Task Analysis of State and
Local Air Pollution Control Agencies and
Development of Staffing Guidelines
VOLUME
INTRODUCTION AND
DIRECTIONS FOR USING
THESE GUIDELINES
(contained in Vols.B,C,
D,E,F,andG)
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Manpower Development Staff Office of Air Programs
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
-------
United States
Environmental Protection Agency
Contract No. 68-02-0306
Applied Science
Associates, Inc.
r
Task Analysis of State and
Local Air Pollution Control Agencies and
Development of Staffing Guidelines
VOLUME
Detailed Task Data, and
Staffing Guidance
INTRODUCTION AND DIRECTIONS FOR USE
USING THESE GUIDELINES
K. I. Rifkin, Senior Staff Scientist, ASA
R. L. Dueker, Staff Scientist, ASA
W. F. Diggins, Staff Scientist, ASA
F. C. Foss, Staff Scientist, ASA
and
Michael Senew, Project Officer, USEPA
Prepared for the
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Manpower Development Staff
Office of Air Programs
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
November 1972
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This ts not an official policy and standards
document. The opinions, findings, and conclusions
are those of the authors and not necessarily those
of the United States Environmental Protection Agency.
Every attempt has been made to represent the
present state of the art as well as subject areas
still under evaluation. Any mention of products,
or organizations, does not constitute endorsement
by the United States Environmental Protection Agency.
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INTRODUCTION
One of the pressing problems in the air pollution control effort at
Federal, state, and local levels is planning manpower requirements and
developing manpower resources. Questions are being asked such as, how
many people are needed, what kind of past experience and education should
they have, how should their jobs be structured, what do they need to know
to do their jobs, what special abilities do they need, and what kind of
training should they receive to do their jobs? These questions are
becoming increasingly meaningful as the control effort broadens with the
creation of more and more local agencies and as existing agencies in-
crease the scope and depth of their programs. Adequate answers are
required if progress is to continue toward the goal of clean air.
In order to begin to answer questions relevant to manpower planning
and development, a data base describing the tasks to be performed by
control agency personnel and the skills and knowledge they must have to
perform those tasks effectively must be available. Guidance concerning
the use of the data base in making staffing decisions must be prepared.
It is the purpose of this study to provide such a data base and the
appropriate guidance.
A. Objectives
The objectives of this project were the following:
1. To identify as great a proportion as possible of the
population of tasks currently being performed by air
pollution coVitrol agency personnel at the state and
local level throughout the country.
2. To describe the identified tasks in terms of component
behaviors and the skills and knowledge required to perform
those behaviors.
3. To identify and describe categories of air pollution con-
trol agency personnel who would perform the tasks mentioned
above.
continued
-------
4. To structure and communicate the data which resulted
from achieving the above objectives in a form which could
be used by agency management in planning and developing
manpower resources.
B. General Project Overview
The project was performed in two phases. Phase I dealt with achieving
the first two project objectives, and resulted in the development of a
detailed data base describing the major tasks performed by agency personnel
in terms of the procedural components of the tasks and the skills and
knowledge required to perform them. Phase II dealt with achieving the
last two major objectives, and resulted in production of a guidance docu-
ment which integrates and structures data developed in Phase I and presents
it in a form designed to assist agency manpower developers.
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THIS IS VOLUME A
Additional books available are:
VOLUME B: Guidance and Supporting Information for Staffing and Training
Decisions in an Air Pollution Control Agency - Engineering
VOLUME C: Guidance and Supporting Information for Staffing and Training
Decisions in an Air Pollution Control Agency - Field Enforcement
VOLUME D: Guidance and Supporting Information for Staffing and Training
Decisions in an Air Pollution Control Agency - Laboratory Support
VOLUME E: Guidance and Supporting Information for Staffing and Training
Decisions in an Air Pollution Control Agency - Air Monitoring
and Meteorological Support
VOLUME F: Guidance and Supporting Information for Staffing and Training
Decisions in an Air Pollution Control Agency - Source Testing
VOLUME G: Guidance and Supporting Information for Staffing and Training
Decisions in an Air Pollution Control Agency - Agency Management,
Program Development, and Public Information Support
AND
TECHNICAL REPORT:
Task Analysis of State and Local
Air Pollution Control Agencies, and
Development
of Staffing Guidelines
For complete sets, or individual titles, or the Technical
Report please address your request to:
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Manpower Development Staff
Research Triangle Park, N. C. 27711
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A-2
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II.
Overview of the Project that Produced this Document
The material presented here is the result of a ten-month project
sponsored by the Office of Manpower Development (Planning and Special
Projects Branch) of the Office of Air Programs, Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) . The overall objectives of the project were the following:
1. To identify as great a proportion as possible of
the tasks currently being performed by air pol-
lution control agency personnel at the state and
local level throughout the country.
2. To describe the manner in which the identified tasks
are typically performed, and the skills and knowledge
required to perform the tasks effectively.
3. To define categories of individuals who could ef-
ficiently learn to perform the identified tasks
with the appropriate training.
4. To develop guidelines for state and local agencies
which would assist them in selecting and training
new personnel or in reassigning and training person-
nel already on their staffs.
A detailed description of the procedures, rationales, and concepts
used in the project have been presented elsewhere in a separate technical
2
report available from EPA.
The project was conducted by Applied-Science Associates, Inc., Valencia,
Pennsylvania, pursuant to Contract No. 68-02-0306 with, the Environmental
Protection Agency.
2
"Task Analysis of State and Local Air Pollution Control Agencies and
Development of Staffing Guidelines - Technical Report." To be published
by the Manpower Development Staff, Office of Air Quality Planning and
Standards, Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, N. C.
27711
A-3
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Briefly, the project consisted of the following phases:
A. Phase I; Identification and Description of Air Pollution Control Tasks
The basic approach taken to identify and initially describe the tasks
performed at control agencies was to interview agency personnel at selected
agencies and have them describe their jobs in detail. The control agencies
selected to visit and the people to interview were chosen to maximize the
likelihood that:
1. Coverage of tasks would be comprehensive and the
skills and knowledge identified would be applicable
to both large comprehensive and smaller non-comprehensive
agencies (the latter by inclusion).
2. Task performers interviewed would be relatively proficient
in their work such that the resulting task descriptions
would reveal a thorough and effective means of performing
the task.
3. The tasks described would be representative of those
performed in state and local agencies across the country.
In all, 200 agency personnel were interviewed in the following nine
comprehensive state and local agencies:
1. Allegheny County (Pennsylvania) Bureau of Air Pollution Control
2. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Bureau of Air Pollution Control
3. City of Chicago Department of Environmental Control
4. New Jersey State Bureau of Air Pollution Control
5. Wayne County (Michigan) Air Pollution Control Division
6. State of Michigan Air Pollution Control Section
7. California Air Resources Board
8. Los Angeles County Air Pollution Control District
9. Puget Sound Air Pollution Control Agency (State of Washington)
It should be noted that the above agencies were not selected as the "most"
thorough, comprehensive, or effective agencies in the country. They were
selected because they were judged to be relatively proficient in several
of the task areas; as a group they complemented one another in terms of
effective task areas, such that the combination provided the study with
ample and efficient coverage of most areas of agency activity; and they
A-4
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included a variety of geographic areas, topographical and meteorological con-
ditions, and pollution problems.
After identifying and describing the tasks performed in state and local
control agencies, the project staff analyzed the task descriptions to identify
the skills and knowledge required to perform each task effectively. Skills
were defined as behaviors with unique requirements for speed and accuracy such
that they typically must be learned and practiced before they can be performed
adequately. Knowledge was defined as the information required by the task
performer to successfully complete the task. This information usually includes
task procedures; resource data; and special knowledge such as equipment nomen-
clature, technical jargon, and hazards to be avoided. Task information can
be made available through a number of media, including books, tape recordings,
and conversation.
The result of this portion of the study was a collection of task informa-
tion which described the major tasks performed by control agency personnel
and which identified the skills and knowledge required of the personnel to
perform each task effectively.
B. Phase II; Development of Staffing Guidance
The second phase of the project was aimed at organizing and amplifying
the task information described in Phase I. The goal was to develop an infor-
mation system which could be used by agency planners to help them make decisions
in the areas of staffing and training. The major issues the system would
address would be:
1. Determing the type of individual to hire to perform, a
specific agency task or activity and identifying the
content of the training that person would require to
adequately perform the task.
2. Identifying the tasks to which current agency personnel
could be assigned and determining the training content
they would require for the new assignment.
In preparing the guidance materials twelve general "Occupational Categories"
were developed. Each category describes the type of individual who, with the
appropriate training, could effectively perform one or more of a group of iden-
tified agency tasks. Together, the twelve categories encompass a complement
A-5
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of personnel capable of learning to perform all of the tasks described in
Phase I. These Occupational Categories are described in further detail
later in this volume.
The final effort of the project was to organize the task descriptive
data, Occupational Category Descriptions, and staffing guidance into a
format that would assist agency managers in selecting, assigning, and
training their people. This volume and the six accompanying volumes
comprise the integrated product of the two phases of the project.
III.
t
Overview of the Types of Information
Provided for Staffing and Training Decisions
The information which has been developed and presented here to assist
in solving staffing and training problems consists of detailed descriptions
of tasks typically performed in a comprehensive air pollution control agency,
including staffing guidance relevant to each task; and descriptions of cate-
gories of personnel, members of which are suited to learn to perform specific
agency tasks.
A. Task Data and Staffing Guidance
The major portion of this document is the descriptive data and staffing
guidance provided for all of the tasks identified in the study. The infor-
mation has been organized into six separate volumes of data which accompany
this introductory volume. Each data volume contains detailed descriptions
for each of a related set of agency tasks. These Task Data and Staffing
Guidance volumes are eatitled:
Volume B: Engineering
Volume C: Field Enforcement
Volume D: Laboratory Support
Volume E: Air Monitoring and Meteorological Support
Volume F: Source Testing
Volume G: Agency Management, Program Development, and Public
Information Support
A-6
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Each task description in the data volumes is formatted to provide the
following information concerning the task:
1. Task Overview. A general overview of the activities included in the
task covered and any special directions for interpreting and using the
information included.
2. Occupational Category. The category of agency personnel suggested to
perform the task. If a senior member of the category is recommended,
that is clearly indicated.
3. Task Description. A detailed description of the manner in which the
task is typically performed.
4. Skill Requirements. A list of the skills required to effectively perform
the task.
5. Knowledge Requirements. A list of the knowledge required to perform the
task.
6. References. A list of source materials which provide some of the infor-
mation required for the performance of the task.
7. Special Staffing Guidance. This section of the information provided for
most tasks contains additional staffing information specific to the task
being described. The kind of information presented varies from task to
task and includes:
a. The level of individual required within the suggested
Occupational Category and the justification for the
assignment. Whenever a senior level individual is
required, that fact is mentioned and a rationale for
requiring such a person is offered.
b. Special training emphasis required for the task (e.g.,
emphasis on communication skills for a task involving
dealing with the public).
c. Suggestions regarding the appropriate Occupational
Category for individuals who supervise the task
performer or who assist the task performer with
the relatively routine or complex portions of the
task, when such a need exists.
A-7
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B. Occupational Category Descriptions
The other major elements of information presented in this document are
descriptions of the Occupational Categories. As mentioned above, one or
more Occupational Category is suggested for each task described in the data
volumes. The following twelve Occupational Categories were developed for
this study:
Engineer
Engineering Technician
Chemist
Chemical Laboratory Technician
Meteorologist
Meteorological Technician
t
Field Enforcement Officer
Public Information Specialist
Air Pollution Control Director
Equipment Technician
Resources Administrator
Program Planning and Development Specialist
The Appendix to this volume contains detailed descriptions of each of
the above categories of air pollution control agency personnel. It is felt
that these categories account for most of the major functional areas of a
control agency endeavor (excluding clerical activities). Each Occupational
Category Description (OCD) characterizes the type of individual who, if
provided the appropriate training or specialized education, could effectively
perform a group of related tasks in the agency. The tasks are related in the
sense that they require similar basic educational background and involve
similar skill and knowledge requirements. These Occupational Categories
were not designed to match any particular local merit system or civil service
job specifications. However, the categories should be relatable generally
across all such personnel description systems although the specific titles
used are likely to vary from system to system.
Each OCD appended to this volume contains the following information
about individuals in the category:
1. Category Title. Whenever the category is referred to throughout the guide
and data volumes, the title is used (e.g., Engineer, Engineering Technician)
A-8
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2. General Duties. This segment of an OCD describes the suggested role
of personnel in that category within agency activities. Major functional
areas of agency activity in which such individuals participate are
identified and their tasks described generally.
3. Representative Assignments. This portion of the OCD presents a list
of specific tasks to which members of the category may be assigned.
The list includes tasks which are described in detail in the task data
volumes. The list is meant to be representative, rather than exhaustive.
4. Representative Skill and Knowledge Qualifications. These are the general
skills and knowledge which a member of the category should have to serve
as a basis for acquiring the specific skills and knowledge necessary for
the tasks to which he will be assigned.
5. Minimum Acceptable Educational Background. This section of the OCD
states the minimum acceptable level of formal education suggested for
efficient learning to perform the tasks to which members of the category
may be assigned. In all cases this suggested level will have to be
augmented with training or education to supply the specific skills and
knowledge required to perform the assigned tasks.
Finally, with regard to level within a category, each OCD applies to
both senior and junior members of the category. Senior members of an
Occupational Category are individuals who have broadened and deepened their
abilities through comprehensive experience on the job. As such, they could
be called on to perform the suggested tasks under conditions in which increased
abilities are required, including:
1. The suggested task must be performed under unusually
stringent time limits.
2. Training, supervision, or job planning is required.
3. Unusual contingencies are anticipated.
4. Extensive public exposure or external pressure is
anticipated.
A-9
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IV.
Directions for Use of the Task and Staffing Data
The information provided in this volume and the six accompanying data
volumes may be used to help solve staffing problems, including:
1. Determining the type of individual to hire to perform
a specific task and the skills and knowledge needed
to perform the task effectively.
2. Identifying the tasks to which a current staff member
/
may be assigned and the skills and knowledge needed to
perform the assigned tasks effectively.
Although this section will deal only with the above problems, it should be
noted that the information presented in the data volumes is also useful for
formalizing procedures for tasks within the agency, for identifying new task
areas which the agency may wish to enter, for developing detailed job descrip-
tions, and for establishing organizational relationships such as identifying
which individuals should supervise others in performing a task and which
individuals can assist others with routine, standardized assignments. These
additional uses will be apparent to the reader after he has used the task
descriptions and staffing data several times for their primary purposes and
has become familiar with the materials.
A. Selection and Training of New Personnel for a Specific Task Assignment
]
A key question that must be answered in selecting and training an
individual to perform a task is, "What does he need to know and be able
to do in order to effectively perform the task on the job?" Once these
needs are known they can be satisfied in one of two ways. An individual
can be hired who has all of the required skills and knowledge, or an
individual can be selected who has some of the requisite capabilities and
can acquire the remainder with formal or on-the-job type training. The data
volumes (B through G) accompanying this volume identify the skills and
knowledge required to perform most tasks in an air pollution control agency.
Also, all tasks in the data volumes have one or more suggested Occupational
A-10
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Categories which indicate the minimum level and type of individual who
should be selected and then trained to perform them. Under most conditions,
an individual with all the required abilities will either be unavailable or
too costly to obtain. Therefore, the skill and knowledge requirements listed
for a task define the level of capability required for its performance, and
the Occupational Category suggested for the task indicates an appropriate start-
ing point for satisfying those requirements. In selecting an individual, a trade-
off will have to be made between the cost of the individual and the degree
of further training needed to reach the desired level of ability.
The following procedure, using the data and concepts described earlier,
will support effective selection and training decisions.
1. Use Table 1 to locate within the data volumes the desired task or
tasks to be performed. The page designation indicates where detailed descrip-
tive information about the task can be found. The page designation consists
of a letter and a number. The letter refers to the appropriate data volume,
and the number to the page number in the volume on which the task data can
be located. To confirm that the task title actually refers to the desired
task, turn to the appropriate task data for a detailed description.
2. Check the matrix or the task data itself to identify the basic
Occupational Category suggested for the task in question. The task descrip-
tive information indicates the suggested Occupational Category for the task
of concern. The section at the end of the task descriptive information labeled
"Special Staffing Guidance" offers additional information relevant to the
suggested task assignee (e.g., the specialized past experience he should have,
whether or not a senior member of the prescribed category is required).
3. Refer in the Appendix of this volume to the detailed OCD for the
suggested Occupational Category. This description should be adequate enough
to identify the basic type of individual required to do the task. The re-
quired skills and knowledge listed for the desired task plus the basic
abilities of individuals in the suggested category define the type of person
needed to perform the task.
Advanced training or education beyond the minimum described in the
OCD is required in almost all cases. The content of that education or
training will vary as a function of the assigned tasks, and should provide all
the skills and knowledge required to perform the task. The available sources for
A-ll
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- Table 1
Matrix of Occupational Categories, Task Titles, and Page Numbers
for Task Data and Staffing Guidance
Task Title
ENGINEERING:*
Development and Production of an Emission
Inventory
Reception & Prelim. Screening of Plan Review/
Permit System Applictna. & Supporting Mtrls.
Review of Plans and Application Forms in a
Plan Review/Permit System
Engineering Inspection
Design and Construction of an Episode Control
System
Review of Application for Tax Exemption on
Air Pollution Control Equipment
Vol.-
Page
B-3
B-26
B-30
B-59
B-86
B-110
Occupational Categories
Air Pollution
Control
Director
FIELD ENFORCEMENT:
Routine Inspection
Complaint Investigation
Patrol/Assigned Areas or Routes & Citation of
Violators of Air Pollution Control Regulations
Assist the Legal Staff in Preparation of
Enforcement Actions
Serving as a Witness In Court or at a Hearing
Organization and Operation of a Smokesehool
LABORATORY SUPPORT:
Determination of Nitrogen Dioxide and Nitric
Oxide Concentrations in the Atmosphere Using
the Saltzman Method
Determination of Sulfur Dioxide Concentration
In the Atmosphere Using the West-Gaeke Method
Determination of Sulfur Dioxide and Sulfur
Trioxlde Concentrations in Stack Gases
Determination of Suspended Particulate Con-
centration in the Atmosphere by Means of
High Volume Sampling
Determination of Hydrogen Sulfide Concen-
tration in the Atmosphere Using the Methylene
Blue Method ,
Determination of Nitrate Concentration in
Suspended Atmospheric Participates Using
the 2, 4 Xylenol Method
Determination of Sulfate Concentration In'
Suspended Atmospheric Particulars Using
the Turbidioetric Barium Sulfate Method
Determination of Metal Concentration In
Suspended Atmospheric Particulates by
Means of High Volume Sampling
Determination of Particulate Concentration
in Stack Emissions
Identification of the Constituents of
Dust Particles
Maintenance of Laboratory Devices
Supervision of Laboratory Support Tasks
Development of New Methods for the Analysis
of Air Pollutants
C-3
C-21
C--32
C-38
C-45
C-48
D-4
D-9
D-14
D-18
D-21
D-27
D-32
D-37
D-42
D-47
D-52
D-56
D-65
X
Engineer
X
X
X
X
X
X
Engineering
Technician
X
X
Field
Enforcement
Officer
X
X
X
X
X
X
Chemist
X
X
X
Chemical
Laboratory
Technician
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Resources
Administrator
X
Program Plan.
& Development
Specialist
Meteorologist
X
Meteorological
Technician
Equipment
Technician
PubUc
Information
Specialise
X
X
X
*Additional engineering tasks. Identified In th* study but not analyzed In detail, are listed in Table 8-1, p«ge B-113, Vol. B.
A-12
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Table 1 (Continued)
Task Title
Vol.-
Page
Occupational Categories
Air Pollution
Control
Director
u
I
$
Engineering
Technician
Field
Enforcement
Officer
AIR MONITORING & METEOROLOGY SUPPORT:
Operation/Maintenance Flame lonlzation Hydro-
carbon Analyzer
Operation/Maintenance Infrared Analyzer
Operation/Maintenance Coulonetrlc Titration
Analyzers for SO., NO, NO., or Oxidants
Operation/Maintenance Gaa Chromatograph
Analyzer Programmer
Operation/Maintenance Gas Chromatograph Aalyzr.
Operation/Maintenance Colorlmetric Air Moni-
toring System
Operation/Maintenance Sequential Sampler
Operation/Maintenance High Vol. Air Sampler
Operation/Maintenance A. I. S.I. Auto. Sampler
Operation/Maintenance Wind Speed Transmitter
Operation/Maintenance Wind Direction Transmttr.
Supervision Air Hon. Equipment 0/M Tasks
Use of the Smog Chamber as a Tool in Photo-
chemical Smog Research
Design of an Air Monitoring Facility
Routine Forecast of Meteorological Conditions
and Pollution Levels or Effects
Assemble Meteorological Data and Describe
Cllmatologlcal Conditions
Problem Solving Using Mathematical Models
E-4
E-10
E-15
E-24
E-29
E-37
E-42
E-46
E-49
E-53
E-58
E-64
E-70
E-78
E-90
E-96
E-100
SOURCE TESTING:
Performance of a Stack Test
Managing a Stack Test
Determination of Odor Concentrations in the
Atmosphere or In Stack Emissions
Performing a Used Car Inspection
Performing the Idle and ACID Tests
Planning the Dynamometer Installation
Operation/Maintenance Engine Dynamometer
Operation/Maintenance Chassis Dynamometer
AGENCY MGMT., PROGRAM DEVELOP., & BUBLIC INFOR.:
High Level Agency Management
Agency Ressources Management
Technical Management
Literature Review & Data Summary Regarding Am-
bient Air Quality Standards
Development of New or Modified Regulations
Support of Develop. Local Control Programs
Preparation Public Information Presentation
F-3
F-10
F-19
F-23
F-27
F-30
F-35
F-42
X
X
G-3
G-25
G-35
G-52
G-63
G-75
G-86
X
X
X
jj
a
Chemical
Laboratory
Technician
[Resources
Administrator
X
X
Program Plan.
& Development
Specialist
Meteorologist
1 Meteorological
Technician
Equipment
Technician
X
X-
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
1 Public
Information
Specialist
X
'
X
X
X
X
X
X
I
1
!
X
A-13
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required education or training include:
1. Graduate School Programs (Masters and Ph.D. programs in
Air Pollution areas)
2. University Undergraduate Programs (degree or non-degree
programs)
3. Junior College (2-year) Technical Programs
4. EPA Institute for Air Pollution Training Courses
5. Air Pollution Control Association Professional
Development Programs
6. American Institute of Chemical Engineers Continuing
/
Education Programs
7. State-sponsored training courses (e.g., New York
State Air Resources Training Program)
8. On-the-job training administered by the agency
9. Courses offered by manufacturers of air pollution
control equipment and related instruments
The OCD does not specify the exact type of advanced training
required for a task because of the broad diversity of programs and courses
available. However, the individual selected should be a member of the
prescribed category and must ultimately (by one means or another) acquire
all of the skills and knowledge identified in the data volume for the desired
task.
4. Identify the personnel category in the local merit or civil service
system most similar to the suggested Occupational Category and level. If
the local personnel system, contains more than one category which is similar
to the suggested category, the skill and knowledge requirements associated
with the task in question should permit identifying the appropriate category.
The category of the desired individual (defined using the local personnel
system) should now be known.
5. To determine the advanced education or training the individual
^
selected to perform the task will require, identify which of the skills
and knowledge required to perform the task he already possesses. This
judgment will have to be made by reviewing and assessing the individual's
experience. Any required skills and knowledge not already possessed will
A-14
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have to be acquired using one of the sources listed above. Depending upon
the task to be performed it may be advisable to required the selected
individual to have acquired the advanced training prior to joining the
staff (e.g., a Master's Degree or a two-year Associate's Degree).
6. Review the relevant Special Staffing Guidance for any further
information regarding selection of an individual for the task.
B. Assigning Tasks to Current Agency Personnel.
Assigning current agency personnel to specific tasks is another prob-
lem of matching the capabilities of an individual to those required to perform
the required task. The method suggested here is to identify the abilities
of the individual and then select a task which he is currently capable of
performing or for which he can be trained. The following procedure is
recommended to make use of the information provided in the data volumes.
1. Using the Occupational Category Descriptions appended to this
volume, identify the category which best matches the individual for whom
the new assignment is desired. Ideally, the match should be as complete
as possible in terms of the following factors:
a. The individual's current role should be'similar to
the one described in the OCD under "General Duties."
If it is not, judge whether or not the individual
is capable of playing such a role. Is he over-
qualified?
b. The individual currently should perform one or more
of the representative assignments listed in the OCD.
c. The individual currently possesses the abilities
listed under "Representative Skills and Knowledge."
d. The individual's educational background satisfies
the minimum acceptable level suggested.
2. Enter Table 1 and identify all of the tasks suggested for the
Occupational Category which seem to best fit the individual in question.
Select a task, locate it in the data volume, and review the detailed
description and staffing guidance. The decision as to whether or not the
task should be performed within the agency is a decision beyond the scope
of this document and must be made by agency management.
3. To determine the training the current staff member will need for
the new assignment, identify which of the skills and knowledge required
A-15
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for the task the individual does not already possess. This judgment will
have to be made by reviewing the skills and knowledge the individual cur-
rently displays at an adequate level in the tasks he now performs. All
of the skills and knowledge required for the new assignment which are not
already in the individual's possession will have to be acquired through
formal or on-the-job type training.
4. Review the relevant Special Staffing Guidance for any further
information concerning the assignment.
C. Factors to Keep in Mind While Using this Document
In order to get the most value from the data provided in this document,
some further points should be understood,concerning its uses and limitations,
1. The units of agency activity described in the data volumes are
tasks or closely related groups of tasks, rather than jobs. A job can
consist of a portion of a task, a complete task, or several tasks. The
amount of work comprising a job depends upon the agency's work load and
other factors not considered in this study. Therefore, the staffing and
training guidance provided in this document relates to the specific tasks
identified in the study, and the development of jobs is left to agency
management to carry out in response to their own needs and limitations.
However, a rule of thumb can be offered for developing jobs from
the information presented in this document. To form a job from one or more
tasks presented here, be sure to select only tasks requiring the same
Occupational Category and generally similar skill and knowledge require-
ments. For example, do not form a job by combining a task requiring an
Engineer with a task requiring an Engineering Technician. The job will
have to be performed by an Engineer with part of his time devoted to
activities significantly below his capabilities.
2. The task information presented in the data volumes does not cover
all possible agency tasks. It does cover a high proportion of the profes-
sional and technical activities of the agency. The tasks which were not
covered include:
a. Statistical analysis/data processing
b. Computer programming and operation
A-16
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c. Biological and agricultural research and analysis
relevant to air pollution control problems
d. Consideration of economic or fiscal factors in air
pollution control programs
3. In describing some agency tasks (e.g., operation and maintenance
of air monitoring equipment, and laboratory analysis of air samples) specific
equipment and procedures were studied as examples of the manner in which.
such tasks are performed. The task data reported is judged to representa-
tive of the type of task covered, and the specific equipment or procedures
analyzed should not be viewed as superior to others as recommended hardware
or techniques to employ.
D. A Final Note on the Criteria Used for Assigning Occupational
Categories to Agency Tasks
As a result of the detailed study of agency tasks, it was clear that
some tasks would be more efficiently learned and effectively performed by
college-trained people. In the project staff's opinion, tasks demanding
a college level individual are those with the following characteristics:
1. Tasks which are typically unproceduralized. Unprocedura-
lized tasks have the following characteristics:
a. They are not standardized in terms of how
they are to be performed; complete, detailed
instructions for them are not available;
and creativity and ability to meet a wide
variety of unpredictable contingencies are
required to perform them. Evaluation of plans
in a permit processing system is an unprocedura-
lized task. On the other hand, inspection of a
private residence incinerator is an example of
a relatively proceduralized task.
b. They demand broad-based conceptual level knowledge
in order to make decisions or solve problems.
c. They require heavy emphasis on judgment rather
than concrete rules.
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2. Tasks which require credibility in order to be effectively
performed. The term "credibility" as used in this context
refers to the extent to which a college degree as a
"credential" is expected by the agency's constituency
(e.g., the general public, industry, citizen groups,
lawmakers). For certain tasks in the agency a degree
greatly enhances the individual's ability to perform
his function, for example: negotiating a compliance
program with representatives of an industry; addressing
legislators regarding new regulations; forecasting
pollution conditions which legally limit industrial
activity. To be maximally effective an individual
performing such tasks must be accepted as an authority
in his field, and in our society a formal education is
a minimum, however critical, requirement for such.
acceptance.
The above criteria were used in assigning Occupational Categories to
tasks. As, a result, it is felt that the suggested assignments represent
an efficient trade-off of selection and training costs without hampering
the agency's capability to effectively achieve its objectives.
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APPENDIX
A-19
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Occupational Category Description
ENGINEER
General Duties
Personnel in this category are responsible for tasks which generally
require engineering analysis and evaluation of basic and control equipment
used in industrial, commercial, and public sectors. The primary areas of
agency activity in which engineers play a major role include:
1. Plan review/permit processing
2. Emission inventory
3. Episode control '
4. On-site equipment examination
5. Compliance program development and management
6. Special studies (e.g., evaluation of new control techniques or
equipment).
7. Source testing
8. Regulation development.
9. Design, construction and deployment of air surveillance systems.
10. Design of monitoring systems.
The duties of Engineers typically involve detailed analysis and evalua-
tion of the effectiveness of proposed and existing air pollution control
equipment and.determination of the potential emissions of controlled or
uncontrolled basic equipment in a wide variety of processes. Engineers
are responsible for evaluating the feasibility and effectiveness of pro-
posed means for curtailing emissions during periods of adverse meteorological
conditions and for convincing managers of sources to accept reasonable
and effective curtailment methods. The predominate characteristic of the
Engineer's activities is the need to solve a broad variety of multi-
disciplinary engineering problems under conditions of minimum structure,
a high contingency probability, and close public scrutiny.
Representative Assignments
1, Review application forms, plans, and design data in order to evaluate
the acceptability of proposes basic equipment or control devices.
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2. Perform detailed inspections of basic or control equipment instal-
lations with regard to plan review requirements (e.g.-, to assure
that equipment installed under a permit meets the conditions of
the permit).
3. Develop specific compliance programs for particular sources and
monitor their progress in meeting the requirements of the program.
4. Analyze industrial processes to identify operations with pollution
potential and use emission estimation procedures to develop an
emission inventory.
5. Evaluate source curtailment plans submitted by industrial/commercial
facilities in response to episode control system requirements.
6. Provide engineering assistance (as required) to agency personnel and
public and private sectors relevant to air pollution control tech-
nology. For example, serve on zoning commissions, provide technical
data to agency enforcement personnel in a complaint investigation, or
lecture citizen groups on local air pollution control efforts and
control technology.
7. Appear in court or at hearings as an expert technical witness in
actions such as variance proceedings, enforcement actions, and in
support of the agency's position on new or modified regulations.
8. Maintain direct contact with industry and commerce, and represent
the agency in its control and regulatory efforts.
Representative Skill and Knowledge Qualifications
1. Ability to communicate in written and spoken form to a variety of
types of audiences (both technical and non-technical).
2. Ability to apply general, systematic problem-solving techniques to
conceptual and technical problems.
3. Ability to use data manipulation aids including desk calculators,
slide rule, nomographs, data tables, and graphs.
4. Ability to prepare, read, and interpret engineering drawings, plans,
or technical specifications.
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5. Ability to apply basic engineering skills and knowledge to the analysis
and evaluation of basic and control equipment used in industrial, com-
mercial, and public facilities.
6. Basic knowledge of industrial processes, equipment, and practices which
are relevant to air pollution control.
7. Knowledge of basic engineering principles, analytic procedures, and
applied techniques (including mathematical, statistical, or chemical
data manipulation methods).
8. Knowledge of engineering resource materials.
9. Ability to get along with people.
Minimum Acceptable Educational Background
Bachelor's Degree with a major in engineering. Advanced education or
training will be required to provide the skills and knowledge necessary to
perform specific tasks to which the individual is assigned.
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Occupational Category Description
ENGINEERING TECHNICIAN
General Duties
Personnel in this category perform relatively routine and proceduralized
tasks in support of the agency's engineering function. Their role is generally
assisting Engineers in areas including:
1. Plan review/permit processing
2. Emission inventory
3. Episode control
4. On-site equipment examination
e
5. Compliance program development and management
6. Special studies (e.g., evaluation of new techniques or equipment
for air pollution control)
The tasks performed by an Engineering Technician typically involve
collection of data or information, relatively standardized data analysis and
manipulation, straight forward calculations which can be easily proceduralized,
basic screening of equipment designs, uncomplicated equipment inspections, and
routine communications with the agency constituency regarding engineering
functions.
Representative Assignments
1. Receive and make preliminary check on the completeness of permit appli-
cations and supporting descriptive materials.
2. Calculate plan review/permit processing fees (if an adequately pro-
(
ceduralized routine exists).
3. Perform proceduralized emission estimation calculations.
4. Coordinate emission inventory data collection mailings, and record input
data as it comes in.
5. Make routine check of ambient air and meteorological conditions and
detect when critical values are reached (with regard to episode control
procedures).
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6. Prepare data collection formats for emission inventory or episode
control programs after the data requirements and method of collection
have been identified.
7. Review applications for tax exemptions on air pollution control equip-
ment which has been granted a permit to operate.
8. Routine recbrdkeeping of progress reported in compliance programs for
specific industries or facilities.
Representative Skill and Knowledge Qualifications
1. Ability to accurately perform arithmetic calculations and perform
algebraic manipulations.
2. Ability to use a desk calculator and use nomographs, data tables, and
other aids to data manipulation.
3. General ability to read and interpret basic engineering drawings and
industrial process flow charts.
4. Ability to work with people effectively and to communicate
effectively in spoken and written form.
5. Ability to follow procedures, being careful to accurately perform all
required steps.
6. General knowledge of the basic equipment, practices, and operations
used in industrial and commercial processes, including:
a. Metal melting
b. Dry material handling (e.g., cement batching)
c. Dry cleaning
d. Surface coating
e. Incineration
f. Combustion (e.g., power generation)
g. Storage vessels (e.g., open top tanks)
» "'
Minimum Acceptable Educational Background
High school diploma (or equivalent) with course work in mathematics (through
algebra and basic analytic geometry) and physical science (e.g., chemistry
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and physics). This formal education will have to be augmented with techni-
cal training to provide the skills and knowledge required for the specific
tasks to which the individual is assigned.
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Occupational Category Description
CHEMIST
General Duties
Personnel in this category generally perform supervisory roles in a
chemical laboratory operation supporting the agency's air monitoring and
source testing efforts. In addition, Chemists are involved in the design
of air monitoring systems and in the development of new laboratory pro-
cedures, techniques, and equipment.
Representative Assignments
1. Supervise Chemical Laboratory Technicians performing standard analyses
procedures.
2. Develop new methods for the analysis of air pollutants.
3. Supervise Equipment Technicians involved in maintenance of laboratory
equipment.
4. Design air monitoring facilities and systems. This task may be per-
formed cooperatively with Engineers or agency planning personnel.
5. Design, supervise, and report scientific or applied research (e.g.,
evaluation of the effectiveness of new analysis techniques or instru-
ments) .
l
Representative Skill and Knowledge Qualifications
1. Ability to communicate effectively in written and spoken form.
2. Ability to apply general, systematic problem-solving techniques to
conceptual and technical problems.
3. Detailed knowledge of chemical and physical techniques, procedures,
concepts, and equipment relevant to analysis of pollutant concentrations.
4. Basic knowledge of general industrial processes and chemical and
physical nature of their effluents.
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5. Knowledge of basic scientific and technical resource literature
available which is relevant to the analyses commonly performed in
agency laboratories.
6. Knowledge of the hazards to be observed in performing analyses in
the chemical laboratory.
7. Detailed knowledge of the scientific method and of research design
principles.
8. Detailed knowledge of the procedures and techniques for use of standard
laboratory devices.
9. Knowledge of proper analytic procedures for obtaining valid results.
This knowledge should be sufficient to:
a. Identify errors possible in each step of the procedure
and their effect on the final outcome of the analysis.
b. Identify critical steps in the procedure. A critical
step is one in which.
(1) Errors are known to frequently occur
(2) Little margin for error exists
C3) Errors are likely to go undetected
c. Revise procedures so as to reduce the possibility of error.
10. Knowledge of the chemical, electrical, and mechanical principles of
operation of the various analysis instruments sufficient to:
a. Identify instrument malfunctions which could go undetected
and result in inaccurate read-out (to the extent not already
documented in existing service manuals).
b. Develop procedures for the timely discovery of such malfunctions.
c. Identify the effects of incorrect instrument operation on
instrument read-out.
Minimum Acceptable Educational Background
Bachelor's Degree in chemistry. Advanced education or training will be
required to provide the skills and knowledge necessary to perform specific
tasks to which the in4ividual is assigned.
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Occupational Category Description
CHEMICAL LABORATORY TECHNICIAN
General Duties
The Chemical Laboratory Technician performs proceduralized, standard wet
test chemical analyses of atmospheric pollutants in a laboratory setting
under close supervision of a Chemist.
The tasks performed by the Chemical Laboratory Technician typically
involve the following general activities *•
1. Preparing, labeling, standardizing, and storing reagents;
maintaining a record of their ages; and disposing of them
when their recommended shelf life has been exceeded.
2. Distilling water required for chemical analyses.
3. Cleaning and assembling apparatus.
4. Conducting analyses according to detailed step-by-step
directions, receiving assistance from a Chemist as required.
5. Recording the results of the analysis in a standard form
(including deviations from the standard procedure).
6. Calculating pollutant concentration using detailed step-by-
step directions.
7. Reporting all calculations in standard form to a Chemist.
8. Disassembling, cleaning, and storing all apparatus.
Representative Assignments
The following tasks are representative of the type of tasks the Chemical
Laboratory Technician could perform with appropriate supervision:
1. Determination of Nitrogen Dioxide and Nitric Oxide Concentrations
in the Atmosphere Using the Saltzman Method.
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2. Determination of Sulfur Dioxide Concentration in the
Atmosphere Using the West-Gaeke Method.
3. Determination of Sulfur Dioxide and Sulfur Trioxide
Concentrations in Stack Gases.
Representative Skill and Knowledge Qualifications
1. Ability to perform basic laboratory operations typically required
for the type of chemical analysis procedures performed by the
Chemical Laboratory Technician. Such operations include:
a. Preparing reagents and handling caustic or otherwise
dangerous chemicals without splattering acid, precipi-
tating an explosion, or otherwise damaging personnel or
equipment.
b. Obtaining definite volumes of solutions using apparatus
such as a pipette, syringe, volumetric flask, or burette.
c. Using an analytical balance to obtain an accurate weight
of a dry reagent or filter.
d. Cleaning glassware and other apparatus without breakage
or injury to oneself.
e. Performing a quantitative transfer of a solution from one
container to another without losing any of the sample.
f. Cleaning grease from the neck of a flask without contami-
nating the contained sample with the cleaning agent.
2. Ability to read indicating devices, such as a thermometer, manometer,
dry gas meter, and flowmeter, and to interpret meter readings.
3. Ability to follow directions for assembling sampling apparatus with
each component in proper sequence.
4. Ability to read and interpret data from tables, psychometric charts,
or nomographs.
5. Ability to perform arithmetic calculations and resolve algebraic
equations in four variables, using detailed step-by-step procedures.
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6. Ability to accurately and completely follow procedures and directions.
7. Knowledge of general damages and hazards common to work in a chemical
laboratory.
8. Basic knowledge of chemical concepts and nomenclature (e.g., metric
units, reagents, common laboratory glassware).
Minimum Acceptable Educational Background
High school diploma (or equivalent) with courses in chemistry and
algebra. This formal education will have to be augmented with technical
training to provide the skills and knowledge required for the specific
tasks to which the individual is assigned/
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Occupational Category Description
METEOROLOGIST
General Duties
Personnel in this category are responsible for tasks which require
analysis or prediction of meteorological conditions and their effects on
concentrations, distribution, and diffusion of air contaminants. The
primary areas of agency activity in which Meteorologists function include:
1. Air monitoring
2. Episode control
3. Plan review (in predicting emission concentrations at
ground level as a function of meteorological conditions)
4. Daily forecasts or reports of pollution conditions
5. Research in pollution forecasting methods
6. Source testing
7. Modelling of pollution phenomena to solve large scale planning
problems (e.g., source siting).
8. Direct support with current meteorological and climatological data
to scientists and engineers In other sections of the control agency.
The duties of the Meteorologist involve detailed analysis, forecasting,
and interpretation of meteorological factors and their impact on pollution
conditions. The Meteorologist is also involved in developing new and
improved methods for achieving his objectives. His tasks are characterized
by high contingency probability, often inadequate technology for problem
solution, and close public attention to his pronouncements.
Representative Assignments
1. Problem solving using mathematical models (e.g., diffusion models/.
2. Routine forecasting of meteorological conditions and pollution
level effects.
3. Purchasing and evaluating meteorological instruments.
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4. Developing objective methods for predicting pollution conditions
from known local emission characteristics, meteorological conditions,
and other factors (e.g., topographical features).
5. Assisting in development of the episode control system.
6. Determining locations for air monitoring stations.
Representative Skill and Knowledge Qualifications
1. Ability to communicate effectively in written and spoken form.
2. Ability to apply systematic problem-solving techniques to the solution
of conceptual and technical problems.
3. Detailed knowledge of National Weather Services services and products
relevant to forecasting local meteorological conditions.
4. Knowledge of accepted meteorological forecasting procedures and
techniques.
5. Knowledge of probability theory, statistical methods, and appropriate
interpretation of statistical findings.
6. Basic knowledge of industrial processes; the chemical or physical
properties of their effluents; and their interaction with atmospheric
and meteorological conditions.
7. Basic knowledge of air pollution control technology and regulatory
activities.
8. Knowledge of the state-of-the-art in areas including:
a. Meteorological and air quality monitoring systems.
b. Automatic data transmission, processing, and display equipment.
9. Knowledge of basic principles of use and Interpretation of mathematical
modeling methods and results.
Minimum Acceptable Educational Background
Bachelor's Degree in meteorology (with course work in mathematics or
engineering). Advanced training or formal education may be required to pro-
vide the skills and knowledge necessary to perform specific tasks to which
the individual is assigned.
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Occupational Category Description
METEOROLOGICAL TECHNICIAN
General Duties
Individuals in this occupational category support the agency's
Meteorologist by performing relatively proceduralized functions including:
1. Assembly or collection of meteorological data.
2. Manipulation or analysis of meteorological data.
*
3. Preparation of routine announcements of weather and
pollution conditions.
4. Routine maintenance of meteorological instruments.
5. Preparation of findings for presentation in published
reports.
In performing the above functions, the Meteorological Technician inputs
directly to, and is supervised by, a Meteorologist. The tasks performed
by a Meteorological Technician typically involve collection of data or
information, relatively standardized data analysis and manipulation,
straightforward calculations which can be easily proceduralized, basic
monitoring of meteorological and ambient air equipment, and communications
with the public and news media to report current conditions and forecasts.
Representative Assignments'
1. Collect meteorological data from agency air monitoring stations.
2. Assemble meteorological data (e.g., from daily teletype printout),
format it, and describe current or past climatological conditions
(e.g., presence and strength of inversions).
3. Perform correlations and other standard statistical procedures in
support of Meteorologists investigating the relationship of meteoro-
logical conditions and pollution.
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4. Document routine public information statements which describe
current or forecasted meteorological and pollution conditions
(e.g., format relevant information and make it available to
local news media).
5. Perform proceduralized, routine maintenance on meteorological
monitoring equipment. This task can also be performed by the
Equipment Technician.
6. Carry out proceduralized tasks required in performing and report-
ing research in the areas of meteorology and air pollution control,
for example: preparation of data tables, graphs, wind roses,
surface maps, etc., using data provided by the Meteorologist.
7. In a sufficiently proceduralized Episode Alert System, monitor
ambient air or meteorological conditions for early signs of a
developing episode.
8. In a sufficiently objective and proceduralized pollution condition
forecasting system, predict basic pollution levels as a function
of current or forecasted meteorological conditions or other factors
(e.g., time of year).
Representative Skill and Knowledge Qualifications
1. Ability to accurately perform arithmetic calculations and algebraic
manipulations.
2. Ability to use a desk calculator, nomographs, data tables, and other
data manipulation aids.
3. Ability to accurately and completely follow procedures and directions.
4. Knowledge of the meteorological terminology and concepts used in air
pollution control-related tasks and at a level of detail appropriate
to the type of proceduralized tasks in which the Associate Meteorologist
participates.
5. A basic knowledge of the relationship of air pollution contaminant
levels to general meteorological conditions.
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6. Knowledge of the basic principles of graphing data on two-or three-
dimensional plotting systems and the ability to plot data neatly and
accurately.
Minimum Acceptable Educational Background
High school diploma, with emphasis on science and mathematics (including
algebra and analytic geometry). This formal education will have to be aug-
mented with technical training to provide the skills and knowledge required
for the specific tasks to which the individual is assigned.
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Occupational Category Description
FIELD ENFORCEMENT OFFICER
General Duties
Personnel in this occupational category generally work to enforce agency
control and regulatory efforts through inspecting and policing activities.
In addition, they can perform a variety of administrative activities which
support the direct field enforcement operation. The areas of the Field
*
Enforcement Officer's activities include:
1. Routine inspections
2. Complaint handling and investigation
3. Surveillance and Patrol
4. Identification of violations and performance of appropriate enforce-
ment procedures including investigation and documentation of violations.
5. Smokeschool administration
6. Assist agency legal staff
The role of the Field Enforcement Officer typically does not require a
high level of technical expertise in areas of engineering, industrial pro-
cess, or air pollution control equipment design and performance character-
istics. Host of their operations are routine and usually standardized.
However, members of this group have a great deal of contact with the public,
and this element of their effort does not lend itself to proceduralization.
Representative Assignments
1. Perform routine and partially proceduralized inspection of small com-
mercial or industrial facilities. Such inspections can be in support
of:
a. Complaint investigations.
b. Enforcement of the agency's episode control system
requirements.
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c. Enforcement of the agency's permit system requirements
d. Annual boiler or incinerator inspection requirements
2. Patrol areas of the agency's jurisdiction looking for violations
of the regulations relevant to mobile or stationary sources and
documents violation.
3. Organize, prepare, and administer smoke-reading training for agency
personnel.
4. Document complaints and pursue complaint Investigations with the
objective of identifying legitimate complaints and satisfying the
complainant's requests.
5. Perform routine and proceduralized enforcement tasks, including
reporting and serving violation notices and testifying as a witness
in court as required.
6. Assist the agency legal staff In preparing proceduralized and routine
documentation and evidence for use in legal actions.
Representative Skill and Knowledge Qualifications
1. Ability to effectively interact and communicate with complainants
and the management of facilities to be inspected.
2. Ability to interpret regulations.
3. Ability to read basic engineering or process flow diagrams.
4. Ability to perform arithmetic computations.
5. Ability to evaluate smoke density.
6. Ability to follow procedures, being careful to accurately perform
all required steps.
7. Basic knowledge of small to medium size industrial or commercial
processes relevant to air pollution Ce.g., paint spraying, dry
cleaning, incineration, and fuel combustion equipment).
8. Basic knowledge of terminology used in air pollution control
operations.
Minimum Acceptable Educational Background
High school diploma (or equivalent). This formal education will have
to be augmented with technical training to provide the skills and knowledge
required for the specific tasks to which the individual is assigned.
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Occupational Category Description
PUBLIC INFORMATION SPECIALIST
General Duties
Personnel in this category implement the public information program
and policies of the agency. Their role is to prepare public information
presentations in various media and for a variety of audiences. Their
work requires them to articulate technical, legal, scientific, and
medical facts and concepts in a manner which is sensitive to the informa-
tion needs of the audience and the objectives of the communication.
Representative Assignments
1. Prepare public information presentations.
2. Contribute to development of an agency public information policy.
3. Arrange public information events such as press conferences, television
appearances for staff members, and publicity activities (e.g., ex-
hibits or demonstrations).
Representative Skill and Knowledge Qualifications
1. Ability to design and write effective prose.
2. Ability to orally communicate effectively with individuals of widely
divergent professional or technical interests.
3. Ability to quickly learn technical knowledge, legal requirements,
and scientific findings relevant to the area of air pollution control.
4. Ability to research technical and scientific literature.
5. Knowledge of media andproduction areas relevant to development of a
public information presentation.
6. Knowledge of the procedures for developing, maintaining, and utilizing
.X'
contacts with personnel in mass media and other information dissemina-
tion positions.
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Minimum Acceptable Educational Background
Bachelor's Degree with a major in areas such as journalism,
literature, advertising, English, etc., with some background in
physical science or engineering.
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Occupational Category Description
AIR POLLUTION CONTROL DIRECTOR
General Duties
The Air Pollution Control Director is responsible for leadership of
the agency's technical, administrative, and regulatory activities. As
such, his activities can be generally characterized to include:
1. Collecting information required for guidance and develop-
ment of agency efforts. '
2. Making decisions concerning agency policy and objectives.
3. Coordinating and directing the planning and development
of agency activities.
4. Coordinating, directing, and evaluating agency activities and
progress.
5. Representing the agency in interactions with its constituency
(public and private sectors) and with various governmental
bodies.
Representative Assignments
1. Communicate with organized citizen groups to determine their goals
and desires with regard to air pollution control and the extent to
\
which they are satisfied by agency efforts.
2. Identify the expectations and performance criteria of governmental
agencies (federal, state, or local) which provide funds or otherwise
support agency activities.
3. Consult with attorneys and establish guidelines for the interpretation
of specific local regulations.
4. Coordinate preparation of the agency's annual budget, evaluate it
with regard to agency objectives, and defend it before a governmental
funding agency. Provide liaison with controlling legislative bodies.
A-40
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5. Direct development of the agency's position with regard to new or
modified regulations.
6. Coordinate development of new techniques and materials required to
implement proposed or newly promulgated regulations.
7. Routinely review and evaluate published materials depicting the state-
of-the-art in technical and management areas (e.g., air pollution
control technology, personnel management techniques, program planning
and budgeting methods, latest legal interpretations and precedents).
8. Coordinate or direct agency personnel recruitment, training, and per-
formance evaluation systems.
9. Negotiate with representatives of a major pollution source to work
out a suitable compliance program (including equipment to be installed
and an acceptable timetable).
10. Conduct press conferences with news media.
Representative Skill and Knowledge Qualifications
1. Ability to effectively chair public or private meetings intended to
generate questions, comments, criticisms, or recommended modification
to proposed regulations or activities.
2. Ability to communicate effectively in written or spoken form with
representatives of industry, citizen groups, or politicians to
accomplish functions including:
a. Solicit criticisms, expectations, demands and
supporting technical information relevant to
development of new regulations or agency policy.
b. "Sell" the agency's position on the proposed
regulation.
c. Negotiate a compromise version of the regulation
which meets the requirements of the agency and
satisfies the pressure groups.
d. Promote and explain an episode control system.
e. Aid in development of local control programs.
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3. Ability to judge current local political or economic conditions
and react to them accordingly in developing agency activities
or policy.
4. Ability to systematically and effectively solve problems or make
decisions. This general skill includes:
a. Ability to accurately define the problem in terms of
objective, desirable outcome.
b. Ability to accurately and completely identify the
elements of the situation which affect selection or
development of a solution. ,
5. Ability to integrate knowledge of agency capability, past experience,
local regulations, and knowledge of the state-of-the-art in air pol-
lution control and regulatory technology to define and then seek to
achieve agency objectives.
6. Ability to coordinate an on-going evaluation of local agency internal
training, procedure development, and external activities (e.g., per-
formance of control and regulatory efforts).
7. Ability to select enforcement actions which are appropriate for specific
types of violations and circumstances. This skill may require the
ability to interact with attorneys and enforcement personnel in select-
ing the appropriate enforcement action.
8. Ability to evaluate the quantity and quality of work produced by the
staff and discriminate acceptable from unacceptable performance. This
i
skill assumes the ability to develop or use criteria of performance
acceptability.
9. Knowledge of the technical areas of air pollution control and industrial
processes at a level of detail required for management activities,
including:
a. Development or approval of new regulations.
b. Response to questions and criticism regarding agency
activity from newsmen, the public, governmental bodies.
c. Development or approval of specific compliance programs.
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d. High level supervision of the agency's activities in
technical, engineering, and enforcement areas.
e. Agency policy and program development.
10. Knowledge of the- types of situations which can occur and which
signal the need for developing new regulations or amending current
regulations. Such conditions include:
a. A new Federal ambient air quality standard is promulgated
for a specific contaminant.
b. Current emission standards are not achieving the desired
effect on air quality.
c. A breakthrough in air pollution control technology has
occurred which makes a new generation of emission standards
achievable.
d. There has been an excessive number of single-chamber incinera-
tor smoke violations.
e. Scientific evidence has been published showing significant
health effects due to a contaminant which is currently emitted
without being controlled by regulations.
f. The penalty for a specific violation does not appear to be
having a significant deterrent effect.
11. Knowledge of systematic approaches which are useful for problem
solving and planning of work activities (e.g., the "systems"
approach to design).
12. Knowledge of procedures for maintaining contact with, the elements of
the agency's working context which affect or are affected by its
performance. These elements include:
a. Other state and Federal agencies.
b. The industrial/commercial community.
c. Local governmental and quasi-governmental bodies which interface
with agency activities (e.g., advisory board, variance board,
public health department).
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Minimum Acceptable Educational Background
Bachelor's Degree, in a technical or scientific area relevant to
air pollution control. Advanced education and training will be necessary
to acquire the skills and knowledge required to perform the Director's
tasks.
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Occupational Category Description
EQUIPMENT TECHNICIAN
General Duties
The Equipment Technician operates and maintains the equipment and
instrumentation used for various agency activities (e.g., laboratory
analysis, source testing, meteorology). His primary functions include:
1. Performance of highly proceduralized standard installation,
service, troubleshooting, repair, and calibration procedures
on laboratory instrumentation and analyzers.
2. Maintenance of specialized research tools (e.g., a Smog Chamber)
and the operation of them to carry out preplanned experimental
procedures.
3. Collection of particulate and/or gaseous samples in con-
junction with stack and mobile source tests.
4. Conduct of odor tests.
5. Installation, operation, and performance of proceduralized
maintenance on the chassis and engine dynamometers.
Representative Assignments
1. Maintenance of equipment such as the colorimeter, atomic absorption
spectrophotometer, atad the X-ray defractometer.
2. Perform operation and maintenance of equipment such as the A.I.S.I.
Automatic Sampler, High Volume Air Sampler, Coulometric Titration
Analyzer and the Colorimetric air monitoring equipment.
3. Performance of a stack test, odor test, used car inspection,and
Idle or ACID test.
4. Maintain a stock of spare parts as necessary to service and main-
tain the various instruments.
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5. Establish and maintain a shop facility with the instrumentation,
tools, and reference manuals necessary to install, service, trouble-
shoot, and maintain the various instruments.
6. Arrange for the return of malfunctioning instruments or components
for factory repair as necessary.
Representative Skill and Knowledge Qualifications
1. Ability to quickly and correctly solve an algebraic equation in
several unknowns using a detailed step-by-step procedure.
2. Ability to read and interpret basic equipment design drawings (e.g.,
electronic schematics, wiring diagrams, piping and tubing diagrams,
and troubleshooting charts).
3. Ability to accurately and completely follow procedures and directions.
4. Ability to effectively use common hand tools and test instruments
required in equipment maintenance (e.g., screw drivers, wrenches,
ohmmeter, ammeter).
5. Ability to solder and unsolder electrical terminals.
6. Ability to determine and apply effective strategies for trouble-
shooting electronic equipment.
7. Basic knowledge of electronic theory, sonic conductors and state-
of-the-art electronic devices and packaging.
Minimum Acceptable Educational Background
High school graduate (or equivalent) with course work in chemistry,
mathematics, or physics. An alternate background would be a vocational
education course in high school with emphasis on electronic equipment
operation and maintenance. Further technical training will be necessary
to acquire the skills and knowledge required to perform the tasks to
which the individual will be assigned.
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Occupational Category Description
RESOURCES ADMINISTRATOR
General Duties
Personnel of this type have a highly specialized function within the
agency. Their role is high level management of the agency's financial,
personnel, and material resources. Their role frequently allows them
only superficial involvement in the agency's technical or regulatory ef-
forts. The Resources Administrator's responsibilities primarily are in
areas including:
1. Development and implementation of budgets.
2. Administration of agency personnel selection, training,
and performance evaluation.
3. Preparation of requests for grants and other forms of
financial aid.
4. Development and implementation of the agency's purchasing
policy and procedures.
Representative Assignments
1. Assist in the development and continuing refinement of the
agency's personnel policy and procedures.
2. Work with technical and clerical supervisors to identify current
and anticipated manpower requirements.
3. Assist in the solution of personnel relations problems (e.g.,
act as an arbitrator o-r counselor in problems involving individuals
and their supervisors, work with shop steward in unionized agencies).
4. Supervise administration of employee benefits program (e.g., vaca-
tion leave, retirement plans, life insurance plans, sick leave, etc.).
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5. Supervise administration of the personnel performance review/
evaluation system.
6. Direct the development of purchasing procedures, materials, and
paper flow.
7. Supervise the proceurement of equipment and supplies. Evaluate
the justification for all major purchases.
8. Supervise the equipment inventory system and related records.
9. Coordinate development of the agency's annual budget. This requires
close interaction with supervisors of the agency's various operational
divisions.
10. Manage actual expenditures to maintain the budget. This effort may
result in a working budget which reflects the estimated expenditures
of the various divisions and groups within the agency.
11• Maintain records and prepare reports describing expenditure of grant
funds.
12. Supervise administration of accounting procedures.
Representative Skill and Knowledge Qualifications
1. Ability to acquire sufficient knowledge of air pollution technology and
control agency activities at a level of detail sufficient to support
interaction with agency personnel in:
a. Budget development and program planning
b. Purchasing
c. Development of job specifications
2. Ability to communicate effectively in both, written and spoken form to
a variety of technical and non-technical audiences.
3. Ability to counsel agency personnel with grievances and to work with
union officials in cases in which they are involved.
4. Ability to interpret agency policy in developing and planning agency
activities. This skill involves the ability to discriminate whether
or not planned activities are consistent with agency policy.
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5. Ability to direct or coordinate development and implementation
of policies and procedures governing:
a. Purchasing and inventory management.
b. Personnel management.
c. Financial management (e.g., budget planning and imple-
mentation) .
6. Knowledge of procedures and techniques for developing and implementing
programs in the areas of personnel selection, training, and perfor-
mance evaluation.
7. Background knowledge sufficient to support evaluation and imple-
mentation of new techniques in areas including:
a. Personnel management
b. Organizational structure
c. Program and budgetary planning
d. Computerized data filing and acquisition systems
8. Knowledge of accepted procedures and techniques for planning the use
of resources (personnel, material, and financial) to accomplish a
specific work goal. This includes the ability to modify plans in
response to contingencies (e.g., delays caused by difficulty in ob-
taining required information such that the production schedule is
affected).
9. Knowledge of the state-of-the-art methods in program planning and
budgeting (for example1, Program Evaluation and Review Technique,
Plan Programming Budgeting System).
10. Knowledge of basic accounting methods such as preparation of trial
balance and financial statements (using general journal and general
ledger methods).
11. Knowledge of procedures for developing and administering employee
benefit programs including vacation leave, insurance plans, sick
leave, etc.
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12. Knowledge of equipment accountability and inventory control procedures.
Minimum Acceptable Educational Background
Bachelor's Degree in a relevant area of business or public administration
with some course work in physical science or engineering. Advanced education
or training will be required to acquire the skills and knowledge needed for
tasks to which the individual will be assigned.
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Occupational Category Description
PROGRAM PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT SPECIALIST
General Duties
Personnel in this category perform a variety of staff level tasks
relevant to development and evaluation of the agency's programs, policies,
and regulations. Their duties typically require systematic solution of
problems requiring relatively broad knowledge and skills in the areas of
air pollution control and regulatory methods. Frequently, they will have
to represent the agency in interactions with high level officials in both
private and public sectors of the agency's constituency.
Representative Assignments
1. Literature reviews and development of data summaries regarding
ambient air quality standards.
2. Development of new or modified air pollution control regulations.
3. Development of local control agencies within a coordinated state
program.
4. Develop and establish a program management system to define goals
and objectives and measure progress toward their attainment.
5. Provide analysis and evaluation techniques for identifying
problems and quantifying program alternatives to assist in the
decision making process.
Representative Skill and Knowledge Qualifications
1. Ability to communicate in written and spoken form to a variety of
audience types (both technical and non-technical) at all levels of
the private or public sector of the agency's constituency.
2. Ability to apply general, systematic problem solving techniques to
conceptual and technical problems.
3. Ability to use data manipulation aids including desk calculators,
slide rule, nomographs, data tables, and graphs.
4. Ability to prepare, read, and interpret engineering drawings, plans,
or technical specifications.
5. Basic knowledge of industrial processes, equipment, and practices
which are relevant to air pollution control.
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6. Basic knowledge of air pollution control and regulatory technology
and procedures.
7. Knowledge of literature search methods and library resources in
areas relevant to air pollution control and regulatory activities.
Minimum Acceptable Educational Background
Bachelor's Degree in a technical or scientific field relevant to air
pollution control (e.g., engineering, physics, chemistry). Advanced
education or training will be necessary to acquire the skills and knowledge
required to perform the tasks to which the individual will be assigned.
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