUCTION AND BEHAVIOR OF FISHES ...1.0245
TOXICITY OF SELECTED METALS TO CONDITIONED FISH
...1.0302
TOXICOLOGY OF PESTICIDES IN THE ENVIRONMENT
...1.0360
THE USE OF PHEROMONES BY CARP, CYPRINUS CARPIO-
RESEARCH ...2.0217
EFFECTS OF METHOXYCHLOR ON THE CONDITIONING OF
STRIPED BASS TO AN OLFACTORY STIMULUS ...2.0233
Biological Rhythms
MUCUS & FRESHWATER OSMOREGULATION IN
ANADROMOUS FISHES & RELATIONSHIPS TO MORTALI-
TIES IN THE ALEWIFE ...3.0106
Spawning
PESTICIDE RESIDUE EFFECTS ON LARVAL MARINE FISHES
...1.0254
LABORATORY BIOASSAYS TO DETERMINE TOXIC EFFECS
OF METHOXYCHLOR IN FISH ...1.0264
POPULATION DYNAMICS - LAKE TROUT ...2.0235
UTILIZATION AND MANAGEMENT OF COASTAL MARSHES
AND RESOURCES ...3.0029
SPAWNING AND REARING OF MARINE FISH ...3.0110
EXPERIMENTAL REARING OF SALMON AND STEELHEAD
IN BRACKISH WATER IMPOUNDMENTS ...3.0119
GAME FISH REPRODUCTION AND ROUGH FISH PROBLEMS
IN ELEPHANT BUTTE LAKE ...4.0081
REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY AND EARLY LIFE HISTORY OF
CYPR1NIDS IN EAST AND PAULINA LAKES ...4.0083
Blood-lymph-re-system
Blood -other
EFFECTS OF FISH CONTROL ACTS ON BLOOD CHEM & HE-
MATOPOIETIC TISSUE OF FISH. EFFECTS OF ANTIMYC1N
A. ON ACID-BASE BALANCE IN BLOOD OF FISH ...2.0260
EVALUATION OF STRESS IN FINGERLING SALMON
THERAPEUTIC DRUGS AS STRESS FACTORS ...3.0120
Blood Cells
EVALUATION OF STRESS IN FINGERLING SALMON
THERAPEUTIC DRUGS AS STRESS FACTORS ...3.0120
Vertebrate Physiology
Blood Protein
DEVELOPMENTS OF METHODS RELATED TO TESTING OF
FISH CONTROL AGENTS BIOCHEMICAL METHOD FOR
SEXING FISH ...2.0248
EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION ON FISH DIS-
EASES EFFECT OF HEAT STRESS ON DISEASE RE-
SISTANCE MECHANISMS IN SALMONID FISHES ...3.0089
EVALUATION OF STRESS IN FINGERLING SALMON
THERAPEUTIC DRUGS AS STRESS FACTORS ...3.0120
Spleen
HISTOPATHOLOGY OF SALMONID FISHES BACTERIAL
RED-MOUTH DISEASE HISTOPATHOGENESIS OF RAIN-
BOW TROUT (SALMON GAIRDNERJ) ...3.0093
Digestive System
Digestive -other
SUSCEPTIBILITY OF VARIOUS AGES OF FISH TO INFECTION
...3.0063
Liver and Gall Bladder
CHRONIC TOXICITY OF PESTICIDES TO FISH ...1.0287
ACTION MECHANISMS OF INSECTICIDAL DERIVATIVES
...2.0089
DEVELOPMENTS OF METHODS RELATED TO TESTING OF
FISH CONTROL AGENTS BIOCHEMICAL METHOD FOR
SEXING FISH ..2.0248
INCIDENCE BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF FASCIOLA
HEPATICA IN THE SOUTHWEST ...2.0280
HISTOPATHOLOGY OF LIVERS OF RAINBOW TROUT FED
RANCID PELLETS CONTAINING AFLATOXIN ...3.0081
EFFICACY OF A POTENTIATED SULFONAMIDE AGAINST
FURUNCULOSIS INFECTIONS IN JUVENILE RAINBOW
TROUT AND COHO SALMON ...3.0125
Stomach
ECOLOGY AND DISEASE TRANSMISSION POTENTIAL
...4.0044
Endocrine System
Endocrine -other
PESTICIDE EFFECTS ON FISH ENDOCRINE FUNCTIONS
...1.0269
SERUM ANALYSIS OF CUTTHROAT TROUT EXPOSED
CHRONICALLY TO METHOXYCHLOR PESTICIDE EFFECTS
ON FISH ENDOCRINE FUNCTIONS ...1.0273
PESTICIDE EFFECTS ON FISH ENDOCRINE FUNCTIONS
...1.0288
Exogenoris
THE USE OF PHEROMONES BY CARP, CYPRINUS CARP1O-
RESEARCH .2.0217
Nerve - Neuro Secretion
PESTICIDE EFFECTS ON FISH ENDOCRINE FUNCTIONS
...1.0291
Pituitary
EFFECT OF ANESTHESIA ON THE BLOOD CHEMISTRY OF
FISHES ...2.0234
Thyroid
THE UPTAKE OF AND BIOLOGICAL RESPONSES TO
AROCLORS IN CHANNEL CATFISH ...1.0267
THYROIDAL 1125 UPTAKE IN IMMATURE CHANNEL CAT-
FISH FOLLOWING EXPOSURE TO SELECTED TOXICANTS
...1.0272
CHRONIC TOXICITY OF PESTICIDES TO COLD-WATER FISH
...1.0318
Environmental Physiology
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN SUB-LETHAL PESTICIDES AND
REPRODUCTION AND BEHAVIOR OF FISHES ...1.0245
EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE IN
THE MOSQUITOFISH, GAMBUS1A AFFINIS ...1.0249
FIELD STUDIES OF PESTICIDE EFFECTS ON FISHES ...1.0257
TOXICITY OF SELECTED METALS TO CONDITIONED FISH
...1.0302
EFFECTS OF FISH CONTROL ACTS ON BLOOD CHEM & HE-
MATOPOIETIC TISSUE OF FISH. EFFECTS OF ANTIMYCIN
A. ON ACID-BASE BALANCE IN BLOOD OF FISH ...2.0260
2-169
-------
Vertebrate Physiology
SUBJECT INDEX
UTILIZATION AND MANAGEMENT OF COASTAL MARSHES
AND RESOURCES ...3.0029
ETIOLOGY OF ESTUARINE FISH DISEASES ...3.0040
BACTERIAL FLORA OF APPARENTLY HEALTHY STRIPED
BASS (ROCCUS SAXATILIS) & ITS CORRELATION WITH
THE BACTERIA OF THE HATCHERY WATER SUPPLY
...3.0046
EFFECT OF SUPERSATURATION OF DISSOLVED NITROGEN
ON MIGRATING SALMONIDS ...3.0083
MUCUS & FRESHWATER OSMOREGULATION IN
ANADROMOUS FISHES & RELATIONSHIPS TO MORTALI-
TIES IN THE ALEWIFE ...3.0106
REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY AND EARLY LIFE HISTORY OF
CYPRINIDS IN EAST AND PAULINA LAKES ...4.0083
Immunology
EPIZOOTIOLOGY OF PARASITIC DISEASES IN FISH POPULA-
TIONS UNDER INTENSIVE MANAGEMENT ...3.0001
RELATIVE RESISTANCE OF SELECTIVELY BRED BROOK
AND BROWN TROUT FINGERLINGS TO FURUNCULOSIS
...3.0041
CYTOLOGY OF VIRAL NEOPLASMS OF FISH ...3.0045
INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF SALMONID FISHES ...3.0049
ORAL IMMUNIZATION OF HATCHERY-REARED SALMONIDS
- RED MOUTH COMPARATIVE VACCINE STUDY ...3.0085
CYTOPATHOGEN1C EFFECT OF TOXIN ON TISSUE ...3.0086
CYTOPATHOGENIC EFFECT OF TOXIN IN FISH ...3.0087
DETECTION OF CARRIER CONDITION IN FURUNCULOSIS
...3.0098
PARASITOLOGY PARASITES AND PARASITIC DISEASES OF
FISHES IMMUNIZATION STUDY FOR
ICHTHYOPHTHIRIUS ...3.0100
PARASITES OF WARMWATER FISHES AND THEIR CONTROL
...3.0108
ORAL IMMUNIZATION OF HATCHERY-REARED SALMONIDS
FURUNCULOSIS IN COHO SALMON ...3.0122
Locomotion -animal
EFFECTS OF CHRONIC SUBLETHAL DOSAGES OF DDT ON
THE SWIMMING PERFORMANCE OF ATLANTIC SALMON
PARR ...1.0252
EFFECTS OF TOXICANTS UPON FISH MOVEMENT PAT-
TERNS .1.0308
SEA LAMPREY CONTROL AGE AND GROWTH STUDIES
...2.0206
Metabolism -vertebrate
CHEMICAL ANALYSES ...1.0129
LIVESTOCK DETOXICATING MECHANISMS OF PESTICIDES
.1.0212
ENZYME SYSTEMS OF ESTUARINE ORGANISMS ...1.0239
FACTORS AFFECTING PESTICIDE TOXICITY ...1.0255
PHYSIOLOGIC RESPONSE OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS TO
POLLUTANTS ...1.0260
SEASONAL CHANGES IN ESTERASE ACTIVITY IN FISH AND
INVERTEBRATES. INTERACTIONS BETWEEN PESTICIDES
ON FISH ENZYME SYSTEMS ...1.0275
INVESTIGATION OF STRESS-INDUCED MOBILIZATION OF
INSECTICIDE RESIDUES CHRONIC TOXICITY OF PESTI-
CIDES TO FISH ...1.0281
PESTICIDE EFFECTS ON FISH ENDOCRINE FUNCTIONS
...1.0288
PESTICIDE EFFECTS ON NITROGEN METABOLISM IN
TELEOSTS ...1.0289
PESTICIDE EFFECTS ON NITROGEN METABOLISM IN
TELEOSTS ...1.0290
UPTAKE AND METABOLISM BY FISH OF 2,4-D DIMETHYL
AMINE SALT ...1.0293
EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON ESTUARINE ORGANISMS
...1.0305
TOXICOLOGY OF PESTICIDES IN THE ENVIRONMENT
...1.0360
THE EFFECTS OF TFM ON THE BLOOD CHEMISTRY OF
FISHES ...2.0252
THE EFFECTS OF ANTIMYCIN A ON THE METABOLISM OF
SELECTED TISSUES IN FISH (ABBREV) ...2.0262
BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES IN FISH DISEASES THE STRESS
OF FORMALIN TREATMENTS IN SALMONID FISHES
...3.0124
COMPARISONS BETWEEN ARTHROPOD AND VERTEBRATE
METABOLISM ...4.0049
Energy
SPAWNING AND REARING OF MARINE FISH ...3.0110
Inhibitors
EFFECTS OF FISH CONTROL ACTS ON BLOOD CHEM & HE-
MATOPOIETIC TISSUE OF FISH. EFFECTS OF ANTIMYCIN
A. ON ACID-BASE BALANCE IN BLOOD OF FISH ...2.0260
Mineral
MINERAL IMBALANCE IN BLUEGILLS EXPOSED TO
MALATHION PESTICIDE-INDUCED MINERAL IMBALANCE
IN FISH ...1.0292
Metamorphosis -animal
SEA LAMPREY CONTROL AGE AND GROWTH STUDIES
...2.0206
DEVELOPMENT OF METHODS FOR COMMERCIAL PRODUC-
TION OF FROG LEGS FROM TADPOLES OF THE BULL-
FROG ...3.0028
Musculoskeletal System
Bone
THE UPTAKE OF AND BIOLOGICAL RESPONSES TO
AROCLORS IN CHANNEL CATFISH ...1.0267
WALLEYE LIFE HISTORY STUDY .4.0085
Cartilage
TRANSMISSION OF MYXOSOMA CEREBRALIS AND OTHER
CARTILAGINOUS MYXOSPORIDA ...3.0132
Muscle
QUALITY FACTORS OF LAKE MICHIGAN COHO SALMON
FLESH ...1.0259
PESTICIDE LEVELS IN BIRDS WINTERING ON LAKE
MICHIGAN ...1.0367
Nervous System -vertebrate
ENZYME SYSTEMS OF ESTUARINE ORGANISMS ...1.0239
NERVE IMPULSE TRANSMISSION CHARACTERISTICS OF
ISOLATED FISH-NERVE PREPARATIONS PERFUSED WITH
PHYSIOLOGICAL LEVELS OF SELECTED PESTICIDES
...1.0271
COMPARISON OF METHODS USED TO MEASURE ESTERASE
ACTIVITY. INTERACTIONS BETWEEN PESTICIDES ON
FISH ENZYME SYSTEMS ...1.0274
MINERAL IMBALANCE IN BLUEGILLS EXPOSED TO
MALATHION PESTICIDE-INDUCED MINERAL IMBALANCE
IN FISH ...1.0292
IN VITRO POTENCY OF SEVERAL ANTICHOLINESTERASE
AGENTS WITH SELECTED MEMBERS OF THE AQUATIC
ENVIRONMENT ...1.0348
THE EFFECT OF PESTICIDES ON AN ECOSYSTEM ...1.0365
ACTION MECHANISMS OF INSECTICIDAL DERIVATIVES
...2.0089
USE OF CELL CULTURE METHODS TO ATTEMPT TO FOL-
LOW DEVELOPING STAGES OF SPORES ...3.0062
SUSCEPTIBILITY OF VARIOUS AGES OF FISH TO INFECTION
...3.0063
UTILIZATION OF INVERTEBRATE VECTORS IN THE TRANS-
MISSION OF WHIRLING DISEASE ...3.0064
USE OF TISSUE SECTIONING TECHNIQUES TO ATTEMPT TO
FOLLOW THE LIFE HISTORY OF WHIRLING DISEASE
PARASITES FROM THE FIRST DAY OF INFECTION ...3.0065
TREATMENT OF WHIRLING DISEASE SPORES TO PRODUCE
INFECTIVE STATES OF THE ORGANISM ...3.0066
METHODS OF COLLECTING AND CONCENTRATING SPORES
TAKEN FROM INFECTED FISH ...3.0067
DETERMINE IF SPORES OR INFECTIVE STAGES ARE SHED
FROM LIVING FISH ...3.0068
LONGEVITY OF SPORES OF 'MYOXOSOMA CEREBRALIS-
(WHIRLING DISEASE) ...3.0102
POSSIBLE BIRD TRANSMISSION OF 'MYXOSOMA
CEREBRALIS' ...3.0105
2-170
-------
SUBJECT INDEX
Veterinary Science
Osmoregulation
SERUM ANALYSIS OF CUTTHROAT TROUT EXPOSED
CHRONICALLY TO METHOXYCHLOR PESTICIDE EFFECTS
ON FISH ENDOCRINE FUNCTIONS ...1.0273
EFFECTS OF FISH CONTROL ACTS ON BLOOD CHEM & HE-
MATOPOIETIC TISSUE OF FISH. EFFECTS OF ANTIMYCIN
A. ON ACID-BASE BALANCE IN BLOOD OF FISH ...2.0260
MUCUS & FRESHWATER OSMOREGULATION IN
ANADROMOUS FISHES & RELATIONSHIPS TO MORTALI-
TIES IN THE ALEWIFE ...3.0106
Respiratory System
Fish
DISTRIBUTION OF THE GENUS ERGASILUS (PARASITIC
COPEPOD) IN THE SOUTHEASTERN UNITED STATES
...3.0011
COOPERATIVE FISH PARASITE AND DISEASE STUDY
...3.0015
EFFECT OF SUPERSATURATION OF DISSOLVED NITROGEN
ON MIGRATING SALMONIDS ...3.0083
EFFICACY OF A POTENTIATED SULFONAMIDE AGAINST
FURUNCULOSIS INFECTIONS IN JUVENILE RAINBOW
TROUT AND COHO SALMON ...3.0125
AQUATIC MYXOBACTERIA, CHONDROCOCCUS COLUM-
NARIS AND OTHER FISH PATHOGENS ..3.0126
Sensory Organs -vertebrate
BEHAVIOR OF ESTUAR1NE ANIMALS ...1.0240
THE USE OF PHEROMONES BY CARP, CYPRINUS CARPIO-
RESEARCH ...2.0217
EFFECTS OF METHOXYCHLOR ON THE CONDITIONING OF
STRIPED BASS TO AN OLFACTORY STIMULUS ...2.0233
Skin or Special Derivatives
EPIDERMAL PAPILLOMAS ...3.0021
ANALYSIS OF DATA AND PREPARATION OF MANUSCRIPTS
FOR PUBLICATION ...3.0044
EFFICACY OF A POTENTIATED SULFONAMIDE AGAINST
FURUNCULOSIS INFECTIONS IN JUVENILE RAINBOW
TROUT AND COHO SALMON ...3.0125
DEVELOPMENT OF AN ORALLY EFFECTIVE INSECT REPEL-
LENT ...4.0051
Dermal
CYTOLOGY OF VIRAL NEOPLASMS OF FISH ...3.0045
ORAL IMMUNIZATION OF HATCHERY-REARED SALMONIDS
FURUNCULOSIS IN COHO SALMON ...3.0122
Scales
EARLY SOUAMATION OF BLUEGILL (LEPOMIS
MACROCHIRUS) AND FATHEAD MINNOWS (P1MEPHALES
PROMELAS) EXPOSED TO AROCLORS ...1.0286
LAKE SUPERIOR COMMERCIAL FISHERIES ASSESSMENT
STUDIES ...2.0212
Thermoregulation
EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION ON FISH DIS-
EASES EFFECT OF HEAT STRESS ON DISEASE RE-
SISTANCE MECHANISMS IN SALMONID FISHES 3.0089
Tissues -vertebrate
INHIBITORY EFFECT OF DDT IN ATPASE ASSAY MIXTURES
...1.0309
RESIDUES OF THANITE IN FISH MUSCLE . .1.0314
RESIDUES OF MS-222 IN FISH ...2.0236
U.V. SPECTROPHOTOMETRY FOR THE IDENTIFICATION
AND ESTIMATION OF QUINALDINE RESIDUE ...2.0237
IN VIVO AND IN VITRO STUDIES ON THE MODE OF ACTION
OF TFM ...2.0250
Urogenital System
Kidney and Urinary System
EFFECT OF ANESTHESIA ON THE BLOOD CHEMISTRY OF
FISHES ...2.0234
NUTRITIONAL FACTORS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF
CORYNEBACTERIAL KIDNEY DISEASE ...3.0090
HISTOPATHOGENESIS OF KIDNEY DISEASE . .3.0091
HISTOPATHOLOGY OF SALMONID FISHES BACTERIAL
RED-MOUTH DISEASE HISTOPATHOGENESIS OF RAIN-
BOW TROUT (SALMON GAIRDNERI) . .3.0093
EFFICACY OF A POTENTIATED SULFONAMIDE AGAINST
FURUNCULOSIS INFECTIONS IN JUVENILE RAINBOW
TROUT AND COHO SALMON ...3.0125
Reproductive System
EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE IN
THE MOSQUITOFISH. GAMBUSIA AFFINIS ...1.0249
SUBLETHAL AMOUNTS OF ORGANIC INSECTICIDES AND
FISH ...1.0313
REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF FISH-EATING BIRDS IN
NORTHERN CALIFORNIA ...1.0320
Veterinary Microbiology
Detection
CHARACTERIZATION OF THE INFECTIOUS PANCREATIC
NECROSIS (IPN) VIRUS OF TROUT ...3.0031
DEVELOPMENT OF METHODS FOR RAPID IDENTIFICATION
OF BACTERIAL FISH PATHOGENS ...3.0097
DETECTION OF CARRIER CONDITION IN FURUNCULOSIS
...3.0098
ISOLATION AND FURTHER DESCRIPTION OF THE SPORES
OF MYXOSOMA CEREBRALIS ...3.0101
DIAGNOSIS OF DISEASES.IN FISH ...3.0107
DIAGNOSIS OF DISEASES IN WILDLIFE ...3.0134
INSECTS AS VECTORS OF DISEASES OF MILITARY IM-
PORTANCE IN ETHIOPIA THEIR ECOLOGY AND CONTROL
...4.0067
Infectious Disease
ARBOVIRUS STUDIES-HOUSTON AND THE TEXAS GULF
COAST ...2.0083
SWIMMER'S ITCH INTERMEDIATE HOSTS, DISTRIBUTION
AND ECOLOGY .2.0278
SWIMMER'S ITCH INTERMEDIATE HOST, DISTRIBUTION
AND ECOLOGY ...2.0279
TREATMENT OF WHIRLING DISEASE SPORES TO PRODUCE
INFECTIVE STATES OF THE ORGANISM ...3.0066
METHODS OF COLLECTING AND CONCENTRATING SPORES
TAKEN FROM INFECTED FISH ...3.0067
ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPORTANCE OF FILARIASIS IN
THAILAND ...4.0072
Septicemia
INSECTS AS VECTORS OF DISEASES OF MILITARY IM-
PORTANCE IN ETHIOPIA THEIR ECOLOGY AND CONTROL
...4.0067
Virulence and Pathogenicity
VIBRIO PARAHAEMOLYTICUS IN CHESAPEAKE BAY
ISOLATION, INCIDENCE AND PATHOGENICITY ...3.0026
PACIFIC OYSTER MORTALITY STUDIES ...3.0034
ORAL IMMUNIZATION OF HATCHERY-REARED SALMONIDS
RED MOUTH COMPARATIVE VACCINE STUDY ...3.0085
CONTROL OF VIBRIOSIS IN SALMON . .3.0117
AQUATIC MYXOBACTERIA, CHONDROCOCCUS COLUM-
NARIS AND OTHER FISH PATHOGENS ...3.0126
Veterinary Science
BIOLOGY ECOLOGY AND CONTROL OF INSECTS TICKS
AND MITES WHICH ATTACK LIVESTOCK, POULTRY AND
HOUSEHOLD ...2.0040
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF ARTHROPOD PESTS OF
LIVESTOCK ...2.0057
THE BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF ARTHROPODS AFFECT-
ING MAN AND ANIMALS ...2.0078
INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND DOMESTIC ANIMALS
...2.0087
INCIDENCE BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF FASCIOLA
HEPATICA IN THE SOUTHWEST ...2.0280
EPIZOOTIOLOGY OF PARASITIC DISEASES IN FISH POPULA-
TIONS UNDER INTENSIVE MANAGEMENT ...3.0001
INVESTIGATIONS OF AMEBIASIS IN FISH ...3.0014
2-171
465-868 0-72-22
-------
Veterinary Science
SUBJECT INDEX
COOPERATIVE FISH PARASITE AND DISEASE STUDY
..3.0015
EPIZOOTIOLOGY OF LEPTOSPIRES FISH SUSCEPTIBILITY
TO L. ICTEROHAEMORRHIGICA (ABBREV) ...3.0023
SURVEY OF ANIMAL DISEASES IN CONNECTICUT ...3.0024
DISEASES OF FISH .. 3.0025
CHARACTERIZATION OF THE INFECTIOUS PANCREATIC
NECROSIS (IPN) VIRUS OF TROUT ...3.0031
INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF SALMONID FISHES ...3.0049
BIOLOGY OF THE PROTOZOAN PARASITE CERATOMYXA
SHASTA ...3.0050
EPIDEMOLOGY OF 'SALMON POISONING4 DISEASE ...3.0054
IMPROVEMENT OF SALMON AND STEELHEAD TROUT
HATCHERY TECHNIQUES ...3.0059
DETERMINE IF SPORES OR INFECTIVE STAGES ARE SHED
FROM LIVING FISH ...3.0068
THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENTLY EXTRACTED ENDOTOXINS
FROM ESCHERICHIA COLI ON RAINBOW TROUT (SALMO
GAIRDNER1) ...3.0071
BACTERIAL AND VIRAL DISEASES AND CELL CULTURES
OF MARINE FISH AND SHELLFISH ...3.0074
A HISTOLOGIC STUDY OF MARINE FISH ...3.0076
NEOPLASMS OF SALMONID FISHES ...3.0094
DEVELOPMENT OF METHODS FOR RAPID IDENTIFICATION
OF BACTERIAL FISH PATHOGENS ...3.0097
DIAGNOSIS OF DISEASES IN FISH ...3.0107
CONTROL OF VIBRIOSIS IN SALMON ...3.0117
IN VIVO CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC STUDIES ON FISH
PATHOGENIC BACTERIA ...3.0121
TRANSMISSION OF ANAPLASMOSIS ...4.0032
CULTIVATION OF INSECT PHASE OF AVIAN PLASMODIA
.4.0036
BLUETONGUE TRANSMISSION BY SAND FLIES AND
MOSQUITOES ...4.0045
BIONOMICS OF MARYLAND MOSQUITOES ...4.0063
A STUDY IN INSECT TRANSMISSION OF ANAPLASMOSIS
...4.0064
MOSQUITOES AS VECTORS OF LIVESTOCK DISEASES
...4.0065
Viral and Rickettsial Studies
Assay
ARBOVIRUS STUDIES-HOUSTON AND THE TEXAS GULF
COAST ...2.0083
BIOLOGY, GENETICS, AND PHYSIOLOGY OF DISEASE VEC-
TORS ...4.0061
Characterization
VERTEBRATE DISEASES VIRAL DISEASES OF FRESH-
WATER FISHES AND OTHER LOWER VERTEBRATES
EGTVED VIRUS ...3.0104
Biological Properties
ARBOVIRUS STUDIES-HOUSTON AND THE TEXAS GULF
COAST ...2.0083
Chemical Properties
VIRAL PATHOGENS ...2.0035
Physical Properties
BIOLOGY OF MICROORGANISMS OF MOSQUITOES ...2.0022
VIRAL PATHOGENS ...2.0035
Classification
CYTOLOGY OF VIRAL NEOPLASMS OF FISH ...3.0045
ARTHROPOD-BORNE VIRUS (ARBOVIRUS) ACTIVITY IN
MAJOR MOSQUITO VECTORS IN IOWA ...4.0057
Concentration
BIOLOGY, GENETICS, AND PHYSIOLOGY OF DISEASE VEC-
TORS ...4.0061
ISOLATION OF VIRUSES FROM FISHES - INVESTIGATION OF
FISH EPIZOOTICS OF UNKNOWN ETIOLOGY FOR POSSI-
BLE VIRUS INVOLVEMENT ...3.0084
Detection & Diagnosis
DEVELOPMENT OF NEW FISH CELL LINES ...3.0008
COOPERATIVE FISH DISEASE PROJECT ...3.0009
Isolation
ARBOVIRUS STUDIES-HOUSTON AND THE TEXAS GULF
COAST ...2.0083
A CRITICAL TEST OF METHODS FOR ISOLATION OF
VIRUSES FOR USE IN CONTROL OF NUISANCE ALGAE
...2.0133
DETECTION OF CHANNEL CATFISH VIRUS (CCV) IN
BROODSTOCK ...3.0004
SUSCEPTIBILITY OF OTHER SPECIES OF CATFISHES TO CCV
AND THEIR POSSIBLE ROLE AS CARRIERS ...3.0007
COOPERATIVE FISH DISEASE PROJECT ...3.0009
COOPERATIVE FISH PARASITE AND DISEASE STUDY
...3.0015
ISOLATION OF VIRUSES FROM FISHES - INVESTIGATION OF
FISH EPIZOOTICS OF UNKNOWN ETIOLOGY FOR POSSI-
BLE VIRUS INVOLVEMENT ...3.0084
ECOLOGY AND CONTROL OF DISEASE VECTORS AND
RESERVOIRS ...4.0046
ARTHROPOD-BORNE VIRUS (ARBOVIRUS) ACTIVITY IN
MAJOR MOSQUITO VECTORS IN IOWA ...4.0057
INSECTS AS VECTORS OF DISEASES OF MILITARY IM-
PORTANCE IN ETHIOPIA THEIR ECOLOGY AND CONTROL
...4.0067
CALIFORNIA ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS IN WISCONSIN ..4.0075
Multiplication & Replication
CHANNEL CATFISH VIRUS REPLICATION CURVES IN IN-
TERNAL ORGANS AND ASSOCIATED PATHOLOGY
...3.0010
MULTIPLICATION OF ENTERIC VIRUSES IN SHELLFISH
.3.0069
Pathogenesis
Cytopathogenic Effect
Cytopathogenic Effect -nonspec
VIRAL PATHOGENS ...2.0035
ECOLOGY AND CONTROL OF DISEASE VECTORS AND
RESERVOIRS ...4.0046
Serology
VIRAL PATHOGENS ...2.0035
CHARACTERIZATION OF THE INFECTIOUS PANCREATIC
NECROSIS (IPN) VIRUS OF TROUT ...3.0031
ARTHROPOD-BORNE VIRUS (ARBOVIRUS) ACTIVITY IN
MAJOR MOSQUITO VECTORS IN IOWA ...4.0057
CALIFORNIA ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS IN WISCONSIN ...4.0075
Transmission
ARBOVIRUS STUDIES-HOUSTON AND THE TEXAS GULF
COAST ...2.0083
BLUETONGUE TRANSMISSION BY SAND FLIES AND
MOSQUITOES ...4.0045
ECOLOGY AND CONTROL OF DISEASE VECTORS AND
RESERVOIRS ...4.0046
ARTHROPOD-BORNE VIRUS (ARBOVIRUS) ACTIVITY IN
MAJOR MOSQUITO VECTORS IN IOWA ...4.0057
CALIFORNIA ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS IN WISCONSIN ...4.0075
Virulence
VERTEBRATE DISEASES VIRAL DISEASES OF FRESH-
WATER FISHES AND OTHER LOWER VERTEBRATES
EGTVED VIRUS ...3.0104
Virus - Host Specificity
A CRITICAL TEST OF METHODS FOR ISOLATION OF
VIRUSES FOR USE IN CONTROL OF NUISANCE ALGAE
..2.0133
CYTOLOGY OF VIRAL NEOPLASMS OF FISH ...3.0045
ECOLOGY AND CONTROL OF DISEASE VECTORS AND
RESERVOIRS ...4.0046
2-172
-------
SUBJECT INDEX
Viruses - Animal
Virus-like Particles
CYTOLOGY OF VIRAL NEOPLASMS OF FISH .3.0045
Virgin Islands
MOSQUITOES OF MIDDLE AMERICA ...4.0037
Virginia
ECOLOGY AND CONTROL OF DISEASE VECTORS AND
RESERVOIRS ...4.0046
Viruses - Animal
Animal Viruses -nonspecific
INVESTIGATION INTO RECREATIONAL WATER QUALITY
CRITERIA ...1.0116
AN INVESTIGATION INTO RECREATIONAL WATER QUALI-
TY CRITERIA ...1.0117
MOSQUITOES IN RELATION TO AGRICULTURAL PRODUC-
TION AND VETERINARY SCIENCE ...2.0062
Arboviruses
MOSQUITOES IN RELATION TO AGRICULTURAL PRODUC-
TION AND VETERINARY SCIENCE ...2.0062
ECOLOGY AND CONTROL OF DISEASE VECTORS AND
RESERVOIRS ...4.0046
ARTHROPOD-BORNE VIRUS (ARBOVIRUS) ACTIVITY IN
MAJOR MOSQUITO VECTORS IN IOWA ...4.0057
INSECTS AS VECTORS OF DISEASES OF MILITARY IM-
PORTANCE IN ETHIOPIA THEIR ECOLOGY AND CONTROL
...4.0067
California Encep Group
CALIFORNIA ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS IN WISCONSIN ...4.0075
Group A Arboviruses
ECOLOGY AND CONTROL OF DISEASE VECTORS AND
RESERVOIRS ...4.0046
BIONOMICS OF MARYLAND MOSQUITOES ...4.0063
Group B Arboviruses
ARBOVIRUS STUDIES-HOUSTON AND THE TEXAS GULF
COAST ...2.0083
ECOLOGY AND CONTROL OF DISEASE VECTORS AND
RESERVOIRS ...4.0046
BIOLOGY, GENETICS, AND PHYSIOLOGY OF DISEASE VEC-
TORS .4.0061
JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS ON GUAM ...4.0062
RESEARCH ON ARTHROPOD-BORNE DISEASES I ..4.0070
Hemorrhagic Fevers
RESEARCH ON ARTHROPOD-BORNE DISEASES 1 ..4.0070
Avian Leukosis
Lymphoid Leukosis
SURVEY OF ANIMAL DISEASES IN CONNECTICUT ...3.0024
DNA Viruses, Enveloped
Herpesvirus Group
SURVEY OF ANIMAL DISEASES IN CONNECTICUT ...3.0024
DNA Viruses, Naked
Papovaviruses
EPIDERMAL PAPILLOMAS ...3.0021
Picornaviruses
MULTIPLICATION OF ENTERIC VIRUSES IN SHELLFISH
...3.0069
RNA Viruses, Naked
Picornaviruses
CHARACTERIZATION OF THE INFECTIOUS PANCREATIC
NECROSIS (IPN) VIRUS OF TROUT .3.0031
Reoviruses
BLUETONGUE TRANSMISSION BY SAND FLIES AND
MOSQUITOES ...4.0045
OCCURRENCE AND BIONOMICS OF BLOODSUCKING
MIDGES (DIPTERA: CERATOPOGONIDAE) IN IOWA
4.0056
Viruses of Fish
DEVELOPMENT OF NEW FISH CELL LINES ...3.0008
COOPERATIVE FISH DISEASE PROJECT ...3.0009
PUBLICATION OF FISH VIRUS RESEARCH ...3.0017
CYTOLOGY OF VIRAL NEOPLASMS OF FISH ...3.0045
VIRAL DISEASES OF MARINE FISHES ...3.0061
BACTERIAL AND VIRAL DISEASES AND CELL CULTURES
OF MARINE FISH AND SHELLFISH ...3.0074
ISOLATION OF VIRUSES FROM FISHES INVESTIGATION OF
FISH EPIZOOTICS OF UNKNOWN ETIOLOGY FOR POSSI-
BLE VIRUS INVOLVEMENT ...3.0084
HISTOPATHOLOGY OF SALMONID FISHES
HISTOPATHOGENESIS OF CULTUS LAKE VIRUS DISEASE
...3.0092
HISTOPATHOLOGY OF SALMONID FISHES: DIAGNOSIS
..3.0095
VERTEBRATE DISEASES VIRAL DISEASES OF FRESH-
WATER FISHES AND OTHER LOWER VERTEBRATES
EGTVED VIRUS ...3.0104
Channel Catfish Virus
DETECTION OF CHANNEL CATFISH VIRUS (CCV) IN
BROODSTOCK ...3.0004
METHOD OF CONTROLLING MORTALITY IN CHANNEL
CATFISH DUE TO CCV INFECTION ...3.0005
EVALUATION OF THE INFLUENCE OF AGE AND SIZE OF
CHANNEL CATFISH ON THE INFECTIVITY OF CCV
...3.0006
SUSCEPTIBILITY OF OTHER SPECIES OF CATFISHES TO CCV
AND THEIR POSSIBLE ROLE AS CARRIERS ...3.0007
CHANNEL CATFISH VIRUS REPLICATION CURVES IN IN-
TERNAL ORGANS AND ASSOCIATED PATHOLOGY
...3.0010
Lymphocystis
PATHOLOGY RESEARCH ...3.0027
CYTOLOGY OF VIRAL NEOPLASMS OF FISH ...3.0045
Oncogenic
EPIDERMAL PAPILLOMAS ...3.0021
Sockeye Virus
HISTOPATHOLOGY OF SALMONID FISHES
HISTOPATHOGENESIS OF CULTUS LAKE VIRUS DISEASE
...3.0092
RELATIONSHIP OF TEMPERATURE TO DISEASES OF SAL-
MONID FISH ...3.0116
Viruses of Insects
TO CHARACTERIZE PATHOGENS OF MOSQUITOES ...2.0007
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF INSECTS AFFECTING MAN
...2.0027
VIRAL PATHOGENS ...2.0035
Inclusion Viruses
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF MOSQUITOES, SAND FLIES,
AND GNATS OF U.S. COAST ...2.0043
Insect Viruses -nonspecific
BIOLOGY OF MICROORGANISMS OF MOSQUITOES ...2.0022
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF MOSQUITOES, SAND FLIES,
AND GNATS FOR PUBLIC AND MILITARY PROGRAMS
...2.0033
FACTORS AFFECTING THE ROLE OF MICROORGANISMS IN
THE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF INSECT PESTS ...2.0053
Noninclusion Viruses
BIOLOGY OF MICROORGANISMS OF MOSQUITOES ..2.0022
INSECT RESISTANCE TO, AND THE GENETIC MECHANISM
OF CHEMICAL CONTROL AGENTS ..2.0029
Oncogenic
ENTOMOLOGY DEVELOPMENT OF A LIGHTWEIGHT TRAP
FOR COLLECTION OF MOSQUITOES FOR VIRUS ISOLA-
TION ...4.0071
2-173
-------
Viruses - Plant
SUBJECT INDEX
Viruses - Plant
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF WATER WEEDS WITH PLANT
PATHOGENS ...2.0121
A CRITICAL TEST OF METHODS FOR ISOLATION OF
VIRUSES FOR USE IN CONTROL OF NUISANCE ALGAE
...2.0133
THE EFFECT OF POLLUTION ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF LPP
PHYCO-VIRUSES IN RELATION TO POLLUTION OF THE
CHRISTINA RIVER ...4.0004
Vitamins
MASS MORTALITY OF PACIFIC OYSTERS ALONG THE
WASHINGTON COAST ...3.0082
Waste Disposal -general
NUTRIENT & WATER INPUTS & OUTGO FROM THE OR-
GANIC & MINERAL SOILS IN THE LAKE APOPKA AREA
...1.0029
NUTRIENT CONTROL PROJECT DETROIT LAKES, MIN-
NESOTA ...4.0015
Waste Water -other
HISTOPATHOLOGY OF LIVERS OF RAINBOW TROUT FED
RANCID PELLETS CONTAINING AFLATOXIN ...3.0081
Ascorbic Acid
EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION ON FISH DIS-
EASES EFFECT OF HEAT STRESS ON DISEASE RE-
SISTANCE MECHANISMS IN SALMONID FISHES ...3.0089
Carotene
TOXIC SUBSTANCES AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF
HYACINTHS AND OTHER WATER PLANTS ...4.0005
Thiamine
ATTRACTIVENESS AND REPELLENCY
MOSQUITO BITES 4.0041
OF MAN TO
Tocopherol
HISTOPATHOLOGY OF LIVERS OF RAINBOW TROUT FED
RANCID PELLETS CONTAINING AFLATOXIN ...3.0081
Volatility of Pesticides
INACTIVAT1ON AND LOSS OF PESTICIDES FROM SOIL
1.0002
INACTIVATION AND LOSS OF PESTICIDES FROM SOIL
1.0009
MOVEMENT OF CHLORINATED HYDROCARBON INSECTI-
CIDES IN SOILS ...1.0011
PESTICIDE MOBILITY AND DEGRADATION IN SOIL-WATER
SYSTEMS ...1.0013
VOLATILIZATION LOSSES OF PESTICIDES FROM SOILS
...1.0016
REACTIONS OF PESTICIDES WITH SOILS . .1.0020
REACTIONS OF PESTICIDES WITH SOILS IN RELATION TO
SOIL PRODUCTIVITY IN THE SOUTHWEST . .1.0021
CHLORINATED PESTICIDES IN THE SOIL-WATER-PLANT
SYSTEM AND THEIR MANAGEMENT TO AVOID POLLU-
TION ...1.0024
THE DISPOSITION OF PESTICIDES IN THE SOIL ...1.0030
PESTICIDES IN SOILS AND WATERS OF THE SOUTHERN
PIEDMONT ...1.0033
ROW LENGTH, GRADE AND DRAINAGE REQUIREMENTS OF
CROPS .1.0049
WATER AND SOIL POLLUTION BY FARM CHEMICALS IN
THE LOWER MISSISSIPPI DELTA ...1.0050
BEHAVIOR OF PESTICIDES AND POLLUTANTS IN SOIL,
WATER, AND PLANTS ...1.0053
CONTROL OF PESTICIDES IN SOIL AND WATER ...1.0054
MULTI-DISCIPLINARY RESEARCH IN POLLUTION ...1.0070
FACTORS INFLUENCING INSECTICIDE RESIDUES IN FOOD,
FORAGE AND OIL CROPS, AND SOIL ..1.0077
BEHAVIOR OF SPECIFIC HERBICIDES IN PLANTS AND SOILS
1.0081
HERBICIDE RESIDUES IN IRRIGATION WATER AND IN
CROPS AND SOILS IRRIGATED WITH TREATED WATER
...1.0107
OCCURRENCE OF PESTICIDES IN AQUATIC ENVIRON-
MENTS ...1.0219
Washington
POLLUTION EFFECTS ON GROUND WATER RECHARGE IN
HAWAII ...1.0036
WATERSHED ANALYSIS RELATING TO EUTROPHICATION
OF LAKE MICHIGAN ...1.0162
Waste Water Treatment
CHARACTERISTICS AND POLLUTIONAL PROBLEMS OF
PESTICIDE MANUFACTURING WASTES ...1.0093
DEVELOPMENT OF TREATMENT PROCESS FOR
CHLORINATED HYDROCARBON PESTICIDE MANUFAC-
TURING AND PROCESSING WASTES ...1.0118
DEEPWATER PILOT PLANT-ENGINEERING AND INTERCEP-
TOR FEASIBILITY ...1.0183
CHARACTERISTICS AND POLLUTIONAL PROBLEMS OF
PESTICIDE MANUFACTURING WASTES ...1.0210
ELECTROPHORETIC CLARIFICATION OF WATER ...1.0211
Adsorption & Absorption
POLLUTION EFFECTS ON GROUND WATER RECHARGE IN
HAWAII .1.0036
Biochemical Oxygen Demand
DEEPWATER PILOT PLANT-ENGINEERING AND INTERCEP-
TOR FEASIBILITY ...1.0183
DEEPWATER PILOT PLANT ENGINEERING AND INTERCEP-
TOR FEASIBILITY STUDY ...1.0184
QUANTIFICATION OF POLLUTANTS IN AGRICULTURAL RU-
NOFF 1.0204
MICROBIOLOGY OF FARM PONDS ...1.0220
EUTROPHICATION EFFECT OF FLOW AUGMENTATION
...2.0168
Biological Treatment
Activated Sludge
DEEPWATER PILOT PLANT-ENGINEERING AND INTERCEP-
TOR FEASIBILITY ..1.0183
Higher Plants
PHOTOCHEMICAL
...1.0115
METHODS FOR PURIFYING WATER
FOR PURIFYING WATER
EUTROPHICATION
2.0168
EFFECT OF FLOW AUGMENTATION
Chemical Oxygen Demand
PHOTOCHEMICAL METHODS
...1.0115
QUANTIFICATION OF POLLUTANTS IN AGRICULTURAL RU-
NOFF 1.0204
Chemical Treatment
DEEPWATER PILOT PLANT-ENGINEERING AND INTERCEP-
TOR FEASIBILITY ...1.0183
Pollutant Removal
Organics
DEEPWATER PILOT PLANT-ENGINEERING AND INTERCEP-
TOR FEASIBILITY ...1.0183
Pesticides
PHOTOCHEMICAL METHODS FOR PURIFYING WATER
...1.0115
DEVELOPMENT OF TREATMENT PROCESS FOR
CHLORINATED HYDROCARBON PESTICIDE MANUFAC-
TURING AND PROCESSING WASTES 10118
2-174
-------
SUBJECT INDEX
Water Depth, Water Levels
STUDY OF ELECTROHYDRAULIC WATER TREATMENT
PESTICIDES INPUTS AND LEVELS IN MINNESOTA WATERS
OF LAKE SUPERIOR BASIN ...1.0166
DEEPWATER PILOT PLANT-ENGINEERING AND INTERCEP-
TOR FEASIBILITY ...1.0183
CHARACTERISTICS AND POLLUTIONAL PROBLEMS OF
PESTICIDE MANUFACTURING WASTES ...1.0210
Radiation Treatment
PHOTOCHEMICAL METHODS FOR PURIFYING WATER
...1.0115
Sewage Testing
POLLUTION EFFECTS ON GROUND WATER RECHARGE IN
HAWAII ...1.0036
Sewage Treatment Plant
PESTICIDES INPUTS AND LEVELS IN MINNESOTA WATERS
OF LAKE SUPERIOR BASIN ...1.0166
Sludge Disposal
THE FACTOR CONTROLLING THE DYNAMICS OF NON-
IONIC SYNTHETIC ORGANIC CHEMICALS IN AQUATIC
ENVIRONMENTS ...1.0148
DEVELOPMENT OF FIELD METHODS IN SAMPLING WATER
FOR PESTICIDE ANALYSIS ...1.0173
GROUND AND SURFACE WATERS - POLLUTION ...1.0182
ELECTROPHORETIC CLARIFICATION OF WATER .1.0211
SOURCES OF QUALITY IMPAIRMENT OF SURFACE WATERS
1.0218
ATOMIC ABSORPTION ANALYSIS OF PHOSPHATES IN
WATER ...1.0227
CONSTRUCTION OF PESTICIDES DEGRADABLE BY NOR-
MAL MICROFLORA OF NATURAL WATERS AND SOILS
.1.0331
LAKE HURON CHEMICAL CONTROL ...2.0209
OCCURRENCE OF FILAMENTOUS SLIMES ORGANISMS
BELOW OUTFALLS ...4.0009
NUTRIENT DYNAMICS IN AN ARTIFICIALLY ENRICHED
LAKE ...4.002S
EUTROPHICATION OF SHELTERED BAYS IN A LARGE LAKE
...4.0029
NUTRIENT CONTROL PROJECT
NESOTA ...4.0015
Stage of Treatment
Secondary Treatment
DEEPWATER PILOT PLANT ENGINEERING AND INTERCEP-
TOR FEASIBILITY STUDY ...1.0184
Tertiary Treatment
PHOTOCHEMICAL METHODS FOR PURIFYING WATER
...1.0115
Waste Overflow
STUDY OF METHODS FOR REDUCING WATER POLLUTION
FROM STORM SEWER AND COMBINATION DISCHARGES
THROUGH DEFINED PUBLIC WORKS PRACTICES ...1.0142
Water Alkalinity
PROPERTIES OF TILE DRAINAGE WATER ...1.0045
QUALITY OF STORM WATER DRAINAGE FROM URBAN
LAND AREAS IN NORTH CAROLINA ...1.0187
AN EVALUATION OF WIDELY USED HERBICIDES ON
AQUATIC PLANTS, FISH AND FISH-FOOD ORGANISMS
..1.0343
EFFECT OF COPPER SULFATE ON AQUATIC WEEDS ...2.0108
PISCICIDE TOXICOLOGY OF THE CYPRINIDS IN EAST AND
WEST PAULINA LAKES ...2.0228
THE EFFECT OF POLLUTION ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF LPP
PHYCO-VIRUSES IN RELATION TO POLLUTION OF THE
CHRISTINA RIVER ...4.0004
AN INVESTIGATION OF THE CAUSES, EFFECTS, AND CON-
TROL OF EUTROPHICATION IN MAINE LAKES ...4.0011
REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY AND EARLY LIFE HISTORY OF
CYPRINIDS IN EAST AND PAULINA LAKES ...4.0083
Water Balance - Budget
EUTROPHICATION EFFECT OF FLOW AUGMENTATION
...2.0168
DETROIT LAKES, MiN Analysis and Detection
ORGANIC SUBSTANCES IN WATER ...1.0119
FLUORESCENT PROBES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEW
ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR WATER POLLUTION
...1.0137
RESEARCH INITIATION FATE OF SELECTED OR-
GANOPHOSPHATE AND CARBAMATE INSECTICIDES IN
SURFACE WATERS ...1.0146
THE EFFECTS OF HERBICIDES, PESTICIDES, AND FERTIL-
IZERS ON THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF WATER ...1.0177
CONCENTRATION AND ANALYSIS OF PESTICIDES AND
OTHER RECALCITRANT MOLECULES IN WATER SUP-
PLIES BY ULTRAFILTRATION ...1.0185
CHROMATOGRAPHIC CONCENTRATION OF PESTICIDES
FROM A LARGE MASS OF WATER ...1.0188
CHLORINATED ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS IN THE MIL-
WAUKEE RIVER ...1.0226
ATOMIC ABSORPTION ANALYSIS OF PHOSPHATES IN
WATER ...1.0227
THE FATE AND EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES IN THE AQUATIC
ENVIRONMENT OF THE FLATHEAD LAKE DRAINAGE
AREA ...1.0297
CORRELATION OF STRUCTURE VS. ACTIVITY OF POLLU-
TANTS OF FRESH WATER ...2.0290
MARINE PILING ANALYSIS ...2.0296
Oil Removal
MARINE PILING ANALYSIS ...2.0296
Salt
Water Chemistry
SORPTION AND MOVEMENT OF POLLUTED WATER IN SOIL
...1.0012
BEHAVIOR OF POLLUTANTS IN WATER ...1.0022
PROPERTIES OF TILE DRAINAGE WATER ...1.0045
STUDY OF ELECTROHYDRAULIC WATER TREATMENT
...1.0121
ESTUARINE ECOSYSTEMS ...1.0128
EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON ESTUARINE PRODUCTIVITY
...1.0133
SOILS. PESTICIDES AND THE QUALITY OF WATER ...1.0141
ENZYMES FOR ANALYSIS AND PURIFICATION OF SALINE
WATER SYSTEMS ...1.0153
ADSORPTION OF PESTICIDES FROM SEA WATER ...1.0159
Water Depth, Water Levels
WATER MANAGEMENT IN MOSQUITO IMPOUNDMENTS
..2.0064
FISH PRODUCTION AND GAME MANAGEMENT ON THE
IDLEWILD PLANTATION ...2.0142
WATERLEVEL MANAGEMENT ON IMPOUNDMENTS OF
LOW QUALITY SOILS ...2.0163
EUTROPHICATION PHYSICAL ECOLOGICAL CONTROL
..2.0171
BIOLOGICAL AND LIMNOLOGICAL INVENTORY OF SEVEN
FLOOD CONTROL RESERVOIRS IN THE STATE OF INDI-
ANA ...2.0199
IMPOUNDMENT EFFECTS ON WATER QUALITY AS
REFLECTED IN PARASITISM OF RESERVOIR BASSES
...3.0018
SALT WATER POND RESEARCH ...3.0073
POST-IMPROVEMENT LIMNOLOGICAL-ANALYSES AND
FISH-POPULATION EVALUATIONS OF CERTAIN STRIP-
MINE LAKES IN SOUTHEAST KANSAS ...4.0078
2-175
465-868 o - 72 - 23
-------
Water Depth, Water Levels
SUBJECT INDEX
GAME FISH REPRODUCTION AND ROUGH FISH PROBLEMS
IN ELEPHANT BUTTE LAKE ...4.0081
LAKE ONTARIO INTERIM COMPREHENSIVE FISHERIES
MANAGEMENT PLAN ...4.0082
Water Distribution Systems
INVESTIGATIONS OF ALGAE INHIBITING MATERIALS
...2.0106
Water Environment -other
EFFECT OF ENDRIN ON FISH AND THEIR ENVIRONMENT
UNDER CONTROLLED CONDITIONS ...1.0230
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF MIDGES, GNATS AND
MOSQUITOES ...2.0014
BIOLOGY AND WATER MANAGEMENT STUDIES FOR CON-
TROL OF LOUISIANA MOSQUITOES (RICE FIELDS)
...2.0044
BACTERIAL FLORA OF APPARENTLY HEALTHY STRIPED
BASS (ROCCUS SAXATILIS) & ITS CORRELATION WITH
THE BACTERIA OF THE HATCHERY WATER SUPPLY
...3.0046
ECOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF THE DEVELOPMENT AND
FEEDING HABITS OF SIMULIUM SPP. (BLACK FLIES)
...4.0069
Water Light Quality & Quantity
EFFECT OF ENDRIN ON FISH AND THEIR ENVIRONMENT
UNDER CONTROLLED CONDITIONS ...1.0230
PHYSIOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR OF LARVAE (PHYSIOECOLO-
GY OF SHELLFISH PROGRAM) ...1.0236
ALGAL FOODS OF SHELLFISH (MICROORGANISMS AFFECT-
ING SHELLFISH PROGRAM) ...1.0326
BIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL FACTORS INFLUENCING
THE DEVELOPMENT OF LARVAL MOSQUITO POPULA-
TIONS .2.0052
AQUATIC WEED CONTROL RESEARCH ...2.0100
BIOASSAY ...2.0211
RESEARCH IN LIMNOLOGY INTERRELATIONS OF
HYDROLOGY AND AQUATIC ECOLOGY ...4.0002
BIOLOGIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL OF EURASIAN
MILFOIL (MYR10PHYLLUM SPICATUM L.) IN CHES-
APEAKE BAY ...4.0012
THE ECOLOGY OF SELECTED SUBMERSED AQUATIC
WEEDS ...4.0014
ECOLOGY OF SELECTED SUBMERSED AQUATIC WEEDS
...4.0024
Water Management
QUALITY OF IRRIGATION RETURN FLOW ...1.0102
UPPER ST. JOHNS RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY, FLORIDA
...1.0134
FARM FISH POND MANAGEMENT ...1.0340
COORDINATION OF MOSQUITO CONTROL IN NEW JERSEY
...2.0061
EVALUATION OF MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON THE
STATE-OWNED WILDLIFE AREAS ...2.0103
HAUL SEINE STUDY ...2.0192
EXPERIMENTAL ESTABLISHMENT OF MONOSPECIFIC WAL-
LEYE POPULATIONS AS A MANAGEMENT MEASURE FOR
SMALL WARMWATER LAKES IN NORTHERN MINNESOTA
...2.0214
UTILIZATION AND MANAGEMENT OF COASTAL MARSHES
AND RESOURCES ...3.0029
Water Movement, Velocity
PATTERNS OF PESTICIDE CONTAMINATION OF WATER
...1.0039
PHYSIOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR OF LARVAE (PHYSIOECOLO-
GY OF SHELLFISH PROGRAM) ...1.0236
BIOCHEMICAL ECOLOGICAL RELATIONSHIPS OF PESTI-
CIDES AND THE BIO-CONSTITUENTS OF AQUATIC COM-
MUNITIES ...1.0342
ECOLOGY AND BIOCONTROL OF AQUATIC WEEDS IN THE
SOUTHEAST ...2.0117
CONTROL OF UNDESIRABLE AQUATIC VEGETATION IN
LAKE TANEYCOMO, MISSOURI ...2.0154
EUTROPH1CATION PHYSICAL ECOLOGICAL CONTROL
...2.0171
EFFECTS OF WATER EXCHANGE AND BLUE CRAB CON-
TROL ON SHRIMP PRODUCTION IN LOUISIANA SALT-
MARSH IMPOUNDMENTS ...2.0275
DISEASES OF FISH .3.0025
ETIOLOGY OF ESTUARINE FISH DISEASES ...3.0040
RELATIVE RESISTANCE OF SELECTIVELY BRED BROOK
AND BROWN TROUT FINGERLINGS TO FURUNCULOSIS
...3.0041
RESEARCH IN LIMNOLOGY INTERRELATIONS OF
HYDROLOGY AND AQUATIC ECOLOGY ...4.0002
EUTROPHICATION OF SHELTERED BAYS IN A LARGE LAKE
...4.0029
Water Pollution
FATE OF HARMFUL METALS IN SOIL AND WATER
SYSTEMS ..1.0003
PESTICIDE MOBILITY AND DEGRADATION IN SOIL-WATER
SYSTEMS ...1.0034
REDUCTION OF HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH RESIDUES OF
INSECTICIDAL CHEMICALS IN THE ENVIRONMENT
...1.0037
PATTERNS OF PESTICIDE CONTAMINATION OF WATER
...1.0039
INVESTIGATION INTO RECREATIONAL WATER QUALITY
CRITERIA ...1.0116
AN INVESTIGATION INTO RECREATIONAL WATER QUALI-
TY CRITERIA ...1.0117
EFFECTIVENESS OF IODINE FOR DISINFECTION OF PUBLIC
WATER SUPPLIES & TO DETERMINE PHYSIOLOGICAL EF-
FECTS ON A HUMAN POPULATION ...1.0126
PESTICIDE KINETICS .1.0127
ESTUARINE ECOSYSTEMS ...1.0128
CHEMICAL ANALYSES ...1.0129
RURAL RUNOFF CONTROL ...1.0135
STUDY OF METHODS FOR REDUCING WATER POLLUTION
FROM STORM SEWER AND COMBINATION DISCHARGES
THROUGH DEFINED PUBLIC WORKS PRACTICES ...1.0142
THE FATE OF SELECT PESTICIDES IN THE AQUATIC EN-
VIRONMENT ...1.0144
PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN KANSAS STREAMS ...1.0150
MONITORING OF PESTICIDE LEVELS IN THE GREAT LAKES
...1.0160
PESTICIDE MONITORING OF AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT,
MICHIGAN PORTION OF THE GREAT LAKES BASIN
...1.0163
PRESTICIDE INPUTS AND LEVELS IN MINNESOTA WATERS
OF THE LAKE SUPERIOR BASIN ...1.0167
A TISSUE ENZYME ASSAY FOR CHLORINATED HYDROCAR-
BON INSECTICIDES ...1.0168
MAYFLY DISTRIBUTION AS A WATER QUALITY INDEX
...1.0169
CHEMICAL AND SEDIMENT MOVEMENT FROM AGRICUL-
TURAL LAND INTO LAKE ERIE ...1.0191
TRANSFER OF PESTICIDES THROUGH SOILS, WATER, SEDI-
MENTS AND AQUATIC LIFE ...1.0202
EFFECTS OF WATER POLLUTION ON ZOOPLANKTON
...1.0207
CHARACTERISTICS AND POLLUTIONAL PROBLEMS OF
PESTICIDE MANUFACTURING WASTES ...1.0210
PESTICIDES AND MICROBIAL ECOLOGY OF LAKE CHAM
PLAIN ...1.0213
TERMINAL RESIDUES OF CHLORINATED HYDROCARBON
PESTICIDES IN LAKE MICHIGAN AND ASSOCIATED
TRIBUTARIES ...1.0222
EFFECT OF ENDRIN ON FISH AND THEIR ENVIRONMENT
UNDER CONTROLLED CONDITIONS ...1.0230
2-176
-------
SUBJECT INDEX
Water Quality -general
PRELIMINARY STUDIES ON ENDR1N AND OTHER PESTICIDE
UPTAKES BY FINGERLING CHANNEL CATFISH ...1.0231
PESTICIDES RESEARCH ...1.0232
EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON AQUATIC ANIMALS IN THE
ESTUARINE AND MARINE ENVIRONMENTS ...1.0234
PHYSIOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR OF LARVAE (PHYSIOECOLO-
GY OF SHELLFISH PROGRAM) ...1.0236
RESEARCH STUDY ON THE EFFECTS OF POLLUTION ON
SUB-TROPICAL FISH AND CRUSTACEANS ...1.0237
ENZYME SYSTEMS OF ESTUARINE ORGANISMS ...1.0239
LABORATORY BIOASSAYS ...1.0241
PHYSIOLOGY OF ESTUARINE ORGANISMS ...1.0242
CONTAMINATION OF CHANNEL CATFISH WITH DIELDRIN
FROM AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF .1.0247
ENZYME AND TISSUE ALTERATIONS IN FISH A MEASURE
OF WATER QUALITY ...1.0248
PESTICIDE CONTAMINATION OF ENVIRONMENT ...1.02SO
TOXICITY OF POLLUTANTS TO STRIPED BASS ...1.0251
THE EFFECTS OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES ON LARVAL AND
JUVENILE WINTER FLOUNDER IN THE WEWEANTIC
RIVER ESTUARY. MASSACHUSETTS ...1.0253
RATES OF PESTICIDE BUILDUP IN SALMONIDS RECENTLY
INTRODUCED IN THE GREAT LAKES ...1.0256
LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON AQUATIC INVER-
TEBRATES ...1.0258
PHYSIOLOGIC RESPONSE OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS TO
POLLUTANTS . .1.0260
TOXICITY OF SELECTED METALS TO CONDITIONED FISH
...1.0302
BIOCHEMICAL EFFECTS OF TOXIC CHEMICALS ...1.0303
EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION ON FISH DIS-
EASES ORGANOCHLOR1NE PESTICIDES AND DISEASE
RESISTANCE MECHANISMS OF RAINBOW TROUT ...1.0312
FISHERY RESOURCES PROGRAM ...1.0317
ALGAL FOODS OF SHELLFISH (MICROORGANISMS AFFECT-
ING SHELLFISH PROGRAM) ...1.0326
PESTICIDE MONITORING PROGRAM LAKE MICHIGAN AND
TRIBUTARIES IN ILLINOIS ...1.0328
STUDY OF CHRONIC TOXICITY OF LINDANE TO SELECTED
FRESHWATER FISHES AND FOOD CHAIN ORGANISMS
...1.0337
FARM FISH POND MANAGEMENT ...1.0340
BIOCHEMICAL ECOLOGICAL RELATIONSHIPS OF PESTI-
CIDES AND THE BIO-CONSTITUENTS OF AQUATIC COM-
MUNITIES ...1.0342
RESPIRATION RATES OF FISH-FOOD INVERTEBRATES EX-
POSED TO PESTICIDES ..1.0355
ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY OF PESTICIDES ...1.0361
CHEMICAL BIOCIDES IN LAKES ...1.0364
THE EFFECT OF PESTICIDES ON AN ECOSYSTEM ...1.0365
PESTICIDE LEVELS IN BIRDS WINTERING ON LAKE
MICHIGAN ...1.0367
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF PASTURE MOSQUITOES
...2.0008
AQUATIC PLANT CONTROL ...2.0128
THE INFLUENCE OF HERBICIDES USED ON HORTICUL-
TURAL CROPS ON STREAM ECOLOGY ...2.0150
RESPONSE OF PLANT COMMUNITIES TO SUSTAINED USE
OF HERBICIDES ...2.0161
INVESTIGATION OF AQUATIC WEED PROBLEMS AND
MEANS OF CONTROL, WITH EMPHASIS ON BRAZILIAN
WATERWEED ...2.0167
TRIBUTARY SURVEY OF LAKES ONTARIO AND ERIE
...2.0220
SWIMMER'S ITCH INTERMEDIATE HOST. DISTRIBUTION
AND ECOLOGY .2.0279
CORRELATION OF STRUCTURE VS. ACTIVITY OF POLLU-
TANTS OF FRESH WATER ...2.0290
COOPERATIVE FISH PARASITE AND DISEASE STUDY
...3.0015
DISEASES OF FISH ...3.0025
ETIOLOGY OF ESTUARINE FISH DISEASES ...3.0040
THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENTLY EXTRACTED ENDOTOXINS
FROM ESCHERICHIA COL1 ON RAINBOW TROUT (SALMO
GAIRDNER1) ...3.0071
EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION ON FISH DIS-
EASES EFFECT OF HEAT STRESS ON DISEASE RE-
SISTANCE MECHANISMS IN SALMONID FISHES ...3.0089
INTERACTIONS BETWEEN AQUATIC PLANTS AND SEWAGE
EFFLUENT ...4.0001
RELATIVE LEACHING RATES OF COMMON NITROGEN CAR-
RIERS FROM SANDY SOILS IN RELATION TO LAKE
EUTROPHICATION ...4.0006
NUTRIENT CONTROL PROJECT DETROIT LAKES. MIN-
NESOTA ...4.0015
PHYTOPLANKTON NUTRITION AND PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN
EUTROPHIC LAKES ...4.0016
A STUDY OF ALGAL POPULATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH DIF-
FERENT LEVELS OF WATER QUALITY IN NEW
HAMPSHIRE ...4.0018
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN WATER QUALITY AND PLANT
GROWTH IN PONDS ...4.0019
NUTRIENT DYNAMICS IN AN ARTIFICIALLY ENRICHED
LAKE ...4.0025
INFLUENCE OF SUSPENDED MICROSCOPIC SUBSTANCES
ON THE METABOLISM OF MICROORGANISMS RESPONSI-
BLE FOR BIOLOGICAL ENRICHMENT OF WATER ...4.0027
AQUATIC PLANTS OF POLLUTED WATERS IN
SOUTHWESTERN UNITED STATES ...4.0028
Water Pressure
EFFECT OF SUPERSATURATION OF DISSOLVED NITROGEN
ON MIGRATING SALMONIDS ...3.0083
Water Quality -general
INTERACTION OF FERTILIZERS WITH PESTICIDES AS RE-
LATED TO WATER QUALITY IN SOILS ...1.0008
PROPERTIES OF TILE DRAINAGE WATER ...1.0045
SOILS, PESTICIDES AND THE QUALITY OF WATER ...1.0065
INVESTIGATION INTO RECREATIONAL WATER QUALITY
CRITERIA ...1.0116
AN INVESTIGATION INTO RECREATIONAL WATER QUALI-
TY CRITERIA ...1.0117
QUALITY OF STORM WATER DRAINAGE FROM URBAN
LAND AREAS IN NORTH CAROLINA ...1.0187
QUANTIFICATION OF POLLUTANTS IN AGRICULTURAL RU-
NOFF ...1.0204
CHEMICAL, PHYSICAL, AND BIOLOGICAL DYNAMICS OF
NORTHERN PRAIRIE LAKES ...1.0205
INVESTIGATION OF RICE IRRIGATION RETURN FLOWS
TEXAS COASTAL PRAIRIE REGION ...1.0209
DISTRIBUTION OF ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDE
RESIDUES IN NATURAL WATERS AND SEDIMENTS
.1.0215
ARTIFICIAL SUBSTRATE SAMPLERS AS INDICATORS OF
WATER QUALITY ...1.0225
THE INFLUENCES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS ON
THE TOXICITY OF PESTICIDES ...1.0278
AQUATIC PEST CONTROL ...2.0112
SURVEY OF POND WEEDS AND PLANT SUCCESSION
...2.0127
THE EFFICACY OF NEW FORMULATIONS OF ANTIMYCIN IN
NATURAL LAKES AND STREAMS ...2.0246
L1MNOLOGICAL, ICHTHYOLOG1CAL, AND PARASITOLOG1-
CAL INVESTIGATIONS ON ARKANSAS RESERVOIRS IN
RELATION TO WATER QUALITY ...3.0019
RESEARCH IN LIMNOLOGY INTERRELATIONS OF
HYDROLOGY AND AQUATIC ECOLOGY ...4.0002
A STUDY OF ALGAL POPULATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH DIF-
FERENT LEVELS OF WATER QUALITY IN NEW
HAMPSHIRE ...4.0018
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN WATER QUALITY AND PLANT
GROWTH IN PONDS ...4.0019
ECOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF THE DEVELOPMENT AND
FEEDING HABITS OF SIMULIUM SPP. (BLACK FLIES)
...4.0069
2-177
-------
Water Quality Control-general SUBJECT INDEX
Water Quality Control-general
PESTICIDE POLLUTION OF FARMSTEAD WATER SUPPLIES
IN THE SOUTHEAST ...1.0032
PESTICIDE POLLUTION OF FARMSTEAD WATER SUPPLIES
IN THE NORTHEAST ...J.OOS2
QUALITY OF IRRIGATION RETURN FLOW ...1.0102
EVALUATION AND DEMONSTRATION OF IRRIGATION
METHODS AND PRACTICES TO REDUCE CONTAMINA-
TION IN IRRIGATION WASTE WATER ...1.0104
GREEN BAY RESEARCH PROGRAM ...1.0112
STUDY OF METHODS FOR REDUCING WATER POLLUTION
FROM STORM SEWER AND COMBINATION DISCHARGES
THROUGH DEFINED PUBLIC WORKS PRACTICES ...1.0142
RESEARCH INITIATION FATE OF SELECTED OR-
GANOPHOSPHATE AND CARBAMATE INSECTICIDES IN
SURFACE WATERS ...1.0146
EVALUATION OF PESTICIDE SOURCES AND LEVELS TRIBU-
TARY TO LAKES MICHIGAN AND SUPERIOR ...1.0221
ARTIFICIAL SUBSTRATE SAMPLERS AS INDICATORS OF
WATER QUALITY ...1.0225
EVALUATION OF SOME ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
CAUSING ALGAL BLOOMS ...2.016S
EUTROPHICATION EFFECT OF FLOW AUGMENTATION
...2.0168
EUTROPHICATION BIOLOGICAL CONTROL USING
GRAZERS ...2.0170
EUTROPHICATION PHYSICAL ECOLOGICAL CONTROL
..2.0171
IMPROVING SURFACE WATER CONDITIONS THROUGH
CONTROL AND DISPOSAL OF AQUATIC VEGETATION.
PHASE II ...2.0181
CHANGES IN WATER ENVIRONMENT RESULTING FROM
AQUATIC PLANT CONTROL ...2.0183
AN INVESTIGATION OF THE CAUSES, EFFECTS, AND CON-
TROL OF EUTROPHICATION IN MAINE LAKES ...4.0011
WATER QUALITY REQUIREMENTS OF AQUATIC INSECTS
...4.0066
Water Reuse
QUALITY OF IRRIGATION RETURN FLOW ...1.0102
INVESTIGATION OF RICE IRRIGATION RETURN FLOWS
TEXAS COASTAL PRAIRIE REGION ...1.0209
ALGACIDES FOR USE IN WATER RECLAMATION AND
REUSE SYSTEMS ...2.0177
Water Salinity
PREDICTING MINERAL QUALITY OF RETURN FLOW
WATER ...1.0122
ADSORPTION OF PESTICIDES FROM SEA WATER ...1.0159
RESEARCH STUDY ON THE EFFECTS OF POLLUTION ON
SUB-TROPICAL FISH AND CRUSTACEANS ...1.0237
BEHAVIOR OF ESTUARINE ANIMALS ...1.0240
ECOLOGICAL STUDIES OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT PRAC-
TICES ...1.0327
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF MOSQUITOES, SAND FLIES,
AND GNATS OF U.S. COAST ...2.0043
INFLUENCE OF PESTICIDES & OTHER HYDROCARBONS ON
GROWTH OF EURYTOLERANT MICROALGAE ...2.0148
NATURAL HISTORY OF PREDATORS AND COMPETITORS
(PREDATOR CONTROL PROGRAM) ...2.0271
EXPERIMENTS TO RE-ESTABLISH HISTORICAL OYSTER
SEED GROUNDS AND TO CONTROL THE SOUTHERN
OYSTER DRILL ...2.0274
OYSTER DISEASE MORTALITY ALONG THE CALIFORNIA
COAST ...3.0022
SHELLFISH MORTALITY - CHESAPEAKE BAY ...3.0033
ETIOLOGY OF ESTUARINE FISH DISEASES ...3.0040
AQUICULTURE, SALMON CULTURE - RESEARCH ...3.0053
MASS MORTALITY OF OYSTERS ALONG THE OREGON
COAST ...3.0060
SALT WATER POND RESEARCH ...3.0073
MASS MORTALITY OF PACIFIC OYSTERS ALONG THE
WASHINGTON COAST ...3.0082
MUCUS & FRESHWATER OSMOREGULATION IN
ANADROMOUS FISHES & RELATIONSHIPS TO MORTALI-
TIES IN THE ALEWIFE ...3.0106
CONTROL OF VIBRIOSIS IN SALMON ...3.0117
EXPERIMENTAL REARING OF SALMON AND STEELHEAD
IN BRACKISH WATER IMPOUNDMENTS ...3.0119
BIOLOGIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL OF EURASIAN
MILFOIL (MYRIOPHYLLUM SPICATUM L.) IN CHES-
APEAKE BAY ...4.0012
ANATOMICAL, PHYSIOLOGICAL AND ECOLOGICAL STU-
DIES ON MYRIOPHYLLUM SPICATIU ...4.0013
Water Standards & Baselines
INVESTIGATION INTO RECREATIONAL WATER QUALITY
CRITERIA ...1.0116
AN INVESTIGATION INTO RECREATIONAL WATER QUALI-
TY CRITERIA ...1.0117
PREDICTING MINERAL QUALITY OF
WATER ...1.0122
PESTICIDE KINETICS ...1.0127
RESEARCH INITIATION FATE OF
GANOPHOSPHATE AND CARBAMATE
SURFACE WATERS ...1.0146
THE FACTOR CONTROLLING THE DYNAMICS OF NON-
IONIC SYNTHETIC ORGANIC CHEMICALS IN AQUATIC
ENVIRONMENTS ...1.0148
A STUDY PROGRAM TO IDENTIFY PROBLEMS RELATED TO
OCEANIC ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY NORTH ATLAN-
TIC ...1.0158
SERVICES FOR THE QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF PESTI-
CIDES IN SEA WATER AND BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES ...1.0172
PESTICIDE MONITORING PROGRAM LAKE MICHIGAN AND
TRIBUTARIES IN ILLINOIS ...1.0328
DISTRIBUTION AND METABOLIC FATE OF INDUSTRIAL
POLLUTANTS AND PESTICIDES IN A MODEL AQUATIC
ECOSYSTEM ...1.0333
HERBICIDE RESIDUES ...2.0109
LAKE SUPERIOR PERIPHYTON IN RELATION TO WATER
QUALITY ...4.0017
RETURN FLOW
SELECTED OR-
INSECTICIDES IN
Water Table
ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLING
IN ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS ...1.0068
SOIL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND SOIL WATER MOVE-
MENT ...1.0072
NUTRIENT CONTROL PROJECT DETROIT LAKES, MIN-
NESOTA 4.0015
Water Wells
PESTICIDE POLLUTION OF FARMSTEAD WATER SUPPLIES
IN THE SOUTHEAST ...1.0032
PESTICIDE POLLUTION OF FARMSTEAD WATER SUPPLIES
IN THE NORTHEAST ...1.0052
MOVEMENT OF HERBICIDES OFF, INTO AND THROUGH
SOILS ...1.0071
FATE OF POLLUTANTS IN GROUND WATER ...1.0079
PRINCIPLES, FACILITIES AND SYSTEMS FOR GROUND
WATER RECHARGE-SOUTHERN PLAINS ...1.0094
GROUND AND SURFACE WATERS - POLLUTION ...1.0182
CONTAMINATION OF SURFACE AND GROUND WATER
WITH INSECTICIDES AND HERBICIDES APPLIED TO CUL-
TIVATED CROPS ...1.0189
PESTICIDE LEVELS IN WATER AND WILDLIFE OF REEL-
FOOT LAKE, TENNESSEE ...1.0208
Water Yield
WATER YIELD IN THE CHAPARRAL AND WOODLAND
ZONE OF THE SOUTHWEST ...1.0005
EFFECT OF USING RUNOFF WATER IN RECHARGE WELLS-
HIGH PLAINS AREA ...1.0100
2-178
-------
SUBJECT INDEX
Watersheds
Weed Control By
Wax, Paraffin
EFFECT OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES AND OTHER ORGANO-
TOXICANTS ON THE QUALITY OF SURFACE AND
GROUNDWATER RESOURCES ...1.0041
PESTICIDE MONITORING PROGRAM ...1.0156
MASSACHUSETTS PESTICIDE MONITORING STUDY ...1.0157
AN ECOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF STREAM EUTROPHICA-
TION ...1.0161
WATERSHED ANALYSIS RELATING TO EUTROPHICATION
OF LAKE MICHIGAN ...1.0162
PESTICIDES INPUTS AND LEVELS IN MINNESOTA WATERS
OF LAKE SUPERIOR BASIN ...1.0166
QUALITY OF STORM WATER DRAINAGE FROM URBAN
LAND AREAS IN NORTH CAROLINA ...1.0187
TRANSFER OF PESTICIDES THROUGH WATER, SEDIMENTS
AND AQUATIC LIFE ...1.0201
TRANSFER OF PESTICIDES THROUGH SOILS, WATER SEDI-
MENTS AND AQUATIC LIFE ...1.0202
Agricultural Watersheds
PESTICIDE MOBILITY AND DEGRADATION IN SOIL-WATER
SYSTEMS ...1.0013
NUTRIENT AND WATER INPUTS AND OUTGO FROM THE
ORGANIC AND MINERAL SOILS IN THE LAKE APOPKA
AREA ...1.0027
PROPERTIES OF TILE DRAINAGE WATER ...1.0045
REMOVAL OF CONTAMINANTS FROM RURAL WATER SUP-
PLIES ...1.0047
CHEMICAL CONTAMINANTS IN SOIL AND WATER RUNOFF
IN NEW ENGLAND ...1.0051
MOVEMENT OF HERBICIDES OFF, INTO AND THROUGH
SOILS ...1.0071
NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS, HERBICIDE MOVEMENT BY SOIL
WATER AND SOURCES OF CONTAMINATION ...1.0073
EFFECTS OF VEGETATIVE COVERS UPON RUNOFF FROM
PRINCIPAL SOILS OF WESTERN NORTH CAROLINA
...1.0074
EFFECT OF PESTICIDES ON THE QUALITY OF SURFACE
AND GROUND WATERS IN THE WESTERN GULF REGION
...1.0101
POLLUTION LOADS IN RUNOFF FROM SMALL AGRICUL-
TURAL WATERSHEDS ...1.0154
AN ECOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF STREAM EUTROPHICA-
TION ...1.0161
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SEDIMENTS
...1.0170
GROUND AND SURFACE WATERS - POLLUTION ...1.0182
CHEMICAL AND SEDIMENT MOVEMENT FROM AGRICUL-
TURAL LAND INTO LAKE ERIE ...1.0191
CHEMICAL AND SEDIMENT MOVEMENT FROM AGRICUL-
TURAL LAND INTO LAKE ERIE ...1.0192
QUANTIFICATION OF POLLUTANTS IN AGRICULTURAL RU-
NOFF ...1.0204
SOURCES OF QUALITY IMPAIRMENT OF SURFACE WATERS
...1.0218
THE INFLUENCE OF HERBICIDES USED ON HORTICUL-
TURAL CROPS ON STREAM ECOLOGY ...2.0150
Forest Watersheds
AN EVALUATION OF THE INSECTICIDE 'SEV1N' AS A
WATERSHED POLLUTANT ...1.0067
BEHAVIOR OF CHEMICALS INTRODUCED INTO THE
FOREST ENVIRONMENT AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE
ECOSYSTEM .1.0083
COORDINATION OF MOSQUITO CONTROL IN NEW JERSEY
...2.0061
Small Watersheds
WATER YIELD IN THE CHAPARRAL AND WOODLAND
ZONE OF THE SOUTHWEST ...1.0005
EFFECT OF AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS ON THE QUALITY
OF GROUND AND SURFACE WATERS ...1.0080
MOVEMENT OF INSECTICIDES IN SOIL AND WATER ...1.0098
POI LUTION LOADS IN RUNOFF FROM SMALL AGRICUL-
TURAL WATERSHEDS ..1.0154
EVALUATION OF EFFECTS OF SATURATED HYDROCAR-
BONS ON PRESERVATIVE QUALITY OF CREOSOTE
...2.0267
Weather - Physical Properties
ATMOSPHERIC CONSTITUENTS OF THE TERRESTRIAL-TYPE
PLANETS ...4.0007
Energy-radiation
Temperature
REDUCTION OF PESTICIDE RESIDUE HAZARDS ...1.0040
Humidity - Water Vapor
REDUCTION OF PESTICIDE RESIDUE HAZARDS ...1.0040
Weed Control By
Biocontrol
AQUATIC PLANT CONTROL BY HERBIVOROUS AMUR FISH
...2.0092
CHEMICAL CONTROL OF WEEDS IN PONDS ...2.0093
SEARCH FOR AND IMPORTATION OF INSECT ENEMIES OF
AQUATIC WEEDS ...2.0095
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF WEEDS ...2.0099
CONTROL OF WEEDS AND CERTAIN OTHER AQUATIC
PESTS IN THE PACIFIC SOUTHWEST ...2.0101
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF WEEDS ...2.0102
WEED CONTROL IN IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE SYSTEMS
...2.0104
ECOLOGY AND BIOCONTROL OF AQUATIC WEEDS IN THE
SOUTHEAST ...2.0117
SOUTHEASTERN BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF WEEDS IN-
VESTIGATIONS ...2.0120
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF WATER WEEDS WITH PLANT
PATHOGENS ...2.0121
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF WATER WEEDS WITH PLANT
PATHOGENS ...2.0122
MASS REARING OF MARISA CORNUARIETIS FOR BIOLOGI-
CAL CONTROL OF AQUATIC WEEDS IN EMPERATE
WATERS ...2.0124
THE PHYSIOLOGY AND CHEMICAL CONTROL OF AQUATIC
WEEDS IN THE SOUTHEAST ...2.0129
THE USE OF NUTRIA, WATER BOWL AND GRASS CARP FOR
THE CONTROL OF SUBMERGENT PLANTS ...2.0130
EXPERIMENTAL INTRODUCTION OF EXOTIC FRESHWATER
FISHES ...2.0131
AQUATIC WEED SUPPRESSION AND CONTROL IN LARGE
CANALS ...2.0132
A CRITICAL TEST OF METHODS FOR ISOLATION OF
VIRUSES FOR USE IN CONTROL OF NUISANCE ALGAE
...2.0133
NATURAL ENEMIES OF WITCHWEED, NUTSEDGE, AND
SEVERAL AQUATIC WEEDS IN INDIA ...2.0135
AQUATIC WEED CONTROL BY POND FISHES ...2.0139
INSECTS ON FOREIGN AQUATIC WEEDS IN LOUISIANA
...2.0144
INSECTS ASSOCIATED WITH AQUATIC WEED PESTS OF
FOREIGN ORIGIN ...2.0145
CONTROL OF EURASIAN MILFOIL ...2.0156
CONTROL AND UTILIZATION OF AQUATIC PLANTS ...2.0157
CONTROL OF WEEDS IN AQUATIC AND NONCROP AREAS
IN THE UPPER MISSOURI RIVER BASIN ...2.0160
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL TAMARISK AND OTHER
PHREATOPHYTES ...2.0164
EUTROPHICATION BIOLOGICAL CONTROL USING
GRAZERS ...2.0170
NATURAL ENEMIES OF EURASIAN WATERM1LFOIL IN
PAKISTAN ...2.0173
THE CRAYFISH (ORCONECTES CAUSEYI) AS A BIOLOGICAL
CONTROL OF AQUATIC VEGETATION ...2.0175
LYSIS OF BLUE-GREEN ALGAE BY BACTERIAL ENZYMES
AND THEIR POSSIBLE USE IN CONTROLLING ALGAL
BLOOMS ...2.0184
2-179
-------
Weed Control By ...
SUBJECT INDEX
METHODS FOR CONTROLLING ALLIGATORWEED AND
OTHER WEEDS IN CANALS, WATERWAYS, AND AD-
JACENT WATERS IN THE SOUTHEASTERN U. S. ...2.0186
NATURAL ENEMIES OF MYRIOPHYLLUM SP1CATUM IN YU-
GOSLAVIA ...2.0188
AN EVALUATION OF TECHNIQUES TO MANAGE SMALL IM-
POUNDMENTS IN OHIO ...2.0227
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF SNAILS AND SLUGS ...2.0269
THE EFFECT OF POLLUTION ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF LPP
PHYCO-VIRUSES IN RELATION TO POLLUTION OF THE
CHRISTINA RIVER ...4.0004
BIOLOGIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL OF EURASIAN
MILFOIL (MYRIOPHYLLUM SPICATUM L.) IN CHES-
APEAKE BAY ...4.0012
THE ECOLOGY OF SELECTED SUBMERSED AQUATIC
WEEDS ...4.0014
Chemcontrol
INACTIVATION AND LOSS OF PESTICIDES FROM SOIL
...1.0002
CONTROL METHODS FOR JUNIPERS, SHRUB LIVE OAK,
AND ASSOCIATED WEEDS ...1.0004
WATER YIELD IN THE CHAPARRAL AND WOODLAND
ZONE OF THE SOUTHWEST ...1.0005
INACTIVATION AND LOSS OF PESTICIDES FROM SOIL
...1.0009
EFFICIENCY AND HAZARDS OF RESIDUAL HERBICIDES IN
SOILS UNDER IRRIGATION. ...1.0010
INVESTIGATIONS OF RESIDUES IN WATER AND CROPS IR-
RIGATED WITH WATER CONTAINING HERBICIDES
...1.0015
RESPROUTING OF CHAPARRAL ...1.0017
CONTROL OF WEEDS IN AGRONOMIC AND VEGETABLE
CROPS WITH HERBICIDES ...1.0025
DISPOSITION OF PESTICIDES IN THE SOIL ...1.0031
HERBICIDE EQUILIBRIA OF LATOSOLIC SOIL ...1.0035
PESTICIDAL RESIDUES OF AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS
...1.0063
FATE AND PERSISTENCE OF PESTICIDES AND PHYSIOLOGI-
CALLY ACTIVE DEGRADATION PRODUCTS ...1.0089
BEHAVIOR OF SPECIFIC HERBICIDES IN PLANTS AND SOILS
...1.0091
PERSISTENCE AND MODES OF HERBICIDE DISSIPATION
UNDER RANGELAND CONDITIONS ...1.0096
QUALITY OF IRRIGATION RETURN FLOW ...1.0102
HERBICIDE RESIDUES IN IRRIGATION WATER AND IN
CROPS AND SOILS IRRIGATED WITH TREATED WATER
...1.0107
COOPERATIVE HERBICIDE MONITORING STUDY IN IRRIGA-
TION SYSTEMS ...1.0125
COMPARATIVE EFFECTS OF WEED COMPETITION, HERBI-
CIDES AND OTHER WEED CONTROL PRACTICES ON
PLANT RESPONSE ..1.0145
CONTAMINATION OF SURFACE AND GROUND WATER
WITH INSECTICIDES AND HERBICIDES APPLIED TO CUL-
TIVATED CROPS ...1.0189
DEVELOPMENT OF TILLAGE-REPLACING HERBICIDE
SYSTEMS ...1.0196
EFFECT OF HERBICIDES ON AN AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT
1.0228
EFFECT OF HERBICIDES ON AN AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT
...1.0319
FATE OF AQUATIC HERBICIDES IN THE AQUATIC EN-
VIRONMENT ...1.0329
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS OF PESTICIDE USAGE
..1.0334
FARM FISH POND MANAGEMENT ...1.0340
AN EVALUATION OF WIDELY USED HERBICIDES ON
AQUATIC PLANTS, FISH AND FISH-FOOD ORGANISMS
...1.0343
CHEMICAL CONTROL OF WEEDS IN PONDS ...2.0093
WEED CONTROL IN RICE PRODUCTION ...2.0097
WEED CONTROL IN RICE PRODUCTION ...2.0098
AQUATIC WEED CONTROL RESEARCH ...2.0100
CONTROL OF WEEDS AND CERTAIN OTHER AQUATIC
PESTS IN THE PACIFIC SOUTHWEST ...2.0101
WEED CONTROL IN IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE SYSTEMS
2.0104
PHYSIOLOGY, BIOCHEMISTRY AND CONTROL OF AQUATIC
WEEDS, CHEMISTRY OF HERBICIDES ...2.0105
AROMATIC SOLVENT AQUATIC HERBICIDES AND EMULSI-
FYING AGENT TESTING ...2.0107
EFFECT OF COPPER SULFATE ON AQUATIC WEEDS ...2.0108
HERBICIDE RESIDUES ...2.0109
GROWTH SUPPRESSION AND REDUCTION IN REGROWTH
POTENTIAL OF AQUATIC WEEDS ...2.0110
LABORATORY STUDY OF AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTAL FAC-
TORS AND PLANT GROWTH STAGES ON AQUATIC WEED
GROWTH AND HERBICIDAL RESPONSE ...2.0111
CONTROL OF AQUATIC WEEDS ...2.0113
CHEMICAL CONTROL OF DITCHBANK WEEDS IN PEAT AND
SANDY SOIL AREAS OF SOUTH FLORIDA ...2.0114
BASIC PHYSIOLOGY OF AQUATIC WEEDS IN THE
SOUTHEAST ..2.0115
EVALUATION OF HERBICIDES FOR CONTROL OF AQUATIC
WEEDS ...2.0116
ECOLOGY AND BIOCONTROL OF AQUATIC WEEDS IN THE
SOUTHEAST ...2.0117
THE PHYSIOLOGY AND CHEMICAL CONTROL OF AQUATIC
WEEDS IN THE SOUTHEAST ...2.0118
WEED CONTROL IN CITRICULTURE ...2.0123
TESTING OF NEW HERBICIDES ...2.0125
TESTING OF METHODS OF HERBICIDE APPLICATION
...2.0126
AQUATIC PLANT CONTROL ...2.0128
THE PHYSIOLOGY AND CHEMICAL CONTROL OF AQUATIC
WEEDS IN THE SOUTHEAST ...2.0129
AQUATIC WEED SUPPRESSION AND CONTROL IN LARGE
CANALS ...2.0132
GROWTH REGULATORS AND MINERAL NUTRITION IN
AQUATIC PLANT CONTROL ...2.0134
DETERMINATION OF THE EFFECTS OF A FERTILIZER-IN-
DUCED PLANKTON TURBIDITY, SUPPLEMENTED BY HER-
BICIDES, ON SUBMERGED AQUATIC PLANTS ...2.0137
USE OF CHEMICALS ON RICE ...2.0140
FOREST AND FARM GAME HABITAT; FISH POND ...2.0143
EXPANDED AQUATIC PLANT CONTROL PROJECT ...2.0146
AQUATIC PLANT CONTROL EQUIPMENT FOR MECHANI-
CAL AND CHEMICAL DESTRUCTION ...2.0147
DEVELOP A SELECTIVE ALGACIDE TO CONTROL
NUISANCE ALGAL GROWTH ...2.0151
EVALUATION OF POND CONDITIONS FOLLOWING FER-
TILIZATION ...2.0153
CONTROL OF UNDESIRABLE AQUATIC VEGETATION IN
LAKE TANEYCOMO, MISSOURI ...2.0154
CONTROL OF UNDESIRABLE AQUATIC VEGETATION
...2.0155
CONTROL OF EURASIAN MILFOIL ...2.0156
CONTROL OF CANADA THISTLE AND WATER WEEDS
...2.0158
STUDIES IN SOILS, CROPS, WATER MANAGEMENT AND
WEED CONTROL UNDER IRRIGATED CONDITIONS
...2.0159
CONTROL OF WEEDS IN AQUATIC AND NONCROP AREAS
IN THE UPPER MISSOURI RIVER BASIN ...2.0160
RESPONSE OF PLANT COMMUNITIES TO SUSTAINED USE
OF HERBICIDES ...2.0161
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF AQUATIC WEEDS ...2.0162
WATERLEVEL MANAGEMENT ON IMPOUNDMENTS OF
LOW QUALITY SOILS ...2.0163
FACTORS CONTROLLING THE GROWTH OF THE AQUATIC
WEED SALVINIA ...2.0166
INVESTIGATION OF AQUATIC WEED PROBLEMS AND
MEANS OF CONTROL, WITH EMPHASIS ON BRAZILIAN
WATERWEED .2.0167
WEED CONTROL IN RICE FIELDS AND PASTURE LANDS IN
THE GULF COAST AREA ...2.0176
CONTROL OF WEEDS IN AQUATIC AND NONCROP AREAS
IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST ...2.0178
LYSIS OF BLUE-GREEN ALGAE BY BACTERIAL ENZYMES
AND THEIR POSSIBLE USE IN CONTROLLING ALGAL
BLOOMS ...2.0184
CHEMICAL CONTROL OF AQUATIC WEED NUISANCES
...2.0185
2-180
-------
SUBJECT INDEX
Weed Control of ...
METHODS FOR CONTROLLING ALLIGATORWEED AND
OTHER WEEDS IN CANALS, WATERWAYS. AND AD-
JACENT WATERS IN THE SOUTHEASTERN U. S ..2.0186
CONTROL OF AQUATIC AND NONCROPLAND WEEDS IN
WYOMING, COLORADO, AND NEBRASKA ...2.0187
LIFE CYCLES OF ROTTBELL1A EXALTATA AND AM-
PHIBROMUS SCABRIVALVIS AND DEVELOPMENT OF
CONTROL MEASURES ...4.0010
THE ECOLOGY OF SELECTED SUBMERSED AQUATIC
WEEDS ...4.0020
Control Methods -nonspecific
DYNAMICS OF ALGAE POPULATIONS IN FARM FISH PONDS
...2.0094
EVALUATION OF MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON THE
STATE-OWNED WILDLIFE AREAS ...2.0103
Cultural Control
COMPARATIVE EFFECTS OF WEED COMPETITION, HERBI-
CIDES AND OTHER WEED CONTROL PRACTICES ON
PLANT RESPONSE ...1.0145
AN EVALUATION OF WIDELY USED HERBICIDES ON
AQUATIC PLANTS, FISH AND FISH-FOOD ORGANISMS
...1.0343
DETERMINATION OF THE EFFECTS OF A FERTILIZER IN-
DUCED PLANKTON TURBIDITY, SUPPLEMENTED BY HER-
BICIDES, ON SUBMERGED AQUATIC PLANTS ...2.0137
EVALUATION OF POND CONDITIONS FOLLOWING FER-
TILIZATION ...2.0153
WATERLEVEL MANAGEMENT ON IMPOUNDMENTS OF
LOW QU.4LITY SOILS ...2.0163
EUTROPHICATION EFFECT OF WEED HARVESTING
...2.01651
EUTROi'HICAItON BIOLOGICAL CONTROL USING
GRAZKRS ...2.0170
EUTROFHICATION PHYSICAL ECOLOGICAL CONTROL
...2.0171
THE ROLE OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF
NUISANCE GROWTHS ...2.0174
WEED CONTROL IN RICE FIELDS AND PASTURE LANDS IN
THE GULF COAST AREA ...2.0176
EUTROPHICATION OF IOWA LAKES AND STREAMS ...4.0008
LIFE CYCLES OF ROTTBELLIA EXALTATA AND AM-
PHIBROMUS SCABRIVALVIS AND DEVELOPMENT OF
CONTROL MEASURES . 4.0010
TISSUE ANALYSIS FOR NUTRIENT ASSAY OF NATURAL
WATERS ...4.0030
Integrated Control Measures
FOREST AND FARM GAME HABITAT; FISH POND ...2.0143
Physical Control
CONTROL OF AQUATIC WEEDS BY USE OF N2-CO2-HE
LASER SYSTEMS ...2.0091
EFFECT OF ULTRASONIC ENERGY ON AQUATIC PLANTS
2.0096
WEED CONTROL IN RICE PRODUCTION ..2.0097
WEED CONTROL IN IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE SYSTEMS
...2.0104
THE USE OF FLAME FOR CONTROLLING WEEDS AND
BRUSH ...2.0136
AQUATIC PLANT CONTROL EQUIPMENT FOR MECHANI-
CAL AND CHEMICAL DESTRUCTION ...2.0147
ALGAE CONTROL BY ARTIFICIAL MIXING IN LAKE
COCHITUATE . .2.0149
ALLEVIATION OF LAKE POLLUTION BY UTILIZATION OF
AQUATIC PLANTS FOR NUTRITIONAL. MEDICINAL OR IN-
DUSTRIAL PURPOSES ...2.0152
EUTROPHICATION EFFECT OF FLOW AUGMENTATION
...2.0168
WEED CONTROL IN RICE FIELDS AND PASTURE LANDS IN
THE GULF COAST AREA ...2.0176
CONTROL OF WEEDS IN AQUATIC AND NONCROP AREAS
IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST ...2.0178
IMPROVING SURFACE WATER CONDITIONS THROUGH
CONTROL AND DISPOSAL OF AQUATIC VEGETATION,
PHASE II ..2.0181
IMPROVING SURFACE WATER CONDITIONS THROUGH
CONTROL AND DISPOSAL OF AQUATIC VEGETATION
...2.0182
CHANGES IN WATER ENVIRONMENT RESULTING FROM
AQUATIC PLANT CONTROL ...2.0183
NUTRIENT CONTROL PROJECT DETROIT LAKES MIN-
NESOTA ...4.0015
ECOLOGY OF SELECTED SUBMERSED AQUATIC WEEDS
..4.0024
Weed Control of ...
Aquatic Plants
Algae
PESTICIDE RESIDUES ON ARIZONA CROPS ...1.0007
CHEMICAL CONTROL OF WEEDS IN PONDS ...2.0093
DYNAMICS OF ALGAE POPULATIONS IN FARM FISH PONDS
...2.0094
INVESTIGATIONS OF ALGAE INHIBITING MATERIALS
...2.0106
EFFECT OF COPPER SULFATE ON AQUATIC WEEDS .2.0108
AQUATIC PEST CONTROL ...2.0112
A CRITICAL TEST OF METHODS FOR ISOLATION OF
VIRUSES FOR USE IN CONTROL OF NUISANCE ALGAE
...2.0133
A STUDY OF INHIBITORY COMPOUNDS PRODUCED BY
FRESH-WATER ALGAE ...2.0138
AQUATIC WEED CONTROL BY POND FISHES ...2.0139
INFLUENCE OF PESTICIDES & OTHER HYDROCARBONS ON
GROWTH OF EURYTOLERANT MICROALGAE ...2.0148
ALGAE CONTROL BY ARTIFICIAL MIXING IN LAKE
COCHITUATE ...2.0149
DEVELOP A SELECTIVE ALGACIDE TO CONTROL
NUISANCE ALGAL GROWTH ...2.0151
EVALUATION OF POND CONDITIONS FOLLOWING FER-
TILIZATION ...2.0153
EVALUATION OF SOME ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
CAUSING ALGAL BLOOMS ...2.0165
EUTROPHICATION EFFECT OF FLOW AUGMENTATION
...2.0168
EUTROPHICATION BIOLOGICAL CONTROL USING
GRAZERS ...2.0170
EUTROPHICATION PHYSICAL ECOLOGICAL CONTROL
...2.0171
EUTROPHICATION PILOT OPERATIONS ...2.0172
THE ROLE OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF
NUISANCE GROWTHS ...2.0174
ALGACIDES FOR USE IN WATER RECLAMATION AND
REUSE SYSTEMS ...2.0177
NUISANCE ALGAL GROWTH RELATED TO ENVIRONMEN-
TAL FACTORS ...2.0180
LYSIS OF BLUE-GREEN ALGAE BY BACTERIAL ENZYMES
AND THEIR POSSIBLE USE IN CONTROLLING ALGAL
BLOOMS ..2.0184
RESEARCH IN LIMNOLOGY INTERRELATIONS OF
HYDROLOGY AND AQUATIC ECOLOGY ...4.0002
FIELD INVESTIGATION OF THE SUBMERSED AQUATIC EN-
VIRONMENT ...4.0003
THE EFFECT OF POLLUTION ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF LPP
PHYCO-VIRUSES IN RELATION TO POLLUTION OF THE
CHRISTINA RIVER ...4.0004
EUTROPHICATION OF IOWA LAKES AND STREAMS ...4.0008
OCCURRENCE OF FILAMENTOUS SLIMES ORGANISMS
BELOW OUTFALLS ...4.0009
AN INVESTIGATION OF THE CAUSES, EFFECTS, AND CON-
TROL OF EUTROPHICATION IN MAINE LAKES ...4.0011
NUTRIENT CONTROL PROJECT DETROIT LAKES, MIN-
NESOTA ...4.0015
PHYTOPLANKTON NUTRITION AND PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN
EUTROPHIC LAKES ...4.0016
A STUDY OF ALGAL POPULATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH DIF-
FERENT LEVELS OF WATER QUALITY IN NEW
HAMPSHIRE ...4.0018
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN WATER QUALITY AND PLANT
GROWTH IN PONDS ...4.0019
2-181
-------
Weed Control of ...
SUBJECT INDEX
A PROPOSAL TO STUDY PHOSPHATE INDUCED ALGAL
GROWTH IN ORDER TO SUPPRESS OR ELIMINATE THIS
PHENOMENA ...4.0021
STUDIES IN PHYSIOLOGY ECOLOGY AND LIFE HISTORIES
OF ALGAE ...4.0022
EFFECTS OF EUTROPHICATION ON AQUATIC VEGETATION
PHASE II ...4.0023
ECOLOGY OF SELECTED SUBMERSED AQUATIC WEEDS
...4.0024
Aquatic Vegetation -ns
IMPROVING WATER QUALITY BY REMOVAL OF PESTICIDE
POLLUTANTS WITH AQUATIC PLANTS ...1.0216
FATE OF AQUATIC HERBICIDES IN THE AQUATIC EN-
VIRONMENT ...1.0329
FARM FISH POND MANAGEMENT ...1.0340
DETERMINATION OF DIGESTION RATES FOR TROUT
...1.0346
CONTROL OF WEEDS AND CERTAIN OTHER AQUATIC
PESTS IN THE PACIFIC SOUTHWEST ...2.0101
EFFECT OF COPPER SULFATE ON AQUATIC WEEDS ...2.0108
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF WATER WEEDS WITH PLANT
PATHOGENS ...2.0121
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF WATER WEEDS WITH PLANT
PATHOGENS ...2.0122
TESTING OF NEW HERBICIDES ...2.0125
TESTING OF METHODS OF HERBICIDE APPLICATION
...2.0126
SURVEY OF POND WEEDS AND PLANT SUCCESSION
...2.0127
EXPERIMENTAL INTRODUCTION OF EXOTIC FRESHWATER
FISHES ...2.0131
AQUATIC WEED SUPPRESSION AND CONTROL IN LARGE
CANALS ...2.0132
USE OF CHEMICALS ON RICE ...2.0140
FISH PRODUCTION AND GAME MANAGEMENT ON THE
IDLEWILD PLANTATION ...2.0142
AQUATIC PLANT CONTROL EQUIPMENT FOR MECHANI-
CAL AND CHEMICAL DESTRUCTION ...2.0147
ALLEVIATION OF LAKE POLLUTION BY UTILIZATION OF
AQUATIC PLANTS FOR NUTRITIONAL, MEDICINAL OR IN-
DUSTRIAL PURPOSES ...2.0152
CONTROL AND UTILIZATION OF AQUATIC PLANTS ...2.0157
THE CRAYFISH (ORCONECTES CAUSEYI) AS A BIOLOGICAL
CONTROL OF AQUATIC VEGETATION ...2.0175
WEED CONTROL IN IRRIGATED HORTICULTURAL CROPS
IN WASHINGTON ...2.0179
IMPROVING SURFACE WATER CONDITIONS THROUGH
CONTROL AND DISPOSAL OF AQUATIC VEGETATION
...2.0182
AN EVALUATION OF TECHNIQUES TO MANAGE SMALL IM-
POUNDMENTS IN OHIO ...2.0227
RELATIVE LEACHING RATES OF COMMON NITROGEN CAR-
RIERS FROM SANDY SOILS IN RELATION TO LAKE
EUTROPHICATION ...4.0006
AQUATIC PLANTS OF POLLUTED WATERS IN
SOUTHWESTERN UNITED STATES ...4.0028
ECOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF THE DEVELOPMENT AND
FEEDING HABITS OF SIMULIUM SPP. (BLACK FLIES)
...4.0069
Vascular Plants
PESTICIDE RESIDUES ON ARIZONA CROPS ...1.0007
QUALITY OF IRRIGATION RETURN FLOW ...1.0102
COOPERATIVE HERBICIDE MONITORING STUDY IN IRRIGA-
TION SYSTEMS ...1.0125
EFFECT OF HERBICIDES ON AN AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT
...1.0228
EFFECT OF HERBICIDES ON AN AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT
1.0319
AN EVALUATION OF WIDELY USED HERBICIDES ON
AQUATIC PLANTS. FISH AND FISH-FOOD ORGANISMS
.1.0343
CONTROL OF AQUATIC WEEDS BY USE OF N2-CO2-HE
LASER SYSTEMS ...2.0091
AQUATIC PLANT CONTROL BY HERBIVOROUS AMUR FISH
...2.0092
CHEMICAL CONTROL OF WEEDS IN PONDS ...2.0093
SEARCH FOR AND IMPORTATION OF INSECT ENEMIES OF
AQUATIC WEEDS ...2.0095
EFFECT OF ULTRASONIC ENERGY ON AQUATIC PLANTS
...2.0096
WEED CONTROL IN RICE PRODUCTION ...2.0097
WEED CONTROL IN RICE PRODUCTION ...2.0098
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF WEEDS ...2.0099
AQUATIC WEED CONTROL RESEARCH ...2.0100
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF WEEDS ...2.0102
EVALUATION OF MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON THE
STATE-OWNED WILDLIFE AREAS ...2.0103
WEED CONTROL IN IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE SYSTEMS
...2.0104
PHYSIOLOGY, BIOCHEMISTRY AND CONTROL OF AQUATIC
WEEDS, CHEMISTRY OF HERBICIDES ...2.0105
AROMATIC SOLVENT AQUATIC HERBICIDES AND EMULSI-
FYING AGENT TESTING ...2.0107
HERBICIDE RESIDUES ...2.0109
GROWTH SUPPRESSION AND REDUCTION IN REGROWTH
POTENTIAL OF AQUATIC WEEDS ...2.0110
LABORATORY STUDY OF AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTAL FAC-
TORS AND PLANT GROWTH STAGES ON AQUATIC WEED
GROWTH AND HERBICIDAL RESPONSE ...2.0111
AQUATIC PEST CONTROL ...2.0112
CONTROL OF AQUATIC WEEDS ...2.0113
CHEMICAL CONTROL OF DITCHBANK WEEDS IN PEAT AND
SANDY SOIL AREAS OF SOUTH FLORIDA ...2.0114
BASIC PHYSIOLOGY OF AQUATIC WEEDS IN THE
SOUTHEAST ...2.0115
EVALUATION OF HERBICIDES FOR CONTROL OF AQUATIC
WEEDS ...2.0116
ECOLOGY AND BIOCONTROL OF AQUATIC WEEDS IN THE
SOUTHEAST ...2.0117
THE PHYSIOLOGY AND CHEMICAL CONTROL OF AQUATIC
WEEDS IN THE SOUTHEAST ...2.0118
PROCESSING, CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, AND NUTRITIVE
VALUE OF AQUATIC WEEDS ...2.0119
SOUTHEASTERN BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF WEEDS IN-
VESTIGATIONS ...2.0120
WEED CONTROL IN CITRICULTURE ...2.0123
MASS REARING OF MARISA CORNUARIETIS FOR BIOLOGI-
CAL CONTROL OF AQUATIC WEEDS IN EMPERATE
WATERS ...2.0124
AQUATIC PLANT CONTROL ...2.0128
THE PHYSIOLOGY AND CHEMICAL CONTROL OF AQUATIC
WEEDS IN THE SOUTHEAST ...2.0129
THE USE OF NUTRIA, WATER BOWL AND GRASS CARP FOR
THE CONTROL OF SUBMERGENT PLANTS ...2.0130
GROWTH REGULATORS AND MINERAL NUTRITION IN
AQUATIC PLANT CONTROL ...2.0134
NATURAL ENEMIES OF WITCHWEED, NUTSEDGE, AND
SEVERAL AQUATIC WEEDS IN INDIA ...2.0135
THE USE OF FLAME FOR CONTROLLING WEEDS AND
BRUSH ...2.0136
DETERMINATION OF THE EFFECTS OF A FERTILIZER-IN-
DUCED PLANKTON TURBIDITY, SUPPLEMENTED BY HER-
BICIDES, ON SUBMERGED AQUATIC PLANTS ...2.0137
AQUATIC WEED CONTROL BY POND FISHES ...2.0139
FACTORS INFLUENCING OCCURRENCE OF SELECTED
AQUATIC PLANTS IN RICE FIELDS ...2.0141
FOREST AND FARM GAME HABITAT; FISH POND ...2.0143
INSECTS ON FOREIGN AQUATIC WEEDS IN LOUISIANA
...2.0144
INSECTS ASSOCIATED WITH AQUATIC WEED PESTS OF
FOREIGN ORIGIN ...2.0145
EXPANDED AQUATIC PLANT CONTROL PROJECT ...2.0146
CONTROL OF UNDESIRABLE AQUATIC VEGETATION IN
LAKE TANEYCOMO, MISSOURI ...2.0154
CONTROL OF UNDESIRABLE AQUATIC VEGETATION
...2.0155
CONTROL OF EURASIAN MILFOIL ...2.0156
CONTROL OF CANADA THISTLE AND WATER WEEDS
...2.0158
STUDIES IN SOILS, CROPS, WATER MANAGEMENT AND
WEED CONTROL UNDER IRRIGATED CONDITIONS
...2.0159
2-182
-------
SUBJECT INDEX
Weed Contron in ...
°?NTHELIJW,:WEEDS IN AQUATIC AND NONCROP AREAS
IN THE UPPER MISSOURI RIVER BASIN ...2.0160
O SUSTAINED USE
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF AQUATIC WEEDS ...2.0162
WAJ«RiE,XEt^ MANAGEMENT ON IMPOUNDMENTS OF
LOW QUALITY SOILS ...2.0163
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL TAMARISK AND OTHER
PHREATOPHYTES . .2.0164
FACTORS CONTROLLING THE GROWTH OF THE AQUATIC
WEED SALVINIA ...2.0166
INVESTIGATION OF AQUATIC WEED PROBLEMS AND
MEANS OF CONTROL, WITH EMPHASIS ON BRAZILIAN
WATERWEED ...2.0167
EUTROPHICATION EFFECT OF WEED HARVESTING
...2.0169
NATURAL ENEMIES OF EURASIAN WATERMILFOIL IN
PAKISTAN ...2.0173
CONTROL OF WEEDS IN AQUATIC AND NONCROP AREAS
IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST ...2.0178
IMPROVING SURFACE WATER CONDITIONS THROUGH
CONTROL AND DISPOSAL OF AQUATIC VEGETATION,
PHASE II ...2.0181
CHANGES IN WATER ENVIRONMENT RESULTING FROM
AQUATIC PLANT CONTROL ...2.0183
CHEMICAL CONTROL OF AQUATIC WEED NUISANCES
...2.0185
METHODS FOR CONTROLLING ALLIGATORWEED AND
OTHER WEEDS IN CANALS, WATERWAYS, AND AD-
JACENT WATERS IN THE SOUTHEASTERN U. S. ...2.0186
CONTROL OF AQUATIC AND NONCROPLAND WEEDS IN
WYOMING, COLORADO, AND NEBRASKA ...2.0187
NATURAL ENEMIES OF MYRIOPHYLLUM SPICATUM IN YU-
GOSLAVIA ...2.0188
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF SNAILS AND SLUGS ...2.0269
INTERACTIONS BETWEEN AQUATIC PLANTS AND SEWAGE
EFFLUENT ...4.0001
FIELD INVESTIGATION OF THE SUBMERSED AQUATIC EN-
VIRONMENT ...4.0003
TOXIC SUBSTANCES AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF
HYACINTHS AND OTHER WATER PLANTS ...4.0005
LIFE CYCLES OF ROTTBELLIA EXALTATA AND AM-
PHIBROMUS SCABRIVALVIS AND DEVELOPMENT OF
CONTROL MEASURES ...4.0010
BIOLOGIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL OF EURASIAN
MILFOIL (MYRIOPHYLLUM SPICATUM L.) IN CHES-
APEAKE BAY ...4.0012
ANATOMICAL, PHYSIOLOGICAL AND ECOLOGICAL STU-
DIES ON MYRIOPHYLLUM SPICATIU ...4.0013
THE ECOLOGY OF SELECTED SUBMERSED AQUATIC
WEEDS ...4.0014
NUTRIENT CONTROL PROJECT DETROIT LAKES, MIN-
NESOTA ...4.0015
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN WATER QUALITY AND PLANT
GROWTH IN PONDS ...4.0019
THE ECOLOGY OF SELECTED SUBMERSED AQUATIC
WEEDS ...4.0020
EFFECTS OF EUTROPHICATION ON AQUATIC VEGETATION
- PHASE II ...4.0023
ECOLOGY OF SELECTED SUBMERSED AQUATIC WEEDS
...4.0024
NUTRIENT DYNAMICS IN AN ARTIFICIALLY ENRICHED
LAKE ...4.0025
THE CHANGING DISTRIBUTION OF THE GENUS
POTAMOGETON (PONDWEEDS) IN OHIO ...4.0026
EUTROPHICATION OF SHELTERED BAYS IN A LARGE LAKE
...4.0029
TISSUE ANALYSIS FOR NUTRIENT ASSAY OF NATURAL
WATERS ...4.0030
Brush or Phreatophyte Control
CONTROL METHODS FOR JUNIPERS, SHRUB LIVE OAK,
AND ASSOCIATED WEEDS ...1.0004
WATER YIELD IN THE CHAPARRAL AND WOODLAND
ZONE OF THE SOUTHWEST ...1.0005
RESPROUTING OF CHAPARRAL ...1.0017
PBRSK5TFNCE AND MODES OF HERBICIDE DISSIPATION
UNDER RANGELAND CONDITIONS ...1.0096
THE USE OF FLAME FOR CONTROLLING WEEDS AND
BRUSH ...2.0136
Forbs (broadleaf Herbs)
CONTROL OF WEEDS IN AGRONOMIC AND VEGETABLE
CROPS WITH HERBICIDES ...1.0025
COMPARATIVE EFFECTS OF WEED COMPETITION, HERBI-
CIDES AND OTHER WEED CONTROL PRACTICES ON
PLANT RESPONSE ...1.0145
DEVELOPMENT OF TILLAGE-REPLACING HERBICIDE
SYSTEMS ...1.0196
WEED CONTROL IN RICE PRODUCTION ...2.0097
WEED CONTROL IN RICE PRODUCTION ...2.0098
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF WEEDS ...2.0099
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF WEEDS ...2.0102
WEED CONTROL IN CITRICULTURE ...2.0123
THE USE OF NUTRIA, WATER BOWL AND GRASS CARP FOR
THE CONTROL OF SUBMERGENT PLANTS ...2.0130
FOREST AND FARM GAME HABITAT; FISH POND ...2.0143
CONTROL OF CANADA THISTLE AND WATER WEEDS
...2.0158
STUDIES IN SOILS, CROPS, WATER MANAGEMENT AND
WEED CONTROL UNDER IRRIGATED CONDITIONS
...2.0159
CONTROL OF WEEDS IN AQUATIC AND NONCROP AREAS
IN THE UPPER MISSOURI RIVER BASIN ...2.0160
RESPONSE OF PLANT COMMUNITIES TO SUSTAINED USE
OF HERBICIDES ...2.0161
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF AQUATIC WEEDS ...2.0162
WEED CONTROL IN RICE FIELDS AND PASTURE LANDS IN
THE GULF COAST AREA ...2.0176
CONTROL OF WEEDS IN AQUATIC AND NONCROP AREAS
IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST ...2.0178
WEED CONTROL IN IRRIGATED HORTICULTURAL CROPS
IN WASHINGTON ...2.0179
CONTROL OF AQUATIC AND NONCROPLAND WEEDS IN
WYOMING, COLORADO, AND NEBRASKA ...2.0187
Grasses or Sedges
INACTIVATION AND LOSS OF PESTICIDES FROM SOIL
...1.0009
COMPARATIVE EFFECTS OF WEED COMPETITION, HERBI-
CIDES AND OTHER WEED CONTROL PRACTICES ON
PLANT RESPONSE ...1.0145
DEVELOPMENT OF TILLAGE-REPLACING HERBICIDE
SYSTEMS ...1.0196
WEED CONTROL IN RICE PRODUCTION ...2.0097
WEED CONTROL IN RICE PRODUCTION ...2.0098
CHEMICAL CONTROL OF DITCHBANK WEEDS IN PEAT AND
SANDY SOIL AREAS OF SOUTH FLORIDA ...2.0114
WEED CONTROL IN CITRICULTURE ...2.0123
NATURAL ENEMIES OF W1TCHWEED, NUTSEDGE, AND
SEVERAL AQUATIC WEEDS IN INDIA ...2.0135
THE USE OF FLAME FOR CONTROLLING WEEDS AND
BRUSH ...2.0136
CONTROL OF CANADA THISTLE AND WATER WEEDS
...2.0158
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF AQUATIC WEEDS ...2.0162
WEED CONTROL IN RICE FIELDS AND PASTURE LANDS IN
THE GULF COAST AREA ...2.0176
CONTROL OF WEEDS IN AQUATIC AND NONCROP AREAS
IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST ...2.0178
Trees & Shrubs
FOREST AND FARM GAME HABITAT; FISH POND ...2.0143
Weed Contron in ...
Cereal Crops
EFFICIENCY AND HAZARDS OF RESIDUAL HERBICIDES IN
SOILS UNDER IRRIGATION. ...1.0010
FATE AND PERSISTENCE OF PESTICIDES AND PHYSIOLOGI-
CALLY ACTIVE DEGRADATION PRODUCTS ...1.0089
HERBICIDE RESIDUES IN IRRIGATION WATER AND IN
CROPS AND SOILS IRRIGATED WITH TREATED WATER
...1.0107
2-183
-------
Weed Contron in ...
SUBJECT INDEX
DEVELOPMENT OF TILLAGE-REPLACING HERBICIDE
SYSTEMS ...1.0196
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS OF PESTICIDE USAGE
...1.0334
WEED CONTROL IN RICE PRODUCTION ...2.0097
WEED CONTROL IN RICE PRODUCTION ...2.0098
THE USE OF FLAME FOR CONTROLLING WEEDS AND
BRUSH ...2.0136
USE OF CHEMICALS ON RICE ...2.0140
FACTORS INFLUENCING OCCURRENCE OF SELECTED
AQUATIC PLANTS IN RICE FIELDS ...2.0141
WEED CONTROL IN RICE FIELDS AND PASTURE LANDS IN
THE GULF COAST AREA ...2.0176
Control in Other Areas
WEED CONTROL IN RICE FIELDS AND PASTURE LANDS IN
THE GULF COAST AREA ...2.0176
Fiber Crops
EFFICIENCY AND HAZARDS OF RESIDUAL HERBICIDES IN
SOILS UNDER IRRIGATION. ...1.0010
BEHAVIOR OF SPECIFIC HERBICIDES IN PLANTS AND SOILS
1.0091
CONTAMINATION OF SURFACE AND GROUND WATER
WITH INSECTICIDES AND HERBICIDES APPLIED TO CUL-
TIVATED CROPS ...1.0189
Forage Grasses, Pasture, Range
CONTROL METHODS FOR JUNIPERS, SHRUB LIVE OAK,
AND ASSOCIATED WEEDS ...1.0004
WATER YIELD IN THE CHAPARRAL AND WOODLAND
ZONE OF THE SOUTHWEST ...l.OOOS
PERSISTENCE AND MODES OF HERBICIDE DISSIPATION
UNDER RANGELAND CONDITIONS ..1.0096
WEED CONTROL IN RICE FIELDS AND PASTURE LANDS IN
THE GULF COAST AREA ...2.0176
Fruit Crops
EFFICIENCY AND HAZARDS OF RESIDUAL HERBICIDES IN
SOILS UNDER IRRIGATION. ...1.0010
WEED CONTROL IN CITRICULTURE ..2.0123
Horticultural -nonspecific
WEED CONTROL IN IRRIGATED HORTICULTURAL CROPS
IN WASHINGTON ..2.0179
Oilseed Crops
1NACTIVATION AND LOSS OF PESTICIDES FROM SOIL
...1.0002
EFFICIENCY AND HAZARDS OF RESIDUAL HERBICIDES IN
SOILS UNDER IRRIGATION. ...1.0010
CONTROL OF WEEDS IN AGRONOMIC AND VEGETABLE
CROPS WITH HERBICIDES ...1.0025
HERBICIDE RESIDUES IN IRRIGATION WATER AND IN
CROPS AND SOILS IRRIGATED WITH TREATED WATER
.1.0107
Roadsides
WEED CONTROL IN RICE FIELDS AND PASTURE LANDS IN
THE GULF COAST AREA ...2.0176
Sugar Crops
HERBICIDE RESIDUES IN IRRIGATION WATER AND IN
CROPS AND SOILS IRRIGATED WITH TREATED WATER
...1.0107
Vegetables
INVESTIGATIONS OF RESIDUES IN WATER AND CROPS IR-
RIGATED WITH WATER CONTAINING HERBICIDES
...1.0015
CONTROL OF WEEDS IN AGRONOMIC AND VEGETABLE
CROPS WITH HERBICIDES ...1.0025
FATE AND PERSISTENCE OF PESTICIDES AND PHYSIOLOGI-
CALLY ACTIVE DEGRADATION PRODUCTS ...1.0089
Wetlands
EVALUATION OF MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON THE
STATE-OWNED WILDLIFE AREAS ...2.0103
Weed Pathology
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF WATER WEEDS WITH PLANT
PATHOGENS ...2.0121
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF WATER WEEDS WITH PLANT
PATHOGENS ...2.0122
A CRITICAL TEST OF METHODS FOR ISOLATION OF
VIRUSES FOR USE IN CONTROL OF NUISANCE ALGAE
...2.0133
NATURAL ENEMIES OF WITCHWEED, NUTSEDGE, AND
SEVERAL AQUATIC WEEDS IN INDIA . .2.0135
NATURAL ENEMIES OF MYRIOPHYLLUM SPICATUM IN YU-
GOSLAVIA ...2.0188
THE EFFECT OF POLLUTION ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF LPP
PHYCO-VIRUSES IN RELATION TO POLLUTION OF THE
CHRISTINA RIVER ...4.0004
BIOLOGIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL OF EURASIAN
MILFOIL (MYRIOPHYLLUM SPICATUM L.) IN CHES-
APEAKE BAY . .4.0012
Weed Phenology
CONTROL METHODS FOR JUNIPERS, SHRUB LIVE OAK,
AND ASSOCIATED WEEDS ...1.0004
SEARCH FOR AND IMPORTATION OF INSECT ENEMIES OF
AQUATIC WEEDS ...2.0095
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF WEEDS ...2.0099
AQUATIC WEED CONTROL RESEARCH ...2.0100
WEED CONTROL IN IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE SYSTEMS
...2.0104
BASIC PHYSIOLOGY OF AQUATIC WEEDS IN THE
SOUTHEAST ...2.0115
ECOLOGY AND BIOCONTROL OF AQUATIC WEEDS IN THE
SOUTHEAST ...2.0117
THE PHYSIOLOGY AND CHEMICAL CONTROL OF AQUATIC
WEEDS IN THE SOUTHEAST ...2.0118
TESTING OF NEW HERBICIDES . .2.0125
SURVEY OF POND WEEDS AND PLANT SUCCESSION
...2.0127
INSECTS ON FOREIGN AQUATIC WEEDS IN LOUISIANA
...2.0144
CONTROL OF CANADA THISTLE AND WATER WEEDS
...2.0158
STUDIES IN SOILS, CROPS, WATER MANAGEMENT AND
WEED CONTROL UNDER IRRIGATED CONDITIONS
...2.0159
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF AQUATIC WEEDS ...2.0162
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL TAMARISK AND OTHER
PHREATOPHYTES ...2.0164
WEED CONTROL IN RICE FIELDS AND PASTURE LANDS IN
THE GULF COAST AREA ...2.0176
CONTROL OF WEEDS IN AQUATIC AND NONCROP AREAS
IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST ...2.0178
CONTROL OF AQUATIC AND NONCROPLAND WEEDS IN
WYOMING, COLORADO, AND NEBRASKA ...2.0187
LIFE CYCLES OF ROTTBELLIA EXALTATA AND AM-
PHIBROMUS SCABRIVALVIS AND DEVELOPMENT OF
CONTROL MEASURES ...4.0010
ANATOMICAL, PHYSIOLOGICAL AND ECOLOGICAL STU-
DIES ON MYRIOPHYLLUM SPICATIU ...4.0013
STUDIES IN PHYSIOLOGY ECOLOGY AND LIFE HISTORIES
OF ALGAE ...4.0022
ECOLOGY OF SELECTED SUBMERSED AQUATIC WEEDS
...4.0024
Weed Physiology
CONTROL METHODS FOR JUNIPERS, SHRUB LIVE OAK
AND ASSOCIATED WEEDS ...1.0004
IMPROVING WATER QUALITY BY REMOVAL OF PESTICIDE
POLLUTANTS WITH AQUATIC PLANTS ...1.0216
2-184
-------
SUBJECT INDEX
Zeolites
GROWTH SUPPRESSION AND REDUCTION IN REGROWTH
POTENTIAL OF AQUATIC WEEDS ...2.0110
BASIC PHYSIOLOGY OF AQUATIC WEEDS IN THE
SOUTHEAST ...2.0115
FACTORS INFLUENCING OCCURRENCE OF SELECTED
AQUATIC PLANTS IN RICE FIELDS ...2.0141
CONTROL OF UNDESIRABLE AQUATIC VEGETATION IN
LAKE TANEYCOMO, MISSOURI ...2.0154
THE ROLE OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF
NUISANCE GROWTHS ...2.0174
WEED CONTROL IN IRRIGATED HORTICULTURAL CROPS
IN WASHINGTON ...2.0179
CHEMICAL CONTROL OF AQUATIC WEED NUISANCES
...2.0185
FIELD INVESTIGATION OF THE SUBMERSED AQUATIC EN-
VIRONMENT .4.0003
TOXIC SUBSTANCES AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF
HYACINTHS AND OTHER WATER PLANTS ...4.0005
LIFE CYCLES OF ROTTBELLIA EXALTATA AND AM-
PHIBROMUS SCABR1VALVIS AND DEVELOPMENT OF
CONTROL MEASURES ...4.0010
ANATOMICAL, PHYSIOLOGICAL AND ECOLOGICAL STU-
DIES ON MYRIOPHYLLUM SPICATIU ...4.0013
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN WATER QUALITY AND PLANT
GROWTH IN PONDS ...4.0019
THE ECOLOGY OF SELECTED SUBMERSED AQUATIC
WEEDS ...4.0020
EFFECTS OF EUTROPHICATION ON AQUATIC VEGETATION
- PHASE II ...4.0023
ECOLOGY OF SELECTED SUBMERSED AQUATIC WEEDS
4.0024
TISSUE ANALYSIS FOR NUTRIENT ASSAY OF NATURAL
WATERS ...4.0030
Weeds -general
PROCESSING. CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, AND NUTRITIVE
VALUE OF AQUATIC WEEDS ...2.0119
IMPROVING SURFACE WATER CONDITIONS THROUGH
CONTROL AND DISPOSAL OF AQUATIC VEGETATION,
PHASE II ...2.0181
AQUATIC PLANTS OF POLLUTED WATERS IN
SOUTHWESTERN UNITED STATES ...4.0028
Wetlands
THE EFFECTS OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES ON LARVAL AND
JUVENILE WINTER FLOUNDER IN THE WEWEANTIC
RIVER ESTUARY, MASSACHUSETTS ...1.0253
MOSQUITO INVESTIGATIONS RESEARCH AND DEVELOP-
MENT ...2.0060
Wildlife -nonspecific
INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS: DISEASES TO
MAN OR ANIMALS ...2.0010
DIAGNOSIS OF DISEASES IN WILDLIFE ...3.0134
Wildlife Breeding
DEVELOPMENT OF METHODS FOR COMMERCIAL PRODUC-
TION OF FROG LEGS FROM TADPOLES OF THE BULL-
FROG ...3.0028
RELATIVE RESISTANCE OF SELECTIVELY BRED BROOK
AND BROWN TROUT FINGERLINGS TO FURUNCULOSIS
...3.0041
RELATIVE RESISTANCE OF SELECTIVELY BRED BROOK
AND BROWN TROUT YEARLINGS TO FURUNCULOSIS
...3.0042
FIELD TESTING OF SELECTIVELY BRED STRAINS OF
BROOK AND BROWN TROUT UNDER PRODUCTION
HATCHERY CONDITIONS ...3.0043
AQUICULTURE. SALMON CULTURE - RESEARCH ...3.0053
TESTING OF STOCKS OF OYSTERS FOR DISEASE RE-
SISTANCE ...3.0077
ACQUIRED VS. GENETIC RESISTANCE IN OYSTERS ..3.0078
TESTS OF SELECTED SEED OYSTER STOCKS ON COMMER-
CIAL BEDS ...3.0079
DISEASE-RESISTANT OYSTERS ...3.0114
AQUICULTURE, OYSTER HATCHERIES - RESEARCH ...3.0118
Wildlife Habitats
DETERMINATION OF DIGESTION RATES FOR TROUT
...1.0346
EVALUATION OF MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON THE
STATE-OWNED WILDLIFE AREAS ...2.0103
THE USE OF NUTRIA, WATER BOWL AND GRASS CARP FOR
THE CONTROL OF SUBMERGENT PLANTS ...2.0130
FISH PRODUCTION AND GAME MANAGEMENT ON THE
IDLEWILD PLANTATION ...2.0142
FOREST AND FARM GAME HABITAT; FISH POND ...2.0143
WATERLEVEL MANAGEMENT ON IMPOUNDMENTS OF
LOW QUALITY SOILS ...2.0163
Wind or Air Movement
INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND DOMESTIC ANIMALS
...2.0087
RESEARCH VESSEL OPERATIONS ...3.0048
Winter
PATTERNS OF PESTICIDE CONTAMINATION OF WATER
...1.0039
EFFECTS OF WATER EXCHANGE AND BLUE CRAB CON-
TROL ON SHRIMP PRODUCTION IN LOUISIANA SALT-
MARSH IMPOUNDMENTS ...2.0275
ECOLOGY OF MOSQUITOES OF ARID SOUTHEASTERN
CALIFORNIA ...4.0039
WATER QUALITY REQUIREMENTS OF AQUATIC INSECTS
...4.0066
Wisconsin
GREEN BAY RESEARCH PROGRAM ...1.0112
CALIFORNIA ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS IN WISCONSIN .4.0075
Wood
EVALUATION OF EFFECTS OF SATURATED HYDROCAR-
BONS ON PRESERVATIVE QUALITY OF CREOSOTE
...2.0267
EFFECT OF PRETREATMENT MOLDING OF SOUTHERN PINE
ON THE PERMANENCE OF THE PRESERVATIVE IN SEA-
WATER EXPOSURE ...2.0295
MARINE PILING ANALYSIS ..2.0296
Wyoming
METHOXYCHLOR-CAUSED EFFECTS ON CUTTHROAT
TROUT PHYSIOLOGY CHRONIC TOXICITY OF INSECTI-
CIDES TO COLD-WATER FISH ...1.0296
Xanthophyll
TOXIC SUBSTANCES AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF
HYACINTHS AND OTHER WATER PLANTS ...4.0005
Yugoslavia
NATURAL ENEMIES OF MYRIOPHYLLUM SPICATUM IN YU-
GOSLAVIA ...2.0188
Zeolites
ALTERING PERSISTENCE AND MOVEMENT OF HERBICIDES
IN SOIL, WATER, AND PLANTS ...1.0106
2-185
-------
Zoogeography SUBJECT INDEX
MOSQUITOES OF MIDDLE AMERICA ...4.0037
Nearctic - Zoogeography MOSQUITOES OF MIDDLE AMERICA ...4.0038
"MOSQUTTOES S4Eool4TED N°R™ AMERICAN clJLiciNE World Wide - Zoogeography
THERMAL STRESS AND POLYMORPHISM OF MOSQUITOES
Neotropical - Zoogeography ...4.0052
2*186
-------
INVESTIGATOR INDEX
Aaronson, S. -2.0165*
Abbott, U.K. -1.0322
Acree, F. -2.0028*
Adkins, T.R.-2.0081 *
Ahlricks, J.L. -1.0041
Ahrens, J.F. -2.0113*
Akesson, N.B. -2.0009*
Alexander, G.R. -1.0346*
Allen, J.L. -1.0314*. 1.0315*. 2.0236*
2.0237*. 2.0238*, 2.0239*
Allen, R.W. -2.0280*
Allison, R..3.0001*. 3.0108*
Amend, D.F. -3.0084*. 3.0086, 3.0092
3.0121*
Anderson, D.P. -3.0085*. 3.0122
Anderson, G.A. -2.0204*, 2.0205
Anderson, J.F. -2.0022*. 2.0023*
Anderson, R.O. -1.0366
Andres, L.A. -2.0099*
Andrews, J.D. -3.0077*, 3.0078*. 3.0079*
Andrews, P.S.-2.0201*
Appkgate, H.G. -1.0365*
Apptegate, R.L. -1.0203*
Argyle, R.L. -1.0113*, 1.0114*, 1.0229*
1.0230*. 1.0231*
Armstrong, J.G. -1.0267*, 1.0268*. 1.0286,
1.0296
Asai, R.I.-1.0019
Ashley, L.M. -3.0080*, 3.0081*
Asbworth, B. -1.0209
Aslamkhan, M. -2.0048
Alkins, P.R. -1.0093*. 1.0210*
Aue.W.A.-1.0058*
Avault, J.W. -2.0139*
Avery, E.L. -2.0263*
Axtell, R.C. -1.0358*
Bachmann, R.W. -4.0008*
Bagnall, L.O. -2.0119*
Bailey, G.-1.0124*
Bailey, G.W. -1.0135
Bailey, M.M. -2.0235
Baker, D.E. -1.0090
Baker, J.B. -2.0140*, 2.0141*, 4.0010*
Baker, R.H. -2.0048
Baldridge, H.D. -2.0191*
Ball, G.H. -4.0036*
Ball, R.C.-1.0057, 1.0161*, 1.0339*, 1.0340*
Balthazar, E.E. -1.0226
Bang, V.H. -4.0070
Banks, J.L.-3.0120*
Barlowe, R.-1.0162
Barnes, D.G. -1.0070*
Barnett, H.C. -2.0048*
Barr, A.R. -2.0012*. 2.0013*
Barr, H.T. • 1.0049*
Barry, RJ. -2.0146
Bartels, P.G. -2.0096*
Bartley, T.R. -2.0106*, 2.0107*, 2.0108*,
2.0109*
Bartsch, A.F. -2.0168*. 2.0169*, 2.0170*.
2.0171*
Bass, J.C. -4.0078*
Batcman, B.A. -2.0142*, 2.0143*
Bay, B.C. -2.0014*
Beard, T. -4.0086*
Beiver, R.E. -2.0203
Becker, D.A. -3.0018*. 3.0019
Beckwith, D.G.-3.0061*
Beil, J. -2.0235
Beiningen, K. -3.0059
Belkln, J.N. -4.0037*, 4.0038*
BeUis, E.D. -2.0080*
•INDICATES PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Bender, M.E.-1.0257*, 1.0258*
Bendixen, L.E. -1.0191
Bennett, PJ. -1.0219
Berg, A.R. -1.0017
Berg, C.O. -2.0282*, 2.0283*
Berger, B.L. -2.0240*, 2.0241*
Berry, E.G. -2.0278*, 2.0279*
Bhagat, S.K. -1.0219
Bhalla, S.C. -2.0048
Bianchi, U. -2.0038
Bickley, W.E. -4.0063*
Biggar, J.W.-1.0012*, 1.0013*
Bingham, S.W.-1 0216*
Biniek, J. -1.0026*
Bishop, C.G. -3.0039*
Black, A.P. -1.0126*
Blackburn, R.D. -2.0116*, 2.0117*, 2.0124*,
2.0186
Blackmail, R.R. -1.0242
Bland, C.E. -3.0115
Blanton, F.S. -2.0029
Bohart, R.M. -2.0010*
Bollag, J.M. -1.0087*
Bond, C.E. -2.0167*
Bond, H.W. -2.0290*
Booth, G.M.-1.03 30
Borkovec, A.B. -2.0049*
Bouldin, D.R.-1.0186
Boush, G.M. -1.0222*
Boval, B.P. -1.0115
Bowen, V.T. -1.0158*
Bowman, C. -2.0159
Bowmer, K.H.-1.0010*
Boyd, K. -2.0083
Boyle, D.VV. -2.0132*
Bradley, E.B.-1.0151*
Bradley, J.R.-1.0189
Brady, J.R. -2.0096
Braem, R.A. -2.0204, 2.0205*, 2.0209
Bratzler, L.J.-1.0259*
Braunheim, S.T. -1.0117
Breese, W.P. -1.0304
Brezner, J. -1.0067*
Brindley, W.A. -2.0086*
Brody, J.A. -4.0062
Brown, C.J. -4.0080*
Brown, D.A.-1.0008*, 1.0009
Bruce, W.N.-1.0037*. 1.0038*. 1.0330
Bruhn, H.D.-2.0181*, 2.0182*
Bruns, V.F. -2.0178*
Branson, W.D.-1.0217*, I.OSlp*, 1.0311*
Bryan, E.H.-1.0187*
Buchanan, G.A. -1.0001
Bugher, R.D. -1.0142
Buhler, D.R. -1.0303*
Bukovac, M.J. -1.0057
Bulkley, R.V. -1.0247*
Bullock, G.L. -3.0096*. 3.0097*, 3.0098*
3.0127
Bunting, D.L.-1.0207*
Burbank, N.C. -1.0036
Burge, R.T. -3.0022
Burnett, E. -1.0101
Burns, E.C. -2.0040*
Burress, R.M. -1.0108*, 2.0240, 2.0242*
Burrows, C.-2.0212*
Burt, G.W. -1.0154
Burt, W.V. -3.0048*
Butcher, J.W. -1.0057, 1.0341*
Butler, P.A. -1.0238*
Buyers, A.G. -4.0021
Cairns, J.-1.0308*
3-1
Calabrese, A.-1.0236
Campbell, HJ. -3.0119
Campbell, R.S. -1.0366
Campbell, W.R. -2.0035
Capel, S. -1.0150
Cardareili, N.F. -2.0284*, 2.0285*, 2.0286*
Carlile, B.L. -1.0104*, 1.0218*
Carlson, C.W. -1.0!09*
Carman, G.E. -2.0268*
Carr, J.F.-1.0160, 1.0256
Carter, L.R. -1.0147*
Calls, E.P. -1.0327*. 2.0024*
Chandler, L.-1.0039*
Chang, P.W. -3.0069*
Chao, J. -4.0036
Chapman, H.C. -2.0043*
Cheng, E.-1.0168
Cheng, H.H.-1.0105*
Chernin, E. -2.0277*
Chester, G.-1.0109
Clusters, G. -1.0110*, 1.0223* 1.0224*
2.0185
Chew, R.M. -4.0039*
Childers, W.F. -1.0038, 1.0330
Christenson, L. -3.0106
Clausz, C. -1.0070
Cohen, S.D. -1.0255
Cole, C.F.-1.0253*, 1.0254*
Colley, F.C. -2.0270
Collins, D.L. -4.0042*
Colwell, R.R. -3.0026*
Combs, B.D.-2.0177*
Comes, R.D.-2.0178
Conrad, J. -3.0059
Contini, C. -2.0038
Cook, A.A.-2.0121, 2.0122
Cook, D.W. -3.0037*
Cook, E.F. -2.0054*
Cooper, G.R.-1.0336
Coppage, D.L.-1.0239*
Corcoran, E.F.-1.0130*
Corden, M.E.-1.0082*
Correll, D.S. -4.0028*
Cottam, G.-2.0183*
Couch, J.N. -2.0072*
Couch, R.-2.0091*
Coulson, D.M. -1.0015
Courtney, W.R. -1.0237*
Cousineau, J.G. -3.0023*
Crabtree, J.E. -3.0072*
Craig, G.B. -4.0055*
Crosby, D.G.-1.0322
Cross, C.E.-1.0056
Cross, J.H. -4.0068*
Croston, C.B. -1.0309*
Crowell, H.H. -2.0288*, 2.0289*
Culley, D.D. -1.0249*, 3.0028*
Cutkomp, L.K. -1.0168*. 1.0265*, 1.0266*,
2.0055*
Dadd, R.H. -4,0033*. 4.0034*
Dahm, P.A. -1.0043*
Daniel, C.-1.0231
Darrow, R.A. -2.0205
Davie, J. -1.0233
Davis, D.E.-4.0001*
Davis, F.S. -1.0096
Davis, H.C.-1.0236*
Davis, P. -1.0312
Dawson, J.H. -1.0106*
Dawson, V.K. -1.0316, 2.0243*. 2.0244*.
2.0255. 2.0256, 2.0257, 2.0258, 2.0259
Demint, R.J. -2.0105
-------
INVESTIGATOR INDEX
Derrington, C.F. -1.0171 *
Detels, R. -4.0062*
Deubert, K.H. -1.0055', 1.0056*
Devlin, R.M. -4.0014*
Dicke, R.J. -2.0087*
Dimond, A.E.-2.0113
Dimond, J.B. -1.0335*
Dindal, D.L. -1.0078
Dixon, J.R. -2.0082
Dobie, J. -2.0153*
Dobrotworsky, N.V. -4.0050
Donaldson, J.R. -2.0228*. 4.0083
Doneen, L.D. -1.0012
Dornbush, J.N. -1.0204*
Doudoroff, P. -1.0304
Douthit, C.F.-1.0132
Doxtader, K.G. -1.0023*
Dregne, H.E. -1.0065*
Dugan, P.R. -4.0027
Dumas, R.F. -3.0041*, 3.0042* 30043*
3.0044*
Dunslan, G.H. -1.0219
Dupree, H.K. -1.0113, 1.0114, 1.0229 1 0230
1.0231
Durant, CJ. -1.0139
Dim, G.R. -1.0006*
Earnest, R.D. -1.0234*
Easley, J.F. -4.0005
Eastin, E.F. -1,0095*
Ebel, W.J. -3.0083*
Eden, W.G. -4.0048*
Edwards, H.W. -1.0123*
Edwards, V.H.-1.0185*
Ehrlich, S. -2.0130*
Eirich, D. -3.0126
Eldridge, B.K. -4.0046*
Ellarson, R.S. -1.0367*
Elliotl, J.W. -3.0120
Ensign, J.C. -2.0184*
Epstein, E.-1.0051*
Erb, D. -2.0159
Ercegovich, C.D. -1.0088*, 1.0089
Escutia, V. -2.0083
Esles, R.D.-2.0128
Evans, J.O.-1.0103
Fahe>, J. -1.0040*
Fail-child, M.L. -1.0059*
Fang, S.C. -1.0360
Farley, C.A. -3.0033*, 3.0034, 3.01 13*
Farmer, W.J. -1.0016*
Feltner, K.C.-1.0334
Feng, T.H. -1.0155*
Ferguson, H. -2.0159
Ferrigno, F. -2.0063*, 2.0064* 20065*
2.0066*
Fetlerolf, C.M. -1.0163*, 1.0164*
Field, G. -4.0069*
Fikes, M.-1.0301
Fisher, H.W. -1.0200*
Fisher, T.W. -2.0269*
Flashinski, S.J. -1.0111
Flinchum, W.T. -2.0176*
Foole, B.A. -2.0287*
Forbes, R.B.-1.0029*
Forel, J.A. -2.0146*
Fowler, L.G. -3.0120
Frank, P.A.-2.0105*
Frea, J.I. -4.0027
Frear, D.E. -1.0089*, 1.0306
Freed, V.H. -1.0360*. 1.0361*
Freedland, R.A. -1.0322
Freeman, T.E. -2.0121, 2.0122
Fremling, C.R.-1.0169*
French, J.M.-1.0320
French, W.L.-2.0041*
Frizzi, G. -2.0038*
Fromm, P.O. -1.0260*
Fryer, J.L. -3.0049*, 3.0050*. 3.0051*.
3.0057*, 3.0116*. 3.0117*
Fuhremann, T.W. -1.01 I I
Fukulo, T.R. -2.0015*. 2.0017
Fuller, G.C. -2.0290
Funderburk, H.H. -1.0228*, 1.0319*
Gahan, J.B. -4.0047*
Garber, D.P.-1.0320
Gardner, W.H.-1.0104
Garrison, R.L.-3.0119
Gaston, L.K. -2.0017
Gaudet, J.J. -2.0166*
•INDICATES PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Gaufln, A.R. -1.0297*, 4.0066*
Gaylord, W.E. - 2.0203*. 2.0204, 2.0209
Gaynor, J.D. -1.0085
George, H. -2.0103*
Georghiou, G.P. -2.0015, 2.0016*. 2.0017*
Gerloff, G.C. -4.0030*
Getzin, L.W. -2.0294*
Ghani, M.A. -2.0173*
Gibbs, CJ. -4.0062
Giddens, J.E. -1.0030*
Gilbert, B. -2.0266*
Gilderhus, P.A. -2.0240, 2.0245*, 2.0246*.
2.0247*
Gjovik, L.R. -2.0295*
Gloyna, E.F. -1.0210
GoerliU, D.F.-1.0119*
Golden, R.D.-2.0102*
Goleman, D.L. -1.0193
Goodin, J.R. -1.0017*
Goodson, L. -1.0180*
Goolsby, D.A.-1.0134*
Gossett, B.J. -1.0091*
Gould, G.I. -1.0320
Goulding, R.L. -2.0077*, 2.0078*
Grant, B.F. -1.0267, 1.0269*, 1.0270*,
1.0271*. 1.0272*. 1.0288, 1.0289, 1.0290,
1.0291, 1.0318
Grant, F.B.-1.0273*
Green, R.E. -1.0034*, 1.0035*
Greichus, Y.A. -1.0092, 1.0205, 1.0364*
Griffith, W.-l 0235*
Grissinger, E.H.-1.0170
Grothaus, R.H. -2.0074*
Guenzi, W.D. -1.0024
Guilbault, G.G. -1.0153*
Guira, J.E. -4.0049
Gunstream, S.E. -4.0039
Gunther, F.A. -1.0018*. 1.0019*, 1.0324
Guptavanij, P. -4.0072
Gunman, H.N. -2.0133*
Guyer, G.E. -1.0057*
Haan, C.T. -1.0047*
Haeusermann, W. -4.0055
Hafez, M.-2.0085*
Hagmann, L.E. -2.0060*
Hagstrum, D. -4.0039
Hajek, B.F.-1.0001
Hall, J.K.-1.0090*
Hall, M.W.-4.0011*
Halver, J.E. -1.0309. 3.0080, 3.0081
Hamelink, J.L. -1.0148*. 1.0246*
Hammer, D.A. -2.0292*
Hammond, L.C. -1.0027, 1.0028
Hansen, D.J. -1.0240*
Hanson, L.H. -2.0210*, 2.0211
Harinasuta, C. -4.0072*
Harris, A.H. -2.0275
Harris, D.O.-2.0138*
Harrison, R.M. -1.0031*
Harrold, L.L.-1.0194*
Hartberg, W.K. -4.0070
Hartel, D.N. -1.0132
Hartman, G.F. -3.0106*
Hartmann, R.-1.0150*
Harvey, G.R. -1.0159*
Harwood, R.F. -4.0074*
Haskin, H.H.-3.0114*
Hassinger, R.-2.0213*
Hastings, C.E. -4.0076*
Hastings, E. -2.0058*, 2.0059*
Hathaway, E.S. -2.0042*. 2.0044*, 2.0045*
Hauser, VX. -1.0079
Havey, K.A. -2.0200*
Hawrylewicz, EJ. -4.0051
Hayes, J. -2.0083
Haynes, D.L. -2.0053*
Haynes, R.R. -4.0026*
Haynes, W.S. -2.0267
Hays, K.L.-2.0001*
Hehn, E.R. -2.0159
Helfrich, P.-3.0110*
Helm, W.T. -4.0029*
Helmboldt, C.F. -3.0024*
Benson, J.W.-1.0208*
Hentges, J.F. -2.0119. 4.0005
Herman, R.L. -3.0099*. 3.0127*
Hermanson, H.P. -1.0018
Herrig, R.G. -3.0058*
Hesse, J.-1.0163
3-2
Hibbert, A.R.-1.0005*
Hickey, J.J. -1.0368*
Mickey, W.A. -4.0055
Hiler, E.A. -1.0211*
Hill, D.W.-1.0135*
HUsenhoff, W.L. -1.0225*. 2.0088*
Hiltbold, A.E. -1.0001*. 1.0002*
HUtibran, R.C. -1.0329*. 1.0330
Hiltz, R. -1.0086*
Hlmel, C.M.-1.0137*
Hinden, E. -1.0219*
Hinton, D.E. -1.0248*.
Hochman, H. -1.0121*
Hodges, J.W. -2.0203
Hodgson, J.M. -2.0158*. 2.0159*. 2.0160*.
2.0161*
Hoffman, C.E. -3.0019
Hoffman, G.L. -3.0100*, 3.0101*, 3.0102*.
3.0105, 3.0128*. 3.0129*. 3.0130*.
3.0131, 3.0132
Hogan, J.W. -1.0274*. 1.0275*. 1.0276*.
1.0348*
Holt, R.A.-3.0116
Hoopingarner, R.A. -1.0057
Hopkins, T.L.-1.0046*, 1.0334*
Hopkins, T.S.-1.0133*
HorsfaU, W.R. -4.0052*
Hortemtine, C.C. -1.0027*
Horton, H.F. -3.0052*
Howard, R.G. -2.0100*, 2.0104
Howell, G.S. -2.0150*
Howell, J.H. -2.0211*
Howlett, H.A. -1.0184
Hu, S.M. -2.0047, 4.0061
Huang, J.C.-1.0181*
Huber, C.O. -1.0227*
Huber, R.T. -4.0053*
Hubert, A.A. -4.0058*
Huffaker, C.B. -2.0006*
Hughes, J.S.-1.0251*. 3.0111*. 3.0112*
Huish, M.T.-1.0138*
Hunn, J.B. -2.0248*. 2.0249*. 2.0250*.
2.0251*. 2.0252*. 2.0253*. 2.0254*
Hutchinson, D.C. -1.0277, 1.0278
Irizarry, R.-2.0195*
Isaac, R.A. -1.0156*
Ito, T.-1.018S*
Jackson, R.K.-1.0013
Jenkins, J.H.-1.0138
Jester, D.B. -4.0081 *
Jobbins, D.M. -2.0061*, 2.0062*
Johnsen, T.N. -1.0004*
Johnson, B.T. -1.0349*, 1.0350*. 1.0351*.
1.0352*
Johnson, C.L. -3.0080, 3.0081
Johnson, F.H. -2.0214*. 2.0215*
Johnson, H.E. -1.0161, 1.0261*. 1.0343
Johnson, H.P. -1.0044*
Johnson, K. -3.0059
Johnson, M.W.-3.0035*
Johnston, L. -4.0043*
Johnston, P.M.-3.0019*
Johnstone, D.B. -1.0213*
Jolliff, T.M. -2.0221*. 2.0222*. 4.0082*
Jones, D.W. -2.0032
Jones, E.R.-1.0052*
Jones, R.H. -4.0045*
Judge, F.D. -2.0281*
Kallio, R.E. -1.0331*
Kanakkanatt, S.V. -2.0284, 2.0285
Kaphmky, A.J. -1.0182*
Kashin, P.-4.0051*
Katkamky, S.C. -3.0022
Katz, M.-1.0313*
Kausch, R.C. -1.0184
Kearney, P.C.-1.0071*
Keating, J.F. -2.0196*. 4.0077*
Keeney, D.R. -2.0185*
Keller, M. -2.0202*
Keltner, J.M.-1.0128
Kendle, E.R. -2.0217*
Kennedy, H.D. -1.0275, 1.0277*. 1.0278*.
1.0279*. 1.0280*
Kerr, J.P. -1.0245*
Keth, J.O. -1.0325*
Kevern, N.R. -1.0161, 1.0162, 1.0339, 1.0340,
1.0342*
Kidd, D. -4.0021
Kilantbi, R.v. -3.0019
-------
Kilgor. W.W.-L0322*
Kng,E.L.- 2.0210, 2.0211
King, L.G. -1.0102*
Kingsbury, J.M. -4.0022*
Kircheis, F. -3.0030*
KitzmUler, J.B. -2.0034*
Klaassen, H.E. -1.0334
Klontz, G.W. -3.0074*
Knake, E.L. -1.0145*
Knapp, D.B. -1.0325
Knapp, F.W. -2.0039*
Knapp, S.E. -3.00S4
Knight, K.L. -2.0075*
K«isel,W.G. -1.0101*
Knispel, W. -2.0229*
Knudson, V.A. -1.0343*
Koch, WJ. -2.0072
Kokernot, R.H. -2.0083*
Kolodziej, BJ. -4.0027
Koplin, J.R. -i.0320*
Korn.S.- 1.0284
Krausz, N.G. -1.0332*
Krueger, R. -1.0163
Kuenzler, E J. -2.0073*
Kuitert, L.C. -2.0029*
Kunze, G.W. -1.0211
Kuo, E.C. - 1.0085
Kurtz, A. -1.0306*
Like, R.W. -2.0025*
Lancaster, J.L. -2.0003*. 2.0004*, 4.0032*
Lam, C.E. -1.0243*, 1.0244*
Lineman, G.- 1.0209
Larson, W.C. -4.0015*
Lathwell, DJ. -1.0186
Lau,L.S. -1.0036*
Uudani, U. -2.0038
Lavy, T.L. - 1.0061*
Lawless, E.W. -1.0060*
Lawrence, J.M. -1.0228, 1.0319, 2.0092*,
2.0093*. 2.0094*
Lebrecque, G.C. -2.0026*
Lecis, A. -2.0038
Lee, G.B. -1.0223, 1.0224, 1.0226*
Leeling, N.C. -1.0259, 1.0261, 1.0262*,
1.0344*
Leith, D. -3.0059
Lekic, M.-2.0188*
Leland. B.J. -1.0143*, 1.0328"
Leland, H.V. - 1.0146*
Lennon, R.E. -1.0366*
Leonard, D.E.- 1.0335
Lesser, C.A. -2.0272*
Letey, J. -1.0016
Lewallen, M.J. - 1.0032*
Lewis, G.C. -1.0141*
Liechtenstein, E.P. -1.0111*
Lie, K.J. -2.0270*
Lien, R.M. -2.0136*
Lindquist, D.A. -2.0030*
Lindsay, C. -3.0082*
Linn, J. -2.0189*
Livermore, D.F. -2.0181, 2.0182
Lloyd, J.E. -2.0090*
Lockwood, J. - 1.0057
Loeb, H.A. -2.0223*, 2.0224*. 2.0225*
Lorn, J.- 3.0101
Lowe, J.I. -1.0241*
Luckmann, W.H. -1.0038, 1.0330*
Lueschow, L.A. -1. 022 1*
Lutz, J.F. - 1.0071, 1.0072*. 1.0073*, 1.0074
Macek, K.J. -1.0281*. 1.0282*. 1.0283*.
1.0284*. 1.0337*
Machadoallison, C. -4.0055
Mackenzie, C.L. -2.0271*
Maclinn, W.A. -1.0064*
Maddox, D.M. -2.0186
Mahooey, J.B. -3.0040*
Maibach, H.I. -4.0041'
Maloney, J.E. -3.0036*
Maloney, T.E. -1.0125*
Malueg, K.W. -2.0168. 2.0169, 2.0171
Mameli, M. -2.0038
Manion, P.J. -2.0206*
Manning, J.H. -4.00 12*
Maiuell, R.S. - 1.0027, 1.0028*
Manzi, J.J. -2.0271
March R B. -2.0015
•INDICATES PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
INVESTIGATOR INDEX
Marshall, H.L. -2.0073
Marshall, L.C. -4.0007*
Martin, J.P. -1.0011*. 1.0020*
Martin, W.W. -2.0071, 2.0072
Mathleson, A.C. -4.0018*
Matsumura, F. -1.0222. 2.0089*
Mauck, W.L.-1.0353
May, D.S. -1.0219
Mayer, F.L. -1.0268, 1.0285*, 1.0286*
1.0287*, 1.0353*
McClelland, G.A. -2.0010, 4.0070
McCoy, R.H.-3.0116
McCracken, R.J. -1.0074*
McCrory, H.F. -4.0064*
McDaniel, I.V. -2.0046*
McDonald, D.B. -1.0149*
McDowell, L.L. -1.0170*
McElwain, I. -3.0103
McFarland, L.Z. -1.0322
McGinty, DJ. -2.0199*
McHenry, J.R.-1.0170
Mcllhenny, W.F. -2.0151*
McKee, S. -2.0284
McKee, T. -3.0059
McKenna, E.J. -1.0331
McKinney, J.M. -3.0062*, 3.0063*, 3.0064*,
3.0065*, 3.0066*, 3.0067*, 3.0068*
McLean, E.O. -1.0191
McMillion, L.G. -1.0079
McNabb, C.D. -1.0161
McNeal, B.L.-1.0104
McNeil, WJ. -3.0053*. 3.0118*
McNeish, J.D. -1.0252*
Mechalas, B.J. -1.0116*, 1.0117
Medem, F. -4.0044*
Megard, R.O. -4.0016*
Mehrle, P.M. -1.0269, 1.0287, 1.0288*.
1.0289*, 1.0290*
Meisch, M.V. -2.0003
Menn, C.T. -2.0231*
Menzel, D.W. -1.0140*
Menzel, R.G. -1.0080*
Menzer, R.E. -1.0154
Merkle, M.G. -1.0095
Merna, J.W. -1.0263*. 1.0264*
Merrell, T.R. -1.0232*
Metcalf, R.L. -1.0333*
Meyer, F.P. -3.0020*
Michael, T. -2.0047
Michelson, E.H. -2.0277
Mick, D.-1.0149
Micklus, R. -2.0216*
Middleton, J.E.-1.0104
Millemann, R.A. -1.0304*
Millemann, R.E. -1.0305*, 3.0054*
Miller, B.S.-3.0021
Miller, C.W. -1.0127*
Miller, G.C. -3.0047*
Miller, G.T.-1.0070
Miller, H.N.-2.0121
Miller, L.T. -3.0069
Miller, R.G. -2.0203
Milliff, R.H. -3.0076
Mills, D. -3.0059
Ming, A.D. -1.0356*
Mintz, D.S.-1.0291*
Mitchum, D.L. -3.0107*, 3.0133*
Monke, E.J. -1.0041*
Montgomery, A.B. -2.0128*
Moon, D.H.-1.0292
More, H.H. -2.0207
More, W.R. -3.0073*
Merman, R.H. -2.0203, 2.0204, 2.0209
Mortland, M.M. -1.0057
Motto, H.L.-4.0019
Mueller, C.C.-1.0104
Mulla, M.S. -1.0324*, 2.0018*
Mulligan, H.F. -1.0186, 4.0023*. 4.0024*
Mullin, S.W. -2.0270
Mullins, J.T. -2.0031*
Murphey, F. -2.0025
Murphy, S.D.-1.0255*
Murray, D.L.-2.0133
Murray, G. -2.0233
Musick, J.A. -2.0233*
Narang, S.L. -2.0013
Naylor, D.V.-1.0141
Neel,J.K.-4.0025*
Neff, S.E. -4.0073*
3-3
Negi, N.S. -1.0228
Nelms, G.E. -2.0090
Nelson, J.L.-1.0106, 1.0107
Nelson, W.E. -1.0003*
Newsom, L.D. -1.0250*
Nicholson, B.P. -3.0031*
Nickum, J.G. -1.0205*
Nielsen, D.R. -1.0013
Nimmo, D.W. -1.0242*
Oborn, E.T. -1.0292*
Oconnor, J.E. -1.0068
Odlaug, T.O. -1.0167
Ogg, A.G. -2.0179*
Oleary, G.P. -3.0071*
Oliver, A.D. -2.0144*. 2.0145*
Olney, C.E.-1.0201*, 1.0202*
Olson, D.E. -4.0079*
Olson, T.A. -1.0166*, 1.0167*, 4.0017*
Ominde, S. -4.0059*
Orcutt, H.G. -3.0022
Ordal, EJ. -3.0126*
Orear, C.W. -3.0046*
Orsenigo, J.R. -2.0114*
Osmun, J.V. -4.0054*
Otto, N.E. -2.0106, 2.0107, 2.0110*, 2.0111"
2.0112*, 4.0003*
Owens, A.G. -2.0042
Palmer, J.S.-1.0212*
Pan, S.C. -2.0277
Pant, C.P. -4.0070
Paschke, J.D.-2.0035*
Patrick, R.-2.0174*
Patterson, C.E. -4.0021
Payne, B.R.-1.0062*
Payne, W.R. -1.0135
Pearce, G. -2.0051*
Pearce, W.A. -2.0220*
Pearson, W.G. -4.0071
Peneke, E.S. -1.0345*
Peoples, S.A.-1.0322
Perkins, B.D. -2.0095*
Peterle, T.J. -1.0078*
Peters, A.-1.0199*
Peters, T.M. -2.0052*
Peterson, D.H. -1.0120*
Peterson, R.P. -4.0015
Pfister, R.M. -4.0027*
Phaup, J.D. -4.0009*
Phillips, R.E.-1.0048*
Phillips, R.L. -2.0123*
Pilcher, K.S. -3.0049, 3.0051, 3.0116
Pippin, W.F. -2.0084*
Plum, W.B.-1.0121
Plumb, J.A. -3.0002*. 3.0003*. 3.0004*
3.0005*. 3.0006*. 3.0007*. 3.0008*
3.0009*. 3.0010*
Poertner, H. -1.0142
Poff, R. -2.0264*
Pollard, H. -2.0197*
Pollard, J.F. -2.0274*
Porges, R.-1.0184
Powell, J.-1.02 3 3
Prashad, V. -4.0055
Pratt, I.-3.0055*
Presley, H.J. -2.0134*
Price, K.-2.0128
Pringle, B.H. -2.0291*
Pulford, E. -3.0059*
Pund, W.A. -4.0064
Purvis, H.A. -2.0207*
Putz, R.E. -3.0100, 3.0102, 3.0103*, 3.0105*,
3.0128, 3.0129, 3.0130, 3.0131*, 3.0132*
Pycha, R.L. -2.0235*
Querry, M.R.-1.0177*
Quinn, S. -2.0284
Quraishi, M.S. -1.0077*
Ragotzkie, R.A. -1.0112*. 1.0317*
Rahn, E.M. -1.0025*
Rai, K.S. -2.0036*
Raleigh, S.M. -1.0090
Ramalingam, S. -4.0055, 4.0060*
Randies, C.I. -4.0027
Rao, V.P.-2.0135*
Rappleye, R.D. -4.0013*
Raun, E.S. -2.0037*
Rayner, HJ. -3.0119*
Rayner, J.H. -2.0228, 4.0083*
Reeves, E.L. -2.0007*. 2.0019*
Reeves, R.L. -2.0020*
-------
INVESTIGATOR INDEX
Reiliy, J.R. -1.0359*
Reimold, RJ.-I 0139*
Reinbold, K.A. -1.0330
Reinert, R. -1.0160*, 1.0256», S.0338*
Reuszer, H.W. -1.0041
Reynolds, T.D. -1.0211
Rich, E.D.-2.0124
Richards, C.S. -2.0276'
Richardson, C.W. -1.0101
Riemer, D.N. -2.0162*. 4.0019*, 4.0020*
Ries, S.K. -1.0057, 2.0150
Riewe, M.E. -2.0082*
Ritter, W.F. -1.0044
Roan, C.C.-4.0031*
Roberts, D.W. -2.0070*. 2.0071*
Roberts, R.H. -2.0056', 4.0064, 4.0065*
Roberts, S. -1.0104
Robinson, R.M. -3.0075*
Rodgers, C.A. -1.0293*. 1.0348
Rodriguez, D.P. -4.0055
Roedel, P.M. -3.0022*
Rogers, W.A. -3.0011*. 3.0012*. 3.0013*.
3.0014*. 3.0015*. 3 0109*
Rogoff, W.M.-2.0011*
Rome;, D. -3.0059
Rose, C.D. -2.0275*
Rosen, L. -2.0047
Rosenleld, A.-1.0173
Rosentield, A. -3.0033, 3.0034*
Ross, AJ. -3.0085, 3 0086*, 3.0087*. 3.0090,
3.0091, 3 0093, 3.0121, 3.0122*, 3.0123*
Roth, H.G. -2.0295
Rowley, W.A. -4.0056*. 4.0057*
Rozeboom, L.E. -2.0047*, 4.0061'
Rucker, R.R. -3.0088*
Rugen, P.C. -2.0205, 2.0208*
Rutledge, W.P. -4.0084*. 4.0085*
Ryan, E.P. -3.0115'
Sakai, R.K. -2.0048
Salomon, M. -1.0202
Samson, K.S. -2.0280
Sanders, D.P. -2.0082
Sanders, H.O. -1.0275, 1.0294*. 1.0354*.
1.0355*
Sanlelmann, P.W. -1.0081*
Sayre, R. -2.0230*
Scalf, M.R. -1.0079*
Scanlon, J.E. -2.0083
Schaefer, C. -2 0008*. 4.0035*
Scheffer, T.C. -2.0296*
Schick, R. -4.0038
Schinazi, L.A. -1.0117'
Schmidt, M.L. -4.0067*
Schneider, A.D. -1.0094*
Schoettger, R.A. -1.0366, 2.0260*. 2.0261*.
2.0262
Schoonover, R.E. -2.0137*
SchulLs, D.W. -2.0168, 2.0169, 2.0171
Schultz, L.P. -2.0273*
Schulz, J.T. -2.0076*
Schulz, K.R. -1.01 II
Schwab, G.O.-1.0191*. 1.0192*
Schwiesow, W.F.-1.0154*
Scifres, C.J. -1.0096*
Sclymosy, S.L. -2.0146
Seabra, A.P. -2.0266
Sears, H.S. -1.0232
Seiber, J.N. -1.0322
Seyb, L.P. -2.0172*
Shane, M.S. -4.0004*
Shannon, E.H. -2.0226*
Shannon, L.R. -1.0247
Sheets, TJ.-1.0075*. 1.0189*
Shellenberger, T.E. -1.0152*
Shirley, R.L. -2.0119, 4.0005*
Sieling, F.W. -3.0032*
Sigel, M.M. -3.0027*
Sigler, W.F. -4.0029
Sills, J.B. -1.0314, 1.0315, 2.0236, 2.0237,
2.0238, 2.0239
Silverstein, F.A. -4.0023
Simco, J.S. -2.0005*
Sinnbuber, R.O. -3.0056*
Sis, R.F. -3.0076*
Skinner, W.A. -4.0040*
Skye, G.E. -4.0049
Slack, K.V. -4.0002*
Slife, F.W. -1.0145
Smith, A.G. -1.0325
•INDICATES PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Smith, B.R. -2.0209*
Smith, D.E. -4.0006*
Smith, G.E.-1.0178*. 1.0179*
Smith, J.M. -1.0115*
Smith, R.C.-1 0132
Smith, RJ. -2.0097», 2.0098*
Smith, R.L. -1.0103*
Smith, R.M. -1.0253, 1.0254
Smith, R.R. -3.0080
Smith, W.W. -2.0032*
Snow, C.D. -3.0060*
Solberg, R.A. -1.0297
Sollersriedel, H. -4.0042
Spacie, A.-1.0357*
Spencer, N.-2.0120*
Spencer, W.F.-1.0021*
Spillett, JJ. -2.0292
Sprugel, G. -1.0144*
Staba, E.J. -2.0152*
Stalling, D.L. -1.0173*, 1.0174*, 1.0267,
1.0293, 1.0295*, 1.0354
Stanley, J.G. -3.0106
Stark, R.W.-1.0321*
Steelman, C.D. -2.0040
Steffan, W.A. -4.0050*
Steinhauer, W. -1.0159
Stengle, T.J. -1.0214*
Stephenson, M.E. -1.0162*
Stevenson, F. -2.0227'
Steward, K.K.-2.0115*
Stewart, G.F. -1.0012
Stewart, N.E. -1.0304
Stiff, M.L.-2.0146
Stitt, L.L. •1.0063*
Strong, F.M. -2.0265*
Stuckey, H.M. -3.0096, 3.0097, 3.0098
Stucky, N. -1.0298*
Styron, C. -1.0070
Suffet, I.H. -1.0198*
Sullivan, R.H.-1.0142*
Summertelt, R.C. -3.0038*
Suskind, R.R. -1.0190*
Svendsen, G.E. -2.0260, 2.0262*
Swedberg, D. -1.0296'
Swedburg, D.V. -1.0318*
Sweeny, K.H. -1.0014*. 1.0118*, 1.0323*
Swoboda, A.R. -1.0097*
Tadano, T. -2.0013
Talbert, R.E.-1.0009*
Talekar, N.S. -1.0111
Tallent, W.H. -2.0198*
Tarrant, R.F.-1.0083*
Tash, J.C. -2.0170
Taylor, A.W.-1.0053*. 1.0054*
Taylor, B.F.-1.0131*
Teas, H.J.-1.0132*
Terriere, L.C.-1.0304
Terwedow, H. -4.0055
Tesfavohannes, T. -4.0061
Thomas, A.E. -3.0120
Thomas, G.W.-1.0098*
Thomaston, W.W. -2.0125*. 2.0126*. 2.0127*,
2.0194*
Thompson, E.G. -4.0071
Thompson, E.M. -1.0300
Thompson, L.F. -2.0175*
Thompson, N.R. -2.0045
Thompson, W.H. -4.0075*
Thomson, J.M.-1.0233*
Thome, E.T.-3.0134*
Thorsteinson, AJ. -2.0021*
Tilstra, J.R. -2.0168, 2.0169, 2.0171
Timmons, F.L. -1.0015*. 1.0107*. 2.0186*,
2.0187*
Tindle, R.C.-1.0173, 1.0175*, 1.0176*, 1.0295
Tinsley, I.J. -1.0360
Tipton, V.J. -4.0071*
Tompkins, W.A. -1.0157*
Tonn, R.J. -4.0070
Torblaa, R.L. -2.0205
Torgeson, D.C.-1.0069*
Toth,-2.0163
Toubangeau, P.C. -1.0297
Tourine, F.M.-2.0163*
Travis, B.V. -2.0067*. 2.0068*
Triplet!, G.B.-1.0196*
Trpis, M. -4.0070
Tubb, R.A. -I.0300', 1.0301*
Tuck, C. -1.0209*
3-4
Udey, L.R. -3.0116
Ukeles, R. -1.0326*
Ussary,J.P.-1.0172*
Vadas, R.L. -1.0336*. 2.0148*
Valliant, J. -1.0100*
Vance, B.J. -1.0233
Vanderborgh, N.E. -4.0021*
Vanhandel, E. -4.0049*
Vanlepik, J. -3.0029*
Veilh, G.D. -1.0226
Viets, F.G. -1.0024*
Vind, H.P. -2.0267*
Volk, V.V. -1.0084*, 1.0085*
Voorhees, F.R. -4.0052
Waldron, A.C. -1.0191, 1.0193*
Walker, R. -3.0045'
Walker, R.L. -2.0050*
Walsh, D.F.-1.0282, 1.0283
Walsh, G.E.-1.0128*
Ward, R.A. -4.0046
Ware, F.J. -2.0192*. 2.0193'
Ware, G.W.-1.0007*
Warlen, S.M. -1.0299*
Warner, R.W. -3.0022
Warren, C.E.-1.0362*
Warren, J.W.-3.0104
Wasawo, D. -4.0059
Washburn, R.H. -2.0002*
Washino. R.K. -2.0010
Watts, J.G.-2.0164*
Webber, PJ. -1.0184*
Weber, D.T.-2.0190*
Wedemeyer, G. -1.0312', 2.0234*, 3.0089*.
3.0090*, 3.0124*, 3.0125*
Weed, S.B. -1.0076*
Weidhaas, D.E. -2.0027*, 2.0033*
Weir, F.W.-1.0302*
Weir, P.A.-1.0302
Welch, E.B.-2.0180'
Weldon, L.W. -2.0116, 2.0118*, 2.0129*,
2.0186
Welling*, S.R. -3.0021*
Werner, R.G.-2.0219*
Wershaw, R.L.-1.0022*
Westgate, J. -3.0059
Westlake, W.E. -1.0018, 1.0019
Westley, R.E. -2.0293*. 3.0082
White, A.W.-1.0033*
White, E.M.-1.0092*
White, J.L. -1.0042*
White, R.L. -2.0232*
Whitley, J.R. -2.0154*. 2.0155*. 2.0156*,
2.0157'
Whitney, E.W. -2.0128
Whittlesey, N.E.-1.0104
Whitworth, W.R. -3.0025*
Wierenga, P.J. -1.0066*
Wiese, A.-1.0099*
Wilbur, R.-2.0128
Willford, W.W.-2.0261
Williams, G.C.-1.0113, 1.0229, 1.0230, 1.0231
Williams, S. -1.0233
Willis, G.H. -1.0050*
Willrich, T.L. -1.0045*
Wilson, A.J.-1.0129*
Wilson, B.H. -2.0040
Wilson, G.I. -2.0280
Wilson, H.A.-1.0220*
Wilson, R.F.-1.0122*
Wilson, S.U. -1.0132
Wingo, C.W. -2.0057*
Winterlin, W. -1.0322
Witt, A.-1.0366
Wolcott, A.R. -1.0057
Wolf, K.E. -3.0104*
Wolke, R. -3.0070*
Wolke, R.E. -3.0025
Woodard, F.E. -4.0011
Woodhouse, W.W. -1.0074
Woodwell, G.M. -1.0068*
Woolen, G.W. -1.0195*
Worthen, L.R. -1.0363*
Wright, J.F.-1.0184
Wright, J.W. -4.0070*
Wuderlich, W.E. -2.0147*
Yap, H.H. -1.0168
Yasuno, M. -4.0070
Yasutake, W.T. -3.0087, 3.0090, 3.0091*
3.0092*. 3.0093*, 3.0094*. 3.0095*
-------
INVESTIGATOR INDEX
Yates, MX.-1.0215*
\«>, R.R. -2.0100. 2.0101*. 2.0104*
Yermanos, D.M. -1.0017, 2.0017
Yoshida, R.N. -2.0131*
Zavortlnk, TJ. -4.0038
Zettler, F.W. -2.0121*. 2.0122*
Zinn, J. -3.0116
Zwerman, PJ. -1.0186*.
•IND1CA
.TESWUNCIPALINVHTWATOR
3-5
-------
PERFORMING ORGANIZATION INDEX
Acad. of Nat. Sci. of Phila. ...Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 2 0174
Aerojet General Corporation ...£/ Monte, California, 10014 10116
1.0117,1.0118,1.0323. ' '
Amer. Mosquito Control Assn. ...Selma, California, 4.0042.
Amer. Public Works Assn. ...Chicago, Illinois, 1.0142.
Analytical Biochemistry Labs. ...Columbia, Missouri, 1.0172.
Aquatic Sciences Incorporated ...Boca Raton, Florida, 1.0237.
Arizona State University ...Tempe, Arizona, 1.0005.
Athens College ...Athens, Alabama, 2.0091.
Auburn University ...Auburn, Alabama, 1.0001, 1.0002 I 0228 1 0319
2.0001, 2.0092, 2.0093, 2.0094, 3.0001, 3.0002, 3.0003' 30004*
3.0005, 3.0006, 3.0007, 3.0008, 3.0009, 3.0010, 3.0011' 30012'
3.0013, 3.0014, 3.0015, 3.0016, 3.0017, 3.0108, 3.0109,4.0001. '
B. Thompson Inst. Plant Res. ...Yonkers, New York, 1.0069 20070
2.0071.
Battelle Memorial Institute ...Richtand, Washington, 1.0106, 1.0107.
Bernice P. Bishop Museum ...Honolulu, Hawaii, 4.0050.
Bionomics Inc ...Wareham, Massachusetts, 1.0337.
Blackland Conserv. Res. Center ...Temple, Texas, 1.0101.
Brookhaven Natl. Lab. ...Upton, New York, 1.0068.
Cairo University ...Cairo, United Arab Republic, 2.0085.
Central Fla. Agric, Expt. Sta. ...Sanford, Florida, 1.0029.
Citrus Agricultural Expt. Sta. ...Lake Alfred, Florida, 2.0123.
City University of New York ...Flushing, New York, 2.0165.
Clemson University ...Clemson, South Carolina, 1.0091, 2.0081.
Colorado State University ...Fort Collins, Colorado, 1.0023, 1.0123.
Comm. Inst. of Biolog. Control ...Bangalore, India, 2.0135.
Comm. Inst. of Biolog. Control ...Rawalpindi, Pakistan, 2.0173.
Comm. Sci. & Indus. Res. Org. ...Griffith, New South Wales, Australia,
1.0010.
Cornell University ...Ithaca, New York, 1.0185, 2.0282.
Delaware River Basin Comm. ...Trenton, New Jersey, 1.0183, 1.0184.
Delta Branch Experiment Sta. ...Stoneville, Mississippi, 2.0056, 4.O064,
4.0065.
Detroit Lakes Engin. Dept. ...Detroit Lakes, Minnesota, 4.0015.
Dow Chemical Company ...Midland, Michigan, 2.0151.
Drexel University ...Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 1.0198.
Duke University ...Durham, North Carolina, 1.0187.
East Carolina University ...Greenville, North Carolina, 1.0188, 3.0046,
3.0115.
Environmental Defense Fund ...Riverhead, New York, 2.0069.
Everglades Agric. Expt. Sta. ...Belle Glade, Florida, 2.0114.
Florida Agric. Expt. Station ...Fort Lauderdale, Florida, 2.0115.
Francis T. Nicholls State Coll ...Thibodaux, Louisiana, 2.0275.
Franklin Institute ...Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 1.0199.
Georgetown University ...Washington, District of Columbia, 3.0026.
Georgia Agric. Expt. Sta. ...Griffin, Georgia, 1.0031.
Gulf Coast Pasture Cattle Sta. ...Angleton, Texas, 2.0082.
Gulf South Research Institute ...Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 1.0152.
Harvard University ...Boston, Massachusetts, 1.0255, 2.0277.
High Plains Research Found. ...Plainview, Texas, 1.0100.
Humboldt State College ...Arcata, California, 1.0320.
Illinois Inst. of Technology ...Chicago, Illinois, 4.0051.
Inst. for Plant Protection ...Belgrade, Yugoslavia, 2.0188.
Internal. Coun. of Sci. Unions ...Zurich, Switzerland, 1.0206.
Iowa State University ...Ames, Iowa, 1.0043, 1.0044, 1.0O45, 1.0247,
2.0037, 4.0008, 4.0056, 4.0057.
Irrigation Ag. Res. & Ex. Ctr. ...Prosser, Washington, 2.0178.
Istituto Genetico ...Cagliari. Italy, 2.0038.
Jason M Cortell & Associate ...Natick, Massachusetts, 2.0149.
Johns Hopkins University ...Baltimore, Maryland. 2.0047, 4.0061.
Justus Liebig Universitat ...Giessen, Germany, 2.0130.
Kansas State University .Manhattan Kansas, 1.0046, 1.0334.
Kent State University ...Kent, Ohio, 2.0287.
I ™Il University QMbec City, Quebec, Canada, 3.0023.
\ K* Y^InYveratv Bethlehem, Pennsylvania. 3.0061.
Lehigh University .. ...Baton Rouge. Louisiana, 1.0049, 1.0050,
Louisiana biaic , n/un 2OO41 2.O139. 2.O140. 2.0141. 2.OI42.
a ..
I 0250 20040, 2.0041, 2.0139, 2.0140, 2.0141, 2.0142,
l 2 0144 '2 0145, 3.0028, 3.0029, 4.0010.
.«,«'». University ...New Orleans, Louisiana, 1.0153.
Louisiana State u"' *ion _,,Evans Citv. Pennsylvania, 1.0086.
Mahidof Un^etify^Bangkok. Tha,,and. 4.0072.
McNeese State College ...Lake Charles, Louisiana, 2.0043, 2.0044,
2.0045.
Michigan State University ...East Lansing. Michigan, 1.0057, 1.0161,
1.0162, 1.0259, 1.0260, 1.0261, 1.0262, 1.0339, 1.0340, 1.0341,
1.0342, 1.0343, 1.0344, 1.0345, 2.0053, 2.0150.
Midwest Research Institute ...Kansas City, Missouri, 1.0060, 1.0180.
Monsanto Research Corporation ...Dayton, Ohio, 1.0195.
Montana State University ...Bozeman, Montana, 2.0058, 2.0059, 2.0158,
2.0159, 2.0160, 2.0161, 4.0080.
New Mexico State University ...Las Cruces, New Mexico, 1.0065, 1.0066,
2.0164,4.0081.
New York State Agric. Sta. ...Geneva, New York, 2.0281.
North Dakota State University ...Fargo, North Dakota, 1.0077, 2.0076.
Ohio Agric. Res. & Dev. Center ...Wooster, Ohio, 1.0196.
Ohio State University ...Columbus, Ohio, 1.0078, 1.0191, 1.0192,
1.0193, 1.0300, 1.0301, 1.0302,4.0026,4.0027.
Okla. St. Univ. ...Stillwater, Oklahoma, 1.0081.
Oregon State University ...Corvallis, Oregon, 1.0082, 1.0083, 1.0084,
1.0085, 1.0303, 1.0304, 1.0305, 1.0360, 1.0361, 1.0362, 2.0077,
2.0078, 2.0167, 2.0288, 2.0289, 3.0048, 3.0049, 3.0050, 3.0051,
3.0052, 3.0053, 3.0054, 3.0055, 3.0056, 3.0116, 3.0117, 3.0118,
3.0119.
Penn. State University ...University Park, Pennsylvania, 1.0087, 1.0088,
1.O089, 1.0090, 1.0306, 2.0080.
Plantation Field Laboratory ...Fort Lauderdale, Florida, 2.0116.
Princeton University ...Princeton, New Jersey, 1.0182.
Providence College ...Providence, Rhode Island, 3.0071.
Purdue University ...Lafayette, Indiana, 1.0039, 1.0040, 1.0041, 1.0042,
1.0148, 1.0246, 2.0035, 2.0136, 4.0053, 4.0054.
Rensselaer Polytechnic Inst. ...Troy, New York, 3.0045.
Rice Pasture Res. & Ext. Ctr. ...Beaumont, Texas, 2.0176.
Rollins College ...Winter Park, Florida, 4.0006.
Rutgers the State University ...New Brunswick, New Jersey, 1.0064,
2.0060, 2.0061, 2.0062, 2.0162, 3.0114, 4.0019, 4.0020.
Saint Andrews Presby. College ...Laurinburg, North Carolina, 1.0070.
Skidaway Inst. of Oceanograph. ...Savannah, Georgia, 1.0140.
Smithsonian Institution ...Washington, District of Columbia, 2.0273.
South Dakota State University ...Brookings, South Dakota, 1.0092,
1.0203, 1.0204, 1.0205, 1.0364.
Southern Illinois University ...Carbondale, Illinois, 4.0007.
Stanford Research Institute ...Menlo Park, California, 1.0015, 4.0040.
State Board of Health ...Indianapolis, Indiana, 1.0147.
State Bur. of Water Management ...Lansing, Michigan, 1.0163.
State Conservation Department ...Albany, New York, 2.0219.
State Conservation Department ...Cape Vincent, New York, 2.0220.
State Conservation Department ...Livingston Manor, New York, 2.0223,
2.0224, 2.0225.
State Conservation Department ...Rome, New York, 3.0041, 3.0042,
3.0043.
State Dept. of Ches. Bay Afrs. ...Annapolis, Maryland, 4.0012.
State Dept. of Conserv. ...Columbia, Missouri, 2.0154.
State Dept. of Conserv. ...Jefferson City, Missouri, 1.0356, 2.0155,
2.0156, 2.0157, 3.0038.
State Dept. of Env. Conserv. ...Cape Vincent, New York, 2.0221, 2.0222,
4.0082.
State Dept. of Env. Conserv. ...Rome, New York, 3.0044.
State Dept. of Fish & Game ...Sacramento, California, 1.0235, 2.0103,
2.0189, 3.0022.
State Dept. of Fisheries ...Otympia, Washington, 2.0293, 3.0082.
State Dept. of Game ...Olympia, Washington, 1.0217, 1.0310, 1.0311.
State Dept. of Game & Fish ...Santa Fe, New Mexico, 2.0218.
State Dept. of Game Fish & Pk. ...Pierre, South Dakota, 2.0175.
State Dept. of In. Fish & Game ...Augusta, Maine, 2.0200, 3.0030.
State Dept. of In. Fish & Game ...Bangor, Maine, 2.0201.
State Dept. of Nat. Resources ...Lansing, Michigan, 1.0164.
State Dept. of Nat. Resources ...Madison, Wisconsin, 2.0263 2 0264
3.0106, 4.0086.
State Dept. of Pub. Health ...Springfield, Illinois, 1.0328.
State Dept. of Pub. Instruct. ...Springfield, Illinois, 1.0143.
State Dept. of Water Resources ...Sacramento, California, 2.0104.
State Div. of Env. Protection ...Madison, Wisconsin, 1.0221.
4-1
-------
PERFORMING ORGANIZATION INDEX
State Div. of Fi. Gm. & Shfsh. ...Trenton, New Jersey, 2.0063 2.0064
2.0065, 2.0066, 2.0163.
State Div. of Fish & Game ...Honolulu, Hawaii, 2.0131.
State Div. of Fish & Wildlife ...Dover, Delaware, 2.0024, 2.0272.
State Div. of Fish & Wildlife ..Indianapolis, Indiana, 2.0199.
State Div. of Fisheries & Game ...Weslboro, Massachusetts, 1.0156
1.0157.
State Div. of Game & Fish ...Tallahassee, Florida, 2.0192, 2.0193.
State Div. of Game & Fish ...Saint Paul, Minnesota, 2.0153, 2.0212,
2.0213, 2.0214, 2.0215, 2.0216, 3.0035, 3.0036, 4.0079.
State Div. of Game Fish & Pks, ...Fort Collins, Colorado, 2.0190.
State Div. of Health ...Vero Beach, Florida, 4.0049.
State Div. of Oysters ...Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 2.0274.
State Div. of Wildlife ...Ashley, Ohio, 2.0227.
State Fish & Game Department ...Boise, Idaho. 2.0195, 2.0196, 2.0197,
4.0077.
Stale Fish & Game Department ...Billings, Montana, 3.0039.
State Fish & Wildlife Admin. ...Annapolis, Maryland, 3.0032.
State Fish Commission ...Portland, Oregon, 2.0228, 3.0057, 3.0058,
3.0059, 3.0060, 4.0083.
State Fish Commission ...Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, 3.0062, 3.0063,
3.0064, 3.0065, 3.0066, 3.0067, 3.0068.
State Fish Division ...Lansing, Michigan, 2.0202.
State Forest. Fish & Game Com. ...Pratt, Kansas, 1.0150, 2.0137,
4.0078.
State Game & Fish Commission ...Atlanta, Georgia, 2.0125, 2.0126,
2.0(27, 2.0194,4.0076.
State Game & Fish Commission ...Cheyenne, Wyoming, 3.0107, 3.0133,
3.0134.
State Game & Parks Commission ...Lincoln, Nebraska, 1.0298, 2.0217.
State Game Commission ...Portland, Oregon, 2.0229, 2.0230.
State Marine Conserv. Comm. ...Biloxi, Mississippi, 3.0037.
State Marine Resources Comm. ...Newport News, Virginia, 3.0077,
3.0078, 3.0079.
State Natural History Survey ...Urbana, Illinois, 1.0144, 1.0329, 1.0330.
State Parks & Wildlife Dept. ..Austin, Texas, 2.0231, 2.0232, 3.0072,
3.0073, 4.0084, 4.0085.
State Pollution Control Agency ...Minneapolis, Minnesota, 1.0166.
State Res. & Dev. Division ...Lansing, Michigan, 1.0263, 1.0264, 1.0346.
State University of New York ...Ithaca, New York, 1.0186, 2.0067,
2.0068, 2.0283, 4.0022, 4.0023, 4.0024.
State University of New York ...Stony Brook, New York, 2.0166.
State University of New York ...Syracuse, New York, 1.0067.
State Water Development Board ...Austin, Texas, 1.0209.
State Water Pollution Control ...Frankfort, Kentucky, 4.0009.
State Wildlife & Fish Comm. ...Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 1.0251. 3.0111,
3.0112.
State Wildlife Resources Comm. ...Raleigh, North Carolina, 2.0226.
Texas A & M University System ...College Station, Texas, 1.0095,
1.0096, 1.0097, 1.0098, 1.0099, 1.0211, 1.0365, 3.0074, 3.0075,
3.0076.
Texas Res. Foundation ...Renner, Texas, 4.0028.
Tuskegee Institute ...Tuskegee Institute, Alabama, 1.0003.
U.S. Air Force ...San Antonio, Texas, 2.0084.
U.S. Army ...Fort Clayton, Canal Zone, 4.0043.
U.S. Army ...Washington, District of Columbia, 4.0046.
U.S. Army ...Zama Honshu, Japan. 4.0058.
U.S. Army ...New Orleans, Louisiana, 2.0147.
U.S. Army ...Vicksburg, Mississippi. 1.0171.
U.S. Army ...San Antonio, Texas. 4.0071.
U.S. Dept. of Agriculture ...Buenos Aires. Argentina, 2.0095.
U.S. Dept. of Agriculture ...Flagstaff, Arizona, 1.0004.
U.S. Dept. of Agriculture ...Stuttgart, Arkansas, 2.0098.
U.S. Dept. of Agriculture ...Albany, California. 2.0099.
U.S Dept. of Agriculture ...Davis. California. 2.0100.
U.S. Dept. of Agriculture ...Fresno, California, 2.001 1.
U.S. Dept. of Agriculture ...Denver, Colorado, 2.0105, 4.0045.
U.S. Dept. of Agriculture ...Fort Collins, Colorado, 1.0024.
U.S. Dept. of Agriculture ...Washington. District of Columbia, 1.0026,
1.0124.
U.S. Dept. of Agriculture ...Fort Lauderdale, Florida, 2.01 17, 2.0118.
U.S. Dept. of Agriculture ...Gainesville, Florida, 2.0026, 2.0027, 4.0047.
U.S. Dept. of Agriculture ...Savannah, Georgia, 2.0129.
U.S. Dept. of Agriculture ...Watkinsville, Georgia, 1.0032, 1.0033.
U.S. Dept. of Agriculture ...Peoria, Illinois, 2.0198.
U.S. Dept. of Agriculture ...Beltsville, Marvland, 1.0052, 1.0053, 1.0054,
2.0049, 2.0050.
U.S. Dept. of Agriculture ...Oxford, Mississippi, 1.0170.
U.S. Dept. of Agriculture ...Las Cruces, New Mexico, 2.0280.
U.S. Dept. of Agriculture ...Coshocton, Ohio, 1.0194.
U.S. Dept. of Agriculture ...Durant, Oklahoma, 1.0080.
U.S. Dept. of Agriculture ...Corvallis. Oregon, 2.0079.
U.S. Dept. of Agriculture ...Bushland. Texas, 1.0094.
U.S. Dept. of Agriculture ...Kerrville, Texas. 1.0212.
U.S. Dept. of Agriculture ...Madison, Wisconsin, 2.0295, 2.0296.
U.S. Dept. of Commerce ...Auke Bav, Alaska. 1.0232.
U.S. Dept. of Commerce ...Milford, Connecticut, 1.0236, 1.0326, 2.0271.
U.S. Dept. of Commerce ...Gulf Breeze, Florida, 1.0127, 1.0128, 1.0129,
1.0238, 1.0239, 1.0240, 1.0241, 1.0242.
U.S. Dept. of Commerce ...Oxford, Maryland, 3.0033, 3.0034, 3.0113.
U.S. Dept. of Commerce ...Ann Arbor, Michigan, 1.0160, 1.0256,
1.0338.
U.S. Dept. of Commerce ...Lundington, Michigan, 2.0203.
U.S. Dept. of Commerce ...Marauette, Michigan, 2.0204, 2.0205,
2.0206, 2.0207, 2.0208, 2.0209.
U.S. Dept. of Commerce ...Millersburg, Michigan, 2.0210, 2.0211.
U.S. Dept. of Commerce ...Highlands, New Jersey, 3.0040.
U.S. Dept. of Commerce ...Beaufort, North Carolina, 1.0299.
U.S. Dept. of Commerce ...Seattle, Washington, 3.0083.
U S. Dept. of Commerce ...Ashland, Wisconsin, 2.0235.
U.S. Dept. of Hlth. Ed. & Wei. ...Bethesda, Maryland, 2.005), 2.0276,
4.0062.
U.S. Dept. of Hlth. Ed. & Wei. ...Narragansett, Rhode Island, 2.0291.
U.S. Dept. of the Interior ...Marion, Alabama, 1.0113, 1.0114, 1.0229,
1.0230, 1.0231.
U.S. Dept. of the Interior ...Stuttgart, Arkansas, 3.0020.
U.S. Dept. of the Interior ...Belvedere, California, 1.0234.
U.S. Dept. of the Interior ...Menlo Park, California, 1.0119, 1.0120,
4.0002.
U.S. Dept. of the Interior ...Denver, Colorado, 1.0022, 1.0122, 1.0325,
2.0106, 2.0107, 2.0108, 2.0109, 2.0110, 2.0111, 2.0112, 4.0003.
U.S. Dept. of the Interior ...Washington, District of Columbia, 1.0125.
U.S. Dept. of the Interior ...Tallahassee, Florida, 1.0134.
U.S. Dept. of the Interior ...Athens, Georgia, 1.0135.
U.S. Dept. of the Interior ...Atlanta, Georgia, 2.0128.
U.S. Dept. of the Interior ...Boise, Idaho, 2.0132.
U.S. Dept. of the Interior ...Columbia, Missouri, 1.0173, 1.0174, 1.0175,
1.0176, 1.0267, 1.0268, 1.0269, 1.0270, 1.0271, 1.0272, 1.0273,
1.0274, 1.0275, 1.0276, 1.0277, 1.0278, 1.0279, 1.0280, 1.0281,
1.0282, 1.0283, 1.0284, 1.0285, 1.0286, 1.0287, 1.0288, 1.0289,
1.0290, 1.0291, 1.0292, 1.0293, 1.0294, 1.0295, 1.0296, 1.0348,
1.0349, 1.0350, 1.0351, 1.0352, 1.0353, 1.0354, 1.0355.
U.S. Dept. of the Interior ...Ada, Oklahoma, 1.0079.
U.S. Dept. of the Interior ...Arlington, Virginia, 1.0215,
U.S. Dept. of the Interior ...Cook, Washington, 1.0309, 3.0080, 3.0081.
U.S. Dept. of the Interior ...Longview, Washington, 2.0177, 3.0120.
U.S. Dept. of the Interior ...Seattle, Washington, 1.0312, 2.0234, 3.0084,
3.0085, 3.0086, 3.0087, 3.0088, 3.0089, 3.0090, 3.0091, 3.0092,
3.0093, 3.0094, 3.0095, 3.0121, 3.0122, 3.0123, 3.0124, 3.0125.
U.S. Dept. of the Interior ...Kearneysville, West Virginia, 3.0096, 3.0097,
3.0098, 3.0099, 3.0100, 3.0101. 3.0102, 3.0103, 3.0104, 3.0127,
3.0128, 3.0129.
U.S. Dept. of the Interior ...Leetown, West Virginia, 3.0105, 3.0130,
3.0131, 3.0132.
U.S. Dept. of the Interior ...La Crosse, Wisconsin, 1.0108, 1.0314,
1.0315, 1.0316, 1,0366, 2.0236, 2.0237, 2.0238, 2.0239, 2.0240,
2.0241, 2.0242, 2.0243, 2.0244, 2.0245, 2.0246, 2.0247, 2.0248,
2.0249, 2.0250, 2.0251, 2.0252, 2.0253, 2.0254, 2.0255, 2.0256,
2.0257, 2.0258, 2.0259, 2.0260, 2.0261, 2.0262.
U.S. Dept. of the Interior ...Jackson, Wyoming, 1.0318.
U.S. Environ. Protection Agcy. ...Athens, Georgia, 1.0136,
U.S. Environ. Protection Agcy. ...Duluth, Minnesota, 1.0165, 1.0347.
U.S. Environ. Protection Agcy. ...Ada, Oklahoma, 1.0197.
U.S. Environ. Protection Agcy. ...Corvallis, Oregon, 2.0168, 2.0169,
2.0170, 2.0171, 2.0172.
U.S. Environ. Protection Agcy. ...West Kingston, Rhode Island, 1.0307.
U.S. Navy ...Port Hueneme, California, 1.0121, 2.0267.
U.S. Navy ...Pensacola, Florida, 2.0191.
U.S. Navy ...New York, New York, 4.0067.
U.S. Navy ...Jacksonville, North Carolina, 2.0074.
U.S. Navy ...Taipei, Republic of China, 4.0068.
Union Carbide Corporation ... Tarry town. New York, 1.0357.
Univ. Do Brasil ...Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. 2.0266.
Univ. Nac. De Colombia ...Bogota, Colombia, 4.0044.
Univ. of Akron ...Akron, Ohio, 2.0284, 2.0285, 2.0286.
Univ. of Alaska ...Palmer, Alaska, 2.0002.
Univ. of Arizona ..Tucson, Arizona, 1.0006, 1.0007, 2.0096, 4.0031.
Univ. of Arkansas ...Fayelteville, Arkansas, 1.0008, 1.0009, 2.0003,
2.0004, 2.0005, 2.0097, 3.0018, 3.0019, 4.0032.
Univ. of California ...Berkeley, California. 1.0011, 1.0321, 2.0006,
2.0007, 2.0008, 4.0033, 4.0034, 4.0035.
Univ. of California ...Davis, California, 1.0012, 1.0013, 1.0115 1.0322,
2.0009. 2.0010. 2.0101, 3.0021.
Univ. of California ...Los Angeles, California, 2.0012, 2.0013, 4.0036,
4.0037, 4.0038.
Univ. of California ...Riverside, California, 1.0016, 1.0017 1.0018,
1.0019, 1.0020, 1.0021, 1.0324, 2.0014, 2.0015, 2.0016 20017
2.0018, 2.0019, 2.0020, 2.0102, 2.0268, 2.0269.
Univ. of California ...San Francisco, California, 2.0270, 4.0041.
Univ. of Cincinnati ...Cincinnati, Ohio, 1.0190.
Univ. of Connecticut ...Starrs, Connecticut, 2.0022, 20023 20113
3.0024. 3.0025.
Univ. of Delaware ...Newark, Delaware. 1.0025, 1.0327. 2.0025, 4.0004.
Univ. of East Africa ...Nairobi, Univ. College, Kenya, 4.0059.
4-2
-------
PERFORMING ORGANIZATION INDEX
Univ. of Florida ...Gainesville, Florida, 1.0027, 1.0028, 1.0126, 2.0028,
2.0029, 2.0030, 2.0031, 2.0032, 2.0033, 2.0119, 2.0120, 2.0121,
2.0122,4.0005,4.0048.
Univ. of Georgia ...Athens, Georgia, 1.0030, 1.0137, 1.0138, 1.0245.
Univ. of Georgia ...Sapelo Island, Georgia, 1.0139.
Univ. of Hawaii ...Honolulu, Hawaii, 1.0034, 1.0035, 1.0036.
Univ. of Hawaii ...Kaneohe, Hawaii, 3.0110.
Univ. of Idaho ...Moscow, Idaho, 1.0141.
Univ. of Illinois ...Chicago, Illinois, 2.0133, 2.0134.
Univ. of Illinois ...Urbana, Illinois, 1.0037, 1.0038, 1.0145, 1.0146
1.0331, 1.0332, 1.0333,2.0034,4.0052.
Univ. of Iowa ...Iowa City, Iowa, 1.0149.
Univ. of Kentucky ...Lexington, Kentucky, 1.0047, 1.0048, 1.0151,
2.0039, 2.0138.
Univ. of Louisville ...Louisville, Kentucky, 1.0248.
Univ. of Maine ...Orono, Maine, 1.0051, 1.0252, 1.0335, 1.0336, 2.0046,
2.0148,3.0031,4.0011.
Univ. of Malaya ...Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 4.0060.
Univ. of Manitoba ...Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, 2.0021.
Univ. of Maryland ...Baltimore, Maryland, 2.0048.
Univ. of Maryland ...College Park, Maryland, 1.0154, 4.0013, 4.0063.
Univ of Massachusetts ...Amherst, Massachusetts, 1.0055, 1.0056,
1.0155, 1.0253, 1.0254, 2.0052, 4.0014.
Univ. of Miami ...Miami, Florida, 1.0130, 1.0131, 1.0132, 1.0243,
1.0244, 2.0124, 3.0027.
Univ. of Michigan ...Ann Arbor, Michigan, 1.0257, 1.0258, 2.0278,
2.0279.
Univ. of Minnesota ...Minneapolis, Minnesota, 1.0167, 2.0152, 4.0016,
4.0017.
Univ. of Minnesota ...Saint Paul, Minnesota, 1.0168, 1.0265, 1.0266,
2.0054, 2.0055.
Univ of Missouri ...Columbia, Missouri, 1.0058, 1.0059, 1.0177, 1.0178,
1.0179, 2.0057.
Univ. of Missouri ...Rolla, Missouri, 1.0181.
Univ. of Montana ...Missoula, Montana, 1.0297, 4.0066.
Univ. of Nebraska ...Lincoln, Nebraska, 1.0061.
Univ. of Nevada ...Reno, Nevada, 1.0062, 1.0063.
Univ. of New Hampshire ...Durham, New Hampshire, 4.0018.
Univ. of New Mexico ...Albuquerque, New Mexico, 4.0021.
Univ. of North Carolina ...Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 2.0072, 2.0073.
Univ. of North Carolina ...Raleigh, North Carolina, 1.0071, 1.0072,
1.0073, 1.0074, 1.0075, 1.0076, 1.0189, 1.0358, 2.0075, 3.0047.
Univ. of North Dakota ...Grand Forks, North Dakota, 1.0359, 4.0025.
Univ. of Notre Dame ...Notre Dame, Indiana, 2.0036, 4.0055.
Univ. of Queensland ...Saint Lucia, Brisbane, Australia, 1.0233.
Univ. of Rhode Island ...Kingston, Rhode Island, 1.0200, 1.0201, 1.0202,
1.0363, 2.0290, 3.0069, 3.0070, 4.0069.
Univ. of Southern California ...Los Angeles, California, 4.0039.
Univ. of Southwestern La. ...Lafayette, Louisiana, 2.0042, 2.0146.
Univ. of Tennessee ...Knoxville, Tennessee, 1.0207.
Univ. of Tennessee ...Martin, Tennessee, 1.0208.
Univ. of Texas ...Austin, Texas, 1.0093, 1.0210.
Univ. of Texas ...Houston, Texas, 2.0083.
Univ. of Vermont ...Burlington, Vermont, 1.0213, 1.0214.
Univ. of Washington ...Seattle, Washington, 1.0313, 2.0180, 3.0126.
Univ. of West Florida ...Pensacola, Florida, 1.0133.
Univ. of Wisconsin ...Madison, Wisconsin, 1.0109, 1.0110, 1.0111,
1.0112, 1.0222, 1.0223, 1.0224, 1.0225, 1.0226, 1.0317, 1.0367,
1.0368, 2.0087, 2.0088, 2.0089, 2.0181, 2.0182, 2.0183, 2.0184,
2.0185, 2.0265, 4.0030, 4.0075.
Univ. of Wisconsin ...Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 1.0227.
Univ. of Wyoming ...Laramie, Wyoming, 2.0090, 2.0186, 2.0187.
Utah State University ...Logan, Utah, 1.0102, 1.0103, 2.0086, 2.0292,
4.0029.
Virginia Inst. of Marine Sci. ...Gloucester Point, Virginia, 2.0233.
Virginia Polytechnic Institute ...Blacksburg, Virginia, 1.0216, 1.0308,
4.0073.
Washington State University ...Pullman, Washington, 1.0104, 1.0105,
1.0218, 1.0219, 2.0179, 2.0294, 4.0074.
West Va. University ...Morgantown, West Virginia, 1.0220.
Winona State College ...Winona, Minnesota, 1.0169.
Woods Hole Oceanographic Inst. ...Woods Hole, Massachusetts, 1.0158,
1.0159.
World Health Organization ...Geneva, Switzerland, 4.0070.
4-3
-------
SUPPORTING AGENCY INDEX
Alabama State Government
1.0319, 3.0015.
Amer. Assn. lor the Advancement of Sci.
4.0026.
Arizona State Government
1.0007.
Arkansas Stale Government - Little Rock
1.0008, 2.0004,2.0097.
Australian Government - Canberra
1.0010.
California State Government - Sacramento
1.0018, 1.0020, 1.0320, 1.0321, 1.0324, 2.0006 2.0007 20008
2.0010, 2.0014, 2.0015, 2.0016, 2.0018, 2.0019, 2.0268 20269*
4.0033, 4.0035.
Canadian Government - Ottawa
3.0023.
Connecticut State Government - Hartford
1.0226, 2.0023, 2.0113, 3.0024. 3.0025.
Delaware River Basin Comm. - Washington
1.0184.
Delaware State Government
1.0327,2.0025.
Florida Stale Government - Tallahassee
2.0031, 2.0114, 2.0116, 2.0122, 2.0123, 2.0130.
Ford Foundation - New York, N.Y.
1.0206, 2.0069. 2.0285.
Hercules Incorporated - Wilmington, Dei.
1.0139.
Illinois State Government - Springfield
1.0332.
Indiana Stale Government
2.0136,4.0053.
Intl. Atomic Energy Agency - Austria
1.0111.
Iowa State Government - Des Moines
1.0045. 4.0008, 4.0056, 4.0057.
Louisiana State Government - Baton Rouge
1.0049, 1.0249, 2.0139, 2.0140, 2.0142, 2.0143, 2.0145, 3.0028.
Maryland State Government
4.0013,4.0063.
Massachusetts State Government
1.0156, 2.0149.
Michigan State Government - Lansing
1.0259, 1.0261, 1.0341.
Mississippi State Government
2.0056, 4.0064.
Montana State Government - Helena
2.0058, 2.0059, 4.0080.
Nail. Geographic Soc. - Washington, D.C.
2.0287.
New Jersey State Government - Trenton
1.0064, 2.0060, 2.0061, 3.0114.
New Mexico State Government
4.0081.
New York State Government - Albany
2.0068, 2.0281,2.0283.
No Formal Support Reported
3.0046.
North Carolina State Government - Raleigh
1.0074, 1.0075.
North Dakota State Government
2.0076.
Ohio State Government
1.0192.
Oregon Stale Government - Salem
10085, 1.0303, 1.0305, 1.0360, 2.0078, 2.0167, 2.0288, 2.0289
3 0049, 3.0050. 3.0051, 3.0052, 3.0054, 3.0056, 3.0117, 3.0119.
Pennsylvania Slate Government
Research Corporation - New York, N.Y.
1.0070.
Rhode Island State Government
1.0202, 3.0069.
Rockefeller Foundation - New York, N.Y.
4.0059.
Smithsonian Institution
2.0273.
Society of the Sigma Xi - New Haven, Conn.
3.0061.
South Dakota State Government - Pierre
1.0203, 1.0364.
Texas State Government - Austin
1.0100, 1.0209, 1.0365, 2.0082, 2.0176.
U.S. Atomic Energy Commission
1.0068, 1.0078, 2.0036, 3.0126.
U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - A.R.S. - A.D.P
1.0032, 1.0052.
U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - A.R.S. - C.R.
1.0004, 1.0015, 1.0071, 1.0106, 1.0107, 2.0098. 2.0101, 2.0105,
2.0115, 2.0117, 2.0118, 2.0124, 2.0129,2.0160, 2.0178,2.0187
U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - A.R.S. - E.N.T
2.0009, 2.0011, 2.0020, 2.0028, 2.0029, 2.0030, 2.0033, 2.0042,
2.0043, 2.0044, 2.0045, 2.0049, 2.0050, 2.0079. 2.0085, 2.0095,
2.0099, 2.0120, 2.0135, 2.0144, 2.0173, 2.0188, 4.0045, 4.0048,
4.0065.
U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - A.R.S. - S.W.C
I.OOII, 1.0021, 1.0024, 1.0033, 1.0050, 1.0051, 1.0053, 1.0054,
1.0080, 1.0094, 1.0098, 1.0099, 1.0101, 1.0109, 1.0170, 1.0194.
U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - A.R.S. - U.R.N
2.0198.
U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - A.R.S. - V.S.R
1.0212, 2.0280.
U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - C.S.R.S.
1.0002,
1.0027,
1.0039,
1.0056,
1.0073,
1.0089,
1.0105,
1.0220,
1.0339,
2.0005, 2.0022, 2.0037, 2.0039, 2.0040, 2.0046, 2.0052, 2.0053,
2.0054, 2.0055, 2.0057, 2.0062, 2.0067, 2.0077, 2.0081, 2.0089,
2.0093, 2.0094, 2.0096, 2.0102, 2.0141, 2.0148, 2.0161, 2.0162,
2.0184, 2.0185, 3.0001, 3.0031, 3.0047, 3.0108, 4.0005, 4.0010,
4.0014, 4.0020, 4.0022, 4.0024, 4.0031, 4.0032, 4.0034, 4.0069.
U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - E.R.S.
1.0026.
U.S. Dept. of Agriculture - F.S.
1.0005, 1.0067, 1.0083.
U.S. Dept. of Commerce - N.O.A.A.
1.0112, 1.0127, 1.0128, 1.0129, 1.0133, 1.0160, 1.0232, 1.0236,
1.0238, 1.0239, 1.0240, 1.0241, 1.0242, 1.0256, 1.0299, 1.0317,
1.0326, 1.0338, 1.0358, 2.0202, 2.0203, 2.0204, 2.0205, 2.0206.
20207, 2.0208, 2.0209, 2.0210, 2.0211, 2.0235, 2.0264, 2.0271,
20274, 3.0022, 3.0027, 3.0032, 3.0033, 3.0034, 3.0040, 3.0053,
3.0055, 3.0059, 3.0060, 3.0070, 3.0074, 3.0075, 3.0076, 3.0077.
30078 3.0079, 3.0082, 3.0083, 3.0106, 3.0110, 3.0113, 3.0118,
4.0012.
U.S. Dept. of Defense - Air Force
2.0084, 4.0044.
U.S. Dept. of Defense - Army
1.0155, 1.0171, 2.0021, 2.0026, 2.0027, 2.0086, 2.0091, 2.0092,
2.0128, 2.0146, 2.0147, 2.0186, 2.0266, 2.0284, 4.0037, 4.0040.
4.0041, 4.0043, 4.0046, 4.0047, 4.0051, 4.0054, 4.0058, 4.0060,
4.0071,4.0072.
U.S. Dept. of Defense - Navy
1.0121, 2.0074, 2.0191, 2.0267, 2.0295, 2.0296, 4.0067, 4.0068.
U.S. Dept. of Hlth. Ed. & Wei. - C.P.E.H.
1.0057, 1.0304.
.0006,
.0029,
.0040,
.0058,
.0076,
.0090,
.0138,
.0246,
.0340,
.0009,
.0030,
.0042,
.0059,
.0077,
.0091,
.0141,
.0250,
.0342,
.0013,
.0031,
.0043,
.0061,
.008 1 ,
.0092,
.0145,
.0260,
.0343,
.0017,
.0034,
.0046,
.0062,
.0082,
.0095,
.0179,
.0266,
.0344,
.0019,
.0035,
.0047,
.0063,
.0084,
.0096,
.0182,
.0306,
.0362,
.0023,
.0037,
.0048,
.0065,
.0087,
.0097,
.0196,
.0334,
2.0001,
.0025,
.0038,
.0055,
.0072,
.0088,
.0103,
.0213,
.0335.
2.0002,
5-1
-------
SUPPORTING AGENCY INDEX
U.S. Depl. of Hlth. Ed. & Wei. - E.H.S.
1.0003, 2.0291.
U.S. Depl. of Hlth. Ed. & Wei. - H.S.M.H.A
2.0013, 2.0011. 2.0032, 2.0083, 4.0052, 4.0070, 4.0075.
U.S. Depl. of Hlth. Ed. & Wei. - N.l.H.
1.0190, 1.0255, 1.0322, 1.0361, 2.0012, 2.0034, 2.0035, 2.0038,
2.0041, 2.0047, 2.0048, 2.0070, 2.0071, 2.0072, 2.0270, 2.0276,
2.0277, 2.0286, 3.0021, 3.0045, 4.0036, 4.0038, 4.0039, 4.0042,
4.0049, 4.0050, 4.0055, 4.0061, 4.0062.
U.S. Depl. of Interior - Bu. Comm. Fish.
2.0212, 2.0293, 3.0037, 3.0038, 3.0073.
U.S. Dept. of Interior - Bu. Reclamation
1.0122, 2.0100, 2.0104, 2.0106, 2.0107, 2.0108, 2.0109, 2.0110,
2.0111, 2.0112, 2.0132, 2.0158, 2.0159, 2.0164, 4.0003.
U.S. Depl. of Interior - Bu. Sport Fish.
.0108,
.0217,
.0252,
.0271,
.0279,
.0287,
.0295,
.0312,
.0349,
.0366,
.0113,
.0229,
.0253,
.0272,
.0280,
.0288,
.0296,
.0314,
.0350,
!.0024,
.0114,
.0230,
.0263,
.0273,
.0281,
.0289,
.0298,
.0315,
.0351,
.0150,
.0231,
.0264,
.0274,
.0282,
.0290,
.0300,
.0316,
.0352,
.0173, 1.0174,
.0234, 1.0235,
.0267, 1.0268,
.0275, 1.0276,
.0283, 1.0284,
.0291, 1.0292,
.0301, 1.0309,
.0318, 1.0325,
.0353, 1.0354,
.0175,
.0245,
.0269,
.0277,
.0285,
.0293,
.0310,
.0346,
.0355,
.0366, 2.0024, 2.0063, 2.0064, 2.0065, 2.0066, 2.0103.
2.0126, 2.0127, 2.0131, 2.0137, 2.0153, 2.0155, 2.0156.
2.0163, 2.0175, 2.0177, 2.0189, 2.0190, 2.0192, 2.0193,
2.0195, 2.0196, 2.0197, 2.0199, 2.0200, 2.0201, 2.0213,
2.0215, 2.0216, 2.0217, 2.0218, 2.0219, 2.0220, 2.0221,
2.0223, 2.0224, 2.0225, 2.0226, 2.0227, 2.0228, 2.0229,
2.0231, 2.0232, 2.0234, 2.0236, 2.0237, 2.0238, 2.0239,
2.0241, 2.0242, 2.0243, 2.0244, 2.0245, 2.0246, 2.0247,
2.0249, 2.0250, 2.0251, 2.0252, 2.0253, 2.0254, 2.0255,
2.0257, 2.0258, 2.0259, 2.0260, 2.0261, 2.0262, 2.0263,
2.0292, 3.0002, 3.0003, 3.0004, 3.0005, 3.0006, 3.0007,
3.0009, 3.0010, 3.0011, 3.0012, 3.0013, 3.0014, 3.0016,
3.0020, 3.0030, 3.0035, 3.0036, 3.0039, 3.0041, 3.0042,
3.0044, 3.0057, 3.0058. 3.0062. 3.0063, 3.0064, 3.0065,
3.0067, 3.0068, 3.0072, 3.0080, 3.0081, 3.0084, 3.0085,
3.0087, 3.0088, 3.0089, 3.0090, 3.0091, 3.0092, 3.0093,
3.0095, 3.0096, 3.0097, 3.0098, 3.0099, 3.0100, 3.0101,
3.0103, 3.0104, 3.0105, 3.0107, 3.0109, 3.0111, 3.0112,
3.0121, 3.0122, 3.0123, 3.0124, 3.0125, 3.0127, 3.0128,
3.0130, 3.0131, 3.0132, 3.0133, 3.0134, 4.0076, 4.0077,
4.0079, 4.0082, 4.0083. 4.0084, 4.0085, 4.0086.
U.S. Dept. of Interior - F. Wtr. Qua. Adm.
1.0012, 1.0079, 1.0115, 1.0126, 1.0135, 1.0207, 1.0210,
1.0313, 2.0279,4.0015.
U.S. Dept. of Interior - Geological Survey
1.0176,
1.0251,
1.0270,
1.0278,
1.0286,
1.0294,
1.0311.
1.0348,
1.0356,
2.0125.
2.0157.
2.0194,
2.0214,
2.0222,
2.0230,
2.0240.
2.0248,
2.0256.
2.0272,
3.0008,
3.0017,
3.0043,
3.0066,
3.0086,
3.0094,
3.0102,
3.0120,
3.0129,
4.0078,
1.0228,
., .,
.0125, 1.0136, 1.0137, 1.0142,
.0159, 1.0163, 1.0164, 1.0165,
.0178, 1.0180, 1.0183, 1.0186,
.0199, 1.0204, 1.0214, 1.0219,
.0243, 1.0254, 1.0257, 1.0265,
1.0022, 1.0119, 1.0120, 1.0134, 1.0215,4.0002.
U.S. Dept. of Interior - O. Wtr. Res. Rch.
10001 10028 10036, 1.0041, 1.0044, 1.0066, 1.0148, 1.0149,
10151 10154, 1.0161, 1.0162, 1.0177, 1.0181, 1.0185, 1.0187,
10188 10189 1.0191, 1.0200, 1.0201, 1.0205, 1.0208, 1.0211,
1.0216, 1.0223, 1.0247, 1.0248, 1.0258, 1.0262, 1.0297, 1.0329,
10333 10336, 1.0345, 1.0359, 1.0363, 2.0003, 2.0073, 2.0075,
20119 20121 2.0133, 2.0134, 2.0138, 2.0150, 2.0152, 2.0180,
20181 2.0183, 2.0290, 3.0018, 3.0019, 3.0071, 4.0001, 4.0004,
4.0006, 4.0011, 4.0016, 4.0018, 4.0019, 4.0021, 4.0023, 4.0027,
4.0029.
U.S. Dept. of Interior - Off. Saline Water
1.0153.
U.S. Dept. of State
2.0051.
U.S. Environ. Protect. Agency - O.O.W.P.
1.0014 1.0016, 1.0060, 1.0069, 1.0086, 1.0093, 1.0102, 1.0104,
1.0116,1.0117,1.0118,1.0124,
1.0143, 1.0144, 1.0147, 1.0157,
1.0166, 1.0167, 1.0169, 1.0172,
1.0193, 1.0195, 1.0197, 1.0198,
1.0221, 1.0225, 1.0227, 1.0237,
I 0302 1.0307 1.0323, 1.0328, 1.0330, 1.0337, 1.0347, 1.0357,
2.0151. 2.0154, 2.0168, 2.0169, 2.0170, 2.0171, 2.0172, 2.0174,
2.0278, 3.0116, 4.0009, 4.0017, 4.0025, 4.0028, 4.0030, 4.0066.
US. Environ. Protect. Agency - W.Q.O.
1.0168, 1.0244.
U.S. National Science Foundation
1.0123, 1.0130, 1.0131, 1.0140, 1.0146, 1.0152, 1.0158, 2.0165,
2.0166, 2.0275, 2.0282, 3.0026, 3.0029, 3.0048, 4.0007.
U.S. Natl. Aero. & Space Adm.
1.0132.
University of Illinois
1.0331.
University of North Carolina
3.0115.
University of Queensland - Brisbane, Aust.
1.0233.
Virginia Inst. of Marine Sci. - Virginia
2.0233.
Virginia State Government
1.0308,4.0073.
Washington State Government - Olympia
1.0218, 2.0179, 2.0294, 4.0074.
Wisconsin State Government - Madison
1.0110, 1.0222, 1.0224. 1.0367, 1.0368, 2.0087, 2.0088, 2.0182,
2.0265.
Wyoming State Government - Cheyenne
2.0090.
5-2
U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1972 O - 465-868
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