United States
Environmental Protection
Industrial Environmental Research EPA-600/7-80-011
Igibcfaiory         January 1980
Research Triangle Park NC 27711
Disposal of Flue Gas
Cleaning Wastes:
EPA Shawnee Field
Evaluation-
Third Annual  Report

Interagency
Energy/Environment
R&D Program Report

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                  RESEARCH REPORTING SERIES


 Research reports of the Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental
 Protection Agency, have been grouped into nine series. These nine broad cate-
 gories were established to facilitate furthe. development and application of en-
 vironmental technology. Elimination  of traditional  grouping  was consciously
 planned to foster technology transfer and a maximum interface in related fields.
 The nine series are:

     1. Environmental Health Effects Research

     2. Environmental Protection Technology

     3. Ecological Research

    4. Environmental Monitoring

    5. Socioeconomic Environmental  Studies

    6. Scientific and Technical Assessment Reports (STAR)

    7. Interagency Energy-Environment Research and Development

    8. "Special" Reports

    9. Miscellaneous Reports

This report has been assigned 'o the INTERAGENCY ENERGY-ENVIRONMENT
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT series. Reports in this series result from the
effort funded under the 17-agency Federal Energy/Environment Research and
Development Program. These studies relate to EPA's mission to protect the public
health and welfare from adverse effects of pollutants associated with energy sys-
tems. The goal of  the Program is to assure the rapid development of domestic
energy supplies in  an environmentally-compatible manner by providing the nec-
essary environmental data and control technology. Investigations include analy-
ses of the transport of energy-related pollutants and their health and  ecological
effects; assessments  of, and development of,  control  technologies for energy
systems; and integrated  assessments of a wide range of energy-related environ-
mental issues.
                        EPA REVIEW NOTICE
This report has been reviewed by the participating Federal Agencies, and approved
for  publication. Approval does  not signify that the contents necessarily  reflect
the  views and policies of the Government, nor does mention of trade names or
commercial products  constitute endorsement or recommendation for use.

This document is available to the public through the National Technical Informa-
tion Service, Springfield, Virginia 22161.

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                                         EPA-600/7-80-011

                                               January 1980
Disposal  of  Flue Gas Cleaning  Wastes:
      EPA Shawnee  Field  Evaluation-
              Third  Annual Report
                            by

                R. B. Fling, P. R. Hurt, J. Rossoff, and J. R. Witz

                     The Aerospace Corporation
                    Energy and Resources Division
                        P. 0. Box 92957
                      Los Angeles, CA 90009
                      Contract No. 68-02-2633
                   Program Element No. EHE624A
                  EPA Project Officer: Julian W. Jones

               Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
             Office of Environmental Engineering and Technology
                   Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
                         Prepared for

               U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
                  Office of Research and Development
                      Washington, DC 20460

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                                   ABSTRACT
          This  interim  document  is the third annual  progress  report  made on a
field evaluation  project being conducted by the  U.S.  Environmental Protection
Agency  to  assess  techniques  for the disposal  of power plant  flue  gas desul-
furization  wastes.    It discusses  the  results  obtained from  September  1974,
when the project  was  initiated,  through June  1978.   The evaluation site is at
the  TVA Shawnee  Steam  Plant  in Paducah,  Kentucky.   Two  prototype scrubbers,
using lime  and limestone  absorbents and  rated  at  10-MWe each,  produced  the
sludges used in this  project.  By  mid-1978,  eight ponds were under evaluation.
Two are untreated,  three are  chemically treated,  and  three are untreated with
underdrainage.   One of  the underdrained  ponds contains  sludge which has been
oxidized to gypsum.   Groundwater,  supernate,  leachate, underdrain, runoff,  and
sludge and  soil cores are  being  analyzed.

          After three years,  two  of  the  chemically treated  ponds and the un-
treated ponds with  underdrainage exhibit  the ability to shed water and to con-
trol seepage,  respectively,  and  to support construction vehicles.  The chemi-
cally treated  pond  under water  reduces sludge  permeability by about one order
of  magnitude,   as do  the  others,  and provides  strength but  not  traction for
vehicles.   Gypsum  dewaters  and handles  easily,  but its  runoff  and  leachate
must be controlled  to prevent discharge to water supplies.  It becomes struc-
turally unstable  when rewet;  however, the disposal site can be managed to pre-
vent these  conditions.
                                      ill

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                                   CONTENTS
ABSTRACT	     ill




ACKNOWLEDGMENTS	      XV




CONVERSION TABLE	    xvii




I.     INTRODUCTION	       1




II.    FINDINGS	       3




III.   RECOMMENDATIONS	.	       5




IV.    SUMMARY	       7




       4.1    Untreated Sludge	       7




              4.1.1    Leachate and Underdrain........................       7




              4.1.2    Runoff	      11




              4.1.3    Supernate	      11




              4.1.4    Groundwater	      11




              4.1.5    Physical Characteristics	      18




       4.2    Chemically Treated Sludge	      18




              4.2.1    Leachate	      18




              4.2.2    Supernate.....	      18




              4.2.3    Groundwater	      26




              4.2.4    Physical Characteristics	      26

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                              CONTENTS  (Continued)









       4.3    Soil      	       27




       4.4    Costs     	       28




V.     ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT	       31




VI.    SITE AND FACILITY DISCRIPTION	       33




       6.1    General   	       33




       6.2    Test Facilities	       33




       6.3    Ponds	       33




              6.3.1    Leachate Well Construction	       36




              6.3.2    Underdrain Construction	       36




              6.3.3    Groundwater Well Construction	       36




       6.4    Weather Data Station	       39




VII.   OPERATIONS AND SCHEDULES	       41




       7.1    Pond Filling and Chemical Treatment	       41




              7.1.1    Pond F	       43




              7.1.2    Pond H	       43




       7.2    Schedules	       46




       7.3    Sampling and Analysis	       46




       7.4    Pond Closure	       53




              7.4.1    Considerations for Closure of Landfill.........       53




              7.4.2    Procedures Used for Closure of Shawnee Ponds...       54




              7.4.3    Monitoring, Sampling, and Analysis	       59
                                      vi

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                             CONTENTS (Continued)








VIII.  RESULTS OF ANALYSES	      61




       8.1    Untreated Sludge	      61




              8.1.1    Pond A/A1 (Lime Absorbent)	      61




              8.1.2    Pond D (Limestone Absorbent)	      63




              8.1.3    Pond F (Untreated, Limestone Absorbent)	      68




              8.1.4    Pond G (Underdrained, Lime Absorbent)	      74




              8.1.5    Pond H (Underdrained, Ash-Free Gypsum)	      74




              8.1.6    Physical Characteristics	      81




              8.1.7    Underdrain Design	      92




       8.2    Treated Sludge	      97




              8.2.1    Pond B Water Analyses	      97




              8.2.2    Pond C Water Analyses	      99




              8.2.3    Pond E Water Analyses	      106




       8.3    Treated Sludge Core Analyses	      106




       8.4    Soil Analyses	      113




       8.5    Climatological and Hydrological  Data	      116




IX.    DISPOSAL COST ESTIMATES	      121




       9.1    Base Conditions	      121



       9.2    Untreated Sludge, Indigenous  Liner	      121




       9.3    Untreated Sludge, PVC Liner	      128




       9.4    Untreated Sludge, Underdrained	      128




       9.5    Gypsum, Indigenous Liner	      128




       9.6    Gypsum, Lined	•	      136
                                      vii

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                             CONTENTS  (Continued)



       9.7    Chemical Treatment	     136

       9.8    Cost Comparisons	     136

REFERENCES    	     143

APPENDICES

A.     WATER ANALYSIS DATA	     145

B.     METHODS USED TO DETERMINE CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL
       CHARACTERISTICS OF FGD SLUDGES	     203
                                    viii

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                                    FIGURES
 1.     Concentration of IDS and Major Species in Pond A/A1
       Leachate	,
 2.     Concentration of TDS and Major Species in Pond D
       Leachate	       10

 3.     Concentration of TDS in Pond F Underdrain	       12

 4.     Concentration of TDS in Pond G Underdrain	       13

 5.     Comparison of TDS Concentration in the Underdrain
       Water and Runoff of Pond H	       14

 6.     Concentration of TDS and Major Species in Pond A/A1
       Supernate	       16

 7.     Concentration of TDS and Major Species in Pond D
       Supernate	       17

 8.     Load-Bearing Strength as a Function of Moisture, Fly  Ash
       Content, and Sludge Origin	       20

 9.     Concentration of TDS and Major Species in Pond B
       Leachate	       21

10.     Concentration of TDS and Major Species in Pond C
       Leachate	       22

11.     Concentration of TDS and Major Species in Pond E
       Leachate	       23

12.     Concentration of TDS and Major Species in Pond B
       Supernate	       24

13.     Concentration of TDS and Major Species in Pond C
       Supernate	       25

14.     Concentration of TDS and Major Species in Pond E
       Supernate	       26
                                       ix

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                              FIGURES (Continued)
15.    KPA  Shawnee  FGD Waste  Disposal Field Demonstration
       Functional Organization	      32

16.    Disposal Site  and  Well Nomenclature	      34

17.    Leachate Collection  Well	      37

18.    Underdrain System  Installed  in Ponds F,  G,  and H.;	      38

19.    Pond B Core  Sample Locations and Dates	      48

20.    Pond C Core  and Soil Sample  Locations and Dates	      49

21.    Pond D Core  Sample Locations and Dates..	      50

22.    Pond E Core  Sample Locations and Dates	      51

23.    Pond F Core  Sample Locations and Dates	      52

24.    Elevation View of  Pond E	      55

25.    Plan View of Pond  E	      56

26.    Elevation View of  Pond F	      57

27.    Plan View of Pond  F	      58

28.    Concentration  of IDS and Major Species in Pond A/A1
       Groundwater	      62

29.    Concentration  of TDS and Major Species in Pond A/A1
       Supernate	      64

30.    Concentration  of TDS and Major Species in Pond A/A1
       Leachate	      65

31.    Concentration  of Minor Species in Pond A/A1  Leachate...........      66

32.    Concentration  of TDS and Major Species in Pond D
       Groundwater	      67

33.    Concentration  of TDS and Major Species in Pond D
       Supernate	      69

34.    Concentration  of TDS and Major Species in Pond D
       Leachate*	      70

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                              FIGURES (Continued)
35.    Concentration of Minor Species in Pond D Leachate	       71

36.    Concentration of IDS in Pond D Leachate and  Supernate  with
       Rainfall	       72

37.    Concentration of TDS and Major Species in Pond  F
       Ground water	       73

38.    Concentration of TDS in Pond F Underdrain Water	       76

39.    Concentration of Minor Species in Pond F Underdrain	       77

40.    Concentration of TDS and Major Species in Pond  G
       Groundwater	       78

41.    Concentration of TDS in Pond G Underdrain	       79

42.    Concentration of Minor Species in Pond G Underdrain......	       80

43.    Concentration of TDS and Major Species in Pond  H
       Groundwater	       82

44.    Comparison of TDS Concentration  in  the Underdrain Water
       and Runoff of Pond H	       83

45.    Concentration of Minor Species in Pond H Underdrain	       84

46.    Load-Bearing Strength as a Function of Moisture,  Fly Ash
       Content, and Sludge Origin	       88

47.    Viscosity of Shawnee FGD Sludges	       93

48.    Concentration of TDS and Major Species in Pond  B
       Groundwater	       98

49.    Concentration of TDS and Major Species in Pond  B
       Supernate	      100

50.    Concentration of TDS in Pond B Leachate and  Supernate
       with Rainfall	      101

51.    Concentration of TDS and Major Species in Pond  B
       T.eachate	      102
                                       xi

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FIGURES (Continued)
52.
53.

54.

55.

56.
57.

58.

59.

60.
61.

62.

63.
64.
65.

Concentration of IDS and Major Species in Pond C

Concentration of IDS and Major Species in Pond C

Concentration of IDS and Major Species in Pond C


Concentration of IDS and Major Species in Pond E

Concentration of IDS and Major Species in Pond E

Concentration of IDS and Major Species in Pond E


Comparison of Precipitation and Leachate Well Water

Precipitation as a Function of Water Level in Ponds A


Limestone Sludge Pond: 50-Acre Sections for Underdrainage 	

103

104

105

107
108

109

110

111
112

118

119
125
131
135
       xii

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                                    TABLES
 1.     Shawnee Disposal Sites.	       8

 2.     Summary of Typical Concentrations of Major and Minor
       Species in Pond H Underdrain and Runoff Samples	      15

 3.     Sludge Ultimate Bearing Capacity	      19

 4.     Cost Comparison of Various Disposal Methods.........	      29

 5.     Shawnee Pond Dimensions	      35

 6.     Shawnee Disposal Sites	      42

 7.     Settling and Physical Characteristics of Pond H Clarifier
       Underflow (Gypsum)	      45

 8.     Chemical Characterization Parameter List........	      47

 9.     Input Liquor Analysis	      75

10.     Summary of Typical Concentrations of Major and Minor
       Species in Pond H Underdrain and Runoff Samples	      85

11.     Bulk Densities of FGD Wastes	      87

12.     Sludge Ultimate Bearing Capacity...	      90

13.     Permeability of Shawnee Sludges	      91

14.     Effect of Compaction on Permeability of Untreated
       Sludge	      91

15.     Summary of Optimum Designs for Different Sand Layers	      96

16.     Physical Characteristics of Impounded Treated Sludge
       Cores	      114

17.     Analysis of Shawnee Pond Site Soil  Cores for Retention  of
       a Major and Minor Species Due to Sludge Seepage	      117
                                     xiii

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                              TABLES  (Continued)



18.    Summary of Base Conditions	      122

19.    Summary of Base Case Outputs	      123

20.    Component Costs	      124

21.    Host Estimate for Untreated Pond,  Indigenous  Liner	      126

22.    Computation of Levelized Costs for Untreated  Pond,
       Indigenous Liner	      127

23.    Cost Estimate for Untreated Pond,  Synthetic Liner	      129

24.    Computation of Levelized Costs for Untreated  Pond,
       Synthetic Liner	      130

25.    Cost Estimate for Untreated Sludge, Underdrained Pond	      132

26.    Computation of Levelized Costs for Untreated  Sludge,
       Underdrained Pond	      134

27.    Cost Estimate for Slurried Gypsum, Indigenous Liner	      137

28.    Computation of Levelized Costs for Slurried Gypsum,
       Indigenous Liner	      138

29.    Cost Estimate for Slurried Gypsum, Synthetic  Liner	      139

30.    Computation of Levelized Costs for Slurried Gypsum,
       Synthetic Liner	      140

31.    Chemically Treated Sludge Disposal Cost Update	      141

32.    Cost Comparison of Disposal Alternatives	      142
                                     xiv

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                                ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
          The  results  reported  in  this document  reflect  the cooperation  and
valuable conributions of individuals from a number of  organizations  associated
with this project.   In  particular,  the authors wish to  acknowledge  Michael C.
Osborne  and Julian  W.  Jones,  the  EPA FGD Waste  Disposal Project  Officers,
whose management and technical  guidance has been especially helpful,  and  John
Williams, the  EPA Shawnee  Project  Officer, for  his  continuing assistance in
conducting project activities at the evaluation  site.

          The  following personnel  also have been  most  helpful in  conducting
this project:

                           The Aerospace Corporation

          H. R. Bigelow                              W.  F.  Reddall,  III

                                                     P.  A.  Riley

                                                     J.  R.  Shepherd
J. Block

K. A. Douglas
          W. M. Graven

          M. Perez
                                           W.  J.  Swartwood
                       Tennessee Valley  Authority (TVA)
          D. G. Carpenter

          J. M. Cummings

          C. Gottschalk

          T. Kelso

          M. Martin



          H. Head

          R. Keen
                                            H.  P.  Mathews

                                            J.  K.  Metcalfe

                                            R.  Shelley

                                            R.  Tulis
                  The Bechtel Corporation
                                           A.  Abdul-Sattar

                                           C.  Wang
                                      XV

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                               CONVERSION TABLE
    To  Convert  from
     English Units

Acres
Acre-Feet
Btu
Btu per Hour
Cubic Feet
Cubic Yards
Feet
Feet per Minute
Feet per Second
Foot-Pounds
Foot-Pounds per Minute
Gallons
Horsepower  (Electric)
Inches
Miles per Hour
Miles
Pounds
Pounds
Pounds per  Cubic Feet
Pounds per  Square  Inch
Square Feet
Square Yards
Tons (Short)
Yards
     To Metric Units

Square Meters
Cubic Meters
Joules
Watts
Cubic Meters
Cubic Meters
Meters
Meters per Second
Meters per Second
Joules
Watts
Cubic Meters
Watts
Meters
Meters per Second
Meters
Kilograms
Newtons
Kilograms per Cubic Meter
Newtons per  Square Meter
Square Meters
Square Meters
Kilograms
Meters
Multiply by

 4047
 1234
 1054
 0.2929
 0.02832
 0.7646
 0.3048
 0.005080
 0.3048
 1.356
 0.02260
 0.003785
 746.0
 0.02540
 0.4470
 1609
 0.4536
 4.448
 16.02
 7031
 0.09290
 0.8361
 907.2
 0.9144
                                     xvii

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                                   SECTION I

                                 INTRODUCTION
          This project was initiated  in  September  1974  by the U.S.  Environmen-
tal Protection  Agency (EPA)  for the  purpose of  conducting a field  disposal
evaluation of throwaway  by-products from nonregenerable  flue gas  desulfuriza-
tion (FGD) systems.  The purpose of this project is  to  evaluate the effects of
various disposal techniques, scrubbing operations, weather,  soil  interactions,
and field  operation procedures  on  the environmental  quality of the  disposal
site to determine environmentally sound  methods of disposal.  Principal inter-
est is in water quality and land reclamation  associated with disposal  by pond-
ing and  landfilling; therefore,  periodic  sampling,  analyses,  and  assessments
of  leachate,  supernate,  runoff,  groundwater, and soil  and sludge cores  are
conducted.  The project is expected to continue through 1980.

          Currently,  eight  field disposal  sites   are  being  evaluated  in this
project.   Each  pond  containing FGD  sludge  from  lime  and  limestone scrubbers
was excavated in a  silty clay  field approximately  45 ft above the water table.
At  a  depth beyond  20 ft, some fine sand is  present.   Typical permeability of
the clay  material  is about  5  x 10"'  cm/sec.  Two  contain  untreated  sludges;
three  contain chemically  treated sludges; and three contain untreated sludges
with underdrainage,  the last of which contains a  sulfite sludge which has been
oxidized  to  gypsum, filled to  capacity,  and then piled  above grade.   All the
sludges contain about 40 wt% fly ash  except  two which are relatively ash-free,
viz.,  the  lime  with underdrainage and the gypsum  site.  This report discusses
the first  3-1/2 years of  work, encompassing all  effort on  these  ponds.  The
addition of two gypsum sites,  not ponded but  piled above grade, and the plant-
ing of  young  trees on two  closed  ponds (of  the original eight)  subsequent to
this reporting  period will  complete the  configuration of the project.

          The  disposal sites  are  located  at the Tennessee  Valley Authority
(TVA)  Shawnee Steam Plant near Paducah,  Kentucky.   Two different scrubber sys-
tems,  functioning  in parallel, are being  operated  at this  station  as  an
EPA/TVA  test  facility.   Each  of the scrubbers  [a  turbulent contact  absorber
(TCA) and a venturi followed by a spray  tower]  is  capable of treating up to 10
megawatt  equivalent  (MWe)  of   flue  gas.  Sludges from  these scrubbers using
lime and  limestone  as the sulfur dioxide (S02) absorbent are used in the dis-
posal  evaluation project.   This program  provides  a  broad  data base for the
evaluation of SOj control through concurrent evaluations of scrubber perform-
ance,  sludge disposal, and  laboratory analyses.

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           Engineering cost  estimats  for  various chemical  treatment disposal
methods  were  discussed in detail  In  the  Initial report (Ref. 1).  These esti-
mates  are  updated in this report,  and a  review of current disposal cost esti-
mates  for  ponding of  untreated sludge and gypsum sludge is presented.

           This  is the  third report  to be  issued on this  project.   The first
two reports (Refs.  1  and  2)  discussed the results obtained on the project from
September  1974  through October 1976.  This report contains  the  data and re-
sults  of analyses generated  from  September 1974 through  June 1978.   Some up-
dates  have been made  for  clarity during the publication period.

           The effort  reported on in  this document  is  part of a broad range of
FGD waste  disposal  study activities  by  EPA,  the  results of which  have been
described  in  other  Aerospace reports  (Refs. 3  through  5).  The most recent of
these  reports  (Ref.  4) provides  the results of  the  chemical characterization
and physical  properties  analyses for  untreated  and  chemically treated sludges
from  13  different scrubbers  at Eastern  and Western power  plants using lime,
limestone, or double-alkali  absorbents.   The  data given  in  this  document are
oriented toward  the specific  activities  at  the TVA Shawnee  Plant,  but where
appropriate,  references  are  made  to  relate this work  to  the  general field of
FGD waste  disposal.

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                                  SECTION II

                                   FINDINGS
          After the third year of this field evaluation  project,  the following
findings appear to be significant:

          a.  Pond C,  containing IUCS chemically treated  sludge,  is structur-
              ally sound  and has demonstrated the ability  to shed  water  and
              prevent  seepage  (after conversion ,to a runoff  configuration in
              early 1979).  The  underdrainage  of untreated sludge (Ponds F  and
              G)  results  in a  structurally sound  material in an impoundment
              and  all  seepage   and  rainfall   at   the   sites  are  controlled.
              (Operationally, these waters would  be returned  to the scrubber
              for  reuse.)   Pond  B,  containing  a Dravo chemically  treated
              sludge  which can  be  disposed of  under  water,  supports  wheeled
              construction  vehicles but  does  not  afford traction.   Chemical
              treatment  improves the coefficient  of permeability by at least
              one order of magnitude.

          b.  The concentration  of  total dissolved solids (TDS)  in the leach-
              ate of  the  chemically treated and untreated waste  in nondrained
              ponds  has  approached levels  that  approximate  saturation  with
              gypsum.

          c.  The groundwaters  associated with all ponds  show no effect atri-
              butable  to  chemically  treated or untreated waste disposal.

          d.  Runoff  from  sulfite  sludge  that  has  been force-oxidized  to
              gypsum  shows  a TDS concentration of  between 2500 and 3200 mg/A,
              and the  total suspended solids  (TSS) in  the  same  runoff varies
              between  4  and  300 mg/&.   For  structural  strength  to be main-
              tained  in  the  gypsum material,  the site should  be  managed to
              shed water  so  that it  is not allowed to  reslurry by wetting.

          e.  Concentrations of  trace elements being monitored in the leachate
              of  chemically treated sludges show  positive and negative varia-
              tions  from concentrations  in  the input liquor.   Concentrations
              greater  than input conditions  can result from  additional trace
              elements  present  in the chemicals added in  the treatment  process
              (e.g.,  cement, fly ash,  and lime).  Of several thousand analyses
              of  treated and untreated sludge  leachate, only two showed trace

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element  concentrations greater  than 10  times the allowable  in
drinking  water (i.e.,  one  selenium and  one cadmium case),  and
these were in  the  range of  10  to  20  times the allowable.

Pond  closure  by  draining,   covering,  and  contouring  with  clay
material  has been demonstrated to  be  sufficient to retire  dis-
posal  sites  (chemically  treated  Pond  E  and untreated,  under-
drained  Pond F)  so that they will support  construction  vehicles
and shed water, thereby preventing seepage.

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                                  SECTION III

                                RECOMMENDATIONS
          It is recommended that the following  specific  disposal  techniques  be
further evaluated:

          a.  Continued  investigation  of the  disposal of  force-oxidized  sul-
              fite sludge  (gypsum)  including those processes  in  which organic
              additives are used in the  scrubbing  process.   This  investigation
              should  include  the  effects  of  weathering,   quality  of  runoff
              waters, and structural properties.   This is needed  because there
              is a desire  by some utilities  to dispose of  gypsum filter  cake
              by  stacking  it as high  as 100  ft  and  letting  it  remain perma-
              nently.    Preliminary investigations  have   indicated  that  the
              material  suffers from  the effects  of  freeze-thaw and  wet-dry
              cycling,  which  produces cracks  and  thereby  allows rainfall  to
              enter  the material.   As  a result, rewetting  occurs and causes a
              certain  reduction of  the  strength  of   the  material,  while  the
              concurrent  runoff contains  sediment  and  dissolved solids  not
              allowable  in  discharge  to streams.   If  this practice  is  fol-
              lowed, methods  to do  so  in an environmentally sound manner need
              to be  determined.

          b.  Monitoring  of  closed  disposal  sites  containig  both  chemically
              treated  and  untreated,   underdrained   waste  to  evaluate  the
              ability  of  these sites  to support  tree growth  and to  determine
              the effects of  closure  and tree plantings on seepage  and subsi-
              dence  at the  respective  sites.   No  demonstrations have been made
              to verify  the ability  of a capped disposal site to support deep
              rooted growth and to prevent seepage and subsidence.

          c.  Continued  evaluation  of  the effects  of time  and weather on the
              structural  and  chemical characteristics  of   chemically  treated
              sludges.   After  several years of monitoring chemically treated
              sludges  at  the  Shawnee  site,  deterioration  (cracking  and flak-
              ing)  of  the  surfaces  has occurred as  a  result of weathering.
              The extent to which  this occurs and  the depth at which it might
              be  effective  need  to  be  determined with  respect  to  as long a
              time as possible.

-------
Continued evaluation of  seepage and the quality of runoff from a
pond  containing  chemically  treated  waste in  which  the  runoff
mode  simulates an operational  disposal configuration.A lime-
stone/fly ash  treated site (Pond C) at Shawnee  contains hairline
cracks due  to  shrinkage  during  the curing  cycle.   This site has
been  operating as a  worst case condition in which  rainwater is
trapped  and contained on the   surface.   As  a result,  seepage
through  the hairline cracks  reach  the base of  the pond rapidly.
The purpose  of the  conversion  of this pond to  a  runoff mode is
to determine whether this material is capable  of  shedding rain-
fall  such that  seepage to the base is prevented.

Disposal of  sludges  produced from  new scrubber  installations or
processes being tested at the  TVA Shawnee Scrubber  Test  Facil-
ity.Because   allsludgesareuniqueregardingthesourcesoT
materials and  type of processes in which they  are produced,  any
new sludges  that  are different  from  those  already evaluated may
well  exhibit  properties  not observed  previously.   A  disposal
evaluation of these  materials would be  advisable.

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                                  SECTION IV

                                    SUMMARY
          The FGD  field evauation project was  initiated in September  1974  at
the TVA Shawnee Steam Plant in Paducah, Kentucky,  for  the  purpose of  assessing
techniques and  field operating procedures  for  the disposal of  nonregenerable
FGD system wastes.  At  the time of  this  report, eight disposal impoundments
(ponds) were  being evaluated.  A  data summary  of the sludge  types  in  the re-
spective ponds  is  shown in Table  1.   Three ponds  contain  sludge that has been
chemically treated, and  the remaining five ponds  contain untreated sludge, two
in open ponds and  three in ponds  equipped with underdrain systems.  The chemi-
cal treatment processes are described in Ref. 1,  and  the  underdrain construc-
tion and operation are  described in  Section VI of this report.

          All ponds  are being monitored  for the quality of  the leachate and
groundwater.  Depending on the configuration of  the pond,  the supernate, run-
off and/or  underdrain  water  are  also being monitored.   In  addition,  sludge
cores  are  evaluated for those ponds  containing  chemically treated  material,
and soil cores  are analyzed from both treated and untreated ponds for compari-
son with virgin soil.   The  significant results and trends  observed to date are
summarized in the  following paragraphs.

A.I       UNTREATED SLUDGE

4.1.1     Leachate and  Underdrain

          The leachates of Ponds A/A1 and  D, as  reported in  Ref. 4, showed a
rapid  increase  in  the  concentration  of  total dissolved solids  (TDS) and dis-
solved  constituents  immediately  after pond filling.   These concentrations In-
creased steadily,  reaching peak values close to  those  In the input liquor of
the respective  ponds.    The peak  concentrations  would have  appeared initially
except  the leachate was diluted by rainwater  that was  in the leachate well and
on the  pond bottom when the project  was initiated.  This is true for all ponds
that  had  leachate wells except for  Pond C,  whose  well was  drained prior  to
initiation  of  monitoring.    Starting in  July  1976,  all  leachate  wells were
evacuated  after each  sampling.    Since  that time  the TDS  has  steadily de-
creased, and  after 3-1/2  years has  leveled  off  in  both ponds at a  concentra-
tion of approximately  2300 mg/i  (Figures  1  and  2).  The chloride has been vir-
tually  depleted in both ponds, leaving calcium sulfate  as the prime dissolved
constituent.   Six selected  minor species are  being  monitored  in both ponds.
The results show that  in Pond A/A1 the concentration of boron, lead, selenium,

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                                    TABLE 1.  SHAWNEE DISPOSAL SITES
00
Site
A
Al
B
C
D
E
F
G
He
Fill
Date
10/8/74
5/10/76
4/15/75
4/23/75
2/5/75
12/7/74
2/3/77
10/5/76
9/2/77
9/30/77
Sc rubbe r
Typea
VST
VST
TCA
VST
TCA
TCA
TCA
VST
VST
VST
Sludge
Absorbent
Lime
Lime
Limestone
Lime
Limestone
Limestone
Limestone
Lime
Limestone
Limestone
Source
F
F
CU
CE
CU
CU
CU
CE
CU
F
Solids0
Content
(wt %)
46
46
38d
55d
38
38d
47
47
33
86
Treatment
Untreated
Untreated
Dravo
IUCS
Untreated
Chemfix
Untreated
Untreated
Untreated
Untreated
Remarks
Out of service 4/15/76
Control pond, transferred
from Pond A
Underwater disposal
Pond converted to runoff
mode 3/79
Control pond
Closed 11/77
Underdrained pond,
closed 11/77
Underdrained pond
Pond
Surface site, unreacted
limestone 13% dry wt
Venturi and spray tower (VST); turbulent contact absorber (TCA).
Filter (F), clarifier underflow (CU), and centrifuge (CE).
Pond H is ash-free. All others: fly ash is approximately 40 wt % of solids content.
Prior to chemical treatment.
Forced-oxidized to gypsum.

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                    AVERAGE INPUT LIQUOR TDS - 8285 mgli
  9000
  8000
  7000
  6000
j-5000
a:
  4000
o
o
  3000
  2000
  1000
     0
                                        I
                                 POND A  POND Al

                     DISCONTINUED 4/15/76  FILLED 5/10/76
           1 I 1 i  j
                                                                        TDS
      JFMAMJJASONDJ FMAMJJASONDJFMAMJJASONUIFMAMJJASONDJ FMAMJJASONDJ


           1974       I     1975      I      1976     I      1977      I      1978
 Figure 1.  Concentration of TDS and major species in Pond A/A1

             leachate

-------
   6000r   AVERAGE INPUT LIQUOR IDS = 5373 mg/1
   3000
   4000
   3000
ae.
o 2000
    1000
                                                                              IDS
         MAMJJASONDJFMAMJJASONDJFMAMJJASONDJFMAMJJASONDJFMAMJJASONDJ
             1974       I     1975       I     1976      I      1977      I      1978
       Figure 2.  Concentration of TDS and major species in Pond D leachate.

-------
and mercury have remained relatively  constant  and  the  concentrations of magne-
sium and  arsenic  declined gradually.   In Fond D,  the  concentrations  of arse-
nic, selenium,  lead,  and mercury  remained constant, with magnesium and boron
decreasing slightly.

          The analyses of underdrain  water from Ponds  F,  G,  and H show a rapid
decrease  in  the concentration of  TDS and dissolved constituents,  as  compared
to ponds  not  equipped with underdrain systems  (Figures 1  and  3 through 5). It
should be noted,  however,  that the addition of  new  material on the surface of
any  pond  will  result  in concentrations  in  the leachate equal  to  the initial
values.   The  six  minor species monitored  in the untreated  sludges  in Ponds F,
G, and H have shown occasional variations.

4.1.2     Runoff
          Runoff  from ash-free  gypsum filter  cake on  Pond H is  being moni-
tored.   As  of mid-1978  (10  months  after pond  filling),  the TDS  concentration
has  remained  between 2500 and  3200 mg/A  (Figure 5) •  However, the total sus-
pended  solids (TSS)  in the  runoff has  shown a  wide  variation,  with values
ranging  between  4  and  309 mg/fc .   This variation is  to  be  expected as the
crust of the  filter  cake material erodes  from weathering and fresh material is
periodically  exposed to rainfall.   A comparison of  typical concentrations of
major and  selected  minor  species   in  the runoff and underdrain  of the Pond H
material  (Table  2)   shows  chloride, TDS,  boron, magnesium,  selenium,  sodium,
and  potassium to  be higher in the  underdrain water, whereas sulfate,  arsenic,
and  lead are  in higher  concentrations  in  the runoff water.

4.1.3     Supernate

          The concentrations of  TDS and major constituents  in  the  supernate of
Ponds Al and  D have exhibited the  characteristic  seasonal variations  expected
as  the  quantity  of  water  increases or decreases  with  rainfall (Figures 6 and
7).   However, over  a 3-1/2-year monitoring  period,  a  gradual decrease in the
maximum  concentration of TDS and dissolved constituents has been observed, and
by  mid-1978  the  maximum TDS  concentration in  the  supernate of both ponds had
dropped  to less than 2000  mg/Jt  .

4.1.4     Groundwater

          There  have been no indications  that the groundwater has  been af-
fected  in  any way by the  untreated sludge  material.   The groundwater associ-
ated with  Pond D consistently  shows a somewhat higher  concentration  of  chlo-
ride and TDS  than  the  groundwater associated with  the  other disposal ponds.
However, since only  the chloride concentration has increased while calcium and
sulfate  have  remained stable, it is assumed that  this  condition is not caused
by  the pond.   Monitoring will be continued on  this situation,  however.
                                       11

-------
   7000
         POND FILLED
         FEB77
   6000
                  INPUT LIQUOR IDS - 6700 mg/i
   50001-
8 4000
   30001
POND RETIRED
NOV77
                                    I
       0369
         MONTHS  AFTER POND FILLING
Figure 3. Concentration of TDS in Pond F underdrain.
                       12

-------
o
0£


LU
O

O
O
    14,000.

    12,000


 ".  10,000 -
POND FILLED
OCT 76
     1,000
                        6       9      12      15
                       MONTHS AFTER POND FILLING
        Figure 4.  Concentration of TDS in Pond G underdrain.
                                 13

-------
10,000
                            UNDERDRAW
POND H DATA:
 . LIMESTONE ABSORBENT
 • FILLED WITH CLARIFIER UNDERFLOW
   ASH-FREE GYPSUM, AUG 77
 . ADDITIONAL FILLING OF GYPSUM
   FILTER CAKE, SEP 77, CONTAINING  12%
   (dry basis) UNREACTED LIMESTONE
 • UNDERDR AIMED POND (underd rain age
   closed after filter  cake deposit)
 • INPUT LIQUOR TDS :
      CLARIFIER UNDERFLOW,  9200 mg/l
      FILTRATE, 10,786  mg/l
                                 6        8        10
                               MONTHS AFTER POND FILLING
         12
14
16
          Figure 5.  Comparison of TDS concentration in the underdrain water
                     and runoff of Pond H.

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TABLE 2.  SUMMARY OF TYPICAL CONCENTRATIONS
           OF MAJOR AND MINOR SPECIES IN POND H
           UNDERDRAIN AND RUNOFF SAMPLED
                   Concentration in mg/jt
Speciesa
Chloride
Sulfate
Calcium
TDS
Arsenic
Boron
Lead
Magnesium
Mercury
Selenium
Sodium
Potassium
Fluoride
TSS
Underdrain
1300
1200
600
3500
0.006
30
0.20
280
0.0012
0.005
60
30
2.0
Not measured
Runoff
7 to 500
1400
600
2200
0.030
0.5 to 27.0
0.30
5 to 160
0.0015
0.0004
3.0
3.0
2.3
4 to 309
aSampled in March 1978, six months after placement of the
  material on the site.

  Results from TVA on duplicate samples in this time
  interval ranged from  130 to 720 mg// total suspended
  solids.
                             15

-------
   6000,-
   5000 -
   4000 -
   3000 -
   POND A
DISCONTINUED
   4/15/76
POND Al
 FILLED
5/10/76
oc

UJ

I 2000
    1000 -
       JFMAMJJASONDJFMAMJJASONDJFMAMJJASONDJFMAMJJASONDJ FMAMJJASONDJ

             1974      I      1975     I      1976      |      1977      I       1978
          Figure 6.  Concentration of TDS and major species in Pond A/Al  supernate.

-------
    6000
    5000 ~
   4000
g 2000
   3000 -
   1000 -
                                                                                IDS
       J FMAMJ J AS 0 NO J FMAMJ J ASOND J FMAMJJASONO JFMAMJJASOND J FMAMJJ ASONOJ
              1974      I      1975      I      1976      I      1977      I      1978
        Figure 7.  Concentration of TDS and major species in Pond D supernate.

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 A.1.5     Physical Characteristics

           The  physical  characteristics  considered  in the  disposal  of  FGD
 sludges are bulk density, water retention, bearing  strength, porosity,  permea-
 bility, and viscosity.  Laboratory tests for all of  these  parameters have  been
 conducted on  Shawnee  sludges and  are discussed in  Section 8.1.5 of this  re-
 port.  In addition,  field measurements have been made on bearing  capacities of
 untreated  sludges  in  ponds  containing  underdrain  systems;  the  results  are
 shown in Table 3.  The results for treated sludges are  shown also  for compari-
 son  purposes.  These  tests  were all  made with a field  penetrometer (Soiltest,
 Inc., Model CN988), which  measures bearing capacities  between  10 and  450 psi
 (the  field penetrometer  measures  the  ultimate  bearing capacity  which  is  the
 maximum load  per unit area that can  be reacted by  the material).  The  load-
 bearing strength of untreated sludges in undrained  ponds  has  been too low  to
 obtain  accurate  measurements,  although  occasionally  Pond Al   will   support
 personnel if  the  surface is free  of  supernate.   The highest bearing capacity
 measured to date on untreated sludges,  i.e.,  330 psi or greater,  was obtained
 on  gypsum clarifier underflow in an  underdrained pond.   Lime  sludge,  under-
 drained,  has  shown  bearing  capacities  in  the  range of   100 to  240 psi,  and
 underdrained  limestone sludges somewhat lower, in the range of 50  to 75 psi.

          Laboratory  tests  on load-bearing  strength as  a  function of moisture
 and fly-ash content have  been conducted on sludges from various sources in  ad-
 dition to Shawnee; the results  are shown in  Figure 8,  and the test procedure
 is  given in  Appendix B.    All sludges  have a  critical solids  content above
 which the strength increases  rapidly  and below  which it decreases rapidly,  as
 shown in  the  figure.   After dewatering, the reason for preventing  rewetting  is
 obvious since only a  few percentage  points change  results in  a large loss  of
 strength.

 4.2 .     CHEMICALLY TREATED SLUDGE

 4.2.1     Leachate

          The  leachates from  the  ponds  containing  chemically  treated  sludge
 have  consistently exhibited a. maximum  TDS concentration of approximately half
 that  of the  input  liquor  to  the respective  ponds.   In addition,  three years
 after  pond  filling, the TDS  concentrations  in  all three  ponds containing chem-
 ically  treated sludges have  settled  at a  value of approximately 3000 mg/A
 (Figures  9  through 11).

 4.2.2     Supernate

          The  concentration of TDS and major constituents  in  the supernate of
 the chemically treated sludges has  shown the characteristic fluctuations re-
 sulting from varying weather conditions (Figures 12  through 14).   In all three
ponds,  the  chloride has been virtually depleted  within  1-1/2  to  2 years after
pond  filling.   The peak TDS concentrations have typically been  approximately
one-half  that of  the input  liquor to  the  respective  ponds.
                                       18

-------
      TABLE 3.  SLUDGE ULTIMATE BEARING CAPACITY
Pond and
Absorbent
Pond B,b(C
Lime
Pond C,
Limestone
Pond E,
Limestone
Pond F,
Limestone
Pond G,
Lime
Pond H,d
Gypsum
Soil (Shawnee,
Clay)
. a
Bearing Capacity, psi
Distance Below Sludge Surface
1-2 in.
10-15
150-330
75-300
50-75
100-150
330
60-100
2-4 in.
150
240-300
90-300
60-75
100-150
330
120
4-6 in.
150-300
330
300-330
60-75
180-240
>330
240-300
 Data taken in August 1977 within 24 hr following a 3. 3-in. rainfall.
 Pond B covered by 4 in.  of water.
'Chemically treated.
 Tests for  Pond H made on settled and drained clarifier underflow.
                                  19

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N»
o
                                                                                 SHAWNEE, 6% FLY ASH - 9/8/76
                                                                                 SHAWNEE, 40% FLY ASH - 9/8/76
                                                                                 SCHOLZ,  WITHOUT FLY ASH - 6/20/76
                                                                                 SCHOLZ,  30% FLY ASH - 6/27/76
                                                                                 PADDY'S  RUN. 12% FLY ASH -
                                                                                 PHILLIPS, 60% FLY ASH  - 6/17/74
                                                                                 CHOLLA,  59% FLY ASH -  4/1/74
                                                                                 GADS BY,  9% FLY ASH -8/9/74
                                                                                 SHAWNEE, WITHOUT FLY  ASH  - 11/30/76
                                                                                 SHAWNEE, 40% FLY ASH - 11/30/76
                                                                                 RTP GYPSUM*, WITHOUT FLY  ASH - 12/4/75
                                                                                 RTP GYP SUM*, 40% FLY ASH  - 9/30/75
ABSORBENT

 L - LIME
DA -  DOUBLE ALKALI
CL - CARBIDE  LIME
LS -  LIMESTONE
 * - CONTAINS 5%
    SULFITE
                                                    60                70
                                                  SOLIDS CONTENT, weight %
            90
                      Figure 8.  Load-bearing strength as a function of moisture,  fly ash  content,
                                 and sludge origin.

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                    60001-
                                        INPUT LIQUOR IDS BEFORE TREATMENT - 5685 mg/l
K>
                                                                                             TDS
                       	                      J
                       JFMAMJJASONDJFMAMJJASONDJFMAMJJASONDJFMAMJJASONDJFMAMJJASONDJ
                             1974      I      1975      I      1976     I       1977      I      1978
                      Figure 9.  Concentration of TDS and major species in Pond B leachate.

-------
                  6000,-
                   5000 -
               ^ 4000 -
                          AVERAGE INPUT LIQUOR IDS  BEFORE TREATMENT - 9530 mg It
K>
ts>
8
                       O^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^l
                       ICUAUIiAcnuniCUA
                                                                                          IDS
                      'J F MAMJ J AS 0 N D J FMA

                            1974       I     1975
                                                                       AMJ
1976
                                                          1977
  J AS ON DJ

1978
                    Figure 10.  Concentration of TDS and major species in Pond C leachate.

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    6000
    3000
^i 4000
2
O

g

1
LU
O
O
O
   3000
   2000
   1000
                          AVERAGE  INPUT LIQUOR IDS
                          BEFORE TREATMENT • 6245 mg//
v
O
                                                                POND RETIRED
                                                                11/11/77
                                                                              TDS
                                                                              Cl
                                                                              SO.
                                                                              Ca
                                                                              Na
        i i  i
                 i  i i i
       JFMAMJJ ASONDJFMAMJJASONDJFMAMJJASONOJFMAMJJ ASONDJFMAMJJASONOJ
             1974      I      1975      I       1976      I       1977      I       1978
      Figure 11.  Concentration of TDS and major species in Pond E leachate.

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                     6000 r-
                     5000
                 ~L  4000
                 z
                 o
                 OS
NJ

*-
                     3000
                     2000
                     1000
                             i i
                         JFMAMJJASONDJFMAMJJASONDJFMAMJJASONOJ FMAMJJASONDJ FMAMJJASONDJ


                               1974       |      1975      I       1976      I       1977      I      1978
                    Figure 12.  Concentration of TDS and major species in Pond B supernate.

-------
                  Of.
to
Ln
                      6000r-
                      3000
                      4000
                      3000
                      2000
                      1000
                        'J F MAMJ J ASONDJ FMAMJJ ASONDJ FMAMJJASONDJFMAMJJASONDJ FMAMJJASONOJ

                                1974      I      1975      I      1976       I     1977      I      1978
                      Figure 13.   Concentration of TDS and major species in Pond C supernate.

-------
N>
                    60001-
                     5000
                 ^ 4000
                     3000
o 2000
                     1000
                         J F MAMJ J AS OND

                               1974
                        FMAMJJ AS OND.
                             1975
                                 i  i i i  i i i i  i i
FMAMJJASONDJFMAMJJASONDJ FMAMJJ  ASONDJ
     1976      |      1977       |       1978
                       Figure 14.  Concentration of TDS and major species in Pond E supernate.

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A.2.3     Groundwater

          The  results  of analyses  of  groundwater associated with  these ponds
containing treated sludge show no effect  from the pond materials.   The concen-
trations  of  TDS and major  constituents  in the groundwater  have been essenti-
ally constant  throughout  the  entire monitoring period.   Likewise,  the concen-
trations  of  six selected minor species have  also  shown no unusual trends.

4.2.A     Physical Characteristics

          Tests were conducted on core samples obtained two years after chemi-
cal treatment  (March  and  September  1977) to  determine the permeability, mois-
ture content,  wet and dry density,  and unconfined compressive strength of core
samples  obtained  from Ponds  B,  C,  and E.   Typical  permeability  coefficients
ranged from  3.7 * 10"^ cm/sec for Pond B, to 2.9  x 10"-* cm/sec for Pond C, and
5.6 x 10""*  for Pond E.   These  values were  in the  range of  results obtained
previously   for  these ponds, thereby  indicating  no  apparent  time-dependent
trends in the  permeability  coefficient.

          Typical moisture  content values  for the cored materials from  these
ponds were 56% for Pond B,  37% for  Pond  C,  and 50% for Pond E.

          Bulk densities  in the  as-sampled wet condition  for Ponds B, C,  and  E
are  approximately 1.37,  1.52,  and  1.37  g/cc,  respectively.   For  Ponds B, C,
and E, dry bulk densities are approximately 0.63, 0.9A,  and 0.68 g/cc,  respec-
tively.

          The  tests  for  ultimate  bearing  capacity of  the chemically  treated
materials resulted  in values  of  approximately 300 psl.

4.3       SOIL

          Two  years after  project  initiation,  soil core  samples were obtained
below the sludge  layer  in Ponds  D,  C,  and E and  in a  nearby location in virgin
soil,  to determine,  through chemical  analysis, which  chemical  constituents
were  retained  in the soil.   Samples were taken using  Shelby tubes in all four
locations at depths equivalent  to 1,  3,  and  9 in. below  the sludge layer.  Us-
ing  a  coefficient of permeability  of  5  x 10"^ cm/sec for the soil,  it  is rea-
sonable   to  assume  that  the  soil was saturated  through  the  first  foot  below
each  pond.   The results  show a  buildup  of sulfate, chloride, and  calcium by  a
factor  of 3 over the background concentrations,  mercury  by a factor of 2,  and
arsenic  by  a  factor  of  1.5.  Although  iron and  lead are known to be retained
in  soil, the contribution from  the leachate  could not be determined  because of
the high concentrations of these elements in the soil itself.   The sensitivity
of  the  test equipment  was  such that  no  data could be obtained for  cadmium or
seleniuu.   The conclusion  reached from  these tests  is  that there is some re-
tention  of  some of the sludge constituents In the soil,  tending to  reduce the
concentrations of  these constituents in  the seepage.   The  data  from these
tests,  however, were not sufficient  to  predict  the  net  impact on  the  quality
of  the groundwater from the  seepage.


                                       27

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4.4        COSTS

           Engineering  cost estimates  were prepared for  six  disposal options,
i.e.,  ponded untreated  waste on  an indigenous  soil  liner;   ponded  untreated
waste on a Hypalon  liner;  untreated waste in an underdrained  pond; forced oxi-
dation  (gypsum)  waste  on indigenous soil; gypsum  on Hypalon  liner;  and ponded
chemically treated  waste on indigenous soil.  In both  gypsum  cases,  a 15% sol-
ids  slurry is pumped to the  disposal site.  The  estimates were  based on mid-
1980 costs.   The detailed  conditions and  results  are  contained in Section IX.
A  summary  of the cost  estimates for  these  five disposal options is  shown in
Table 4.
                                      28

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                            TABLE 4.  COST COMPARISON OF VARIOUS DISPOSAL METHODS
N>
VO
Disposal Method

Untreated, Indigenous Soil
Untreated, Hypalon 30 Liner
Untreated, Underdrained
Gypsum, Indigenous Liner
Gypsum, Hypalon 30 Liner
Chemically Treated
$/Ton (dry)

5.88
12.54
9.42
10.22
15.06
11.83
Mills /kWH

0.66
1.42
1.06
1. 18
1.74
1.24
$/Ton Coal

1.77
3.78
2.84
3.14
4.63
3.60

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                                   SECTION V

                          ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT
          This project is managed by the EPA  Industrial  Environmental  Research
Laboratory, Research Triangle  Park,  North  Carolina.  The functional relation-
ships  of  the organizations   participating  in the project  are shown in  Fig-
ure 15.

          The Aerospace  Corporation is  responsible  for project planning  and
coordination, preparation of project test plans,  laboratory  analyses of  ponded
test  plans,  laboratory analyses  of ponded  waste materials  and pond waters,
preparation  of  engineering  cost  estimates  for  the  disposal processes  being
evaluated,  assessment  of  all  analytical  results,  and  reporting  of project
activities and analytical results.

          The Tennessee  Valley  Authority (TVA)  is  responsible for  all  con-
struction, filling of untreated ponds, supplying  sludges to  chemical  treatment
processors at the site,  site maintenance,  sampling and  analyses,  sample dis-
tribution, climatological and hydraulic data  collection, photographic  documen-
tation (still and motion  picture),  and contracting with sludge treatment pro-
cessors.   TVA  also provides  analytical  data,  climatological and  hydraulic
data,  and  photographic  documentation to The  Aerospace  Corporation  for assess-
ment and inclusion in formal reporting to EPA.

          The processors who have chemically  treated  sludges now under evalua-
tion are  Chemflx, Inc.,  and Dravo  Corporation, Pittsburgh,  and  IU Conversion
Systems, Inc., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

          The Bechtel  Corporation  provides scrubber  test data  relative  to the
sludges used in the disposal evaluation.
                                       31

-------
    TVA SHAWNEE
  PROJECT OFFICER
          EPA
        SHAWNEE
    PROJECT OFFICER
       BECHTEL
       SHAWNEE
   PROJECT MANAGER
THE AEROSPACE CORP.
Plans, Program Coordin-
    ation, Analyses,
  Evaluation, Reports
          EPA
       FGD WASTE
    DISPOSAL PROGRAM
    PROJECT OFFICER
       BECHTEL
   ONSITE (Scrubber)
TEST PROGRAM DIRECTOR
        TVA
     DIVISION OF
  POWER PRODUCTION
         TVA
CORE SAMPLING,  CORE
 AND WATER ANALYSES
     DIRECT SUPPORT

—— COORDINATION ONLY
          TVA

 Construction, Maintenance,
     Sampling, Analysis

ASST. TVA PROJECT OFFICER
          TVA
 SHAWNEE TEST FACILITY
      SUPERVISOR,
    WATER SAMPLING,
   SITE COORDINATION,
POND CONSTRUCTION, TEST
EQUIPMENT INSTALLATION,
 AND SITE MAINTENANCE
                                                          CHEMFIX
   L
DRAVO
IUCS
                Figure 15.   EPA Shawnee FGD waste disposal field demonstration
                             functional organization.

-------
                                  SECTION VI

                         SITE AND FACILITY DESCRIPTION
6.1       GENERAL

          The FGD waste disposal evaluation  site is  located on TVA property at
the TVA Shawnee  Steam  Plant  near Paducah, Kentucky.   The  Shawnee plant has 10
generating units with  a  total capacity of 1,750,000 kW  of  electric power.  At
its typical  level  of operation, Shawnee  consumes 4,500,000 ton/yr  of  bitumi-
nous coal from western Kentucky  and  Illinois (Ref.  6).  This coal has an aver-
age sulfur content of approximately  3.5%.

6.2       TEST FACILITIES

          The  FGD  wastes being  evaluated on  this  project were  obtained from
two prototype  wet lime/limestone  scrubbers  operating in  parallel  on  Shawnee
boiler  No. 10,  each  capable  of  treating   approximately  30,000  ft3/min (at
300°F) of  flue gas  (Ref.  7).  Gas that is ash-free,  or containing ash, may be
fed to either scrubber.  The two scrubbers,  each of which treats an equivalent
of  10  MW  of boiler  capacity, produce  an effluent slurry  containing sulfite,
sulfate, chloride,  calcium,  and trace  elements.  The effluent is pumped to a
thickener area from  which  sludge can be  removed from  a clarifier, centrifuge,
or  filter  for placement in  one of  the disposal areas.  Both treated  and un-
treated sludges  are  being analyzed in the evaluation program.

6.3       PONDS

          The disposal areas are Identified  as Ponds Al, B, C, D, E, F, G, and
H and are  shown  in relation  to the power  plant in Figure 16.  These ponds have
been constructed in  accordance with  the dimensions shown in Table 5.

          All berras  are  contoured  to drain away from the ponds.  No other rain
drainage is  provided,  and no compaction of  the pond  sides or bottom was per-
formed other  than  that resulting from  the operation  of earth moving equipment
incidental  to  constructing  the ponds.  The  bottom surfaces are generally  in a
horizontal  plane,  and the  side walls  are protected  from  erosion through the
use of limestone rock.

           Leachate  wells have been  constructed in Ponds Al,  B,  C, D, and E;
and Ponds  F, G,  and  H  are  constructed with underdrain systems.  The configura-
tion  of  the leachate  wells  and underdrain  systems  is described later in this


                                       33

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NOTE:

   GROUND WATER
   WELLS GWA1,
   GWF1, GWG1,
   AND GWA1 ARE
   LOCATED 8*  FROM
   THE TOP OF BEAM
   AT THE NW CORNER
   OF THEIR RESPECTIVE
   PONDS
                                                                       SCALE: feet
                                 LEGEND:
                                 O DENOTES GROUNDWATER WELLS (GW)
                                 • DENOTES LEACHATE WELLS (LW)
                                 D DENOTES UNDERDRAIN (UD)
                      Figure 16.  Disposal site and well nomenclature

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         TABLE 5.  SHAWNEE POND DIMENSIONS
Pond
Al
B, E
C
D
F
G, H
Length, fta
10
140
133
147
40
40
Width, fta
10
38
38
40
40
40
Side Slope
2:1
2:1
2:1
2:1
2:1
2:1
Sludge
Depth, ft
3
3
3
3
4
4
Length and width dimensions are to the top of the berm.
                            35

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 section.   Access to  the  leachate well  In Pond Al has  been provided  by  con-
 structing  a  walkway  across  the  berms  adjacent  to  the  well.    For each  of
 Ponds B, C,  D,  and E,  a  wooden  pier  has been  constructed  at one end  of  the
 pond to  serve  as a support for  the  leachate well and  to provide a  sampling
 station for obtaining  leachate  well  water.  For Ponds F,  G,  and  H,  access  has
 been provided to  the  underdrain  collection  tank and  pump, for inspection  and
 maintenance purposes,  through the use  of metal  steps  placed in  the  concrete
 liner of the  collection pit.

 6.3.1     Leachate Well Construction

           Leachate wells have been constructed on  the flat bottom of  Ponds  Al,
 B,  C, D, and E.   The  purpose of  these  wells  is  to provide water  samples  that
 can be analyzed  to  determine the quality  of  the water that  seeps through  the
 sludge  (either  untreated or treated)  and enters  the soil.  These  wells  provide
 samples  except  during  periods of extreme drought or subfreezing weather.

           The wells  have been built with A-in.-diam plastic pipes  implanted  as
 shown in Figure 17.   This  configuration is arranged to prevent solid material
 from blocking the entrance  to the pipe^   The pipe extends approximately 5  ft
 above the base of  the  pond.  It  is anchored  to  the pier (except  for Pond  Al)
 and  is covered  with  a  force-fit  plastic cap to prevent entry  of foreign  matter
 (including  rainwater)   into  the  well.   The installation  is  such  that  surface
 water cannot  freely flow between  the  sludge  and  the pipe or  through  the upper
 end.   A  layer of diatomaceous earth  is  used  to  filter suspended  solids  in  the
 leachate.

 6.3.2    Underdrain Construction

          Underdrain systems have been  constructed on the bottoms of Ponds  F
 G,  and H.   The  purpose of  these  systems is to remove water which  seeps  to  the
 pond  bottom,  thereby   enhancing  sludge  drainage,  which  improves structural
 properties.   Samples of  water collected  from the  underdrain system are ana-
 lyzed for environmental quality.

          The underdrain systems  are constructed with 4-in.-diam  plastic pipe
 implanted in the  pond  bottom,  as  shown in Figure  18.  The collection pipes are
 drilled  on  their  top halves with  1/8-in.  holes  on 2-in.  centers and have been
 covered with pea  gravel.  There  is a  1-ft layer of sand on top of  the pea gra-
 vel;  this  improves the dewatering of  the  sludge,  and  filters out particulate
matter.   The  collection pipes are connected   to  a.  single  gravity-drained pipe
which  flows to  a  100-gal  plastic tank.   Water  is  pumped  from the collection
 tank  to the surface  by  a float-operated  pump.   The water  pumped from each pond
 is metered  so  that  the  quantity  of water  drained  can  be  directly compared  to
 the rainfall measured at the  side.

 6.3.3     Groundwater Well  Construction

          A groundwater well  has  been  constructed approximately  100  ft from
 each  pond in  the  groundwater  upstream  direction  for background  water quality


                                      36

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                 >SMMP?

                               QUARTZITE
                                 ROCK
                               AND SAND
                               DIATOMA-
                               CEOUS
                               EARTH
                               QUARTZITE
                                 ROCK
                               AND SAND
Figure 17. Leachate collection well.
            37

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                        GYPSUM FILTER
                        CAKE-POND H ONLY
                              NOTE: Pump
                              and collection
                              tank pit to be
                              weather and
                              personnel
                              protected
                                    r-FLOW METER
                                                            —TO
                                                            	DRAIN
                              12!ft  ~M-ln. PVC LINE
                               GRAVITY DRAIN,
                               18-in. DROP IN GRADE
                               MANUAL VALVE
                            SIDE VIEW
                             s,
                                                            FLOAT-
                                      /rl-LUAl-
                                     / CONTROLLED
                                    * 'PUMP
         8 in.
     -PEA GRAVEL
                4-in. PVC,  1/8-in. HOLES
                DRILLED IN TOP HALF
                ON 2-in. CENTERS, BOTH
                DIRECTIONS
-SECTION
.DETAIL (NTS)
4-in.  PVC SUBDRAIN, SLOPED
TO PROVIDE GRAVITY DRAIN
                                                    PIT FOR LEACHATE
                                                    COLLECTION TANK
                                                     COLLECTION
                                                     TANK
                                                     4-In. PVC PIPE,
                                                     HOLE IN BERM
                                                     SEALED WITH
                                                     PIPE COLLAR,
                                                     AND TAMPED
                                                     CLAY
                           PLAN VIEW
Figure 18.  Underdrain system installed in Ponds F,  G, and H.
                                38

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measurements.   The wells  are constructed  of  either 4-  or  6-in.-diam plastic
pipe, anchored  in  concrete,  packed with clay  to  prevent  seepage down the well
shaft, and installed  to  extend  from 3 to 5 ft  below the water table.  The pipe
is covered with a  force-fit  plastic cover.

          Groundwater wells  have been constructed  on  the berms  of Ponds B, C,
D,  and  E to  measure  the  quality  of groundwater  at  those  locations.   These
wells  are  located  downstream   from the  pond relative   to  the  direction of
groundwater flow.   Newly constructed Ponds F,  G,  and H do not have groundwater
wells installed on the pond berms.   On  the basis of experience with  the other
ponds, a  single well installed in  the downstream direction should be adequate
to monitor these ponds.

6.4       WEATHER  DATA STATION

          A  data-taking  station,   containing  both  recording and nonrecording
instrumentation,  has  been  installed for  the  purpose of determining weather
conditions  at the  site  that may affect the disposal evaluations.   Initially,
this  station  was  located in the vicinity  of  the  original site  of Pond A;  how-
ever,  since  February 1975,  it has  been  located  in the vicinity  of Pond D,
which is  somewhat  central  to the total site evaluation area.

          Measurements made at  this  station include the  following:

          a.   Air  and water temperature

          b.   Precipitation

          c.   Evaporation

          d.   Wind movement

          e.   Relative humidity
                                       39

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                                  SECTION VII

                           OPERATIONS AND SCHEDULES
          The  first  five  disposal ponds  (A  through  E)  were  constructed  in
1974,  and  disposal  evaluation  activities  began  when  the  first  of  these,
Pond A, was  filled  between September 24 and  October 3, 1974.  The  filling of
four additional ponds (B through E) was completed  by mid-April  1975.  The con-
struction  of Ponds F,  G,  and H  was completed  in  September 1976, and  these
ponds were subsequently  filled during the  following 12 months,  i.e.,  G in Oc-
tober 1976, F in February  1977, and H in September 1977.   The source materials
and other characteristics  for all  of  the ponds are summarized in  Table 6.  De-
tailed descriptions  of  the filling of  Ponds  A through E, Al, and G have been
published in other reports (Refs.  1  and 2).  Ponds  F  and H were  filled during
this reporting period (i.e., between  October  1976  and  May 1978);  a description
of those operations follows.

7.1       POND FILLING AND CHEMICAL TREATMENT

          The  two  ponds filled during  this reporting  period represent a con-
tinuing investigation  of a cross  section  of  FGD  waste  disposal  materials and
methods.   Materials  ponded previously include untreated lime  and limestone
wastes in  indigenous  clay  ponds;  lime and  limestone wastes  chemically treated
and evaluated under conditions representing either a low spot in a landfill or
disposal behind a dam; and untreated, dewatered  ash-free lime waste mixed with
fly ash and  placed in an underdrained pond in alternate layers with additional
fly  ash.   Bench  tests  in the  Aerospace  laboratories on Shawnee  wastes have
continued  to show  that  untreated  sludges,  when  underdrained, exhibit much im-
proved load-bearing  strengths  (when  measured by the modified California bear-
ing  ratio  test described  in Appendix B).   Inasmuch  as  the  underdraining re-
moves or minimizes the  hydraulic head of  the  ponded leachate, thereby reducing
its  pollution  potential as well as improving  its  structural properties, there
has been a continuing interest in  obtaining additional field data on this dis-
posal method.  Since  the first underdrained pond used lime waste (Pond G), the
fill material  for Pond  F  was  selected from  a limestone  test  run.   Likewise,
there has  been increasing  interest in oxidized sulfite (gypsum) scrubbing pro-
cesses and,  thus,  an interest in  evaluating  the pollution potential of  gypsum
waste.   The fill  material -for Pond  H,  therefore,  was  selected  from a  gypsum
ash-free  test  run,  and both  clarifier underflow and filter cake  were used.
The  material was  placed in an underdrained  pond to  permit  the evaluation of
underdrained gypsum  clarifier  underflow  and field storage of  gypsum  filter
cake using the same  disposal pond.


                                      41

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                                       TABLE 6.  SHAWNEE DISPOSAL SITES
N>
Site
A
Al
B
C
D
E
F
G
He
Fill
Date
10/8/74
5/10/76
4/15/75
4/Z3/75
2/5/75
12/7/74
2/3/77
10/5/76
9/2/77
9/30/77
Scrubber
Typea
VST
VST
TCA
VST
TCA
TCA
TCA
VST
VST
VST
Sludge
Absorbent
Lime
Lime
Limestone
Lime
Limestone
Limestone
Limestone
Lime
Limestone
Limestone
Source
F
F
CU
CE
CU
CU
CU
CE
CU
F
Solidsc
Content
(wt %)
46
46
38d
55d
38
38d
47
47
33
86
Treatment
Untreated
Untreated
Dravo
IUCS
Untreated
Chemfix
Untreated
Untreated
Untreated
Untreated
Remarks
Out of service 4/15/76
Control pond, transferred
from Pond A
Underwater disposal
Pond converted to runoff
mode 3/79
Control pond
Closed 11/77
Underdrained pond,
closed 11/77
Underdrained pond
Pond
Surface site, unreacted
limestone 13% dry wt
Venturi and spray tower (VST); turbulent contact absorber (TCA) .
Filter (F), clarifier underflow (CU), and centrifuge (CE).
Pond H is ash-free. All others: fly ash is approximately 40 wt % of solids content.
Prior to chemical treatment.
Forced-oxidized to gypsum.

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7.1.1     Pond F

          Pond F  was filled  during  the  period of  January 28  to  February 3,
1977  with ash-free  limestone sludge  remixed with  fly ash.   The  sludge  was
obtained  from the  Universal  Oil  Products  turbulent  contact  absorber  (TCA)
scrubber  during  an  ash-free scrubbing  run,  using  limestone as  the absorbent.
Ash-free  sludge  was obtained from  the TCA clarifier tank  (D  202)  at a solids
content of  approximately 37 wt% and  pumped  directly to a  concrete mix truck.
The  trucks  were  loaded  at a rate of  5  gpm from the clarifier.  Fly ash,  mixed
in a ratio of 2:1  [mechanically collected and  electrostatically precipitated
(ESP)], was added manually from 55-gal drums by means of  a crane and a scaf-
fold in a quantity  equivalent to 40%  of the  total  solids  in the sludge.  Three
concrete  trucks were used,  having capacities of 7-1/2,  8,  and 10 yd .  To fill
the  pond,  a total of 147  yd3 of clarifier  underflow was  used  and a total of
38.4 yd3  of  fly  ash.    The entire  filling  operation  was   carried out during
weather which was  unusually  cold  for the  Shawnee site.    Although overnight
temperatures  dropped  to  lows  of  -10°F, the  sludge  did   not  freeze  in the
concrete  mix  trucks.  The  mixer drums were kept rotating  at  all times.   (The
filling operation using  concrete mix  trucks  was  carried  out  in spite of the
cold  weather  and was not part  of  the disposal evaluation;  in an  operational
situation the sludge would be  pumped  underground to  the  disposal site.) The
pond underdrain  system  functioned all during the filling operation  even though
the  sludge became  frozen each  night.   The  underdrain pump is protected from
the  weather since it is located at  the bottom of  the collection silo, and the
discharge hose is  insulated  and protected  with a  heat-trace system.  During
the  filling operation  samples were obtained  of clarifier  underflow and sludge
mix  as delivered to the pond from each  truck.  Samples  were also  obtained of
pond underdrain  water  before and  after filling,  and two  additional samples
were taken during the  filling operation.  The sludge and underdrain water were
analyzed  for  chemical characterization, and  the sludge was  analyzed for solids
content  (Section VIII).   The pond underdrain water will  be  sampled and ana-
lyzed  bimonthly,  similar to the leachate from the other ponds.

7.1.2      Pond H

           Pond H was filled  during the  period of  August  18  through  September
30,   1977  with  ash-free  oxidized   sulfite   limestone  sludge   (gypsum).   The
filling  and testing of  the pond was  accomplished  in three stages.   The  first
task was  to fill the pond to a depth of 4 ft with gypsum sludge in the form of
clarifier underflow.  The second task was to test  the  settling  characteristics
and  load-bearing capacity  of  this  same material.   The third task  was to con-
struct a  10-ft  pile of ash-free gypsum sludge in  the form of filter cake  in
order to  assess  settling and weathering characteristics,   load-bearing capac-
ity, and  the environmental quality of  the runoff.

Phase I;   Filling with Clarifier Underflow

           Ash-free oxidized sulfite sludge was  obtained from  the venturi  spray
 tower clarifier  at an  average solids  content of  33  wt%  and  pumped directly
 into a concrete  mix truck.  The trucks were  loaded  at  a rate  of 5 gpm from the


                                       43

-------
 clarifier.    Two concrete  trucks  were used,  each having  an 8-yd   capacity.
 Both trucks  were  filled overnight and dumped  in the morning;  one  truck  was
 filled  during the day and  pumped  in the afternoon.  The mixer drums  were kept
 rotating  at all times.   The pond  underdrain system functioned all during  the
 filling operation.   A total of  43 truckloads was  delivered  to  the  pond.  The
 slurry  settled  to  an  average height  of  approximately  3 ft, 11  in.,  with  a
 surface  area of  36 x 36  ft  representing   a  total  volume  of  approximately
 84  yd3.

 Phase II;   Sampling  and Testing

          During the  filling operation,  samples  of  the  clarifier  underflow
 sludge  were  obtained  from  each  truck  as  it  was  being dumped into the pond.
 Daily samples of the  underdrain  water were  also  obtained  throughout the time
 of  filling.   The sludge and underdrain water have been analyzed (see  paragraph
 on  Water  Analysis Data on page  46) for chemical characterization along with
 the  solids  content of  the sludge.

          After  the  pond was filled on  September 2,  1977,  settling data  and
 ultimate  bearing capacity tests were made.   These tests involved measuring  the
 moisture  content and  making penetrometer  readings on  selected  parts  of  the
 surface.   All bearing  capacity measurements were made with a Soiltest, Inc.
 Model CN-988, penetrometer using  a No. 1  probe having a  cross-sectional area
 of 0.33 in  .  The data  taken  during this  phase are summarized in Table 7.   For
 comparison  purposes, bearing capacity data  taken at  other  ponds  during  the
 same period are shown  in Table 3.   On September 21,  1977  the surface  of  the
 settled clarifier underflow  was  also  subjected  to a  wheeled vehicle test
 i.e.,  a  farm  tractor  weighing   4000  Ib.     Two  thirds  of  the   surface   was
 sufficiently  dewatered  to support the tractor, but the tractor became mired in
 the  section that hadn't had sufficient  time to drain (this  was the area over a
 sloped  sidewall, which  was  not  equipped with underdrainage).

 Phase III:  Placement of  Gypsum Filter  Cake

          Ash-free gypsum  filter  cake, obtained  from  the  same scrubber  run,
was  collected and transported  by dump truck to  the pond.   This  effort began
 September 19  and progressed through  September 28, 1977.   The filter  cake was
 generated at  a rate of  1  yd /hr.   The material was loaded into a dump truck bv
a conveyor  belt.  During the  daytime,  a truck with maximum capacity of 8 yd*
was used.   A  larger truck,  of 35-yd^ capacity, was used for the overnight run.
The material was transported  and  dumped, as  the trucks  became full, on a hold-
 ing  pad in the  pond  area.   When  sufficient  material was accumulated,  it was
 loaded  onto the  pond by a  crane  with a clam shell bucket.   The  pond loading
with the crane was done Wednesday  afternoon,  Friday afternoon, Sunday morning
and Wednesday morning,  September  21 through  September 28,  1977.   The pond and
 the  staging pile were  kept covered  at  all  times,  and  the truck  loading  was
 suspended during a rainfall.   The  filter  cake was dropped  into the center  of
 the  pond  and  built  up into a natural pile  until  the peak reached  a height  of
approximately  10 ft  above  the  settled clarifier underflow.   Approximately
 122 yd-5 of material was used.  The  final effort involved  grading  the perimeter


                                      44

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                                  TABLE 7.  SETTLING  AND  PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF POND H
                                                  CLARIFIER UNDERFLOW  (GYPSUM)

Date


9-6-77
9-7-77
9-12-77
9-13-77
9-14-77
9-28-77

Time


1300
0930
0900
0830
0715
1100
Settling Data
Surface
Level
ft, in.
3' 8"
3' 8"
3' 7.5"
3' 7. 5"
3' 7.5"
--
Water
Meter
gal.
44,720
44,720C
44. 724C
44, 726
44,973
--
Physical Characteristics
Solids Content*

Station
1
3
11



%
75.2
75.6
75. 10



Station
2
7
12



%
77.6
76.2
82.6

Raini

Station
5
8
15
Wide de
%
74.8
79. 1
73.3
ep cra<
Bearing Capacity

Station
1
3
11
ks.
ng and wet. No tests.


3
psi
240
135
180


330
Station
2
7
12



psi
156
180
135



Station
5
8
15



pel
165
240
30



•Jt
Analyses made on samples removed from the surface
of the settled clarifier underflow at the stations
indicated opposite:

All bearing strength tests made with Soiltest, Inc. , Model
CN-988 penetrometer using No. 1 needle.  Penetrometer
probe was allowed to penetrate the surface material to a
depth of 1 in. Rain totalling 0. 7 in.  occurred front 8/29 -
8/30/77,  and 0.76 in. occurred on 9/27/77.

Underdrain samples taken for water analysis.
                                                                                                 nderdrain
13
9
5
1
14
10
6
2
15
11
7
3
16
12
8
4

Pond
^^•—""Perimeter

                                                                              Sample Station Location

-------
 of the base of the filter cake  so  that  the  runoff  from the pile would be chan-
 neled Into  the northeast corner  and collected  In a  5-gal  plastic  container.
 The container  has a  4-ln.  pipe mounted  on the side  to carry  off  the  excess
 runoff.   A sketch of Pond H is  given  in Figure  18.

 Water Analysis Data

           During  the  three filling  phases  of  Pond H,  samples  were taken  of
 input  liquor and underdrain water.  The results of  the  analyses of  these  sam-
 ples are discussed in Section VIII.

 7.2       SCHEDULES

           A series of schedules are  regularly maintained for  the  project,  in-
 cluding  an overall  schedule and  individual schedules for  each pond.  A  com-
 plete  set of  these schedules is contained in Reference 8.

 7.3       SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS

           An  essential  part of the  evaluation project  is  the sampling  and
 analysis  of  input waste materials, pond waters,  groundwaters, and soil  in  the
 pond  bottoms.   The supernate,  leachate  or underdrain,  and groundwaters  are
 sampled  and analyzed  bimonthly for  calcium, sulfate, sulfite,  chloride,  and
 TDS as well as pH  and selected trace elements  (see Appendix A).  The ground-
 water  is  sampled  from two locations  for each pond, i.e., from a well near  the
 berm  on  the groundwater  "downstream" side  of  the pond  and  from a point  "up-
 stream"  of the pond at a  distance approximately  100 ft  away.  Once each year
 the leachate or underdrain is  analyzed for a full chemical characterization  in
 accordance with Table  8.

           Beginning  in 1975, core  samples have  been taken semiannually of  the
 soil  in  the pond  bottoms  and  of the  sludge and soil  interface  for  the three
 ponds  containing  chemically treated  sludges.   The soil samples are analyzed
 for moisture  content, grain size,  Atterberg limits,  dry density, coefficient
 of  permeability,   and  concentration  of major constituents.    The chemically
 treated  sludge core  samples are   analyzed  for physical  properties,  such as
 permeability  and   unconfined  compressive  strength,  and  chemical characteris-
 tics.  An  Instron unit,  including  a calibrated  load cell,  was used for deter-
mining unconfined compressive  strength.   The  results of  the  sludge  and soil
 analyses  are  discussed in Sections 8.3  and  8.4.  The  locations  at which core
 samples  have  been taken  in  each pond are  shown in Figures  19  through  23 for
 Ponds B,   C,  D, E,  and  F, respectively.    Core samples were not taken from
 Pond A  during  its  operation,   primarily   because   of the   proximity  of  the
groundwater to  the pond bottom at  that location.  Coring has not been  conducted
 on  Pond  Al because  of the  restricted  size (10 *  10 ft)  of  that pond,  and
 Ponds G and H have not been cored because  of possible damage to the underdrain
 piping system.  It is  planned that  the latter two  ponds be  cored just prior to
being retired.
                                       46

-------
TABLE 8.  CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION PARAMETER LIST*
    Aluminum
    Antimony
    Arsenic
    Barium
    Boron
    Cadmium
    Calcium
    Total Chromium
    Cobalt
    Copper
    Iron
    Lead
    Magnesium
    Manganese
    Mercury
    Molybdenum
    Nickel
    Potassium
Selenium
Silicon
Silver
Sodium
Tin
Vanadium
Zinc
Total Carbonate
Chloride
Fluoride
Sulfate
Phosphate
Total Nitrogen
Chemical Oxygen Demand
TDS
Total Alkalinity
Conductance,  millimhos/cm
PH
     Concentration: mg/^  unless otherwise indicated.
     Item added per revision of 3-1-77.
                               47

-------
                                                        POND OUTLINE AT
                                                        CREST OF DIKE
(D  5/29/75
(2)  6/12/75
(3)  7/29/75
®  1/13/76
(D  7/7/76
®  3/16/77
(2)  9/28/77 (3samplesl
(D  8/17/78
           Figure 19.   Pond  B core sample  locations and dates.

-------
t
M
i


80












ft










T® 1
4 ft
20





rt I

1ir>
7
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t
2-1/2 in.




















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t
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4 ft 1
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LVVC

&
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3ft 	

2M ..


4 ft-5 in.
	 	 21 ft-


^




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64 ft

5 ft
H h
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7 ft-3 in.

7 ft-8 in.
8 ft-10 in.

H —









^-POND OUTLINE AT
CREST OF




— lOft-J
/7\
i 09
J,— llft-9in.
S3 r~13f1

i




i

DIKE





-9 in.
r— 5 ft-4 in.
(—5 ft-11 in.
1—6 ft-9 in.



















133ft






— 9 ft-4 in.





"—4 ft
L-3ft



— 10 ft-9 in.



26

,


ft















CORE SAMPLE SOIL SAMPLE




© 2/27/75 Qy 9/28/77 (2 samples
0 5/29/75
(!) 6/12/75
® 7/29/75
(D 1/13/76 (2 samples)
(6) 7/7176 (2 samples)
                                      3/16/77 (2 samples)
                                      9/28/77 (3 samples)
                                      8/17/78 (2 samples)
Figure 20.   Pond C core and soil sample locations  and dates.
                                 A9

-------
  POND OUTLINE AT
  CREST OF DIKE
                                                      CORE SAMPLE
                                                      0  2/27/75
                                                      (2)  5/29/75
                                                      (D  1/13/76 (2 samples)
                                                      ®  7/7/76
                                                      ©  3/16/77
                                                      ®  9/28/77
                                                      G)  8/16/78
                           -26 ft-8 in.
                       -26 ft-5-1/2 in.
Figure 21.   Pond D core sample locations and dates.
                               50

-------
                                                                                                  t
                                                                          -POND OUTLINE AT
                                                                           CREST OF DIKE
 © 2/27/75
 © 5/29/75
 ® 6/12/75
 ® 7/29/75
 © 1/13/76 (2 samples)
 ® 7/7/76 (2 samples)
 © 3/16/77 (2 samples)
 ® 9/28/77 (2 samples)
®  8/17/78 (after closure sample)
                       Figure 22.  Pond  E core sample locations and dates.

-------
   N
    \


i


S
c










-






* dfl f t
*- • HU 1 1



HEIGHT ^Q
MARKER^Fj
5ft~H


L





O £1
« — 3 ft
i
__3j^0
k-5 ft





. POND OUTLINE
AT CREST OF
DIKE PRIOR TO
PLACEMENT OF
/EARTH COVER
/
C 1-1
1» o
REFERENCE
STAKE

CORE SAMPLE
                                            9/28/77 (2 samples)
                                            8/17/78
Figure 23.  Pond F core sample locations and dates.
                             52

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7.4       POMP CLOSURE (Retirement)

          As  another step  in the  evaluation project,  two operational  ponds
were selected for  closure  and further evaluation in  that  mode.   The two  ponds
selected  were Pond E  (chemically  treated,  Chemfix  process)  and Pond F  (un-
treated,  with underdrain).    The  purposes  of  the  closure  activity  are  to
(1) monitor the quantity  and evaluate the characteristics  of  any seepage from
the ponds  under  conditions  simulating the completion  of  the sludge  disposal
process,  (2)  evaluate  the  structural stability of  the  soil cover,  and (3) ob-
serve any effect of sludge uptake  in the  cover vegetation.  Closure was imple-
mented  by  covering the ponds with  soil indigenous  to the  site,  compacting the
cover layer,  sloping,  and planting it with vegetation  so that  the soil  cover
will shed rainfall without eroding.  The  pond leachate well or underdrain sys-
tem,  as appropriate,  will  continue  to  be used  for  sampling and  analysis  of
leachate  and  underdrain water.

7.A.I     Considerations for Closure of a Landfill

          A number of  factors were considered in developing the procedures for
closure of  the two ponds  (Refs.  9 and 10).   Basically, these factors were in
two categories (1) environmental  effects  and (2) pond use factors,  related, in
this  case, to the use of  the disposal-landfill  site  for  power plant opera-
tions,  e.g.,  equipment storage and maintenance,  parking,  activities involving
light structures,  and  park  land  usage.

Environmental Effects

           For a   sanitary   landfill,   the environmental   effects  related  to
closure include provisions  for controlling conditions affecting  public health,
e.g.,  breeding of rodents,  flies,  and mosquitoes,  control  of  gas migration,
and  prevention of groundwater contamination  by  leachate  seepage.   Since the
material to date   in the disposal  ponds at Shawnee is  inorganic,  the only per-
tinent  environmental factors  are  the control of  seepage  (which will be  moni-
tored constantly   and is expected  to be minimal in quantity as a result  of the
sloping and  depth of the  soil cover layer to be installed), and  the control of
surface waters by use of  the diversion ditches surrounding  the ponds.

Use Characteristics

           Characteristics of  these waste materials affecting the end use of  a
landfill  include  settling,  load-bearing  strength,   effects  of  the  leachate
chemistry on groundwater  quality, and  possible  effects of sludge  on  plant
growth.  As  mentioned,  leachate control  is  achieved with the earth  cover  and
surface water diversion  ditches,  and  load-bearing capacity  is  measured prior
 to and following the  application  of  the soil  cover.   For  purposes of this
evaluation,  the soil  cover  depth is varied from 2 to  3 ft.   In  future activi-
 ties, the minimum cover may be reduced 0.5 to  1.0  ft in order to evaluate pos-
 sible  seepage under minimum earth cover  conditions  and to evaluate effects on
vegetation.
                                       53

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 7.4.2     Procedures Used for Closure of Shawnee Ponds

           Specific procedures were followed in  the closure  of  Ponds  E and  F.

 Site  Preparation

           On both ponds, all  surface  water was pumped off  and  all sludge  cor-
 ing holes  were evacuated, filled, tamped, and sealed with clay.  All  limestone
 rock  was  removed  from  the  berms,  both  top  and slopes, and  disposed of  away
 from  the  evaluation site.   In addition,  the following steps  were   taken  for
 each  pond.

           Pond E.   The  leachate well casing  was  extended upward  by 51  in.,
 using a  PVC collar and  plastic  cement sealer so that it was watertight at  the
 joint, and the leachate well  was evacuated.   The wooden pier was removed,  and
 temporary  bracing was provided  for the leachate well  so  that it would not be
 disturbed  during the earth  filling operations.   All stakes were removed.   The
 holes remaining from  the pier  supports  and stakes were filled with clay  and
 tamped.  The rock-free  pond berms  were  cut down to an elevation of  2 ft above
 the  grade   of  the sludge  at the leachate  well location (Figures  24 and  25).
 Dirt  removed  from  the  berms  was placed  in the pond  as  a part  of   the final
 cover layer.

           Pond F.   The rock-free pond berms were graded to  an elevation of  one
 foot  above the grade of the sludge at the  height marker stake  (Figures 26  and
 27).   Dirt removed  from the berms  was also placed  in  the  pond as part of  the
 final cover layer.

 Placement  of Earth  Cover

           Soil indigenous  to the Shawnee site, including the soil removed  from
 the ponds  during their original construction, was  placed  in the ponds to form
 a  final  cover layer.  The  soil was sloped and  compacted  so that the finished
 grade was  3  ft  deep  at the  longitudinal  centerline  of Pond  E and at the center
 of  Pond F,  and  2  ft  deep  at  the sludge-berm interfaces.    Compaction   was
 achieved  using  an  earth-mover  weighing  65,000 Ib and  equipped with rubber
 tires.  Compaction  of  at least five passes  with the earth-mover was made twice
 during earth  filling,  i.e.,  after half the  cover height  was reached  and after
 the final  layer had been  placed.  The  soil  adjacent to the  leachate well in
Pond E and  the height  marker in Pond  F was  tamped  manually and by a  gasoline-
driven  tamper  to  achieve a  tight  seal.   Drainage  ditches were  cleared   and
graded on  the periphery  of  both ponds  to  prevent  the occurrence  of standing
water adjacent  to the  ponds.

Planting and Fertilizing of  Earth Cover

          Upon  completion of  the grading  and compacting  of  the earth  cover
 layer, the soil was planted with Kentucky No.  31  fescue at the rate of  6 to
 8 lb/1000  ft2  and  fertilized  with   a  6-24-24  fertilizer at  the  rate  of
 20 lb/1000 ft  .   The seed and fertilizer  layer was covered with a  protective


                                      54

-------
en
3ft
-T— ^^
1

(20: 1 SLOPE)

	 	 38 ft 	 *
T^
LEACHATE WELL-y
TOP OF BERM-7 / /

i [)r— it— IL>-
SLUDGE— J U
(a) BEFORE CLOSURE
-PIER
^

(20: 1 SLOPE)
cvTrmncn •• 	 38 ft —
3-ft EARTH ™SS
COVER LAYER-7 ^cn
y WtLL 	 ^^—^»fl

/DRAINAGE
/ DITCH
	 ir—
ji s
                        2 ft
                                                  SLUDGE
                                              (b) AFTER CLOSURE
                                           Figure 24.  Elevation view of Pond E.

-------
Ul
                  38ft
                                                       140 ft-
                           2:1 SLOPE
                          \
1
                                 t
              /     1
                                     SLUDGE LEVEL

                                               (a) BEFORE CLOSURE
                                                     156 ft-
                                          20:1 SLOPE
                                         CE.
 LEACHATE
-WELL
                                                                   DRAINAGE DITCH
                                                                   (FLOW INDICATED)
                                                (b) AFTER CLOSURE
                                                                                                 52ft
                                          Figure 25.  Plan view of Pond E.

-------
                         -40 ft
                       SLUDGE
            SAND
                  (a) BEFORE CLOSURE
                                    3-ft COVER
                                        20:1 SLOPE
                                              -ft COVER
DRAINAGE
DITCH
SAND
                    (b) AFTER CLOSURE
          Figure 26.  Elevation view of Pond F.
                          57

-------
      \
       N
 56ft
                                       EDGE OF NEW EARTH COVER
                       EXISTING TOP OF BERM-^
                            SLUDGE LEVEL-
                           \
                  HEIGHT

                  MARKER
                                       \ •
                 L	

              |	
—-,   I
 	I
                             -40ft-

                             -56ft-
                                      UNDERDRAIN SILO
TO EX ISTING
SURFACE DRAIN
                   Figure 27.  Plan view of Pond F.
                    NEW

                    DRAINAGE
                    DITCH
                                58

-------
layer of  straw  and lightly watered  to  prevent wind erosion.   In May  1978 and
every 3 months  thereafter,  the grass layer  was top-dressed with ammonium ni-
trate (34-0-0) at the rate of  2 to 3  lb/1000 ft^  to maintain top cover growth.

7.4.3     Monitoring, Sampling, and Analysis

          The leachate well in Pond E and  the underdrain system in Pond F will
continue  to  be monitored  as   previously,  i.e.,  the water depth and/or meter
reading will  be taken weekly, and samples  will  be obtained  and  analyzed bi-
monthly as specified in the Test Plan (Ref.  8).
                                        59

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                                 SECTION VIII

                              RESULTS OF ANALYSES
          During  this  reporting  period,  analyses  were continued  on  water
samples from each pond, i.e., supernate  (where  applicable),  leachate or under-
drain, runoff (Pond H), and groundwater.   Likewise,  analyses were made on core
samples (obtained by  coring  through the sludge and  into  the soil), as well as
leachate  obtained  from  these  sludge  cores  during  the permeability  tests.
Tests were also  conducted on selected soil core  samples  removed from the pond
bottoms and  from virgin  soil samples  in the vicinity  of the ponds,  to ascer-
tain  the  degree of penetration of soluble  constituents  from  the  sludge into
the  soil.    In  addition,   climatological and hydraulic data,  which  are taken
daily  at   the  evaluation  site, have  been  analyzed  to   investigate  possible
weather effects on sludge waters  or  structural  properties.   The results of
this  work  are  presented  in  the following paragraphs.  A complete  list of all
the  water  analyses including  the  data  presented below,  is given  in Appendix
A.    The   procedures  used  in  performing  the  chemical   characterization  and
physical properties analyses are described in detail in Appendix B.

8.1        UNTREATED SLUDGE

           There are  five ponds  at  Shawnee which  contain  untreated  sludge,
i.e., Fond Al,  lime absorbent,  open ponding;  Pond D, limestone  absorbent, open
ponding; Pond F,  limestone absorbent,  with underdrain; Pond  G,  lime absorbent,
with  underdrain;  and  Pond H,  force-oxidized,  limestone absorbent (gypsum) with
underdrain.   (The  fill data on  these ponds are  contained  in  Section VII and
summarized in Table 6 of  that  section.)  Ponds Al and D are  considered  control
ponds since the  open  ponding  of  untreated  sludge  in soil indigenous to the
disposal site represents  the simplest and least expensive disposal option.

g.1.1     Pond  Al (Lime Absorbent)

           Pond  A was originally  located west of  the power  plant  and  was  dis-
continued  in April  1976, when the area was needed for  the expansion of  the
coal pile.  Sludge from  Pond A was transferred to  a new site  (Pond Al),  adja-
cent to the  other ponds,  in May  1976.  A new groundwater well was constructed
at Pond Al in  the spring of  1977  and has been monitored since that time.   The
results of the  analyses  of  water  from  both  the  old and  new groundwater wells
for Pond  A/A1  are  shown  in Figure 28.   The concentration  of  dissolved solids
in the groundwater shows  a  gradual decline over  the first  three years, with a
temporary  increase in  TDS,  calcium, and  chloride concentrations  near the end


                                       61

-------
   10001-

   900

   800
S 700
art
 ,- 600
I 500

a 400
o
° 300
   200

   100
POND A
DISCONTINUED 4/15176
POND Al
FILLED 5/10/76
                                                         IDS
      JFMAMJJASONDJ FMAMJJ ASONDJ FMAMJJASONOJFMAMJJASONDJ FMAMJJASONDJ

             1974      I      1975      I     1976      I      1977      I      1978
             Figure 28.  Concentration of TDS and major species in Pond A/Al
                          ground-water.

-------
of  1977;   however,  this  increase  is  not  reflected  in  the  sludge  leachate
concentration  of  IDS.   Typical  TDS concentrations  in the groundwater  wells,
which were  constructed and  monitored prior  to  initiation of any  of  the dis-
posal ponds  (i.e.,  in the vicinity of Ponds B,  C,  and E discussed  in  subse-
quent sections),  are approximately 400 mg/£.   Typical TDS concentrations in
Pond A/A1  groundwater well,  as  well as  all  other groundwater wells, were in
the range  of  300  to 450 mg/Jt throughout  the  entire  evaluation program.   Thus,
it  appears that  the  sludge  did not  have any effect  on  the  concentration of
dissolved  constituents  in the groundwater.   Occasionally, single  data  points
were obtained showing  groundwater  TDS  concentrations  at  variance with typical
values  (e.g., 150  and  900  mg/fc);  however,  these concentrations  were  short-
lived and subsequent values  were in the typical  value range.

          The concentration  of dissolved solids  and  major constituents  in the
supernate  of  Pond A/A! were found  to  fluctuate  as  a result of  rainfall and
evaporation,  which  is  typical of  supernate  in all of the ponds.  Over a 3-1/2-
year monitoring period, a gradual  decrease of peak  values of concentration in
TDS  and major constituents  has  been observed and by  mid-1978 the TDS concen-
tration  dropped  to  less   than  1000 mg/£,  as compared  to a  concentration of
close to 6000 mg/£  in  1974 shortly  after pond filling (Figure 29).

           When Pond A was filled in  1974,  the TDS concentration in  the  leach-
ate  quickly  increased to a   level  equivalent to  the  TDS  concentration  in the
input  liquor.  Since  that  time,  the TDS concentration has steadily  decreased
(Figure 30).   With the exception  of the sulfate concentration,  which has re-
mained  relatively constant  throughout  the  4-year monitoring period,  the  major
constituents  in the leachate  also  decreased steadily.   When the  sludge  mate-
rial was  transferred from Pond A to  Pond Al  in   1976, there was  no discernible
change  in  the decreasing  trend of  the  TDS  level.  By mid-1978 the TDS concen-
tration had  dropped  to  a level  of approximately 2300  mg/fc;  the  chloride was
virtually  depleted;  the  calcium  concentration  had dropped  to approximately
800 rag/«.;  and the  sulfate concentration remained at  a level of approximately
1400 mg/A.

           The analyses of  minor species  in the  Pond  A/A1  leachate  show that
the concentrations of boron,  lead, selenium, and mercury have  remained  rela-
tively  constant  since pond  filling,  whereas the concentrations  of  magnesium
and arsenic  have declined gradually.   The  concentrations of these minor spe-
cies plotted  as a function of time are  shown in  Figure  31.

8.1.2      Pond D  (Limestone  Absorbent)

           The analyses of the  groundwater associated with Pond  D  consistently
show a  somewhat higher concentration of chloride and TDS than  the groundwater
associated with the other disposal ponds.   The  calcium  and  sulfate  concentra-
tions   have   remained  at  a   low  level  (less  than  200  mg/fc)  over the  4-year
monitoring period,  while   the  chloride  has fluctuated slightly around  300
mg/£ (Figure 32).   The  dissolved  constituents  in the  Pond D leachate have
 shown   a  decreasing  trend  since   1975,  particularly  chloride, which   is  now
virtually  depleted.   Therefore,  it appears  that the fluctuation  in the level
                                       63

-------
   6000
   5000 -
^ 4000 -
   3000 -
I  2000
    1000 -
             I
             I
   POND A"   I POND Al
DISCONTINUED]  FILLED
   4/15/76   I 5/10/76
       JFMAMJJASONDJ FMAMJJASONDJFMAMJJASONDJFMAMJJASONDJ FMAMJJASONOJ
             1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
         Figure 29.  Concentration of TDS and major species in Pond A/A1
                      supernate.

-------
                   AVERAGE INPUT LIQUOR IDS • 8285 mg/i
  9000,-
  8000
  7000
  6000
 -5000
54000
o
o
  3000
  2000
   1000
                                POND A
                     DISCONTINUED 4/15/76
POND Al
FILLED 5/10/76
                                                                       IDS
      JFMAMJJASOTlDJ'FMAMJJASONOJFMAMJJASONUiFMAMJJASONQ.
            1974      I      1975     I      1976      I     1977
                         F MA.MJ J A S 0 N DJ
                             1978
           Figure 30.   Concentration of TDS and major species in
                         Pond A/A 1 leachate.
                                        65

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             loo.ooon,
ON
                                                                                                   ARSENIC
                                                                                                    BORON
                                                                                                     LEAD
                                                                                                   MERCURT
                                                                                                      FMIIITI
            o
            O .000.
1975
976
1977
1978
1979
                                                                                                  1980
                        Figure 31.  Concentration of minor species in Pond A/A1 leachate.

-------
   19)0.
   1230,
   1000,
Of
UJ
o
a:
o
o
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
                                                                            1979
                Figure 32.  Concentration of TDS and major species in Pond D
                            ground water.

-------
of  dissolved  solids  in  the groundwater  is not  a result  of water  from the
pond.   In mid-1978, at  the  end of the current monitoring  period,  the IDS and
sulfate  concentrations in the  groundwater have shown  a  peak in concentration
similar  to  that  experienced  during mid-1976.  However, subsequent data suggest
that this increase  is  reflecting a temporary condition.

          The  concentrations of IDS and major constituents  in the supernate of
Pond D  exhibit seasonal variations characteristically  found  in other ponds at
Shawnee  (Figure  33).   Over  the 3-1/2-year  monitoring period  since  1974, the
peak concentrations of TDS  in  these cycles have  gradually  diminished,  and in
mid-1978  dropped below 2000  mg/i.  Sulfate  is  the main dissolved constituent,
at  1000  mg/Z with  calcium  showing  less  than   500  mg/Jt,   and  the  chloride
virtually depleted.

          The  leachate in  Pond D  also  showed  a  decrease  in  TDS  immediately
after  pond  filling, and  by  the  end  of this reporting period had  dropped to
2300 mg/fc from  a  value  of   just  over  5000 mg/fc in   late   1974  (plotted  in
Figure 34).   The chloride  in  the  sludge  is also  virtually  depleted, leaving
sulfate  as  the main constituent (1500 mg/£), and  calcium at  a level less than
1000 mg/£.   The  six minor species  monitored  in the Pond  D  leachate have shown
a   slight   decrease  in  magnesium  and   boron   concentrations,   whereas  the
concentrations  of  arsenic,  selenium,  lead, and  mercury remained  relatively
constant  except  for slight seasonal variations.   A plot  of the results of the
analyses for minor  species in  the  Pond  D  leachate is shown  in Figure 35.

          A plot  of   the  Pond D  leachate  and  supernate concentration,  with
weekly precipitation as  a function of  time  is  given in Figure 36.   Although a
direct  correlation of supernate with  rainfall cannot be made  because  of the
effects  of  dilution,  evaporation,  and  periodic drawdown by  the  site mainten-
ance crew to  prevent  flooding of  the  access  pier and the leachate well, the
fluctuation  of supernate  with weather is  evident.   More  significantly,  it can
be  seen  that the leachate  is independent  of supernate  concentration after 1975
when the  chloride is  diminished to an  insignificant value  (Figure  34) and the
leachate is  governed by sulfate solubility.  During early 1975, the relatively
high values of  chloride affected the leachate  and  supernate  concentrations
although  it is not obvious  that the supernate was  affecting leachate concen-
trations during  that  period.   No  correlation can  be  shown during  the initial
period (late 1974)  because the  leachate was diluted by rainwater which existed
in  the  leachate  well when the  pond was originated  (naturally occurring water
was allowed  to remain  in the well  to simulate  actual  field conditions as much
as possible).

8.1.3     Pond F (Underdrained, Limestone Absorbent)

          The  groundwater from  the  two wells  associated with  Pond  F has been
analyzed since March 1977, shortly after  the pond was  filled.  Typical results
of  these analyses,  as  plotted  in  Figure 37, show  a TDS level of approximately
400 to 500 mg/£,  chloride levels of approximately 100  mg/Jl  or less,  calcium at
50 mg/£, and a sulfate concentration of less than 20 mg/i.   Results from the
                                       68

-------
6000
                                                                            Cl	
    JFMAMJJASOND J FMAMJJ ASONDTFMAMJJAS'OND JFMAMJJ A S "5 ND~~J FftfAMJ J AS ONDJ
          1974     I      1975       I      1976       I      1977       I      1978
         Figure 33.  Concentration of TDS and major species in Pond D
                      supernate.

-------
    6000i-
    5000 -
^ 4000 -
    3000 -
o  2000
    1000 -
   AVERAGE INPUT LIQUOR TDS - 5373 mg/l
                                                                                TDS
       J F
MAMJJ ASONDJFMAMJ JASONOJFMAMJJASONDJ FMAMJJASONDJFMAMJJASONDJ
   1974       I     1975       I      1976       I      1977      I      1978
                Figure 34.  Concentration of TDS and major species in Pond D
                             leachate.

-------
 toe. 0000,
  10.0001
   i.ooan
    , 100.
Of.
LU
_J
\
IT
O

-------
  1975
1976
Figure 36.  Concentration of TDS in Pond D leachate and
            supernate with rainfall.
                          72

-------
   I Mi.
   ear
   60*.
Of.
UJ
I-  «•-
                            /S,
                                                                                      CMLORIOE
                                                                                        TOS

                                                                                      SULFATE

                                                                                      CALClUn
cs
g
—  20*.
Ul
o
I
        I I  I I  I I  I
                                  M I M I I  I I  I I I I M I  I I M Ml I I I  I
      JFnftnJJASONOJFnAnjJASONDJFnAnJJASONDJFnAnjJASONOJFflAIIJJASONOJ
             1977
                              1978
1979
1980
1981
             Figure 37.   Concentration of TDS and major species in Pond G
                          groundwater.

-------
analyses  for six minor  constituents also  show no sign  of  unusual concentra-
tions or  trends.  Therefore,  it  appears  that there have been no effects on the
groundwater  as  a result  of dissolved constituents  from the  pond since (1) the
base is above  40 ft of highly "impermeable"  clay,  (2)  the pond was exposed to
rain only nine  months,  and (3) there is  a negligible hydraulic  head on this
underdrained pond.

          Analyses  of  the underdrain water  from Pond F show that  the IDS con-
centration dropped  from  an  input value of  6700 mg/JJ (Table 9) to approximately
4000 mg/Jl within  3  months  after the  pond  was  filled  (data  plotted  in  Fig-
ure 38).  Thereafter,  the TDS  concentration remained  essentially constant at a
level of approximately 4000 mg/fc for a period of  6 additional months until the
pond was  retired in November  1977.   The pond  has  remained  closed,  and in May
1978 an analysis  of an underdrain sample showed  the  TDS  concentration down to
a level of  980  mg/£.  This last data point may be a  spurious test point, how-
ever, since  the underdrain system  was  turned  off  at the time  of  pond closure
and the>-e was little or  no  drainage  through the sludge  to cause such a drastic
reduction in the  TDS concentration.   In  any event, the  underdrain mode shows a
rapid drop  in  dissolved  constituents as compared to  ponds  not  equipped with
underdrain systems.   Of  the six minor species  monitored  in  the underdrain wa-
ter, arsenic, boron,  lead,  and mercury remained at rather constant concentra-
tions throughout, while  magnesium showed  an increase  and selenium  a decrease
in concentration  (Figure  39 and  Appendix A).

8.1.4     Pond G  (Underdrained,  Lime Absorbent)

          The  groundwater  wells for  Pond  G were  monitored from  mid-1976  to
mid-1978  and  show   TDS   concentrations  of  approximately 600  mg/£,   or  less,
throughout  this  2-year period  (Figure 40).  These concentrations  are typical
of those  found  in  the groundwater  wells  of the other  ponds  in the area.   The
six minor  species also showed no  unusual  concentrations  or  trends.   Thus,  it
appears  that there has  been no  effect  on the  groundwater  as  a  result  of
underdrain water  in  the  pond.

          The TDS concentration  in  the input liquor for Pond G showed an aver-
age  of  14,000 mg/Jl,  and analyses  of the  underdrain  water show  that  within
6 months  after  filling  the TDS concentration had dropped  to  levels between
2200 and  4300 mg/Jl.  During  the last 9  months of  the  monitoring  period,  from
September  1977  to  June  1978,  the  TDS concentration  decreased  gradually  from
2900 mg/Jl to 2300 mg/Jl (Figure 41).    The  six  minor  species monitored  in the
Pond G underdrain showed  no unusual  concentrations or discernible trends (Fig-
ure 42)  when compared with  other sludges.

8.1.5     Pond H  (Underdrained,  Ash-Free Gypsum)

          Pond H was filled with ash-free gypsum  (both  clarifier underflow and
filter  cake)  during August and  September  1977 (Section  7.1.2).   The ground-
water wells  associated  with  Pond  H  were  constructed  and monitored  prior  to
pond filling,  i.e., GWH2 in July  1976  and GWH1 in May  1977.  The  results  of
the  analyses conducted  through  mid-1978  show  a  TDS  concentration  of between
                                       74

-------
                                               TABLE 9.   INPUT LIQUOR ANALYSIS
Pond
A
B

C
D

E

F


G


H

H

Sludge Type
Lime, filter cake
Limestone, clarifier
underflow
Lime, centrifuge cake
Limestone, clarifier
underflow
Limestone, clarifier
underflow
Limestone, clarifier
underflow, flyash
remixed
Lime, centrifuge cake.
flyash remixed and
layered
Limestone, gypsum
clarifier underflow
Limestone, gypsum
filter cake
Solids
Content,
%
46
38

55
38

38

47


47


33


86
pH
8.3
8.9

8.9
9.Z

9.4

\2.2


7.8


..


"
Concentration, mg//
Ca
2100
1060

2720
1880

1880

1990


150


1110


1510
so4
1525
1875

1575
1500

1400

1100


6600


1930


1875
Cl
4600
1850

4700
2950

2700

2000


3600


3500


6600
so3
4
3

45
56

32

__


._


..


~ ~
TD^
8560
5160

9240
6750

6190

6700


14000


9200


10756
As
0.024
0.004

0.002
0.004

0.004

0.002


0. 14


..


"
B
44
97

34
93

80

76


93


120


140
Pb
0.49
<0. 02

<0. 01
<0. 02

<0.01

<0. 01


<0. 01


..


""
Mg
290
2.5

33
50

12

0.3


5000*


540


1100
Na
..
17

46
56

41

70


12


62


116
Se
0.005
0.020

0.018
0.014

0.014

0.042


0.63


..


"
Hg
<0.0001
0. 0024

<0.0001
0.0003

0. 00033

<0. 0002


<0. 0002


..


"
CODb
-.
140

140
130

110

43


53


..


"
 Total dissolved solids.
 Chemical oxygen demand.
CMagnesia added to lime absorbent.
—Not determined.

-------
   7000
          POND FILLED
          FEB77
   6000
 en
                  INPUT LIQUOR IDS  - 6700 mg/l
   5000 -
o
o
o 4000 -
   3000
POND RETIRED
NOV77
       0369
         MONTHS AFTER POND  FILLING
Figure 38.  Concentration of TDS in Pond F underdrain
          water.
                       76

-------
taa noon



10. OOOti
I.OOOO
. IOCU
XN
Of. :
UJ
t-
_i
cs .oidii
n :
**
g ;
»-

-------
00
   1000

   900

   800

*l 700
 E*
_,- 600
o
i 500
I
a 4oo
o
° 300

   200

   100

     0
                                                                                    v IDS
                                                                                    O Cl
                                                                                    A SO
                                                                                    • Ca
                      JFMAMJJASONOJ FMAMJJASONDJFMAMJJASONDJFMAMJJASONDJ FMAMJJASONDJ

                            1974       I     1975      I      1976      I      1977      I      1978
                               Figure 40.  Concentration of TDS and major species in Pond G
                                            groundwater.

-------
\O
                           cn
                           .  10,000 -
                          O
                          o
                               1,000
                                   0
                                         POND FILLED

                                         OCT76
  6      9      12     15

MONTHS AFTER POND FILLING
21
                               Figure 41.  Concentration of TDS in Pond G underdrain.

-------
00
o
                JOO. 01
                 10.0000
                  1.0001
               ca
                  .0100
                   .001
                   MM"! I I  I I  I I  I I I I I
            I  I I  I I I  I I  I I  I
            I  I I  I I  I I I I I  I
                                                                                                 X
                                                                                                 m
                                                        AMEN 1C
                                                         IORON
                                                          LEAD
                                                        HEROMT
                                                        «ri ruun
            I I I  I I  I I  I I  I I
                             1977
1978
1979
.1980
1981
                              Figure 4Z.  Concentration of minor species in Pond G underdrain.

-------
300 and 450 mg/A, with  a  corresponding steady level of  dissolved  constituents
(Figure A3)•   The six  minor  constituents likewise  show no unusual  trends  or
concentrations.   This suggests  that the underdrain water has  had  no  discerni-
ble effect on the groundwater beneath  Pond H,  as  expected.

          Inasmuch as Pond H has both  gypsum  clarifier underflow in the under-
drained portion  of  the pond  topped with  122 yd-* of gypsum filter cake,  both
underdrain and runoff are sampled and  analyzed.   When  the  pond was filled with
clarifier underflow in  August 1977,  the average  TDS concentration in the input
liquor  was  9200 mg/fc;  the  filtrate   sampled in  September 1977  showed  a  TDS
concentration of  10,786 rag/A.   The  underdrain water showed a sharp decrease in
the TDS concentration within a  2-raonth interval, and  after  9 months of moni-
toring  the  TDS  level had dropped  to 3500 mg/4.   The  runoff  showed a TDS con-
centration  of  between  2500 and 3200 mg/A within 2 months after  pond filling
and lasting  through mid-1978 (Figure  44).   However,  the  runoff showed a wide
variation  in TSS, with  values ranging  between 4  and 309 rag/A.  This variation
is  to be  expected  as  filter cake  material  erodes from weathering  and fresh
material is  periodically  exposed to rainfall.  The results of  the analyses of
six  minor  species  in  the Pond H  underdrain water  are  shown  in Figure 45.
Arsenic, lead, and  mercury  remain  at near constant levels during  the  10 months
of  monitoring  after  the  pond was  filled.  Boron and  magnesium concentrations
show  variations  by  a  factor of  2 or 3, but both show a  slight  decreasing trend
from  their  respective levels  in the input liquor.   Selenium  shows a  gradually
decreasing  concentration, and  by  mid-1978 had  dropped an  order  of  magnitude
from  the  initial level  at the time  of  pond filling  10  months  earlier.    A
summary of  typical  concentrations  of  major  and minor  species  in  Pond  H
underdrain  and  runoff samples is shown in Table  10.  These samples  were taken
between March and  June 1978,  roughly  6 months  after  placement of  the  gypsum
sludge  in  the  pond.

8.1.6     Physical  Characteristics

           The  physical properties   considered in the  disposal of FGD  sludges
include bulk density,  water  retention characteristics, load-bearing  strength,
porosity,  permeability, and viscosity.   The  latter is  important  in  the trans-
port  of the sludge  to  a  disposal  site,  and  the  others concern the  weight  and
volume  of  the disposal material, as well as  the suitability  of the  waste  as  a
load-bearing material and deterrent to seepage in a disposal  site.

           The physical properties  of  FGD sludges are dependent upon the char-
acteristics of both  the  liquid  and the solid constituents, as well  as the in-
 teraction between  them.   The lime  and limestone scrubber wastes contain  four
 principal  crystalline  phases:   calcium sulfite,  calcium sulfate,  fly ash,  and
 unreacted  limestone  or  precipitated  calcium carbonate.    In many  cases,  the
 sulfite phase also contains small  fractions  of sulfate crystals.   However, the
 presence of the  sulfate  has  not yet been found  to affect the basic properties
 of the sludge.
                                       81

-------
00
N>
                    1000


                     900


                     800


                 *j  700
                  C7>

                 ^  600
                 o

                 i  5°°
                 1
                 a  400
o
0
                     300
                     200
                     100
                                                                     v  TDS
                                                                     O  Cl

                                                                     A  SO*
                                                                     •  Ca
                        JFMAMJJASONDJFMAMJJASONDJFMAMJJASONDJFMAMJJASONDJ FMAMJJASONDJ
                              1974
                            1975
1976
1977
1978
                              Figure 43.   Concentration of TDS and major species in Pond H

                                           groundwater.

-------
oo
                10.000
                                             UNDERDRAIN
POND H DATA:

 • LIMESTONE ABSORBENT
 . FILLED WITH CLARIFIER UNDERFLOW
   ASH-FREE GYPSUM, AUG 77
 . ADDITIONAL  FILLING OF GYPSUM
   FILTER CAKE,  SEP 77, CONTAINING 12%
   (dry basis) UNREACTED LIMESTONE
 • UNDERDRAINED POND (underlainage
   closed after filter cake deposit)
 • INPUT LIQUOR TDS :
     CLARIFIER UNDERFLOW,  9200 mg/1
     FILTRATE,  10,786 mglt
                                                 6        8       10
                                               MONTHS AFTER POND FILLING
        12
14
16
                          Figure 44.  Comparison of TDS concentration in the underdrain water
                                      and runoff of Pond H.

-------
00
               ion. OOOB,
                IM.nU
                 10.0001
                  1.0001
4,
                                                           I II I I  I I  I I  I I I  I I  I I  I I  I I  I I I  I I  M M  I II I  I I
                                                                                                X
                                                                                                A
                                                                                                X
                                      ARSENIC
                                       IQRON
                                        LEAD
                                      ntRCURT
                                                                                                D
                                                                                                      SELENIUM
                             1977
               1978
1979
1980
1981
                         Figure 45.  Concentration of minor species in Pond H underdrain.

-------
TABLE 10.  SUMMARY OF TYPICAL CONCENTRATIONS OF
            MAJOR AND MINOR SPECIES IN POND H UNDER-
            DRAIN AND RUNOFF SAMPLESa

                     (Concentrations in mg//)
                             Underdrain
Runoff
Chloride
Sulfate
Calcium
TDS
Arsenic
Boron
Lead
Magnesium
Mercury
Selenium
Sodium
Potassium
Fluoride
TSS
1300
1200
600
3500
0.006
30
0.20
280
0.0012
0.005
60
30
2.0
Not measured
7-500
1400
600
2200
0.030
0. 5-- 27. 0
0.30
5-160
0.0015
0.0004
3.0
3.0
2.3
4-309
     Sampled in March 1978, six months after placement of the
     material on the site.
     Results from TVA on duplicate samples in this time
     interval ranged from 130 - 720 mg// TSS.
                                85

-------
Water  Retention and  Bulk  Density

          The  water  retention  or,  conversely,  the  dewatering characteristics
of  FGD wastes  are important to  the  various disposal techniques  in  that they
affect  the  volume of  the  disposal  basin, the waste  handling  methods,  and the
condition of the  wastes in their final disposal  state.  Bulk density is, then
a consequence  of  the dewatering characteristics  of a sludge.

          The  effectiveness  of  the  dewatering method  used and  the ability of a
sludge  to  be  dewatered are  a function of a  number  of solids  characteristics,
including the  size  and distribution  of particles, and  the  crystalline struc-
ture of  the particles, which are a function  of  the  system,  as well as its op-
erating  parameters.  Data  for four  dewatering methods are reported:  settling,
settling by free  drainage,  vacuum filtration, and centrifugation.  The results
are based on laboratory experiments.

          The   highest  density   is   obtained  principally  by  vacuum-assisted
filtration  in   most  sludges  and by  centrifugation   in  a few  cases.    In  all
cases,  relatively small density differences result   from  these  two dewatering
methods.

          In most sludges,  there is very  little  difference in  the density when
dewatered by settling  or  by settling  combined with  free drainage.  While free
draining may  not produce  a significant  increase in  bulk density,  the slight
gain coupled with the  associated higher solids  content  may  in some cases sig-
nificantly  increase  load-bearing strength.

          Generally,  the  wet-bulk density ranged from a  low  of  approximately
1.5 g/cra3 (94  lb/ft3)  for  settled sludges to a high  of 1.65  g/cm3 (103 lb/ft*)
for vacuum  filtered  (Table 11).  Drained and  centrifuged  values  were  interme-
diate  to  these extremes,  with  drained being slightly higher  than the settled
and centrifuged slightly  lower than filtered.   These  values were obtained un-
der laboratory  conditions  and may not necessarily be  representative of results
obtained from  the use  of commercial dewatering equipment.

Compressive and Load-Bearing  Strength

          The  structural   characteristics of  wet FGD  sludge  affect   its  use
where  land  reclamation is  desired.   Unconfined  compressive  strength  of  un-
treated wastes  are low, and generally no specific values are  reported because
the material is usually too soft to measure.  However,  dewatering can produce
improved structural  qualities.

          Load-bearing strength when  plotted as  a function  of  solids  content
exhibits a  point above which  the  strength   increases rapidly to  values  well
above  the  minimum for safe  access of  personnel and  equipment.   However,  the
critical concentration appears  to  be unique  for  each type  of sludge  tested.
In addition to  providing data and load-bearing strengths of  lime  and limestone
sludges  (with  and without  fly  ash),   Figure  46  illustrates  the  effect  of  the
absorbent and  fly ash on dewatering  characteristics.   As contrasted  to lime


                                       86

-------
                                         TABLE 11.  BULK DENSITIES OF FGD WASTES
oo

Sample
Source
and
Date
Shawnee
Limestone,
2/1/73
Shawnee
Limestone,
6/15/74
Shawnee
Lime,
3/19/74
Shawnee
Lime,
9/8/76
Shawnee
Lime,
9/8/76

Fly Ash.
wt% (dry)


20


40


40


40


~ 0

Dewatering Method
Settled
Solids, %

49


53


42


45


47

Density,
g/cc

1.45


1.46


1. 34


1. 34


1. 37

Settled and
Drained
Solids, %

56


58


43


58


51

Density,
g/cc

1. 51


1.53


1.36


1.50


1.41

Centrifuge
Solids, %

60


63


50


53


48

Density,
g/cc

1.56


1.60


1.44


1.44


1. 38

Filter
Solids, %

65


66


56


61


57

Density,
g/cc

1.65


1. 64


1. 51


1.54


1.49

            aUsing laboratory equipment.

-------
             250,_
00
oo
                                                                               SHAWNEE, 6% FLY ASH - 9/8/76
                                                                               SHAWNEE, 40% FLY ASH - 9/8/76
                                                                               SCHOLZ, WITHOUT FLY ASH - 6/20/76
                                                                               SCHOLZ, 30% FLY ASH - 6/27/76
                                                                               PADDY'S RUN, 12% FLY ASH -
                                                                               PHILLIPS, 60% FLY ASH  - 6/17/74
                                                                               CHOLLA, 59% FLY ASH -  4/1/74
                                                                               GADS BY, 9% FLY ASH -8/9/74
                                                                               SHAWNEE, WITHOUT FLY  ASH - 11/30/76
                                                                               SHAWNEE, 40% FLY ASH - 11/30/76
                                                                               RTP GYPSUM*. WITHOUT FLY ASH - 12/4/75
                                                                               RTP GYPSUM*, 40% FLY ASH - 9/30/75
     ABSORBENT
       L - LIME
     DA - DOUBLE ALKALI
     CL - CARBIDE LIME
     LS - LIMESTONE
       * - CONTAINS 5%
          SULFITE
                                                  60               70
                                                SOLIDS CONTENT, weight %
80
90
                             Figure 46.  Load-bearing strength as a function of moisture, fly ash
                                          content,  and sludge origin.

-------
limestone  sludges  are capable  of  being dewatered  to higher  solids  contents;
however, lime sludges  generally attain high bearing  strengths  at  lower  solids
content than  limestone sludges.  The  presence of fly  ash enhances dewatering
in both types of  sludges.   For any specific solids  content of a given sludge,
the load-bearing strength is less with fly  ash than without.

          The load-bearing  strength of  untreated sludges  in  undrained  ponds,
such  as  A and  D,  has been too  low  to support personnel  (air-drying produced
adequate strength  in  Pond  A,  but it was lost  upon  rewetting).  In preparation
for  the  filling of Pond G,  laboratory  tests  were conducted  on ash-free lime
sludge filter cake, remixed  with fly  ash in a quantity representing 40 wt% of
total  solids;  samples  were  allowed  to settle  or  drain to  obtain bearing-
strength measurements as a function of draining time.   The test results show
that undrained  settling  alone  would  not produce bearing strengths above 40 psi
after a  settling time of  13  days.   Samples which were allowed to drain, how-
ever,  showed  significant increases  in bearing strength  within a short period
of  time.   For  example,  samples in which half the  fly ash  was remixed  in the
sludge and  the  other  half  placed in layers  showed bearing strengths  of greater
than  20  psi in 12 hr  and  greater than 50 psi  in 24  hr.   The  layering config-
uration was selected  for the  filling of Pond G, and  it was  demonstrated during
filling  that  personnel could  walk, on the surface between  2  and 10 hr after the
sludge  and fly ash had  been  placed in  the  pond.  Field evaluations  of under-
drained  ponds  of  lime and limestone  sludges  have  shown that  these  materials
are  capable of supporting  light construction equipment  within 12 hr after a
heavy rain.  High bearing capacity in excess of  100  psi were reached  (Table
12).   However,  the need for layering  sludge with fly ash  may  not  be  necessary;
e.g.,  Pond F,  which  is  not  layered and has  lower  bearing  capacity  properties
than  Pond G,   is  nevertheless  capable of  supporting  personnel  and  light
construction  equipment.

           Laboratory   analyses  have indicated  that   limestone  sludges  produced
at  Shawnee typically  have  load-bearing strengths  superior to  that  of  Pond  F.
Therefore, further study  will be conducted on bearing strength  as  a function
of   absorbent  usage,  scrubber  operating   parameters,  resultant  crystalline
structure, and moisture content after drainage.

permeability

           The  pollution potential of sludge  liquor seeping  into groundwaters
 is  governed  by the  mobility of  leaching waters.  This mobility  is  limited  by
 the coefficient of permeability of  the various media through which this leach-
 ate must pass.

           The  permeation rate  of leaching  waters through the  sludge defines an
 upper limit  to the amount  of leachate that enters  the subsoil.  The amount of
 liquid and the level of contamination of  this  liquid are jointly  responsible
 for the pollution potential of  any  given waste disposal site.

           The  permeability  coefficient of untreated wastes containing fly ash
 is approximately  2 x 10"^ cm/sec (Table 13).  The  permeability coefficient of
 untreated  sludges has  been  shown to  be a function of  the volume  fraction of
                                        89

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         TABLE 12.  SLUDGE ULTIMATE BEARING STRENGTH
Pond and
Absorbent
Pond B,b330
240-300
 Data taken in August 1977 within 24 hr following a 3. 3-in.  rainfall.
 Pond B covered by 4 in.  of water.
"Chemically treated.
 Tests for  Pond H made on settled and drained clarifier underflow.
                                 90

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    TABLE 13.  PERMEABILITY OF SHAWNEE SLUDGES'
Sludgeb
Lime
Limestone
Void Fraction
0.75
0.69
Permeability
Coefficient, cm/ sec
1.8 x 10"4
2.0 x 10"4
 Reference 4.

DA11 samples contain fly ash (40 wt %) (dry).
 TABLE 14.  EFFECT OF COMPACTION ON PERMEABILITY
             OF UNTREATED SLUDGE
Sludge
Lime
Limestone
Void Fraction
0.75
0.68
0.60
0.54
0.69
0.56
P e rm e ability
Coefficient, cm/sec
1. 8 x 10~4
6.0 x 10"5
1.4x 10"5
7.3 x 10"6
2.0 x 10"4
6. Ox 10"5
                           91

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solids  in  the  waste.   These values  are  intermediate  to  typical  values for
silty sand  and  sandy clay, which are  10~*  cm/sec and 5 * 10~6 cm/sec, respec-
tively  (Ref.  2).

          Consolidation of untreated wastes  in  a column open at the base, un-
der  pressures of  30 to  100  psi,  reduced  the  void fraction  and  also reduced
permeability  coefficients by a  factor of from  2 to  5 (Table 14).   The higher
solid  volume fraction,  resulting  from compaction  or  consolidation,  and the
resultant decrease in permeability  appears to be a function of the size of the
sludge  particles and the  size and distribution of the fly ash particles.  Con-
solidation  of untreated sludge  at  the base  of  a 40-ft  deep disposal site may
decrease  permeabilities to about 10~5  cm/sec as compared with  10~4  cm/sec at
the  surface.

          Chemical treatment  tends  to  reduce  permeability by less  than a fac-
tor  of  2  in some cases  and by several  orders of magnitude in others.

Viscosity

          The viscosity of the sludge  is indicative  of  its pumpability, which
affects both  the mode and cost of sludge transport.   The results of viscosity
tests  for various sludges from the  Shawnee test  facility  show  that easily
pumpable  mixtures   (less  than 20 poise)  range  from  a high  solids  content of
55 wt%  to a low solids  content of 40 wt% (Figure 47).

          The  wastes produced  in  FGD  systems  contain  finely divided partic-
ulate matter  suspended in an aqueous medium  and consist of three major phases
having  markedly  different morphologies:  calcium sulfite hemihydrate, calcium
sulfate dihydrate,  and  fly ash.  It  is both the particle size distribution and
phase morphology that  are  believed  to  influence the viscosity of the sludges.

          Both  calcium sulfate  and sulfite scrubber  waste  products  tend to
have particle sizes in the same range  as fly ash,  i.e., between 1  and 100 ym.
However,  fly  ash  is  formed  as spheres,  while  sulfite wastes  are  platelets
(limestone) or  rosettes  (lime)  and sulfates  are blocky  in shape.   Unreacted
CaCO-j from  the  limestone  (or precipitated  from the lime process)  is usually
present in  the waste and  contributes an additional  shape parameter.   The data
clearly suggest  that fly  ash decreases the  viscosity of a  sludge,  e.g., the
effect  of limestone sludge containing  40, 20, and  1% fly ash and lime with 40
and  1%  fly ash (Figure  47).   It  was also observed that the presence of fly ash
has  a more  marked   effect  on  limestone sludge than on  lime  sludge  in reducing
viscosity.

8.1.7     Underdrain Design

          An  analysis of  an  underdrain design  was  conducted to determine an
understanding of the major components  necessary  to estimate the  system costs.
The  analysis  provided  an estimation  of  seepage rate  through  the  untreated
sludge and subsoil  for a system  vented  to the atmosphere, calculation of drain
                                       92

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CURVE
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
SLUDGE FLY
CM PARMA DOUBLE ALKALI
UPL GADSBY DOUBLE ALKALI
TVA SHAWNEE LIME
DLC PHILLIPS LIME
TVA SHAWNEE LIMESTONE
TVA SHAWNEE LIMESTONE
TVA SHAWNEE LIMESTONE
LG&E PADDY'S RUN CARBIDE LIME
TVA SHAWNEE LIME
TVA SHAWNEE LIMESTONE
GPC SCHOLZ SODA ASH DOUBLE ALKALI
GPS SCHOLZ SODA ASH DOUBIE ALKALI
TVA SHAWNEE LIME
ASH, *
7.4
8.6
40.5
59.7
20.1
40.1
40.9
12.4
<1.0
<1.0
<1.0
30.0
40.0
DATE
7/18/74
8/9/74
3/19/74
6/17174
2/1/73
6/15/74
7/11/73
7/76
9/8/76
9/28/76
6/20/76
6/27/76
9/8/76
  120
  100
o
a.
 .  80
£

CO
O
O


5  60









   40









   20
            30
40              50             60


       SOLIDS CONTENT, WEIGHT *
                                                                         70
            Figure 47.  Viscosity of Shawnee FGD  sludges.
                                      93

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pipe spacing for horizontal  and  sloped pond bottoms,  and an evaluation of five
alternative perforated-pipe  and  sand-layer designs.

          The  estimation of  seepage rates  through sludge  layers  in waste dis-
posal ponds and into  the  subsoil  utilized  a simplified relationship neglecting
evaporation, capillary  effects,  and interference with the natural water table.
The analysis assumed  a quasi-steady  flow  through a  saturated  medium at rates
governed by Darcy's law.

          Characteristic  drain  times  and  seepage  rates  were  estimated  for
sludge  Layer thickness in a  6-ft  deep model  (Pond F)  and  a full-scale, 30-ft
deep pond.   Sludge drainage rates are  in  the  vicinity  of 1.5 x io~* cm/sec.
In order to prevent the  buildup  of  rainfall and  input liquor within and on top
of the  sludge  layer,  the design rate of seepage removal at the  bottom of the
pond must  exceed  the  rate at  which water  is  introduced.   Based  on an average
rainfall  rate  of  4.3 x 10~° cm/sec  (2.54 cm/wk) and scrubber  output  on the
pond of  4.9 x  10~5 cm/sec (1600  gpm)  water,  the seepage  is about three times
the input  rate.    Even during heavy  rain  storms (say, 20  cm/wk),  when under-
drain is provided, water  would not  accumulate  on top  of the sludge.  If such a
condition were to  exist whereby the scrubber  could not accept  the total seep-
age, water  would  merely  be  allowed to  accumulate and then drawn  down  in the
future as allowed  by  the  scrubber.

          Seepage  into  the  subsoil was  estimated assuming  various hydrostatic
pressure heads at  the pond  and subsoil  interface and no  interference with the
natural water  table.  If, for  example,  the subsoil coefficient  of permeability
were 10~° cm/sec,  the penetration with underdrainage  would be 14 in./yr in the
vicinity  of  the  trenches holding  the drainage  pipes,  which may  be approxi-
mately  10 x 10 in. and  as much as  100 ft apart  or greater; penetration of the
soil between the drain  trenches  would  be negligible because the water would be
only a  film on the base of  the pond.   By  comparison, the subsoil seepage from
a similar pond without  underdrains  would be about 6 ft/yr from  the entire pond
bottom.  Considering  the depth of  seepage  and the pond base area contributing
to the  seepage, the underdrained pond would release  about  0.16% as much water
as the  nondrained  pond.   Additionally, the  underdrained  pond would be closed,
capped, and reclaimed after  about 2 years,  thereby preventing future seepage.

          The  use of  varying  soil permeability was considered.   For example, a
soil coefficient  of  permeability  of  about 10   cm/sec,  which  is  considered
highly  impermeable, would constitute  a pond lining.   The  value of underdrain-
age with a pond soil  such as that  is  that  the underdrainage would dewater the
sludge to a point at which it would be  structurally sound.   If  the soil k were
10" ,  indicating a highly porous  soil,  the seepage at the drain trenches would
be about 12 ft in one year,  at which  time  the  pond could  be closed and capped.

          The  second  analysis considered  the maximum spacing  between  drains
for several  cases.   Dupuit/Forchheimer and Boussinesq assumptions  (Refs. H
through 14) were  used with  Darcy's Law  to  create a seepage model with replen-
ishment, which was used  to derive drain   spacing  relationships  with various
layer  depths   to  be   installed  beneath  a  disposal pond.    The height  of  the

-------
water-void boundary  surface  in the sand as a function  of  the horizontal coor-
dinate was obtained for both level and  slightly  inclined beds by expanding the
solutions as  a perturbation series  in  powers of the bed  slope.   For example,
using a one-foot thick sand layer  and following  the  requirement that the theo-
retical water  level  in the drains be zero, the  maximum spacing between drains
in a horizontal  base was  found to be 133  ft, while  in  a base inclined at a 1%
slope, the maximum spacing is  increased to 240  ft.

          The  five  alternative perforated-pipe and  sand-layer  designs  were
used  in  combination  with price lists  for materials and  labor  to  select the
final  cost-minimizing design.   A summary of  optimum design characteristics
(assuming  no  safety  factor)  for  three  sand-layer thickness,  3.5,  2.0 and
1.0 ft, are shown in  Table 15.   For  the last  two thicknesses, sand layers with
horizontal beds  and  with  beds  alternately sloped at 1%  toward the field drains
were examined  as subcases, whereas the  3.5-ft case was  examined for the sloped
condition only.

          Inclining  the base at  1%  toward the  drains  reduces the number  (and
liner  feet)  of  drainpipes required  by a  factor of about   2,  because it in-
creases  the  allowable spacing  between  drains.    It  also  doubles  the  discharge
that must be  carried by the drain,  but the pipe diameter needed  for  the  hori-
zontal  sand layer  designs is  also large  enough to carry  the increased  dis-
charge from  the  sloped layers.

          In  a  comparison of  the various designs, the  costs  of grading the
sand-layer  bed,  trenching, and gravel  were also  considered.  For example,  it
might  appear  that,   because  Design lib  required only  2400 ft  of  6-in.  pipe
while  Ila requires  4800  ft,  the  former is the  more economical design.   How-
ever,  Design lib calls for accurately  grading  the sand-layer bed to  alternat-
ing  slopes  every 300  ft, while  Ila  requires  only that the  bed  be graded  hori-
zontally.   The incremental cost of  specialized grading may  offset  the cost  of
an additional  2400 ft of  perforated pipe.

          A water balance of an underdrained disposal  pond  is presented in de-
tail  in  a companion  report  (Ref.  4), which describes the portion of  the  Aero-
space effort  concerned with  sludge characterization  and assessments  of dis-
posal  alternatives.   In the  underdrain system,  all  rainfall on the disposal
pond,  except  that which  evaporates, becomes part of the scrubber  water loop,
which effectively reduces  the normal  amount of  fresh makeup water.   The net
effect on the water  balance  is to increase  the concentration  of  chloride  in
the  scrubber loop.

           The amount  of  chloride  increase can  depend  on  the pond size, amount
of evaporation  and  rainfall,  degree  of  settling  of  the sludge material, and
amount of chlorine in the coal and  can be limited by  the  rate of return of the
 pond underdrain  water to the  scrubber.   These factors will  be considered  in
more  detail  in  the  final  Shawnee Report.   Preliminary analysis  has  shown,
 however, that if ponds are constructed so that  the working section is the size
 required to accommodate roughly a 2-year supply (50 acres) of oxidized sludge
                                        95

-------
           TABLE 15.  SUMMARY OF OPTIMUM DESIGNS FOR
                        DIFFERENT SAND LAYERS
Design
Sand-layer thickness, f*
Bed slope, %
No. of drains
Drain spacing, ft
3
Drain discharge, ft /sec
Diameter of drain d , in.
Slope of drain, %
Total length required, ft
3
Header discharge* ft /sec
Diameter of header, in.
Slope of header, %
Total length of header, ft
Volume of sand, ft
Ib
3.5
1.0
--
--
--
--
--
--

8.
0.5
2400.
S.OxlO6
Ila
2.0
0
4
300.
0.059
6
0.5
4800.
0.236
8.
0.5
2100.
2.9xl06
lib
2.0
1.0
2
600.
0. 118
6
0.5
2400.
0.236
8.
0.5
1800.
2.9xl06
Ilia
1.0
0
9
133.
0.026
4
0.5
10,800.
0.236
8.
0.5
2300.
I.4xl06
Illb
1.0
1.0
5
240.
0.047
4
0.5
6000.
0.236
8.
0.5
2160.
1.4xl06
Assumed Values:   q = 10  cm/sec
                   k = 0. 1 cm/sec
                   M = 0. 02  sec/ft
                   t =  4 in.
1/3
(replenishment rate)
(sand conductivity)
(friction factor)
(thickness allowance for
 sludge infilt.into sand layer)
In Case 1,  drain pipe and header are the same.
                                  96

-------
from a  1000-MWe station,  the  chloride concentration, being  5000 mg/fc without
underdrainage, would go  steady  state at about 8400 mg/£.   (For  simplicity,  it
was conservatively  assumed that all chloride  in the scrubber loop,  including
the pond, is  in solution.)  This steady-state condition  would  remain through-
out the  life  of the first  pond.   New ponds would then be  added  to thesystem.
Each pond  would be  closed in  succession  to  disallow further  infiltration  of
rainwater into  the  scrubber loop.

          A temporary increase  in  chloride concentration can be expected after
each pond  transfer  because of  the  partial replacement  of makeup  water  with
drainage water  from the  previous pond.   The amount will depend upon the degree
of  settling  and flow of the drainage.   For  example,  a settling  of  from 74%
solids  to  80%  solids  (such as observed  in  Pond H after  clarifier underflow
filling) over 0.2  years  would  yield a  temporary concentration  of chloride  of
about  14,700 mg/Jl.   However,   this  concentration  would  decrease  to a  new
steady-state  concentration slightly   in   excess  of  9000 mg/£  for  each  new
pond.   After  about six  transfers,  a new overall steady-state concentration of
chloride  would  be  reached at  9100 mg/fc of  chloride.   A  short  survey  of
scrubber suppliers has  not revealed a  design  upper  limit for chloride because
the  scrubbers  are  now  all  protected  against  corrosion.   Calcium sulfate
concentrations  (the major  constituent  of  TDS) are  in  chemical  equilibrium in
the scrubber/disposal  pond system.  An increase of chloride does  not  appear to
significantly alter the  sulfate balance.

8.2       TREATED  SLUDGE

          Three ponds are being evaluated at Shawnee which  have been filled
with chemically treated  material.   Pond B was filled in  April 1975  with clari-
fier  underflow (limestone absorbent),  treated  by  the Dravo  Corporation.
Pond C  was  also filled  in April  1975,  with  centrifuge cake (lime  absorbent),
treated by IU  Conversion  Systems,  Inc.   Pond  E was filled  in  December 1974
(limestone  absorbent),  with clarifier  underflow treated by Chemfix,  Inc.   The
filling operations and  treatment  details  are  described in Ref.  1,  and  the  re-
sults  of the analyses of  the  input  liquor to those ponds  is shown in Table 9.
The configuration  of  Pond E was  changed  in  November  1977 when  the  supernate
was  drained  from  the  pond and the  pond was  filled with soil,  compacted,  and
graded (Section 7.4).   The leachate well  at  Pond E, which was  drained at  the
time  of  pond  closure,  has been  monitored since  that  time  whenever a  small
quantity of seepage occurred.

8.2.1      Pond B Water Analyses

           The two groundwater  wells associated  with Pond B have been monitored
 over  a  3-year  period and  show no unusual trends  or concentrations.   The  TDS
 concentration  has  varied  slightly but  has remained essentially  constant  in  a
 range  of  between   450  and 550 mg/H (Figure 48).    The  chloride,  sulfate,  and
 calcium concentrations  have also been relatively constant, except that  chlo-
 ride has  shown a slight  decrease  and one  sulfate reading  was  higher  than
 usual.  The  six minor  species have likewise  remained  relatively constant over
 the 3-year period.  Therefore,  it appears that  there has been no effect on the
                                        97

-------
vO
CD
                      I I I   I I II  I I I  I  I
                    JFMAMJJASONDJ FMAMJJASONOJFMAMJJASONDJFMAMJJASONDJ FMAMJJASONDJ
                          1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
                          Figure 48.  Concentration of TDS and major species in Pond B
                                      groundwater.

-------
groundwater from  the  waters in Pond B,  as  expected, because of  the  Impermea-
bility of the soil.

          Immediately  after pond filling,  the supernate  in  Pond B had a  IDS
concentration equivalent to that of the  input  liquor,  after which the TDS  con-
centration dropped  sharply.   Over  the 3-year monitoring  period,  the  TDS level
and the concentrations of associated dissolved  constituents have  fluctuated as
the quantity of  supernate  increased or decreased as a  result of  weather (Fig-
ure 49).   Sulfate  is  the  major  dissolved constituent,  followed  by  calcium.
Chloride has been virtually depleted in the supernate  since  approximately one
year after pond filling.

          A plot  of Pond B leachate and supernate  concentration  with precipi-
tation  as  a function  of time  is  given  in Figure  50.   As  described  in  Sec-
tion 8.1.2 for Pond D,  it  is assumed that  the  leachate concentrations are not
affected  by  supernate  concentrations,  but with one  exception:    As  shown in
Figure  50,  the supernate  and  leachate  concentrations  converged  to  an equal
value  in  May 1976.   It  is  believed that  because of a  coring  accident during
which a large pit was  excavated in  the vicinity of the leachate well, a break-
through in  the  sludge occurred  and  allowed a  direct  flow of supernate to the
leachate well.  As  a  result,  a  new  leachate well was installed at  the opposite
end  of  the pond,  and,  as   shown  in  Figure 50,  the  leachate  concentration re-
turned  to the level  that  existed  prior to the breakthrough.    It is assumed
that the rupture  repaired  itself  because later in 1975 the leachate concentra-
tions  in the original well  decreased  to about  the same level  as before the
rupture.

          The  TDS concentration in the  leachate of Pond B has been relatively
constant  at about  2800 mg/fc during the  3 years  the  pond has  been evaluated
(Figure 51).   The concentration  of the  six  minor species monitored  in the
leachate  have  not  shown   significant   changes throughout  the  3-year period
(Figure 52).

8.2.2      Pond C Water Analyses

           The  groundwater  wells monitored at Pond C have  shown results  typical
of  the other  groundwater  wells  at the  site.   Except for  a  brief  period  in
 1975,  the level  of TDS has remained close to 400 mg/£, and the major  dissolved
constituents  have  likewise  shown  no unusual  trends  or concentrations  (Fig-
ure 53).   The  six minor species being monitored also  showed  no unusual  concen-
 trations.   Therefore,  it  appears  that  the  sludge  in  Pond C has had no effect
on the groundwater.

           The  supernate in Pond C  shows a typical  weather-induced fluctuation
 in the TDS  concentration  and  major  constituents  (Figure 54).   The TDS  level
 reached a  peak  of approximately 4500 mg/Z. (one-half  the concentration of the
 input  liquor)  one year after pond filling.  Since  that  time  the  concentrations
 of the repetitive peaks have gradually  decreased.   Chloride  has  been virtually
 depleted since May 1977 (2 years after  pond filling),  leaving  sulfate and cal-
 cium as the major dissolved  constituents.
                                        99

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                       60001-
                       5000
                   ~L 4000
o

t—



I
LU
C_)

O
o
o
                       3000
                       2000
    1000
                                                             	   _                        	    pi        I

                           . . I  I 1 1  I I  I 1 I  I I  I I  I I  I I I  I I  I I V*\ UTi M>fybw-1 I  i I  I •O*^-vi-q%«--»-gXi(-i^^
-------
                          1976
1977
1978
Figure 50.  Concentration of TDS in Pond B leachate and supernate with
            rainfall.

-------
o
ro
             OIL
                6000|-
                 5000 -
                4000 -
                3000 -
INPUT LIQUOR IDS BEFORE TREATMENT = 5685 mg/l
             o  2000
                 1000 _
                                                     TDS
                     JFMAMJJASONOJ FMAMJJ ASONOJFMAMJJASONDJ FMAMJJ ASONDJ FMAMJJASONDJ


                           1974      I       1975      I      1976      I      1977      I       1978
                                Figure 51.  Concentration of TDS and major species in Pond B

                                             leachate.

-------
                                                                         ARSENIC
                                                                          I WON
                                                                          I €00
                                                                         nERCURT
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
  Figure 52.  Concentration of minor species in Pond B leachate.

-------
   1000

    900

    800

*.  700
 E*
_,-  600
o
<  500

£  400
o
°  300

    200

    100
                                                                    v IDS
                                                                    O Cl
                                                                    A SO
JFMAMJJASONDJFMAMJJASONDJFMAMjJASONDJFMAMJJASONDJ FMAMJJASONDJ
      1974
                             1975
1976
1977
1978
          Figure 53.  Concentration of TDS and major  species in Pond C
                       groundwater.

-------
o
Ul
                     6000.-
                     3000
                 7-L  4000
                 5 3000
                 Q£

                 UJ


                 o 2000
1000
                                       I     ^
                         I I  I I I I  I I I  I I I  I I I I  I I I  I I I I
                                                                         IDS
                       'JFMAMJJASONDJ FMAMJJ ASONOJ FMAMJJASONDJFMAMJJASONDJ  FMAMJJASONDJ

                              1974      I      1975      I      1976      I      1977      I       1978
                             Figure 54.   Concentration of TDS and major species in Pond C
                                          supernate.

-------
          The  IDS concentration  in the leachate  of Pond C  reached  a maximum
shortly  after  pond filling in April  1975  of  4700  mg/Jl (approximately one-half
that of  the input liquor).   Since that time  the  IDS  concentration has gradu-
ally decreased until,  in mid-1978,  it  had dropped  to 2500 mg/Jl (Figure 55).
Chloride  is very  nearly depleted, and  sulfate and  calcium are at  levels  of
1500 and  800 mg/Jl, respectively.   Of the  six  minor species monitored, arsenic
lead, magnesium,  mercury, and selenium  have  all  remained  at essentially con-
stant concentrations, whereas  boron has  shown a slight decreasing trend during
the last  six months  of  the monitoring period  (Figure 56).

8.2.3.    Pond E  Water  Analyses

          Monitoring of the  groundwater  wells for  Pond E began in August 1974,
some 4 months  prior  to  pond filling.  The  results through June 1978 show that
the  TDS  concentration  and  the concentrations of   dissolved  constituents have
remained  at constant  levels throughout  (Figure 57).    The  six  minor species
show no  unusual  concentrations  or  trends.    It can  be  concluded,  therefore,
that the  sludge in Pond E has  had  no  discernible effect on the groundwater.

          The  supernate  on  Pond  E was  sampled and analyzed starting several
months after pond filling in  February  1975 and continuing  until the pond was
closed  in  November  1977.   During that  time  the  TDS concentration,  and  the
concentrations  of  the   dissolved   constituents,   varied  with  weather,  as  is
typical  of  supernate  (Figure  58).   The  peak  levels  reached by the  TDS con-
centration  during that  time was approximately 2600 mg/Jl, or about  40% of the
TDS  concentration in the input liquor.   When the pond  was closed,  the  TDS
concentration  had dropped  to approximately   1200  mg/Jl,  and the chloride  was
virtually depleted.   The six minor  species in  the  supernate did not show un-
usual concentrations or trends during that time.

          The leachate  in Pond E exhibited a  rapid increase in the  TDS concen-
tration after pond filling reaching a peak of 3400 mg/Jl, or about half the TDS
concentration in  the  input liquor  (Figure  59).  The TDS level fluctuated after
that time and at  the time of pond  closure  in  November 1977 remained at approx-
imately  3100 mg/Jl.   There  has been  very  little   seepage  since  the  pond  was
closed,  but  on  a  sample   taken   in  March  1978   the  TDS   concentration  was
3800 mg/Jl.   The  sodium  content  in the  leachate has been monitored  since  the
pond was filled (since  sodium was  used in  the  chemical treatment process),  and
the sodium  concentration  has steadily decreased- since  April 1975, from a level
of  1000  mg/Jl  to  less  than  100 rag/A  when  the  pond was  closed  in  1977  (Fig-
ure 59).  The six  minor  species in the leachate stayed at essentially constant
concentrations  through   the  3-year  period the pond  was  in operation  (Fig-
ure 60).

8.3       TREATED  SLUDGE  CORE ANALYSES

          During  this reporting period two sets of core samples  were obtained
from each of  the   three  ponds  containing chemically treated  sludge.   The sam-
ples were subjected  to  laboratory  tests  to investigate  both the physical and
chemical  characteristics  of  their respective  leachates.  The methods  used  to


                                      106

-------
                    6000 r-
                           AVERAGE INPUT LIQUOR IDS  BEFORE TREATMENT - 9530 mg/I
o
-4
                      0
                       J fMAMJ J AS ONOJ FMA

                             1974      I     1975
1976
1977
F MAMJ J A S 0 N DJ

    1978
                               Figure 55.  Concentration of TDS and major species in Pond C
                                           leachate.

-------
              too. ooon,
o
oo
               10. OOOfl
                t.OOOfl
                . toon
             rv
             CK
             Ul
C3
n
^x

2
O
              
-------
o
VO
                 1000


                  900


                  800


               -M  700

               I*
                . 600
               O£
               o
               o
500


400


300


200


100
                     JFMAMJJASONDJFMAMJJASONDJFMAMJJASONOJFMAMJJASONDJ FMAMJJASONDJ

                           1974      I      1975      I      1976      |      1977      I      1978
                               Figure 57.  Concentration of TDS and major species in Pond E
                                           groundwater.

-------
o


<



LU
O

g
O
6000 r-
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
   0
                                                                  IDS
    JFMAMJJASONDJ FMAMJJ ASONDJ FMAMJJASONDJFMAMJJASONDJ FMAMJJASONOJ


          1974       I      1975      |      1976      |       1977      |       1978
        Figure 58.  Concentration of TDS and major species in Pond E

                     supernate.

-------
   6000
    3000
^i 4000
 I1
o
I—
o
   3000
   2000
   1000
     0
                          AVERAGE  INPUT LIQUOR IDS
                          BEFORE TREATMENT • 6245 mg//
                                                                            v TDS
                                                                            O Cl
                                                                            * SO,
                                                                            a Na
                                                                POND RETIRED
                                                                11/11/77
         i i  i i i  i i i  i i
      JFMAMJJ  ASONDJFMAMJJASONDJFMAMJJASONDJFMAMJJ ASONDJFMAMJJASONDJ
             1974      |       1975      I       1976      I      1977      I        1978
           Figure 59.  Concentration of TDS and major species in Pond E
                        leachate.

-------
100.0000,
 io. oooa
 I.OOOfl
                                          \
                                                                                  X
                                                                                 _P1
                                                         ftRSENIC
                                                          BORON
                                                           ItftO
                                                         MEPCUPT
                                                         QPI t MI in
                                                                    *	x—K
             1974
1975
1976
1977
                                                                                   njjftsoNOJ
1978
            Figure 60.  Concentration of minor species in Pond E leachate.

-------
conduct these  tests  are  described in Appendix B.  The  results of the measure-
ments made on  these  samples are discussed  in  the  following paragraphs.

          Tests  were conducted  to determine  the permeability,  moisture con-
tent,  wet  and  dry  density, and  unconfined  compressive  strength of  the core
samples obtained  from Ponds B, C,  and  E.   Permeability coefficients determined
recently ranged from 3.7 x 10~^  cm/sec for  Pond B,  to 2.9  *  10   cm/sec for
Pond C, and  5.6 x 10   cm/sec for  Pond E  although extremes  of 2.1 x 10   and
3.2 x  10   cm/sec were  recorded  in previous  years (see Table  16).  The  recent
values  were  within  the  range  of  results  obtained previously for these  ponds,
thereby  indicating  no  apparent  time-dependent  trends  in   the permeability
coefficient  of these chemically  treated sludges.   It should be  noted that the
laboratory  permeability  tests are conducted  in selected  samples  which are
chosen to  be  as  crack-free as  possible  in order to maintain consistency and
continuity in  the test  results.   However,  in the  field the sludge contained  in
a  multi-acre pond will  be subject to the  effects  of heavy  equipment  operations
and  other  factors,  which  could  cause   cracks   and  voids  to  form,  thereby
reducing   the   impermeability of  these   materials.    The   actual   reduction
realized,  of course, is a function of  the specific conditions at a  particular
site.

           Typical solids content  for  the  cored materials  from the  three ponds
 tested were  44% for Pond B, 63%  for Pond C, and  50%  for Pond E.

           Bulk densities in the as-sampled wet condition  for Ponds  B, C, and E
 were  approximately  1.37,  1.52,  and 1.37 g/cc, respectively.  For  Ponds B,  C,
 and E, dry bulk densities were 0.63, 0.94, and 0.68  g/cc,  respectively.

           As  shown  in  Table  16,  the results  of   tests for unconfined compres-
 sive  strength of samples  taken  from  treated  sludges  are as  follows:   Pond B
 showed values between  10 and  84 psi;  Pond C,   between   90  and 996 psi;  and
 Pond E, between  24  and  260 psi.   Results of  in-situ tests of ultimate bearing
 capacity made in August 1977 with a  field-type  penetrometer  are  shown in Ta-
 ble 12.  The  low bearing capacity  results  on the top layer of Pond B were very
 likely caused by freeze-thaw  effects  because the surface  of  the  pond was with-
 out supernate from the  first week of November   1976 through  the  last  week of
 February  1977,  and weather data  recorded  during those months show 74  freeze-
 thaw  cycles  during a  period  of  120  days, or 62%  of  the total days.   A con-
 tributing factor to the  effects  of freeze-thaw cycling on Pond  B sludge  is  its
 relatively  low solids  content,  44%,   which  is  the lowest of the three  chemi-
 cally treated materials.

           The results  of other physical  characterization testing conducted on
 chemically  treated  sludges since 1975 are summarized in Table 16.

 8.4       SOIL ANALYSES

           To  determine  a profile of seepage  in   the  soil  below the  sludge
 layer, chemical  analyses were conducted  on soil  samples  at  1, 3,  and 9 in.  be-
 low  the  sludge  in  each of three ponds (D,  C, and  E) and at  equivalent depths


                                        113

-------
TABLE 16.  PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF IMPOUNDED TREATED SLUDGE CORES




Pond
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
C
C
C
C
C
C



Coring
Date
5/29/75
6/12/75
7/30/75
1/14/76
7/7/76
3/15/77
9/28/77
5/29/75
6/12/75
1/14/76
7/7/76
3/15/77
9/27/77


Solids
Content,
wt %
51
42
44
46
44
44
45
63
59
61
62
62
64


Density,
g/cm3
(wet)
1.43
1.40
1. 30
1. 37
--
1.36
1.35
1.69
1.42
1.50
1.50
1.50
1.52
Unconfined
Compressive
Strength,
lb/in2
(wet)
62
30
28
84
35
10
29
462
321
40
225
90
996

V
Density
g/cm3
(dry)
0.73
0.61
0. 56
0.63
—
0.63
0.61
1.07
0. 80
0.91
0.93
0.93
0.97

Porosity
void
fraction
(volumetric)
0.71
0.76
0.77
0.75
--
_ _
__
0.58
0.68
0.64
— —
_ _
--


Permeability
Coefficient,
cm/sec

6.9 x 10"5
1.4 x 10"4
3.8 x 10"5
2. 1 x 10~4
--
3.7 x 10"5
5.5 x 10"5
5.5 x 10"7
3.2 x 10"7
5.2 x 10"5
5.6 x 10"5
2.4 x 10"6

-------
TABLE 16.  PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF IMPOUNDED TREATED SLUDGE CORES
            (Continued)




Pond
E
E
E
E
E
E
E



Coring
Date
2/27/75
2/27/75
7/29/75
1/14/76
7/7/76
3/15/77
9/27/77


Solids
Content,
wt %
49
— —
_ *
52
49
53
48


Density,
g/cm-3'
(wet)
1.43
— —
— _
1.43
1.33
1.30
1.34
Unconfined
Compressive
Strength,
lb/in2
(wet)
118
_ _
• •»
24
260
— —
37


Den sity
g/cm^
(dry)
0.71
— V
...
0.74
0.63
0.69
0.65

Porosity
void
fraction
(volumetric)
0.72
— .
* —
0.70
— —
_—
--


Permeability
Coefficient
cm/sec
1.5 x 10"5
2. 7 x 10"5
9.3 x 10"5
1.2 x 10"5
1.5 x 10"5
1.6 x 10"6
1.1 x 10"4

-------
 from  a point in  the  general vicinity of  these  ponds  to serve as control sam-
 ples.   Single  cores  from  each pond were  taken using  Shelby tubes, approxi-
 mately  2 years after  project  initiation,  at which  time it  was  believed  the
 leachate  had  penetrated the subsoil to a depth of approximately one  foot.   The
 purpose  was  to determine which chemical  constituents  (if  any)  of  the sludge
 were  retained in  the  soil.   This  alone  is not a quantitative analysis but  may
 serve .at  a  later  date  as input information to assist in determining  the poten-
 tial  for  attenuation of  sludge constituents in  the  soil  during seepage.   The
 test procedures are given in Appendix B.

          The results   show  that  concentrations  at  1,   3, and 9 in.  below  the
 sludge and  at comparable depths in the control samples  indicate no significant
 variations  in values  with respect  to these  locations.   Therefore, single val-
 ues are given for each  sample (Table 17) (see raw data  in Appendix B).  During
 the approximately 2-year period of  soak time  between  pond initiation and core
 sampling, Pond D  was  totally saturated; Pond  E  had  a  sump at one end and sur-
 face  water  intermittently;   and  Pond C  had  surface  water  intermittently  and
 seepage through bore holes  and cracks.   Using a coefficient of permeability of
 5 x 10"'  cm/sec   for the soil, it  is reasonable to  assume  that  the soil  was
 saturated through the  first  foot.   The data  show a  buildup of sulfate,  chlo-
 ride, and calcium by  a factor  of  3  over background,  mercury by a factor of 2
 and arsenic by  a  factor  of  1.5.   It is known that  iron and lead are retained
 in  soil;  however,  this  is  not evident  in these data because  the trace  quan-
 tities  of these  elements in the  leachate are  insignificant  when compared to
 the background  concentrations  in  the control sample.   The  sensitivity of  the
 test  equipment  was such that  no  determination  could  be  made  for  cadmium or
 selenium.   The  conclusion  is  that  there is  some  retention  of some of   the
 sludge constituents in the soil,   thereby  tending to  reduce  the concentrations
 in  the  seepage.   The  net  impact  of this on  the  quality  of the  seepage  to
 groundwater cannot  be determined  from these data.

 8.5       CLIMATOLOGICAL  AND  HYDROLOGICAL  DATA

          Daily measurements of  rainfall,  evaporation, wind,  and temperature
have been taken since  1975 at the  pond  site.   Only  the cumulative weekly  rain-
 fall  data are being  reported  here.   These data were  plotted  for  the  period
 from  April  1975  to September  1976  and reported in  Reference 2.   Data  from
August 1976 through June  1978 are  reported here, as  shown in Figure 61.

          Weekly  measurements were made of  the  depths  of water  in the  ponds
 leachate  wells, and groundwater wells.  As shown in Figures  61  and 62,  there
 is  a  correlation  of  the water levels  in the  leachate wells  with  precipita-
 tion.    No  precipitation data  were  taken  from  late  in December  1977  through
early February  1978 because  of severe  winter  weather  conditions.   However,
photographic  records of the  site  show a heavy snow  layer  on the ground during
 that time.   The  melting  of  this  snow layer is  reflected  in  the leachate well
water depth data  in the  following  weeks  even  though  the records show that pre-
cipitation during that  time was not  more than 0.1 to  0.2 in./week.
                                     116

-------
           TABLE 17. ANALYSIS OF SHAWNEE POND SITE SOIL CORES FOR RETENTION
                      OF A MAJOR AND MINOR SPECIES DUE TO SLUDGE SEEPAGEa
Source
Control
Pond C
Pond D
Pond E
Moisture, %
(Wet Sediment)
15
17
19
20
Concentration in Dry Sediment
so4, %
0.005
0.015
0.034
0.045
Cl, %
0.007
0.035
0.020
0.010
Fe, %
1.63
1.73
1.13
1.81
Ca, %
0.05
0. 16
0.25
0.22
Cd, ppm
<0. 05
<0. 05
<0. 05
<0. 05
Pb, ppm
8.7
9.5
8.6
10.6
As, ppm
8.9
12.3
7.8
13.5
Hg, ppm
0.012
0.019
0.030
0.030
^Analysis by B. J. Presley, Texas A&M, August 1977.

-------
             363 rr
00
            POND E DISCONTINUED
                  11/15/77
                                                                                 O  POND B
                                                                                 A  POND C
                                                                                 D  POND E
                                                                           NO DATA TAKEN
                                                                           DUE TO WEATHER
             8/24/76  10/26/76   1/4/77
3/15/77    5/24/77    8/2/77    10/11/77    12/20/77   2/28/78
              CALENDAR  DATE
5/9/78 6/27/78
                           Figure 61.  Comparison of precipitation and leachate well water  level
                                        in Ponds B, C, and E.

-------
\o
               361FWATER LEVEL  PRECIPITATION
             §2
             o>
359
                   f-  °  POND A

                   i  O  POND D
                                                                                    NO DATA TAKEN

                                                                                    DUE TO WEATHER
              349


              8/24/76   10/26/76    1/4/77     3/15/77
                                     5/24/77     8/2/77    10/11/77

                                          CALENDAR DATE
12/20/77   2/28/78     5/9/78  6/27/78
                         Figure 62.  Precipitation as a function of water level in Ponds A and D.

-------
                                  SECTION IX

                           DISPOSAL  COST ESTIMATES
9.1       BASE CONDITIONS

          The costs  for  various FGD waste  sludge disposal alternatives  are a
function of  many variables  including  plant  location,  plant  size,  combustion
characteristics,  type  of  fuel  burned, annual  operating hours,  disposal site
lifetime, scrubber efficiency,  limestone absorbent  utilization, average annual
capital charges, cost of land,  depreciation of  land and equipment, dollar base
year, and distance  from power  plant to  disposal site.   Table 18 lists values
used for these variables in  this analysis.

          Cost  estimates  for  six  cases  were  derived  from  vendor  estimates,
previous Aerospace  work,  and  other literature  on  this  subject,  assuming  two
500-MWe  coal-fired  units.   The six cases  examined are  variations of two base
cases.   Table 19 is a  summary of  the two  base case outputs  for a limestone
scrubber and  a  similar  scrubber in which the sludge  is oxidized to gypsum; it
is based on a model  derived  in  a  previous  study (Ref. 15).  The costs for var-
ious disposal techniques are made using the  quantities  and costs for specific
equipment  and material  for  each variation.   Costs  for  equipment and factors
used to  estimate  the total cost are given  in Table  20.

9.2       UNTREATED SLUDGE,  INDIGENOUS LINER

           In  this option,  the  limestone scrubber  base  conditions  apply.  As
can  be  seen  in  Table 19, the 30-yr average output of sludge  is  500 acre-ft/yr.
The  ponds are  constructed  in  indigenous   soil  with earthen  berms.   The  side
slopes  of  the berms are 2:1 (horizontal:  vertical).  A sludge depth of 30 ft
is used for  all  ponds,  and a  3-ft freeboard is allowed.   Outside and  inside
berms  have a top width of  20  and  10 ft,  respectively.   Total land area  re-
quired  to  construct the site is 542 acres, including land  needed for berms and
road beds.   Figure  63  shows a sketch of this pond.

           The sludge is slurried  to the site from the  power plant via a pipe-
 line system  consisting  of one 8-in.  pipe  which carries the  waste  to  the pond
and one 6-in.  pipe which returns  water  to the plant.   Redundancy  is supplied
 by an additional 8-in.  pipe,  one  6-in. pipe,  and attenant  pumps;  centrifugal
 pumps  are used.    Table 21  lists  the  costs  associated  with this  option.
 Table 22 shows the results of  this  cost estimate in  mills per kilowatt hour,
                                       121

-------
            TABLE  18.  SUMMARY OF BASE CONDITIONS
           Items
       Base Condition
Dollar Base

Plant Characteristics


Coal Burned
Annual Operating Hours


Plant Disposal Site Lifetime

SO2 Removal

Sludge Generated
Limestone Utilization


Annual Capital Charges, 30-yr
Average

Coat of Land Used for Disposal

Disposal Site
Mid-1980

Two 500 MWe units, 0. 75-Ib
coal/kWh

3. 5%  sulfur

12, 000 Btu/lb

14% fly ash

4250 hr, w/48.5% capacity
factor for 30-yr life (average)

30 yr

90%

2. 4 x 105 x 2 = 4. 8 x 105 tons/yr
dry (general case) (Table  19)

2. 45 x 105  x 2 = 4. 9 x  105 tons/yr
drY (gypsum case) (Table  19)

80%,  limestone case; 100%,
gypsum case
17%

$5000/acre

Within 1 mile of plant
                               122

-------
     TABLE  19.
                    SUMMARY OF BASE  CASE OUTPUTS:
                    OUTPUT FORMAT FOR LIME AND
                    LIMESTONE SCRUBBER
 CMC  I- MOCKS TITLES AND OFT1ONS
 • SULFUR  FUEL.ITU   FUEL %   CAPACITY
  IK FUEL   PER LB     ASH        NW

SULF1TE-   DENSITY.   SODA ASH   PLANT
TO SULFATE MET WASTE HARE UP  OPERATING
 RATIO     Lt/PTJ        »      HOURS
                                        FUEL BTU ABSORBENT % 802 HEM  % HOIST
                                        PER KWH  DTI 1.1*    BY SCRUB.   IN NST
 OUTPUT I
BURNED.
  T/H

  ASH
 FORMED
  T/H
 TOTAL
SULFUR
  T/H

 PREC1P
 C«C03
   T/H
                       •02      S02     ABSORBENT   602       S02       S02
                      FORKED   REMOVED    OSED    EMISSIONS EMISSIONS LB/H BTU
                       T/H      T/H        T/H     T/B       LB/H
C«S03      C*S04     % ASR
 T/H        T/H    DRY WASTE
                                                              % C»803   % C«S04
                                                    DRY HASTE DRY WASTE DRY WASTC
   TOTAL     TOTAL    TOTAL      TOTAL   TOTAL WET  TOTAL WET  TOTAL
  DRY WASTE  WET  WASTE DRY WASTE WET WASTE  VOL.FT*/  VOL.ACRE   BTU/HP
    T/H       T/H       T/Y       T/Y      YEAR       FEET
            LIMESTONE SCRUBBER
     3.SO    12000.      14.00       500.
    .Oil.     18.tO       0.0      42SO.
                                          9000.
                                                    • 0.00
                                                    • 0.00
                                                                        SO.00
OUTPUT!
  1*7.500
   26.250
   S6.6se
             «.562     13.125    11.112    23.071
             4.614     17.$57     7.137    46.331
           113.316  2.40SE  OS 4.S16E OS 1.0I7E 07
                                          1.311     2C2S.     O.SS3
                                          1.144    31.Sit    14.008
                                        249.S67 4.SOOE 09
            LIMESTONE SCRUBBER
      3.SO     12000.     14.00      500.
    3.Oil.      1C.60      0.0      7000.
                                           •000.
                                                    •0.00     »0.00
                                                                        SO.00
 OOTPOTi
   117.500
    26.250
    56.658
             6.562    13.125    11.112    23.071
             4.614    n.»S7     ?.»37    46.111
           111.316 l.MCE 05 7.M2E 05 1.7I1C  07
                                           1.313     2625.     0.513
                                           ••144    31.511    14.DOS
                                         411.052  4.SOOt 01
      1.50
   C.Otl.
           SLUDGE FORCE-OXIDIZED TO GYPSUM
           LIMESTONE KRUtBE*
            12000.      14.00       SOO.     »000.
             •7.16       0.0     4250.
                                         100.00     »0.00
                                                   35.00
 OUTPUTi
   1(7.500
    26.250
    57.196
             6.S62    13.125    11.M2    1I.4S7
             0.0       0.0      31.746    45.262
            •9.225 2.465E 05 3.7»2C 05  S.6I1E 06
                                           1.313     2625.     0.513
                                           0.0       0.0      S4.73B
                                         lt>.2*«  4.500C 0*
      l.SO
    O.Oil.
           KLUDGE FORCE-OXIDIZED TO GYPSUM
            LIMESTONE SCRUBBER
             12000.      14.00       SOO.     tOOO.
              •7.16       0.0       7000.
                                          100.00     »0.00
                                                    35.00
    H7.500
    16.250
    S7.»»6
              «.S62    13.125    11.112    H.457
              0.0       0.0      11.746    4S.2C2
             ••.225 4.060E OS 4.246E IS  1.410E 07
                                           1.113     2625.     O.SM
                                           ••0       0.0      S4.73I
                                          •21.256 4.SOOC Ot
                                       123

-------
         TABLE 20.  COMPONENT COSTS
Unit, Process,
  or Operation
  Cost
   Ref.
                      Capital Costs
Earthwork
Clearing
Rip-Rap
Lining (Hypalon-30 or
  Equivalent) Installed
Sand
Gravel
Pumps:
  Limestone Case
    Water
    Slurry
  Gypsum Case
    Water
    Slurry
Pipes
  6-in. Diam.
  8-in. Diam.
Electrical Equipment
Instruments:
  Underdrained System
Building s
Fence
Gypsum Oxidation  Equipment
  Compressors
  Tanks
Land
Engineering
Contingency
Miscellaneous
Startup and Modification
Interest During Construction
$1.50/yd
$500/acre
$20/yd2

$4.98/yd2
$4/ton
$4/ton
$34, 010
$118, 140

$128, 880
$408, 120

$12. 74/ft
$17. 14/ft
$81, 740
$115,900
$35/flow meter
$63,440
$12.20/ft

$633,606
$14, 692
$5,000/acre
10%
12%
0.5%
6.7%
16%
   16
   16
   16

   21
Conrock of
Los Angeles
   17
   17

   17
   17

Imperial Pipe
and Hood Corp.
   18
   18
   22
   18
   18

   17
   17
   19
   19
   23
                       Annual Costs
Maintenance
Power
Labor and Supervision
Analysis
4% capital equip.     18,  19
$0.029/kWhr        18,  19
$17.05/hr           20
$17.00/hr           19
                          124

-------









{

s. /

(interior area)
in
s
i-H


{ >


1 1 1
i i
! ! !
AREA DIVIDED INTO FIVE
EQUAL 100- acre PONDS
EXCLUDING AREA FOR BERMS
TOTAL AREA - 542 acres
I 1
i
1
I
i
I
1
1
1
1
1

1


H
f
M
0








•••
— *
1





           972
                            -4861ft-
                          (a) PLAN VIEW
(b) TYPICAL PERIMETER BERM::               ' (c) TYPICAL INTERIOR BERM*
                          «• Not to scale
    Figure 63.  Limestone sludge pond:   100-acre pond area.
                                125

-------
      TABLE 21.  COST ESTIMATE FOR UNTREATED POND,
                  INDIGENOUS LINER
                       (Five 100-Acre Ponds)
 Capital Costs
 Construction
   Clearing (542. 5 acres @ $500/acre)                $    271,000
   Cut/Embankment (3, 771, 205 yd3 @ $1. 50/yd3)         5, 660, 000
   Rip-Rap (30, 263 yd2 @ $20/yd2)                         605, 000
 Equipment
   Process (pumps)                                       304,000
   Pipes (2-mi  8-in.  pipe and 2-mi 6-in. pipe)            316, 000
   Electrical                                               82,000
   Instrumentation                                        116,000
   Building/Fencing (19, 493-ft fence )                      301, 000
Total Capital Costs plus Equipment                      7,660,000
Engineering  (10%)                                         766,000
Miscellaneous Services (0.5%)                              38,300
                                                        8,460, 000
Contingency  (12%)                                       1,020,000
                                                        9,480, 000
Startup and Modification Allowance (6. 7%)                  635, 000
Interest During Construction (16%)                       1,520,000
Land (542.5 acres @ $5000/acre)                         2,710,000
                                        Total        $  14,300,000
Operations & Maintenance (O&M) Costs
First Year O&M Costs:
   Maintenance (4% of capital equipment)             $      45, 000
   Power                                                  18, 000
   Labor and Supervision                                  149, 000
   Analysis  (1000 hr @ $17/hr)                             17,000
                                                    $     229,000
                                126

-------
         TABLE 22.  COMPUTATION OF LEVELIZED
                      COSTS FOR UNTREATED POND,
                      INDIGENOUS LINER
Average Annual Capital Charges  K  = 0. 17
Life of Installation N = 30
Capital Recovery Factor CRF = 0. 17 |CRF = K/ [l-(l + K)"N]J
Levelized Capital Cost = CRF x Capital Cost = 0. 17 (14, 300, 000) =
   2,430,000

Inflation Rate  g = 0. 07
Average Annual O&M Charges K ' =  0. 09  |K' = (K-g)/(l + g)
O&M Capital Recovery Factor CRF1- = 0. 10  (cRF1 = K'/ ")-(U K')"N]j
Levelized O&M Cost = (O&M cost/CRF' ) x  CRF = 389, 000
Total Levelized Cost = 2, 430, 000 +  389, 000 = 2, 820, 000
$2,820,OOP x 1000
	—     —   ;                              =   $  .66 mills/kWh
  4.25 x 10  kWh
	$2,820, OOP	
        5                                         $ 5.88/ton dry sludge
4.8 x 10  ton dry sludge
                $2,820,000 _
                                              -   $ 1.77/toncoal
 °-75  kWh  X  TOOOlb X  4'25 x 10 kWh
                                                 $14. 30/kW
                                 127

-------
dollars  per  ton of sludge (dry), dollars  per  ton of coal, and capital invest-
ment in  dollars  per kilowatt  hour.

9.3       UNTREATED SLUDGE, PVC  LINED

          This  case  is  very  similar to  the  indigenously  lined pond.   Pond
sizes and other equipment such as pumps and pipes are identical.  There is an
additional  capital cost  of  $12,900,000  for  liner material  (such  as  30-mil
Hypalon  at $4.98/yd ,  installed).  Tables  23 and 24 show the cost computations
and results  for  this  case.

9.4       UNTREATED SLUDGE, UNDERDRAINED

          For  the  underdrain  design, a maximum  pond  section of  about 50 acres
was chosen.  Although  this disposal  technique  can accommodate larger sections,
this size  was chosen  to  simplify the  underdrainage  system,  with an adjacent
pond acting  as  a backup  unit.  In effect,  two ponds would always be available
with separate  but  connecting  plumbing  systems.   When  the first  one is filled
(after  about 2 years) and  capped with  clay,  a  third  pond would be  put  into
service, and  the second  pond  would  become  the primary active unit - and so on
(Figure  64).  With smaller ponds, more  berms are required and, thus, more land
and earthwork.   Compared to  nondrained  ponds,  costs  are  increased  because of
the need for a porous  base (sand, gravel,  and  bottom ash) and additional pipes
and fittings.   With  this  type of system,  under  most conditions  a liner is not
required  even  for  soils  with a  permeability  coefficient as  large as  10~^
cm/sec.   For  this  approach,   then,  the porous  base  completely  dominates the
capital  costs.   Therefore, a  pond designed for a minimum sand bed depth is the
minimum  cost design for this  type of disposal.  The thinner the  porous bed the
greater  the  number of drainage pipes  would   be  required, but because  of the
comparatively  higher   cost of porous bed  compared  to pipe  installation,  the
thinner  bed  appears  to be  more appropriate.   The variation  of  drainage  pipe
spacing  as a  function of  porous bed depth  is  discussed in Section 8.1.7.   Es-
timates  for disposal costs are given in  Tables 25 and  26.

9.5       GYPSUM, INDIGENOUS  LINER

          Two  gypsum   cases were  examined, both slurried  to  a   pond,  one in-
digenously lined and the  other synthetically lined.   For this  alternative, the
sludge  is oxidized  to gypsum  by  means  of  an  integrated forced-oxidation sys-
tem.  A  15% solids slurry is  pumped  to  the disposal  pond where the gypsum set-
tles to  approximately 65% solids.   Since  less  gypsum  sludge  at  65% solids is
produced than  limestone   sludge  at  50%   solids,  a smaller gypsum  pond  size is
required.  A sketch of a  gypsum site is  shown  in Figure 65.  The land area re-
quired  is  443 acres  for  ponds containing  gypsum at  a  depth  of  30  ft.   This
acreage  accounts for berms and road  beds.

          The waste is slurried  to  the  pond through a system  of  four parallel
8-in.  pipes.   Return  water  is piped through  two 8-in. pipes.   Redundancy is
supplied by  six  additional 8-in.,  two-way  pipes.  The other major capital ex-
penditure  in  this  alternative  is   the  cost   of the  oxidation   itself,  e.g.,


                                      128

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     TABLE 23.  COST ESTIMATE FOR UNTREATED POND,
                 SYNTHETIC LINER
                       (Five  100-Acre Ponds)

Capital Costs
Construction
   Clearing (542. 5 acres @ $  500/acre)                  $    271,000
   Cut/Embankment (3, 771, 205 yd3 @ $1. 50 yd3)           5,660,000
   Synthetic Liner (2, 581, 209 yd @ 4. 98/yd2)             12, 900, 000
Equipment
   Process (pumps)                                         304,000
   Pipes (2-mi 8-in. pipe and 2-mi 6-in, pipe)               316,000
   Electrical                                                82,000
   Instrumentation                                          116,000
   Building/Fencing (19,493 ft fence)                        301, 000
                                                        20,000,000
Engineering (10%)                                        2,000,000
Miscellaneous Services (0. 5%)                              100, 000
                                                        22,100,000
 Contingency (12%)                                        2, 650, 000
                                                        24.800, 000
Startup and Modification Allowance (6.7%)                  1,660, 000
Interest During Construction (16%)                         3,970, 000
Land (542.5 acres @  $5000/acre)                           2, 710,000
                                            Total      $33,100,000
 Operations & Maintenance (Q&tM) Costs
 First Year O&M Costs:
   Maintenance (4% of capital equipment)                $     44,800
   Power                                                    18,000
   Labor and Supervision                                    149, 000
   Analysis (1000 hrs @ $17/hr)                              17,000
                                                        $   229,000
                                  129

-------
       TABLE 24. COMPUTATION OF LEVELIZED COSTS
                  FOR UNTREATED POND,  SYNTHETIC
                  LINER
Average Annual Capital Charges K = 0. 17
Life of Installation N = 30
Capital Recovery Factor  CRF = 0. 17
Levelized Capital  Cost -  CRF x Capital Cost = 0. 17 (33, 100, 000)
     5,630, 000

Inflation Rate g  = 0. 07
Average Annual O&M Charges K1  =  0. 09
O&M Capital Recovery Factor CRF*  = 0.10
Levelized O&M  Cost = (O&M cost/CRF1 ) x CRF  = 389, 000
Total Levelized Cost = 5, 630, 000 +  389,000 = 6, 020, 000
  $6, 020. OOP
4.25 x 109 kWh
$ 1.42 mills/kWh
       $6,020,OOP
4.8 x 10 ton dry sludge
                                                 $12.54/ton dry sludge
               $6,020,OOP
      kWh     2000 Ib
                       x 4.25 x IP7 kWh
                                                 $  3.78/ton coal
                                                 $33. 10/kW
                               130

-------






-4
OsJ

1
rr^— 	 -
CO
ra
l/l Q
o> -_
o ^>
LT\ ^

|
f
*-972ft-
i — I ' i
AREA DIVIDED INTO TEN
EQUAL 50- acre PONDS
EXCLUDING AREA FOR BERMS
TOTAL AREA - 542 acres
i
1 I
1
L- J.
r T -r
i
i
i
i

/19M ft ...... . ., _
         20fti
                        (a) PLAN VIEW
                 2:1
SLOPE\
      33ft
                                              H  h-ioft
(b) TYPICAL PERIMETER BERM*               ' (c) TYPICAL INTERIOR BERM*

                          * Not to scale
   Figure 64.  Limestone sludge pond:  50-acre sections for
               underdrainage.
                              131

-------
     TABLE 25.  COST ESTIMATE FOR UNTREATED SLUDGE,
                 UNDERDRAINED POND
                         (Ten 50-Acre Ponds)
 Capital Costs
 Construction
   Clearing (579 acres @ $500/acre)                    $   289,000
   Cut/Embankment (4,472, 543 yd3 @ $1. 50/yd3)          6, 710, 000
   Rip-Rap (32, 300 yd2 @ $20/yd2)                          646, 000
   Sand (1, 149,835 tons  @ $4. 00/ton)                      4, 600, 000
   Gravel (15, 572 tons @ $4. 00/ton)                          62, 300
 Equipment
   Process  (pumps)                                         304, 000
   Pipes ($434,222 for underdrain + 2-mi, 8-in.  pipe)
      and 2-mi 6-in.  pipe)       •                           750,000
   Electrical                                                82, 000
   Instrumentation (10 flow meters included)                 117, 000
   Building/Fencing (20, 101  ft)                             309, 000
                                                        13,900, 000
 Engineering (10%)                                        1,390,000
Miscellaneous Services (0. 5%)                               69, 500
                                                        15,400, 000
Contingency (12%)                                        1,850,000
                                                        17,300, 000
Startup and Modification Allowance (6.7%)                 1, 160, 000
Interest During Construction (16%)                         2, 770, 000
Land (579 acres @ $5000/acre)                            2, 900,000
                                             Total      $24, 100, 000
                               132

-------
     TABLE 25.  COST ESTIMATE FOR  UNTREATED SLUDGE,
                 UNDERDRAINED POND (Continued)
                          (Ten 50-Acre Ponds)
Operations & Maintenance (O&M Costs)
First Year O&M Costs:
   Maintenance (4% of capital equipment)                    $ 62, 500
   Power                                                   18,000
   Labor and Supervision                                   149, 000
   Analysis (1000 hrs@ $17/hr)                              17,000
                                                          $247,000
                                 133

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                                TABLE 26
              COMPUTATION OF LEVELIZED COSTS FOR
                UNTREATED SLUDGE, UNDERDRAINED
 Average Annual Capital Charges K = 0. 17
 Life of Installation N = 30
 Capital Recovery Factor CRF = 0. 17
 Levelized Capital Cost = CRF x Capital Cost = 0. 17 (24, 100, 000) = 4, 100, 000

 Inflation Rate g = 0. 07
 Average Annual O&M  Charges K1 = 0. 09
 O&M Capital Recovery Factor CRF1  = 0. 10
 Levelized O&M Cost = (O&M cost/CRF* ) x CRF = 420, 000
 Total Levelized Cost = 4, 100, 000 + 420, 000 = 4, 520, 000

   $4, 520,000                              =     1.06 mills/kWh
 4.25 x 109kWh

	$4, 520,000	                    =    $9. 42 /ton dry sludge
 4. 8 x 10  ton dry sludge
°'75       x
$4,520, OOP	=    $ 2. 84/ton coal

                                   $24. 10 /kW
                                  134

-------
               100 acres
               (interior area)
                             \
AREA DIVIDED INTO
FOUR EQUAL 100-acre
PONDS  EXCLUDING
AREA FOR BERMS

TOTAL AREA - 443 acres
                               1  F
                  ..5ft-
           .5ft-
                             -43931
                          (a) PLAN VIEW
                             m

                             KT
(b) TYPICAL PERIMETER BERM*               ' (c) TYPICAL INTERIOR BERM*

                           * Not to scale
    Figure 65.  Gypsum sludge pond:  100-acre pond area.
                                  ''

-------
compressors,  tanks,  and  lines:    $5,025,943.    Some  cost is  saved  by  the
reduction  in land  requirement  because the  material is disposed  of  with less
water  than in the  limestone  system.   The estimates  for the disposal cost for
gypsum  sludge slurried to a  pond  with indigenous  liner is  given in Tables 27
and 28.

9.6        GYPSUM,  LINED

           This case is similar  to  the other  gypsum case with the addition of a
$9,810,000  capital  investment  to  install a liner  at  $A.98/yd2.   This addi-
tional  cost  is  offset slightly  by a reduction  of  $438,000  because rip-rap is
not included  as in  the first  gypsum  case.  Tables 29 and 30  contain the result
of this gypsum disposal option  cost  estimate.

9.7        CHEMICAL  TREATMENT

           Costs for chemical  treatment  were  taken from a 1976 Aerospace report
(Ref. 1)  and adjusted to  mid-1980  values.   Three systems  were  estimated  in
this work.   Table 31 summarizes the  average results  for  this  disposal alter-
native.  A major difference between  this method  and the underdrain approach is
that only  one large site is needed for  chemically  treated sludge  since  the
treated material  behaves   like  a  low-grade  concrete;  thus,  it  has  structural
properties and does not  necessarily  require earthen  berms to  contain it.  One
large site reduces  land  requirements by  about  11%,  thereby lowering  initial
investment.

9.8        COST COMPARISONS

          The costs for  the  six disposal alternatives  discussed are  listed in
Table 32 in  units  of dollars per  ton of  dry sludge, dollars per  ton of coal
and mills  per kilowatt hour.   Also  listed  is  the capital  cost  comparison in
dollars per  kilowatt hour.   In all  cases,  the  cost of disposal  includes  fly
ash in the sludge.
                                      136

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                              TABLE 27
             COST ESTIMATE FOR SLURRIED GYPSUM
                    (FOUR 100-ACRE PONDS)

Capital Costs
Construction
    Clearing (443  acres @ $500/acre)                        222,000
    Cut/Embankment (3, 310, 439 yd3 @ $1. 50/yd3          4, 970, 000
    Rip-Rap                                               438,000
Equipment
    Process (slurry pumps H- oxidation equipment)          6, 100,000
    Pipes (12-mi  8" pipe)                                 1,090,000
    Electrical                                               82,000
    Instrumentation                                        116,000
    Building/Fencing (17,573 ft)                            278,000
                                                        13,300,000
    Engineering (10%)                                    1,330,000
Miscellaneous Services (0.5%)                              665, OOP
                                                        15,300,000
Contingency (12%)                                        1, 840, OOP
                                                        17, 100, OOP
Startup and Modification Allowance (6. 7%)                 1, 150, 000
Interest During Construction (16%)                        2, 740, 000
Land (443 acres @ $5000/acre)                            2, 220,OOP
                                                        23,200,POO
Operations  & Maintenance (Q&tM) Costs
 1st Year O&M  Costs:
     Maintenance  (4% of capital  equipment)               $   306, 000
     Power                                                 160,000
     Labor  and Supervision                                 149,000
     Analysis (1000 hr @  $17/hr)                              17,000
                                                        $  632,000
                                   137

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                               TABLE 28
              COMPUTATION OF LEVELIZED COSTS FOR
               SLURRIED GYPSUM, INDIGENOUS LINER

Average Annual Capital Charges K = 0. 17
Life of Installation N = 30
Capital Recovery Factor CRF = 0. 17
Levelized Capital  Cost = CRF x Capital Cost = 0. 17 (23, 200, 000)  = 3, 940, 000

Inflation Rate g = 0. 07
Average Annual O&M Charges K ' = 0. 09
O&M Capital Recovery Factor CRF' = 0. 10
Levelized O&M Cost = (O&M cost/CRF1) x CRF = 1,070,000
Total Levelized Cost = 3,940,000 + 1,070,000  = 5,010,000
 $5.010,000
4. 25 x 109 kWh
    $5, 010,OOP
4. 9 x 10  ton dry sludge
          $5,010,000
0.75
 Ib      rt on
kWh X 2000 Ib
x 4. 25 x 107 kWh
  $1.18 mils/kWh


 $10. 22   /ton dry sludge


 $3. 14  /ton coal

$23.20  /kW
                                  138

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                              TABLE 29
              COST ESTIMATE FOR SLURRIED GYPSUM,
                         SYNTHETIC LINER
                      (FOUR 100-ACRE PONDS)
Capital Costs
Construction
    Clearing (443 acres @ $500/acre)                        222,000
    Cut/Embankment (3, 310, 439 yd3 
-------
                              TABLE 30
                COMPUTATION OF LEVELIZED COSTS
             FOR SLURRIED GYPSUM, SYNTHETIC LINER
Average Annual Capital Charges K = 0. 17
Life of Installation N = 30
Capital Recovery Factor CRF = 0. 17
Levelized Capital  Cost = CRF x Capital Cost = 0. 17 (37,000,000) = 6,290,000

Inflation Rate g = 0. 07
Average Annual O&M Charges K1 =  0.09
O&M Capital Recovery Factor   CRF1 = 0. 10
Levelized O&M Cost  - (O&M Cost/CRF ') x CRF =  1, 090, 000
Total Levelized Cost = 6,290,000 4-  1,090,000 = 7,350,000
  $7,380,000
4. 25 x 109 kWh
1. 74 mills/kWh
    $7,380,000
4. 9 x 10 ton dry sludge
         $7,380, OOP
                     x4.25xlO°kWh
                                              $15. 06/ton dry sludge
                                             $4. 63  / ton coal
                                             $37. 00/kW
                                  140

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                             TABLE 31

      CHEMICALLY TREATED SLUDGE DISPOSAL COST UPDATE
                              1977                     1980
Average Annual Cost       9.70/ton dry sludge      11. 83/ton dry sludge
                          1.06 mills/kWh          1. 24 mills/kWh
                          2.95/toncoal             3. 60/ton coal

                              1977                    1980
Capital Investment         $13,595,440             $16,586,436
                          $!3.60/kW              $!6.59/kW
                                  141

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                  TABLE 32
COST COMPARISON OF DISPOSAL, ALTERNATIVES
CASE
Limestone, Indigenous
Pond
Limestone, Hypalon 30
Liner Added
Limestone, Underdrained
Gypsum, Indigenous Pond
Gypsum, Hypalon 30
Liner Added
Chemically Treated
Mills/kWh

0. 66

1.42
1. 06
1. 18

1. 74
1.24

$/Ton(Dry)

5. 88

12. 54
9.42
10. 22

15. 06
11. 83
$/Ton Coal

1. 77

3. 78
2.84
3. 14

4. 63
3. 60
Capital Cost
$/kW

14.30

33.io
24. 10
23.20

37.00
16.59

                     142

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                                REFERENCES
1.   R.  B. Fling, et al., Disposal of  Flue  Gas Cleaning Wastes;  EPA Shawnee
    Field Evaluation:   Initial  Report,  EPA-600/2-76-070, U.S. Environmental
    Protection Agency,  Research Triangle Park, North Carolina  (March 1976).

2.   R.  B. Fling, et al., Disposal  of  Flue  Gas Cleaning Wastes;  EPA Shawnee
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3.   J.  Rossoff, et al., Disposal of By-Products  from Nonregenerable Flue Gas
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4.  J. Rossoff, et al., Disposal of By-Products from Nonregenerable  Flue Gas
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5.  J.  Rossoff  and R.  C. Rossi, Disposal  of  By-Products from Nonregenerable
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    Carolina (May  1974).

 6.   Shawnee, F72113R,  Tennessee Valley Authority, Knoxville,  Tennessee.

 7.  Lime/Limestone Wet-Scrubbing  Test  Results  at the  EPA  Alkali Scrubbing
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 g.   Test Plan, EPA Shawnee Sulfur Scrubbing Waste Disposal  Field  Evaluation,
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 9.   D.  R.  Brunner and  D.  J.  Keller,  Sanitary Landfill  Design and Operation,
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10.  Sanitary  Landfill Operators'  Manual, Iowa  Department of  Environmental
     Quality, (PB  268 708, NTIS) (May  1977).
                                     1A3

-------
11.  M. Muskat, The  Flow of Homogeneous Fluids Through Porous  Media,  McGraw-
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12.  J. A. Shercliff, "Seepage Flow  in  Unconfined  Aquiflers,"  J.F.M.  7l_.  181-
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13.  M. J. Boussinesq, "Note sur  le  mouvement  des  eaux  souteraines,"  Memoires
     a 1"Academic Science de France  23,  242-281 (1877).                     ~

14.  P. W.  Werner,   "On  Non-Artesian Groundwater  Flow,"  Geofis. Pura.  Appl.
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15.  P. P. Leo  and  J. R. Rossoff,  Controlling SO^ Emissions  from  Coal-Fired
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16.  J.  Watson,   Personal  Communication,  Oberg  Construction,  Canoga  Park,
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17.  H. A. Blacker  and  T. M. Nichols,  Capital and Operating  Costs  of Pollu-
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18.  W. A. Duvel, Jr.,  W. R. Gallagher,  R.  G. Knight,  et  al.,  State-of-the-
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19.  J. W. Barrier,  H.  L. Faucett,  and L. J. Hevanr,  "Economics of  Disposal
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20.  Engineering News Record (5 February  1979).

21.  D. Small, Personal Communication,  Universal Linings, Haverford,  Pennsyl-
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22.  Modern Cost Engineering Methods and Data, Chemical Engineering,  McGraw-
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23.  J. Rowe,  Personel Communication, Bank of  America Commercial  Lending,  Los
     Angeles,  California, (213) 683-3464,  25 October  1979.
                                     144

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     APPENDIX A




WATER ANALYSIS  DATA
        145

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POND A SUPERNATE
HELL DESI6
DATE
REC NO.
PH
ALKALINITY
CHLORIDE
COO
COND
TOS
TSS
SULFATE
ARSENIC
BOROU
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MERCURY
SELENIUM
SULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
PSA
741032.0000
100.0000
a. 1000
100.0000
2000.0000
0.0000
6000.0000
7100.0000
la.oooo
1400.0000
.0300
16.0000
2000.0000
< .0100
140.0000
.0005
< .0020
0.0000
0.0000
5556.0425
PSA
741209.0000
120.0000
0.2000
60.0000
980.0000
60.0000
4600.0000
4300.0000
27.0000
1100.0000
.0150
2.2000
1100.0000
< .0100
71.0000
< .0002
< .0020
0.0000
0.0000
3253.2272
PSA
PSA
PSA
PSA
750212.0000 750426.0000 750707.0000 750901.0000
140.0000
8.5000
49.0000
630.0000
24.0000
3200.0000
2800.0000
6.0000
1100.0000
< .0050
8.8000
880.0000
< .0100
48.0000
.0003
< .0020
0.0000
0.0000
2666.8173
160.0000
8.0000
43.0000
250.0000
14.0000
1800.0000
1600.0000
7.0000
570.0000
< .0050
0.0000
480.0000
.0160
20.0000
< .0002
< .OOZO
0.0000
0.0000
1320.0232
180.0000
0.0000
0.0000
300.0000
20.0000
2500.0000
2300.0000
14.0000
810.0000
.0060
5.3000
640.0000
< .0100
21.0000
.0017
.0020
0.0000
16.0000
1792.3197
200.0000
8.2000
34.0000
440.0000
29.0000
3600.0000
3600.0000
6 .0000
1900.0000
.1COO
8.3000
1200.0000
.0200
26.0000
< .0002
< .0020
0.0000
23.0000
3597.4422
PSA
751107.0000
220.0000
8.4000
40.0000
330.0000
38.0000
3700.0000
3500.0000
20.0000
1300.0000
.0190
14.0000
1200.0000
< .0100
34.0000
< .0002
< .0010
0.0000
27.0000
2905.0302
PSA
760106.0000
240.0000
7.7000
36.0000
300.0000
27.0000
1800.0000
1900.0000
31.0000
540.0000
< .0050
0.0000
670.0000
.0230
19.0000
.0014
< .0020
0.0000
20.0000
1549.0314
POND A SUPERNATE
HELL DESIG
DATE
REC NO.
PH
ALKALINITY
CHLORIDE
COD
COND
TDS
TSS
SULFATE
ARSENIC
BORON
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MERCURY
SELENIUM
SULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
PSA
760301.0000
260.0000
7.8000
26.0000
130.0000
58.0000
1500.0000
1500.0000
16.0000
690.0000
< .0100
3.8000
540.0000
< .0100
17.0000
< .0002
< .0040
0.0000
15.0000
1395.8242
PSA
760706.0000
280.0000
7.4000
84.0000
42.0000
32.0000
930.0000
1800.0000
7.0000
320.0000
.0150
2.0000
240.0000
< .0100
12.0000
< .0002
.0030
0.0000
8.9000
624.9262
PSA
770302.0000
300.0000
7.5000
55.0000
74.0000
22.0000
1400.0000
1500.0000
3.0000
820.0000
.0070
3.6000
390.0000
< .0100
17.0000
< .0002
.0080
0.0000
8.6000
1313.2252
PSA
770505.0000
320.0000
6.7000
37.0000
18.0000
10.0000
800.0000
710.0000
1.0000
430.0000
.0060
1.7000
170.0000
< .0100
7.2000
< .0020
< .0020
0.0000
2.6000
629.5200
PSA
771216.0000
340.0000
6.8000
43.0000
5.0000
24.0000
450.0000
300.0000
10.0000
160.0000
< .0020
.2200
98.0000
< .0100
7.6000
< .0002
< .0020
0.0000
3.4000
274.2342
PSA
780316.0000
360.0000
7.3000
78.0000
4.0000
13.0000
460.0000
300.0000
6.0000
86.0000
< .0020
.1400
64.0000
< .0100
4.3000
< .0002
< .OOCO
0.0000
1.8000
160.C542
PSA
780511.0000
380.0000
7.3000
42.0000
5.0000
12.0000
900.0000
720.0000
3.0000
440.0000
.0040
.3800
200.0000
< .0100
8.4000
< .0002
.0020
0.0000
1.9000
655.6962

-------
POND Ik SUPERNATE
	 AEROSPACE 	
HELL OESIS
DATE
REC NO.
FH
ALKALINITY
CHLORIDE
COD
COMO
TOS
TSS
SULFATE
ARSENIC
BOPDM
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MERCURY
SELENIUM
SULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
PSA
741029.0000
400.0000
7.7100
59.0000
1600.0000
0.0000
7800.0000
5650.0000
10.0000
1500.0000
0.0000
22.8000
1480.0000
.09V)
.6000
O.OCOO
0.0000
1.3000
0.0000
4604.7930
PSA
750428.0000
420.0000
7.6800
43.0000
390.0000
50.0000
1800.0000
1540.0000
0.0000
650.0000
.0050
1.9000
540.0000
.1000
4.6000
.0002
.0070
.2000
0.0000
1566.8122
PSA
751103.0000
440.0000
7.1300
41.0000
710.0000
65.0000
3440.0000
3870.0000
0.0000
1675.0000
.0040
8.8000
760.0000
< .0100
33.0000
.0003
.0060
< .1000
30.0000
3216.9203
PSA
760415.0000
460.0000
7.0600
47.0000
350.0000
0.0090
2080.0000
2080.0000
0.0000
750.0000
< .0010
6.3000
455.0000
< .0100
18.0000
.0013
.0310
0.0000
18.0000
1597.3433
PSA
770505.0000
460.0000
6.6900
34.0000
96.0000
0.0000
780.0000
656.0000
0.0000
427.0000
.0040
.9000
190.0000
.0850
6.2000
< .0001
< .0010
0.0000
3.7000
723.8901
PSA
780309.0000
500.0000
7.9200
61.0000
4.5000
0.0000
282.0000
190.0000
0.0000
82.0000
.0070
< .5000
46.0000
.1200
6.1000
.0005
.0004
0.0000
82.0000
221.2279
PSA
780316.0000
520.0000
7.8200
54.0000
4.5000
0.0000
317.0000
258.0000
0.0000
95.0000
0.0000
1.4000
47.0000
0.0000
6.2000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
95.0000
249.1000

-------
             POND A  LEACHATE
WELL DESIG
DATE
REC NO.
PH
ALKALINITY
CHLORIDE
COO
CONO
IDS
TSS
SULFATE
ARSENIC
BORON
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MERCURY
SELENIUM
SULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
LWA1
741015.0000
540.0000
7.0000
410.0000
36.0000
0.0000
1200.0000
630.0000
150.0000
230.0000
< .0050
.3600
160.0000
< .0100
44.0000
.0019
< .0020
0.0000
0.0000
470.3989
LWA1
741209.0000
560.0000
6.6000
310.0000
leoo.oooo
90.0000
6300.0000
5400.0000
170.0000
790.0000
< .0050
2.2000
1200.0000
< .0100
120.0000
.0012
< .0020
0.0000
0.0000
3912.2182
LWA1
750211.0000
560.0000
7.6000
150.0000
2900.0000
100.0000
9500.0000
6600.0000
0.0000
1100.0000
< .0050
28.0000
2100.0000
.0460
98.0000
.0010
< .0020
0.0000
0.0000
6226.0560
LWA1
750428.0000
600.0000
7.6000
61.0000
3300.0000
150.0000
9800.0000
7700.0000
31.0000
1000.0000
< .0050
31.0000
1600.0000
.0320
72.0000
.0018
.0120
0.0000
0.0000
6003.0508
LMA1
750707.0000
620.0000
7.5000
62.0000
3500.0000
1400.0000
10000.0000
8100.0000
100.0000
960.0000
.0200
42.0000
2300.0000
.0620
62.0000
.0067
.0130
0.0000
0.0000
6904.1017
LWA1
750901.0000
640.0000
6.6000
260.0000
3300.0000
170.0000
10000.0000
7600.0000
330.0000
1300.0000
.0080
48.0000
3000.0000
.0150
120.0000
.0009
.0040
0.0000
96.0000
7664.0279
LWA1
751103.0000
660.0000
7.4000
230.0000
3000.0000
58.0000
11000.0000
7600.0000
40.0000
940.0000
.0750
36.0000
2700.0000
.1200
81.0000
.0009
< .0010
0.0000
120.0000
6877.1969
LUA1
760106.0000
680.0000
8.5000
110.0000
2200.0000
180.0000
9200.0000
6000.0000
180.0000
1000.0000
.1200
0.0000
2500.0000
.1100
74.0000
.0013
.0020
0.0000
71.0000
5645.2333
00
              POND  A LEACHATE
HELL DESIG
DATE
REC NO.
PH
ALKALINITY
CHLORIDE
COD
CONO
TDS
TSS
SULFATE
ARSENIC
BORON
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MERCURY
SELENIUM
SULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
LWA1
760301.0000
700.0000
8.3000
89.0000
1800.0000
48.0000
7600.0000
5400.0000
21.0000
1200.0000
.0600
46.0000
1500.0000
.3COO
62.0000
.0005
.0060
0.0000
64.0000
4692.3865
LUA1
760706.0000
720.0000
7.4000
110.0000
1200.0000
46.0000
3600.0000
4100.0000
93.0000
1100.0000
< .0100
21.0000
650.0000
.0190
130.0000
< .0002
.0030
0.0000
140.0000
3441.0322
LWA1
761109.0000
740.0000
7.2000
58.0000
810.0000
47.0000
3200.0000
4000.0000
910.0000
2200.0000
.0120
21.0000
910.0000
.0380
91.0000
< .0002
.0110
0.0000
81.0000
4113.0612
LWA1
770215.0000
760.0000
7.4000
62.0000
610.0000
4.0000
3200.0000
3500.0000
140.0000
2200.0000
< .0030
53.0000
730.0000
.0200
67.0000
< .0002
.0030
0.0000
62.0000
3722.0302
1 WAI
770302.0000
780.0000
7.4000
55.0000
660.0000
27.0000
3300.0000
4000.0000
89.0000
1200.0000
< .0020
27.0000
660.0000
.0130
64.0000
< .0002
.0040
0.0000
61.0000
2872.0192
LMA1
770505.0000
600.0000
7.2000
41.0000
740.0000
23.0000
3100.0000
3700.0000
59.0000
1400.0000
.0050
27.0000
760.0000
.0160
62.0000
< .0002
.0060
0.0000
44.0000
3033.0272
LWA1
770707.0000
620.0000
7.2000
55.0000
410.0000
24.0000
2800.0000
3400.0000
37.0000
1400.0000
< .0040
20.0000
770.0000
.0100
47.0000
< .0002
.0110
0.0000
40.0000
2667.0252
LWA1
770926.0000
840.0000
7.3000
54.0000
320.0000
23.0000
3400.0000
3200.0000
120.0000
1500.0000
< .0040
34.0000
510.0000
.0140
40.0000
< .0002
.0180
0.0000
34.0000
2438.0362

-------
              POND A  LEACHATE
WELL DESIG
DATE
PEC NO.
PH
ALKALINITY
CHLORIDE
COD
CONO
TDS
TSS
SULFATE
ASSENIC
BOPON
CALCIUM
LEAD
fneHESIUM
MERCURY
SELENIUM
SULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
LVU1
771108.0000
660.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
18.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
< .0040
36.0000
110.0000
.0340
45.0000
< .0002
.0240
0.0000
34.0000
225.0642
LWA1
7712U.OOOO
880.0000
7.4000
41.0000
2ZO.OOOO
64.0000
2800.0000
2700.0000
460.0000
1400.0000
< .0020
22.0000
770.0000
< .0100
35.0000
.0004
.0100
0.0000
22.0000
2469.0224
LMA1
780316.0000
900.0000
8.2000
32.0000
60.0000
13.0000
2400.0000
2300.0000
7.0000
160.0000
.0020
.2000
510.0000
< .0100
17.0000
< .0002
.0020
0.0000
45.0000
812.2142
LMA1
780511.0000
920.0000
7.4000
34.0000
120.0000
21.0000
2500.0000
2400.0000
23.0000
1300.0000
.0060
5.0000
650.0000
.0180
21.0000
.0023
.0020
0.0000
11.0000
2107.0283
\O
               POND A LEACHATE
	 AEPOSPACE —
HELL DESIG
DATE
PEC NO.
PH
ALKALINITY
CMLOPIOE
COO
cotro
TDS
TSS
SULFATE
APSEHIC
BOPOM
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MEFCUPY
SEIEMIUM
SULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEH
LMA1
741014.0000
940.0000
7.8300
49.0000
640.0000
110.0000
3300.0000
2460.0000
670.0000
700.0000
0.0000
10.2000
465.0000
.0270
49.3000
0.0000
0.0000
6.6000
0.0000
2073.1270
LHA1
750426.0000
960.0000
7.7100
67.0000
2100.0000
0.0000
9800.0000
7292.0000
0.0000
1425.0000
.0050
25.0000
2040.0000
.4400
14.6000
.0003
.0080
0.0000
0.0000
5605.2533
LMA1
751103.0000
980.0000
7.2600
177.0000
3400.0000
200.0000
9090.0000
7560.0000
0.0000
1250.0000
.0040
47.0000
2000.0000
0.0000
129.0000
.0003
.0030
.4000
12.5000
6918.9123
LMA1
760121.0000
1090.0000
8.1600
66.0000
2300.0000
150.0000
6250.0000
5860.0000
0.0000
1300.0000
.0590
45.0000
1400.0000
< .0100
90.0000
< .0001
.0140
0.0000
64.0000
5201.0631
LMA1
760415.0000
1020.0000
7.5900
60.0000
1500.0000
0.0000
5000.0000
4340.0000
0.0000
1200.0000
< .0010
40.0000
1000.0000
.0100
53.0000
.0009
.0330
0.0000
50.0000
3843.0449
LWA1
761109.0000
1040.0000
7.4000
49.6000
710.0000
0.0000
4080.0000
35<=6.0000
0.0000
1420.0000
.00?0
38.0000
930.0000
.0400
61.0000
< .0001
.0040
0.0000
82.0000
3261.0461
LWA1
770302.0000
1060.0000
7.4900
52.0000
770.0000
0.0000
4080.0000
3362.0000
0.0000
1350.0000
.0010
32.0000
920.0000
.0200
68.0000
< .0001
< .0006
0.0000
60.0000
3200.0217
LUA1
770505.0000
loeo.oooo
6.9500
38.0000
760.0000
0.0000
3770.0000
3138.0000
0.0000
1300.0000
< .0010
25.0000
860.0000
.2800
50.0000
< .0001
< .0006
0.0000
49.0000
3063.2817

-------
POND A LEACHATE
                    — AEROSPACE ---
HELL OESI6
DATE
PEC NO.
PH
ALKALINITY
CHLORIDE
COO
COMD
TDS
TSS
SULFATE
ARSENIC
BORON
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MERCURY
SELENIUM
SULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
LWA1
760509.0000
1100.0000
7.3000
24.8000
195.0000
0.0000
2110.0000
2166.0000
0.0000
1312.0000
.0370
12.5000
470.0000
.2300
24.0000
.0011
.0003
0.0000
10.0000
2023.768'*
LMA1
780316.0000
1120.0000
7.4500
25.0000
110.0000
0.0000
2140.0000
2352.0000
0.0000
1375.0000
0.0000
11.6000
490.0000
0.0000
24.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
11.0000
2021.6000

-------
POND A GROUND WELL 1
WELL OESIG
DATE
REC NO.
f»
ALKALINITY
CHLORIDE
COO
COUD
TOS
T5S
SULFATE
APSEHIC
B090U
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MEPCURY
SELENIUM
SULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
GWA1
740709.0000
1140.0000
6.9000
390.0000
31.0000
0.0000
1100.0000
730.0000
10.0000
140.0000
< .0050
.2200
120.0000
.2400
6.8000
< .0002
< .0020
0.0000
0.0000
298.2672
GWA1
740722.0000
1160.0000
6.9000
410.0000
34.0000
0.0000
390.0000
770.0000
40.0000
240.0000
< .0050
.2900
130.0000
.0560
42.0000
.0010
< .0020
0.0000
0.0000
446.3560
GWA1
740729.0000
1180.0000
6.6000
410.0000
34.0000
0.0000
1100.0000
680.0000
35.0000
240.0000
< .0050
.3500
180.0000
.0950
47.0000
0.0000
< .0020
0.0000
0.0000
501.4520
GUA1
740805.0000
1200.0000
6.8000
430.0000
36.0000
0.0000
0.0000
840.0000
230.0000
280.0000
< .0050
.3700
190.0000
.0680
56.0000
.0013
< .0020
0.0000
0.0000
562.4463
GUA1
740903.0000
1220.0000
6.9000
370.0000
35.0000
0.0000
0.0000
790.0000
0.0000
210.0000
< .0050
0.0000
160.0000
0.0000
48.0000
< .0002
< .0020
0.0000
0.0000
453.0072
GWA1
741007.0000
1240.0000
7.2000
360.0000
37.0000
0.0000
0.0000
820.0000
83.0000
260.0000
< .0050
.3200
160.0000
< .0100
49.0000
< .0003
< .0020
0.0000
0.0000
506.3373
GMA1
741028.0000
1260.0000
7.0000
390.0000
30.0000
0.0000
1200.0000
770.0000
49.0000
180.0000
< .0050
.2500
120.0000
< .0100
41.0000
.0002
< .0020
0.0000
0.0000
371.2672
GUA1
741209.0000
1260.0000
6.5000
440.0000
45.0000
16.0000
1100.0000
700.0000
0.0000
110.0000
< .0050
.4000
110.0000
< .0100
32.0000
.0004
< .0020
0.0000
0.0000
297.4974
POND A GROUND HELL 1
HELL OESIG
DATE
PEC NO.
PH
ALKALINITY
CHLORIDE
COO
CONO
TDS
TSS
SULFATE
APSENIC
EOPOH
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MEPCURY
SELEMIUN
SULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
GWA1
750211.0000
1300.0000
6.7000
380.0000
25.0000
66.0000
1000.0000
670.0000
0.0000
140.0000
< .0050
.3800
150.0000
.0400
36.0000
.0035
< .0020
0.0000
0.0000
351.4305
GWA1
750429.0000
1320.0000
6.9000
210.0000
94.0000
19.0000
930.0000
700.0000
81.0000
150.0000
< .0050
.4900
160.0000
.0400
36.0000
.0028
< .0020
0.0000
0.0000
440.5398
GHA1
750707.0000
1340.0000
6.5000
300.0000
36.0000
34.0000
980.0000
650.0000
420.0000
150.0000
.0050
.4600
110.0000
.0450
36.0000
.0170
< .0020
0.0000
64.0000
396.52?0
GUA1
750901.0000
1360.0000
6.8000
280.0000
41.0000
17.0000
960.0000
690.0000
21.0000
150.0000
< .0050
1.3000
130.0000
.0180
38.0000
.0013
< .0020
0.0000
68.0000
428.3263
GHA1
751103.0000
1380.0000
7.3000
200.0000
46.0000
27.0000
1000.0000
670.0000
20.0000
160.0000
< .0050
.3700
94.0000
.0160
48.0000
.0013
< .0010
0.0000
68.0000
416. 3933
GHA1
760106.0000
1400.0000
6.5000
350.0000
40.0000
0.0000
730.0000
540.0000
310.0000
130.0000
< .0050
0.0000
120.0000
.0370
32.0000
.0007
< . ooro
0.0000
62.0000
384.0<«47
GUA1
760301.0000
1420.0000
6.6000
250.0000
33.0000
0.0000
740.0000
420.0000
170.0000
140.0000
.0300
.3600
96.0000
< .0100
31.0000
.0016
< .0040
0.0000
56.0000
358.4056
GUA1
770505.0000
1440.0000
6.2000
42.0000
38.0000
10.0000
380.0000
250.0000
24.0000
72.0000
< .0020
.5400
22.0000
.0170
7.3000
< .0002
< .0020
0.0000
1.6000
141.4612

-------
            POND A 6ROUNO HELL 1
HELL OESI6
DATE
PEC NO.
PH
ALKALINITY
CHLORIDE
COD
CONO
TDS
TSS
SULFATE
ARSENIC
BORON
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MERCURY
SELENIUM
SULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
GHA1
771216.0000
1460.0000
6.6000
100.0000
140.0000
46.0000
660.0000
700.0000
17000.0000
30.0000
.0130
.1000
78.0000
.0650
34.0000
.0005
< .0020
0.0000
64.0000
366. 2005
GUA1
780316.0000
1460.0000
6.5000
96.0000
150.0000
19.0000
740.0000
450.0000
52.0000
18.0000
< .0020
Z.ZOOQ
25.0000
.0740
7.6000
< .0002
< .0020
0.0000
49.0000
251.8782
GUA1
760511.0000
1500.0000
6.9000
130.0000
92.0000
4.0000
630.0000
400.0000
150.0000
27.0000
< .0040
.1000
37.0000
.0150
14.0000
.0005
.0010
0.0000
76.0000
246.1205
GUA1
780628.0000
1520.0000
7.9000
230.0000
73.0000
6.0000
670.0000
eao.oooo
11000.0000
1.0000
< .0040
.1400
37.0000
.1000
14.0000
.0012
< .0010
0.0000
100.0000
225.2462
tjl
            POND A GROUND  HELL 1--- AEROSPACE ---
HELL DESIG
DATE
REC NO.
PH
ALKALINITY
CHLORIDE
COD
CONO
TDS
TSS
SULFATE
ARSENIC
BOSON
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MERCURY
SELENIUM
SULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
GWA1
740904.0000
1540.0000
8.1SOO
179.0000
84.0000
40.0000
910.0000
620.0000
0.0000
8.0000
.0050
.4000
40.0000
.0500
72.0000
.0008
.0040
.4000
0.0000
204.6593
GWA1
741028.0000
1560.0000
7.9400
0.0000
66.0000
0.0000
660.0000
583.0000
130.0000
175.0000
.0040
.4000
40.0000
.0530
34.2000
0.0000
.0020
.1000
0.0000
335.7590
GWA1
750415.0000
1560.0000
7.1200
250.0000
66.0000
0.0000
690.0000
480.0000
0.0000
120.0000
.0310
1.8000
57.0000
.0100
31.0000
.0008
.0130
0.0000
60.0000
355.8548
GWA1
750428.0000
1600.0000
6.9300
286.0000
86.0000
95.0000
910.0000
440.0000
0.0000
250.0000
.0050
.3000
68.0000
.0700
33.0000
.0005
.0150
.5000
0.0000
437.8905
GW41
751103.0000
1620.0000
7.5000
314.0000
100.0000
40.0000
820.0000
740.0000
0.0000
150.0000
.0060
.5000
72.0000
< .0200
40.0000
.0006
.0080
.3000
78.0000
440.8346
GUA1
770505.0000
1640.0000
6.7200
36.0000
74.0000
0.0000
340.0000
240.0000
0.0000
73.0000
.0040
.5000
19.0000
.1000
6.0000
< .0001
< .0006
0.0000
40.0000
212.6047
GWA1
780309.0000
1660.0000
7.6200
84.0000
230.0000
0.0000
595.0000
338.0000
0.0000
21.0000
.0060
1.2000
35.0000
.1200
17.0000
.0012
.0006
0.0000
60.0000
364.3298
GMA1
780316.0000
1680.0000
8.0100
80.0000
260.0000
0.0000
617.0000
370.0000
0.0000
14.0000
0.0000
< .5000
36.0000
0.0000
18.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
60.0000
386.5000

-------
POND * GROUND MEU. 2
WELL DESIG
DATE
PEC MO.
PH
ALKALINITY
CHLORIDE
COO
COHD
TDS
TSS
SULFATE
APSEHIC
BOPOU
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MEPCURY
SELENIUM
SULFITE
sooiurt
TOTAL ELCM
6UA2
740722.0000
1700.0000
7.3000
670.0000
27.0000
0.0000
1100.0000
790.0000
100.0000
22.0000
< .0050
.1400
100.0000
.0850
65.0000
< .0002
< .0020
0.0000
0.0000
214.2322
6MA2
740729.0000
1720.0000
7.1000
640.0000
26.0000
0.0000
670.0000
750.0000
39.0000
32.0000
< .0050
.1600
120.0000
.0520
66.0000
0.0000
< .0020
0.0000
0.0000
244.2190
GUA2
740805.0000
1740.0000
7.2000
590.0000
26.0000
0.0000
0.0000
720.0000
31.0000
26.0000
< .0050
.1600
120.0000
.0890
63.0000
.0015
< .0020
0.0000
0.0000
237.2575
GUA2
740903.0000
1760.0000
7.2000
570.0000
27.0000
0.0000
0.0000
660.0000
0.0000
21.0000
< .0050
.1COO
100.0000
.0140
54.0000
< .0002
< .00?0
0.0000
0.0000
202.1412
GUA2
741007.0000
1760.0000
7.3000
490.0000
26.0000
0.0000
0.0000
610.0000
62.0000
42.0000
< .0050
.1200
94.0000
< .0100
51.0000
< .0002
< .0020
0.0000
0.0000
213.1372
GMA2
741022.0000
1800.0000
7.7000
400.0000
24.0000
0.0000
990.0000
610.0000
43.0000
40.0000
< .0050
.1000
100.0000
< .0100
52.0000
.0004
< .0020
0.0000
0.0000
216.1174
GUA2
74102S.OOOO
1820.0000
7.7000
480.0000
22.0000
0.0000
970.0000
580.0000
110.0000
46.0000
< .0050
.1000
63.0000
< .0100
46.0000
< .0002
< .0020
0.0000
0.0000
177.1172
GUA2
741209.0000
1640.0000
6.0000
400.0000
30.0000
16.0000
850.0000
550.0000
le.oooo
64.0000
< .0050
.2300
59.0000
< .0100
36.0000
< .0002
< .0020
0.0000
0.0000
191.2472
<-" POND A GROUND HELL 2
U»
HELL DESIG
DATE
REC NO.
PH
ALKALINITY
CHLORIDE
COO
COMD
TDS
TSS
SULFATE
ARSENIC
BOSON
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MEPCURY
SELENIUM
SULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM

GWA2
750211.0000
1860.0000
7.4000
74.0000
16.0000
21.0000
500.0000
330.0000
0.0000
130.0000
< .0050
.2600
40.0000
.0280
16.0000
.0004
< .0020
0.0000
0.0000
206.2954

GWA2
750426.0000
1800.0000
7.4000
58.0000
16.0000
8.0000
420.0000
320.0000
89.0000
88.0000
< .0050
.3400
32.0000
.0160
12.0000
.0011
< .0020
0.0000
0.0000
146.3641

GUA2
750707.0000
1900.0000
7.1000
100.0000
20.0000
47.0000
440.0000
530.0000
19000.0000
190.0000
< .0050
.3300
110.0000
.2000
4.2000
.0015
< .0020
0.0000
28.0000
352.7385

GUA2
750901.0000
1920.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
10.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
< .0050
.6000
51.0000
.0220
15.0000
.0006
< .0020
0.0000
32.0000
99. 8? 06

GWA2
751107.0000
1940.0000
7.5000
150.0000
13.0000
10.0000
470.0000
350.0000
12.0000
88.0000
< .0050
.3100
45.0000
.0170
26.0000
< .0002
< .0010
0.0000
30.0000
202.3332

GMA2
760106.0000
1960.0000
7.2000
110.0000
9.0000
11.0000
350.0000
240.0000
50.0000
65.0000
< .0050
0.0000
38.0000
.0300
14.0000
.0007
< .0020
0.0000
22.0000
146.0377

GHA2
760301.0000
1980.0000
7.0000
86.0000
6.0000
6.0000
330.0000
220.0000
10.0000
75.0000
.0100
.1700
28.0000
.0490
14.0000
< .0002
< .0040
0.0000
19.0000
144.2332

-------
POND A GROUND HELL Z-— AEROSPACE ---
HELL DESI6
DATE
REC NO.
PH
ALKALINITY
CHLORIDE
COO
CONO
TDS
TSS
SULFATE
ARSENIC
B090N
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MERCURY
SELENIUM
SULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
GWA2
740904.0000
3000.0000
8.7100
389.0000
64.0000
20.0000
770.0000
468.0000
0.0000
22.0000
.0050
.4000
15.0000
.0400
74.0000
.0005
.0050
.9000
0.0000
176.3505
GHAZ
741026.0000
2020.0000
fl.7200
330.0000
73.0000
40.0000
690.0000
440.0000
0.0000
51.0000
.0050
.2000
15.0000
.0300
70.0000
0.0000
.0020
.9000
0.0000
210.1J70
GHA2
750426.0000
2040.0000
7.4000
5S.OOOO
43.0000
5.0000
370.0000
£46.0000
0.0000
175.0000
.0050
.1000
26.0000
.0100
13.4000
.0004
.0040
.2000
0.0000
259.7294
GWH2
751103.0000
2060.0000
7.7200
155.0000
56.0000
40.0000
420.0000
344.0000
0.0000
90.0000
.0060
.1000
32.0000
.0200
19.0000
.0002
.0020
.2000
33.0000
230.3282
GUA2
760415.0000
2080.0000
7.4800
82.0000
44.0000
0.0000
290.0000
190.0000
0.0000
70.0000
.0010
1.5000
27.0000
.0100
11.0000
.0008
.0080
0.0000
22.0000
175.5198

-------
             POND B SUPERNATE
WELL OESI6
DATE
REC NO.
FH
ALKALINITY
CHLORIDE
COO
COt ID
TDS
TSS
SULFATE
ARSENIC
BOPCN
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MEPCl'RY
SELENIUM
SULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
PSB
750415.0000
3100.0000
11.5000
1300.0000
1500.0000
60.0000
8600.0000
5600.0000
160.0000
960.0000
< .0050
63.0000
2300.0000
< .0100
.2000
.0002
.0900
0.0000
0.0000
4823.3052
PSB
750428.0000
2120.0000
8.7000
79.0000
600.0000
25.0000
2600.0000
2200.0000
8.0000
430.0000
< .0050
24.0000
840.0000
.0400
4.ZOOO
< .0002
< .0020
0.0000
0.0000
1893.2472
PSB
750708.0000
2140.0000
8.4000
30.0000
3CO.OOOO
25.0000
2200.0000
1800.0000
4.0000
900.0000
.0100
10.0000
510.0000
< .0100
2. 8000
.0003
.0050
0.0000
21.0000
1763.8253
PSB
750901.0000
2160.0000
8.6000
47.0000
380.0000
54.0000
3400.0000
3000.0000
17.0000
1700.0000
.0050
7.5000
980.0000
.0250
3.2000
< .0002
.0030
0.0000
40.0000
3110.7332
PSB
751103.0000
2180.0000
8.3000
34.0000
320.0000
43.0000
2900.0000
2800.0000
17.0000
1200.0000
.0200
.5700
580.0000
< .0100
6.9000
< .0002
< .0010
0.0000
30.0000
2137.5012
PSB
760106.0000
2200.0000
7.1000
29.0000
150.0000
8.0000
1500.0000
680.0000
11.0000
94.0000
.0050
0.0000
320.0000
< .0100
3.9000
< .0002
< .0020
o.oooo
9.3000
577.2172
PSB
760301.0000
2220.0000
7.5000
30.0000
66.0000
11.0000
900.0000
770.0000
2.0000
460.0000
< .0100
.9400
270.0000
.0100
2.7000
< .0002
.0040
0.0000
6.7000
806.3642
PSB
760503.0000
2240.0000
7.4000
34.0000
82.0000
42.0000
1800.0000
1600.0000
15.0000
950.0000
.0200
2.1000
370.0000
.0100
4.6000
< .0002
< .0040
0.0000
15.0000
1423.9342
             POND B SUPERNATE
in
HELL DESI6
DATE
PEC NO.
PH
ALKALINITY
CHLORIDE
COD
COND
TOS
TSS
SULFATE
ARSENIC
BOP ON
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MEPCURY
SELENIUM
SULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
PSB
760706.0000
2260.0000
7.1000
36.0000
23.0000
25.0000
700.0000
460.0000
4.0000
330.0000
< .0050
1.0000
160.0000
< .0100
2.1000
< .0002
.0010
0.0000
5.1000
521.2162
PSB
770302.0000
2280.0000
7.4000
43.0000
62.0000
21.0000
1500.0000
1600.0000
5.0000
1100.0000
.0120
.8000
450.0000
0.0000
6.3000
< .0002
.0040
0.0000
12.0000
1631.1162
PSB
770504.0000
2300.0000
6.9000
35.0000
32.0000
19.0000
1100.0000
1200.0000
6.0000
810.0000
.0240
2.2000
370.0000
< .0100
4.2000
.0006
< .0040
0.0000
7.0000
1225.4366
PSB
770707.0000
2320.0000
7.0000
40.0000
56.0000
43.0000
1600.0000
1900.0000
10.0000
1300.0000
.0350
3.4000
500.0000
< .0100
3.3000
.0002
.0040
0.0000
10.0000
1872.7492
PSB
770926.0000
2340.0000
7.2000
34.0000
48.0000
44.0000
1600.0000
1400.0000
8.0000
750.0000
.0500
2.2000
410.0000
< .0100
3.3000
.0016
< .0020
0.0000
6.9000
1222. 4636
PSB
771104.0000
2360.0000
7.2000
36.0000
58.0000
30.0000
2400.0000
2300.0000
9.0000
1500.0000
.0060
3.5000
960.0000
< .0100
4.8000
< .0002
.0020
0.0000
12.0POO
2538.3182
PSB
771216.0000
2380.0000
7.0000
28.0000
17.0000
10.0000
790.0000
560.0000
6.0000
350.0000
< .0020
.5400
200.0000
.0100
2.3000
c .0002
< .0020
0.0000
4.4000
574.2542
PSB
780316.0000
2400.0000
7.3000
28.0000
8.0000
8.0000
590.0000
430.0000
5.0000
64.0000
.0040
.1300
100.0000
< .0100
1.6000
< .0002
< .0020
0.0000
2.5000
176.J462

-------
POND B SUPERNATE
WELL OESIG
DATE
REC NO.
PH
ALKALINITY
CHLORIDE
COO
COMD
TDS
TSS
SULFATE
ARSENIC
PORON
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MERCURY
SELENIUM
SULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
       PSB
780511.0000
  2420.0000
     7.2000
    38.0000
    14.0000
    19.0000
  1600.0000
  1400.0000
     6.0000
   800.0000
      .0170
      .8000
   410.0000
      .OlSO
     3.6000
 <    .0002
      .0010
     0.0000
     3.6000
  1232.4332
POND B SUPERNATE
                    	 AEROSPACE 	
HELL DESIG
DATE
REC NO.
PH
ALKALINITY
CHLORIDE
COD
CCND
TOS
TSS
SULFATE
ARSCMIC
BORCN
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MERCURY
SELENIUM
SUIFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL EL EM
PSB
750415.0000
2440.0000
12.1500
1294.0000
2400.0000
0.0000
7900.0000
5560.0000
0.0000
1875.0000
.0040
66.0000
1740.0000
.3900
0.0000
.0001
.0390
70.0000
34.0000
6205.4831
PSB
751103.0000
2460.0000
6.7900
35.0000
400.0000
50.0000
2700.0000
2670.0000
0.0000
1500.0000
.0100
4.4000
560.0000
< .0100
10.0000
.0004
.0160
.2000
28.0000
2522.6384
PSB
760503.0000
2460.0000
6.7000
34.0000
117.0000
0.0000
1810.0000
1760.0000
0.0000
1100.0000
.0120
3.0000
400.0000
< .0100
5.0000
.0006
.0650
0.0000
15.0000
1640.0876
PSB
760518.0000
2500.0000
7.3500
30.0000
130.0000
0.0000
1420.0000
1460.0000
0.0000
775.0000
.0010
1.8000
300.0000
.0100
4.0000
.0012
.0360
0.0000
11.0000
1221.6462
PSB
770504.0000
2520.0000
6.9900
31.0000
126.0000
0.0000
1230.0000
1098.0000
0.0000
775.0000
.0060
.9500
340.0000
.0250
3.2000
< .0001
.0013
0.0000
7.2000
1252.3824
PSB
780309.0000
2540.0000
7.8000
16.0000
3.5000
0.0000
110.0000
102.0000
0.0000
24.0000
< .0040
< .5000
16.0000
.£000
1.5000
.0007
.0003
0.0000
1.5000
49.2050

-------
POND ft LEACHkTt
HELL DESI6
DATE
PEC HO.
FH
ALKALINITY
CHLORIDE
COD
CONO
TDS
TSS
SULFATE
ARSENIC
BOPON
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MERCURY
SELENIUM
SULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
LUB
750211.0000
3560.0000
e.3000
350.0000
110.0000
48.0000
1200.0000
440.0000
0.0000
65.0000
.0070
.9600
64.0000
.0580
6.6000
< .0002
< .0020
0.0000
0.0000
266.6272
LUB
750415.0000
2580.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
14.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
.0050
< .1000
290.0000
.0900
44.0000
.0016
.0100
0.0000
0.0000
334.2066
LUB
750422.0000
2600.0000
6.0000
8.0000
620.0000
92.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
440.0000
.0100
50.0000
470.0000
.0240
36.0000
< .0002
.0620
0.0000
0.0000
1616.0962
LUB
750428.0000
2620.0000
6.9000
22.0000
460.0000
42.0000
0.0000
leoo.oooo
18.0000
530.0000
.0500
0.0000
530.0000
.0260
35.0000
.0033
.1300
0.0000
0.0000
1555.2118
LHB
750707.0000
2640.0000
10.1000
250.0000
940.0000
1200.0000
3400.0000
2600.0000
12000.0000
490.0000
.0400
3.2000
2300.0000
.0490
57.0000
.0007
.2000
0.0000
70.0000
3860.4897
LUB
750901.0000
2660.0000
9.1000
70.0000
880.0000
98.0000
3900.0000
2500.0000
2600.0000
360.0000
.0200
.9000
570.0000
.0160
2.6000
.0014
.0230
0.0000
160.0000
1973.5604
LUB
751103.0000
2680.0000
6.2000
8.0000
860.0000
35.0000
3700.0000
2600.0000
6.0000
620.0000
.0250
.2600
620.0000
< .0100
27.0000
< .0002
.0040
0.0000
150.0000
2277.2992
LUB
760106.0000
2700.0000
7.3000
39.0000
630.0000
13.0000
3100.0000
2700.0000
130.0000
890.0000
.0150
0.0000
840.0000
.0470
25.0000
.0005
.0040
0.0000
110.0000
2495.0665
.. runu o LCMI
-sj
HELL DESIG
DATE
PEC NO.
PH
ALKALINITY
CHLORIDE
COO
COT JO
TDS
TSS
SULFATE
ARSENIC
BOP ON
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MEPCURf
SELENIUM
SULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEtl
«nn i c

LUB
760301.0000
2720.0000
7.0000
34.0000
290.0000
12.0000
2600.0000
2400.0000
49.0000
1200.0000
.0200
.9600
790.0000
.0580
14.0000
< .0002
< .0040
0.0000
66.0000
2363. 04Z2


LM9
760503.0000
2740.0000
7.9000
120.0000
130.0000
43.0000
1600.0000
1400.0000
530.0000
960.0000
.0100
1.1000
380.0000
< .0100
7.7000
< .0002
< .0040
0.0000
19.0000
1517.8242

-------
         POND D LEACHATE
                             — AEROSPACE 	
HELL DESIG
DATE
REC NO.
PH
ALKALINITY
CHLORIDE
COO
CONO
TOS
TSS
SULFATE
ARSENIC
BORON
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MERCURY
SELENIUM
SULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
LMB
750211.0000
3760.0000
5.3200
0.0000
170.0000
75.0000
660.0000
500.0000
0.0000
150.0000
.0140
.1000
20.0000
.0400
8.0000
.0010
.0170
.1700
0.0000
348.3420
LMB
750415.0000
2780.0000
6.7300
28.0000
140.0000
0.0000
300.0000
320.0000
0.0000
150.0000
.0050
1.0000
28.0000
.0200
8.0000
.0004
.0060
.1000
0.0000
327.1334
LMB
751103.0000
2800.0000
6.1800
10.0000
1100.0000
50.0000
3570.0000
2670.0000
0.0000
675.0000
.0040
1.0000
400.0000
< .0100
26.0000
.0002
.0160
.1000
158.0000
2360.1302
LWB
760121.0000
2820.0000
7.3700
2.0000
520.0000
50.0000
2700.0000
2540.0000
0.0000
1100.0000
.0110
1.3000
525.0000
.0100
27.0000
.0007
.0090
0.0000
83.0000
2256.3307
LMB
760503.0000
2840.0000
7.0700
0.0000
139.0000
0.0000
1790.0000
1690.0000
0.0000
1000.0000
0.0000
3.6000
450.0000
< .0100
11.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
23.0000
1626.6100
oo

-------
POND B LtAOUTE 1
HELL DESI6
DATE
PEC NO.
PH
ALKALINITY
CHLORIDE
COD
CONO
TDS
TS5
SULFATE
ARSENIC
BOP OH
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MEPCUPT
SELENIUM
SULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
LMB1
760706.0000
2860.0000
7.5000
04.0000
930.0000
64.0000
2500.0000
2500.0000
870.0000
750.0000
.0600
1.9000
630.0000
.0290
27.0000
< .0002
.0080
0.0000
23.0000
2362.0172
LWB1
760720.0000
2880.0000
7.JOOO
66.0000
130.0000
63.0000
1800.0000
1900.0000
200.0000
1200.0000
.0200
2.2000
620.0000
< .0100
8.4000
.0002
< .0010
0.0000
23.0000
1983.6312
LWS1
770302.0000
2000.0000
6.6000
24.0000
340.0000
42.0000
2600.0000
3100.0000
11.0000
1600.0000
.0020
.3700
570.0000
< .0100
19.0000
< .0002
.0050
0.0000
62.0000
2611.3872
LWB1
770504.0000
2920.0000
6.5000
34.0000
440.0000
36.0000
2800.0000
3200.0000
30.0000
1700.0000
.0140
2.7000
690.0000
.0160
20.0000
.0008
.0060
0.0000
84.0000
2936.7368
LWB1
770707.0000
2940.0000
7.1000
28.0000
420.0000
15.0000
2700.0000
3200.0000
10.0000
1600.0000
.0090
2.4000
720.0000
< .0100
19.0000
< .0002
.0100
0.0000
71.0000
2832.4292
LMB1
770926.0000
2960.0000
7.0000
30.0000
370.0000
29.0000
3400.0000
3100.0000
e.oooo
1600.0000
.0110
2.6000
710.0000
.0100
19.0000
.0002
.0020
0.0000
90.0000
2791.6232
LMB1
771104.0000
2980.0000
6.2000
12.0000
300.0000
15.0000
3100.0000
2800.0000
9.0000
1500.0000
.0040
2.0000
890.0000
< .0100
16.0000
< .0002
< .0010
0.0000
78.0000
2786.0152
LWB1
771216.0000
3000.0000
6.4000
18.0000
2<>o.OOOO
17.0000
2900.0000
2900.0000
36.0000
1500.0000
.0020
1.2000
790.0000
< .0100
18.0000
.0002
.0100
0.0000
62.0000
2681.2222
POND B LEACHATE 1
HELL OESI6
DATE
PEC NO.
PH
ALKALINITY
CHLOfflDE
COO
COND
TDS
TSS
SULFATE
AP5ENIC
t-OPPH
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGMESIUM
MEPCLWT
SELEUIUM
SULFITE
500IUM
TOTAL ELEM
LMB1
780316.0000
3020.0000
7.6000
70.0POO
68.0000
7.0000
2100.0000
1900.0000
250.0000
690.0000
.0040
.3000
620.0000
< .0100
6.6000
< .0002
.0020
0.0000
31.0000
1837.9162
LMB1
780511.0000
3040.0000
7.2000
30.0000
86.0000
42.0000
2200.0000
1900.0000
8.0000
940.0000
.0190
4.0000
500.0000
.0100
7.1000
.0008
.0020
0.0000
22.0000
1559.1318

-------
POND B LEACHATE 1   — AEROSPACE ---
WELL DESIG
DATE
PEC NO.
PH
ALKALINITY
CHLORIDE
COD
cor JD
TDS
TSS
5ULFATE
ARSENIC
60RON
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MERCURY
SELENIUM
SULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
LWB1
770203.0000
3060.0000
6.9300
16.0000
380.0000
0.0000
3000.0000
2882.0000
0.0000
1725.0000
.0020
2.6000
670.0000
.0400
21.0000
< .0001
.0013
0.0000
86.0000
2684.64)4
LWB1
770405.0000
3080.0000
6.6600
19.0000
460.0000
0.0000
3150.0000
2912.0000
0.0000
1475.0000
< .0010
1.3000
710.0000
.2600
16.5000
< .0001
< .0006
0.0000
82.0000
2747.0617
LWB1
780309.0000
3100.0000
7.3000
20-2000
300.0000
0.0000
2310.0000
2324.0000
0.0000
1325.0000
.0780
1.0000
480.0000
.2700
12.0000
< .0001
.0001
O.OOOD
35.0000
2153.3482
LUP1
780516.0000
3120.0000
7.2100
la.oooo
150.0000
0.0000
2290.0000
2380.0000
0.0000
1400.0000
0.0000
1.0000
490.0000
0.0000
14.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
30.0000
2085.0000

-------
WHO ft LEACHJkTE  *
HELL OESIG
DATE
REC NO.
PH
ALKALINITY
CH LOP IDE
COD
CONO
TDS
TSS
SULFATE
ARSENIC
BOPOH
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MEPCURY
SELENIUM
SULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
LHB2
760720.0000
3140.0000
7.4000
92.0000
660.0000
60.0000
2800.0000
2600.0000
690.0000
970.0000
.0300
2.1000
800.0000
.0160
26.0000
.0005
.0020
0.0000
110.0000
2 568. 1405
LHB2
770504.0000
3160.0000
6.7000
79.0000
220.0000
37.0000
2400.0000
2600.0000
140.0000
1300.0000
.0940
3.8000
680.0000
< .0100
18.0000
< .0002
.0060
0.0000
44.0000
2265.9102
LUB2
770707.0000
3180.0000
6.7000
28.0000
500.0000
73.0000
2900.0000
3400.0000
700.0000
1900.0000
.0940
2.5000
640.0000
< .0100
15.0000
.0004
.0200
0.0000
100.0000
3157.6244
LWB2
770926.0000
3200.0000
3.6000
0.0000
300.0000
100.0000
3400.0000
3100.0000
150.0000
1600.0000
.0170
1.7000
530.0000
.0190
5.2000
< .0007
.0150
0.0000
89.0000
2525.9517
LHB2
771104.0000
3220.0000
3.7000
0.0000
360.0000
64.0000
3400.0000
2900.0000
55.0000
1600.0000
.0060
.6400
790.0000
< .0100
2.5000
< .0002
.0130
0.0000
81.0000
2834.1692
LWB2
771216.0000
3240.0000
4.4000
0.0000
280.0000
66.0000
2800.0000
2600.0000
120.0000
1400.0000
.0060
.9000
730.0000
.0780
4.2000
< .0002
< .0020
0.0000
69.0000
2484.1862
LMB2
780316.0000
3260.0000
5.5000
4.0000
240.0000
64.0000
2900.0000
2600.0000
110.0000
960.0000
.0090
8.0000
620.0000
< .0100
11.0000
< .0002
.0040
0.0000
42.0000
1901.0232
LMB2
780511.0000
3280.0000
4.4000
0.0000
240.0000
16.0000
3000.0000
2700.0000
46.0000
1500.0000
.0400
1.0000
690.0000
.0100
7.3000
.0009
.0050
0.0000
47.0000
2485.3559
 POND B LEACHATE 2   — AEROSPACE  	
HELL DESI6
DATE
REC NO.
FH
ALKALINITY
CHLORIDE
COD
COt ID
TDS
TSS
SULFATE
APSEHIC
CCrOM
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGHESIUM
MEPCUPY
SELENIUM
SULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
LWB2
770302.0000
3300.0000
2.9100
0.0000
310.0000
0.0000
2680.0000
2638.0000
0.0000
1550. OCOO
.0140
2.5000
610.0000
.0550
12.0000
.0001
.0020
0.0000
60.0000
2544.5711
LWB2
770504.0000
3320.0000
6.7400
72.0000
275.0000
0.0000
2650.0000
2614.0000
0.0000
1650.0000
.0010
1.9500
700.0000
.2500
12.6000
< .0001
.0017
0.0000
45.0000
2684.8028
LMB2
780309.0000
3140.0000
4.5700
0.0000
500.0000
0.0000
2570.0000
2416.0000
0.0000
1300.0000
.0300
2.10PO
500.0000
.2300
10.0000
.0010
.0004
0.0000
50.0000
2362.3614
LWB2
780316.0000
3360.0000
4.3500
0.0000
340.0000
0.0000
2590.0000
2516.0000
0.0000
1325.0000
0.0000
1.6000
550.0000
0.0000
6.8000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
48.0000
2271.4000

-------
POND B WOUND HELL 1
WELL DESI6
DATE
PEC NO.
PH
ALKALINITY
CHLORIDE
COO
COND
TDS
TSS
SULFATE
ARSENIC
BORON
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MERCUPY
SELENIUM
SULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
6MB 1
750415.0000
3360.0000
6.9000
240.0050
66.0000
0.0000
610.0000
420.0000
120.0000
24.0000
< .0050
.1300
31.0000
.1600
15.0000
.0059
< .ooeo
0.0000
0.0000
138.3229
6MB 1
750422.0000
3400.0000
6.9000
240.0000
64.0000
40.0000
0.0000
490.0000
19.0000
28.0000
< .0050
.1400
43.0000
.0560
16.0000
.0007
< .0020
0.0000
0.0000
151.2037
GWB1
750428.0000
3420.0000
6.9000
240.0000
66.0000
210.0000
720.0000
300.0000
23.0000
23.0000
< .0050
.1300
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
.0000
< .0020
0.0000
0.0000
69.1376
GWB1
750708.0000
3440.0000
6.9000
240.0000
82.0000
1400.0000
690.0000
510.0000
1000.0000
24.0000
< .0050
.1400
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
.0005
< .0020
0.0000
o.oooo
106.1475
GWB1
750901.0000
3460.0000
6.7000
210.0000
66.0000
la.oooo
660.0000
530.0000
450.0000
42.0000
< .0050
.7000
61.0000
.0720
15.0000
< .0002
< .0020
0.0000
69.0000
273.7792
GW31
751103.0000
3460.0000
6.9000
190.0000
91.0000
6.0000
650.0000
0.0000
130.0000
42.0000
< .0050
.2600
35.0000
.1600
15.0000
< .0002
.0120
0.0000
0.0000
183.4572
GUB1
760106.0000
3500.0000
6.7000
170.0000
170.0000
16.0000
910.0000
500.0000
4200.0000
68.0000
< .0050
.2400
100.0000
.5000
27.0000
< .0002
< .0020
0.0000
95.0000
460.8272
GWB1
760301.0000
3520.0000
6.6000
170.0000
140.0000
9.0000
840.0000
520.0000
250.0000
42.0000
.0100
.0200
72.0000
.0270
16.0000
< .0002
.0040
0.0000
130.0000
402.0612
POND B GROUND  HELL  1
WELL DESIG
DATE
PEC NO.
PH
ALKALINITY
CHLORIDE
COO
COMD
TDS
TSS
SULFATE
APSEHIC
BCRON
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MEPCURY
SELENIUM
SULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
GUB1
760503.0000
3540.0000
7.1000
190.0000
88.0000
23.0000
740.0000
450.0000
2500.0000
120.0000
< .0050
.1000
55.0000
.1100
14.0000
< .0002
.0040
0.0000
74.0000
351.2192
GWB1
760712.0000
3560.0000
7.3000
200.0000
93.0000
11.0000
700.0000
460.0000
270.0000
22.0000
< .0050
.8000
41.0000
.3600
16.0000
.0003
.0030
0.0000
97.0000
270.1683
GWB1
760914.0000
3580.0000
7.1000
200.0000
150.0000
10.0000
770.0000
550.0000
1100.0000
36.0000
< .0050
.1600
45.0000
.0640
16.0000
< .0002
.0040
0.0000
11.0000
258.2532
GWB1
761109.0000
3600.0000
6.9000
180.0000
160.0000
18.0000
790.0000
630.0000
620.0000
82.0000
.0120
.1600
42.0000
.0290
19.0000
.0013
.0040
0.0000
140.0000
443.2063
GMB1
770504.0000
3620.0000
6.9000
180.0000
100.0000
4.0000
680.0000
460.0000
200.0000
60.0000
.0280
i.eooo
53.0000
.0400
12.0000
.0005
< .0040
0.0000
100.0000
326.8725
GWB1
770707.0000
3640.0000
7.0000
170.0000
180.0000
16.0000
870.0000
600.0000
1500.0000
79.0000
.1500
.2200
33.0000
< .0100
21.0000
.0011
.0040
0.0000
160.0000
473.3851
GWB1
771216.0000
3660.0000
7.2000
220.0000
120.0000
26.0000
1000.0000
690.0000
11000.0000
84.0000
.0090
.7700
69.0000
< .0100
4.2000
.0032
< .0020
0.0000
160.0000
437.9942
GWB1
780316.0000
3680.0000
7.0000
75.0000
96.0000
54.0000
770.0000
470.0000
220.0000
39.0000
< .0020
.3000
300.0000
.0350
16.0000
< .0002
< .0020
0.0000
2.3000
453.6392

-------
           WHO I GROUND UEU. 1
HELL OESIG
DATE
PEC NO.
PH
ALKALINITY
CHLORIDE
COD
cotro
IDS
TSS
SULFATE
ARSENIC
eopoi
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MEPCUSY
SELENIUM
SULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
EWB1
780511 . 0000
3700.0000
7.2000
170.0000
64.0000
13.0000
690.0000
540.0000
620.0000
56.0000
.0390
.0600
54.0000
.1100
14.0000
.0019
.0040
0.0000
65.0000
273.2149
GUB1
780620.0000
3720.0000
7.8000
170.0000
72.0000
9.0000
750.0000
410.0000
340.0000
310.0000
< .0040
.3800
47.0000
.0310
14.0000
.0016
.0020
0.0000
82.0000
5E5.4186
u>
           POND B GROUND HELL 1— AEROSPACE —
HELL OESIG
DATE
PEC NO.
PH
ALKALINITY
CHLORIDE
COO
COND
TDS
TSS
SULFATE
ARSENIC
POPON
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MERCURY
SELENIUM
SULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
GHB1
750415.0000
3740.0000
7.6300
217.0000
95.0000
75.0000
620.0000
400.0000
0.0000
225.0000
.0050
.9000
40.0000
.0300
15.8000
.0007
.0060
.5200
0.0000
377.2617
GUB1
751103.0000
3760.0000
7.0600
189.0000
130.0000
40.0000
610.0000
392.0000
0.0000
15.0000
.0060
< .1000
40.0000
< .0200
15.0000
.0004
.0120
.4000
83.0000
283.5384
GH91
760503.0000
3780.0000
7.9300
173.0000
68.0000
0.0000
680.0000
354.0000
0.0000
60.0000
.0050
.3000
47.0000
< .0200
15.0000
.0008
.0810
0.0000
79.0000
289.4068
GWB1
761109.0000
3800.0000
7.8200
187.0000
175.0000
0.0000
680.0000
534.0000
0.0000
46.0000
.0120
2.0000
39.0000
.0350
13.5000
< .0001
< .0006
0.0000
140.0000
415.5477
GKB1
770504.0000
3820.0000
7.0400
179.0000
150.0000
0.0000
630.0000
430.0000
0.0000
44.0000
.0040
.6500
35.0000
.0300
11.5000
< .0001
< .0006
0.0000
103.0000
344.1847
GMB1
780309.0000
3840.0000
7.9700
196.0000
300.0000
0.0000
813.0000
564.0000
0.0000
80.0000
.0080
1.2000
49.0000
.2400
18.0000
.0017
.0001
0.0000
115.0000
563.4498
GWB1
780316.0000
3860.0000
6.1200
171.0000
290.0000
0.0000
633.0000
546.0000
0.0000
90.0000
0.0000
< .5000
41.0000
0.0000
16.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
130.0000
567.5000

-------
            POND B GROUND HELL 2
WELL DESIG
DATE
REC NO.
PH
ALKALINITY
CHLORIDE
COD
COND
IDS
TSS
SULFATE
ARSENIC
BORON
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MERCURY
SELENIUM
SULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
GWB2
741111.0000 741209
3880.0000
7.4000
90.0000
14.0000
0.0000
370.0000
220.0000
110.0000
47.0000
< .0050
< .1000
35.0000
.1200
8.7000
< .OOOZ
< .0020
0.0000
0.0000
104.9272
3900
6
58
66
0
710
560
11000
65
<

35

6
0
<
0
0
215
GWB2 GWB2 GU'B2
.0000 750211.0000 750217.0000
.0000
.9000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0050
.4500
.0000
.0100
.9000
.0000
.0020
.0000
.0000
.3670
3920.0000
6.6000
170.0000
52.0000
15.0000
570.0000
340.0000
0.0000
20.0000
< .0050
.4500
34.0000
.0150
8.7000
< .0002
< .0020
0.0000
0.0000
115.17C2
3940.0000
6.7000
170.0000
50.0000
18.0000
570.0000
330.0000
0.0000
18.0000
< .0050
< .1000
31.0000
.1100
9.0000
.0005
< .0020
0.0000
0.0000
108.2175
GWB2
750224.0000 750415.
3960.
6.
160.
53.
9.
600.
330.
61.
14.
<
<
32.

17.

<
0.
0.
116.
0000
7000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0050
1000
0000
0780
0000
0008
0020
0000
0000
1858
3980.
6.
160.
52.
a.
540.
300.
47.
19.
<

0.
0.
0.


0.
0.
71.
GUB2 GWB2
0000 750422.0000
0000 4000.0000
7000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0050 <
4200
0000
0000
0000
00:2
0030
0000
0000
4302
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
14.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
.0050
.1300
29.0000
.0460
11.0000
.0005
.0040
0.0000
0.0000
40.1855
GWB2
750428.0000
4020.0000
6.7000
160.0000
53.0000
7.0000
530.0000
310.0000
12.0000
15.0000
< .0050
.1000
29.0000
.0300
11.0000
.0013
.0030
0.0000
0.0000
106.1393
ON
            POND B GROUND WELL  2
WELL DESIG
DATE
REC NO.
PH
ALKALINITY
CHLORIDE
COD
COND
TOS
TSS
SULFATE
ARSENIC
BORON
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MERCURY
SELENIUM
SULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
GM9Z
750708.0000
4040.0000
6.9000
170.0000
120.0000
10.0000
710.0000
470.0000
2300.0000
34.0000
< .0050
.2500
42.0000
< .0100
16.0000
< .0002
< .OOCO
0.0000
88.0000
300.2672
GKB2
750901.0000
4060.0000
6.8000
210.0000
92.0000
92.0000
800.0000
5^0.0000
460.0000
36.0000
.0070
1.1000
63.0000
.0140
16.0000
< .0002
.0020
0.0000
110.0003
318.1232
GWB2
751103.0000
4080.0000
7.0000
220.0000
26.0000
8.0000
690.0000
430.0000
130.0000
39.0000
< .0050
.2600
47.0000
.0500
19.0000
.0003
< .0010
0.0000
83.0000
214.3163
GWB2
760106.0000
4100.0000
7.2000
270.0000
52.0000
36.0000
350.0000
0.0000
0.0000
160.0000
< .0050
.1600
69.0000
1.4000
120.0000
.0006
.0020
0.0000
110.0000
512.5676
GWB2
760301.0000
4120.0000
6.9000
130.0000
51.0000
4.0000
480.0000
3CO.OOOO
600.0000
30.0000
.0050
.1000
34.0000
.0630
14.0000
.0020
< .0040
0.0000
70.0000
199.1740
GWB2
760503.0000
4140.0000
7.2000
170.0000
54.0000
7.0000
560.0000
360.0000
740.0000
93.0000
< .0050
< .0100
37.0000
.0110
11.0000
< .0002
.0050
0.0000
73.DOOO
268.0312
GWB2
760712.0000
4160.0000
7.3000
180.0000
88.0000
13.0000
680.0000
450.0000
640.0000
65.0000
< .0050
.9000
35.0000
.8200
14.0000
< .0002
.0030
0.0000
100.0000
303.7262
GWB2
770504.0000
4180.0000
6.6000
170.0000
72.0000
12.0000
550.0000
370.0000
220.0000
38.0000
.0060
.1500
41.0000
.0600
12.0000
.0014
< .0040
0.0000
75.0000
238.2214

-------
WHO t GROUND NEU I
WELL OESIS
DATE
PEC NO.
PH
ALKALINITY
CHLORIDE
COO
CONO
IDS
TSS
SUIFATE
ARSENIC
BOPON
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MERCURY
SELENIUM
SULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
9MB2
770707.0009
4200.0000
7.4000
120.0000
120.0000
16.0000
530.0000
430.0000
2200.0000
30.0000
.1500
.1300
25.0000
< .0103
16.0000
.0006
.0050
0.0000
100.0000
291.2956
GHB2
771100.0000
4220.0000
7.0000
74.0000
63.0000
8.0000
560.0000
450.0000
0.0000
32.0000
< .0040
.1200
20.0000
.0400
11.0000
.0003
.0030
0.0000
78.0000
229.1673
GMBZ
780316.0000
4240.0000
7.1000
170.0000
74.0000
0.0000
620.0000
370.0000
140.0000
28.0000
< .0020
.1100
26.0000
.1000
9.7000
< .0002
< .0020
0.0000
13.0000
150.9142
GWBZ
790511.0000
4260.0000
6.6000
160.0000
60.0000
5.0000
620.0000
360.0000
34.0000
63.0000
.0070
.0600
40.0000
< .0100
14.0000
.0004
.0040
0.0000
75.0000
252.0814
GUB2
780628.0000
4280.0000
8.2000
170.0000
0.0000
9.0000
660.0000
460.0000
510.0000
50.0000
< .0040
.1600
33.0000
.0900
14.0000
.0007
.0030
0.0000
84.0000
181.2777
 POND B GROUND HELL Z— AEROSPACE ---
HELL OESIG
DATE
REC NO.
PH
ALKALINITY
CHLORIDE
COO
CONO
TOS
TSS
SULFATE
ARSENIC
BOPON
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MERCURY
SELENIUM
SULFITE
500 1 Wf
TOTAL ELEH
GWB2
750211.0000
4300.0000
7.5400
171.0000
60.0000
35.0000
530.0000
320.0000
0.0000
18.0000
.0050
1.2000
40.0000
.0500
12.0000
.0001
.0090
.3000
0.0000
151.5641
GW32
750415.0000
4320.0000
7.5600
153.0000
73.0000
15.0000
440.0000
320.0000
0.0000
125.0000
.0050
.8000
12.0000
.0900
13.6000
.0004
.0070
.2700
0.0000
224.7724
GUB2
751103.0000
4340.0000
7.2400
233.0000
110.0000
10.0000
610.0000
408.0000
0.0000
27.0000
.0040
.3000
24.0000
.0100
14.0000
.0001
.0140
.5000
83.0000
256.8261
GUB2
760503.0000
4360.0000
7.9100
337.0000
89.0000
0.0000
650.0000
422.0000
0.0000
100.0000
.0010
.3000
55.0000
.0100
15.0000
.0004
.0900
0.0000
75.0000
334.4014
GWB2
770504.0000
4360.0000
7.3200
180.0000
105.0000
0.0000
540.0000
352.0000
0.0000
28.0000
.0090
.0500
31.0000
.0300
11.0000
.0001
.0006
0.0000
7.7000
162.7897
GMB2
780316.0000
4400.0000
6.1400
126.0000
150.0000
0.0000
606.0000
394.0000
0.0000
54.0000
0.0000
< .5000
19.0000
0.0000
9.6000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
100.0000
333.1000

-------
POND C SUPERNATE
WELL DESIG
DATE
REC NO.
PH
ALKALINITY
CHLORIDE
COD
CONO
TDS
TSS
SULFATE
ARSENIC
BORON
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MEPCURY
SELENIUM
SULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
PSC
750428.0000
4420.0000
11.2000
170.0000
560.0000
20.0000
2400.0000
1600.0000
9.0000
200.0000
.0080
.3400
590.0000
.0160
.2000
< .0002
.0030
0.0000
0.0000
1350.5672
PSC
750505.0000
4440.0000
10.3000
31.0000
240.0000
17.0000
2300.0000
1500.0000
31.0000
200.0000
< .0050
.2600
480.0000
.0360
.4000
< .0002
.0020
0.0000
0.0000
920.7032
PSC
750708.0000
4460.0000
8.3000
21.0000
440.0000
la.oooo
2700.0000
2100.0000
5.0000
600.0000
.0070
1.5000
450.0000
< .0100
3.0000
< .0002
< .0020
0.0000
49.0000
1543.5192
PSC
750901.0000
4480.0000
8.4000
30.0000
500.0000
19.0000
3600.0000
3200.0000
11.0000
1700.0000
.0060
2.3000
880.0000
.0190
5.3000
< .0002
.0060
0.0000
75.0000
3162.6312
PSC
PSC
PSC
PSC
751103.0000 760106.0000 760308.0000 760503.0000
4500.0000
8.3000
28.0000
430.0000
18.0000
3400.0000
3000.0000
43.0000
1100.0000
.0050
.6700
600.0000
< .0100
7.1000
< .0002
.0020
0.0000
68.0000
2205.7872
4520.0000
8.0000
40.0000
160.0000
10.0000
1600.0000
1800.0000
82.0000
890.0000
.0150
0.0000
600.0000
.0250
8.4000
.0003
.0040
0.0000
29.0000
1707.4443
4540.0000
7.3000
41.0000
430.0000
30.0000
3600.0000
3800.0000
7.0000
2300.0000
.0050
0.0000
1000.0000
< .0100
26.0000
< .0002
.0140
0.0000
78.0000
3834.0292
4560.0000
8.6000
54.0000
680.0000
35.0000
0.0000
4300.0000
22.0000
1600.0000
< .0050
1.1000
560.0000
< .0100
16.0000
.0006
.0310
0.0000
120.0000
2979.1466
POND C SUPERNATE
WELL DESIG
DATE
REC HO.
PH
ALKALINITY
CHLORIDE
COD
COND
TDS
TSS
SULFATE
ARSEIUC
BCRCU
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MERCURY
SELENIUM
SULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
PSC
760706.0000
4580.0000
7.8000
37.0000
500.0000
13.0000
2000.0000
2300.0000
15.0000
1100.0000
.0200
23.0000
460.0009
< .0100
7.2000
< .0002
.0140
0.0000
16.0000
2106.2442
PSC
761005.0000
4600.0000
8.2000
66.0000
460.0000
51.0000
3000.0000
3600.0000
13.0000
1900.0000
.0350
14.0000
490.0000
< .0100
25.0000
< .0002
.0270
0.0000
76.0000
2965.0722
PSC
761109.0000
4620.0000
8.0000
44.0000
220.0000
21.0000
2200.0000
2900.0000
6.0000
2000.0000
.0120
7.4000
690.0000
< .0100
29.0000
.0002
.0540
0.0000
38.0000
2984.4762
PSC
770302.0000
4640.0000
7.7000
42.0000
160.0000
15.0000
2200.0000
2700.0000
7.0000
1400.0000
< .0020
6.2000
620.00CO
.0100
20.0000
< .0002
.0200
0.0000
30.0000
2256.2332
PSC
770505.0000
4660.0000
6.6000
30.0000
45.0000
14.0000
1600.0000
2200.0000
6.0000
1400.0000
.0180
3.1000
540.0000
< .0100
7.9000
.0005
< .0020
0.0000
11.0000
2007.0305
PSC
770707.0000
4680. 0000
7.9000
38.0000
66.0000
17.0000
2000.0000
2500.0000
6.0000
1700.0000
.0260
.5500
610.0000
< .0100
7.4000
< .0002
.0190
0.0000
15.0000
2399.0052
PSC
770926.0000
4700.0000
7.4000
34.0000
60.0000
17.0000
2100.0000
2000.0000
13.0000
1100.0000
.0240
3.3000
680.0000
< .0100
9.0000
.0015
.0120
0.0000
13.0000
1665.3475
PSC
771216.0000
4720.0000
7.3000
28.0000
27.0000
4.0000
1600.0000
1400.0000
4.0000
860.0000
< .OOCO
1.3000
450.0000
< .0100
5.8000
< .0002
.0080
0.0000
6.1000
1350.2202

-------
WHO c
VTCLL DESI6
DATE
P.EC NO.
PH
ALKALINITY
CHLORIDE
COD
CCttlD
TOS
TSS
SULFATE
ARSENIC
BOPON
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MEPCURY
SELENIUM
SULFITE
5CDIUM
TOTAL ELEM
PSC
760316.0000
4740.0000
6.0000
29.0000
12.0000
6.0000
1700.0000
1500.0000
4.0000
290.0000
.0040
.5900
280.0000
<: .0100
3.4000
< .0002
.0030
0.0000
1.7000
587.7072
PSC
780511.0000
4760.0000
7.4000
32.0000
21.0000
16.0000
2400.0000
2300.0000
21.0000
1500.0000
.0220
1.7000
670.0000
< .0100
7.5000
< .0002
.0050
0.0000
6.3000
2206.5372
 POND C SUPEPNATE
— AEROSPACE  —
HELL DESI6
DATE
PEC NO.
PH
ALKALINITY
CHLORIDE
COD
COND
TDS
TSS
SULFATC
ARSENIC
BOPO'l
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGHESIOtl
MEPCUPY
SELENIUM
5UIFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
PSC
750426.0000
4780.0000
11.4300
173.0000
610.0000
49.0000
2400.0000
1560.0000
0.0000
175.0000
.0050
.1000
340.0000
.1400
3.7000
.0003
.0040
.6500
0.0000
1129.7993
PSC
751103.0000
4800.0000
7.3200
35.0000
540.0000
25.0000
3130.0000
296-0.0000
0.0000
1500.0000
.0060
2.4000
600.0000
< .0100
9.0000
.0003
.0060
< .1000
68.0000
2719.5223
PSC
760503.0000
4820.0000
8.2300
45.0000
680.0000
0.0000
4540.0000
4220.0000
0.0000
1500.0000
.0280
6.5000
650.0090
< .0200
22.0000
.0011
.1010
0.0000
122.0000
3160.6501
PSC
761109.0000
4640.0000
7.1500
40.0000
245.0000
0.0000
2760.0000
2750.0000
0.0000
1475.0000
.0160
7.6000
660.0000
.0450
23.0000
< .0001
.017J
0.0000
46.0000
2476.6804
PSC
770505.0000
4860.0000
7.0900
26.0000
150.0000
0.0000
1960.0000
1996.0000
0.0000
1350.0000
.0110
1.3000
550.0000
.0400
6.9000
< .0001
.0027
0.0000
10.0000
2066.2536
PSC
780309.0000
4880.0000
7.3600
13.6000
12.0000
0.0000
962.0000
690.0000
0.0000
586.0000
.0160
.6500
170.0000
.2000
4.3000
.0019
.0004
0.0000
2.0000
777.3683
PSC
760316.0000
4900.0000
7.4300
20.0000
10.0000
0.0000
1230.0000
1204.0000
0.0000
662.0000
0.0000
1.5000
230.0000
0.0000
4.6000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
3.0000
931.1000

-------
            POND C  LEACHATE
WELL DESIG
DATE
REC NO.
PH
ALKALINITY
CHLORIDE
COD
COND
TDS
TSS
SULFATE
ARSENIC
BORON
CALCIUH
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MERCURY
SELENIUM
SULFITE
SOOIUM
TOTAL ELEM
LWC
750428.0000
4920.0000
10. 4000
99.0000
2400.0000
140.0000
7500.0000
4700.0000
73.0000
750.0000
< .0050
.1900
2000.0000
.05ZO
5.4000
< .0002
.0110
0.0000
0.0000
5155.6562
LWC
750429.0000
4940.0000
11.8000
600.0000
2100.0000
140.0000
6500.0000
4600.0000
36.0000
44.0000
< .0050
.1300
2000.0000
.1100
.4000
< .0002
.0110
0.0000
0.0000
4144.6562
LWC
750505.0000
4960.0000
11.9000
720.0000
2100.0000
130.0000
6400.0000
4100.0000
30.0000
23.0000
< .0050
.1000
1900.0000
.1200
.1000
.0010
.0100
0.0000
0.0000
4023.3360
LWC
750707.0000
4980.0000
11.4000
300.0000
1200.0000
1300.0000
5600.0000
3200.0000
2800.0000
190.0000
< .0050
.3700
650.0000
.2200
8.3000
.0250
.0080
0.0000
150.0000
2193.9280
LWC
LWC
750901.0000 760106.0000
5000.0000
9.0000
44.0000
1100.0000
66.0000
50CO.OOOO
3300.0000
36000.0000
620.0000
.0200
1.4000
550.0000
.0160
.2000
< .0002
< .0020
0.0000
160.0000
2651.6382
5020.0000
7.3000
58.0000
1000.0000
30.0000
4000.0000
3500.0000
370.0000
870.0000
.0200
0.0000
790.0000
.1600
8.8000
.0036
.0030
0.0000
18.0000
2686.9866
LWC
LWC
760301.0000 760517.0000
5040.0000
8.1000
30.0000
380.0000
16.0000
3200.0000
3000.0000
160.0000
1000.0000
.0200
2.5000
980.0000
< .0100
12.0000
< .0002
.0120
0.0000
53.0000
2427.5422
5060.0000
8.2000
3.0000
610.0000
40.0000
4000.0000
3800.0000
370.0000
1200.0000
.0200
6.4000
600.0000
< .0100
8.9000
.0003
.0140
0.0000
0.0000
2625.3443
oo
            POND C LEACHATE
HELL DESIG
LWC
DATE 760706.0000
REC NO.
PH
ALKALINITY
CHLORIDE
COO
CONO
TDS
TSS
SULFATE
ARSENIC
EOPON
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MEPCURY
SELENIUM
SULFITE
SOOIUM
TOTAL ELEM
5060.0000
7.7000
60.0000
260.0000
42.0000
2600.0000
2900.0000
3900.0000
1600.0000
.0350
15.0000
730.0000
.0300
13.0000
.0009
.0160
0.0000
53.0000
2671.0819
LWC
LWC
LWC
LWC
770505.0000 770707.0000 770926.0000 780105.0000
5100.0000
6.9000
30.0000
160.0000
10.0000
2400.0000
2800.0000
53.0000
1700.0000
.0280
4.4000
620.0000
< .0100
9.2000
.0005
.0380
0.0000
27.0000
2520.6765
5120.0000
7.2000
42.0000
140.0000
22.0000
2400.0000
2800.0000
1600.0000
1600.0000
.0320
6.4000
680.0000
.0150
9.0000
.0002
.0250
0.0000
27.0000
2662.4722
5140.0000
7.3000
69.0000
260.0000
33.0000
3400.0000
3000.0000
2200.0000
1600.0000
.0220
5.5000
850.0000
.0260
18.0000
.0007
.0260
0.0000
64.0000
2797.5747
5160.0000
7.3000
48.0000
190.0000
21.0000
2700.0000
2400.0000
2700.0000
1400.0000
.0440
4.0000
650.0000
.0510
13.0000
.0006
.0060
0.0000
28.0000
2285.1016
LWC
LWC
760316.0000 760511.0000
5180.0000
8.0000
32.0000
81.0000
8.0000
2500.0000
2400.0000
47.0000
1300.0000
.OOQQ
l.EOOO
540.0000
< .0100
8.0000
< .0002
.0220
0.0000
17.0000
1947.2412
5200.0000
7.4000
48.0000
70.0000
17.0000
2600.0000
2400.0000
630.0000
1500.0000
.0200
2.8000
670.0000
.0420
10.0000
.0007
.0270
0.0000
20.0000
2272.8897

-------
 POND C ItKMMt
MELL OESIG
DATE
REC NO.
PH
ALKALINITY
CHLORIDE
COO
CON9
IDS
TSS
SULFATE
APSENIC
BOPOM
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MERCURY
SELENIUM
SULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
LUC
750211.0000
5220.0000
7.4600
56.0000
42.0000
20.0000
430.0000
260.0000
0.0000
225.0000
.0050
.1000
20.0000
.0400
14.0000
.0003
.0090
0.0000
0.0000
301.1543
LNC
750428.0000
5240.0000
10.6100
50.0000
2562.0000
0.0000
7500.0000
4720.0000
0.0000
75.0000
.0050
.1000
1960.0000
.3600
3.6000
.0001
.0110
4.5000
0.0000
4625.7761
IMC
760121.0000
5260.0000
6.6600
39.0000
1050.0000
60.0000
4160.0000
3540.0000
0.0000
1175.0000
.0210
1.0000
575.0000
< .0100
9.0000
.0012
.0220
0.0000
143.0000
2953.0542
IMC
760301.0000
5280.0000
0.0000
0.0000
330.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
1550.0090
0.0000
0.0000
600.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
2530.0000
LMC
760503.0000
5300.0000
7.2600
40.0000
530.0000
0.0000
4090.0000
3750.0000
0.0000
1500.0000
.0230
5.5000
700.0000
< .0100
12.0000
.0005
.1730
0.0000
102.0000
2899.7065
LMC
770302.0000
5320.0900
7.3300
35.0000
420.0000
0.0000
3390.0000
3120.0000
0.0000
1690.0000
.0020
5.0000
660.0000
.0600
11.0000
< .0001
.0206
0.0000
89.0000
2894.0627
LWC
770505.0000
5340.0000
6.9900
26.0000
260.0000
0.0000
2530.0000
2606.0000
0.0000
1675.0000
.0160
2.8000
690.0000
.2400
7.0000
< .0001
.0053
0.0000
26.0000
2661.0634
LMC
780309.0000
5360.0000
7.1700
17.0000
54.0000
0.0000
2060.0000
2160.0000
0.0000
1350.0000
.0330
2.6000
450.0000
.2300
11.0000
< .0001
.0001
0.0000
15.0000
1682.8632
 POND C LEACHATE
                     	 AEROSPACE
 HELL DESI6
 DATE
 REC NO.
 PH
 ALKALINITY
 CHLORIDE
 COO
 COHD
 TDS
 TSS
 SULFATE
 APSENIC
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MEPCURY
SELENIUM
SULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
       LWC
780316.0000
  5380.0000
     7.0300
    23.6000
    62.0000
     0.0000
  2160.0000
  2302.0000
     0.0000
  1368.0000
     0.0000
     2.4000
  480.0000
     0.0000
   11.0000
     0.0000
    0.0000
    0.0000
   16.0000
 1959.4000

-------
POND C GROUND HELL 1
WELL DESIG
DATE
PEC NO.
FH
ALKALINITY
CHLORIDE
COD
COND
TDS
TSS
SULFATE
ARSEHIC
BOPON
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MERCURY
SELENIUM
SULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
GWC1
740722.0000
5400.0000
7.7000
130.0000
10.0000
0.0000
400.0000
360.0000
720.0000
56.0000
< .0050
< .1000
29.0000
.1200
6.1000
0.0000
< .0020
0.0000
0.0000
101.3270
740729
5420
7
120
9
0
460
330
61
65
<
<
34

5

<
0
0
134
GWC1
.0000 740805
.0000
.4000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0050
.1000
.0000
.0400
.9000
.0290
.OOCO
.0000
.0000
.0760
5440
7
130
10
0
0
330
26
67
<
<
34

5

<
0
0
116
GUIC1
.0000 740903
.0000
.4000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0050
.1000
.0000
.0320
.7000
.0003
.0020
.0000
.0000
.8393
5460
7
96
7
0
0
450
0
ieo
<
<
83
<
12
<
<
0
0
282
GKC1
.0000 741007
.0000
.5000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0050
.1000
.0000
.0100
.0000
.0002
.OOCO
.0000
.0000
.1172
5460
7
47
13
0
0
370
1000
78
<
<
38
<
7
<
<
0
0
136
GWC1 GWC1
.0000 741209.0000
.0000 5500.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0050 <
.1000
.0000
.0100
.3000
.0002
.OOCO <
.0000
.0000
.4172
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
.0050
-COOO
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0. 0000
.OOCO
0.0000
0.0000
.C070
GUC1
750211.0000
5520.0000
6.6000
130.0000
14.0000
12.0000
450.0000
330.0000
0.0000
55.0000
< .0050
< .1000
33.0000
.0150
48.0000
.0004
< .OOCO
0.0000
0.0000
150.1224
GUC1
750423.0000
5540.0000
7.6000
82.0000
11.0000
7.0000
340.0000
240.0000
12.0000
50.0000
< .0050
.1100
15.0000
.0200
2.7000
.0011
< .0020
0.0000
0.0000
78.8361
POND C GROUND WELL 1
WELL OESIG
DATE
REC NO.
PH
ALKALINITY
CHLORIDE
COD
CONO
TDS
TSS
SULFATE
ARSENIC
BOPON
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MERCURY
SELENIUM
SULFITE
sooiuri
TOTAL ELEM
GUC1
750428.0000
5560.0000
7.6000
es.oooo
11.0000
5.0000
530.0000
300.0000
13.0000
0.0000
< .0050
< .1000
19.0000
.0220
3.1000
.0002
< .0020
0.0000
0.0000
33.2292
GWC1
750505.0000
5580.0000
6.7000
110.0000
12.0000
5.0000
450.0000
420.0000
28.0000
18.0000
< .0050
< .1000
32.0000
.0220
4.6000
.0052
< .0050
0.0000
0.0000
56.7372
GWC1
750708.0000
5600.0000
7.0000
120.0000
40.0000
5.0000
440.0000
650.0000
3000.0000
160.0000
< .0050
< .1000
40.0000
.1500
9.3000
.0009
< .0020
0.0000
53.0000
322.5579
GWC1
750901.0000
5620.0000
6.9000
80.0000
13.0000
8.0000
470.0000
550.0000
1200.0000
160.0000
.oroo
.7000
48.0000
.0630
7.4000
.0006
< .OOCO
0.0000
54.0000
£83.1856
GWC1
751103.0000
5640.0000
7.0000
76.0000
15.0000
7.0000
420.0000
400.0000
550.0000
88.0000
< .0050
.2-400
33.0000
.1500
7.1000
< .0002
< .0010
0.0000
53.0000
196.4962
GWC1
760301.0000
5660.0000
6.5000
80.0000
24.0000
5.0000
360.0000
330.0000
1600.0000
03.0000
< .0100
.1COO
230.0000
.5COO
32.0000
< .0002
< .0040
0.0000
62.0000
431.6542
GWC1
760503.0000
5680.0000
7.1000
100.0000
13.0000
15.0000
530.0000
430.0000
160.0000
190.0000
.0100
.1200
47.0000
.C400
3.9000
< .0002
.0070
0.0000
46.0000
300.2772
GWC1
760712.0000
5700.0000
6.9000
76.0000
14.0000
5.0000
360.0000
320.0000
75.0000
64.0000
< .0050
.0700
18.0000
.4100
3.4000
< .0002
< .0010
0.0000
54.0000
153.6662

-------
POND C WOUND MEU 1
WELL DESI6
DATE
REC NO.
PH
ALKALINITY
CHLORIDE
COO
cot jo
TDS
TSS
SULFATE
ARSENIC
POPON
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MERCURY
SELENIUM
SULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEfl
GWC1
770505.0000
5720.0000
6.3000
90.0000
15.0000
13.0000
370.0000
340.0000
270.0000
64.0000
.0020
.2800
24.0000
.0300
4.2000
.0003
.0040
0.0000
62.0000
169.5163
GWCl
771216.0000
5740.0000
6.5000
110.0000
17.0000
40.0000
460.0000
4SO.OOOO
12000.0000
50.0000
.0120
.2000
34.0000
.1800
8.4000
.0052
< .0020
0.0000
72.0000
161.7992
GWCl
780316.0000
5760.0000
6.3000
73.0000
20.0000
20.0000
3^0.0000
330.0000
240.0000
56.0000
< .0020
.1000
29.0000
.0580
22.0000
< .0002
< .0020
0.0000
47.0000
174.1622
GWCl
780511.0000
5780.0000
6.5COO
76.0000
24.0000
11.0000
420.0000
330.0000
210.0000
70.0000
.0050
.1700
19.0000
< .0100
4.5000
< .0002
< .0010
0.0000
66.0000
183.6862
GWCl
760628.0000
5800.0000
7.2000
60.0000
25.0000
7.0000
410.0000
370.0000
2600.0000
66.0000
< .0040
.2900
14.0000
.0650
3.6000
.0014
< .0010
0.0000
57.0000
165.9614
 POND C GROUND HELL 1	 AEROSPACE  —
HELL OESI6
DATE
REC NO.
PH
ALKALINITY
CHLORIDE
COO
CONO
TDS
TSS
SULFATE
ARSENIC
BOPON
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MEPCURY
SEIENIUM
SULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
6WC1
740904.0000
5620.0000
8.0800
106.0000
61.0000
7.0000
590.0000
460.0000
0.0000
250.0000
.0050
.1000
460.0000
.0500
18.0000
.0007
.0040
.2000
0.0000
609.3597
GWCl
750428.0000
5640.0000
7.3700
93.0000
55.0000
48.0000
330.0000
260.0000
0.0000
75.0000
.0050
.1000
12.0000
.0200
4.1000
.0003
.0120
.1900
0.0000
146.4273
GWCl
751103.0000
5860.0000
7.0800
76.0000
64.0000
10.0000
310.0000
340.0000
0.0000
70.0000
.0020
.5000
16.0000
< .0200
5.0000
.0001
.0160
.2000
57.0000
212.7401
GWCl
770505.0000
5880.0000
6.6800
94.0000
70.0000
0.0000
360.0000
328.0000
0.0000
65.0000
.0090
< .0500
17.0000
.0350
3.4000
< .0001
.OOCO
0.0000
53.0000
208.4951
GWCl
780309.0000
5920.0000
6.0500
61.0000
29.0000
0.0000
150.0000
316.0000
0.0000
64.0000
0.0000
< .5000
12.0000
0.0000
4.1000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
52.0000
161.6000

-------
            POND C GROUND HELL 2
WELL DESI6
DATE
REC NO.
PH
ALKALINITY
CHLORIDE
COO
COND
TDS
TSS
SULFATE
APSEHIC
BORON
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MERCURY
SELENIUM
SULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
GWCZ
740805.0000
5940.0000
7.3000
68.0000
14.0000
0.0000
0.0000
230.0000
210.0000
48.0000
< .0050
< .1000
31.0000
.0240
8.6000
.0002
< .0020
0.0000
0.0000
101.7312
GWC2
740903.0000
5960.0000
7.3000
80.0000
15.0000
0.0000
0.0000
170.0000
0.0000
30.0000
< .0050
< .1000
23.0000
0.0000
8.4000
< .0002
< .0020
0.0000
0.0000
76.5072
GWCZ
741007.0000
5980.0000
7.3000
99.0000
£6.0000
0.0000
0.0000
260.0000
120.0000
30.0000
< .0050
< .1000
26.0COO
< .0100
8.4000
< .0002
< .0020
0.0000
0.0000
90.5172
GUC2
741209.0000
6000.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
< .0050
< .1000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
< .0020
0.0000
o.ooco
.1070
GWCZ
750211.0000
6020.0000
7.2000
140.0000
63.0000
13.0000
610.0000
320.0000
0.0000
22.0000
< .0050
< .1000
38.0000
.0440
9.4000
.0002
< .0020
0.0000
0.0000
132.5512
GWCZ
750423.0000
6040.0000
7.2000
150.0000
85.0000
9.0000
540.0000
320.0000
48.0000
17.0000
< .0050
.1700
36 .0000
.0220
12.0000
.0003
< .0020
0.0000
0.0000
150.1993
GWCZ
750428.0000
6060.0000
7.2000
150.0000
66.0000
9.0000
570.0000
330.0000
20.0000
Z3.0000
< .0050
.2000
36.0000
.0200
15.0000
.0008
< .0020
0.0000
0.0000
140.2278
CMC 2
750505.0000
6060.0000
7.1000
160.0000
100.0000
18.0000
650.0000
400.0000
67.0000
52.0000
< .0050
.2500
44.0000
.0580
13.0000
.0028
< .0020
0.0000
0.0000
209.3178
to
            POND C GROUND WELL 2
WELL DESI6
DATE
REC NO.
PH
ALKALINITY
CHLORIDE
COD
CONO
TDS
TSS
SULFATE
ARSENIC
BORON
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MERCURY
SELENIUM
SULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
6WC2
750708.0000
6100.0000
7.0000
130.0000
110.0000
12.0000
850.0000
540.0000
3300.0000
110.0000
< .0050
2.5000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
.0009
< .0020
0.0000
0.0000
222.5079
GWC2
750901.0000
6120.0000
7.2000
120.0000
110.0000
10.0000
910.0000
840.0000
2500.0000
170.0000
< .0050
2.4000
120.0000
.1000
34.0000
< .0002
< .0020
0.0000
52.0000
468.5072
GMC2
751103.0000
6140.0000
7.3000
100.0000
130.0000
23.0000
980.0000
650.0000
4300.0000
200.0000
.0050
.6100
290.0000
.3000
84.0000
< .9002
< .0010
0.0000
59.0000
763.9162
GWC2
760315.0000
6160.0000
7.0000
130.0000
0.0000
5.0000
360.0000
230.0000
650.0000
26.0000
.0100
.5900
28.0000
.4800
22.0000
.0002
.0030
0.0000
26.0000
103.0632
GWC2
760503.0000
6180.0000
8.0000
150.0000
25.0000
25.0000
680.0000
500.0000
540.0000
240.0000
.0100
.6500
98.0000
.0280
13.0000
< .0004
.0040
0.0000
23.0000
399.6924
GWC2
760712.0000
6200.0000
7.5000
130.0000
37.0000
5.0000
410.0000
270.0000
270.0000
41.0000
< .0050
.3600
37.0000
.3200
15.0000
< .0002
.0010
0.0000
28.0000
158.6662
GWCZ
770505.0000
6220.0000
7.2000
120.0000
44.0000
19.0000
480.0000
370.0000
830.0000
92.0000
.0130
.8100
25.0000
.0650
16.0000
.0013
.0060
0.0000
58.0000
235.6953
GWC2
780105.0000
6240.0000
7.2000
84.0000
10.0000
21.0000
290.0000
300.0000
4800.0000
37.0000
.0340
.5500
39.0000
.0780
12.0000
.0010
< .0020
0.0000
24.0000
122.6950

-------
WHO C HOUND WEU I
UEU OESI6
DATE
PEC HO.
PH
ALKALINITY
CHLORIDE
COO
can
70S
TSS
SULFATE
ARSENIC
80RON
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MERCURY
SELENIUM
SULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEH
GWCZ
780316.0000
6260.0000
7.4000
98.0000
6.0000
28.0000
280.0000
190.0000
1900.0000
34.0000
< .0020
.4000
36.0000
.0730
15.0000
< .0002
< .0020
0.0000
12.0000
103.4772
6MC2
780511.0000
6280.0000
7.SOOO
100.0000
£0.0000
4.0000
350.0000
220.0000
150.0000
43.0000
.0050
.2900
44.0000
.0350
10.0000
.0003
< .0100
0.0000
17.0000
134.3403
GWC2
780628.0000
6300.0000
7.8000
110.0000
21.0000
4.0000
360.0000
280.0000
2300.0000
6.0000
< .0040
.2600
37.0000
.oeso
9.0000
.0010
< .0010
0.0000
15.0000
88.3540
 POND C GROUND HELL 2— AEROSPACE —
HELL DESIG
DATE
REC NO.
PH
ALKALIHITT
CHLOPIOE
COO
COND
TOS
TSS
SULFATE
APSEMIC
eoPON
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MEPCURr
SELENIUM
SULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELCM
GWC2
740904.0000
6320.0000
7.8800
81.0000
41.0000
0.0000
290.0000
154.0000
0.0000
37.0000
.0050
.4000
36.0000
.0300
13.0000
.0006
.0050
.1000
0.0000
127.5406
6HC2
750428.0000
6340.0000
7.3500
149.0000
99.0000
75.0000
530.0000
340.0000
0.0000
25.0000
.0050
.1000
32.0000
.0500
13.4000
.0003
.0100
.2800
0.0000
169.8453
GUC2
751103.0000
6360.0000
7.2000
101.0000
195.0000
19.0000
950.0000
672.0000
0.0000
150.0000
.0040
3.3000
48.0000
.0200
40.0000
.0002
.0040
.2000
58.0000
494.5202
PMC 2
760315.0000
6380.0000
0.0000
0.0000
42.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
28.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0090
70.0000
GHC2
760503.0000
6400.0000
7.8100
141.0000
54.0000
0.0000
550.0000
406.0000
0.0000
110.0000
.0010
.5000
78.0000
.0100
15.0000
.0096
.0520
0.0000
26.0000
283.5636
GKC2
770505.0000
6420.0000
7.3100
126.0000
98.0000
0.0000
520.0000
324.0000
0.0000
83.0000
< .0010
.6000
44.0000
.0300
11.9000
< .0001
< .0006
0.0000
53.0000
290.7317
GUC2
780309.0000
6440.0000
6.1200
92.0000
23.0000
0.0000
278.0000
206.0000
0.0000
30.0000
.0330
< .5000
26.0000
.2000
11.0000
.0016
.0001
0.0000
15.0000
105.7347
GMC2
780316.0000
6460.0000
8.2600
84.0000
8.4000
0.0000
246.0000
158.0000
0.0000
30.0000
0.0000
< .5000
21.0000
0.0000
8.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
11.0000
78.9000

-------
POND D SUPERNATE
HELL DESI6
DATE
PEC NO.
PH
ALKALINITY
CHLORIDE
COO
CONO
IDS
TS5
SULFATE
ARSENIC
BORON
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MERCURY
SELENIUM
SULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
PSD
741026.0000
6480.0000
6.9000
270.0000
2400.0000
0.0000
9000.0000
7300.0000
93.0000
1700.0000
.1800
110.0000
1500.0000
< .01SO
190.0000
< .0002
. 0-tOO
0.0000
0.0900
. 5900.2302
PSD
741209.0000
6500.0000
9.2000
310.0000
1000.0000
170.0000
5200.0000
4400.0000
1700.0000
980.0000
.0200
42.0000
1100.0000
< .0100
40.0000
< .0002
.0260
0.0000
0.0000
3162.0582
PSO
750211.0000
6520.0000
8.5000
97.0000
950.0000
11.0000
4000.0000
3400.0000
2900.0000
1100.0000
.2400
49.0000
Q30.0000
.0270
170.0000
< .oooe
.0750
0.0000
0.0000
3099.3422
PSD
750217.0000
6540.0000
8.3000
120.0000
1100.0000
19.0000
5600.0000
4400.0000
0.0000
2000.0000
.3000
64.0000
1000.0000
< .0100
200.0000
< .0002
.0800
0.0000
0.0000
4364.3902
PSO
750224.0000
6560.0000
8.1000
170.0000
670.0000
14.0000
3700.0000
3000.0000
90.0000
950.0000
.1200
35.0000
970.0000
.0120
180.0000
< .0002
.0600
0.0000
0.0000
2805.1922
PSD
750428.0000
6580.0000
8.0000
35.0000
260.0000
16.0000
1900.0000
1700.0000
8.0000
750.0000
.0050
11.0000
360.0000
< .0100
34.0000
< .0002
.0160
0.0000
0.0000
1415.0332
PSD
750708.0000
6600.0000
8.4000
40.0000
200.0000
31.0000
2700.0000
2900.0000
7.0000
130.0000
.0350
10.0000
850.0000
< .0100
17.0000
.0016
< .00:0
0.0000
13.0000
1220.0486
PSD
750901.0000
6620.0000
8.0000
38.0000
200.0000
39.0000
3300.0000
3500.0000
11.0000
2600.0000
.4700
16.0000
1200.0000
.0230
22.0000
< .0002
< .0020
0.0000
20.0000
4058.4952
POND 0 SUPERNATE
WELL DESIS
DATE
REC HO.
PH
ALKALINITY
CHLORIDE
COD
cotro
TDS
TSS
SULFATE
ARSENIC
BORON
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MEPCURY
SELENIUM
SULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
PSD
751103.0000
6640.0000
8.3000
33.0000
90.0000
36.0000
2500.0000
2600.0000
14.0000
1200.0000
.5600
11.0000
710.0000
< .0100
36.0000
< .0002
< .0010
0.0000
22.0000
2069.5912
PSD
760106.0000
6660.0000
7.6000
30.0000
32.0000
5.0000
1000.0000
1000.0000
IS. 0000
660.0000
< .0050
0.0000
360.0000
.0100
14.0000
< .0002
< .0020
0.0000
7.0000
1073.0172
PSD
760301.0000
6680.0000
7.3000
24.0000
23.0000
0.0000
1000.0000
960.0000
2.0000
650.0000
.0250
1.0000
340.0000
< .0100
14.0000
.0006
.0040
0.0000
7.5000
1035.5396
PSO
760503.0000
6700.0000
7.8000
36.0000
23.0000
35.0000
1600.0000
1600.0000
74.0000
850.0000
.0100
1.0000
320.0000
< .0100
14.0000
< .0002
< .00*0
0.0000
12.0000
1220.0242
PSD
760706.0000
6720.0000
7.4000
42.0000
50.0000
25.0000
1100.0000
1200.0000
4.0000
1300.0000
.0480
.7000
320.0000
< .0100
6.9000
< .0002
< .0010
0.0000
0.0000
1679.6592
PSD
760909.0000
6740.0000
7.^000
660.0000
14.0000
45.0000
1600.0000
680.0000
9200.0000
2000.0000
.1600
1.7000
470.0000
.0910
32.0000
< .0002
.0020
0.0000
13.0000
2530.9732
PSD
761109.0000
6760.0000
7.1000
30.0000
90.0000
17.0000
1900.0000
2700.0000
8.0000
2100.0000
.0140
2.6000
560.0000
< .0100
41.0000
.0006
.0030
0.0000
19.0000
2832.6276
PSO
770223.0000
6760.0000
7.7000
53.0000
26.0000
24.0000
1600.0000
2400.0000
10.0000
160.0000
.0040
3.4000
610.0000
< .0100
23.0000
.0006
.0060
0.0000
13.0000
835.4206

-------
HELL OESIG
PSD
PSD
PSD
PSD
DATE 770504.0000 770707.0000 770926.0000 771104.0000
REC NO.
PH
ALKALINITY
CHLORIDE
COO
COHO
TOS
TSS
SULFATE
ARSENIC
PO"OH
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MERCURY
SELENIUM
SULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
6800.0000
6.3000
30.0000
8.0000
16.0000
1100.0000
1200.0000
5.0000
850.0000
.0250
.8000
340.0090
< .0100
8.9000
< .0002
< .0040
0.0000
7.3000
1215.0392
6820.0000
7.1000
26.0000
11.0000
24.0000
1600.0000
1900.0000
5.0000
1300.0000
.0870
.9400
460.0000
< .0100
6.8000
< .0002
.0030
0.0000
9.3000
1790.1402
6640.0000
7.3000
30.0000
7.0000
32.0000
1600.0000
1500.0000
7.0000
910.0000
.0860
.5400
480.0000
< .0100
9.4000
.0008
< .0020
0.0000
7.8000
1414.8388
6860.0000
7.5000
33.0000
7.0000
22.0000
1900.0000
1800.0000
11.0000
1100.0000
.0330
.7100
710.0000
< .0100
12.0000
< .0002
.0010
0.0000
7.4000
1637.1542
PSD
771216.0000
6880.0000
7.0000
26.0000
3.0000
9.0000
620.0000
450.0000
3.0000
260.0000
< .0020
.2COO
140.0000
< .0100
5.6000
< .0002
< .0020
0.0000
4.2000
433.2342
PSD
780316.0000
6900.0000
7.3000
36.0000
2.0000
7.0000
450.0000
330.0000
3.0000
56.0000
.P040
.1200
70.0000
< .0100
3.7000
< .0002
< .0020
0.0000
2.2000
136.0362
PSO
PSO
780511.0000 780628.0000
6920.0000
7.2000
40.0000
2.0000
22.0000
780.0000
610.0000
7.0000
350.0000
.0220
.1300
170.0000
< .0100
6.4000
.0006
< .0010
0.0000
4.2000
532.7636
6940.0000
7.2000
35.0000
2.0000
37.0000
1700.0000
1500.0000
16.0000
1000.0000
.0620
.5000
470.0000
< .0100
11.0000
.0003
< .0010
0.0000
6.7000
1490.2933
in
            POND D SUPEBNATE
	 AEROSPACE —
WELL DESIG
DATE
REC HO.
PH
ALKALINITY
CHLORIDE
COD
COM)
TDS
TSS
SULFATE
ARSENIC
BOPOM
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
HEPCUPV
SELENIUM
SULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
PSO
741026.0000
6960.0000
8.7000
0.0000
3000.0000
0.0000
5600.0000
6340.0000
30.0000
1550.0000
.0050
98.0000
1640.0000
.0400
.6000
9.0000
.0409
2.6000
0.0000
6291.4059
PSO
750211.0000
6980.0000
8.2700
66.0000
1100.0000
0.0000
3600.0000
3020.0000
0.0000
950.0000
.2600
44.0000
560.0000
.2100
152.0000
0.0000
.0620
1.5000
0.0000
2608.0520
PSO
750707.0000
7000.0000
7.4800
45.0000
205.0000
95.0000
2440.0000
3320.0000
0.0000
1700.0000
.0900
8.0000
460.0000
.0500
15.5000
0.0000
.0020
.3600
0.0000
2369.0020
PSO
751103.0000
7020.0000
7.2800
41.0000
225.0000
40.0000
2380.0000
2530.0000
0.0000
1625.0000
.0040
7.6000
600.0000
< .0100
37.0000
.0002
.0020
.1000
26.0000
2520.9162
PSO
760503.0000
7040.0000
6.9200
35.0000
84.0000
0.0000
1580.0000
1620.0000
0.0000
1000.0000
.0340
1.5000
400.0000
< .0100
19.0000
.0013
.0170
0.0000
120.0000
1624.5623
PSD
761109.0000
7060.0000
7.2300
46.0000
135.0000
0.0000
2330.0000
2514.0000
0.0000
1475.0000
.0160
4.0000
650.0000
.0350
30.0000
< .0001
< .0006
0.0000
22.0000
2316.0517
PSD
770505.0000
7060.0000
6.8100
27.0000
110.0000
0.0000
1190.0000
1118.0000
0.0000
775.0000
.0140
1.2000
330.0000
.0600
7.0000
< .0001
.0027
0.0000
7.8000
1231.0768
PSD
780309.0000
7100.0000
7.3200
6.0000
1.5000
0.0000
73.0000
36.0000
0.0000
12.0000
< .0040
< .5000
11.0000
.2000
1.1000
.0006
.0001
0.0000
1.0000
27.3047

-------
POND 0 SUPERNATE
— AEROSPACE —
HELL DESI6
DATE
PEC NO.
PH
ALKALINITY
CHLORIDE
COO
COt JO
TDS
TSS
SULFATE
ARSENIC
POP OH
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MERCURY
SELENIUM
SULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
PSD
780316.0000
7120.0000
7.5700
33.0000
z.aooo
0.0000
311.0000
258.0000
0.0000
135.0000
0.0000
.8000
46.0000
0.0000
4.1000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
z.sooo
190.6000

-------
POND 0
HELL DESI6
DATE
PEC NO.
FH
ALKALINITY
CHLORIDE
COD
conn
TDS
TSS
SULFATE
APSENIC
BORON
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MERCURY
SELENIUM
SULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
LMD
74102ft. 0000
7140.0000
7.6000
40.0000
210.0000
0.0000
1700.0000
1300.0000
lao.oooo
590.0000
.0050
4.4000
240.0000
< .0100
29.0000
< .0002
< .0020
0.0000
0.0000
1073.4172
LHD
741209.0000
7160.0000
a.eooo
200.0000
0.0000
60.0000
6500.0000
5200.0000
220.0000
590.0000
.0200
69.0000
1500.0000
< .0100
76.0000
< .0002
.0480
0.0000
0.0000
2245.0782
LWO
750211.0000
7180.0000
9.0000
160.0000
1400.0000
13.0000
5000.0000
4200.0000
0.0000
1200.0000
.0080
58.0000
1200.0000
.0150
66.0000
.0007
< .0020
0.0000
0.0000
3924.1057
LWD
750217.0000
7200.0000
9.1000
140.0000
310.0000
15.0000
4300.0000
3700.0000
0.0000
0.0000
.1100
48.0000
990.0000
.0370
56.0000
.0035
.1000
0.0000
0.0000
1406.2505
LWD
750226.0000
7220.0000
9.0000
120.0000
560.0000
0.0000
3200.0000
3500.0000
34.0000
1200.0000
.0700
39.0000
1200.0000
.0280
84.0000
.0013
.0160
0.0000
0.0000
3083.1153
LWO
750428.0000
7240.0000
0.7000
120.0000
1500.0000
27.0000
4400.0000
4000.0000
20.0000
1600.0000
.1600
47.0000
1100.0000
.0300
140.0000
.0008
.ooeo
0.0000
0.0000
4387.1988
LWD
750707.0000
7260.0000
8.3000
110.0000
610.0000
20.0000
4600.0000
4500.0000
1400.0000
1100.0000
.0060
55.0000
940.0000
.1600
180.0000
.0075
.0480
0.0000
38.0000
3123.2435
LWO
750901.0000
7280.0000
7.7000
54.0000
680.0000
21.0000
4200.0000
6000.0000
100.0000
1700.0000
1.0000
54.0000
1200.0000
.0210
170.0000
< .0002
.0140
0.0000
30.0000
3835.0352
•>• POND D LEACHATE
•N!
WELL OESIG
DATE
REC NO.
FH
ALKALINITY
CHLORIDE
COO
COND
TOS
TSS
SULFATE
APSENIC
BOPON
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MEPCUPr
SELENIUM
SULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM

LWD
751103.0000
7300.0000
6.9000
31.0000
450.0000
36.0000
3500.0000
3400.0000
120.0000
1200.0000
.0400
31.0000
940.0000
< .0100
79.0000
< .0002
.0060
0.0000
14.0000
2714.0562

LWO
760106.0000
7320.0000
9.0000
68.0000
260.0000
leo.oooo
2600.0000
2800.0000
220.0000
1200.0000
.1700
16.0000
1000.0000
.0700
26.0000
.0004
< .0040
0.0000
6.7000
2510.9444

LWD
760301.0000
7340.0000
6.8000
48.0000
56.0000
82.0000
2500.0000
2600.0000
23.0000
1100.0000
.4800
9.5000
1000.0000
.0750
16.0000
.0002
< .0040
0.0000
11.0000
2195.0592

LWO
760503.0000
7360.0000
7.6000
26.0000
160.0000
40.0000
2500.0000
2600.0000
7.0000
1200.0000
.1200
6.3000
470.0000
.0100
14.0000
< .0002
.0060
0.0000
17.0000
1889.4382

LWO
760706.0000
7380.0000
7.4000
54.0000
190.0000
54.0000
2400.0000
3000.0000
2400.0000
1500.0000
.4800
13.0000
640.0000
.0210
29.0000
.0006
.0320
0.0000
22.0000
2394.5338

LWO
760909.0000
7400.0000
6.0000
11.0000
100.0000
32.0000
eioo.oooo
2600.0000
4200.0000
2100.0000
.1700
7.4000
350.0000
.0220
20.0000
< .0002
.0020
0.0000
65.0000
2662.5942

LWD
761109.0000
7420.0000
4.6000
1.0000
100.0000
46.0000
2000.0000
2700.0000
10.0000
2300.0000
.4500
8.0000
640.0000
< .0100
22.0000
< .0002
.0130
0.0000
10.0000
3080.4732

LWO
770215.0000
7440.0000
6.6000
11.0000
100.0000
9.0000
2200.0000
2600.0000
27.0000
1800.0000
.2400
4.6000
700.0000
< .0100
19.0000
< .0002
.0100
0.0000
12.0000
2635.8602

-------
            POND D LEACHATE
HELL DESI6
DATE
REC NO.
PH
ALKALINITY
CHLORIDE
COD
cot 10
TDS
TSS
SULFATE
ARSENIC
BORON
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MERCURY
SELENIUM
SULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
two
770302.0000
7460.0000
6.2000
S.OOOO
100.0000
58.0000
2000.0000
2600.0000
46.0000
1800.0000
.0700
16.0000
570.0000
.0100
15.0000
< .0002
.0140
0.0000
13.0000
2514.0942
two
770504.0000
7480.0000
4.8000
4.0000
52.0000
36.0000
2000.0000
2600.0000
100.0000
1900.0000
.7000
4.8000
660.0000
.0120
18.0000
.0006
.0210
0.0000
11.0000
2646.5336
LHD
770713.0000
7500.0000
5.4000
5.0000
44.0000
120.0000
2300.0000
3300.0000
1400.0000
2100.0000
.1600
4.6000
630.0000
< .0100
22.0000
< .0002
.0140
0.0000
16.0000
2816.7842
LMO
770926.0000
7520.0000
5.4000
6.0000
24.0000
320.0000
2900.0000
2800.0000
6500.0000
1800.0000
.2200
4.0000
850.0000
.0150
26.0000
.0019
.1100
0.0000
12.0000
2716.3469
I WO
771104.0000
7540.0000
9.4000
75.0000
69.0000
34.0000
2600.0000
2600.0000
4200.0000
1800.0000
.0140
3.3000
990.0000
.0260
12.0000
.0006
.0300
0.0000
8.5000
2882.8706
LUO
771220.0000
7560.0000
4.7000
1.0000
16.0000
42.0000
2500.0000
2500.0000
4400.0000
1500.0000
.6200
2.2000
710.0000
.02CO
8.8000
.0008
.0060
0.0000
9.3000
2246.9488
two
760316.0000
7580.0000
4.0000
0.0000
14.0000
44.0000
2300.0000
2300.0000
1600.0000
1200.0000
.0880
1.2000
680.0000
< .0100
7.1000
< .0002
.0020
0.0000
7.7000
1910.1002
LUO
780511.0000
7600.0000
4.1000
0.0000
11.0000
5.0000
2300.0000
2300.0000
130.0000
1500.0000
.4400
1.3000
580.0000
.0500
7.1000
.0010
.0030
0.0000
8.1000
2107.9940
00
            POND D  LEACHATE
            HELL DESIG
            DATE
            REC MO.
            PH
            ALKALINITY
            CHLORIDE
            COD
            COMO
            TOS
            TSS
            SULFATE
            ARSENIC
            BOPOM
            CALCIUM
            LEAD
            MAGNESIUM
            MERCURY
            SELENIUM
            SULFITE
            SODIUM
            TOTAL ELEM
780628
  7620
     6
     9
     9
    19
  2400
  2300
   330
  1500
   810

     6
     0
     0
  2334
 LWD
 0000
 0000
,3000
 0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0620
.6800
,0000
.0540
,3000
 0012
.0010
 0000
 3000
 5982

-------
WHO 0 ICACHATt
	WROSPIkCE —
HELL DESI6
DATE
REC NO.
m
ALKALINITY
CHLORIDE
COO
CONO
TDS
TSS
SULFATE
APSEMIC
BOP ON
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MEPCUPY
SEIEI4IW1
SULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
LWD
741028.0000
7640.0000
7.6200
0.0000
265.0000
75.0000
1600.0000
1210.0000
790.0000
425.0000
.0040
7.6000
150.0000
.0130
8.1000
0.0000
.0066
1.3000
0.0000
877.2236
LWO
750211.0000
7660.0000
8.9600
53.0000
1300.0000
0.0000
5000.0000
3960.0000
0.0000
1425.0000
.0300
52.0000
960.0000
.2600
63.0000
0.0000
.0160
6.1000
0.0000
3806.4060
LWO
750707.0000
7660.0000
8.0300
130.0000
940.0000
95.0000
4270.0000
4240.0000
0.0000
1600.0000
.2100
58.0000
900.0000
.0500
18.0000
.0002
.0550
.4000
0.0000
3516.7152
LWO
751103.0000
7700.0000
4.5900
0.0000
490.0000
25.0000
570.0000
3370.0000
0.0000
1750. 0000
.0120
32.0000
760.0000
< .0100
99.0000
.0005
.0060
1.0000
14.0000
3146.0235
LWD
760121.0000
7720.0000
7.7900
1.0000
970.0000
50.0000
2740.0000
2970.0000
0.0000
1375.0000
.3400
1.3000
675.0000
< .0100
37.0000
.0012
.0040
0.0000
17.0000
3075.6552
LWO
760503.0000
7740.0000
5.6500
3.0000
240.0000
0.0000
2360.0000
2560.0000
0.0000
1400.0000
.9050
6.5000
600.0000
< .0100
18.0000
.0013
.0650
0.0000
17.0000
2282.4813
LWO
761109.0000
7760.0000
2.6000
0.0000
170.0000
0.0000
2670.0000
2436.0000
0.0000
1450.0000
.3200
8.8000
650.0000
.0250
14.0000
< .0001
.0047
0.0000
10.0000
2303.1493
LWO
770302.0000
7700.0000
2.6000
0.0000
155.0000
0.0000
2520.0000
£514.0000
0.0000
1725.0000
.6700
6.0000
630.0000
.0650
13.0000
< .0001
< .0006
0.0000
10.0000
2539.7357
POMD 0 LEACHATE
— AEROSPACE 	
HELL DESIG
DATE
REC NO.
PH
ALKALINITY
CHLCPIOE
COD
COND
70S
TSS
SULFATE
ARSENIC
EOCPM
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGMESIUT1
MEPCUPY
SELENIUM
SULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
LWD
770504.0000
7800.0000
5.3200
2.0000
160.0000
0.0000
2360.0000
2402.0000
0.0000
1625.0000
5.3000
4.7500
660.0000
.2300
13.9000
.0003
.0013
0.0000
10.2000
2499.3816
LWO
780309.0000
7620.0000
4.1800
0.0000
15.0000
0.0000
2070.0000
2164.0000
0.0000
1400.0000
.2500
2.6000
460.0000
.1400
8.8000
.0002
.0003
0.0000
7.0000
1893.7905
LWO
780316.0000
7640.0000
4.2800
0.0000
9.0000
0.0000
2060.0000
2277.0000
0.0000
1475.0000
0.0000
2.2000
500.0000
9.6000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
9.5000
2005.5000

-------
             POND D GROUND HELL 1
WELL OESI6
DATE
REC NO.
PH
ALKALINITY
CHLORIDE
COD
COND
IDS
TSS
SULFATE
ARSENIC
BOROM
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MERCURY
SELENIUM
SULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
GW01
740722.0000
7860.0000
7.1000
72.0000
20.0000
0.0000
220.0000
210.0000
2100.0000
16.0000
.0150
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
< .0002
< .0020
0.0000
0.0000
36.0172
GWD1
7^.0729.0000
78eo.oooo
6.8000
110.0000
50.0000
0.0000
420.0000
260.0000
100.0000
22.0000
.0080
< .1000
27.0000
.0790
11.0000
.0010
< .0020
0.0000
0.0000
110.1900
GU01
740805.0000
7900.0000
6.7000
140.0000
72.0000
0.0000
0.0000
330.0000
15.0000
14.0000
.0060
< .1000
30.0000
.0490
11.0000
< .OOOZ
< .0020
0.0000
0.0000
127.1572
GUD1
740903.0000
7920.0000
7.0000
140.0000
110.0000
0. 0000
0.0000
410.0000
0.0000
12.0000
.0050
< .1000
29.0000
0.0000
13.0000
< .0002
< .COCO
0.0000
0.0000
164. 1072
GUD1
741007.0000
7940.0000
6.8000
60.0000
89.0000
0.0000
0.0000
330.0000
64.0000
40.0000
.0050
< .1000
18.0000
.0100
6.8000
< .0002
< .0020
0.0000
0.0000
155.9172
GUD1
741028.0000
7960.0000
6.9000
52.0000
170.0000
0.0000
670.0000
420.0000
6600.0000
85.0000
< .0050
< .1000
17.0000
< .0100
7.3000
< .0002
< .0020
0.0000
0.0000
279.4172
GWD1
741104.0000
7960.0000
7.3000
100.0000
17.0000
0.0000
670.0000
510.0000
2200.0000
160.0000
< .0050
.2500
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
< .0020
0.0000
0.0000
177.2570
GWD1
741111.0000
8000.0000
7.8000
52.0000
12.0000
0.0000
600.0000
0.0000
0.0000
340.0000
< .0050
< .1000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
< .0020
0.0000
0.0000
352.1070
00
o
POND 0 GROUND HELL 1
WEIL DESIG GU01
DATE 741209.0000
PEC NO. 8020.0000
FH
ALKALINITY
CHLORIDE
COD
COUD
TDS
TSS
SULFATE
ARSENIC <
BOBON <
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MERCURY
SELENIUM <
SULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
.0050
.1000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
.0020
0.0000
0.0000
.1070
GUD1
750211.0000
8040.0000
6.9000
140.0000
150.0000
14.0000
700.0000
420.0000
0.0000
24.0000
< .0050
0.0000
66.0000
.0160
9.1000
< .0002
< .0020
0.0000
0.0000
249.1232
GU01
750217.0000
8060.0000
6.7000
150.0000
100.0000
24.0000
660.0000
360.0000
0.0000
7.0000
< .0050
< .1000
38.0000
.0320
8.9000
.0002
< .0020
0.0000
0.0000
154.0392
GWD1
750224.0000
6030.0000
6.7000
140.0000
100.0000
16.0000
660.0000
350.0000
190.0000
9.0000
< .0050
.1300
37.0000
.0900
16.0000
.0020
< .0020
0.0000
0.0000
162.2290
GW01
750428.0000
8100.0000
6.9000
150.0000
240.0000
14.0000
690-.0000
410.0000
12.0000
36.0000
< .0050
.1600
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
.0005
< .0020
0.0000
0.0000
278.1675
GUD1
750708.0000
8120.0000
6.9000
140.0000
160.0000
22.0000
890.0000
7-VO.OOOO
720.0000
74.0000
< .0050
.2200
53.0000
.2600
22.0000
.0011
< .0020
0.0000
110.0000
419.4881
GW01
750901.0000
8140.0000
7.0000
140.0000
320.0000
13.0000
1400.0000
870.0000
340.0000
320.0000
.0050
.6000
99.0000
.0190
29.0000
< .0002
< .0020
0.0000
120.0000
888.6262
GU'Dl
751103.0000
6160.0000
7.1000
54.0000
320.0000
0.0000
1200.0000
BOO. 0000
170.0000
130.0000
< .0050
.2400
160.0000
.3400
61.0000
< .0002
< .0010
0.0000
160.0000
831.5862

-------
             POND 0 WOUND MtU 1
WELL DESI6
DATE
RCC NO.
PH
ALKALINITY
CHLORIDE
COO
co>fl)
TO 5
TSS
SULFATE
ARSENIC
BOP CM
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MEPCUPY
SELENIUM
SULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
GH01
760315.0000
eieo.oooo
6.5000
61.0000
0.0000
13.0000
1300.0000
810.0000
490.0000
20.0POO
< .0100
.0700
160.0000
.3400
29.0000
.0002
.0020
0.0000
190.0000
399.4222
6W01
760503.0000
6200.0000
7.1000
66.0000
240.0000
27.0000
1100.0000
650.0000
400.0000
40.0000
< .0050
.1300
40.0000
.0120
15.0000
< .0002
< .0040
0.0000
140.0000
475.1512
GUQ1
760712.0000
82ZO.OOOO
7.3000
110.0000
350.0000
34.0000
1300.0000
830.0000
140.0000
40.0000
< .0050
.1700
02.0000
4.0000
27.0000
.0002
.0020
0.0000
100.0000
683.1772
GVID1
760914.0000
6240.0000
6.7000
62.0000
450.0000
42.0000
1500.0000
1100.0000
1300.0000
110.0000
< .0050
.1900
77.0000
.1600
33.0000
< .0002
< .0010
0.0000
18.0000
688.3562
6M01
770504.0000
8260.0000
6.5000
75.0000
310.0000
36.0000
1400.0000
750.0000
1300.0000
60.0000
.0380
.3000
64.0000
.0660
20.0000
.0028
< .0040
0.0000
150.0000
604.4306
6U01
771216.0000
8280.0000
6.6000
53.0000
reo.oooo
130.0000
1300.0000
770.0000
6700.0000
100.0000
.0090
.2400
49.0000
.2500
26.0000
.0006
.0030
0.0000
170.0000
625.5026
GU01
760316.0000
8300.0000
7.0000
76.0000
300.0000
60.0003
1600.0000
860.0000
210.0000
150.0000
< .0020
.2000
90.0000
< .0100
25.0000
< .0002
< .0020
0.0000
210.0000
775.2142
euoi
760511.0000
63*0.0000
7.1000
98.0000
240.0000
23.0000
1300.0000
6
-------
         POND D GROUND HELL 1	 AEROSPACE  	
HELL DESIG
DATE
PEC NO.
PH
ALKALINITY
CHLORIDE
COD
COHD
TOS
T5S
SULFATE
ARSENIC
BORON
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGMESIUM
MERCURY
SELENIUM
SULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
GWD1
741007.0000
6360.0000
7.7000
76.0000
170.0000
25.0000
380.0000
696.0000
0.0000
29.0000
.0040
.1000
10.0000
.0500
7.4000
.0010
.0020
28.0000
0.0000
244.5570
GW01
741028.0000
8360.0000
7.4800
0.0000
210.0000
0.0000
660.0000
324.0000
1010.0000
29.0000
.0040
.2000
20.0000
.0130
11.2000
.0013
.0000
.1000
0.0000
270.5263
6U01
750211.0000
8400.0000
7.4900
138.0000
135.0000
40.0000
640.0000
372.0000
0.0000
10.0000
.0050
1.0000
28.0000
.0400
17.0000
.0003
.0050
.6000
0.0000
191.6503
GW01
751103.0000
8420.0000
7.0100
60.0000
440.0000
25.0000
1.1000
690.0000
0.0000
15.0000
.0060
.9000
32.0000
< .0100
25.0000
.0003
.0040
.1000
149.0000
662.0203
GU01
760503.0000
8440. 0000
7.2700
86.0000
500.0000
0.0000
1.1000
642.0000
0.0000
18.0000
.0130
.5000
56.0000
< .0100
26.0000
.0006
.0520
0.0000
148.0000
748.5756
GUD1
770405.0000
8460.0000
7.1500
6S.OOOO
360.0000
0.0000
1140.0000
646.0000
0.0000
50.0000
< .0010
1.0000
55.0000
.0350
18.9000
< .0001
< .0006
0.0000
142.0000
626.9367
GUD1
780309.0000
8480.0000
8.0400
72.0000
730.0000
0.0000
1520.0000
looa.oooo
0.0000
200.0000
.0600
< .5000
80.0000
.2000
40.0000
.0026
.0004
0.0000
210.0000
1260.7630
GWD1
780316.0000
8500.0000
7.7700
46.0000
600.0000
0.0000
1560.0000
1020.0000
0.0000
210.0000
0.0000
< .5000
80.0000
0.0000
37.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
225.0000
1152.5000
oo
to

-------
POND
HELL DESIG
DATE
REC NO.
PH
ALKALINITY
CHLORIDE
COD
COND
TDS
TSS
5ULFATE
APSEHIC
ECPOS
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MEPCURY
SELENIUM
SULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
PSE
750211.0000
8520.0000
11.9000
410.0000
170.0000
6.0000
2600.0000
1300.0000
6.0000
220.0000
< .0050
.1100
19.0000
< .0100
.3000
.0008
< .0020
0.0000
0.0000
409.^278
PSE
750428.0000
8540.0000
10.2000
34.0000
110.0000
9.0000
1600.0000
1200.0000
12.0000
390.0000
< .0050
.3300
170.0000
.0360
1.0000
< .0002
.0030
0.0000
0.0000
671.3742
PSE
750708.0000
8560.0000
7.5000
27.0000
100.0000
7.0000
2000.0000
1700.0000
19.0000
840.0000
.0100
.6600
260.0000
.0110
3.7000
< .0002
< .0020
0.0000
140.0000
1344.3932
PSE
750901.0000
8580.0000
7.9000
26.0000
ea.oooo
15.0000
2500.0000
2200.0000
46.0000
1400.0000
.0100
.8000
400.0000
.0170
3.3000
< .0002
< .0020
0.0000
180.0000
2072.1292
PSE
751103.0000
8600.0000
7.9000
27.0000
110.0000
14.0000
2600.0000
2400.0000
120.0000
1100.0000
.0050
.2500
360.0000
.1000
4.1000
< .0002
< .0010
0.0000
190.0000
1764.4562
PSE
760106.0000
8620.0000
7.6000
32.0000
40.0000
8.0000
1200.0000
1ZOO.OOOO
26.0000
650.0000
< .0050
0.0000
400.0000
< .0100
4.5000
< .0002
.0040
0.0000
56.0000
1350.5192
PSE
760301.0000
8640.0000
8.0000
22.0000
6S.OOOO
14.0000
2300.0000
2200.0000
5.0000
1100.0000
.0050
.2200
500.0000
< .0100
2.1000
< .0002
< .0040
0.0000
170.0000
1840.3392
PSE
760503.0000
8660.0000
7.6000
32.0000
42.0000
27.0000
2400.0000
2300.0000
7.0000
1400.0000
< .0050
.2000
410.0000
< .0100
5.6000
< .0002
< .0020
0.0000
110.0000
1968.1072
00 POND E SUPEWATE
O)
HELL DESIG
DATE
REC NO.
PH
ALKALINITY
CHLOPIOE
COO
COND
TDS
TSS
SULFATE
APSENIC
BOPON
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MEPCUPY
SELENIUM
SULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM

PSE
760706.0000
8680.0000
7.3000
36.0000
22.0000
13.0000
1300.0000
1300.0000
14.0000
770.0000
< .0050
.5COO
300.0000
.0410
3.0000
< .0002
.0010
0.0000
38.0000
1133.6372

PSE
760914.0000
8700.0000
e.oooo
39.0000
43.0000
33.0000
2200.0000
2700.0000
82.0000
2200.0000
< .0050
1.2000
530.0000
.0320
4.9000
.0004
.0010
0.0000
59.0000
2838.1384

PSE
761109.0000
8720.0000
0.7000
22.0000
90.0000
14.0000
2000.0000
2400.0000
6.0000
1500.0000
< .0020
.6900
660.0000
< .0100
6.6000
< .0002
.0030
0.0000
110.0000
2367.5052

PSE
770223.0000
6740.0000
7.6000
34.0000
39.0000
15.0000
1200.0000
1100.0000
5.0000
870.0000
.0040
.5700
280.0000
< .0100
4.0000
.0002
.0020
0.0000
48.0000
1241.5P.62

PSE
770505.0000
8760.0000
6.8000
29.0000
16.0000
14.0000
1100.0000
1200.0000
6.0000
680.0000
.0090
.7000
270.0000
< .0100
4.0000
< .0002
.0030
0.0000
26.0000
996.7222

PSE
770707.0000
8780.0000
7.0000
32.0000
16.0000
16.0000
1000.0000
1000.0000
77.0000
0.0000
.0050
.6400
260.0000
< .0100
3.8000
< .0002
.OOcO
0.0000
21.0000
301.4572

PSE
770926.0000
6800.0000
7.3000
33.0000
42.0000
34.0000
1300.0000
1100.0000
38.0000
330.0000
.0040
.7200
220.0000
.0120
3.2000
< ,0002
< .0010
0.0000
32.0000
627.9372

-------
POND E SUPERNATE
                    — AEROSPACE —
HELL DESIG
DATE
REC NO.
PH
ALKALINITY
CHLORIDE
COD
COt JO
TOS
TSS
SULFATE
ARSENIC
BORON
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MEPCURY
SELENIUM
SULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
PSE
750211.0000
6620.0000
11.7900
536.0000
365.0000
20.0000
2900.0000
1440.0000
0.0000
250.0000
.0040
.4000
24.0000
.0500
30.0000
0.0000
.0013
.2800
0.0000
669.7353
PSE
750707.0000
6840.0000
6.9500
26.0000
245.0000
80.0000
1660.0000
1720.0000
0.0000
1000.0000
.0040
.7000
260.0000
.0500
3.3000
.0001
.0190
.1600
190.0000
1699.2531
PSE
751103.0000
6860.0000
7.2100
74.0000
170.0000
10.0000
2380.0000
2380.0000
0.0000
1375.0000
.0060
.6000
80.0000
< .0200
5.0000
.0002
.0160
.4000
195.0000
1826.2422
PSE
760503.0000
6880.0000
6.6600
32.0000
110.0000
0.0000
2270.0000
2310.0000
0.0000
1400.0000
.0230
1.5000
450.0000
< .0100
7.0000
.0007
.0430
0.0000
114.0000
2082.5767
PSE
761109.0000
6900.0000
7.1100
20.0000
175.0000
0.0000
2370.0000
2364.0000
0.0000
1425.0000
.0160
2.0000
500.0000
.0350
5.0000
< .0001
< .0006
0.0000
102.0000
2209.0517
PSE
770505.0000
8920.0000
6.8000
26.0000
110.0000
O.OOCO
1220.0000
1102.0000
0.0000
700.0000
.0030
1.9500
270.0000
.0750
3.2000
.0004
.0033
0.0000
25.0000
1110.2317

-------
        POND t
HELL DESIG
DATE
REC NO.
PH
ALKALINITY
CHLORIDE
COO
COHO
TOS
TSS
SULFATE
ARSENIC
POPON
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MEPCURY
SELENIUM
SULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
LWE
750211.0000
8940.0000
7.9000
120.0000
1000.0000
56.0000
4000.0000
2400.0000
0.0000
300.0000
.0270
.6800
98.0000
.0480
5.1000
.0005
< .0020
0.0000
0.0000
1403.8575
LWE
750428.0000
8960.0000
11.1000
4»0.0000
0.0000
320.0000
0.0000
3400.0000
14.0000
670.0000
.1400
.1400
13.0000
.0200
.5000
.0013
.0460
0.0000
0.0000
683.6473
LWE
750707.0000
8960.0000
11.2000
700.0000
650.0000
180.0000
4600.0000
2°00.0000
9300.0000
370.0000
.1100
< .1000
63.0000
.0550
23.0000
.0033
< .OOCO
0.0000
750.0000
1876.2703
LWE
750901.0000
9000.0000
10.7000
550.0000
25.0000
150.0000
4000. 0000
2700.0000
7600.0000
1100.0000
.0550
.8000
83.0000
.1400
13.0000
.0012
.0170
0.0000
610.0000
1832.0132
LWE
751103.0000
9020.0000
10.5000
330.0000
320.0000
240.0000
3700.0000
2700.0000
14.0000
850.0000
.0960
.3500
14.0000
< .0100
.2000
.0008
.0060
0.0000
630.0000
1814.6628
LWE
760106.0000
9040.0000
9.5000
190.0000
370.0000
110.0000
3300.0000
2700.0000
980.0000
1300.0000
.0550
3.0000
49.0000
.6100
3.5000
.0047
.0080
0.0000
0.0000
1726.1777
LHE
760301.0000
9060.0000
9.9000
110.0000
400.0000
0.0000
3700.0000
2800.0000
92.0000
1100.0000
.0650
.3000
28.0000
.0620
.9000
.0014
.0100
0.0000
0.0000
1619.3384
LHE
760503.0000
9080.0000
8.2000
110.0000
420.0000
110. OOCO
3eoo.oooo
2400.0000
1200.0000
1000.0000
0.0000
.0500
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
.0028
< .0040
0.0000
0.0000
1420.0568
00
         POND  E  LEACHATE
WELL OESIG
DATE
REC NO.
FH
ALKALINITY
CHLORIDE
COD
COND
TO 5
TSS
SULFATE
ARSENIC
EOPON
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MEPCURY
SELENIUM
SULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
LWE
760706.0000
9100.0000
7.6000
60.0000
350.0000
55.0000
3400.0000
2900.0000
150.0000
1000.0000
.0300
.5500
100.0000
.0130
11.0000
< .0002
.0060
0.0000
610.0000
2071.6012
LWE
761109.0000
9120.0000
7.3000
64.0000
260.0000
25.0000
3300.0000
3800.0000
63.0000
0.0000
.0170
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
.0004
0.0000
0.0000
140.0000
400.0174
LWE
770215.0000
9140.0000
7.9000
53.0000
190.0000
6.0000
3500.0000
3700.0000
98.0000
840.0000
.0040
.5800
500.0000
< .0100
25.0000
< .0020
.0030
0.0000
460.0000
2015. 5^90
LWE
770505.0000
9160.0000
6.4000
33.0000
220.0000
17.0000
3200.0000
3200.0000
14.0000
2500.0000
.0140
.4900
340.0000
< .0100
14.0000
.0006
.0020
0.0000
420.0000
3494.5166
LWE
770707.0000
9180.0000
7.2000
44.0000
180.0000
27.0000
3100.0000
3400.0000
340.0000
2200.0000
.0170
.6500
410.0000
< .0100
19.0000
.0003
.0050
0.0000
320.0000
3129.6623
LWE
770926.0000
°200.0000
7.2000
36.0000
120.0000
26.0000
3600.0000
3100.0000
18.0000
1900.0000
.0100
.7000
630.0000
.0120
13.0000
< .0002
.0030
0.0000
280.0000
2943.7252
LWE
771108.0000
9220.0000
7.8000
54.0000
180.0000
0.0000
4100.0000
3500.0000
41.0000
2000.0000
< .0040
.7000
0.0000
< .0100
19.0000
< .0002
< .0010
0.0000
340.0000
2539.7152
LWE
780316.0000
9240.0000
7.2000
74.0000
200.0000
260.0000
4400.0000
3700.0000
160.0000
1200.0000
.0220
.3000
400.0000
.0780
26.0000
.0004
< .0020
0.0000
430.0000
2338.4024

-------
         POND E LEACHATE
— AEROSPACE - —
HELL DESI6
DATE
REC NO.
PH
ALKALINITY
CHLORIDE
COO
COHO
TOS
TSS
SULFATE
ARSENIC
PORON
CALCIUM
LEAD
HAGMESIUM
MERCURY
SELENIUM
SULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
LME
750319.0000
9260.0000
8.6200
162.0000
1B50.0000
90.0000
3900.0000
2720.0000
0.0000
250.0000
.0100
1.6000
15.0000
.1300
30.0000
.0005
.0120
.2000
970.0000
3116. 95C5
LME
750707.0000
9380.0000
10.9600
566.0000
740.0000
245.0000
4160.0000
3200.0000
0.0000
800.0000
.0800
.6000
20.0000
.0500
.5000
.0003
.0430
- .3000
970.0000
2531.5733
LHE
751101.0000
9300.0000
9.7400
253.0000
490.0000
115.0000
4000.0000
2690.0000
0.0000
900.0000
.0140
.6000
< 20.0000
< .0100
0.0000
.0009
.0180
33.0000
590.0000
2028.6429
LME
760121.0000
93JO.OOOO
8.1000
79.0000
520.0000
60.0000
3330.0000
2640.0000
0.0000
1075.0000
.0760
.5000
30.0000
< .0100
.4000
.0007
.0050
0.0000
540.0000
2165.9917
LME
761109.0000
9340.0000
7.5400
71.4000
370.0000
0.0000
4180.0000
3750.0000
0.0000
1950.0000
.0320
1.8000
340.0000
.0350
22.0000
< .0001
.0013
0.0000
560.0000
3243.8684
LWE
770302.0000
9360.0000
7.0300
28.0000
250.0000
0.0000
3730.0000
3410.0000
0.0000
2175.0000
.0310
.7000
390.0000
.0550
12.0000
< .0001
< .0006
0.0000
460.0000
3287.7867
LHE
770505.0000
9380.0000
6.6100
26.0000
295.0000
0.0000
3550.0000
3164.0000
0.0000
1875.0000
.0090
.5000
360.0000
.2200
11.0000
< .0001
< .0006
0.0000
395.0000
2936.7297
LME
780316.0000
9400.0000
7.5200
0.0000
195.0000
0.0000
3910.0000
3884.0000
0.0000
2100.0000
0.0000
< .5000
460.0000
0.0000
34.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
445.0000
3234.5000
00
o>

-------
         WHO t BKWHB VfcU.
HELL DESIG
DATE
REC NO.
FH
ALKALINITY
CHLORIDE
COO
cora
TOS
TSS
SULFATE
APSENIC
BOPON
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MERCURY
SELENIUM
SULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
GUE1
750211.0000
9420.0000
6.6000
220.0000
55.0000
25.0000
680.0000
420.0000
0.0000
36.0000
< .0050
.2400
32.0000
.0250
9.4000
< .0002
< .0020
0.0000
0.0000
132.6722
GWE1
750426.0000
9440.0000
7.0000
220.0000
36.0000
10.0000
630.0000
390.0000
"0.0000
37.0000
< .0050
< .1000
26.0000
.0220
9.6000
.0040
.0020
0.0000
0.0000
108.9330
GWE1
750708.0000
9460.0000
7.0000
230.0000
55.0000
9.0000
660.0000
560.0000
4600.0000
86.0COO
.0050
.1400
49.0000
.5100
19.0000
.0013
.0030
0.0000
92.0000
301.6593
GME1
750901.0000
94?0.0000
7.0000
200.0000
40.0000
9.0000
580.0000
590.0000
24000.0000
460.0000
< .0050
.2000
65.0000
.2500
26.0000
< .0002
< .0020
0.0000
89.0000
700.4572
GWE1
751103.0000
9500.0000
7.2000
210.0000
65.0000
47.0000
640.0000
410.0000
0.0000
67.0000
.0050
.1800
16.0000
.6000
98.0000
< .0002
< .0010
0.0000
120.0000
386.7862
GWE1
760503.0000
9520.0000
7.3000
150.0000
38.0000
19.0000
640.0COO
420.0000
140.0000
150.0000
.0150
.0300
65.0000
.1400
7.7000
< .0002
.0060
0.0000
78.0000
338.8912
GUE1
760712.0000
9540.0000
7.6000
130.0000
41.0000
9.0000
470.0000
370.0000
1600.0000
77.0000
< .0050
39.0000
24.0000
.4600
9.8000
< .0002
< .0010
0.0000
79.0000
270.2662
GME1
770505.0000
9560.0000
6.6000
86.0000
49.0000
17.0000
430.0000
3:0.0000
920.0000
80.0000
.0120
.3000
25.0000
.0600
8.0000
.0009
.0020
0.0000
66.0000
228.3749
oo
         POND  E GROUND WELL 1
HELL DESIG
DATE
PEC NO.
PH
ALKALINITY
CHLORIDE
COD
COND
TDS
TSS
SULFATE
ARSENIC
BOPON
CALCIUM
LEAD
M/GHESIUM
MERCURY
SELENIUM
SULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
GUE1
780105.0000
9580.0000
6.6000
110.0000
42.0000
110.0000
300.0000
450.0000
7400.0000
59.0000
.OJOO
.1700
28.0000
.1100
11.0000
.0012
< .0020
0.0000
70.0000
210.3132
GME1
780316.0000
9600.0000
7.0000
95.0000
60.0000
120.0000
560.0000
320.0000
1100.0000
42.0000
< .0020
.1000
68.0000
.0620
18.0000
< .0002
< .0020
0.0000
50.0000
258.1662
GWE1
760511.0000
9620.0000
7.4000
140.0000
56.0000
9.0000
700.0000
550.0000
410.0000
110.0000
.0310
.1400
61.0000
.0280
12.0000
.0003
.0030
0.0000
73.0000
312.2023
GUE1
780628.0000
9640.0000
7.6000
160.0000
60.0000
11.0000
560.0000
600.0000
27000.0000
33.0000
< .0040
.1400
57.0000
.0900
14.0000
.0017
< .0010
0.0000
71.0000
255.2367

-------
        POND E WOUND  HELL 1---  AEROSPACE ---
HELL OESIG
DATE
PEC MO.
PH
ALKALINITY
CHLORIDE
COD
COHO
TDS
TSS
SULFATE
ARSEHIC
BOPOH
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MEPCUHY
SELENIUM
SULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
6ME1
750211.0000
9660.0000
7.3400
223.0000
115.0000
50.0000
640.0000
416.0000
0.0000
2&.0000
.0050
.1000
32.0000
.0400
15.0000
.0001
.0050
.3000
0.0000
190.4503
GWE1
750707.0000
9660.0000
7.2500
217.0000
71.0000
0.0000
550.0000
440.0000
0.0000
70.0000
.0040
.2000
13.0000
.0500
11.7000
.0004
.0005
.6400
0.0000
166.5949
GWE1
751103.0000
9700.0000
7.3700
177.0000
72.0000
10.0000
2440.0000
380.0000
0.0000
55.0000
.0100
.7000
a. oooo
< .0200
12.0000
.0003
.0020
.3000
99.0000
247.0323
GWE1
760503.0000
9720.0000
7.7800
0.0000
62.0000
0.0000
560.0000
304.0000
0.0000
80.0000
0.0000
1.0000
42.0000
< .0100
10.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
63.0000
278.0100
GHE1
770505.0000
9740.0000
7.2100
07.0000
88.0000
0.0000
420.0000
270.0000
0.0000
69.0000
.0080
.6000
23.0000
.0500
5.6000
.0001
.0027
0.0000
65.0000
251.2608
GWE1
760309.0000
9760.0000
7.9900
79.0000
67.0000
0.0000
413.0000
316.0000
0.0000
60.0000
.0700
< .5000
13.0000
.2400
12.0000
.0007
.0010
0.0000
65.0000
217.8117
GWE1
790316.0000
9780.0000
7.9900
106.0000
54.0000
0.0000
617.0000
462.0000
0.0000
125.0000
0.0000
4.2000
45.0000
0.0000
17.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
60.0000
305.2000
00
oo

-------
t GROUND WEU
HELL OESI6
DATE
REC NO.
FH
ALKALINITY
CH LOP IDE
COO
TOKO
TOS
TSS
SULPATE
ARSENIC
BOPOM
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MEPCURY
SELENIUM
SULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
GWE2
740805.0000
9600.0000
7.0000
110.0000
50.0000
0.0000
0.0000
400.0000
5400.0000
45.0000
.0230
< .1000
31.0000
.0950
24.0000
< .0002
< .0020
0.0000
0.0000
153.2202
CUE 2
740903.0000
9620.0000
7.2000
94.0000
28.0000
0.0000
0.0000
220.0000
0.0000
26.0000
< .0050
< .1000
22.0000
.0160
5.6000
< .0002
< .0020
0.0000
0.0000
81.7232
GHE 2
741007.0000
9840. COOO
7.2000
170.0000
66.0000
0.0000
0.0000
370.0000
160.0000
40.0000
< .0050
< .1000
23.0000
.0100
8.3000
< .0002
< .0020
0.0000
0.0000
157.4172
GUE2
741026.0000
9860.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
< .0050
< .1000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
< .ooro
0.0000
0.0000
.1070
6WE2
741104.0000
9860.0000
7.0000
100.0000
29.0000
0.0000
490.0000
320.0000
190.0000
69.0000
< .0050
< .1000
35.0000
.0100
8.8000
.0002
< .0020
0.0000
0.0000
141.9172
GWE2
750211.0000
9900.0000
6.9000
230.0000
63.0000
860.0000
1000.0000
460.0000
0.0000
52.0000
< .0050
.5000
72.0000
.8900
12.0000
.0005
< .0020
0.0000
0.0000
200.3975
GWE2
750426.0000
9920.0000
6.6000
160.0000
46.0000
31.0000
590.0000
350.0000
25.0000
50.0000
< .0050
.1500
34.0000
< .0100
8.5000
.0002
< .0020
0.0000
0.0000
138.6672
GWE2
750706.0000
9940.0000
6.8000
150.0000
52.0000
120.0000
600.0000
4CO.OOOO
7500.0000
67.0000
< .0050
.1800
62.0000
.2500
16.0000
< .0002
< .0020
0.0000
0.0000
219.4372
00 POND t GROT
vO
HELL OESIG
DATE
PEC NO.
FM
ALKALINITY
CHLOPIDE
COD
COtfl)
TDS
TSS
5ULFATE
ARSENIC
POT OH
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MEPCU9Y
SELENIUM
SULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
JNO HELL 2

GUE2
750901.0000
9960.0000
7.0000
120.0000
32.0000
37.0000
460.0000
340.0000
29000.0000
150.0000
.0150
.8000
71.0000
.0650
11.0000
< .0002
< .0020
0.0000
0.0000
Z64.9022


GWE2
760503.0000
9980.0000
7.3000
200.0000
28.0000
0.0000
64C.OOOO
430.0000
550.0000
100.0000
< .0050
.1000
55.0000
.0210
8.6000
< .0002
< .0040
0.0000
0.0000
191.9302


GHE 2
760712.0000
10000.0000
7.8COO
250.0000
38.0000
37.0000
570.0000
390.0000
150.0000
15.0000
< .0050
.3600
46.0000
.1700
8.4000
< .0002
.0010
0.0000
0.0000
107.9562


GUE2
760323.0000
10020.0000
7.1000
180.0000
21.0000
190.0000
500.0000
350.0000
3400.0000
43.0000
.0060
.1500
71.0000
.2800
7.1000
< .0002
< .0020
0.0000
41 .0000
183.5382


GWE2
780511.0000
10040.0000
7.2000
170.0000
20.0000
40.0000
500:0000
370.0000
1500.0000
60.0000
.0220
.1500
69.0000
.0920
6.6000
.0010
.0020
0.0000
29.0000
187.0670


GUE2
780626.0000
10060.0000
7.6000
170.0000
30.0000
19.0000
540.0000
400.0000
180.0000
58.0000
.0220
.2600
79.0000
.2000
8.1000
.0050
< .0010
0.0000
37.0000
212.6080

-------
          POND  E GROUND HELL 2— AEROSPACE	
WELL OESI6
DATE
REC MO.
PH
ALKALINITY
CHLORIDE
COO
COND
IDS
TSS
SULFATE
ARSENIC
POO ON
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
HEPCUBY
SELENIUM
SULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM

741028
10080
8
161
64
50
610
384
0
37


20

15
0


79
235
GUE2
.0000
.0000
.3600
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0050
.3000
.0000
.0300
.0000
.0000
.00*0
.3000
.0000
.6390

750426
10100
7
0
125
0
640
544
0
56


20

12
0


0
214
GUE2
.0000
.0000
.6300
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0050
.6000
.0000
.0900
.0000
.0000
.0030
.7000
.0000
.3980

750708
10120
6
176
64
15
500
400
0
110


37

7
0


0
219
GUE2
.0000
.0000
.8900
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0040
.2000
.0000
.0500
.5000
.0000
.0010
.4400
.0000
.1950

760503
10140
7
0
62
0
620
522
0
110
0
1
63
<
11
0
0
0
62
309
GWE2
.0000
.0000
.5100
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0100
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0100
VO
o

-------
          POND F UNDERDRAW
HELL DESIG
DATE
PEC NO.
FH
ALKALINITY
CHLORIDE
COD
COM3
TOS
TSS
SULFATE
ARSENIC
BCPOU
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MEPCURY
SELENIUM
SULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
UOF
770505.0000
10160.0000
10.5000
62.0000
890.0000
33.0000
3400.0000
4100.0000
12.0000
1400.0000
.0070
9.9000
750.0000
< .0100
Z.OOOO
< .0002
.0270
0.0000
50.0000
3101.9442
UDF
770713.0000
10160.0000
S.5000
40.0000
910.0000
27.0000
4800.0000
4000.0000
17.0000
1200.0000
< .0040
7.0000
1100.0000
< .0100
1.4000
.0010
.0340
0.0000
64.0000
3282.4490
UDF
770926.0000
lOcOO.OOOO
9.0000
43.0000
720.0000
17.0000
4200.0000
3700.0000
31.0000
1400.0000
.0030
16.0000
1200.0000
< .0100
19.0000
< .0002
.0240
0.0000
41.0000
3396.0372
UDF
771104.0000
10220.0000
7.9000
44.0000
1700.0000
15.0000
5300.0000
4100.0000
37.0000
1500.0000
.0040
12.0000
1600.0000
< .0100
6.7000
< .0002
.0240
0.0000
50.0000
4863. 73S2
UDF
760316.0000
10240.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
25.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
.0040
0.0000
290.0000
< .0100
30.0000
< .0002
< .0020
0.0000
97.0000
417.0162
UDF
780511.0000
10260.0000
7.7000
280.0000
50.COOO
15.0000
1500.0000
980.0000
25.0000
380.0000
.0060
1.2000
200.0000
< .0100
33.0000
.0006
< .0010
0.0000
92.0000
756.2176
vO
          POND F UNOERDPAIN   —- AEROSPACE ---
WELL DESIG
DATE
REC NO.
PH
ALKALINITY
CHLOPIDE
COD
COM)
TDS
TSS
SULFATE
APSENIC
POPOM
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MEPCUSY
SELENIUM
SULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
UDF
770505.0000
10260.0000
9.9200
44.0000
980.0000
0.0000
4130.0000
3342.0000
0.0000
1225.0000
< .0010
9.0000
940.0000
.3200
i.eooo
< .0001
< .0006
0.0000
51.0000
3207.1217
UDF
780309.0000
10300. OPOO
7.7100
200.0000
250.0000
0.0000
1460.0000
1182.0000
0.0000
430.0000
.0080
1.3000
200.0000
.2400
52.0000
< .0001
.0001
0.0000
90.0000
1023. 54P2
UDF
760316.0000
10320. OCOO
7.8100
60.0000
140.0000
0.0000
1820.0000
1848.0000
0.0000
1000.0000
0.0000
4.2000
360.0000
0.0000
50.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
8.9000
1563.1000

-------
         POND F  GROUND  WELL  1
HELL OESIG
DATE
REC MO.
PH
ALKALINITY
CHLORIDE
COD
COHO
TDS
TSS
SULFATE
ARSENIC
PORCH
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MERCURY
SELENIUM
SULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
GWF1
770505.0000
10340.0000
6.6000
160.0000
46.0000
14.0000
450.0000
£90.0000
ei.oooo
15.0000
.0030
.1300
43.0000
.OZbO
14.0000
< .0002
.0090
0.0000
43.0000
161.1672
GUF1
770707.0000
10360.0000
7.8000
140.0000
54.0000
16.0000
430.0000
250.0000
13.0000
32.0000
< .0020
.0400
42.0000
< .0100
9.5000
< .0002
< .0020
0.0000
35.0000
172.5542
GWF1
771216.0000
10380.0000
7.1000
130.0000
42.0000
18.0000
440.0000
240.0000
870.0000
< 2.0000
.0170
.0700
33.0000
.3800
14.0000
.0025
< .0020
0.0000
33.0000
124.4715
GWF1
780316.0000
10400.0000
6.7000
130.0000
64.0000
5.0000
490.0000
260.0000
420.0000
8.0000
< .0040
.0400
38.0000
.0110
12.0000
< .0002
.0020
0.0000
33.0000
155.0572
GUF1
780511.0000
10420.0000
6.7000
120.0030
110.0000
5.0000
700.0000
440.0000
1200.0000
16.0000
.0190
.0600
57.0000
.0350
22.0000
.0006
.0020
0.0000
60.0000
267.1166
GMFl
760628.0000
10440.0000
7.5000
110.0000
120.0000
7.0000
690.0000
390.0000
1600.0000
12.0000
< .0040
.1600
48.0000
.0700
19.0000
.0006
.0020
0.0000
43.0000
242.2366
         POND F  GROUND WELL 1--- AEROSPACE ---
M
WELL DESIG
DATE
REC NO.
PH
ALKALINITY
CHLORIDE
COD
CONO
TOS
TSS
SULFATE
ARSENIC
ECRON
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MERCURY
SELENIUM
SULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM

770505
10460
7
158
70
0
440
250
0
14

1
40

10
<
<
0
41
177
GHF1
.0000
.0000
.1800
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.ocoo
.0140
.5000
.0000
.0450
.9000
.0001
.0006
.0000
.0000
.4597

760309.
10480.
6.
120.
105.
0.
405.
258.
0.
10.

<
31.
.
13.
<
.
0.
40.
199.
GWF1
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0080
5000
0000
1600
0000
0001
0001
0000
0000
6682

780316.
10500.
8.
116.
100.
0.
413.
256.
0.
10.
0.
Z.
27.
0.
13.
0.
0.
0.
35.
187.
GWF1
0000
0000
1900
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
6000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
8000

-------
WHO F WOUND WEU 2
HELL DESIG
DATE
REC NO.
PH
ALKALINITY
CHLORIDE
COD
cotro
TDS
TSS
SULFATE
ARSENIC
BOP CM
CALCIUM
LEAP
MAGNESIUM
MEPCU9Y
SELENIUM
SULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
GUF2
770505.0000
10520.0000
7.1000
160.0000
22.0000
34.0000
600.0000
410.0000
33.0COO
58.0000
.0030
.3600
46.0000
.0120
13.0000
< .0002
< .0020
0.0000
110.0000
249.3772
6WF2
770707.0000
10540.0000
7.5000
200.0000
17.0000
11.0000
630.0000
470.0000
2.0000
63.0000
.0030
.0400
29.0000
< .0100
14.0000
< .0002
< .0010
0.0000
120.0000
263.0542
GUF2
770926.0000
10560.0000
7.6000
230.0000
30.0000
21.0000
700.0000
450.0000
26.0000
62.0000
.0040
.1400
36.0000
.0260
9.6000
.0021
< .0010
0.0000
13.0000
150.9731
6UF2
771104.0000
105SO.OOOO
7.5000
290.0000
15.0000
13.0000
700.0000
460.0000
19.0000
66.0000
< .0040
.1200
20.0000
.0440
12.0000
.0009
< .0010
0.0000
130.0000
253.1699
GUF2
771216.0000
10600.0000
7.4000
260.0000
15.0000
50.0000
710.0000
500.0000
1900.0000
72.0000
.OOtO
.0600
28.0000
.3800
15.0000
.0009
< .0020
0.0000
140.0000
270.4669
GUF2
780316.0000
10620.0000
7.1000
240.0000
12.0000
9.0000
610.0000
390.0000
26.0000
46.0000
< .0020
.OCOO
20.0000
.0160
9.1000
< .0002
< .0020
0.0000
110.0000
199.1402
GUF2
760511.0000
10640.0000
7.2000
270.0000
14.0000
7.0000
680.0000
450.0000
25.0000
66.0000
< .0040
.2600
28.0000
< .0100
11.0000
.0005
< .0010
0.0000
110.0000
231.2955
GUF2
780628.0000
10660.0000
7.8000
270.0000
15.0000
9.0000
690.0000
430.0000
500.0000
76.0000
< .0040
.1600
28.0000
.0760
13.0000
.0007
< .0010
0.0000
130.0000
262.2617

U)
WELL DESIG
DATE
REC HO.
PH
ALKALINITY
CHLOPIDE
COD
COMD
TDS
TSS
SULFATE
APSEHIC
PCPON
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MERCURY
SELENIUM
SULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEH
iJI'l/ Wt LI C 	

GWF2
770505.0000
10660.0000
7.5700
263.0000
75.0000
0.0000
510.0000
360.0000
0.0000
64.0000
.0310
.3000
27.0000
.0500
10.7000
< .0001
.0033
0.0000
96.0000
273.0844
- ntrru jrMVrL

GHF2
780309.0000
10700.0000
8.0200
245.0000
15.0000
0.0000
556.0000
472.0000
0.0000
60.0000
< .0040
< .5000
19.0000
.2000
11.0000
.0009
.0001
0.0000
110.0000
215.7050


6MF2
780316.0000
10720.0000
8.4000
127.0000
20.0000
0.0000
543.0000
360.0000
0.0000
54.0000
0.0000
1.7000
15.0000
0.0000
11.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
107.0000
208.7000

-------
POND 6 UNDERDRAIN
WELL DESI6
DATE
PEC NO.
PH
ALKALINITY
CHLORIDE
COD
COK'D
TDS
TSS
SULFATE
APSENIC
BORON
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MEPCURY
SELENIUM
SULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
UDG
770505.0000
10740.0000
6.8000
170.0000
260.0000
15.0000
2000.0000
2100.0000
4.0000
590.0000
< .0020
6.6000
260.0000
.0100
120.0000
.0006
< .0100
0.0000
30.0000
1566.6226
UDG
770707.0000
10760.0000
7.3000
99.0000
700.0000
14.0000
3700.0000
4300.0000
9.0000
1900 .0000
< .0040
23.0000
660.0000
< .0100
250.0000
< .0002
.0420
0.0000
31.0000
3564.0562
UDG
770926.0000
10760.0000
7.3000
66.0000
290.0000
24.0000
3200.0000
2900.0000
5.0000
1400.0000
< .0020
18.0000
880.0000
< .0100
130.0000
< .0004
.0190
0.0000
18.0000
2736.0314
UDG
760316.0000
10800.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
10.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
< .0040
0.0000
470.0000
< .0100
30.0000
< .0002
.0070
0.0000
6.5000
506.5212
UDG
780511.0000
10820.0000
6.9000
120.0000
300.0000
5.0000
3200.0000
2600.0000
220.0000
1300.0000
.0040
7.0000
590.0000
.0450
120.0000
.0003
.0050
0.0000
20.0000
2337.0543
UDG
760628.0000
10840.0000
7.4000
270.0000
300.0000
18.0000
3000.0000
2300.0000
390.0000
1000.0000
.0100
0.0000
640.0000
.1000
120.0000
.0005
.0140
0.0000
23.0000
20S3.1245
POND G UNOERDPAIN   --- AEROSPACE ---
WELL OESIG
DATE
PEC HO.
PH
ALKALINITY
CHLORIDE
COD
cot to
TDS
TSS
SULFATE
APSENIC
BOPON
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MEPCURY
SELENIUM
SULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
UDG
770505.0000
10860.0000
7.3000
175.0000
385.0000
0.0000
2250.0000
1720.0000
0.0000
900.0000
.0140
6.7000
390.0000
.1-300
103.0000
< .0001
.0017
0.0000
29.0000
1813.9058
UDG
780309.0000
10880.0000
7.4600
49.6000
930.0000
0.0000
3450.0000
3116.0000
0.0000
1475.0000
.ooeo
23.0000
600.0000
.6000
217.0000
.0010
.0004
0.0000
25.0000
3270.6094
UDG
760316.0000
10900.0000
7.6400
280.0000
900.0000
0.0000
3360.0000
2664.0000
0.0000
876.0000
0.0000
32.0000
410.0000
0.0000
249.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
52.0000
2519.0000

-------
POND 6 GROUND HELL 1
WELL DESI6
DATE
REC NO.
PH
ALKALINITY
CHLORIDE
COD
COf ID
TDS
TSS
SULFATE
ARSENIC
BOPCN
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MEPCUWY
SELENIUM
SULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
GWG1
770505.0000
10980.0000
6.0000
22.0000
12.0000
4.0000
170.0000
130.0000
160.0000
41.0000
.0040
.1500
14.0000
.0110
5.2000
< .0002
.0080
0.0000
14.0000
86.3732
CUG1
770707.0000
10940.0000
6.6000
23.0000
16.0000
4.0000
140.0000
150.0000
70.0000
28.0000
.0030
.0400
10.0000
.0100
4.2000
.0002
< .0010
0.0000
12.0000
70.2532
GWG1
771104.0000
10960.0000
6.6000
22.0000
12.0000
4.0000
170.0000
190.0000
300.0000
28.0000
< .0040
.0400
14.0000
.0270
4.3000
< .0002
.0010
0.0000
13.0000
71.3722
GWG1
771216.0000
109SO.OOOO
6.2000
26.0000
15.0000
49.0000
200.0000
340.0000
2700.0000
7.0000
< .0020
.0500
11.0000
.0720
4.6000
.0004
< .0020
0.0000
14.0000
51.7264
GMG1
780316.0000
11000.0000
6.1000
20.0000
12.0000
3.0000
100.0000
180.0000
1400.0000
52.0000
< .0020
.1300
12.0000
.0110
4.5000
< .0002
< .0020
0.0000
11.0000
91.6452
GWS1
780511.0000
11020.0000
6.1000
18.0000
13.0000
1.0000
180.0000
210.0000
1400.0000
40.0000
.0160
.1200
13.0000
.0150
5.6000
< .0002
< .0010
0.0000
11.0000
82.7522
GWG1
780628.0000
11040.0000
6.7000
24.0000
16.0000
3.0000
1600.0000
280.0000
1900.0000
20.0000
< .0040
.1100
14.0000
.0490
5.6000
.0011
< .0010
0.0000
12.0000
67.7651
VO POND 6 6ROI
Ul
HELL DESIG
DATE
REC MO.
PH
ALKALINITY
CHLOPIDE
COD
COHO
TOS
TSS
SULFATE
AP5ENIC
EOPOIJ
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MERCU9Y
SFLEUIUM
SULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
JND WELL 1 —

GW31
770505.0000
11060.0000
6.8000
20.0000
38.0000
0.0000
140.0000
116.0000
0.0000
36.0000
.0050
< .0500
8.0000
.0500
3.5000
< .0001
.0020
0.0000
13.0000
98.6071
- AEROSPACE •

GWG1
780309.0000
11060.0000
7.5600
0.0000
15.0000
0.0000
146.0000
156.0000
0.0000
31.0000
< . O0'»0
< .5000
6.6000
.2000
5.0000
.0010
.0001
0.0000
11.0000
69.5051
...

GWG1
780316.0000
11100.0000
7.8100
13.0000
11.0000
0.0000
154.0000
120.0000
0.0000
30.0000
0.0000
1.6000
7.0000
0.0000
5.1000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
11.0000
65.7000

-------
         POND S GROUND UELL  Z
WELL DESIG
DATE
REC NO.
PH
ALKALINITY
CHLORIDE
COD
CONO
TDS
TSS
SULFATE
ARSENIC
BORON
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MERCURY
SELENIUM
SULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
GWGZ
760914.0000
11120.0000
6.7000
9
-------
POND H RUNOFF
HELL DESIG
DATE
REC NO.
PH
ALKALINITY
CHLORIDE
COO
COW
TDS
TSS
SULFATE
ARSENIC
BOPOtl
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MERCURY
SELENIUM
SULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
PRH
771122.0000
11360.0000
7.6000
36.0000
760.0000
12.0000
3200.0000
3200.0000
13.0000
1500.0000
.0020
30.0000
020.0000
.0100
140.0000
.0002
.0010
0.0000
14.0000
3264.0132
PRH
771201.0000
11380.0000
7.3000
1200.0000
44.0000
16.0000
2400.0000
2500.0000
2300.0000
1500.0000
.0860
3.9000
760.0000
.0270
39.0000
.0150
.0550
0.0000
4.5000
2371.5850
PRH
771220.0000
11400.0000
7.7000
490.0000
100.0000
12.0000
2400.0000
2500.0000
2500.0000
1500.0000
.0780
6.6000
760.0000
0.0000
31.0000
.0012
.0780
0.0000
4.0000
2401.7572
POND H RUNOFF
	 AEROSPACE —
HELL DESIG
DATE
REC NO.
PH
ALKALINITY
CHLORIDE
COD
COMO
TDS
TSS
SULFATC
APSEHIC
PCPPN
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
ME PGUP Y
SELENIUM
SULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
PRH
771122.0000
11420.0000
7.5900
32.0000
390.0000
0.0000
2660.0000
2900.0000
0.0000
1625.0000
.0160
20.0000
660.0000
.1100
113.0000
.0030
.0030
0.0000
13.0000
2621. 1330
PRH
771214.0000
11440.0000
7.3000
56.0000
135.0000
0.0000
2060.0000
2350.0000
0.0000
1500.0000
.0190
60.0000
570.0000
.0900
27.0000
.0040
.0270
0.0000
4.0000
2316.1350
PRH
771220.0000
11460.0000
7.5300
22.0000
175.0000
0.0000
2160.0000
2397.0000
0.0000
1525.0000
< .0100
11.0000
610.0000
.0900
24.0000
.0020
.0100
0.0000
3.8000
2348.9130
PRH
760314.0000
11480.0000
0.0000
58.0000
500.0000
0.0000
2600.0000
£934.0000
3.6000
1475.0000
.0330
27.0000
630.0000
.3000
159.0000
.0008
.0006
0.0000
13.0000
2804.3344
PRH
760323.0000
11500.0000
0.0000
54.8000
45.0000
0.0000
2000.0000
2220.0000
14.4000
1475.0000
.0250
10.0000
550.0000
.4000
30.1000
.0027
.0008
0.0000
3.6000
2114.1285
PRH
760404.0000
11520.0000
0.0000
63.2000
7.0000
0.0000
1670.0000
2069.0000
50.4000
1275.0000
.0250
1.3000
520.0000
< .2000
14.6000
.0011
.0001
0.0000
3.5000
1821.8262
PRH
780420.0000
11540.0000
0.0000
41.0000
13.0000
0.0000
1960.0000
2216.0000
11.6000
1450.0000
.0250
< .5000
550.0000
.4000
13.1000
.0019
.0004
0.0000
2.4000
2029.4273
PRH
760425.0000
11560.0000
0.0000
65.4000
27.0000
0.0000
1980.0000
2156.0000
309.4000
1325.0000
.0330
1.7000
560.0000
.3000
12.7000
.0007
.0001
0.0000
2.6000
1949.3338

-------
        POND H Rl*»FF
                            	 AEROSPACE  	
HELL DESI6
DATE
PEC NO.
PH
ALKALINITY
CHLORIDE
COD
COHD
TOS
TSS
5ULFATE
ARSENIC
BOROM
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MEFCURr
SELENIUM
SULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM

780516.
11580.
0.
46.
5.
0.
1920.
2134.
4.
1325.
0.

570.
0.
11.
0.
0.
0.
2.
1915.
PRH
0000
0000
0000
4000
6000
0000
0000
0000
8000
0000
0000
7000
0000
0000
4000
0000
0000
,0000
,6000
.3000

780523.
11600.
0.
44.
7.
0.
1960.
2242 .
8.
1450.
,
1.
600.

5.


0.

PBH
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
2000
0000
0160
4000
0000
2800
1000
0013
0003
0000
9000
2064.6976

780628
11620
0
122
90
0
1940
2653
64
1500

9
700
<
36


0
11
2346
PRH
.0000
.0000
.0000
.4000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.6000
.0000
.0250
.0000
.0000
.2000
.2000
.0010
.0001
.0000
.1000
.5261
00

-------
POND H UNDERDRAW
HELL DESIG
DATE
REC NO.
PH
ALKALINITY
CHLORIDE
COO
CONO
IDS
TSS
SULFATE
ARSENIC
BOPON
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MERCURY
SELENIUM
SULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
UDH
770819.0000
11640.0000
7.1000
38.0000
2600.0000
120.0000
10000.0000
9400.0000
86.0000
1600.0000
< .0040
110.0000
1600.0000
< .0100
560.0000
< .0002
.1700
0.0000
77.0000
6747.1842
UOH
770820.0000
11660.0000
7.0000
54.0000
3200.0000
140.0000
11000.0000
9900.0000
290.0000
1600.0000
.0160
180.0000
1700.0000
.0230
620.0000
.0002
.1600
0.0000
71.0000
7371.1992
UDH
770621.0000
11660.0000
7.0000
46.0000
3200.0000
120.0000
12000.0000
9000.0000
56.0000
1600.0000
< .0040
140.0000
1600.0000
< .0100
660.0000
< .0002
.1600
0.0000
81.0000
7281.1742
UOH
770622.0000
11700.0000
7.0000
52.0000
3300.0000
140.0000
11000.0000
9COO.OOOO
43.0000
1600.0000
< .0040
130.0000
1700.0000
< .0100
690.0000
< .0002
.1900
0.0000
81.0000
7501.2042
UOH
770823.0000
11720.0000
7.0000
54.0000
3400.0000
120.0000
12000.0000
9600.0000
37.0000
1600.0000
< .0040
190.0000
1600.0000
< .0100
700.0000
< .0002
.1900
0.0000
82.0000
7572.2042
UDH
770824.0000
11740.0000
7.1000
54.0000
3300.0000
130.0000
12000.0000
9000.0000
35.0000
1700.0000
< .0040
110.0000
1600.0000
< .0100
730.0000
< .0002
.2000
0.0000
87.0000
7527.2142
UDH
770826.0000
11760.0000
7.1000
54.0000
2800.0000
140.0000
10000.0000
9700.0000
21.0000
1900.0000
< .0020
190.0000
1500. OPOO
< .0100
680.0000
< .0002
.1500
0.0000
75.0000
7145.1622
UDH
770628.0000
11700.0000
7.1000
54.0000
2600.0000
140.0000
10000.0000
9400.0000
23.0000
1800.0000
< .0020
200.0000
1400.0000
< .0100
670.0000
< .0002
.0250
0.0000
69.0000
6739.0372
vO POND H UNDEPOPAIN
vO
HELL DESI6
DATE
REC HO.
PH
ALKALINITY
CHLORIDE
COO
CCMD
TDS
TSS
SULFATE
APSEHIC
BO&OM
CALCIUM
LEAD
M»GHESIUM
MEPCUWr
SELENIUM
SUIFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM

UDH
770830.0000
11600.0000
7.1000
54.0000
2300.0000
140.0000
9300.0000
8900.0000
18.0000
1900.0000
< .0020
160.0000
1300.0000
< .0100
600.0000
< .0002
.1400
0.0000
50.0000
6330. 15ZZ

UDH
770901.0000
11820.0000
7.1000
57.0000
2200.0000
76.0000
9100.0000
8700.0000
20.0000
1800.0000
< .0020
80.0000
1300.0000
< .0100
580.0000
< .0002
.1500
0.0000
50.0000
6010.1622


770902
11840
7
50
2300
120
9000
7400
19

UOH
.0000
.0000
.1000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
1600.0000
< .0020
93.
1200.
<
620.
<
.
0.
37.
6050.
0000
0000
0100
0000
0002
1800
0000
0000
1922

UDH
770906.0000
11860.0000
7.3000
65.0000
2100.0000
74.0000
8700.0000
7200.0000
17.0000
1800.0000
< .0020
110.0000
1300.0000
< .0100
540.0000
< .0002
.1100
0.0000
36.0000
5886. 12ZZ

UDH
770912.0000
11880.0000
7.5000
69.0000
2200.0000
110.0000
8600.0000
7100.0000
15.0000
1600.0000
< .0020
97.0000
1100.0000
< .0100
530.0000
< .0002
.1400
0.0000
36.0000
5763.1522


770926
11900
7
86
1600
110

UDH
.0000
.0000
.3000
.0000
.0000
.0000
7900.0000
6700,
14.
1700.
<
66.
1200.
<
470.
0.
f
0.
34.
5290.
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0020
0000
0000
0100
0000
0000
0320
0000
0000
0440


771004
11920
7

UDH
.0000
.0000
.5000
92.0000
1800.0000
90.0000
6000.
.0000
6700.0000
18.
1800.
<
98.
1200.
<
450.
<
.
0.
34.
5382.
.0000
0000
0020
0000
0000
0100
0000
0002
0740
0000
0000
0362

UDH
771011.0000
11940.0000
7.8000
100.0000
1900.0000
90.0000
7800.0000
6600.0000
15.0000
1700.0000
< .0020
66.0000
1100.0000
< .0100
450.0000
< .0002
.0740
0.0000
35.0000
5271.0862

-------
           POND H UNDERDRAIN
HELL DESIG
DATE
REC NO.
PH
ALKALINITY
CHLORIDE
COD
COND
IDS
TSS
SULFATE
ARSENIC
BORON
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MERCURY
SELENIUM
SULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM

771104
11960
7
120
2000
90
7800
7100
29
1800
<
68
1<»00
<
510
<

0
44
5842
UOH
.0000
.0000
.8000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0040
.0000
.0000
.0100
.0000
.0002
.0410
.0000
.0000
.0552

771122
11980
7
1<*0
1900
84
7600
6700
11
1600

120
1000

440


0
60
5320
UDH
.0000
.0000
.4000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0020
.0000
.0000
.0100
.0000
.0002
.0230
.0000
.0000
.0352

780316
12000
0
0
0
29
0
0
0
0

0
490
<
23
<

0
46
559
UDH
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0040
.0000
.0000
.0100
.0000
.0002
.0090
.0000
.0000
.0232

780511
12020
7
260
2100
33
4900
3700
130
1200

47
690

320


0
49
4406
UDH
.0000
.0000
.5000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0060
.0000
.0000
.0320
.0000
.0014
.0140
.0000
.0000
.0534

780628
12040
7
180
aio
9
4100
3500
720
1700

22
680

270


0
44
3526
UDH
.0000
.0000
.6000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0060
.0000
.0000
.0300
.0000
.0004
.0100
.0000
.0000
.0464
O
o
            POND H UNDERDRAIN   --- AEROSPACE ---
WELL DESIG
DATE
REC NO.
PH
ALKALINITY
CHLORIDE
COO
COND
TDS
TSS
SULFATE
APSEHIC
BOPON
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MEPCURY
SELENIUM
SULFITE
SOOIUM
TOTAL ELEM
UOH
770505.0000
12060.0000
7.6100
128.0000
105.0000
0.0000
610.0000
418.0000
0.0000
147.0000
0.0000
< .0500
53.0000
0.0000
12.3000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
70.0000
387.3500
UDH
771115.0000
12030.0000
7.6000
123.0000
1500.0000
0.0000
7140.0000
6044.0000
0.0000
2000.0000
< .0100
60.0000
1070.0000
.2100
530.0000
.0030
.0020
0.0000
52.0000
5212.2250
UOH
771122.0000
12100.0000
7.2100
140.0000
1750.0000
0.0000
6760.0000
5690.0000
O.OOOD
1625.0000
< .0100
80.0000
1040.0000
.1900
500.0000
.0050
.0170
0.0000
47.0000
5042.2220
UDH
780309.0000
12120.0000
7.7000
279.0000
1350.0000
0.0000
3600.0000
2928.0000
0.0000
1025.0000
.0120
36.0000
490.0000
.6000
298.0000
.0017
.0003
0.0000
55.0000
3254.6140
UDH
780316.0000
12140.0000
7.8200
154.0000
240.0000
0.0000
1520.0000
1198.0000
0.0000
440.0000
0.0000
1.2000
140.0000
0.0000
41.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
85.0000
947.2000

-------
POND H GROUND HELL 1
HELL DESIG
DATE
REC NO.
PH
ALKALINITY
CHLORIDE
COD
conn
TDS
TSS
SULFATE
ARSENIC
B090N
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MEPCL'RY
SELENIUM
SULFITE
SODIUtl
TOTAL ELEM
GHH1
770505.0000
12160.0000
6.6000
130.0000
38.0000
110.0000
440.0000
310.0000
230.0000
58.0030
.0070
.1700
30.0COO
.0150
14.0000
< .0002
.0040
0.0000
45.0000
185.1962
GMH1
770707.0000
12180.0000
7.4000
109.0000
18.0000
8.0000
370.0000
290.0000
40.0000
79.0000
< .0020
.0200
36.0000
.0100
11.0000
< .0002
.0010
0.0000
33.0000
177.0332
GUH1
770926.0000
12200.0000
7.7000
120.0000
15.0000
32.0000
460.0000
440.0000
1600.0000
91.0000
.0220
.0600
48.0000
.0600
16.0000
.0004
< .0020
0.0000
36.0000
206.1444
GMH1
771104.0000
12220.0000
7.5000
110.0000
16.0000
3.0000
430.0000
320.0000
590.0000
87.0000
.0040
.0400
46.0000
.0340
13.0000
.0004
.0020
0.0000
36.0000
198.0804
GWH1
771216.0000
12240.0000
7.0000
110.0000
14.0000
0.0000
400.0000
330.0000
2500.0000
68.0000
< .0020
.0500
36.0000
.0800
15.0000
.0007
< .0020
0.0000
34.0000
167.1347
GUH1
780316.0000
12260.0000
6.9000
13.0000
94.0000
3.0000
590.0000
360.0000
810.0000
19.0000
< .0020
.1000
33.0000
< .0100
10.0000
< .0002
< .0020
0.0000
34.0000
190.1142
GUH1
780511.0000
12280.0000
7.0000
100.0000
72.0000
5.0000
480.0000
30Q.OOOO
1000.0000
30.0009
.0110
.1300
37.0000
.0180
12.0000
< .0002
.0010
0.0000
47.0000
198.1602
GWH1
780628.0000
12300.0000
7.2000
72.0000
64.0000
2.0000
370.0000
360.0000
2100.0000
15.0000
.0080
.1000
28.0000
< .0100
9.3000
< .0002
< .0010
0.0000
37.0000
153.4192
POND H GROUND HELL 1— AEROSPACE —
HELL DESIG
DATE
REC NO.
FH
ALKALINITY
CH LOP IDE
COD
COND
TOS
TSS
SULFATE
APSENIC
BOOON
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MEPCUPY
SELENIUM
SULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
GUH1
770505.0000
12320.0000
6.8100
133.0000
02.0000
0.0000
420.0000
296.0000
0.0000
58.0000
.0040
< .0500
35.0000
.0550
11.2000
< .0001
.0006
0.0000
45.0000
231.3097
C-WH1
780309.0000
12340.0000
8.1100
92.0000
30.0000
0.0000
372.0000
316.0000
0.0000
71.0000
.0080
< .5000
26.0000
.1600
12.0000
.0008
.0003
0.0000
35.0000
174.6691
GUH1
780316.0000
12^60.0000
8.1400
109.0000
36.0000
0.0000
382.0000
288.0000
0.0000
75.0000
0.0000
< .5000
23.0000
0.0000
12.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
32.0000
178.5000

-------
            POND H GROUND HELL 2
HELL DESI6
DATE
REC NO.
PH
ALKALINITY
CHLORIDE
COD
COND
TOS
TSS
SULFATE
ARSENIC
BORON
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MERCURY
SELENIUM
SULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
GWH2
760914.0000
1ZJBO.OOOO
7.1000
170.0000
98.0000
30.0000
590.0000
400.0000
71.0000
39.0000
< .0050
.1400
73.0000
.0480
22.0000
< .0002
< .0010
0.0000
4.5000
235.6942
GWH2
770505.0000
12400.0000
6.6000
150.0000
82.0000
9.0000
550.0000
370.0000
91.0000
48.0000
.0040
.2000
39.0000
.0650
14.0000
< .0002
.OOZO
0.0000
70.0000
253.2712
GWH2
771216.0000
12420.0000
6.9000
120.0000
76.0000
42.0000
570.0000
450.0000
4200.0000
< 20.0000
.0020
.0800
35.0000
.1700
19.0000
.0005
.0020
0.0000
48.0000
196.2545
GWH2
780316.0000
12440.0000
6.7000
68.0000
88.0000
8.0000
640.0000
400.0000
940.0000
14.0000
< .0020
.2100
34.0000
.0330
12.0000
< .0002
< .0020
0.0000
43.0000
191.2472
GHH2
780511.0000
12460.0000
6.6000
120.0000
98.0000
3.0000
550.0000
350.0000
4800.0000
< 1.0000
.0210
.0800
48.0000
.0550
21.0000
.OOP6
< .0010
0.0000
66.0000
234.1576
GWH2
760628.0000
12480.0000
7.3000
60.0000
100.0000
5.0000
470.0000
320.0000
3900.0000
9.0000
< .0040
.1800
30.0000
.0560
13.0000
.0010
.0020
0.0000
36.0000
188.2430
ts)
O
POND H GROUND WELL 2--- AEROSPACE 	
HELL DESIG
DATE
REC NO.
PH
ALKALINITY
CHLORIDE
COD
CONO
TDS
TSS
SULFATE
ARSENIC
ecpoN
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
HEFCURY
SELENIUM
SULFITE
5 ODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
GUH2
770505.0000
12500.0000
7.3000
152.0000
110.0000
0.0000
540.0000
346.0000
0.0000
45.0000
< .0010
.0500
39.0000
.0400
12.2000
< .0001
< .0006
0.0000
65.0000
271.2917
GWH2
780309.0000
12520.0000
6.0300
140.0000
154.0000
0.0000
476.0000
316.0000
0.0000
12.0000
.OOCO
< .5000
33.0000
.2000
16.0000
.0007
.0001
0.0000
52.0000
267.7068
GWH2
780316.0000
12540.0000
8.2900
122.0000
125.0000
0.0000
472.0000
289.0000
0.0000
9.0000
0.0000
1.4000
28.0000
0.0000
14.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
46.0000
225.4000

-------
                                  APPENDIX B

               METHODS USED TO DETERMINE  CHEMICAL  AND  PHYSICAL
                        CHARACTERISTICS OF FGD SLUDGES
B.I       METHODS OF CHEMICAL ANALYSIS USED BY AEROSPACE

          This  appendix  describes  the  analytical  techniques  used  by  The
Aerospace Corporation  to  determine the concentrations  of constituents in  the
flue gas desulfurization  (FGD)  sludges and pond water samples.*   The constit-
uents present in the liquors and water samples are  divided  into  the  following:
major chemical  species  (calcium,  sulfate, and chloride), trace  metal species,
and  additional  chemical  species.    Other  water  quality   tests   are   also
described.

          Consideration  was  given  to  the range of concentration of  the con-
stituents and to the corresponding  costs  of  the  analyses  to obtain data having
high precision  and  high accuracy.t

B.I.I     Major  Chemical  Species

Calcium  Determination

          Atomic absorption  spectrophotometry  is  presently used  for calcium
analyses.   Results for  solutions  analyzed by  this method were  in agreement
with  those  obtained by an oxalate titrimetric method to within  10X.
 *The methods used by TVA are given in:
  Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and Wastes, Second Edition,  Methods
  Development and Quality Assurance Research Laboratory, National  Energy Re-
  search Center, Cincinnati (1974).

  Standard Methods for the Examination of Water  and Wastewater,  Thirteenth
  Edition, American Public Health Association, New York.

 ^precision is defined as the relationship between a measured value and the
  statistical mean of measured values, and accuracy is the relationship between
  the true value and the mean measured value.
                                       203

-------
Sulfate Determination

          Standard  nephelometry  techniques  were  used for  this  analysis.   A
barium sulfate  precipitate  was  formed by the reaction  of  the  sulfate ion with
a  barium  chloranilate reagent.   The resulting  turbidity was determined  by a
spectrophotometer and compared  to a  curve prepared from standard  sulfate solu-
tions.  Although  multiple dilutions  are  necessary to  bring  the  concentration
to a range of optimum reliability, the error  is  less  .than 10%.

Chloride Determination
          A specific  ion  electrode was used to determine  the  concentration of
chloride  ions.   This method  has a  precision  of about  1% and an  accuracy of
about  5%.   Comparisons were  made with  results  of  titrations with silver ni-
trate.  The chloride  concentrations, measured  with  the  electrode  (1000 to 5000
ppm), in each case differed from  the corresponding  titration data by less than
5%.

B.I.2     Trace Metal Species

          Atomic  absorption spectrophotometry was  used  for  analyses of  the
following elements:   aluminum,  antimony,  arsenic,  cadmium, chromium,  copper,
cobalt, iron, manganese, mercury,  molybdenum,  nickel,  lead,  selenium, silicon,
silver, tin, vanadium,  and  zinc.   Results were verified by  analyzing National
Bureau of Standards (NBS) data.   Precision  and accuracy are  dependent upon the
means of activation,  the specific  element,  its relative concentration, and the
extent of  interference by  other  elements and matrix effects.   The precision
and accuracy of the measurements  of  concentrations  of  all elements that exceed
water quality  reuse  criteria  ranged between  5  and 20%.  However,  the preci-
sion, with furnace activation, of  trace  metals occurring at  very  low levels is
probably no better than 50%.

          Mercury was also  determined  using this technique; however, the mer-
cury was  reduced  to  the  elemental state with stannous chloride,  and  the ab-
sorption of the resulting mercury vapor was measured.   This method has a pre-
cision of about 20% and an accuracy of about 50%.

B.I.3     Additional  Chemical  Species

Sodium Determination

          Atomic  absorption  spectrophotometry  or flame  photometry was used to
determine sodium  ion  concentrations,  depending  on whether  the  concentrations
were relatively low or high.   Errors are typically  less than 10%.

Sulfite Determination
          Total sulfite was  determined using a specific  ion  electrode,  and no
significant interferences were  observed.   The oxidation  of the  sulfite  ion to
sulfate  is  a  very  rapid   reaction.    Scrubber  liquor  protected  from  the


                                      204

-------
atmosphere  typically shows  sulfite  concentrations  of  several hundred  milli-
grams  per  liter;  however, a  brief atmospheric  exposure  causes oxidation  and
reduces these concentrations by one or more orders  of magnitude.   The reported
sulfite measurements were for samples analyzed  immediately  upon arrival  in the
laboratory.   No specific action was  taken to inhibit oxidation other than to
ensure  that  the  samples  were  transported  to  the analytical laboratory  in
sealed  containers.   The exposure  to  air during sampling,  filtering,  and mea-
suring, however, resulted in the reduced sulfite concentrations reported.

phosphate  Determination

           The phosphate analysis was determined by spectrophotometry methods,
using  ammonium  molybdate  to  form the  molybdenum blue complex.

Nitrogen Determination

           Total nitrogen was determined  by the  Kjeldahl  method,  which  reduces
all  nitrogen to ammonia  with sodium thiosulfate.   The  ammonia was then dis-
tilled and the amount determined by  titration.  This method has a precision of
about   10%,  and accuracy  at the  levels  of  the concentrations  determined is
about  25%.

Fluoride Determination

           The fluoride ion was determined by the  specific ion electrode using
a Beckman  Model  4500  digital pH  meter.  There were  no  significant  interfer-
ences.  This method has a precision of about  5%,  and accuracy  of 20X  is  at-
tainable at the low levels measured.

Boron Determination
                                                                           «
           Boron was determined  spectrophotometrically with  the Hach DR2 using
 the Carmine method.

 Magnesium Determination

           Magnesium was  determined  by  atomic  absorption  spectrophotometry in
 the same manner as  were  the trace metals.

 B.i.4      Other Water Quality Tests

 Chemical  Oxygen Demand

            Chemical  oxygen demand was  determined by reacting the organics and
  sulfites  present  with potassium dichromate  and measuring the reduced  chromium
  by  spectrophotometry.   While  a precision  of  25X  is  attainable, accuracy de-
  pends on  the same history  (i.e.,  degree of exposure to  atmospheric  oxygen) and
  is  about  100%  for routine analysis.
                                        205

-------
Total Alkalinity

          Total  alkalinity  was  determined  by  titrating  a  25-mJl sample with
standard acid  to a  pH  of  4.0.  Total alkalinity is expressed as milligrams per
liter calcium  carbonate,  but is actually a  determination  of the buffering ca-
pacity  of  the liquor  due to a number  of  weak  acid  species (i.e., carbonate,
sulfite,  borate,  arsenite,  selenite,  and silicate).   Precision  is  about 5%,
and accuracy is estimated to be about  25%.

Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) Determination

          The  TDS  were determined gravimetrically  by evaporating a 25-tn£ sam-
ple to a constant weight  overnight  in  a tared weighing bottle at a temperature
of about 180°C.  Precision is  about  2%, and  accuracy is about 5%.

Total Conductance Determination
          This  measurement,  which  was  made  with  a  General  Radio impedance
bridge, Type  1650A, gave  an estimate of  the total ionic species in the sample.
Precision is  about  1%,  and  accuracy  is estimated to be about 2%.

pH Determination

          This  parameter was  measured with  a Beckman  Model  A500  digital pH
meter to a precision of 0.005  pH units and an accuracy of 0.01 pH units.

Analytical Methods  Applicable  to Sludge  Solids

          Sludge  solids were analyzed for  calcium,  sulfate,  sulfite, and car-
bonate in addition  to total solids and inert  material  (fly ash).

          Total calcium was determined by  atomic absorption spectrophotometry
after the sample had been dissolved  in hydrochloric acid.

          Sulfate  was   determined gravimetrically,  taking a  0.25-gram sample
which was  dissolved  in  hydrochloric acid.   The  solution was  filtered,  and
barium chloride was added  to  the hot filtrate  to  precipitate barium sulfate.
This was filtered  off  through a  tared Gooch  crucible  with a glass filter pad.
It was then dried and ignited  at 800°C,  cooled,  and weighed.

          Sulfite was determined volumetrically.  A 0.5-gram sample was care-
fully acidified,  using  phenolphthalein indicator,  then titrated directly with
standard iodine using starch indicator.

          Carbonate was determined by a  gravimetric method, after evolution as
C02, along  with S02,  by  acidifying  a 0.5-gram  sample in a  tared  flask.   The
flask was warmed  gently  to  expel all gases,  cooled,  and weighed.   The weight
decrease represents CO 2 + S02  and must be  corrected for the SC>2 content deter-
mined by iodometric titration.
                                      206

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B.2       TESTING  METHODS  USED  TO  DETERMINE  PHYSICAL   CHARACTERISTICS  OF
          TREATED SLUDGE

          The  physical   testing of  sludge material  Is  patterned after  the
American Society for  Testing  Materials  (ASTM)  standards as  indicated.   Devia-
tions from the recommended procedures, which are described below,  occurred be-
cause of  the dissimilarities  of  the sludge material  and  soil  properties for
which the ASTM standards directly apply.

B.2.1     Unconfined  Compressive Strengths

          Rectangular samples were  cut  from the  interior of the  Shelby tube
sludge  cores for unconfined  compressive strength measurements  (in accordance
with ASTM Designation D 2166-66,  "Standard  Methods of  Test for Unconfined Com-
pressive  Strength  of  Cohesive  Soil").   Typically,  the  samples  were about
1  in.   in cross-sectional area  and  about 2 in. in  height.  After measurement
of  dimensions, the  samples  were  weighed and placed in a vacuum oven at  approx-
imately 60°C for drying  to  constant weight.   Compressive strengths were mea-
sured  on  the unconfined  samples,   both  in the  as-received  condition  of  the
cores  and after drying,  using an Instron  testing machine to apply a compres-
sive load  at a constant rate  of  0.02 in./min.   Unconfined  compressive strength
is taken as  the maximum load attained per unit  area.   The applied loads were
recorded  continuously until structural failures were obtained.

B.2.2      Modified California Bearing Ratio (Load-Bearing  Strength)

           Load-bearing strengths were  measured for sludge  core samples,  using
a method  substantively similar  to  the  standard  bearing  ratio test for  com-
pacted soils  (ASTM Designation  D 1883-73).  A 0.95-cm-diam  (3/8-in.)  rod  was
 forced  into  the   sludge  core  samples  at  a  constant  rate  of  0.25 cm/min
 (0.1 in./min) with an  Instron  loading machine.   Penetration  loads were  re-
 corded continuously  to a maximum  penetration depth of 2.54 cm (1 in.).   The
 cylindrical  core sample  container  was sufficiently large,  7-cm (2.7-in.) diam
 by 10-cm  (4-in.)  depth, that edge  and  bottom effects  were negligible.  Tests
 were also made with  1.27-cm  (0.5-in.) and  2.54-cm (1-in.) diam rods which pro-
 duced  the  same  load-penetration curves  for all three  rods and confirmed that
 rod size was not a variable  in  these measurements.

 B.2.3     Ultimate Bearing Capacity

           Ultimate bearing capacity is a field measurement taken with a pene-
 trometer  (Soiltest,  Inc.,  Model CN-988),  using  a No.  1  probe  having a  cross-
 sectional  area  of  0.33  in2.  With a maximum  depth range  of 6 in.,  the pene-
 trometer is manually pushed  into  the  sludge material,  and the maximum  load per
 unit area  that  can be reacted by  the  material is taken as  the ultimate bearing
 capacity.
                                        207

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B.2.4     Permeability

          Constant  head  permeability  tests  (for  example,  ASTM  Designation
D 2434-68,  "Standard  Method of Test for Permeability  of  Granular Soils - Con-
stant Head")  and leaching tests were made  on monolithic  samples of 4 to 6 in.
in  height.   Five-in.-diam.  sections of treated sludge  taken  from the coring
tube were sealed with silicone elastomer in  plastic tubes.  After addition of
a  6-in.  column  of  water  above the  sludge,   the  tubes were  pressurized with
nitrogen  to 5 psi to accelerate  the tests if necessary.   The rate of permea-
tion  was  measured  and  converted  to permeability coefficients,  and  leachate
samples were collected  periodically.    The  pH  and TDS were  measured immedi-
ately, and  analyses for the  major  constituents were made  according to the pro-
cedures described under chemical  analyses.

B.2.5     Wet Bulk Density,  Percent  Solids
                                                                  o
          Samples were  cut from Shelby tube  cores  to  about 1 in.  in a cross-
sectioned area  about 2 in.  in height.   After measurement of  dimensions,  the
samples were weighed and placed  in a vacuum  oven at approximately  60°C for
drying  to  constant weight.   The  wet  bulk density  was taken  as  the  material
weight divided by the volume in the  as-received condition; percent solids were
taken as weight  of the material minus  the weight of the water (found by drying
the  sample),  divided  by  the  weight  of   the  material   in   the  as-received
condition.

B.3       TESTING PROCEDURES FOR  SOIL  ANALYSIS

          Approximately 100  grams  of each  sample were freeze-dried to constant
weight and  finely ground  in  a porcelain ball  mill.

B.3.1     Sulfate and Chloride Analysis

          An accurately weighed aliquot of about  10 grams of the freeze-dried
powder was  leached by 100 ml of boiling distilled  water for one hour.   The re-
sultant suspension  was flocculated  with KE^PO^ and  filtered  through Whatman
GF/F glass  fiber filters.   One-half of the  leachate was  titrated with AgN03
for chloride, and one-half  was precipitated  with BaSO,  for  sulfate.   Both Cl
and SO* were near the limit  of  detection in most of the samples.

B.3.2     Elemental Analysis

          An  accurately  weighed aliquot of about 5 grams  of  the freeze-dried
powder was  leached  for one  hour  with  boiling concentrated nitric  acid.   The
acid was  evaporated  to  near  dryness,  and  the sample  was  washed through What-
man 52 filter  paper  with  IN nitric  acid.  The  volume was adjusted  to 50 mA,
and Fe, Ca,  Cd,  As,  Se,  and Pb were determined  by atomic absorption spectrom-
etry.  As and Pb were determined  by flameless  AA  (HGA-2100),  whereas Fe, Ca,
and Cd were determined in the  flame.
                                      208

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          Mercury was  determined In  an aliquot of  the wet sediment  so  as to
avoid  possible  loss  during freeze-drying  and was  leached with  concentrated
HNO-j and KMnO^  in vessels  with air condensers  to  avoid loss during digestion.
Concentrations were converted  to dry  weight  using  the water content data after
the cold vapor AA determination.

B.3.3     Results
          The results of  the  analysis  are given in Table B-l.
                                        209

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                             TABLE B-l.  SUMMARY SHEET,  AEROSPACE SOIL SAMPLES,
                                              MARCH 1977 CORING OF  TVA/SHAWNEE PONDSa
Sample
I.D. Number
Pond Cf I in. below; surface
Pond C, 3 in. below surface
Pond C, 9 in. below surface
Pond D, 1 in. below surface
Pond D, 3 in. below surface
Pond D, 9 in. below surface
Pond E, 1 in. below surface
Pond E, 3 in. below surface
Pond E. 9 in. below surface
Location 1, 6 ft. 1 in. below
surface
Location 1, 6 ft. 3 in. below
surface
Location 1, 6 ft. 9 in. below
surface
Typical SoilBb
Water %
(wet sediment)
16.7
17.5
17.7
21.5
18.7
18.2
19. 0
20. 0
20.0
15.7
14.8
13.0
Concentration in Dry Sediment
S04, %
0.014
0. 015
0. 015
0.027
0. 037
0.037
0.062
0.046
0.028
0.005
<0. 001
0.010
Cl. %
0. 035
0. 043
0. 028
0.013
0.013
0.023
0.008
0.009
0.014
0.005
0.007
0.009
Fe. <%>
1.69
1. 72
1.78
1.06
1.06
1.26
1.57
2.07
1.80
1.86
1.75
1.27
1-2
Ca, %
0. 18
0. 16
0. 15
0.24
0.27
0.24
0.22
0.22
0.20
0.04
0. OS
0. 06
0. 1-0.6
Cd, ppm
<0.05
<0.05
<0. 05
<0. 05
<0.05
<0.05
<0.05
<0. 05
<0.05
<0.05
<0. 05
<0.05
<1
Pb, ppm
9.5
9.6
9.4
8. 5
8.6
8.8
8.6
12.3
10.8
8.4
9.4
8.4
15-25
A a , ppm
11.4
12. 3
13.2
7. 9
6.2
9.4
14. 1
16. 0
10.4
10.2
8. S
7. 7
5- 10
Se, ppm
<5
<5
<5
<5
<5
<5
<5
<5
<5
<5
< 5
< 5
<0. 5
Hg, ppm
0.014
0. 023
0.020
0.027
0.027
0. 035
0.033
0.024
0.033
0. 010
0. 019
0.005
0.03-0.06
N>
H*
o
       aAnaly«i« by B.J. Presley, Texas A&M (1977).


       bConnor and Schacklette, U.S.G.S. Professional Paper 574-F (1975).

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                                TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                          (Please read/MUructions on the reienc before complain?!
 REPORT NO
 EPA-600/7-80-011
                                                         RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
 TITLE ANDSUBTITLE
 )isposal of Flue Gas Cleaning Wastes: EPA Shawnee
 ield Evaluation-Third Annual Report
                                                        REPORT DATE
                                                       January 1980
                                                        PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
 AUTHORISI

R. B. Fling, P. R. Hurt, J. Rossoff, and J. R. Witz
                                                       . PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO

                                                       ATR-80|7660-05)-2
           ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
  he Aerospace Corporation
  nergy and Resources Division
  . O. Box 92957
Los Angfiles, CA  90009
                                                       10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
                                                       EHE624A
                                                       11. CONTRACT/OR ANT NO
                                                       68-02-2633
 2. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
  PA, Office of Research and Development
 industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
                                                       13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                                                        Annual; 9/74 - 6/78
                                                       14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                                                         EPA/600/13
 5. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES  TT^T>T DT      j. tfi    •  T !•   »ir  T      »» •! T\    01
                    IhRL-RTP project officer is Julian W. Jones, Mail Drop 61,
   919/541-2489. EPA-600/7-78-024 and -600/2-76-070 are previous annual reports.
             The report describes progress made on a field evaluation project being
 conducted by the EPA to assess techniques for disposing of power plant flue gas cleaning
 (FGC) wastes. The evaluation site is at TVA's Sbawnee steam plant in Paducah, KY. Two
 prototype scrubbers, using lime and limestone absorbents and rated at 10 MWe, produced
 the sludges used in the project. By mid-1978, eight ponds were being evaluated: two
 untreated, three chemically treated,  and three untreated with underdrainage. One
 underdrained pond contains sulfite sludge which has been oxidized to sulfate (gypsum).
 Groundwater, supernate, leachate, underdrain, runoff, and sludge and soil cores are being
 analyzed. After 3 years, the wastes in two of the chemically treated ponds and the
 untreated ponds with underdrainage are exhibiting the ability to shed water and to control
 seepage, respectively, and to support construction vehicles. The chemically treated pond
 under water reduces sludge permeability by about 1 order of magnitude as do the others
 and provides strength but not traction for vehicles. Gypsum dewaters and handles easily,
 but its runoff and leachate must be controlled to prevent discharge to water supplies It
 becomes structurally unstable when rewet; however, the disposal site can be managed to
          -        1 • i •                                   ^     ^^*r*r ****** W * 11M • BH^fc^^^A V**
 prevent these conditions.
                              KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                 DESCRIPTORS
                                            b IDENTIFIERS 'OPEN ENDED TERMS
 Pollution
 Waste Disposal
 Flue Gases
 Cleaning
 Calcium Oxides
 Calcium Carbonates
                     Scrubbers
                     Sludge
                     Gypsum
Pollution Control
Stationary Sources
Flue Gas Cleaning
                                            1». SECURITY CLASS 
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