Dl

EPA
United Stales
Department of the
Interior
Office of Surface Mining
Technical Services and Research
Washington DC 20240
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Industrial Environmental
Research Laboratory
Cincinnati OH 45268
EPA 600/7 80 113
May 1980
        Research and Development
        Coal and the
        Environment
        Abstract Series

        Mine Drainage
        Bibliography
        1929-1980

        Interagency
        Energy/Environmental
        R&D Program
        Report

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                RESEARCH  REPORTING SERIES

Research reports of the Office of Research and Development. US Environmental
Protection Agency, have been grouped into nine series These nine broad cate-
gories were established to facilitate further development and application of en-
vironmental technology Elimination of traditional grouping was consciously
planned to foster technology transfer and a maximum interface m related fields
The nine series are:

      1   Environmental Health Effects Research
      2   Environmental Protection Technology
      3   Ecological Research
      4   Environmental Monitoring
      5.  Socioeconomic  Environmental Studies
      6   Scientific and Technical Assessment Reports (STAR)
      7   Interagency Energy-Environment Research and Development
      8,  "Special" Reports
      9   Miscellaneous Reports

 This report has been assigned to the INTERAGENCY ENERGY-ENVIRONMENT
 RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT series.  Reports in this series result from the
 effort funded under  the 1  7-agency Federal Energy/Environment Research and
 Development Program. These studies relate to EPA's mission to protect the public
 health and welfare from adverse effects of pollutants associated with energy sys-
 tems The goal of the Program is to assure the rapid development of domestic
 energy supplies in an environmentally-compatible manner by providing the nec-
 essary environmental data and control technology Investigations include analy-
 ses of the transport of energy-related pollutants and their health and ecological
 effects, assessments of, and development of, control technologies tor energy
 systems, and integrated assessments of a wide range of energy-related environ-
 mental  issues
 This document is available to the public through the National Technical Informa-
 tion Service, Springfield, Virginia 22161

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                                              EPA-600/7-80-113
                                              May 1980
              COAL AND THE ENVIRONMENT
                   ABSTRACT SERIES

             Mine Drainage Bibliography
                      1929-1980
                     Compiled by

                 Virginia E. Gleason
           Bituminous Coal  Research, Inc.
          Monroeville, Pennsylvania  15146
               Grant Number R805336-02
                   Project Officer

                   Ronald D. Hill
     Solid and Hazardous Waste Research Division
     Municipal Environmental Research Laboratory
               Cincinnati, Ohio  45268
                   Co-sponsored by
Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement
          U. S. Department of the Interior
               Washington, D.C.  20240
   INDUSTRIAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LABORATORY
        OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
       U. S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
              CINCINNATI, OHIO  45268

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                                   DISCLAIMER

     This report has been reviewed by  the  Industrial Environmental Research
Laboratory, U.S. Environmental  Protection  Agency,  and approved for
publication.  Approval does not  signify  that the  contents necessarily ref «c
the views and policies of the U.S.  Environmental  Protection Agency, nor
mention of trade names or conmercial  products constitute endorsement or
recommendation  for use.
                                       it

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                                  FOREWORD

     When energy and material resources are extracted, processed, converted
and used, the related pollutional impacts on our environment and even our
health often require that new and increasingly more efficient pollution con-
trol methods are used.  The Industrial Environmental  Research Laboratory -
Cincinnati (IERL-Ci) assists in developing and demonstrating new and improved
methodologies that will meet those needs both efficiently and economically.

     This publication is the fourth of the "Coal and the Environment Abstract
Series."  It provides the researcher, scientist, mine executives, and
regulators with a timely bibliography.  Not only will it provide the research
community with a means of readily accessing the literature, but it should
provide those persons implementing mine drainage environmental controls with
a handy reference to solving their problems.  Additional bibliographies are
planned for this series.
                                     David G. Stephan
                                         Director
                       Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
                                        Cincinnati
                                     ill

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                                     PREFACE
     Coal  is  our  most  plentiful source of energy, and its use is essential to
 the  well-being of the nation.   As coal continues to be produced and as mines
 are  opened  in areas where mining has not existed previously, opportunities for
 the  occurrence of environmental degradation will increase.  However, such
 degradation  need not  occur if  the existing and evolving pollution control
 technology  is well known and properly applied.

     Numerous public and  private efforts have contributed to the knowledge
 concerning  coal's environmental problems and to their control-  This knowledge
 is well documented, and  the U.S.  Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has
 been actively involved in compiling  and disseminating it.  One facet of this
 activity  has been the co-sponsorship of an environmental library at Bituminous
 Coal Research, Inc. (BCR) for  use by the public as well as the coal industry,
 and  the publication of Bibliographies of abstracts based on the collections
 within  the  library.

     This  volume  is the fourth  to appear in the "Coal and the Environment
 Abstract  Series" and  provides  additional material to the first volume in the
 series, "Mine Drainage Bibliography 1910-1976."  For this reason the numbering
 of entries  in this volume,  for most of the years prior to 1977, does not
 appear  to be consistent.   The  numbering system for these abstracts is
 explained in detail in the  section on "Format and Use of the Bibliography."

     Preparation  of this  edition was co-sponsored by EPA, Department of
 Interior's Office of  Surface Mining and Enforcement, and BCR.  The other
 volumes in the series are "Bibliography on Mined-Land Reclamation" and "A
 Bibliography on  Disposal  of Refuse from Coal Mines and Coal Cleaning Plants."
 The  initial  Mine Drainage Bibliography was prepared in 1976 by BCR with
 co-sponsorship of the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources and
 EPA.  Copies of  that  Bibliography can be obtained from BCR or from NTIS as
 PB-265  041/4BE.   The  Refuse Disposal Bibliography, EPA-600/7-79-076, prepared
 in 1978 by BCR with support from EPA, can be obtained from EPA, or from NTIS
 as PB-292 099/9WP.  The  Reclamation Bibliography, EPA-600/7-79-102, can be
 obtained  from EPA; from  Office of Surface Mining in Washington, D. C. and its
 five  regional offices; from BCR;  and from NTIS as PB-298 191/8WP.  Addresses
 for  each  of  these organizations are given at the end of the preface.

     The Bibliographies in the  "Coal and Environment Abstract Series" are
 intended  to  complement one  another.  While each covers one particular subject
 area, inevitably some documents listed in one are also relevant to one of the
 other Bibliographies.  For  example, the Reclamation Bibliography includes
 information  on the effects  of  mining and reclamation on hydrology and, to some
 extent, on water quality.   However, much of the information on changes in
water quality resulting  from surface mining and reclamation has been listed in
 the  Mine  Drainage Bibliography.  Another example of overlap is in the
 assignment of documents  concerned with overburden or spoil.   In American
 usage, these terms are synonymous but in British usage, the term "spoil"
 includes  both overburden  and refuse from coal cleaning plants.  Documents on
 "spoils"  have been separated into those relating to refuse and to overburden

                                       iv

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and put in the proper Bibliography.   Since a number  of  British documents give
information on both kinds of  spoils,  the  reader  should  probably scan both the
Reclamation Abstracts and the Refuse  Disposal  Abstracts.   Finally,  many
documents include material on each of  the subject  areas covered by  the
Bibliographies.  If one subject area  has  been  emphasized  more  than  the other
two, the document is listed only in the bibliography relating  to that major
area.   However, it is so indexed in that  Bibliography to  show  that  it also
contains information relating to other subjects.   If there are major emphases
on more than one area, the document is listed  in each of  the Bibliographies to
which it is relevant.

    In addition to the abstracts,  this volume  Includes  an Author Index and a
General Index which are described  in  the  section,  "Format and  Use of the
Bibliography."  In the Appendixes  are  lists  of the publications most recently
acquired for the "Coal and the  Environment Abstract  Series."  Appendix A gives
an update for "Bibliography on  Mined-Land Reclamation/'  Appendix B continues
the update for "A Bibliography  on  Disposal of  Refuse from Coal Mines and Coal
Cleaning Plants," which was begun  in  the  previous  volume of this Series.

    Much of the literature listed  in  the  "Coal and the  Environment  Abstract
Series" is available from large libraries, government agencies issuing
particular reports, or from the authors.  Complete citations have been given
so that the reader can obtain material from  these  sources.  Items with NTIS
numbers at the end of the citation may be purchased  from U.S.  Department of
Commerce, National Technical  Information  Service,  Springfield, Virginia 22161.
For those who have difficulty in obtaining material  from these sources,
arrangements can be made to use the library  of BCR on weekdays between 8:00
a.m. and 4:30 p.m.  Limited interlibrary  loan  service and photocopies of
non-copyright material for a  nominal  fee  are  also  available.  Please direct
requests to Librarian, Bituminous  Coal Research,  Inc.,  350 Hochberg Road,
Monroeville, Pennsylvania  15146.

    Searching for and acquisition  of  mine drainage information is a continuing
effort.  Although coverage of the  early literature is essentially complete,
some more recently published  material  may not  have been included.  Copies of
any publications not listed here,  as  well as of  new publications, should be
sent to BCR for inclusion in  future issues of  the  Bibliographies.  Any other
suggestions, conments, or criticism of this  publication are welcomed.

    Additional copies of this publication and  other bibliographies  in the
series may be obtained from:

         Bituminous Coal Research,  Inc.
         350 Hochberg Road
         Monroeville, Pennsylvania  15146

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U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
ORD Publications
EPA/CERI
Cincinnati, Ohio  45268
Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement
U.S. Department of the Interior
1951 Constitution Avenue, N.W., Washington,  D.C.   20240
  Region I   - 1st Floor, Thomas Hill Building,
               950 Kanawha Blvd.,  East,
               Charleston, West Virginia   25301
  Region II  - 530 Gay Street, Suite 500,
               Knoxville, Tennessee  37902
  Region III - Federal Building, Ohio and  Pennsylvania  Streets,
               Indianapolis,  Indiana  46204
  Region IV  - 818 Grand Avenue, Kansas City,  Missouri   64106
  Region V   - 1020 15th Street, Denver, Colorado   80202
NTIS
National Technical Information  Service
U.S. Department of Commerce
Springfield, Virginia  22161
                             vi

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                                    ABSTRACT

     This volume is the fourth  to appear  In  the  "Coal  and  the Environment
Abstract Series" and  is an update of  and  companion to  "Mine Drainage
Bibliography 1910-1976."  The other volumes  In  Che series  are "Bibliography on
Mined-Land Reclamation" and  "A  Bibliography  on  Disposal of Refuse from Coal
Mines and Coal Cleaning Plants."  The  three  subjects covered by the
Bibliographies in the "Coal  and Environment  Abstract Series" are intended to
complement one another.  While  each covers one  particular  subject area,
inevitably some documents listed in one are  also relevant  to one of the other
Bibliographies.  Some of the topics covered  in  this Bibliography are formation
and effects of acid mine drainage;  erosion and  sedimentation; sediment control
technology; the effects of coal mining on ground water quality and on
hydrology; and drainage from coal storage piles.  In addition to the
abstracts, this volume Includes an  Author Index and a  General Index.

     This publication has been  financed by Bituminous  Coal Research, Inc., and
by Federal funds from the U.S.  Environmental Protection Agency and from the
Office of Surface Mining Reclamation  and  Enforcement,  USDI, under grant number
R805336-02.
                                      vii

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                                    CONTENTS

                                                                          Page

Preface	  iv

Format and Use of  the  Bibliography	  ix

Abstracts, 1929 -  1980	   1

Author Index	 102

General Index	 112

Appendix A, COAL AND THE ENVIRONMENT  ABSTRACT  SERIES:
BIBLIOGRAPHY ON MINED-LAND RECLAMATION  (Alphabetical
listing updating 1979  Bibliography)	 149

Appendix B, COAL AND THE ENVIRONMENT  ABSTRACT  SERIES:
A BIBLIOGRAPHY ON  DISPOSAL OF  REFUSE  FROM COAL MINES  AND
COAL CLEANING PLANTS (Alphabetical  listing  of  second
update of 1978 Bibliography)	 176
                                      ix

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                      FORMAT  AND  USE  OF  THE  BIBLIOGRAPHY
     The abstracts are grouped according  to  the  year  of  publication,  with each
section being headed by  Its chronological  designation.   Within each year the
abstracts are arranged alphabetically by  the  first  author,  or, if no  personal
author, by title.  Each  abstract  is  numbered  sequentially within the  year of
publication and has its  own unique number:   for  example,  M76-42.   The letter M
indicates the general subject area of effects  of coal mining on water quality.
The next two digits refer to the  year of  publication.  The  number to  the right
of the hyphen indicates  the order in which that  abstract  is listed within the
publication year.  These unique numbers are  used to reference the abstracts In
the indexes.  In this publication the sequential numbers  of abstracts of
documents issued before  1977 do not begin with -1.  For  example,  the  first
document of the 1976 group has the number M76-25.   Abstracts M(D)76-l through
M(D)76-24 are in "Mine Drainage Bibliography  1910-1976."  The "D" used with
the abstract number In the 1976 Bibliography was dropped In this edition for
ease of computer manipulation of  the Information.   At the end of  each abstract
are either letters, numbers, or various letter-number combinations.  These are
related to the filing of material In the  BGR Library, and will aid the BCR
staff In answering questions on the availability of the  material.

     The Author Index includes the names  of  all  persons  who have been listed
as authors or editors of any publication.  When  an  organization is shown as
the author, it is listed in the General Index.   Names beginning with  Me or Mac
have been included alphabetically, as spelled, and  are not  grouped together.

     The General Index includes the following  categories:  names  of industry,
government, and academic organizations engaged in or  sponsoring work related
to the effects of coal and coal mining on water  quality;  geographic features
such as names of foreign countries and of states and  regions of the United
States; and subject areas such as acid mine  drainage  formation and sediment
control.  Terminology is as specific as possible and  at  the same time is
controlled to provide consistency both within  this  volume and In relation to
the companion volume, "Mine Drainage Bibliography 1910-1976."

     Federal government  agencies  are listed  by name and  are not grouped
together under United States.  As an example,  Applachian Regional Commission
appears in "A" listings  and Old West Regional  Commission appears  in "0"
listings.  Both are identified as being part  of  the United  States Government.
Subordinate parts of government agencies  also  are used as main index  entries,
with cross references from the parent organization.  Environmental Protection
Agency, U.S. Government, is a main entry  which has  cross  references to
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory,  Cincinnati, Ohio, as well as to
Crown Mine Drainage Field Site, West Virginia.

     State agencies are  indexed using the name of the state as the initial
word of the agency title.  For example, Kentucky Department for Natural
Resources and Conservation and Pennsylvania  Department of Environmental
Resources are used as main index  entries.

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     In all categories, cross  references  and  supplemental  words and phrases
are used liberally to facilitate  information  retrieval.  All  entries in the
General Index are intermixed in strictly  alphabetical  order which follows the
word-by-word method, with hyphenated words  considered  as one  word.

     The Appendixes are updates of  the  two  other  Bibliographies described in
the Preface and appear after the  indexes.   Publications are listed
alphabetically by author or title in each category:  mined-land reclamation
and disposal of coal refuse.   No  abstracts  are  included for these items, nor
are they indexed.  However, abstracts of  these  publications will be included
in the subsequent abstract bibliographies planned for  each subject  area.

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                                     1929

M29-2    WATER PURIFICATION ~ AN ACT

The General Assembly of Pennsylvania,  File  of  the  Senate,  No.  27,  Session of
1929, Printer's No. 127, File Folio  -  451,  Introduced by Mr.  Painter,  and
Referred to the Committee on Public  Health  and  Sanitation,  Jan.  22,  1929.
3 pp.  Included are a copy of the Act  which would  require  sealing  of  abandoned
bituminous coal mines and brief comments  on this requirement.   CE354

                                     1931

M31-8    A GENERAL REVEIW OF THE UNITED  STATES  BUREAU OF MINES STREAM-
         POLLUTION INVESTIGATION

Leitch, R. D., U.S. Bureau of Mines, RI  3098  (April  1931).   7 pp.   This
interesting historical paper provides  information  concerning  the first five
years' involvement (1925-1930) by the  U.S.  Bureau  of Mines  in the  mine
drainage problem and is essentially  a  brief state-of-the-art.   An  insight is
given into public attitude at that time  toward  the problem.   Subjects
addressed include the interest of water-supply  companies in the  problem,
sources and variations of acid mine  water,  effects of rock dusting,  effects of
fish life, non-acid mines, mine sealing,  and correction of  the acid mine
drainage problem in Indian Creek, Fayette County,  Pennsylvania,  by mine
sealing and construction of a rock, tunnel and  flume  diversion system.  CE12

                                     1953

M53-14   A LIMNOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE COLLEGE  FARM  STRIP-^INE  LAKE

Burner, C. C. (1) and Leist, C. (2)  [(1)  Kansas Forestry,  Fish,  and  Game
Commission and (2) Kansas State Teachers  College], Transactions  of the Kansas
Academy of Science _56. (1), 78-85 (1953).   This  introduction to a series of
research efforts to improve fish productivity  in strip-mine lakes  was carried
out on a lake located two miles south  of  Pittsburg,  Kansas, and  chosen because
fish had inhabited it for several years.   Both  surface  and bottom samples
taken at five stations by means of a Kemmerer  Water  Sampler were analyzed for
light penetration, pH, dissolved oxygen,  free  carbon dioxide, and  carbonates
and bicarbonates.  Lake temperature  was  recorded when  sampling was carried
out.  Biological characteristics studied  included  aquatic  plants,  plankton,
benthos, and vertebrates, with five  species of fish being  found.  Water
quality was favorable for warm water fishes.   However,  the amounts of benthos
and plankton found were considered to  be  low.   In  addition, the steep slope of
most of the banks was not well suited  for the  growth of food  forms or for
breeding purposes.  CE31

                                     1954

M54-21   REPORT ON PROGRESS OF FISH  MANAGEMENT STUDIES  ON  STRIP-MINE LAKES

Burner, C. (Kansas Forestry, Fish, and Game Commission), Kansas Fish and Game
J.^ (3), 5-8 (Jan.  1954).  The primary  goal of  these studies,  being carried out

                                      1

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M54-21    (continued?

in  cooperation  with coal  companies,  is to develop the best techniques for the
improvement of  game fishing in the numerous surface mine lakes in Kansas.
Physical,  chemical, and biological studies are conducted prior to the
development of  a management program  to determine the kind and abundance of
fish  food, and  the  growth condition  and abundance of fish in the lake.  The
management program  has  included combinations of the following techniques;
removal  and restocking  to restore a  proper ratio of sunfish (pan species) to
bass  (desired game  species),  treatment of shallow water to reduce pan species,
and the  stocking of strip-mine waters soon after the completion of mining
activities.  CE30

                                     1960

M60-Z6    PLANKTON,  BENTHOS AND FISH  IN THREE STRIP-MINE LAKES WITH VARYING PH
          VALUES

Stockinger, N.  F. and Hays, H. A., Transactions of the Kansas Academy of
Science  63_ (1), 1-11  (Spring  1960).   One acid (pH 3.2-3.6) atrip mine lake,
one mildly acid (pH 6.2-7.4),  and one slightly basic (pH 7.0-7.8) lake were
included in this study  in southeastern Kansas.  In general, the plankton
population was  reduced  in the  acid lake as compared to the other two.  The
benthos  comprised a rather diverse group of organisms with the acid lake
containing the  largest  volume  of organisms per square foot of bottom.  Fish
were  not present in the acid  lake and in the mildly acid lake pronounced
stunting of growth  was  exhibited by  bluegills.  Growth of bass in the slightly
basic lake compared favorably  with that of fish in other bodies of water until
the third  year  when stunting  also became pronounced.  (Adapted from authors'
Summary)   CE20

                                     1963

M63-29    AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF WATER RESOURCE PAPERS PERTAINING TO THE
          STATE  OF WEST  VIRGINIA

Tsai, J.  C,-H.  and  Burchinal,  J. C., West Virginia University, Department of
Civil Engineering,  and  West Virginia Center for Appalachian Studies and
Development, prepared for West Virginia Department of Natural Resources,
Division of Water Resources, Oct.  1963.   132 pp.   This bibliography contains
abstracts  of 645 papers of which 26  relate to acid nine drainage.  Author and
subject  indexes are also  provided.   CE212

                                     1964

M64-17   MICROBIAL  FORMATION AND DEGRADATION OF MINERALS

Silverman, M. P. and Ehrlich,  H. L., Advances in Applied Microbiology b_,
153-206  (1964).  The role  of microorganisms in transformations of minerals in
nature is  discussed with  the main  emphasis on mineral concentrations of
economic Importance to  the mining  Industry.   Discussed in depth are mechanisms

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M64-17   (continued)

of microbial-mineral  reactions,  sulfur-mineral  deposits,  and iron and
manganese deposits.   CE26

                                     1966

M66-52   A QUARTER TO ZERO—SURFACE  MINING  AND  WATER SUPPLIES

Agnew, A. F., Mining  Congress  Journal _5£ (10),  29,  32-34, 38-40 (Oct. 1966).
The author discusses  the studies  of  the  Indiana University Water Resources
Center on the hydrology of  Pike  County,  of  the  Cypress Creek-Otter Creek-Coles
Creek area of Warrick County,  and of the  Busseron Creek drainage basin of
Sullivan County.  The preliminary study,  begun  in the second year of severe
drought in southern  Indiana showed that  the stream gaging stations in unmined
areas measured  no flow while gaging stations in mined areas showed a low but
measurable amount of  water  yield  from  the mined areas to the streams.  The
author also presents  a detailed  comparison  of runoff from mined and unmined
land using records of stream gaging stations on the South Fork Patoka River,
draining the mined area, and on  Flat Creek  (east), draining the unmined area,
and U.S. Weather Bureau records  for one  station in Pike County and five
stations surrounding  it.   Data showed  that  storm runoff from the unmined
watershed was greater than  from  the mined watershed, indicating that the
increased water holding capacity of mined land  was being recharged.  CE29

M66-53   "OPERATION  YELLOWBOY" TREATMENT PLAN OF LITTLE SCRUBGRASS CREEK
         VENANGO - BUTLER  COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA

Dorr-Oliver, Inc. and Gannett Fleming Corddry and Carpenter, Inc., Report to
Pennsylvania Coal Research Board, Jan.  1966.  7 pp.  The results of a study
conducted at Paul Moore's  farm located  on Little Scrubgrass Creek, Venango
County, under  the Pennsylvania Coal Research Board's "Operation Yellowboy,"
are reported.   Chemical analyses of the  stream showed the iron content to be
less than 0. 7  ppm and the  acidity was 63 ppm.  Since solids precipitation was
not notable following neutralization,  it was concluded that the lime-
neutralization  aeration-dewatering process  under investigation was not
applicable to  treat  this water.   CE794


M66-54   ACID  MINE WATER  REVERSE OSMOSIS TEST AT KITTANNING, PENNSYLVANIA

Riedinger, A.,  Schultz,  J., Di Luzio, F. C., Hunter, J.  A., Heintz, J. W., and
Seiveka, E. H., General  Dynamics, General Atomic Division,  Report  Co U.S.
Department of  the  Interior, Office of Saline Water,  Research and Development
Progress Report No;  217  (Oct. 1966).  69 pp.  NTIS,  PB-184  073.  The results
of  tests conducted  on a  24-hour-a-day basis for about ten days  each  at two
abandoned mine sites near  Kittanning, Pa.,  are presented.   About 75  gallons
per hour of high-quality  product water were produced from feeds with a pH of
3.0 and  lower  and  containing 100 ppm or more of dissolved iron.  The operation
could  be maintained  over  periods of several days at  recovery rates
(product/feed) in  excess  of 90 percent, even though the  solubility  limits for
some of  the constituents  were greatly exceeded.  The majority of the

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M66-5A    (continued)

experiments were carried out  using  the  reverse  osmosis  test  unit  known as POGO
I which has six pressure tubes,  each  containing six spiral-wound  modules, each
of which  has an active  surface  area of  6  sq.  ft.   CE762

                                    1967

M67-74    THE USE OF BIOCIDES  AS INHIBITORS  OF THE RESPIRATION RATE OF
          FERRQBACILLUS  FERROOXIDANS

Charnego, M. R., Indiana University of  Pennsylvania, M.Ed.  Thesis, 1967.   55
pp.  This theais reports on an  investigation  to evaluate  the capability of
certain commercially available  biocides in  reducing the respiration rate of _p.
ferrooxidans.  Of  the fourteen  tested,  the  only biocides  found to be  effective
were quaternary ammonium compounds.  These  results were based on  laboratory
studies and the author  recognized  the need  for  furthur  studies under  field
conditions and for development  of  solutions to  the engineering problems
involved  in the application of  a biocide,   67-89

                                    1968

M6B-101   THE OXfGENATION OF IRON (II) - RELATIONSHIP TO COAL MINE DRAINAGE
          TREATMENT

Stauffer, T. E. and Lovell, H.  L.,  The  Pennsylvania State University, College
of Earth  and Mineral Science, Report  to Pennsylvania Coal Research Board,
Special Research Report SR-69 (Nov. 1,  1968).   152 pp.   The  reaction
parameters considered were:   pH, temperature, as well as  aluminum and iron
concentrations.  The rate  is  highly pH  dependent, increasing with pH.  The
rate was  shown to  have  a temperature  dependence of eight  fold per 10   increase
between 5 and 25 C.  The presence of  aluminum (common in  mine drainage waters)
results in an overall increase  in  reaction  complexity.   Aluminum  presence
results in an oxygenation  rate  which  is considerably slower  after the system
reaches a pH near  5.5.  However, there  is evidence of an  earlier  distinctly
different rate (more rapid) at  lower  pH values  while aluminum hydroxide and
hydrous ferrous hydroxide  are being precipitated.  An increase in initial
ferrous concentrations  increased the  oxygenation rate.   The  sludge settling
rates (from 0.007  to 0.29  inches/minute)  responded as the reciprocal  of pH and
iron-aluminum concentrations.   Further  data were developed  toward establishing
a practical process to  form a ferromagnetic sludge product.   (From Summation
of Results)  662.6 P4,  CE831

                                    1969

M69-95   WORK PLAN FOR WATERSHED PROTECTION AND FLOOD PREVENTION:  CLEAR CREEK
         WATERSHED, HOPKINS AND WEBSTER COUNTIES, KENTUCKY

Watershed Work Plan Agreement between the Hopkins County  Soil and Water
Conservation District,  Clear  Creek  Watershed  Conservancy  District, State of
Kentucky, and the U.S.  Department  of Agriculture, Soil Conservation  Service,
1969.  62 pp.+  Included in the  plan  is a detailed description of the

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M69-95   (continued)

watershed, the watershed problems,  the  improvement  works to be installed, the
project costs and the benefits  to be  expected.   The identified watershed
problem related to coal involves  sediments.   A minor benefit of the project to
coal mining will be that water  pumping  costs  will  be reduced by minimizing the
areal extent of the land affected by  flood  waters.   CE42

                                    1970

M70-118  THE EFFECTS OF STRIP MINING  ON A NATURAL  SYSTEM:   A WATER QUALITY
         STUDY OF PIEDMONT LAKE,  OHIO

Neely, J. C., III, Case Western Reserve University, Intersession Project,
Biology 933, Jan. 1970.  6 pp.  This  is a college  course report paper that
presents data on pH, Ca, Mg, Na,  and  K  for  grab  samples  collected at 19
discharge points from surface-mined areas that surround  Piedmont Lake, Ohio.
R978

                                    1971

M71-99   HISTOCHEMICAL AND CYTOPHOTOMETRIC  ASSAY OF ACID STRESS IN FRESHWATER
         FISH

Anthony, A., Cooper, E. L., Mitchell, R.  B.,  Neff,  W. H.,  and Therrien, C. D.,
The Pennsylvania State University,  Department of Biology,  Report to U.S. EPA,
Office of Research and Monitoring,  Water  Pollution Control Research Series
18050 DXJ 05/71 (May 1971).  113  pp.  NTIS,  PB-227  571.   Longnose dace,
fathead minnows and brook  trout were  examined in field and laboratory studies
for changes in response to acid waters.   The  target organs, such as the gills,
spleen, kidney and liver, were  examined for damages from short and prolonged
acid exposure.  Sublethal  levels  of acidity were not found to be cumulative.
However, it was found that during breeding  season  when fish have increased
oxygen demands, the waters with a pH  of 5.0 were hazardous.  Streams used in
the field studies were Black Moshannon  Creek in  Centre and Clearfield Counties
and Upper Three Runs in Clearfield  County.   Both of these small tributaries of
the West Branch of the Susquehanna  River  are  affected by acid mine drainage.
EPA, 71-113

M71-100   LIMESTONE NEUTRALIZATION  OF DILUTE ACID WASTE WATERS

Deul, M. and Mihok, E. A.  (to United  States of America as represented by the
Secretary of the Interior), U.S.  Pat. 3,617,560  (Nov. 2, 1971).  5 pp.  Dilute
acid wastes, such as mine  drainage, waters,  are neutralized by reaction with an
extremely finely divided limestone  slurry after  which the neutralized effluent
is aerated to strip carbon dioxide  and  oxidize ferrous iron.  After
clarification, the product  stream is  suitable for  disposal  in surface waters.
(Abstract of the disclosure)   71-112

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M71-101   BIOCHEMICAL FUNCTION OF EUGLENA MUTABILIS IN ACID MINE DRAINAGE

Lieb,  J.  A.,  West  Virginia University, Ph.D. Thesis, 1971.  85 pp.  University
Microfilms,  71-26,662.   This dissertation reports on an investigation to
determine the role of Euglena mutabilis in iron oxidation in mine waters.
Included  is  a literature review, description of the experimental procedure,
and  conclusions which indicate that Euglena mutabilis, as an obligate
photoautotroph utilizing light energy and producing oxygen, can be utilized to
reduce acidity and hasten ferric iron precipitation in mine drainage to
alleviate stream pollution.   628.2 L71, 71-111

M71-102  MUDDY RtW MINE DRAINAGE POLLUTION ABATEMENT PROJECT - OPERATION
          SCARLIFT

Skelly and Loy, Engineers, Consultants, Report to Pennsylvania Department of
Environmental Resources, Dec. 1971,  239 PP-+  TM* report documents a study
of  the Muddy Run watershed,  a tributary of Clearfield Creek, and provides dat<,
concerning the extent and severity of mine drainage, a detailed inventory of
pollution sources,  a determination of the impact of this pollution on
Clearfield Creek,  recommendations for remedial measures for each pollution
source, estimates  of the cost of pollution abatement, and recommends an
abatement plan for the  watershed.  Forty-one pollution sources are described
and  33 are recommended  for abatement, with estimates given for construction
costs. The  authors conclude that implementation of the abatement plan will
result in the return of the  37-square-mile Muddy Run watershed to normal vises
and  in considerable improvement in water quality of a 36-alle reach of the
West  Branch  Susquehanna River which is downstream from its confluence with
Clearfield Creek.   628.2 P41S, 71-114

                                     1972

M72-93   COSTS AND EFFECTS OF A WATER PROGRAM FOR A SMALL STRIPPING
          COMPANY—SOUTHEASTERN OHIO

Dreese, C. R.  (1)  and Bryant, H. L, (2) 1(1) Wesc Virginia University and (2)
Xavier University],  Water Resources Bulletin £ <2), 320-327 (April 1972).  A
detailed  analysis  of the financial ability of a small coal company to carry
out various water  pollution  control programs showed that "the added costs
would  seriously worsen  its already precarious financial position."  CE579

M72-94   RIFFLE ZOOBENTHOS IN STREAMS RECEIVING ACID MINE DRAINAGE

Koryak, M.,  Shapiro,  M.  A.,  And Sykora, J.  L.  (University of Pittsburgh,
Graduate  School  of  Public Health),  Water Research £ (10), 1239-1247 (1972).
Two tributaries  of  Turtle Creek, itself a tributary of the Monongahela River
In Pennsylvania, were qualitatively and quantitatively measured  for
differences  in  biomass  during the spring and summer of 1968 to compare the
physical,  chemical,  and biological  conditions of an acid polluted stream with
an organically  polluted streao.   Haymaker Creek, the organically enriched
atream, is located downstream from  a sewage treatment plant whereas the
headwaters of the acidic  stream,  Lyons  Run, originated In the vicinity of an
abandoned  strip mine.   These  two  types  of  pollution had similar  effects on the

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M72-94   (continued)

ecology and composition  of  benthic  fauna,  high  numbers  of individuals
comprised of a few species.  Where  the  acid  stream  is being  neutralized with
iron hydroxide deposition,  species  diversity slightly increases but the
biomass is very low.  The number of  insect groups present increases steadily
with progressive neutralization until  species which indicate considerable
improvement in the water quality appear.   The supply of desirable benthic fish
food is very high  in  the parts of  the  stream where  low  pH, high acidity, and
high ferrous iron  concentrations prevent  the survival of fish.   However, in
less acidic zones, the deposition  of ferric  iron drastically diminishes the
total biomass of benthic organisms  and  severely limits  fish  populations.
CE299

M72-95   MANAGING  SURFACE MINE WASTES  AND  THEIR INFLUENCE ON WATER QUALITY

McCarthy, R. E. (Washington Irrigation and Development  Company), in
Proceedings, 27th  Annual Meeting Soil  Conservation  Society of America,
Portland, Oregon,  Aug. 6-9,  1972.   pp  123-129.   In  clarifying turbid water
from the mining operation,  suspended sediment is flocculated with a
polyelectrolyte.   The suspension settles  out in ponds and clear water
overflows into the receiving stream.  R160a

M72~96   SIMULTANEOUS POLAROGRAPHIC DETERMINATION  OF IRON (II) AND IRON (III)
         IN COAL MINE WASTE WATER

Tackett, S. L. and Wieserman,  L. F.  (Indiana University of Pennsylvania),
Analytical Letters _5  (9),  643-651  (1972).  The  polarographic method, using a
sodium  carbonate-oxalic  acid supporting electrolyte, is described.  The
average relative error was  2.2 percent for Fe(II)  and  2.1 percent for Fe(III)
over a  range of  10 to 500  ppm.   In actual  mine  water samples taken near
Clymer, Pennsylvania, the  Fe(II) content  was highest where the mine water
emerged.  As the water moved down  stream from the  source of pollution Fe(II)
decreased and Fe(III) concentration increased.   This was accompanied by a
decrease in pH.  Further down  the  stream when Fe(III)  started to precipitate
its concentration  steadily  decreased.   (Authors' abstract adapted)  CE580

                                     1973

M73-84   STRIP MINING AND  WATER  POLLUTION

Ahmad,  M. U. (Ohio University,  Athens, Ohio), Ground Water _U  (5), 37-41
(Sept.-Oct. 1973).  Discussion of  paper and  reply,  A.  F. Agnew, M. U. Ahmad,
Ground  Water _1_2  (2),  110-111 (March-April 1974).  This  paper presents excerpts
from the author's  1973  testimony  before several congressional committees on
the effects of  surface mining.   Also included is a Discussion  of Papers which
takes the author to task for overstatements, broad generalizations, and
statements which are  inaccurate, meaningless or erroneous,  and  the author's
reply to this critcism.  R986

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 M73-85   SOIL AS A MEDIUM FOR THE RENOVATION OF ACID MINE DRAINAGE

 Ciolkosz,  E. J., Kardos, L. T., and Beers, W. F., The Pennsylvania  State
 University, Institute for Research on Land and Water Resources, Research
 Project Technical Completion Report, Project A-027-PA, Agreement
 #14-31-0001-4038, for the U.S. Office of Water Resources Research,  tec.  1973.
 135 pp.  NTIS, PB-228 868.   Equilibration of soil material from three horizons
 (Ap,  B23 and Cl) at various ratios (1:1, 1:5 and 1:50) of soil to acid mine
 drainage water (AKW) indicated that maximum effect on pH, total acidity,
 conductivity,  and iron content of the AMW occurred within five minutes and in
 the narrowest  soil:   AMW ratio.  Percolation of mine water, which had been
 collected  from the Proctor 2 source at the Pennsylvania State University mine
 drainage treatment facility at Hollywood, Clearfield County, Pennsylvania,
 through reconstructed 40-inch profiles of Rayne silt loam and Guernsey silty
 clay  loam  at a loading rate of five inches at weekly intervals for  20 weeks
 increased  pH of the AMW from 2.6-2.8 to 4.0 with the Rayne soil and  to 8.0
 with  the calcareous Guernsey soil.  Iron was totally removed by both soils.
 Al  was decreased 50 percent by the Rayne soil.   The Guernsey soil totally
 removed Al, An,  Cu,  and Mn.   Twenty one soil samples (horizons) from seven
 Pennsylvania soils were equilibrated for 32 hours three times in succession, in.
 a  1:5 soil: AMW ratio.   Multiple linear regression analysis was used to
 evaluate the effect  of certain soil properties  on the chemical quality of the
 equilibrated acid mine water.   Most of the variation of pH, total acidity, and
 iron  were  accounted  for by cation exchange capacity and CaCO, equivalent.
 (From authors'  abstract)  CE3

 M73-86  CHLORELLA VULGARIS GROWTH RESPONSE TO  ACID MINE WATER STRESS UNDER
         CONDITIONS  OF  CONSTANT AND REDUCED LIGHT

 Pisapia, R., Kopyta,  F.,  and Keller,  E.  C., Jr.  {West Virginia University,
 Department  of  Biology),  West Virginia  Academy of Science Proceedings, Biology
 Section 45_ (2),  120-127 (1973).   Axenic cultures of Chlorella vulgaris (Pratt
 strain) were grown at  ambient  temperature using  a modified Beijerinck's media
 and four concentrations  of  acid  mine water (0/32,  1/32,  2/32, 3/32)  in a light
 and a  predominantly  dark  environment.   Cell counts  were  made using an
 electronic  particle  counter.   From these  data,  four growth parameters were
 estimated:   the maximum  specific  growth  rate; the maximum population growth
 rate;  the  average  time  for  the  population to reach  the  maximum growth rate;
 and the maximum number  of cells  obtained.   The maximum  specific  growth rate
 was shown  to differ  significantly between the effects of the light conditions
 and the  level  of  acid mine water  (AMW)  concentration.  Most  of  the significant
 variability among  the four AMW  concentrations for  this  parameter  was
 attributable to those cultures  grown In continuous  light.   The difference
 between  the light  and  reduced  light conditions had  a  significant  effect  on the
 time measure of the lag  phase of  growth,  For those cultures  grown in the
 reduced light  environment,  the  different  concentrations  of  AMW  showed no
 significant effect on the four  growth  parameters measured.   (Authors'
abstract)   CE581

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M73-87   PHYTOPLANKTON  GENERIC  DIVERSITY  AND  BIOMASS  ESTIMATES OF A
         MONONGAHELA RIVER ACID CONFLUENCE

Rankin, D. and Keller,  E. C., Jr.  (West Virginia  University,  Department of
Biology), Proceedings of the West  Virginia  Academy  of  Science 45^ (2),  169-177
(1973).  Water samples  were  taken  from  the  confluence  of  Robinson Run  and the
Monongahela River in northern West Virginia in  order  to obtain information on
the effect of an acid stream on generic diversity.   Samples at each station
were examined to determine generic diversity, biomass, density and
distribution of phytoplankton in relation to  an acid  stream.   The parameters
pH, hot and cold acidity, dissolved  oxygen, percent saturation of oxygen, and
water temperature were  also measured with analyses  of  variance and correlation
performed on the data.  The generic  diversity and density were found to be
significantly decreased in the  acid  stream  with Euglena being the only genus
found.  Both diversity  and density slowly increased down  river with increasing
distance from the confluence.   The highest  generic  diversities and densities
were found upriver from the confluence.   Significant  differences in the
chemical parameters of  Robinson Run  were  also found.   High acidity, as
measured by hot and cold acidity values,  appeared to  be a significant  factor
in determining the diversity and density  indices.   (Authors'  abstract)  CE185

M73-88   USE OF OZONE FOR TREATMENT  OF MINE DRAINAGE  DISCHARGES

Swain, H. A., Jr. and Rozelle,  R.  B.  (Wilkes  College), First  International
Symposium on Ozone for  Water and Waste Water  Treatment, Washington, D. C.,
Dec. 2-5, 1973.  13 pp.  A brief description  is provided  of  the research
activities at Wilkes College on the  use of  ozone  as it affects manganese
removal from mine waters.  From the  research  described, it appears that, after
the more easily oxidizable ferrous iron is  removed, ozone will react with
manganese (II) to oxidize it to the  +4 oxidation  state in which it will
precipitate as the manganese (IV)  oxide.  CE160

                                     1974

M74-90   ADDITIONAL OBSERVATIONS ON  THE EFFECTS OF  STRIP  MINING ON
         SMALL-STREAM FISHES IN EAST-CENTRAL  KENTUCKY

Branson, B. A. and Batch, D. L. (Eastern  Kentucky University, Department of
Biological Sciences), Transactions of the Kentucky  Academy of Science  3£
(3-4), 81-83 (Dec. 1974).  Observations from  November 1971 through December
1972 show that continued siltatlon from surface mining operations in two
tributaries to the North Fork of the Kentucky River has  prevented recovery of
fish populations in those streams.   All species reported  from Leatherwood
Creek in 1972 have been forced  downstream,  and  six  of those species are now
absent from that stream.  Two other  species are now missing from both streams.
Populations of Semotilus atromaculatuB  apparently are on  the increase, perhaps
because of removal of Competing species.   (Authors' abstract adapted)  CE117

M74-91   A COMPARATIVE  STUDY OF CHEMICAL  LOADINGS OF ACID AND NON-ACID
         TRIBUTARIES OF CHEAT LAKE,  WEST  VIRGINIA

Edens, D. (West Virginia University, Department of  Biology),  West Virginia

                                      9

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 M74-91    (continued)

 Academy of Science  Proceedings _4£ (1), 45-52 (1974).  Three acid streams,
 Canyon  Run,  Sunnyside  Run,  and Tower Run,  and five non-acid streams, Maple
 Run,  Morgan Run,  Cole's Run,  Quarry Run, and Rubles Run, were sampled monthly
 from  June  1973 through January 1974.  Values were obtained for pH,
 conductivity,  discharge,  silicate, sulfate, total iron, total acidity,
 orthophosphate,  total  phosphate,  nitrate-nitrogen, and for K, Ma, Ca, Mg, Zn,
 Cu, and Mn.   Loadings  were  calculated from concentration and discharge
 measurements.   The  acid streams of this study can be distinguished from the
 non-acid streams  on the basis of  all parameters studied, except nitrate-
 nitrogen concentration and  loading,  silicate loading, and potassium
 concentration.   Maple  Run and Quarry Run can be distinguished from the other
 non-acid streams  when  concentrations and loadings of selected ions are based
 upon  drainage  area.  This difference is not apparent when considering
 concentrations  and  loadings alone.  (Adapted from author's abstract)  CE37

 M74-92    HYDROLOGY  OF  THE ABANDONED COAL MINES IN THE WYOMING VALLEY,
          PENNSYLVANIA

 Hollowell,  J.  R., U.S.  Geological Survey,  Open-File Report, OFR 74-237 (1974).
 47 pp.+ maps   This  paper  reports  on a study to determine what modifications
 of the  underground  flow system would provide a better quality of mine-water
 discharge  from  the mine pools in  the Wyoming Valley mine field without causing
 ground-water  flooding  or  mine subsidence.   Maps showing the existing mines,
 tunnels  and discharges  are  included.  Discharge chemical analysis includes
 trace elements.   Recommendations  are presented for creating discharge points
 that would  overflow during  periods of heavy precipitation.  US Ceol, CE91

 M74-93    POTENTIAL  OF  MINE  AND MILL SPOILS FOR WATER QUALITY DEGRADATION

 McWhorter,  D.  B., Skogerboe,  R. K.,  and Skogerboe, G. V. (Colorado State
 University),  in Water  Resources Problems Related to Mining, American Water
 Resources Association,  Proceedings No.  18  (June 1974).  pp 123-137.   An
 investigation  into  the  pollution  potential and current water quality
 degradation attributable  to mine  and mill  spoils was conducted in Colorado at
 the Edna coal mine and  at a tailings pond  from the production of lead, copper,
 and zinc.   The chemical characteristics of the spoils were determined and
 correlated  with the chemical  makeup of water which has passed through and over
 the spoils.  Monthly in-stream water quality measurements were made  upstream
 and downstream  of the  spoils  to determine  the degree of water quality
 degradation.  Soluble  salts,  principally calcium, magnesium,  sodium, and
 sulfate, were found to  be the major  contaminants at both locations.   (Authors'
 abstract adapted)  628.2  H13,  CE25

M74-94   NORTHWEST ALLEGANY COUNTY AND  LOWER GEORGES CREEK COMPLEX,  ALLEGANY
         AND GARRETT COUNTIES,  MARYLAND:   MINE DRAINAGE ABATEMENT
         INVESTIGATIONS

Green Associates, Inc.   and Gannett  Fleming Corddry and Carpenter,  Inc., Report
to Maryland Department  of Natural  Resources, Nov. 1972.   Submitted Dec. 31,
 1974.    (179 pp.+  11 plates).   Within the 108 square-mile area studied, 360

                                      10

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H74-94    (continued)

mine discharges were  identified,  203  of  which were  considered to be of a
pollutional nature.   Eleven  coal  seams in  the complex were mined by
underground and/or  surface mining methods.   Three general  abatement plans,
involving both preventative measures  and mine drainage treatment and ranging
in cost from $12-28 million  are presented.   In addition,  specific remedial
measures  and costs are given  for  each discharge point.   628.2 G79,  CE162

M74-95    CHEMICAL KINETICS OF NEUTRALIZATION OF ACIDIC WATER BY CRUSHED
          LIMESTONE

Pearson,  F. H. and McDonnell, A.  J. (The Pennsylvania State University,
Institute for Research on Land and Water Resources),  in Mater Resources
Problems  Related to Mining,  American  Water  Resources  Association, Proceedings
No. 18  (June 1974).   pp  85-98.  To provide  for the  rational design of
limestone neutralization processes, the  kinetics of the chemical reactions
involved  were evaluated  by experiment, and  an analysis made of the chemical
and physical boundary conditions  that control the extent  to which the
reactions are completed*  The rate limiting reactions are  the attack of
limestone by hydrogen ions,  and the exsolution of carbon dioxide which is
thereby generated;  the latter reaction has  an increasing  effect on process
efficiency above pH 5.   Rate  constants for  the limiting reactions were
evaluated each as a function  of temperature, ionic  strength, water turbulence,
and for the first reaction bicarbonate ion  concentration,  which catalyzes the
attack of limestone by hydrogen ions.  A mathematical model of limestone
neutralization processes reproduced experimental data.  (From authors'
abstract)  628.2 H13, CE23

                                    1975

M75-47    GEOCHEMICAL  AND SED1MENTOLOGICAL  ANALYSIS  OF TYGART LAKE, WEST
          VIRGINIA

Collin, M. L., West Virginia  University, Water Research Institute, Information
Report 7, WRI-WVU-75-02, West Virginia University Bulletin, Series 76, No. 3-3
(Sept.  1975).  41 pp.  The water  of the  reservoir was found to be acid with
low turbidity and low total  solids.   The bottom sediment  contained 4.1 to 18.3
percent clay.  For loss  on ignition,  cation exchange  capacity, clay content,
and for the cations nitrogen, phosphorus,  calcium,  iron,  and magnesium,
decrease  in percentages  and  in absolute  amounts were  detected laterally from
the dam toward the Tygart Valley  River inlet, and increase was observed with
depth in  the sediment profile.  For silicon, aluminum, and potassium cations,
the patterns were reversed.   Kaolinite,  illite, venniculite, and minor amounts
of montmorillonite were  present.   (Adapted  from author's  abstract)  CE41

M75-48    BIOLOGICAL AND  CHEMICAL  CATALYSIS  OF FERROUS IRON OXIDATION IN ACID
         MINE DRAINAGE

Curran, L. M. (1) and Svanka, K.  (2)  [(1)  Battelle  Columbus Laboratories and
(2) The Ohio State University, Chemical  Engineering Department], in
Proceedings of the 3rd National Conference  on Energy  and the Environment,

                                      11

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 M75-48   (continued)

 Hueston Woods State Park, Ohio, Sept.  29-Oct.  1,  1975.   pp 70-74.   For pH
 values greater than 4.0, the oxidation  rate  constants of the  chemical reaction
 system and the biological reaction  system  were  related  exponentially to pH.
 Below pH 4.0, the biological reaction  system was  found  to  be  independent of
 pH.  During the recycle operation,  it  was  determined  that  the percent of
 conversion of ferrous iron increased as  the  quantity  of  ferric iron in
 suspension increased.  (From authors'  Conclusions)  CE249

 M75-49   COMPLIANCE WITH NPDES GUIDELINES  IN THE  COAL  INDUSTRY

 Drevna, C.  T., Advances in Instrumentation 30  (2),  1-2  (1975).  The best
 practicable technology currently available 7BPTCA) mandated by the  Federal
 Water Pollution Act of 1972 for acid mine  drainage  is hydrated lime treatment.
 A step-by-step description of the process  and  its safety measures are given.
 The resultant discharge from the carefully monitored  treatment should be in
 compliance  with the National Pollutant Discharge  Elimination  System (NPDES)
 guidelines.  CE226

 M75-50   BACTERIAL ECOLOGY OF STRIP MINE AREAS AND  ITS RELATIONSHIP TO THE
          PRODUCTION OF ACIDIC MINE DRAINAGE

 Dugan, P.  R.  (The Ohio State University, Department of Microbiology),  Ohio
 Journal of  Science 75 (6), 266-279  (1975).   The activity of acidophilic
 bacteria as agents Involved in the production of  sulfuric  acid from iron
 pyrite (FeS.) found in association with coal mine refuse or spoils  was
 reviewed.   Data was presented which demonstrated  the inhibitory  effect of
 anionic detergents and certain organic acids on the growth and metabolism  of
 the acidophilic  thiobacilli.   The influence of acidic mine drainage on the
 microflora  of non-acid polluted streams was considered.  Also  discussed were
 the heterotrophic microbes  which are indigenous to acid  (pH 3.0) streams and
 acid coal refuse, with a section devoted to the potential  for  sulfate  reducing
 bacteria as agents for removal  of  sulfuric acid from the streams.   (Author's
 abstract)   R874

 M75-51    BACTERIAL ECOLOGY  OF STRIP MINE AREAS AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO  THE
          PRODUCTION OF ACIDIC MINE DRAINAGE

 Dugan,  P. R.  (The Ohio State  University, Department of Microbiology),  Ohio
 Journal  of  Science 7_5  (6),  266-274 (Nov. 1975).  The activity  of acidophilic
 bacteria as agents involved  in  the production of sulfuric acid from  iron
 pyrite  (FeS2)  found in association with coal  mine refuse or spoils  was
 reviewed.   Data was  presented which demonstrated the inhibitory effect of
 anionic  detergents and certain  organic  acids  on the growth and metabolism  of
 the  acidophilic thiobacilli.   The  influence of  acidic  mine drainage  on  the
microflora  of non-acid polluted  streams was considered.   Also discussed were
 the  heterotrophic  microbes which are indigenous to acid  (pH 3.0) streams and
acid coal refuse,  with a section devoted to the potential for sulfate reducing
bacteria as agents  for removal of  sulfuric  acid from the streams.   (Author's
abstract)   R874


                                      12

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M75-52   GEOCHEMISTRY OF BRINES  IN  THE  COAL  MEASURES  OF  NORTHEAST ENGLAND

Edmunds, W. M. (Institute of Geological  Sciences,  Hydrogeological Department,
London), Institution of Mining and  Metallurgy  Transactions,  Section B 84,
B39-B52 (May  1975).  Chemical analyses  were  made of a number  of  samples of
mine waters from throughout the  Coal Measures.   The majority  of  brines in
Northumberland and Durham comprise  calcium chloride brines, characterized by
high bromide, but with K, Mg, and Na much lower  than  in  sea water.   A smaller
group of brines, found mainly in the southeast of  the coal  field, have higher
K and lower bromide compared with the main group and  are considered to be
derived, in part, from the Permian,  The relationship between barium brines
(up to 4180 mg/1 Ba) and sulfate brines  indicates  that barite deposition and
solution may have occurred in cycles.   (From author's Synopsis)   CE10

M75-53   ACIDIC AND FERRUGINOUS  MINE DRAINAGES

Glover, H. G. (National Coal Board, U.K.), in  "The Ecology  of Resource
Degradation and Renewal," The 15th  Symposium of  The  British Ecological
Society, July 10-12, 1973, M. J. Chadwick and  G. T.  Goodman,  Eds.,  Oxf o-rd:
Blackwell  Scientific Publications,  1975.  pp 173-195. The  origin and
potentially polluting effects of acidic  and  ferruginous  drainages from coal
mines,  spoil  heaps and coal stock-piles are  described.  Procedures available
for the control of contamination at the source and for the  treatment of these
drainages  are reviewed.  (Author's  Summary)  631 C43

M75-54   GROUND-WATER RESOURCES  OF  LACKAWANNA  COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA

Hollowell, J. R. and Koester, H. E., Pennsylvania  Geological  Survey, Water
Resource Report 41 (1975).  106  pp.+  This study was  made to  provide
information on the availability, distribution, quality,  and use  of water for
the orderly development of water resources to meet increasing needs for water
due mainly to population shifts  from urban to  suburban and  rural parts of the
county.  The  county includes a large extent  of  the Northern Anthracite Coal
Field,  and the report also describes the distribution and movement of water in
underground mines and also the effect mine-water discharge  has upon the
Lackawanna River.  Tabulated results of water  quality analyses include values
for a number of trace elements in mine  waters.   (Adapted from authors'
Introduction)  628.2 P34 W41, CE2

K75-55   FOOD HABITS OF ICTALURUS NUBULOSUS  IN  ACID  POLLUTED  WATER OF NORTHERN
         WEST VIRGINIA

Klarberg,  D.  P. and Benson, A. (West Virginia  University, Department of
Biology),  Transactions of the American  Fisheries  Society 104  (3), 541-547
(1975).  An investigation of the quantity, quality,  and  preference of food
consumed by the brown bullhead in a 3. 5 kilometer  section of the Monongahela
River at Morgantown and in the unpolluted Doe  Pond,  part of the  Tygart River
Reservoir, near Grafton, West Virginia, was  conducted from June  to September
1968.   Through stomach analyses  the average  volume of food per fish by
station, month collected, and size  were classified as animal, plant, detritus,
or sewage  material'  Animal and  plant material  were keyed to the taxa of
family.  In non-acid water, the  fish consumed  the  preferred aquatic insect

                                      13

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 M75-55   (continued)

 larvae of chironomids, whereas in acid stressed waters, the brown bullhead
 consumed more oligochaetes than chironomids because of their greater
 abundance•  CE6

 M75-56   NEW MEDIUM FOR ISOLATING IRON-OXIDIZING AND HETEROTROPHIC ACIDOPHILIC
          BACTERIA FROM ACID MINE DRAINAGE

 Manning, H.  L.  (U.S.  EPA,  Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory,
 Cincinnati,  Ohio), Applied Microbiology _30 (6), 1010-1016 (Dec.  1975).  The
 advantages of the new solid medium iron-salts-purified (ISP), are that it is
 more easily  prepared, promotes faster growth of colony types, and allows for
 better differentiation of  iron-oxidizing bacteria than previously developed
 media.  Five acid mine drainage samples, each from a different state, were
 studied and  revealed smooth, smooth with secondary growth sectors, star
 shaped, radiating lobe and flat-rough colony types on the ISP medium.  CE35

 M75-57   WATER  POLLUTION FROM NONPOINT SOURCES

 McElroy, A.  D., Chiu, S. Y., Nebgen, J. W., Aleti, A., and Vandegrift, A. E.
 (Midwest Research Institute), Water Research £ (7), 675-681 (1975).  Drainage
 from both surface and deep mines is one of the pollution sources discussed in
 this paper.   CE560

 M75-58   EVALUATION OF HEAVY METALS MOBILIZATION WITHIN COAL CONTOUR MINING
          SPOIL  BANKS

 Minear, R. A.,  Tschantz, B.  A.,  Turnmire, J.  B., and Rose, R. R. (University
 of  Tennessee, Department of  Civil Engineering), American Chemical Society,
 Division of  Environmental  Chemistry Preprints _15_ (1), 170-173 (1975).  The
 continuing project is briefly discussed,  no results are given.  ACS 51E,
 CE855c

 M75-59   NONAUTOTROPHIC THIOBACILLUS IN ACID MINE WATER

 Myers,  P.  S.  and  Millar, W.  N.  (West Virginia University,  Division of Plant
 Sciences), Applied Microbiology 30 (5), 884-886 (Nov.  1975).   Also published
 as  West  Virginia  University  Experiment Station Scientific  Paper No.  1324.
 This  paper describes  the investigation of two Thiobacillus ieolates from acid
 mine  water and  the characteristics which  indicate that they are strains of
 Thiobacillus perometabolis.   CE576

 M75-60   A COMPARISON OF BENTHIC OLIGOCHAETE POPULATIONS IN ACID AND NEUTRAL
          LENTIC ENVIRONMENTS IN SOUTHEASTERN OHIO

 Orciari,  R.  D.  and Hummon, W.  D.  (Ohio University,  Department of Zoology and
Microbiology),  Ohio J.  Science  75 (1),  44-49  (Jan.  1975).   At monthly
 Intervals during  the  summer  of T571,  faunal,  water,  and sedimentary samples
were  collected  from comparable coves  in Lake  Hope,  Vinton  County,  an acid-
polluted  Impoundment,  and  in Dow Lake,  Athens County,  a nonpolluted
 impoundment.   The  H'  species  diversity  in samples  from Lake Hope was

                                      14

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M75-60   (continued)

significantly lower than in those  from Dow Lake,  although the  abundance of
individuals in the two sampling areas was similar.   Results  of a  similarity
analysis based on shared species diversity indicated that S  '  values were
nearly as great among Lake Hope samples as among  Dow Lake samples,  but  that
both differed significantly from values between  samples  from the  two lakes*
(Adapted from authors' abstract)   CE555

M75-61   INFLUENCE OF SPOIL MATERIAL ON GROUND WATER QUALITY

Pagenkopf, G. K. (1), Whitworth, C. (1), and  VanVoast, W. (2)  [(1)  Montana
State University and  (2) Montana Bureau of Mines],  American  Chemical Society,
Division of Environmental Chemistry Preprints J_5_ (1),  162-163  (1975).   The
problem of toxic elements leaching from spoil in  the presence  of  ground water
was investigated in the laboratory using samples  of  water and  spoil from the
Decker Coal Company Mine, Decker,  Montana, and the  Western Energy Coal  Mine,
Colstrip, Montana.  Significant amounts of sodium,  potassium,  calcium,
magnesium, bicarbonate, and especially sulfate were  analyzed in the leachate.
ACS 51E, CE855

M75-62   LIMESTONE BARRIERS TO NEUTRALIZE ACIDIC  STREAMS

Pearson, F. H. and McDonnell, A. J. (The Pennsylvania State  University,
Institute for Research on Land and Water Resources), J.  Environmental
Engineering Division, ASCE 101 (EE3), 425-440 (June  1975).  Proceedings Paper
11382.  Water samples were taken for analysis and measurements were made to
determine the effect of each  installation on  water  quality at  four prototype
limestone barriers that had been constructed  to  neutralize acidic streams.
The pH of stream water was increased by up to 3  pH  units at  low streamflow, to
pH 7 or above.  This  demonstrates  that limestone  barriers are capable of
renovating acidic streams to  the point that  normal  aquatic life can be
restored, rendering the stream water suitable for a number of uses that are
otherwise precluded.  A mathematical model of limestone  barriers  was
constructed, based on hydraulic  laws and  on  the  chemical kinetics of the rate
limiting reactions between crushed limestone  and  acidic  water.  Model
predictions matched the observed  performance  of  the barriers.  A procedure was
developed to determine the design  of a barrier of crushed limestone to
neutralize a given streamflow.   (Authors' abstract)  CE8

M75-63   USE OF CRUSHED LIMESTONE  TO NEUTRALIZE  ACID WASTES

Pearson, F. H. and McDonnell, A. J. (The  Pennsylvania State  University,
Institute for Research on Land and Water  Resources), J.   Environmental
Engineering Division, ASCE  101 (EE1),  139-158 (Feb. 1975).  Proceedings Paper
11131.  To provide for the rational design of limestone   neutralization
processes, the kinetics of  the chemical  reactions involved were evaluated  by
experiment, and an analysis made of the  chemical and physical boundary
conditions that control the  extent to which  the  reactions are completed.   The
rate limiting reactions are  the  attack of  limestone by hydrogen ions,  and  the
exsolution of carbon  dioxide  which is  thereby generated;  the  latter reaction
has an  increasing  effect  on  process efficiency above pH  5.  Rate constants for

                                      15

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 M75-63   (continued)

 the limiting reactions were evaluated each as a function of temperature,  ionic
 strength,  water turbulence, and for the first reaction bicarbonate ion
 concentration, which catalyzes the attack of limestone by hydrogen ions.  A
 mathematical model of limestone neutralization processes was simplified to
 obtain a graphical procedure for the process design for neutralization.   These
 graphs indicate the quantity of crushed limestone of given size that is
 required to neutralize a specified flow of acid waste from the initial pH to
 the required final pH.  (Authors'  abstract)  CE9

 M75-64   PICKLING LIQUORS, STRIP MINES, AND GROUND^WATER POLLUTION

 Pettyjohn,  W.  A.  (The Ohio State University, Department of Geology and
 Mineralogy), Ground Water J^3 (1),  4-10 (Jan./Feb. 1975).  The author describes
 the problems resulting from the use of an abandoned surface-mine area in
 northeastern Ohio as a dump for neutralized spent pickling liquors.  Analyses
 of  samples  taken  at 23 sites show the effect of the dumped materials on
 streams, seeps, and ground water in the area.  CE270

 M75-65   GROUND WATER IN COAL STRIP-MINE SPOILS, POWDER RIVER BASIN

 Rahn,  P.  H.  (South Dakota School of Mines and Technology), in Proceedings of
 the Fort Union Coal Field Symposium, Vol. 3, Reclamation Section, Eastern
 Montana  College,  Billings, Montana, by Montana Academy of Sciences, April 25,
 26,  1975, W.  F. Clark,  Ed., 1975.   pp 348-361.   Available Eastern Montana
 College  Bookstore, Billings, Montana 59101.   $8.75 - 5 Vol. set.  Preliminary
 results  of a two  year research program to study the hydrogeology of coal mine
 spoil  piles  are presented.   It was observed that spoil permeability is low
 where  the overburden was shale with sandstone,  and high where the overburden
 was mostly  alluvium.   Permeability also depended on the mechanical equipment
 used to  remove  and transport the overburden.  The spoil removed by dozer
 scrapers  became more compacted, and therefore less permeable than that moved
 by  dragline  excavations.   Twenty-one water samples collected from local
 shallow  ground  water and from old  spoils areas  were analyzed for chemical
 constituents.   All  samples  had greater than 250 ppm aulfate and were also high
 in  calcium, magnesium and total dissolved solids.   In addition, it appears
 that following  abandonment  aquifers will form as spoils become more saturated.
 (Adapted from author's  Summary)  631 M79,  R770

M75-66   LIMNOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF STRIP  MINE PONDS IN NORTHWESTERN
         COLORADO,  U.S.A.

Reed, E. B., Verh.  Internet.  Verein.  Limnol. 1£ (2),  856-865 (1975).   This
report compares Salamander  and Camilletti Ponds, both formed from strip-mine
operations in Routt  County,  Colorado.   The biological,  physical,  chemical, and
seasonal properties  are  discussed  and the major components of the food web
within each  system  are  identified.   CamlUettl  Pond is  shown to be able to
support  trout.  CE228
                                      16

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M75-67   SOME GEOCHEMICAL CONSIDERATIONS  OF  COAL

Renton, J. J. and Hidalgo, R. V., West Virginia  Geological  and Economic
Survey, Coal-Geology Bulletin No. 4  (Aug.  1975).   38  pp.+  The report includes
a discussion of the acid producing potential  of  coal.   The  results of a study
of 26 samples of coal show that  the  best  indicators of  acid formation are
amounts of sulfate and of total  iron in coal  leachate.   However,  it was
emphasized that there was no direct  correlation  between the amount of pyrite
in coal and acid production.  Rather, amorphous  and fine-grained  pyrite
produces acid very rapidly in comparison  with coarse-grained crystalline
pyrite.  WVa, CE630

M75-68   SOME ASPECTS OF WATER QUALITY AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO  HYDROLOGY IN
         SMALL COAL MINED DRAINAGE BASINS  IN THE CUMBERLAND MOUNTAINS

Rose, R. R. and Minear, R. A. (University  of Tennessee, Department of Civil
Engineering), American Chemical  Society,  Division of  Environmental
Chemistry Preprints _1_5 (1),  168-169  (1975).   The results of a study of
biweekly-samples taken from nineteen stream  sites in  the New River basin,
Tennessee indicate that water quality is  affected by  mining, related to stream
flow, and that certain water quality parameters can  be more affected by
ground water movement than by surface run-off.  (Adapted from text)  ACS 51E,
CE855b

M75-69   IMPACT OF ACID MINE DRAINAGE ON  RECREATIONAL AREA IN SOUTHERN OHIO

Smith, M. J., Haile, D. M.,  Huntsman, B.  E., Warner,  B. J., Solch, J. G., and
Boiler, J. E., Anerican Chemical Society,  Division of Environmental Chemistry
Preprints 1_5 (1), 164-167  (1975).  Eleven  wells  located adjacent  to
streamsites of Lake Hope  State Park, Ohio, which receives mine discharge from
Sandy Run were monitored  twice weekly to  assess  rapid qualitative and
quantitative changes in water.   An accurate  water budget was established for
the area, and stream and  lake discharge rates were determined.  Water samples
were analyzed for 17 separate chemical parameters.  No serious water chemistry
problem was found, but the data  collected from the extensive monitoring will
serve as baseline information for the prevention of future problems.  ACS 51E,
CE855a

M75-70   HYDROLOGIC  IMPACTS  OF  COAL  MINE  EFFLUENTS AND SPOIL LEACHATES

Van Voast, W. A. (1), Hedges, R. B.  (1),  and Pagenkopf, G.  K. (2)  [(1) Montana
Bureau of Mines and Geology  and  (2)  Montana State University], in Proceedings
of the Fort Union Coal Field Symposium, Vol. 3,  Reclamation Section, Eastern
Montana College, Billings, Montana,  by Montana Academy of  Sciences, April 25,
26, 1975, W. F. Clark, Ed.,  1975.  pp 289-303.  Available Eastern Montana
College Bookstore, Billings, Montana 59101.   $8.75 - 5 Vol. set.   Objectives
of this report are to describe  the current status of  research in water-quality
effects of mining, to add perspective to  current knowledge, and to  define the
directions of the research program.   Research has thus far established that
the main hydrologlc effects  of  strip mining of coal will be changes in ground-
water flow patterns during mining, and changes in ground-water quality after
mining is completed.  Alterations of flow patterns during  the mining

                                      17

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 M75-70   (continued)

 operations will occur locally in aquifers peripheral to the mines.
 Alterations of ground-water quality will occur within and downgradient from
 mined and reclaimed areas.  (From authors' Introduction)  631 M79, R763

 M75-71   HYDROGEOLOGIC ASPECTS OF EXISTING AND PROPOSED STRIP COAL MINES NEAR
          DECKER,  SOUTHEASTERN MONTANA

 Van Voast, W.  A.  and Hedges, R.  B., Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology,
 Bulletin 97 (Dec.  1975).   31 pp>+  Coal beds near Decker are important sources
 of  ground water for stock and domestic wells.   Tabulated data of the report
 include basic  information on water wells, water level changes In wells, and
 results of analyses of well, mine, and spoil waters.  Water levels in
 observation wells  have declined  more than 10 feet within 1 and 1/2 miles west
 of  an active mine.   Water-level  declines east  of the mine have been restricted
 because of recharge induced from the Tongue River Reservoir.  Effluent from
 the active mine is  a mixture of  local ground waters.  Dissolved-solids
 concentrations in  the effluent have decreased  from about 2,000 mg/1 in early
 1972 to about  1,400 mg/1  in early 1975, and sodium-adsorption-ratio values
 have decreased from about 20 to  10, resulting  in the water being usable for
 irrigation of  mine  spoils.   Predictions are made for the effects on ground
 water flow and quality of the development of two additional mines In the area.
 After mining,  It is predicted that water levels in affected wells will rise
 toward premining levels,  that ground water flow patterns toward the reservoir
 will  resume, flow  rates  through  the mined areas would not exceed about 3.6
 cfs,  and average dissolved-solids concentration would be about 2,250 mg/1.
 (Authors'  abstract  adapted)  75-47, CE1

 M75-72   METHOD OF  AND APPARATUS FOR REMOVING  CONCENTRATED SOLUTIONS OF
          IONISABLE  COMPOUNDS FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS THEREOF

 Wallace,  R. A.  P.,  Brit.  Pat. 1,410,188 (Oct.  15, 1975).  22 pp.  The solution
 to  be  desalted flows through an  apparatus with semipermlable membranes.  Upon
 application of electric  current, ions pass from the water being treated
 through  the membranes and are concentrated in  a polymerized silica gel.  An
 experiment  run  with acid  mine drainage is given as one  of the examples of the
 use of  the  process.   Brit Pat, CE98

M75-73    DESIGN OF  A SYSTEM FOR  MONITORING HYDROLOGIC EFFECTS OF A PROPOSED
          COAL  SURFACE MINE  IN SOUTHWEST NORTH  DAKOTA

Wright,  A.  P.  (Woodward-Clyde Consultants),  AIME-SME Fall  Meeting,  Salt Lake
City,  Utah, Sept. 10-12,  1975.   18 pp.   Preprint  No.  75-F-339.   The four major
considerations  on which the hydrologic monitoring program was designed include
 the existing hydrologic conditions  in the area,  the relevant legal  criteria,
the proposed mining  and reclamation plans and  methods,  and estimates of
generalized potential  impacts  of mining.   General information concerning each
consideration  is given.   Surface-water and ground-water flow were monitored
and the rationale for  selecting  sites and designing monitoring  stations is
presented.  AIME, CE76


                                      18

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M75-74   OXIDATION OF FERROUS  IONS  IN MINE  DRAINAGE  BY IRON-OXIDIZING BACTERIA

Yabuuchi, &- (1), Imanaga, Y.  (2),  and Fukuda, K.  (1)  [(1)  Dowa  Mining Co.,
Ltd., Japan, Yanahara Mine and  (2)  Tohoku Regional Construction  Bureau,
Japan], The 90th Anniversary and Symposium  of The Mining  and  Metallurgical
Institute of Japan, Nov. 23, 1975.  Print No.  A-7.   3 pp.   It  is claimed that
a commercial oxidizing process, utilizing iron-oxidizing  bacteria,  has been
successfully developed for treating mine drainage.   Little  descriptive
information and data are given  concerning the design of the process or the
experimentation that led to its development.  CE19

                                    1976

M76-25   COAL PILE LEACHATE—QUANTITY AND QUALITY  CHARACTERISTICS

Anderson, W. C. and Youngstrom, M.  P., American  Society of  Civil Engineers -
Environmental Engineering Journal  102  (EE6),  1239-1253 (Dec.  1976).
Discussion by McFall, R. L., ASCE  - Environmental  Engineering Journal 103
(EE4),  760  (Aug.  1977).  Leachate  from coal storage  piles at Cornell
University was monitored to provide information  for  design  of a  treatment
plant.  pH, ferrous iron, total iron, acidity,  total dissolved solids, copper,
manganese, chromium, and zinc  were  determined on samples  collected both during
and  after rainfall at the weir used to measure  leachate flow.  Techniques of
collecting and preserving samples,  and methods of  analysis  are described.
Data  show that the quality and quantity of  coal  pile leachate depend on the
site  and precipitation, and that minerals dissolved  within  the coal pile by
retained moisture are flushed  out  by  precipitation.   Data were used to develop
a method of defining the quality and  quantity of leachate from a proposed coal
pile  after any given conditions of  precipitation.  McFall criticizes the lack
of data on  leachate resulting  from snowfall and  the  omission of  the chemical
analysis of the  coal used  in  the  study.   CE254

M76-26   DETECTION OF THIOBACILLUS FERRPOXIDANS  IN ACID MINE ENVIRONMENTS BY
         INDIRECT FLUORESCENT  ANTIBODY  STAINING

Apel, W. A., Dugan, P.  R., Fllppi,  J.  A.,  and  Rheins, M.  S. (The Ohio State
University, Department  of Microbiology),  Applied and Environmental
Microbiology 21  (Di 159-165  (July 1976).   The  specificity of the  indirect
fluorescent antibody (FA)  stain for T_.  ferrooxidans  was demonstrated with both
laboratory  and environmental  samples.   Coal refuse examined by scanning
electron microscopy exhibited  a rough,  porous  surface, which was
characteristically covered by  water-soluble crystals.  Significant numbers of
•j. ferrooxldanfl  were detected  on  the  exterior  refuse surface by  FA staining,
whereas none were detected in  the  refuse  pores.   A positive correlation
between numbers  of J.  ferrooxidans and acid production in  coal  refuse  in  the
laboratory  was demonstrated  with  the  FA technique.  (From  authors' abstract)
CE176

M76-27   AUTOMATIC SYSTEM  NEUTRALIZES ACID WATER

Coal Age 6_1_ (2),  141  (Feb.  1976).   The system,  built by Mine Safety  Appliances
Co.,  Pittsburgh,  is controlled by a pH probe.   Acid mine water  is  mixed with

                                      19

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 M76-27    (continued)

 slaked  lime  in  a  flash  mixer,  transferred to a second reactor where the iron
 content is oxidized,  then  discharged  to  the  settling pond.   The lime storage
 and delivery components  are  sealed  to minimize leakage of lime float dust.
 CE668

 M76-28    PRELIMINARY  OBSERVATIONS  ON  RESEARCH INTO THE DEVELOPMENT OF
          MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS FOR  IDENTIFYING THE SOURCES OF WATER
           ENCOUNTERED  IN BRITISH COAL  MINES

 BarneB, T. G.,  and Chamberlain, E.  A.  C.  (National Coal Board, Great Britain)
 Symposium on Environmental Problems Resulting from Coal Mining Activities,
 Katowice, Poland, Oct.  18-22,  1976.   16  pp.   For the purposes of this
 investigation,  the underground waters  encountered  in coal mines have been
 classified as follows: water originating  from the  water bearing rock strata;
 water from old  mineworkings; and surface  water,  that is,  water entering a coaj.
 mine from the surface whether it is through  a fault  or whether it  is pumped
 from the surface  for  use in mining  activities.   Isolations  of chemo-
 heterotrophic bacteria,  chemo-autotrophic  Thiobacilli, sulphate-reducing
 bacteria, anaerobic spore-forming bacteria,  iron bacteria,  actinomycetes and
 fungi have been attempted from all  three  types of  water.  The results obtained
 from the samples  of water so far examined  indicate that strata waters are
 sterile; waters from  old mineworkings  are  characterised by  sulphate-reducing
 bacteria, some  species of autotrophic  Thiobacilli, anaerobic spore-forming
 bacteria and small numbers (if any) of chemoheterotrophic bacteria.   Surface
 waters, however, have an abundant and  varied  microflora therefore  enabling a
 distinction to be made between the  three types of  water.  (From authors'
 Summary)  CE173

 M76-29    KINETICS OF LIMESTONE NEUTRALIZATION OF ACID  WATERS

 Barton, P.,  and Vatanatham, T. (The Pennsylvania State  University),
 Environmental Science  & Technology  10  (3), 262-266 (March 1976).   The authors
 conclude that this laboratory work "Has shown  that  the  reaction of  sulfuric
 acid with  limestone  is controlled by hydrogen diffusion in  the  pH  range  of
 2.5-6.   One  explanation given is that   the hydrogen ion, despite  its  small
 size,  is the  only species that diffuses toward the solid  surface,  while  other
 iona such  as  calcium,  carbonate, and bicarbonate are all  diffusing out.   They
 also note  that the apparent rate constant increases  from  the  start to the  end
 of  the  reaction, indicating that the accumulation  of calcium  ions  is not
 strongly hindering the diffusion of the hydrogen ions,  and  that additional
 modeling work is needed  to  describe how the presence of iron  and aluminum  ions
 slows down  the reaction.  Jour,  CE108

 M76-30   STATE ACID-MINE DRAINAGE  LAWS:  A COMPARISON

 Bascle,  B. J.  and  Agnew,  A-  F.,  Library of Congress,  Congressional Research
 Service, 76-257S (Dec. 7,  1976).   67 pp.   States  regulate acid drainage from
 coal and metal mines either  through  general water-pollution  laws or through
 mine-reclamation and water-pollution control  laws that specifically refer  to
mine drainage.   These  laws  are  summarized for all states except the following

                                     20

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M76-30   (continued)

which do not have active coal- or metal-mining  operations:   Connecticut,
Delaware, Hawaii, Louisiana, Massachusetts,  Nebraska,  New Hampshire,  Rhode
Island, South Carolina, and Vermont.  CE161

M76-31   INVESTIGATION OF ACID MINE DRAINAGE EFFECTS ON  RESERVOIR FISHERY
         POPULATIONS

Benson, A., West Virginia University, Report to U.S. EPA, Industrial
Environmental Research Laboratory, Cincinnati,  Ohio, EPA-600/2-76-107 (April
1976).  135 pp.  NTIS, PB-252 703.  Reissue  of  a report  to  U.S.  Bureau of
Sport Fisheries and Wildlife.  See Coal and  the Environment Abstract  Series:
Mine Drainage Bibliography 1910-1976, MD73-9.   73-77

M76-32   COAL AND COAL MINE DRAINAGE  (LITERATURE REVIEW)

Boyer, J. F. and Gleason, V. E.  (Bituminous  Coal Research,  Inc.), J.  Water
Pollution Control Federation 4£  (6),  1284-1287  (1976).  Thirty articles-
published in 1975 are included In this annual literature review.   Subjects
covered include underground mining, surface  mining, and  mine drainage
treatment.  Jour, CE67

M76-33   EFFECT OF  TEMPERATURE AND FERRIC  HYDROXIDE ON THE  EMBRYONIC  AND
         PROTEIN DEVELOPMENT OF  THE COHO  SALMON, ONCORHYNCHUS KISUTCH

Brenner, F. J., Cooper, W. L., and MacHose,  C.  L.  (Grove City College),
Proceedings of the  Pennsylvania  Academy of Science 50, 165-169 (1976).
Laboratory studies  were carried  out at  10  C  and at T6~ C  without ferric
hydroxide and  in the presence of 3 ppm  ferric hydroxide. While both
temperature and ferric hydroxide affected  protein patterns  and rate of
development of the  embryos, the  higher  incubation temperature resulted in
increased embryonic mortality but ferric  hydroxide had no such apparent
effect.  CE578

M76-34   EFFECT OF  FERRIC HYDROXIDE  SUSPENSION  ON BLOOD CHEMISTRY IN THE
         COMMON SHINER, NOTROPUS CORNUTUS

Brenner, F. J., Corbett,  S.,  and Shertzer, R. (Grove  City College),
Transactions of the American  Fisheries  Society  105 (3),  450-455 (May  1976).
Common shiners, Notropus  cornutus, were  exposed to 3  ppm ferric hydroxide for
periods from two to eight weeks. Ferric  hyroxide resulted in initial changes
in  serum protein, glucose,  Na and K  ions,  but these changes did not adversely
affect the internal dynamics  of  the  fish.   (Authors'  abstract)  CE573

M76-35   FACTORS AFFECTING WATER QUALITY FROM STRIP-WINED  SITES

Connell, J. F., Contractor, D.  N.,  and Shanholtz, V.   0., Virginia Polytechnic
Institute  and  State University,  Water Resources Research Center, Bulletin 87
(March  1976).   75 pp.   Data acquired  before and during mining on
precipitation,  stream flow,  and  water quality were analyzed to derive  linear
relationship between  a  water-quality  parameter  and such variables as

                                      21

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 M76-35   (continued)

 temperature, current and antecedent precipitation,  and  the  extent  of  the area
 disturbed by mining.  Mathematical formulae  representing  sulfate and  calciun
 concentration, alkalinity, turbidity, conductance,  and  discharge were used and
 a correlation analysis was also made among them.  A formula  for each  water-
 quality parameter was derived for each of three different conditions:  (1)
 before mining; (2) during mining for the disturbed  area alone; and (3)  during
 mining for the entire watershed.  The findings provide  data  that can  be used
 for predicting site specific water-quality impacts  from strip-uiining
 operations.  CE675

 M76-36   FUNGI IN AND NEAR STREAMS CARRYING  ACID MINE-DRAINAGE

 Cooke, W. B.,  Ohio Journal of Science 7£ (5), 231-240 (1976).  In  1964  and
 1965,  the author sampled a number of sites in Ohio  and  West  Virginia  for
 in mine-drainage streams.  The results, reported in 1966', gave total  numbers
 of fungi found at various habitats, sampling locations, or dates.   This
 article adds  to the information given previously, and tabulates the species
 found  during  the study.   CE552

 M76-37   DEBRIS BASINS FOR CONTROL OF SURFACE MINE  SEDIMENTATION

 L. Robert Kimball, Consulting Engineers, Report to  Kentucky  Department  for
 Natural Resources and Conservation and U.S.  EPA, Industrial  Environmental
 Research Laboratory, Cincinnati, Ohio,  Environmental Protection Technology
 Series EPA-600/2-76-108 (June 1976).  48 pp.  Dicks  Fork and Rhoades  Branch
 watersheds  in  hilly eastern Kentucky were shown to  be acceptable sites for
 demonstration  of the feasibility of debris basins in controlling water
 pollution.  The  sites are in areas  where very little erosion-causing  activity
 has  occurred and where  surface mining is to be initiated.   Adjacent "virgin"
 watersheds  were  also selected for each  study site to provide background  data
 on water  quality where  man's  activities  have been very limited.  Pertinent
 site information Including  flow and water quality data were gathered.
 Cooperation agreements  were signed  by the various mining companies assuring
 access  and  data  availability.  (Adapted  from authors' abstract)  EPA,  CE28

 M76-38    DENT'S  RUN CLEAN-UP  COMPLETED

 Creen Lands 6^  (1),  6-9  (Winter 1976).  The  clean-up  of the watershed by
 Consolidation  Coal  Company, West Virginia Department of  Natural Resources, and
 U.S. EPA  is summarized.   Land reclamation, mine  sealing, and mine  drainage
 treatment were included  in  the methods used  in the  project which  was carried
out over more  than  four  years.   Jour, CE1

M76-39   EVALUATION  OF SURFACE MINE  RECLAMATION  TECHNIQUES:   CAMPBELL'S RUN
         WATERSHED,  PENNSYLVANIA

Dougherty, M.  T. and Holzen,  H.  H., A. C. Ackenheil  & Associates,  Inc., Report-
to U.S. EPA, Industrial  Environmental Research Laboratory,  Cincinnati, Ohio
Environmental Protection Technology  Series EPA-600/2-76-111  (June  1976).
61 pp.   NTIS,  PB-255 298/AS.   Fifty-two acres (21 hectares)  of  abandoned

                                     22

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M76-39   (continued)

surface-mined land were regraded and  revegetated  to  reduce  infiltration to the
spoil zone and to the underlying deep-mine complex.  Water  quality  was
monitored prior to, during, and after surface  reclamation.   The  results of
sampling Campbell's Run over a three year period  indicated  that  the stream's
pH and acidity had improved and that  the acid  load had  decreased 43 percent at
its mouth.  However, this Improvement was attributed more to  the construction
of residential and commercial establishments,  and of U.S. Interstate 79, and
to natural fluctuations in mine pool  levels and runoff  rates  than to the
reclamation projects.  CE71

M76-40   EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL:  SURFACE MINING  IN THE EASTERN U.S.:
         VOLUME 1 PLANNING; VOLUME  2  DESIGN

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Technology  Transfer Seminar
Publication EPA-625/3-76-006  (Oct.  1976).  Volume 1,  102 pp.   Volume 2,
136 pp.+  NTIS, PB-261 343.  Volume  1 includes general  information on the
problem of erosion and sedimentation, description of a  number of control
techniques, guidance in developing  control plans, and a Glossary.  Volume 2
presents design and construction considerations for  a number of  the most
commonly used erosion control structures; discussion of products and materials
used to aid in erosion control; and  a sample  control plan.   Selected state
mining laws and reclamation requirements are  also given.  EPA, CE113, CE118

M76-41   EFFECTS OF MINE  ACID ON THE  LONGEVITY AND REPRODUCTIVE  RATE OF THE
         GASTRORICHA LEPIDODERMELLA  SQUAMMATA (DUJARDIN)

Faucon, A. S. and Hummon, W.  D. (Ohio University, Department of  Zoology and
Microbiology), Hydroblologia  50_ (3),  265-269  (1976).   In  laboratory studies,
waters from a polluted and an unpolluted stream in Athens  County, Ohio were
used directly and mixed for tests at  pH 8.1,  7.1, 6.4,  5.2, 4.6, and 3.3.
Eggs cultured individually at each  pH were observed  at  12 hour intervals for
hatching, daughter egg laying, and  death.  Data representing 50 animals under
each test condition were  used in  the  construction of a  series of life tables
for calculating maximal life  expectancy, net  reproductive  rate per individual
lifetime, and intrinsic rate  of natural increase. Associated with the
decrease in pH was an increase in  total conductivity and  a  decrease in
carbonate alkalinity and  hence in  carbonate  conductivity.   It appears that L.
squammata is capable of living and  reproducing at pH 6.0 to 6.5 under field
conditions low In carbonates, providing non-carbonate  ions  are not abundant,
or under field conditions high in non-carbonate  ions,  providing sufficient
carbonates are present.   (Adapted  from  authors' abstract)   CE342

M76-42    IRON, AND  ITS ROLE IN A  RIVER  POLLUTED BY MINE EFFLUENTS

Gale, W. F., Jacobsen, T. V., and  Smith,  K.  M. (Ichthyological Associates,
Inc.), Proceedings of the Pennsylvania  Academy of Science 50  (2),  182-195
(1976).  This  1973-74 study of an  approximately 74-km stretch of the
Susquehanna River covered areas where the  water  was  only slightly  polluted as
well as areas receiving acid  mine  drainage and areas downstream  from the mine
drainage  sources.  Monitoring of  water  quality showed iron concentration up  to

                                      23

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 M76-42    (continued)

 38.5 mg/1 with a monthly mean  of  3.7  mg/1.   Laboratory studies  confirmed the
 observation  that temperature was  a major  limiting  factor in iron oxidation.
 In the summer, iron was oxidized  to the typical  brownish-orange suspension,
 and through  settling, up to 73 percent of the  iron was removed  within 50 km of
 the mine  effluents.   Studies of deposition  of  iron on the river bottom showed
 that little  iron was  deposited in winter  and during periods of  high flow, more
 iron was  collected on roughened collector plates than on smooth ones, and that
 plates colonized by aquatic biota collected  much more iron than uncoIonized
 plates.   In  assessing the effects of  mine drainage on  the ecosystem of the
 study area,  observations of plant life, benthos, and fish are discussed.
 CE344

 M76-43   HARMFUL IMPACTS OF CURRENT SURFACE  MINE RECLAMATION ON INFERTILE
          TROUT STREAMS AND THEIR FUTURE

 Gasper,  D. C. (West Virginia Department of Natural  Resources),  Northeast  Fish
 and Wildlife Conference, Hershey, Pennsylvania,  April 26-29, 1976.   27 pp.
 The author is concerned with the possibility of  acid  seeps  being  formed when
 precipitation and/or ground water percolate  through acid-forming  material
 buried during reclamation of surface-mined land.   He  reports examples of  the
 problem from published documents, and reviews his  discussions and
 correspondence on the subject with a number  of research  workers experienced tn
 acid mine drainage problems.   CE13

 M76-44   THE TREATMENT OF COAL MINE DRAINAGE WATERS  CONTAINING  DISSOLVED  IRON
          COMPOUNDS

 Glover,  H.  G. and Chamberlain,  E.  A.  C. (National Coal Board, Great  Britain)
 Symposium on Environmental  Problems Resulting from Coal  Mining Activities,
 Katowice,  Poland,  Oct. 18-22,  1976.   17 pp.   Processes used in Great  Britain
 for the  treatment of  coal mine  drainage waters containing dissolved  iron
 compounds  are described.  Waters are  classified chemically as containing
 permanent  or  temporary acidity.  The  former are treated  by hydrated  lime  and
 sedimentation and the  latter by aeration and sedimentation.  It is often  found
 preferable  to mix alkaline  waters  from mine  workings at  intermediate  depths
 with acidic waters  so  that  the  cheaper aeration process  can be  used.   In
 designing  mine  drainage  water  treatment plants, the greatest possible  use is
 made of local facilities  to  obtain the most  effective treatment  at the  least
 cost.  Details  are  given of  the design, construction and operation of  one
 example of each method of treatment.   (Authors' Summary)  CE172

 M76-45   WATER  QUALITY SYSTEMS  IN  COAL MEASURE FORMATIONS IN GREAT BRITAIN

 Glover, H. G. and Chamberlain,  E.  A. C.  (National Coal Board, Great Britain),
 Symposium on  Environmental Problems Resulting from  Coal Mining Activities,
 Katowice, Poland, Oct.  18-22, 1976.  18 pp.   An understanding of the
 distribution  of water  qualities in  the undisturbed  coal measure  strata has
 been found to be a necessary basis for  the prediction of  the qualities of
waters which  will be released during mining  and  subsequently discharged to
surface watercourses.  In Great  Britain, regular  water quality  patterns have

                                     24

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M76-45   (continued)

been identified in the coal measure aquifers  in  most  of  the  coalfields and
consistent ionic ratios apparently defined by geochemical  constraints  have
been observed.  A relationship has been  established  between  the chloride
content of formation waters and  the rank and  chlorine content  of the coals in
adjacent seams*  An appreciation of the  secondary contaminants which are
introduced into the formation waters  during passage  through  the mine workings
permits the complete prediction  of discharged water  qualities.  (Authors'
Summary)  CE174

M76-46   SETTLER'S CABIN  PARK:   MINE  DRAINAGE POLLUTION  ABATEMENT SURVEY
         ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA

Gooding, W. E. and Witt,  R. C.,  Ackenheil & Associates Geo Systems, Inc.,
Report to the Appalachian Regional Commission,  GEO Project 75100, Aug. 16,
1976.  49 pp.+  NTIS,  PB-261  593/8BE.  The  condition of  the  1,500 acre park
was surveyed through field, laboratory,  and engineering  analyses with
recommendations made for  mined-land reclamation and  pollution-abatement-
techniques.  The recommended  plans were  formulated as technical and economic
objectives to enhance  the aesthetic and  recreational potential of the park.
The technical criteria for water quality were to insure  a  habitat capable of
supporting aquatic life.  The  recommended abatement  plan was divided into five
phases and includes strip-mine reclamation, drainage collection, revegetation,
excavation of shallow  underground mines, and  in the  final  phase, a treatment
plant for discharge collected by the  Phase  I  interceptor system.  After being
judged technically feasible,  the plans were economically analyzed.  In
addition, the reclamation plan was to conform with projected land-use
objectives and to minimize adverse impacts  upon the  terrestrial habitat.
CE225

M76-47   UTILIZATION OF ACID  MINE DRAINAGE TREATMENT SLUDGE

Grady, W. C. and Akers, D. J., West Virginia  University, Coal Research Bureau,
Report No. 123, prepared  for  Proceedings of  the Fifth Mineral Waste
Utilization Symposium, Chicago,  Illinois, sponsored by U.S.  Bureau of Mines
and IIT Research Institute, April 13-14, 1976.  pp 114-121.   The report
discusses several uses of the low-solids sludge remaining after  the
neutralization of acid mine  drainage.  Wet sludge applied to strip mine spoil
in greenhouse studies  gave somewhat  successful results in plant  growth and
survival.  Analyses of spray-dried sludge and of rock dust used  for explosion
control in coal mining operations were  compared.  Three of the  four samples of
sludge prepared for these tests  met  the  requirements of the state of West
Virginia for  silica content and  particle size of rock dust material.
Investigations of  the  use of  sludge  in structural materials showed  that under
certain conditions it  can be  used in  briquettes and, in small amounts, can be
added to cements.  In  addition,  techniques for recovering metals and minerals
from the sludge are discussed.   CE250

M76-48   DEMONSTRATION OF COAL MINE  HAUL ROAD SEDIMENT CONTROL  TECHNIQUES

Grier, W. F., Miller,  C.  F.,  and Womack, J.  D., Mayee, Sudderth and Etheredge,

                                      25

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 M76-48    (continued)

 Inc.  and  Environmental  Systems  Corporation,  Report  to U.S.  EPA, Industrial
 Environmental  Research  Laboratory,  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  Environmental Protection
 Technology  Series  EPA-600/2-76-196  (Aug.  1976).   82 pp.   NTIS,  PB-258 304.
 This  report  presents  recommendations  for  the  use  of erosion abatement
 technology  in  the  design, construction, maintenance,  and  bedding  of haul road
 through mountainous terrain.  Factors  such as  the length  of time  the road la *
 to be used,  the  tonnage  to  be hauled  over it,  and the high  traffic volume the
 road muat sustain  should be considered in the  design.  The  site of the
 demonstration  road will  be  at the Pevler  operations of the  Island Creek Coal
 Company in Martin  County, Kentucky.   CE168

 M76-49   A DUAL  FUNCTIONAL  SOLID LIQUID SEPARATION  PROCESS  BASED  ON FILTRATlOM
          AND SETTLING

 Henry, J. D.,  Jr., Lui,  A.  P.,  and Kuo, C. H.  (West Virginia University,
 Department of  Chemical Engineering), AIChE Journal  22_ (3),  433-441 (May 1976)
 The dual functional filter  combines both  the mechanisms of  filtration and
 settling or decantation.  The combined mechanisms of  separation permit very
 high degrees of sludge dewaterlng; for example, slurries  containing 0.2 wt. *
 gelatinous particles have been dewatered to produce a  sludge  of 35 wt. %
 particles.  A mathematical model was developed which  includes both the axial
 or vertical variation of the pressure  driving force and cake  compressibility
 effects.  The model which includes both cake compressibility  and  pressure
 driving  force variation was used to interpret experimental  performance data
 for slurries of neutralized acid mine  drainage sludge.  (From authors'
 abstract and Scope)  Jour,  CE110

 M76-50   PREDICTING THE QUALITY OF MINE WATER DISCHARGES

 Henton,  M.  P. (Forth River Purification Board, Scotland), Effluent  and Water
 Treatment  J.  _16 (11),  568,  572 (Nov. 1976).   The Fife coalfields  of  Scotland
 have  been  worked  for a number  of years and records of quality of water pumped
 from  deep  and surface  mines and  of drainages from old mine  entrances  are
 available.   The author proposes  to  combine these data with  information  on  the
 geology  and  hydrology  of the area to predict the quality of drainages  of new
 mines  planned for the  coalfields.   CE574

 M76-51   PREDICTING THE  ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF MINE DRAINAGE ON STREAM
         BIOLOGY

 derricks,  E.  E. and Shanholtz, V.  0.,  Transactions of the  American Society of
 Agricultural  Engineers \9_ (2), 271-274, 283  (1976).   A hydrologic  model based
 on  the Stanford Watershed Model  was  used  to  generate data  for models of
 sulfate  concentration  and sediment movement  in a stream.   The models were
 validated with  data from  a  two-year  study  of  Indian  Creek, Fayette County
 Pennsylvania.   In  this presentation  the author analyzes the  similarities of
 species of macrobenthic organisms found at the  sampling stations and relates
 these results to  sulfate  loadings as an indicator  of acid  mine drainage and  t
variations in the amounts of flow in the watershed.   CE39                     °
                                      26

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M76-52   MOBILIZATION, TRANSPORTATION AND  SEDIMENTATION OF  WEATHERING PRODUCTS
         FROM ABANDONED BROWN-COAL PITS.   (IRON  POLLUTION OF  THE RIVER SKJERNA
         AND RINGK0BING FJORD, WESTERN  JUTLAND)

Jacobsen, J., Danmarks Geologiake Undersogelse,  Arbog,  pp 57-74, 1975
(Published 1976).  Analyses were made of water  samples  from a number of lakes
formed after coal mining in the area.   The  two  lakes  which  were found to have
the greatest effects on the river system were  studied in detail.  Effects of
drainage from the lakes on the river system were traced by  analyses at a
number of sampling stations.  Amounts of dissolved  solids decreased downstream
either from being precipitated out or because  of dilution.   Data collected are
considered to be insufficient to show whether  suspended iron  is carried into
the Skjerna and the Rlngk^ing Fjord.  CE571

M76-53   POTENTIAL IMPACT OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF  LIGNITE RESERVES ON WATER
         RESOURCES OF EAST TEXAS

James, W. P., Slowey, J. F., Garrett, R. L., Ortiz,  C., Bright, J., and King,
T., Texas A&M University, Water Resources  Institute,  Research Project
Completion Report, Project No. B-199-TEX,  July 1, 1976-August 31, 1976,
Technical Report No. 78 (Aug. 1976).  179  pp.   NTIS,  PB-263 492.  Over a
period of one year, sampling was carried out monthly on streams, lakes, and
wells near the surface-mined areas at Fairfield  and  Rockdale and at control
stations away from the lignite development area.  Studies  at the power plant
at FairfieZd included collection of  samples of precipitation under the plume
and a limited survey of trace element enrichment of  surrounding soils.
Studies were also carried out on leachates from several lignites and their
overburdens.  CE577

M76-54   PURIFICATION OF WATERS FROM STRIP LIGNITE MINES

Janiak, H., Central Research and Design Institute for Opencast Mining,
POLTEGOR, Poland, 2nd Interim Report to U.S. EPA, Special  Foreign Currency
Program Project 05-534-3, July  1976.   177  pp.   The  main pollution problem in
waters from Polish strip pits is suspended solids.   Water from three open-pit
lignite mines was used in laboratory studies  on several methods of removal of
suspended particles.  Gamma  radiation was  somewhat  effective in settling
particles in water with considerable chemical  oxygen demand.  A number of
flocculants were evaluated for  settling suspended solids from the mine waters.
The most effective was identified  as Calgon M-502.   Several polyelectrolytes
were added directly to sand  filter  beds.   Thia method was not sucessful in
removing a very stable colloidal  suspension from one mine water, but clarified
other mine waters, particularly with  the  use  of Calgon M-502.  Field  tests of
sediment basins also showed  that  Calgon M-502  increased the settling rate of
suspended solids and decreased  the  turbidity  of mine water.  CE65

M76-55   PURIFICATION OF WATERS  FROM STRIP MINES

Janiak, H.  (POLTEGOR, Poland),  Green Lands 6_ (2), 42,  44 (Spring  1976).   This
paper is based on  research conducted in Poland and concerns the issues
connected with  the quality of  runoff waters from lignite strip mines and  the


                                      27

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 M76-55    (continued)

 technology employed  in  their  purification.   The general  classes of stream
 quality are discussed.   Suspended  solids  are  the principal  pollutant  but the
 permitted suspended matter  level  of  20-50 mg/1 does  not  apply to periods of
 sudden water  surges.  Hydrocyclones  have  been used but not  widely due to poor
 reduction of  suspended  solids.  Sedimentation ponds  are  in  wide use  and recent
 studies indicate  that a  six-  to twelve-hour  retention  time  is sufficient to
 meet the demanded level  of  purification.  Jour, CE64

 M76-56   EFFECTIVENESS  OF SURFACE MINE  SEDIMENTATION PONDS

 Kathuria, D.  V.,  Nawrocki,  M. A,, and Becker,  B.  C.  (Hittman  Associates,
 Inc.), Report to U.S. EPA,  Industrial Environmental  Research  Laboratory,
 Cincinnati, Ohio, Environmental Protection Technology  Series  EPA-600/2-76-117
 (Aug. 1976).  109 pp.  NT1S,  PB-258  917.  Nine  sedimentation  ponds located ln
 Kentucky, Pennsylvania,  and West Virginia were  sampled during rainfall  and
 baseline conditions.  The theoretical and actual  efficiencies of  removal of
 suspended solids were computed and compared.   The theoretical efficiency was
 essentially the same as  the actual efficiency  under  baseline  conditions.
 During rainfall, predicted  efficiency was higher  than actual  efficiency in
 most cases.    Generally,  the ponds did not exhibit good trap efficiency.   Also
 contributing  to the inferior  performance were  generally  improper  utilization
 and tnismaintenance of the ponds.  Of the various  ponds observed,  the  off
 channel or dugout-type was  found to  remove more  solids and  require less
 maintenance  than ponds built in the main stream channel.  Recommendations  were
 made for improvement of the different design and maintenance  methods.
 (Adapted from authors' abstract)  EPA, CE111

 M76-57    SELECTED HYDROLOGIC DATA, CLARION RIVER AND REDBANK  CREEK BASINS,
          NORTHWESTERN PENNSYLVANIA—AN INTERIM  REPORT

 Koester,  H.  E. and Lescinsky,  J.,  U.S. Geological Survey, Open-File Report
 76-445,  Prepared in cooperation with the Pennsylvania Department of
 Environmental  Resources (July 1976).   164 pp.+  This report summarizes
 discharge  data from 140 stream collection sites, contains tables of about 800
 chemical  analyses  from 164 stream sites, and 107 analyses from 91 abandoned
 flowing  oil  and  gas  wells including concentrations of major ions and trace
 metals.  Tabulated results of  collections of microvertebrates at 136 stream
 sites and  seven  flow duration  curves  are presented.   (From authors' abstract)
 CE148

 M76-58   PRESERVING  THE  CROOKED  CREEK WATERSHED:  THE ERNEST MINE ACID MINE
         DRAINAGE  FACILITY

 Kohlbeck, R. A.  (L.  Robert Kimball,  Consulting Engineers), Water Pollution
 Control Association  of Pennsylvania Magazine  9_ (5),  4-8 (Sept.-Oct. 1976).
When the mine  sealing  performed  under the  Operation  Scarlift program  at the
abandoned Ernest Mine near Creekslde  in  Indiana County,  Pennsylvania,  did not
achieve acid mine  drainage abatement,  the  Pennsylvania  Department of
Environmental  Resources  contracted  for the construction of a lime
neutralization plant to  improve  the water  quality.  The plant  is planned to

                                      28

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M76-58   (continued)

treat 4.5 MGD (18,000 m3/day) of raw mine water.  The  process  includes  mixing
the pumped mine water with lime slurry, aeration, settling,  and  discharge  of
clarified effluent to McKee Run, a tributary of  Crooked  Creek.   Sludge  from
the neutralization will be discarded in a remote  section of  the  mine  to
prevent recirculation.  CE123

M76-59   HYDROCHEMISTRY OF THE DRAINED SKJERNA DELTA.   (IRON POLLUTION  OF  THE
         RIVER SKJERNA AND RINGK0BING FJORD, WESTERN JUTLAND)

Kristiansen, H., Danmarks Geologiske Undersogelse,  Arbog,  pp 45-55,  1975
(Published  1976).  A study of the drainage  pumped at five  stations  from low-
lying areas in the Skjerna delta shows that water quality  differs  from  station
to station.  There is also a seasonal cycle with  flush-out by autumn and
winter rains of oxidation products accumulated in dry  weather.   Water carrying
most iron and other pollutants comes from areas  where  borings show
"occurrences of peaty deposits with a variable content of  reduced  sulphur
components  in the upper layers."  CE572

M76-60   EFFECTS OF LOW CONCENTRATIONS OF MANGANOUS SULFATE  ON EGGS  AND FRY OF
         RAINBOW TROUT

Lewis, M. (Arizona State University, Department  of  Zoology), The Progressive
Fish-Culturist 38_ (2), 63-65 (April 1976).  Laboratory tests were  performed on
incubating  eggs and two growth stages of  fry in  four 43 liter tanks  containing
varying concentrations (0,  1.0, 5.0, and  10.0 mg/1) of manganous sulfate
solutions and stock water from an unidentified Pennsylvania  stream.   An
increase In egg mortality corresponded with an increase in the metal
concentration.  Mortality was most significant during  the  eye development
state and at hatching time.  There was no  progressive  increase in  fry
mortality at any concentration.   In avoidance studies, the fish did  not
significantly shun the flow of manganous  sulfate solutions up to a
concentration of  10 mg/1.  CE336

M76-61   SURFACE MINING  INFLUENCE ON GROUND WATER ENVIRONMENT

Liblcki, J. (POLTEGOR, Poland), Green Lands 6_ (2),  39-41 (Spring 1976).
Addressed are ground  water  problems  in Poland  where the majority of surface
mining is situated below  the stable ground- water table.  Problems discussed
are  the use of pits once  the coal has  been removed and the  influence of the
ground-water table drawn  down, by surface mining, on  the surrounding terrains.
Jour, CE63

M76-62   FEASIBILITY  OF  ELK CREEK ACID MINE DRAINAGE  ABATEMENT PROJECT

Loy, L. D., Jr. and Gunnett, J. W.,  Skelly and  Loy, Engineers and Consultants
and  West Virginia Department of Natural  Resources,  Report  to U.S.  EPA,
Industrial  Environmental  Research Laboratory,  Cincinnati,  Ohio, Environmental
Protection  Technology  Series EPA-600/2-76-128  (Sept.  1976).  84 pp.   NTIS,
PB-259 329/1BE.   The  purpose of this  study was  to determine the technical  and
economic feasibility  of  alkaline  regrading, slurry trench construction, and

                                      29

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 M76-62   (continued)

 mine roof collapse as acid mine drainage abatement techniques*  In each
 technique alkaline spoils or roof materials arc manipulated so that  they come
 in contact with mine water and act as a neutralizing agent.  Project efforts
 included:  field investigations; soil analysis; water quality and quantity
 monitoring; bid package preparation and supervision of exploratory backhoe
 excavation; detailed mapping; and preparation of predesign engineering plans
 and cost estimates.  (Adapted from authors' abstract)  227

 M76-63   OPERATION SCARLIFT - HINE DRAINAGE ABATEMENT

 McConnell, C.  H.,  Fowler, D. E., and Friedrich, A. E. (Pennsylvania Department
 of Environmental Resources), American Society of Civil Engineers,  Annual
 Convention and Exposition, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Sept. 27 - Oct. 1,
 1976.   Preprint 2770.  29 pp.  Described are the history of mining and mining
 laws in Pennsylvania, the formation of acid mine drainage, and methods of
 abatement being used in Operation Scarlift.  To date, 2,60   cres  of strip-
 mined  land have been restored, ten treatment facilities have been constructed,
 32 deep mine complexes have been sealed, and 37 refuse banks have  been
 reclaimed.  This has resulted in the cleanup of 48 stream miles and a
 significant reduction in the pollution of an additional 140 miles.  Additional
 detail is given on projects at the Shaw mine complex to reduce drainage into
 the Casselman  River, Moraine State Park, and Mahantango Creek.  CE753

 M76-64   THE RAPID ANALYSIS OF ACID MINE DRAINAGE

 McMillan,  B. G., Akers,  D. J.,  and Colabrese,  J. F.,  West Virginia University,
 Coal Research  Bureau, Report No.  118 (Feb.  1976).  35 pp.  Also published in
 Mining Congress Journal £3^ (5)» 28-33 (1977).   Rapid, accurate analyses of
 acid mine drainage (AMD) at the site of the treatment plant would  allow the
 operator to adapt  the amount of neutralizer used to changing conditions.   This
 study  compares the results of analysis for  Al, Ca, Cu, Mg, Mn, Fe, Ni, and SO,
 in AMD using a portable  field colorimeter,  a laboratory spectrophotometer, ana
 an atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AA).  The authors discuss  testing for
 each of  the species  with emphasis  on interferences in the various  analyses.
 The portable field colorimeter gave acceptable results for Fe, Mn, Ni, SO,,
 and Cu when Fe was  present in low  amounts.   Comparison of titration for Ca and
 Mg to  analysis by  AA showed so  much greater accuracy by AA that it was
 concluded  that  a fast,  simple,  and accurate procedure was unlikely to be
 developed  for  these  two  ions.  Jour,  CE241

M76-65    CHRONIC EFFECTS OF  REDUCED pH ON BROOK TROUT (SALVELINTJS  FONTINALIS)

Menendez,  R. (West Virginia  Department of Natural Resources,  Division of
Wildlife Resources),  J.  Fisheries  Research  Board of Canada 33_ (1),  118-123
 (1976).  Natural conditions  of  a West  Virginia stream were simulated to
 analyze  the effects  of continued exposure to low pH levels on all  growth
stages of  the  brook  trout  without  the  interference  of associated factors  in
 the natural environment  such  as the presence of  heavy metals  or limited food
supplies.   The  11 month  study was  carried out  at pH levels of 4.5,  5.0, 5.5,
 6.0, 6.5, and  the control  level, 7.1.   The  number of  viable eggs was  reduced

                                     30

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M76-65   (continued)

significantly at pH 5.0 and to a lesser extent at the higher pH levels.
Embryo hatchabillty was significantly less at all pH levels below  6.5.  Growth
and survival of alevine was reduced at the lower pH levels.  These  data
indicate that continual exposure to pH values below 6.5 will result  in
significant reductions in egg hatchability and growth.  (Adapted from author's
abstract)  CE186

M76-66   THE EFFECT OF COAL SURFACE MINING ON THE WATER QUALITY OF  MOUNTAIN
         DRAINAGE BASIN STREAMS

Minear, R. A. and Tschantz, B, A. (University of Tennessee), J. Water
Pollution Control Federation^  (11), 2549-2569  (Nov. 1976).   The  results  of
first-year observations on six watersheds in the New River  Basin of Tennessee
are presented and contrasted with case studies of a similar nature  conducted
in other Appalachian locations.  Three of the watersheds  in this study  were
undisturbed by mining activity.  These initial observations indicate that  the
pH, alkalinity, calcium, magnesium, chloride, and Solids  found in  samples
taken from the disturbed watersheds are higher than in samples taken from  the
undisturbed watersheds.  Streamflow was continuous in the disturbed watersheds
but was interrupted during the dry summer months in the undisturbed
watersheds.  Jour, CE650

M76-67   TIOCA RIVER MINE DRAINAGE ABATEMENT PROJECT

Mlorin, A, F., Klingensmith, R.  S., and Heizer,  R. E., Gannett Fleming  Corddry
and Carpenter, Inc., Report to U.S.  EPA, Industrial Environmental Research
Laboratory, Cincinnati, Ohio, Environmental Protection Technology  Series
EPA-600/2-76-106  (June  1976).  71 pp.  NTIS, PB-254 418.  Because  Morris  Run,
Coal and Bear Creeks,  tributaries of the  Tioga  River,  receive  drainage  from
abandoned mines, water  in these  three streams generally  has a  pH of about  3.0
with a net acidity  ranging from  200 to 1,000 milligrams  per litre.  The
proposed project is recommended  to demonstrate  effective  techniques for mine
drainage abatement, to  reduce a  specific  mine drainage problem,  and to  restore
portions of a mined area to their approximate original surface grade.
Techniques to be demonstrated include:  restoration of  strip  pits  utilizing
agricultural limestone  and sewage sludge  as soil conditioners; burial of  acid-
forming materials within strip mines that are to be restored;  and
reconstruction and  lining of a stream channel.   This  project  will  result  in
estimated  reductions of 8,480 pounds of acid,  550 pounds of iron,  and 1.23
million gallons of  flow per day  under average groundwater conditions at four
mine discharges comprising the bulk of  the  pollutlonal  loadings  in  the study
area.  (Adapted from authors' abstract)   EPA, CE40

M76-68    SURVIVAL OF MAYFLY  LARVAE  UNDER  MINE  ACID CONDITIONS

Napier,  S.,  Jr. and Hummon, W. D.  (Ohio  University,  Department of   Zoology and
Microbiology),  Int. Revue  ges.  Hydrobiol. 6± (5),  677-682 (1976).    Mayfly
larvae were  abundant and diverse in  riffle  zones of  three control  streams in
southeastern Ohio.  None were  found  In  such zones of  Sandy Run,  which


                                      31

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 M76-68   (continued)

 currently receives mine drainage, and of Long  Hollow  and Minkers  Run,  which
 both receive drainage from reclaimed and revegetated  mined  land.   Laboratory
 studies showed stepwise Increases in nonpredatory mortality of  mayfly  larvae
 with increased acidity.  Dragonfly larvae pzedation on mayfly larvae was
 constant at pH 8.1-4.1, but decreased at pH  3.1 despite tolerance of dragonfly
 larvae to low pH conditions.  (Adapted from  authors'  abstract)  CE554

 M76-69   TREATMENT OF ACID MINE DRAINAGE BY  THE ALUMINA-LIME-SODA PROCESS

 Nebgen, J. W., Weatherman, D. F., Valentine, M., and  Shea,  E. P., Midwest
 Research Institute, Report to U.S. EPA,  Industrial Environmental  Research
 Laboratory, Cincinnati, Ohio, Environmental  Protection Technology Series
 EPA-6QO/2-76-206 (Sept. 1976).  105 pp.  NTIS, PB-259 930/AS.   This chemical
 desalination process for waters In which the principal sources  of salinity
 sulfate salts has been field tested at the Commonwealth of  Pennsylvania's
 Mine Drainage Research Facility, Hollywood,  Pennsylvania, as a method  to
 recover potable water from acid mine drainage.  The process  involves two
 treatment stages.  Raw water is reacted with sodium aluminate and lime  in the
 first stage to precipitate dissolved sulfate as calcium sulfoaluminate.   in
 the second stage, the alkaline water (pH - 12.0) recovered  from the first
 stage is carbonated to precipitate excess hardness.   Following  carbonation,
 product water meets USPHS specifications for drinking water.  Process
 economics are influenced most by the cost of sodium aluminate•  Operating
 costs for recovering potable water from acid mine drainage having  an acidity
 of 700 mg/litre and a sulfate level of 750 mg/litre have been estimated.   The
 design and costs  of constructing a demonstration plant are presented, and
 operating and maintenance  costs are estimated for mine drainage having an
 acidity of 700 mg/litre and a sulfate level of 750 mg/litre.  (Adapted from
 authors'  abstract)   EPA,  CE155

 M76-70   NORTH BRANCH POTOMAC RIVER BASIN MINE DRAINAGE STUDY

 Skelly and  Loy, Consultants and  Engineers,  Phase  I Task 1 Report  to U.S.  Army
 Corps  of  Engineers,  Baltimore District,  Feb.  1976.   181 pp.+  A report on the
 execution of  Tasks  One  and  Two of  the project to  formulate mine drainage
 abatement  plans for  the  restoration of  the  study  area's  water quality is
 presented.  Existing  physical,  socio-economic and environmental character-
 istics  of  the  Basin  are  developed  through literature  and  baseline  dat  reviews.
 The  scope  of  the  mine drainage  problem  and  data conflicts  are identified,
 compiled  and  uaed in  updating  the  data  base.   An  estimate  is made  of  the
 relative  contribution of active  and  inactive  mines  to  the  mine  drainage
 pollution of  the  basin.  In addition, surface mined lands  are classified Into
 reclamation categories according to  the extent  of  regrading, degree of
 revegetation and  angle of slope  to be attained  after mining. An annotated
 bibliography arranged according  to  subject  area is  included.  CE120

M76-71   FEASIBILITY  OF MINE  POLLUTION ABATEMENT PROCEDURES  AT  GREENE-
         SULLIVAN STATE FOREST

Oberlies, J. W., Jr. and Polcyn, A. J., M W Inc., Architects-Engineers  and

                                     32

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M76-71   (continued)

Ryckman/Edgerley/Tomlinson & Associates,  Inc.,  Report  to  Indiana  Department of
Natural Resources and U.S. EPA, Industrial Environmental  Research Laboratory,
Cincinnati, Ohio, Grant No. S-8Q2593, June 1976.   85 pp.   This  report  presents
a detailed evaluation of the feasibility  of a demonstration  project  to  abate
acid mine drainage pollution in and around Reservoir 29 in Greene-Sullivan
State Forest, southwestern Indiana.  The  first  step proposed would be  to
spread and cover the acid producing wastes with a  0.9  meter  (3  foot) cover of
soil from a nearby borrow area.  This would be  followed by revegetation to
prevent future erosion.  The concluding step would be  to  neutralize  the
impoundments by the in-place addition of  a lime slurry to bring the  pH of the
lakes from about 3.7 to 7.0.   The  estimated cost for this project is
$1,412,000.  Coal drilling, boring, water quality, and precipitation records
for the area are included.  (From  authors' abstract)   EPA, CE683

M76-72   ACID MINE DRAINAGE TREATMENT WITH THE  ROTATING BIOLOGICAL CONTACTOR

Olem, H. and Unz, R. F., The Pennsylvania State University,  Institute  for
Research on Land and Water Resources, Research  Publication 93 (Sept. 1976).
70 pp.  Two pilot units were operated intermittently at the  Experimental Mine
Drainage Treatment Facility, Hollywood, Pennsylvania,  from May  1974  to
September 1975.  The first unit evaluated the oxidation of ferrous iron under
varied disc rotation rates and hydraulic  loadings, wheras the rotation rate of
the second was kept constant for the study of solids formations and
microbiology of the process.   Under both  conditions  the half-immersed  rotating
discs increased aeration of the wastewater and  provided surfaces  for the
growth of iron oxidizing bacteria  without the prior  innoculation  of  bacteria
or nutritional supplements.  The rotating biological contactor  (RBC) prepared
a mine drainage containing up  to 313 mg/1 of ferrous iron for limestone
neutralization and subsequent  solids precipitation.  The  RBC system has been
shown to be dependable, efficient  and economically comparable to purely
chemical methods of iron oxidation.  (Adapted  from authors'  abstract)   CE284

M76-73   PRELIMINARY RESULTS FROM  A  STUDY OF COAL  MINING  EFFECTS ON WATER
         QUALITY OF THE TONGUE RIVER, WYOMING

Olsen, R. D. and Dettmann, E.  H. (Argonne National Laboratory,  Division of
Environmental Impact Studies,) Fifty-Second  Annual Meeting,  Southwestern and
Rocky Mountain Division, American  Association  for  the  Advancement of Science,
Tucson, Arizona, April 28-May  1, 1976.   10 pp.   Results  of detailed physical
and chemical analyses of mine  discharge and  ambient  water quality of receiving
streams suggest that water quality impacts  of  present  mining acitivlties in
the area examined are small when compared to other apparent  land use impacts
observed upstream of the mine  operated  for  20 years  by Big Horn Coal Company.
A modified dilution equation for predicting  the effect of increased drainage
from expansion of mining  in  the area  is  presented.  (Adapted from authors'
abstract and text)  CE309
                                      33

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 M76-74   OPERATING IDEAS:  TIP TO WESTERN COAL MINERS—YOU CAN DBINX AND  BATHE
          IN OSMOSIS-TREATED WASTE WATER

 Coal Age JU (8), 128 (August 1976).  This short news article references the
 use of reverse osmosis at the Emery Mine, Utah, for treating 13,000 gpd of
 taine water containing dissolved solids, bacteria, and organic compounds for
 use as drinking water and showering.  Jour, CE667

 M76-75   PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF SUBLETHAL LEVELS OF ACID WATER ON FISH

 Pegg, W. J.  and Jenkins, C.  R., West Virginia University, Water Research
 Institute, Center for Extension and Continuing Education, Bulletin 6,
 WRI-WVU-76-01, West Virginia University Bulletin, Series 76, No. 11-27 (May
 1976).  47 pp.  The present  study indicates that tolerance for high acidity
 and low pH was greater for brown bullhead than for either bluegill or
 pumpkinseed  sunfish.   The oxygen consumption rate data substantiates
 information obtained  previously in toxicity bioassay tests on the acid
 tolerance of these fish.  In water of pH 3.0 - 4.0 ventilation rates were
 highly variable and frequently increased to three times the standard resting
 rate.  As an indication of physiological stress, the changes in oxygen-
 consumption  rate in acid waters compared to standard tap water were
 significant  for each  fish species.  (Adapted from authors' abstract)  CE66

 M76-76   TOXICITY OF  MIKE DRAINAGE TO EMBRYONIC AND LARVAL BOREAL TOADS
          (BUFONIDAE:   BUFO BOREAS)

 Porter,  K.  R.  and Hakanson,  D.  E., Copeia, No. 2, 327-331, 1976.  Chemical
 analyses and bioassays of drainage from the inactive Argo mine in Clear Creek
 County,  Colorado, were made  to determine if it could be a factor in the
 absence of  amphibians in the area.  The concentration of iron, copper, and
 zinc in the  drainage, and its pH,  were all individually much greater than the
 tolerance levels of premetamorphic toads.  The drainage had to be diluted
 approximately one thousand times before larvae could survive in it.  (Adapted
 from authors'  abstract)   CE561

 M76-77   POTENTIAL OF COAL STRIP-MINE SPOILS AS AQUIFERS IN THE POWDER RIVER
          BASIN

 Rahn,  P.  H.,  South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Engineering and
Mining Experiment  Station, Project Completion Report to Old West Regional
 Commission,  Billings, Montana,  Old West Project No.  10470025,  June 30, 1976.
 108 pp.   Plus  Appendixes I through VI.   Six coal strip mines were studied
 using  field  infiltration and laboratory permeability apparatus to determine
hydrologic characteristics.   Data  from 44 sites indicate that  the permeability
 is  primarily  related  to  density, which in turn is due to method of emplacement
 and  composition.   Spoils emplaced  by dragline show higher laboratory
permeability  than  those  emplaced by scraper or truck.  Areas with large
amounts  of alluvium or sandstone in the overburden show significantly larger
values of laboratory  permeability  than those where overburden  consists chiefly
of  siltstone or  shale.   Chemical analyses of 32 water samples  show a
                                      34

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M76-77   (continued)

significant difference of the quality of ground water  in  spoils  compared  to
natural ground water from wells in the Tongue River Formation.   Water  in
spoils contains greater sulfate, calcium, magnesium, and  total dissolved
solids.  However, the mineral content of natural ground water  is also
sufficiently high to limit  its usefulness.   (From author's  abstract)   CE218

M76-78   CORROSIVITY OF UNDERGROUND MINE ATMOSPHERES AND  MINE  WATERS:   A
         REVIEW AND PRELIMINARY STUDY

Rawat, N. S. (Indian School of Mines, Department of Chemistry, Fuel  and
Metallurgy), British Corrosion Journal 1±  (2),  86-91  (1976).   The causes  of
Che corrosivity of mine atmospheres and mine waters are described in detail-
The principal factors promoting atmospheric  corrosion  in  underground coal
mines are high relative humidity (more than  902), high temperature
(approximately 30 C) and airborne dusts.   The characteristics  of mine  waters
are presented and discussed.  The causes of  the acidity of  mine  waters have
been  explained in terms of  the decomposition and  oxidation  of  pyrites, the
presence of thiobacillus thio-oxydans and  thiobacillus ferro-oxydans,  etc.,
and the  presence of peaty acids.  The acidity of  mine  water contributes both
directly and indirectly to  the corrosivity.  About  twenty mine water samples
from  Jharla coal mines were selected for preliminary  studies.   The samples
were  found to be slightly acidic or neutral  and only mildly corrosive.  Som«
mine  tracers corroded to the same extent whether they  had  a  negative or
positive value of the saturation index.  This has been attributed to the
presence of aggressive Ions,  i.e., chloride  and sulphate, in the mine water-
This  is  further confirmed by  the finding that the rate of corrosion In mine
water containing chloride ion is of the same order  as  that  in  Nad solution of
the same concentration.  Similar studies are now  in progress on  mine
atmospheres and mine waters which are highly corrosive.  (Author's abstract)
CE408

M76-79   FEASIBILITY STUDY:  DEER PARK  DAYLIGHTING  PROJECT

Richardson, A. R. and  Dougherty, M. T.,  Ackenheil & Associates,   Inc., Report
to U.S.  EPA,  Industrial Environmental Research  Laboratory,  Cincinnati, Ohio,
Environmental Protection Technology Series EPA-600/2-76-110 (June 1976).  86
pp.   NT1S, PB-257  135.  Daylighting of  abandoned  deep coal mines  to abate mine
drainage employs common surface mining  and backfilling techniques.  Data on
the present water quality  of Lost Run,  Garrett  County, Maryland  were  obtained
and used for  the evaluation of  using  daylightlng  as a method to  improve water
quality.   Other  criteria were thickness,  quality  and amount of  coal in-place.
A mining and  reclamation plan developed  for the dayllghting was  based on the
acidity  of overburden  material,  the  estimated  coal  in-place, and  erosion
control  methods  to  reduce  siltatlon.   The  feasibility study results  indicate
this  demonstration  project would be  technically and economically feasible and
that  reclamation would effectively  produce  usable land and improve water
quality.   The major obstacle in implementing the  project is acquiring  rights,
easements  and methods  of  awarding  contracts.  (Adapted from authors'  abstract)
EPA,  CEZ7


                                      35

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 M76-80   DISPOSAL OF COAL-FIRED UTILITY WASTES

 Roffman, H. (Westinghouse Environmental Systems Department),  Industrial Wastes
 22 (5), 36-37 (Sept./Oct. 1976).  The potential for water pollution  from  coal
 storage pile and coal refuse pile leachate and from wet and dry disposal  of
 bottom and fly ash and of scrubber removal materials is discussed.   CE358

 M76-81   MODELING OF ACID MINE DRAINAGE AND OTHER POLLUTANTS  IN THE
          MONONGAHELA RIVER BASIN UNDER LOW FLOW CONDITIONS

 Sack,  W. A., Jenkins, C.  R., Chambers, B. R., and Lange, R. W., II,  West
 Virginia University, Department of Civil Engineering, Prepared for West
 Virginia Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Resources, June
 1976.   159 pp.   The QUAL 2 model was used to estimate conservative and non-
 conservative pollutant concentration in the Monongahela River Basin  under low
 flow conditions.  The work was restricted to the West Virginia portion of the
 basin  which has  four major sub-basins:  Tygart, West Fort, Cheat, and
 Monongahela.  Net acidity, total dissolved solids, dissolved oxygen  and
 ultimate oxygen  demand were  the parameters modeled.   Point sources included
 over 100 municipalities and  almost 2,000 active and abandoned deep mine-
 related discharges.   (From authors'  Introduction and Summary)  CE317

 M76-82   RESOURCES ALLOCATION TO OPTIMIZE MINING POLLUTION CONTROL

 Shumate, K.  S.,  Smith,  E.  E.,  Ricca,  V.  T.,  and Clark,  G.  M. (The Ohio State
 University,  Research Foundation),  Report to U.S.  EPA,  Industrial Environmental
 Research Laboratory,  Cincinnati,  Ohio, Environmental Protection Technology
 Series EPA-600/2-76-112 (Nov.  1976).   493 pp.  NTIS, PB-264 185.   A
 comprehensive model  for mine  drainage simulation and optimization of resource
 allocation to control mine acid pollution in a watershed has been developed.
 The  model  is capable of:   (a)  producing  a time trace of acid load and flow
 from acid  drainage sources as  a function of climatic conditions; (b)
 generating  continuous receiving stream flow data  from precipitation data; (c)
 predicting  acid  load and  flow from mine  drainage  sources using precipitation
 patterns and watershed  status  typical of "worst  case"  conditions  that might be
 expected,  e.g.,  once  every 10  or  100  years;  and  (d)  predicting optimum
 resource allocation  using  alternative methods of  treatment  and/or abatement
 for  "worst  case"  conditions during both  wet  and dry  portions of the hydrologic
 year.   Because of  the detail incorporated  in the model  as  now constituted, a
 large  amount of  field data is  required as  input.   In most  cases,  the desired
 field  data are not now  available.  The model  has not been  fully tested or
compared to  real  systems,  nor  has  sensitivity to input  data  been determined.
Therefore reliability of  the model, and  the  necessity of detailed  field data,
have not been established.  Comparisons  with  real  systems  are  necessary to
determine the level of  simplification that can be  permitted  before the
validity or  usefulness  of  the model is impaired.   (From authors'  abstract)
EPA, CE209
                                     36

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M76-83   EARLY DEVELOPMENTAL EFFECTS  OF  HUE-NEUTRALIZED IRON HYDROXIDE
         SUSPENSIONS ON BROOK TROUT AND  COHO  SALMON

Smith, E. J. (1) and Syltora, J. L. (2)  [(1) Corps  of  Engineers,  U.S.
Department of the Army, Pittsburgh District and  (2) University of  Pittsburgh,
Graduate School of Public Health], Transactions  of the  American  Fisheries
Society  105  (2), 308-312 (1976).  The study was  conducted with a modified
proportional diluter.  Effects  were interpreted  from  data on hatchability,
survival, and growth in five test concentrations and  in a control.  Growth of
90-day-old coho salmon alevins  was reduced  in water  containing 1.27 mg
Fe/liter of  lime-neutralized suspended  Iron,  whereas  hatchability  was
unaffected in the highest concentration  tested,  10.5  mg Fe/liter.   However,
the  10.5 mg  Fe/liter suspension had no measurable  effect on hatchabiLity,
survival, and growth of brook  trout alevins.   (From  authors' abstract)  CE575

M76-B4   REMOVAL OF UNDESIRABLE CATIONS  FROM  ACID MINE  WATER BY  A NEW
         CATION-EXCHANGE MATERIAL

Strohl,  J. H. and Hern, J.  L.,  West Virginia  University, Water Research1
Institute,  Information Report  9,  WRI-WVU-76-04,  West  Virginia University
Bulletin, Series 77, No. 2-2  (Aug. 1976).   14 pp.   NTIS, PB-257  092.  This
study is directed toward the  development of materials and methods useful for
removing metal-ion pollutants  from water.   Several modified graphites were
prepared that had Ion-exchange  or chelating properties  capable of removing
Fe ", NI  ,  Co  , Mg   , and Ca    from water.   The absorption capacities of
these modified graphites are  too  low  fgr economical  use in water treatment.
They are useful for analytical  separations, however.   Attempts at  producing
materials with higher  absorption  capacities were unsuccessful.  Adjustment of
pH and removal of some metal  ions ae  the hydroxides  by  the electrogeneration.
of base  appears to be  a  practical process for large-scale water treatment.
(Authors' abstract)   CE171

M76-85   SURFACE MINE  POND  TO PROVIDE WATER FOR PUBLIC SYSTEM

Green Lands  £ (4), 2-3,  5  (Winter 1976).  Briefly described  is a twelve acre
surface-mine pit pond  that  will be used as a  public water supply  for Mt.
Storm, Bayard, and Gormania,  West Virginia, as well as Gorman, Maryland.
Jour, CE134

M76-86    IMPACT  OF  COAL STRIPMINING  ON WATER QUALITY AND HYDROLOGY  IN  EAST
         TENNESSEE

Tschantz,  8- A. and  Minear, R.  A.,  University of  Tennessee,  Water Resources
Research Center, Research  Report  No.  47 (March  5, 1976).  46 pp,  NTIS,
PB-251  391/9S1.   Six small  watersheds within the  New River  basin  of  the
Northern Tennessee  Cumberland Mountains have been monitored for water  quality
weekly  and  simultaneously  between January and September,  1975.  Three
watersheds  were  undisturbed by mining activity  and served to establish
bench-mark  data.   The other three watersheds represented varying  stages  of
coal mining activity,  ranging  from initiation of  surface mining in  one
                                      37

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M76-86   (continued)

watershed to essentially complete stripping three years previously and current
deep mining activity in another*  Distinct differences are observed for the
variables pH, alkalinity, sulfate, calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese, total
solids and suspended solids among the disturbed watersheds.  In the
undisturbed watersheds, stream constituent concentrations were quite uniform
from stream to stream and from sample to sample.  Preliminary data on the
heavy metals, Cd,  Cr, Co, Cu, Pb, Ni, and Zn, indicate increased metal levels
in the disturbed streams, principally in particulate form*  At least in the
short term, the mining activity increased the buffering capacity and the pH of
the drainage waters.  During the late summer, there was continued streamflow
in the disturbed watersheds while the undisturbed watersheds ceased flow.
(From authors'  abstract and conclusions)  CE14


M76-87   AVOIDANCE OF LIME-NEUTRALIZED IRON HYDROXIDE SOLUTIONS BY COHO SALMON
          IN THE LABORATORY

Updegraff, K.  F. and Sykora, J.  L.  (University of Pittsburgh), Environmental
Science & Technology^ (1), 51-54 (Jan. 1976).   Salmon raised in control
(unmodified) water and in several different concentrations of iron suspensions
showed similar avoidance responses to lime-neutralized iron hydroxide
suspension at concentrations of 4.25-6.45 mg Fe/1.  Jour, CE107

M76-88   RECENT IRON-RICH SEDIMENTS IN THE SKJERNA RIVER SYSTEM AND IN
          RINGK0BING FJORD.   (IRON POLLUTION OF THE RIVER SKJERNA AND
          RINGK0BING FJORD,  WESTERN JUTLAND)

Vlllumsen,  A.,  Damnarks Geologiske Undersogelse, Arbog, pp 31-43,  1975
(Published 1976).   An increased  amount of iron in recent sedimentary deposits
is  attributed  to activity such as open-pit mining of brown coal, drainage of
meadows,  and  straightening  of rivers.   The geology and geochemistry of the
area  are  described and results of chemical analyses of sediments are
discussed.  CE570

M76-89   THE  EFFECTS OF ACID MINE DRAINAGE ON SPARGANIUM AMERICANUM NUTT.

Walker, B.  N.  (1)  and Medve,  R.  J.  (2) [(1)  Cecil Community College,
Department  of  Biology and  (2) Slippery Rock State College, Department of
Biology),  Proceedings  of  the  Pennsylvania Academy of Science 50 (2), 170-172
(1976).   In August  and September 1969, j>.  americanum plants were collected
from twenty  sites  in Slippery Rock  Creek,  Wolf Creek,  and Clarion  River
watersheds,  Pennsylvania.   These sites had higher concentrations of total
acidity,  iron,  sulfate,  and  total  hardness and a lower pH than did five sites
in  the  same watersheds that were devoid of this  species.   The production of
staminate heads was  responsive to changes  in total acidity,  total  alkalinity,
iron,  and  pH.   Flowering appeared  to  be affected by water depth.  (From
authors' abstract and  text)   CE558
                                     38

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M76-90   PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF PREIMPOUNDMENT WATER-QUALITY  STUDIES IN THE
         TIOGA RIVER BASIN, PENNSYLVANIA AND NEW YORK

Ward, J. R-• u*s« Geological Survey, Water Resources Division,  Water Resources
Investigations 76-66, USGS/WRD/WRI-76/059, Prepared  in  cooperation  with the
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Baltimore District,  and  the  Susquehanna River
Basin Commission (July  1976).  85 pp.  NTIS, ADA029315.  The  Tioga  River and
its major tributaries were sampled monthly from September  1973  to May 1975,
Mine drainage from both strip- and deep-mined areas  enters  the  stream near
Blossburg and is counteracted by alkaline waters of  downstream  tributaries.
All of the streams in the Tioga River basin carry  nutrients sufficient for
algae blooms-  Dissolved solids range from very high to moderately  high
throughout the basin.   The Tioga River has high concentrations  of sulfate and
heavy metals, particularly iron and  manganese.  Dissolved  oxygen was usually
above 80 percent saturation and never dropped  below  7.0 milligrams  per litre
throughout the basin.   Relationships between  selected  water-quality parameters
have been developed  for the sampling stations  throughout the  basin.
Downstream trends were  also examined.   (Adapted from author's abstract)  CE264

M76-91   SURFACE-WATER  QUALITY  IN THE YAMPA RIVER  BASIN, COLORADO AND
         WYOMING—AN AREA OF ACCELERATED  COAL DEVELOPMENT

Wentz, D« A- and Steele, T. D.  (U.S. Geological Survey, Lakewood, Colorado),
Conference on Water  for Energy  Development,  Engineering Foundation, Asilomar
Conference Grounds,  Pacific Grove,  California,  Dec.  5-10,  1976.  28 pp.
Historical data  on  regional  temperature  patterns,  sediment yields, and
relations  between specific conductance  and  concentrations  of  major inorganic
chemical constituents  were complimented  by  a  reconnaissance of 82 stream sites
in  the  Yampa River  basin during low-flow  conditions  in August and September
1975.   At  three  sites,  trace  elements in  water and in bottom sediments were
found at concentrations higher  than ambient  levels determined for the basin.
Iron and manganese  concentrations  exceeded  U.S.  Public Health Service
recommended  drinking water  standards at  40  sites;  high concentrations of
nitrogen,  phosphorous,  and  organic  carbon were found at six sites.  Diversity
Indices  for  benthic  macroinvertebrates  provide no  concrete evidence for
additional  anomalous sites  in  the  basin.   (Adapted from authors' abstract)
CE568

M76-92   pH PROFILES IN A RIVER SYSTEM WITH MULTIPLE ACID  LOADS

Yeasted, J-  G.  and  Shane,  R.,  J.  Water Pollution Control Federation 48  (1),
91-106  (1976).   A model is presented capable of predicting the  effects  on
downstream water quality resulting  from a variety of proposed  abatement
policies.   Through che use of basic principles af water chemistry,  the
 foundation of  the  model was  developed in the form of two expressions:   an
 equation which permits a determination of pH when the  concentrations  of
 alkalinity and CO-  acidity are known; and an equation  which  simulates the
 change  in  the  hydrogen ion concentration resulting  from the  gain or  the loaa
 of carbon  dioxide at the air-water  interface.  Routines were formulated BO
 that the procedures necessary for the application of  these equations  could be
 added to an existing water quality  model, Program BASIN.   The  final  product


                                      39

-------
 M76-92   (continued)

 was a computer model that could analyze the effect of mine drainage  on  any
 branched river system and gives as output the pH of the water at each of a
 selected number of nodes.  A practical application of the complete model to
 the Kiskiminetas River Basin was made.  (From authors' Sumnary and
 Concl usions)  Jo ur, CE15

 M76-93   TROUGH CREEK LIMESTONE BARRIER INSTALLATION AND EVALUATION

 Yocum, S. C.,  Africa Engineering Associates, Inc., Report to U.S. EPA,
 Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory, Cincinnati, Ohio, Environmental
 Protection Technology Series EPA-600/2-76-114 (May 1976).  101 pp.   NTIS,
 PB-253 766.  The project, carried out in south central Pennsylvania, included
 a stream gaging and sampling program to evaluate the effectiveness of
 limestone barrier performance under actual stream conditions, and to assess
 the adequacy of design relationships developed from laboratory research.
 Limestone barrier performance was excellent during periods of low streamflow,
 in terms of reducing acidity and raising the pH of the water, but
 effectiveness  was marginal at design or average streamflow.  They were
 ineffective when high runoffs were experienced.  Limestone barrier performance
 deteriorates after the structures are initially constructed and placed in
 operation because progressive accumulations of sediment clog interstices
 between the stones,  which lessens the hydraulic conductivity of the barriers,
 and because surfaces of the stones become coated with silt, which causes a
 reduction in reactivity of the reagent (limestone) with flowing acidic water.
 The design of  limestone barriers should take these factors into account, and
 the units should  be  sized sufficiently large to overcome this deficiency.
 Silted  limestone  barriers can be restored  to porous filtering beds,
 approximately  equal  in performance to initial  efficiency, by  washing and
 rehandling  the crushed limestone materials.   (From author's abstract)  EPA,
 CE43

                                     1977

M77-1     ACID  MINE DRAINAGE TREATS SEWAGE  DUMPED IN STREAMS

Coal Age  8£ (11),  23  (Nov.  1977).   Raw sewage  from lines  broken during  the
July 1977 flood in the Johnstown,  Pennsylvania,  area flowed into  the  Conemaugh
and Kiskiminetas Rivers,  both  streams that carry acid mine  drainage.
Authorities observed  that  the  acid water killed  bacteria  and  prevented  a
health hazard.  Jour,  CE156
                                     40

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M77-2    A POLITICAL HISTORY OF ACID MINE  DRAINAGE  IN  WEST VIRGINIA

Alderman, J. K. and Smith, W. M., West Virginia  University,  Coal  Research
Bureau, Report No. 139  (Jan. 1977).  10 pp.   The authors  discuss  court cases
and legislation of West Virginia and Pennsylvania and  Federal  regulations
relating to acid mine drainage pollution and  control.   CE361

M77-3    ACID MINE DRAINAGE:  THE PROBLEM  & THE  SOLUTION

Alderman, J. K. and Smith, W. M. (West Virginia  University,  Coal  Research
Bureau), Coal Mining &  Processing lb_ (8),  66-68, 87-88 (1977),   The authors
review the extent of acid mine drainage in West  Virginia  and some of the
abatement projects carried out over the years.   They emphasize  the great
amount of money required to reclaim watersheds affected by mine drainage,
especially from abandoned mines.  One  recommendation is further research to
develop more effective  and efficient abatement techniques.  A second
reconmendation is to recover and use minerals and metals  in the drainage and
in the sludge from treatment plants.   Jour, CE295

M77-4    AN AQUATIC BIOLOGY STUDY OF DENTS RUN,  MONONGALIA COUNTY, WEST
         VIRGINIA

Academic Associates, Inc., Report to U.S.  EPA,  Industrial Environmental
Research Laboratory, Cincinnati, Ohio,  Contract  No. CA-6-99-3095-A (undated,
issued Nov. 1977),  (16 pp.)  Sampling  was carried  out for benthic
macroinvertebrate fauna, algal  flora,  and  water  quality in June and September
1976 at eight stations  on Dents Run and on two  stations on adjacent Robinson
Run which resembled the pretreatment conditions  in  Dents  Run.   Biota found in
Dents Run showed that the stream was recovering  from acid mine drainage
pollution.  CE365

M77-5    AN AQUATIC BIOLOGY  STUDY OF ROARING  CREEK, RANDOLPH COUNTY, WEST
         VIRGINIA

Academic Associates,  Inc., Report to U.S.  EPA,   Industrial Environmental
Research Laboratory,  Cincinnati,  Ohio, Contract  No. CA-6-99-3323-A (undated,
issued Nov. 1977).   (15 pp.)  Collections  of  benthic macroinvertebrates made
in a single sampling  of selected  segments  of  Roaring Creek were compared to
reports of two different collection periods  on  the  stream.  Water quality data
were also recorded  for  the  sampling stations.   The  report concluded that "from
the available data,  the headwaters  have greatly deteriorated down to station
R5, while below  R5  faunal  diversity shows  less  decline and  populations  have
greatly  increased  since 1970."   CE364

M77-6    STOCHASTIC PREDICTION  OF SEDIMENT YIELDS  FROM STRIP MINE  SPOILS OF
         THE  ARID  SOUTHWEST

Auernhamer, M.  E.,  Fogel,  M.  M.,  Hekman,  L.   H.,Jr., and  Thames,  J* L.
(University of Arizona, School  of  Renewable  Natural Resources),  in "Hydrology
and Water Resources in Arizona  and  the Southwest,"  Volume 7, Proceedings of
the  1977 meetings  of  the  Arizona Section of   the  American Water Resources


                                      41

-------
 M77-6    (continued)

 Association and the Hydrology Section of the Arizona Academy of  Science, held
 in Las Vegas, Nevada, April 15-16, 1977.  pp 33-40.  Mathematical simulation
 of the erosion process is accomplished by using a time series of hydrologic
 parameters as inputs into a modified form of the Universal Soil Loss Equation.
 A parameter to account for antecedent moisture conditions was found to
 improve the predictive success of the Universal Soil Loss Equation.  The
 simulation predicts sediment yield resulting from a stochastic sequence of
 precipitation events on an experimental watershed.  This sediment model will
 be used as a component in a larger, more complex hydrologic simulation model
 which can be used to determine optimum reclamation practices for the strip
 mined areas of the arid Southwest.  Data from regraded strip mine spoils at
 the Black Mesa of Arizona are used in calibrating the model.  (Authors'
 abstract)  CE678

 M77-7    AUTOMATIC WATER-TREATMENT PLANT

 Colliery Guardian 225 (10), 794-795 (Oct. 1977).  The plant to treat water at
 the Silverdale Colliery,  Newcastle-under-Lyme,  Great Britain, is designed to
 run continuously with an  attendant only during  the day shift.  The water is
 treated with lime, the sludge thickened with aid of a polyelectrolyte
 flocculant, and then filtered.   The automation  of each step in the process is
 described.   Jour, CE406a

 M77-8    OUTFLOW IN THE SOUTHERN ANTHRACITE COALFIELD, PENNSYLVANIA

 Baskin, L.  and Mead, J. (Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources),
 Coal  Mine Drainage Research, Seventh Symposium  Preprints, Louisville, Ky., by
 National Coal Association and Bituminous Coal Research,  Inc., Oct.  18-20,
 1977.   pp 124-138.   The ground  surface recharge area above the Middle Creek
 Mine  Pool in Schuylkill County,  Pennsylvania, is about 1,030 acres,  522 of
 which were  strip mined and left  unrestored.   Reclamation consisted of terrace
 type  backfilling of  400 acres of strip mines, construction of 15,050 linear
 feet  of diversion ditches above  the highwall to direct surface runoff away
 from  the restored areas,  and construction of 16,050 feet of stream channels.
 Limited monitoring of the pool  outflow since the project has  been completed
 indicates approximate  reductions in acidity  by  74 percent,  in sulphates by 73
 percent,  in iron by 88 percent,  and in the  discharge rate by 30 percent.
 628-2 C652,  CE738

 M77-9     COAL AND COAL MINE DRAINAGE  (LITERATURE REVIEW)

 Boyer,  J. F.  and Gleason,  V. E.  (Bituminous  Coal Research,  Inc.), J.  Water
 Pollution Control  Federation 4£  (6),  1163-1172  (1977).   There  are seventy-six
 references  in  this review of the  literature  appearing  in  1976.   Jour,  CE642

M77-10   MEASUREMENT AND  MODELING OF  STORM WATER RUNOFF  FROM  COAL STORAGE
         PILES AND THE  IMPACT ON  RECEIVING WATERS

Brookman, G.  T.,  Binder,  J.  J.,  and Wade, W.  A.,  Ill (TRC - THE  RESEARCH
CORPORATION of New England), Coal  Mine  Drainage  Research,  Seventh Symposium

                                      42

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M77-10   (continued)

Preprints, Louisville, Ky., by National Coal Association  and  Bituminous Coal
Research, Inc., Oct. 18-20, 1977.  pp  194-222.  Presented are the  highlights
of the coal fired utility  storm water  measurement  program conductd by TRC for
EPA to evaluate waterborne fugitive emissions  (non-point  sources)  in
relationship to industrial activities.  Data are presented from field studies
of the Warren and Portland Stations in Pennsylvania.   Included is  a

description of the Short Storm Water Management Model  which was modified for
predicting runoff from coal-fired utilities and its application to the sites
measured.  CE743

M77-11   LONG-TERM ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTIVENESS OF  CLOSE DOWN  PROCEDURES -
         EASTERN UNDERGROUND  COAL MINES

Bucek, M. F. and Emel, J.  L., HRB-Singer,  Inc., Report to U.S. EPA, Industrial
Environmental Research Laboratory, Cincinnati, Ohio,  Interagency Energy-
Environment Research and Development Program Report,  EPA-600/7-77-083 (Aug.
1977).   152 pp.  OTIS, PB-272 373/2BE. The sixty-five mine sites selected for
the study represented a cross section  of  geological  and mining frameworks, and
covered  all the known closure techniques.  Available  water quality and
quantity monitoring records for pre- and  post-closure  periods and data on
physical and mining character of the mines were  compiled  and  complemented by
determination of the major chemical pollutants on  samples collected at the
sites during wet and dry seasons.  Overall, the  closures  were found to reduce
acidity  and increase alkalinity of mine drainage.   Effluents  from flooded
shaft/elope and drift mines showed generally,  although not consistently,
better quality than discharges  from open,  air- or  dry-sealed, or partially
flooded  updip drift mines. The closures  for more  than half of the sites
reversed or reduced trends of increasing  pollutants,  augmented already
decreasing  trends,  and reduced  variations in  fluctuations of  the water
quality. The effect of closures on water quality  improvement was found to be
determined  predominately  by  the physical  and mining framework of the  sites and
less by  the closure technology.   (Adapted from authors'  abstract)  EPA, CE328

M77-12    INTERCONNECTION  OF  SURFACE  AND UNDERGROUND WATER RESOURCES  IN
          SOUTHEAST  DURHAM

Cairney, T. and Hamill,  L. (Teesside Polytechnic,  U.K.), J.  Hydrology ^3_
 (1/2),  73-86  (1977),   In  this study,  the  River Skerne was shown to be becoming
a  major  source  of  recharge for  the underlying  Magneslan Limestone aquifer.
The  volume  of water pumped from Mainsforth Colliery and discharged directly  to
the  river waa  identified  in  the data collected to measure  river flow.   CE485

M77-13    PALEOENVIRONMENT OF COAL AND ITS RELATION TO DRAINAGE QUALITY

 Caruccio, F.  T,,  Perm,  J.  C., Home, J.,  Geidel, G.,  and  Baganz,  B.,
 University  of  South Carolina, Report  to U.S.  EPA, Industrial Environmental
Research Laboratory,  Cincinnati,  Ohio, Interagency Energy-Environment Research
                                      43

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M77-I3    (continued)

and  Development  Program Report, EPA-600/7-77-067 (June 1977).  118 pp.  NTIS,
PB-270  080/5BE.   For the area studied in eastern Kentucky, strata which
produce acidic drainages are characterized as having most of the pyrite in the
framboidal  form  and  a paucity of a natural water buffering capacity and are
associated  with  lower delta plain-back barrier sequences.  On the other hand,
strata  which  produce low to high sulfate-neutral drainages also contain
framboidal  pyrite but are associated with highly buffered alkaline-water
systems in  alluvial-upper delta plain sequences.  Thus, the distribution of
framboidal  pyrite, in combination with the concentration of alkalinity of
natural waters,  determines the  quality of drainage from various strata.  This
Study showed  that both of these parameters were identified and correlated with
the  paleo-environment of the coals.   It appears, therefore, that mapping coals
in the  context of their depositional environments provides a tool that can be
used to approximate  the quality of drainage that can be expected from a mine
sited in a  particular stratigraphic  horizon.  (From authors' Results)  EPA,
CE293

M77-14    PEROXIDE OXIDATION OF  IRON  IN COAL MINE DRAINAGE

Cole, C.  A. (1),  Molinski,  A. E.  (2), Rieg, N.  (2), and Backus, F.  (3) [(1)
The  Pennsylvania  State University, Middletown Campus, (2) Pennsylvania
Department  of Environmental Resources and (3) E. E. DuPont DeNemours & Co.,
Wilmington, Delaware], J.  Water Pollution Control Federation W_ (7), 1616-1620
(1977).   Alkaline drainage from the  closed-down Wildwood Mine in Allegheny
County,  Pennsylvania, was treated with hydrogen peroxide .at an average dosage
rate of 6.6 mg/1.  Total iron removed averaged 89 percent.  Sludge  was settled
without need  for  coagulants,  although an anionic polyelectrolyte evaluated
during  a short time  was found to  be  effective in settling the floe.   Costs of
the  procedure are discussed.  JOUR,  CE318

M77-15    EFFECTS  OF  COAL MINING ON GROUND AND SURFACE WATER QUALITY,
          MONQNGALIA  COUNTY,  WEST  VIRGINIA

Corbett,  R. G. (University  of Akron,  Department of Geology), The Science of
the  Total Environment £ (1),  21-38 (1977).   It  was found that water in areas
disturbed by mining  had hardness  of  the calcium-sulfate or calcium-magnesium—
sulfate  type, was  low in pH,  high in iron and aluminum, and contained trace
elements  at a level  of one  or more orders  of magnitude greater than water from
unmined  lands.  CE420

M77-16    QUALITY  AND TREATMENT  OF COAL PILE RUNOFF

Cox, D.  B., Chu,  T.-Y.  J.,  and  Ruane, R.  J.  (TVA,  Division of Environmental
Planning),  Coal Mine Drainage Research, Seventh Symposium Preprints,
Louisville, Ky.,  by  National  Coal Association and Bituminous Coal Research,
Inc., Oct.  18-20,  1977.   pp  232-255.   TVA has established, at two coal-fired
steam plants, programs to provide a  characterization of drainage from coal
storage  piles.  Data  are given  on the hydrology and chemical and physical
                                      44

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M77-16   (continued)

characteristics including acidity, pH, solids, iron, maganese, and  trace
elements-  Studies using ash pond water for neutralization were  conducted  and
it appears that transfer of the coal pile runoff to an ash pond, where
neutralization and precipitation occur, will provide adequate treatment.
CE745

M77-17   SOME HYDROGEOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF HILLSIDES IN SOUTH WALES

Daughtoo, G., Noake, J. S., and Siddle, H. J.  (Sir William Halcrow  and
Partners, Mid Glamorgan, Wales), in Proceedings of a Conference  on  Rock
Engineering, organized jointly by the British  Geotechnical Society  and
University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Department  of Mining  Engineering,  held  at
the University of Newcastle upon Tyne, England, April 4-7, 1977.  pp  423-439.
Approximately 120 tips and tip complexes in South Wales  were  investigated.   It
became apparent that a study of the hydrogeology was a pre-requisite  of an
accurate assessment of tip security.  This paper outlines some of the
hydrogeological aspects involved, together with the cost benefit of the
investigative techniques used.  References to  specific examples  are given  from
some of  the geologically more interesting sites.  A number of diagrams  are
used to  identify many geological elements of  the study area.   Subsidence
patterns, fissure trends, and assessment of aquifer characteristics were an
important part of this investigation.  (From  authors*  Introduction)  550.  R68,
D284

M77-18   WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT GUIDANCE FOR MINE-RELATED  POLLUTION SOURCES
         (NEW, CURRENT, AND ABANDONED)

Deely, P-» U.S. EPA, Water Planning Division,  EPA-440/3-77-027  (Dec.   1977).
212 pp.  NTIS, Pfc-280  625.  Guidance  information and  direction is offered  to
State and local water  quality management  (WQM) agencies  dealing  with
prevention and control  of water  pollution  from new, current  and/or  abandoned
mine-related  pollution  sources under  the U.S.   Environmental Protection
Agency's 208  Program.   Aspects of mine-related water  Quality Management Plan
development which are  separately  explained  and discussed include water
pollution source  identification  and  assessment,  current  source control,
identification and  use  of "Best  Management  Practices",  abandoned source
abatement, new source  planning,  and  continuing water  quality planning and
management.   Information  presented  includes mining  regulatory control system
features needed for  effective water  pollution prevention control, basic mining
water pollution control principles,  and distinctions  between point  sources and
oonpoint sources.   (Author's abstract)  CE692F

H77-19   RECOVERY OF SANITARY-INDICATOR  BACTERIA FROM STREAMS CONTAINING ACID
         MINE WATER

 Double,  M.  L., West Virginia  University,  M.S. Thesis, 1977.   117 pp.   NTIS,,
 PB-2B8  156/3WP.   Improved membrane  filtration methods for better recovery  of
                                      45

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 M77-19   (continued)

 sanitary-indicator organisms front aquatic environments containing acid mine
 water were evaluated.  Comparison of the recovery efficiency of various
 methods used to enumerate colifomi bacteria from water indicated that, in
 general, multiple-tube fermentation techniques gave superior recovery of
 coliforms than did the membrane filtration procedures.  However, the use of
 resuscitation broth as an enrichment medium greatly improved the recovery
 efficiency of the membrane filtration technique.  A difference was found in
 the effectiveness of three membrane filter brands studied.  Other methods used
 to improve the membrane filtration efficiency, such as sample pH adjustments
 with various basic solutions, proved ineffective.  Qualitative studies of the
 Hartman Run drainage area showed that acid mine water may produce .a
 differential inhibitory effect to members of the Enterobacteriaceae.  In
 addition, the use of a two-step enrichment procedure improved the recovery of
 certain genera, namely, Klebsiella.   Thus, it is recoranended that enrichment
 techniques be adopted to aid in assessing the sanitary quality of water.
 (From author's abstract)  CE164F

 M77-20   EFFECT OF STRIP MINING ON WATER QUALITY IN SMALL STREAMS IN EASTERN
          KENTUCKY

 Dyer, K.  L.  and Curtis, W.  R. ,  U.S.  Department of Agriculture, Northeastern
 Forest Experiment Station,  Forest Service Research Paper NE-372 (1977).
 13 pp.  Eight years of streamflow data are analyzed to show the effects of
 strip mining on chemical quality of  water in six first-order streams in
 Breathitt County, Kentucky.   All these watersheds were unmined in August,
 1967, but five have since been  strip mined.   The accumulated data from this
 case history study indicate  that strip mining causes large increases In the
 concentrations of most major dissolved constituents in the runoff waters, the
 concentration of most of these  reaching a maximum some time after mining has
 ceased,  then holding  stady  for  several years.   The maximum concentration of
 dissolved salts occured during  the low flow of the dormant season, whereas
maximum  salt  loads occurred  during the high  flow of the early part of the
 growing  season.  (Authors' abstract)   CE553

M77-21   THE  EFFECTS  OF MINE ACID ON THE POND  RIVER WATERSHED IN WESTERN
          KENTUCKY

 Dyer,  R.  (Western Kentucky University),  Water  Resources Bulletin 13  (5),
 1069-1074  (Oct.  1977).   Some of  the  effects  of drainage from mines  in the
watershed  are  typical  orange deposits  on stream banks  and  beds,  and  the
mortality  of water-tolerant  plants and  trees in swampy areas receiving  mine
waters.   CE559

M77-22   ELKINS MINE  DRAINAGE POLLUTION CONTROL DEMONSTRATION PROJECT

Edited by FEDCo Environmental, Inc., U.S. EPA,  Industrial  Environmental
Research Laboratory,  Resource Extraction and Handling  Division,  Cincinnati,

-------
M77-22   (continued)

Ohio, Interagency Energy-Environment Research  and  Development  Program Report,
EPA-600/ 7-77-090 (Aug. 1977).  316 pp.  NTIS,  PB-272  896/2BE.   This report
describes a project funded in  196i and carried out  jointly  by  U.S.  Bureau of
Mines, U.S. Geological Survey, U.S.  Sport  Fisheries  and  Wildlife (now U.S.
Fish and Wildlife Service),  U.S.  EPA, and  the  state of  West Virginia.  The
report includes detailed background  information on the  mine drainage problem,
the legislation and funding,  the  project  site, and project  objectives;
baseline information on prereclamation conditions  at  the  site; reclamation and
revegetation  procedures used,  with Information on  costs of  equipment and
operations; and details of the information  gathered in  several site
assessments conducted since  the project ended  in 1967.   Among  the conclusions
are that the  underground mine  in  the study  area could not be sealed
successfully ;  the success  of  water diversion could not  be evaluated because of
the lack of data; reclamation  of  surface mines in  areas where  there were no
effects from  underground mining showed the  greatest improvement; acid drainage
and pollution loads were highly dependent  on precipitation; there were varying
degrees of  biological  recovery in formerly acid streams where  water quality
was improved.   (Adapted  from Introduction  and Summary and Conclusions of the
report)  EPA,  CE326

M77-23   THE  IMPACT OF COAL  SURFACE  MINING UPON PUBLIC  WATER SUPPLIES
Emel,  J-  L>»  T^6  Pennsylvania state University, Department of Geography, M.S.
Thesis,  1977.   110 pp.   Redbank Creek watershed in Clarion County,
Pennsylvania,  Includes  seven public water utilities and also represents mining
history  and  conditions  in the bituminous coal fields.  Data from the seven
utilities were obtained from files in the Pennsylvania State Archives and
 these  data were augmented by data from the literature on water quality at
 other  points in the watershed.  Results of regression analyses indicated a
 relationship between the total amount of land disturbed by surface mining and
 concentration of sulfate, iron, and manganese in both surface and ground
 water, acidity and total hardness in surface water,  and alkalinity in ground
 water.  The  report also Includes case histories of each of the water
 utilities, and discussion of legislation and other legal constraints on mining
 to control water quality.  CE383

 M77-24   ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS OF THE NEW-SOURCE NPDES PERMIT PROGRAM FOR THE
          WEST VIRGINIA SURFACE COAL MINING INDUSTRY,  1977-1980

 Jack McConnick & Associates, Inc., A Subsidiary of WAPORA,  Inc.,  Final  Report
 to U.S. EPA Region III, EPA-903/9-78-002  (March  1977).   219  pp.   NTIS
 PB-277 974.   Thla report (1) describes existing conditions  and trends  in  the
 surface coal mining industry,  (2)  identifies known environmentally  sensitive
 resources throughout the State,  (3)  comments on  the  probable future  flow of
 applications  for  new-source  NPDES  (National  Pollutant Discharge  Elimination
 System)  permits and on policy  alternatives which must be specified  by  U.S.  EPA
 as the new program is  implemented, and  (4) presents  the  conclusions  and
 recouMendations of the consultant  for  implementation of  the NPDES program.
 (From author's abstract)  EPA,  CE562


                                       47

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 M77-25   FEDERAL, STATE AND LOCAL REGULATORY  POWERS  AFFECTING  ENERGY
          PROCESSING AND RELATED DEVELOPMENT IN  THE APPALACHIAN REGION

 Hlttman Associates, Inc., Report HIT-672 to Appalachian  Regional
 Commission, Report ARC 76-82/CO-4534 (Feb. 1977).  EXECUTIVE SUMMARY  40 pp.
 Vol.1. COMPILATION OF REGULATORY POWERS  392  pp.   Vol.11.  EVALUATION OF
 REGULATORY POWERS  400 pp.  This study addresses economic and  procedural
 problems related to the multi-level permitting  process which must  be complied
 with in developing U.S. energy resources.  The  study identifies, categorizes,
 and describes, within a single compilation, all Federal, state and local
 regulatory powers which affect the energy flow chain within the Appalachian
 Region.  It evaluates the application of selected regulatory powers and
 identifies areas where bureaucratic bottle-necks exist,  and thus determines
 how the social, economic, environmental and related  needs of the Appalacian
 people are being served by existing powers and institutions.   It also makes
 specific policy recommendations which address the major  existing and
 prospective regulatory problems facing the region.   (From Executive Summary,
 Overview)  311.5 H67

 M77-26   TREATMENT OF PRECIPITATION RUNOFF FROM COAL STORAGE PILES

 Ferraro, F. A. (American Electric Power Service Corporation, Environmental
 Engineering Division), Coal Mine Drainage Research,  Seventh Symposium
 Preprints, Louisville, Ky.,  by National Coal Association and Bituminous  Coal
 Research,  Inc., Oct.  18-20,  1977.   pp 223-231.  Coal pile runoff treatment
 plants are described for two coal transfer facilities operated by American
 Electric Power.  The Belpre  Coal Storage Area involves storage of high sulfur
 Ohio coals and the runnoff requires lime neutralization and settling.  At the
 Cook Coal Terminal,  low sulfur western coals are handled and the runoff
 treatment system consists  of primary settling, addition of a coagulant aid,
 and final  settling.   CE744

 M77-27   TIME  AS A FACTOR  IN ACID  MINE DRAINAGE POLLUTION

 Geidel,  G.  and Caruccio, F.  T. (University  of  South Carolina,  Department of
 Geology),  Coal Mine  Drainage Research,  Seventh Symposium Preprints,
 Louisville, Ky.,  by  National Coal  Association  and  Bituminous Coal Research,
 Inc.,  Oct.  18-20,  1977.  pp  41-50.   The  chemical reactions  that are involved
 in  the dlsulfide  oxidation and the  conversion  of the  weathering products to
 acidity  and the reaction of  the  calcareous  material  in the  overburden with
water  to produce  alkalinity  are  discussed.   In this discussion  it  is assumed
 that the infiltrating  waters  contact  the alkaline  producing material before
 contacting  the  acid material.  The kinetics of both systems  are markedly
different and  the  concentrations of acid or  alkalinity are  time dependent.
The authors found  the  amount of  acidity produced by frequent flushings was
less than that  produced by flushings which  were  done  at  longer  time intervals.
Regardless of  the  time interval of flushing, the maximum  alkalinity produced
by calcareous material  in the section is rapidly achieved  and  remains
relatively constant.   Subsequently, frequent flushings of acidic material
prevent the accumulation of oxidation products and produce mildly acidic
drainages that  can be  neutralized by the available alkalinity.   On  the other


                                     48

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M77-27   (continued)

hand, infrequent flushings solubilize larger  concentrations  of oxidation
products producing strongly acidic solutions  which  overwhelm the  available
alkalinity and produce acid mine drainage.  626.2 C652,  CE732

M77-28   DIGITAL SIMULATION OF THE YIELD  POTENTIAL  OF  THE  ELLIOT  PARK-BURGOON
         AQUIFER IN EASTERN CLEARFIELD AND WESTERN  CENTRE  COUNTIES,
         PENNSYLVANIA

Gerhart, J- M. and Parizek, R. R., The Pennsylvania State  University,  College
of Earth and Mineral Sciences, Special Research  Report SR-113 (March 1, 1977).
162 pp.  In the preliminary evaluation of the aquifer  potential of a portion
of a thick, sandstone sequence underlying  the  coal-bearing  strata  in west-
central Pennsylvania an  estimate of  the yield potential of the aquifer was
obtained through the use  of a finite difference, ground-water flow, digital
computer model.  In addition, an investigation of  the  quality of  ground water
in the aquifer was conducted to determine the effect of acid mine drainage on
that water.   It indicated the quality of  mine waters to be poor,  but the
ground water  quality was  not yet adversely affected.  (Adapted from authors'
Summary of Results)  662.6 PA

M77-29   MICROSCOPIC VARIETIES OF PYRITE  IN WEST VIRGINIA COALS

Grady, W.  C.  (West Virginia University, Coal  Research Bureau), Trans.  AIME 262
(1), 268-274  (March 1977).  Also presented at SHE Fall Meeting, Denver,
Colorado,  Sept.  1976.  Preprint  76F315.   Petrographlc examination of 29
samples from  22 major  West Virginia  coal  seaoa showed four common modes of
microscopic occurrence:   massive, patches,  frambolds, and isolated euhedral
crystals.  Massive  pyrites were  the  most  conmon type in the coals examined,
and  were three  times more abundant  in  West  Virginia's northern coals than in
southern coals, accounting for  part  of  the  higher sulfur in the northern
coals.  Patches were  the second  most prevalent type found.  Quantities of
patches, framboids, and  isolated  crystals were relatively constant throughout
the  coals  examined.   (Adapted  from  author's  Summary)  Jour, CE646

M77-30   REMOTE  SENSING  OF EFFECTS  OF  LAND  USE PRACTICES ON WATER QUALITY

Graves, D.  H. and  Coltharp,  G.  B.,  University of Kentucky Research Foundation,
Final Report  for  the  period  Oct.-May 1977 to U.S. National  Aeronautics and
Space Administration,  George  C.  Marshall  Space Flight Center,  Contract No.
NAS8-31006, May 31,  1977.  (159  pp.)  NTIS,  N77-26581.  Manual photo
interpretation techniques were  utilized  to stratify six watersheds located  in
the  Cumberland Plateau region of eastern Kentucky  into vegetative types.  Land
uses present  within the  study area  were  reclaimed  surface mining  and  forestry.
Sane correlation between densitometrlc data  and some water  quality parameters
measured  in the watersheds existed but ground conditions  were not  diverse
enough  to  allow meaningful extension of  apparent correlations  into areas  other
than the  study area.   (From authors' abstract)  CE672F

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 M77-31   ONSITE CONTROL OF SEDIMENTATION UTILIZING THE MODIFIED BLOCK- CUT
          METHOD OF SURFACE MINING

 Haan, C. T., University of Kentucky, Kentucky Department of Natural Resources
 and Environmental Protection, and Watkins and Associates, Inc., Report to U.S.
 EPA, Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory, Cincinnati, Ohio,
 Interagency Energy-Environment Research and Development Program Report,
 EPA-600/7-77-068 (July 1977).  101 pp.  NTIS, PB-272 244.  A detailed survey,
 including a geologic investigation, was conducted at the project site, on Lower
 Lick Fork, Perry and Letcher Counties, Kentucky.  The preliminary plans
 presented in this report include a description of the method, construction
 design and schedule, projected mine water quality and quantity, and estimates
 of capital and operating costs.  CE320

 M77-32   A GENERIC STUDY OF STRIP MINING IMPACTS ON GROUNDWATER RESOURCES

 Hamilton,  D.  A. and Wilson, J. L., Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
 Ralph M. Parsons Laboratory for Hater Resources and Hydrodynamics, Report No.
 229 (Sept. 1977).   156 pp.   NTIS, MIT-EL-77-017.  Features of the Northern
 Great Plains Coal Regions examined are reclaimed mine geometry, relative
 transmissivity between the  reclaimed spoil and the surrounding unmined coal-
 bed aquifer, anisotrophy, the gravity-sorted rubble layer, coal wedges left
 between trench cuts,  and the position and size of an operational mine in the
 regional flow system.  A finite element computer model was used to simulate
 the groundwater flow field  in relation to local hydrology, interior flow, and
 regional hydrology.  Regional location is found to be the most important.
 factor in  the influence of  an operational mine on groundwater resources.
 Relative transmissivity is  the most important factor in determining the
 influence  of  a reclaimed mine.  When present, the rubble layer dominates  the
 flow pattern through the mine spoil.  The coal wedges are apparently of little
 hydrologic consequence.   Equidimensional mine shapes are preferred to
 elongated  shapes because they induce the least amount of flow through spoil
 per unit extracted  coal. (From authors'  abstract)  CE362

M77-33  COAL MINING AND SURFACE  WATER QUALITY:   CROWSNEST PASS,  ALBERTA AND
         BRITISH COLUMBIA - PRELIMINARY DATA

 Harrison,  J.  E.,  in Geological  Survey of Canada, Report  of Activities Part A,
 Paper 77-1A (1977).   pp 319-322.   Available,  Geological  Survey of  Canada,  601
 Booth Street,  Ottawa,  K1A OE8.  $7.20 outside of Canada.  Sampling was carried
out  at  14  stations  on  drainages from abandoned underground mines,  12 ponds in
abandoned  surface mines,  and  nine streams originating in surface-mined areas.
Seven samples  from  underground  drainages were red  from precipitated  iron,
while water from four  ponds and six  streams  showed varying amounts  of
suspended  sediment.  The  tabulated data give  field observations on  color of
suspended  sediment, pH,  and dissolved  oxygen,  and  also laboratory  observations
on  color,  turbidity, pH,  suspended solids, specific conductance, total
alkalinity, total hardness, and concentrations of  Fe, Mn,  K,  Ca, SO,,  Si,  Na,
and  organic and  inorganic carbon.  The data  show that as a result or coal
                                     50

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M77-33   (continued)

mining, total dissolved solids, alkalinity, and hardness,  and  iron and sulfate
are increased in mine waters, and that suspended  solids  are  increased in water
from surface mines.  550. C212, CE619

M77-3A   EPA SETS WATER POLLUTION LIMITS

Heenan, H. T. (Kilcullen, Smith & Heenan),  Coal Age  82  (7),  Ul  (1977).   The
Final Effluent Limitation Guidelines, effective July~T,  1977,  for coal mine
and preparation plant effluents, require permits  before  discharging water.
There is a tabulation of the limitation of  total  iron, manganese and suspended
solids, «nd PH 1° dischargee under  various  conditions.   Jour,  CE280

M77-35   CROUNDWATER RE-ESTABLISHMENT  IN CAST OVERBURDEN

Herring, W. C. (AMAX Coal Company), Coal Mine Drainage  Research, Seventh
Symposium Preprints, Louisville, Ky., by National Coal  Association and
Bituminous Coal Research, Inc.,  Oct.  18-20,  1977. pp 71-87.   This discussion
of ground water re-establishment in surface mi tied areas  in the Illinois Basin
is based primarily  on existing  publications.   Some data from new but limited
hydrologic studies  conducted by  AMAX Coal  Company is also presented.  In most
cases the overburden has a  neutralization  potential  exceeding the acid-
producing potential and  the ground  water  in the  cast overburden will have a
somewhat higher dissolved solids content  than in  adjacent nondisCurbed
formations.  As would be expected  the  cast  overburden aquifers have greater
transmisslvitiea, greater recharge, and  greater  discharge than do aquifers  in
the unmined overburden.  628.2  C652,  CE735

M77-36   HOW MINE WATER IS  CLARIFIED AT SILVERDALE COLLIERY

Mine  and  Quarry 6  (7/8),  6, 8  (July/Aug.  1977).   The process Includes lime
neutralization, ¥ludge  thickening  with polyelectrolyte, and vacuum  filtration
of  the  sludge.  Filter  cake composition is given and automatic control of the
various process  steps  is described.  Jour, CE99

M77-37   FLOWS  OF  SODIUM POTASSIUM, MAGNESIUM AND CALCIUM IN THE  R.  CYNON,  S.
         WALES

Hughes, B.  D.  and  Edwards,  R.  W. (University of Wales,  Institute  of  Science
and  Technology),  Water  Research jj., 563-566  (1977).  Amounts of  Na,  K,  Mg,  and
Ca  have been determined at  10 sampling stations on  the  river.  The  differences
 in  the  concentrations  of these elements have been attributed to  the  geology of
 the  drainage area  and  to the ground water pumped  into the river  from the
marine coal  deposits.   CEA29

 M77-38   APPLICATION OF RESIDUALS  MANAGEMENT FOR ASSESSING  THE  IMPACTS OF
          ALTERNATIVE COAL-DEVELOPMENT PLANS  ON REGIONAL WATER RESOURCES

 James, I-  C., II (1) and STEELE, T. D. (2)  [U.S.  Geological Survey (1) Reaton,
 Va. and (2) Lakewood, Colo.], Third  International Hydrology Symposium,


                                      51

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 M77-38   (continued)

 Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, June  27-29,  1977.   23 pp.
 Results of analyses of samples of the Oak Creek drainage  in  the  Yampa  River
 basin show the effects of mine drainage in higher concentrations  of  total and
 dissolved iron and manganese, total cadmium, and dissolved copper  and  nickel.
 CE529

 M77-39   PROGRESS IN METHODOLOGY OF THE LIGNITE MINE WATERS  PURIFICATION

 Janiak, H. (Central Research and Design Institute for Opencast Mining,
 Poland), Coal Mine Drainage Research, Seventh Symposium  Preprints, Louisville
 Ky., by National Coal Association and Bitumnous Coal Research,  Inc., Oct.    *
 18-20,  1977.   pp 139-149.  Data are given on the classes of  purity for  Polish
 water courses and reservoirs and on typical water quality of Polish lignite
 mines.   Purification of mine waters in Poland is limited to  reducing the
 excessive concentration of suspended solids.  Research on the use  of gamma
 radiation and flocculation to remove suspended solids was conducted in
 cooperation with U.S.  EPA and is described in this paper.  628.2 C652,  CE739

 M77-40    THE  IMPORTANCE OF A LAKE'S LITTORAL ZONE AND ITS RELATIONSHIP  TO MINE
          POND RECLAMATION

 Joseph,  T.  W. (Ecology Consultants,  Inc.),  in "Reclamation for Wildlife
 Habitat" Proceedings of Reclamation Workshop II, sponsored by ERT  Ecology
 Consultants,  Inc.,  Fort Collins,  Colorado,  Sept. 19-20, 1977.  pp  50-63,
 This paper  advocates the development of ponds, where water quality permits,  on
 reclaimed land rather  than always  returning the area to the approximate
 original contour.  As  part of the  construction, shallow areas should be
 constructed outward  from the  shore for support of  emergent and submergent
 aquatic  macrophyte  production.   CE768

 M77-41    NEW  TRENDS  OF  RESEARCH IN PROTECTION AGAINST MINE WATER

 Kapolyi,  L.,  Publications of  the Hungarian  Mining  Research Institute, No.  20
 (1977).   pp 39-46.   This  paper  Is  concerned  with procedures  for preventing
 miners and mining equipment  from the inrush  of ground water  in underground
 mines that are  located  well within a highly  permeable ground  water system.   It
 is postulated that by local pumping  that  follows advance  continuously,  less
 water will have to be lifted  than by regional  dewaterlng.   CE722

M77-42   WATER  QUALITY  OF SELECTED STREAMS  IN THE  COAL AREA  OF SOUTHEASTERN
         MONTANA

Knapton, J. R. and McKinley,  P. W.,  U.S. Geological  Survey,  Water Resources
 Division, Helena, Montana, USGS/WRD/WRI-77/062,  USGS/WRI-77-80  (Sept.  1977).
 145 pp.   NTIS, PB-273 028.  Data collected over  a  two-year period at  35 sites
on Armells, Mizpah, Pumpkin, Rosebud, and Sarpy  Creeks  and the  Tongue  River
include measurements of major dissolved constituents,  plant  nutrients,  trace
elements, water discharge, suspended sediment, and water  temperature.   Data
                                     52

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M77-42   (continued)

are graphed and tabulated for each sampling  station, and  conditions  in each
drainage basin and their relation to water quality  are discussed.  US  Geol,
CE177

M77-43   WATER AND RELATED PROBLEMS IN COAL-MINE AREAS OF ALABAMA

Knight, A. L. and Newton, J. G., U.S. Geological Survey,  Water  Resources
Division, USGS/WRI-76-130, USGS/WRD/WRI-77/051  (April  1977).  51  pp.   NTIS,
PB-271 527.  The geology and hydrology of Alabama coal fields are described
and surface and underground coal mining methods are outlined.   Problems
associated with mining  of bituminous coal from  the  Pottsville formation
discussed in this report include erosion and sedimentation,  flooding,  decline
in ground water level,  diversion of drainage, subsidence, water quality,  and
vegetation.  Both relevant conditions reported  in the  literature  and
representative examples of problems of mining reflected  in  legal  action are
discussed.  CE36

M77-44   MEDIATION OF ACID STRIP MINE POLLUTION BY  THE ATTEMPTED  INHIBITION OF
         THE IRON-OXIDIZING AUTOTROPH, THIOBACILLUS FERROOXIDANS

Kugatow, M. A., The Pennsylvania State University,  D.Ed.  Thesis,  1977.  62pp.
University Microfilms,  78-3339.  Counts were made of  the  numbers  of  sulfur-
and iron-oxidizing bacteria and total heterotrophic microorganisms present in
samples taken from three strip-mined areas during the  period from the  summer
of 1973 through the summer and  fall of  1974. In untreated  soils, those with
low soil pH were high in iron-oxidizing autotrophs  and vice  versa, but no
correlations were observed between pH and numbers of  sulfur-oxidizing
bacteria*  With partial neutralization  there was usually, but not always, a
decrease in iron-oxidizing bacteria, and, in some cases,  a  stimulation of
sulfur-oxidizing bacteria.  While the use of an inhibitor which was  very
effective in the laboratory generally lowered the numbers of iron-oxidising
bacteria in the field,  the effect was transitory.   Treatments with inhibitors
did not affect numbers  of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria,  nor  did they affect
either the pH or total  acidity  of the soil.   (Adapted  from  author's  Summary)
628.2 K95, CE638

M77-45   IMPACT OF GOB  AND POWER-PLANT  ASH DISPOSAL ON GROUND WATER QUALITY
         AND ITS CONTROL

Libicki, J« (Central Research and Design  Institute  for Opencast Mining,
Poland), Coal Mine Drainage Research, Seventh Symposium  Preprints, Louisville,
Ky., by National Coal Association and Bituminous Coal  Research, Inc.,  Oct.
18-20, 1977.  pp 165-184.  Strip-mine pits are  receiving  wider  use for the
disposal of mine gob and power-plant ash.  Such use Incurs  the  possibility of
ground-water pollution  with substances  leached  from the  disposed waste
material.  The objectives of  the project  described  in  this  paper, which was
jointly funded by POLTEGOR  (Poland) and U.S. EPA, were to determine the
influence of gob and fly ash  disposal on  ground-water  quality,  to prepare
                                      53

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 M77-45   (continued)

 procedures to ameliorate the influence of the storage on ground water  and
 reclamation, and to provide recommendations for investigation and monitoring
 systems.  628.2 C652, CE741

 M77-46   SODA ASH TREATMENT OF NEUTRALIZED MINE DRAINAGE

 Long,  D. A., Butler, J. L., and Lenkevich, M. J., Gwin, Dobson & Foreman,
 Inc.,  Report to U.S. EPA, Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory,
 Cincinnati, Ohio, Environmental Protection Technology Series, EPA-600/2-77-09Q
 (May 1977).  73 pp.  NTIS,  PB-272 760/OBE.  The objective of this study, which
 was conducted from August to December, 1974 and for a short time in  1975,  was
 to  evaluate the technical and economic feasibility of softening neutralized
 acid mine drainage waters by means of the cold lime/soda ash process.  The
 study  was conducted full-scale at the Altoona Treatment Plant near the
 Horseshoe Curve area in Pennsylvania.  Unit processes employed at the  plant
 consisted of liae neutralization, aeration, settling, soda ash softening,
 recarbonation,  and filtration.  The results generally indicated that the
 desired  quality could be achieved.  Costs of producing effluents of several
 different qualities are given in 1975 dollars.  CE316

 M77-47   LATEST RESULTS OF  RESEARCH WORK IN HUNGARY CONCERNING THE PROTECTION
          OP MINES AGAINST WATER INTRUSION

 Hartos,  F., Publications of the Hungarian Mining Research Institute, No. 20
 (1977).   pp 20-37.   One of  the major problems facing the Hungarian mining
 industry concerns the danger to man and equipment from flooding.  This paper
 describes the problem and presents a simple model for calculating the water
 yield  considering the interrelation between components of a triple system  of
 aquifer, protective layer and mining pit.  CE721

 M77-48   REMOTE SEALING OF  MINE PASSAGES CONTAINING FLOWING WATER

 Maser, K.  R.  (to The United States of America as represented by the Secretary
 of  the Interior), U.S.  Pat.  4,000,621 (Jan.  4, 1977).   4 pp.  Underground
 passages having water flowing therein are sealed remotely from the surface by
 first  emplacing an  aggregate layer on the passage floor  through a borehole to
 a depth  sufficient  to allow the flowing water to percolate through the
 aggregate  without overflowing it.   Fly ash,  either alone or admixed with
 cement or a swelling clay,  Is then pneumatically injected into the passage
 atop the aggregate.   Finally,  water flow is  closed off by injecting a
 cementitious  grout  into the aggregate layer.  (Abstract  of the disclosure)  US
 Pat, CE312

M77-49    REMOTE SEALING OF  MINE PASSAGES CONTAINING FLOWING WATER

Maser, K.  R.  (to  The United  States of America  as represented by the Secretary
of  the Interior), U.S.  Patent  4,000,621 (Jan.  4,  1977).   4 pp.   The patent
includes as a claim  the  control  of acid water  flowing  through mines to
decrease or prevent  pollution  of surface  water.   US Pat, CE312


                                      54

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M77-50   CHEMICAL LIMNOLOGY OF AN ACID MINE DRAINAGE  SLUDGE  SETTLING
         IMPOUNDMENT

McDonald, D. G., Sr. (Peabody Coal Company), Coal Mine Drainage  Research.
Seventh Symposium Preprints, Louisville, Ky., by National  Coal Association and
Bituminous Coal Research,  Inc., Oct.  18-20, 1977. pp  104-123.  A strlpmine
lake in southeastern Illinois was intensely studied from February to  August
1972 to (1) characterize chemical and physical  stratification;  (2) determine
the "stability" of stratification and O)  assess the  relationship between
Impoundment stratification and the primary influent source - neutralized acid
mine drainage from the Will Scarlet water  treatment plant  (USEPA - Peabody
Coal Company Project No. 14010 DAX).  The  sludge settling  impoundment wae
characterized as a unique example of  an artificially  Induced crenogenlc
meromlctlc (partly-mixing) Impoundment.  Dichotomized pH stratification and
the subsequent  accumulation of iron (ferrous) bicarbonates in the lower strata
indicated that  the origin  and maintenance  of  impoundment meromixis was
directly related to the deposition of Iron hydroxides from the  neutralization
process as per  the impoundment's intended  use.   (From author's  abstract)
628.2 C652, CE737

M77-51   RAPID  ANALYSIS OF ACID MINE  DRAINAGE

McMillan, B. G., Akers, D. J., and Colabrese,  J.  F.  (West  Virginia University,
Coal Research  Bureau), Mining Congress  Journal  £3  (5), 28-33 (May 1977).  The
portable colorimetric  filter  photometer  which  is  described provides reasonably
accurate results on site and  permits  following  quickly the fluctuations In
quality of mine drainage.  The on-site  photometer was tested for accuracy
against a sophisticated laboratory colorimetric photometer and  an atomic
absorption (AA) apectrophotometer in  analysing  for  constituents  of acid mine
drainage, Al,  Cu,  Fe(total),  Mg, and  Ni.   Sulfate  could not be determined by
the AA>  The percent  of error  for  the two  photometric methods was similar in
most analyses.  CE247

M77-52   STRIP MINES  AND FLUVIAL SYSTEMS:   GEOMORPHIC EFFECTS AND
         ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT IN NORTHEASTERN OKLAHOMA

Meleen, N. H.,  Clark  University, Worcester, Massachusetts,  Ph.D.  Thesis,  1977.
264 pp-  The  study is carried out  in  Spencer Creek basin, northeastern  Rogers
County  and  examines  three  categories  of changes in fluvial  systems produced by
strip mining:   (1) catchment  systems, (2) hydrologic response to  rainfall,  and
 (3)  sediment movement.   Changes  in the catchment system are  described by
examining  the  key  hydrologic  variables  affected, including  infiltration,
vegetation,  drainage  diversions,  slope angles and channel gradients, and
hydraulic geometry.   The  hydrologic  response Is examined  both by  means  of
 discharge measurements at  channel  sites and by field observations and analysis
 of air  photos.  Sediment  data include suspended-sediment  samples, channel-
 geometry measurements, field observations of erosion and  deposition  within
 channels,  and measurements of dissolved load and acidity.   Recommendations  are
 given  of ways  to  reduce the problems and  enhance the benefits of  strip  mining.
 CE7Z7F
                                      55

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M77-53   TREATABILITY AND TREATMENT OF LEACHATE AND CONTAMINATED RUN-OFF
          WATERS FROM A COAL TRANSSHIPMENT FACILITY

Metry, A. A.  (Roy F. Weston, Inc.), in "Proceedings of the 30th Industrial
Waste Conference, May 6, 7 and 8, 1975, Purdue University, Lafayette,
 Indiana," Ann Arbor, Michigan:  Ann Arbor Science Publishers, Inc.,  1977.   pp
 198-206.   Laboratory studies to evaluate the quality of leachate and runoff
from stockpiles of low-sulfur western coal showed that the only significant
pollutant was suspended coal fines.  The treatment process recommended in this
particular case included gravity settling and polishing with lime and polymer
flocculants.   628.2 1323, CE643

M77-54   A MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR DETERMINING THE OPTIMAL LOCATIONS OF COAL
          MINE DRAINAGE NEUTRALIZATION PLANTS

Mlknis,  J. J. and Lovell, H. L. (The Pennsylvania State University, Mine
Drainage  Research Section), Coal Mine Drainage Research,  Seventh Symposium
Preprints, Louisville, Ky., by National Coal Association and Bituminous Coal
Research, Inc., Oct. 18-20, 1977.  pp 150-164.  A prescriptive, non-linear
mathematical  model capable of assisting water quality planners in their
efforts  to control coal mine drainage pollution is presented.  The model is an
efficient tool that can be used for the preliminary screening often needed  in
planning  large comprehensive river basin projects.  The major aspects that
must be  evaluated before a prescriptive model can be developed include the
types  of  control  measures to be considered,  the possible locations of these
control measures, the chemical parameters, water quality goals, the areas in
which  the water quality goals are to be met, and the hydrological-water
quality nature of the basin.  628.2 C652,  CE740

M77-55   ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS OF COAL PRODUCTION IN THE APPALACHIAN REGION

Mlnear, R.  A.,  Tschantz,  B. A., Rule, J.  H., Vaughan, G.   L., Overton, D. E.,
and  Briggs, G.,  University of Tennessee Environment Center, Appalachian
Resources Project, Progress Report June 1, 1976 -May 31,  1977 to U.S. Energy
Research  and  Development  Administration,  ORO-4946-2 (undated).   185 pp.   This
report covers progress  on the work being  carried out in the New River
watershed,  Tennessee.   Activity is divided into four projects:   Task 1.
Hydrologic  Impact  of Strip mining on Small East Tennessee  Watersheds; Task  2.
Mobilization  of Heavy Metals and Other Contaminents from Contour Strip Mine
Spoil; Task 3.  Distribution of Heavy Metals in Sediment  of Strip Mine
Watersheds; and Task 4.   Biological Impact of  Contour Strip Mining in Small
Watersheds.   CE482

M77-56    CATAWISSA CREEK MINE DRAINAGE ABATEMENT PROJECT

Miorin, A.  F., Kllngensmith,  R.  S.,  Knight,  F.  J., Heizer,  R.   E.,  and
Saliunas, J.  R., Gannett  Fleming  Corddry and Carpenter,  Inc.,  Report to  U.S.
EPA, Industrial Environmental  Research Laboratory, Cincinnati,  Ohio,
Interagency Energy-Environment  Research and  Development  Program Report
EPA-600/7-77-124  (Nov.  1977).   173 pp.  NTIS,  PB-276 584/OBE.   The study area
                                     56

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M77-56   (continued)

is in Che middle anthracite region of Pennsylvania  on  a  creek running  into  the
Susquehanna River.  The abatement plan  included both mine  sealing  to inundate
acid forming materials, and reconstructing  the bed  of  Catawissa  Creek  to
reduce water entering the mine and thus  the amount  of  discharge.   Because of
the high cost of constructing the mine  seals, only  the second part of  the
project was carried out.  Average monthly water-quality  data  Indicate  that
after atreambed reconstruction average  acid load  was decreased while the iron
load was increased slightly.  CE382

M77-57   NCB WATER TREATMENT PUNT NEEDS NO LAGOONS

Coal Age 8£ (7), 21 (July  1977).  The  400 gpm treatment  plant at the
Silverdale Colliery is  described.  Mine water is  treated with lime and
precipitated sludge is mixed with polyelectrolyte flocculant  in deep-cone
thickening tanks.  Clear overflow meets effluent  standards of iron content
less than  10 ppm, suspended solids less than  50 ppm, and pH between 5 and 9.
Inexpensive automatic control is possible because the  250,000-gal balance tank
holds the equivalent of ten hours of pumping mine water  so that the plant can
treat a constant volume of  slurry.   Jour, CE648

M77-58   NEW PLANT FILTERS  400 GAL/MIN. OF  MINE WATER

Filtration & Separation _14_ (4),  414  (July/Aug.  1977).   The continuously
operating water-treatment  plant  at  the Silverdale Colliery, Newcastle under
Lyme, near Stoke on Trent,  is described. Lime  neutralization and
polyelectrolyte addition  remove  Iron to levels  required  for effluents.  CE484

M77-59   NORTH  BRANCH  POTOMAC RIVER BASIN MINE  DRAINAGE STUDY:  PHASE I
         BASELINE  STUDY

Skelly  and Loy,  Consultants and  Engineers,  Final  Technical Report  to U.S.
Army,  Corps of  Engineers,  Baltimore District, May  1977.    282  pp.   NTIS,
ADA052S31  This  survey  established the extent,  magnitude,  and effects of coal
mine drainage pollution in the  basin.   Alternative abatement  and  reclamation
solutions  were  considered.   Study included  an analysis of  socioeconomic  and
environmental conditions  as related to the  mine drainage  problem.   (From
abstract  of  the  report)  CE120a

M77-60  MODELING AND SIMULATION OF MINE WATER DRAINAGE

Owill-Eger,  A.  S.  and Manula, C. B. (The Pennsylvania State  University,
Department of Mineral Engineering), In "Application of Computer Methods  in  the
Mineral Industry," Proceedings of the  Fourteenth Symposium,  Oct.  4-8,  1976, R.
V.  Ramani,  Ed.,  New York:  Society of Mining Engineers of AIME,  1977.
pp 526-540.   This paper discusses a model for groundwater quantity prediction
at operating sections of underground mines.  The approach involves the
development  of a mathematical model for the movement  of water through an
 Integrated (unsaturated-saturated) flow domain within a definable watershed.
 The model is programmed for the IBM 370/168 computer  using the  method of


                                       57

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 M77-60   (continued)

 finite difference approximation coupled with a finite element analysis.   The
 conceptual and computational aspects of the model have been validated with
 both experimental and field data and applied to an active  coal mining
 operation located in central Pennsylvania.  (Authors' abstract)   622 A652,
 CE356

 M77-61   EFFECTS OF ACID MINE WASTES ON AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS

 Parsons, J.  D. (Southern Illinois University, Carbondale,  Department of
 Botany), Proceedings of  the First International Symposium  on Acid
 Precipitation and the Forest Ecosystem, U.S. Department of Agriculture,  Forest
 Service General Technical Report NE-23 (1976).   pp 571-595.  Also published in
 Water, Air and Soil Pollution 7_, 333-354 (1977).  The 1952-1954 studies  of
 surface-mine  lakes and effluents from mined lands In the Cedar Creek Basin in
 Missouri are  reviewed.  Effects of drainage on aquatic life and the conditions
 for  recovery  from mine drainage pollution are related to current problems
 resulting from acid precipitation.   CE292

 M77-62   RESEARCH NEEDS  RELATED TO ACID MINE WATER:   WORKSHOP PROCEEDINGS

 Compiled and  Edited by M.  C. L. Akamatsu, Sponsored by The Northeast Water
 Institute Directors, Morgantown, West Virginia,  Nov.  10-12, 1976.  West
 Virginia University, Water Research Institute,  Center for Extension and
 Continuing Education,  1977.   118 pp.   J-  F.  Martin,  of EPA's Industrial
 Environmental  Research Laboratory,  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  opened the meeting with  a
 review of current  EPA contracted and  in-house research,  "Research and
 development programs for acid mine  water,"  pp 1-7.   Presentations were given
 in five  major  work areas as  follows:  Joering,  E.  A.  (Ohio River Basin
 Commission),  "Planning and management aspects of acid mine water," pp 8-13;
 Menzel,  D. C.  and  Williams,  D.  G.  (West Virginia University), "Research needs
 related  to social,  political, and  Institutional  aspects  of acid mine
 drainage,' pp  14-26; Grouse, H. L.  and Gormley,  J.  T. (D'Appolonia Consulting
 Engineers, Inc.),  "Research  needs  related  to mining  methodology for prevention
 or reduction of acid mine  water,"  pp  34-45;  Smith,  E. E.  (The Ohio State
 University),  "Research needs related  to chemical  and  physical aspects of acid
mine water," pp 52-58; Dugan,  P. R. (The  Ohio  State  University,  Department of
Microbiology and Water Resources Center), "Research  needs related to
biological aspects of  acid mine water,"  pp  70-82; and Lovell,  H.  L.  (The
Pennsylvania State University,  Department of Mineral  Engineering), "Research
needs  related  to treatment of  acid mine water,"  pp  93-97.   The  Proceedings
also include five  work group reports  which  developed  information  on
definitions of each  of the five problem areas addressed,  type of  research
needed,  priority level,  importance  to  Northeast  Region,  specific  needs,
potential use, and when  recommended actions  will  be needed.  CE385
                                     58

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M77-63   ACID GENERATION WITHIN A SPOIL PROFILE:   PRELIMINARY EXPERIMENTAL
         RESULTS

Rogowski, A. S. (U.S. Agricultural Research Service,  University  Park,
Pennsylvania), Coal Mine Drainage Research, Seventh Symposium Preprints,
Louisville, Ky., by national Coal Association and  Bituminous  Coal  Research,
Inc., Oct. 18-20, 1977.  pp 25-40.  Two large caissons  filled with spoil
material from a Kylertown, Pa., surface nine in  the lower  Kittanning  coal  seam
were used in this study.  Preliminary results after Initial water  application
to the two caissons showed a much higher  infiltration rate and settling on
spoil alone than on spoil covered with soil.  Considerable piping  and  Internal
erosion tended to transport large amounts of soil  material deep  into  spoil
profiles.  Temperature proflies reflected water  movement,  while  02
concentration values decreased when soil  covered the  spoil surface.  Although
S contents within a spoil profile undoubtedly were related to acid generation,
the highest S content (acid shale, caisson 2) did  not seem to generate
exceptionally high acid effluent.  Apparently adequate  topsoil cover  (caisson
1) improved the quality of water reaching the water table.  Possibly,  piping
and erosion could have created an internal filter  and the  results  suggest  that
under controlled field conditions a similar filter may  form.   Since topsoil
cover seemed to reduce substantially oxygen diffusion,  less  oxidation and  acid
generation with depth might be expected.  The study results  showed that
organic C and leaching analyses of individual layers  might not truly  reflect
the field situation.  Organic C may often be contaminated  with coal or organic
shale fragments, while a cumulative profile effluent  seemed  to contain
considerably higher concentration of salta than  combined leachatee from the
individual layers.  (From author's conclusions)   628.2  C652,  CE731

H77-64   MODELING THE  IMPACT OF  STRIP MINING  AND RECLAMATION PROCESSES ON
         QUALITY AND QUANTITY OF WATER  IN MINED AREAS:   A REVIEW

Rogowski, A.  S., Pionke, H.  B.,  and  Broyan,  J.  G.  (Northeast Watershed
Research Center, University  Park, Pennsylvania), J.  Environmental Quality £
(3), 237-244  (July-Sept.  1977).   The  authors  conclude that modeling techniques
available in  the current literature  can  possibly be used to simulate the
hydrology of  a  spoil system.   Included  in the  topics  needing more study are
temperature distribution in  spoil to  see  if  it  correlates with acid-producing
zones; erosion  resulting  from  the requirement  to place  relatively fine topsoil
on  top of coarse rubble material; and  the infiltration and redistribution of
water  in spoil.  CE353

M77-6S   REGULATION  OF THE  COAL  MINING  AND PREPARATION INDUSTRY

Rosenberg,  J.  I. (1),  Campbell,  J,  M,  (2).  and  Maneval, D. R. (2)  ((1) The
MITRE  Corporation  and  (2) The  Appalachian Regional Comlssion),  Coal Mine
Drainage  Research,  Seventh  Symposium Preprints, Louisville,  Ky.,  by National
Coal Association and Bituminous  Coal Research,   Inc.,  Oct. 18-20,  1977.
pp  5-24.   The existing relationship between coal mine and preparation  plant
operator*  and the  regulators of  such facilities at the state  and  Federal
levels i«  described.   By presenting examples of this relationship, drawn  from
                                      59

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 M77-65   (continued)

 a recent study, the paper has attempted  to describe  how the  instruments  of
 regulation (e.g., permits, licenses, and certificates)  affect  coal  industry
 operators*  Although not quantifying, in terms of  exact time or  dollars, the
 effect of such instruments upon the industry, it is  certainly  possible  to
 conclude that the instruments themselves and their required  use  tend  to  limit
 the discretion of the operator.  As operators' discretion  is limited  so  is
 their ability to respond to changes in the market.   Thus,  existing  regulatory
 procedures which are required of the coal Industry entail  a  certain degree of
 time delay which translates into additional administrative expense  to the
 operator as well as lost marketing opportunities.  (From authors' summary)
 628.2 C652, CE730

 M77-66   ACID LAKE RENOVATION

 Rosso, W. A.  (Peabody Coal Company, Kentucky Regional Laboratory),  Coal  Mine
 Drainage Research,  Seventh Symposium Preprints,  Louisville,  Ky., by National
 Coal Association and Bituminous Coal Research, Inc., Oct.  18-20, 1977.
 pp 61-70.  The renovation or reclamation of five acid lakes  created by surface
 mining in Muhlenberg County, Kentucky,  is described.  The  lakes  and adjacent
 watersheds were treated by minimal grading to cover extremely  toxic areas,
 planting with grasses,  legumes or trees to stabilize the spoil material,
 covering problem areas  with agricultural limestone, and blowing  limestone over
 the surfaces  of four of the lakes.  The four lak.es treated with  limestone
 recovered in  less  than  six months and the fifth lake became  alkaline  in  18
 months.   628.2 C652,  CE734

 M77-67   TRACE METAL GEOCHEMISTRY OF A FLUVIAL SYSTEM IN EASTERN TENNESSEE
          AFFECTED  BY COAL MINING

 Schrader,  E.  L.,  Jr.  (1),  Rule,  J.  H.  (2),  and Furbish,  W. J.  (1) [(1) Duke
 University and (2)  University of Tennessee],  Southeastern Geology _18_  (3),
 157-172  (1977).   Concentrations  of Cd,  Co,  Cr,  Cu,  Fe,  Mn, Ni, Pb,   and Zn
 sediments were determined  at a number  of locations  on the New River-Indian
 Fork stream system.   Trace  elements were shown to be  attached to  sediments and
 also as  cations  sorbed  onto  suspended  hydrous metal oxides.  CE566

 M77-68   INVESTIGATION  OF  ION EXCHANGE  TREATMENT OF ACID MINE DRAINAGE

 Scott, R.  B.,  Wilnoth,  R.  C.,  and  Kennedy,  J.  L.  (U.S.  EPA,  Industrial
 Environmental  Research  Laboratory,  Cincinnati,  Ohio), Coal Mine Drainage
 Research,  Seventh Symposium  Preprints,  Louisville,  Ky.,  by National  Coal
 Association and Bituminous Coal  Research,  Inc.,  Oct.  18-20, 1977.  pp 88-103.
 Data  from  research on a 2-resin  ion exchange  process  studied  by EPA at the
 Crown Mine  Drainage Control  Field  Site  near Morgantown,  West  Virginia, are
presented.  In this system,  the  first resin is an H+-form,  strong-acid cation
 exchanger  and  the second resin is a weak-base  anion exchanger in  the free-base
 (OH-) form.   It was found  that the  process, as  is,  will  not produce  a potable-
quality effluent from the Crown  acid mine drainage  because of its unusual  high
                                      60

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M77-68   (continued)

sodium level.  If the sodium were not  present,  the  effluent  could be post-
treated and filtered for residual iron and manganese  removal  and  chlorinated
to meet potability standards.  628.2 C652, CE736

M77-69   EVALUATION OF MINE WATER EFFLUENT FROM IOWA  COAL  PROJECT
         DEMONSTRATION MINE #  1 AND ENVIRONMENTAL RAMIFICATIONS

Sendlein, L. V. A., Iowa State University, Energy & Mineral  Resources Research
Institute, Coal Project, Report to Argonne National Laboratory,  IS-ICP-36
(Jan. 1977).   (58 pp.)  This report represents  the  ongoing data  collection
program and illustrates that,  during the  period measured,  uncontrolled mining
(no sediment control structure) caused the stream to  be affected over a short
distance (approximately 4,000  feet) whereas  effluent  from  the sediment pond
did not negatively affect  the  stream except  during  failure of the pond.  (From
author's Summary)  ICP, CE89

M77-70   GROUNDWATER REPORT:   IOWA COAL  PROJECT DEMONSTRATION MINE NO. 1

Sendlein, L. V. A. and Stangl, D. W.,  Iowa State  University,  Energy & Mineral
Resources Research Institute,  Coal Project,  IS-ICP-58 (June  1977).  99 pp.+  A
29-statloti groundwater monitoring system was installed at  the Iowa Coal
Project Demonstration Mine Number One  located ten miles southwest of
Oskaloosa,  Iowa,  to measure  groundwater  level fluctuations and to monitor
groundwater chemical changes.  Water level data was used to  indicate the
extent of dewatering of surrounding  "aquifers"  near active mining cuts, and to
detect the rate of return  of groundwater into the reclaimed  portions of the
mine.  Findings show that  water  table  lowering  outside the active mining area
is confined  to the north hill  area  in  the coals and sands  and gravel, no
significant  acid  plume has been  generated after a year and one half of mining,
and  groundwater recharge to reclaimed  mine cuts is  slow.  (From authors'
abstract)   ICP( CE271

M77-71    ELECTROSIOCHEMICAL NEUTRALIZATION OF ACID MINE WATER

Sisler,  F.  D., Senftle,  F. E., and  Skinner,  J.  (U.S.  Geological  Survey), J.
Water Pollution Control  Federation 4£ (3),  369-374 (March Part One,  1977).   In
this process,  activity  of  anaerobic  sulfur reducing bacteria is  combined with
electrochemical activity of a  cell  with one  electrode  in anaerobic mud and  the
other  in  acid  water.   Sulfate  is reduced to hydrogen sulfide which  is  then
ionized  and the sulfide  ion oxidized to elemental  sulfur at one  electrode.   At
the  other  electrode,  hydroxyl  ions  are formed  and  combine with hydrogen  ions
from the  sulfur ionization.  Laboratory operation  is described and  its
application to field conditions is discussed.  Jour, CE235

K77-72   CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF ACID MINE DRAINAGE  WATERS WITH PHOSPHATE
          MINERALS

 Smith, M,  J.>  Halle,  D.  K., Cox, M.  F., and Huntsman,  B.  E.  (Wright  State
 University), American Chemical Society, Division of  Environmental Chemistry,


                                       61

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 M77-72   (continued)

 New Orleans,  La., March 20-25, 1977.  4 pp.  In laboratory studies of
 synthetic acid mine water treated with rock phosphate and lime, ferrous  iron
 was effectively removed as a dense, heavily-flocked precipitate.  CE184

 M77-73   SOLVING DIFFICULT SETTLING PROBLEMS:  A SCIENTIFIC APPROACH

 Bituminous Coal Research, Inc., Research Report (undated, issued 1977).   2 pp.
 This leaflet  describes the use of zeta potential measurements for determining
 the amount and type of coagulant to add to a suspension to promote settling.
 CE267

 M77-74   FACTORS INVOLVED IN THE RESISTANCE OF BROOK TROUT (SALVELIKUS
          FONTINALIS) TO SULFURIC ACID SOLUTIONS AND MINE ACID POLLUTED WATERS

 Swarts,  F.  A.,  The Pennsylvania State University,  M.S. Thesis, 1977.  141 pp.
 NTIS,  PB-282  102.   Several strains  of hatchery-reared brook trout were used in
 laboratory and  field tests and wild trout were also used in field tests.
 Pronounced strain differences in survival ability  were detected among
 embryonic,  juvenile, and adult brook trout in laboratory tests, and among
 juvenile  trout  In field teats.  Fish had longer resistance times in sulfuric
 acid solutions  or in mine-acid polluted water if they were previously held in,
 respectively,  control laboratory water or in non-acidic field environments.
 Wild brook trout survived longer at lethal field pH levels than hatchery  fish,
 even if  the hatchery fish were held in non-acidic  field environments prior to
 testing.   Fish  had shorter resistance times in field tests in mine-acid waters
 than in  laboratory tests with sulfuric acid solutions of comparable pR.
 Larger and  older fish tended to survive longer although size was not strongly
 correlated  with resistance times within narrow size categories of equal aged
 fish.  There were  no differences between the sexes In survival times at low pH
 levels.   The most  important  factors in enhancement of acid resistance of a
 given  strain and in the acclimation of fish to stream or laboratory conditions
 of  control  pH prior to  acid  exposure.  (Adapted from author's abstract)  CE550

 M77-75   PRIORITY POLLUTANT  EFFLUENT STANDARDS AND THE COAL INDUSTRY

 TelHard, W. A.  (U.S. EPA, Effluent Guidelines Division),  Coal Mine Drainage
 Research,  Seventh  Symposium  Preprints, Louisville, Ky.,  by National Coal
 Association and  Bituminous Coal Research,  Inc., Oct.  18-20,  1977.   pp 1-4.
 EPA  is required  to develop effluent limitation guidelines, new source
 performance standards,  and pretreatment  rules  for  21 industries in response to
 a law  suit  filed  by several  environmental  groups.   Also  established in the
 court  order are  criteria  and  a schedule  for the accomplishment of  the
 regulations. The  regulations  are  to be set  up  industry by  industry,  rather
 than pollutant by  pollutant,  and  coal  mining is among  the  industries to  be
studied.   After  identifying  the  priority pollutants,  EPA has  to prepare  an in
depth  pollutant  profile of the consequent  ecological  and environmental health
effects.   Additional  information  will  come  from EPA18  Office  of Research and
Development, Office of  Toxic  Substances, and the Office  of Pesticide Programs.
To keep tract of the multiple  activities,  regular  reports  will be  given by


                                      62

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M77-75   (continued)

the project officers on  their  activities.   To  fufill  the obligations of the
agreement with the environmental  group,  EPA will  periodically brief the
Natural Resource Defense Council  of  ongoing studies.   628.2 C652,  CE729

M77-76   THE IMPLICATIONS  OF SURFACE AND SUBSURFACE MINING POLICY  FOR
         GROUNDWATER PROTECTION  IN  PENNSYLVANIA

Thompson, D. R. (Pennsylvania  Department of Environmental Resources, Division
of Mine Drainage Control and Reclamation),  Water  & Sewage Works 124 (12),
70-71 (1977).  Pennsylvania policies are based on the Clean Streams Act and
the Surface Mining Conservation  and  Reclamation Act which require  drainage and
waste-disposal plans with  the  application for  a permit to operate  a coal mine.
Studies being conducted  by the Bureau of Surface  Mine Reclamation  Include
determination of the general quality of  ground water, coal stratigraphy, types
of pyrite present  in overburden,  and the Investigation of the complex
hydrology of the Anthracite Coal  Fields-  CE662

M77-77   TOXIC EFFECTS ON  THE  AQUATIC BIOTA FROM COAL AND OIL SHALE
         DEVELOPMENT.  PROGRESS  REPORT—YEAR 2 (JULY  1976-JUNE 1977)

Thurston, R. V., Skogerboe, R. K.,  and Russo,  R.  C.,  Colorado State
University, Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory,  Internal Project  Report No.
13 (Nov. 1977).  58 pp.  Results  of studies being carried out at the Edna Mine
on Trout Creek, Colorado,  and  at  the Decker Mine  near the Tongue River,
Montana, are summarized.   Preliminary data show that  the most significant
change  resulting from  surface  mining in the study area is an increase  in total
dissolved solids,  although the iocvic compositions of  the drainage and
receiving waters are quite similar.   CE556

M77-7B   AQUATIC  INSECT  DIVERSITY AND BIOMASS  IN AN STREAM MARGINALLY  POLLUTED
         BY  ACID  STRIP MINE DRAINAGE

Tomklewicz,  S. M.,  Jr. and Dunson,  W. A. (The  Pennsylvania State University,
Department of  Biology),  Water  Research  11, 397-402 (1977).   The study  site,
Upper Three  Runs and an  acid  feeder, is in Clearfield County,  Pennsylvania,
and  is  a tributary  to  the  West Branch,  Susquehanna River.  Biological  sampling
and  pH  readings  were carried  out at five sites approximately weekly from mid-
June  Co mid-July.   Diversity  and biomass were  significantly  depressed  below
the  acid feeder  stream,  but recovered somewhat downstream.   pH of  the  acid
stream  ranged  from 3.00  to 3.35, pH at  the control station was greater than  6,
and  pH  increased  at downstream stations, but  did not recover too much  more
than  pH 5.   CE332

M77-79   U.S.  COURT UPHOLDS DRAINAGE DECREE

Coal Age 8_2_ (11),  23 (Nov. 1977).   The  U.S. Supreme  Court  upheld the ruling  of
the  Pennsylvania Supreme Court that  required  Barnes  & Tucker to continue to
control and treat drainage from  a mine  that had  been closed  in 1969 in
compliance with existing law.   The  history of the  case  is summarized.   Jour,
CE156a

                                       63

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 M77-80   UNDERGROUND MINE DRAINAGE  CONTROL:   SNOWY CREEK-LAUREL RUN,  WEST
          VIRGINIA FEASIBILITY STUDY

 Baker-Wibberley & Associates, Inc., Report  to U.S.  EPA,  Industrial
 Environmental Research Center, Cincinnati,  Ohio,  Environmental  Protection
 Technology Series EPA-600/2-77-114  (June  1977).   142  pp.   The  study area, near
 Terra Alta, West Virginia, on the Maryland  border,  contributes  acid to  the
 Youghiogheny River.  The method recommended  to  reduce the  drainage  from the
 Lima and Banner Mines was to increase the size  of  the mine  pools by the use of
 continuous clay core dams, a mine-pool level-control  lake,  and  moveable wall
 bulkhead seals.  Also included in the report are  estimates  of capital and
 operating costs, mine production records, and results of water  analyses
 carried out during the study.  CE329

 M77-81   UNIQUE AUTOMATIC WATER-TREATMENT PLANT AT  SILVERDALE COLLIERY

 The Mining Engineer 136 (194), 569-570 (July 1977).   The process is described.
 The water is treated with lime,  the sludge  thickened  with aid of
 polyelectrolyte, and filtered.  The filter cake, whose composition  is given,
 is disposed of on the tip.  While the effluent  has  iron concentration within
 required limits, the dissolved solids' content  is approximately 2,500 ppm.
 Jour, CE406

 M77-82   STRIP MINING AND HYDROLOGIC ENVIRONMENT ON BLACK MESA

 Verma, T. R.,  in "Reclamation and Use of Disturbed Land in  the  Southwest,"  j.
 L.  Thames,  Ed.,  Tucson:   University of Arizona  Press,  1977.  pp 161-166.   The
 objective of this paper is to evaluate the results of  studies being carried
 out on the Black Mesa by the School of Renewable Natural Resources, University
 of Arizona, in cooperation with  the Peabody Coal Company.   The  area has  been
 inventoried for its  biological,  geological and  hydrological characteristics
 and sparse  historical climatic data have been augmented by more detailed
 meteorological measurements.   A  5.5 acre watershed on  the regraded  mined  land
 and a similar  one on a nearby unmined  site have been instrumented to study
 surface  runoff,  infiltration and  water quality.   Impacts of strip mining  of
 coal  on  the  hydrologic  environment  of  a semlarid region are different  from
 those in the humid east.   Reclamation  practices  should be aimed at  erosion
 control  and  on-site  conservation  of precipitation.  There seems to  be  no
 permanent  Impact  of  strip mining  on water quality  if the disturbed  lands  are
 rehabilitated  and effective  vegetation cover is  established.  (From author's
 introduction and  Conclusion)   631 T3,  CE391

 M77-83   WATER POLLUTION  FROM DRAINAGE AND RUNOFF  OF WASTEWATER FROM COAL
          STORAGE  AREAS

 Wachter,  R.  A.  (Monsanto Research Corporation),  Coal Mine Drainage  Research,
 Seventh  Symposium Preprints,  Louisville,  Ky., by National Coal Association  and
 Bituminous  Coal  Research,  Inc., Oct.  18-20,  1977,   pp 185-193,   A study of  the
water  pollution potential of  coal stockpiles maintained outdoors at  production
and user  sites was conducted  under  EPA Contract  No.  68-02-1874  and   is  briefly
described.  These  storage piles are  sources  of polluted effluents due  to the
drainage, and  runoff of wastewater  which  occurs  during and  after

                                     64

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M77-83   (continued)

precipitation.  This study quantified  the  effluent  levels from these sources
by examining coals (both freshly mined  and aged)  from six coal regions of the
U.S.  Data were obtained by  placing  these  coals beneath a rainfall simulator
and collecting grab samples  of  the drainage.   These samples were analyzed for
organic and Inorganic  substances and for water quality indicators.  (From
author's introduction)  628.2 C652,  CE742

M77-84   PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL, AND BIOLOGICAL RELATIONS OF FOUR PONDS IN THE
         HIDDEN WATER  CREEK  STRIP-MINE  AREA,  POWDER RIVER BASIN, WYOMING

Wangsness, D. J., U.S.  Geological Survey,  Water Resources Division, Cheyenne,
Wyoming, USGS/WRD/WRI-77/072 (July 1977).   A3 pp.   OTIS, PB-273 512.  Two
ponds near the mined area were  compared to two ponds outside the mine
boundary*  The surface-mine  ponds had much lower  light penetration and
dissolved oxygen concentration, and  generally greater dissolved solids and
greater population of  rooted plants  than controls.   A listing of the dominant
groups of organisms found in the biological study indicated that the surface-
mine ponds had better  water  quality  than the  controls, but evaluation of the
diversity of the organisms in the ponds showed that the control ponds had more
diverse and more stable populations  indicating better water quality than the
surface-mine ponds.  US Geol, CE176

M77-85   ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION BY  TRACE  ELEMENTS IN COAL PREPARATION WASTES

Williams, J. M., Wewerka, E. M., Vanderborgh, N.  E., Wagner, P., Wanek, P. L.,
and Olsen, J. D. (Los  Alamos Scientific Laboratory), Coal Mine Drainage
Research, Seventh Symposium  Preprints,  Louisville, Ky., by National Coal
Association and Bituminous Coal Research,  Inc., Oct. 18-20, 1977.  pp 51-60.
Illinois-Basin coal-preparation wastes  containing a multitude of leachable
elements were subjected to column and  static leaching studies.  Data for 18
elements are presented here.  Generally these elements occur in the waste
leachates at levels related  to  their occurrence in the waste.  Closer
inspection reveals, however, that some elements are much more leachable than
others.  Thus, for Illinois-Basin waste iron is found to be present in waste
leachate in high amounts, but this amount  represents only a small percentage
of  the total iron in  the waste.  Cobalt and nickel, on  the other hand, are not
very plentiful in the  waste, but  are highly leachable.  Aluminum, a major
constituent of clays  In the  waste, is  very poorly leached.  Oxygen
availability is a prime factor  In  the  production of soluble iron which Is
readily flushed from  the waste.  Particle  size is less  important.   Under damp
conditions and with plenty of air, pyrite  oxides  rapidly.  This latter
situation poses a problem  for  the plant operator, as coal preparation wastes
are discarded damp and remain  so  via rainstorms for long  periods before  they
are covered.  (From authors' sunmary)   628.2 C652, CE733

M77-86   LIMESTONE AND LIME  NEUTRALIZATION OF FERROUS  IRON ACID MINE  DRAINAGE

Wilmoth, R.  C., U.S.  EPA,  Resource  Extraction and Handling Division,  Crown
Mine Drainage Control  Field  Site,  Rivesville, West Virginia,  Report  to U.S.


                                      65

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 M77-86   (continued)

 EPA, Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory, Cincinnati,  Ohio,
 Environmental Protection Technology Series EPA-600/2-77-101  (May  1977).
 105 pp.  In this two-year study, optimization of the limestone  process and  its
 feasibility in comparison with hydrated lime treatment were  investigated.
 Operating parameters, design factors, and reagent costs for  both  processes
 were determined.  Effluent total iron, suspended solids, and turbidity values
 could be maintained below 3 mg/1, 10 mg/1, and 10 JTU, respectively, by  using
 coagulant addition.  The reaction and aeration detention time requirements  for
 the limestone process were two to three times that for the lime process  and
 overshadowed the reagent-usage cost advantage of the limestone process.
 Therefore, although the limestone process was demonstrated to be  technically
 effective, it was judged not to be feasible for general application for
 ferrous iron acid mine drainage.  (Adapted from author's abstract)  CE307

                                     1978

 M78-1    SYSTEM TREATS COAL PILE LEACHATE AND MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER— TOGETHER

 Anderson,  W.  C.  (Pickard and Anderson, Auburn,  New York), Water & Wastes
 Engineering J_5 (3), 28-31 (March 1978).   This paper describes a unique system
 for treating  the leachate from a 12,000 ton coal pile with alkaline boiler
 blowdown water to produce an acceptable effluent.  In the process, the coal
 pile leachate is collected in an equalization/retention tank and  then pumped
 by  precision  chemical feed pumps to a mixing tank through which boiler
 blowdown wastewater flows by gravity.   Automatic controls based on pH match
 the leachate  feed rate to the available alkalinity in the boiler  blowdown. to
 produce a  neutralization effect.  CE676

 M78-2    PUMPS FOR MINE DRAINAGE

 Angles,  J.  and Bryson,  W. (Weir Pumps  Ltd.),  Pumps 138,  98-103 (March 1978).
 The features  of  a horizontal multi-stage pumpset at pit  bottom, a vertical
multi-stage borehole  pumpset,  and a fully submersible electric motor-driven
 pumpset  are described.   Reference is made to  construction materials and
operating  experience  with the  emphasis on submersible pumps.   CE257

M78-3   THE  USE OF GRASS FILTERS FOR  SEDIMENT  CONTROL IN STRIP MINE DRAINAGE.
           VOLUME II.   PREDICTIONS BASED  ON THEORETICAL STUDIES

Barfield,  B.  J. ,  Hayes,  J.  C.,  and Bamhisel, R.  I.,  University of Kentucky,
 Institute  for  Mining  and  Minerals Research,  IMMR39-RRR4-78 (Sept.  1978).   15
pp.   A  steady  state model and  a non-steady state model are presented for
determining  the  sediment  filtration capacity  of  a grass  media and an
artificial grass  filter  respectively,  under  varying flow rates, sediment
loads,  particle  sizes,  flow  durations, channel slopes,  and media density.
Based on laboratory studies,  it  appears  possible to use  the models to predict
the required media  spacing,  channel  slope, and length of media to give a
desired outflow  concentration  for given  flow  conditions.  CE671
                                      66

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M78-4    QUARTERLY REPORT - EXPERIMENTAL  STUDY OF  LEACHATE  FROM STORED SOLIDS
         JUNE 1, 1977 TO JANUARY  1, 1978

Boegly, W. J., Jr., Arora, H. S.,  Davis,  E.  C.,  Rao,  R.  G.  S.,  and Wilson, H.
W., Jr., Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Environmental Sciences  Division,
ORNL/TM-6304 (Jan. 1978).  29 pp.  KTIS,  ORNL/TM-6304,   The basic  aim of  the
program is to determine the environmental acceptability  of  landfilling solid
residues from coal gasification  facilities,  and  also  to  evaluate potential
environmental degradation caused  by leAChate produced by rainfall  on coal
storage piles.  This report outlines  the  program plan, discusses waste types
to be studied, provides details of the  solid-waste leaching studies, describes
existing hydrologlc models that  can be  used  for  predicting  contaminant
movement, describes results of a  literature  review of coal  pile runoff, and
outlines a laboratory and field  program to evaluate coal pile  leachate.   (From
authors' abstract)  CE673

M78-5    EVALUATION OF FACTORS PROMOTING  THE PRESERVATION OF AQUATIC
         ECOSYSTEMS IN RECLAIMED  STRIP  MINE  AREAS

Brenner, F. J., Grove City College, Report to The  Pennsylvania  State
University, Institute for Research on Land and Water  Resources, supported by
U.S. Department of the Interior,  Office of Water Hesources  Research, Deport
No. OWRTA-044-PAU) (Jan. 1978).   136 pp.  NTIS, PB-281  393.  An ecological
survey was conducted in Mercer County,  Pennsylvania,  on  82  different atrip-
vine areas including 132 different aquatic areas located within these lands.
A detailed survey of the water chemistry, plankton population,  algae biomass
and chlorophyll concentration was conducted  on  60  mines  of  various ages.
Seasonal changes In these parameter*  in addition to light and dark bottle
productivity and C-14 uptake studies  were conducted on three aquatic areas
located on the  same mine operation.   The  results of these studies indicate
that the seasonal changes In productivity were  similar between these mines
even though  they differed in pH  and  other chemical parameters.  The
mathematical relationship between phytoplankton populations, algae biovass,
chlorophyll a and C-14 uptake  indicate  that the productivity of these areas
may be predictable within a good degree of confidence.  These unique
ecosystems should be managed in  order to  enhance their potential as fish and
wildlife habitats.  (Author's  abstract)  CE687

M78-6    COLLIERY  SPOIL:  THE  ACID TEST FAILS

Surveyor  152  (4505), 21  (Oct.  5,  1978).  Reported  on  is  the decision to
abandon  the  plan to use  colliery reject as  fill material for a  sand quarry  at
God«tone,  England, because of  the potential groundwater pollution that might
result.  CE717

M78-7     EFFECTS OF SURFACE MINING ON HYDROLOGY, EROSION, AND  SEDIMENTATION IN
         EASTERN KENTUCKY

Curtis,  M. R.  (Northeastern  Forest Experiment Station, Berea,  Kentucky),  In
Proceedings,  Fourth Kentucky  Coal Refuse  Disposal and Utilization Seminar,
Pine Mountain  State Park,  Plneville,  Kentucky,  by University of Kentucky,


                                      67

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 M78-7    (continued)

 Pikeville College, and Harland County Coal  Operators  Association,  June 6-7,
 1978, J« G. Rose, Ed., Lexington: University of  Kentucky,  Office of Research
 and  Engineering Services (Dec.  1978).   pp  17-19.   Forest  Service  research
 projects to obtain data on effects of surface mining  on  water  shed hydrology
 are reviewed.  Results indicating increased water  retention in spoils, and the
 success of using impoundment and revegetation to control erosion and
 sedimentation are discussed.  631 K3 1978,  CE844c

 M78-8    A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE ON LEACHATES FROM COAL STORAGE PILES

 Davis, E. C. and Boegly, W.  J., Jr., Vanderbilt  University,  Report to U.S.
 DOE, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak  Ridge, Tennessee,  ORNL/TM-6186 (Jan.
 1978).  36 pp.  This report is an assessment of  existing Information on coal
 pile leachate.  The assessment indicates that few  detailed studies have been
 conducted to date, and these are limited and the results are highly variable.
 More detailed long-range studies using various types  of  coal are recommended.
 These studies should be carried out both in the  laboratory and  in  field-scale
 experiments.  (From authors' abstract)   DOE-ORNL,  CE677

 M78-9    DEPENDABLE SUBMERSIBLE PUMPS DEWATER THREE KAISER MINES

 Coal Mining and Processing J3 (2), 74-76 (Feb. 1978).  One and  a half million
 gallons of water per day are removed from the working  faces  of  three
 contiguous mines in Utah.   The water is used in  the mines  for dust  suppression
 and on the surface  to supply 95 percent of  the preparation plant requirements
 and to irrigate a golf  course and a baseball field.  Jour, CE652

 M78-10   ASSESSMENT OF  WATER QUALITY IMPACTS OF  A  WESTERN  COAL  MINE

 Dettmann,  E.  H.  and Olsen,  R.  D.  (Argonne National Laboratory),  in
 "Reclamation of Disturbed  Arid Lands,"  R. A. Wright,  Ed.,  Albuquerque:
 University  of  New Mexico Press,  1978.   pp 53-67.   This paper describes  the
 interim results  of  a study of the effects of surface mining  on  Goose  Creek  and
 the Tongue  River  in the Powder River basin of  Wyoming.  The  study showed that
 water  quality  changes in the vicinity of the Big Horn Mine,  which had  been  in
 operation  for  more  than 20 years,  were  within  the range of  analytical
 precision  and  also  within  the  range  of  background variations.  Larger  changes
 were  found  in  water  quality  upstream from the  mining because of the  impact  of
 intensive  agricultural  activity.   CE547

 M78-11   DEWATERING  DRIFTS IN  NEW U.K.  COAL MINE  DEVELOPMENT

 Mining  Journal 290  (7443), 275  (April  14, 1978).   This short article discusses
 a system of  dewatering  comprising  both  verticle  we11points  and deep wells to
maintain effective ground-water control  while  the alluvial  section of drifts
 are driven.  CE680
                                      68

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M78-12   RECOVERY OF SANITARY-INDICATOR  BACTERIA  FROM  STREAMS  CONTAINING ACID
         MINE WATER

Double, M. L., Savio, J. A., and Bissonnette,  G.  K., West  Virginia  University
Bulletin, Series 78, No. 10-7 (April  1978).  West Virginia University,  Water
Research Institute, Information Report  11, WRI-WVU-78-02  (1978).   30 pp.
Quantitative and qualitative bacteriological studies were  conducted on  samples
from several points on  the Monongahela  River and  its tributaries  in areas
where the streams are simultaneously  affected  by  acid  mine water  and organic
waste pollution.  Multiple-tube fermentation techniques were found  Co be
preferable to conventional direct membrane filtration  in  recovering
sublethally injured coliforms.  The recovery was  substantially enhanced by th«
inclusion of an enrichment step in the  procedure.   Qualitatively, several
members of the Enterobacteriaceae were  Identified,  and the differences  in the
distribution of members of the species  at various sampling points suggested
that respective members of the species  were affected differently  by acid mine
water.  The relative ease of quantitatively detecting  fecal streptococci from
streams affected by acid mine drainage  indicated  that  this group  should be
considered for use in assessing bacteriological quality of acid streams.
Qualitatively, all members of the fecal  streptococcal  group were  isolated from
the streams affected by acid mine water, with  the exception of Streptococcus
bovis and Streptococcus equlnis.  "Total" plate counts, performed on several
water samples during the summer months,  showed that at Incubation temperatures
of  10, 20, and 35 C there was little  difference in  quantative  detection of
bacteria.  Prolonged incubation of the  "total" bacteria plates gave rise to
chromagenlc colonies, the numbers of  which were found  to  be correlated  with
the relative presence of acid mine water in  the stream.   (Authors'  abstract
adapted)  CE569

M78-13   A WATER-QUALITY ASSESSMENT  OF  THE BUSSERON CREEK WATERSHED, SULLIVAN,
         VIGO, GREENE,  AND ClAX COUNTIES,  INDIANA

Eikenberry, S. E., U.S. Geological Survey,  Indianapolis,  Indiana, in
cooperation with the U.S. Department  of Agriculture,  Soil Conservation
Service, Open-File Report 78-13  (Jan. 1978).   36  pp.   In  September 1975, field
measurements were made  at a  number of sites  of temperature, specific
conductance, dissolved  oxygen, and pH.   Samples collected at representative
sites in November  1975  and in  February, April, and  July 1976 were variously
analyzed for chemical constituents,  nutrients, bacteria,  and phytoplankton.
Stream-bed materials were collected  at  a few sites  to  determine amounts of
chlorinated hydrocarbons and selected trace  elements.   Drainage from coal
mines is evidenced  by higher than normal dissolved-solids concentration, and
in  some  areas,  increases  in  iron  and manganese concentrations and decrease  in
ptU   Problems  from  bacteria  and  phytoplanktan result from municipal drainage.
CE549

M7B-14    COAL  MINE WATER POLLUTION LEGAL AND REGULATORY ISSUES:  A  SURVEY

Fisher,  A.  B.,  Illinois Institute of Natural Resources, Document No. 78/33
(Oct.  1978).   43 pp.   NTIS,  PB-290 918.  Colorado,  Indiana, Kentucky,  Ohio,
Pennsylvania,  West  Virginia, and  Wyoming were surveyed to determine  the  extent


                                      69

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 M78-14   (continued)

 to which these states are experiencing differences  between  their  effluent
 standards and their water quality standards and what,  if  anything,  is  being
 done to resolve differences when they occur.  Complete Information  concerning
 effluent standards and water quality standards are  given  for  each of  these
 states.  IINR, CE725

 M78-15   THE VARIABLE IRON CONTENT OF MINE FLOOD WATER:   IMPLICATIONS  FOR
          SAMPLING AND POLLUTION CONTROL

 Frost,  R. c., Colliery Guardian International 226_ (10), 36-38 (Oct.  1978).
 The author reviews studies in south Durham which show  that  the  iron content of
 pumped  water is influenced by whether the pumping is intermittent or
 continuous, degree of flooding, duration of flooding,  pumping rate,  and
 probably by seasonal factors.  Jour, CE288

 M78-16    VARIATIONS IN THE IRON CONTENT OF SOME OUTCROP WATERS  IN SOUTH  DURHAM

 Frost,  R. C., Colliery Guardian 226^ (5), 233-234 (May  1978).  Three effluents
 from a  mine which has been abandoned and flooded for more than  fifty years  are
 described.   Over  a two-year period, two flows were  found to contain
 relatively low and relatively constant amounts of iron and  sulfate  and the
 third flow was found to have higher iron and sulfate with definite  seasonal
 peak amounts.  The reasons for these differences are discussed.

 M78-17    PRELIMINARY EVALUATION OF FINAL CUT LAKES

 Gibb, J.  P.  and Evans,  R.  L., Illinois State Water  Survey, Circular 130,
 ISWS/CIR-130/78 (1978).   87 pp.   Also published as RECONNAISSANCE STUDY OF
 FINAL CUT IMPOUNDMENTS  Illinois Institute for Environmental Quality, IIEQ
 DOC.  No.  78/25 (June 1978).   101 pp.   Twelve representative final-cut
 impoundments  in four Illinois counties were studied to determine  their volumes
 and  estimated yield  potentials.   Projections of these estimates to other
 Inventoried  final-cut  lakes  were made and presented as county totals.  The
 potential water supply  from  final-cut Impoundments for the 40 surface mining
 counties  in  Illinois range from 0 to  75.66 mgd.   For 10 counties  the estimated
 yield potential from final-cut  impoundments exceeds the estimated 2020 water
 demands.  Two of  the 12  lakes studied have water quality suitable as a source
 for  public water  supply,  three  are  suitable for irrigation and all 12 are
 suitable  for  livestock watering.   (Adapted from authors' abstract)  CE664,
 CE705

M78-18    SELECTED  KYDROLOGIC  DATA,  YAMPA  RIVER BASIN AND PARTS OF THE WHITE
         RIVER BASIN, NORTHWESTERN  COLORADO AND SOUTH-CENTRAL WYOMING

Giles, T. F.  and Brogden,  R.  E.,  U.S.  Geological  Survey, Water Resources
Division, Denver,  Colorado, Open-file  Report  78-23  (Jan.  1978).   91  pp.  This
report contains selected hydrologlc data  from  four  energy-related projects
collected during 1974 and  1975 and  parts of  1976  for 129 ground-water sites
and 119 surface-water sites.  For most  samples, major cations, anions, and
trace metals were  analyzed.   For the  same  time  period,  field measurements of

                                      70

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M7B-18   (continued)

specific conductance, temperature, and  pH were made  on 252 springs and
wells.These sampling sites, as well as  the  locations  of  20 climatological
stations,  18 snow-course sites, and 43  surface-water  gaging stations,  ate
shown on maps.  Geologic units that contain coal  deposits  or supply much of
the water  used for stock and domestic purposes in the area also are shown*
(From authors' abstract)  CE124F

M78-L9   ASSESSMENT OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT  NEEDS AND  PRIORITIES FOR ACID
         MINE DRAINAGE ABATEMENT

Gleason, V- E., Price, A., Boyer, J, f,, Jr., and Ford,  C,  T,,  Bituminous Coal
Research,  Inc., Report to U.S. Bureau of Mines,  Office of  the Assistant
Director—Mining, BCR-L-822, BuMlneB-OFR-44-78  (Feb.  1978).  169 pp.  NTIS,
FB-282 440/7UP.  A number of recommendations are made for  study and
development of methods of mine drainage abatement.  The recommendations are
based on an in depth study of mine drainage research, laboratory and field
studies of methods of preventing  or minimizing acid  mine drainage formation,
and on review of the geological,  hydrological, and mineralogical factors
involved.  There are 772 references.  (From authors'  abstract)   CE166

H78-20   A SURVEY OF THE MACROFAUMA OF  A COAL-WASTE  POLLUTED LANCASHIRE
         FLUVIAL SYSTEM

Greenfield, J. P. and Ireland, M.  p.  (University College of Wales, Department
of Zoology, Aberystwyth), Environmental Pollution 16 (2),  105-122 (1978).  Ten
stations on the Brun, Don and Calder Rivers in  the~B"urnley area were sampled
monthly from July 1974 to August  1975 to investigate the effects of runoff
from  coal  mine spoils on  the distribution  of aquatic organisms.  Deposits of
iron  compounds on the substrate  and  the presence of  clay and suspended solids
characterized  the condition of  the  sampling sites which supported the least
number of  species.  The  highest  number  of  macroinvertebrate species were
identified at  the unpolluted stations.   CC682

M78-21   RECOVERY OF  INDICATOR  BACTERIA IN ACID MINE STREAMS

Hackneyt C. R. and Bissonnette,  G.  K.  (West Virginia University), J. Water
Pollution  Control Federation _5£ (4),  775-780 (April  1978).  Also published as
West  Virginia  University  Agricultural  Experiment Station, Scientific Paper No.
1455.  Pure cultures  of  three  sanitaryIndicator bacteria in membrane filter
chambers were  exposed  to  the acid waters of small tributaries to the
Monongahela River.  The  two  coliforms  showed rapid die away, and also were
sublethally Injured rapidly  in  acid  streams.  The recovery ratio, comparing
non-selective  to  selective  media counts, was high, indicating that notv-
selcctive  media  would give  faulty results.  Streptococcus  taecalis persisted
much longer  in the  acid  streams than did the coliforms and had  a much  lower
recovery  ratio,  indicating  that selective media could be used  to quantify
fecal streptococci  in streams  containing acid mine water.  Jour, CE656
                                      71

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 M78-22   MICROEROSION  PROCESSES  AND  SLOPE  EROSION ON SURFACE-MINE DUMPS AT
          HENRYETTA, OKLAHOMA

 Haigh, M. J. (University of Chicago,  Department  of Geography),  Oklahoma
 Geology Notes 38_ (3),  87-96 (1978).   Erosion  has been monitored on
 representative slope profiles on two  strip-mine  dump complexes  for a period of
 16 months.  The major  difference  between them is that one  is  nearly 20 years
 old while the other is nearly 53 years old.   The two areas have similar
 morphologies and are unvegetared.  In the  last  12 months of observation,
 erosion was concentrated on the  upper sections of the younger slope and was
 also quite high on the crest and  upper convexity of  the older slope.   Maximum
 erosion on the older slope, however, occurred  on the lower concavity in
 response to slope-foot channel incision.   The younger slope had more erosion
 than the older one, but the loss  converts  to  an  identical  loss  of 200
 tonnes/hectare/year because of the differences in the bulk density of the
 surface spoil on the two sites.   (From author's  Conclusion)   CE833

 M78-23   AQUATIC HABITAT OF COAL AND BENTONITE CLAY  STRIP  MINE  PONDS  IN THE
          NORTHERN GREAT PLAINS

 Hawkes,  C.  L. (Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment  Station),  in
 Proceedings of the International Congress  on Energy  and the Ecosystem,  1978.
 5  pp.   Twenty-one coal strip-mine ponds were  included in this study being
 carried out to provide the basis  for the design  and  management  of strip-nine
 ponds  in the northern Great Plains as high quality aquatic habitats.   Habitat
 conditions  which favor rooted aquatic and  associated  vegetation,  aquatic
 invertebrates,  and waterfowl are of primary importance.   In many  cases  efforts
 will have to be made to reduce the amount of small size particles  on  the  pond
 bottom and  entering the pond from the drainage basin.  Dilute brackish  water
 conditions  can be  expected but should not  significantly affect  the  quality  of
 most impoundments.   (Adapted  from author's  Summary)   CE752

 M78-24   AN EVALUATION OF  THE  APPLICATION OF A DUAL-FUNCTIONAL  FILTER TO
          DEWATERING  NEUTRALIZED  ACID-MINE-WATER SLUDGE

 Henry,  J. D.,  Jr.  and Kuo,  C.  H.  A.,  West Virginia University Bulletin, Series
 78,  No.  10-6  (April  1978).   West  Virginia University, Water Research
 Institute,  Information  Report  10, WRI-WVU-78-01 (1978).   55 pp.  The  dual-
 functional  filter, constructed from a flexible porous hose, includes a
 filtration  and  dump  cycle  where  settling  occurs.   A design equation developed
 for  the  filter  facilitated  data  interpretation and assessment  of the
 feasibility of  the process.  Alternatives for  integrating   the  dual-functional
 filter with acid-mlne-water-treatment  processes were evaluated.   Economic
evaluation of the costs of  a clarifier-filter  sequence was  used to determine
 the optimum extent of dewatering  prior to filtration. The  optimum interstage-
slurry concentration between the  clarlfier  and the dual-functional filter for
the base case is 0.6 wt. percent.   Economic sensitivity  analyses illustrate
the effect of changes in the fractional redispersion of  the filter cake, cycle
time and hose life.  The labor cost is approximately 70  percent  of the total
treatment cost for the  base case.   (Authors' abstract adapted)  CE557
                                      72

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M78-25   THE EFFECTS OF LIME NEUTRALIZATION  OF  ACID MINE DRAINAGE  ON STREAM
         ECOLOGY

HerricJta, E. E. (1) and Cairns, J.,  Jr.  (2)  [(1)  University of  Illinois and
(2) Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University],  in "Proceedings of
the 32ud Industrial Waste Conference, May  10,  11  and 12,  1977,  Purdue
University, Lafayette, Indiana," Ann Arbor,  Michigan:   Ann Arbor  Science
Publishers, Inc., 1978.  pp 477-486.  In 1965 an  automatic lime-neutralization
plant was put into operation on Little Scrubgrass  Creek,  Venango  County,
Pennsylvania.  Effluent from the treatment plant,  which was situated
downstream from a number of sources  of acid  mine  drainage, carried aluminum
hydroxide floe into the stream so  that although the acid was neutralized
biological recovery was impeded.   Summaries  of  the results of water Duality
analyses and biological surveys of the stream are given.  628.2 1323, CE640

M78-26   COAL PILE LEACHATE

Hill, G. F. (Gilbert/Commonwealth, Reading,  Pennsylvania), Industrial Coal
Conference, Lexington, Kentucky, by  University  of Kentucky, April 26-27, 1978.
6 pp.  Leachate from stockpiled coal is  characterized and a summary of data
from surveys of 11 steam-electric  power  plants  is given.  The design and
management of the stockpile to reduce the  need  for chemical and physical
treatment of the leachate are described.  662.6 I42k

M78-27   ACID MINE DRAINAGE AND SUBSIDENCE:   EFFECTS OF INCREASED COAL
         UTILIZATION

Hill, &• D' and Bates, E. R. , U.S.  EPA,  Industrial Environmental  Research
Laboratory, Cincinnati, Ohio, Environmental  Protection Technology Series
EPA-600/2-78-068  (April 1978).  30 pp.   NTIS, PB-281 092/7BE.  The increases
above 1975 levels for  acid mine drainage and subsidence for the years 196S and
2000 based on projections of current mining  trends and the National Energy
Plan are presented.  No increases  are projected for acid mine drainage from
surface mines or waste since enforcement under present laws should control
this problem.  The increase in acid  mine drainage from underground mines is
projected to be 16 percent by  1985 and  10  percent by 2000.  The smaller
increase in 2000 over  1985 reflects  the  impact  of the PL 95-87  abandoned mine
program-  Mine subsidence is projected  to  increase by 34 and 115 percent
respectively for  1985  and 2000.  This estimate assumes that subsidence will
parallel the rate of underground coal  production  and that no new subsidence
control measures are adopted to mitigate subsidence occurrence.  (Authors'
abstract)  CE565

M78-28   ECONOMIC IMPACT OF DISSOLVED  SOLIDS REGULATION UPON THE COAL MINING
         INDUSTRY  (R76-7)

Huff, L. L. and Jarrell, G. A.,  Illinois Institute of Environmental  Quality,
Document Mo.  77/28  (Nov.  1977).   134 pp.  NTIS, PB-280 499.  Water collected
during mining  is  subject in  Illinois to  effluent  limitations in regard  to  such
parameters  as  iron, pH,  lead,  zinc, fluoride, suspended solids, nitrogen and
acid.   Because enforcement of  the  dissolved solids regulation results in
increased  costs of operation,  the  mining industry  is seeking relief  from

                                      73

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 M78-28   (continued)

 compliance.  A review of the existing dischargers affected  by  this  regulation
 and the magnitude of the problem is first presented as background.  Then  the
 range of costs incurred by the coal mining industry is examined,  and  the
 impact of such costs on the price, output, and employment in the  coal  industry
 is described.  The benefits are then compared to the costs  of  regulation
 associated with a total dissolved solids regulation for the coal  mining
 industry.  (From authors' Introduction)  R1007aF

 M78-29   MEIOFAUNAL ABUNDANCE IN SANDBARS OF ACID MINE POLLUTED,  RECLAIMED,
          AND UNPOLLUTED STREAMS IN SOUTHEASTERN OHIO

 Hummon, W.  D., Evans, W. A., Hummon, M. R., Doherty, F. G., Walnberg,  R.  H.,
 and Stanley, W. S. (Ohio University, Department of Zoology  and Microbiology)
 in "Energy and Environmental Stress in Aquatic Systems," J. H. Thorp  and  J.
 W. Gibbons, Eds., Selected papers from a symposium held at  Augusta, Georgia,
 Nov.  2-4, 1977, sponsored by Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of
 Georgia, Institute of Ecology,  U.S. DOE, Assistant Secretary for  Environment,
 and Savannah River National Environmental Research Park, U.S. DOE,  Technical*
 Information Center, CONF-771114 (1978).  pp 188-203.  In October  and  November
 1976,  a collection was made at  each of two sites along seven streams  in
 Athens, Vinton, and Hocking counties, Ohio, during a period of stable  weather.
 Streams were chosen to include  watersheds with no mining and with varying
 histories of mining and reclamation.  In a dendrogram of S  ' similarity
 analysis, the unpolluted streams along with several sites with a  past  history
 of mining formed an eight- site complex, showing H' taxon diversity values of
 1.6 to 2.8 with 40 to 80% in common.  The remaining sites, all with a  past
 history of  mining, formed two groups.  One group of four sites, dominated by
 rotifers, snowed H1  values of 1.2 to 1.6 with 36 to 52% in common.  The second
 group  of two sites,  dominated by nematodes, showed H1  values of 1.3 to 1.5
 with 46% in common.   (From authors' abstract)  CE823

 M78-30   ABATEMENT OF ACID MINE DRAINAGE BY INHIBITION OF THIQBACILLUS
          FERROOXIDANS

 Kleinmann,  R.  L.  p.,  Crerar,  D.  A., and Mohring,  E.  H.  (Princeton University,
 Department  of  Geological and  Geophysical Sciences),  Association of Engineering
 Geologists,  Annual Meeting,  Oct.  18,  1978.   10 pp.   The role of Thiobacillus
 ferrooxidana  in  acid  mine  drainage  formation  at  three  pH levels Is explained.
 Detergents  were  successfully  used  as acid-formation inhibitors at sites in
 Ohio,  West  Virginia,  and Pennsylvania.   Since detergents  are very soluble,
 research continues on finding a method for releasing them slowly at the site.
 CE714

M78-31    REDUCING  ACID MINE DRAINAGE THROUGH  INHIBITION OF THIOBACILLUS
          FERROOXIDANS BY CONTROLLED RELEASE OF ANIONIC  DETERGENTS

Kleinmann, R. L. p.,  Crerar,  D. A.,  and  Mohring, E.  H.,  Princeton University,
Department of Geological and  Geophysical  Sciences  (undated,  prepared 1978).
(19 PP')  A bacterium, Thiobacillus  ferrooxidans, accelerates pyrite oxidation
and thereby plays an  important  role  in  the problem of acid mine drainage.

                                     74

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M78-31   (continued)

Aniemic detergents were tested  as  a  means  of  inhibiting T_.  ferrooxidans in
laboratory simulations of a coal mine  or refuse  pile  environment.   Detergent
concentrations greater than 10  ppm decreased  acidity  and iron values; a
minimum concentration of  25 ppm was  required  to  reduce these values to
approximately that of sterile controls.  Controlled release formulations were
tested aa a potential method of inexpensively adding  detergent to  rainfall
infiltration over a time  period of months  or  years.  Field  testing of the
method on actual mine sites indicate that  significant reductions of acidity
are possible at low cost.  (Authors' abstract)   CE713

M70-32   IMPACT OF MINE DRAINAGE ON  A  MOUNTAIN STREAM IN PENNSYLVANIA

Letterman, R. D. and Mitsch, W. J. (Illinois  Institute of Technology,
Pritzker Department of Environmental Engineering),  Environmental Pollution _T7
(1), 53-73 (1978).  Physicochemical  parameters and  fish and benthic
macroinvertebrate community structure  were studied  in Ben's Creek, located
just south of Johnstown.   Sampling stations were located upstream  and
downstream of coal mine drainage  in  an otherwise unpolluted stream.  Due to an
alkaline discharge and significant upstream alkalinity the  pH below the mine
discharges remained between 6.5 and  8.  The major factor affecting the benthic
community and fish population appeared to  be ferric hydroxide deposition.  The
blomass of macroinvertebrates decreased from approximately  I4g wet wt/m  above
the discharges to 0.1-1.5g wet  wt/m  within the area of iron deposition.
Invertebrate diversity decreased  significantly at the discharge but recovered
to 75% of upstream values.  The low  but constant-temperature discharge from
the mine may have enhanced the  diversity recovery.   The standing crop of fish
decreased from approximately  228  to  11 kg/ha.  Benthic fishes such as sculpin
and suckers were  the groups most  affected.  (From authors'  abstract)  CE634

M78-33   EVALUATION OF  THE VOLUMES AND CHARACTERISTICS OF MINE WASTE EFFLUENTS
         OF THREE  STRIP MINE  LOCALITIES IN EASTERN KENTUCKY AND THEIR
         POTENTIAL  ENVIRONMENTAL  IMPACTS

Leung,  S.  S.  and  Hester,  N.  C., Eastern Kentucky University,  Final Report,
Covering the  Period  of  Jan.  1,  1976  through June 30,  1977,  to Argonne National
Laboratory, Research  Contract  No.  31-109-38-3375,  Jan.  1978.  (297 pp.)  The
three  study  sites in  the  Hazard Coal-Reserve District  are  all either on  the
North  Fork of  the Kentucky River, or on a  tributary  to  the  North  Fork.   One
site  is  in Breathitt  County,  one  in Perry  County,  and  the  third,  where  the
study  was of  the  shortest duration,  in Letcher County.  The report describee
the  stratigraphy  of  the  coal  beds,  the soils, and  site  characteristics,  and
gives  results of  analyses of  overburden, coals, and  water  samples  from mine
effluents  and  receiving streams.  Only at  th« site In  Perry County,  where  the
 relatively  high sulfur Hazard  #9  coal was  being mined,  was acid drainage a
potential  problem.   Increases  in  chemical  parameters in mine  effluents  were
 reduced as mining ended and the sites were reclaimed.   Sediment was  judged to
b« much note  of a problem than degradation of  the  chemical quality of  the
waters*  It  was also concluded that using  settling ponds to remove sediment
was not a satisfactory control method in  the  hilly terrain of eastern
 Kentucky.   CE546

                                       75

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 M78-34   MODEL  STATE  PROGRAM FOR CONTROL AND PREVENTION OF WATER POLLUTION
          FROM SURFACE MINES

 Ohio River Valley  Water  Sanitation  Commission Ad  Hoc  Work Group on Mine
 Drainage Control,  Dec. 1978.   15 pp.   This  second report in & series of model
 programs developed  by ORSANCO is composed of three  elements:  1) preplanning
 to insure proper functioning  of  new mines,  2) control of active nine
 operations to assure that  the approved  plan is followed during the active life
 of the mine, and 3) post-mining  control  to  provide  satisfactory reclamation
 and maintenance of  abandoned  mines.  The  program  delineates the extent of
 legal authority necessary  for conducting an effective control program and
 professional expertise required  to  implement  such a program.  (From Summary of
 the Report)  CE686

 M78-35   ROTATING-DISC BIOLOGICAL OXIDATION OF FERROUS IRON IN ACID MINE
          DRAINAGE  TREATMENT

 Olem, H., The Pennsylvania State University,  Ph.D.  Thesis,  1978.   168 pp.
 University Microfilms Int., No.   79-02635.   At three  coal mining locations,
 Hawk Run, and Hollywood, Pennsylvania and Crown,  West  Virginia, treatment of
 six,  heterogeneous mine waters was  investigated in  experiments with pilot-
 scale (0.5 m diameter) and prototype (2.0 m)  rotating  biological contactor
 (RBC) units.   Fe(II) oxidation efficiency was  an  average 10 percent lower with
 the 2.0 m than with the 0.5 m RBC under equivalent  conditions with homologous
 mine  drainage.  In experiments with synthetic  mine  drainage,  Fe(II) oxidation
 in Che bench-scale RBC was improved by supplementation with natural mine
 drainage.   Examination of solids samples removed  from  disc  surfaces of  the 0.5
 m RBC operating at Hollywood, Pennsylvania  revealed the  presence  of iron-
 oxidizing and heterotrophic bacteria in a gelatinous,  iron-containing matrix.
 A gelatinous  surface covering was not seen  on  the disc  surfaces in field
 experiments  at Hawk Run,  Pennsylvania, where Fe(II) oxidation efficiency  was
 10 to 20 percent less  than at other locations.  Heterotrophic  bacteria
 recovered from mine water and disc solids may  produce  the gelatinous  film.
 Neutralization of  RBC  effluent and separation  of precipitated  iron  solids must
 be applied in a  complete  treatment scheme to produce water of a  suitable
 quality  for  stream-release.  (From author's abstract)  CE284aF

 M78-36  MICROBIAL SULFUR CYCLE ACTIVITY AT A WESTERN COAL  STRIP MINE

 Olion, G. J.  and McFetere, G. A., Montana State University, Montana University
 Joint  Water Resources  Research Center,  MUJWRRC Report  No. 98  (Nov.  1978).
 79 pp.   NTIS,  PB-291 722/7WN.   Also  submitted by G.  J. Olson as  "Aspects  of
 Microbial Sulfur Cycle Activity at a Western Coal  Strip Mine," Montana State
 University, Ph.D.  Thesis, June 1978.  The activity of certain groups of sulfur
 cycle  bacteria associated with waters,  sediments,  and the coal  bearing strata
 of a  coal strip  mine at Decker, Montana, was studied.   Thiobaclllus
 ferrooxidans,  one of the  major contributors  to acid mine drainage, was
 consistently  detected  in  the  mining  environment.  Since  1) acidic conditions
 were never observed at Decker, 2) the  isolates died off in mine water
 environments, and 3) no acid  could be  formed from  coal samples  inoculated with
 a  T. ferrooxidans isolate,  it  was thought  that their activity was limited to
microzones in the coal bearing strata where  they oxidized aulfuric material.

                                     76

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M78-36   (continued)

Sulfate reducing bacteria also were common  in  the mine  waters  and  sediments*
These organisms were particularly active in the  settling  pond  sediments  as was
evidenced by the rapid rate of conversion of radiolabeled sulfate  to sulfide.
The hydrogen sulfide produced by these organisms contributed  to  heavy metal
precipitation In the settling pond.  (From  authors'  abstract)  CE698

M78-37   SUBMERSIBLE PUMPS FOR MINE DRAINAGE

Orton, D. J. (FLYGT Pumps Ltd.), Pumps 138, 93-95  (March  1978).   Although this
article focuses on a specific brand of commercially  available  pumps, a concise
discussion is provided of the general  problems that  may be encountered when
pumping mine water and the way the design and  construction of  the  submersible
pump helps to overcome them.  Some of  the pumping  arrangements used and the
development of the submersible pump are  also discussed.   R927

M78-38   PRECIPITATION OF IRON RELATED COLOR BODIES

Paul, S. N. (to Chemed Corporation), U.S. Patent 4,071,450 (Jan. 31, 1978).
3 pp.  The inventor claims a method of clarifying  iron waste  waters containing
suspended iron-containing particles.   The process  comprises adding an
effective amount of basic dyes such as methylene blue, methyl violet, or
malachite green and the  like, alone or in combination with organic or
inorganic additives, and recovering a  clarified correspondingly blue or green
tinted water.  (Abstract of the  disclosure  adapted)   CE712

M78-39   MINE DRAINAGE PROBLEMS  IN  NORTH DERBYSHIRE

peters, T. W., The Mining Engineer  137  (200),  463-473 (March 1978).  Removing
water from working mines in the  area  and minimizing infiltration Is
complicated by numerous  pathways for  surface water and by connections between
mines and from seam to seam where mines  have been  closed  down.  The author
describes the geohydrology of a  number of mines in the area and the
performance of pumping stations  in  dealing  with the problems of water
handling.   Some of  the discharges  contain iron, sulfate,  and acid from pyrite
oxidation and must  be  treated.   Jour,  CE645

M78-40   SOME RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN STRIPMINING AND GROUNDWATER

phelps,  L.  B.  (The  Pennsylvania  State University), Earth and Mineral  Sciences
47  (9),  65-68  (June 1978).   Briefly discussed are the potentials for
grbundwater  pollution  or depletion that  might result  from  surface mining  and
the need for knowledge of the groundwater  regime during mine preplanning.
PSU,  CE811

M78-41   A  TWO-ELEMENT CERAMIC SENSOR FOR  MATRIC POTENTIAL AND  SALINITY
         MEASUREMENTS

Scholl,  D.  G.  (Rocky  Mountain Forest and Range Experiment  Station,
Albuquerque,  New Mexico), Soil Science  Society  of America  Journal _4_2_ (3),


                                      77

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 M78-41   (continued)

 429-432 (May-June 1978).  A two-element ceramic  sensor was  developed  to
 produce optimum electrical response both to Boil water matrie  potential and
 salinity.  A spring-loaded housing was developed for  the elements  for either
 drill-hole or pit-face placement.  The sensors were calibrated under  various
 metric potential, salinity, and temperature conditions.  An initial field  test
 with 72 sensors was conducted under irrigated coal mine spoil  conditions.
 Laboratory and field results indicated reasonable instrument precision over a
 wide range of matric potential and salinity.  The correlation  between sensor
 output and water content in the field was best where  the mean  of several
 sensors was used.  (Author's abstract)  R933

 M78-42   REDUCING WATER LEAKAGE INTO UNDERGROUND COAL MINES BY AQUIFER
          DEWATERING

 Schubert, J.  P. (Argonne National Laboratory, Energy  and Environmental Systems
 Division),  in Proceedings of the International Symposium on Water  in  Mining
 and Underground Works, Vol. II, Granada, Spain,  Sept. 18-22, 1978.  pp
 911-931.   Based on stratigraphic, structural, hydrogeologlc, and mining data
 collected during a study in central Pennsylvania, a two-dimensional,  finite-
 difference  computer model was used to simulate groundwater  flow in a  sandstone
 unit (0.3 to  11 m thick) overlying an underground mine, and  to  evaluate the
 responses of  the flow system and leakage rate into the mine when hypothetical
 dewatering  wells are introduced into the system.  Simulation of well
 dewatering, using 25 wells, showed that negligible reduction in leakage would
 occur if  sandstone permeability was less than 0.30 m/day.  When sandstone
 permeability  equalled 3.0 m/day, 25 wells reduced leakage by 2.4 percent.
 (Author's abstract)   CE352

 M78-43   SITE SELECTION AND DESIGN FOR MINIMIZING POLLUTION FROM UNDERGROUND
          COAL MINING OPERATIONS

 Shotts, R.  Q.,  Sterett,  E., and Simpson,  T.  A.,  The University of Alabama,
 Report  to U.S.  EPA,  Industrial  Environmental Research Laboratory,  Cincinnati,
 Ohio,  Interagency  Energy-Environment Research and Development Program  Report
 EPA-600/7-78-006 (Jan.  1978).   98 pp.   NTIS, PB-280 180/1WN.  This study
 carried out in  the Alabama  coal fields  was  started in September 1974 at two
 sites  where mining could  be expected to be  started after preliminary data had
 been  collected.  However,  as  plans  for  mining the areas  never developed, the
 study  was transferred  to  an area where  mining was in the early stages.  At  the
 third  site, the  premining  environment was  assessed by sampling Cedar Creek
 above  the mined  area  and  other  streams  to  the  east and west of the site.
 Analyses of groundwater  coming  into  the mine from "dripper" joints, of water
 pumped  from the  mine  sump,  and  of water from Cedar Creek below the mine showed
 that pollution  from  the mine was slight even when untreated effluent flowed
 directly  into  the  creek.   Geological and  hydrological conditions observed
 along with the  analytical  results suggest that water pollution should be
minimal during  the life  of  the  mine  and,  If  the  openings are sealed after mine
 closure, pollution resulting  from mine  water should  be prevented.   It  is
                                      78

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M78-43   (continued)

estimated that future subsidence will also be minimal.   (Adapted  from authors'
abstract)  CE548

M78-44   BIOELECTRIC NEUTRALIZATION OF ACID WATERS

Sisler, F. D. and Senftle, F. E. (to The United  States  of  America as
represented by the Secretary of  the Interior), U.S.  Pat.  4,072,798 (Feb. 7,
1978).  7 pp.  An apparatus to be used in a process  for bioelectric
neutralization of a body of water having a bottom of anaerobic  mud and an acid
supernatant liquid, the apparatus comprising a buoy  riding on the surface of
the water, and upper electrode preferably of carbon  suspended from the buoy in
the acid supernatant liquid, a lower electrode preferably  of  iron embedded in
the anaerobic mud and a flexible, insulated electrical  conductor  preferably an
insulated copper cable, conductively attached  to the upper and  lower
electrodes.  A plurality of sets of apparatus  may be used  spaced  apart from
each other in the body of water.  (Abstract of the disclosure)  US Pat, CE654

M78-45   MOSSBAUER SPECTROSCOPIC INVESTIGATION OF  IRON  SPECIES IN COAL

Smith, G. V. (1), Liu, J.-H. (1), Saporoschenko, M.  (1),  and  Shiley, R. (2)
[(1) Southern Illinois University and  (2) Illinois  State Geological Survey],
Fuel 57 (l)i 41-45 (Jan. 1978).  The authors discuss various  iron-containing
mineraTs which they identified  in a  series  of  samples of Herrin No. 6 coal.
The samples  Included whole coal, autoclaved char, vitrain, and fusain.  CE658

M78-46   ASSESSMENT TECHNIQUES  FOR MODELING WATER QUALITY IN A RIVER BASIN
         AFFECTED BY COAL-RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT

Steele, T. D. (U.S. Geological  Survey, Lakewood, Colorado), Symposium on
Modelling the Water Quality of  the Hydrological  Cycle,  Baden, Austria, by
International Association of Hydrological Sciences  and  International Institute
for Applied Systems Analysis, Sept.  11-15,  1978.  16 pp.   Modeling techniques
were used in five component studies  to evaluate  direct  and indirect impacts of
coal-resource development in the Yampa River basin,  Colorado  and  Wyoming.
Sediment from surface mining and solute  transported  into ground water from
spoil, pond seepage, and fly ash disposal are  some  of the factors evaluated by
the models.  CE551

M78-47   APPLICATION OF MOSSBAUER SPECTROSCOPY TO MONITOR ACID MINE DRAINAGE
         POTENTIALS OF COAL  SEAMS

Stiller, A.  H. (1), Renton, J.  J. (1), Montano,  P.  A. (2), and Russell, P. E.
(2) [(!•) West Virginia Geological Survey and  (2) West Virginia University],
Fuel 57 (7), 447-448  (July  1978).  Samples  of  a  pyrite  lens from a Waynesburg
coal seam near Maidsville, West  Virginia, were studied  with MSssbauer
spectroscopy and by x-ray diffraction.   The  lens was divided  into reactive and
unreactive portions based on whether  the portion was encrusted (reactive) or
not encrusted (unreactive).  X-ray diffraction showed little  difference
between the  two portions while  Mossbauer apectroscopy showed the presence of


                                      79

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 M7B-47    (continued)

 iron aulfate  in  the portion  of  the  lens  assumed to be reactive and only pyrite
 in Che portion considered  to be  unreactive.   Jour, CE659

 M78-48    OXYGEN  CONSUMPTION  AS  A FUNCTION OF pH IN THREE SPECIES OF FRESHWATER
           FISHES

 Ultsch, G. R. (University  of Alabama,  Department  of Biology), Copela (2),
 272-279 (1978).  Bluegills,  goldfish and channel  catfish were exposed to
 acidic water at  intervals  of 0.5 pH units to reinvestigate  the effects of
 hydrogen  ion concentration upon  the ability  of  freshwater fishes to use oxygen
 from the water for respiration.   At a  pH of  4.5,  only the bluegill was able to
 survive.  Death occurred at  3.5,  but not  from anoxia.   The  goldfish could not
 tolerate acid water with a pH of  4.5 - 4.0 but  did not die  from lack of
 oxygen.  The channel catfish was  the only species  to  show signs of anoxia at a
 low pH.  The results of this  research  suggest that the death  of fish at low pH
 may vary among species.  CE663

 M78-49   HYDROLOCIC CHARACTERISTICS OF COAL-MINE  SPOILS,  SOUTHEASTERN MONTANA

 Van Voast, W. A., Hedges, R.  B.,  and McDermott, J.  J.,  Montana State
 University, Montana University Joint Water Resources  Research Center,  MUJWRRC
 Report No. 94 (June 1978).    34 pp.  NTIS,  PB-289  223/OWN.   The Absaloka,
 Rosebud, Big Sky, and Decker  mines were  studied to determine  the effects  of
 mining on spoil ground-water  quality.  Hydraulic conductivities  of  saturated
 spoils are more diverse than  those of the undisturbed  coal  beds  but  have
 comparable average  values.   Aquifer development In mine  spoils  is  greatest
 near  the bases of the  spoils  where coarse rubble and wasted coal accumulate.
 Median concentrations  of dissolved solids (major constituents) and of  some
 trace  elements are  higher in waters from mine spoils than in  waters  from  coal
 beds.   The potential  for increased dissolved solids is considered  the most
 significant.   Trace elements, while detectable,  were not  present in  alarmingly
 high concentrations.   CE261

 M78-50   SOURCE ASSESSMENT:  WATER POLLUTANTS FROM COAL STORAGE AREAS

 Wachter,  R. A.  and  Blackwood, T.  R., Monsanto Research Corporation,  Report  to
 U.S. EPA,  Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory, Cincinnati,  Ohio,
 EPA-600/2-78-004m (May  1978).  106 pp.   NTIS, PB-285 420.  This report
 quantifies the  effluent  levels from coal  stock piles maintained outdoors  at
 production and  usage sites  by examining both  freshly mined and aged coale  from
 six coal  regions  of the  United States.   A representative source is defined  to
 help characterize the wastewater  level  from the  storage areas.  Effluent data
were obtained  by  subjecting coals to rainfall beneath a simulation apparatus
 and collecting grab samples of the wastewater.   The samples  were analyzed  for
organic and inorganic substances  and water quality parameters.  Hydrologic
 relationships were  used  to  estimate  the runoff concentrations.  Water quality
criteria concentrations  are compared with these  levels to estimate their
potential  environmental  impact.   Applicable and  future control techniques are
discussed  along with the growth  and  nature of stockpile quantities retained at
facilities.  (From authors' abstract)   EPA, CE614

                                     80

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M78-51   THE STREAM ENVIRONMENT AND MACROINVERTEBRATE COMMUNITIES:  CONTRASTING
         EFFECTS OF MINING IN COLORADO AND THE EASTERN UNITED  STATES

Ward, J. V. (1), Canton, S. P. (1), and Gray, L. J.  (2)  t(l) Colorado  State
University, Department of Zoology and Entomology and  (2)  Arizona  State
University, Department of Zoology], in "Energy and Environmental  Stress  in
Aquatic Systems," J. H. Thorp and J. W. Gibbons, Eds., Selected papers from  a
symposium held at Augusta, Georgia, Nov.  2-4, 1977,  sponsored  by  Savannah
River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, Institute of  Ecology, U.S.
DOE, Assistant Secretary for Environment, and Savannah River National
Environmental Research Park, UtS. DOE, Technical Information Center,
CONF-771H4 (1978).  pp 176-187.  Species composition, diversity, and  standing
crop were examined in studies conducted year-round on Trout Creek,  a
northwestern Colorado stream that receives drainage  from  the Edna Mine of
Pittaburg & Midway Coal Mining Company.   Results are  compared  with similar
studies conducted in eastern states.  Generally  low  values  of  sulfate  and
iron, highly-buffered waters, and low levels of  toxic substances  characterized
the Colorado stream and applied,  in general, to many streams  in  the western
energy-development region.  Moderate inputs of soluble salts increased
abundance of macroinvertebrates without significant  changes in community
structure or other discernible indications of stressed conditions.   This is
attributed to the relatively soft waters  above the mine  and the  protection
afforded by a buffer strip between the mine spoils and the  stream.  (Adapted
from authors' abstract)  CE823a

M78-52   UNIQUE AUTOMATIC HATER TREATMENT PLANT  AT  SILVERDALE  COLLIERY

Whitworth, K., World Coal 4^  (1),  20-22  (Jan.  1978).   The process  includes lime
neutralization, sludge thickening with polyelectrolyte,  and vacuum filtration
of  the  sludge.  Filter cake  composition  is  given and automatic control of the
various process steps  is described.  While  the  effluent  has an iron
concentration within required  limits,  its dissolved  solids'  content is
approximately 2,500 ppm.  Jour, CE99a

M78-53   COMBINATION LIMESTONE-LIME  NEUTRALIZATION  OF FERROUS IRON ACID MINE
         DRAINAGE

Wilmoth, R> C., U.S. EPA,  Industrial  Environmental  Research Laboratory,
Cincinnati, Ohio, Environmental  Protection Technology Series,  EPA-600/2-78-002
(Jan.  1978).  52 pp.   NTIS,  PB-280  169/4WP.   Studies were conducted on
ferrous-iron acid mine drainage  (AMD)  treatment  by  a two-step neutralization
process in which  rock-dust  limestone  was  mixed  with the  influent AMD and then
hydrated lime was added  in a polishing  reactor.   This combination  treatment
process resulted  in reagent  consumption cost  reductions aa high  as 30 percent
as  compared  to  those for  single-stage  hydrated  lime treatment of the  same AMD.
Later  data  indicated that  an equal  cost  reduction (compared to single-stage
lime  treatment)  could  be  achieved by a two-stage hydrated lime process  in
which  the  AMD and  recycled sludge Mere mixed in the first reaction vessel and
hydrated lime was added  in the second reactor.   No  cost advantage  for the
combination  process over  straight hydrated lime treatment was felt to exist  in
 situations where  sludge  recycling was not employed.  (Author's abstract) EPA,
CE563

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 M78-54   APPLICATION OF ION EXCHANGE TO ACID MINE DRAINAGE TREATMENT

 Wllmoth,  R. C. (1), Scott, R. B. (1), and Harris, E. F. (2)  [U.S. EPA,  (1)
 Crown Field Site, Rivesville, West Virginia and (2) Industrial Environmental
 Research  Laboratory, Cincinnati, Ohio], in "Proceedings of the 32nd Industrial
 Waste Conference, May 10,  11, and 12, 1977, Purdue University, Lafayette,
 Indiana," Ann Arbor, Michigan:  Ann Arbor Science Publishers, Inc., 1978.
 pp 820-829.  The authors discuss the Sul-biSul process used at the water
 treatment plant, Smith Township, Pennsylvania; the modified Desal process used
 at the Hawk Run plant, Pennsylvania; and the strong-acid/weak-base two-resin
 process investigated at EPA's Crown Mine Drainage Control Field Site near
 Morgantown, West Virginia.  Some data from the studies at the Crown Site are
 presented.   They show that in treated Crown drainage sodium and sulfate
 together  exceed the 500 mg/1 standard for total dissolved solids for
 potability.  628.2 1323, CE641

                                     1979

 M79-1    PLANNING EROSION  CONTROL FOR COAL MINING AND RECLAMATION

 Anderson, C.  E. and Briggs, J. M. (Iowa State University, Department of
 Agricultural  Engineering), Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 34 (5),
 234-236 (Sept.-Oct. 1979).  A study conducted by the Iowa Coal Prol&ct  to
 Improve the agricultural production potential of mined land and to minimize
 erosion is  described.   The reclamation plan included terracing and diverting
 the  drainage  from each terrace to one or two discharge outlets.  Although the
 sediment  pond was constructed to approximate federal design standards,
 effluent  standards could not be met.  The authors concluded that it is
 doubtful  if any sediment pond design could do so.  Sampling during the program
 indicated that the sediment pond discharge had no effect on water quality In
 the  receiving stream.   CE825

 M79-2    AREAWIDE ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT FOR ISSUING NEW SOURCE NPDES
          PERMITS  FOR COAL  MINES IN THE MONONGAHELA RIVER BASIN, WEST VIRGINIA

 U.S.  EPA, Region  III,  Nov.  1979.   15 pp.+ map.   In the EPA areawide approach
 to the  environmental review process  for  the requirements for the "National
 Pollutant Discharge Elimination System"  (NPDES),  baseline information is being
 compiled  on geology and  geography, on historic,  aesthetic, and recreational
 sites,  on environmentally  sensitive  areas,  and  on stream water quality of
 watersheds  affected by coal  mining.   This  description of the Information
 gathered  for  the  lower Monongahela River  Basin  is  accompanied by a map showing
 the  portions  designated  as  Potentially Significant Impact Areas.  The results
 of this environmental  information survey,  together with the  Supplemental
 Information Form  submitted  for  each  application  for a mining permit aids In
 the evaluation  of  the  environmental  Impact  of a  New Source coal mine.   CE791

M79-3    TVA  STRIP  MINE  ASSESSMENT MODEL:   HYDROLOGIC COMPONENT

 Bales, J.  (Tennessee Valley Authority, Water  Systems Development Branch), in
Proceedings,  Symposium on  Surface Mining  Hydrology,  Sedlmentology, and
Reclamation, Lexington,  Kentucky, by University of Kentucky  and Institute for

                                      82

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M79-3    (continued)

Mining and Minerals Research, Dec. 4-7,  1979,  S.  B.  Carpenter,  Ed.,  University
of Kentucky, Office of Engineering Services,  UKY  BU119  (Dec.  1979).
pp 265-270.  A double triangle unit hydrograph model  which  has  been  tested
extensively on urban, forested, and agricultural  watersheds is  currently being
modified such that storm events on surface mined  watersheds may be analyzed
and subsequently simulated.  Predictive  regionalized  equations  are developed
relating a measure of the runoff intensity to the time  of concentration, which
Is then related to the unit hydrograph parameters.   The storm hydrograph model
may be used in conjunction with a rainfall generator, a continuous daily
atreamflow model, a sediment transport model, a background  water quality
model, and an aquatic biota model component,  all  of  which are now available,
to simulate pre- and post-mining streamflow quantity  and quality.  (Author's
abstract)  631 K961, CE852u

M79-4    PREDICTION OF SEDIMENT YIELD FROM SURFACE MINED WATERSHEDS

Barfield, B. J., Moore,  I. D., and Williams,  R. G. (University  of Kentucky,
Agricultural Engineering Department), in Proceedings,  Symposium on Surface
Mining Hydrology, Sedimentology, and Reclamation, Lexington,  Kentucky, by
University of Kentucky and Institute for Mining and  Minerals  Research, Dec.
4-7, 1979, S. B. Carpenter, Ed., University of Kentucky, Office of Engineering
Services, UKY BUI19  (Dec.  1979).  pp 83-91.   In  this paper,  a  discussion is
given of methods for predicting both long term and single  storm sediment
yield.  Particular emphasis is given to  methods which use  the Universal Soil
Loss Equation (USLE) as  a base.  Attention  is directed  towards  outlining the
fundamental baala of the procedures, the complexity, data  requirements and
availability, and expected accuracy.  Very  little reaearch has  been directed
toward predicting the size distribution  and  time  distribution of single storm
sediment yield.  A discussion  IB  given  of this research and preliminary
proposals made for using the available  information to predict both time and
size distribution.   (From  authors'  Introduction)   631 K961, CE852h

M79-5    FILTRATION  OF  SEDIMENT BY SIMULATED VEGETATION.   I.   STEADY-STATE
         FLOW WITH HOMOGENEOUS SEDIMENT

Barfield,  B. J., Toll tier,  E. W.,  and Hayes, J. C. (University of Kentucky),
Transactions of  the  ASAE 22,  540-548 (1979).   Published as University of
Kentucky Agricultural  Experiment  Station Journal Article No.  77-2-128.  A
steady  state model  is  presented for determining  the sediment filtration
capacity of a grass  media  under varying flow rates,  sediment loads, particle
sizes,  flow durations,  channel slopes,  and media density.  Each  component  of
 the  model  was  tested in laboratory studies on artificial media.   It Is
 possible  to uae  the  model to predict the required media spacing, channel
 slope,  and length  of media to  give a desired outflow concentration  for  given
 flow conditions.  Based on simulations  using the model, it apprears that, for
 a given flow condition, the outflow concentration depends  primarily on  channel
 slope  and  spacing whereas the time required  to completely  inundate  the  filter
 with sediment  depends primarily on sediment  load.   (From authors' Summary and
 Conclusion)  CE724


                                      83

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 M79-6    TVA STRIP MINE AQUATIC ASSESSMENT MODEL:   BENTHIC INVERTEBRATE MODULE

 Barr, W. C. (Tennessee Valley Authority,  Fisheries  and  Aquatic  Ecology
 Branch), in Proceedings, Symposium on  Surface Mining Hydrology,  Sedimentology
 and Reclamation, Lexington, Kentucky,  by  University of  Kentucky  and  Institute
 for Mining and Minerals Research, Dec. 4-7,  1979, S. B.  Carpenter, Ed.,
 University of Kentucky, Office of Engineering Services,  UKY BUI19  (Dec.
 1979).  pp 243-249.  Data from several small unmtned, recently mined,  and
 older abandoned mine areas were collected, analyzed, and used to develop a
 simulation model that, given appropriate  local  information, has  the  potential
 to predict the impact of surface mining on stream biota.   The model  is
 expressed as a series of ordinary differential  equations that when integrated
 with the Initial value of the compartment of interest will  show  the  change  in
 the faunal assemblage with the hydrologic changes through time.  The system
 incorporates temperature changes, sediment transport, and storm  event
 discharges from the hydrologic segments of the model and  uses these  data to
 perturb the stream community.  (From author's abstract)   631 K961, CE852r

 M79-7    OVERVIEW OF TVA STRIP MINE AQUATIC ASSESSMENT MODEL

 Beteon,  R.  (Tennessee Valley Authority), American Society of Agricultural
 Engineers,  Winter Meeting,  New Orleans, Louisiana,  Dec.  11-14, 1979.   Paper
 No. 79-2537.   23 pp.   A watershed hydrology model,  regionalized  so that  it  can
 be readily applied using watershed characteristics  and climatological
 Information alone,  is described.   Validation tests  using data collected  in
 coal  mining areas are used  to show how it may be used to  predict probable
 hydrologic  consequences of  mining on the hydrologic balance.  (Author's
 Summary) ASAE,  CE836

 M79-8    THE  EFFECT OF STRIP MINING ON THE HEADWATER HYDROGRAPH  OF EASTERN
          KENTUCKY

 Bryan,  B. A. and  Hewlett, J.  D.  (University  of  Georgia), in Proceedings,
 Symposium on  Surface  Mining  Hydrology,  Sedimentology,  and Reclamation,
 Lexington,  Kentucky,  by University of Kentucky  and Institute for Mining and
 Minerals Research,  Dec.  4-7,  1979,  S. B.  Carpenter,  Ed., University of
 Kentucky, Office  of  Engineering Services,  UKY BU119  (Dec. 1979).   pp 51-55.
 The Northeastern  Forest  Experiment  Station,  Berea, Kentucky, installed  6 weirs
 and 4  recording raingages on 6 small  drainage basins in Breathitt County,
 Kentucky.   Five of  the  basins  were  partially stripped  over the next 7 years
 and 1  basin was held  as a control.   The School  of Forest Resources at the
 University  of Georgia and the  Forest  Service entered a joint study of these
 basins  in 1977.   Based  on the  preliminary  results of the study,  the authors
 tentatively conclude  that generally  surface  mining does  not greatly alter the
 flood-producing potential of  the  Eastern Coal Fields.   (Adapted  from authors'
abstract)   631 K961,  CE8S2d

M79-9    ACID PRECIPITATION:  A COMMENT

Bucek, M. F. (HRB-Singer, Inc.),  in Proceedings, Symposium on  Surface Mining
Hydrology, Sedimentology, and Reclamation, Lexington,  Kentucky,  by University
of Kentucky and Institute for Mining  and Minerals Research, Dec.  4-7, 1979, S.

                                      84

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M79-9   (continued)

B. Carpenter, Ed., University of Kentucky, Office  of  Engineering  Services,
UKY BU119 (Dec. 1979).  pp 33-34.  Acid precipitation with  pH values  about  4.0
has been observed to be a widespread phenomenon  in the  northeastern United
States^  Acidification of surface water bodies,  increased rates of  soil
leaching as well as potential water quality problems  associated with  runoff
discharges from regraded mine spoils are some of  the  resulting environmental
problems.  (Author's abstract)  631 K961. CE852a

M79-10   SELECTED WATER RESOURCES DATA, CLARION  RIVER AND REDBANK CREEK
         BASINS, NORTHWESTERN PENNSUVANIA--PART  2

Buckwalter, T. F., Dodge, C. H., and Schiner, G.  R.,  U.S. Geological  Survey,,
Water Resource* Division, Water Resources Investigations  79-19, prepared in
cooperation with Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources,  USCS/WR1-
79-19  (July 1979).  135 pp.  Hydrologlc  information including data on
aquifers, water levels, and yields is presented  for 1,304 wells.   Record* for
51 springs are also given.  The report contains  83 chemical analyses  of water
samples collected from 30 stream sites and 300 analyses of  water  from 196
wells and 43 springs.  Also included are  103 trace-element  analyses.   Monthly
and annual means of ground-water levels  for six  observation wells are
tabulated.  Benthic invertebrate data from 136 stream sites are listed.
Locations of data-collection sites are shown on  50 page-size reduction*  of  7
1/2-minute topographic quadrangle maps.   (Authors' abstract)  US  Geol, CE854

M79-11   SEDIMENT CHARACTERISTICS OF THE NEW RIVER TENNESSEE

Carey, W. P. (U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Department, Nashville,
Tennessee), in Proceedings, Symposium on Surface Mining Hydrology,
Sedimentology, and Reclamation, Lexington, Kentucky,  by University of Kentucky
and Institute for Mining and Minerals Research,  Dec.  4-7, 1979,  S. B.
Carpenter, Ed., University of Kentucky,  Office  of Engineering Services,
UKJ BU119 (Dec.   1979).  pp 197-202.  Results of extensive  water  quality
sampling in the New River basin indicate that  a significant characteristic of
the water resource is high  suspended  sediment  loads.   More  than 90 percent of
this  suspended sediment is  silt and  clay which  imparts a turbid appearance to
the water and transports a  proportionally  large  load of sorbed trace metals.
Suspended sediment concentration  is  found  to  be highly correlated with both
suspended and total trace metal concentrations.   In contrast to this fine-
grained suspended load  is an  apparently  large  volume of coal which is
transported *s bedload during runoff  events.   Preliminary results of bedload
measurements  indicate that  the coal  ranges  in  size from fine sand Co very
coarse gravel and frequently  accounts  for  over  SO percent by weight of the
material in  the  sample.  (From  author's  abstract)  631 K961, CE852q

M79-12  THE  EFFECT OF  ACID MINE  DRAINAGE WATER ON TWO PENNSYLVANIA  SOILS

Clolkosz,  E.  J.,  Kardos, L.  T.,  and  Beers, W.  F. (The Pennsylvania State
University,  Department  of Agronomy),  Soil Science 127 (2),   102-107 (1979).
                                      85

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 M79-12   (continued)

 Rayne and Guernsey soil material chat had had 523 en of acid mine water (AHW)
 passed through it was analyzed.   The pH, Ca content, and percent base
 saturation of the soil material  were lowered, and its CEC, acidity, and Fe and
 Al  contents increased.  The increase in Al and Fe contents was much greater
 than was the amount  of Al and Fe added by the acid water.  Thus, the acid
 treatments mobilized some native soil Al and Fe in the treated soils.  The
 acid water treatment also created some new CEC sites.  Phosphorous data showed
 a depletion of P in  the Rayne and a redistribution of it downward in the
 Guernsey.   Little or no change in particle size distribution and clay
 mineralogy occurred  as a result  of the treatment.  The various effects of the
 acid water on the soil were the  greatest in the upper parts of the soil.
 (Authors'  abstract)   CEA02

 M79-13   STRIP MINE  DRAINAGE—AQUATIC IMPACT ASSESSMENT

 Cox,  D.  B.,  Betson,  R. P., Barr, W.  C., Grossman, J. S., and Ruane, R. J.,
 Tennessee  Valley Authority, Office of Natural Resources, Lnteragency
 Energy-Environment Research and  Development Program Report to U.S.  EPA,
 Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory, Cincinnati, Ohio, TVA/ONR-79/11,
 EPA-600/7-79-036 (Feb. 1979).  93 pp.  Preliminary findings of field studies
 at  contour -and area-type mining operations indicate that drainages from mined
 areas  are  alkaline rather than acid, and calcium and magnesium concentrations
 Increase as  a result of mining in almost every instance.  Furthermore, values
 for  iron and sulfate increase in some areas, but not in others, whereas values
 for  trace  metals are generally low in all areas.  The predominant fish in
 small  Cumberland Plateau streams is the creek chub (Semotilus atromaculatus).
 and  its  primary food source is aquatic Invertebrates, including midge larvae,
 spring tails,  and aquatic mites.   Several model components have been developed,
 including  a  water quality model  for nonpoint sources, a continuous streamflow
 model, and a storm hydrograph model.  Other model components being developed
 or  evaluated include additional  smell-basin water quality models, water
 quality  and  quantity routing models, a low-trophic-level stream-biota model,
 and  a  fisheries  resource model.   (From authors'  abstract)  EPA, CE849

 M79-14  SURFACE MINING AND THE  HYDROLOGIC BALANCE

 Curtis,  W. R.  (Northeastern Forest  Experiment Station),  Mining Congress
 Journal  65_ (7),  35-40 (July 1979).   The disturbance  of  land has created
 conditions that  alter normal infiltration rates, subsurface and overland
 flows, and help  to hasten  erosion proceaaes and  the  consequent movement of
 sediment.  Surface mining  has caused such disturbances  and has affected water
 quality  and  the  hydrologic  balance by Che removal of vegetation and the
 compaction of  soil.   Reclamation, erosion,  and sediment-yield studies are
discussed  and  the methods  of available technology to control the effects of
 surface  mining on the  hydrologic balance are described.   CE858

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M79-15   HYDROGEOLOGY OF A WATERSHED WITH  SUBIRRIGATED ALLUVIAL MATERIALS IN
         CROP PRODUCTION

Dollhopf. D. J., Wendt, G. W., Goering,  J.  D.,  and  Hedberg,  D.  W.  (Montana
State University, Reclamation Research Program),  in Proceedings,  Symposium on
Surface Mining Hydrology, Sedimentology, and  Reclamation,  Lexington, Kentucky,
by University of Kentucky and Institute  for Mining  and Minerals Research, Dec.
4-7, 1979,  S. B. Carpenter,  Ed.,  University of  Kentucky,  Office of Engineering
Services, UKY. BU119  (Dec.  1979).  pp  311-320.   Concern existed that surface
mining updip from the cropland area would  alter the subirrigation
characteristics of the alluvium.   A major  portion of the  ground-water recharge
into the alluvium was from an aquifer  located  stratigraphically below coal
seams to be extracted, therefore  most  of the  cropland area is expected to
remain subirrigated.  However, as mining Intercepts secondary sources of
recharge to the alluvium, i.e. surface runoff  and perched ground-water zones
within the  overburden and coal seams,  some lowering of the water table beneath
the cropland is expected.  This may result in decreased crop yields.  Thirty
to forty percent of  the cropland  area  waa  dependent upon subirrigation for at
least one-third of Its annual water requirement.   Daily water table
fluctuations in alluvium during August closely corresponded to daily
evapotranspiration patterns,  indicating  the alfalfa crop was extracting much
of its water requirement from ground water.  (From authors'  abstract)  631
K961, CE852v

M79-16   DEVELOPMENT OF METHODS TO IMPROVE PERFORMANCE OF SURFACE MINE
         SEDIMENT BASINS

Ettinger, C. E. (Skelly and  Loy), American Society of Agricultural  Engineers.
Winter Meeting, New  Orleans,  Lovislana, Dec. 11-14,  1979.  Paper No.  79-2527.
& pp.  An ongoing EPA sponsored  project  is described and some  initial results
are presented.  During  the  first  phase of  the project, six representative
sediment ponds  in Appalachia were studied  to  determine possible improvements
in their design and  influents tto  the  ponds were subjected to treatablllty
tests to determine  the  applicability  of  selected chemical coagulants.  ASAE,
CE836c

M79-17   WATER DRAINAGE IN COAL MINES

Fernande*-Rubio,  R.  (University of Granada, Spain), World Coal 5  (12),  16-18
(1979).   The  Importance of hydrogeologlcal factors, such as  the~speed and
direction of water  flow,  and the  connection between the source area and  the
discharge area,  and how to take prevent*ttve measures  against  inrushes  of
water  is  described.   Pumping, the passive method of protection, is  described
as  being  effective  once water Infiltrates  the mine, whereas  an active
protection  system Is based on advance and  continuous  pumping from wells  to
reduce  water  pressure.   In addition, a method  denoted as  "instantaneous"
controls  drainage in the area immediately  surrounding the mine to reduce the
water  pressure.   Special precautions are  advised and  guidelines are given
according to mining method for mining under bodies  of water.   CE8S9
                                      87

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 M79-18   DESIGN OF  CHEMICAL  TREATMENT  SYSTEM FOR REMOVAL OF SUSPENDED SOLIDS
          FROM SURFACE MINING RUNOFF  FROM A 1000-ACRE WATERSHED

 Force, E. G. and Tapp,  J.  S. (Commonwealth Technology,  Inc.), In Proceedings,
 Symposium on Surface Mining  Hydrology,  Sedimentology, and Reclamation,
 Lexington, Kentucky, by University of  Kentucky and  Institute for Mining and
 Minerals Research,  Dec.  4-7, 1979, S.  B.   Carpenter, Ed., University of
 Kentucky, Office of Engineering Services,  UKY BU119 (Dec. 1979).  pp 189-195,
 The system, designed to meet EPA and OSM effluent limitations, consists of a
 polyelectrolyte doaing  station and a single  relatively  large sediment basin
 located in the main hollow at the most  downstream point in the watershed.
 Material presented  includes  the detailed  hydrologlc design of the  detention
 basin; the results of laboratory studies  to  characterize the expected runoff
 water, to determine the optimum polyelectrolyte  and dosages, and to determine
 the settling characteristics of the raw and  treated water,  and the application
 of results of the laboratory studies to  the  final design.  (Adapted from
 authors' abstract)  631 K961, CE852p

 M79-19   EVALUATION OF THE RATE OF DECREASE  IN THE  IRON CONTENT OF WATER
          PUMPED FROM A FLOODED SHAFT MINE  IN  COUNTY DURHAM,  ENGLAND

 Frost, R.  C., Journal of Hydrology 40  (1-2),  101-111  (1979).   An attempt is
 made to provide a theoretical basis~Tor the evaluation  of field data  relating
 to decreasing concentrations of iron in the  drainage  from flooded  coal mines.
 It is  thought that this will aid the formulation and  adoption  of policies
 aimed  at abating the stream pollution caused  by  these discharges.   The removal
 of pyrite  oxidation products from flooded mine workings  Is described  as  a
 convective mass-transfer process, and equations  predicting an  exponential
 decrease in their concentration with time are  derived from theoretical
 considerations.   In support of this model, the concentration of Fe, in the
 water  pumped  from a flooded shaft mine was found to decrease with  time.  The
 half-life  of  350 days  is compared with a value of 334 days
 calculated  from  literature data relating to small self-draining drift  mines  in
 the  U.S.A.  The  practical value of the model  is  illustrated by  estimation of
 the  volume  of  ferric hydroxide  sludge that might be formed in a treatment
 facility.   (From author's abstract)   CE716a

 M79-20  PUMPING RATES  AND THE  IRON  CONTENT OF SHAFT MINE WATER

 Frost,  R. C., Effluent  and Water  Treatment Journal 19 (2), 77-80 (Feb.  1979).
 This paper attempts  to  determine  the  mechanism by whTch pumping rate controls
 the  iron content of  water pumped  from a deep shaft coal  mine.  Mine water
 pumped  to the surface is  a  mixture of  ferruginous drainage from the flooded
 workings with drainage  from the non-flooded workings.  Model studies indicate
 that the concentration of  iron  in  the water from flooded workings  is
 independent of the pumping  rate.   The  iron content of the water pumped to the
 surface is dependent on  the relative  amounts  of the  two  drainage components
and this is controlled  by the pumping  rate.  The implications of these effects
 for pollution abatement  policies are  illustrated  and discussed.  (Author's
abstract)  CE716
                                      88

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M79-21   HYDROLOGIC AND HYDROGEOCHEMICAL  CHARACTERISTICS OF SELECTED STRIP
         MINE SPOILS  IN WESTERN NORTH DAKOTA

Groenewold, G. H.  (North Dakota Geological  Survey),  in "Ecology and Coal
Resource Development," M. K. Wali,  Ed., New York:   Pergamon Press, 1979.
pp 770-775.  Two  research sites instrumented to determine the hydrologic
conditions on reclaimed land are  at  the Indian Head  Mine near Zap and at the
Center Mine near  Center, North Dakota.  Results of analyses of water samples
show great variation, but indicate  that the geochemical processes of
dissolution of carbonate minerals,  sodium-calcium exchange on sodium-
tnontmorillonitic  clays, and oxidation of  pyrite control the chemistry of the
ground water in these reclaimed areas.  Water from the Center site has
generally less sodium, sulfate, and  bicarbonate content than water from the
Indian Head site,  reflecting the  differences in the  characteristics of the
overburden at the  two mines.  CE776

M79-22   GEOLOGY  AND  GEOHYDROLOGY OF THE  KNIFE RIVER BASIN AND ADJACENT AREAS
         OF WEST-CENTRAL NORTH DAKOTA

Groenewold, G. H., Hemlsh, L. A., Cherry, J. A., Rehm, B, W., Meyer, G. N.,
and Winczewski, L. M., North Dakota  Geological Survey, Report of Investigation
No. 64 (1979).  402 pp.+ 37 Plates.  This study has  determined the regional
stratigraphic framework of the units overlying the Pierre Formation with
emphasis on detailed  correlation  of  the Tertiary lignite-bearing strata and
has demonstrated  that individual  lignite  beds are  traceable for many tens of
miles and serve as convenient stratigraphic markers  for subdividing the
Sentinel Butte and Bullion Creek  Formations.  The  detailed stratigraphic
framework, thus defined, has allowed for  a  specific  designation of the intake
zone for most of  the  farm and domestic wells in the  study area.  This
information, In conjunction with  previously published groundwater chemical
data and additional selective sampling of wells as part of this study, has
allowed for a detailed definition of the  chemical  characteristics of water
within the various stratigraphic  units.   This, in turn, has allowed for the
formulation of groundwater geochemical models for the various groundwater
systems.  The key  processes which influence the evolution of groundwater in
the Knife River basin are: pyrite oxidation, carbonate dissolution, gypsum
precipitation and  dissolution, cation exchange, and  sulfate reduction.  The
hydrostratigraphy  and hydrochewistry of five proposed and active lignite-
mining sites have  been discussed  in  detail.   These include the Indian Head,
Beulah-Razen, and  Dunn Center sites  within  the Knife River basin and the
Center and Falkirk sites which lie  in close proximity to the Knife River
basin.  The implications of the interpretive groundwater geochemical framework
relative to post-mining groundwater  quality have been addressed.  Of major
concern is the generation, in the post-mining landscapes, of waters
characterized by  adverse sulfate  contents generated  by pyrite oxidation.  In
one case the sulfate  concentration  in a groundwater  sample from spoils at the
Indian Head site  exceeded 9,400 mg/L.  Sulfate concentrations in spoil waters
commonly exceeded  2,500 mg/L.  (From Executive Summary)  NDGS, CE827
                                      89

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 M79-23   THE EFFECTS OF SURFACE MINING OF COAL ON WATER QUALITY NEAR GRANDE
          CACHE, ALBERTA

 Hackbarth, D. A. (Alberta Research Council), Canadian Journal of Earth
 Sciences _16_ (6), 1242-1253 (1979).  Streams and springs in and near surface
 coal nines located on the eastern slopes of the Canadian Rocky Mountains were
 sampled between 1972 and 1978.  Streams unaffected by mining activity
 characteristically have calcium, magnesium, and bicarbonate as the dominant
 ions.  Total dissolved solids concentration usually ranges between 125 and 231
 mg/L.  Sulfate is usually about 20% of the anions and has a concentration leas
 than 75 mg/L.  Relative amounts of sodium, potassium, chloride, and nitrate
 usually are less than 6Z of the ions.  Values of pH commonly range between 7.6
 and 8.2.   The effects of mining activity on water quality vary in intensity
 but follow a consistent pattern.  The relative proportion of the various
 cations does not change; however,  their concentrations may rise to four times
 background values.   The concentration of anions also increases and there is a
 shift in  the relative proportions  from bicarbonate to sulfate and, at the note
 strongly  affected sites, to nitrate.   The distribution of pH values is not
 significantly different from unaffected sites.  (From author's abstract)
 CE843

 M79-24   STREAM BIOLOGICAL SURVEYS - SELF-DEFENSE FOR COAL MINE OPERATORS

 Hampton,  E. L., Pennington, W. L., Lackey, J.  L., North, J.  C., and McCoy, V.
 W.  (Resource Consultants,  Inc.), in Proceedings,  Symposium on Surface Mining
 Hydrology,  Sedimentology,  and Reclamation, Lexington, Kentucky, by University
 of  Kentucky and Institute  for Mining  and Minerals Research,  Dec.  4-7, 1979, S.
 B.  Carpenter,  Ed.,  University of Kentucky, Office of Engineering  Services,
 UKY BU119  (Dec.  1979).   pp 251-253.   Methods of carrying out baseline
 biological  surveys  of streams likely  to be affected by mining activities,
 interpretation  of  results  of  the surveys and their activities to  coal mine
 operators  in making them are  discussed.  631 K961, CE852s

 M79-25  COAL MINING AND GROUND WATER

 Hardaway,  J.  (U.S.  EPA,  Region VIII), in "Coal Surface Mining and Power
 Production  in the  Face  of  Environmental Protection Requirements," Proceedings
 of  the Second U.S.-Polish  Symposium,  Castle Ksiaz, Poland,  Sept.  26-28, 1979,
 Interagency Energy-Environment Research and Development Program Report
 EPA-600/7-79-159  (Oct.  1979).   pp  103-125.   Any type of coal mining has the
 potential  to  temporarily disrupt the  hydrologic balance.   In this paper,
 disruptions have  been classified as having either a physical or chemical
 Impact.  Research on  mining and reclamation effects on ground water quantity
and  quality are discussed.  EPA

M79-26   PRECIPITATION-RUNOFF  RELATIONSHIPS FROM  EPHEMERAL  STREAMS IN THE
         POWDER RIVER BASIN

Hasfurther, V.  R. and Akerbergs, M. (University of Wyoming),  in Proceedings,
Symposium on  Surface  Mining Hydrology,  Sedimentology,  and Reclamation,
                                      90

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M79-26   (continued)

Lexington, Kentucky, by University of Kentucky  and  Institute  for  Mining And
Mineral* Research, Dec. 4-7,  1979, S. B. Carpenter,  Ed.,  University  of
Kentucky, Office of Engineering Services, UKY BU119 (Dec.  1979).   pp 35-^2.
An experimental watershed established in 1973 on an ephemeral stream in the
Eastern Powder River Basin of Wyoming where  surface coal  mining activity is
taking place has been evaluated for pre-mlnlng  surface hydrologlc conditions.
Results of analysis of data are presented on precipitation patterns, surface
runoff potential, infiltration rates, and seepage  from reservoirs and stock
dans.  A dlmensionleas unitgraph  is presented which can  be used  to predict
runoff fro* ungagcd ephemeral streams.  (Authors'  abstract)  631  K961,  C£852b

M79-27   EVALUATION OF VEGETAL FILTRATION FOR REDUCING SEDIMENT  IN SURFACE
         MINE RUNOFF

Hayes, J. C. (1), Barfleld, B. J.  (I),  and  Barnhisel, R.  I. (2)  [University of
Kentucky (1) Agricultural Engineering Department and (2)  Agronomy Department),
in Proceedings,  Symposium on  Surface Mining  Hydrology, Sedlmentology, and
Reclamation, Lexington, Kentucky,  by University of  Kentucky and  Institute for
Mining and Minerals Research, Dec. 4-7,  1979, S.  B. Carpenter, Ed.,
University of Kentucky, Office of  Engineering Services,  UKY BU119 (Dec. 1979).
pp 93-98-  A summary of a series  of equations developed  at the University of
Kentucky which can be used to estimate  filter performance based  on particle
size distribution, flowrate,  concentration,  channel slope, and filter
dimension is presented in this report.   Extensive  data collection using both
simulated and real grasses has shown a  high correlation  between  observed and
estimated values.  Examples of this data will be  presented and explained.  The
theoretical basis for the equations and a graphical solution will be discussed
la sufficient detail  so th»t  a user  can determine  if the relationships can be
applied  to his needs.   These  procedures should  demonstrate the fundamentals of
grass  filter design and enable relatively  inexperienced  users to make
reasonable estimates.   (From  authors'  abstract)  631 K961, CE8521

M79-28   THE IMPACTS  OF COAL  MINING  ON SURFACE  WATER AND CONTROL MEASURES
          THEREFORE

Hill,  &«  D.  (U.S. EPA,  Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory,
Cincinnati,  Ohio),  in "Coal  Surface  Mining  and  Power Production  in  the Face of
Environmental Protection  Requirements," Proceedings of  the Second U.S.-Polish
Symposium,  Castle Ksiaz,  Poland,  Sept.  26-28,   1979, Interagency
Energy-Environment  Research  and  Development Program Report EPA-600/7-79-159
(Oct.   1979).   pp 143-157.   The  chemical and physical water  problems related
to  surface  and  underground  coal mining and  refuse piles and  slurry  ponds are
described.   Mine drainage abatement  techniques available  for the  prevention of
 pollution at the source and for treatment after mining are reviewed.   EPA

M79-29   OVERBURDEN MINERALOGY AS RELATED TO GROUND WATER CHEMICAL  CHANGES IN
          COAL STRIP MINING

 Hounslow, A. W.  (1), Fitzpatrlck, J. (1), Cerrlllo, L. A.  (2),  and Freeland,
 M.  (2) IU) Colorado School of Mines Research  Institute  and  (2)  Engineering

                                      91

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 M79-29   (continued)

 Enterprise*i Inc.], in Proceedings, Symposium on Surface Mining  Hydrology,
 Sedlmentology, and Reclamation, Lexington, Kentucky. by University  of  Kentucky
 and Institute for Mining and Minerals Research, Dec. 4-7,  1979,  s.  B.
 Carpenter, Ed., University of Kentucky, Office of Engineering  Services,
 UKY BU119 (Dec. 1979).  pp 161-168.  The predictive methodology  was developed
 from data obtained at eight existing mines in the western  United States.  Core
 and cutting samples were obtained from undisturbed overburden  and spoil  piles,
 and the mineralogy and bulk chemistry of these rocks were  determined.  Water
 samples, both upgradlent and downgradient from the spoils, were  analyzed  to
 determine the change in water composition.  Relationships  among  and between
 rock and water variables were established using statistical factor  analysis
 and thermodynamic calculations.  Minerals found to have the greatest influence
 on water chemistry were carbonates, sulfates, clays, and sulfldes.   Water
 associated with spoil piles was generally caleium-magnesium-sulfate, high
 total dissolved solids waters.  In geologic environments where ground  water is
 in contact with a representative portion of the overburden, the  change in
 ground water-quality after mining will be minimal unless the overburden
 contains appreciable amounts of oxidizable minerals such as pyrite.  However,
 where water cannot contact a representative section of the overburden, the
 change in ground-water quality after mining may be marked.  (From authors'
 abstract)  631 K961, CE852m

 M79-30   HOW A DIFFICULT WATER PROBLEM IS HANDLED AT HAWOOD

 Mine and Quarry £ (11),  A (Nov. 1979).  This is a short description of
 dewttering of a surface  coal-mine site near Forth in Scotland.    The mine
 receives drainage from ground water and from runoff.  Jour, CE856

 M79-31   THE IMPACT OF LIGNITE MINING ON SURFACE WATER AND MEANS  OF ITS CONTRO

 Janlak,  H.  (POLTEGOR,  Wroclaw, Poland), in "Coal Surface Mining and Power
 Production in the Face of Environmental Protection Requirements," Proceedings
 of the Second U.S.-Polish Symposium,  Castle Ksiaz,  Poland,  Sept.  26-28, 1979,
 Interagency  Energy-Environment Research and Development Program Report
 EPA-600/7-79-159 (Oct. 1979).  pp 159-171.   The quantitative and  qualitative
 changes  in hydrological  balance as affected by mining are described.  Basic
 methods  of purification,  such as retention basins for the removal of suspended
 solids,  as well  as  technological achievements using gamma radiation,
 flocculation,  coagulation,  filtration through a sandbed and filtration through
 grass  filters  are  discussed.   EPA

M79-32    GROUND  WATER  MONITORING SYSTEM DESIGNS   THE IOWA COAL  PROJECT
          DEMONSTRATION MINE #1,  A CASE STUDY

Kipp,  J.  A.  (1),  Gulliford,  J.  B.  (2), Stangl,  D.  W.  (1),  and  Sendlein, L. V.
A.  (3)  [(1)  Iowa  State University,  lows Coal Project,  (2)  Illinois Mining «nd
Mineral  Resources  Research  Institute,  and  (3) Coal  Extraction and Utilization
Research  Center],  in Proceedings,  Symposium on  Surface  Mining Hydrology,
Sedimentology, and  Reclamation,  Lexington,  Kentucky,  by University of Kentucky
and Institute for Mining  and  Minerals  Research,  Dec.  4-7,  1979, S. B.

                                      92

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M79-32   (continued)

Carpenter, Ed., University of Kentucky, Office  of  Engineering Services,
UKY BU119 (Dec. 1979).  pp 145-151.  A network  of  49  ground  water piezometers
and sampling tubes has been  placed on a 40 acre study site  in southeastern
Iowa to monitor the ground water quality.  Additional hydrogeologic  data were
obtained from drilling logs  of 35 auger holes and  26  coal exploration holes.
(Adapted from authors' abstract)  631 K961,  CE8521

M79-33   THE BIOGEOCHEMISTRY OF ACID MINE DRAINAGE AND A METHOD TO CONTROL
         ACID FORMATION

Kle.itvmat«v, R« L. P.» Princeton University, Ph.D. THeals, 1979.   104  pp.  This
study exanin*"  the role played by the bacterium, Thlobacillus ferrooxidans, in
the oxidation of pyrite and  demonstrates  that  inhibition of the bacterium can
be used to reduce the acid drainage problem.   Laboratory simulations of coal
mine environments were used  to establish  the activity of ^L ferrooxidans under
varying hydrologic conditions.  By measuring drainage pH in laboratory
simulations of  a coal refuse pile, it was discovered  that  T. ferrooxidans
accelerated the acidification of freshly-exposed pyritic material but is most
significant below pH 4.5 where it also accelerates acidification by the
oxidation of Fe  .  It was determined that anionic detergents at
concentrations  greater than  10 ppm inhibit T._ ferrooxidans  and thereby reduce
acid formation; concentrations of at least 25 ppm  kill the  bacterium.  To be
effective In reducing acid formation, application  of  bactericides must be
either frequent or persistent.  Therefore, a method was developed to release
inhibitory concentrations of anionic detergents gradually  from a wax or rubber
matrix,  (from  author's abstract)  628.2 K64,  CE7l4a

M79-34   THE LIMNOLOGICAL RESPONSE OF A WEST VIRGINIA MULTIPURPOSE IMPOUNDMENT
         TO ACID INFLOWS

Koryak, M., Stafford, L. J., and Montgomery, W. H. (U.S. Army Corps of
Engineers, Pittsburgh District), Water Resources Research j_5 (4), 929-934
(Aug. 1979).   Sampling carried out at  14  stations  on the Tygart River and
impoundment, during the periods o£ May through October of 1973 and 1974,
showed the effects of acid mine drainage  on  water  quality and biota,
especially during  the low-flow periods of  late summer and early autumn.
Results of this and later studies  lead  the  authors to conclude that control of
drawdown of the lake will affect  the mixing  pattern of Inflow and can aid  in
mitigating the  adverse effects of  acid mine  drainage.  CE839

M79-35   IMPACT OF SURFACE MINING  AND  CONVERSION OF COAL ON GROUND WATER AND
         CONTROL MEASURES  IN POLAND

Llbicki, J>  (POLTEGOR, Wroclaw,  Poland),  in "Coal Surface Mining and  Power
Production in  the  Face of  Environmental  Protection Requirements," Proceedings
of  the  Second  U.S.-Polish  Symposium,  Castle  Ksiaz, Poland,  Sept. 26-28,  1979,
Interagency  Energy-Environment  Research  and  Development Program  Report
EPA-600/7-79-159  (Oct.  1979).   pp 127-142.   Bore holes are  used  in the
                                      93

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 M79-3S   (continued)

 vicinity of Follsh Mines co determine the geological structure, location -iwj
 sice of aquifers, infiltration rate* and to monitor changes in the water
 before, during, and after mining operations.  Before approval by local
 authorities of mine construction plans these preliminary investigations
 be completed and submitted.  In addition to the quant it Ive impacts
 by bore-hole investigations, a research program has been prepared to deter«l*m
 the qualitative impact of coal refuse on ground water quality at two wast*
 disposal sites.  Suggestions for Improvement of storage facilities, and
 control systems are expected to result from this project.  EPA

 M79-36   UTILIZATION OF STKEAIffUM RECORDS FOR PEBMIT STUDIES

 Uchty, J.  E. and Rightnour, T. A. (Skelly and Loy Consultants), in
 Proee*diiw;s, Symposium on Surface Mining Hydrology, Sedimentology, and
 Reclamation. Lexingtoo, Kentucky, by University of Kentucky and Institute for
 Hlnlnj and  Minerals Research,  Dec. 4-7. 1979,  S. B.  Carpenter, Ed.,
 University  of Kentucky, Office of Engineering Services, UKY BU119 (Dec.  197»),
 pe 67-72.   A regional  streamflow analysis method is presented for preparing
 hydrologlc  descriptions of flow conditions for mine permit applications.
 Rased on an Index-flood analysis, the method allows generation of regression
 equations between •»««-•«•_ mlmimum and average flow events and drainage  arm*
 for homogeneous regions.  A means of estimating seasonal variations of
 and low flows in Appalachla Is provided.  (Authors' abstract)  631 K961,
 CM52f

 H79-37  CHARACTERIZATION OF THREE ACID STRIP MIME LAKES IN GRUNDY COUNTY,
          ILLINOIS

 Master, U.  A.,  Argonne National Laboratory,  Land Reclamation Program, Report
 to Illinois Institute  of Natural Resources,  Project No.  80-027, ANL/LRP-TM-IS
 (Sept. 1979).   65 pp.   To identify factors limiting biological productivity,
 levels of dissolved oxygen,  specific conductance,  and temperature profiles
 were  determined for three acidic lakes.   The lake  with the poorest water
 quality had the least  diversity of aquatic vascular plants and benthic
 Invertebrates,   (from  author'a abstract)  DOE-ANL

 M79-3*  KTDROCCOLOCT  OF RECLAIMED GOLF COAST  LIGNITE MINES

 Methewaon,  C.  C..  Kemmedy,  J.  L. ,  and fmpper,  G. L. (Texaa MM University,
 Department  of  Geology),  in Proceedings,  Symposiisi  on Surface Mining Hydrology,
 Sedimentology.  and Reclame!iom, Lexington, Kentucky, by University of Kentucky
 and Institut*  for  Mining and Minerals Research,  Dec.  4-7,  1979,  S.  1.
 Carpenter,  Ed.,  University of  Kentucky,  Office of  Engineering Services,
 UKT BU119 (Dec.   1979).   pe  321-330.   This study has concluded that the
 hydrogeology of a  reeltimed  surface mine Is  controlled by the climate, pre-
mlns  hydrogeology,  and  the stratigraphy  of the mine site,  and that the risk of
 aquifer  pollution  is minimal in moat  CAMS.  (Pro* authors'  abstract)   631
1961,  CEJ32W

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M79-39   ACID COAL NINE DRAINAGE;  PAST POLLUTIOK AND CUMJEKT  RECCLATION

McCinley, P- C. and Sweet, T. J. (West Virgin!* University, College of  Law),
Duquesne Law Review ^2. (1), 67-97  (1978-79).  The authors  review the  legal
history of the effects of acid nine drainage on public and  private waters.
They discuss at length the requirements of recent Federal  legislation for mine
drainage treatment and control:  the  1972 and 1977 Amendments  to the  Federal
Water Pollution Control Act which  Include requirements for  developing the
'National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System" (MPDES)  and  the
identification and adoption of "best  practicable control  technology currently
available" (BPT) and "best available  technology economically achievable"
(BAT); and the Federal Surface Mining and Reclamation Act  of  1977.  EPA is
reproved for not applying these laws  to post-mining discharges and the
arguments relating to the agency's position are summarized.  CES32

M79-40   SIMULATION OF THE EFFECTS OF SURFACE MINING ON  GROUNDWATES  IN THE
         POWDER RIVER BASIN

Mclntosh, G. E. (U.S. Bureau of Mines, Denver, Colorado),  Mining Engineering
31 (*). Mi-390 (April 1979),  This paper describes an ongoing five-year
project designed to assess and predict the impacts which surface coal mining
will have on the regional shallow  groundwater systems  in the  Powder  River
Basin.  Discussed are plans for:   (1) the design and establishment of a
regional network for monitoring  shallow groundwater systems;  (2) monitoring
the direction and rate of flow, water quality, and aquifer characteristics of
the shallow groundwater systems; and  (3) development of  a regional  grouodwrneer
simulation model, with appurtenant subroutines to determine local effects.
(From author's abstract)  Jour,  CE757

H79-41   TIOCA RIVER MINE DRAINAGE ABATEMENT  PROJECT

Hiorin, A.  F., Kllngensmlth,  R.  S.,  Heleer,  R.  E.,  and Sallunas, J.  R.,
Gannett Fleming Corddry and  Carpenter,  Inc.,  in  cooperation with Pennsylvania
Department  of  Environmental  Resources,  Report  to U.S.  EPA, Industrial
Environmental  Research Laboratory, Cincinnati,  Ohio,  Interagency
Energy-Environment  Research  and  Development  Program Report, EPA-400/7-79-03)
(Feb.  1979).   87 pp.  The  Tioga  River Demonstration Project in southeastern
Tloga  County,  Pennsylvania,  is  located  in  an area essentially defined  by an
isolated pocket of  coal  that  has been extensively deep and atrip mined within
the Pennsylvania Bituminous  Coal field.   Acid mine drainage from abandoned
mines  is discharged  into  Morris  Run,  and  Coal  and Bear Creeks before they
enter  the Tioga River  near  Blossburg Borough.   Water in these  three  streams
generally has  a pH  of about  3.0 with a  net  acidity ranging from  200  to 1,000
milligrams  per liter.   This  project  demonstrated effective techniques  for mine
drainage abatement,  reduced  a specific  mine drainage problem, sad restored
portions  of a strip mined area  to their  approximate original  surface grades.
Techniques  demonstrated  Included restoration of strip pita utilising
agricultural limestone  and waatewater sludge as soil conditioners, burial of
acid-forming materials within strip mines  that were restored, sad
reconstruction and  lining of a stream channel.  Effectiveness of these
preventive  measures and  their costs were determined.  Project  implementation


                                      95

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M79-41    (continued)

resulted  in an estimated acid reduction of 862 kilograms per day under average
groundwater conditions  from one  of the two project  sites.   Reductions in flows
and  loadings from the other project site could not  be confirmed because of
gaps  in the monitoring  data and  the relatively small size  of the site when
compared  to the  total mined area contributing to the discharges.  However,
large volumes of surface water now flow off the restored area to Fall Brook
during and  following  significant rainfalls, rather  than continuing to enter
the  underground  mine workings.   In addition,  16 and 13 percent reductions In
acidity concentrations  from the  associated mine drainage discharges were
documented.  (Authors'  abstract)  EPA

M79-42    HTOROLOGIC  IMPACTS OF SURFACE MINING OF COAL IN WESTERN NORTH DAKOTA

Koran, S. R.  (1),  Cherry, J.  A.  (2),  Rehm, B. (3),  and Groenewold, G. H. (4)
 [(1) Alberta Research Council, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada,  (2) University of
Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario,  (3) University of North Dakota, Engineering
Experiment  Station, and (4) North Dakota Geological Survey], in Proceedings,
Symposium on Surface Mining Hydrology,  Sedimentology, and  Reclamation,
Lexington,  Kentucky, by University of Kentucky and  Institute for Mining and
Minerals Research, Dec.  4-7,  1979,  S.  B. Carpenter, Ed., University of
Kentucky, Office of Engineering  Services,  UKY BU119 (Dec.  1979).  pp 57-65.
Three potential  hydrologic impacts  of surface mining in western North Dakota
are  discussed.   They  include transient water-level  drawdown in wells outside
the mining  area,  development  of  a post-mining water supply,  and impact of
mining and  reclamation  on water  quality.  Limited observational evidence
confirms analytical projections  of  potential  drawdown at two sites, which
suggest that  transient  water-level  declines adjacent to mine areas will be
minor.  Both  a major and the  several  minor aquifers underlying most mineable
coal beds as  well  as hydrologic  properites of cast  overburden and the rate at
which resaturation occurs suggest that  adequate rural water  supply may be
available within  some mined areas,  at least initially.  Although groundwater
chemistry in  cast  overburden  at  some  sites is little different from that prior
to mining,  calcium sulfate  type  groundwater,  with TDS values as much as 5
times as great as  prior  to  mining,  is  produced at most sites.   On the basis of
preliminary analyses It  appears  that  highly saline  water in  cast overburden
can produce a significant  deterioration of water quality in  surface streams in
the vicinity  of mine areas.   Further  work  is  needed to determine whether this
Impact will be a long term  problem.   (Adapted from  authors'  abstract)  631
K961, CE852e

M79-43   GROUNDWATER MONITORING  TO  FULFILL U.S.  OFFICE OF  SURFACE MINING
         REGULATIONS

Nawrockl,  M. A.  (Hittman  Associates,  Inc.),  in Proceedings,  Symposium on
Surface Mining Hydrology,  Sedimentology, and  Reclamation,  Lexington, Kentucky
by University of Kentucky and  Institute for Mining  and Minerals Research, Dec!
4-7, 1979,  S. B.   Carpenter,  Ed.,  University  of Kentucky,  Office of
Engineering Services, UKY BU119  (Dec.  1979).   pp 139-143.  An  overview of the
                                     96

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M79-43   (continued)

U.S. Office of Surface Mining's (OSM) Permanent  Regulatory  Program  as  related
to the requirements for monitoring of groundwater around surface  coal  mines  is
presented.  Basic requirements for groundwater baseline data  are  presented  and
methods for obtaining these data are discussed.  Included in  the  flow
measurement discussion are data sources, methods of measuring depth to water,
flowing well measurements, and aquifer characteristics determination.   The
presentation on groundwater quality measurements includes discussions  of data
sources, methods of sample collection, common, field-measured  parameters, and
sample preservation and storage for laboratory analysis.  Modeling  of
groundwater systems as related to  the fulfillment of  OSM's  regulations is also
discussed.  Digital and analytical models are summarized as to their
applicability.  (Author's abstract)  631 K961, CE852k

M79-44   CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF MINE DRAINAGE FOR REMOVAL OF MANGANESE  TO
         PERMISSIBLE LIMITS

Nicholas, G. D. and Foree, E. G. (University of  Kentucky),  in Proceedings,
Symposium on Surface Mining Hydrology, Sedimentology, and Reclamation,
Lexington, Kentucky, by University of Kentucky and  Institute  for  Mining and
Minerals Research, Dec. 4-7,  1979, S. B. Carpenter, Ed., University of
Kentucky, Office of Engineering Services, UKY BU119 (Dec.  1979).   pp 181-187.
Lime and sodium hydroxide were used to remove manganese  from  waters collected
from three active surface mine sites.  These waters were selected to provide a
wide range of manganese concentrations and  varying  percentages of other
dissolved metals.  The effects of  raw water composition, reagent  selection,
and reagent dosages on manganese removal, settling  rate, sludge volumes,
specific resistances, and concurrent removal of  other dissolved species are
reported.  The pH values necessary for manganese removal to meet  Environmental
Protection Agency and Office  of Surface  Mining monthly  average limitations  of
2 mg/L were found to vary between  8.4 and 9.25 depending on raw water
composition and reagent selection.  Lime treatment  was  found  to be
particularly advantageous for high sulfate  water.   Differences in lime and
sodium hydroxide treatment became  less pronounced  at  lower  pH levels.
Chemical requirements and other design considerations such  as required
sedimentation  basin area for  a flow of one  cfs are  also reported  for the
various waters.  (Adapted from authors'  abstract)   631  K961,  CE852o

M79-45   HYDROLOGIC ASPECTS  OF  SEDIMENT  DAMS IN  SERIES

Notary, A. L.  and Nesbitt, P. D.  (Nesbitt Engineering,  Inc.), in Proceedings,
Symposium on  Surface Mining  Hydrology,  Sedimentology, and  Reclamation,
Lexington, Kentucky, by University.of Kentucky and Institute  for Mining and
Minerals Research,  Dec. 4-7,  1979, S.  B. Carpenter, Ed., University of
Kentucky, Office of  Engineering  Services,  UKY BU119  (Dec.   1979).   pp  331-346.
The  proposed  final  regulations of  the  Federal  Office of Surface Mining  (OSM)
specifies effluent  limitations for water discharged from sediment dams.  In
addition  to  these  performance specifications,  physical design standards  for
such dams are  delineated, along with minimum acceptable detention times.  OSM
defines  theoretical  detention time as  the  time  difference   between the


                                      97

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M79-45    (continued)

centroids of  the  inflow  and  outflow  hydrographs.   Using  runoff  hydrography
generated from  synthetic  rainfall distributions,  the  implications  of this
definition for  the  design of sediment  dans  in aeries  is  investigated, and an
equation  to calculate  the detention  time  in series dams  is  proposed.  Based on
several different dam  and spillway configurations for two representative
watersheds in Eastern  Kentucky,  the  additional detention time resulting from
constructing  dams in series  is not always large enough to justify  the
construction  of the second dam.  (Authors'  abstract)   631 K961,  CE852x

M79-46    DISCHARGE  ESTIMATES IN  SURFACE-*1INE AREAS USING CHANNEL-GEOMETRY
          TECHNIQUES

Osterkamp, W. R.  and Kedman,  E.  R. (U.S.  Geological  Survey,  Water  Resources
Division,  Lawrence, Kansas),  in  Proceedings,  Symposium on Surface  Mining
Hydrology, Sedimentology,  and Reclamation,  Lexington, Kentucky,  by University
of Kentucky and Institute for Mining and  Minerals Research,  Dec. 4-7, 1979, S.
B. Carpenter, Ed.,  University of Kentucky,  Office of  Engineering Services,
UKY BUI19 (Dec. 1979).   pp 43-49.  The method uses the empirical development
of simple or  multiple  power-function equations yielding  a discharge value from
channel-configuration  and channel-material  data.   The equations  have been
developed by  collecting  geometry and sediment data at numerous  gaged sites and
statistically relating those data to specified discharge characteristics.  The
principal advantage of the channel-geometry method is that estimates of
discharge  can be  obtained  quickly and  inexpensively.   (From  authors' abstract)
631 K961,  CE852c

M79-47    MINE SPOIL BANK  HYDRAULICS

Pearson,  F. H.  (University of California, Berkeley,  Sanitary Engineering
Research  Labortory), in  Proceedings, Symposium on Surface Mining Hydrology,
Sedimentology,  and  Reclamation,  Lexington,  Kentucky,  by  University of Kentucky
and Institute for Mining  and Minerals  Research,  Dec.  4-7, 1979,  S.  B.
Carpenter, Ed., University of Kentucky, Office of Engineering Services,
UKY BU119  (Dec. 1979).  pp 255-263.  A method is  presented for estimating
hydrographs of  seepage flow  from spoil banks  of specified geometry,
permeability, and porosity under given time patterns  of  infiltration at the
spoil bank surface.  When  such hydrographs  are combined  with estimated total
loadings of pollutants leached from the spoil by  rain, pollutographa can be
developed  of  the  rate of  discharge of  pollutants  such as acidity,  sulfate, and
metals from the spoil bank.  The method for estimating hydrographs  is based on
finite element analysis,  and also shows the rising profile of the  water table
within a  spoil bank during rainfall, and  the  falling  profile after  rain.
Calculations illustrate the high degree of  muting of  peak flows  from the spoil
bank due  to temporary storage within the  water table  in  the  bank.   Diagrams
facilitate programming of  the method for  given field  situation.  Hydrographs
and pollutographs are useful in  stream water  quality  Impact  studies, and in
the design of abatement measures.  (From  author's abstract)   631 K961, CE852t
                                     98

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M79-48   SCULPTURING RECLAIMED LAND TO DECREASE  EROSION

Schaefer, M., Elifrits, D., and Barr, D. J.  (University of  Mlssouri-Rolla),  in
Proceedings, Symposium on  Surface Mining Hydrology,  Sedimentology,  and
Reclamation, Lexington, Kentucky, by University  of Kentucky and  Institute for
Mining and Mineral Research, Dec. 4-7, 1979,  S.  B. Carpenter,  Ed.,  University
of Kentucky, Office of Engineering Services,  UKY BU119  (Dec.  1979).
pp 99-109.  A study of three strip mine sites in Boone, Randolph and Macon
Counties, Missouri, indicated that reclaimed mine land, even when graded to
acceptable specification,  is left with an  extremely  high potential for erosion
and sediment yield.  Compliance with reclamation law apparently  caused grading
practices which created convex rounded slopes with long uninterrupted surfaces
available for overland flow.  Preliminary  inveatigationa indicate that a
designed drainage  system  of random patterns  with a density  calculated from
equations relating optimum drainage density, soil erosional shear strength,
average hillside slope of  concave  shape, a surface roughness coefficient, and
average runoff intensity  can be constructed  to minimize high initial erosion
of reclaimed land.  The proposed procedure is, In effect, a way in which to
sculpture the land into a  shape that approximates what  would be  a natural
surface in dynamic equilibrium with its environment.  (From authors' abstract)
631 K96I, CE852J

M79_49   BLACK HATER AND  TWO PECULIAR  TYPES  OF STRATIFICATION IN AN
         ORGANICALLY LOADED STRIP-MINE LAKE

Stahl, J. B. (Southern Illinois University,  Department  of Zoology), Water
Research ±3  (5), 467-471  (1979).   During  the suimner  of  1969, weekly water
samples were taken from a lake near DeSoto,  Jackson  County, Illinois, to
Investigate  the cause and distribution af  black water.   Along with a thermal
stratification, two  types of  chemical  stratification, due to the presence of
ferrous aulfide, were observed.   It was  suggested that the one type of
chemical  stratification,  produced  by  the  process of photosynthesis and  the
reduction of aulfate, be  employed  to  improve the water quality of strip-nine
lakes.  CE83B

M79-50    THE EFFECT  OF UNCERTAINTY IN  SEDIMENTATION POND DESIGN

Vandivere, W.  B.,  Davis,  D.  R.,  and  Fogel, M. M. (University of  Arizona,
School of Renewable  Natural  Resources  and Department of Hydrology and Water
Resources),  American Society of  Agricultural Engineers, Winter Meeting,  New
Orleans,  Louisiana,  Dec.  11-14,  1979.   Paper No. 79-2523.   7 pp.  A
hypothetical watershed  composed of graded mine  spoils  was  subjected  to
computer  simulation  to  evaluate  the sensitivity  of  peak  flows and sediment
yield to  Soil  Conservation Service curve number  selection.  A stochastic
precipitation model  served as  the Input to a modified  Universal  Soil  Loss
Equation (USLE).   Results were then compared  to  those  derived from  the  USLE-
 (Authors' Suasiary)  ASAE, CE836b
                                      99

-------
 M79-51   SIZING SURFACE MINE SEDIMENT CONTROL RESERVOIRS FOR THEORETICAL
          DETENTION TIME

 Ward, A. D., Barfield, B. J., and Tapp, J. S. (University of Kentucky,
 Agricultural Engineering Department), in Proceedings, Symposium on Surface
 Mining Hydrology, Sedimentology, and Reclamation, Lexington, Kentucky, by
 University of Kentucky and Institute for Mining and Minerals Research, Dec.
 4-7,  1979, S. B. Carpenter, Ed., University of Kentucky, Office of Engineering
 Services,  UKY BU119 (Dec. 1979).  pp 73-82.  Unless chemical addition is used
 to enhance settling, surface- mine sediment-control reservoirs must be
 designed to have theoretical detention times of 10-24 hours, and must control
 effluent sediment concentrations to less than 70 mg/1 for a 10-year, 24-hour
 storm event,  as  required by Public Law 95-87, the Surface Mine Reclamation Act
 of 1977.   Procedures ranging from a complex computer model, DEPOSITS, to
 simple triangular hydrograph approximations,  are described.  Recommendations
 are also presented for methods of designing reservoirs to meet the detention
 time  requirements of the permanent surface mine regulations.  (From authors'
 abstract)   631  K961, CE852g

 M79-52   EFFECTS OF FLOW CONTROL STRUCTURES ON SETTLING BASINS

 Williams,  R.  G.  and Kao, T.  Y.  (University of Kentucky), American Society of
 Agricultural  Engineers,  Winter Meeting,  New Orleans, Louisiana, Dec.  11-14,
 1979.   Paper  No. 79-2525.   14 pp.  A hydraulically modeled sediment retention
 basin was  used  to evaluate  the relative  performance of seven inlet and outlet
 structure  combinations.   Each structure  combination was evaluated for six
 inflow rates  and four  inflow concentrations.   Data analysis and discussion
 presented,  and  it was  shown that Inflow  and outflow structures have a
 definitive  effect on sediment  retention  basin performance.  (Authors' Summary)
 ASAE,  CE836a

 M79-53  EVALUATION OF SEDIMENTATION PERFORMANCE

 Wilmoth, R. C. (1),  Hill, R.  D.  (1),  and Ettinger, C.  E.  (2) [(1)  U.S.  EPA,
 Industrial  Environmental Research Laboratory,  Cincinnati,  Ohio and (2)  Skelly
 and Loy],  American  Society  of  Agricultural Engineers,  Winter Meeting, New
 Orleans, Louisiana,  Dec.  11-14,  1979.  Paper  No.  79-2526.   33 pp.   Provided 18
 an  in-depth discussion of the  various  factors,  including  storm frequency and
 particle size distribution,  involved  in  sedimentation  pond performance.   Also
 described  Is a study conducted  in West Virginia  to evaluate  the effects  of
 inlet  baffles and outlet  structure design  on  short circuiting.   ASAE, CE836d

 M79-54   REMOVAL OF  TRACE ELEMENTS FROM  ACID  MINE  DRAINAGE

Wilmoth, R. C.,  Kennedy, J. L.,  Hall, J. R.,  and  Stuewe, C.  W.,  U.S.  EPA,
 Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory,  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  and
Hydroscience, Inc.,  Interagency  Energy-Environment Research  and  Development
Program Report EPA-600/7-79-101  (April 1979).  87  pp.   Lime  neutralization,
reverse osmosis, and ion exchange were studied for their effectiveness  in
removing mg/1 levels of  ten specific trace  elements  from spiked  acid  mine
drainage under typical operating  conditions.  The  specified  trace  elements


                                     100

-------
M79-54   (continued)

were arsenic, boron, cadmium, chromium, copper, mercury, nickel, phosphorus,
selenium, and zinc.  Treatment by lime neutralization was very effective  in
removing arsenic, cadmium, copper, mercury, nickel, and zinc, and  relatively
ineffective In removing boron and phosphorus.  Reverse osmosis was very
effective in rejecting arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, nickel, and zinc,
and relatively ineffective in rejecting boron.  The two-bed  (strong acid-weak
base) Ion exchange system was very effective  in removing all of  the trace
elements except phosphorus and boron.  None of the three treatment methods «»•
very effective in removing phosphorus.  (From authors' abstract)   CE224

M79-55   THREE STAGE APPROACH TO GROUNDWATER CONTROL DESIGN  AND  EVALUATION FOR
         STRIP MINES

Wilson, J. L., Ill {!), Barley, B. M.  (1),  Schrelber, R. P.  (1), and  Rlordan,
P. J. (2)  [(1) CDM/Resource Analysis  and  (2)  Consulting Geotechnical
Engineer], in Proceedings, Symposium  on Surface Mining Hydrology,
Sedimentology, and Reclamation, Lexington,  Kentucky, by University of Kentucky
and Institute for Mining and Minerals  Research, Dec. 4-7,  1979,  S.  B.
Carpenter, Ed., Unlveratity of Kentucky,  Office of Engineering Services,  UKY
BU119 (Dec.  1979).  pp 175-180.  The  first  stage consists of  simple  model
studies, based on typical stratigraphy and  properties, for the selection  And
design of « control system.  The second stage consists of  local  calibrated
groundwater model studies, used to predict  expected  time variations of
dewaterIng volumes, uplift pressures,  and drawdown during  the  first years of
mine operation.  The third stage evaluates  the  Impacts of  the  control system
on neighboring water supplies and stream  base flow,  using a  calibrated
regional groundwater model.  This approach  can  b« used for « comprehensive
study of mine groundwater control or  any  stage  can be  used  alone when a more
limited  study is required.  (From authors'  abstract)  631  K961,  CE852n

                                     1980

M80-1    AREAWIDE  ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT  FOR  ISSUING NEW SOURCE NPDES
         PEHMITS FOR COAL MINES, GAULEY RIVER BASIN, WEST  VIRGINIA

U.S. EPA,  Region III,  Jan.  1980.   15  pp.-*-map.   In  the EPA areawide approach
to the environmental review process  for  the requirements  for the "National
Pollutant  Discharge Elimination System"  (NPDES),  baseline  Information la  being
compiled on geology and geography, on historic,  aesthetic,  and recreation*!
sites, on  endangered  species,  on  environmentally sensitive areas, and on
stream water  quality of watersheds affected by  coal  mining.   This description
of the information  gathered from  the  sparsely populated,  relatively
undeveloped  Gauley  River  Basin is  accompanied by a map showing the portion*
designated as  Potentially Significant Impact Areas.   The results of this
environmental  survey,  together with  the Supplemental Information Fora
submitted  for  each application for  a mining permit aids in the evaluation of
the  environmental  impact  of a New Source  coal mine.   CE791a
                                      101

-------
                                 AUTHOR INDEX
 Agnew, A. F.
    M66-52    M73-84    M76-30
 Ahmad, M. U.
    M73-84
 Akamatsu, M. C. L.
    M77-62
 Akerbergs, M.
    M79-26
 Aker6, D. J.
    M76-47    M76-64    M77-51
 Alderman, J. K.
    M77-2     M77-3
 Aletl, A.
    M75-57
 Anderson, C. E.
    M79-1
 Anderson, W. C.
    M76-25    M78-1
 Angles, J,
    M78-2
 Anthony, A.
    M71-99
 Apel,  W. A.
    M76-26
 Arora, H. S.
    M78-4
 Auernhamer,  M.  E*
    M77-6

 Backus, F.
    M77-14
 Baganz, B.
    M77-13
 Bales, J.
    M79-3
 Barfield,  B.  J.
    M78-3     M79-4      M79-5
    M79-27     M79-51
 Barnes,  T. G.
    M76-28
 Barahisel, R. I.
    M78-3      H79-27
 Barr,  D.  J.
    M79-48
 Barr,  W.  C.
    M79-6      M79-13
Barton,  P.
   M76-29
Baecle, B. J.
   M76-30
 Baskin, L.
    M77-8
 Batch,  D.  L.
    M74-90
 Bates,  E.  R.
    M78-27
 Backer, B.  C.
    M76-56
 Beers,  W.  F.
    H73-85    M79-12
 B«naon, A.
    M75-55    M76-31
 Bttson, R.
    M79-7
 Beteon, R.  P.
    M79-13
 Binder, J.  J.
    M77-10
 Blasonnette, G.  K.
    M78-12    M78-21
 Blackwood,  T.  R.
    M78-50
 Boegly,  W.  J., Jr.
    M78-4    M78-8
 Boiler,  J.  E.
    M75-69
 Boyer,  J. F.,  Jr.
    M76-32    M77-9
 Branson, B. A.
    M74-90
 Brenner, F. J.
    M76-33    M76-34
 Brlggs,  G.
   M77-55
 Brlggs,  J. M.
   M79-1
 Bright,  J.
   M76-53
 Brogden, R. E.
   M78-18
 Brookaan, G. T.
   M77-10
 Brojran,  J. G.
   M77-64
 Bryan, B. A.
   M79-8
Bryant, H.  L.
   M72-93
Bryson, H.
   M78-2
M78-5
                                     102

-------
                                AUTHOR INDEX
Bucek, M. F.
   M77-11    M79-9
Buckwalter, T. F.
   M79-10
Burchinal, J. C.
   M63-29
Burner, C. C.
   M53-14    M54-21
Butler, J. L.
   M77-46

Cairney, T.
   M77-12
Cairns , J. > Jr.
   M78-25
Campbell, J. M.
   M77-65
Canton, S. P.
   M78-51
Carey, W. P.
   M79-11
Carpenter, S. B.
   M79-3     M79-4
   M79-8     M79-9
   M79-15    M79-18
   M79-26    M79-27
   M79-32    M79-36
   M79-42    M79-43
   M79-45    M79-46
   M79-48    M79-51
Caruccfo, F. T.
   M77-13    M77-27
Cerrillo, L. A.
   M79-29
Chadwick, M. J.
   M75-53
Chamberlain, E. A. C.
   M76-28    M76-44
Chambers, B. R.
   M76-81
Charnego, M. R.
   M67-74
Cherry, J. A.
   H79-22    M79-42
Chiu,  S. Y.
   M75-57
Chu, T.-Y. J-
   M77-16
Ciolkosz, E. J.
   M73-85    M79-12
M79-6
M79-11
M79-24
M79-29
M79-38
M79-44
M79-47
M79-55
M76-45
Clark, G. M.
   M76-82
Clark, W. F.
   M75-65    M75-70
Colabrese, J. F.
   M76-64    M77-51
Cole, C. A,
   M77-14
Collin, M. L.
   M75-47
Coltharp, G. B.
   M77-30
Connell, J. F.
   M76-35
Contractor, 0. N.
   M76-35
Cooke, W. B.
   M76-36
Cooper, E. L.
   M71-99
Cooper, W. L.
   M76-33
Corbett, R. G.
   M77-15
Corbett, S.
   M76-34
Cox,  D. B.
   M77-16    M79-13
Cox,  M. F.
   M77-72
Crerar, D. A.
   M78-30    M78-31
Croeaman, J. S.
   M79-13
Grouse, H. L.
   M77-62
Curran, L. M.
   M75-48
Curtis, W. R.
   M77-20    M78-7

Daughton, G.
   M77-17
Davis,  D. R.
   M79-50
Davis,  E. C.
   M78-4     M78-8
Deely,  D.
   M77-18
                                              M79-14
                                      103

-------
                                 AUTHOR INDEX
 Dettmann, E. H.
    M76-73    M78-10
 Deul, M.
    M71-100
 Di Luzio, F. C.
    M66-54
 Dodge, C. H.
    M79-10
 Doherty, F.   G.
    M78-29
 Dollhopf, D. J.
    M79-15
 Double, M.  L.
    M77-19    M78-12
 Dougherty,  Mi  T.
    M76-39    M76-79
 Dreese, G.  R«
    M72-93
 Drevna, C.  T.
    M75-49
 Dugan, P. R.
    M75-50    M75-51
    M77-62
 Duneon, W.  A.
    M77-78
 Dyer,  K. L.
    M77-20
 Dyer,  R.
    M77-21

 Edens, D.
    M74-91
 Edmunds, W.  M.
    M75-52
 Edwards, R.  W.
    M77-37
 Ehrllch,  H.  L,
    M64-17
 Eikenberry,  S.  E.
    M78-13
 Elifrlts, D.
    M79-48
 Emel,  J.  L.
    M77-11    M77-23
 Ettinger, C. E.
    M79-16   M79-53
Evans,  R. L.
   M78-17
Evans, W. A.
   M78-29
M76-26
 Faucon, A.  S.
    M76-41
 Perm,  J.  C.
    M77-13
 Fernandez-Rublo,  R.
    M79-17
 Ferraro,  F.  A.
    M77-26
 Filppt, J. A.
    M76-26
 Fisher, A. B.
    M78-14
 Fltzpatrick,  J.
    M79-29
 Fogel,  M. M.
    M77-6      M79-50
 Ford,  C,  T.
    M78-19
 Foree,  E. G.
    M79-18    M79-44
 Fowler, D. E.
    M76-63
 Freeland, M.
    M79-29
 Frledrlch, A. E.
    M76-63
 Frost,  R« C.
    M78-15    M78-16
    M79-20
 Fukuda, K.
    M75-74
 Furbish,  W. J.
    M77-67

 Gale, W.  F.
    M76-42
 Garrett,  R.  L.
    M76-53
 Gasper, D. C.
    M76-43
 Geldel, G.
   M77-13     M77-27
 Gcrharc,  J.  M.
    M77-28
 Glbb, J.  P.
   M78-17
 Gibbons,  J.  W.
   M78-29    M78-51
Giles, T. F.
   M78-18
                                             M79-19
                                     104

-------
                                 AUTHOR INDEX
Gleason, V.  E.
   M76-32    M77-9
Glover, H. G.
   M75-53    M76-44
Goering, J.  D.
   M79-15
Gooding, W.  E.
   M76-46
Goodman, G.  I.
   M75-53
Gormley, J.  T.
   M77-62
Grady, W. C.
   M76-47    M77-29
Graves, D. H.
   M77-30
Gray, L. J.
   M78-51
Greenfield,  J. P.
   M78-20
Grier, W. F.
   M76-48
Groenewold,  G. H.
   M79-21    M79-22
Gulliford, J. B.
   M79-32
Gun net t, J.  W.
   M76-62

Haan, C. T.
   M77-31
Hackbarth, D. A.
   M79-23
Hackney, C.  R.
   M78-21
Haigh, M. J.
   M78-22
Halle, D. M.
   M75-9     M77-72
Hakanson, D. E.
   M76-76
Hall, J. R.
   M79-54
Ham111, L.
   M77-12
Hamilton, D. A.
   M77-32
Hampton, E.  L.
   M79-24
M78-19

M76-45
M79-42
Hardaway, J.
   M79-25
Harley, B. M.
   M79-55
Harris, E. F.
   M78-54
Harrison, J. E.
   M77-33
Haafurther, V, R.
   M79-26
Hawkes, C. L.
   M78-23
Hayes, J. C.
   M78-3     M79-5
Hays, H. A.
   M60-26
Hedberg, D. W.
   M79-15
Hedges, R. B.
   M75-70    M75-71
Hedtnan, E. R.
   M79-46
Heenan, M. T.
   M77-34
Heintz, J. W.
   M66-54
Heizer, R. E.
   M76-67    M77-56
Hekman, L. H.,Jr.
   M77-6
Hemish, L. A.
   M79-22
Henry, J. D., Jr.
   M76-49    M78-24
Henton, M. P.
   M76-50
Hern, J. L.
   M76-84
Herrlcks, E. E.
   M76-51    M78-25
Herring, W. C.
   M77-35
Hester, N. C.
   M78-33
Hewlett, J. D.
   M79-8
Hidalgo, R. V.
   M75-67
Hill, G. F.
   M78-26
                                              M79-27
                                              M78-49
                                              M79-41
                                      105

-------
                                AUTHOR  INDEX
H1U, R. D.
   M78-27    M79-28    M79-53
Hollowell, J. R.
   M74-92    M75-54
Holzen, H. H.
   M76-39
Home, J.
   M77-13
Hounslow, A. W.
   M79-29
Huff, L. L.
   M78-28
Hughes, B. D.
   M77-37
Hummon, M. R.
   M78-29
Hummon, W. D.
   M75-60    M76-41    M76-68
   M78-29
Hunter, J. A.
   M66-54
Huntsman, B. E.
   M75-69    M77-72

Imanaga, Y,
   M75-74
Ireland, M.  P.
   M78-20

Jacobsen, J.
   M76-52
Jacobsen, I. V.
   M76-42
Janes, I. C., II
   M77-38
Janes, W. P.
   M76-53
Janiak,  H.
   M76-54    M76-55    M77-39
   M79-31
Jarrell, G.  A.
   M78-28
Jenkins, C.  R.
   M76-75    M76-81
Jeering, E.  A.
   M77-62
Joseph,  T. W.
   M77-40
Kao, T. Y.
   M79-52
Kapolyl, L.
   M77-41
Kardos, L. T.
   M73-85    M79-12
Kathurla, D. V.
   M76-56
Keller, E. C., Jr.
   M73-86    M73-87
Kennedy, J. L.
   M77-68    M79-38
King, T.
   M76-53
Klpp, J. A.
   M79-32
Klarberg, D. P.
   M75-55
Klelnmann, R. L. P.
   M78-30    M78-31
Klingensmith, R. S.
   M76-67    M77-56
Knap con, J. R.
   M77-42
Knight, A. L.
   M77-43
Knight, F. J.
   M77-56
Koester, H. E.
   M75-54    M76-57
Kohlbeck, R. A.
   M76-58
Kopyta, F.
   M73-86
Koryak, M.
   M72-94    M79-34
Kristlansen, H.
   M76-59
Kugatow, H. A.
   M77-44
Kuo, C. H. A.
   M76-49    M78-24

Lackey, J. L.
   H79-24
Lange, R. W., II
   M76-81
Leist, C.
   M53-14
M79-54
M79-33

M79-41
                                     106

-------
                                AUTHOR INDEX
Leitch, R. D.
   M31-8
Lenkevlch, H. J.
   M77-46
LeBcinsky, J.
   M76-57
Letternan, R. D.
   M78-32
Leung, S. S.
   M78-33
Lewis, M.
   M76-60
Liblckl, J.
   M76-61    M77-45
Llchcy, J. E.
   M79-36
Ueb, J. A.
   M71-101
Liu, J.-H.
   M78-45
Long, D. A.
.   M77-46
Lovell, II. L.
   M68-101   M77-54
Loy, L. D., Jr.
   H76-62
Lui, A. P.
   M76-49

Mac, See also Me
MacHoae, C. L.
   M76-33
Haneval, D. R.
   M77-65
Manning, H. L.
   M75-56
Manula, C. B.
   M77-60
Martin, J. F.
   M77-62
Martos, F.
   M77-47
Maaer, K. R.
   M77-48    M77-49
Master, W. A.
   M79-37
MathewBon, C. C.
   M79-38
Me, See also Mac
M79-35
M77-62
McCarthy, R, E.
   M72-95
McConnell, C, H.
   M76-63
McCoy, V. W.
   M79-24
McDermott, J. J.
   M78-49
McDonald, D. G., Sr.
   M77-50
McDonnell, A. J.
   M74-93    M75-62
McElroy, A. D.
   M75-57
McFeters, G. A.
   M78-36
McGinley, P. C.
   M79-39
Me In tosh, G. E.
   M79-40
McKinley, P. W.
   M77-42
McMillan, B. £.
   M76-64    M77-51
McUhorter, D. B.
   M7A-93
Mead, J.
   M77-8
Medve, R. J.
   M76-89
Meleen, N. H.
   M77-52
Menendez, R.
   M76-65
Mensel, D. C.
   M77-62
Metry, A. A.
   M77-53
Meyer, C. N.
   M79-22
Miholt, E. A.
   M71-100
Miknis, J. J.
   M77-54
Millar, W. N.
   M75-59
Miller, C. F.
   M76-48
                                             M75-63
                                      107

-------
                                 AUTHOR INDEX
 Minear,  R»  A.
    M75-58    M75-68
    M76-86    M77-55
 Mlorin,  A.  F.
    M76-67    M77-56
 Mitchell, R.  B.
    M71-99
 Mitsch,  W.  J.
    M78-32
 Mohring,  E.  H.
    M78-30   M78-31
 Molineki, A.  E.
    M77-14
 Montano,  P.  A.
    M78-47
 Montgomery,  W.  H.
    M79-34
 Moore, I.  D.
    M79-4
 Koran, S.  R.
    M79-42
 Myers, P.  S.
    M75-59

 Napier,  S.,  Jr.
    M76-68
 Nawrocki, M. A.
    M76-56   M79-43
 Nebgcn,  J.  W.
    M75-57   M76-69
 Neely, J.  C.,  Ill
    M70-118
 Neff, W.  H.
    M71-99
 Nesbitt,  P.  D.
    M79-45
 Newton,  J.  G.
    M77-43
 Nicholas, G. D.
    M79-44
 Noake, J. S.
    M77-17
 North, J. C.
    M79-24
 Notary, A. L.
    M79-45

Oberlies, J. W., Jr.
   M76-71
M76-66


M79-41
 Olem,  H.
   M76-72     M78-35
 01 sen,  J.  D.
   M77-85
 01 sen,  R.  D.
   M76-73     M7B-10
 Olson,  G.  J.
   M78-36
 Orciarl, R. D.
   M75-60
 Ortiz,  C.
   M76-53
 Orton,  D,  J.
   M78-37
 Osterkamp, W. R.
   M79-46
 Overton, D. E.
   M77-55
 Owili-Eger, A.  S.
   M77-60

 Pagenkopf, G. K.
   M75-61    M75-70
 Parizek, R. R.
   M77-28
 Parsons , J. D.
   M77-61
 Paul,  S. N.
   M78-38
 Pearson, F. H.
   M74-95    M75-62
   M79-47
 Pegg, W. J.
   M76-75
 Penning ton, W.  L.
   M79-24
 Pepper, G. L.
   M79-38
 Peters, T, W.
   M78-39
 Pettyjohn, W. A.
   M75-64
 Phelpe, L. B.
   M78-40
 Pionke, H. B.
   M77-64
Pisapia, R.
   M73-86
Polcyn, A. J.
   M76-71
                                             M75-63
                                      108

-------
                                AUTHOR  INDEX
Porter, K. R.
   M76-76
Price, A.
   M78-19

Rahn, P. H.
   M75-65    M76-77
Ramani, R. V.
   M77-60
Rankin, D.
   M73-87
Rao,  R. G. 5.
   M78-4
Rawat, N. S.
   M76-78
Reed, E. B.
   M75-66
Rehu, B. W.
   M79-22    M79-42
Renton, J. J.
   M75-67    M78-47
Rhelna, M. S.
   M76-26
Ricca, V. T.
   M76-82
Richardson, A. R.
   M76-79
Riedinger, A
   M66-54
Rieg, N.
   M77-14
Rightnour, T. A.
   M79-36
Riordan, P. J.
   M79-55
Hoffman, H.
   H76-80
Rogowskl, A. S.
   M77-63    M77-64
Rose, J. G.
   M78-7
Rose, R. R.
   M75-58    M75-68
Rosenberg, J. I.
   H77-65
Rosso, W. A.
   M77-66
Rotell*. R. B.
   M73-88
Ruane, R. J.
   M77-16    M79-13
Rule, J.  H.
   M77-55    M77-67
Russell,  P. E.
   M78-47
Rueso, R. C.
   M77-77

Sack, W.  A.
   M76-81
Sallunas, J. R.
   M77-56    M79-41
Saporoschenko, M.
   M78-45
Savio, J. A.
   M78-12
Schaefer, M.
   M79-48
Schlner,  G. R.
   M79-10
Scholl, D. G.
   M78-41
Schrader, E. L., Jr.
   M77-67
Schreiber, R. P.
   M79-55
Schubert, J. P.
   M78-42
Schultz,  J.
   M66-54
Scott, R. B.
   M77-68    M78-54
Seiveka,  E. H.
   M66-54
Sendlein, L. V. A.
   M77-69    M77-70
Senftle,  F. E.
   M77-71    M78-44
Shane, R.
   M76-92
Shanholtz, V. 0.
   M76-35    M76-51
Shapiro,  M. A.
   M72-94
Shea, E.  P.
   M76-69
Shertrer, R,
   M76-34
M79-32
                                      109

-------
                                 AUTHOR INDEX
 Shiley,  R.
   M78-45
 Shotts,  R.  Q.
   M78-43
 Shumate, K.  S.
   M76-82
 Siddle,  H.  J.
   M77-17
 Silver-man,  M.  P.
   M64-17
 Simpson, T.  A.
   M78-43
 Sisler,  F.  D.
   M77-71    M78-44
 Skinner, J.
   M77-71
 Skogerboe,  G.  V.
   M74-93
 Skogerboe,  R.  K.
   M74-93    M77-77
 Slowey,  J.  F.
   M76-53
 Smith, E. E-
   M76-82    M77-62
 Smith, E. J.
   M76-83
 Smith, G. V.
   M78-45
 Smith, K. M.
   M76-42
 Smith, M. J.
   M75-69    M77-72
 Smith, W. M.
   M77-2     M77-3
 Solch, J. G.
   M75-69
 Stafford, L. J.
   M79-34
 Stahl, J. B.
   M79-49
 Stangl, D. W.
   M77-70    M79-32
 Stanley, W.  S.
   M78-29
 Stauffer, T. E.
   M68-101
 Steele, T. D.
   M76-91    M77-38    M78-46
Sterett, E.
   M78-43
Stiller, A. H.
   M78-47
Stockinger, N.  F.
   M60-26
Strohl, J. H.
   M76-84
Stuewe, C. W.
   M79-54
Svanks, K.
   M75-48
Swain, H. A., Jr.
   M73-88
Swart a , F. A.
   M77-74
Sweet, T. J.
   M79-39
Sykora, J. L.
   M72-94    M76-83    M76-87

Tackett, S. L.
   M72-96
Tapp, J. S.
   H79-18    H79-51
Tel Hard, W. A.
   M77-75
Thames, J. L.
   M77-6     M77-82
Therrien, C. D.
   M71-99
Thompson, D. R.
   M77-76
Thorp, J. H.
   M78-29    M78-51
Thurston, R. V.
   M77-77
Tollner, E. W.
   M79-5
Tomkiewicz, S. M., Jr.
   M77-78
Tsai, J. C.-H.
   M63-29
Tschantz, B. A.
   M75-58    M76-66    M76-86
   M77-55
Turnmire, J. B.
   M75-58

UltBch, G. R.
   M78-48
                                      110

-------
                                AUTHOR  INDEX
 Unz,  R.  F.
   M76-72
 Updegraff,  K.  F.
   M76-87
 Valentine,  M.
   M76-69
 Van Voast,  W.  A.
   M75-70    M75-71
 VanVoast, U.
   M75-61
 Vandegrlft, A.  E.
   M75-57
 Vanderborgh, N. E.
   M77-85
 Vandivere,  U.  B.
   M79-50
 Vatanatham, T.
   M76-29
 Vaughan, G. L.
   K77-55
 Verma, T. R.
   M77-82
 Villumaen,  A.
   M76-88

 Wachter, R. A.
   M77-83    M78-50
 Wade, W. A., Ill
   M77-10
Wagner,  P.
   M77-85
Wainberg, R. H.
   M78-29
Wall, M. K.
   M79-21
Walker,  B.  N.
   M76-89
Wallace, R. A.  P.
   M75-72
Wanek, P. L.
   M77-85
Wangsneas,  D.  J.
   M77-84
Ward, A. D.
   M79-51
Ward, J, R.
   M76-90
Ward, J. V.
   M78-51
M78-49
Warner, B. J.
   M75-69
Weatherman, D. F.
   M76-69
Wendt, G. W.
   M79-15
Wentz, D. A.
   M76-91
Wewerka, E. H.
   M77-85
Whitworth, C.
   M75-61
Whitworth, K.
   M78-52
Wieserman, L. F.
   M72-96
Williams, D. G.
   M77-62
Williams, J. M.
   M77-85
Williams, R. G.
   M79-4     M79-52
Wilmoth, R. C.
   M77-68    M77-86
   M78-54    M79-53
Wilson, H. W., Jr.
   M78-4
Wilson, J. L.
   M77-32    M79-55
Winczewski, L. M.
   M79-22
Witt, R. C.
   M76-46
Womack, J. D.
   M76-48
Wright, A. P.
   M75-73
Wright, R. A.
   M78-10

Yabuuchi, E.
   M75-74
Yeasted, J. G.
   M76-92
Yocum, S. C.
   M76-93
Youngatrom, M. P.
   M76-25
                                             M78-53
                                             M79-54
                                     111

-------
                                 GENERAL INDEX

 Abatement methods and programs (See also Alkaline regradlng; Anthracite coal
    fields, surface-mine reclamation; Bacteria In acid spoil, control by
    chemical Inhibitors; Bacteria in mine drainage, Inhibited by antibacterial
    agents; Burial of acid-forming materials; Daylighting; Elk Creek Acid Mine
    Drainage Project; Greene-Sullivan State Forest, Indiana; Mine closures;
    Mine flooding; Mine roof collapse; Mine sealing; Pennsylvania Department of
    Environmental Resources, Operation Scarlift; Planning for mining; Settler's
    Cabin Park;  Slurry Trenching; Streambed reconstruction;  Surface-mine
    reclamation  as abatement technique; Surface mining effects, Model State
    Program for  controlling water pollution; Water diversion)
       recommendations for research
          M78-19
       review
          M77-3      M79-28
 Absaloka Mine;  See Westmoreland Resources

 Academic Associates, Inc., Morgantown, West Virginia
    M77-4     M77-5
 Acid and nonacid streams compared
    M74-91
 Acid mine drainage (See also Analysis of mine water; Total  dissolved solids
    regulation)
       compared  to acid precipitation
          M77-61
       composition
          M76-45
       increase  projected  for the future
          M78-27
 Acid mine drainage effects (See also Biological effects;  Corrosiveness  o£  nHne
    waters;  Dilution equation to predict—;  Fish; Ground water;  Names of rivers
    and lakes; Public water supplies; Swamps;  Water quality)
       compared  to agriculture
          M78-10
       on Pennsylvania  soils
          M79-12
 Acid mine drainage formation (See  also Bacteria in mine drainage; Mlcrobial
    effects  on minerals; Pyrite  reactivity)
    M75-53   M75-67
       buried overburden materials
          M76-43
       overburden  materials
            Lower Kittanning B-coal, Kylertown,  Pennsylvania
                M77-63
       time-dependent  processes
          M77-27
Acid  mine  drainage research
       needs identified
         M77-62
Acid mine drainage  treatment; See Alumina-lime  soda  process;  Bacterial
   treatment of mine drainage;  Boiler blowdown  for  treating  coal storage pile

                                      J12

-------
                                 GENERAL  INDEX

Acid mine drainage  treatment  (continued) leachate; Electrobiochemlcal
   treatment; Eleetrochemcial treatment; Ernest Mine, Creekside,  Indiana
   County, Pennsylvania; Heavy metal removal; Ion-exchange  treatment;  Iron
   removal; Manganese removal; Modeling, treatment plant location;
   Neutralization;  Ozone treatment; Reverse osmosis; Silverdale Colliery; Soda
   ash/lime treatment;  Soils  for renovation of acid mine water; Trace  element
   removal; Use of  treated mine  water

Acid mine drainage  treatment  plants; See Hollywood, Pennsylvania, Experimental
   Mine Drainage Treatment Facility; Little Scrubgrass Creek, automatic
   lime-treatment plant; Silverdale Colliery

Acid rain; See surface-mine ponds, affected by acid precipitation

Ackenheil & Associates  Geo Systems, Inc.,  Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
   M76-46
Ackenheil, A. C,, & Associates,  Inc., Pittsburgh,  Pennsylvania
   M76-39    M76-79
Africa Engineering  Associates, Inc., Huntingdon,  Pennsylvania
   M76-93
Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of  Agriculture
      University Park,  Pennsylvania
         M77-63
Agriculture, U.S. Department  of; See Northeast Watershed Research Center;
   Northeastern Forest  Experiment Station; Rocky Mountain Forest and Range
   Experiment Station;  Soil Conservation Service

Akron, University of, Akron,  Ohio
      Department of Geology
         M77-15
Alabama, University of, University, Alabama
   M78-43
      Department of Biology
         M78-48
Alberta Research Council, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
   M79-23    M79-42
Algae; See Chlorella vulgaris

Alkaline regrading
   M76-62
Altoona Treatment Plant, Pennsylvania
   M77-46
Alumina-lime-aoda process
   M76-69
Aluminum floe from  treatment  plants
   M78-25
AMAX Coal Company,  Indianapolis, Indiana
   M77-35
                                     113

-------
                                 GENERAL INDEX

American  Electric  Power Service Corporation,  Environmental Engineering
    Division,  Canton,  Ohio
    H77-26
Analysis  of mine water (See also MHssbauer spectroscopy;  Polarography; Total
    dissolved  solids  regulation; Water quality;  Zeta potential)
       rapid field  method
            colorimeter
               M77-51
            development
               M76-64
Anthracite coal fields
       hydrology of abandoned  mines
          M74-92
       surface-mine reclamation
          M77-8
Appalachia (See also Appalachian Regional  Commission)
       coal industry affected  by legislation and regulation
          M77-65
Appalachian Regional Commission, U.S.  Government
    M76-46
Arch Mineral  Corp., St.  Louis,  Missouri
       Medicine Bow Mine,  Hanna,  Wyoming
          M79-29
Argonne National Laboratory,  Argonne,  Illinois
    M78-10   M78-33
       Division of  environmental  Impact Studies
          M76-73
       Energy and Environmental  Systems Division
          M78-42
            Land Reclamation  Program
               M79-37
Arizona State University, Tempe,  Arizona
       Department of Zoology
          M76-60    M78-51
Arizona,  University of, Tuscon,  Arizona
       Department of Hydrology and Water Resources
          M79-50
       School of Renewable Natural Resources
          M77-6     M77-82     M79-50
Armells Creek, Montana
   M77-42
Army Corps of Engineers; See  Corps of Engineers, U.S.  Department of  the  Army

Bacteria  in acid spoil
      control by chemical inhibitors
          M77-44
      iron-oxidizing
         M77-44
      sulfur-oxidizing
         M77-44

                                      114

-------
                                 GENERAL  INDEX

Bacteria  In nine  drainage  (See  also  Euglena  autabills;  Pyrite  oxidation,
   bacterial  action on  coal  refuse;  Refuse piles, activity  of  Iron  oxidizing
   bacteria;  Sanitary-indicator  —;  Thiobacillus ferrooxidans
       identifying  source of  water
          M76-28
       inhibited by antibacterial agents
            anlonic detergents
               M75-50    M78-31    M79-33
            quaternary  ammonium  compounds
               M67-74
       iron-salts-purlfled  ISP culture medium for
          M75-56
       sulfur-conversion bacteria in  surface-mine waters
          M7S-5I    K78-36
       Thiobacillus perometabolis identified
          M75-59
Bacterial treatment of  mine  drainage (See also  Rotating biological  contactor)
       iron-oxidizing bacteria
          M75-74
       sulfate-reducing  bacteria
          M75-50
Baker-Wibberley &  Associates, Inc.,  Hagerstown, Maryland
   M77-80
Barnes &  Tucker Co., Barnsboro,  Pennsylvania
   M77-79
Battelle  Memorial  Institute, Columbus, Ohio
       Columbus Division, Columbus, Ohio
          M75-48
Baukol Noonan Inc., Minot, North Dakota
       Center Mine, Center, North Dakota
          M79-21
Bear Branch Creek, Breathitt County, Kentucky
   M74-90   M77-20
Ben's  Creek, Pennsylvania
   M78-32
Benthic ollgochaetes
   M75-60
Benthic organisms
   M72-94
Bibliographies
   M63-29    M78-19
      annual literature review
         M76-32    M77-9
       leachates from coal  storage piles
         M78-8
Big Horn  Coal Company,  Omaha, Nebraska
       Big Horn Mine, Sheridan, Wyoming
         M76-73    M78-10
Big Sky Mine; See  Peabody Coal Company
                                     115

-------
                                 GENERAL INDEX

 Biological  effects  of acid mine drainage (See also Biota;  Fish;  Modeling,
    impact of mine drainage on stream biology; Stream recovery)
    M77-55    M77-78
       Ben's Creek,  Pennsylvania
         M78-32
       Ohio  streams
         M78-29
       River Calder, Lancashire
         M78-20
       Susquehanna River
         M76-42
       Trout Creek,  Colorado,  compared to eastern  streams
         M78-51
 Biological  surveys  (See  also  Ben's  Creek,  Pennsylvania;  Comberland  Plateau,
    Tennessee;  Hidden  Water Creek, Wyoming;  Lake Hope,  Vinton  County,  Ohio)
    M77-4     M77-5     M79-24
       Mercer County,  Pennsylvania
         M78-5
 Biota  (See also Algae; Benthic oligochaetes;  Benthlc organisms;  Boreal  toads;
    Lepidodermella squammata;  Mayflies;  Monongahela River,  acid stream effect
    on  biota of)
       in surface-mine ponds
         M75-66
            Kansas
               M60-26
 Bituminous Coal Research,  Inc.,  Monroeville,  Pennsylvania
    M76-32    M77-9     M77-73   M78-19
 Black  Mesa, Arizona,  hydrology
    M77-82
 Black  Mo shannon Creek, Centre  and Clearfield  Counties, Pennsylvania
    M71-99
 Boiler blowdown for treating  coal storage  pile leachate
    M78-1
 Boreal toads
    M76-76
 Brown  bullhead
       food habits in  Monongahela River  and  nonacid pond  compared
         M75-55
 Burial of acid-forming materials
   M79-41
Busseron Creek watershed,  Sullivan,  Vigo, Greene,  and  Clay Counties,  Indiana
   M78-13

COM/Resource Analysis, Waltham, Massachusetts
   M79-55
Calder River,  Lancashire,  Great Britain
   M78-20
California,  Itaiversity of, Berkeley,  California
      Sanitary Engineering Research  Laboratory
         M79-47

                                      116

-------
                                GENERAL INDEX

Cambell'a Run watershed, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania
   M76-39
Canada; See Alberta Research Council; Crowsneet Pass, Alberta and British
   Columbia; The Geological Survey of —; Water quality, affected by surface
   mining, Alberta, Canada; Waterloo, University of

Canyon Run, Monongalia County, West Virginia
   M74-91
Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
      Department of Civil Engineering
         M76-92
Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
   M70-11B
Casselman River, Maryland, Pennsylvania
   M76-63
Catawissa Creek, Pennsylvania
   M77-56
Cecil Community College, Northeast, Maryland
      Department of Biology
         M76-89
Cedar Creek, Alabama
   M78-43
Cedar Creek, Missouri
   M77-61
Center Mine, North Dakota; See Baukol Noonan, Inc.

Central Research and Design Institute for Opencast Mining, POLTEGOR, Poland
   M76-54    M77-39    M77-45
Ceramic sensor for soil-water measurements
   M78-41
Chartiers Creek, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania; See Settler's Cabin Park

Cheat Lake, Monongalia County, West Virginia; See Water quality,—

Chemed Corporation, Cincinnati, Ohio
   M78-38
Chicago, University of, Chicago, Illinois
      Department of Geology
         M78-22
Cblorella vulgari«

Clarion River, Clarion and Jefferson Counties, Pennsylvania
   M76-57    M76-89    M79-10
Clark University, Worcester, Massachusetts
   M77-52
Clear Creek, Hopkins and Webster Counties, Kentucky
   M69-95
Clearfield Creek, Pennsylvania
   M71-102
                                      117

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                                 GENERAL INDEX

 Coal Extraction and Utilization Research Center, Carbondale, Illinois
    M79-32
 Coal leachate; See Drainage from coal storage piles

 Coho salmon
    M76-33
       in ferric hydroxide suspensions
          M76-83    M76-87
 Cole's Run, Monongalia County,  West Virginia
    M74-91
 College Farm Stripmine Lake,  Crawford County, Kansas
    M53-15
 Colorado Department of Natural  Resources
    M78-18
 Colorado School of Mines Research Institute, Golden, Colorado
    M79-29
 Colorado State University,  Fort Collins, Colorado
    M74-93
       Department of Zoology and Entomology
          M78-51
       Natural  Resource Ecology  Laboratory
          M77-77
 Colorado surface-mine ponds
    M75-66
 Commonwealth Technology,  Inc.,  Lexington, Kentucky
    M79-18
 Conemaugh River, Cambria County and Indiana-Westmoreland County
    Line,  Pennsylvania
    M77-1
 Corps  of  Engineers,  U.S.  Department of the Army
       Baltimore District
          M76-70   M76-90    M77-59
       Pittsburgh District
          M76-83   M79-34
 Corrosiveness  of mine  waters, India
   M76-78
 Costs
       compliance with  total dissolved solids regulation, Illinois
          M78-28
       of  pollution abatement, for a small company
          M72-93
 Court  cases; See Legal action

 Crooked Creek,  Indiana and Armstrong Counties, Pennsylvania
   M76-58
Crop production on alluvial materials affected by surface mining
   M79-15
Crown Mine Drainage Field Site,  U.S.  EPA,  Crown,  West Virginia
   M77-86    M78-53    M78-54
                                      118

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                                 GENERAL  INDEX

 Crowsnest  Pass,  Alberta  and  British  Columbia,  Canada
      mine-water  quality
         M77-33
 Cumberland Plateau,  Tennessee
    M79-13
 Cynon River,  South  Wales,  Great  Britain
    M77-37

 Daylighting;  See  Deer  Park,  Maryland

 Decker  area,  Montana,  hydrology
    M75-71
 Decker  Coal Company, Omaha,  Nebraska
      Decker  Mine,  Decker, Montana
         M75-bl    M77-77    M78-49
 Deer Park, Maryland, feasibility study of dayllghtlng
    M76-79
 Denmark, Skjerna  River,  Ringk^bing Fjord, iron in water and  sediments
    M76-52     M76-59    M76-88
 Dents Run, Monongalia  County,  West Virginia
    M77-4
 Dents Run  Project, West  Virginia
    M76-38
 Dicks Fork, Pike  County, Kentucky
   M76-37
 Dilution equation to predict mine drainage effects
   M76-73
 Dorr-Oliver,  Inc., Stamford, Connecticut
   M66-53
 Dow Lake,  Athens  County, Ohio
      biological  survey  compared to lake Hope
         M75-6Q
Dowa Mining Co.,  Ltd., Japan,  Yanahara Mine
   M75-74
Drainage diversion, Alabama
   M77-43
Drainage from coal refuse and  ash disposal, Poland
   M77-45
Drainage from coal storage piles
   M76-25    M77-83    M78-A     M78-26    M78-50
      bibliography
         M78-8
      New York
         M78-1
      Ohio
         M77-26
      Pennsylvania
         M77-10
      Tennessee Valley Authority
         M77-16

                                     119

-------
                                 GENERAL INDEX

 Drainage from coal storage piles (continued)
       western coals
          M77-53
 Drainage from lignite mines (See also Poland, lignite-mine drainage)
       Texas
          M76-53    M79-38
 Drainage from mines
       Coal Measures,  northeast  England
          M75-52
       Fife coalfields,  Scotland
          M76-50
       India
          M76-78
       Maryland, Allegany  and  Garrett  Counties
          M74-94
       metal mines,  Colorado
          M76-76
       Montana
          M75-71
       North Branch  Potomac  River  basin, active  versus  inactive  mines
          M76-70
       Pennsylvania
            anthracite  coal fields
               M77-8
            bituminous  mines
               M72-96
Drainage  from open-pit  brown-coal mines
      Denmark.
         M76-52
Drainage  from open-pit  lignite  mines
      Poland
         M76-54    M77-39
Drainage from surface-mined land  (See also Hydrologic effects of surface
   mining; Trace elements, in Missouri nined-land effluents)
      channel-geometry  techniques
         M79-46
      effect  on stream biota
         M79-6
      Indiana
         M66-52
      Kentucky
         M77-20    M78-7     M78-33
            Cumberland Plateau
               M77-30
      leaching experiments with Montana spoils
         M75-61
      modeling
         M79-47
                                     120

-------
                                 GENERAL INDEX

 Drainage from surface-mined land (continued)
       North Dakota
          M79-21
             Knife River basin
                M79-22
       Ohio
          M70-118
             used for dumping pickle liquor
                M75-64
       Powder River basin, Wyoming, Montana
          M79-26
       Tennessee
          M75-68   M76-86    M77-55    M77-67
             Cumberland Plateau
                M79-13
             heavy metals in leachate
                M75-58
       Wyoming
          M76-73
 Dual-functional filter
   M78-24
 Duke  University,  Durham, North Carolina
       Department  of  Geology
          M77-67
 E. I.  DuPont OeNemours & Co.,  Wilmington,  Delaware
   M77-14

 ERT Ecology Consultants, Inc.,  Fort Collins, Colorado
   M77-40
 Eastern Kentucky  University, Richmond,  Kentucky
       Department  of  Biological  Sciences
          M74-90
       Department  of  Geology
          M78-33
Edna Mine;  See  The Pittsburg &  Midway  Coal Mining Company

 Effluent  Limitation  Guidelines
   M77-34
 Electrobiochenlcal treatment
   M77-7J    M78-44
Electrochemical treatment
   M76-84
Elk Creek watershed  abatement project,  West  Virginia
   M76-62
Elkins Demonstration Project, West Virginia
   M77-22
Energy Fuels Corp.,  Denver, Colorado
   M79-29
Engineering Enterprises, Inc.,  Denver,  Colorado
   M79-29

                                     121

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                                 GENERAL INDEX

 Environmental  Monitoring and Support Laboratory, U.S.  EPA, Cincinnati, Ohio
    M75-56
 Environmental  Protection Agency, U.S.  Government (See  also Crown Mine Drainage
    Field  Site  —;  Dents  Run Project; Elkins Demonstration Project;
    Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory;  Industrial Environmental
    Research  Laboratory;  Region III,  —; Region VIII,—;  Technology Transfer
    Office of;  Water Planning and Standards, Office of)
       Effluent Guidelines Division
          M77-75
 Environmental  Systems  Corporation, Knoxville, Tennessee
    M76-48
 Ernest  Mine, Creekside,  Indiana County, Pennsylvania
    M76-58
 Erosion and  sedimentation
       Alabama
          M77-43
       Black  Mesa,  Arizona
          M77-6
       control  manual
          M76-40
       Denmark
          M76-88
      grading  practices  for  control
          M79-48
      New River watershed,  Tennessee
          M77-55    M79-11
      Oklahoma
          M78-22
   zlena mutabilis
Euglena
   M71-1
Federal legislation and regulations  (See  also  Effluent  Limitation Guidelines;
   National Pollutant Discharge  Elimination  System)
   M77-2     M79-39
      Effluent Limitation Guideline
         M77-75
      OSM Surface Coal Mining and Reclamation  Operations,  Permanent  Regulatory
         Program
         M79-43
      Water Quality Management Guide
         M77-18
Federal Water Pollution Control  Administration,  U.S.  Department  of the
   Interior
   M76-36
Ferric hydroxide suspension
      effect on coho salmon
         M76-87
      effect on shiners (Notropus cornutue)
         M76-34


                                     122

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                                 GENERAL  INDEX

Ferric  hydroxide  suspension  (continued)
      effect on stream  biota
         M78-32
Filtration;  See Dual-functional  filter

Fish  (See  also Coho  salmon;  Shiners; Trout)
   M78-48
      acid stress  in laboratory  tests
         M76-75
      in Kansas surface-mine  ponds
         M53-15
      in Pennsylvania streams
         M71-99
      in Tygart Lake, West Virginia
         M76-31
Fishery management in surface-mine ponds
      Kansas
         M54-22
Flocculants
   M72-95    M77-53     M79-18
      dyes, with or  without polymers
         M78-38
      for  treating lignite-mine  drainage
         M76-54    M77-39
Flooding
      Alabama
         M77-43
      Kentucky, affected by surface mining
         M79-8
Fly ash; See Drainage from coal  refuse and ash disposal

Forth River Purification Board,  Scotland
   M76-50
Fungi
   M76-36

Gannett Fleming Corddry and Carpenter, Inc., Harrisburg, Pennsylvania
   M66-53    M74-94    M76-67    M77-56    M79-41
Cauley  River basin.  West Virginia
      areawide environmental  assessment
         M80-1
General Dynamics, General Atomic Division, San Diego, California
   M66-54
Geological Survey of  Canada
   M77-33
Geological Survey, U.S.  Department of the Interior
   M74-92    M76-57
                                     123

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                                 GENERAL INDEX

 Geological Survey, U.S.  Department of the Interior (continued)
       Water Resources Division
             Cheyenne, Wyoming
                M77-84
             Denver, Colorado
                M78-18
             Harrlsburg,  Pennsylvania
                M76-90    M79-10
             Helena, Montana
                M77-42
             Indianapolis, Indiana
                M78-13
             Lakevood, Colorado
                M76-91    M78-46
             Lawrence, Kansas
                M79-46
             Nashville, Tennessee
                M79-11
             Reston, Virginia
                M77-71    M78-44
             University, Alabama
                M77-43
 Georgia,  University of, Athens, Georgia
   M79-8
 Gilbert/Commonwealth,  Reading,  Pennsylvania
   M78-26
 Goose  Creek,  Powder River basin,  Wyoming
   M78-10
 Grenada, University of, Spain
   M79-17
 Great  Britain (See  also Calder  River,  Lancashire;  Cynon River,  South Wales;
   Drainage  from mines, Coal  Measures,  northeast England;  Drainage  from mines,
   Fife coalfields,  Scotland;  Forth  River  Purification  Board,  Scotland;
   Institute  of Geological  Sciences;  Iron  content  of mine  water,  south Durham;
   Mainsforth Colliery; Murphy  Bros.  Ltd., Haywood mine, Strathclyde,
   Scotland;  National Coal  Board;  North Derbyshire Area; Pumping, south
   Durham; Refuse  piles,  affected  by hydrology, Wales;  Silverdale Colliery;
   Skerne  River; Teesside Polytechnic;  Wales, University of)
       aeration and  sedimentation
         M76-44
       lime neutralization
         M76-44
      mine dewatering
         M78-11
      mine drainage  composition
         M76-45
Green Associates,  Inc., Towson, Maryland
   M74-94
Greene-Sullivan State Forest,  Indiana
   M76-71

                                      124

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                                 GENERAL INDEX

 Ground water
       affected by mining,  ClearfieId and Centre  Counties,  Pennsylvania
          M77-28
       affected by mining,  Monongalia County,  West  Virginia
          M77-15
       affected by peat  deposits,  Denmark
          H76-59
       affected by surface  mining  and reclamation
          M77-32
       affected by surface  mining, lova
          M77-70
       control
          M79-55
       establishment  in  cast  overburden
          M77-35
       Lackawanna  County,  Pennsylvania
          M75-54
       levels,  affected  by  mining, Alabama
          M77-43
       monitoring
          M79-32   M79-43
Grove  City College,  Grove  City, Pennsylvania
   M78-5
       Biology  Department
          M76-33   M76-34
Gwin,  Dobson & Foreman, Inc.,  Altoona,  Pennsylvania
   M77-46

HRB-Singer,  Inc.,  State College,  Pennsylvania
   M77-11    M79-9
Halcrow,  Sir William, and  Partners,  Mid  Glamorgan, Wales
   M77-17
Haoaford  Creek, Washington
   M72-95
Hartman Run, West Virginia
   M77-19
Haulage roads;  See Road design and construction

Heavy metals
       New River watershed, Tennessee
         M77-55
       removal
         M76-84
Hidden Water Creek, Powder River  baaln,  Wyoming
       biological, chemical, and physical  survey
         M77-84
Hittman Associates, Inc., Columbia, Maryland
   M76-56    M77-25    M79-43
Hollywood, Pennsylvania, Experimental Mine Drainage Treatment Facility
   M73-85    M76-69

                                     125

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                                GENERAL INDEX

Hungary, mine water handling
   M77-41
      calculation of water yield
         M77-47
Hydrologic effects of surface mining (See also North Dakota hydrology,  surface
   mining effects on; Water retention in spoil)
   M78-40    M79-14    M79-25
      alluvial materials
         M79-15
      modeling
         M79-3
      monitoring program
         M75-73
      Oklahoma
         M77-52
      Poland
         M79-35
      Powder River basin
         M75-65
      southeastern Montana
         M75-70    M78-49
Hydrology; See Anthracite coal fields, hydrology of abandoned mines;  Black
   Mesa, Arizona, —; Decker area, Montana, —; Ground water; Hydrologic
   effects of surface mining; Knife River Basin, North Dakota, —; Modeling,
   mine water flow; Modeling, watershed hydrology; North Dakota —; North
   Derbyshire Area, — and water handling; Poland, ground water level affected
   by surface mining; Refuse piles, affected by —

Hydrosclence, Inc., Knoxvllle, Tennessee
   M79-54

Ichthyological Associates, Inc., Berwick, Pennsylvania
   M76-42
Illinois coal refuse
      trace elements in leachate from
         M77-85
Illinois Institute for Environmental Quality
   M78-17    M78-28
Illinois Institute of Natural Resources
   M78-14    M79-37
Illinois Institute of Technology
      Fritzker Department of Environmental Engineering
         M78-32
Illinois legislation and regulations
      total dissolved solids
         M78-28
Illinois Mining and Mineral Resources Research Institute, Carbondale,  Illinois
   M79-32
Illinois State Geological Survey
   M78-45

                                     126

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GENERAL INDEX
M76-31
M76-69
M77-H
M 7 7-80
M79-13
M76-37
M76-71
M77-13
M77-86
M79-28
M76-39
M76-79
M77-22
M78-27
M79-41
                   EPA, Cincinnati, Ohio
                     M76-62    M76-67
                     M77-4
                     M77-56
M77-5
M77-68
M78-54
Illinois State Water Survey
   M78-17                        s
Illinois surface-mine ponds (See also Sulfate reduction in organically loaded
   pond, Jackson County, Illinois)
   M78-17
      Grundy County
         M79-37
Indian Head Mine, North Dakota; See North American Coal Corporation

Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad, India
      Department of Chemistry, Fuel and Metallurgy
         M76-78
Indiana surface-mine ponds
   M76-71
Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
      Water Resources Research Center
         M66-52
Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana, Pennsylvania
   M67-74    M72-96
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory, U.S.
              -• --    •-- --    M76-48    M76-56
                                 M76-82    M76-93
                                 M77-31    M77-46
                                 M78-43    M78-50    M78-53
                                 M79-53    M79-5A
Institute of Geological Sciences, London, England
      Hydrogeologlcal Department
         M75-52
Interior, U.S. Department of;  See Geological Survey; Water Research and
   Technology, Office of; Water Resources Research, Office of

Ion-exchange treatment
   M75-72    M77-68    M78-54
      modified graphite process
         M76-84
      removal of trace elements
         M79-54
Iowa State University, Ames,  Iowa
      Department of Agricultural Engineering
         M79-1
      Energy & Mineral Resources Research Institute, Coal Project
         M77-69    M77-70    M79-32
Iron chemistry
      In natural waters
         M76-42
Iron content of mine water (See also  Iron analysis; Pumping, —)
      south Durham, Great Britain
         M78-16
            variation with pumping
               M78-15
Iron content of natural waters; See under names of rivers, streams, and  lakes
                                      127

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                                GENERAL INDEX

Iron oxidation
   M68-101
      biological and chemical rates compared
         M75-48
      Euglena autabilis
         M/l-lTJI
      rotating biological contactor
         M76-72
Iron oxides, hydroxides; See Ferric hydroxide  suspension;  Sludge  from  mine
   drainage neutralization

Iron removal (See also Flocculants; Great Britain, aeration  and sedimentation)
      peroxide treatment
         M77-14
      phosphate and lime treatment
         M77-72

Johnstown flood, July 1977
   M77-1

Kaiser Steel Corp., Oakland, California
      Sunnyside Mines, Utah
         M78-9
Kansas Forestry, Fish, and Game Commission
   N53-15    M54-22
Kansas State College, Pittaburg, Kansas
   M60-26
Kansas State Teachers College, Pittaburg, Kansas
   M53-15
Kansas surface-mine ponds (See also Biota in surface-mine  ponds,  Kansas;
   College Farm Stripmine Lake)
   M54-22
Kentucky Department for Natural Resources and  Conservation
   M76-37
Kentucky, Hopkins County Soil and Water Conservation District  (See  also
   Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, Berea)
   M69-95
Kentucky River; See North Fork, Kentucky River

Kentucky sediment pond feasibility study
   M76-37
Kentucky surface-wine ponds
      Kuhlenberg County
         M77-66
Kentucky, University of, Lexington, Kentucky
   M77-31    M79-52
      Agricultural Engineering Department
         M79-4     M79-27    M79-51
      Agricultural Experiment Station
         M79-5

                                     128

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                                GENERAL INDEX

Kentucky, University of, Lexington, Kentucky (continued)
      Agronomy Department
         M79-27
      Civil Engineering Department
         M79-44
      Institute for Mining and Minerals Research
         M78-3     M79-5
      Research Foundation
         M77-30
Klraball, L. Bobert, Consulting Engineers, Ebensburg, Pennsylvania
   M76-37    M76-58
Klskiminetaa River, Armstrong-Indiana and Armstrong-Westmoreland County  Lines,
   Pennsylvania
   M76-92    M77-1
Knife River basin, North Dakota
      hydrology, geology
         M79-22

Lackawanna River, Lackawanna County, Pennsylvania
   M75-54
Lake Hope, Vinton County, Ohio
   M75-69
      biological survey compared  to Dow Lake, Athens County
         M75-60
Lakes; See Sediment ponds; Surface-mine ponds

Land Management, Bureau of, U.S.  Department of  the  Interior
   M78-18
Land use
      correlated with water quality by remote sensing
         M77-30
Laurel Run, West Virginia
   M77-80
Leachate from coal storage piles; See Drainage  from coal  storage piles

Leatherwood Creek, Breathitt County, Kentucky
   M74-90    M77-20
Legal action on mine drainage pollution
   M77-2     M79-39
      from abandoned mines
         M77-79
Legislation and regulations (See  also Federal —; See under names of  states)
      compilation of Federal, state, and local
         M77-25
      effects on the Appalachian  coal industry
         M77-65
      state water quality standards for Colorado, Indiana, Kentucky,  Ohio,
         Pennsylvania, West Virginia and Wyoming
         M78-14
                                     129

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                                 GENERAL INDEX

 Lepidodermella  squammata
   M76-51
 Library of  Congress,  Congressional  Research Service
   M76-30
 Lime  neutralization  (See  aLso  Great Britain,—)
   M75-49    M76-27    M79-44
       removal of  trace elements
         M79-54
 Lime-limestone  neutralization
   M78-53
 Limestone barriers in acid  streams
   M76-93
 Limestone neutralization
   M71-100
       compared  to lime neutralization
         M77-86
       crushed limestone
         M74-95   M75-63
             barriers  in acid streams
                M75-62
       kinetics
         M76-29
 Literature  reviews;  See Bibliographies

 Little  Scrubgrass Creek,  Venango  County,  Pennsylvania
       automatic lime-treatment plant
         M66-53
             effect of floe  on  biota
                M78-2S
 Long  Hollow stream, Athens  County,  Ohio
   M76-68
 Long  Run, Athens  County,  Ohio
   M78-29
 Los Alamos  Scientific Laboratory, University of  California,  Los  Alamos,  New
   Mexico
   M77-85

M W Inc., Architects-Engineers,  Indianapolis, Indiana
   M76-71
Mahantango  Creek, Schuylkili,  Northumberland, and  Dauphin  Counties,
   Pennsylvania
   M76-63
Mainsforth  Colliery,  County Durham, Great Britain  (See  also  Pumping,  south
   Durham)
       pumping
         M77-12
Manganese removal
   M73-88    M79-44
Manganese toxlcity
   M76-60

                                     130

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                                GENERAL INDEX

Maple Run, Monongalia County, West Virginia
   M74-91
Margaret Creek, Athens County, Ohio
   M78-29
Harmon Group, Chicago, Illinois
      Cerro/Marraon Coal Division
         M78-32
Marshall, George C., Space Flight  Center, Huntsville, Alabama,  NASA,  U.S.
   Government
   M77-30
Maryland Department of Natural Resources
   M74-94
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
      Ralph M. Parsons Laboratory  for Water  Resources and Hydrodynamics
         M77-32
Mathematical modeling; See Dilution equation to  predict  mine  drainage effects;
   Modeling

Hayes, Sudderth and Etheredge,  Inc., Lexington,  Kentucky
   M76-48
Mayflies
      larvae survival  at  acid conditions
         M76-68
McConnick, Jack, & Associates,  Inc., A  Subsidiary of WAPORA,  Inc.,  Berwyn,
   Pennsylvania
   M77-24
McKlnley Mine; See Pittsburg & Midway Coal  Mining Company

Medicine Bow Mine; See Arch Mineral Corp.

Metropolitan Edisoa Company, Portland,  Pennsylvania, drainage fro«  co*l
   storage piles
   M77-10
Microbial effects on minerals
   M64-17
      on coal mine spoils and refuse
         M75-50
Midwest Research Institute,  Kansas City,  Missouri
   M75-57    M76-69
Mine closures, effectiveness
   M77-11
Mine dewatering (See also Pumping)
      wells
         M78-42
Mine flooding
   M77-80
Mine roof collapse
   M76-62
Mine Safety Appliances  Company  (MSA),  Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
   M76-27

                                      131

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                                 GENERAL IKDEX

Mine  sealing  (See  also Mine  closures)
   M29-3      M77-11    M77-22    M77-48    M77-49
Mine  water  uses  (See  also  Public water  supplies)
   M78-9
Mines,  Bureau of,  U.S. Department  of  the Interior
   M71-100
      Branch  of  Environmental  Affairs
         M74-92
      mine  drainage program  review
         M31-9
      Office  of  Assistant  Director—Mining
         M78-19
Mining  effects on  Decker,  Montana, water resources
   M75-71
Mining  methods (See also Modified  block-cut  method  of  surface  mining)

Minkers Run,  Athens County,  Ohio
   M76-68     M78-29
Missouri surface-mine ponds
   M77-61
Missouri, University of, Rolla, Missouri
   M79-48
Mizpah  Creek, Montana
   M77-A2
Modeling
      acid mine  drainage in  Monongahela  River basin
         M76-81
      aquifer yield, Clearfield and Centre Counties, Pennsylvania
         M77-28
      drainage from coal storage piles
         M77-10
      effects of acid drainage on  a river system
         M76-92
      ground water flow
         M77-32
      impact of mine drainage on stream  biology
         M76-51    M79-6
      impact of  surface mining on  water  quality and quantity
         M76-35    M77-64    M79-3     M79-13    M79-47
      iron content of mine water affected by pumping
         M79-19    M79-20
      limestone neutralization
         M74-95
      mine water flow
         M77-60
            dewatering wells
               M78-42
      regional water-resources assessment
         M78-46
                                     132

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                                 GENERAL  INDEX

Modeling (continued)
      sediment control with grass filters
         M78-3     M79-5
      sediment yield
         M77-6     M79-4     M79-13
      treatment plant location
         M77-54
      watershed acid production
         M76-82
      watershed hydrology, using  regionalization
         M79-7     M79-36
Modified block-cut method of surface mining
   M77-31
Monongahela River basin, West Virginia,  Pennsylvania
      areawide environmental assessment
         M79-2
      modeling acid mine drainage in West Virginia
         M76-81
Monongahela River, West Virginia, Pennsylvania
      acid stream effect on biota of
         M73-87
      sewage in
         M78-12    M78-21
Moasanto Research Corporation, Dayton Laboratory, Dayton,  Ohio
   M77-83    M78-50
Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology
   M75-61    M75-70    M75-71
Montana State University, Bozetnan, Montana
      Department of Chemistry
         M75-61    M75-70
      Fisheries Bioassay Laboratory
         M77-77
      Montana University Joint Water Resources  Research  Center
         M78-36    M78-49
      Reclamation Research Program
         M79-15
Moraine State Park., Butler County, Pennsylvania
   M76-63
Morgan Run, Monongalia County, West Virginia
   M74-91
MBssbauer speccroscopy
   M78-45    M78-47
Muddy Run, Pennsylvania
   M71-102
Municipal drainage, effect on Busseron Creek
   M78-13

NPDES See National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
                                      133

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                                GENERAL INDEX

National Aeronautics and Space Administration, U.S. Government;  See  Marshall,
   George C., Space Flight Center

National Coal Board, Great Britain (See also North Derbyshire Area)
   M76-28    M76-45
      mine drainage treatment
         M76-44
National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
   M77-24
      areawide environmental assessment for
            Gauley River basin
               M50-1
            Monongahela River basin
               M79-2
      compliance with
         M75-49
National Science Foundation, Washington, D.C.
   M77-32
Navajo Mine; See Utah International

Nesbitt Engineering, Inc., Lexington, Kentucky
   M79-45
Neutralization; See Lime —; Lime-limestone —;  Limestone —; Operation
   Yellowboy; Sodium hydroxide —

New River, Anderson, Campbell, Morgan, and Scott  Counties,  Tennessee
   M75-68    M76-86    M77-55    M77-67
      sediment loads
         M79-11
(Jonpoint source pollution
   M75-57
North American Coal Corporation, Western Division, Bismark,  North  Dakota
      Indian Head Mine, Beulah, North Dakota
         M79-21
North Branch Potomac River, West Virginia, Maryland
   M74-94    M76-70    M77-59
North Dakota Geological Survey
   M79-21    M79-22    M79-A2
North Dakota hydrology
   M79-21
      surface mining effects on
         M75-73    M79-42
North Dakota spoil characterization
   M79-21
North Dakota, University of, Grand Forks,  North  Dakota
      Engineering Experiment Station
         M79-42
North Derbyshire Area, National Coal Board, Great Britain
      hydrology and water handling
         M78-39

                                     134

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                                GENERAL INDEX

North Fork, Kentucky River, Perry County, Kentucky
   M78-33
Northeast Watershed Research Center, University Park, Pennsylvania
   M77-64
Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, U.S. Department of Agriculture
      Berea, Kentucky
         M77-20    M78-7     M79-8     M79-14
Northern Anthracite Coal Field, Pennsylvania
   M75-54
Northern Great Plains
      ground water flow model
         M77-32
      surface-mine ponds
         M78-23
Northwest Allegany County and Lower Georges Creek Complex, Allegany  and
   Garrett Counties, Maryland
   M74-94

ORSANCO; See Ohio River Valley Sanitation Commission

Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
      Environmental Sciences Division
         M78-4
Ohio River Valley Water Sanitation Commission
   M78-34
Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
      Department of Chemical Engineering
         M75-48
      Department of Geology and Mineralogy
         M75-64
      Department of Microbiology
         M75-50    M75-51    M76-26
      Research Foundation
         M76-82
Ohio University, Athens, Ohio
      Department of Zoology and Microbiology
         M75-60    M76-41    M76-68    M78-29
Oklahoma surface-mined land
   M78-22
Old West Regional Commission, U.S. Government
   M76-77
Operation Yellowboy
   M66-53
Overburden as aquifers; See water retention in  spoil

Ozone treatment
   M73-88
                                      135

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                                GENERAL INDEX

Peabody Coal Company, St. Louis, Missouri
      Big Sky Mine, Colstrip, Montana
         M78-49
      Black Mesa, Arizona
         M77-6     M77-82
      Kentucky Regional Laboratory, Central City, Kentucky
         M77-66
      Will Scarlet Mine, Illinois
            sludge pond limnology
               M77-50
FEDCo Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, Ohio
   H77-22
Pennsylvania Coal Research Board
   M66-53    M68-101
Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources
   M74-92    M76-S7    M77-14    M79-10    M79-4J
      Division of Mine Drainage Control and Reclamation
         M77-76
      Operation  Scarlift
         M71-102   M76-58    M76-63
Pennsylvania Electric Company, Warren, Pennsylvania, drainage  from  coal
   storage piles
   M77-10
Pennsylvania Geological Survey
   M75-54
Pennsylvania legislation
   M29-3     M77-2     M77-76
Pennsylvania Power and Light Company, Allentown,  Pennsylvania
   M76-A2
Pennsylvania State University, University  Park, Pennsylvania
   M77-44    M78-35
      College of Earth and Mineral Sciences
         M68-101   M77-28
      Department of  Agronomy
         M79-12
      Department of  Biology
         M71-99    M77-74    M77-78
      Department of  Chemical Engineering
         M76-29
      Department of  Geography
         M77-23
      Department of  Mineral Engineering
         M77-60
      Institute  for  Research on Land and Water  Resources
         M73-85    M74-95    M75-62    M75-63     M76-72    M78-5
      MIddletown Campus
         M77-14
Pennsylvania Topographic and Geologic Survey;  See Pennsylvania Geological
   Survey
                                      136

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                                GENERAL INDEX

Peroxide treatment; See under Iron removal

Pickard and Anderson, Auburn, New York
   M76-25    M78-J
Pickle liquor, dumped in surface-mine pits
   M75-64
Piedmont Lake, Ohio
   M70-118
Pittsburg & Midway Coal Mining Company, Denver, Colorado
      Edna Mine, Oak Creek, Colorado
         M74-93    M77-77    M78-51    M79-29
      McKinley Mine, Gallup, New Mexico
         M79-29
Pittsburgh, University of, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
      Department of Civil Engineering
         M76-87
      Graduate School of Public Health
         M72-9A    M76-83    M76-87
Planning for mining
   M78-43
Poland (See also Drainage from coal refuse and ash disposal; Drainage  from
   open-pit lignite mines)
      ground water level affected by surface mining
         M76-61
      lignite-mine drainage
         M77-39
            sediment control
               M76-55
Polarography
   M72-96
Pond River watershed, Kentucky
   M77-21
Ponds; See Sediment  ponds; Surface-mine ponds

Powder River basin, Wyoming, Montana
   M75-65    M76-77    M77-42    M79-26    M79-40
Precipitation runoff; See Drainage from coal storage piles; Drainage from
   surface-mined land

Predicting mine drainage quality
   M76-50
Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey
   M79-33
      Department of Geological and Geophysical Sciences
         M78-30    M78-31
Public water supplies (See also Surface-mine ponds,—)
   M77-23
Pumping (See also Mainsforth Colliery; North Derbyshire Area,  hydrology and
   water handling; Submersible pumps)
   M69-95    M78-9

                                     137

-------
                                GENERAL  INDEX

Pumping (continued)
      Murphy Bros Ltd., Heywood mine, Strathclyde,  Scotland
         M79-30
      variation of iron content of drainage
            model for
               M79-19    M79-20
            south Durham, Great Britain
               M78-15
Pumpkin Creek, Montana
   M77-42
Pyrite analysis (See also MSssbauer spectroscopy)
      petrography, West Virginia coals
         M77-29
Pyrite oxidation
      bacterial action on coal refuse
         M76-26
Pyrite reactivity
   M78-47
      related  to paleoenvironment
         M77-13

Quarry Run, Honongalia County, Vest Virginia
   M74-91

Raccoon Creek, Hocking County, Ohio
   M78-29
Recovery from  pollution; See  stream recovery

Redbank Creek, Clarion County, Pennsylvania
   M76-57    M79-10
Redbank Creek  watershed, Clarion County,  Pennsylvania
   H77-23
Refuse piles (See also Drainage from coal  refuse  and ash disposal)
      activity of iron oxidizing bacteria
         M76-26
      affected by hydrology,  Wales
         M77-17
      trace elements in  leachate from
         M77-85
Refuse use
      ground water pollution
         M78-6
Region 111, U.S. EPA
   M77-24    M79-2
Region VIII, U.S. EPA
   M79-25
Remote sensing (See  also Land use, correlated  with water quality by —)

Research Needs  Related to Acid Mine Water  Workshop
   M77-62

                                      138

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                                GENERAL INDEX

Resource Consultants, Inc., Brentwood, Tennessee
   M79-24
Reverse osmosis
   M76-74
      POGO unit, Decker No. 3 mine, Klttanning, Pennsylvania
         M66-54
      removal of trace elements
         M79-54
Rhoadea Branch, Letcher County, Kentucky
   M76-37
Road design and construction
      sediment control
         M76-48
Roaring Creek, Randolph County, West Virginia
   M77-5
Robinson Run, Monongalia County, West Virginia
   M73-87    M77-4
Rocky Mountain Forest and  Range Experiment  Station,  U.S.  Department  of
   Agriculture
      Albuquerque, New Mexico
         M78-41
      Rapid City, South Dakota
         M78-23
Rosebud Coal Sales Co., Omaha, Nebraska
      Rosebud Mine, Hanna, Wyoming
         M79-29
Rosebud Creek, Montana
   M77-42
Rosebud Mine, Colstrip, Montana; See Western Energy  Company

Rotating biological contactor
   M76-72    M78-35
Rubles Run, Monongalia County, West Virginia
   M74-91
Runoff; See Drainage  from  coal storage  piles;  Drainage  from surface-mined  land

Ryckman/Edgerley/Tomlineon & Associates,  Inc.,  St. Louis,  Missouri
   M76-71

Saline Water, Office  of, U.S.  Department  of the  Interior
   M66-54
Sandy Run, Athens County,  Ohio
   M76-68
Sandy Run, Vinton County,  Ohio
   M78-29
Sanitary-indicator bacteria  in mine-drainage streams
   M77-19    M78-12
Sarpy Creek, Montana
   M77-42
                                      139

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                                GENERAL INDEX

Sediment characteristics
   M75-47
Sediment control (See also Poland, lignite-mine drainage, sediment control'
   Road design and construction, —)
   M72-95    M77-31
      coagulants
         M79-16
      dams in series
         M79-45
      grass filters
            mathematical models
               M78-3     M79-5     M79-27
      Kentucky surface-mined land
         M78-33
Sediment effect
      on stream fish populations, Kentucky
         M74-90
Sediment ponds (See also Modeling, sediment yield)
   M79-53
      design
         M79-1     M79-16    M79-18    M79-44    M79-50    M79-51    M79-52
      feasibility study, Kentucky
         M76-37
      Iowa
         M77-69    M79-1
      Kentucky, Pennsylvania, West Virginia
         M76-S6
Settler's Cabin Park, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania
   M76-46
Sewage (See also Sanitary-indicator bacteria in mine-drainage streams)
      and mine drainage combined Cor pollution abatement
         M77-71    M78-44
      in mine drainage streams
         M77-1     M78-12    M78-21
      sludge as soil conditioner
         M79-41
Shiners (Notropus cornutus)
   M76-34	
Silverdale Colliery, Newcaatle-under-Lyme, Great Britain
   M77-7     M77-36    M77-57    H77-58    H77-81    M78-52
Sinnemahoning Creek, Bennett Branch, Pennsylvania
   M77-54
Skelly and toy. Consultants, Engineers, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania
   M71-102   M76-62    M76-70    M77-59    M79-16    M79-36    M79-53
Skerne River, County Durham, Great Britain
   M77-12
Slippery Rock Creek, Butler and Lawrence Counties, Pennsylvania
   M76-89
                                     140

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                                GENERAL INDEX

Slippery Rock State College, Slippery Rock, Pennsylvania
      Department of Biology
         M76-89
Sludge from mine drainage neutralization (See also Ferric hydroxide
   suspension)
      dewatering with dual-functional filter
         M76-49    M78-24
      settling
         M77-73
      settling pond
            chemical limnology of
               M77-50
      utilization
         M76-47
Slurry trenching
   M76-62
Snowy Creek, West Virginia
   M77-80
Soda ash/lime treatment
   M77-46
Sodium hydroxide neutralization
   M79-44
Soil Conservation Service,  U.S. Department of ^riculture
   M69-95    M78-13
Soils for  renovation of  acid mine water
   H73-85
South Carolina, University  of, Columbia, South Carolina
   M77-13
      Department of Geology
         M77-27
South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota
   M75-65
      Engineering and Mining Experiment  Station
         M76-77
Southern Illinois University,  Carbondale,  Illinois
   M78-45
      Department of Botany
         M77-61
      Department of Zoology
         M79-49
Sparganium americanum
   M76-89
Spencer Creek basin, Rogers County,  Oklahoma
   M77-52
Sport Fisheries & Wildlife, Bureau  of,  U.S.  Department  of  the  Interior
   M76-31
State legislation, summary  of  mine  drainage  pollution control  laws
   M76-30
Stream recovery
   M77-4     M77-5     M77-22

                                      141

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                                GENERAL INDEX

Streambed reconstruction
   M77-56
Stroud's Run, Athens County, Ohio
   M76-41    M78-29
Submersible pumps
   M78-2     M78-37
Subsidence
      projected for the future
         M78-27
Sulfate reduction in organically loaded pond, Jackson County,  Illinois
   M79-49
Sunday Creek, Athens County, Ohio
   M76-41
Sunnyside Mines; See Kaiser Steel Corp.

Sunnyside Run, Monongalia County, West Virginia
   M74-91
Surface mining effects; See Hydrologic effects of  surface  mining;  Water
   quality affected by surface mining; Water retention  in  spoils

Surface mining, Office of, U.S. Department  of the  Interior;  See  Federal
   legislation and regulations, OSH  surface coal mining and  regulation
   operations

Surface-mine  land; See Drainage from surface-mine  land

Surface-mine  ponds (See also Biota in —;  Fish, in Kansas  —;  Illinois —;
   Indiana —; Missouri —; Northern Great  Plains, —;  Trout in  —;  West
   Virginia  —; Wyoming)
       affected by acid precipitation
         M79-9
       development
         M77-40
       public water supply,  West Virginia
         M76-85
       treatment
         M77-66
       wildlife habitat
         M78-23
Surface-mine reclamation  (See  also Anthracite  coal fields, surface mine
   reclamation)
   M77-22
       as  abatement  technique
          M76-39    M79-A1
Surface-mine spoil;  See  Drainage  from surface-mined land; Water retention  in
   spoil

Surface-mining effects
       Model  State  Program for controlling water pollution
          M7S-34

                                      142

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                                GENERAL INDEX

Suspended solids; See Flocculants; Sediment

Susquehanna River Basin Commission
   M76-90
Susquehanna River, Pennsylvania (See also Catawissa Creek; West Branch —)
      iron chemistry in
         M76-42
Swamps
   M77-21
Swatara Creek watershed, Pennsylvania
   M77-8

TRC - THE RESEARCH CORPORATION of New England, Wethersfield, Connecticut
   M77-10
Technology Transfer, Office of, U.S. EPA
   M76-40
Teesside Polytechnic, Middlesborough, Great Britain
      Department of Civil and Structural Engineering and Building
         M77-12
Tennessee, University of, Knoxville, Tennessee
      Department of Civil Engineering
         M75-58    M75-68    M76-66
      Department of Geological Sciences
         M77-67
      Environment Center, Appalachian Resources  Project
         M77-55
      Water Resources Research Center
         M76-86
Tennessee Valley Authority, U.S.  Government

   M79-7
      Division of Environmental Planning,  Chattanooga,  Tennessee
         M77-16
      Fisheries and Aquatic Ecology  Branch, Morris,  Tennessee
         M79-6
      Office of Natural Resources, Chattanooga,  Tennessee
         M79-13
      Water Systems Development Branch,  Norris,  Tennessee
         M79-3
Texas A&M University, College  Station, Texas
      Department of Geology
         M79-38
      Water Resources Institute
         M76-53
Texas lignite fields
   M76-53
ThiobacilluB ferrooxidana
   M78-3U
Tick  Ridge stream, Hocking County, Ohio
   M78-29

                                      143

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                                GENERAL INDEX

Tioga River basin, Pennsylvania, New York
   M76-90
      mine drainage abatement project
         M76-67    M79-A1
Tohoku Regional Construction Bureau, Japan
   M75-74
Tongue River, Wyoming, Montana
   M76-73    M77-42    M78-10
Total dissolved solids regulation
      cost of compliance
         M78-28
Tower Run, Monongalia County, West Virginia
   M74-91
Toxiclty; See Manganese toxicity

Trace elements (See also Heavy metals)
      in drainage from cosl storage piles
         M77-83
      in drainage from Montana surface-mined land
         M78-49
      in drainage from Northern Anthracite Coal  Field mines
         M75-54
      in Illinois coal refuse leachate
         M77-85
      in Missouri mined-land effluents
         M77-61
      in Tennessee rivers
         M77-67
      removal
         M79-54
      Yanpa River basin
         M77-38
Treatment of acid mine drainage; See Acid vine drainage treatment

Trough Creek, Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania
      limestone barriers
         M76-93
Trout
      in ferric hydroxide  suspensions
         M76-83
      in surface-mine ponds
         M75-66
      in West Virginia streams
         M76-43
      manganese toxicity
         M76-60
      survival in acid conditions
         M76-65
            laboratory and field  testa
               M77-74

                                      144

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                                GENERAL INDEX

Trout Creek, northwestern Colorado
   M78-51
Turtle Creek, Westmoreland and Allegheny Counties, Pennsylvania
   M72-94
Tygart Lake, West Virginia
   M76-31    M79-34
      sediment analysis
         M75-47

Upper Three Runs, Clearfield County, Pennsylvania
   M71-99    K77-78
Use of treated mine water
   M76-74
Utah International, San Francisco, California
      Navajo Mine, Fruitland, New Mexico
         M78-41

Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
   M78-8
Virginia Polytechnic  Institute and State University,  Blacksburg,  Virginia
   M76-51
      Department of Biology
         M78-25
      Water Resources Research Center
         M76-35

Wales, University of, United Kingdom
      Institute of Science and Technology, Cardiff
         M77-37
      University College of Wales, Aberyatwyth,  Department  of  Zoology
         M78-20
Washington Irrigation and Development  Company, Centralia, Washington
   M72-95
Water diversion
   M79-41
Water handling (See also Great Britain, mine dewatering; Hungary  —; Mine
   dewatering; North  Derbyshire Area,  hydrology  and —; Pumping)
   M79-17
      ground water control
         M79-55
Water Planning and Standards, Office of, U.S.  EPA
   M77-18
Water quality (See also Acid mine drainage, composition; Crowsnest  Pass; Lake
   Hope, Vinton, County, Ohio; Land use; Legislation  and regulation, state
   water quality standards for Colorado, Indiana, Kentucky,  Ohio,
   Pennsylvania, West Virginia, and Wyoming; Names of rivers and  streams;
   Predicting mine drainage quality)
      affected by coal wastes
         M76-80
                                      U5

-------
                                GENERAL INDEX

Water quality (continued)
      affected by surface mining
         M73-84    M79-25
            Alberta, Canada
               M79-23
            Colorado
               M78-51
                  compared to metal mining
                     M74-93
            IOWA
               M77-69    M77-70
            mathematical model
               M76-35
            measurement by a two-element ceramic sensor
               M78-41
            Montana
               M78-49
            North Dakota
               M79-42
            Pennsylvania
               M78-5
            Poland
               M79-31
                  storage of wastes In openpits
                     M79-35
            Powder River basin
               M79-40
            Tennessee
               M76-66    M76-86
            western United States
               M79-29
      Alabama
         M77-43
      Cheat Lake, West Virginia, tributaries
         M74-91
      aanagenent for compliance with regulations
         M77-18
      Ma, K, Mg, and Ca in River Cynon, South Wales
         M77-37
      West Virginia, Nonongalia County
         M77-15
Water Research and Technology, Office of,  U.S.  Department  of the Interior
   M77-19
Water Resources Research, Office of, U.S.  Department  of  the Interior
   M73-85    M76-35    M76-53    M76-92    M7B-5
Water retention in  spoil
   M79-47
      Indiana
         1466-52
                                      146

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                                GENERAL INDEX

Water retention in spoil (continued)
      Powder River basin
         M76-77
      Tennessee
         M76-66    M76-86
Waterloo, University of, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
   M79-42
Watkins and Associates, Inc., Lexington, Kentucky
   M77-31
West Branch, Susquehanna River, Pennsylvania (See also Black Moshannon  Creek,
   Pennsylvania; Clearfield Creek, Pennsylvania; Muddy Run, Pennsylvania;
   Upper Three Runs, Pennsylvania)
   M77-78
West Virginia
      recommendations for NPDES permit program
         M77-24
West Virginia coals; See Pyrite analysis, petrography

West Virginia Department of Natural Resources (See also Dents Run  Project)
   M76-43    M76-62
      Division of Water Resources
         M63-29    M76-81
      Division of Wildlife Resources
         M76-65
West Virginia Geological and Economic Survey
   M75-67    M78-47
West Virginia legislation
   M77-2
West Virginia surface-mine ponds, public water  supply
   M76-85
West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
   M72-93    M76-31
      Agricultural Experiment Station
         M78-21
      Center for Appalachian Studies and Development
         M63-29
      Coal Research Bureau
         M76-47    M76-64    M77-2     M77-3     M77-29    M77-51
      College of Law
         M79-39
      Department of Biology
         M73-86    M73-87    M74-91    M75-55
      Department of Chemical Engineering
         M76-49
      Department of Civil Engineering
         M63-29    M76-81
      Department of Physics
         M78-47
      Division of Plant Sciences
         M75-59

                                     147

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                                GENERAL INDEX

West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia (continued)
      Water Research Institute
         M75-47    M76-75    M76-84    M77-15    M77-19    M77-62    M7&-12
         M78-24
Western Energy Company, Butte, Montana
      Rosebud Mine, Colstrip, Montana
         M75-61    M78-49    M79-29
Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, Kentucky
   M77-21
Westmoreland Resources, Billings, Montana
      Abaalolca Mine, Hard in, Montana
         M78-49
Weston, Roy P.,  Inc., West  Chester, Pennsylvania
   M77-53
White River basin,  Colorado, Wyoming
   M78-18
Wildwood Mine, Allegheny County,  Pennsylvania
   M77-14
Wilkes College,  Willtes-Barre, Pennsylvania
   M73-88
Will Scarlet Mine;  See Peabody Coal Company

Wolf Creek, Pennsylvania
   M76-89
Woodward-Clyde Consultants,  Clifton, New Jersey
   H75-73
Wright State University, Dayton,  Ohio
   M77-72
      Department of Chemistry and Brehn Environmental  Laboratory
         M75-S9
Wyoming, Powder  River  basin, surface-mine  ponds
   M77-B4
Wyoming, University of, Laramie,  Wyoming
      Water Resources  Research  Institute
         M79-26

Xavler University,  Cincinati, Ohio
   M72-93

Yampa River basin,  Colorado, Wyoming
   M76-91    M77-38   M78-18     M78-46
Youghiagheny River  basin,  West  Virginia,  Maryland,  Pennsylvania
   M77-80

Zeta potential
   M77-73
                                      148

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                                 APPENDIX A

                  COAL AND THE ENVIRONMENT ABSTRACT  SERIES:
                   BIBLIOGRAPHY ON MINED-LAND  RECLAMATION

Allaire, P. N., RECLAIMED SURFACE MINES:  NEW  POTENTIAL  FOR  SOME NORTH
   AMERICAN BIRDS   American Birds ,3£ (1). 3-5 (Jan.  1978).   CE699

Allan, M. H., COAL MINING AND RECLAMATION AT SPC  OPERATIONS    CIM
   Bulletin _H (794), 82-83 (June  1978).  Jour, CE824a

ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF PUBLIC LAW  95~87 ON  MINING PERFORMANCE
   Skelly and Loy, First Interim Report  to U.S. Department of Energy,
   Contract No. ET-77-C01-8914, Oct.  1978.   126 pp.+ appendixes  CE789

Babcock, C. 0. and Hooker,  V.  E.,  RESULTS  OF  RESEARCH TO DEVELOP GUIDELINES
   FOR MINING NEAR SURFACE  AND  UNDERGROUND BODIES OF WATER   U.S. Bureau of
   Mines,  1C  8741 (1977).   17 pp.   BurM

Barth, R. C., SALINE  AND SODIC  SPOILS:  WHAT  ARE  THEY AND HOW ARE THEY
   RECLAIMED   Mining Congress  Journal 62_ (7), 51-55, 60 (July  1976).  Jour

Bauer, A.,  SPOILBANK  RECLAMATION  RESEARCH  ACTIVITIES OF THE NORTH DAKOTA
   AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT  STATION   North Dakota Farm Research Bulletin 34^
   (1),  3-4 (Oct. 1976).   CE804

Bay,  R.  R., REHABILITATION  POTENTIALS AND  LIMITATIONS OF SURFACE MINED
   LANDS   in 41at North America  Wildlife  and Natural Resources Conference,
   Washington, D.C.,  March  21-25,  1976.   pp 345-355.  CE771

BengtBon,  G.  W. and Mays,  D.  A.,  GROWTH AND NUTRITION OF LOBLOLLY PINE ON
   COAL  MINE  SPOIL  AS AFFECTED BY NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZER AND
   COVER CROPS    Forest  Science 24_ (3), 398-409  (1978).  CE746

Bennett, 0.  L.,  STRIP MINING:   NEW SOLUTIONS  TO  AN OLD BUT  GROWING
   PROBLEM   Crops  &  Soils Magazine 29_ (4), 12-14 (Jan.  1977).   CE532

Berdusco,  R.  J.  and MilUgan,  A. W.,  SURFACE  RECLAMATION SITUATIONS  AND
   PRACTICES  ON  COAL EXPLORATION AND  SURFACE  MINE SITES  AT  SPARWOOD,  B.C.
   CIM Bulletin  Tl_ (794),  78-81 (June 1978).  Jour

BIG  STEPS  MADE IN ARNOT RESTORATION   Coal, Gold Base Minerals  of
   Southern Africa  26 (7), 63, 65 (July 1978).   R868

 Binder,  D., STRIP MINING,  THE WEST AND THE NATION    Land &  Water Law
    Reviewed), 1-72 (1977).  CE809

 Blenkinsop, A.,  SOME ASPECTS OF THE  PROBLEM OF THE  RESTORATION OF OPEN
    CAST COAL SITES   Planning Outlook,  The Journal  of the School of Town
    and Country Planning, King's College, University  of  Durham ^ (3), 28-32
    (1957).  J. S. Allen, Ed., London:   The Oxford University Press.  CE763b


                                       149

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Bogner, J. E. and Perry, A. 0., INTEGRATED MINED-AREA RECLAMATION  AND LAND
   USE PLANNING.  VOL. 3F:  A CASE STUDY OF SURFACE MINING AND  RECLAMATION
   PLANNING:  CANNELTON MINE NO. 9-S   Argonne National Laboratory,
   ANL/EMR-1 (1977).  54 pp.  NTIS, ANL/EMR-1(V.3F).  DOE

Bohm, R. A., Gibbons, J. H., Mlnear, R. A., Moore, J. R., Schlottmann, A.
   M., and Zwick, B., THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF BACK-TO-CONTOUR RECLAMATION OF
   SURFACE COAL MINES IN APPALACHIA:  THE TVA MASSENGALE MOUNTAIN  PROJECT
   University of Tennessee, Appalachian Resources Project, Report  to
   Tennessee Valley Authority, ARP #50 (Dec. 15,  1976).  107 pp.   CE407b

Bosselman, F. P., THE CONTROL OF SURFACE MINING:  AN EXERCISE IN CREATIVE
   FEDERALISM   Natural Resources Journal, University of New Mexico  School
   of Law£  (2), 137-165 (April 1969).  R801

Boulton, R.  J., OPENCAST COAL MINING AND CONSERVATION   Agriculture  78
   (3), 132-135 (1971).  CE533

Briggs, J. M., Anderson, C. E., and Laflen, J. M., THE  EFFECT OF DEEP TILLAGE
   ON SOIL AND WATER LOSS AND CROP YIELD FROM RECLAIMED SURFACE MINED LAND
   American  Society of Agricultural Engineers Winter Meeting, New  Orleans,
   Louisiana, Dec.  11-14, 1979.  Paper No. 79-2536.  18 pp.  ASAE

Brooker, R.  and Farnell, G. W., KIRKLEES TAKES THE SPOIL OUT OF COLLIERY
   WASTE   Surveyor 15£ (4530), 13-15 (March 8, 1979).  CE755

Brown, R. W. and Johnston,  R. S., REVEGETATION OF AN ALPINE MINE DISTURBANCE:
   BEARTOOTH PLATEAU, MONTANA   U.S. Department of Agriculture,
   Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Research  Mote  INT-206
   (1976).   8 pp.   CE769

Brown, R. W., Johnston, R.  S. , and Johnson, D. A., REHABILITATION  OF ALPINE
   TUNDRA DISTURBANCES   Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 33 (4),
   154-160 (July-Aug. 1978).  CE539

Brumbaugh, F. R., GET THE BIG PICTURE - TO COMPLY WITH RECLAMATION LAWS
   Coal Mining & Processing J£ (2), 57-60, 76 (Feb. 1979).  Jour

Brumbaugh, F. R., STRIP MINE RECLAMATION AND REMOTE SENSING
   Mining Congress Journal  65 (1), 57-61 (Jan. 1979).  Jour

Bultena, G. L., PUBLIC ATTITUDES TOWARD COAL STRIP MINING IN IOWA
   Journal of Soil and Water Conservation _3* (3)t 135-138 (May-June  1979).
   Jour

Caldwell, N. B., AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SURFACE-MINED AREA
   RECLAMATION RESEARCH   U.S. Department of Agriculture, Northeastern
   Forest Experinent Station, NE/NA 1600-1 (Sept. 1978).  36 pp.    USDA,
   CE810
                                      150

-------
Carpenter, S., Graves, D., Wittwer, R., and Eigel, R., PLANTING  FOR THE FUTURE
   LandMarc 2. (5), 28-29  (May 1979).  Jour, R817

Carpenter, S. B., Graves, D. H., and Eigel, R. A., PRODUCING  BLACK LOCUST
   BIOMASS FOR FUEL ON SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN SURFACE MINES   Energy
   Communications _5 (2),  101-108 (1979).  Jour, R844

Carpenter, S. B., Graves, D. H., and Kruspe, R. R., INDIVIDUAL TREE MULCHING
   AS AN AID TO THE ESTABLISHMENT OF TREES ON SURFACE MINE  SPOIL
   Reclamation Review J_ (3/4),  139-142  (1978).  Jour

Charles, J« A., Naiamith, W. A., and Burford, D.,  SETTLEMENT  OF  BACKFILL AT
   HORSLEY RESTORED OPENCAST COAL MINING  SITE   Conference  on Large Ground
   Movements and Structures, UWIST, Cardiff, Wales July  1977.  Great
   Britain, Building Research Establishment, Current  Paper  CP A6/77.
   14 pp.  R996

Christy,  P. L., Smith, W. E., and Filer,  E. E., NEW LAND USES CREATED BY
   SURFACE MINING   Mining  Congress Journal 65_ (5), 40-45  (May 1979).
   Jour,  R819

Clemence,  S. P. and Pool, J. M., MODEL  STUDIES  OF INDUCED  SLOPE  FAILURES IN
   STRIP  MINE WASTES   in "Geotechnical Practice  For  Disposal of Solid
   Waste  Materials,"  New  York:  American Society  of Civil  Engineers, 1977.
   pp 680-696.  R994

Coaldrak*. J. E. and  Russell, M, J.,  REHABILITATION WITH PASTURE AFTER
   OPEN-CUT  COAL MINING  AT  THREE  SITES  IN THE  BOWEN  COAL BASIN OF
   QUEENSLAND   Reclamation Review  1_ (1), V-7  (March  1978).  Jour, R985

Coates,  W. E.,  CAN  SURFACE  MINING  BE  COMPATIBLE WITH  URBANIZATION?   CD!
   Bulletin  68_ (763),  41-47 (Nov.  1975).   Jour,  R990

Cook, F.  and Kelly, W.,  EVALUATION OF CURRENT SURFACE COAL MINING OVERBURDEN
   HANDLING  TECHNIQUES AND  RECLAMATION PRACTICES   Mathematica,  Inc.,
   Mathtech  Division, Final Report  on Contract No. S0144081 to U.S.  Bureau
   of Mines,  BuMinee  OFR 28-77  (Dec.  24, 1976).   318 pp.  NTIS,  PB-264  111.
   CE266

Coulthard, M.  A.,  CALCULATED EFFECTS  OF MINING PROCEDURES ON POTENTIAL
   SPOIL FAILURES   Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research
   Organization,  Australia, Division  of Applied Geomechanics, Technical
   Report No.  66 (1977).  10 pp.   CE800

CREATING LAND FOR TOMORROW:  A GUIDE TO LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT'S
   PARTICIPATION IN PLANNING MINERAL DEVELOPMENT   Landscape  Architecture
   Technical Information Series 1 (3), 2-45 (Oct. 1978).   Published by
   American  Society of Landscape Architects (ASLA) in cooperation with U.S.
   Program.   Available,  ASLA,  1900 M Street, N.W., Suite 750, Washington,
   D.C. 20036.  Members and students $1.00, Non-members $5.00.   R995
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Curtis, W. R. , HYDROLOGIC ASPECTS OF SURFACE MINING  IN THE EAST
   Proceedings, Society of American Foresters  1977.  pp  152-157.   CE700

Curtis, V. R. and Superfesky, M. J., EROSION OF SURFACE-MINE  SPOILS
   Proceedings of the 32nd Annual Meeting, Soil Conservation  Society  of
   America, Richmond, Virginia, Aug. 7-10, 1977,  pp 154-158.  CE701

Czapowskyj, M. M. and Writer, R., HYDROSEEDING ON ANTHRACITE  COAL-MINE
   SPOILS   U.S. Department of Agriculture, Northeastern Forest  Experiment
   Station, Forest Service Research Note NE-124 (1970).   8 pp.   USDA, CE702

Dalsted, N. L. and Leistritz, F. L., A  SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY  ON  COAL-ENERGY
   DEVELOPMENT OF PARTICULAR INTEREST TO THE WESTERN STATES    North  Dakota
   State University, Agricultural Experiment Station, Agricultural
   Economics Miscellaneous Report No. 16 (April 1974).   82 pp.   CE777

Davidson, W. H., AMENDMENTS AID RECLAMATION PLANTINGS ON BITUMINOUS  MINE
   SPOILS IN PENNSYLVANIA   Reprinted from Pennsylvania  Forests  65_ (4) ,
   Issue 438 (Dec. 1975).  2 pp.  CE786

Davidson, W. H., BIRCH SPECIES SURVIVE  WELL ON PROBLEM COAL MINE SPOILS
   in Proceedings of 24th Northeastern  Forest  Tree  Improvement Conference,
   University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland,  July  26-29, 1976.
   pp 95-101.  CE785

Davidson, W. H., HYBRID POPLAR PULPWOOD AND LUMBER  FROM  A RECLAIMED
   STRIP-MINE   U.S. Department of Agriculture, Northeastern  Forest
   Experiment Station, Forest Service Research Note  NE-282 (1979).  2 pp.
   USDA, CE782

Davidson, W. H., RESULTS OF TREE AND SHRUB PLANTINGS ON  LOW pH
   STRIP-MINE BANKS   U.S. Department of Agriculture, Northeastern Forest
   Experiment Station, Forest Service Research Note  NE-285 (1979).  5 pp.
   USDA, CE784

Davidson, W. H. and Riddle, J., OLD STRIP MINE PRODUCES  ... NEW  PULPWOOD
   CROP   Pennsylvania Forests 68 (2),  IB (Summer 1978).  CE703

DELTA COMBINES EFFICIENT STRIPPING WITH SAFETY & OUTSTANDING  RECLAMATION
   Coal Mining & Processing L5 (4), 112-113, 116, 118 (April  1978).   Jour

DePuit, E. J. and Coenenberg, J. G., METHODS FOR ESTABLISHMENT OF NATIVE
   PLANT COMMUNITIES ON TOPSOILED COAL  STRIPMINE SPOILS  IN THE NORTHERN
   GREAT PLAINS   Reclamation Review £  (2), 75-83 (1979).  Jour

DePuit, E. J. and Coenenberg, J. G., RESPONSES OF REVEGETATED COAL STRIP
   MINE SPOILS TO VARIABLE FERTILIZATION RATES, LONGEVITY OF  FERTILIZATION
   PROGRAM AND SEASON OF SEEDING   Montana State University,  Agricultural
   Experiment Station, Bozeman, Montana, Research Report 150  (July 1979).
   81 pp.  CE537a
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DePuit, E. J. and Dollhopf, D. J., REVEGETATION RESEARCH  ON  COAL
   SURFACE-MINED LANDS AT WEST DECKER MINE, DECKER, MONTANA:   PROGRESS
   REPORT 1975   Montana State University, Agricultural Experiment  Station,
   Bozeman, Montana, Research Report 133  (Aug.  1978).   30 pp.   CE618

Dickman, I. 'l., WHEN WILL OHIO'S STRIP MINE LANDS BE RECLAIMED?   Ohio
   Reclamation Association (undated).  (8 pp.)  Reproduced,  with
   permission, from "Annual Coal and Nonmetallic Mineral  Report,"  H.
   Kefauver, Ed., Ohio Department of Industrial Relations, 1961.  R834

DO ROCKS HOLD ANSWERS TO ENVIRONMENTAL ILLS?    U.S. Department of
   Agriculture, Northeastern  Forest Experiment  Station,  Forestry Science
   Photo Story No. 33 (undated).  4 pp.   CE704

Dollhopf, D. J. , Goerlng, J.  D. , Levins,  C. J. , Bautnan,  B. J., Hedberg, D.
   W., and Hodder, R. L., SELECTIVE PLACEMENT OF COAL  STRIPMINE OVERBURDEN IN
   MONTANA.  III.  SPOIL MIXING  PHENOMENA  Montana  State University,
   Agricultural Experiment Station, Reclamation Research  Program,  Research
   Report 135, Interim Report July  1977 to June 1978  to U.S.  Bureau of
   Mines, Office of Assistant Director of Mining,  Contract No. H0262032
   (June 1978).  68 pp.  R1031

DONCASTER CARR PROJECT   Surveyor L5_I  (4485),  16  (May 25, 1978).  CE595

Barley, D.,  THE GREENING OF  BROWN LAND    LandMarc  2^ (2),  27, 29 {Feb.
   1979).  Jour

Earman, W. K. and Wood, R. D.,  RECLAMATION  AFTER  STRIP MINING   Electric
   Forum (General Electric Company)  3^  (1),  19-21  (1977).   R1006

END-LOADER ACCELERATES  OVERBURDEN REMOVAL   Coal  Mining & Processing 15
   (6), 94 (June 1978).  Jour

Energy/Environment II:   Second  National  Conference on the Interagency
   R&D  Program   Washington,  D.C.,  by  U.S.  EPA, Office of Energy,  Minerals,
   and  Industry, June 6-7,  1977, E.  J.  Voris,  Ed., Energy/Environment R4D
   Decision  Series,  EPA-600/9-77-025 (Nov.  1977).   564 pp.  EPA

   Davis,  G.,  FOREST SERVICE MINING RECLAMATION RESEARCH   pp  191-193.

   Power,  J.  F.  and  Bennett,  0.  L., PROTECTION OF SOIL AND WATER RESOURCES
       ON  LAND  DISTURBED BY MINING   pp 195-201.  CE379

 Erdman, J. A.  and  Ebens,  R.  J.,  ELEMENT CONTENT OF CRESTED WHEARGRASS GROWN
   ON  RECLAIMED  COAL SPOILS  AND ON SOILS NEARBY   Journal of  Range
   Management  32 (2),  159-161 (1979).   CE754

 Fail,  J.  L., Jr.  and Wochok, Z.  S., SOYBEAN GROWTH ON FLY ASH-AMENDED STRIP
   MINE SPOILS   Plant  and Soil 48  (2), 473-484 (1977).   R809
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FALCON COAL'S WINE EXPERIMENT SUCCEEDS   Coal Mining & Processing  13
   (8), 20 (Aug. 1976).  Jour

Falstoti, D. S. and Wiram, V. P., THE NEED FOR SELECTIVE PLACEMENT  OF
   OVERBURDEN AND EQUIPMENT CONSIDERATIONS   Mining Congress Journal  64_
   (1), 18-2* (Jan. 1978).  Jour

FEASIBILITY OF RETURNING FLY ASH TO WESTERN MARYLAND FOR MINE
   RECLAMATION   Maryland Department of Natural Resources, Environmental
   Service, Report to Appalachian Regional Commission, ARC 74-139-MD-3202
   (Dec. 1975).  (123 pp.)  NTIS, PB-262 520/OGA.  CE801

FogeL, M. M., Hekman, L. H., Jr., and Vandivere, W., SEDIMENT YIELD PREDICTION
   FROM BLACK MESA COAL SPOILS   .American Society of Agricultural  Engineers
   Winter Meeting, New Orleans, LA, Dec. 11-14, 1979.  Paper No.  79-2539.
   (11 pp.)  ASAE

Foskett, W., MINE SITE REHABILITATION IN NEW SOUTH WALES   Australian
   Mining 68_ (10), 32-33 (Oct.  1976).  CE68

Foy, C. D., Oakes, A. J., and Schwartz, J. W. ADAPTATION  OF  SOME INTRODUCED
   ERAGROSTIS SPECIES TO CALCEREOUS SOIL AND ACID HINE SPOIL
   Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis  10 (6),  953-968
   (1979).  CE842

Garcia, W. J.,  Blessin,  C.  W.,  Inglett, G. E.,  and Carlson,  R.  0.,
   PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND HEAVY  METAL  CONTENT OF CORN  GROWN
   ON  SLUDGE-TREATED STRIP-MINE SOIL   Journal  of Agricultural  and Food
   Chemistry 22_ (5), 810-815 (1974).  712.205 74-8

Geyer, W.  A. and Rogers, N. F., SPOILS CHANGE AND TREE GROWTH ON COAL-MINED
   SPOILS  IN KANSAS   Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 27 (3),
   114-116 (May-June 1972).  CE816

Gilbreath, J. L., THE  STATE OF  THE  ART OF EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL
   FOR SURFACE  MINED AREAS   The Ohio State University, M.S.  Thesis,  1979.
   127 pp.    631 G46

Gilley, J. E.,  Gee, G. W.,  Bauer,  A., Willis, W. 0.,  and  Young, R. A., RUN-OFF
   AND EROSION  CHARACTERISTICS  OF  SURFACE-MINED SITES  IN  WESTERN NORTH
   DAKOTA   Transactions of the American  Society of  Agricultural Engineers
   20  (4), 697-700, 704  (July  1977).  CE525

Gist,  C. S.,  Clebsch,  E., McCord,  R., Villein,  D., and Dietz, D., A HANDBOOK
   FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF TERRESTRIAL MONITORING PROGRAMS FOR COAL MINE
   RECLAMATION   Oak Ridge  Associated Universities,  Manpower Education,
   Research,  and Training Division,  ORAU  144  (July  1978).   207 pp.  CE719

Glenn-Lewin,  D. C., NATURAL REVEGETATION OF  ACID COAL SPOILS IN
   SOUTHEAST  IOWA    Iowa State  University,  Energy  and Mineral Resources
   Research Institute,  IS-ICP-61  (March V978).   21  pp.  ICP, CE89c


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Goicoechea, A., Duckstein, L. , and Fogel, M, M.,  DECISION  MAKING IN A
   MULTIPLE-USE APPROACH TO THE RECLAMATION OF  STRIP-MINED LANDS
   Presented, Joint Session of the Hydrology Section, Arizona  Academy of
   Science and the Arizona Section, American Water Resources Association,
   21st Annual Meeting, Las Vegas, Ifevada, April  15-16,  1977.   25 pp.  R784

GOOD DEEDS ON DEVASTATED LANDS:  BOY SCOUT JAMBOREE  IN MORAINE STATE
   PARK   Appalachia _7. (1), 30-31  (Aug.-Sept.  1973).  CE798

Grandt, A. F., RECLAIMING MINED LAND IN  ILLINOIS  FOR ROW CROP  PRODUCTION
   Journal of Soil and Water  Conservation 33^ (5),  242-244  (Sept.-Oct.
   1978).  Jour

Green, B. B., LAND RECLAMATION LABORATORY:  JIM BRIDGER  MINE SITE
   DESCRIPTION OF RESEARCH    Argonne National  Laboratory,  ANL/LRP-TM-9
   (Feb.  1977).   30 pp.  NTIS, ANL/LRP-TM-9.   DOE

Green, B. B., REGIONAL STUDIES PROGRAM.  BIOLOGICAL  ASPECTS OF SURFACE
   COAL MINE  RECLAMATION, BLACK MESA AND SAN JUAN BASIN     Argonne National
   Laboratory, ANL/AA-10 (Aug. 1977).   53  pp.   NTIS, ANL/AA-10.  DOE,
   R1030a

Green, J. E., THE PROBLEM OF  RECLAMATION OF  DERELICT LAND  AFTER COAL
   STRIP MINING  IN APPALACHIA  Southeastern Geographer  £ U), 36-47
   (1969).   CE697

GREEN  COLLIERY SPOIL  BANKS  IN THE  RUHR   International  Special Congress
   "Mine  Spoil Heaps  in  the  Ruhr  and  their Integration  in  the Landscape,"
   Essen, Germany, by the  Ruhr Regional  Planning Authority, Oct. 3-5, 1972,
   published  by  Siedlungsverband  Ruhrkohlenbezirk (Ruhr  Regional Planning
   Authority), 43 Essen, Kronprinzenstr. 35,  Federal Republic of Germany,
   copyright  SVR 1974.   223  pp. + maps.   CE766(a and b)

Grigg,  N.  S., PRECIPITATION  MANAGEMENT FOR RECLAMATION OF OVERGRAZED
   AREAS  IN  ARID AND  SEMI-ARID REGIONS   Colorado State University,
   Environmental Resources  Center, Completion Report to U.S.  Department of
   the Interior,  Office  of Water  Research  and Technology,  OWRT  Project  No.
   A-026-COLO, Jan.  1976.   10 pp.  NTIS, PB-251  166.  CE170

Groenewold,  G. H.  and Bailey, M.  J.,  INSTABILITY OF CONTOURED STRIP MINE
   SPOILS—WESTERN NORTH DAKOTA   in "Ecology and Coal Resource
   Development," M.  K.  Wall, Ed., New York:   Pergamon Press,  1979.
   pp  685-692.   CE826

Groenewold,  G.  H. and Winczewski, L.  M., PROBABLE CAUSES  OF SURFACE
    INSTABILITY IN CONTOURED STRIP-MINE SPOILS—WESTERN  NORTH  DAKOTA
    Annual Proceedings of the North Dakota Academy of Sciences 31 (Part  II),
    160-167 (April 1978).  CE660

Guccione, E. , WHY INDUSTRY CAN'T  COPE WITH THE  1977 SURFACE MINING ACT
    Coal Mining & Processing ^5_ (6), 66-69 (June  1978).  Jour


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Guernsey,  J. L.,  Tiller,  M.  E.,  and LaFevers, J. R.,  INTEGRATED MINED-AREA
   RECLAMATION  AND LAND USE  PLANNING.   VOL.  3D:  A CASE STUDY OF SURFACE
   MINING  AND RECLAMATION PLANNING:  AREA STRIP COAL MINING, PEABODY
   UNIVERSAL MINE, UNIVERSAL,  INDIANA   Argonne National Laboratory,
   ANL/EMR-1 (1977).   54  pp.   NTIS, ANL/EMR-1(V.3D).   DOE

Guernsey,  L., Mausel,  P., and  Oliver,  J., AN OVERVIEW OF THE FACTORS INVOLVED
   IN THE  RESTORATION  OF  MINED PRIME FARMLAND   Indiana State University,
   River  Basin  Research Center,  Terre Haute, Report to U.S. Office of
   Surface Mining, Region III,  Contract No.  P6290031, March 1979.  55 pp.
   R852

GUIDE TO  RECLAMATION LAWS, A  Mining Equipment International 2 (7),
   19-21  (Sept.  1978).   Jour

Guither, H. D.,  TAX REVENUES FROM LANDS AFFECTED BY STRIP MINING
   Illinois Research j_6 (3),  16-17 (1974).   CE748

Gulliford, J. B.,  INCORPORATING  ORPHANED MINE SPOIL RECLAMATION INTO THE
   MINING  PLAN    Iowa  State  University, Energy and Minerals Resources
   Research Institute,  IS-ICP-66 (June 1978).  6 pp.   Presented,
   International  Congress for  Energy and the Ecosystem, University of North
   Dakota, Grand  Forks, North  Dakota,  June  13, 1978.   ICP

Haigh, M.  J., ENVIRONMENTAL  PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH RECLAMATION OF OLD
   STRIP-MINED  LAND   Oklahoma Geology Notes 36_ (5),  200-202 (Oct. 1976).
   CE841

Haigh, M.  J., THE  RETREAT OF SURFACE MINE SPOIL BANK SLOPES   The
   Professional  Geographer 29_  (1), 62-65 (Feb. 1977).  CE749

Hannan, J. C.,  REHABILITATION  OF MINED AREAS   Australian Mining 7± (2),
   34, 35, 37,  39,  42,  45 (Feb.  1978).  R896

Harrell, J. W., Jr. and Saeed, M., EFFECT OF LEONARDITE ON DIFFUSION OF
   PHOSPHORUS IN  COAL  MINE SPOILS   Soil  Science 124  (5), 285-290 (1977).
   CE814

Harrison,  A. P., Jr.,  MICROSIAL  SUCCESSION  AND MINERAL LEACHING IN AN
   ARTIFICIAL COAL SPOIL   Applied Environmental Microbiology 36_ (6),
   861-869 (Dec.  1978).   CE706

Harthill, M. and Barth, R. C., TOPSOIL VERSUS SPOIL AS A PLANT GROWTH MEDIUM
   ACS Division of  Fuel Chemistry Preprints  JZ3_ (2), 228-232 (March 1978).
   ACS 5 IF

Hersman, L. E.  and  Temple, K. L.,  COMPARISON OF ATP,  PHOSPHATASE,
   PECTINOLYASE, AND RESPIRATION AS INDICATORS OF MICROBIAL ACTIVITY IN
   RECLAIMED COAL  STRIP MINE SPOILS   Soil  Science 127 (2), 70-73 (1979).
   R910
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HIGH FLOTATION SCRAPERS AID RECLAMATION   Coal Age 8J3  (4),  141  (April
   1978).  Jour

Hossner, L. R. , STRIP MINE SPOIL PRODUCES EXCELLENT  CROPS IN TEXAS
   Atlas Blasting News (Atlas Powder Company) _5  (1),  12-13  (Jan./Feb.
   1979).  CE807

HOW TO CUT RECLAMATION COSTS   Mining Equipment  International jZ (7),
   16-18, 137 (Sept. 1978).  Jour, CE538

Howard, C. R. H., LAND RECLAMATION AND THE  DEVELOPMENT PLAN   Planning
   Outlook, The Journal of the School of Town and Country Planning, King's
   College, University of Durham ^ (3), 53-58 (1957).   J.  S. Allen, Ed.,
   London;  The Oxford University Press.  CE763d

Huang, Y. H., STABILITY OF SPOIL BANKS AND  HOLLOW FILLS CREATED BY
   SURFACE MINING   University of Kentucky,  Institute  for Mining and
   Minerals Research, IMMR34-RRRI-78 (March 1978).   106 pp.  NTIS, PB-279
   323/OWE.   CE670

Hutchinson, J., LAND RESTORATION IN BRITAIN—BY  NATURE AND BY MAN
   Environmental Conservation  1_  (1), 37-41  (Spring  1974).  CE813

Hutnlk, R. J. and Davis,  G., RECLAMATION OF COAL MINED LAND IN THE UNITED
   STATES AS  COMPARED WITH THE RUHR    in  "Environmental Management of
   Mineral Wastes," G. T. Goodman and M. J.  Chadwick,  Eds., Alphen aan den
   Rijn, Netherlands:  Sijthoff  & Noordhoff, 1978.   pp 71-83.  CE715

ILLINOIS SURFACE-MINED LAND REGULATION AND  RECLAMATION   Illinois
   Institute  for Environmental Quality,  Interim Report to the Governor of
   the State  of  Illinois, Aug. 28,  1972.   10 pp.  R810

Imes, A. C. and Wall, M.  K, , GOVERNMENTAL  REGULATION OF RECLAMATION IN THE
   WESTERN UNITED STATES:  AN  ECOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE   Reclamation Review 1
   (2), 75-88 (1978).  Jour, R969a

Jackson, D.,  CORDERO ON STREAM IN POWDER RIVER    Coal Age 82 (8),
   105-108 (Aug. 1977).   Jour

Jackson, D.,  ENERGY FUELS TOPS COLORADO MINES    Coal Age 82 (3), 96-99
   (March  1977).  Jour

Jackson, D.,  GETTING THE  JUMP  ON MOTHER NATURE    Coal Age 84 (4),  94-96
   (April  1979).  Jour

Jackson, D.,  MULTI-SEAM SURFACE MINING  IN WEST    Coal Age 82 (3),  64-70
   (March  1977).  Jour

Jonas, F., SOIL FORMATION ON THE RECLAIMED  SPOIL BANKS IN THE NORTH
   BOHEMIAN  LIGNITE DISTRICT   Research  Institute for Land Reclamation  and
   Improvement,  Czech Academy  of Agriculture,  1972.  303 pp.  CE765


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Jones, J. N., Jr., Anaiger, W.  H.,  and  Bennett,  0.  L.,  A TWO-STEP SYSTEM FOR
   REVEGETATION OF SURFACE MINE SPOILS    Journal of Environmental Quality 4
   (2), 233-235 (1975).  CE750                                             ~

Kelcey, J. G., WHY RECLAIM:   A  REAPPRAISAL OF CURRENT ATTITUDES IN GREAT
   BRITAIN    Reclamation Review ^ (3/4),  157-161 (1978).  Jour

Kelly, W., EVALUATION  OF THE  ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF WESTERN SURFACE
   COALMINING.   VOLUME  II:   MINE INVENTORY   Mathematica,  Inc., Mathtech
   Division,  Interagency Energy-Environment Research and Development Report
   to U.S. EPA, Industrial Environmental  Research Laboratory, Cincinnati,
   Ohio,  EPA-600/7-79-034 (Feb.  1979).   197 pp.   EPA

Kollman,  A.,  TRACE ELEMENT CHEMISTRY  OF LEONARDITE AND ITS  POTENTIAL
   EFFECT ON  SOIL GEOCHEMISTRY  AND  PLANT  GROWTH    ACS Division of Fuel
   Chemistry  Preprints 23_ (2),  221-227  (March 1978).   ACS 51F

Krause, R. R. , SURFACE MINED-AREA DEVELOPMENT COMMITTEE:  INDUSTRY VIEWS
   TRENDS IN  SURFACE-MINE REGULATION    Soil Conservation Society of America
   26th Annual Meeting Proceedings, Columbus, Ohio, Aug. 15-18, 1971.
   pp 162-164.  CE806

LaFevers, J.  R., Johnson, D.  0.,  and  Dvorak,  A.  J., REGIONAL STUDIES PROGRAM.
   EXTRACTION OF  NORTH DAKOTA LIGNITE:  ENVIRONMENTAL AND RECLAMATION
   ISSUES   Argonne National  Laboratory,  ANL/AA-7 (Dec. 1976).  212 pp.
   NTIS,  ANL/AA-7.  DOE, R1030

LAND RECLAMATION  IN STRIP-MINED AREAS  CIM Bulletin 68 (754), 124 (Feb.
   1975).  Jour, R808

LAND RECLAMATION PROGRAM:  ANNUAL REPORT  JULY 1976-OCTOBER  1977
   Argonne National Laboratory,  Energy  and Environmental Systems Division
   and Environmental Impact Studies Division, Argonne Land  Reclamation
   Program, Report to U.S. Department of  Energy, ANL/LRP-2  (May 1978).
   163 pp.  DOE, CE11

LAND RESTORATION AFTER OPENCAST COAL  MINING   Royal School  of Mines
   Journal £6, 30, 32-33, 35-36 (1977).   R1035

LAND USE:  FOOD AND LIVING    Proceedings  of the  30th Annual Meeting,
   Soil Conservation Society  of  America,  San  Antonio, Texas,  Aug. 10-13,
   1975.  236 pp.  631 S683   Available, Soil  Conservation Society of
   America, 7515 Northeast Ankeny  Road, Ankeny,  Iowa 50021   631 S683

   Ford, R.,  STRIP MINE RECLAMATION FOR RECREATION   pp 94-99.

   Bown, T. A., REVEGETATION  AND USE  OF STRIP-MINED LANDS   pp 133-134.

Lawrey,  J. D., LITTER DECOMPOSITION AND TRACE METAL CYCLING STUDIES IN
   HABITATS VARIOUSLY INFLUENCED BY COAL  STRIP-MINING   The Ohio State
   University, Ph.D. Thesis,  1977.  105 pp.   University Microfilms,
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Lawrey, J. D., NUTRIENT ELEMENT CONTENT OF TERRICOLOUS  CRYPTOGAMS  FROM A
   COAL STRIP-MINING AREA IN OHIO   Bulletin of  the  Torrey  Botanical  Club
   105 (3), 201-20-4 (July-Sept. 1978).  CE696

Lawrey, J. D., TRACE METAL ACCUMULATION BY PLANT SPECIES  FROM A COAL
   STRIP-MINING AREA IN OHIO   Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club  104
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LEARNING  FROM THE RECLAMATION  EXPERIENCES OF OTHERS     Mining Equipment
   International 2_ (7), 18-19  (Sept.  1978).  Jour

Lewis, L. R., LaFevers, J. R., Perry, A. 0., and Rice,  W.,  Jr., INTEGRATED
   MINED-AREA RECLAMATION AND  LAND  USE PLANNING.   VOL.  4:  A BIBLIOGRAPHY
   OF  INTEGRATED MINED-AREA RECLAMATION AND LAND USE PLANNING, WITH
   ANNOTATIONS   Argonne National Laboratory,  Report to U.S. Department of
   the Interior, Resource and  Land  Investigations Program,  ANL/EMR-1  (Dec.
   1976).   114 pp.  NTIS, ANL/EMR-1(V.4).  DOE,  CE764

Lin, W.,  Spore, R. L., and Nephew,  E. A., LAND RECLAMATION  AKD STRIP-MINED
   COAL PRODUCTION IN  APPALACHIA    Journal of  Environmental Economics and
   Management M3>>  236-252  (1976).  CE846

Liwdeay,  S.  F., Bookhout, T.  A.,  and  White,  G.  C., NUTRITIVE LEVELS IN  PLANTS
   FROM  STRIPMINED AREAS  IN  EASTERN OHIO   Ohio  Journal of  Science 7£ (2),
   70-79  (1978).  CE617

Loy, L. D.,  VALLEY FILL CONSTRUCTION    LandMarc  2_ (3),  9-12 (March
   1979).   Jour, R892

Lusk,  B.  E.,  OVERVIEW  OF  NEW SURFACE  MINING METHODS  OF  STEEP SLOPES IN
   THE APPALACHIAN REGION   Transactions  AIME  260 143-146 (June 1976).
   Based  on Preprint  74F355,  SME  Fall Meeting, Acapulco, Mexico, Sept.
   1974.   See Coal and the Environment  Abstract  Series:  Bibliography on
   Mined-Land Reclamation, EPA-600/7-79-102  (April  1979).  R74-57.  Jour

Lyle,  E.  S.  and Evans, E. M.,  REVEGETATION OF  ALABAMA COAL SURFACE MINES  FOR
   SOIL  COVER AND FORAGE  PRODUCTION  Reclamation Review £ (2), 55-61
   (1979).   Jour

Lyle,  E.  S.,  Jr., Wood, P. A., and  Hajek,  B.  F., Jr., CLASSIFICATION OF COAL
   SURFACE  MINE SOIL  MATERIAL  FOR VEGETATION MANAGEMENT AND SOIL WATER
   QUALITY    Alabama  Agricultural Experiment  Station, Auburn University,
   Interagency  Energy-Environment Research and Development Program Report to
   U.S. EPA,  Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory,  Cincinnati,  Ohio,
   EPA-600/7-79-123  (May  1979).   42 pp.   EPA

MacLauchlan,  R.  S.,  THE  SEARCH FOR 'WORKHORSE' PLANTS    Soil  Conservation 42
  (12), 5-9  (July  1977).   CE491
                                      159

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Marx,  D.  H.  and  Bryan, W.  C.,  GROWTH AND ECTOMYCORRHIZAL DEVELOPMENT OF
   LOBLOLLY  PINE SEEDLINGS IN  FUMIGATED SOIL INFESTED WITH THE FUNGAL
   SYMBIONT  PISOLITHUS TINCTORIUS   Forest Service 2± (3), 245-254 (1975).
   R862

Mason, R.  H.,  FRONT SHOVEL WORKS NARROW BENCHES ON CONTOUR JOB   Coal
   Mining  &  Processing J_5  (6), 88-92 (June 1978).   Jour

Mason, R.  H.,  MINING PROJECTS  ADD BUILDING SPACE IN MOUNTAINOUS AREAS
   Coal Mining & Processing L5 (6),  80-83, 128, 132 (June 1978).  Jour

Mason, R.  H. ,  SURFACE MINING  REGULATIONS SPELL DISASTER FOR APPALACHIA
   Coal Mining & Processing ^5 (6),  70-72, 124 (June 1978).  Jour

May, M.,  MOISTURE RELATIONSHIPS AND  TREATMENTS IN REVEGETATING STRIP
   MINES  IN  THE  ARID WEST    Journal  of Range Management 28_ (4), 334-335
   (July  1975).   CE534

McBride,  F.  D.,  Chavengsaksongkram,  C., and Urie,  D.  H., SLUDGE-TREATED COAL
   MINE SPOILS INCREASE HEAVY  METALS IN COVER CROPS   U.S. Department of
   Agriculture,  North Central  Forest Experiment Station, Forest Service
   Research  Note NC-221, (1977).  4  pp.  CE688

McDonald,  D. B.  and Eubanks,  D. E.,  WESTERN COAL DEVELOPMENT:  THE PROBLEMS
   OF  ECONOMICS, ENGINEERING  AND ENVIRONMENT   Mining Engineering 28 (8),
   40-44  (Aug. 1976).   Jour

McGuire,  J.  R. ,  THERE'S MORE  TO RECLAMATION THAN PLANTING TREES
   American  Forests 
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Moran, S. R. , Groenewold, G. H., and  Cherry,  J.  A.,  GEOLOGIC,  HYDROLOGIC, AND
   GEOCHEMICAL CONCEPTS AND  TECHNIQUES  IN  OVERBURDEN CHARACTERIZATION FOR
   MINED-LAND RECLAMATION    North  Dakota Geological  Survey, Report of
   Investigation No. 63 (1978).   152  pp.   CE528

Morgan, W.  C. and Schermerhorn,  J.  G. ,  STRIPPING WITH SCRAPERS & DOZERS
   Coal Mining & Processing  _15_ <6>.  73-77,  124,  128  (June 1978).  Jour

MOSAIC/PHOTOMONTAGE-HINDSIGHT  APPLIED TO  PLANNING   Mining Congress
   Journal  6£ (4), 56-57, 71 (April  1976).   CE773

MULCHES HELP TURN BLEAK TO BEAUTIFUL    U.S.  Department of Agriculture,
   Northeastern Forest Experiment  Station,  Forestry  Science Photo Story No.
   37  (undated).  4 pp.   CE707

Murray, D.  R., PIT SLOPE  MANUAL,  SUPPLEMENT 10-1 - RECLAMATION BY
   VEGETATION:  VOLUME  1  - MINE WASTE DESCRIPTION AND CASE HISTORIES
   CANMET (Canada Centre  for Mineral  and  Energy  Technology, formerly Mines
   Branch,  Energy, Mines  and Resources Canada),  CANMET Report 77-31  (Dec.
   1977).   120 pp.  Can,  CE412

Murray,  D.  R. , PIT SLOPE  MANUAL, SUPPLEMENT 10-1 - RECLAMATION  BY
   VEGETATION:  VOLUME 2  - MINE WASTE INVENTORY BY SATELLITE IMAGERY
   CANMET (Canada Centre  for Mineral  and  Energy Technology, formerly Mines
   Branch,  Energy, Mines  and Resources Canada),  CANMET Report 77-58  (Dec.
   1977).   216 pp.  Can,  CE412

NACCO  LINKS ITS FUTURE TO LIGNITE.  RECLAMATION:  A SEQUEL TO THE MINING
   OPERATION   Coal Age 82!  (10), 76 (Oct.  1977).  Jour

NEW  DIRECTIONS IN CENTURY THREE:  STRATEGIES FOR LAND AND WATER USE
   Proceedings of the  32nd Annual  Meeting, Soil Conservation Society of
   Anerica,  Richmond,  Virginia, Aug.  7-10, 1977.  279 pp.  631  S683
   Available,  Soil Conservation Society of Anerica, 7515 Northeast Ankeny
   Road, Ankeny,  Iowa  50021   Publication No. 132, Price $6.00.  631  S683

   Klimstra, W.  D., Haynes,  R. J., and Filer, E. E.,  RESUME OF  THE USE OF
       NEARLY  200,000 ACRES  OF  SURFACE-MINED LAND IN ILLINOIS  pp  135-139.

   King, A. D.,  USE OF  THE  UNIVERSAL SOIL LOSS EQUATION ON INTERIOR  WESTERN
       SURFACE-MINED LANDS  pp  140-142.

   Cull, C.  A. and Dollhopf, D. J., SELECTIVE HANDLING AND SEGREGATION OF
       COAL  STRIP^INE  OVERBURDEN IN MONTANA  pp  142-148.

   Ruffner, J. D.,  PLANT  PERFORMANCE ON SURFACE-MINE  SPOIL IN THE EASTERN
       UNITED  STATES  pp  148-151.

   Curtis,  W.  R.  and  Superfesky, M. J., EROSION  OF  SURFACE-MINE SPOILS   pp
       154-158.
                                      161

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NEW LIFE   Contract Journal 276  (5090),  26-27  (March  24,  1977).   CE350

NORTH DAKOTA PROGRESS REPORT ON  RESEARCH ON  RECLAMATION OF  STRIP-MINED
   LAMPS - UPDATE 1977   U.S. Department  of  Agriculture,  Northern Great
   Plains Research Center, North Dakota  State  University, Agricultural
   Experiment Station, March 1977.  26 pp.   CE799

Olah, J. and Tari, T. , PROCESS FOR THE RAPID TECHNICAL  AND  BIOLOGICAL
   RESTORATION OF OPEN-CAST MINE WASTE TIPS    (to Matraaljai  Szenbanyak,
   Hungary), British Patent 1,523,504 (Sept. 6,  1978).   9 pp.   Brit  Pat

Omodt, H« W., Schroer, F. W., and Patterson, D.  D., THE PROPERTIES OF
   IMPORTANT AGRICULTURAL SOILS  AS CRITERIA  FOR  MINED LAND  RECLAMATION
   North Dakota State University, Agricultural Experiment Station, Bulletin
   492  (Jan. 1975).  52 pp.  R1040

091 RESPONDS ("HEAD-OF-HOLLOW" FILLS)    Green  Lands 9_ (2),  12-13
   (Summer 1979).  Jour

PALZO RECLAMATION PROJECT:  VIENNA RANGER DISTRICT, SHAWNEE NATIONAL
   FOREST, WILLIAMSON COUNTY, ILLINOIS    U.S.  Department of Agriculture,
   Forest Service Environmental  Statement, July  15, 1972.   Filed with
   Council on Environmental Quality, Oct.  5, 1972.  102 pp.  CE774

PAPERS OF THE LAND RECLAMATION CONFERENCE HELD AT  THE CIVIC HALL, GRAYS,
   ESSEX, ENGLAND   Oct. 5-7, 1976, J. Essex and P. Higgins,  Eds., Thurrock
   Borough Council, Grays, Essex, England, 1976.   589 pp.   631  T542   631
   T542

   Clouston, B., THE ROLE OF THE LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT  IN LAND RECLAMATION 4
      RESTORATION  pp 85-100.

   Perectl, K., THE COMPATIBILITY OF OPENCAST MINING  &  ENVIRONMENTAL
      PROTECTION  pp 231-242.

   Brent-Jones, E., THE AGRICULTURAL RESTORATION OF OPENCAST COAL SITES  IN
      GREAT BRITAIN  pp 243-262.

Patricoski, M. L., Daniels, L. K., and Sobek,  A. A.,  A  SELECTIVE BIBLIOGRAPHY
   OF SURFACE COAL MINING AND RECLAMATION LITERATURE.   VOLUME 2.   INTERIOR
   COAL PROVINCE   Argonne National Laboratory,  Energy  and  Environmental
   Systems Division and Environmental Impact Studies  Division,  Argonne Land
   Reclamation Program, Report to U-S. Department  of  Energy ANL/LRP-1 (Aug.
   1979).  152 pp.  NTIS, ANL/LRP-I Vol.2.   DOE

Paulson, M. J., WESTERN COAL STRIP MINES,  RELATED  ENERGY CONVERSION
   STRUCTURES, AND TRANSMISSION  LINES:   A STUDY  OF VISUAL QUALITY, VISUAL
   CHANCE, AND ALLEVIATING VISUAL SITING CRITERIA     Harvard University,
   Graduate School of Design, Department of  Landscape Architecture,  June
   12,  1975.  95 pp.  Available, University  of Arizona, Office  of Arid
   Lands Studies, 845 N. Park Ave., Tucson,  Ariz.   85719 as SEAMALERT
   Document No. 1207.  CE797

                                      162

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Pedersen, T. A., Rogowski, A. S., and Pennock, R., Jr. COMPARISON  OF
   MORPHOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF  SOME  SOILS  AND MINESOILS
   Reclamation Review 1 (3/4),  143-156 (1978).  Jour

Persse, f. H., STRIP-MINING TECHNIQUES TO MINIMIZE ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE
   IN THE UPPER MISSOURI RIVER  BASIN STATES   U.S. Bureau  of Mines,  1C 8685
   (1975).  53 pp.  BurM

Plass, W. T., PINE SEEDLINGS RESPOND TO LIMING OF ACID STRIP-MINE SPOIL
   U.S. Department of Agriculture,  Northeastern Forest Experiment Station,
   Forest Service Research Note NE-103 (1969).  8 pp.   CE778

Plass, W. T., SEEDING AND PLANTING  TO ACHIEVE LAND-MANAGEMENT OBJECTIVES
   in "Energy Technology Handbook," D. M. Considine,  Ed.,  McGraw-Hill Book
   Co.:   New York, 1977.  pp 1-102  -  1-116.  CE708

Power, J. F. and Sandoval, F. M., EFFECT  OF  SAMPLING  METHOD ON RESULTS OF
   CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF OVERBURDEN  SAMPLES   Mining Congress Journal 62
   (4),  37-41 (April 1976).  CE779

Power, J. F., Sandoval, F. M.,  and  Riea,  R.  E.,  TOPSOtL-SUBSOIL REQUIREMENTS
   TO RESTORE NORTH DAKOTA MINED  LAND TO  ORIGINAL PRODUCTIVITY   Mining
   Engineering  31  (12),  1708-1712 (Dec.  1979).   Jour

Power, J. F., Sandoval, F. M.,  and  Ries,  R.  E., WHAT'S GOING ON ELSEWHERE:
   WESTERN:   STRIP MINING  IN WEST EXPANDING  RAPIDLY   Crops & Soils
   Magazine 29  (4), 19-21  (Jan. 1977).   CE531

PROCEEDINGS FOURTH KENTUCKY  COAL REFUSE  DISPOSAL AND UTILIZATION SEMINAR
   Pine Mountain  State  Park,  Pineville,  Kentucky, by  University of
   Kentucky,  Pikeville  College, and Harlan  County Coal Operators
   Association, June 6-7,  1978, J.  G. Rose  and  R. V.  De Vore, Eds.,
   Institute  for  Mining and  Minerals  Research,  IMMR40-RRR5-78 (Dec.  1978).
   81 pp.   Available,  ORES  Publications,  College  of Engineering, University
   of Kentucky, Lexington,  Kentucky 40506  631  K3  CE844b

   Manaval, D.  R., OFFICE  OF SURFACE MINING ABANDONED LANDS RECLAMATION
      PROGRAM  pp  1-3.

   Vogel, W.  G.,  REVEGETATION RESEARCH  ON SURFACE-MINED LAND IN EASTERN
      KENTUCKY  pp 5-15.

PROCEEDINGS OF  THE CONFERENCE ON FORESTATION OF  DISTURBED SURFACE AREAS
   Birmingham,  Alabama, by U.S. Department  of Agriculture,  Forest Service,
   Southeastern Area  State  and Private  Forestry,  and  International  Forest
   Seed  Company,  April  14-15,   1976.  76 pp.   CE798

   May,  J.  T.,  COMPLEXITIES  OF RECLAMATION  pp 3-11.

   Lyle,  E.  S., Jr.,  GRASS,  LEGUME & TREE ESTABLISHMENT ON  ALABAMA  COAL
       SURFACE MINES   pp 12-19.
                                      163

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PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONFERENCE ON  FORESTATION OF DISTURBED SURFACE AREAS
   (continued)

   Plass, W. T., DIRECT  SEEDING OF  TREES &  SHRUBS ON SURFACE-MINED LANDS IN
      WEST VIRGINIA  pp  32-42.

   Balmer, W. E., USE OF  CONTAINERIZED  SEEDLINGS ON DISTURBED SURFACE AREAS
      pp 43-46.

   Marx, D. H., USE OF SPECIFIC MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI ON TREE ROOTS FOR
      FORESTATION OF DISTURBED LANDS  pp 47-65.

   Murphy, H. E. and Bace, A. C., Jr.,  POTENTIALS IN THE USE OF SPOIL BANKS
      pp 66-68.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIRST  ANNUAL MEETING CANADIAN LAND RECLAMATION
   ASSOCIATION   Canadian Land Reclamation  Association,  Guelph, Ontario,
   Canada, Nov. 1976.  36 pp.  CE311

PROCEEDINGS OF THE SECOND U.S.-POLISH SYMPOSIUM:  COAL SURFACE MINING
   AND POWER PRODUCTION  IN THE FACE OF  ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
   REQUIREMENTS    Castle Ksiaz,  Poland, by U.S. EPA and POLTEGOR, Sept.
   26-28, 1979, J. Libicki, Ed.,  Wroclaw,  Poland, Report No.
   EPA-600/7-79-159 (Oct. 1979).  292 pp.   EPA

   Hill, R. D., OVERVIEW  OF THE UNITED  STATES ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
      PROGRAM RELATED TO  COAL EXTRACTION CONVERSION THROUGH THE YEAR 2000
      pp 1-10.

   Witek, W., PRESENT AND FUTURE  ROLE OF LIGNITE IN POLISH POWER PRODUCTION
      AND BASIC PROBLEMS  OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION  pp 11-18.

   Kraus, R., LEGISLATION, LAWS AND REGULATIONS CONTROLLING THE SURFACE
      MINING OF LIGNITE AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION IN  POLAND  pp 33-42.

   Loy, L. D., Jr., PRESENT AND FUTURE  SURFACE COAL EXTRACTION TECHNOLOGIES
      IN THE UNITED STATES  pp 53-81.

   Turaja, H. and Wysocki, W., SURFACE  MINING OF LIGNITE WITH BELT
      CONVEYORS AND ITS ENVIRONMENTAL ADVANTAGES  pp 83-102.

   Bauntan, K., EFFORTS OF AGRICULTURAL  RECLAMATION OF TOXIC SPOILS IN
      LIGNITE SURFACE MINING IN POLAND  pp  221-239.

   McPhilliamy, S. M., ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES OF COAL MINING - EASTERN
      UNITED STATES  pp  241-253.

   CurtlB, W. R., SUCCESSFUL REVEGETATION OF COAL-MINED  LANDS IN THE UNITED
      STATES  pp 207-220.
                                      164

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PROCEEDINGS, SYMPOSIUM ON SURFACE MINING HYDROLOGY,  SEDIMENTOLOGY,  AND
   RECLAMATION   Lexington Kentucky, by University  of  Kentucky and
   Institute for Mining and Minerals Research,  Dec.  4-7,  1979, S.  B.

   Carpenter, Ed., University of Kentucky, Office of Engineering Services,
      UKY BU119 (Dec. 1979).  353 pp.  631 K961, CE853

   Koon, D. L., VEGETATIVE RESPONSES OF GRASSES AND LEGUMES PLANTED UNDER
      DIFFERING RATES OF SOIL AMENDING MULCHES  ON KENTUCKY SURFACE  MINES
      PP 1-5.

   Blueyes, J. , DETERMINING  IRRIGATION SCHEDULES  FOR MINE SOILS  pp 7-10.
      Ringe, J. M. and Wittwer, R.  F., EFFECTS  OF BARK MULCH AND FERTILIZATION
      ON GRASS-LEGUME ESTABLISHMENT AND DRY  MATTER  PRODUCTION ON EASTERN
      KENTUCKY SURFACE MINE  SPOIL   pp  11-15.

   Miller,  R. C.,  Skinner, Q. D., and Hasfurther, V. R.,  SOIL MOISTURE
      RELATIONSHIPS  IN A WESTERN ALLUVIAL  VALLEY FLOOR  pp 17-21.

   Albers,  D. J. and Carpenter,  S.  B.,  INFLUENCE  OF SITE, ENVIRONMENTAL
      CONDITIONS, MULCHING,  AND HERBACEOUS GROUND COVER ON SURVIVAL,
      GROWTH, AND  WATER RELATIONS OF EUROPEAN ALDER SEEDLINGS PLANTED ON
      SURFACE MINE SPOIL  pp 23-32.

   Nieman,  T. J. and Duff, K.,  COMPUTER AIDED LAND  USE PLANNING FOR POST
      OPERATIVE USES OF SURFACE MINED LAND  pp 111-117.

   Barnhisel, R.  I.  and Wilrahoff, G.,  CHARACTERIZATION OF SOIL  PROPERTIES
      OF RECONSTRUCTED PRIME AND NON-PRIME LAND IN  WESTERN KENTUCKY  pp
      119-122.

   Scott, M. D., RECLAMATION COSTS  FOR  PRIME FARMLAND AND ALLUVIAL
      VALLEYS—A COMPUTERIZED ANALYSIS   pp 123-127.

   Gronhovd, D. E.,  COMPARISON  OF RECLAMATION COSTS UNDER THE NORTH DAKOTA
      AND  FEDERAL  1977 RECLAMATION  LAWS   pp  129-138.

   Rogowski, A. S. and Welnrich, B. E.,  SIMULATING  A LONG-TERM RESPONSE OF
      RECLAIMED AREA TO PERCOLATION  pp  153-160.

   Lehrech, G. A., ESTIMATING INFILTRATION INTO RECLAIMED LAND  pp  169-174.
      Henry,  D. S.,  Kuenstler,  W.  F. and  Sanders, S. A., AN EVALUATION OF
      ESTABLISHMENT  METHODS  USING VARIOUS FORAGE PLANTS ON SURFACE MINED LAND
      IN KENTUCKY  pp  203-207.

   Tackett, E. M.  and  Graves, D. H., DIRECT-SEEDING OF COMMERCIAL TREES ON
      SURFACE-MINE SPOIL  pp 209-212.

   Carlson, E. W., EFFECTS  OF HERBACEOUS  VEGETATION ON THE SURVIVAL AND
      GROWTH  OF HARDWOOD  TREE SEEDLINGS   pp  213-220.
                                      165

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PROCEEDINGS, SYMPOSIUM ON  SURFACE MINING  HYDROLOGY,  SEDIMENTOLOGY,  AND
   RECLAMATION (continued)

   Carpenter, S. B. and Eigel,  R. A.,  RECLAIMING  SOUTHERN  APPALACHIAN
      SURFACE MINES WITH BLACK  LOCUST  FUEL PLANTATIONS   pp 221-227.

   Klein, D. A., Hersman,  L.  E., and Sorensen,  D.  L.,  REVEGETATION  EFFECTS
      ON SURFACE SOIL MICROBIOLOGICAL  CHARACTERISTICS    pp 229-233.

   Perrier, E. R. and Patin,  T. R., THE USE  OF  DREDGED  MATERIAL FOR
      RECLAMATION OF AREA  STRIP-MINES  pp 271-283.

   Gavande, S. A., Holland, W.  F., Grimshaw,  T. W.,  and Wilson, M.  L.,
      OVERBURDEN MANAGEMENT AND REVEGETATION  IN THE  GULF COAST  LIGNITE REGION:
      PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS  pp 293-303.

   Schafer, W. M., COVER-SOIL MANAGEMENT  IN WESTERN  SURFACE-MINE
      RECLAMATION   pp 305-310.

PROPOSED MINING AND RECLAMATION PLAN:  COAL  CREEK MINE,  CAMPBELL COUNTY,
   WYOMING   U.S. Geological  Survey, Final Environmental Statement  on
   Federal Coal Lease W-3446, 1979.  178  pp.+  631 U29wy,  R1019

Prouty, D., BELLE AYR MINE ASPIRES TO  15  MILLION  TONS  IN 1977    Coal
   Mining & Processing 14  (4),  94-98 (April  1977).   Jour

Rafaill, B. L. and Vogel,  W.  G., A GUIDE  FOR VEGETATING SURFACE-MINED LANDS
   FOR WILDLIFE IN EASTERN KENTUCKY AND WEST  VIRGINIA    prepared by U.S.
   Department of Agriculture, Northeastern Forest Experiment  Station,
   Berea, Kentucky, for U.S.  Department of the  Interior, Fish and Wildlife
   Service, Office of Biological Services, Report No.  FWS/OBS-78/84 (July
   1978).  89 pp.  US DOI, CE790

Ralston, D. S. and Wiram,  V.  P., THE NEED FOR SELECTIVE PLACEMENT OF
   OVERBURDEN AND EQUIPMENT CONSIDERATIONS    Mining  Congress  Journal 64 (1),
   18-24 (Jan, 1978).  Jour

Randall, A., Grunewald, 0., Johnson, S.,  Ausnees, R.,  and  Pagoulatos, A.,
   RECLAIMING COAL SURFACE MINES IN CENTRAL APPALACHIA:  A CASE STUDY OF
   THE BENEFITS AND COSTS   Land Economics 54_ (4), 472-489 (Nov. 1978).
   CE723

RECLAMATION FOR WILDLIFE HABITAT   Proceedings, Reclamation Workshop II,
   Fort Collins, Colorado, by ERT, Ecology Consultants,  Inc., Sept.  19-20,
   1977.  170 pp.  CE768   CE768

   Streeter, R., WILDLIFE  AND WESTERN  MINING:  WHERE DO OUR PRIORITIES HE
      pp 1-8.

   Strickland, D., AN OVERVIEW  OF MINING  AND ITS  IMPACT ON WILDLIFE IN
      WYOMING   pp 9-27.


                                     166

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RECLAMATION FOR WILDLIFE HABITAT (continued)

   Ludwig, A. and Martin, S., THE IMPORTANCE  OF  NON-GAME WILDLIFE IN MINED
      LAND RECLAMATION   pp 40-45.

   Joseph, T. W., THE IMPORTANCE OF A LAKE'S  LITTORAL ZONE AND ITS
      RELATIONSHIP TO MINE POND RECLAMATION    pp 50-63.

   Kerr, R., IDEAS ABOUT RECLAIMING WESTERN MINED LANDS  FOR WILDLIFE
      pp 69-73.

   Shinn, R. and Terrel, T.,  PROBLEMS OF  RECLAIMING FOR WILDLIFE ON PRIVATE
      LANDS  pp 74-85.

   Deland, M. and Reeves, P.,  IMPLEMENTATION  OF THE SURFACE MINING CONTROL
      AND RECLAMATION ACT OF  1977  pp 86-112.

   Frischknecht, N.  C.,  USE  OF  SHRUBS FOR MINED LAND RECLAMATION AND
      WILDLIFE HABITAT   pp 113-129.

   Russell,  K. R. , CHOOSING  AMONG  RECLAMATION ALTERNATIVES  pp 130-136.

   Stranathan, S. and Bruggetnan, L.,  DEVELOPING PLANTS COMPATIBLE TO
      WILDLIFE AND REVEGETATION pp  148-153.

   Bookhout, T., LESSONS FROM MID-APPALACHIA  STRIP MINE RECLAMATION EFFORTS
      pp  154-166.

   Kling, C. L., RECLAMATION PLANNING FOR WILDLIFE PRIOR TO MINING
      pp  167-176.

 RECLAMATION  IN NOVA  SCOTIA    Western Miner 50 (11),  37  (Nov.  1977).
   CE751

 RECLAMATION  LANDSCAPING WITH DRIP  IRRIGATION   Mine  and Quarry 7  (4),
   38,  40,  43, 45  (April 1978).   Jour

 RECLAMATION  OF DISTURBED ARID LANDS, THE   Contribution of  the Committee
   on Desert and Arid Zones  Research of the  Southwestern and  Rocky Mountain
   Division  of the American  Association for  the Advancement of Science,
   Denver,  Colorado, Feb.  23-24,  1977,  R. A.  Wright,  Ed., Albuquerque:
   University  of New Mexico  Press, 1978.   196 pp.  631 W95

   Bjugstad, A.  J.,  REESTABLISHMENT OF  WOODY PLANTS  ON MINE SPOILS AND
      MANAGEMENT OF  MINE WATER IMPOUNDMENTS:   AN  OVERVIEW OF  FOREST  SERVICE
      RESEARCH ON  THE NORTHERN HIGH PLAINS   pp  3-12.

   Power,  J. F.,  Sandoval,  F. M.,  and Ries,  R.  E., RESTORATION OF
      PRODUCTIVITY TO  DISTURBED LAND IN THE  NORTHERN GREAT  PLAINS  pp  33-49.

   LaFevers, J.  R.,  ECONOMICS OF MINED LAND  RECLAMATION  AND LAND-USE
      PLANNING  IN  WESTERN STATES  pp 68-71.

                                      167

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RECLAMATION OF DISTURBED ARID LANDS, THE  (continued)

   Hodder, R. L., POTENTIALS AND PREDICTIONS  CONCERNING RECLAMATION OF
      S04IARID MINED LANDS  pp  149-154.

   Monsen, S. B. and Plumtner, A. P., PLANTS AND  TREATMENT FOR REVEGETATION
      OF DISTURBED SITES IN THE INTEKMOUNTAIN AREA  pp  155-173.

   Aldon, E. F., ENDOMYCORRHIZAE ENHANCE  SHRUB GROWTH AND SURVIVAL ON MINE
      SPOILS  pp 174-179.

   Smith, R. £. and Woolhiser,  D. A.,  SOME APPLICATIONS OF HYDROLOGIC
      SIMULATION MODELS FOR DESIGN OF  SURFACE MINE  TOPOGRAPHY  pp 189-196.

RECLAMATION OF DRASTICALLY DISTURBED LANDS    Proceedings of a Symposium
   held at the Ohio Agricultural Research i Experiment  Station,  Wooster,
   Ohio, by the American Society of Agronomy, Crop  Science Society of
   America, Soil Science Society of America,  American Society of
   Agricultural Engineers, Society of  American Foresters, Society for Range
   Management, Soil Conservation Society  of America,  The Institute of
   Ecology, U.S. Environmental  Protection Agency and  the Ohio Agricultural
   Research & Development Center, Aug.  9-12,  1976,  F. W. Schaller and P.
   Button, Eds., Madison, Wisconsin:   1978.   742 pp.  631 S29,  CE527

   Thirgood, J. V., EXTENT OF DISTURBED LAND  AND MAJOR  RECLAMATION PROBLEMS
      IN CANADA  pp 45-68.

   Holmberg, G. V., Horvath, W. J., and LaFevera, J.  R., CITIZENS' ROLE IN
      LAND DISTURBANCE AND RECLAMATION pp 69-94.

   Bowling, K. C., HISTORY OF LEGISLATION FOR DIFFERENT STATES  pp 95-116.

   Grandt, A. F., INDUSTRY'S VIEWPOINT OF LEGISLATION AFFECTING
      SURFACE-MINED COAL LANDS  pp 117-128.

   Smith, R. M. and Sobek, A. A., PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF
      OVERBURDENS, SPOILS, WASTES, AND NEW SOILS pp  149-172.

   Gardner, H. R. and Woolhiser, D. A., HYDROLOGIC  AND  CLIMATIC FACTORS
      pp 173-191.

   Randall, A., Johnson, S., and Pagoulatoa,  A., ENVIRONMENTAL AND
      AESTHETIC CONSIDERATIONS  IN SURFACE MINING POLICY  pp 193-204,

   Riddle, J. H. and Saperetein, L. W., PREMINING PLANNING TO MAXIMIZE
      EFFECTIVE LAND USE AND RECLAMATION  pp  223-240.

   Ramani, R. V. and Grim, E. C., SURFACE MIN1NG-A  REVIEW OF PRACTICES AND
      PROGRESS IN LAND DISTURBANCE CONTROL  pp 241-270.

   Glover, F., Augustine, M., and Clar, M., GRADING AND SHAPING FOR EROSION
      CONTROL AND RAPID VEGETATIVE ESTABLISHMENT IN HUMID REGIONS  pp 271-283.

                                      168

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RECLAMATION OP DRASTICALLY DISTURBED LANDS  (continued)

   Bennet, 0. L., Ma Chias, E.  L., Armiger,  W.  H.,  and Jones, J. N., Jr.,
      PLANT MATERIALS AND THEIR  REQUIREMENTS  FOR  GROWTH IN HUMID REGIONS
      pp 285-306.

   Mays, D. A. and Bengston,  G.  W., LIME AND  FERTILIZER USE IN LAND
      RECLAMATION IN HUMID REGIONS  pp  307-328.

   Plass, W. T., USE OF MULCHES  AND SOIL STABILIZERS FOR LAND RECLAMATION
      IN THE EASTERN UNITED STATES  pp  329-337.

   Capp, J. P.,  POWER PLANT FLY  ASH UTILIZATION  FOR LAND RECLAMATION IN THE
      EASTERN UNITED STATES   pp  339-353.

   Halderson, J. L. and Zenz,  D.  R.,  USE OF MUNICIPAL SEWAGE SLUDGE  IN
      RECLAMATION OF SOILS  pp 355-377.

   Vogel, W. G.  and Curtis, W.  R.,  RECLAMATION RESEARCH ON COAL
      SURFACE-MINED LANDS  IN  THE HUMID  EAST  pp 379-397.

   Venaa, T. R.  and Thames, J. L.,  GRADING AND SHAPING FOR EROSION  CONTROL
      AND VEGETATIVE ESTABLISHMENT  IN  DRY REGIONS  pp 399-409.

   Packer, P. E. and Aldon, E.  F.,  REVEGETATION TECHNIQUES FOR DRY  REGIONS
      pp 425-450.

   Bauer, A., Berg, W.  A., and Gould,  W. L.,  CORRECTION OF NUTRIENT
      DEFICIENCIES AND  TOXICITIES IN  STRIP-MINED LANDS IN SEMIARID  AND ARID
      REGIONS  pp 451-466.

   Sandoval, F.  M. and  Gould, W. L.,  IMPROVEMENT OF  SALINE- AND
      SODIUM-AFFECTED  DISTURBED LANDS  pp 485-504.

   Ries, R.  E. and Day, A. D., USE  OF IRRIGATION IN  RECLAMATION  IN  DRY
      REGIONS  pp 505-520.

   Power, J. F., RECLAMATION  RESEARCH ON STRIP-MINED  LANDS  IN  DRY REGIONS
      pp 521-535.

   Thirgood, J.  V. and  Ziemkiewicz,  P.  F., RECLAMATION OF COAL
      SURFACE-MINED  LAND  IN WESTERN CANADA  pp 537-552.

   Berg, W.  A.,  LIMITATIONS  IN THE. USE OF SOIL TESTS  ON DRASTICALLY
      DISTURBED  LANDS   pp 653-664.

   Gee,  G. W.,  Bauer,  A., and Decker, R. S., PHYSICAL ANALYSES OF OVERBURDEN
      MATERIALS  AND  MINE  LAND SOILS  pp 665-686.

   Hill,  R.  D.,  METHODS FOR CONTROLLING POLLUTANTS   pp  687-704.
                                      169

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RECLAMATION OF DRASTICALLY DISTURBED LANDS  (continued)

   Cox, T. L. and Witter, S. G., APPLICATIONS  OF  REMOTE SENSING TECHNOLOGY
      TO DISTURBED LANDS  pp 705-727.

RECLAMATION RESEARCH AT GLENHAROLD MINE   Coal  Age  80 (2),  116 (Feb.
   1975).  Jour, R806

Reeder, J. D. and Berg, W. A.,  NITROGEN MINERALIZATION  AND  NITRIFICATION IN
   A CRETACEOUS SHALE AND COAL MINE SPOILS   Soil Science Society of
   America Journal 41^ (5), 922-927 (1977).   CE805a

Reeder, J. D. and Berg, W. A.,  PLANT UPTAKE OF  INDIGENOUS AND FERTILIZER
   NITROGEN FROM A CRETACEOUS  SHALE AND COAL MINE SPOILS   Soil Science
   Society of America Journal 41_ (5),  919-921  (1977).  CE805

RESEARCH AND DEMONSTRATION OF  IMPROVED SURFACE  MINING TECHNIQUES IN
   EASTERN KENTUCKY.  SURFACE MINE POLLUTION ABATEMENT  AND  LAND USE IMPACT
   INVESTIGATION:  VOLUME III.   WATERSHED RANKING,  SELECTION OF THE STUDY
   AREA, ANALYSIS OF THE STUDY  AREA    Eastern  Kentucky  University, Report
   to Appalachian Regional Commission  and Kentucky  Department for Natural
   Resources and Environmental  Protection,  ARC  71-66-T2 (undated, published
   1975).  238 pp.   CE540

Ries, R. E., Sandoval, F. M., and Power, J.  F., RECLAMATION OF DISTURBED
   LANDS IN THE LIGNITE AREA OF  THE NORTHERN PLAINS   in "Technology and
   Use of Lignite," Proceedings  of a Symposium, Grand Forks, North Dakota,
   by U.S. Energy Research and  Development  Administration,  and the
   University of North Dakota,  May 18-19,  1977, G.  H. Gronhovd and W. R.
   Kube, Eds., GFERC/IC-77/1 (1977).   pp 309-327.  662.6 L725 1977

RIPPING OVERBURDEN PAYS OFF    Coal Mining & Processing  j_5  (6), 86-87
   (June 1978).  Jour

Rogowski, A. S., DEVELOPMENT OF  EROSION PAVEMENT  ON STRIP MINE SPOILS
   American Society of Agricultural Engineers  Winter Meeting, New Orleans,
   Louisiana, Dec. 11-14, 1979.  Paper No.  79-2538.  (15 pp.)  ASAE

Rowe, J. E., AN INVENTORY OF UNIQUE USES FOR RECLAIMED STRIP MINED LAND
   IN THE APPALACHIAN REGION    University of Tennessee, Appalachian
   Resources Project, ARP Publication  No. 33 (undated,  issued March 1975).
   CE407a

Safaya, N. M., DELINEATION OF  MINERAL  STRESSES IN MINE SPOILS AND
   SCREENING PLANTS FOR ADAPTABILITY   in  "Ecology  and Coal Resource
   Development," M. K. Wall, Ed., New  York: Pergamon Press, Inc., 1979.
   pp 830-849.  CE756

Samuel, D. E., STUDY MEASURES  SURFACE  MINING'S IMPACT ON WILDLIFE
   Green Lands 6 (2), 46-48  (Spring 1976).   Jour, R1024
                                      170

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Saperetein, L.  W., THE TOTAL POTENTIAL FOR RECLAMATION OR REDEVELOPMENT
   OF OPEN-PIT MINES   AIME Environmental Quality Conference  for  the
   Extractive Industries, Washington, D.C., June 7-9,  1971.   Paper  No.  EQC
   51.  CE115

Sawarynski, T.  J., STEEP SLOPE MINING AND THE SURFACE MINING  CONTROL  AND
   RECLAMATION ACT OF 1977   Mining  Congress Journal 6£  (9),  233-236, 242
   (Sept. 1978).  Jour

Scanlon, D. H., Duggan, C., and Bean, S. D. EVALUATION OF MUNICIPAL COMPOST
   FOR STRIP MINE RECLAMATION   Compost  Science _U  (3),  4-8  (May-June
   1973).  CE845

Schafer, W. M., GUIDES FOR ESTIMATING COVER-SOIL QUALITY AND  MINE SOIL
   CAPABILITY FOR USE IN COAL STRIPMINE  RECLAMATION IN THE WESTERN UNITED
   STATES   Reclamation Review 2_  (2), 67-74 (1979).  Jour

Schuhart, A. , SURFACE MINE RECLAMATION THE WESTERN  WAY   Soil
   Conservation 43 (10), 11-18 (May  1978).  CE840

Schumsn, G. E. and Howard, G. S.,  ARTEMISIA VULGARIS L.:  AN ORNAMENTAL
   PLANT FOR DISTURBED LAND RECLAMATION   Journal of Range Management 3_1^
   (5),  392-393  (Sept. 1978).  R960

Schuroan, G. E. and Taylor, E. M.,  Jr.,  USE  OF MINE  SPOIL MATERIAL TO IMPROVE
   THE TOPSOIL    University of Wyoming,  Agricultural Experiment Station,
   Research Journal  130  (1978).   11  pp.   R961

Sindelar,  B. W.,  ESTABLISHMENT, SUCCESSION, AND STABILITY OF VEGETATION
   ON SURFACE MINED  LANDS  IN  EASTERN MONTANA     Montana  State University,
   Annual Progress Report, June 1, 1975  - Feb.  29,  1976, RLO-228-T3-2
   (March  1976).  CE691

Sindelar,  B. W.,  Hodder, R. L., and  Majerua,  M. E. , SURFACE MINED LAND
   RECLAMATION RESEARCH  IN MONTANA  Montana  State  University, Agricultural
   Experiment  Station, Research Report  40,  Progress Report 1972-1973 (April
   1973).   122 pp.   CE770

Sindelar,  B. W.  and  Plantenberg,  P.  L.,  ESTABLISHMENT, SUCCESSION, AND
   STABILITY OF  VEGETATION ON SURJFACE MINED LANDS IN EASTERN MONTANA
   Montana  State  University,  Agricultural Experiment Station, Annual
   Progress Report March  1,  1977  - Feb.  29,  1978 to U.S. Department of
   Energy,  Contract  No.  EY-76-S-2228 #3 (July 1978).  211 pp.  NTIS,
   RLO-2228-T3-5.  Mont

Sly,  G.  R.,  SMALL MAMMAL SUCCESSION ON STRIP-MINED LAND IN VIGO  COUNTY,
   INDIANA  The  American  Midland Naturalist 95 (2), 257-267 (April  1976).
   CE802

Smith,  R.  M. and Freeman,  J.  R.,  UPDATE OK OVERBURDEN CHARACTERISTICS
   Mining  Congress  Journal 64 (3), 27-31 (March 1978).  Jour


                                      171

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Smith,  R. M.»  Sobek,  A.  A.,  Arkle,  T.,  Jr.,  Sencindiver,  J.  C.,  and Freeman,
   J. R., EXTENSIVE OVERBURDEN POTENTIALS  FOR SOIL AND WATER QUALITY    Wait
   Virginia  University,  College of  Agriculture and Forestry, Division of
   Plant Science,  Report  to  U.S.  EPA,  Industrial  Environmental  Research
   Laboratory,  Cincinnati, Ohio,  prepared  in cooperation  with West  Virginia
   Geological and  Economic Survey,  Environmental  Protection  Technology
   Series EPA-600/2-76-184 (Aug.  1976).   311 pp.   EPA,  CE74

Smith, W. B., A BWE AND  SHIFTABLE CONVEYOR SYSTEM AT WORK IN WASHINGTON
   Mining Engineering 3_1_ (7),  796,  798,  801  (July 1979).   Jour

Sobek, A- A., Schuller, W. A.,  Freeman,  J. R.,  and Smith,  R.  M,,  FIELD AND
   LABORATORY METHODS APPLICABLE  TO OVERBURDENS AND MINESOILS   West
   Virginia  University,  College of  Agriculture and Forestry, in  cooperation
   with  the  West Virginia Geological and Economic Survey, Report  lo U.S.
   EPA,  Industrial Environmental  Research  Laboratory,  Cincinnati, Ohio,
   Environmental Protection  Technology  Series EPA-600/2-78-054  (March
   1978).  204  pp.  NTIS, PB-280  495/3WN.     EPA, CE616

Sopper, W.,  NEW METHOD OF SPOIL BANK RECLAMATION?  Reprint  from
   Pennsylvania Game News (Feb. 1971).   2  pp.   R980

Sowa, E. A.  and Davidson, W. H.,  A  NEW  COVER CROP FOR  SPOIL  BANKS
   Reprinted from Pennsylvania  Farmer  194  (1) (Jan. 10, 1976).   1 pp.
   CE709

Spisz, E. W., APPLICATION OF MULTISPECTRAL SCANNER DATA TO THE  STUDY OF
   AN ABANDONED SURFACE COAL MINE   National Aeronautics  and Space
   Administration, Lewis Research Center,  Cleveland, Ohio, NASA-TM-78912
   (Nov. 1978).  80 pp.  NTIS,  N79-13472/2WN.  FICHE,  CE188

Striffler, W. D. and May, R. F.,  FOREST RESTORATION OF STRIP-MINED AREAS
   Reprinted from Proceedings,  Society  of  American Foresters, Detroit,
   Michigan, 1965.  pp 105-108.   CE781

STRIP MINE REHABILITATION:   THE AMERICAN APPROACH  South African Mining
   and Engineering Journal 89_  (4137), 41,  43,  45  (Feb.  1978).  R954

STRIP MINED AREA RECLAMATION AND  RECREATION  CENTER DEVELOPMENT,   '
   LACKAWANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA    U.S. Bureau of Mines,  Final
   Environmental Impact Statement,  FES  72-18 (June 1972).  137 pp.   NTIS,
   EIS-PA-72-4756-F.  R999

STRIP MINING AND THE FLOODING  IN  APPALACHIA    Hearings before U.S.  House
   of Representatives, Couaittee  on Government  Operations, Subcommittee on
   Environment, Energy, and  Natural Resources,  95th Congress, 1st Session,
   July 26,  1977.  108 pp.   Hearings, CE256

STRIP MINING IN NOVA SCOTIA    Western Miner  50 (8), 32,34 (Aug.  1977).
   CE4B6
                                      172

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Struck,  D.  G., CONFLICTIVE LAND USE:  COAL STRIP MINING  AND  AGRICULTURE
   Montana Department of Natural Resources and Conservation, June  1975.
   (16 pp.+ map).  R857

SUGGESTED GUIDELINES FOR METHOD OF OPERATION  IN SURFACE  MINING  OF  AREAS
   WITH POTENTIALLY ACID-PRODUCING MATERIALS:  DEVELOPED BY  SURFACE MINE
   DRAINAGE TASK FORCE   Green Lands £  (2), 21-40  (Summer 1979).   Jour

SUNDECO'S NEW CORDERO FACILITIES INTEGRATE STRIP MINING  AND  RECLAMATION
   Coal Mining & Processing  14 (7), 46-47  (July  1977).   Jour, CE283

SURFACE MINE RECLAMATION AND LAND USE PLANNING    Proceedings of a
   Symposium, Lee'a College, Jackson., Kentucky, by Scientists and  Engineers
   for Appalachla, October 26-27, 1973.   125  pp.   CE767   CE767  a-h

   Montgomery, H.  B., LAND USE PLANNING OF  SURFACE-MINED LAND   pp 1-22.

   Ratliff, K. and Hayes, W., CURRENT RECLAMATION POLICIES AND PRACTICES IN
      KENTUCKY   pp 23-29.

   Curtis, W., PREVIOUS RESEARCH ON RECLAIMED SURFACE MINED AREAS IN
      APPALACHIA  pp 30-38.

   Pitts, T., SURFACE MINE RECLAMATION  IN EAST TENNESSEE   pp 39-50.

   Jackson, J. L., CURRENT RECLAMATION  ON PRACTICES IN EASTERN KENTUCKY
      pp 51-68.

   Moore, J.  R.  and Schmidt-Bleek,  F.  K., STRIP MINING AND  THE THREE  E'S
      pp 69-84.

   Spore, R.  L., OPPORTUNITY COSTS  ASSOCIATED WITH COAL PRODUCTION    pp
      85-93.

   Luigart, F. W., Jr.,  EFFECTS  OF  THE  MINING INDUSTRY ON AREA ECONOMICS
      PRESENT AND  FUTURE   pp  94-121.

Sweeney, L. R.,  SURFACE MINING  RECLAMATION IN APPALACHIA:   IMPACT OF  THE
   1977 SURFACE  MINING CONTROL  AND  RECLAMATION ACT   Journal of Soil  and
   Water Conservation  34  (5),  199-203 (Sept.-Oct. 1979).  Jour

TVA  PLANS TO  RECLAIM ORPHAN  BANKS    Coal Age  83_ (5), 15 (May 1978).
   Jour

Tasker, A.  and Chadwick,  M.  J.,  THE MICRODISTRIBUTION OF AGROSTIS TENUIS ON
   COLLIERY SPOIL  IN RELATION TO SPOIL  CHEMICAL VARIABILITY     Journal of
   Applied  Ecology _15_  (2), 551-563  (1978).   R1034

Teague, R.  N.,  SURFACE MINE  RECLAMATION   Outdoor Indiana 37 (8), 26-29
   (Oct.  1972).   R913
                                      173

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Thirgood, J. V., THE  PLANNED  RECLAMATION  OF MINED LANDS    Western Miner
   A3  (6),  22-30 (1970).   CE60

TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL MEETING OF KENTUCKY MINING  INSTITUTE THEMES:
   RESEARCH, RECLAMATION,  TRANSPORTATION,  MINING  METHODS   Coal Age 67
   (11),  112-113 (Nov.  1962).  Jour,  CE82

Vogel, W. G., REVEGETATION OF SURFACE-MINED LANDS IN THE EAST
   Reprinted from Proceedings, Society of  American Foresters, 1977.
   pp  167-172.  CE710

Vogel, W. G. and Berg,  W.  A., GRASSES AND  LEGUMES FOR COVER ON ACID
   STRIP-MINE SPOILS    Journal of  Soil and Water  Conservation 23  (3), 89-91
   (May-June 1968).   CE711

Wagner, W. L., Martin,  W.  C., and  Aldon,  E. F.  NATURAL SUCCESSION ON
   STRIP-MINED LANDS  IN NORTHWESTERN  NEW  MEXICO   Reclamation Review 1 (2),
   67-73  (1978).  Jour, R969

Ward, M., REHABILITATION OF OPEN CAST COAL MINES    New Zealand Institute
   of Mining Inc., Hamilton,  New Zealand,  5th Mining Seminar, Oct. 1977.
   Paper No. ICTIS-M-0056.  9 pp.   FICHE,  CE720

Wiebmer, J. D., LIGNITE AND NORTH  DAKOTA:  A CAUTIOUS RESPONSE TO
   ACCELERATED MINING DEMANDS    Mining Engineering £9 <8)t 24-35 (Aug.
   1977).  Jour

Williams, G. P., Jr., WOOD CHIPS FOR  DUST CONTROL ON SURFACE-MINE HAUL
   ROADS   U.S. Department of Agriculture, Northeastern Forest Experiment
   Station, Forest Service Reserach Note  NE-277 (1979).  16 pp.  USDA,
   CE783

Wiseman, T., HITTING  PAY DIRT WITH PINE SEEDS:   STRIP MINES REFORESTED
   Mining Congress Journal 64 (12), 59-60 (Dec.  1978).  Jour, R976

Wittwer, R. F., Graves, D. H., and Carpenter, S.  B., ESTABLISHING OAKS AND
   VIRGINIA PINE ON APPALACHIAN SURFACE MINE SPOILS BY DIRECT SEEDING
   Reclamation Review 2, (2),  63-66 (1979). Jour

Yrjanainen, G., SEDIMENT BASIN DESIGN  Water & Sewage Works 122  (7),
   82-84  (July 1975).   R935

Zarger, T. G., Maddox,  J.  B., Starnes, L.  B., and Seawell,  W. M., ECOLOGICAL
   RECOVERY AFTER RECLAMATION OF TOXIC SPOILS LEFT BY COAL SURFACE MINING,
   PHASE I - A BASELINE ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS PRIOR TO
   APPLICATION OF INTENSIVE REMEDIAL  TREATMENTS   Tennessee Valley
   Authority, Interagency  Energy-Environment Research and Development
   Program Report to  U.S.  EPA, Industrial  Environmental Research
   Laboratory, Cincinnati, Ohio, EPA-600/7-79-209 (Oct. 1979).  89 pp.
   EPA, CE850
                                      174

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Ziemkiewicz, P. F. and Northway, S. M., TECHNICAL NOTE:  A SPECIES  SELECTION
   TECHNIQUE FOR RECLAMATION IN BRITISH COLUMBIA   Reclamation Review J_
   (3/4), 163-166 (1978).  Jour
                                       175

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                                APPENDIX B

                 COAL AND  THE  ENVIRONMENT ABSTRACT  SERIES:
                   A BIBLIOGRAPHY  ON  DISPOSAL OF  REFUSE
                 FROM COAL MINES AND  COAL CLEANING  PLANTS

Abbott, D. and Bacon, G. E., RECLAMATIOK OF  COAL  MINE WASTES IN NEW
   BRUNSWICK   CIM Bulletin 7£ (781),  112-119 (1977).   CE694

Atkinson, J. R-, Laurie, I. C., and Clay, A.  J. M.,  THE AFFORESTATION OF PIT
   HEAPS IN COUNTY DURHAM   Planning  Outlook, The Journal of the School of
   Town and Country Planning,  King's  College, University of Durham A, (3),
   45-52 (1957).  J- S. Allen,  Ed., London:   The  Oxford University Press.
   CE763c

Ayerst, J. M., EFFECT OF COMPACTION OF COAL  SHALE ON THE REVEGETATION OF
   SPOIL HEAPS   Reclamation Review^ (1),  27-30  (March 1978).   Jour, R985a

Bates, A., THE REHABILITATION  OF MINE AND INDUSTRIAL WASTE HEAPS
   Planning Outlook, The Journal of the School of Town and Country
   Planning, King's College, University of  Durham 4  (3), 59-64  (1957).  J.
   S. Allen, Ed-, London:   The Oxford University  pFess.  CE763e

Berg, W. A., ALUMINUM AND  MANGANESE TOXICITIES IN ACID COAL MINE WASTES
   in "Environmental Management of Mineral  Wastes,"  G. T. Goodman and M. J.
   Chadwick, Eds., Alphen  aan  den  Rijn, The  Netherlands:  Sijthoff &
   Noordhoff,  1978.  pp 141-150.   R1001

Bland, A. E.,  Robl, T. L.,  and Rose,  J. G.,  EVALUATION OF INTERSEAM AND COAL
   CLEANING EFFECTS ON THE CHEMICAL VARIABILITY OF PAST AND PRESENT
   KENTUCKY COAL REFUSE    Transactions AIME  262_ (4), 331-334 (Dec. 1977).
   Trans. AIME

Buttennore, W. H., Sintcoe,  E.  J.,  and Maloy,  M.  A.,  CHARACTERIZATION OF COAL
   REFUSE   West Virginia  University,  Coal  Research Bureau, Report No.  159
   (undated).  137 pp.  CE685

Chadwick, M. J. and Hardiman,  K. M.,  VEGETATING COLLIERY SPOIL    in Land
   Reclamation Conference,  Grays,  Essex, U.K., Oct.  5-7, 1976.   pp 421-441.
   in "Papers  of the Land  Reclamation Conference  Held at the Civic Hall,
   Grays, Essex, England,"  J.  Essex and P«  Hlggina,  Eds., Thurrock Borough
   Council, Grays, Essex,  England, 1976- PP 421-441.  631 T542

Chen, C. Y., INVESTIGATION AND STATISTICAL  ANALYSIS OF THE GEOTECKN1CAL
   PROPERTIES  OF COAL MINE REFUSE   University of Pittsburgh, Ph.D. Thesis,
   1976.  196  pp.  University  Microfilms No.  BNJ77-02993.  Fichc, CE327

COAL MINING FIRM GETS SET  TO  PRODUCE  ALUMINUM   Steel 146, 54 (June 6,
   1960).  D209
                                     176

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Cobb, J.  C., Masters, J. M.,  Treworgy, C. G., and Halfinstine,  R.  J.,
   ABUNDANCE AND RECOVERY OF SPHALERITE AND  FINE COAL FROM  MINE WASTE  IN
   ILLINOIS   Illinois State Geological Survey, Illinois Minerals  Note 71
   (March 1979).  11 pp.  D93

COLLIERY SHALE AS A ROADMAKING MATERIAL   Ministry  of Transport, Road
   Research Laboratory, Crowthorne, Berkshire, Great Britain,  Leaflet  LF
   154, C.E.F.31 (Feb. 1970).  2 pp.  CE818

COLLIERY SHALE IMPORTED FOR M.18 THORNE BY-PASS EMBANKMENT    Contract
   Journal, June 29, 1972.  pp 22-23.  CE821

COLLIERY SHALES   Great Britain, National Coal Board  (undated).  12 pp.
   CE820

Collins, R. J. and Miller, R.  H.,  AVAILABILITY OF  MINING WASTES AND THEIR
   POTENTIAL FOR USE AS HIGHWAY MATERIAL -  EXECUTIVE  SUMMARY  Valley Forge
   Laboratories, Inc.,  Report  to U.S.  Department  of Transportation, Federal
   Highway  Administration, FHWA-RD-78-28  (Sept.  1977).   40 pp.  NTIS,
   PB-287  511/OWP  631  C71, CE285a

Cope,  E.,  THE PROGRESS  OF  MECHANISED  PACKING IN  NORTH STAFFORDSHIRE
   Colliery Guardian  19±  (4934),  351-354  (Sept.  22, 1955).   D204

Dick,  J. B., Gutt, W.,  and Collins,  R.  J.,  BUILDING RESEARCH ESTABLISHMENT:
   SOME WORK IN  PROGRESS:  MINERALOGY OF  COLLIERY SPOIL AND ITS UTILISATION
   Chemistry and Industry, April  17,  1976.   pp  339-341.  CE589

Downie, W., USE  OF  UNBURNT COLLIERY SHALE AS FILLING MATERIAL  IN
   EMBANKMENTS   Ministry  of  Transport,  Engineering Intelligence Division,
   Great Britain, Technical Memo.  T4/68,  E.Int.4/7/01 (Sept. 5, 1968).
   2 pp.   CE819

Dronen,  S.  I. and Pendleton,  C.  S., STABILIZING A COAL REFUSE  PILE    Soil
   Conservation 4^  (11),  20-21 (June 1978).  CE837

Dunn, R. B., MINING WASTE   Mining Technology 60 (694), 319-327 (Aug.
   1978).   D248

Everett, R. H.  and  Hodgkinson, N., DENSE AGGREGATE FROM COLLIERY WASTE   (to
   Coal  Industry Patents,  Ltd.), British Patent 1,526,145  (Sept. 27,  1978).
   6 pp.   Brit  Pat,  CE759

Ewing, R.  A.,  Cornaby,  B.  W., Van Voris, P., Zuck, J. C.,  Raines, G.  E., and
   Min,  S., CRITERIA FOR ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS FROM  COAL
   CLEANING PROCESSES   Battelle Columbus Laboratories, Report  to U.S.  EPA,
   Industrial  Environmental Research Laboratory, Research  Triangle  Park,
   North Carolina,  Interagency Energy-Environment  Research and Development
   Program Report,  EPA-600/7-79-140 (June  1979).   189 pp.   EPA, CE847
                                     177

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Finkelman, R. B., RELEASE OF TRACE ELEMENTS FROM A  BURNING  BITUMINOUS
   CULM BANK   U.S. Geological Survey, Open File Report  78-864  (1978),
   49 pp.  US Ceol Fiche

Fletcher, L. W., PNEUMATIC STOWING AT HOLDITCH  COLLIERY   Colliery
   Guardian j^O (4917), 641-643 (May 26,  1955).  D203

FLUIDIZATION   Proceedings of the Second  Engineering Foundation
   Conference, Trinity College, Cambridge, England, April 2-6,  1978,  J.  F.
   Davidson and D. L. Keairns, Eds., London,  England:  Cambridge University
   Press, 1978-  407 pp.  660 F25

   Randell, A. A., Gauld, D. W., Dando, R. L. and LaNauze,  R.  D., DISPOSAL
      OF COLLIERY TAILINGS BY FLUIDIZED BED COMBUSTION  pp  286-291.

   Poersch, W. and Zabeschek, G., FLUIDIZED BED COMBUSTION  OF FLOTATION
      TAILINGS  pp 292-296.

Freas, R. C. and Briggs, R. W., WASTE PRODUCTS  TO  FERTILE  SOIL.  THE
   COMBINATION OF FLUE GAS DESULFURIZATION SLUDGES  AND FINE COAL REFUSE
   WITH MUNICIPAL WASTE   Proceedings of  the  Sixth  Mineral  Waste
   Utilization Symposium, Chicago, Illinois,  by U.S. Bureau of  Mines and
   IIT Research Institute, E. Aleshin,  Ed.,  1978.   pp  70-75.  Available,
   IIT Research Institute, P. 0. Box 4963, Chicago, Illinois  60680  622 M6
   1978

Glushnev, S. V., Demldov, L. G., Zharov,  Y. N., Zeltel, L.  A., Itkin, Y.
   V., and Cherltinskaya, K. T.,  FEATURES  OF  THE CHANGE IN THE PHYSIOCHEMICAL
   PROPERTIES OF COAL  ENRICHMENT WASTES IN  PROCESSES CONVERTING THEM INTO
   BUILDING MATERIALS    Solid  Fuel  Chemistry (Khioiya Tverdogo Topllva) ^1
   (4),  144-145  (1977).  Jour

Guryachkov,  I.  L.,  Glushnev,  S.  V.,  Borycheva,  E.  A.,  and Ignatova, N.  N., USE
   OF COAL WASTES  REINFORCED WITH ORGANIC BINDERS  FOR  ROAD BUILDING   Solid
   Fuel  Chemistry  (Khimiya Tverdogo  Topliva)  _U (4),   147 (1977).  Jour

Gutt, W.  H.  and Russell, A. D.,  DENSE AGGREGATES   (to National Research
   Development  Corporation),  British Patent  1,453,641  (Oct. 27, 1976).
   4  pp.   Brit  Pat

Hamza, H.  A.,  FLOCCULATION OF  FROTH  FLOTATION TAILINGS FROM A COAL
   WASHERY   CIM Bulletin 7_2  (802),  116-121  (Feb.  1979).  Jour, CE689

Hodgkinson,  N.,  Pritchard,  F.  W.,  and  Lewis,  S., A COMPOSITE MATERIAL    [to
   Coal  Industry  (Patents)  Limited], British Patent 1,473,517  (May  11,
   1977).   3 pp.    Brit  Pat,  CE 623
                                     178

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Hoffman, D. C.,  Briggs, R. W. , and Michalski, S. R. , MANAGEMENT  OF  COAL
   PREPARATION FINE WASTES WITHOUT DISPOSAL PONDS   Dravo Corporation,
   Report to U.S. EPA, Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory,
   Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, and U.S. Department of  Energy,
   Division of Solid Fuel Mining and Preparation,  Pittsburgh,  Pennsylvania,
   Interagency Energy-Environment Research and Development  Program  Report,
   EPA-600/7-79-007 and FE-11270-1 (Jan.  1979).  43 pp.+  EPA, DOE,  CE726

Hubert, E., DUST HAZARD CAUSED BY PNEUMATIC STOWING   Colliery Guardian
   200  (5167), 457-463 (April 28, 1960).  D207

Kimber, A. J., Pulford, I. D., and Duncan, H. J.,  CHEMICAL  VARIATION AND
   VEGETATION DISTRIBUTION ON A  COAL WASTE TIP   Journal  of Applied Ecology
   ^  (2), 627-633  (1978).   D440

Kirkup, W. M., A METHOD OF  INCINERATING SEWAGE  SLUDGES   (to
   Eamil-Envirotech Limited), British  Patent  1,465,869 (March 2, 1977).
   3 pp.   Brit Pat

Kobeski, W. D.,  Srocki, S. W., Blosser, W.  I.,  and Needham, J.  J., METHOD OF
   TREATING EARTHEN AREAS   (to  United States Gypsum  Company),  U.S. Patent
   4,076,862  (Feb.  28,  1978).  8 pp.   US Fat

KOCHER COAL CO.  CLOSES WATER CIRCUIT,  ELIMINATES  SETTLING-POND PROBLEMS
   Coal Age £1 (8), 98-99 (Aug.  1976).  Jour,  CE669

Leasing,  R.,  DISPOSAL  OF  COLLIERY WASTES   Colliery Guardian 193 (4970).
   153-154,  156-157 (Aug. 2, 1956).   D205

Mason,  R.  H., MARTIN  COUNTY  PLANT HANDLES 45X REJECT   Coal Mining &
   Processing J^7 (1),  68-69  (Jan. 1980).  Jour

Mason,  R.  H., RAPCO PLANT MINES  REFUSE DUMPS   Coal Mining & Processing
   ^6  (4), 108-109, 121  (April  1979).   Jour, D417

Maxwell,  E.  and  Kelland,  D.  R.,  MAGNETITE RECOVERY IN COAL WASHING BY  HIGH
   GRADIENT MAGNETIC  SEPARATION   Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
   Francis Bitter National Magnet Laboratory, Report to U.S. EPA,
   Industrial Environmental  Research Laboratory,  Research Triangle Park,
   North  Carolina,  and U.S.  Department of Energy,  Division of Solid Fuel
   Mining and Preparation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania,  Interagency
   Energy-Environment Research  and Development Program Report,
   EPA-600/7-78-183 and FE-8887-1 (Sept. 1978).  60 pp.  EPA, DOE

McMurray,  R.  L., PROCESS  FOR THE SEPARATION OF AGGLOMERATED CARBONACEOUS
   PARTICLES FROM ASSOCIATED INORGANIC MATERIALS   U.S. Patent  4,089,776
    (May 16, 1978).   6 pp.  US Pat,  CE690

Mel, J. S., Gall, R.  L.,  and Wilson, J. S., FLUIDIZED-BED  COMBUSTION  TEST  OF
   LOW-QUALITY FUELS—I.   ANTHRACITE REFUSE   U.S. Department of  Energy,
   Morgantown Energy Research Center,  MERC/RI-78/1 (May  10,  1978).   50 pp.
    DOE

                                     179

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Mitchell, D.  R.  and Smith,  C.  M.,  RECLAMATION OF REFUSE AT ILLINOIS COAL
   MINES    Illinois State  Geological Survey, Circular 23 (1938).  pp 45-52.
   D199

Muncy, R. J.  and Barrett,  F.  I.,  STATIC BIOASSAY TESTING OF IOWA COAL
   BENEFICATION  PLANT MAGNETITE-SLURRY WITH CHANNEL CATFISH (ICTALURUS
   PUNCTATUS)    Iowa State  University, Energy and Minerals Resources
   Research  Institute,  IS-ICP-60  (1977).   66 pp.  CE89b

Naylor, A.  E.  and  Thompson, J.  S.,  POWER PACKING   The Colliery Guardian 184
   (4743),  95-99 (Jan.  24,  1952).   D200                                  	

Nicol, S. K.  and Swansea,  A.  R.,  SELECTIVE AGGLOMERATION IN THE TREATMENT OF
   FINE COAL  REFUSE    Australian  Mining 69_ (2), 42-43 (Feb.  1977).  CE829

Nunny, R. S. ,  A  SURVEY OF  THE  DISPERSAL OF COLLIERY WASTE FROM LYNEMOUTH
   BEACH, NORTHUMBERLAND   Ministry of Agriculture and Food,  Great Britain,
   Directorate of  Fisheries Research,  Lowestoft, Fisheries Research
   Technical  Report No. 43  (1978).   17 pp.   D240

Orchard, R.  J. ,  UNDERGROUND STOWING   Colliery Guardian 203 (5237),
   258-263  (Aug.  31,  1961).  D210

Pelczarski,  E. A.,  Karnavas, J. A., and LaRosa,  P. J., METHOD OF TREATING COAL
   REFUSE    (to  Black  Sivalls  & Bryson,  Inc.),  U.S.  Patent 3,917,795 (Nov.
   4, 1975).   7  pp.   US Pat, CE808

POLLUTION CONTROL  GUIDELINES FOR COAL  REFUSE PILES AND SLURRY PONDS   W.
   A. Wahler  and Associates, Report to U.S.  EPA, Industrial Environmental
   Research  Laboratory, Cincinnati, Ohio,  Interagency  Energy-Environment
   Research  and  Development Program Report,  EPA-600/7-78-222  (Nov. 1978).
   213 pp.   EPA, CE644

POWER-STOWING  INSTALLATION, A   Colliery  Engineering 31 (366),  226-233
   (June 1954).  D201

PROCEEDINGS,  FOURTH KENTUCKY COAL  REFUSE  DISPOSAL AND  UTILIZATION
   SEMINAR   Pine Mountain State Park,  Pineville,  Kentucky, by  University
   of Kentucky,  Pikeville College,  and  Harlan  County Coal  Operators
   Association,  June 6-7, 1978, J.  G.  Rose and R.  W. De Vore,  Eds.,
   Institute for Mining and Minerals Research, IMMR40-RRR5-78  (Dec.  1978).
   81 pp.   Available, ORES Publications, College of  Engineering,  University
   of Kentucky,  Lexington, Kentucky  40506   631  K3  631 K3 1978,  CE844

   DiMillio, A. F. and Besselievre, W.  C., COAL  REFUSE UTILIZATION IN  ROAD
      CONSTRUCTION  pp 41-47.

   Klepper,  R. P., NEW TRENDS IN FINE REFUSE VACUUM  FILTRATION   pp 51-54.

   Iwasyszyn, T., REFUSE DEWATERINC BY  CENTRIFUGES  pp 55-56.
                                    180

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PROCEEDINGS, FOURTH KENTUCKY COAL REFUSE DISPOSAL AND UTILIZATION
   SEMINAR (continued)

   Roessler, M. L., APPLICATION OF VIBRATING EQUIPMENT  FOR  STORAGE  AND
      HANDLING OF COAL FILTER CAKE AND REFUSE  pp 57-63.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE SECOND U.S.-POLISH SYMPOSIUM:  COAL  SURFACE  MINING
   AND POWER PRODUCTION IN THE FACE OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
   REQUIREMENTS   Castle Ksiaz, Poland, by U.S.  EPA and POLTEGOR,  September
   26-28, 1979, J. Libicki, Ed., Wroclaw, Poland, Report No.
   EPA-600/7-79-159 (Oct. 1979),  292 pp.  EPA

   Martin, J.  F», COAL REFUSE DISPOSAL PRACTICES AND  CHALLENGES IN THE
      UNITED STATES   pp  173-190.

   WysocVd, W., RECLAMATION PRACTICES FOR COAL REFUSE AND  FLY ASH DISPOSAL
      pp 191-206,

Pryor, A. G.,  THE AVON COLLIERY AND WASHERY:  ENVIRONMENT  PROTECTION
   MEASURES    Mine and Quarry Mechanisation,  1976.  pp 128-131, 133.  D247

Pulford, I. D. and Duncan, H. J., THE INFLUENCE  OF  ACID LEACHING AND
   IGNITION ON THE AVAILABILITY OF NUTRIENTS  IN  COAL  MINE  WASTE
   Reclamation Review^  (2),  55-59 (1978).  Jour,  D250a

Pulford, I. D. and Duncan, H, J., A  QUALITATIVE  ASSESSMENT Of  POTENTIAL
   ACIDITY  IN  COAL MINE  WASTE   Recitation  Review^ (2),  51-5* (1978).
   Jour, D250

Raymond, B. and  Payne,  B.,  RECEOT ADVANCES  IN CANADIAN COAL PREPARATION
   CIM  Bulletin  TjZ  (802),  110-115 (Feb.  1979).   Jour

Richardson, J. A.,  DERELICT  PIT HEAPS AND THEIR VEGETATION   Planning
   Outlook, The  Journal  of  the  School of Town and Country Planning,  King's
   College, University of  Durham A_ (3),  15-22 (1957).  J.  S. Allen.  Ed.,
   London:  The  Oxford  University Press.  CE763a

Roberts, J. R. and  Gelsler,  H.  J.,  COAL WASTE DISPOSAL AT POCAHONTAS
   NATIONAL POCAHONTAS  MINE   Mining Congress Journal  64 (12), 39-43 (Dec.
    1978).   Jour,  D370

Rogers, S.  E., Tolle, D. A., Brown,  D.  P.,  dark, R.,  Stilwell, J.,  and
   Vignon.  B.  W.. ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF COAL CLEANIHG PROCESSES:  HOMER
   CITY POWER CGHPLEX TESTING   Battelle Coluebua Laboratories, Report  to  U.S.
   EPA, Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory,  Research Triangle
    park. North Carolina, Interagcncy Energy-Environment Research  and
    Development Program Report, EPA-fcOO/7-79-073f  (Sept. 1979).  257 pp.   EPA

 Rose. J. G. and  Howell, R. C,, PROPOSED COAL PILLARING PROCEDURE  USING
    CONCRETE CONTAINING COAL REFUSE (COAL-CRETE)   Mining  Engineering 21
    O), 290-298  (March  1979).  Also presented at  AIME  Annual Meeting,
    Atlanta, Georgia, March 1977.  Preprint No.  77F102.  Jour,  D424

                                      181

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 Ryan,  C.  R.,  REFUSE PILE FIRE ABATEMENT USING FLY ASH INJECTION
    Proceedings,  Fourth International Ash Utilization Symposium, St. Louis,
    Missouri,  by  National Ash Association, Edison Electric Institute,
    American Public Power Association, National Coal Association, and Energy
    Research & Development Administration, March 24-25, 1976, J. R. Faber,
    A.  W.  Babcock,  and J. D. Spencer, Eds., Energy Research and Development
    Administration, Morgantown Energy Research Center, MERC/SP-76/4
    (undated),  pp  665-676.   Available, NTIS, CONF-760322  628.5 U952

 Schuman,  G.  E.,  Berg, W. A., and Power, J. F., MANAGEMENT OF MINE WASTES  IN
    THE WESTERN UNITED STATES   in "Land Application of Waste Materials,"
    Ankeny,  Iowa:   Soil Conservation Society of America, 1976.  pp 180-194.
    631 S683

 Scowen, R.  T.  and  Dewar, I. S.,  USE OF WASTE MATERIAL FOR ROAD FILL   Joint
    Circular,  Department of  the Environment Circular 47/72, Welsh Office
    Circular 22/72, Great Britain (June 1, 1972).  2 pp.  Appendix,
    STATEMENT  BY  LORD SANFORD ON THE USE OF WASTE MATERIAL FOR ROAD FILL
    House  of Lords, Official Report 325 (8), Columns 687-690 (Nov. 17,
    1971).   2  pp.   CE817

 Sopper, W.  E., Kardos, L. T., and Edgerton, B. R., ANTHRACITE REFUSE BANKS
    RECLAIMED  WITH  SLUDGE AND EFFLUENT TREATMENTS   Science in Agriculture
    24_ (2),  8-9 (Winter 1977).  CE605a

 Sullivan, K.  M., A REVIEW OF THE POTENTIAL FOR UTILISING WASHERY REFUSE
    IN  N.S.W.  AND QUEENSLAND    Australian Coal Industry Research
    Laboratories Ltd., P.R.  77-10 (June 1977).  13 pp.  662.6 A9

 Tanfield, D.  A., CONSTRUCTION USES FOR COLLIERY SPOIL   Reprinted from
    Contract Journal,  Jan. 14 and 21, 1971.  4 pp.  CE822

 Tolle, D. A.,  Neuendorf, D. W.,  and Van Vorls, P., ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF
    COAL CLEANING PROCESSES:  MASTER TEST PLAN   Battelle Columbus
    Laboratories, Report to  U.S.  EPA, Industrial Environmental Research
    Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, Interagency
    Energy-Environment Research and Development Program Report,
    EPA-600/7-79-073a  (Feb.  1979).  65 pp.  EPA, CE848

Waters, P.  L., FLUIDISED COMBUSTION OF COAL WASHERY WASTE   Colliery
    Guardian Coal International 227 (1), 50-54 (Jan.  1979).  Jour, D441

Waters, P. L., PROSPECTIVE  USES  FOR COLLIERY WASTE   Mine and Quarry
   Mechanisation,  1976.   pp 184-185.   D246

Wewerka, E. M., Williams, J.  M.,  and Vanderborgh,  N.  E.,  DISPOSAL OF COAL
    PREPARATION WASTES:   ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS   Fourth National
    Conference on Energy  and the  Environment,  Cincinnati,  Ohio, Oct.  5-7,
    1976, Los  Alamos Scientific Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico
   LA-UR-76-2198 (1976).  7 pp.   CE728
                                     182

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White, J. W. , COAL REFUSE, BY-PRODUCTS MEDIA FOR FLORAL  CROPS   Science
   in Agriculture _1£ (1), 8-9  (Fall  1971).  CE761

Williams, P. J. and Cooper, J. E., NITROGEN MINERALIZATION AND  NITRIFICATION
   IN AMENDED COLLIERY SPOILS   Journal of Applied  Ecology J.3 (2),  533-543
   (1976).  CE815

Wilmoth, R. C. and Scott, R. B.,  UTILIZATION OF FLY ASH  AND COAL MINE REFUSE
   AS A ROAD BASE MATERIAL   U.S. EPA, Industrial Environmental Research
   Laboratory, Cincinnati, Ohio,  Interagency Energy-Environment Research
   and Development Program Report, EPA-600/7-79-122 (Aug.  1979),  A8 pp«
   NTIS, PB-300 761/4WP   EPA
                                     183

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                                   TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                            (Pleaie read Instructions on the reverse btfore completing)
1. REPORT NO.
   EPA-600/7-80-113
                                                           3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSIOWNO.
 .TITLE ANDSUBTITLE
  Coal and the  Environment Abstract  Series: Mine
  Drainage Bibliography   1929-1980
                                                           6. REPORT DATE

                                                               May 1 Qgft ^elo..^*^
                                                           6. PERFORMING ORGANIZAT1OI
                                                                              Lfi—^*A£<^U—
                                                                              :flON"CODE
7 AUTHOR(S)
  V.  E. Gleason
                                                           B. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
                                                           10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS


  Bituminous Coal  Research, Inc.
  Monroeville,  Pennsylvania  15146
                                                                   .CT/ORANT NO.
                                                              R-805336
12.SPQNSQRINGAGENCY NAME AND ADDHESS  ...    ,
  Industrial Environmental  Research  Laboratory
  Office of Research and Development
  U.S.  Environmental Protection Agency
  Cincinnati, Ohio   45268
                                                           13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                                                             Task Final	
                                                           14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                                                              EPA/600/12
IB. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
  Project also funded by Office of Surface Mining, Department  of Interior, and
  Bituminous Coal  Research, Inc.
16. ABSTRACT
  This volume  is  the fourth to appear  in  the "Coal and the  Environment Abstract  Series"
  and is a new edition of "Mine Drainage  Bibliography."  The  other volumes in  the
  series are "Reclamation of Coal-Mined Land" and  A Bibliography on Disposal  of Refuse
  from Coal Mines and Coal Cleaning."  The three bibliographies in the series  are  in-
  tended to complement one another.  While each covers one  particular subject  area,  in-
  evitably some documents listed in one also are relevant to  one of the other  bibliog-
  raphies.  In addition to the abstracts,  this volume includes  an Author Index and a
  General Index.
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
                                               . IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                                                                           COSATI Field/Group
  Bibliography
  Mining
  Coal
  Water Pollution
  Mine drainage
                                               Acid mine drainage
                                               Treatment, water
                                               Iron
                                               Add
                                               Sediment ponds
                                               Surface mines
   02A
   02D
   06M
   08G
   081
   13B
                                               19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
                                               Unclassified
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
  Release to public
21. NO. OF PAGES
    196
                                              20. SECURITY CLASS (TMlpaf)
                                              Unclassified
                                                                         22. PRICE
EPA Form JJ2O-1 (»-7«
                                                        * U.S eOVEMMENT PNNTHW OFFICE: 1WO-657-146/5717

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