United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office of Air Quality
Planning and Standards
Research Triangle Park NC 27711
EMB Report 80-WFB-3
February 1980
Air
?/EPA Nonfossil Fueled Boilers
Emission Test Report
Westvaco
Bleached Board Division
Covington, Virginia
-------
NONFOSSIL FUELED BOILERS
Emission Test Report
WESTVACO
Bleached Board Division
Covington, Virginia
December 3-8, 1979
February 11-13, 1980
Project No.: 80-WFB-3
Prepared for
Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
Emission Measurement Branch
Research Triangle Park
North Carolina 27711
by
J. A. Peters and W. H. McDonald
Contract 68-02-2818, Work Assignment No. 23
February 1980
MONSANTO RESEARCH CORPORATION
DAYTON LABORATORY
1515 Nicholas Road
Dayton, Ohio 45407
-------
CONTENTS
Section Page
I Introduction 1
II Summary of Results 2
III Process Description 24
IV Location of Sampling Points 26
V Sampling and Analytical Method 27
APPENDICES
A Complete Emission Results
B Field Data Sheets
C Visible Emission Field Data Sheets
D Boiler Monitoring Report
E Analytical Data Sheets
F Project Participants
111
-------
TABLES
Table
No. Pa<
1 Particulate Emission Data and Stack Gas
Parameters, Westvaco, Covington, Virginia
(English Units) 3
2 Particulate Emission Data and Stack Gas
Parameters, Westvaco, Covington, Virginia
(Metric Units) 3
3 Summary of Integrated Gas Analysis Results,
Westvaco, Covington, Virginia 4
4 Summary of Andersen Particle Sizing Results,
Westvaco-Covington Mill, Covington, Virginia ... 5
5 Summary of Trace Metal Emissions, Westvaco-
Covington Mill, Covington, Virginia,
February 12-13, 1980 9
6 Summary of Trace Metal Content of Boiler
Bottom Ash, Westvaco-Covington Mill,
Covington, Virginia, February 12-13, 1980 11
7 Summary of Trace Metal Content of ESP Fly
Ash, Westvaco-Covington Mill, Covington, Virginia. 11
8 Visible Emission Test Summary, Westvaco-Covington
Mill, Covington, Virginia 12
9 Summary of SOz Emissions, Westvaco-Covington Mill,
Covington, Virginia 20
10 Summary of NOX Emissions, Westvaco-Covington Mill/
Covington, Virginia 21
11 Summary of Fuel Analyses, Westvaco-Covington Mill,
Covington, Virginia 22
12 Boiler Operating Conditions, Westvaco-Covington
Mill, February 12-13, 1980 23
13 Precipitator Operating Conditions, Boilers 7 and
8, Westvaco-Covington Mill, February 12-13, 1980 . 23
14 Content and Order of the Impinger Portion of the
Modified Method 5 Train 28
IV
-------
FIGURES
Figure
No. Page
1 -. Schematic diagram of boilers and duct work
to ESP's, Westvaco-Covington Mill 25
2 Diagram of sampling location at the twin
ESP outlet stacks 26
3 Train components and sample recovery procedure
employing modified Method 5 equipment for
trace metals collection 29
-------
SECTION I
INTRODUCTION
The Bleached Board Division of the Covington Mill of Westvaco in
Covington, Virginia was emission tested by Monsanto Research
Corporation (MRC) for the Field Testing Section, Emission Measure-
ment Branch, of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
under Contract No. 68-02-2818, Work Assignment No. 23. The
objective of the sampling program was to obtain emissions data
from well-controlled sources for the development of new source
performance standards for nonfossil fuel boilers.
The field test work was monitored by Dan Bivins/ Field Testing
Section, Emission Measurement Branch, EPA. The sampling con-
ducted by MRC was directed by Windle H. McDonald as team leader.
Gaseous and particulate emissions were determined by simultaneous
sampling of the twin outlets of the electrostatic precipitators
serving Boiler #7 and Boiler #8. A sample of boiler fuel feed
•as collected with each run so that a material balance could be
jttempted.
The emission test at the Covington Mill was conducted by MRC
during December 3-8, 1979 and February 12-13, 1980. Problems
with the plant's coal feeding system and with MRC's sample box
heaters allowed only one run to be made in the December visit.
The February visit produced a full set of three runs at the twin
outlet stacks of the electrostatic precipitators serving boilers
£7 and 38. The collection methods employed were EPA Methods 3,
5, 6, 7 and 9, with particulate sizing by Andersen cascade
impactor and trace metal collection in the back half of the
Method 5 train. The trace metal samples collected were analyzed
using atomic absorption spectroscopy.
Quality assurance/quality control in.the sampling area covered
such activities as instrument calibration, using standard or
approved sampling methods, chain-of-custody procedures, and pro-
tocols for the recording and calculation of data. QA/QC in the
analysis area involved using only validated analysis methods,
periodic operator QC checking and training, sample QC by the use
of splits, reference standards, and spikes, and interlaboratory
audits.
-------
SECTION II
SUMMARY OF RESULTS
Pollutants measured in this emission test were particulate
matter, particle size, C02, CO, S02/ NOX/ trace metals, and
plume opacity. One emission test run was completed in December
1979 and three test runs were completed in February 1980. Both
sets of data are presented together; however, averages are based
on the February 1980 runs only.
The emission test at Wesvaco-Covington Mill consisted of simulta-
neous sampling at the stack ou-tlets of electrostatic precipita-
tors $7 and £8, which serve boilers #7 and #8.
The emission was originally scheduled for the week of December
3-8, 1979; however, a breakdown of the plant's coal feeding con-
veyor and sampling equipment malfunctions allowed only one com-
plete test run before postponement. The second visit was
rescheduled for February 1980.
Equipment setup for the second visit was on February 11. The
first test was performed on February 12. It was interrupted for
5 minutes due to clogging of the bark feeder but otherwise
proceeded normally. Average steam output for both boilers com-
bined was 490,000 Ib/hr. Soot was blown in both boilers during
this test run.
The second and third tests were performed on February 13.
Average steam outputs were 475,000 Ib/hr and 510,000 Ib/hr,
respectively. Soot blowing was not done during the last two
runs.
Particulate emissions data and stack gas parameters are summa-
rized in Tables 1 and 2. Run 1-B from the December test appears
to be an off value. Results of integrated gas analyses for each
test run are given in Table 3. A summary of the particle sizing
results is presented in Table 4.
Trace metals were collected in a modified back half of the EPA
.Method 5 train, and filter and probe wash particulate matter
were also analyzed for trace metals. Elements analyzed were
arsenic, cadmium, mercury, manganese, nickel, and lead. Table 5
contains a summary of amounts collected in each portion of the
train and stack emissions as determined by flowrates derived
-------
TABLE 1. PARTICULATE EMISSION DATA AND STACK
GAS PARAMETERS, WESTVACO, COVINGTON,
VIRGINIA (ENGLISH UNITS)
Cniiiions
Fun Mo.
CM '1
It
1-1
t-3
P-3
Avertae
CSP «f
1*
T-l
T-2
7-3
Averse
Dalr
Outlet
i:,'6/79
2/12/6C
2/13/BO
2/13/BO
t
Outlet
12/6/79
2/12/BO
2/13/BO
2/13/BO
b
r.in
120
96
96
96
120
96
96
9c
Tenrer-
•tuf e.
•r
352
372
370
363
368
Jit
365
380
382
382
Mo..
105.106
91.737
110,625
110.691
104,351
88.328
102.503
102.868
103,320
102. 697
0..
9.2
8.8
11.0
10.8
10.2
8.4
8.9
11.3
10.2
10.1
CO,,
11.0
10.2
9.2
9.7
9.7
11.2
12.2
8.9
10.1
10.4
N».
79.8
81.0
79.8
79.5
60. 1
80.4
79.0
79.9
79.7
79. S
H,0,
12.13
12.43
11.62
11.12
11.72
14.39
12.18
.11.36
10.76
11.43
IiO-
kinetic,
t
90.2
105.7
102.3
101.7
100.0
101.9
91.0
97.8
gr/dscf
0.0561
0.0301'
0.0113
0.0100
0.0172
0.0112
0.0219
0.0180
0.0077
0.0159
Actual
Ib/hr
52.4
23.75
10.7
9.5
14.7
8.5
19.2
15. e
6.B
14. C
Ib/ncBtu
B
0.0824
0.0391
0.0346
0.0520
a
0.0521
0.0440
0.016B
0.0376
Corrected,
er/dtcf
0.0634
0.0355
0.0147
0.0124
0.0209
0.0120
0.0215
0.0243
0.0091
0.0183
*No ite*» production tt-t (urnisned for December 1979 run.
b»ver<9es «it (sr tebruary 1980 runs only.
TABLE 2. PARTICULATE EMISSION DATA AND STACK
GAS PARAMETERS, WESTVACO, COVINGTON,
VIRGINIA (METRIC UNITS)
GuKions
Rur. Mo.
CSP 17
IE
p-1
K-2
fc-3
Aver.,,
CSP te
i*
T-l
T-2
T-3
Average
Date
Outlet
1J/6/79
2/12/80
2/13/80
2/13/BO
b
Outlet
1J/6/79
2/12/BC
2/13/BO
2/13/80
b
Tine.
ir.in
120
9*
96
96
120
9*
96
96
•ture.
•C
178
189
188
• 184
187
191
1*6
193
194
194
rlow.
dncnpK
2.977
2,598
3.133
3.135
2.955
2.501
2,«03
2,913
2.926
2,914
Oa.
\
9.2
B.B
11.0
10.8
10.2
e.4
B.»
11.3
10.2
10.1
CO,.
t
11.0
10.2
9.2
9.7
9.7
11.2
12.2
8.9
10.1
10.4
t
79.8
81.0
79.8
79.5
80.1
80.4
79.0
79.9
79.7
79.5
HaO.
t
12.33
12.43
11.62
11.12
11 72
14.39
12.18
11.36
10.76
11.43
I»o-
kinetic.
t
90.2
105.7
102.3
101.7
10O.O
101.9
91.0
97.8
Aftual
er/dncG ka/hr
0.1331 23.8
0.0691 10.8
0.0259 4.9
0.0230 4.3
0.0393 6.65
0.0256 3.8
0.0501 B.7
0.0411 7.2
0.0176 1.1
0.0363 6.3
kq/GJ
A
0.0355
0.0170
0.0149
0.0225
_•
0.0224
0.0190
0.0072
0.0162
Corrected.
ar/dncn
0.1452
..0813
3.0338
0.02BS
0.0479
0.0274
0.0493
0.0554
0.0209
0.0419
*MO iteiB production o«t» (unuihed for Decraber 1979 run.
CA»«r<9ei «r« (or rebrutry 1980 nini only.
-------
TABLE 3. SUMMARY OF INTEGRATED GAS ANALYSIS RESULTS,
WESTVACO, COVINGTON, VIRGINIA
Run No
ESP £7
1-B
R-l
R-2
R-3
ESP *8
1-A
T-l
T-2
T-3
Date
Outlet
12/6/79
2/12/80
2/13/80
2/13/80
Outlet
12/6/79
2/12/80
2/13/80
2/13/80
C02
11.
10.
9.
9.
11.
12.
8.
10.
/
0
2
2
7
2
2
9
1
02,
9.
8.
11.
10.
8.
8.
11.
10.
2
8
0
8
4
9
3
2
CO
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
;
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
N2,
79.
81.
79.
79.
80.
79.
79.
79.
MW,
lb/lb»mole
8
0
8
5
4
0
9
7
30.
30.
29.
30.
30.
30.
29.
30.
1
0
9
0
1
3
9
0
-------
TABLE 4. SUMMARY OF ANDERSEN PARTICLE SIZING RESULTS,
WESTVACO-COVINGTON MILL, COVINGTON, VIRGINIA
December 1979 test
Stage
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Final
filter
Percent in
size range
8.7
2.0
2.7
5.3
7.3
10.0
8.0
12.7
43.3
- ESP Outlet
Cumulative %
less than
size range
91.3
89.3
86.6
81.3
74.0
64.0
56.0
43.3
•
0
#7 (1-B)
Size range,
microns
>12.4
9.5 - 12.4
6.5 - 9.5
4.4 - 6.5
2.85 - 7.0
1.4 - 2.85
0.91 - 1.4
0.61 - 0.91
<0.61
Flow rate, acfra: 0.53
Isokinetic, %: 99.7
December 1979 test - ESP Outlet
Stage
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Final
filter
Percent in
size range
35.8
8.8
5.4
8.8
4.3
4.3
7.1
5.1
20.4
Cumulative %
less than
size range
64.2
55.4
50.0
41.2
36.9
32.6
25.5
20.4
0
*8 (1-A)
Size range,
microns
>16.5
10.3 - 16.5
7.0 - 10.3
4.75 - 7.0
3.05 - 4.75
1.55 - 3.05
0.98 - 1.55
0.66 - 0.98
<0.66
Flow rate, acfm: 0.46
Isokinetic, %: 102.6
-------
TABLE 4 (continued
February
1980 test
Percent in
Stage si
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Final
filter
ze range
0.82
4.94
7.82
7.82
8.20
7.82
7.82
9.50
7.40
•
3.79
- ESP Outlet
Cumulative %
less than
size range
99.2
94.2
86.4
78.6
70.4
62.6
54.8
45.3
37.9
0
*7 (R-l)
Size range,
microns
>16.5
16.5 - 10.2
2.0 - 10.2
9.6 - 7.0
3.0 - 4.6
1.50 - 3.0
0.94 - 1.50
0.65 - 0.94
<0.65
Flow rate, acfm: 0.428
Isokinetic, %: 104.5
February 1980 test
Stage
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Final
filter
Percent in
size range
1.8
11.5
8.6
11.8
8.0
8.6
6.8
4.4
4.7
33.9
- ESP Outlet
Cumulative %
less than
size range
98.2
86.7
78.1
66.3
58.3
49.7
42.9
38.5
33.8
0
#7 (R-2)
Size range,
microns
>13.5
8.4 - 13.5
5.7 - 8.4
3.8 - 5.7
2.50 - 3.8
1.25 - 2.50
0.78 - 1.25
0.52 - 0.78
<0.52
Flow rate, acfm: 0.526
Isokinetic, %: 102.2
-------
TABLE 4 (continued)
February
1980 test
Percent in
Stage size
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Final
filter
range
10.3
11.5
11.5
10.1
13.8
9.8
10.6
8.6
13.8
- ESP Outlet
Cumulative %
less than
size range
89.7
78.2
66.7
56.6
42.8
33.0
22.4
13.8
"
0
#7 (R-3)
Size range,
microns
>14.0
8.7 - 14.0
5.8 - 8.7
3.9 - 5.8
2.5 - 3.9
1.3 - 2.5
0.77 - 1.3
0.54 - 0.77
<0.54
Flow rate, acfm: 0.618
Isokinetic, %: 103.4
February 1980 test - ESP Outlet #8 (T-l
Percent in
Stage size range
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Final
filter
0.40
0.40
0.30
0.43
0.35
0.30
0.60
0.95
12.80
83.5
)
Cumulative %
less than Size range/
size range microns
99.6
99.2
98.9
98.5
98.1
97.8
97.2
96.3
83.5
0
>14
9.2 -
6.3 -
4.2 -
2.70 -
1.33 -
0.84 -
0.58 -
<0.
.5
14.5
9.2
6.3
4.2
2.7
1.33
0.84
58
Flow rate, acfm: 0.528
Isokinetic, %: 98.7
-------
TABLE 4 (continued)
February 1980 test
Stage
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Final
filter
Percent in
size range
0.09
1.74
1.28
1.28
1.37
1.65
2.01
1.74
1.83
87.0
- ESP Outlet
Cumulative %
less than
size range
99.9
98.2
96.9
95.6
94.2
92.6
90.6
88.84
87.0
0
*8 (T-2)
Size range,
microns
>14 .9
9.3 - 14.9
5.4 - 9.3
4.3 - 6.4
2.75 - 4.3
1.35 - 2.25
0.88 - 1.35
0.58 - 0.85
<0.58
Flow, rate, acfm: 0.518
Isokinetic, %: 96.9
February 1980 test
Stage
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Final
filter
Percent in
size range
3.1
10.9
8.9
8.4
6.5
7.0
7.2
6.6
5.3
36.2
- ESP Outlet
Cumulative %
less than
size range
9.69
86.0
77.1
68.7
62.2
55.2
48.0
41.4
36.1
0
#8 (T-3)
Size range,
microns
>14.2
8.8 - 14.2
6.0 - 8.8
4.1 - 6.0
2.6 - 4.1
1.3 - 2.6
0.80 - 1.3
0.55 - 0.80
<0.55
Flow rate, acfm: 0.578
Isokinetic, %: 98.7
-------
TABLE 5. SUMMARY OF TRACE META_ EMISSIONS, WESTVACO-COVINGTON MILL,
COVINGTON, VIRGINIA, FEBRUARY 12-13, 1980
Run number
Run R-l
Filter catch, ug
Probe wash catch, ug
Implnger catch, ug
Emission rate, Ib/hr
Emission factor. Ib/mm Btu
Run R-2
Filter catch, ug
Probe wash catch, ug
Impinger catch, |ig
Emission rate, Ib/hr
Emission factor, Ib/mm Btu
Run R-3
Filter catch, ug
Probe wash catch, ug
Implnger catch, ug
Emission rate. Ib/hr
Emission factor, Ib/mm Btu
Average Riverside (Boiler 17) runs
Emission rate, Ib/hr
Emission factor, Ib/mm Btu
Ron T-l
Filter catch, wg
Probe wash catch, ug
Impinger catch, ug
Emission rate, Ib/hr
Emission factor, Ib/mm Btu
Run T-2
Filter catch, ug
Probe wash catch, ug
Impinger catch, ug
Emission rate, Ib/hr
Emission factor, Ib/mm Btu
Run T-3
Filter catch, ug
Probe wash catch, ug
Impinger catch, gg
Emission rate, Ib/hr
Emission factor, Ib/mm Btu
Average Trackaide (Boiler 18) runs
Emission rate, Ib/hr
Emission [actor, Ib/mm Btu
Date
2-12-80
As
30
39
.4
.5
BDL
1
4
2-13-80
.40 x
.87 x
' 18
8
io-»
io-»
.1
.8
1.
6.
74
04
BDL
S
2
2-13-80
.57 x
.04 x
13
17
10-'
io-s
.7
.0
8.
3.
69
18
BDL
6
2
8
3
2-12-80
3
8
2-13-80
1
4
2-13-BO
5
1
1
4
.40 x
.33 x
.66 x
.08 x
51
104
BDL
.24 x
.80 x
21
53
BDL
.75 x
.87 x
7
15
BDL
.01 x
.23 x
.83 x
.97 x
10"
io-»
10-'
10-"
. i
.2
io-»
io-»
.6
.6
io-»
10-"
.7
.4
10-'
io-»
;o-»
ID-*
5.
1.
1.
3.
7.
1.
3.
9.
4.
1.
5.
1.
21
90
04
71
27
97
48
69
33
07
03
34
Cd
0.5
8.2
DDL
X 10-'
x 10-»
DDL
4.2
BDL
X 10-"
x 10-"
BDL
2.5
BDL
x 10-"
x 10-«
x 10-'
x 10-«
0.5
3.0
BDL
x 10-"
x 10-«
BDL
1.5
BDL
x 10-"
x 10-T
0.7
1.3
BDL
x 10-"
x 10-«
x 10-"
x 10-«
9.41
3.26
9.93
3.63
1.54
5.61
1.16
4.17
t
2.37
6.44
1.77
4.93
1.13
2.79
1.76
4.72
tig
0.1
0.3
4.3
x 10-"
x lO-«
0.3
1.8
2.7
x 10-"
x lO-«
0.1
0.4
6.9
x 10-'
x 10-»
x 10-'
x 10-«
0.4
1.1
9.9
x 10-'
x 10-*
0.1
1.0
6.5
x 10-'
x 10-"
0.1
0.2
4.9
x 10-'
x 10-»
x 10-'
x 10-»
Mn
36.1
78.1
BDL
2.29 x 10-*
7.94 x 10-»
26.1
33.7
'. BDL
1.24 x 10-'
4.53 x 10-*
16.9
24.0
BDL
8.52 x 10-»
3.11 x 10-»
1.46 x 10-'
5.19 x 10-»
40.7
102.6
BDL
2.98 x 10-'
9.09 x 10-9
17.6
102.7
BDL
2.80 x 10-a
7.80 x 10-»
80.0
38.3
BDL
2.56 x 10-'
6.31 x 10-»
2.78 x 10-'
7.40 x 10-°
Ni
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
19.7
BDL
4.08 x 10-'
1.49 x 10-»
BDL
DDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
a
__a
DDL
116.5
BDL
2.42 X 10-'
6.57 x 10-9
BDL
299.4
BDL
6.97 x 10-'
1.94 X 10-*
BDL
129.9
DDL
2.81 x 10-'
6.93 x 10-»
4.07 x 10-'
1.10 x 10-"
Pb
12.0
115.0
BDL
2.55 x 10-«
8.85 x 10-o
10.0
22.0
BDL
6.63 x 10-*
2.42 x 10-°
7.0
13.8
BDL
4.33 x 10-'
1.58 x ID-"
1.22 x 10-*
4.28 x 10-»
13.0
61.5
BDL
1.55 x 10-°
4.21 x ID-"
7.0
44.9
BDL
1.21 x 10-°
3.37 x 10-»
BDL
18.4
BDL
3.99 x 10-«
9.84 x 10-«
1.05 x 10-*
2.85 x 10-«
BDL • Below detection limit. Detectionlimits of analysis varyfrom each element and sample size,
Appendix E - Annlyticnl Data Sheets.
BNo average able to be calculated.
and can befoundin
-------
from each Method 5 test. Boiler bottom ash samples were col-
lected with each test run in February and analyzed for trace
metal content; results are given in Table 6. Electrostatic
precipitatory fly ash samples were also taken and analyzed for
trace metals; results are given in Table 7.
Visible emissions were read by a certified observer during each
emission test run, and summaries are given in Table 8. The
observer was about 250 yards from the outlet stacks, so very
low opacities (<5%) could not be detected and were read as zero
percent opacity. Also, readings were not made during the latter
part of test run 3 due to darkness.
Test runs for S02 and NOX emissions were made immediately prior
or after each particulate emission test. Results of SOa emis-
sions are presented in Table 9. Only one S02 sample per run
was taken during the February test rather than two per run due
to sampling team omission. Table 10 contains the summarized
results of NOx sampling. Complete emission results are given
in Appendix A.
Fuel samples of coal and bark were taken with each test run. A
summary of the ultimate analysis of each sample is presented in
Table 11. Boiler operating conditions and precipitator operating
conditions during the test period are condensed in Tables 12 and
13, respectively. The coal and bark feed rates reported are
rough estimates and should not be used for calculations requiring
any accuracy. The bark weightometer was not calibrated, so the
bark feed rate values shown in the table are too high. Process
data from old weightometers indicate a full-load bark feed rate
of 450 tons/day, or 37,500 Ib/hr for both boilers at full load.
Average combined boiler load was 85-90% during all three test
runs.
The test boilers operated normally during all test runs. Steam
load varied slightly with process requirements but remained near
full load during all tests. All precipitator sections were oper-
ating normally. The samples taken can be expected to character-
ize boiler emissions during normal operation.
10
-------
TABLE 6. SUMMARY OF TRACE METAL CONTENT OF BOILER
BOTTOM ASH, WESTVACO-COVINGTON MILL,
COVINGTON, VIRGINIA, FEBRUARY 12-13, 1980
Run
number
1
2
3
Average
As
28.9
12.5
5.1
15.5
Trace
Cd
0.7
0.7
<0.4
_a
metal content,
Hg
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001
BDL.
Mn
1.9
2.8
3.9
2.9
ug/g
Ni
26.1
32.1
19.4
25.9
Pb
<4.1
<4 . 1
<4.1
BDL
Note: BDL = Below detection limit of analysis.
aNo average obtainable.
TABLE 7. SUMMARY OF TRACE METAL CONTENT OF ESP
FLY ASH, WESTVACO-COVINGTON MILL,
COVINGTON, VIRGINIA
Composite
sample
As
Cd
Trace metal content, yq/q
Hg
Mn
Ni
Pb
ESP fly ash 576.6 2.4 <0.05 1,334.0 320.0 115.3
Note:ESP fly ash sample was obtained in April 1980.
11
-------
TABLE 8. VISIBLE EMISSION TEST SUMMARY,
WESTVACO-COVINGTON MILL,
COVINGTON, VIRGINIA
*7 ESP Stack
Date: 12/6/79 Type of Plant: Paper mill
Type of Discharge: Stack Location of Discharge: »7
ESP stack
Height of Point of Discharge: 120 ft Description of Sky: Overcast, hazy
Wind Direction: Calm Wind Velocity: Calm
Color ol Plume: Detached Plume: No
Observer Name: S. Carter Duration of Observation:
Distance from Observer to Discharge Point: 250 yards
Direction of Observer from Discharge Point: West
270 min
Height of Observation Point: 120 ft
SUMMARY OF AVERAGE OPACITY
Set Time Opacity Set Time
number Start End Sum Average number Start End
1 10:55 11:00 00 19 12:43 12:48
2 11:01 11:06 00. 20 12:49 12:54
3 11:07 11:12 00 21 12:55 13:00
4 11:13 11:18 00 22 13:01 13:06
5 11:19 11:24 00 23 13:07 13:12
6 11:25 11:30 00 24 13:13 13:18
7 11:31 11:36 00 25 13:19 13:24
8 11:37 11:42 105 4.4 26 13:25 13:30
9 11:43 11:48 40 1.7 27 13:31 13:36
10 11:49 11:54 45 1.9 28 13:37 13:42
11 11:55 12:00 20 0.8 29 13:43 13:48
12 12:01 12:06 00 30 13:49 13:54
13 12:07 12:12 2S 1.0 31 13:55 14:00
14 12:13 12:18 210 8.8 32 14:01 14:06
15 12:19 12:24 245 10.2 33 14:07 14:12
16 12:25 12:30 130 5.4 34 14:13 14:18
17 12:31 12:36 00 35 14:19 14:24
18 12:37 12:42 00 36 14:25 14:30
13
12/6/79 RUN 1 « 7 STACK)
r>: K A
Opacity
Sum
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
III
Averaae
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
TIME, hours
12
-------
TABLE 8 (continued)
Westvaco - #8 ESP stack
Date: 12/6/79
Type of
Height
Discharge:
of
Point of
Kind Direction
Stack
Discharge:
120 ft
: Calm
Color of Plume:
Observer Name:
Distance from
Direction
Height
of
s.
Carter
Observer
of Observer
Observation
to Discharge
from Discharge
Point:
120 ft
SUKKARY OF
Set
number
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
*
o
O-
o
Time
Start
10
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
12
12
12
12
12
12
20
15
10
5
:55
:05
:11
: 17
:23
:29
:35
: 41
:47
:53
:59
:05
:11
: 17
:23
:29
-.35
End
11:
11:
11:
11:
11:
11:
11:
11:
11:
11:
12:
12:
12:
12:
12:
12:
12:
00
06
12
18
24
30
36
42
48
54
00
06
12
18
24
30
36
Opacity
Sum
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
60
5
45
25
0
25
300
355
180
0
Type
of Plant:
Location
Paper mill
of Discharge: IB ESP stack
Description of Sky: Overcast,
Kind
Velocity:
Detached
Duration
Point:
Point
250
Flume:
Calm
No
of Observation: 270
yards
hazy
mm
: West
AVERAGE OPACITY
Set
Average number
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2.5
0.3
18.8
1.0
0
1.0
12.5
14.8
7.S
0
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
Time Opacity
Start
12:41
12:47
12:53
12:59
13:05
13:07
13:13
13:19
13:25
13:31
13:37
13:43
13:49
13:55
14:01
14:07
End Sum
12:42 0
12:48 0
12:54 0
13:00 0
13:06 0
13:12 0
13:18 0
13:24 0
13:30 0
13:36 0
13:42 0
13:48 0
13:54 0
14:00 0
14:06 0
14:12 0
12/6/79 I
-
.
/
Jl
1
1
RUN 1 (f
A
A
/ \
\
11
8 STACK)
\
,
2
TIME, hours
,
3
Average
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
13
-------
TABLE 8 (continued)
Westvaco - Trackside (#T-1)
Date:
Type of
2/12/80
Discharge: Stack
Type
of Plant: Paper mill
Location of Discharge: Trackside (T-l)
Height of Point of Discharge: 120 ft
Kind Direction: NW
Color of Plume:
Observer Name: S. Carter
Distance from Observer
Direction of Observer
Height of Observation
Description of Sky:
Wind
Velocity: 0-5 reph
Detached Plume: No
Duration of Observation: ]14 min
to Discharge Point:
from Discharge Point:
Point: 120 ft
SUMMARY OF AVERAGE
Set
number
1
2
3
Test
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Test
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
Test
Time
Start
9:41
9:47
9:53
began
9:59
10:05
10:11 '
10:17
10:23
10:29
10:35
End
9
9
9
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
.
J
;
t
;
.
;
:
•
:
46
52
58
04
10
16
22
28
34
40
250 yards
West
OPACITY
Opacity
Sum Average
0 0
0 0
15 0.6
50 2.1
65 2.7
0 0
10 0.4
0 0
0 0
75 3.1
halted
10:55
11:01
11:07
11:13
11:19
11:25
11:31
11:37
11:43
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
:
j
:
:
:
]
00
06
12
IB
24
30
36
42
48
55 2.3
10 0.4
70 2.9
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
ended
• Average,
3.0
£ 2.0
n_
O
1.0
all sets
18.4 0.8
2/12/80
WESTVACO
J
h
U
VI
i
|
TRACKSIDE (RUN* T-l)
i
2
3
14
-------
TABLE 8 (continued)
Westvaco - Riverside
Date: 12/12/80
Type of Discharge:Stack
Type of Plant: Paper mill
Location of Discharge:
Description of Sky:
Kind Velocity: 0-5 mph
Detached Plume:
No
Height of Point of Discharge: 120 ft
wind Direction: NK ^^^
Color of Plume:
Observer Name: S. Carter Duration of Observation:
Distance from Observer to Discharge Point: 250 yards
Direction of Observer from Discharge Point:
Height, of Observation Point: 120 ft
Riverside (R-l)
114 min
west
SUMMARY OF AVERAGE OPACITY
Set
Time
number Start
•' 1
2
3
Test
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Test
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
Test
9:
9:
9:
began
9:
10:
10:
10:
10:
10:
41
47
53
59
05 .
11
17
23
29
10:35
halted
10:
10:
11:
11:
11:
11:
11:
11:
11:
ended
53
59
05
End
9
9
9
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
11
11
.
•
;
:
;
;
•
;
j
:
:
:
;
46
52
58
04
10
16
22
28
34
40
58
04
10
11 11:16
17
23
29
35
41
11
11
j
:
22
28
11:34
11
11
:
:
40
46
Opacity
Sum Average
0
5
0
20
. 15
0
0
0
0
40
35
10
35
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.
0
0.
0.
0
0
0
0
1.
1.
0.
1.
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
8
6
7
5
4
5
Average, all sets
B.4
0.4
3.0
G 2.0
1.0
12/12/80
WESTVACO
RIVERSIDE (R-l)
1 2
15
-------
TABLE 8 (continued)
Westvaco - Trackside (Run #T-2)
Date: 12/13/80
Type of Discharge: Stack
Type of Plant: Paper mill
No
Height of Point of Discharge: 120 ft
Wind Direction: Calm
Color of Plume; ______
Observer Name: S. Carter Duration of Observation:
Distance from Observer to Discharge Point: 250 yards
Direction of Observer from Discharge Point:
Height of Observation Point: 120 ft
Location of Discharge: TracKside
Description of Sky:
Wind Velocity: Calm
Detached Plume:
(Run T-2)
114 min
West
SUMMARY OF AVERAGE
Set
Time
number Start
Test
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Test
10
11
12
13
14
IS
16
17
18
19
Test-
began
9:35
9:41
9:47
9:53
9:59
10:05
10:11
10:17
10:23
halted
10:55
11:01
11:07
11:13
11:19
11:25
11:31
11:37
11:43
11:49
ended
End
9:40
9:46
9:52
9:58
10:04
10:10
10:16
10:22
10:28
11:00
11:06
11:12
11:18
11:24
11:30
11:36
11:42
11:48
11:54
OPACITY
Opacity
Sum Average
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
45
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.2
1.8
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Average, all sets
2.6
0.1
3.0
2.0
10
Q_
o
0
-.2
12/13/80
WESTVACO
TRACKSIDE (RUN* T-2)
TIME, hours
16
-------
TABLE 8 (continued)
Westvaco - Riverside (Run #R-2)
Date: 2/13/60
Type of Discharge: Stack
Type of Plant: Paper mill
Location of Discharge:
Description of Sky:
Kind Velocity: Calm
Detached Plume:
No
Height of Point of Discharge-. 120 Tt
Wind Direction: Calm
Color of Plume: ^^___
Observer Name: S. Carter Duration of Observation:
Distance from Observer to Discharge Point: 250 yards
Direction of Observer from Discharge Point:
Height of Observation Point: 120 ft
Riverside (Run R-2)
114 ffiin
West
SUMMARY OF AVERAGE OPACITY
Set
Time
number Start
Test
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Test
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
Test
began
9:35
9:41
9:47
9: S3
9:59
10:05
10:11
10:17
10:23
halted
10:55
11:01
11:07
11:13
11:19
11:25
11:31
11:37
11:43
11:49
ended
End
9:40
9:46
9:52
9:58
10:04
10:10
10:16
10:22
10:28
11:00
11:06
11:12
11:18
11:24
11:30
11:36
11:42
11:48
11:54
Opacity
Sum
0
0
0
0
0
•o
0
0
0
0
0
15
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Average
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.6
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Average, all sets
0.8
0.03
3.0
* 2.0
£
o
Q_
.<=> 1.0
0
-.2
2/13/80
WESTVACO
A
RIVERSIDE (RUN* R-2)
1 2
TIME, hours
17
-------
TABLE 8 (continued)
Westvaco - Trackside (Run #T-3)
Date: 2/13/60
Type of Discharge: StacX
Type of Plant: Paper mill
Location of Discharge:
Description of Sky:
Wind Velocity: Cairo
Detached Plume:
No
Height of Point of Discharge: 120 ft
Wind Direction: Calm
Color of Plume: ^__
Observer Name: S. Carter Duration of Observation:
Distance from Observer to Discharge Point: 250 yards
Direction of Observer from Discharge Point:
Height of Observation Point: 120 ft
TracXside (Run T-3)
78 min
West
Set
SUKKARY OF
Time
number Start
Test
1
2
3
4
5
Test
6
7
B
9
10
11
12
13
Test
began
17:02
17:08
17:14
17:20
17':26
halted
17:46
17:52
17:58
18:04
18:10
18:16
18:22
18:28
ended
AVERAGE
OPACITY
Opacity
End
17:07
17:13
17:19
17:25
17:31
17:51
17:57
18:03
18:09
18:15
18:21
18:27
18:33
Sun
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Average
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
. 0
0
0
0
0
Average, all sets
3.0
2.0
O
O_
0 1.0
-.2
2/13/80
WESTVACO TRACKSIDE (RUN * T-3)
TIME, hours
18
-------
TABLE 8 (continued)
Westvaco - Riverside (Run #R-3)
Date: 2/13/80
Type of Discharge: Stack
Type of Plant: Paper mill
Location of Discharge:
Description of Sky:
Wind Velocity: Calm
Detached Plume: No
Riverside (Run R-3)
Height of Point of Discharge: 120 ft
Wind Direction: Calm
Color of Plume:
Observer Name: S. Carter Duration of Observation:
Distance from Observer to Discharge Point: 250 yards
Direction of Observer from Discharge Point:
Height of Observation Point: 120 ft
78 min
West
SUMMARY OF
AVERAGE
Set Time
number Start
Test began
1 17:02
2 17:08
3 17:14
4 17:20
5 17:26
Test halted
6 17:46
7 17:52
8 17:58
9 18:04
10 18:10
11 18:16
12 18:22
13 18:28
Test ended
End
17:07
17:13
17:19
17:25
17:31
"
17:51
17:57
18:03
18:09
18:15
18:21
18:27
18:33
OPACITY
Opacity
Sum
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Average
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Average, all sets
O.
O
3.0
2.0
1.0
-.2
2/13/80
WESTVACO RIVERSIDE (RUN I R-3)
TIME, hours
19
-------
TABLE 9. SUMMARY OF S02 EMISSIONS,
WESTVACO-COVINGTON MILL,
COVINGTON, VIRGINIA
Run No.
ESP Outlet
1-1
1-2
R-l
R-2
R-3
Date
17
12/6/79
12/6/79
2/12/80
2/13/80
2/13/80
ppm
551.0 '
173.5
699.0
392.3
417.3
Ib/dscf
x 10~"6
68.26
21.5
86.6
48.6
51.7
Ib/hr
430.24
135.52
476.3
322.5
343.9
Ib/mm Btu
_a
_a
1.652
1.178
1.361
Riverside average 502.9
ESP Outlet #8
62.3
380.9
No steam production data available.
1.361
1-1
1-2
12/6/79
12/6/79
T-l 2/12/80
T-2 2/13/80
T-3 2/13/80
Trackside average
84.
183.
38.
499.
410.
316.
8
6
4
6
0
0
10.
22.
4.
61.
50.
39.
51
75
76
9
8
2
55.
147.
29.
382.
314.
242.
65
0
3
2
8
I
0
1
0
0
_a
_a
.080
.064
.776
.640
20
-------
TABLE 10. SUMMARY OF NOx EMISSIONS,
WESTVACO-COVINGTON.MILL,
COVINGTON, VIRGINIA
Run
number
ESP Outlet
1-1
1-2
1-3
Average
1-1
1-2
1-3
1-4
Average
2-1
2-2
2-3
2-4
Average
3-1
3 2
3-3
Average
ESP Outlet
1-1
1-2
1-3
Average
1-1
1-2
1-3
1-4
Average
2-1
2-2
2-3
2-4
Average
3-1
3-2
3-3
Average
a
No steam
Date
#7
12/6/79
2/12/80
2/13/80
2/13/80
#8
12/6/79
2/12/80
2/13/80
2/13/80
production
ppm
x 10a
1.772
1.924
1.978
1.891
1.755
2.411
1.494
2.626
2.071
2.698
1.534
2.010
2.718
2.240
1.641
1.289
2.174
1.701
3.637
1.952
1.218
2.269
3.274
1.144
2.511
3.103
2.508
3.379
3.079
1.492
1.566
2.379
1.976
1.121
2.060
1.719
Ib/dscf
x 10-"
0.210
0.228
0.234
0.224
0.208
0.285
0.177
0.311
0.245
0.319
0.182
0.238
0.322
0.265
0.194
0.152
0.257
0.201
0.430
0.231
0.144
0.268
0.387
0.135
0.297
0.367
0.296
0.400
0.364
0.176
0.185
0.281
0.234
0.133
0.244
0.204
lb/hr
x 10*
1.322
1.435
1.477
1.411
1.143
1.571
0.972
1.710
1.349
2.119
1.205
1.579
2.135
1/759
1.290
1.013
1.708
1.337
2.281
1.224
0.763
1.423
2.382
0.832
1.826
2.258
1.824
2.468
2.249
1.089
1.143
1.737
1.450
0.822
1.511
1.261
Ib/nsn Btu
x 10-1
a
a
a
3.965
5.450
3.375
5.932
4.680
7.743
4.403
5.770
7.801
6.429
4.703
3.693
6.227
4.874
a
a
a
6.470
2.260
4.959
6.133
4.955
6.872
6.262
3.032
2.183
4.837
3.574
2.026
3.725
3.108
g/ncm
x 10~1
3.358
3.645
3.750
3.584
3.327
4.570
2.831
4.976
3.926
5.114
2.908
3.810
5.151
4.246
3.110
2.442
4.119
3.224
6.893
3.699
2.307
4.300
6.204
2.167
4.760
5.880
4.753
6.404
5.835
2.827
2.967
4.508
3.745
2.125
3.904
3.258
data available.
fcg/hr
x 10*
0.600
0.651
0.670
0.640
0.519
0.712
0.441
0.776
0.612
0.961
0.547
0.716
0.968
0.798
0.585
0.459
0.775
0.606
1.035
0.555
0.346
0.645
1.081
0.378
0.829
1.024
0.828
1.119
1.020
0.494
0.519
0.658
0.657
0.373
0.685
O.S72
kg/GJ
x 10-1
a
a
a
1.706
2.341
1.450
2.551
2.012
3.328
1.894
2.480
3.352
2.763
2.022
1.586
2.678
2.095
a
a
a
2.783
0.973
2.134
2.636
2.132
2.953
2.692
1.304
1.370
2.080
1.535
0.871
1.600
1.325
21
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TABLE 11. SUMMARY OF FUEL ANALYSES,
WESTVACO-COVINGTON MILL,
'COVINGTON, VIRGINIA
Fuel/run
December 1979
Bark conveyor feed
6-1 (Boiler *7)
as received
dry basis
6-1 (Boiler 18)
as received
dry basis
Coal bins
6-1 (Boiler 17)
as received
dry basic
6-1 (Boiler *8)
as received
dry basis
February 1980
Bark conveyor feed
Run 1
as received
dry basis
Run 2
as received
dry basis
Run 3
as received
dry basis
Coal feeder
Run 1
ac received
dry basis
Run 2
as received
dry basis
Run 3
as received
dry basis
Carbon,
t
25.53
45. SI
24.43
45.10
70. 1<
74.26
71.70
75.64
26.54
48.94
25.00
48.05
27.10
46.86
65.06
68.31
65.86
69.50
71.06
75.94
Hydrogen,
%
8.12
5.77
8.13
5.61
4.73
4.35
5.21
4.88
8.23
5.79
8.36
5.82
8.19
5.84
4.51
4.18
4.60
4.24
5.16
4.75
Nitrogen,
t
0.05
0.09
' 0.08
• 0.14
1.24
1.31
1.28
1.35
0.15
0.28
0.16
0.31
0.18
0.33
1.13
1.19
1.12
1.18
• 1.34
1.43
Sulfur,
%
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
1.64
1.74
1.27
1.34
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.77
0.81
0.96
1.01
0.72
0.77
Ash,
f
0.98
1.74
0.95
1.75
11.83
12.52
10.40
10.97
1.67
3.08
2.34
4.49
1.38
2.48
14.40
15.12
14.56
15.37
6.17
6.59
Oxygen,
%
65.31
46.88
66.40
47.39
10.42
5.82
10.14
5.82
63.40
41.90
64.13
41.32
63.14
42.48
14.13
10.39
12.90
8.79
15.55
10.52
Fuel value,
Btu/lb
4,830
8,610
4,675
8,630
12,874
13,629
12,899
13,607
4,597
8,476
4,229
8,129
4,720
8,511
11,929
12,527
12,167
12,840
13,095
13,992
22
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TABLE 12. BOILER OPERATING CONDITIONS,
WESTVACO-COVINGTON MILL,
FEBRUARY 12-13, 1980
Boiler No.
Test No.
Date
Tine interval
Steam flow rate, Ib/hr
• K
Bark feed rate, Ib/hr '
b
Coal feed rate, Ib/hr
Steam temperature, *FC
Stear, pressure, psig
Steam heat output, mmBtu/hr
Feedwater rate, gal/min
1
2/12
0955-1143
215,000
126,400
a
680
570
268.268
260
7
2
2/13
0935-1149
205,000
127,000
51,700
670
570
273.679
250
3
2/13
1645-1834
205,000
134,900
56.500
• 675
570
274.2695
255
1
2/12
0955-1143
275,000
a
a
670
600
368.1865
330
8
2
2/13
0935-1149
270,000
d
<3
665
600
359.135
320
3
2/13
1645-1834
305,000
d
d
665
600
405.69
350
*Keightometer not calibrated; actual feed rates are estimated to be 35,000-40,000 Ib/hr.
Boilers 7 and 8 combined.
Measured at superheater outlet.
Data not furnished.
Note: Ml process variables are averages of values obtained during sampling intervals.
TABLE 13. PRECIPITATOR OPERATING CONDITIONS,
BOILERS 7 AND 8, WESTVACO-COVINGTON
MILL, FEBRUARY 12-13, 1980
Test
Date Nurvber
Preeipitator cell number
Time
1AB 2AA 2AB 3AA 3AE 1BA IBS 2BA 2SB 3BA 3BB
2/12
2/13
2/13
1010- mA 160 155 285 275 310, 310 150 140 280 270 295 300
1205
1150
1805
kV
21
26
28
28
30
32
26
26
26
28
25
0925- mA 150 155 320 305 325 325 210 195 280 260 290
kV
22
26
31
31
31
33
26
27
kV
21
28
30
30
31
33
25
25
29
28
30
26
290
29
1710- DA 155 150 300 285 315 315 205 190 275 275
29
29
285 290
31 30
23
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SECTION III
PROCESS DESCRIPTION
Three boilers produce steam for processing and electricity at
the Covington plant, boiler numbers 7, 8, and 9. Figure 1 illus-
trates the configuration of the exhaust duct work serving the
boilers. Boiler #9, which normally exhausts to the common duct
leading to the twin ESP's, was bypassed to ESP #9 during the
emission test.
Boiler no. 7 is a Foster-Wheeler unit rated at 240,000 Ib/hr
steam, and no. 8 is a Babcock & Wilcox unit rated at 325,000 Ib/hr
steam at 700°F and 600 psig leaving the superheater. Both boilers
use spreader stokers for bark feed and traveling-grate stokers for
coal feed.
Bark is fed to both boilers from a common conveyor belt equipped
with a weightometer. Coal is fed to a common storage bin, and a
larry car (approximately 4-ton capacity) is used to manually dis-
tribute the coal to the individual boiler feed chutes.
The exhaust gas from each boiler passes through individual mech-
anical cyclone collectors which feed a common duct. The flow is
then split and fed to a pair of UOP electrostatic precipitators.
The ESP's, designated as 37 and j-8 to correspond to the boilers,
are triple field precipitators, each field operating at 25-37 kv
and around 160 mA on the inlet field and 300 mA on the outlet
field. Design collection efficiency is 99% at a total gas flow
rate of 415,000 acfm at 370°F. Each ESP exhausts into a 10 ft
diameter stack which terminates 120 ft above ground level.
24
-------
STACKS
to
STACK
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of boilers and duct work to ESP's,
Westvaco-Covington Mill.
-------
SECTION IV
LOCATION OF SAMPLING POINTS
The locations sampled were the identical stack outlets of twin
electrostatic precipitators. A diagram of the outlet sampling
location of each twin stack is given in Figure 2. The sampling
ports are 90° apart, 4 inches in diameter, and 56 inches above
the platform floor. The 120-inch diameter stack continued for
39 ft above the ports. The nearest upstream disturbance was a
reducer 0.63 diameters away, and the nearest downstream dis-
turbance was the stack outlet'7.78 diameters away.
SAMPLING
PORTS
56"
76"
-10'-
39'
RAILING
REDUCER
PLATFORM
FLOOR
Figure 2. Diagram of sampling location at
the twin ESP outlet stacks.
26
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SECTION V
SAMPLING AND ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES
The Westvaco-Covington Mill was sampled for particulate matter,
particle size, trace metals, S02» NOX, integrated gas analysis,
fly ash for trace metals, opacity and fuel analysis.
The following describes the methods used.
SAMPLING PROCEDURES
Particulate Matter
Sampling for particulates was performed using the method outlined
in the Federal Register, Method 5, "Determination of Particulate
Emissions from Stationary Sources," with the modification that
the sample box was heated to 325°F instead of 250°F.
article Size
Sampling for particle size was performed using an Andersen cas-
cade impactor with seven stages and a back-up filter.
The sampling train used consisted of the following equipment
listed in order of the flow: a 10 mm diameter probe tip; a
curved (90°) probe tip to Andersen head connector; standard
Andersen heads; a 4 foot stainless steel probe; a Smith-Greenburg
impinger with water, then one charged with color indicating sil-
ica gel; and an EPA-5 console equipped with a dry gas meter, digi-
tal electronic thermometer and an inclined manometer. Also, gas
velocity could be continually monitored.
One particle sizing run was made with each Method 5 test. Each
run was conducted for 55-60 minutes under isokinetic conditions.
After the completion of each run, the moisture collected was mea-
sured and the Andersen heads were opened and oven-dried for three
hours. After drying, each stage was weighed, then the filter was
removed and the stage assemblies were cleaned, desiccated and
reweighed to provide partial tare weights. The tare weights of
the filters were taken during the assembly of the heads (after
desiccation for 24 hours).
27
-------
All weight measurements were made with a Mettler analytical bal-
ance. The balance was calibrated daily and rezeroed before each
weight determination. Calculations were performed using the
methods and tables provided in the Andersen manual.
Trace Metals
A modification of the back half of the EPA Method 5 sampling
system was employed for collection of trace elements. The im-
pinger portion of the train is designed to collect vapor phase
organic materials; Table 14 presents the modified impinger con-
tent and order. Figure 3 illustrates the train components and
sample recovery procedures.
TABLE 14. CONTENT AND ORDER OF THE IMPINGER PORTION
OF THE MODIFIED METHOD 5 TRAIN
Impinger
Reaqent
Quantity
Purpose
2
3,4
6M H202
Empty
0.2M (NH<«)2S2Oe
+ 0.2M AgNO3
Silica gel
100 mL Trap reducing gases such
as S02 to prevent de-
pletion of oxidative
capability of other
impingers.
200 mL Collect volatile trace
(each) elements by oxidative
dissolution.
200 g Prevent moisture from
reaching pump and dry
gas test meter.
aM - molar; 1M = one mole of solute per liter of solution.
Sulfur Dioxide
Sampling for S02 was performed using the method outlines ir. t*—
Federal Register, Method 6, "Determination of Sulfur Dioxide
Emissions from Stationary Sources."
Nitrogen Oxides
^
Sampling for NOX was performed usiru, the method °uti%>l .?e
Federal Register, Method 7, "Determination of Nitrt?5«--
Emissions from Stationary Sources.
2S
-------
to
VD
PROBE
fl
GLASS PETRI DISH
RINSE,
ACETONE
I
Ft
CONTENTS
(MEASURE
VOLUME)
CONTENTS
(MEASURE
VOLUME)
CONTENTS
(MEASURE
VOLUME)
Figure 3. Train components and sample recovery procedure employing
modified Method 5 equipment for trace metals collection.
-------
Integrated Gas Analysis
Exhaust gas analysis was performed using the method outlined in
the Federal Register, Method 3, "Gas Analysis for Carbon Dioxide,
Oxygen, Excess Air, .and Dry Molecular Weight."
Fuel
Fuel samples were grabbed in 1 liter nalgene bottles from the
coal bins feeding the boilers and the bark feeder to the boilers
during each Method 5 run.
Ash
Fly ash samples from the ESP units were taken after testing and
sent to MRC for analysis.
ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES
Particulate, S02/ NOX, Gas Analysis
All analytical procedures were performed using the methods
described in EPA Methods 3, 5, 6, and 7, previously mentioned
in the Sampling Procedures section.
Trace Metals
The particulate fractions of the Method 5 samples were analyzed
for trace metals. After final weights were obtained on the
particulate washes and filters, the fractions were digested with
nitric acid and analyzed by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS).
The impingers containing ammonium persulfate/silver nitrate were
reduced in volume by evaporation, digested with 1:1 HC1:H20 and
analyzed by AAS. Fly ash samples were also digested with nitric
acid and analyzed by AAS. Mercury analyses were performed using
the cold vapor method where the AA flame is shutoff; arsenic was
analyzed using the hydride generation method to produce an arsine;
all other metals were analyzed by conventional flame AAS.
Fuel
Analysis of the municipal solid' waste feed was performed using
ASTM D 3178 for carbon and hydrogen, ASTM D 3176 for oxygen,
ASTM D 3179 for nitrogen, ASTM D 3177 for sulfur, and ASTM D 3174
for ash. Fuel value was determined using ASTM D 2015.
Quality Assurance/Quality Control
Results of quality control tests are furnished with the analytical
data sheets provided in Appendix E.
30
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