Dl
EPA
United Stales
Department of the
Interior
Office of Surface Mining
Technical Services and Research
Washington DC 20240
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Industrial Environmental
Research Laboratory
Cincinnati OH 45268
EPA 600/7 80 113
May 1980
Research and Development
Coal and the
Environment
Abstract Series
Mine Drainage
Bibliography
1929-1980
Interagency
Energy/Environmental
R&D Program
Report
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RESEARCH REPORTING SERIES
Research reports of the Office of Research and Development. US Environmental
Protection Agency, have been grouped into nine series These nine broad cate-
gories were established to facilitate further development and application of en-
vironmental technology Elimination of traditional grouping was consciously
planned to foster technology transfer and a maximum interface m related fields
The nine series are:
1 Environmental Health Effects Research
2 Environmental Protection Technology
3 Ecological Research
4 Environmental Monitoring
5. Socioeconomic Environmental Studies
6 Scientific and Technical Assessment Reports (STAR)
7 Interagency Energy-Environment Research and Development
8, "Special" Reports
9 Miscellaneous Reports
This report has been assigned to the INTERAGENCY ENERGY-ENVIRONMENT
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT series. Reports in this series result from the
effort funded under the 1 7-agency Federal Energy/Environment Research and
Development Program. These studies relate to EPA's mission to protect the public
health and welfare from adverse effects of pollutants associated with energy sys-
tems The goal of the Program is to assure the rapid development of domestic
energy supplies in an environmentally-compatible manner by providing the nec-
essary environmental data and control technology Investigations include analy-
ses of the transport of energy-related pollutants and their health and ecological
effects, assessments of, and development of, control technologies tor energy
systems, and integrated assessments of a wide range of energy-related environ-
mental issues
This document is available to the public through the National Technical Informa-
tion Service, Springfield, Virginia 22161
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EPA-600/7-80-113
May 1980
COAL AND THE ENVIRONMENT
ABSTRACT SERIES
Mine Drainage Bibliography
1929-1980
Compiled by
Virginia E. Gleason
Bituminous Coal Research, Inc.
Monroeville, Pennsylvania 15146
Grant Number R805336-02
Project Officer
Ronald D. Hill
Solid and Hazardous Waste Research Division
Municipal Environmental Research Laboratory
Cincinnati, Ohio 45268
Co-sponsored by
Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement
U. S. Department of the Interior
Washington, D.C. 20240
INDUSTRIAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LABORATORY
OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
U. S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
CINCINNATI, OHIO 45268
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DISCLAIMER
This report has been reviewed by the Industrial Environmental Research
Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and approved for
publication. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily ref «c
the views and policies of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, nor
mention of trade names or conmercial products constitute endorsement or
recommendation for use.
it
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FOREWORD
When energy and material resources are extracted, processed, converted
and used, the related pollutional impacts on our environment and even our
health often require that new and increasingly more efficient pollution con-
trol methods are used. The Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory -
Cincinnati (IERL-Ci) assists in developing and demonstrating new and improved
methodologies that will meet those needs both efficiently and economically.
This publication is the fourth of the "Coal and the Environment Abstract
Series." It provides the researcher, scientist, mine executives, and
regulators with a timely bibliography. Not only will it provide the research
community with a means of readily accessing the literature, but it should
provide those persons implementing mine drainage environmental controls with
a handy reference to solving their problems. Additional bibliographies are
planned for this series.
David G. Stephan
Director
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
Cincinnati
ill
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PREFACE
Coal is our most plentiful source of energy, and its use is essential to
the well-being of the nation. As coal continues to be produced and as mines
are opened in areas where mining has not existed previously, opportunities for
the occurrence of environmental degradation will increase. However, such
degradation need not occur if the existing and evolving pollution control
technology is well known and properly applied.
Numerous public and private efforts have contributed to the knowledge
concerning coal's environmental problems and to their control- This knowledge
is well documented, and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has
been actively involved in compiling and disseminating it. One facet of this
activity has been the co-sponsorship of an environmental library at Bituminous
Coal Research, Inc. (BCR) for use by the public as well as the coal industry,
and the publication of Bibliographies of abstracts based on the collections
within the library.
This volume is the fourth to appear in the "Coal and the Environment
Abstract Series" and provides additional material to the first volume in the
series, "Mine Drainage Bibliography 1910-1976." For this reason the numbering
of entries in this volume, for most of the years prior to 1977, does not
appear to be consistent. The numbering system for these abstracts is
explained in detail in the section on "Format and Use of the Bibliography."
Preparation of this edition was co-sponsored by EPA, Department of
Interior's Office of Surface Mining and Enforcement, and BCR. The other
volumes in the series are "Bibliography on Mined-Land Reclamation" and "A
Bibliography on Disposal of Refuse from Coal Mines and Coal Cleaning Plants."
The initial Mine Drainage Bibliography was prepared in 1976 by BCR with
co-sponsorship of the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources and
EPA. Copies of that Bibliography can be obtained from BCR or from NTIS as
PB-265 041/4BE. The Refuse Disposal Bibliography, EPA-600/7-79-076, prepared
in 1978 by BCR with support from EPA, can be obtained from EPA, or from NTIS
as PB-292 099/9WP. The Reclamation Bibliography, EPA-600/7-79-102, can be
obtained from EPA; from Office of Surface Mining in Washington, D. C. and its
five regional offices; from BCR; and from NTIS as PB-298 191/8WP. Addresses
for each of these organizations are given at the end of the preface.
The Bibliographies in the "Coal and Environment Abstract Series" are
intended to complement one another. While each covers one particular subject
area, inevitably some documents listed in one are also relevant to one of the
other Bibliographies. For example, the Reclamation Bibliography includes
information on the effects of mining and reclamation on hydrology and, to some
extent, on water quality. However, much of the information on changes in
water quality resulting from surface mining and reclamation has been listed in
the Mine Drainage Bibliography. Another example of overlap is in the
assignment of documents concerned with overburden or spoil. In American
usage, these terms are synonymous but in British usage, the term "spoil"
includes both overburden and refuse from coal cleaning plants. Documents on
"spoils" have been separated into those relating to refuse and to overburden
iv
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and put in the proper Bibliography. Since a number of British documents give
information on both kinds of spoils, the reader should probably scan both the
Reclamation Abstracts and the Refuse Disposal Abstracts. Finally, many
documents include material on each of the subject areas covered by the
Bibliographies. If one subject area has been emphasized more than the other
two, the document is listed only in the bibliography relating to that major
area. However, it is so indexed in that Bibliography to show that it also
contains information relating to other subjects. If there are major emphases
on more than one area, the document is listed in each of the Bibliographies to
which it is relevant.
In addition to the abstracts, this volume Includes an Author Index and a
General Index which are described in the section, "Format and Use of the
Bibliography." In the Appendixes are lists of the publications most recently
acquired for the "Coal and the Environment Abstract Series." Appendix A gives
an update for "Bibliography on Mined-Land Reclamation/' Appendix B continues
the update for "A Bibliography on Disposal of Refuse from Coal Mines and Coal
Cleaning Plants," which was begun in the previous volume of this Series.
Much of the literature listed in the "Coal and the Environment Abstract
Series" is available from large libraries, government agencies issuing
particular reports, or from the authors. Complete citations have been given
so that the reader can obtain material from these sources. Items with NTIS
numbers at the end of the citation may be purchased from U.S. Department of
Commerce, National Technical Information Service, Springfield, Virginia 22161.
For those who have difficulty in obtaining material from these sources,
arrangements can be made to use the library of BCR on weekdays between 8:00
a.m. and 4:30 p.m. Limited interlibrary loan service and photocopies of
non-copyright material for a nominal fee are also available. Please direct
requests to Librarian, Bituminous Coal Research, Inc., 350 Hochberg Road,
Monroeville, Pennsylvania 15146.
Searching for and acquisition of mine drainage information is a continuing
effort. Although coverage of the early literature is essentially complete,
some more recently published material may not have been included. Copies of
any publications not listed here, as well as of new publications, should be
sent to BCR for inclusion in future issues of the Bibliographies. Any other
suggestions, conments, or criticism of this publication are welcomed.
Additional copies of this publication and other bibliographies in the
series may be obtained from:
Bituminous Coal Research, Inc.
350 Hochberg Road
Monroeville, Pennsylvania 15146
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U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
ORD Publications
EPA/CERI
Cincinnati, Ohio 45268
Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement
U.S. Department of the Interior
1951 Constitution Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20240
Region I - 1st Floor, Thomas Hill Building,
950 Kanawha Blvd., East,
Charleston, West Virginia 25301
Region II - 530 Gay Street, Suite 500,
Knoxville, Tennessee 37902
Region III - Federal Building, Ohio and Pennsylvania Streets,
Indianapolis, Indiana 46204
Region IV - 818 Grand Avenue, Kansas City, Missouri 64106
Region V - 1020 15th Street, Denver, Colorado 80202
NTIS
National Technical Information Service
U.S. Department of Commerce
Springfield, Virginia 22161
vi
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ABSTRACT
This volume is the fourth to appear In the "Coal and the Environment
Abstract Series" and is an update of and companion to "Mine Drainage
Bibliography 1910-1976." The other volumes In Che series are "Bibliography on
Mined-Land Reclamation" and "A Bibliography on Disposal of Refuse from Coal
Mines and Coal Cleaning Plants." The three subjects covered by the
Bibliographies in the "Coal and Environment Abstract Series" are intended to
complement one another. While each covers one particular subject area,
inevitably some documents listed in one are also relevant to one of the other
Bibliographies. Some of the topics covered in this Bibliography are formation
and effects of acid mine drainage; erosion and sedimentation; sediment control
technology; the effects of coal mining on ground water quality and on
hydrology; and drainage from coal storage piles. In addition to the
abstracts, this volume Includes an Author Index and a General Index.
This publication has been financed by Bituminous Coal Research, Inc., and
by Federal funds from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and from the
Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement, USDI, under grant number
R805336-02.
vii
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CONTENTS
Page
Preface iv
Format and Use of the Bibliography ix
Abstracts, 1929 - 1980 1
Author Index 102
General Index 112
Appendix A, COAL AND THE ENVIRONMENT ABSTRACT SERIES:
BIBLIOGRAPHY ON MINED-LAND RECLAMATION (Alphabetical
listing updating 1979 Bibliography) 149
Appendix B, COAL AND THE ENVIRONMENT ABSTRACT SERIES:
A BIBLIOGRAPHY ON DISPOSAL OF REFUSE FROM COAL MINES AND
COAL CLEANING PLANTS (Alphabetical listing of second
update of 1978 Bibliography) 176
ix
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FORMAT AND USE OF THE BIBLIOGRAPHY
The abstracts are grouped according to the year of publication, with each
section being headed by Its chronological designation. Within each year the
abstracts are arranged alphabetically by the first author, or, if no personal
author, by title. Each abstract is numbered sequentially within the year of
publication and has its own unique number: for example, M76-42. The letter M
indicates the general subject area of effects of coal mining on water quality.
The next two digits refer to the year of publication. The number to the right
of the hyphen indicates the order in which that abstract is listed within the
publication year. These unique numbers are used to reference the abstracts In
the indexes. In this publication the sequential numbers of abstracts of
documents issued before 1977 do not begin with -1. For example, the first
document of the 1976 group has the number M76-25. Abstracts M(D)76-l through
M(D)76-24 are in "Mine Drainage Bibliography 1910-1976." The "D" used with
the abstract number In the 1976 Bibliography was dropped In this edition for
ease of computer manipulation of the Information. At the end of each abstract
are either letters, numbers, or various letter-number combinations. These are
related to the filing of material In the BGR Library, and will aid the BCR
staff In answering questions on the availability of the material.
The Author Index includes the names of all persons who have been listed
as authors or editors of any publication. When an organization is shown as
the author, it is listed in the General Index. Names beginning with Me or Mac
have been included alphabetically, as spelled, and are not grouped together.
The General Index includes the following categories: names of industry,
government, and academic organizations engaged in or sponsoring work related
to the effects of coal and coal mining on water quality; geographic features
such as names of foreign countries and of states and regions of the United
States; and subject areas such as acid mine drainage formation and sediment
control. Terminology is as specific as possible and at the same time is
controlled to provide consistency both within this volume and In relation to
the companion volume, "Mine Drainage Bibliography 1910-1976."
Federal government agencies are listed by name and are not grouped
together under United States. As an example, Applachian Regional Commission
appears in "A" listings and Old West Regional Commission appears in "0"
listings. Both are identified as being part of the United States Government.
Subordinate parts of government agencies also are used as main index entries,
with cross references from the parent organization. Environmental Protection
Agency, U.S. Government, is a main entry which has cross references to
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory, Cincinnati, Ohio, as well as to
Crown Mine Drainage Field Site, West Virginia.
State agencies are indexed using the name of the state as the initial
word of the agency title. For example, Kentucky Department for Natural
Resources and Conservation and Pennsylvania Department of Environmental
Resources are used as main index entries.
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In all categories, cross references and supplemental words and phrases
are used liberally to facilitate information retrieval. All entries in the
General Index are intermixed in strictly alphabetical order which follows the
word-by-word method, with hyphenated words considered as one word.
The Appendixes are updates of the two other Bibliographies described in
the Preface and appear after the indexes. Publications are listed
alphabetically by author or title in each category: mined-land reclamation
and disposal of coal refuse. No abstracts are included for these items, nor
are they indexed. However, abstracts of these publications will be included
in the subsequent abstract bibliographies planned for each subject area.
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1929
M29-2 WATER PURIFICATION ~ AN ACT
The General Assembly of Pennsylvania, File of the Senate, No. 27, Session of
1929, Printer's No. 127, File Folio - 451, Introduced by Mr. Painter, and
Referred to the Committee on Public Health and Sanitation, Jan. 22, 1929.
3 pp. Included are a copy of the Act which would require sealing of abandoned
bituminous coal mines and brief comments on this requirement. CE354
1931
M31-8 A GENERAL REVEIW OF THE UNITED STATES BUREAU OF MINES STREAM-
POLLUTION INVESTIGATION
Leitch, R. D., U.S. Bureau of Mines, RI 3098 (April 1931). 7 pp. This
interesting historical paper provides information concerning the first five
years' involvement (1925-1930) by the U.S. Bureau of Mines in the mine
drainage problem and is essentially a brief state-of-the-art. An insight is
given into public attitude at that time toward the problem. Subjects
addressed include the interest of water-supply companies in the problem,
sources and variations of acid mine water, effects of rock dusting, effects of
fish life, non-acid mines, mine sealing, and correction of the acid mine
drainage problem in Indian Creek, Fayette County, Pennsylvania, by mine
sealing and construction of a rock, tunnel and flume diversion system. CE12
1953
M53-14 A LIMNOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE COLLEGE FARM STRIP-^INE LAKE
Burner, C. C. (1) and Leist, C. (2) [(1) Kansas Forestry, Fish, and Game
Commission and (2) Kansas State Teachers College], Transactions of the Kansas
Academy of Science _56. (1), 78-85 (1953). This introduction to a series of
research efforts to improve fish productivity in strip-mine lakes was carried
out on a lake located two miles south of Pittsburg, Kansas, and chosen because
fish had inhabited it for several years. Both surface and bottom samples
taken at five stations by means of a Kemmerer Water Sampler were analyzed for
light penetration, pH, dissolved oxygen, free carbon dioxide, and carbonates
and bicarbonates. Lake temperature was recorded when sampling was carried
out. Biological characteristics studied included aquatic plants, plankton,
benthos, and vertebrates, with five species of fish being found. Water
quality was favorable for warm water fishes. However, the amounts of benthos
and plankton found were considered to be low. In addition, the steep slope of
most of the banks was not well suited for the growth of food forms or for
breeding purposes. CE31
1954
M54-21 REPORT ON PROGRESS OF FISH MANAGEMENT STUDIES ON STRIP-MINE LAKES
Burner, C. (Kansas Forestry, Fish, and Game Commission), Kansas Fish and Game
J.^ (3), 5-8 (Jan. 1954). The primary goal of these studies, being carried out
1
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M54-21 (continued?
in cooperation with coal companies, is to develop the best techniques for the
improvement of game fishing in the numerous surface mine lakes in Kansas.
Physical, chemical, and biological studies are conducted prior to the
development of a management program to determine the kind and abundance of
fish food, and the growth condition and abundance of fish in the lake. The
management program has included combinations of the following techniques;
removal and restocking to restore a proper ratio of sunfish (pan species) to
bass (desired game species), treatment of shallow water to reduce pan species,
and the stocking of strip-mine waters soon after the completion of mining
activities. CE30
1960
M60-Z6 PLANKTON, BENTHOS AND FISH IN THREE STRIP-MINE LAKES WITH VARYING PH
VALUES
Stockinger, N. F. and Hays, H. A., Transactions of the Kansas Academy of
Science 63_ (1), 1-11 (Spring 1960). One acid (pH 3.2-3.6) atrip mine lake,
one mildly acid (pH 6.2-7.4), and one slightly basic (pH 7.0-7.8) lake were
included in this study in southeastern Kansas. In general, the plankton
population was reduced in the acid lake as compared to the other two. The
benthos comprised a rather diverse group of organisms with the acid lake
containing the largest volume of organisms per square foot of bottom. Fish
were not present in the acid lake and in the mildly acid lake pronounced
stunting of growth was exhibited by bluegills. Growth of bass in the slightly
basic lake compared favorably with that of fish in other bodies of water until
the third year when stunting also became pronounced. (Adapted from authors'
Summary) CE20
1963
M63-29 AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF WATER RESOURCE PAPERS PERTAINING TO THE
STATE OF WEST VIRGINIA
Tsai, J. C,-H. and Burchinal, J. C., West Virginia University, Department of
Civil Engineering, and West Virginia Center for Appalachian Studies and
Development, prepared for West Virginia Department of Natural Resources,
Division of Water Resources, Oct. 1963. 132 pp. This bibliography contains
abstracts of 645 papers of which 26 relate to acid nine drainage. Author and
subject indexes are also provided. CE212
1964
M64-17 MICROBIAL FORMATION AND DEGRADATION OF MINERALS
Silverman, M. P. and Ehrlich, H. L., Advances in Applied Microbiology b_,
153-206 (1964). The role of microorganisms in transformations of minerals in
nature is discussed with the main emphasis on mineral concentrations of
economic Importance to the mining Industry. Discussed in depth are mechanisms
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M64-17 (continued)
of microbial-mineral reactions, sulfur-mineral deposits, and iron and
manganese deposits. CE26
1966
M66-52 A QUARTER TO ZERO—SURFACE MINING AND WATER SUPPLIES
Agnew, A. F., Mining Congress Journal _5£ (10), 29, 32-34, 38-40 (Oct. 1966).
The author discusses the studies of the Indiana University Water Resources
Center on the hydrology of Pike County, of the Cypress Creek-Otter Creek-Coles
Creek area of Warrick County, and of the Busseron Creek drainage basin of
Sullivan County. The preliminary study, begun in the second year of severe
drought in southern Indiana showed that the stream gaging stations in unmined
areas measured no flow while gaging stations in mined areas showed a low but
measurable amount of water yield from the mined areas to the streams. The
author also presents a detailed comparison of runoff from mined and unmined
land using records of stream gaging stations on the South Fork Patoka River,
draining the mined area, and on Flat Creek (east), draining the unmined area,
and U.S. Weather Bureau records for one station in Pike County and five
stations surrounding it. Data showed that storm runoff from the unmined
watershed was greater than from the mined watershed, indicating that the
increased water holding capacity of mined land was being recharged. CE29
M66-53 "OPERATION YELLOWBOY" TREATMENT PLAN OF LITTLE SCRUBGRASS CREEK
VENANGO - BUTLER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA
Dorr-Oliver, Inc. and Gannett Fleming Corddry and Carpenter, Inc., Report to
Pennsylvania Coal Research Board, Jan. 1966. 7 pp. The results of a study
conducted at Paul Moore's farm located on Little Scrubgrass Creek, Venango
County, under the Pennsylvania Coal Research Board's "Operation Yellowboy,"
are reported. Chemical analyses of the stream showed the iron content to be
less than 0. 7 ppm and the acidity was 63 ppm. Since solids precipitation was
not notable following neutralization, it was concluded that the lime-
neutralization aeration-dewatering process under investigation was not
applicable to treat this water. CE794
M66-54 ACID MINE WATER REVERSE OSMOSIS TEST AT KITTANNING, PENNSYLVANIA
Riedinger, A., Schultz, J., Di Luzio, F. C., Hunter, J. A., Heintz, J. W., and
Seiveka, E. H., General Dynamics, General Atomic Division, Report Co U.S.
Department of the Interior, Office of Saline Water, Research and Development
Progress Report No; 217 (Oct. 1966). 69 pp. NTIS, PB-184 073. The results
of tests conducted on a 24-hour-a-day basis for about ten days each at two
abandoned mine sites near Kittanning, Pa., are presented. About 75 gallons
per hour of high-quality product water were produced from feeds with a pH of
3.0 and lower and containing 100 ppm or more of dissolved iron. The operation
could be maintained over periods of several days at recovery rates
(product/feed) in excess of 90 percent, even though the solubility limits for
some of the constituents were greatly exceeded. The majority of the
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M66-5A (continued)
experiments were carried out using the reverse osmosis test unit known as POGO
I which has six pressure tubes, each containing six spiral-wound modules, each
of which has an active surface area of 6 sq. ft. CE762
1967
M67-74 THE USE OF BIOCIDES AS INHIBITORS OF THE RESPIRATION RATE OF
FERRQBACILLUS FERROOXIDANS
Charnego, M. R., Indiana University of Pennsylvania, M.Ed. Thesis, 1967. 55
pp. This theais reports on an investigation to evaluate the capability of
certain commercially available biocides in reducing the respiration rate of _p.
ferrooxidans. Of the fourteen tested, the only biocides found to be effective
were quaternary ammonium compounds. These results were based on laboratory
studies and the author recognized the need for furthur studies under field
conditions and for development of solutions to the engineering problems
involved in the application of a biocide, 67-89
1968
M6B-101 THE OXfGENATION OF IRON (II) - RELATIONSHIP TO COAL MINE DRAINAGE
TREATMENT
Stauffer, T. E. and Lovell, H. L., The Pennsylvania State University, College
of Earth and Mineral Science, Report to Pennsylvania Coal Research Board,
Special Research Report SR-69 (Nov. 1, 1968). 152 pp. The reaction
parameters considered were: pH, temperature, as well as aluminum and iron
concentrations. The rate is highly pH dependent, increasing with pH. The
rate was shown to have a temperature dependence of eight fold per 10 increase
between 5 and 25 C. The presence of aluminum (common in mine drainage waters)
results in an overall increase in reaction complexity. Aluminum presence
results in an oxygenation rate which is considerably slower after the system
reaches a pH near 5.5. However, there is evidence of an earlier distinctly
different rate (more rapid) at lower pH values while aluminum hydroxide and
hydrous ferrous hydroxide are being precipitated. An increase in initial
ferrous concentrations increased the oxygenation rate. The sludge settling
rates (from 0.007 to 0.29 inches/minute) responded as the reciprocal of pH and
iron-aluminum concentrations. Further data were developed toward establishing
a practical process to form a ferromagnetic sludge product. (From Summation
of Results) 662.6 P4, CE831
1969
M69-95 WORK PLAN FOR WATERSHED PROTECTION AND FLOOD PREVENTION: CLEAR CREEK
WATERSHED, HOPKINS AND WEBSTER COUNTIES, KENTUCKY
Watershed Work Plan Agreement between the Hopkins County Soil and Water
Conservation District, Clear Creek Watershed Conservancy District, State of
Kentucky, and the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service,
1969. 62 pp.+ Included in the plan is a detailed description of the
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M69-95 (continued)
watershed, the watershed problems, the improvement works to be installed, the
project costs and the benefits to be expected. The identified watershed
problem related to coal involves sediments. A minor benefit of the project to
coal mining will be that water pumping costs will be reduced by minimizing the
areal extent of the land affected by flood waters. CE42
1970
M70-118 THE EFFECTS OF STRIP MINING ON A NATURAL SYSTEM: A WATER QUALITY
STUDY OF PIEDMONT LAKE, OHIO
Neely, J. C., III, Case Western Reserve University, Intersession Project,
Biology 933, Jan. 1970. 6 pp. This is a college course report paper that
presents data on pH, Ca, Mg, Na, and K for grab samples collected at 19
discharge points from surface-mined areas that surround Piedmont Lake, Ohio.
R978
1971
M71-99 HISTOCHEMICAL AND CYTOPHOTOMETRIC ASSAY OF ACID STRESS IN FRESHWATER
FISH
Anthony, A., Cooper, E. L., Mitchell, R. B., Neff, W. H., and Therrien, C. D.,
The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Biology, Report to U.S. EPA,
Office of Research and Monitoring, Water Pollution Control Research Series
18050 DXJ 05/71 (May 1971). 113 pp. NTIS, PB-227 571. Longnose dace,
fathead minnows and brook trout were examined in field and laboratory studies
for changes in response to acid waters. The target organs, such as the gills,
spleen, kidney and liver, were examined for damages from short and prolonged
acid exposure. Sublethal levels of acidity were not found to be cumulative.
However, it was found that during breeding season when fish have increased
oxygen demands, the waters with a pH of 5.0 were hazardous. Streams used in
the field studies were Black Moshannon Creek in Centre and Clearfield Counties
and Upper Three Runs in Clearfield County. Both of these small tributaries of
the West Branch of the Susquehanna River are affected by acid mine drainage.
EPA, 71-113
M71-100 LIMESTONE NEUTRALIZATION OF DILUTE ACID WASTE WATERS
Deul, M. and Mihok, E. A. (to United States of America as represented by the
Secretary of the Interior), U.S. Pat. 3,617,560 (Nov. 2, 1971). 5 pp. Dilute
acid wastes, such as mine drainage, waters, are neutralized by reaction with an
extremely finely divided limestone slurry after which the neutralized effluent
is aerated to strip carbon dioxide and oxidize ferrous iron. After
clarification, the product stream is suitable for disposal in surface waters.
(Abstract of the disclosure) 71-112
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M71-101 BIOCHEMICAL FUNCTION OF EUGLENA MUTABILIS IN ACID MINE DRAINAGE
Lieb, J. A., West Virginia University, Ph.D. Thesis, 1971. 85 pp. University
Microfilms, 71-26,662. This dissertation reports on an investigation to
determine the role of Euglena mutabilis in iron oxidation in mine waters.
Included is a literature review, description of the experimental procedure,
and conclusions which indicate that Euglena mutabilis, as an obligate
photoautotroph utilizing light energy and producing oxygen, can be utilized to
reduce acidity and hasten ferric iron precipitation in mine drainage to
alleviate stream pollution. 628.2 L71, 71-111
M71-102 MUDDY RtW MINE DRAINAGE POLLUTION ABATEMENT PROJECT - OPERATION
SCARLIFT
Skelly and Loy, Engineers, Consultants, Report to Pennsylvania Department of
Environmental Resources, Dec. 1971, 239 PP-+ TM* report documents a study
of the Muddy Run watershed, a tributary of Clearfield Creek, and provides dat<,
concerning the extent and severity of mine drainage, a detailed inventory of
pollution sources, a determination of the impact of this pollution on
Clearfield Creek, recommendations for remedial measures for each pollution
source, estimates of the cost of pollution abatement, and recommends an
abatement plan for the watershed. Forty-one pollution sources are described
and 33 are recommended for abatement, with estimates given for construction
costs. The authors conclude that implementation of the abatement plan will
result in the return of the 37-square-mile Muddy Run watershed to normal vises
and in considerable improvement in water quality of a 36-alle reach of the
West Branch Susquehanna River which is downstream from its confluence with
Clearfield Creek. 628.2 P41S, 71-114
1972
M72-93 COSTS AND EFFECTS OF A WATER PROGRAM FOR A SMALL STRIPPING
COMPANY—SOUTHEASTERN OHIO
Dreese, C. R. (1) and Bryant, H. L, (2) 1(1) Wesc Virginia University and (2)
Xavier University], Water Resources Bulletin £ <2), 320-327 (April 1972). A
detailed analysis of the financial ability of a small coal company to carry
out various water pollution control programs showed that "the added costs
would seriously worsen its already precarious financial position." CE579
M72-94 RIFFLE ZOOBENTHOS IN STREAMS RECEIVING ACID MINE DRAINAGE
Koryak, M., Shapiro, M. A., And Sykora, J. L. (University of Pittsburgh,
Graduate School of Public Health), Water Research £ (10), 1239-1247 (1972).
Two tributaries of Turtle Creek, itself a tributary of the Monongahela River
In Pennsylvania, were qualitatively and quantitatively measured for
differences in biomass during the spring and summer of 1968 to compare the
physical, chemical, and biological conditions of an acid polluted stream with
an organically polluted streao. Haymaker Creek, the organically enriched
atream, is located downstream from a sewage treatment plant whereas the
headwaters of the acidic stream, Lyons Run, originated In the vicinity of an
abandoned strip mine. These two types of pollution had similar effects on the
-------
M72-94 (continued)
ecology and composition of benthic fauna, high numbers of individuals
comprised of a few species. Where the acid stream is being neutralized with
iron hydroxide deposition, species diversity slightly increases but the
biomass is very low. The number of insect groups present increases steadily
with progressive neutralization until species which indicate considerable
improvement in the water quality appear. The supply of desirable benthic fish
food is very high in the parts of the stream where low pH, high acidity, and
high ferrous iron concentrations prevent the survival of fish. However, in
less acidic zones, the deposition of ferric iron drastically diminishes the
total biomass of benthic organisms and severely limits fish populations.
CE299
M72-95 MANAGING SURFACE MINE WASTES AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON WATER QUALITY
McCarthy, R. E. (Washington Irrigation and Development Company), in
Proceedings, 27th Annual Meeting Soil Conservation Society of America,
Portland, Oregon, Aug. 6-9, 1972. pp 123-129. In clarifying turbid water
from the mining operation, suspended sediment is flocculated with a
polyelectrolyte. The suspension settles out in ponds and clear water
overflows into the receiving stream. R160a
M72~96 SIMULTANEOUS POLAROGRAPHIC DETERMINATION OF IRON (II) AND IRON (III)
IN COAL MINE WASTE WATER
Tackett, S. L. and Wieserman, L. F. (Indiana University of Pennsylvania),
Analytical Letters _5 (9), 643-651 (1972). The polarographic method, using a
sodium carbonate-oxalic acid supporting electrolyte, is described. The
average relative error was 2.2 percent for Fe(II) and 2.1 percent for Fe(III)
over a range of 10 to 500 ppm. In actual mine water samples taken near
Clymer, Pennsylvania, the Fe(II) content was highest where the mine water
emerged. As the water moved down stream from the source of pollution Fe(II)
decreased and Fe(III) concentration increased. This was accompanied by a
decrease in pH. Further down the stream when Fe(III) started to precipitate
its concentration steadily decreased. (Authors' abstract adapted) CE580
1973
M73-84 STRIP MINING AND WATER POLLUTION
Ahmad, M. U. (Ohio University, Athens, Ohio), Ground Water _U (5), 37-41
(Sept.-Oct. 1973). Discussion of paper and reply, A. F. Agnew, M. U. Ahmad,
Ground Water _1_2 (2), 110-111 (March-April 1974). This paper presents excerpts
from the author's 1973 testimony before several congressional committees on
the effects of surface mining. Also included is a Discussion of Papers which
takes the author to task for overstatements, broad generalizations, and
statements which are inaccurate, meaningless or erroneous, and the author's
reply to this critcism. R986
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M73-85 SOIL AS A MEDIUM FOR THE RENOVATION OF ACID MINE DRAINAGE
Ciolkosz, E. J., Kardos, L. T., and Beers, W. F., The Pennsylvania State
University, Institute for Research on Land and Water Resources, Research
Project Technical Completion Report, Project A-027-PA, Agreement
#14-31-0001-4038, for the U.S. Office of Water Resources Research, tec. 1973.
135 pp. NTIS, PB-228 868. Equilibration of soil material from three horizons
(Ap, B23 and Cl) at various ratios (1:1, 1:5 and 1:50) of soil to acid mine
drainage water (AKW) indicated that maximum effect on pH, total acidity,
conductivity, and iron content of the AMW occurred within five minutes and in
the narrowest soil: AMW ratio. Percolation of mine water, which had been
collected from the Proctor 2 source at the Pennsylvania State University mine
drainage treatment facility at Hollywood, Clearfield County, Pennsylvania,
through reconstructed 40-inch profiles of Rayne silt loam and Guernsey silty
clay loam at a loading rate of five inches at weekly intervals for 20 weeks
increased pH of the AMW from 2.6-2.8 to 4.0 with the Rayne soil and to 8.0
with the calcareous Guernsey soil. Iron was totally removed by both soils.
Al was decreased 50 percent by the Rayne soil. The Guernsey soil totally
removed Al, An, Cu, and Mn. Twenty one soil samples (horizons) from seven
Pennsylvania soils were equilibrated for 32 hours three times in succession, in.
a 1:5 soil: AMW ratio. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to
evaluate the effect of certain soil properties on the chemical quality of the
equilibrated acid mine water. Most of the variation of pH, total acidity, and
iron were accounted for by cation exchange capacity and CaCO, equivalent.
(From authors' abstract) CE3
M73-86 CHLORELLA VULGARIS GROWTH RESPONSE TO ACID MINE WATER STRESS UNDER
CONDITIONS OF CONSTANT AND REDUCED LIGHT
Pisapia, R., Kopyta, F., and Keller, E. C., Jr. {West Virginia University,
Department of Biology), West Virginia Academy of Science Proceedings, Biology
Section 45_ (2), 120-127 (1973). Axenic cultures of Chlorella vulgaris (Pratt
strain) were grown at ambient temperature using a modified Beijerinck's media
and four concentrations of acid mine water (0/32, 1/32, 2/32, 3/32) in a light
and a predominantly dark environment. Cell counts were made using an
electronic particle counter. From these data, four growth parameters were
estimated: the maximum specific growth rate; the maximum population growth
rate; the average time for the population to reach the maximum growth rate;
and the maximum number of cells obtained. The maximum specific growth rate
was shown to differ significantly between the effects of the light conditions
and the level of acid mine water (AMW) concentration. Most of the significant
variability among the four AMW concentrations for this parameter was
attributable to those cultures grown In continuous light. The difference
between the light and reduced light conditions had a significant effect on the
time measure of the lag phase of growth, For those cultures grown in the
reduced light environment, the different concentrations of AMW showed no
significant effect on the four growth parameters measured. (Authors'
abstract) CE581
-------
M73-87 PHYTOPLANKTON GENERIC DIVERSITY AND BIOMASS ESTIMATES OF A
MONONGAHELA RIVER ACID CONFLUENCE
Rankin, D. and Keller, E. C., Jr. (West Virginia University, Department of
Biology), Proceedings of the West Virginia Academy of Science 45^ (2), 169-177
(1973). Water samples were taken from the confluence of Robinson Run and the
Monongahela River in northern West Virginia in order to obtain information on
the effect of an acid stream on generic diversity. Samples at each station
were examined to determine generic diversity, biomass, density and
distribution of phytoplankton in relation to an acid stream. The parameters
pH, hot and cold acidity, dissolved oxygen, percent saturation of oxygen, and
water temperature were also measured with analyses of variance and correlation
performed on the data. The generic diversity and density were found to be
significantly decreased in the acid stream with Euglena being the only genus
found. Both diversity and density slowly increased down river with increasing
distance from the confluence. The highest generic diversities and densities
were found upriver from the confluence. Significant differences in the
chemical parameters of Robinson Run were also found. High acidity, as
measured by hot and cold acidity values, appeared to be a significant factor
in determining the diversity and density indices. (Authors' abstract) CE185
M73-88 USE OF OZONE FOR TREATMENT OF MINE DRAINAGE DISCHARGES
Swain, H. A., Jr. and Rozelle, R. B. (Wilkes College), First International
Symposium on Ozone for Water and Waste Water Treatment, Washington, D. C.,
Dec. 2-5, 1973. 13 pp. A brief description is provided of the research
activities at Wilkes College on the use of ozone as it affects manganese
removal from mine waters. From the research described, it appears that, after
the more easily oxidizable ferrous iron is removed, ozone will react with
manganese (II) to oxidize it to the +4 oxidation state in which it will
precipitate as the manganese (IV) oxide. CE160
1974
M74-90 ADDITIONAL OBSERVATIONS ON THE EFFECTS OF STRIP MINING ON
SMALL-STREAM FISHES IN EAST-CENTRAL KENTUCKY
Branson, B. A. and Batch, D. L. (Eastern Kentucky University, Department of
Biological Sciences), Transactions of the Kentucky Academy of Science 3£
(3-4), 81-83 (Dec. 1974). Observations from November 1971 through December
1972 show that continued siltatlon from surface mining operations in two
tributaries to the North Fork of the Kentucky River has prevented recovery of
fish populations in those streams. All species reported from Leatherwood
Creek in 1972 have been forced downstream, and six of those species are now
absent from that stream. Two other species are now missing from both streams.
Populations of Semotilus atromaculatuB apparently are on the increase, perhaps
because of removal of Competing species. (Authors' abstract adapted) CE117
M74-91 A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CHEMICAL LOADINGS OF ACID AND NON-ACID
TRIBUTARIES OF CHEAT LAKE, WEST VIRGINIA
Edens, D. (West Virginia University, Department of Biology), West Virginia
9
-------
M74-91 (continued)
Academy of Science Proceedings _4£ (1), 45-52 (1974). Three acid streams,
Canyon Run, Sunnyside Run, and Tower Run, and five non-acid streams, Maple
Run, Morgan Run, Cole's Run, Quarry Run, and Rubles Run, were sampled monthly
from June 1973 through January 1974. Values were obtained for pH,
conductivity, discharge, silicate, sulfate, total iron, total acidity,
orthophosphate, total phosphate, nitrate-nitrogen, and for K, Ma, Ca, Mg, Zn,
Cu, and Mn. Loadings were calculated from concentration and discharge
measurements. The acid streams of this study can be distinguished from the
non-acid streams on the basis of all parameters studied, except nitrate-
nitrogen concentration and loading, silicate loading, and potassium
concentration. Maple Run and Quarry Run can be distinguished from the other
non-acid streams when concentrations and loadings of selected ions are based
upon drainage area. This difference is not apparent when considering
concentrations and loadings alone. (Adapted from author's abstract) CE37
M74-92 HYDROLOGY OF THE ABANDONED COAL MINES IN THE WYOMING VALLEY,
PENNSYLVANIA
Hollowell, J. R., U.S. Geological Survey, Open-File Report, OFR 74-237 (1974).
47 pp.+ maps This paper reports on a study to determine what modifications
of the underground flow system would provide a better quality of mine-water
discharge from the mine pools in the Wyoming Valley mine field without causing
ground-water flooding or mine subsidence. Maps showing the existing mines,
tunnels and discharges are included. Discharge chemical analysis includes
trace elements. Recommendations are presented for creating discharge points
that would overflow during periods of heavy precipitation. US Ceol, CE91
M74-93 POTENTIAL OF MINE AND MILL SPOILS FOR WATER QUALITY DEGRADATION
McWhorter, D. B., Skogerboe, R. K., and Skogerboe, G. V. (Colorado State
University), in Water Resources Problems Related to Mining, American Water
Resources Association, Proceedings No. 18 (June 1974). pp 123-137. An
investigation into the pollution potential and current water quality
degradation attributable to mine and mill spoils was conducted in Colorado at
the Edna coal mine and at a tailings pond from the production of lead, copper,
and zinc. The chemical characteristics of the spoils were determined and
correlated with the chemical makeup of water which has passed through and over
the spoils. Monthly in-stream water quality measurements were made upstream
and downstream of the spoils to determine the degree of water quality
degradation. Soluble salts, principally calcium, magnesium, sodium, and
sulfate, were found to be the major contaminants at both locations. (Authors'
abstract adapted) 628.2 H13, CE25
M74-94 NORTHWEST ALLEGANY COUNTY AND LOWER GEORGES CREEK COMPLEX, ALLEGANY
AND GARRETT COUNTIES, MARYLAND: MINE DRAINAGE ABATEMENT
INVESTIGATIONS
Green Associates, Inc. and Gannett Fleming Corddry and Carpenter, Inc., Report
to Maryland Department of Natural Resources, Nov. 1972. Submitted Dec. 31,
1974. (179 pp.+ 11 plates). Within the 108 square-mile area studied, 360
10
-------
H74-94 (continued)
mine discharges were identified, 203 of which were considered to be of a
pollutional nature. Eleven coal seams in the complex were mined by
underground and/or surface mining methods. Three general abatement plans,
involving both preventative measures and mine drainage treatment and ranging
in cost from $12-28 million are presented. In addition, specific remedial
measures and costs are given for each discharge point. 628.2 G79, CE162
M74-95 CHEMICAL KINETICS OF NEUTRALIZATION OF ACIDIC WATER BY CRUSHED
LIMESTONE
Pearson, F. H. and McDonnell, A. J. (The Pennsylvania State University,
Institute for Research on Land and Water Resources), in Mater Resources
Problems Related to Mining, American Water Resources Association, Proceedings
No. 18 (June 1974). pp 85-98. To provide for the rational design of
limestone neutralization processes, the kinetics of the chemical reactions
involved were evaluated by experiment, and an analysis made of the chemical
and physical boundary conditions that control the extent to which the
reactions are completed* The rate limiting reactions are the attack of
limestone by hydrogen ions, and the exsolution of carbon dioxide which is
thereby generated; the latter reaction has an increasing effect on process
efficiency above pH 5. Rate constants for the limiting reactions were
evaluated each as a function of temperature, ionic strength, water turbulence,
and for the first reaction bicarbonate ion concentration, which catalyzes the
attack of limestone by hydrogen ions. A mathematical model of limestone
neutralization processes reproduced experimental data. (From authors'
abstract) 628.2 H13, CE23
1975
M75-47 GEOCHEMICAL AND SED1MENTOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF TYGART LAKE, WEST
VIRGINIA
Collin, M. L., West Virginia University, Water Research Institute, Information
Report 7, WRI-WVU-75-02, West Virginia University Bulletin, Series 76, No. 3-3
(Sept. 1975). 41 pp. The water of the reservoir was found to be acid with
low turbidity and low total solids. The bottom sediment contained 4.1 to 18.3
percent clay. For loss on ignition, cation exchange capacity, clay content,
and for the cations nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium, iron, and magnesium,
decrease in percentages and in absolute amounts were detected laterally from
the dam toward the Tygart Valley River inlet, and increase was observed with
depth in the sediment profile. For silicon, aluminum, and potassium cations,
the patterns were reversed. Kaolinite, illite, venniculite, and minor amounts
of montmorillonite were present. (Adapted from author's abstract) CE41
M75-48 BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL CATALYSIS OF FERROUS IRON OXIDATION IN ACID
MINE DRAINAGE
Curran, L. M. (1) and Svanka, K. (2) [(1) Battelle Columbus Laboratories and
(2) The Ohio State University, Chemical Engineering Department], in
Proceedings of the 3rd National Conference on Energy and the Environment,
11
-------
M75-48 (continued)
Hueston Woods State Park, Ohio, Sept. 29-Oct. 1, 1975. pp 70-74. For pH
values greater than 4.0, the oxidation rate constants of the chemical reaction
system and the biological reaction system were related exponentially to pH.
Below pH 4.0, the biological reaction system was found to be independent of
pH. During the recycle operation, it was determined that the percent of
conversion of ferrous iron increased as the quantity of ferric iron in
suspension increased. (From authors' Conclusions) CE249
M75-49 COMPLIANCE WITH NPDES GUIDELINES IN THE COAL INDUSTRY
Drevna, C. T., Advances in Instrumentation 30 (2), 1-2 (1975). The best
practicable technology currently available 7BPTCA) mandated by the Federal
Water Pollution Act of 1972 for acid mine drainage is hydrated lime treatment.
A step-by-step description of the process and its safety measures are given.
The resultant discharge from the carefully monitored treatment should be in
compliance with the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES)
guidelines. CE226
M75-50 BACTERIAL ECOLOGY OF STRIP MINE AREAS AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO THE
PRODUCTION OF ACIDIC MINE DRAINAGE
Dugan, P. R. (The Ohio State University, Department of Microbiology), Ohio
Journal of Science 75 (6), 266-279 (1975). The activity of acidophilic
bacteria as agents Involved in the production of sulfuric acid from iron
pyrite (FeS.) found in association with coal mine refuse or spoils was
reviewed. Data was presented which demonstrated the inhibitory effect of
anionic detergents and certain organic acids on the growth and metabolism of
the acidophilic thiobacilli. The influence of acidic mine drainage on the
microflora of non-acid polluted streams was considered. Also discussed were
the heterotrophic microbes which are indigenous to acid (pH 3.0) streams and
acid coal refuse, with a section devoted to the potential for sulfate reducing
bacteria as agents for removal of sulfuric acid from the streams. (Author's
abstract) R874
M75-51 BACTERIAL ECOLOGY OF STRIP MINE AREAS AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO THE
PRODUCTION OF ACIDIC MINE DRAINAGE
Dugan, P. R. (The Ohio State University, Department of Microbiology), Ohio
Journal of Science 7_5 (6), 266-274 (Nov. 1975). The activity of acidophilic
bacteria as agents involved in the production of sulfuric acid from iron
pyrite (FeS2) found in association with coal mine refuse or spoils was
reviewed. Data was presented which demonstrated the inhibitory effect of
anionic detergents and certain organic acids on the growth and metabolism of
the acidophilic thiobacilli. The influence of acidic mine drainage on the
microflora of non-acid polluted streams was considered. Also discussed were
the heterotrophic microbes which are indigenous to acid (pH 3.0) streams and
acid coal refuse, with a section devoted to the potential for sulfate reducing
bacteria as agents for removal of sulfuric acid from the streams. (Author's
abstract) R874
12
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M75-52 GEOCHEMISTRY OF BRINES IN THE COAL MEASURES OF NORTHEAST ENGLAND
Edmunds, W. M. (Institute of Geological Sciences, Hydrogeological Department,
London), Institution of Mining and Metallurgy Transactions, Section B 84,
B39-B52 (May 1975). Chemical analyses were made of a number of samples of
mine waters from throughout the Coal Measures. The majority of brines in
Northumberland and Durham comprise calcium chloride brines, characterized by
high bromide, but with K, Mg, and Na much lower than in sea water. A smaller
group of brines, found mainly in the southeast of the coal field, have higher
K and lower bromide compared with the main group and are considered to be
derived, in part, from the Permian, The relationship between barium brines
(up to 4180 mg/1 Ba) and sulfate brines indicates that barite deposition and
solution may have occurred in cycles. (From author's Synopsis) CE10
M75-53 ACIDIC AND FERRUGINOUS MINE DRAINAGES
Glover, H. G. (National Coal Board, U.K.), in "The Ecology of Resource
Degradation and Renewal," The 15th Symposium of The British Ecological
Society, July 10-12, 1973, M. J. Chadwick and G. T. Goodman, Eds., Oxf o-rd:
Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1975. pp 173-195. The origin and
potentially polluting effects of acidic and ferruginous drainages from coal
mines, spoil heaps and coal stock-piles are described. Procedures available
for the control of contamination at the source and for the treatment of these
drainages are reviewed. (Author's Summary) 631 C43
M75-54 GROUND-WATER RESOURCES OF LACKAWANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA
Hollowell, J. R. and Koester, H. E., Pennsylvania Geological Survey, Water
Resource Report 41 (1975). 106 pp.+ This study was made to provide
information on the availability, distribution, quality, and use of water for
the orderly development of water resources to meet increasing needs for water
due mainly to population shifts from urban to suburban and rural parts of the
county. The county includes a large extent of the Northern Anthracite Coal
Field, and the report also describes the distribution and movement of water in
underground mines and also the effect mine-water discharge has upon the
Lackawanna River. Tabulated results of water quality analyses include values
for a number of trace elements in mine waters. (Adapted from authors'
Introduction) 628.2 P34 W41, CE2
K75-55 FOOD HABITS OF ICTALURUS NUBULOSUS IN ACID POLLUTED WATER OF NORTHERN
WEST VIRGINIA
Klarberg, D. P. and Benson, A. (West Virginia University, Department of
Biology), Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 104 (3), 541-547
(1975). An investigation of the quantity, quality, and preference of food
consumed by the brown bullhead in a 3. 5 kilometer section of the Monongahela
River at Morgantown and in the unpolluted Doe Pond, part of the Tygart River
Reservoir, near Grafton, West Virginia, was conducted from June to September
1968. Through stomach analyses the average volume of food per fish by
station, month collected, and size were classified as animal, plant, detritus,
or sewage material' Animal and plant material were keyed to the taxa of
family. In non-acid water, the fish consumed the preferred aquatic insect
13
-------
M75-55 (continued)
larvae of chironomids, whereas in acid stressed waters, the brown bullhead
consumed more oligochaetes than chironomids because of their greater
abundance• CE6
M75-56 NEW MEDIUM FOR ISOLATING IRON-OXIDIZING AND HETEROTROPHIC ACIDOPHILIC
BACTERIA FROM ACID MINE DRAINAGE
Manning, H. L. (U.S. EPA, Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory,
Cincinnati, Ohio), Applied Microbiology _30 (6), 1010-1016 (Dec. 1975). The
advantages of the new solid medium iron-salts-purified (ISP), are that it is
more easily prepared, promotes faster growth of colony types, and allows for
better differentiation of iron-oxidizing bacteria than previously developed
media. Five acid mine drainage samples, each from a different state, were
studied and revealed smooth, smooth with secondary growth sectors, star
shaped, radiating lobe and flat-rough colony types on the ISP medium. CE35
M75-57 WATER POLLUTION FROM NONPOINT SOURCES
McElroy, A. D., Chiu, S. Y., Nebgen, J. W., Aleti, A., and Vandegrift, A. E.
(Midwest Research Institute), Water Research £ (7), 675-681 (1975). Drainage
from both surface and deep mines is one of the pollution sources discussed in
this paper. CE560
M75-58 EVALUATION OF HEAVY METALS MOBILIZATION WITHIN COAL CONTOUR MINING
SPOIL BANKS
Minear, R. A., Tschantz, B. A., Turnmire, J. B., and Rose, R. R. (University
of Tennessee, Department of Civil Engineering), American Chemical Society,
Division of Environmental Chemistry Preprints _15_ (1), 170-173 (1975). The
continuing project is briefly discussed, no results are given. ACS 51E,
CE855c
M75-59 NONAUTOTROPHIC THIOBACILLUS IN ACID MINE WATER
Myers, P. S. and Millar, W. N. (West Virginia University, Division of Plant
Sciences), Applied Microbiology 30 (5), 884-886 (Nov. 1975). Also published
as West Virginia University Experiment Station Scientific Paper No. 1324.
This paper describes the investigation of two Thiobacillus ieolates from acid
mine water and the characteristics which indicate that they are strains of
Thiobacillus perometabolis. CE576
M75-60 A COMPARISON OF BENTHIC OLIGOCHAETE POPULATIONS IN ACID AND NEUTRAL
LENTIC ENVIRONMENTS IN SOUTHEASTERN OHIO
Orciari, R. D. and Hummon, W. D. (Ohio University, Department of Zoology and
Microbiology), Ohio J. Science 75 (1), 44-49 (Jan. 1975). At monthly
Intervals during the summer of T571, faunal, water, and sedimentary samples
were collected from comparable coves in Lake Hope, Vinton County, an acid-
polluted Impoundment, and in Dow Lake, Athens County, a nonpolluted
impoundment. The H' species diversity in samples from Lake Hope was
14
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M75-60 (continued)
significantly lower than in those from Dow Lake, although the abundance of
individuals in the two sampling areas was similar. Results of a similarity
analysis based on shared species diversity indicated that S ' values were
nearly as great among Lake Hope samples as among Dow Lake samples, but that
both differed significantly from values between samples from the two lakes*
(Adapted from authors' abstract) CE555
M75-61 INFLUENCE OF SPOIL MATERIAL ON GROUND WATER QUALITY
Pagenkopf, G. K. (1), Whitworth, C. (1), and VanVoast, W. (2) [(1) Montana
State University and (2) Montana Bureau of Mines], American Chemical Society,
Division of Environmental Chemistry Preprints J_5_ (1), 162-163 (1975). The
problem of toxic elements leaching from spoil in the presence of ground water
was investigated in the laboratory using samples of water and spoil from the
Decker Coal Company Mine, Decker, Montana, and the Western Energy Coal Mine,
Colstrip, Montana. Significant amounts of sodium, potassium, calcium,
magnesium, bicarbonate, and especially sulfate were analyzed in the leachate.
ACS 51E, CE855
M75-62 LIMESTONE BARRIERS TO NEUTRALIZE ACIDIC STREAMS
Pearson, F. H. and McDonnell, A. J. (The Pennsylvania State University,
Institute for Research on Land and Water Resources), J. Environmental
Engineering Division, ASCE 101 (EE3), 425-440 (June 1975). Proceedings Paper
11382. Water samples were taken for analysis and measurements were made to
determine the effect of each installation on water quality at four prototype
limestone barriers that had been constructed to neutralize acidic streams.
The pH of stream water was increased by up to 3 pH units at low streamflow, to
pH 7 or above. This demonstrates that limestone barriers are capable of
renovating acidic streams to the point that normal aquatic life can be
restored, rendering the stream water suitable for a number of uses that are
otherwise precluded. A mathematical model of limestone barriers was
constructed, based on hydraulic laws and on the chemical kinetics of the rate
limiting reactions between crushed limestone and acidic water. Model
predictions matched the observed performance of the barriers. A procedure was
developed to determine the design of a barrier of crushed limestone to
neutralize a given streamflow. (Authors' abstract) CE8
M75-63 USE OF CRUSHED LIMESTONE TO NEUTRALIZE ACID WASTES
Pearson, F. H. and McDonnell, A. J. (The Pennsylvania State University,
Institute for Research on Land and Water Resources), J. Environmental
Engineering Division, ASCE 101 (EE1), 139-158 (Feb. 1975). Proceedings Paper
11131. To provide for the rational design of limestone neutralization
processes, the kinetics of the chemical reactions involved were evaluated by
experiment, and an analysis made of the chemical and physical boundary
conditions that control the extent to which the reactions are completed. The
rate limiting reactions are the attack of limestone by hydrogen ions, and the
exsolution of carbon dioxide which is thereby generated; the latter reaction
has an increasing effect on process efficiency above pH 5. Rate constants for
15
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M75-63 (continued)
the limiting reactions were evaluated each as a function of temperature, ionic
strength, water turbulence, and for the first reaction bicarbonate ion
concentration, which catalyzes the attack of limestone by hydrogen ions. A
mathematical model of limestone neutralization processes was simplified to
obtain a graphical procedure for the process design for neutralization. These
graphs indicate the quantity of crushed limestone of given size that is
required to neutralize a specified flow of acid waste from the initial pH to
the required final pH. (Authors' abstract) CE9
M75-64 PICKLING LIQUORS, STRIP MINES, AND GROUND^WATER POLLUTION
Pettyjohn, W. A. (The Ohio State University, Department of Geology and
Mineralogy), Ground Water J^3 (1), 4-10 (Jan./Feb. 1975). The author describes
the problems resulting from the use of an abandoned surface-mine area in
northeastern Ohio as a dump for neutralized spent pickling liquors. Analyses
of samples taken at 23 sites show the effect of the dumped materials on
streams, seeps, and ground water in the area. CE270
M75-65 GROUND WATER IN COAL STRIP-MINE SPOILS, POWDER RIVER BASIN
Rahn, P. H. (South Dakota School of Mines and Technology), in Proceedings of
the Fort Union Coal Field Symposium, Vol. 3, Reclamation Section, Eastern
Montana College, Billings, Montana, by Montana Academy of Sciences, April 25,
26, 1975, W. F. Clark, Ed., 1975. pp 348-361. Available Eastern Montana
College Bookstore, Billings, Montana 59101. $8.75 - 5 Vol. set. Preliminary
results of a two year research program to study the hydrogeology of coal mine
spoil piles are presented. It was observed that spoil permeability is low
where the overburden was shale with sandstone, and high where the overburden
was mostly alluvium. Permeability also depended on the mechanical equipment
used to remove and transport the overburden. The spoil removed by dozer
scrapers became more compacted, and therefore less permeable than that moved
by dragline excavations. Twenty-one water samples collected from local
shallow ground water and from old spoils areas were analyzed for chemical
constituents. All samples had greater than 250 ppm aulfate and were also high
in calcium, magnesium and total dissolved solids. In addition, it appears
that following abandonment aquifers will form as spoils become more saturated.
(Adapted from author's Summary) 631 M79, R770
M75-66 LIMNOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF STRIP MINE PONDS IN NORTHWESTERN
COLORADO, U.S.A.
Reed, E. B., Verh. Internet. Verein. Limnol. 1£ (2), 856-865 (1975). This
report compares Salamander and Camilletti Ponds, both formed from strip-mine
operations in Routt County, Colorado. The biological, physical, chemical, and
seasonal properties are discussed and the major components of the food web
within each system are identified. CamlUettl Pond is shown to be able to
support trout. CE228
16
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M75-67 SOME GEOCHEMICAL CONSIDERATIONS OF COAL
Renton, J. J. and Hidalgo, R. V., West Virginia Geological and Economic
Survey, Coal-Geology Bulletin No. 4 (Aug. 1975). 38 pp.+ The report includes
a discussion of the acid producing potential of coal. The results of a study
of 26 samples of coal show that the best indicators of acid formation are
amounts of sulfate and of total iron in coal leachate. However, it was
emphasized that there was no direct correlation between the amount of pyrite
in coal and acid production. Rather, amorphous and fine-grained pyrite
produces acid very rapidly in comparison with coarse-grained crystalline
pyrite. WVa, CE630
M75-68 SOME ASPECTS OF WATER QUALITY AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO HYDROLOGY IN
SMALL COAL MINED DRAINAGE BASINS IN THE CUMBERLAND MOUNTAINS
Rose, R. R. and Minear, R. A. (University of Tennessee, Department of Civil
Engineering), American Chemical Society, Division of Environmental
Chemistry Preprints _1_5 (1), 168-169 (1975). The results of a study of
biweekly-samples taken from nineteen stream sites in the New River basin,
Tennessee indicate that water quality is affected by mining, related to stream
flow, and that certain water quality parameters can be more affected by
ground water movement than by surface run-off. (Adapted from text) ACS 51E,
CE855b
M75-69 IMPACT OF ACID MINE DRAINAGE ON RECREATIONAL AREA IN SOUTHERN OHIO
Smith, M. J., Haile, D. M., Huntsman, B. E., Warner, B. J., Solch, J. G., and
Boiler, J. E., Anerican Chemical Society, Division of Environmental Chemistry
Preprints 1_5 (1), 164-167 (1975). Eleven wells located adjacent to
streamsites of Lake Hope State Park, Ohio, which receives mine discharge from
Sandy Run were monitored twice weekly to assess rapid qualitative and
quantitative changes in water. An accurate water budget was established for
the area, and stream and lake discharge rates were determined. Water samples
were analyzed for 17 separate chemical parameters. No serious water chemistry
problem was found, but the data collected from the extensive monitoring will
serve as baseline information for the prevention of future problems. ACS 51E,
CE855a
M75-70 HYDROLOGIC IMPACTS OF COAL MINE EFFLUENTS AND SPOIL LEACHATES
Van Voast, W. A. (1), Hedges, R. B. (1), and Pagenkopf, G. K. (2) [(1) Montana
Bureau of Mines and Geology and (2) Montana State University], in Proceedings
of the Fort Union Coal Field Symposium, Vol. 3, Reclamation Section, Eastern
Montana College, Billings, Montana, by Montana Academy of Sciences, April 25,
26, 1975, W. F. Clark, Ed., 1975. pp 289-303. Available Eastern Montana
College Bookstore, Billings, Montana 59101. $8.75 - 5 Vol. set. Objectives
of this report are to describe the current status of research in water-quality
effects of mining, to add perspective to current knowledge, and to define the
directions of the research program. Research has thus far established that
the main hydrologlc effects of strip mining of coal will be changes in ground-
water flow patterns during mining, and changes in ground-water quality after
mining is completed. Alterations of flow patterns during the mining
17
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M75-70 (continued)
operations will occur locally in aquifers peripheral to the mines.
Alterations of ground-water quality will occur within and downgradient from
mined and reclaimed areas. (From authors' Introduction) 631 M79, R763
M75-71 HYDROGEOLOGIC ASPECTS OF EXISTING AND PROPOSED STRIP COAL MINES NEAR
DECKER, SOUTHEASTERN MONTANA
Van Voast, W. A. and Hedges, R. B., Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology,
Bulletin 97 (Dec. 1975). 31 pp>+ Coal beds near Decker are important sources
of ground water for stock and domestic wells. Tabulated data of the report
include basic information on water wells, water level changes In wells, and
results of analyses of well, mine, and spoil waters. Water levels in
observation wells have declined more than 10 feet within 1 and 1/2 miles west
of an active mine. Water-level declines east of the mine have been restricted
because of recharge induced from the Tongue River Reservoir. Effluent from
the active mine is a mixture of local ground waters. Dissolved-solids
concentrations in the effluent have decreased from about 2,000 mg/1 in early
1972 to about 1,400 mg/1 in early 1975, and sodium-adsorption-ratio values
have decreased from about 20 to 10, resulting in the water being usable for
irrigation of mine spoils. Predictions are made for the effects on ground
water flow and quality of the development of two additional mines In the area.
After mining, It is predicted that water levels in affected wells will rise
toward premining levels, that ground water flow patterns toward the reservoir
will resume, flow rates through the mined areas would not exceed about 3.6
cfs, and average dissolved-solids concentration would be about 2,250 mg/1.
(Authors' abstract adapted) 75-47, CE1
M75-72 METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR REMOVING CONCENTRATED SOLUTIONS OF
IONISABLE COMPOUNDS FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS THEREOF
Wallace, R. A. P., Brit. Pat. 1,410,188 (Oct. 15, 1975). 22 pp. The solution
to be desalted flows through an apparatus with semipermlable membranes. Upon
application of electric current, ions pass from the water being treated
through the membranes and are concentrated in a polymerized silica gel. An
experiment run with acid mine drainage is given as one of the examples of the
use of the process. Brit Pat, CE98
M75-73 DESIGN OF A SYSTEM FOR MONITORING HYDROLOGIC EFFECTS OF A PROPOSED
COAL SURFACE MINE IN SOUTHWEST NORTH DAKOTA
Wright, A. P. (Woodward-Clyde Consultants), AIME-SME Fall Meeting, Salt Lake
City, Utah, Sept. 10-12, 1975. 18 pp. Preprint No. 75-F-339. The four major
considerations on which the hydrologic monitoring program was designed include
the existing hydrologic conditions in the area, the relevant legal criteria,
the proposed mining and reclamation plans and methods, and estimates of
generalized potential impacts of mining. General information concerning each
consideration is given. Surface-water and ground-water flow were monitored
and the rationale for selecting sites and designing monitoring stations is
presented. AIME, CE76
18
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M75-74 OXIDATION OF FERROUS IONS IN MINE DRAINAGE BY IRON-OXIDIZING BACTERIA
Yabuuchi, &- (1), Imanaga, Y. (2), and Fukuda, K. (1) [(1) Dowa Mining Co.,
Ltd., Japan, Yanahara Mine and (2) Tohoku Regional Construction Bureau,
Japan], The 90th Anniversary and Symposium of The Mining and Metallurgical
Institute of Japan, Nov. 23, 1975. Print No. A-7. 3 pp. It is claimed that
a commercial oxidizing process, utilizing iron-oxidizing bacteria, has been
successfully developed for treating mine drainage. Little descriptive
information and data are given concerning the design of the process or the
experimentation that led to its development. CE19
1976
M76-25 COAL PILE LEACHATE—QUANTITY AND QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS
Anderson, W. C. and Youngstrom, M. P., American Society of Civil Engineers -
Environmental Engineering Journal 102 (EE6), 1239-1253 (Dec. 1976).
Discussion by McFall, R. L., ASCE - Environmental Engineering Journal 103
(EE4), 760 (Aug. 1977). Leachate from coal storage piles at Cornell
University was monitored to provide information for design of a treatment
plant. pH, ferrous iron, total iron, acidity, total dissolved solids, copper,
manganese, chromium, and zinc were determined on samples collected both during
and after rainfall at the weir used to measure leachate flow. Techniques of
collecting and preserving samples, and methods of analysis are described.
Data show that the quality and quantity of coal pile leachate depend on the
site and precipitation, and that minerals dissolved within the coal pile by
retained moisture are flushed out by precipitation. Data were used to develop
a method of defining the quality and quantity of leachate from a proposed coal
pile after any given conditions of precipitation. McFall criticizes the lack
of data on leachate resulting from snowfall and the omission of the chemical
analysis of the coal used in the study. CE254
M76-26 DETECTION OF THIOBACILLUS FERRPOXIDANS IN ACID MINE ENVIRONMENTS BY
INDIRECT FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY STAINING
Apel, W. A., Dugan, P. R., Fllppi, J. A., and Rheins, M. S. (The Ohio State
University, Department of Microbiology), Applied and Environmental
Microbiology 21 (Di 159-165 (July 1976). The specificity of the indirect
fluorescent antibody (FA) stain for T_. ferrooxidans was demonstrated with both
laboratory and environmental samples. Coal refuse examined by scanning
electron microscopy exhibited a rough, porous surface, which was
characteristically covered by water-soluble crystals. Significant numbers of
•j. ferrooxldanfl were detected on the exterior refuse surface by FA staining,
whereas none were detected in the refuse pores. A positive correlation
between numbers of J. ferrooxidans and acid production in coal refuse in the
laboratory was demonstrated with the FA technique. (From authors' abstract)
CE176
M76-27 AUTOMATIC SYSTEM NEUTRALIZES ACID WATER
Coal Age 6_1_ (2), 141 (Feb. 1976). The system, built by Mine Safety Appliances
Co., Pittsburgh, is controlled by a pH probe. Acid mine water is mixed with
19
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M76-27 (continued)
slaked lime in a flash mixer, transferred to a second reactor where the iron
content is oxidized, then discharged to the settling pond. The lime storage
and delivery components are sealed to minimize leakage of lime float dust.
CE668
M76-28 PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS ON RESEARCH INTO THE DEVELOPMENT OF
MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS FOR IDENTIFYING THE SOURCES OF WATER
ENCOUNTERED IN BRITISH COAL MINES
BarneB, T. G., and Chamberlain, E. A. C. (National Coal Board, Great Britain)
Symposium on Environmental Problems Resulting from Coal Mining Activities,
Katowice, Poland, Oct. 18-22, 1976. 16 pp. For the purposes of this
investigation, the underground waters encountered in coal mines have been
classified as follows: water originating from the water bearing rock strata;
water from old mineworkings; and surface water, that is, water entering a coaj.
mine from the surface whether it is through a fault or whether it is pumped
from the surface for use in mining activities. Isolations of chemo-
heterotrophic bacteria, chemo-autotrophic Thiobacilli, sulphate-reducing
bacteria, anaerobic spore-forming bacteria, iron bacteria, actinomycetes and
fungi have been attempted from all three types of water. The results obtained
from the samples of water so far examined indicate that strata waters are
sterile; waters from old mineworkings are characterised by sulphate-reducing
bacteria, some species of autotrophic Thiobacilli, anaerobic spore-forming
bacteria and small numbers (if any) of chemoheterotrophic bacteria. Surface
waters, however, have an abundant and varied microflora therefore enabling a
distinction to be made between the three types of water. (From authors'
Summary) CE173
M76-29 KINETICS OF LIMESTONE NEUTRALIZATION OF ACID WATERS
Barton, P., and Vatanatham, T. (The Pennsylvania State University),
Environmental Science & Technology 10 (3), 262-266 (March 1976). The authors
conclude that this laboratory work "Has shown that the reaction of sulfuric
acid with limestone is controlled by hydrogen diffusion in the pH range of
2.5-6. One explanation given is that the hydrogen ion, despite its small
size, is the only species that diffuses toward the solid surface, while other
iona such as calcium, carbonate, and bicarbonate are all diffusing out. They
also note that the apparent rate constant increases from the start to the end
of the reaction, indicating that the accumulation of calcium ions is not
strongly hindering the diffusion of the hydrogen ions, and that additional
modeling work is needed to describe how the presence of iron and aluminum ions
slows down the reaction. Jour, CE108
M76-30 STATE ACID-MINE DRAINAGE LAWS: A COMPARISON
Bascle, B. J. and Agnew, A- F., Library of Congress, Congressional Research
Service, 76-257S (Dec. 7, 1976). 67 pp. States regulate acid drainage from
coal and metal mines either through general water-pollution laws or through
mine-reclamation and water-pollution control laws that specifically refer to
mine drainage. These laws are summarized for all states except the following
20
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M76-30 (continued)
which do not have active coal- or metal-mining operations: Connecticut,
Delaware, Hawaii, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Nebraska, New Hampshire, Rhode
Island, South Carolina, and Vermont. CE161
M76-31 INVESTIGATION OF ACID MINE DRAINAGE EFFECTS ON RESERVOIR FISHERY
POPULATIONS
Benson, A., West Virginia University, Report to U.S. EPA, Industrial
Environmental Research Laboratory, Cincinnati, Ohio, EPA-600/2-76-107 (April
1976). 135 pp. NTIS, PB-252 703. Reissue of a report to U.S. Bureau of
Sport Fisheries and Wildlife. See Coal and the Environment Abstract Series:
Mine Drainage Bibliography 1910-1976, MD73-9. 73-77
M76-32 COAL AND COAL MINE DRAINAGE (LITERATURE REVIEW)
Boyer, J. F. and Gleason, V. E. (Bituminous Coal Research, Inc.), J. Water
Pollution Control Federation 4£ (6), 1284-1287 (1976). Thirty articles-
published in 1975 are included In this annual literature review. Subjects
covered include underground mining, surface mining, and mine drainage
treatment. Jour, CE67
M76-33 EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE AND FERRIC HYDROXIDE ON THE EMBRYONIC AND
PROTEIN DEVELOPMENT OF THE COHO SALMON, ONCORHYNCHUS KISUTCH
Brenner, F. J., Cooper, W. L., and MacHose, C. L. (Grove City College),
Proceedings of the Pennsylvania Academy of Science 50, 165-169 (1976).
Laboratory studies were carried out at 10 C and at T6~ C without ferric
hydroxide and in the presence of 3 ppm ferric hydroxide. While both
temperature and ferric hydroxide affected protein patterns and rate of
development of the embryos, the higher incubation temperature resulted in
increased embryonic mortality but ferric hydroxide had no such apparent
effect. CE578
M76-34 EFFECT OF FERRIC HYDROXIDE SUSPENSION ON BLOOD CHEMISTRY IN THE
COMMON SHINER, NOTROPUS CORNUTUS
Brenner, F. J., Corbett, S., and Shertzer, R. (Grove City College),
Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 105 (3), 450-455 (May 1976).
Common shiners, Notropus cornutus, were exposed to 3 ppm ferric hydroxide for
periods from two to eight weeks. Ferric hyroxide resulted in initial changes
in serum protein, glucose, Na and K ions, but these changes did not adversely
affect the internal dynamics of the fish. (Authors' abstract) CE573
M76-35 FACTORS AFFECTING WATER QUALITY FROM STRIP-WINED SITES
Connell, J. F., Contractor, D. N., and Shanholtz, V. 0., Virginia Polytechnic
Institute and State University, Water Resources Research Center, Bulletin 87
(March 1976). 75 pp. Data acquired before and during mining on
precipitation, stream flow, and water quality were analyzed to derive linear
relationship between a water-quality parameter and such variables as
21
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M76-35 (continued)
temperature, current and antecedent precipitation, and the extent of the area
disturbed by mining. Mathematical formulae representing sulfate and calciun
concentration, alkalinity, turbidity, conductance, and discharge were used and
a correlation analysis was also made among them. A formula for each water-
quality parameter was derived for each of three different conditions: (1)
before mining; (2) during mining for the disturbed area alone; and (3) during
mining for the entire watershed. The findings provide data that can be used
for predicting site specific water-quality impacts from strip-uiining
operations. CE675
M76-36 FUNGI IN AND NEAR STREAMS CARRYING ACID MINE-DRAINAGE
Cooke, W. B., Ohio Journal of Science 7£ (5), 231-240 (1976). In 1964 and
1965, the author sampled a number of sites in Ohio and West Virginia for
in mine-drainage streams. The results, reported in 1966', gave total numbers
of fungi found at various habitats, sampling locations, or dates. This
article adds to the information given previously, and tabulates the species
found during the study. CE552
M76-37 DEBRIS BASINS FOR CONTROL OF SURFACE MINE SEDIMENTATION
L. Robert Kimball, Consulting Engineers, Report to Kentucky Department for
Natural Resources and Conservation and U.S. EPA, Industrial Environmental
Research Laboratory, Cincinnati, Ohio, Environmental Protection Technology
Series EPA-600/2-76-108 (June 1976). 48 pp. Dicks Fork and Rhoades Branch
watersheds in hilly eastern Kentucky were shown to be acceptable sites for
demonstration of the feasibility of debris basins in controlling water
pollution. The sites are in areas where very little erosion-causing activity
has occurred and where surface mining is to be initiated. Adjacent "virgin"
watersheds were also selected for each study site to provide background data
on water quality where man's activities have been very limited. Pertinent
site information Including flow and water quality data were gathered.
Cooperation agreements were signed by the various mining companies assuring
access and data availability. (Adapted from authors' abstract) EPA, CE28
M76-38 DENT'S RUN CLEAN-UP COMPLETED
Creen Lands 6^ (1), 6-9 (Winter 1976). The clean-up of the watershed by
Consolidation Coal Company, West Virginia Department of Natural Resources, and
U.S. EPA is summarized. Land reclamation, mine sealing, and mine drainage
treatment were included in the methods used in the project which was carried
out over more than four years. Jour, CE1
M76-39 EVALUATION OF SURFACE MINE RECLAMATION TECHNIQUES: CAMPBELL'S RUN
WATERSHED, PENNSYLVANIA
Dougherty, M. T. and Holzen, H. H., A. C. Ackenheil & Associates, Inc., Report-
to U.S. EPA, Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory, Cincinnati, Ohio
Environmental Protection Technology Series EPA-600/2-76-111 (June 1976).
61 pp. NTIS, PB-255 298/AS. Fifty-two acres (21 hectares) of abandoned
22
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M76-39 (continued)
surface-mined land were regraded and revegetated to reduce infiltration to the
spoil zone and to the underlying deep-mine complex. Water quality was
monitored prior to, during, and after surface reclamation. The results of
sampling Campbell's Run over a three year period indicated that the stream's
pH and acidity had improved and that the acid load had decreased 43 percent at
its mouth. However, this Improvement was attributed more to the construction
of residential and commercial establishments, and of U.S. Interstate 79, and
to natural fluctuations in mine pool levels and runoff rates than to the
reclamation projects. CE71
M76-40 EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL: SURFACE MINING IN THE EASTERN U.S.:
VOLUME 1 PLANNING; VOLUME 2 DESIGN
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Technology Transfer Seminar
Publication EPA-625/3-76-006 (Oct. 1976). Volume 1, 102 pp. Volume 2,
136 pp.+ NTIS, PB-261 343. Volume 1 includes general information on the
problem of erosion and sedimentation, description of a number of control
techniques, guidance in developing control plans, and a Glossary. Volume 2
presents design and construction considerations for a number of the most
commonly used erosion control structures; discussion of products and materials
used to aid in erosion control; and a sample control plan. Selected state
mining laws and reclamation requirements are also given. EPA, CE113, CE118
M76-41 EFFECTS OF MINE ACID ON THE LONGEVITY AND REPRODUCTIVE RATE OF THE
GASTRORICHA LEPIDODERMELLA SQUAMMATA (DUJARDIN)
Faucon, A. S. and Hummon, W. D. (Ohio University, Department of Zoology and
Microbiology), Hydroblologia 50_ (3), 265-269 (1976). In laboratory studies,
waters from a polluted and an unpolluted stream in Athens County, Ohio were
used directly and mixed for tests at pH 8.1, 7.1, 6.4, 5.2, 4.6, and 3.3.
Eggs cultured individually at each pH were observed at 12 hour intervals for
hatching, daughter egg laying, and death. Data representing 50 animals under
each test condition were used in the construction of a series of life tables
for calculating maximal life expectancy, net reproductive rate per individual
lifetime, and intrinsic rate of natural increase. Associated with the
decrease in pH was an increase in total conductivity and a decrease in
carbonate alkalinity and hence in carbonate conductivity. It appears that L.
squammata is capable of living and reproducing at pH 6.0 to 6.5 under field
conditions low In carbonates, providing non-carbonate ions are not abundant,
or under field conditions high in non-carbonate ions, providing sufficient
carbonates are present. (Adapted from authors' abstract) CE342
M76-42 IRON, AND ITS ROLE IN A RIVER POLLUTED BY MINE EFFLUENTS
Gale, W. F., Jacobsen, T. V., and Smith, K. M. (Ichthyological Associates,
Inc.), Proceedings of the Pennsylvania Academy of Science 50 (2), 182-195
(1976). This 1973-74 study of an approximately 74-km stretch of the
Susquehanna River covered areas where the water was only slightly polluted as
well as areas receiving acid mine drainage and areas downstream from the mine
drainage sources. Monitoring of water quality showed iron concentration up to
23
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M76-42 (continued)
38.5 mg/1 with a monthly mean of 3.7 mg/1. Laboratory studies confirmed the
observation that temperature was a major limiting factor in iron oxidation.
In the summer, iron was oxidized to the typical brownish-orange suspension,
and through settling, up to 73 percent of the iron was removed within 50 km of
the mine effluents. Studies of deposition of iron on the river bottom showed
that little iron was deposited in winter and during periods of high flow, more
iron was collected on roughened collector plates than on smooth ones, and that
plates colonized by aquatic biota collected much more iron than uncoIonized
plates. In assessing the effects of mine drainage on the ecosystem of the
study area, observations of plant life, benthos, and fish are discussed.
CE344
M76-43 HARMFUL IMPACTS OF CURRENT SURFACE MINE RECLAMATION ON INFERTILE
TROUT STREAMS AND THEIR FUTURE
Gasper, D. C. (West Virginia Department of Natural Resources), Northeast Fish
and Wildlife Conference, Hershey, Pennsylvania, April 26-29, 1976. 27 pp.
The author is concerned with the possibility of acid seeps being formed when
precipitation and/or ground water percolate through acid-forming material
buried during reclamation of surface-mined land. He reports examples of the
problem from published documents, and reviews his discussions and
correspondence on the subject with a number of research workers experienced tn
acid mine drainage problems. CE13
M76-44 THE TREATMENT OF COAL MINE DRAINAGE WATERS CONTAINING DISSOLVED IRON
COMPOUNDS
Glover, H. G. and Chamberlain, E. A. C. (National Coal Board, Great Britain)
Symposium on Environmental Problems Resulting from Coal Mining Activities,
Katowice, Poland, Oct. 18-22, 1976. 17 pp. Processes used in Great Britain
for the treatment of coal mine drainage waters containing dissolved iron
compounds are described. Waters are classified chemically as containing
permanent or temporary acidity. The former are treated by hydrated lime and
sedimentation and the latter by aeration and sedimentation. It is often found
preferable to mix alkaline waters from mine workings at intermediate depths
with acidic waters so that the cheaper aeration process can be used. In
designing mine drainage water treatment plants, the greatest possible use is
made of local facilities to obtain the most effective treatment at the least
cost. Details are given of the design, construction and operation of one
example of each method of treatment. (Authors' Summary) CE172
M76-45 WATER QUALITY SYSTEMS IN COAL MEASURE FORMATIONS IN GREAT BRITAIN
Glover, H. G. and Chamberlain, E. A. C. (National Coal Board, Great Britain),
Symposium on Environmental Problems Resulting from Coal Mining Activities,
Katowice, Poland, Oct. 18-22, 1976. 18 pp. An understanding of the
distribution of water qualities in the undisturbed coal measure strata has
been found to be a necessary basis for the prediction of the qualities of
waters which will be released during mining and subsequently discharged to
surface watercourses. In Great Britain, regular water quality patterns have
24
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M76-45 (continued)
been identified in the coal measure aquifers in most of the coalfields and
consistent ionic ratios apparently defined by geochemical constraints have
been observed. A relationship has been established between the chloride
content of formation waters and the rank and chlorine content of the coals in
adjacent seams* An appreciation of the secondary contaminants which are
introduced into the formation waters during passage through the mine workings
permits the complete prediction of discharged water qualities. (Authors'
Summary) CE174
M76-46 SETTLER'S CABIN PARK: MINE DRAINAGE POLLUTION ABATEMENT SURVEY
ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA
Gooding, W. E. and Witt, R. C., Ackenheil & Associates Geo Systems, Inc.,
Report to the Appalachian Regional Commission, GEO Project 75100, Aug. 16,
1976. 49 pp.+ NTIS, PB-261 593/8BE. The condition of the 1,500 acre park
was surveyed through field, laboratory, and engineering analyses with
recommendations made for mined-land reclamation and pollution-abatement-
techniques. The recommended plans were formulated as technical and economic
objectives to enhance the aesthetic and recreational potential of the park.
The technical criteria for water quality were to insure a habitat capable of
supporting aquatic life. The recommended abatement plan was divided into five
phases and includes strip-mine reclamation, drainage collection, revegetation,
excavation of shallow underground mines, and in the final phase, a treatment
plant for discharge collected by the Phase I interceptor system. After being
judged technically feasible, the plans were economically analyzed. In
addition, the reclamation plan was to conform with projected land-use
objectives and to minimize adverse impacts upon the terrestrial habitat.
CE225
M76-47 UTILIZATION OF ACID MINE DRAINAGE TREATMENT SLUDGE
Grady, W. C. and Akers, D. J., West Virginia University, Coal Research Bureau,
Report No. 123, prepared for Proceedings of the Fifth Mineral Waste
Utilization Symposium, Chicago, Illinois, sponsored by U.S. Bureau of Mines
and IIT Research Institute, April 13-14, 1976. pp 114-121. The report
discusses several uses of the low-solids sludge remaining after the
neutralization of acid mine drainage. Wet sludge applied to strip mine spoil
in greenhouse studies gave somewhat successful results in plant growth and
survival. Analyses of spray-dried sludge and of rock dust used for explosion
control in coal mining operations were compared. Three of the four samples of
sludge prepared for these tests met the requirements of the state of West
Virginia for silica content and particle size of rock dust material.
Investigations of the use of sludge in structural materials showed that under
certain conditions it can be used in briquettes and, in small amounts, can be
added to cements. In addition, techniques for recovering metals and minerals
from the sludge are discussed. CE250
M76-48 DEMONSTRATION OF COAL MINE HAUL ROAD SEDIMENT CONTROL TECHNIQUES
Grier, W. F., Miller, C. F., and Womack, J. D., Mayee, Sudderth and Etheredge,
25
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M76-48 (continued)
Inc. and Environmental Systems Corporation, Report to U.S. EPA, Industrial
Environmental Research Laboratory, Cincinnati, Ohio, Environmental Protection
Technology Series EPA-600/2-76-196 (Aug. 1976). 82 pp. NTIS, PB-258 304.
This report presents recommendations for the use of erosion abatement
technology in the design, construction, maintenance, and bedding of haul road
through mountainous terrain. Factors such as the length of time the road la *
to be used, the tonnage to be hauled over it, and the high traffic volume the
road muat sustain should be considered in the design. The site of the
demonstration road will be at the Pevler operations of the Island Creek Coal
Company in Martin County, Kentucky. CE168
M76-49 A DUAL FUNCTIONAL SOLID LIQUID SEPARATION PROCESS BASED ON FILTRATlOM
AND SETTLING
Henry, J. D., Jr., Lui, A. P., and Kuo, C. H. (West Virginia University,
Department of Chemical Engineering), AIChE Journal 22_ (3), 433-441 (May 1976)
The dual functional filter combines both the mechanisms of filtration and
settling or decantation. The combined mechanisms of separation permit very
high degrees of sludge dewaterlng; for example, slurries containing 0.2 wt. *
gelatinous particles have been dewatered to produce a sludge of 35 wt. %
particles. A mathematical model was developed which includes both the axial
or vertical variation of the pressure driving force and cake compressibility
effects. The model which includes both cake compressibility and pressure
driving force variation was used to interpret experimental performance data
for slurries of neutralized acid mine drainage sludge. (From authors'
abstract and Scope) Jour, CE110
M76-50 PREDICTING THE QUALITY OF MINE WATER DISCHARGES
Henton, M. P. (Forth River Purification Board, Scotland), Effluent and Water
Treatment J. _16 (11), 568, 572 (Nov. 1976). The Fife coalfields of Scotland
have been worked for a number of years and records of quality of water pumped
from deep and surface mines and of drainages from old mine entrances are
available. The author proposes to combine these data with information on the
geology and hydrology of the area to predict the quality of drainages of new
mines planned for the coalfields. CE574
M76-51 PREDICTING THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF MINE DRAINAGE ON STREAM
BIOLOGY
derricks, E. E. and Shanholtz, V. 0., Transactions of the American Society of
Agricultural Engineers \9_ (2), 271-274, 283 (1976). A hydrologic model based
on the Stanford Watershed Model was used to generate data for models of
sulfate concentration and sediment movement in a stream. The models were
validated with data from a two-year study of Indian Creek, Fayette County
Pennsylvania. In this presentation the author analyzes the similarities of
species of macrobenthic organisms found at the sampling stations and relates
these results to sulfate loadings as an indicator of acid mine drainage and t
variations in the amounts of flow in the watershed. CE39 °
26
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M76-52 MOBILIZATION, TRANSPORTATION AND SEDIMENTATION OF WEATHERING PRODUCTS
FROM ABANDONED BROWN-COAL PITS. (IRON POLLUTION OF THE RIVER SKJERNA
AND RINGK0BING FJORD, WESTERN JUTLAND)
Jacobsen, J., Danmarks Geologiake Undersogelse, Arbog, pp 57-74, 1975
(Published 1976). Analyses were made of water samples from a number of lakes
formed after coal mining in the area. The two lakes which were found to have
the greatest effects on the river system were studied in detail. Effects of
drainage from the lakes on the river system were traced by analyses at a
number of sampling stations. Amounts of dissolved solids decreased downstream
either from being precipitated out or because of dilution. Data collected are
considered to be insufficient to show whether suspended iron is carried into
the Skjerna and the Rlngk^ing Fjord. CE571
M76-53 POTENTIAL IMPACT OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF LIGNITE RESERVES ON WATER
RESOURCES OF EAST TEXAS
James, W. P., Slowey, J. F., Garrett, R. L., Ortiz, C., Bright, J., and King,
T., Texas A&M University, Water Resources Institute, Research Project
Completion Report, Project No. B-199-TEX, July 1, 1976-August 31, 1976,
Technical Report No. 78 (Aug. 1976). 179 pp. NTIS, PB-263 492. Over a
period of one year, sampling was carried out monthly on streams, lakes, and
wells near the surface-mined areas at Fairfield and Rockdale and at control
stations away from the lignite development area. Studies at the power plant
at FairfieZd included collection of samples of precipitation under the plume
and a limited survey of trace element enrichment of surrounding soils.
Studies were also carried out on leachates from several lignites and their
overburdens. CE577
M76-54 PURIFICATION OF WATERS FROM STRIP LIGNITE MINES
Janiak, H., Central Research and Design Institute for Opencast Mining,
POLTEGOR, Poland, 2nd Interim Report to U.S. EPA, Special Foreign Currency
Program Project 05-534-3, July 1976. 177 pp. The main pollution problem in
waters from Polish strip pits is suspended solids. Water from three open-pit
lignite mines was used in laboratory studies on several methods of removal of
suspended particles. Gamma radiation was somewhat effective in settling
particles in water with considerable chemical oxygen demand. A number of
flocculants were evaluated for settling suspended solids from the mine waters.
The most effective was identified as Calgon M-502. Several polyelectrolytes
were added directly to sand filter beds. Thia method was not sucessful in
removing a very stable colloidal suspension from one mine water, but clarified
other mine waters, particularly with the use of Calgon M-502. Field tests of
sediment basins also showed that Calgon M-502 increased the settling rate of
suspended solids and decreased the turbidity of mine water. CE65
M76-55 PURIFICATION OF WATERS FROM STRIP MINES
Janiak, H. (POLTEGOR, Poland), Green Lands 6_ (2), 42, 44 (Spring 1976). This
paper is based on research conducted in Poland and concerns the issues
connected with the quality of runoff waters from lignite strip mines and the
27
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M76-55 (continued)
technology employed in their purification. The general classes of stream
quality are discussed. Suspended solids are the principal pollutant but the
permitted suspended matter level of 20-50 mg/1 does not apply to periods of
sudden water surges. Hydrocyclones have been used but not widely due to poor
reduction of suspended solids. Sedimentation ponds are in wide use and recent
studies indicate that a six- to twelve-hour retention time is sufficient to
meet the demanded level of purification. Jour, CE64
M76-56 EFFECTIVENESS OF SURFACE MINE SEDIMENTATION PONDS
Kathuria, D. V., Nawrocki, M. A,, and Becker, B. C. (Hittman Associates,
Inc.), Report to U.S. EPA, Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory,
Cincinnati, Ohio, Environmental Protection Technology Series EPA-600/2-76-117
(Aug. 1976). 109 pp. NT1S, PB-258 917. Nine sedimentation ponds located ln
Kentucky, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia were sampled during rainfall and
baseline conditions. The theoretical and actual efficiencies of removal of
suspended solids were computed and compared. The theoretical efficiency was
essentially the same as the actual efficiency under baseline conditions.
During rainfall, predicted efficiency was higher than actual efficiency in
most cases. Generally, the ponds did not exhibit good trap efficiency. Also
contributing to the inferior performance were generally improper utilization
and tnismaintenance of the ponds. Of the various ponds observed, the off
channel or dugout-type was found to remove more solids and require less
maintenance than ponds built in the main stream channel. Recommendations were
made for improvement of the different design and maintenance methods.
(Adapted from authors' abstract) EPA, CE111
M76-57 SELECTED HYDROLOGIC DATA, CLARION RIVER AND REDBANK CREEK BASINS,
NORTHWESTERN PENNSYLVANIA—AN INTERIM REPORT
Koester, H. E. and Lescinsky, J., U.S. Geological Survey, Open-File Report
76-445, Prepared in cooperation with the Pennsylvania Department of
Environmental Resources (July 1976). 164 pp.+ This report summarizes
discharge data from 140 stream collection sites, contains tables of about 800
chemical analyses from 164 stream sites, and 107 analyses from 91 abandoned
flowing oil and gas wells including concentrations of major ions and trace
metals. Tabulated results of collections of microvertebrates at 136 stream
sites and seven flow duration curves are presented. (From authors' abstract)
CE148
M76-58 PRESERVING THE CROOKED CREEK WATERSHED: THE ERNEST MINE ACID MINE
DRAINAGE FACILITY
Kohlbeck, R. A. (L. Robert Kimball, Consulting Engineers), Water Pollution
Control Association of Pennsylvania Magazine 9_ (5), 4-8 (Sept.-Oct. 1976).
When the mine sealing performed under the Operation Scarlift program at the
abandoned Ernest Mine near Creekslde in Indiana County, Pennsylvania, did not
achieve acid mine drainage abatement, the Pennsylvania Department of
Environmental Resources contracted for the construction of a lime
neutralization plant to improve the water quality. The plant is planned to
28
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M76-58 (continued)
treat 4.5 MGD (18,000 m3/day) of raw mine water. The process includes mixing
the pumped mine water with lime slurry, aeration, settling, and discharge of
clarified effluent to McKee Run, a tributary of Crooked Creek. Sludge from
the neutralization will be discarded in a remote section of the mine to
prevent recirculation. CE123
M76-59 HYDROCHEMISTRY OF THE DRAINED SKJERNA DELTA. (IRON POLLUTION OF THE
RIVER SKJERNA AND RINGK0BING FJORD, WESTERN JUTLAND)
Kristiansen, H., Danmarks Geologiske Undersogelse, Arbog, pp 45-55, 1975
(Published 1976). A study of the drainage pumped at five stations from low-
lying areas in the Skjerna delta shows that water quality differs from station
to station. There is also a seasonal cycle with flush-out by autumn and
winter rains of oxidation products accumulated in dry weather. Water carrying
most iron and other pollutants comes from areas where borings show
"occurrences of peaty deposits with a variable content of reduced sulphur
components in the upper layers." CE572
M76-60 EFFECTS OF LOW CONCENTRATIONS OF MANGANOUS SULFATE ON EGGS AND FRY OF
RAINBOW TROUT
Lewis, M. (Arizona State University, Department of Zoology), The Progressive
Fish-Culturist 38_ (2), 63-65 (April 1976). Laboratory tests were performed on
incubating eggs and two growth stages of fry in four 43 liter tanks containing
varying concentrations (0, 1.0, 5.0, and 10.0 mg/1) of manganous sulfate
solutions and stock water from an unidentified Pennsylvania stream. An
increase In egg mortality corresponded with an increase in the metal
concentration. Mortality was most significant during the eye development
state and at hatching time. There was no progressive increase in fry
mortality at any concentration. In avoidance studies, the fish did not
significantly shun the flow of manganous sulfate solutions up to a
concentration of 10 mg/1. CE336
M76-61 SURFACE MINING INFLUENCE ON GROUND WATER ENVIRONMENT
Liblcki, J. (POLTEGOR, Poland), Green Lands 6_ (2), 39-41 (Spring 1976).
Addressed are ground water problems in Poland where the majority of surface
mining is situated below the stable ground- water table. Problems discussed
are the use of pits once the coal has been removed and the influence of the
ground-water table drawn down, by surface mining, on the surrounding terrains.
Jour, CE63
M76-62 FEASIBILITY OF ELK CREEK ACID MINE DRAINAGE ABATEMENT PROJECT
Loy, L. D., Jr. and Gunnett, J. W., Skelly and Loy, Engineers and Consultants
and West Virginia Department of Natural Resources, Report to U.S. EPA,
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory, Cincinnati, Ohio, Environmental
Protection Technology Series EPA-600/2-76-128 (Sept. 1976). 84 pp. NTIS,
PB-259 329/1BE. The purpose of this study was to determine the technical and
economic feasibility of alkaline regrading, slurry trench construction, and
29
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M76-62 (continued)
mine roof collapse as acid mine drainage abatement techniques* In each
technique alkaline spoils or roof materials arc manipulated so that they come
in contact with mine water and act as a neutralizing agent. Project efforts
included: field investigations; soil analysis; water quality and quantity
monitoring; bid package preparation and supervision of exploratory backhoe
excavation; detailed mapping; and preparation of predesign engineering plans
and cost estimates. (Adapted from authors' abstract) 227
M76-63 OPERATION SCARLIFT - HINE DRAINAGE ABATEMENT
McConnell, C. H., Fowler, D. E., and Friedrich, A. E. (Pennsylvania Department
of Environmental Resources), American Society of Civil Engineers, Annual
Convention and Exposition, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Sept. 27 - Oct. 1,
1976. Preprint 2770. 29 pp. Described are the history of mining and mining
laws in Pennsylvania, the formation of acid mine drainage, and methods of
abatement being used in Operation Scarlift. To date, 2,60 cres of strip-
mined land have been restored, ten treatment facilities have been constructed,
32 deep mine complexes have been sealed, and 37 refuse banks have been
reclaimed. This has resulted in the cleanup of 48 stream miles and a
significant reduction in the pollution of an additional 140 miles. Additional
detail is given on projects at the Shaw mine complex to reduce drainage into
the Casselman River, Moraine State Park, and Mahantango Creek. CE753
M76-64 THE RAPID ANALYSIS OF ACID MINE DRAINAGE
McMillan, B. G., Akers, D. J., and Colabrese, J. F., West Virginia University,
Coal Research Bureau, Report No. 118 (Feb. 1976). 35 pp. Also published in
Mining Congress Journal £3^ (5)» 28-33 (1977). Rapid, accurate analyses of
acid mine drainage (AMD) at the site of the treatment plant would allow the
operator to adapt the amount of neutralizer used to changing conditions. This
study compares the results of analysis for Al, Ca, Cu, Mg, Mn, Fe, Ni, and SO,
in AMD using a portable field colorimeter, a laboratory spectrophotometer, ana
an atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AA). The authors discuss testing for
each of the species with emphasis on interferences in the various analyses.
The portable field colorimeter gave acceptable results for Fe, Mn, Ni, SO,,
and Cu when Fe was present in low amounts. Comparison of titration for Ca and
Mg to analysis by AA showed so much greater accuracy by AA that it was
concluded that a fast, simple, and accurate procedure was unlikely to be
developed for these two ions. Jour, CE241
M76-65 CHRONIC EFFECTS OF REDUCED pH ON BROOK TROUT (SALVELINTJS FONTINALIS)
Menendez, R. (West Virginia Department of Natural Resources, Division of
Wildlife Resources), J. Fisheries Research Board of Canada 33_ (1), 118-123
(1976). Natural conditions of a West Virginia stream were simulated to
analyze the effects of continued exposure to low pH levels on all growth
stages of the brook trout without the interference of associated factors in
the natural environment such as the presence of heavy metals or limited food
supplies. The 11 month study was carried out at pH levels of 4.5, 5.0, 5.5,
6.0, 6.5, and the control level, 7.1. The number of viable eggs was reduced
30
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M76-65 (continued)
significantly at pH 5.0 and to a lesser extent at the higher pH levels.
Embryo hatchabillty was significantly less at all pH levels below 6.5. Growth
and survival of alevine was reduced at the lower pH levels. These data
indicate that continual exposure to pH values below 6.5 will result in
significant reductions in egg hatchability and growth. (Adapted from author's
abstract) CE186
M76-66 THE EFFECT OF COAL SURFACE MINING ON THE WATER QUALITY OF MOUNTAIN
DRAINAGE BASIN STREAMS
Minear, R. A. and Tschantz, B, A. (University of Tennessee), J. Water
Pollution Control Federation^ (11), 2549-2569 (Nov. 1976). The results of
first-year observations on six watersheds in the New River Basin of Tennessee
are presented and contrasted with case studies of a similar nature conducted
in other Appalachian locations. Three of the watersheds in this study were
undisturbed by mining activity. These initial observations indicate that the
pH, alkalinity, calcium, magnesium, chloride, and Solids found in samples
taken from the disturbed watersheds are higher than in samples taken from the
undisturbed watersheds. Streamflow was continuous in the disturbed watersheds
but was interrupted during the dry summer months in the undisturbed
watersheds. Jour, CE650
M76-67 TIOCA RIVER MINE DRAINAGE ABATEMENT PROJECT
Mlorin, A, F., Klingensmith, R. S., and Heizer, R. E., Gannett Fleming Corddry
and Carpenter, Inc., Report to U.S. EPA, Industrial Environmental Research
Laboratory, Cincinnati, Ohio, Environmental Protection Technology Series
EPA-600/2-76-106 (June 1976). 71 pp. NTIS, PB-254 418. Because Morris Run,
Coal and Bear Creeks, tributaries of the Tioga River, receive drainage from
abandoned mines, water in these three streams generally has a pH of about 3.0
with a net acidity ranging from 200 to 1,000 milligrams per litre. The
proposed project is recommended to demonstrate effective techniques for mine
drainage abatement, to reduce a specific mine drainage problem, and to restore
portions of a mined area to their approximate original surface grade.
Techniques to be demonstrated include: restoration of strip pits utilizing
agricultural limestone and sewage sludge as soil conditioners; burial of acid-
forming materials within strip mines that are to be restored; and
reconstruction and lining of a stream channel. This project will result in
estimated reductions of 8,480 pounds of acid, 550 pounds of iron, and 1.23
million gallons of flow per day under average groundwater conditions at four
mine discharges comprising the bulk of the pollutlonal loadings in the study
area. (Adapted from authors' abstract) EPA, CE40
M76-68 SURVIVAL OF MAYFLY LARVAE UNDER MINE ACID CONDITIONS
Napier, S., Jr. and Hummon, W. D. (Ohio University, Department of Zoology and
Microbiology), Int. Revue ges. Hydrobiol. 6± (5), 677-682 (1976). Mayfly
larvae were abundant and diverse in riffle zones of three control streams in
southeastern Ohio. None were found In such zones of Sandy Run, which
31
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M76-68 (continued)
currently receives mine drainage, and of Long Hollow and Minkers Run, which
both receive drainage from reclaimed and revegetated mined land. Laboratory
studies showed stepwise Increases in nonpredatory mortality of mayfly larvae
with increased acidity. Dragonfly larvae pzedation on mayfly larvae was
constant at pH 8.1-4.1, but decreased at pH 3.1 despite tolerance of dragonfly
larvae to low pH conditions. (Adapted from authors' abstract) CE554
M76-69 TREATMENT OF ACID MINE DRAINAGE BY THE ALUMINA-LIME-SODA PROCESS
Nebgen, J. W., Weatherman, D. F., Valentine, M., and Shea, E. P., Midwest
Research Institute, Report to U.S. EPA, Industrial Environmental Research
Laboratory, Cincinnati, Ohio, Environmental Protection Technology Series
EPA-6QO/2-76-206 (Sept. 1976). 105 pp. NTIS, PB-259 930/AS. This chemical
desalination process for waters In which the principal sources of salinity
sulfate salts has been field tested at the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania's
Mine Drainage Research Facility, Hollywood, Pennsylvania, as a method to
recover potable water from acid mine drainage. The process involves two
treatment stages. Raw water is reacted with sodium aluminate and lime in the
first stage to precipitate dissolved sulfate as calcium sulfoaluminate. in
the second stage, the alkaline water (pH - 12.0) recovered from the first
stage is carbonated to precipitate excess hardness. Following carbonation,
product water meets USPHS specifications for drinking water. Process
economics are influenced most by the cost of sodium aluminate• Operating
costs for recovering potable water from acid mine drainage having an acidity
of 700 mg/litre and a sulfate level of 750 mg/litre have been estimated. The
design and costs of constructing a demonstration plant are presented, and
operating and maintenance costs are estimated for mine drainage having an
acidity of 700 mg/litre and a sulfate level of 750 mg/litre. (Adapted from
authors' abstract) EPA, CE155
M76-70 NORTH BRANCH POTOMAC RIVER BASIN MINE DRAINAGE STUDY
Skelly and Loy, Consultants and Engineers, Phase I Task 1 Report to U.S. Army
Corps of Engineers, Baltimore District, Feb. 1976. 181 pp.+ A report on the
execution of Tasks One and Two of the project to formulate mine drainage
abatement plans for the restoration of the study area's water quality is
presented. Existing physical, socio-economic and environmental character-
istics of the Basin are developed through literature and baseline dat reviews.
The scope of the mine drainage problem and data conflicts are identified,
compiled and uaed in updating the data base. An estimate is made of the
relative contribution of active and inactive mines to the mine drainage
pollution of the basin. In addition, surface mined lands are classified Into
reclamation categories according to the extent of regrading, degree of
revegetation and angle of slope to be attained after mining. An annotated
bibliography arranged according to subject area is included. CE120
M76-71 FEASIBILITY OF MINE POLLUTION ABATEMENT PROCEDURES AT GREENE-
SULLIVAN STATE FOREST
Oberlies, J. W., Jr. and Polcyn, A. J., M W Inc., Architects-Engineers and
32
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M76-71 (continued)
Ryckman/Edgerley/Tomlinson & Associates, Inc., Report to Indiana Department of
Natural Resources and U.S. EPA, Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory,
Cincinnati, Ohio, Grant No. S-8Q2593, June 1976. 85 pp. This report presents
a detailed evaluation of the feasibility of a demonstration project to abate
acid mine drainage pollution in and around Reservoir 29 in Greene-Sullivan
State Forest, southwestern Indiana. The first step proposed would be to
spread and cover the acid producing wastes with a 0.9 meter (3 foot) cover of
soil from a nearby borrow area. This would be followed by revegetation to
prevent future erosion. The concluding step would be to neutralize the
impoundments by the in-place addition of a lime slurry to bring the pH of the
lakes from about 3.7 to 7.0. The estimated cost for this project is
$1,412,000. Coal drilling, boring, water quality, and precipitation records
for the area are included. (From authors' abstract) EPA, CE683
M76-72 ACID MINE DRAINAGE TREATMENT WITH THE ROTATING BIOLOGICAL CONTACTOR
Olem, H. and Unz, R. F., The Pennsylvania State University, Institute for
Research on Land and Water Resources, Research Publication 93 (Sept. 1976).
70 pp. Two pilot units were operated intermittently at the Experimental Mine
Drainage Treatment Facility, Hollywood, Pennsylvania, from May 1974 to
September 1975. The first unit evaluated the oxidation of ferrous iron under
varied disc rotation rates and hydraulic loadings, wheras the rotation rate of
the second was kept constant for the study of solids formations and
microbiology of the process. Under both conditions the half-immersed rotating
discs increased aeration of the wastewater and provided surfaces for the
growth of iron oxidizing bacteria without the prior innoculation of bacteria
or nutritional supplements. The rotating biological contactor (RBC) prepared
a mine drainage containing up to 313 mg/1 of ferrous iron for limestone
neutralization and subsequent solids precipitation. The RBC system has been
shown to be dependable, efficient and economically comparable to purely
chemical methods of iron oxidation. (Adapted from authors' abstract) CE284
M76-73 PRELIMINARY RESULTS FROM A STUDY OF COAL MINING EFFECTS ON WATER
QUALITY OF THE TONGUE RIVER, WYOMING
Olsen, R. D. and Dettmann, E. H. (Argonne National Laboratory, Division of
Environmental Impact Studies,) Fifty-Second Annual Meeting, Southwestern and
Rocky Mountain Division, American Association for the Advancement of Science,
Tucson, Arizona, April 28-May 1, 1976. 10 pp. Results of detailed physical
and chemical analyses of mine discharge and ambient water quality of receiving
streams suggest that water quality impacts of present mining acitivlties in
the area examined are small when compared to other apparent land use impacts
observed upstream of the mine operated for 20 years by Big Horn Coal Company.
A modified dilution equation for predicting the effect of increased drainage
from expansion of mining in the area is presented. (Adapted from authors'
abstract and text) CE309
33
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M76-74 OPERATING IDEAS: TIP TO WESTERN COAL MINERS—YOU CAN DBINX AND BATHE
IN OSMOSIS-TREATED WASTE WATER
Coal Age JU (8), 128 (August 1976). This short news article references the
use of reverse osmosis at the Emery Mine, Utah, for treating 13,000 gpd of
taine water containing dissolved solids, bacteria, and organic compounds for
use as drinking water and showering. Jour, CE667
M76-75 PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF SUBLETHAL LEVELS OF ACID WATER ON FISH
Pegg, W. J. and Jenkins, C. R., West Virginia University, Water Research
Institute, Center for Extension and Continuing Education, Bulletin 6,
WRI-WVU-76-01, West Virginia University Bulletin, Series 76, No. 11-27 (May
1976). 47 pp. The present study indicates that tolerance for high acidity
and low pH was greater for brown bullhead than for either bluegill or
pumpkinseed sunfish. The oxygen consumption rate data substantiates
information obtained previously in toxicity bioassay tests on the acid
tolerance of these fish. In water of pH 3.0 - 4.0 ventilation rates were
highly variable and frequently increased to three times the standard resting
rate. As an indication of physiological stress, the changes in oxygen-
consumption rate in acid waters compared to standard tap water were
significant for each fish species. (Adapted from authors' abstract) CE66
M76-76 TOXICITY OF MIKE DRAINAGE TO EMBRYONIC AND LARVAL BOREAL TOADS
(BUFONIDAE: BUFO BOREAS)
Porter, K. R. and Hakanson, D. E., Copeia, No. 2, 327-331, 1976. Chemical
analyses and bioassays of drainage from the inactive Argo mine in Clear Creek
County, Colorado, were made to determine if it could be a factor in the
absence of amphibians in the area. The concentration of iron, copper, and
zinc in the drainage, and its pH, were all individually much greater than the
tolerance levels of premetamorphic toads. The drainage had to be diluted
approximately one thousand times before larvae could survive in it. (Adapted
from authors' abstract) CE561
M76-77 POTENTIAL OF COAL STRIP-MINE SPOILS AS AQUIFERS IN THE POWDER RIVER
BASIN
Rahn, P. H., South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Engineering and
Mining Experiment Station, Project Completion Report to Old West Regional
Commission, Billings, Montana, Old West Project No. 10470025, June 30, 1976.
108 pp. Plus Appendixes I through VI. Six coal strip mines were studied
using field infiltration and laboratory permeability apparatus to determine
hydrologic characteristics. Data from 44 sites indicate that the permeability
is primarily related to density, which in turn is due to method of emplacement
and composition. Spoils emplaced by dragline show higher laboratory
permeability than those emplaced by scraper or truck. Areas with large
amounts of alluvium or sandstone in the overburden show significantly larger
values of laboratory permeability than those where overburden consists chiefly
of siltstone or shale. Chemical analyses of 32 water samples show a
34
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M76-77 (continued)
significant difference of the quality of ground water in spoils compared to
natural ground water from wells in the Tongue River Formation. Water in
spoils contains greater sulfate, calcium, magnesium, and total dissolved
solids. However, the mineral content of natural ground water is also
sufficiently high to limit its usefulness. (From author's abstract) CE218
M76-78 CORROSIVITY OF UNDERGROUND MINE ATMOSPHERES AND MINE WATERS: A
REVIEW AND PRELIMINARY STUDY
Rawat, N. S. (Indian School of Mines, Department of Chemistry, Fuel and
Metallurgy), British Corrosion Journal 1± (2), 86-91 (1976). The causes of
Che corrosivity of mine atmospheres and mine waters are described in detail-
The principal factors promoting atmospheric corrosion in underground coal
mines are high relative humidity (more than 902), high temperature
(approximately 30 C) and airborne dusts. The characteristics of mine waters
are presented and discussed. The causes of the acidity of mine waters have
been explained in terms of the decomposition and oxidation of pyrites, the
presence of thiobacillus thio-oxydans and thiobacillus ferro-oxydans, etc.,
and the presence of peaty acids. The acidity of mine water contributes both
directly and indirectly to the corrosivity. About twenty mine water samples
from Jharla coal mines were selected for preliminary studies. The samples
were found to be slightly acidic or neutral and only mildly corrosive. Som«
mine tracers corroded to the same extent whether they had a negative or
positive value of the saturation index. This has been attributed to the
presence of aggressive Ions, i.e., chloride and sulphate, in the mine water-
This is further confirmed by the finding that the rate of corrosion In mine
water containing chloride ion is of the same order as that in Nad solution of
the same concentration. Similar studies are now in progress on mine
atmospheres and mine waters which are highly corrosive. (Author's abstract)
CE408
M76-79 FEASIBILITY STUDY: DEER PARK DAYLIGHTING PROJECT
Richardson, A. R. and Dougherty, M. T., Ackenheil & Associates, Inc., Report
to U.S. EPA, Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory, Cincinnati, Ohio,
Environmental Protection Technology Series EPA-600/2-76-110 (June 1976). 86
pp. NT1S, PB-257 135. Daylighting of abandoned deep coal mines to abate mine
drainage employs common surface mining and backfilling techniques. Data on
the present water quality of Lost Run, Garrett County, Maryland were obtained
and used for the evaluation of using daylightlng as a method to improve water
quality. Other criteria were thickness, quality and amount of coal in-place.
A mining and reclamation plan developed for the dayllghting was based on the
acidity of overburden material, the estimated coal in-place, and erosion
control methods to reduce siltatlon. The feasibility study results indicate
this demonstration project would be technically and economically feasible and
that reclamation would effectively produce usable land and improve water
quality. The major obstacle in implementing the project is acquiring rights,
easements and methods of awarding contracts. (Adapted from authors' abstract)
EPA, CEZ7
35
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M76-80 DISPOSAL OF COAL-FIRED UTILITY WASTES
Roffman, H. (Westinghouse Environmental Systems Department), Industrial Wastes
22 (5), 36-37 (Sept./Oct. 1976). The potential for water pollution from coal
storage pile and coal refuse pile leachate and from wet and dry disposal of
bottom and fly ash and of scrubber removal materials is discussed. CE358
M76-81 MODELING OF ACID MINE DRAINAGE AND OTHER POLLUTANTS IN THE
MONONGAHELA RIVER BASIN UNDER LOW FLOW CONDITIONS
Sack, W. A., Jenkins, C. R., Chambers, B. R., and Lange, R. W., II, West
Virginia University, Department of Civil Engineering, Prepared for West
Virginia Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Resources, June
1976. 159 pp. The QUAL 2 model was used to estimate conservative and non-
conservative pollutant concentration in the Monongahela River Basin under low
flow conditions. The work was restricted to the West Virginia portion of the
basin which has four major sub-basins: Tygart, West Fort, Cheat, and
Monongahela. Net acidity, total dissolved solids, dissolved oxygen and
ultimate oxygen demand were the parameters modeled. Point sources included
over 100 municipalities and almost 2,000 active and abandoned deep mine-
related discharges. (From authors' Introduction and Summary) CE317
M76-82 RESOURCES ALLOCATION TO OPTIMIZE MINING POLLUTION CONTROL
Shumate, K. S., Smith, E. E., Ricca, V. T., and Clark, G. M. (The Ohio State
University, Research Foundation), Report to U.S. EPA, Industrial Environmental
Research Laboratory, Cincinnati, Ohio, Environmental Protection Technology
Series EPA-600/2-76-112 (Nov. 1976). 493 pp. NTIS, PB-264 185. A
comprehensive model for mine drainage simulation and optimization of resource
allocation to control mine acid pollution in a watershed has been developed.
The model is capable of: (a) producing a time trace of acid load and flow
from acid drainage sources as a function of climatic conditions; (b)
generating continuous receiving stream flow data from precipitation data; (c)
predicting acid load and flow from mine drainage sources using precipitation
patterns and watershed status typical of "worst case" conditions that might be
expected, e.g., once every 10 or 100 years; and (d) predicting optimum
resource allocation using alternative methods of treatment and/or abatement
for "worst case" conditions during both wet and dry portions of the hydrologic
year. Because of the detail incorporated in the model as now constituted, a
large amount of field data is required as input. In most cases, the desired
field data are not now available. The model has not been fully tested or
compared to real systems, nor has sensitivity to input data been determined.
Therefore reliability of the model, and the necessity of detailed field data,
have not been established. Comparisons with real systems are necessary to
determine the level of simplification that can be permitted before the
validity or usefulness of the model is impaired. (From authors' abstract)
EPA, CE209
36
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M76-83 EARLY DEVELOPMENTAL EFFECTS OF HUE-NEUTRALIZED IRON HYDROXIDE
SUSPENSIONS ON BROOK TROUT AND COHO SALMON
Smith, E. J. (1) and Syltora, J. L. (2) [(1) Corps of Engineers, U.S.
Department of the Army, Pittsburgh District and (2) University of Pittsburgh,
Graduate School of Public Health], Transactions of the American Fisheries
Society 105 (2), 308-312 (1976). The study was conducted with a modified
proportional diluter. Effects were interpreted from data on hatchability,
survival, and growth in five test concentrations and in a control. Growth of
90-day-old coho salmon alevins was reduced in water containing 1.27 mg
Fe/liter of lime-neutralized suspended Iron, whereas hatchability was
unaffected in the highest concentration tested, 10.5 mg Fe/liter. However,
the 10.5 mg Fe/liter suspension had no measurable effect on hatchabiLity,
survival, and growth of brook trout alevins. (From authors' abstract) CE575
M76-B4 REMOVAL OF UNDESIRABLE CATIONS FROM ACID MINE WATER BY A NEW
CATION-EXCHANGE MATERIAL
Strohl, J. H. and Hern, J. L., West Virginia University, Water Research1
Institute, Information Report 9, WRI-WVU-76-04, West Virginia University
Bulletin, Series 77, No. 2-2 (Aug. 1976). 14 pp. NTIS, PB-257 092. This
study is directed toward the development of materials and methods useful for
removing metal-ion pollutants from water. Several modified graphites were
prepared that had Ion-exchange or chelating properties capable of removing
Fe ", NI , Co , Mg , and Ca from water. The absorption capacities of
these modified graphites are too low fgr economical use in water treatment.
They are useful for analytical separations, however. Attempts at producing
materials with higher absorption capacities were unsuccessful. Adjustment of
pH and removal of some metal ions ae the hydroxides by the electrogeneration.
of base appears to be a practical process for large-scale water treatment.
(Authors' abstract) CE171
M76-85 SURFACE MINE POND TO PROVIDE WATER FOR PUBLIC SYSTEM
Green Lands £ (4), 2-3, 5 (Winter 1976). Briefly described is a twelve acre
surface-mine pit pond that will be used as a public water supply for Mt.
Storm, Bayard, and Gormania, West Virginia, as well as Gorman, Maryland.
Jour, CE134
M76-86 IMPACT OF COAL STRIPMINING ON WATER QUALITY AND HYDROLOGY IN EAST
TENNESSEE
Tschantz, 8- A. and Minear, R. A., University of Tennessee, Water Resources
Research Center, Research Report No. 47 (March 5, 1976). 46 pp, NTIS,
PB-251 391/9S1. Six small watersheds within the New River basin of the
Northern Tennessee Cumberland Mountains have been monitored for water quality
weekly and simultaneously between January and September, 1975. Three
watersheds were undisturbed by mining activity and served to establish
bench-mark data. The other three watersheds represented varying stages of
coal mining activity, ranging from initiation of surface mining in one
37
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M76-86 (continued)
watershed to essentially complete stripping three years previously and current
deep mining activity in another* Distinct differences are observed for the
variables pH, alkalinity, sulfate, calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese, total
solids and suspended solids among the disturbed watersheds. In the
undisturbed watersheds, stream constituent concentrations were quite uniform
from stream to stream and from sample to sample. Preliminary data on the
heavy metals, Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Pb, Ni, and Zn, indicate increased metal levels
in the disturbed streams, principally in particulate form* At least in the
short term, the mining activity increased the buffering capacity and the pH of
the drainage waters. During the late summer, there was continued streamflow
in the disturbed watersheds while the undisturbed watersheds ceased flow.
(From authors' abstract and conclusions) CE14
M76-87 AVOIDANCE OF LIME-NEUTRALIZED IRON HYDROXIDE SOLUTIONS BY COHO SALMON
IN THE LABORATORY
Updegraff, K. F. and Sykora, J. L. (University of Pittsburgh), Environmental
Science & Technology^ (1), 51-54 (Jan. 1976). Salmon raised in control
(unmodified) water and in several different concentrations of iron suspensions
showed similar avoidance responses to lime-neutralized iron hydroxide
suspension at concentrations of 4.25-6.45 mg Fe/1. Jour, CE107
M76-88 RECENT IRON-RICH SEDIMENTS IN THE SKJERNA RIVER SYSTEM AND IN
RINGK0BING FJORD. (IRON POLLUTION OF THE RIVER SKJERNA AND
RINGK0BING FJORD, WESTERN JUTLAND)
Vlllumsen, A., Damnarks Geologiske Undersogelse, Arbog, pp 31-43, 1975
(Published 1976). An increased amount of iron in recent sedimentary deposits
is attributed to activity such as open-pit mining of brown coal, drainage of
meadows, and straightening of rivers. The geology and geochemistry of the
area are described and results of chemical analyses of sediments are
discussed. CE570
M76-89 THE EFFECTS OF ACID MINE DRAINAGE ON SPARGANIUM AMERICANUM NUTT.
Walker, B. N. (1) and Medve, R. J. (2) [(1) Cecil Community College,
Department of Biology and (2) Slippery Rock State College, Department of
Biology), Proceedings of the Pennsylvania Academy of Science 50 (2), 170-172
(1976). In August and September 1969, j>. americanum plants were collected
from twenty sites in Slippery Rock Creek, Wolf Creek, and Clarion River
watersheds, Pennsylvania. These sites had higher concentrations of total
acidity, iron, sulfate, and total hardness and a lower pH than did five sites
in the same watersheds that were devoid of this species. The production of
staminate heads was responsive to changes in total acidity, total alkalinity,
iron, and pH. Flowering appeared to be affected by water depth. (From
authors' abstract and text) CE558
38
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M76-90 PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF PREIMPOUNDMENT WATER-QUALITY STUDIES IN THE
TIOGA RIVER BASIN, PENNSYLVANIA AND NEW YORK
Ward, J. R-• u*s« Geological Survey, Water Resources Division, Water Resources
Investigations 76-66, USGS/WRD/WRI-76/059, Prepared in cooperation with the
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Baltimore District, and the Susquehanna River
Basin Commission (July 1976). 85 pp. NTIS, ADA029315. The Tioga River and
its major tributaries were sampled monthly from September 1973 to May 1975,
Mine drainage from both strip- and deep-mined areas enters the stream near
Blossburg and is counteracted by alkaline waters of downstream tributaries.
All of the streams in the Tioga River basin carry nutrients sufficient for
algae blooms- Dissolved solids range from very high to moderately high
throughout the basin. The Tioga River has high concentrations of sulfate and
heavy metals, particularly iron and manganese. Dissolved oxygen was usually
above 80 percent saturation and never dropped below 7.0 milligrams per litre
throughout the basin. Relationships between selected water-quality parameters
have been developed for the sampling stations throughout the basin.
Downstream trends were also examined. (Adapted from author's abstract) CE264
M76-91 SURFACE-WATER QUALITY IN THE YAMPA RIVER BASIN, COLORADO AND
WYOMING—AN AREA OF ACCELERATED COAL DEVELOPMENT
Wentz, D« A- and Steele, T. D. (U.S. Geological Survey, Lakewood, Colorado),
Conference on Water for Energy Development, Engineering Foundation, Asilomar
Conference Grounds, Pacific Grove, California, Dec. 5-10, 1976. 28 pp.
Historical data on regional temperature patterns, sediment yields, and
relations between specific conductance and concentrations of major inorganic
chemical constituents were complimented by a reconnaissance of 82 stream sites
in the Yampa River basin during low-flow conditions in August and September
1975. At three sites, trace elements in water and in bottom sediments were
found at concentrations higher than ambient levels determined for the basin.
Iron and manganese concentrations exceeded U.S. Public Health Service
recommended drinking water standards at 40 sites; high concentrations of
nitrogen, phosphorous, and organic carbon were found at six sites. Diversity
Indices for benthic macroinvertebrates provide no concrete evidence for
additional anomalous sites in the basin. (Adapted from authors' abstract)
CE568
M76-92 pH PROFILES IN A RIVER SYSTEM WITH MULTIPLE ACID LOADS
Yeasted, J- G. and Shane, R., J. Water Pollution Control Federation 48 (1),
91-106 (1976). A model is presented capable of predicting the effects on
downstream water quality resulting from a variety of proposed abatement
policies. Through che use of basic principles af water chemistry, the
foundation of the model was developed in the form of two expressions: an
equation which permits a determination of pH when the concentrations of
alkalinity and CO- acidity are known; and an equation which simulates the
change in the hydrogen ion concentration resulting from the gain or the loaa
of carbon dioxide at the air-water interface. Routines were formulated BO
that the procedures necessary for the application of these equations could be
added to an existing water quality model, Program BASIN. The final product
39
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M76-92 (continued)
was a computer model that could analyze the effect of mine drainage on any
branched river system and gives as output the pH of the water at each of a
selected number of nodes. A practical application of the complete model to
the Kiskiminetas River Basin was made. (From authors' Sumnary and
Concl usions) Jo ur, CE15
M76-93 TROUGH CREEK LIMESTONE BARRIER INSTALLATION AND EVALUATION
Yocum, S. C., Africa Engineering Associates, Inc., Report to U.S. EPA,
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory, Cincinnati, Ohio, Environmental
Protection Technology Series EPA-600/2-76-114 (May 1976). 101 pp. NTIS,
PB-253 766. The project, carried out in south central Pennsylvania, included
a stream gaging and sampling program to evaluate the effectiveness of
limestone barrier performance under actual stream conditions, and to assess
the adequacy of design relationships developed from laboratory research.
Limestone barrier performance was excellent during periods of low streamflow,
in terms of reducing acidity and raising the pH of the water, but
effectiveness was marginal at design or average streamflow. They were
ineffective when high runoffs were experienced. Limestone barrier performance
deteriorates after the structures are initially constructed and placed in
operation because progressive accumulations of sediment clog interstices
between the stones, which lessens the hydraulic conductivity of the barriers,
and because surfaces of the stones become coated with silt, which causes a
reduction in reactivity of the reagent (limestone) with flowing acidic water.
The design of limestone barriers should take these factors into account, and
the units should be sized sufficiently large to overcome this deficiency.
Silted limestone barriers can be restored to porous filtering beds,
approximately equal in performance to initial efficiency, by washing and
rehandling the crushed limestone materials. (From author's abstract) EPA,
CE43
1977
M77-1 ACID MINE DRAINAGE TREATS SEWAGE DUMPED IN STREAMS
Coal Age 8£ (11), 23 (Nov. 1977). Raw sewage from lines broken during the
July 1977 flood in the Johnstown, Pennsylvania, area flowed into the Conemaugh
and Kiskiminetas Rivers, both streams that carry acid mine drainage.
Authorities observed that the acid water killed bacteria and prevented a
health hazard. Jour, CE156
40
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M77-2 A POLITICAL HISTORY OF ACID MINE DRAINAGE IN WEST VIRGINIA
Alderman, J. K. and Smith, W. M., West Virginia University, Coal Research
Bureau, Report No. 139 (Jan. 1977). 10 pp. The authors discuss court cases
and legislation of West Virginia and Pennsylvania and Federal regulations
relating to acid mine drainage pollution and control. CE361
M77-3 ACID MINE DRAINAGE: THE PROBLEM & THE SOLUTION
Alderman, J. K. and Smith, W. M. (West Virginia University, Coal Research
Bureau), Coal Mining & Processing lb_ (8), 66-68, 87-88 (1977), The authors
review the extent of acid mine drainage in West Virginia and some of the
abatement projects carried out over the years. They emphasize the great
amount of money required to reclaim watersheds affected by mine drainage,
especially from abandoned mines. One recommendation is further research to
develop more effective and efficient abatement techniques. A second
reconmendation is to recover and use minerals and metals in the drainage and
in the sludge from treatment plants. Jour, CE295
M77-4 AN AQUATIC BIOLOGY STUDY OF DENTS RUN, MONONGALIA COUNTY, WEST
VIRGINIA
Academic Associates, Inc., Report to U.S. EPA, Industrial Environmental
Research Laboratory, Cincinnati, Ohio, Contract No. CA-6-99-3095-A (undated,
issued Nov. 1977), (16 pp.) Sampling was carried out for benthic
macroinvertebrate fauna, algal flora, and water quality in June and September
1976 at eight stations on Dents Run and on two stations on adjacent Robinson
Run which resembled the pretreatment conditions in Dents Run. Biota found in
Dents Run showed that the stream was recovering from acid mine drainage
pollution. CE365
M77-5 AN AQUATIC BIOLOGY STUDY OF ROARING CREEK, RANDOLPH COUNTY, WEST
VIRGINIA
Academic Associates, Inc., Report to U.S. EPA, Industrial Environmental
Research Laboratory, Cincinnati, Ohio, Contract No. CA-6-99-3323-A (undated,
issued Nov. 1977). (15 pp.) Collections of benthic macroinvertebrates made
in a single sampling of selected segments of Roaring Creek were compared to
reports of two different collection periods on the stream. Water quality data
were also recorded for the sampling stations. The report concluded that "from
the available data, the headwaters have greatly deteriorated down to station
R5, while below R5 faunal diversity shows less decline and populations have
greatly increased since 1970." CE364
M77-6 STOCHASTIC PREDICTION OF SEDIMENT YIELDS FROM STRIP MINE SPOILS OF
THE ARID SOUTHWEST
Auernhamer, M. E., Fogel, M. M., Hekman, L. H.,Jr., and Thames, J* L.
(University of Arizona, School of Renewable Natural Resources), in "Hydrology
and Water Resources in Arizona and the Southwest," Volume 7, Proceedings of
the 1977 meetings of the Arizona Section of the American Water Resources
41
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M77-6 (continued)
Association and the Hydrology Section of the Arizona Academy of Science, held
in Las Vegas, Nevada, April 15-16, 1977. pp 33-40. Mathematical simulation
of the erosion process is accomplished by using a time series of hydrologic
parameters as inputs into a modified form of the Universal Soil Loss Equation.
A parameter to account for antecedent moisture conditions was found to
improve the predictive success of the Universal Soil Loss Equation. The
simulation predicts sediment yield resulting from a stochastic sequence of
precipitation events on an experimental watershed. This sediment model will
be used as a component in a larger, more complex hydrologic simulation model
which can be used to determine optimum reclamation practices for the strip
mined areas of the arid Southwest. Data from regraded strip mine spoils at
the Black Mesa of Arizona are used in calibrating the model. (Authors'
abstract) CE678
M77-7 AUTOMATIC WATER-TREATMENT PLANT
Colliery Guardian 225 (10), 794-795 (Oct. 1977). The plant to treat water at
the Silverdale Colliery, Newcastle-under-Lyme, Great Britain, is designed to
run continuously with an attendant only during the day shift. The water is
treated with lime, the sludge thickened with aid of a polyelectrolyte
flocculant, and then filtered. The automation of each step in the process is
described. Jour, CE406a
M77-8 OUTFLOW IN THE SOUTHERN ANTHRACITE COALFIELD, PENNSYLVANIA
Baskin, L. and Mead, J. (Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources),
Coal Mine Drainage Research, Seventh Symposium Preprints, Louisville, Ky., by
National Coal Association and Bituminous Coal Research, Inc., Oct. 18-20,
1977. pp 124-138. The ground surface recharge area above the Middle Creek
Mine Pool in Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania, is about 1,030 acres, 522 of
which were strip mined and left unrestored. Reclamation consisted of terrace
type backfilling of 400 acres of strip mines, construction of 15,050 linear
feet of diversion ditches above the highwall to direct surface runoff away
from the restored areas, and construction of 16,050 feet of stream channels.
Limited monitoring of the pool outflow since the project has been completed
indicates approximate reductions in acidity by 74 percent, in sulphates by 73
percent, in iron by 88 percent, and in the discharge rate by 30 percent.
628-2 C652, CE738
M77-9 COAL AND COAL MINE DRAINAGE (LITERATURE REVIEW)
Boyer, J. F. and Gleason, V. E. (Bituminous Coal Research, Inc.), J. Water
Pollution Control Federation 4£ (6), 1163-1172 (1977). There are seventy-six
references in this review of the literature appearing in 1976. Jour, CE642
M77-10 MEASUREMENT AND MODELING OF STORM WATER RUNOFF FROM COAL STORAGE
PILES AND THE IMPACT ON RECEIVING WATERS
Brookman, G. T., Binder, J. J., and Wade, W. A., Ill (TRC - THE RESEARCH
CORPORATION of New England), Coal Mine Drainage Research, Seventh Symposium
42
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M77-10 (continued)
Preprints, Louisville, Ky., by National Coal Association and Bituminous Coal
Research, Inc., Oct. 18-20, 1977. pp 194-222. Presented are the highlights
of the coal fired utility storm water measurement program conductd by TRC for
EPA to evaluate waterborne fugitive emissions (non-point sources) in
relationship to industrial activities. Data are presented from field studies
of the Warren and Portland Stations in Pennsylvania. Included is a
description of the Short Storm Water Management Model which was modified for
predicting runoff from coal-fired utilities and its application to the sites
measured. CE743
M77-11 LONG-TERM ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTIVENESS OF CLOSE DOWN PROCEDURES -
EASTERN UNDERGROUND COAL MINES
Bucek, M. F. and Emel, J. L., HRB-Singer, Inc., Report to U.S. EPA, Industrial
Environmental Research Laboratory, Cincinnati, Ohio, Interagency Energy-
Environment Research and Development Program Report, EPA-600/7-77-083 (Aug.
1977). 152 pp. OTIS, PB-272 373/2BE. The sixty-five mine sites selected for
the study represented a cross section of geological and mining frameworks, and
covered all the known closure techniques. Available water quality and
quantity monitoring records for pre- and post-closure periods and data on
physical and mining character of the mines were compiled and complemented by
determination of the major chemical pollutants on samples collected at the
sites during wet and dry seasons. Overall, the closures were found to reduce
acidity and increase alkalinity of mine drainage. Effluents from flooded
shaft/elope and drift mines showed generally, although not consistently,
better quality than discharges from open, air- or dry-sealed, or partially
flooded updip drift mines. The closures for more than half of the sites
reversed or reduced trends of increasing pollutants, augmented already
decreasing trends, and reduced variations in fluctuations of the water
quality. The effect of closures on water quality improvement was found to be
determined predominately by the physical and mining framework of the sites and
less by the closure technology. (Adapted from authors' abstract) EPA, CE328
M77-12 INTERCONNECTION OF SURFACE AND UNDERGROUND WATER RESOURCES IN
SOUTHEAST DURHAM
Cairney, T. and Hamill, L. (Teesside Polytechnic, U.K.), J. Hydrology ^3_
(1/2), 73-86 (1977), In this study, the River Skerne was shown to be becoming
a major source of recharge for the underlying Magneslan Limestone aquifer.
The volume of water pumped from Mainsforth Colliery and discharged directly to
the river waa identified in the data collected to measure river flow. CE485
M77-13 PALEOENVIRONMENT OF COAL AND ITS RELATION TO DRAINAGE QUALITY
Caruccio, F. T,, Perm, J. C., Home, J., Geidel, G., and Baganz, B.,
University of South Carolina, Report to U.S. EPA, Industrial Environmental
Research Laboratory, Cincinnati, Ohio, Interagency Energy-Environment Research
43
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M77-I3 (continued)
and Development Program Report, EPA-600/7-77-067 (June 1977). 118 pp. NTIS,
PB-270 080/5BE. For the area studied in eastern Kentucky, strata which
produce acidic drainages are characterized as having most of the pyrite in the
framboidal form and a paucity of a natural water buffering capacity and are
associated with lower delta plain-back barrier sequences. On the other hand,
strata which produce low to high sulfate-neutral drainages also contain
framboidal pyrite but are associated with highly buffered alkaline-water
systems in alluvial-upper delta plain sequences. Thus, the distribution of
framboidal pyrite, in combination with the concentration of alkalinity of
natural waters, determines the quality of drainage from various strata. This
Study showed that both of these parameters were identified and correlated with
the paleo-environment of the coals. It appears, therefore, that mapping coals
in the context of their depositional environments provides a tool that can be
used to approximate the quality of drainage that can be expected from a mine
sited in a particular stratigraphic horizon. (From authors' Results) EPA,
CE293
M77-14 PEROXIDE OXIDATION OF IRON IN COAL MINE DRAINAGE
Cole, C. A. (1), Molinski, A. E. (2), Rieg, N. (2), and Backus, F. (3) [(1)
The Pennsylvania State University, Middletown Campus, (2) Pennsylvania
Department of Environmental Resources and (3) E. E. DuPont DeNemours & Co.,
Wilmington, Delaware], J. Water Pollution Control Federation W_ (7), 1616-1620
(1977). Alkaline drainage from the closed-down Wildwood Mine in Allegheny
County, Pennsylvania, was treated with hydrogen peroxide .at an average dosage
rate of 6.6 mg/1. Total iron removed averaged 89 percent. Sludge was settled
without need for coagulants, although an anionic polyelectrolyte evaluated
during a short time was found to be effective in settling the floe. Costs of
the procedure are discussed. JOUR, CE318
M77-15 EFFECTS OF COAL MINING ON GROUND AND SURFACE WATER QUALITY,
MONQNGALIA COUNTY, WEST VIRGINIA
Corbett, R. G. (University of Akron, Department of Geology), The Science of
the Total Environment £ (1), 21-38 (1977). It was found that water in areas
disturbed by mining had hardness of the calcium-sulfate or calcium-magnesium—
sulfate type, was low in pH, high in iron and aluminum, and contained trace
elements at a level of one or more orders of magnitude greater than water from
unmined lands. CE420
M77-16 QUALITY AND TREATMENT OF COAL PILE RUNOFF
Cox, D. B., Chu, T.-Y. J., and Ruane, R. J. (TVA, Division of Environmental
Planning), Coal Mine Drainage Research, Seventh Symposium Preprints,
Louisville, Ky., by National Coal Association and Bituminous Coal Research,
Inc., Oct. 18-20, 1977. pp 232-255. TVA has established, at two coal-fired
steam plants, programs to provide a characterization of drainage from coal
storage piles. Data are given on the hydrology and chemical and physical
44
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M77-16 (continued)
characteristics including acidity, pH, solids, iron, maganese, and trace
elements- Studies using ash pond water for neutralization were conducted and
it appears that transfer of the coal pile runoff to an ash pond, where
neutralization and precipitation occur, will provide adequate treatment.
CE745
M77-17 SOME HYDROGEOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF HILLSIDES IN SOUTH WALES
Daughtoo, G., Noake, J. S., and Siddle, H. J. (Sir William Halcrow and
Partners, Mid Glamorgan, Wales), in Proceedings of a Conference on Rock
Engineering, organized jointly by the British Geotechnical Society and
University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Department of Mining Engineering, held at
the University of Newcastle upon Tyne, England, April 4-7, 1977. pp 423-439.
Approximately 120 tips and tip complexes in South Wales were investigated. It
became apparent that a study of the hydrogeology was a pre-requisite of an
accurate assessment of tip security. This paper outlines some of the
hydrogeological aspects involved, together with the cost benefit of the
investigative techniques used. References to specific examples are given from
some of the geologically more interesting sites. A number of diagrams are
used to identify many geological elements of the study area. Subsidence
patterns, fissure trends, and assessment of aquifer characteristics were an
important part of this investigation. (From authors* Introduction) 550. R68,
D284
M77-18 WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT GUIDANCE FOR MINE-RELATED POLLUTION SOURCES
(NEW, CURRENT, AND ABANDONED)
Deely, P-» U.S. EPA, Water Planning Division, EPA-440/3-77-027 (Dec. 1977).
212 pp. NTIS, Pfc-280 625. Guidance information and direction is offered to
State and local water quality management (WQM) agencies dealing with
prevention and control of water pollution from new, current and/or abandoned
mine-related pollution sources under the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency's 208 Program. Aspects of mine-related water Quality Management Plan
development which are separately explained and discussed include water
pollution source identification and assessment, current source control,
identification and use of "Best Management Practices", abandoned source
abatement, new source planning, and continuing water quality planning and
management. Information presented includes mining regulatory control system
features needed for effective water pollution prevention control, basic mining
water pollution control principles, and distinctions between point sources and
oonpoint sources. (Author's abstract) CE692F
H77-19 RECOVERY OF SANITARY-INDICATOR BACTERIA FROM STREAMS CONTAINING ACID
MINE WATER
Double, M. L., West Virginia University, M.S. Thesis, 1977. 117 pp. NTIS,,
PB-2B8 156/3WP. Improved membrane filtration methods for better recovery of
45
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M77-19 (continued)
sanitary-indicator organisms front aquatic environments containing acid mine
water were evaluated. Comparison of the recovery efficiency of various
methods used to enumerate colifomi bacteria from water indicated that, in
general, multiple-tube fermentation techniques gave superior recovery of
coliforms than did the membrane filtration procedures. However, the use of
resuscitation broth as an enrichment medium greatly improved the recovery
efficiency of the membrane filtration technique. A difference was found in
the effectiveness of three membrane filter brands studied. Other methods used
to improve the membrane filtration efficiency, such as sample pH adjustments
with various basic solutions, proved ineffective. Qualitative studies of the
Hartman Run drainage area showed that acid mine water may produce .a
differential inhibitory effect to members of the Enterobacteriaceae. In
addition, the use of a two-step enrichment procedure improved the recovery of
certain genera, namely, Klebsiella. Thus, it is recoranended that enrichment
techniques be adopted to aid in assessing the sanitary quality of water.
(From author's abstract) CE164F
M77-20 EFFECT OF STRIP MINING ON WATER QUALITY IN SMALL STREAMS IN EASTERN
KENTUCKY
Dyer, K. L. and Curtis, W. R. , U.S. Department of Agriculture, Northeastern
Forest Experiment Station, Forest Service Research Paper NE-372 (1977).
13 pp. Eight years of streamflow data are analyzed to show the effects of
strip mining on chemical quality of water in six first-order streams in
Breathitt County, Kentucky. All these watersheds were unmined in August,
1967, but five have since been strip mined. The accumulated data from this
case history study indicate that strip mining causes large increases In the
concentrations of most major dissolved constituents in the runoff waters, the
concentration of most of these reaching a maximum some time after mining has
ceased, then holding stady for several years. The maximum concentration of
dissolved salts occured during the low flow of the dormant season, whereas
maximum salt loads occurred during the high flow of the early part of the
growing season. (Authors' abstract) CE553
M77-21 THE EFFECTS OF MINE ACID ON THE POND RIVER WATERSHED IN WESTERN
KENTUCKY
Dyer, R. (Western Kentucky University), Water Resources Bulletin 13 (5),
1069-1074 (Oct. 1977). Some of the effects of drainage from mines in the
watershed are typical orange deposits on stream banks and beds, and the
mortality of water-tolerant plants and trees in swampy areas receiving mine
waters. CE559
M77-22 ELKINS MINE DRAINAGE POLLUTION CONTROL DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
Edited by FEDCo Environmental, Inc., U.S. EPA, Industrial Environmental
Research Laboratory, Resource Extraction and Handling Division, Cincinnati,
-------
M77-22 (continued)
Ohio, Interagency Energy-Environment Research and Development Program Report,
EPA-600/ 7-77-090 (Aug. 1977). 316 pp. NTIS, PB-272 896/2BE. This report
describes a project funded in 196i and carried out jointly by U.S. Bureau of
Mines, U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Sport Fisheries and Wildlife (now U.S.
Fish and Wildlife Service), U.S. EPA, and the state of West Virginia. The
report includes detailed background information on the mine drainage problem,
the legislation and funding, the project site, and project objectives;
baseline information on prereclamation conditions at the site; reclamation and
revegetation procedures used, with Information on costs of equipment and
operations; and details of the information gathered in several site
assessments conducted since the project ended in 1967. Among the conclusions
are that the underground mine in the study area could not be sealed
successfully ; the success of water diversion could not be evaluated because of
the lack of data; reclamation of surface mines in areas where there were no
effects from underground mining showed the greatest improvement; acid drainage
and pollution loads were highly dependent on precipitation; there were varying
degrees of biological recovery in formerly acid streams where water quality
was improved. (Adapted from Introduction and Summary and Conclusions of the
report) EPA, CE326
M77-23 THE IMPACT OF COAL SURFACE MINING UPON PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES
Emel, J- L>» T^6 Pennsylvania state University, Department of Geography, M.S.
Thesis, 1977. 110 pp. Redbank Creek watershed in Clarion County,
Pennsylvania, Includes seven public water utilities and also represents mining
history and conditions in the bituminous coal fields. Data from the seven
utilities were obtained from files in the Pennsylvania State Archives and
these data were augmented by data from the literature on water quality at
other points in the watershed. Results of regression analyses indicated a
relationship between the total amount of land disturbed by surface mining and
concentration of sulfate, iron, and manganese in both surface and ground
water, acidity and total hardness in surface water, and alkalinity in ground
water. The report also Includes case histories of each of the water
utilities, and discussion of legislation and other legal constraints on mining
to control water quality. CE383
M77-24 ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS OF THE NEW-SOURCE NPDES PERMIT PROGRAM FOR THE
WEST VIRGINIA SURFACE COAL MINING INDUSTRY, 1977-1980
Jack McConnick & Associates, Inc., A Subsidiary of WAPORA, Inc., Final Report
to U.S. EPA Region III, EPA-903/9-78-002 (March 1977). 219 pp. NTIS
PB-277 974. Thla report (1) describes existing conditions and trends in the
surface coal mining industry, (2) identifies known environmentally sensitive
resources throughout the State, (3) comments on the probable future flow of
applications for new-source NPDES (National Pollutant Discharge Elimination
System) permits and on policy alternatives which must be specified by U.S. EPA
as the new program is implemented, and (4) presents the conclusions and
recouMendations of the consultant for implementation of the NPDES program.
(From author's abstract) EPA, CE562
47
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M77-25 FEDERAL, STATE AND LOCAL REGULATORY POWERS AFFECTING ENERGY
PROCESSING AND RELATED DEVELOPMENT IN THE APPALACHIAN REGION
Hlttman Associates, Inc., Report HIT-672 to Appalachian Regional
Commission, Report ARC 76-82/CO-4534 (Feb. 1977). EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 40 pp.
Vol.1. COMPILATION OF REGULATORY POWERS 392 pp. Vol.11. EVALUATION OF
REGULATORY POWERS 400 pp. This study addresses economic and procedural
problems related to the multi-level permitting process which must be complied
with in developing U.S. energy resources. The study identifies, categorizes,
and describes, within a single compilation, all Federal, state and local
regulatory powers which affect the energy flow chain within the Appalachian
Region. It evaluates the application of selected regulatory powers and
identifies areas where bureaucratic bottle-necks exist, and thus determines
how the social, economic, environmental and related needs of the Appalacian
people are being served by existing powers and institutions. It also makes
specific policy recommendations which address the major existing and
prospective regulatory problems facing the region. (From Executive Summary,
Overview) 311.5 H67
M77-26 TREATMENT OF PRECIPITATION RUNOFF FROM COAL STORAGE PILES
Ferraro, F. A. (American Electric Power Service Corporation, Environmental
Engineering Division), Coal Mine Drainage Research, Seventh Symposium
Preprints, Louisville, Ky., by National Coal Association and Bituminous Coal
Research, Inc., Oct. 18-20, 1977. pp 223-231. Coal pile runoff treatment
plants are described for two coal transfer facilities operated by American
Electric Power. The Belpre Coal Storage Area involves storage of high sulfur
Ohio coals and the runnoff requires lime neutralization and settling. At the
Cook Coal Terminal, low sulfur western coals are handled and the runoff
treatment system consists of primary settling, addition of a coagulant aid,
and final settling. CE744
M77-27 TIME AS A FACTOR IN ACID MINE DRAINAGE POLLUTION
Geidel, G. and Caruccio, F. T. (University of South Carolina, Department of
Geology), Coal Mine Drainage Research, Seventh Symposium Preprints,
Louisville, Ky., by National Coal Association and Bituminous Coal Research,
Inc., Oct. 18-20, 1977. pp 41-50. The chemical reactions that are involved
in the dlsulfide oxidation and the conversion of the weathering products to
acidity and the reaction of the calcareous material in the overburden with
water to produce alkalinity are discussed. In this discussion it is assumed
that the infiltrating waters contact the alkaline producing material before
contacting the acid material. The kinetics of both systems are markedly
different and the concentrations of acid or alkalinity are time dependent.
The authors found the amount of acidity produced by frequent flushings was
less than that produced by flushings which were done at longer time intervals.
Regardless of the time interval of flushing, the maximum alkalinity produced
by calcareous material in the section is rapidly achieved and remains
relatively constant. Subsequently, frequent flushings of acidic material
prevent the accumulation of oxidation products and produce mildly acidic
drainages that can be neutralized by the available alkalinity. On the other
48
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M77-27 (continued)
hand, infrequent flushings solubilize larger concentrations of oxidation
products producing strongly acidic solutions which overwhelm the available
alkalinity and produce acid mine drainage. 626.2 C652, CE732
M77-28 DIGITAL SIMULATION OF THE YIELD POTENTIAL OF THE ELLIOT PARK-BURGOON
AQUIFER IN EASTERN CLEARFIELD AND WESTERN CENTRE COUNTIES,
PENNSYLVANIA
Gerhart, J- M. and Parizek, R. R., The Pennsylvania State University, College
of Earth and Mineral Sciences, Special Research Report SR-113 (March 1, 1977).
162 pp. In the preliminary evaluation of the aquifer potential of a portion
of a thick, sandstone sequence underlying the coal-bearing strata in west-
central Pennsylvania an estimate of the yield potential of the aquifer was
obtained through the use of a finite difference, ground-water flow, digital
computer model. In addition, an investigation of the quality of ground water
in the aquifer was conducted to determine the effect of acid mine drainage on
that water. It indicated the quality of mine waters to be poor, but the
ground water quality was not yet adversely affected. (Adapted from authors'
Summary of Results) 662.6 PA
M77-29 MICROSCOPIC VARIETIES OF PYRITE IN WEST VIRGINIA COALS
Grady, W. C. (West Virginia University, Coal Research Bureau), Trans. AIME 262
(1), 268-274 (March 1977). Also presented at SHE Fall Meeting, Denver,
Colorado, Sept. 1976. Preprint 76F315. Petrographlc examination of 29
samples from 22 major West Virginia coal seaoa showed four common modes of
microscopic occurrence: massive, patches, frambolds, and isolated euhedral
crystals. Massive pyrites were the most conmon type in the coals examined,
and were three times more abundant in West Virginia's northern coals than in
southern coals, accounting for part of the higher sulfur in the northern
coals. Patches were the second most prevalent type found. Quantities of
patches, framboids, and isolated crystals were relatively constant throughout
the coals examined. (Adapted from author's Summary) Jour, CE646
M77-30 REMOTE SENSING OF EFFECTS OF LAND USE PRACTICES ON WATER QUALITY
Graves, D. H. and Coltharp, G. B., University of Kentucky Research Foundation,
Final Report for the period Oct.-May 1977 to U.S. National Aeronautics and
Space Administration, George C. Marshall Space Flight Center, Contract No.
NAS8-31006, May 31, 1977. (159 pp.) NTIS, N77-26581. Manual photo
interpretation techniques were utilized to stratify six watersheds located in
the Cumberland Plateau region of eastern Kentucky into vegetative types. Land
uses present within the study area were reclaimed surface mining and forestry.
Sane correlation between densitometrlc data and some water quality parameters
measured in the watersheds existed but ground conditions were not diverse
enough to allow meaningful extension of apparent correlations into areas other
than the study area. (From authors' abstract) CE672F
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M77-31 ONSITE CONTROL OF SEDIMENTATION UTILIZING THE MODIFIED BLOCK- CUT
METHOD OF SURFACE MINING
Haan, C. T., University of Kentucky, Kentucky Department of Natural Resources
and Environmental Protection, and Watkins and Associates, Inc., Report to U.S.
EPA, Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory, Cincinnati, Ohio,
Interagency Energy-Environment Research and Development Program Report,
EPA-600/7-77-068 (July 1977). 101 pp. NTIS, PB-272 244. A detailed survey,
including a geologic investigation, was conducted at the project site, on Lower
Lick Fork, Perry and Letcher Counties, Kentucky. The preliminary plans
presented in this report include a description of the method, construction
design and schedule, projected mine water quality and quantity, and estimates
of capital and operating costs. CE320
M77-32 A GENERIC STUDY OF STRIP MINING IMPACTS ON GROUNDWATER RESOURCES
Hamilton, D. A. and Wilson, J. L., Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
Ralph M. Parsons Laboratory for Hater Resources and Hydrodynamics, Report No.
229 (Sept. 1977). 156 pp. NTIS, MIT-EL-77-017. Features of the Northern
Great Plains Coal Regions examined are reclaimed mine geometry, relative
transmissivity between the reclaimed spoil and the surrounding unmined coal-
bed aquifer, anisotrophy, the gravity-sorted rubble layer, coal wedges left
between trench cuts, and the position and size of an operational mine in the
regional flow system. A finite element computer model was used to simulate
the groundwater flow field in relation to local hydrology, interior flow, and
regional hydrology. Regional location is found to be the most important.
factor in the influence of an operational mine on groundwater resources.
Relative transmissivity is the most important factor in determining the
influence of a reclaimed mine. When present, the rubble layer dominates the
flow pattern through the mine spoil. The coal wedges are apparently of little
hydrologic consequence. Equidimensional mine shapes are preferred to
elongated shapes because they induce the least amount of flow through spoil
per unit extracted coal. (From authors' abstract) CE362
M77-33 COAL MINING AND SURFACE WATER QUALITY: CROWSNEST PASS, ALBERTA AND
BRITISH COLUMBIA - PRELIMINARY DATA
Harrison, J. E., in Geological Survey of Canada, Report of Activities Part A,
Paper 77-1A (1977). pp 319-322. Available, Geological Survey of Canada, 601
Booth Street, Ottawa, K1A OE8. $7.20 outside of Canada. Sampling was carried
out at 14 stations on drainages from abandoned underground mines, 12 ponds in
abandoned surface mines, and nine streams originating in surface-mined areas.
Seven samples from underground drainages were red from precipitated iron,
while water from four ponds and six streams showed varying amounts of
suspended sediment. The tabulated data give field observations on color of
suspended sediment, pH, and dissolved oxygen, and also laboratory observations
on color, turbidity, pH, suspended solids, specific conductance, total
alkalinity, total hardness, and concentrations of Fe, Mn, K, Ca, SO,, Si, Na,
and organic and inorganic carbon. The data show that as a result or coal
50
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M77-33 (continued)
mining, total dissolved solids, alkalinity, and hardness, and iron and sulfate
are increased in mine waters, and that suspended solids are increased in water
from surface mines. 550. C212, CE619
M77-3A EPA SETS WATER POLLUTION LIMITS
Heenan, H. T. (Kilcullen, Smith & Heenan), Coal Age 82 (7), Ul (1977). The
Final Effluent Limitation Guidelines, effective July~T, 1977, for coal mine
and preparation plant effluents, require permits before discharging water.
There is a tabulation of the limitation of total iron, manganese and suspended
solids, «nd PH 1° dischargee under various conditions. Jour, CE280
M77-35 CROUNDWATER RE-ESTABLISHMENT IN CAST OVERBURDEN
Herring, W. C. (AMAX Coal Company), Coal Mine Drainage Research, Seventh
Symposium Preprints, Louisville, Ky., by National Coal Association and
Bituminous Coal Research, Inc., Oct. 18-20, 1977. pp 71-87. This discussion
of ground water re-establishment in surface mi tied areas in the Illinois Basin
is based primarily on existing publications. Some data from new but limited
hydrologic studies conducted by AMAX Coal Company is also presented. In most
cases the overburden has a neutralization potential exceeding the acid-
producing potential and the ground water in the cast overburden will have a
somewhat higher dissolved solids content than in adjacent nondisCurbed
formations. As would be expected the cast overburden aquifers have greater
transmisslvitiea, greater recharge, and greater discharge than do aquifers in
the unmined overburden. 628.2 C652, CE735
M77-36 HOW MINE WATER IS CLARIFIED AT SILVERDALE COLLIERY
Mine and Quarry 6 (7/8), 6, 8 (July/Aug. 1977). The process Includes lime
neutralization, ¥ludge thickening with polyelectrolyte, and vacuum filtration
of the sludge. Filter cake composition is given and automatic control of the
various process steps is described. Jour, CE99
M77-37 FLOWS OF SODIUM POTASSIUM, MAGNESIUM AND CALCIUM IN THE R. CYNON, S.
WALES
Hughes, B. D. and Edwards, R. W. (University of Wales, Institute of Science
and Technology), Water Research jj., 563-566 (1977). Amounts of Na, K, Mg, and
Ca have been determined at 10 sampling stations on the river. The differences
in the concentrations of these elements have been attributed to the geology of
the drainage area and to the ground water pumped into the river from the
marine coal deposits. CEA29
M77-38 APPLICATION OF RESIDUALS MANAGEMENT FOR ASSESSING THE IMPACTS OF
ALTERNATIVE COAL-DEVELOPMENT PLANS ON REGIONAL WATER RESOURCES
James, I- C., II (1) and STEELE, T. D. (2) [U.S. Geological Survey (1) Reaton,
Va. and (2) Lakewood, Colo.], Third International Hydrology Symposium,
51
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M77-38 (continued)
Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, June 27-29, 1977. 23 pp.
Results of analyses of samples of the Oak Creek drainage in the Yampa River
basin show the effects of mine drainage in higher concentrations of total and
dissolved iron and manganese, total cadmium, and dissolved copper and nickel.
CE529
M77-39 PROGRESS IN METHODOLOGY OF THE LIGNITE MINE WATERS PURIFICATION
Janiak, H. (Central Research and Design Institute for Opencast Mining,
Poland), Coal Mine Drainage Research, Seventh Symposium Preprints, Louisville
Ky., by National Coal Association and Bitumnous Coal Research, Inc., Oct. *
18-20, 1977. pp 139-149. Data are given on the classes of purity for Polish
water courses and reservoirs and on typical water quality of Polish lignite
mines. Purification of mine waters in Poland is limited to reducing the
excessive concentration of suspended solids. Research on the use of gamma
radiation and flocculation to remove suspended solids was conducted in
cooperation with U.S. EPA and is described in this paper. 628.2 C652, CE739
M77-40 THE IMPORTANCE OF A LAKE'S LITTORAL ZONE AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO MINE
POND RECLAMATION
Joseph, T. W. (Ecology Consultants, Inc.), in "Reclamation for Wildlife
Habitat" Proceedings of Reclamation Workshop II, sponsored by ERT Ecology
Consultants, Inc., Fort Collins, Colorado, Sept. 19-20, 1977. pp 50-63,
This paper advocates the development of ponds, where water quality permits, on
reclaimed land rather than always returning the area to the approximate
original contour. As part of the construction, shallow areas should be
constructed outward from the shore for support of emergent and submergent
aquatic macrophyte production. CE768
M77-41 NEW TRENDS OF RESEARCH IN PROTECTION AGAINST MINE WATER
Kapolyi, L., Publications of the Hungarian Mining Research Institute, No. 20
(1977). pp 39-46. This paper Is concerned with procedures for preventing
miners and mining equipment from the inrush of ground water in underground
mines that are located well within a highly permeable ground water system. It
is postulated that by local pumping that follows advance continuously, less
water will have to be lifted than by regional dewaterlng. CE722
M77-42 WATER QUALITY OF SELECTED STREAMS IN THE COAL AREA OF SOUTHEASTERN
MONTANA
Knapton, J. R. and McKinley, P. W., U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources
Division, Helena, Montana, USGS/WRD/WRI-77/062, USGS/WRI-77-80 (Sept. 1977).
145 pp. NTIS, PB-273 028. Data collected over a two-year period at 35 sites
on Armells, Mizpah, Pumpkin, Rosebud, and Sarpy Creeks and the Tongue River
include measurements of major dissolved constituents, plant nutrients, trace
elements, water discharge, suspended sediment, and water temperature. Data
52
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M77-42 (continued)
are graphed and tabulated for each sampling station, and conditions in each
drainage basin and their relation to water quality are discussed. US Geol,
CE177
M77-43 WATER AND RELATED PROBLEMS IN COAL-MINE AREAS OF ALABAMA
Knight, A. L. and Newton, J. G., U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources
Division, USGS/WRI-76-130, USGS/WRD/WRI-77/051 (April 1977). 51 pp. NTIS,
PB-271 527. The geology and hydrology of Alabama coal fields are described
and surface and underground coal mining methods are outlined. Problems
associated with mining of bituminous coal from the Pottsville formation
discussed in this report include erosion and sedimentation, flooding, decline
in ground water level, diversion of drainage, subsidence, water quality, and
vegetation. Both relevant conditions reported in the literature and
representative examples of problems of mining reflected in legal action are
discussed. CE36
M77-44 MEDIATION OF ACID STRIP MINE POLLUTION BY THE ATTEMPTED INHIBITION OF
THE IRON-OXIDIZING AUTOTROPH, THIOBACILLUS FERROOXIDANS
Kugatow, M. A., The Pennsylvania State University, D.Ed. Thesis, 1977. 62pp.
University Microfilms, 78-3339. Counts were made of the numbers of sulfur-
and iron-oxidizing bacteria and total heterotrophic microorganisms present in
samples taken from three strip-mined areas during the period from the summer
of 1973 through the summer and fall of 1974. In untreated soils, those with
low soil pH were high in iron-oxidizing autotrophs and vice versa, but no
correlations were observed between pH and numbers of sulfur-oxidizing
bacteria* With partial neutralization there was usually, but not always, a
decrease in iron-oxidizing bacteria, and, in some cases, a stimulation of
sulfur-oxidizing bacteria. While the use of an inhibitor which was very
effective in the laboratory generally lowered the numbers of iron-oxidising
bacteria in the field, the effect was transitory. Treatments with inhibitors
did not affect numbers of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, nor did they affect
either the pH or total acidity of the soil. (Adapted from author's Summary)
628.2 K95, CE638
M77-45 IMPACT OF GOB AND POWER-PLANT ASH DISPOSAL ON GROUND WATER QUALITY
AND ITS CONTROL
Libicki, J« (Central Research and Design Institute for Opencast Mining,
Poland), Coal Mine Drainage Research, Seventh Symposium Preprints, Louisville,
Ky., by National Coal Association and Bituminous Coal Research, Inc., Oct.
18-20, 1977. pp 165-184. Strip-mine pits are receiving wider use for the
disposal of mine gob and power-plant ash. Such use Incurs the possibility of
ground-water pollution with substances leached from the disposed waste
material. The objectives of the project described in this paper, which was
jointly funded by POLTEGOR (Poland) and U.S. EPA, were to determine the
influence of gob and fly ash disposal on ground-water quality, to prepare
53
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M77-45 (continued)
procedures to ameliorate the influence of the storage on ground water and
reclamation, and to provide recommendations for investigation and monitoring
systems. 628.2 C652, CE741
M77-46 SODA ASH TREATMENT OF NEUTRALIZED MINE DRAINAGE
Long, D. A., Butler, J. L., and Lenkevich, M. J., Gwin, Dobson & Foreman,
Inc., Report to U.S. EPA, Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory,
Cincinnati, Ohio, Environmental Protection Technology Series, EPA-600/2-77-09Q
(May 1977). 73 pp. NTIS, PB-272 760/OBE. The objective of this study, which
was conducted from August to December, 1974 and for a short time in 1975, was
to evaluate the technical and economic feasibility of softening neutralized
acid mine drainage waters by means of the cold lime/soda ash process. The
study was conducted full-scale at the Altoona Treatment Plant near the
Horseshoe Curve area in Pennsylvania. Unit processes employed at the plant
consisted of liae neutralization, aeration, settling, soda ash softening,
recarbonation, and filtration. The results generally indicated that the
desired quality could be achieved. Costs of producing effluents of several
different qualities are given in 1975 dollars. CE316
M77-47 LATEST RESULTS OF RESEARCH WORK IN HUNGARY CONCERNING THE PROTECTION
OP MINES AGAINST WATER INTRUSION
Hartos, F., Publications of the Hungarian Mining Research Institute, No. 20
(1977). pp 20-37. One of the major problems facing the Hungarian mining
industry concerns the danger to man and equipment from flooding. This paper
describes the problem and presents a simple model for calculating the water
yield considering the interrelation between components of a triple system of
aquifer, protective layer and mining pit. CE721
M77-48 REMOTE SEALING OF MINE PASSAGES CONTAINING FLOWING WATER
Maser, K. R. (to The United States of America as represented by the Secretary
of the Interior), U.S. Pat. 4,000,621 (Jan. 4, 1977). 4 pp. Underground
passages having water flowing therein are sealed remotely from the surface by
first emplacing an aggregate layer on the passage floor through a borehole to
a depth sufficient to allow the flowing water to percolate through the
aggregate without overflowing it. Fly ash, either alone or admixed with
cement or a swelling clay, Is then pneumatically injected into the passage
atop the aggregate. Finally, water flow is closed off by injecting a
cementitious grout into the aggregate layer. (Abstract of the disclosure) US
Pat, CE312
M77-49 REMOTE SEALING OF MINE PASSAGES CONTAINING FLOWING WATER
Maser, K. R. (to The United States of America as represented by the Secretary
of the Interior), U.S. Patent 4,000,621 (Jan. 4, 1977). 4 pp. The patent
includes as a claim the control of acid water flowing through mines to
decrease or prevent pollution of surface water. US Pat, CE312
54
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M77-50 CHEMICAL LIMNOLOGY OF AN ACID MINE DRAINAGE SLUDGE SETTLING
IMPOUNDMENT
McDonald, D. G., Sr. (Peabody Coal Company), Coal Mine Drainage Research.
Seventh Symposium Preprints, Louisville, Ky., by National Coal Association and
Bituminous Coal Research, Inc., Oct. 18-20, 1977. pp 104-123. A strlpmine
lake in southeastern Illinois was intensely studied from February to August
1972 to (1) characterize chemical and physical stratification; (2) determine
the "stability" of stratification and O) assess the relationship between
Impoundment stratification and the primary influent source - neutralized acid
mine drainage from the Will Scarlet water treatment plant (USEPA - Peabody
Coal Company Project No. 14010 DAX). The sludge settling impoundment wae
characterized as a unique example of an artificially Induced crenogenlc
meromlctlc (partly-mixing) Impoundment. Dichotomized pH stratification and
the subsequent accumulation of iron (ferrous) bicarbonates in the lower strata
indicated that the origin and maintenance of impoundment meromixis was
directly related to the deposition of Iron hydroxides from the neutralization
process as per the impoundment's intended use. (From author's abstract)
628.2 C652, CE737
M77-51 RAPID ANALYSIS OF ACID MINE DRAINAGE
McMillan, B. G., Akers, D. J., and Colabrese, J. F. (West Virginia University,
Coal Research Bureau), Mining Congress Journal £3 (5), 28-33 (May 1977). The
portable colorimetric filter photometer which is described provides reasonably
accurate results on site and permits following quickly the fluctuations In
quality of mine drainage. The on-site photometer was tested for accuracy
against a sophisticated laboratory colorimetric photometer and an atomic
absorption (AA) apectrophotometer in analysing for constituents of acid mine
drainage, Al, Cu, Fe(total), Mg, and Ni. Sulfate could not be determined by
the AA> The percent of error for the two photometric methods was similar in
most analyses. CE247
M77-52 STRIP MINES AND FLUVIAL SYSTEMS: GEOMORPHIC EFFECTS AND
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT IN NORTHEASTERN OKLAHOMA
Meleen, N. H., Clark University, Worcester, Massachusetts, Ph.D. Thesis, 1977.
264 pp- The study is carried out in Spencer Creek basin, northeastern Rogers
County and examines three categories of changes in fluvial systems produced by
strip mining: (1) catchment systems, (2) hydrologic response to rainfall, and
(3) sediment movement. Changes in the catchment system are described by
examining the key hydrologic variables affected, including infiltration,
vegetation, drainage diversions, slope angles and channel gradients, and
hydraulic geometry. The hydrologic response Is examined both by means of
discharge measurements at channel sites and by field observations and analysis
of air photos. Sediment data include suspended-sediment samples, channel-
geometry measurements, field observations of erosion and deposition within
channels, and measurements of dissolved load and acidity. Recommendations are
given of ways to reduce the problems and enhance the benefits of strip mining.
CE7Z7F
55
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M77-53 TREATABILITY AND TREATMENT OF LEACHATE AND CONTAMINATED RUN-OFF
WATERS FROM A COAL TRANSSHIPMENT FACILITY
Metry, A. A. (Roy F. Weston, Inc.), in "Proceedings of the 30th Industrial
Waste Conference, May 6, 7 and 8, 1975, Purdue University, Lafayette,
Indiana," Ann Arbor, Michigan: Ann Arbor Science Publishers, Inc., 1977. pp
198-206. Laboratory studies to evaluate the quality of leachate and runoff
from stockpiles of low-sulfur western coal showed that the only significant
pollutant was suspended coal fines. The treatment process recommended in this
particular case included gravity settling and polishing with lime and polymer
flocculants. 628.2 1323, CE643
M77-54 A MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR DETERMINING THE OPTIMAL LOCATIONS OF COAL
MINE DRAINAGE NEUTRALIZATION PLANTS
Mlknis, J. J. and Lovell, H. L. (The Pennsylvania State University, Mine
Drainage Research Section), Coal Mine Drainage Research, Seventh Symposium
Preprints, Louisville, Ky., by National Coal Association and Bituminous Coal
Research, Inc., Oct. 18-20, 1977. pp 150-164. A prescriptive, non-linear
mathematical model capable of assisting water quality planners in their
efforts to control coal mine drainage pollution is presented. The model is an
efficient tool that can be used for the preliminary screening often needed in
planning large comprehensive river basin projects. The major aspects that
must be evaluated before a prescriptive model can be developed include the
types of control measures to be considered, the possible locations of these
control measures, the chemical parameters, water quality goals, the areas in
which the water quality goals are to be met, and the hydrological-water
quality nature of the basin. 628.2 C652, CE740
M77-55 ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS OF COAL PRODUCTION IN THE APPALACHIAN REGION
Mlnear, R. A., Tschantz, B. A., Rule, J. H., Vaughan, G. L., Overton, D. E.,
and Briggs, G., University of Tennessee Environment Center, Appalachian
Resources Project, Progress Report June 1, 1976 -May 31, 1977 to U.S. Energy
Research and Development Administration, ORO-4946-2 (undated). 185 pp. This
report covers progress on the work being carried out in the New River
watershed, Tennessee. Activity is divided into four projects: Task 1.
Hydrologic Impact of Strip mining on Small East Tennessee Watersheds; Task 2.
Mobilization of Heavy Metals and Other Contaminents from Contour Strip Mine
Spoil; Task 3. Distribution of Heavy Metals in Sediment of Strip Mine
Watersheds; and Task 4. Biological Impact of Contour Strip Mining in Small
Watersheds. CE482
M77-56 CATAWISSA CREEK MINE DRAINAGE ABATEMENT PROJECT
Miorin, A. F., Kllngensmith, R. S., Knight, F. J., Heizer, R. E., and
Saliunas, J. R., Gannett Fleming Corddry and Carpenter, Inc., Report to U.S.
EPA, Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory, Cincinnati, Ohio,
Interagency Energy-Environment Research and Development Program Report
EPA-600/7-77-124 (Nov. 1977). 173 pp. NTIS, PB-276 584/OBE. The study area
56
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M77-56 (continued)
is in Che middle anthracite region of Pennsylvania on a creek running into the
Susquehanna River. The abatement plan included both mine sealing to inundate
acid forming materials, and reconstructing the bed of Catawissa Creek to
reduce water entering the mine and thus the amount of discharge. Because of
the high cost of constructing the mine seals, only the second part of the
project was carried out. Average monthly water-quality data Indicate that
after atreambed reconstruction average acid load was decreased while the iron
load was increased slightly. CE382
M77-57 NCB WATER TREATMENT PUNT NEEDS NO LAGOONS
Coal Age 8£ (7), 21 (July 1977). The 400 gpm treatment plant at the
Silverdale Colliery is described. Mine water is treated with lime and
precipitated sludge is mixed with polyelectrolyte flocculant in deep-cone
thickening tanks. Clear overflow meets effluent standards of iron content
less than 10 ppm, suspended solids less than 50 ppm, and pH between 5 and 9.
Inexpensive automatic control is possible because the 250,000-gal balance tank
holds the equivalent of ten hours of pumping mine water so that the plant can
treat a constant volume of slurry. Jour, CE648
M77-58 NEW PLANT FILTERS 400 GAL/MIN. OF MINE WATER
Filtration & Separation _14_ (4), 414 (July/Aug. 1977). The continuously
operating water-treatment plant at the Silverdale Colliery, Newcastle under
Lyme, near Stoke on Trent, is described. Lime neutralization and
polyelectrolyte addition remove Iron to levels required for effluents. CE484
M77-59 NORTH BRANCH POTOMAC RIVER BASIN MINE DRAINAGE STUDY: PHASE I
BASELINE STUDY
Skelly and Loy, Consultants and Engineers, Final Technical Report to U.S.
Army, Corps of Engineers, Baltimore District, May 1977. 282 pp. NTIS,
ADA052S31 This survey established the extent, magnitude, and effects of coal
mine drainage pollution in the basin. Alternative abatement and reclamation
solutions were considered. Study included an analysis of socioeconomic and
environmental conditions as related to the mine drainage problem. (From
abstract of the report) CE120a
M77-60 MODELING AND SIMULATION OF MINE WATER DRAINAGE
Owill-Eger, A. S. and Manula, C. B. (The Pennsylvania State University,
Department of Mineral Engineering), In "Application of Computer Methods in the
Mineral Industry," Proceedings of the Fourteenth Symposium, Oct. 4-8, 1976, R.
V. Ramani, Ed., New York: Society of Mining Engineers of AIME, 1977.
pp 526-540. This paper discusses a model for groundwater quantity prediction
at operating sections of underground mines. The approach involves the
development of a mathematical model for the movement of water through an
Integrated (unsaturated-saturated) flow domain within a definable watershed.
The model is programmed for the IBM 370/168 computer using the method of
57
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M77-60 (continued)
finite difference approximation coupled with a finite element analysis. The
conceptual and computational aspects of the model have been validated with
both experimental and field data and applied to an active coal mining
operation located in central Pennsylvania. (Authors' abstract) 622 A652,
CE356
M77-61 EFFECTS OF ACID MINE WASTES ON AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS
Parsons, J. D. (Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Department of
Botany), Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Acid
Precipitation and the Forest Ecosystem, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest
Service General Technical Report NE-23 (1976). pp 571-595. Also published in
Water, Air and Soil Pollution 7_, 333-354 (1977). The 1952-1954 studies of
surface-mine lakes and effluents from mined lands In the Cedar Creek Basin in
Missouri are reviewed. Effects of drainage on aquatic life and the conditions
for recovery from mine drainage pollution are related to current problems
resulting from acid precipitation. CE292
M77-62 RESEARCH NEEDS RELATED TO ACID MINE WATER: WORKSHOP PROCEEDINGS
Compiled and Edited by M. C. L. Akamatsu, Sponsored by The Northeast Water
Institute Directors, Morgantown, West Virginia, Nov. 10-12, 1976. West
Virginia University, Water Research Institute, Center for Extension and
Continuing Education, 1977. 118 pp. J- F. Martin, of EPA's Industrial
Environmental Research Laboratory, Cincinnati, Ohio, opened the meeting with a
review of current EPA contracted and in-house research, "Research and
development programs for acid mine water," pp 1-7. Presentations were given
in five major work areas as follows: Joering, E. A. (Ohio River Basin
Commission), "Planning and management aspects of acid mine water," pp 8-13;
Menzel, D. C. and Williams, D. G. (West Virginia University), "Research needs
related to social, political, and Institutional aspects of acid mine
drainage,' pp 14-26; Grouse, H. L. and Gormley, J. T. (D'Appolonia Consulting
Engineers, Inc.), "Research needs related to mining methodology for prevention
or reduction of acid mine water," pp 34-45; Smith, E. E. (The Ohio State
University), "Research needs related to chemical and physical aspects of acid
mine water," pp 52-58; Dugan, P. R. (The Ohio State University, Department of
Microbiology and Water Resources Center), "Research needs related to
biological aspects of acid mine water," pp 70-82; and Lovell, H. L. (The
Pennsylvania State University, Department of Mineral Engineering), "Research
needs related to treatment of acid mine water," pp 93-97. The Proceedings
also include five work group reports which developed information on
definitions of each of the five problem areas addressed, type of research
needed, priority level, importance to Northeast Region, specific needs,
potential use, and when recommended actions will be needed. CE385
58
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M77-63 ACID GENERATION WITHIN A SPOIL PROFILE: PRELIMINARY EXPERIMENTAL
RESULTS
Rogowski, A. S. (U.S. Agricultural Research Service, University Park,
Pennsylvania), Coal Mine Drainage Research, Seventh Symposium Preprints,
Louisville, Ky., by national Coal Association and Bituminous Coal Research,
Inc., Oct. 18-20, 1977. pp 25-40. Two large caissons filled with spoil
material from a Kylertown, Pa., surface nine in the lower Kittanning coal seam
were used in this study. Preliminary results after Initial water application
to the two caissons showed a much higher infiltration rate and settling on
spoil alone than on spoil covered with soil. Considerable piping and Internal
erosion tended to transport large amounts of soil material deep into spoil
profiles. Temperature proflies reflected water movement, while 02
concentration values decreased when soil covered the spoil surface. Although
S contents within a spoil profile undoubtedly were related to acid generation,
the highest S content (acid shale, caisson 2) did not seem to generate
exceptionally high acid effluent. Apparently adequate topsoil cover (caisson
1) improved the quality of water reaching the water table. Possibly, piping
and erosion could have created an internal filter and the results suggest that
under controlled field conditions a similar filter may form. Since topsoil
cover seemed to reduce substantially oxygen diffusion, less oxidation and acid
generation with depth might be expected. The study results showed that
organic C and leaching analyses of individual layers might not truly reflect
the field situation. Organic C may often be contaminated with coal or organic
shale fragments, while a cumulative profile effluent seemed to contain
considerably higher concentration of salta than combined leachatee from the
individual layers. (From author's conclusions) 628.2 C652, CE731
H77-64 MODELING THE IMPACT OF STRIP MINING AND RECLAMATION PROCESSES ON
QUALITY AND QUANTITY OF WATER IN MINED AREAS: A REVIEW
Rogowski, A. S., Pionke, H. B., and Broyan, J. G. (Northeast Watershed
Research Center, University Park, Pennsylvania), J. Environmental Quality £
(3), 237-244 (July-Sept. 1977). The authors conclude that modeling techniques
available in the current literature can possibly be used to simulate the
hydrology of a spoil system. Included in the topics needing more study are
temperature distribution in spoil to see if it correlates with acid-producing
zones; erosion resulting from the requirement to place relatively fine topsoil
on top of coarse rubble material; and the infiltration and redistribution of
water in spoil. CE353
M77-6S REGULATION OF THE COAL MINING AND PREPARATION INDUSTRY
Rosenberg, J. I. (1), Campbell, J, M, (2). and Maneval, D. R. (2) ((1) The
MITRE Corporation and (2) The Appalachian Regional Comlssion), Coal Mine
Drainage Research, Seventh Symposium Preprints, Louisville, Ky., by National
Coal Association and Bituminous Coal Research, Inc., Oct. 18-20, 1977.
pp 5-24. The existing relationship between coal mine and preparation plant
operator* and the regulators of such facilities at the state and Federal
levels i« described. By presenting examples of this relationship, drawn from
59
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M77-65 (continued)
a recent study, the paper has attempted to describe how the instruments of
regulation (e.g., permits, licenses, and certificates) affect coal industry
operators* Although not quantifying, in terms of exact time or dollars, the
effect of such instruments upon the industry, it is certainly possible to
conclude that the instruments themselves and their required use tend to limit
the discretion of the operator. As operators' discretion is limited so is
their ability to respond to changes in the market. Thus, existing regulatory
procedures which are required of the coal Industry entail a certain degree of
time delay which translates into additional administrative expense to the
operator as well as lost marketing opportunities. (From authors' summary)
628.2 C652, CE730
M77-66 ACID LAKE RENOVATION
Rosso, W. A. (Peabody Coal Company, Kentucky Regional Laboratory), Coal Mine
Drainage Research, Seventh Symposium Preprints, Louisville, Ky., by National
Coal Association and Bituminous Coal Research, Inc., Oct. 18-20, 1977.
pp 61-70. The renovation or reclamation of five acid lakes created by surface
mining in Muhlenberg County, Kentucky, is described. The lakes and adjacent
watersheds were treated by minimal grading to cover extremely toxic areas,
planting with grasses, legumes or trees to stabilize the spoil material,
covering problem areas with agricultural limestone, and blowing limestone over
the surfaces of four of the lakes. The four lak.es treated with limestone
recovered in less than six months and the fifth lake became alkaline in 18
months. 628.2 C652, CE734
M77-67 TRACE METAL GEOCHEMISTRY OF A FLUVIAL SYSTEM IN EASTERN TENNESSEE
AFFECTED BY COAL MINING
Schrader, E. L., Jr. (1), Rule, J. H. (2), and Furbish, W. J. (1) [(1) Duke
University and (2) University of Tennessee], Southeastern Geology _18_ (3),
157-172 (1977). Concentrations of Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn
sediments were determined at a number of locations on the New River-Indian
Fork stream system. Trace elements were shown to be attached to sediments and
also as cations sorbed onto suspended hydrous metal oxides. CE566
M77-68 INVESTIGATION OF ION EXCHANGE TREATMENT OF ACID MINE DRAINAGE
Scott, R. B., Wilnoth, R. C., and Kennedy, J. L. (U.S. EPA, Industrial
Environmental Research Laboratory, Cincinnati, Ohio), Coal Mine Drainage
Research, Seventh Symposium Preprints, Louisville, Ky., by National Coal
Association and Bituminous Coal Research, Inc., Oct. 18-20, 1977. pp 88-103.
Data from research on a 2-resin ion exchange process studied by EPA at the
Crown Mine Drainage Control Field Site near Morgantown, West Virginia, are
presented. In this system, the first resin is an H+-form, strong-acid cation
exchanger and the second resin is a weak-base anion exchanger in the free-base
(OH-) form. It was found that the process, as is, will not produce a potable-
quality effluent from the Crown acid mine drainage because of its unusual high
60
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M77-68 (continued)
sodium level. If the sodium were not present, the effluent could be post-
treated and filtered for residual iron and manganese removal and chlorinated
to meet potability standards. 628.2 C652, CE736
M77-69 EVALUATION OF MINE WATER EFFLUENT FROM IOWA COAL PROJECT
DEMONSTRATION MINE # 1 AND ENVIRONMENTAL RAMIFICATIONS
Sendlein, L. V. A., Iowa State University, Energy & Mineral Resources Research
Institute, Coal Project, Report to Argonne National Laboratory, IS-ICP-36
(Jan. 1977). (58 pp.) This report represents the ongoing data collection
program and illustrates that, during the period measured, uncontrolled mining
(no sediment control structure) caused the stream to be affected over a short
distance (approximately 4,000 feet) whereas effluent from the sediment pond
did not negatively affect the stream except during failure of the pond. (From
author's Summary) ICP, CE89
M77-70 GROUNDWATER REPORT: IOWA COAL PROJECT DEMONSTRATION MINE NO. 1
Sendlein, L. V. A. and Stangl, D. W., Iowa State University, Energy & Mineral
Resources Research Institute, Coal Project, IS-ICP-58 (June 1977). 99 pp.+ A
29-statloti groundwater monitoring system was installed at the Iowa Coal
Project Demonstration Mine Number One located ten miles southwest of
Oskaloosa, Iowa, to measure groundwater level fluctuations and to monitor
groundwater chemical changes. Water level data was used to indicate the
extent of dewatering of surrounding "aquifers" near active mining cuts, and to
detect the rate of return of groundwater into the reclaimed portions of the
mine. Findings show that water table lowering outside the active mining area
is confined to the north hill area in the coals and sands and gravel, no
significant acid plume has been generated after a year and one half of mining,
and groundwater recharge to reclaimed mine cuts is slow. (From authors'
abstract) ICP( CE271
M77-71 ELECTROSIOCHEMICAL NEUTRALIZATION OF ACID MINE WATER
Sisler, F. D., Senftle, F. E., and Skinner, J. (U.S. Geological Survey), J.
Water Pollution Control Federation 4£ (3), 369-374 (March Part One, 1977). In
this process, activity of anaerobic sulfur reducing bacteria is combined with
electrochemical activity of a cell with one electrode in anaerobic mud and the
other in acid water. Sulfate is reduced to hydrogen sulfide which is then
ionized and the sulfide ion oxidized to elemental sulfur at one electrode. At
the other electrode, hydroxyl ions are formed and combine with hydrogen ions
from the sulfur ionization. Laboratory operation is described and its
application to field conditions is discussed. Jour, CE235
K77-72 CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF ACID MINE DRAINAGE WATERS WITH PHOSPHATE
MINERALS
Smith, M, J.> Halle, D. K., Cox, M. F., and Huntsman, B. E. (Wright State
University), American Chemical Society, Division of Environmental Chemistry,
61
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M77-72 (continued)
New Orleans, La., March 20-25, 1977. 4 pp. In laboratory studies of
synthetic acid mine water treated with rock phosphate and lime, ferrous iron
was effectively removed as a dense, heavily-flocked precipitate. CE184
M77-73 SOLVING DIFFICULT SETTLING PROBLEMS: A SCIENTIFIC APPROACH
Bituminous Coal Research, Inc., Research Report (undated, issued 1977). 2 pp.
This leaflet describes the use of zeta potential measurements for determining
the amount and type of coagulant to add to a suspension to promote settling.
CE267
M77-74 FACTORS INVOLVED IN THE RESISTANCE OF BROOK TROUT (SALVELIKUS
FONTINALIS) TO SULFURIC ACID SOLUTIONS AND MINE ACID POLLUTED WATERS
Swarts, F. A., The Pennsylvania State University, M.S. Thesis, 1977. 141 pp.
NTIS, PB-282 102. Several strains of hatchery-reared brook trout were used in
laboratory and field tests and wild trout were also used in field tests.
Pronounced strain differences in survival ability were detected among
embryonic, juvenile, and adult brook trout in laboratory tests, and among
juvenile trout In field teats. Fish had longer resistance times in sulfuric
acid solutions or in mine-acid polluted water if they were previously held in,
respectively, control laboratory water or in non-acidic field environments.
Wild brook trout survived longer at lethal field pH levels than hatchery fish,
even if the hatchery fish were held in non-acidic field environments prior to
testing. Fish had shorter resistance times in field tests in mine-acid waters
than in laboratory tests with sulfuric acid solutions of comparable pR.
Larger and older fish tended to survive longer although size was not strongly
correlated with resistance times within narrow size categories of equal aged
fish. There were no differences between the sexes In survival times at low pH
levels. The most important factors in enhancement of acid resistance of a
given strain and in the acclimation of fish to stream or laboratory conditions
of control pH prior to acid exposure. (Adapted from author's abstract) CE550
M77-75 PRIORITY POLLUTANT EFFLUENT STANDARDS AND THE COAL INDUSTRY
TelHard, W. A. (U.S. EPA, Effluent Guidelines Division), Coal Mine Drainage
Research, Seventh Symposium Preprints, Louisville, Ky., by National Coal
Association and Bituminous Coal Research, Inc., Oct. 18-20, 1977. pp 1-4.
EPA is required to develop effluent limitation guidelines, new source
performance standards, and pretreatment rules for 21 industries in response to
a law suit filed by several environmental groups. Also established in the
court order are criteria and a schedule for the accomplishment of the
regulations. The regulations are to be set up industry by industry, rather
than pollutant by pollutant, and coal mining is among the industries to be
studied. After identifying the priority pollutants, EPA has to prepare an in
depth pollutant profile of the consequent ecological and environmental health
effects. Additional information will come from EPA18 Office of Research and
Development, Office of Toxic Substances, and the Office of Pesticide Programs.
To keep tract of the multiple activities, regular reports will be given by
62
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M77-75 (continued)
the project officers on their activities. To fufill the obligations of the
agreement with the environmental group, EPA will periodically brief the
Natural Resource Defense Council of ongoing studies. 628.2 C652, CE729
M77-76 THE IMPLICATIONS OF SURFACE AND SUBSURFACE MINING POLICY FOR
GROUNDWATER PROTECTION IN PENNSYLVANIA
Thompson, D. R. (Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources, Division
of Mine Drainage Control and Reclamation), Water & Sewage Works 124 (12),
70-71 (1977). Pennsylvania policies are based on the Clean Streams Act and
the Surface Mining Conservation and Reclamation Act which require drainage and
waste-disposal plans with the application for a permit to operate a coal mine.
Studies being conducted by the Bureau of Surface Mine Reclamation Include
determination of the general quality of ground water, coal stratigraphy, types
of pyrite present in overburden, and the Investigation of the complex
hydrology of the Anthracite Coal Fields- CE662
M77-77 TOXIC EFFECTS ON THE AQUATIC BIOTA FROM COAL AND OIL SHALE
DEVELOPMENT. PROGRESS REPORT—YEAR 2 (JULY 1976-JUNE 1977)
Thurston, R. V., Skogerboe, R. K., and Russo, R. C., Colorado State
University, Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Internal Project Report No.
13 (Nov. 1977). 58 pp. Results of studies being carried out at the Edna Mine
on Trout Creek, Colorado, and at the Decker Mine near the Tongue River,
Montana, are summarized. Preliminary data show that the most significant
change resulting from surface mining in the study area is an increase in total
dissolved solids, although the iocvic compositions of the drainage and
receiving waters are quite similar. CE556
M77-7B AQUATIC INSECT DIVERSITY AND BIOMASS IN AN STREAM MARGINALLY POLLUTED
BY ACID STRIP MINE DRAINAGE
Tomklewicz, S. M., Jr. and Dunson, W. A. (The Pennsylvania State University,
Department of Biology), Water Research 11, 397-402 (1977). The study site,
Upper Three Runs and an acid feeder, is in Clearfield County, Pennsylvania,
and is a tributary to the West Branch, Susquehanna River. Biological sampling
and pH readings were carried out at five sites approximately weekly from mid-
June Co mid-July. Diversity and biomass were significantly depressed below
the acid feeder stream, but recovered somewhat downstream. pH of the acid
stream ranged from 3.00 to 3.35, pH at the control station was greater than 6,
and pH increased at downstream stations, but did not recover too much more
than pH 5. CE332
M77-79 U.S. COURT UPHOLDS DRAINAGE DECREE
Coal Age 8_2_ (11), 23 (Nov. 1977). The U.S. Supreme Court upheld the ruling of
the Pennsylvania Supreme Court that required Barnes & Tucker to continue to
control and treat drainage from a mine that had been closed in 1969 in
compliance with existing law. The history of the case is summarized. Jour,
CE156a
63
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M77-80 UNDERGROUND MINE DRAINAGE CONTROL: SNOWY CREEK-LAUREL RUN, WEST
VIRGINIA FEASIBILITY STUDY
Baker-Wibberley & Associates, Inc., Report to U.S. EPA, Industrial
Environmental Research Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, Environmental Protection
Technology Series EPA-600/2-77-114 (June 1977). 142 pp. The study area, near
Terra Alta, West Virginia, on the Maryland border, contributes acid to the
Youghiogheny River. The method recommended to reduce the drainage from the
Lima and Banner Mines was to increase the size of the mine pools by the use of
continuous clay core dams, a mine-pool level-control lake, and moveable wall
bulkhead seals. Also included in the report are estimates of capital and
operating costs, mine production records, and results of water analyses
carried out during the study. CE329
M77-81 UNIQUE AUTOMATIC WATER-TREATMENT PLANT AT SILVERDALE COLLIERY
The Mining Engineer 136 (194), 569-570 (July 1977). The process is described.
The water is treated with lime, the sludge thickened with aid of
polyelectrolyte, and filtered. The filter cake, whose composition is given,
is disposed of on the tip. While the effluent has iron concentration within
required limits, the dissolved solids' content is approximately 2,500 ppm.
Jour, CE406
M77-82 STRIP MINING AND HYDROLOGIC ENVIRONMENT ON BLACK MESA
Verma, T. R., in "Reclamation and Use of Disturbed Land in the Southwest," j.
L. Thames, Ed., Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1977. pp 161-166. The
objective of this paper is to evaluate the results of studies being carried
out on the Black Mesa by the School of Renewable Natural Resources, University
of Arizona, in cooperation with the Peabody Coal Company. The area has been
inventoried for its biological, geological and hydrological characteristics
and sparse historical climatic data have been augmented by more detailed
meteorological measurements. A 5.5 acre watershed on the regraded mined land
and a similar one on a nearby unmined site have been instrumented to study
surface runoff, infiltration and water quality. Impacts of strip mining of
coal on the hydrologic environment of a semlarid region are different from
those in the humid east. Reclamation practices should be aimed at erosion
control and on-site conservation of precipitation. There seems to be no
permanent Impact of strip mining on water quality if the disturbed lands are
rehabilitated and effective vegetation cover is established. (From author's
introduction and Conclusion) 631 T3, CE391
M77-83 WATER POLLUTION FROM DRAINAGE AND RUNOFF OF WASTEWATER FROM COAL
STORAGE AREAS
Wachter, R. A. (Monsanto Research Corporation), Coal Mine Drainage Research,
Seventh Symposium Preprints, Louisville, Ky., by National Coal Association and
Bituminous Coal Research, Inc., Oct. 18-20, 1977, pp 185-193, A study of the
water pollution potential of coal stockpiles maintained outdoors at production
and user sites was conducted under EPA Contract No. 68-02-1874 and is briefly
described. These storage piles are sources of polluted effluents due to the
drainage, and runoff of wastewater which occurs during and after
64
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M77-83 (continued)
precipitation. This study quantified the effluent levels from these sources
by examining coals (both freshly mined and aged) from six coal regions of the
U.S. Data were obtained by placing these coals beneath a rainfall simulator
and collecting grab samples of the drainage. These samples were analyzed for
organic and Inorganic substances and for water quality indicators. (From
author's introduction) 628.2 C652, CE742
M77-84 PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL, AND BIOLOGICAL RELATIONS OF FOUR PONDS IN THE
HIDDEN WATER CREEK STRIP-MINE AREA, POWDER RIVER BASIN, WYOMING
Wangsness, D. J., U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division, Cheyenne,
Wyoming, USGS/WRD/WRI-77/072 (July 1977). A3 pp. OTIS, PB-273 512. Two
ponds near the mined area were compared to two ponds outside the mine
boundary* The surface-mine ponds had much lower light penetration and
dissolved oxygen concentration, and generally greater dissolved solids and
greater population of rooted plants than controls. A listing of the dominant
groups of organisms found in the biological study indicated that the surface-
mine ponds had better water quality than the controls, but evaluation of the
diversity of the organisms in the ponds showed that the control ponds had more
diverse and more stable populations indicating better water quality than the
surface-mine ponds. US Geol, CE176
M77-85 ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION BY TRACE ELEMENTS IN COAL PREPARATION WASTES
Williams, J. M., Wewerka, E. M., Vanderborgh, N. E., Wagner, P., Wanek, P. L.,
and Olsen, J. D. (Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory), Coal Mine Drainage
Research, Seventh Symposium Preprints, Louisville, Ky., by National Coal
Association and Bituminous Coal Research, Inc., Oct. 18-20, 1977. pp 51-60.
Illinois-Basin coal-preparation wastes containing a multitude of leachable
elements were subjected to column and static leaching studies. Data for 18
elements are presented here. Generally these elements occur in the waste
leachates at levels related to their occurrence in the waste. Closer
inspection reveals, however, that some elements are much more leachable than
others. Thus, for Illinois-Basin waste iron is found to be present in waste
leachate in high amounts, but this amount represents only a small percentage
of the total iron in the waste. Cobalt and nickel, on the other hand, are not
very plentiful in the waste, but are highly leachable. Aluminum, a major
constituent of clays In the waste, is very poorly leached. Oxygen
availability is a prime factor In the production of soluble iron which Is
readily flushed from the waste. Particle size is less important. Under damp
conditions and with plenty of air, pyrite oxides rapidly. This latter
situation poses a problem for the plant operator, as coal preparation wastes
are discarded damp and remain so via rainstorms for long periods before they
are covered. (From authors' sunmary) 628.2 C652, CE733
M77-86 LIMESTONE AND LIME NEUTRALIZATION OF FERROUS IRON ACID MINE DRAINAGE
Wilmoth, R. C., U.S. EPA, Resource Extraction and Handling Division, Crown
Mine Drainage Control Field Site, Rivesville, West Virginia, Report to U.S.
65
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M77-86 (continued)
EPA, Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory, Cincinnati, Ohio,
Environmental Protection Technology Series EPA-600/2-77-101 (May 1977).
105 pp. In this two-year study, optimization of the limestone process and its
feasibility in comparison with hydrated lime treatment were investigated.
Operating parameters, design factors, and reagent costs for both processes
were determined. Effluent total iron, suspended solids, and turbidity values
could be maintained below 3 mg/1, 10 mg/1, and 10 JTU, respectively, by using
coagulant addition. The reaction and aeration detention time requirements for
the limestone process were two to three times that for the lime process and
overshadowed the reagent-usage cost advantage of the limestone process.
Therefore, although the limestone process was demonstrated to be technically
effective, it was judged not to be feasible for general application for
ferrous iron acid mine drainage. (Adapted from author's abstract) CE307
1978
M78-1 SYSTEM TREATS COAL PILE LEACHATE AND MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER— TOGETHER
Anderson, W. C. (Pickard and Anderson, Auburn, New York), Water & Wastes
Engineering J_5 (3), 28-31 (March 1978). This paper describes a unique system
for treating the leachate from a 12,000 ton coal pile with alkaline boiler
blowdown water to produce an acceptable effluent. In the process, the coal
pile leachate is collected in an equalization/retention tank and then pumped
by precision chemical feed pumps to a mixing tank through which boiler
blowdown wastewater flows by gravity. Automatic controls based on pH match
the leachate feed rate to the available alkalinity in the boiler blowdown. to
produce a neutralization effect. CE676
M78-2 PUMPS FOR MINE DRAINAGE
Angles, J. and Bryson, W. (Weir Pumps Ltd.), Pumps 138, 98-103 (March 1978).
The features of a horizontal multi-stage pumpset at pit bottom, a vertical
multi-stage borehole pumpset, and a fully submersible electric motor-driven
pumpset are described. Reference is made to construction materials and
operating experience with the emphasis on submersible pumps. CE257
M78-3 THE USE OF GRASS FILTERS FOR SEDIMENT CONTROL IN STRIP MINE DRAINAGE.
VOLUME II. PREDICTIONS BASED ON THEORETICAL STUDIES
Barfield, B. J. , Hayes, J. C., and Bamhisel, R. I., University of Kentucky,
Institute for Mining and Minerals Research, IMMR39-RRR4-78 (Sept. 1978). 15
pp. A steady state model and a non-steady state model are presented for
determining the sediment filtration capacity of a grass media and an
artificial grass filter respectively, under varying flow rates, sediment
loads, particle sizes, flow durations, channel slopes, and media density.
Based on laboratory studies, it appears possible to use the models to predict
the required media spacing, channel slope, and length of media to give a
desired outflow concentration for given flow conditions. CE671
66
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M78-4 QUARTERLY REPORT - EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF LEACHATE FROM STORED SOLIDS
JUNE 1, 1977 TO JANUARY 1, 1978
Boegly, W. J., Jr., Arora, H. S., Davis, E. C., Rao, R. G. S., and Wilson, H.
W., Jr., Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Environmental Sciences Division,
ORNL/TM-6304 (Jan. 1978). 29 pp. KTIS, ORNL/TM-6304, The basic aim of the
program is to determine the environmental acceptability of landfilling solid
residues from coal gasification facilities, and also to evaluate potential
environmental degradation caused by leAChate produced by rainfall on coal
storage piles. This report outlines the program plan, discusses waste types
to be studied, provides details of the solid-waste leaching studies, describes
existing hydrologlc models that can be used for predicting contaminant
movement, describes results of a literature review of coal pile runoff, and
outlines a laboratory and field program to evaluate coal pile leachate. (From
authors' abstract) CE673
M78-5 EVALUATION OF FACTORS PROMOTING THE PRESERVATION OF AQUATIC
ECOSYSTEMS IN RECLAIMED STRIP MINE AREAS
Brenner, F. J., Grove City College, Report to The Pennsylvania State
University, Institute for Research on Land and Water Resources, supported by
U.S. Department of the Interior, Office of Water Hesources Research, Deport
No. OWRTA-044-PAU) (Jan. 1978). 136 pp. NTIS, PB-281 393. An ecological
survey was conducted in Mercer County, Pennsylvania, on 82 different atrip-
vine areas including 132 different aquatic areas located within these lands.
A detailed survey of the water chemistry, plankton population, algae biomass
and chlorophyll concentration was conducted on 60 mines of various ages.
Seasonal changes In these parameter* in addition to light and dark bottle
productivity and C-14 uptake studies were conducted on three aquatic areas
located on the same mine operation. The results of these studies indicate
that the seasonal changes In productivity were similar between these mines
even though they differed in pH and other chemical parameters. The
mathematical relationship between phytoplankton populations, algae biovass,
chlorophyll a and C-14 uptake indicate that the productivity of these areas
may be predictable within a good degree of confidence. These unique
ecosystems should be managed in order to enhance their potential as fish and
wildlife habitats. (Author's abstract) CE687
M78-6 COLLIERY SPOIL: THE ACID TEST FAILS
Surveyor 152 (4505), 21 (Oct. 5, 1978). Reported on is the decision to
abandon the plan to use colliery reject as fill material for a sand quarry at
God«tone, England, because of the potential groundwater pollution that might
result. CE717
M78-7 EFFECTS OF SURFACE MINING ON HYDROLOGY, EROSION, AND SEDIMENTATION IN
EASTERN KENTUCKY
Curtis, M. R. (Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, Berea, Kentucky), In
Proceedings, Fourth Kentucky Coal Refuse Disposal and Utilization Seminar,
Pine Mountain State Park, Plneville, Kentucky, by University of Kentucky,
67
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M78-7 (continued)
Pikeville College, and Harland County Coal Operators Association, June 6-7,
1978, J« G. Rose, Ed., Lexington: University of Kentucky, Office of Research
and Engineering Services (Dec. 1978). pp 17-19. Forest Service research
projects to obtain data on effects of surface mining on water shed hydrology
are reviewed. Results indicating increased water retention in spoils, and the
success of using impoundment and revegetation to control erosion and
sedimentation are discussed. 631 K3 1978, CE844c
M78-8 A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE ON LEACHATES FROM COAL STORAGE PILES
Davis, E. C. and Boegly, W. J., Jr., Vanderbilt University, Report to U.S.
DOE, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, ORNL/TM-6186 (Jan.
1978). 36 pp. This report is an assessment of existing Information on coal
pile leachate. The assessment indicates that few detailed studies have been
conducted to date, and these are limited and the results are highly variable.
More detailed long-range studies using various types of coal are recommended.
These studies should be carried out both in the laboratory and in field-scale
experiments. (From authors' abstract) DOE-ORNL, CE677
M78-9 DEPENDABLE SUBMERSIBLE PUMPS DEWATER THREE KAISER MINES
Coal Mining and Processing J3 (2), 74-76 (Feb. 1978). One and a half million
gallons of water per day are removed from the working faces of three
contiguous mines in Utah. The water is used in the mines for dust suppression
and on the surface to supply 95 percent of the preparation plant requirements
and to irrigate a golf course and a baseball field. Jour, CE652
M78-10 ASSESSMENT OF WATER QUALITY IMPACTS OF A WESTERN COAL MINE
Dettmann, E. H. and Olsen, R. D. (Argonne National Laboratory), in
"Reclamation of Disturbed Arid Lands," R. A. Wright, Ed., Albuquerque:
University of New Mexico Press, 1978. pp 53-67. This paper describes the
interim results of a study of the effects of surface mining on Goose Creek and
the Tongue River in the Powder River basin of Wyoming. The study showed that
water quality changes in the vicinity of the Big Horn Mine, which had been in
operation for more than 20 years, were within the range of analytical
precision and also within the range of background variations. Larger changes
were found in water quality upstream from the mining because of the impact of
intensive agricultural activity. CE547
M78-11 DEWATERING DRIFTS IN NEW U.K. COAL MINE DEVELOPMENT
Mining Journal 290 (7443), 275 (April 14, 1978). This short article discusses
a system of dewatering comprising both verticle we11points and deep wells to
maintain effective ground-water control while the alluvial section of drifts
are driven. CE680
68
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M78-12 RECOVERY OF SANITARY-INDICATOR BACTERIA FROM STREAMS CONTAINING ACID
MINE WATER
Double, M. L., Savio, J. A., and Bissonnette, G. K., West Virginia University
Bulletin, Series 78, No. 10-7 (April 1978). West Virginia University, Water
Research Institute, Information Report 11, WRI-WVU-78-02 (1978). 30 pp.
Quantitative and qualitative bacteriological studies were conducted on samples
from several points on the Monongahela River and its tributaries in areas
where the streams are simultaneously affected by acid mine water and organic
waste pollution. Multiple-tube fermentation techniques were found Co be
preferable to conventional direct membrane filtration in recovering
sublethally injured coliforms. The recovery was substantially enhanced by th«
inclusion of an enrichment step in the procedure. Qualitatively, several
members of the Enterobacteriaceae were Identified, and the differences in the
distribution of members of the species at various sampling points suggested
that respective members of the species were affected differently by acid mine
water. The relative ease of quantitatively detecting fecal streptococci from
streams affected by acid mine drainage indicated that this group should be
considered for use in assessing bacteriological quality of acid streams.
Qualitatively, all members of the fecal streptococcal group were isolated from
the streams affected by acid mine water, with the exception of Streptococcus
bovis and Streptococcus equlnis. "Total" plate counts, performed on several
water samples during the summer months, showed that at Incubation temperatures
of 10, 20, and 35 C there was little difference in quantative detection of
bacteria. Prolonged incubation of the "total" bacteria plates gave rise to
chromagenlc colonies, the numbers of which were found to be correlated with
the relative presence of acid mine water in the stream. (Authors' abstract
adapted) CE569
M78-13 A WATER-QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF THE BUSSERON CREEK WATERSHED, SULLIVAN,
VIGO, GREENE, AND ClAX COUNTIES, INDIANA
Eikenberry, S. E., U.S. Geological Survey, Indianapolis, Indiana, in
cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation
Service, Open-File Report 78-13 (Jan. 1978). 36 pp. In September 1975, field
measurements were made at a number of sites of temperature, specific
conductance, dissolved oxygen, and pH. Samples collected at representative
sites in November 1975 and in February, April, and July 1976 were variously
analyzed for chemical constituents, nutrients, bacteria, and phytoplankton.
Stream-bed materials were collected at a few sites to determine amounts of
chlorinated hydrocarbons and selected trace elements. Drainage from coal
mines is evidenced by higher than normal dissolved-solids concentration, and
in some areas, increases in iron and manganese concentrations and decrease in
ptU Problems from bacteria and phytoplanktan result from municipal drainage.
CE549
M7B-14 COAL MINE WATER POLLUTION LEGAL AND REGULATORY ISSUES: A SURVEY
Fisher, A. B., Illinois Institute of Natural Resources, Document No. 78/33
(Oct. 1978). 43 pp. NTIS, PB-290 918. Colorado, Indiana, Kentucky, Ohio,
Pennsylvania, West Virginia, and Wyoming were surveyed to determine the extent
69
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M78-14 (continued)
to which these states are experiencing differences between their effluent
standards and their water quality standards and what, if anything, is being
done to resolve differences when they occur. Complete Information concerning
effluent standards and water quality standards are given for each of these
states. IINR, CE725
M78-15 THE VARIABLE IRON CONTENT OF MINE FLOOD WATER: IMPLICATIONS FOR
SAMPLING AND POLLUTION CONTROL
Frost, R. c., Colliery Guardian International 226_ (10), 36-38 (Oct. 1978).
The author reviews studies in south Durham which show that the iron content of
pumped water is influenced by whether the pumping is intermittent or
continuous, degree of flooding, duration of flooding, pumping rate, and
probably by seasonal factors. Jour, CE288
M78-16 VARIATIONS IN THE IRON CONTENT OF SOME OUTCROP WATERS IN SOUTH DURHAM
Frost, R. C., Colliery Guardian 226^ (5), 233-234 (May 1978). Three effluents
from a mine which has been abandoned and flooded for more than fifty years are
described. Over a two-year period, two flows were found to contain
relatively low and relatively constant amounts of iron and sulfate and the
third flow was found to have higher iron and sulfate with definite seasonal
peak amounts. The reasons for these differences are discussed.
M78-17 PRELIMINARY EVALUATION OF FINAL CUT LAKES
Gibb, J. P. and Evans, R. L., Illinois State Water Survey, Circular 130,
ISWS/CIR-130/78 (1978). 87 pp. Also published as RECONNAISSANCE STUDY OF
FINAL CUT IMPOUNDMENTS Illinois Institute for Environmental Quality, IIEQ
DOC. No. 78/25 (June 1978). 101 pp. Twelve representative final-cut
impoundments in four Illinois counties were studied to determine their volumes
and estimated yield potentials. Projections of these estimates to other
Inventoried final-cut lakes were made and presented as county totals. The
potential water supply from final-cut Impoundments for the 40 surface mining
counties in Illinois range from 0 to 75.66 mgd. For 10 counties the estimated
yield potential from final-cut impoundments exceeds the estimated 2020 water
demands. Two of the 12 lakes studied have water quality suitable as a source
for public water supply, three are suitable for irrigation and all 12 are
suitable for livestock watering. (Adapted from authors' abstract) CE664,
CE705
M78-18 SELECTED KYDROLOGIC DATA, YAMPA RIVER BASIN AND PARTS OF THE WHITE
RIVER BASIN, NORTHWESTERN COLORADO AND SOUTH-CENTRAL WYOMING
Giles, T. F. and Brogden, R. E., U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources
Division, Denver, Colorado, Open-file Report 78-23 (Jan. 1978). 91 pp. This
report contains selected hydrologlc data from four energy-related projects
collected during 1974 and 1975 and parts of 1976 for 129 ground-water sites
and 119 surface-water sites. For most samples, major cations, anions, and
trace metals were analyzed. For the same time period, field measurements of
70
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M7B-18 (continued)
specific conductance, temperature, and pH were made on 252 springs and
wells.These sampling sites, as well as the locations of 20 climatological
stations, 18 snow-course sites, and 43 surface-water gaging stations, ate
shown on maps. Geologic units that contain coal deposits or supply much of
the water used for stock and domestic purposes in the area also are shown*
(From authors' abstract) CE124F
M78-L9 ASSESSMENT OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT NEEDS AND PRIORITIES FOR ACID
MINE DRAINAGE ABATEMENT
Gleason, V- E., Price, A., Boyer, J, f,, Jr., and Ford, C, T,, Bituminous Coal
Research, Inc., Report to U.S. Bureau of Mines, Office of the Assistant
Director—Mining, BCR-L-822, BuMlneB-OFR-44-78 (Feb. 1978). 169 pp. NTIS,
FB-282 440/7UP. A number of recommendations are made for study and
development of methods of mine drainage abatement. The recommendations are
based on an in depth study of mine drainage research, laboratory and field
studies of methods of preventing or minimizing acid mine drainage formation,
and on review of the geological, hydrological, and mineralogical factors
involved. There are 772 references. (From authors' abstract) CE166
H78-20 A SURVEY OF THE MACROFAUMA OF A COAL-WASTE POLLUTED LANCASHIRE
FLUVIAL SYSTEM
Greenfield, J. P. and Ireland, M. p. (University College of Wales, Department
of Zoology, Aberystwyth), Environmental Pollution 16 (2), 105-122 (1978). Ten
stations on the Brun, Don and Calder Rivers in the~B"urnley area were sampled
monthly from July 1974 to August 1975 to investigate the effects of runoff
from coal mine spoils on the distribution of aquatic organisms. Deposits of
iron compounds on the substrate and the presence of clay and suspended solids
characterized the condition of the sampling sites which supported the least
number of species. The highest number of macroinvertebrate species were
identified at the unpolluted stations. CC682
M78-21 RECOVERY OF INDICATOR BACTERIA IN ACID MINE STREAMS
Hackneyt C. R. and Bissonnette, G. K. (West Virginia University), J. Water
Pollution Control Federation _5£ (4), 775-780 (April 1978). Also published as
West Virginia University Agricultural Experiment Station, Scientific Paper No.
1455. Pure cultures of three sanitaryIndicator bacteria in membrane filter
chambers were exposed to the acid waters of small tributaries to the
Monongahela River. The two coliforms showed rapid die away, and also were
sublethally Injured rapidly in acid streams. The recovery ratio, comparing
non-selective to selective media counts, was high, indicating that notv-
selcctive media would give faulty results. Streptococcus taecalis persisted
much longer in the acid streams than did the coliforms and had a much lower
recovery ratio, indicating that selective media could be used to quantify
fecal streptococci in streams containing acid mine water. Jour, CE656
71
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M78-22 MICROEROSION PROCESSES AND SLOPE EROSION ON SURFACE-MINE DUMPS AT
HENRYETTA, OKLAHOMA
Haigh, M. J. (University of Chicago, Department of Geography), Oklahoma
Geology Notes 38_ (3), 87-96 (1978). Erosion has been monitored on
representative slope profiles on two strip-mine dump complexes for a period of
16 months. The major difference between them is that one is nearly 20 years
old while the other is nearly 53 years old. The two areas have similar
morphologies and are unvegetared. In the last 12 months of observation,
erosion was concentrated on the upper sections of the younger slope and was
also quite high on the crest and upper convexity of the older slope. Maximum
erosion on the older slope, however, occurred on the lower concavity in
response to slope-foot channel incision. The younger slope had more erosion
than the older one, but the loss converts to an identical loss of 200
tonnes/hectare/year because of the differences in the bulk density of the
surface spoil on the two sites. (From author's Conclusion) CE833
M78-23 AQUATIC HABITAT OF COAL AND BENTONITE CLAY STRIP MINE PONDS IN THE
NORTHERN GREAT PLAINS
Hawkes, C. L. (Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station), in
Proceedings of the International Congress on Energy and the Ecosystem, 1978.
5 pp. Twenty-one coal strip-mine ponds were included in this study being
carried out to provide the basis for the design and management of strip-nine
ponds in the northern Great Plains as high quality aquatic habitats. Habitat
conditions which favor rooted aquatic and associated vegetation, aquatic
invertebrates, and waterfowl are of primary importance. In many cases efforts
will have to be made to reduce the amount of small size particles on the pond
bottom and entering the pond from the drainage basin. Dilute brackish water
conditions can be expected but should not significantly affect the quality of
most impoundments. (Adapted from author's Summary) CE752
M78-24 AN EVALUATION OF THE APPLICATION OF A DUAL-FUNCTIONAL FILTER TO
DEWATERING NEUTRALIZED ACID-MINE-WATER SLUDGE
Henry, J. D., Jr. and Kuo, C. H. A., West Virginia University Bulletin, Series
78, No. 10-6 (April 1978). West Virginia University, Water Research
Institute, Information Report 10, WRI-WVU-78-01 (1978). 55 pp. The dual-
functional filter, constructed from a flexible porous hose, includes a
filtration and dump cycle where settling occurs. A design equation developed
for the filter facilitated data interpretation and assessment of the
feasibility of the process. Alternatives for integrating the dual-functional
filter with acid-mlne-water-treatment processes were evaluated. Economic
evaluation of the costs of a clarifier-filter sequence was used to determine
the optimum extent of dewatering prior to filtration. The optimum interstage-
slurry concentration between the clarlfier and the dual-functional filter for
the base case is 0.6 wt. percent. Economic sensitivity analyses illustrate
the effect of changes in the fractional redispersion of the filter cake, cycle
time and hose life. The labor cost is approximately 70 percent of the total
treatment cost for the base case. (Authors' abstract adapted) CE557
72
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M78-25 THE EFFECTS OF LIME NEUTRALIZATION OF ACID MINE DRAINAGE ON STREAM
ECOLOGY
HerricJta, E. E. (1) and Cairns, J., Jr. (2) [(1) University of Illinois and
(2) Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University], in "Proceedings of
the 32ud Industrial Waste Conference, May 10, 11 and 12, 1977, Purdue
University, Lafayette, Indiana," Ann Arbor, Michigan: Ann Arbor Science
Publishers, Inc., 1978. pp 477-486. In 1965 an automatic lime-neutralization
plant was put into operation on Little Scrubgrass Creek, Venango County,
Pennsylvania. Effluent from the treatment plant, which was situated
downstream from a number of sources of acid mine drainage, carried aluminum
hydroxide floe into the stream so that although the acid was neutralized
biological recovery was impeded. Summaries of the results of water Duality
analyses and biological surveys of the stream are given. 628.2 1323, CE640
M78-26 COAL PILE LEACHATE
Hill, G. F. (Gilbert/Commonwealth, Reading, Pennsylvania), Industrial Coal
Conference, Lexington, Kentucky, by University of Kentucky, April 26-27, 1978.
6 pp. Leachate from stockpiled coal is characterized and a summary of data
from surveys of 11 steam-electric power plants is given. The design and
management of the stockpile to reduce the need for chemical and physical
treatment of the leachate are described. 662.6 I42k
M78-27 ACID MINE DRAINAGE AND SUBSIDENCE: EFFECTS OF INCREASED COAL
UTILIZATION
Hill, &• D' and Bates, E. R. , U.S. EPA, Industrial Environmental Research
Laboratory, Cincinnati, Ohio, Environmental Protection Technology Series
EPA-600/2-78-068 (April 1978). 30 pp. NTIS, PB-281 092/7BE. The increases
above 1975 levels for acid mine drainage and subsidence for the years 196S and
2000 based on projections of current mining trends and the National Energy
Plan are presented. No increases are projected for acid mine drainage from
surface mines or waste since enforcement under present laws should control
this problem. The increase in acid mine drainage from underground mines is
projected to be 16 percent by 1985 and 10 percent by 2000. The smaller
increase in 2000 over 1985 reflects the impact of the PL 95-87 abandoned mine
program- Mine subsidence is projected to increase by 34 and 115 percent
respectively for 1985 and 2000. This estimate assumes that subsidence will
parallel the rate of underground coal production and that no new subsidence
control measures are adopted to mitigate subsidence occurrence. (Authors'
abstract) CE565
M78-28 ECONOMIC IMPACT OF DISSOLVED SOLIDS REGULATION UPON THE COAL MINING
INDUSTRY (R76-7)
Huff, L. L. and Jarrell, G. A., Illinois Institute of Environmental Quality,
Document Mo. 77/28 (Nov. 1977). 134 pp. NTIS, PB-280 499. Water collected
during mining is subject in Illinois to effluent limitations in regard to such
parameters as iron, pH, lead, zinc, fluoride, suspended solids, nitrogen and
acid. Because enforcement of the dissolved solids regulation results in
increased costs of operation, the mining industry is seeking relief from
73
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M78-28 (continued)
compliance. A review of the existing dischargers affected by this regulation
and the magnitude of the problem is first presented as background. Then the
range of costs incurred by the coal mining industry is examined, and the
impact of such costs on the price, output, and employment in the coal industry
is described. The benefits are then compared to the costs of regulation
associated with a total dissolved solids regulation for the coal mining
industry. (From authors' Introduction) R1007aF
M78-29 MEIOFAUNAL ABUNDANCE IN SANDBARS OF ACID MINE POLLUTED, RECLAIMED,
AND UNPOLLUTED STREAMS IN SOUTHEASTERN OHIO
Hummon, W. D., Evans, W. A., Hummon, M. R., Doherty, F. G., Walnberg, R. H.,
and Stanley, W. S. (Ohio University, Department of Zoology and Microbiology)
in "Energy and Environmental Stress in Aquatic Systems," J. H. Thorp and J.
W. Gibbons, Eds., Selected papers from a symposium held at Augusta, Georgia,
Nov. 2-4, 1977, sponsored by Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of
Georgia, Institute of Ecology, U.S. DOE, Assistant Secretary for Environment,
and Savannah River National Environmental Research Park, U.S. DOE, Technical*
Information Center, CONF-771114 (1978). pp 188-203. In October and November
1976, a collection was made at each of two sites along seven streams in
Athens, Vinton, and Hocking counties, Ohio, during a period of stable weather.
Streams were chosen to include watersheds with no mining and with varying
histories of mining and reclamation. In a dendrogram of S ' similarity
analysis, the unpolluted streams along with several sites with a past history
of mining formed an eight- site complex, showing H' taxon diversity values of
1.6 to 2.8 with 40 to 80% in common. The remaining sites, all with a past
history of mining, formed two groups. One group of four sites, dominated by
rotifers, snowed H1 values of 1.2 to 1.6 with 36 to 52% in common. The second
group of two sites, dominated by nematodes, showed H1 values of 1.3 to 1.5
with 46% in common. (From authors' abstract) CE823
M78-30 ABATEMENT OF ACID MINE DRAINAGE BY INHIBITION OF THIQBACILLUS
FERROOXIDANS
Kleinmann, R. L. p., Crerar, D. A., and Mohring, E. H. (Princeton University,
Department of Geological and Geophysical Sciences), Association of Engineering
Geologists, Annual Meeting, Oct. 18, 1978. 10 pp. The role of Thiobacillus
ferrooxidana in acid mine drainage formation at three pH levels Is explained.
Detergents were successfully used as acid-formation inhibitors at sites in
Ohio, West Virginia, and Pennsylvania. Since detergents are very soluble,
research continues on finding a method for releasing them slowly at the site.
CE714
M78-31 REDUCING ACID MINE DRAINAGE THROUGH INHIBITION OF THIOBACILLUS
FERROOXIDANS BY CONTROLLED RELEASE OF ANIONIC DETERGENTS
Kleinmann, R. L. p., Crerar, D. A., and Mohring, E. H., Princeton University,
Department of Geological and Geophysical Sciences (undated, prepared 1978).
(19 PP') A bacterium, Thiobacillus ferrooxidans, accelerates pyrite oxidation
and thereby plays an important role in the problem of acid mine drainage.
74
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M78-31 (continued)
Aniemic detergents were tested as a means of inhibiting T_. ferrooxidans in
laboratory simulations of a coal mine or refuse pile environment. Detergent
concentrations greater than 10 ppm decreased acidity and iron values; a
minimum concentration of 25 ppm was required to reduce these values to
approximately that of sterile controls. Controlled release formulations were
tested aa a potential method of inexpensively adding detergent to rainfall
infiltration over a time period of months or years. Field testing of the
method on actual mine sites indicate that significant reductions of acidity
are possible at low cost. (Authors' abstract) CE713
M70-32 IMPACT OF MINE DRAINAGE ON A MOUNTAIN STREAM IN PENNSYLVANIA
Letterman, R. D. and Mitsch, W. J. (Illinois Institute of Technology,
Pritzker Department of Environmental Engineering), Environmental Pollution _T7
(1), 53-73 (1978). Physicochemical parameters and fish and benthic
macroinvertebrate community structure were studied in Ben's Creek, located
just south of Johnstown. Sampling stations were located upstream and
downstream of coal mine drainage in an otherwise unpolluted stream. Due to an
alkaline discharge and significant upstream alkalinity the pH below the mine
discharges remained between 6.5 and 8. The major factor affecting the benthic
community and fish population appeared to be ferric hydroxide deposition. The
blomass of macroinvertebrates decreased from approximately I4g wet wt/m above
the discharges to 0.1-1.5g wet wt/m within the area of iron deposition.
Invertebrate diversity decreased significantly at the discharge but recovered
to 75% of upstream values. The low but constant-temperature discharge from
the mine may have enhanced the diversity recovery. The standing crop of fish
decreased from approximately 228 to 11 kg/ha. Benthic fishes such as sculpin
and suckers were the groups most affected. (From authors' abstract) CE634
M78-33 EVALUATION OF THE VOLUMES AND CHARACTERISTICS OF MINE WASTE EFFLUENTS
OF THREE STRIP MINE LOCALITIES IN EASTERN KENTUCKY AND THEIR
POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
Leung, S. S. and Hester, N. C., Eastern Kentucky University, Final Report,
Covering the Period of Jan. 1, 1976 through June 30, 1977, to Argonne National
Laboratory, Research Contract No. 31-109-38-3375, Jan. 1978. (297 pp.) The
three study sites in the Hazard Coal-Reserve District are all either on the
North Fork of the Kentucky River, or on a tributary to the North Fork. One
site is in Breathitt County, one in Perry County, and the third, where the
study was of the shortest duration, in Letcher County. The report describee
the stratigraphy of the coal beds, the soils, and site characteristics, and
gives results of analyses of overburden, coals, and water samples from mine
effluents and receiving streams. Only at th« site In Perry County, where the
relatively high sulfur Hazard #9 coal was being mined, was acid drainage a
potential problem. Increases in chemical parameters in mine effluents were
reduced as mining ended and the sites were reclaimed. Sediment was judged to
b« much note of a problem than degradation of the chemical quality of the
waters* It was also concluded that using settling ponds to remove sediment
was not a satisfactory control method in the hilly terrain of eastern
Kentucky. CE546
75
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M78-34 MODEL STATE PROGRAM FOR CONTROL AND PREVENTION OF WATER POLLUTION
FROM SURFACE MINES
Ohio River Valley Water Sanitation Commission Ad Hoc Work Group on Mine
Drainage Control, Dec. 1978. 15 pp. This second report in & series of model
programs developed by ORSANCO is composed of three elements: 1) preplanning
to insure proper functioning of new mines, 2) control of active nine
operations to assure that the approved plan is followed during the active life
of the mine, and 3) post-mining control to provide satisfactory reclamation
and maintenance of abandoned mines. The program delineates the extent of
legal authority necessary for conducting an effective control program and
professional expertise required to implement such a program. (From Summary of
the Report) CE686
M78-35 ROTATING-DISC BIOLOGICAL OXIDATION OF FERROUS IRON IN ACID MINE
DRAINAGE TREATMENT
Olem, H., The Pennsylvania State University, Ph.D. Thesis, 1978. 168 pp.
University Microfilms Int., No. 79-02635. At three coal mining locations,
Hawk Run, and Hollywood, Pennsylvania and Crown, West Virginia, treatment of
six, heterogeneous mine waters was investigated in experiments with pilot-
scale (0.5 m diameter) and prototype (2.0 m) rotating biological contactor
(RBC) units. Fe(II) oxidation efficiency was an average 10 percent lower with
the 2.0 m than with the 0.5 m RBC under equivalent conditions with homologous
mine drainage. In experiments with synthetic mine drainage, Fe(II) oxidation
in Che bench-scale RBC was improved by supplementation with natural mine
drainage. Examination of solids samples removed from disc surfaces of the 0.5
m RBC operating at Hollywood, Pennsylvania revealed the presence of iron-
oxidizing and heterotrophic bacteria in a gelatinous, iron-containing matrix.
A gelatinous surface covering was not seen on the disc surfaces in field
experiments at Hawk Run, Pennsylvania, where Fe(II) oxidation efficiency was
10 to 20 percent less than at other locations. Heterotrophic bacteria
recovered from mine water and disc solids may produce the gelatinous film.
Neutralization of RBC effluent and separation of precipitated iron solids must
be applied in a complete treatment scheme to produce water of a suitable
quality for stream-release. (From author's abstract) CE284aF
M78-36 MICROBIAL SULFUR CYCLE ACTIVITY AT A WESTERN COAL STRIP MINE
Olion, G. J. and McFetere, G. A., Montana State University, Montana University
Joint Water Resources Research Center, MUJWRRC Report No. 98 (Nov. 1978).
79 pp. NTIS, PB-291 722/7WN. Also submitted by G. J. Olson as "Aspects of
Microbial Sulfur Cycle Activity at a Western Coal Strip Mine," Montana State
University, Ph.D. Thesis, June 1978. The activity of certain groups of sulfur
cycle bacteria associated with waters, sediments, and the coal bearing strata
of a coal strip mine at Decker, Montana, was studied. Thiobaclllus
ferrooxidans, one of the major contributors to acid mine drainage, was
consistently detected in the mining environment. Since 1) acidic conditions
were never observed at Decker, 2) the isolates died off in mine water
environments, and 3) no acid could be formed from coal samples inoculated with
a T. ferrooxidans isolate, it was thought that their activity was limited to
microzones in the coal bearing strata where they oxidized aulfuric material.
76
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M78-36 (continued)
Sulfate reducing bacteria also were common in the mine waters and sediments*
These organisms were particularly active in the settling pond sediments as was
evidenced by the rapid rate of conversion of radiolabeled sulfate to sulfide.
The hydrogen sulfide produced by these organisms contributed to heavy metal
precipitation In the settling pond. (From authors' abstract) CE698
M78-37 SUBMERSIBLE PUMPS FOR MINE DRAINAGE
Orton, D. J. (FLYGT Pumps Ltd.), Pumps 138, 93-95 (March 1978). Although this
article focuses on a specific brand of commercially available pumps, a concise
discussion is provided of the general problems that may be encountered when
pumping mine water and the way the design and construction of the submersible
pump helps to overcome them. Some of the pumping arrangements used and the
development of the submersible pump are also discussed. R927
M78-38 PRECIPITATION OF IRON RELATED COLOR BODIES
Paul, S. N. (to Chemed Corporation), U.S. Patent 4,071,450 (Jan. 31, 1978).
3 pp. The inventor claims a method of clarifying iron waste waters containing
suspended iron-containing particles. The process comprises adding an
effective amount of basic dyes such as methylene blue, methyl violet, or
malachite green and the like, alone or in combination with organic or
inorganic additives, and recovering a clarified correspondingly blue or green
tinted water. (Abstract of the disclosure adapted) CE712
M78-39 MINE DRAINAGE PROBLEMS IN NORTH DERBYSHIRE
peters, T. W., The Mining Engineer 137 (200), 463-473 (March 1978). Removing
water from working mines in the area and minimizing infiltration Is
complicated by numerous pathways for surface water and by connections between
mines and from seam to seam where mines have been closed down. The author
describes the geohydrology of a number of mines in the area and the
performance of pumping stations in dealing with the problems of water
handling. Some of the discharges contain iron, sulfate, and acid from pyrite
oxidation and must be treated. Jour, CE645
M78-40 SOME RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN STRIPMINING AND GROUNDWATER
phelps, L. B. (The Pennsylvania State University), Earth and Mineral Sciences
47 (9), 65-68 (June 1978). Briefly discussed are the potentials for
grbundwater pollution or depletion that might result from surface mining and
the need for knowledge of the groundwater regime during mine preplanning.
PSU, CE811
M78-41 A TWO-ELEMENT CERAMIC SENSOR FOR MATRIC POTENTIAL AND SALINITY
MEASUREMENTS
Scholl, D. G. (Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station,
Albuquerque, New Mexico), Soil Science Society of America Journal _4_2_ (3),
77
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M78-41 (continued)
429-432 (May-June 1978). A two-element ceramic sensor was developed to
produce optimum electrical response both to Boil water matrie potential and
salinity. A spring-loaded housing was developed for the elements for either
drill-hole or pit-face placement. The sensors were calibrated under various
metric potential, salinity, and temperature conditions. An initial field test
with 72 sensors was conducted under irrigated coal mine spoil conditions.
Laboratory and field results indicated reasonable instrument precision over a
wide range of matric potential and salinity. The correlation between sensor
output and water content in the field was best where the mean of several
sensors was used. (Author's abstract) R933
M78-42 REDUCING WATER LEAKAGE INTO UNDERGROUND COAL MINES BY AQUIFER
DEWATERING
Schubert, J. P. (Argonne National Laboratory, Energy and Environmental Systems
Division), in Proceedings of the International Symposium on Water in Mining
and Underground Works, Vol. II, Granada, Spain, Sept. 18-22, 1978. pp
911-931. Based on stratigraphic, structural, hydrogeologlc, and mining data
collected during a study in central Pennsylvania, a two-dimensional, finite-
difference computer model was used to simulate groundwater flow in a sandstone
unit (0.3 to 11 m thick) overlying an underground mine, and to evaluate the
responses of the flow system and leakage rate into the mine when hypothetical
dewatering wells are introduced into the system. Simulation of well
dewatering, using 25 wells, showed that negligible reduction in leakage would
occur if sandstone permeability was less than 0.30 m/day. When sandstone
permeability equalled 3.0 m/day, 25 wells reduced leakage by 2.4 percent.
(Author's abstract) CE352
M78-43 SITE SELECTION AND DESIGN FOR MINIMIZING POLLUTION FROM UNDERGROUND
COAL MINING OPERATIONS
Shotts, R. Q., Sterett, E., and Simpson, T. A., The University of Alabama,
Report to U.S. EPA, Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory, Cincinnati,
Ohio, Interagency Energy-Environment Research and Development Program Report
EPA-600/7-78-006 (Jan. 1978). 98 pp. NTIS, PB-280 180/1WN. This study
carried out in the Alabama coal fields was started in September 1974 at two
sites where mining could be expected to be started after preliminary data had
been collected. However, as plans for mining the areas never developed, the
study was transferred to an area where mining was in the early stages. At the
third site, the premining environment was assessed by sampling Cedar Creek
above the mined area and other streams to the east and west of the site.
Analyses of groundwater coming into the mine from "dripper" joints, of water
pumped from the mine sump, and of water from Cedar Creek below the mine showed
that pollution from the mine was slight even when untreated effluent flowed
directly into the creek. Geological and hydrological conditions observed
along with the analytical results suggest that water pollution should be
minimal during the life of the mine and, If the openings are sealed after mine
closure, pollution resulting from mine water should be prevented. It is
78
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M78-43 (continued)
estimated that future subsidence will also be minimal. (Adapted from authors'
abstract) CE548
M78-44 BIOELECTRIC NEUTRALIZATION OF ACID WATERS
Sisler, F. D. and Senftle, F. E. (to The United States of America as
represented by the Secretary of the Interior), U.S. Pat. 4,072,798 (Feb. 7,
1978). 7 pp. An apparatus to be used in a process for bioelectric
neutralization of a body of water having a bottom of anaerobic mud and an acid
supernatant liquid, the apparatus comprising a buoy riding on the surface of
the water, and upper electrode preferably of carbon suspended from the buoy in
the acid supernatant liquid, a lower electrode preferably of iron embedded in
the anaerobic mud and a flexible, insulated electrical conductor preferably an
insulated copper cable, conductively attached to the upper and lower
electrodes. A plurality of sets of apparatus may be used spaced apart from
each other in the body of water. (Abstract of the disclosure) US Pat, CE654
M78-45 MOSSBAUER SPECTROSCOPIC INVESTIGATION OF IRON SPECIES IN COAL
Smith, G. V. (1), Liu, J.-H. (1), Saporoschenko, M. (1), and Shiley, R. (2)
[(1) Southern Illinois University and (2) Illinois State Geological Survey],
Fuel 57 (l)i 41-45 (Jan. 1978). The authors discuss various iron-containing
mineraTs which they identified in a series of samples of Herrin No. 6 coal.
The samples Included whole coal, autoclaved char, vitrain, and fusain. CE658
M78-46 ASSESSMENT TECHNIQUES FOR MODELING WATER QUALITY IN A RIVER BASIN
AFFECTED BY COAL-RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT
Steele, T. D. (U.S. Geological Survey, Lakewood, Colorado), Symposium on
Modelling the Water Quality of the Hydrological Cycle, Baden, Austria, by
International Association of Hydrological Sciences and International Institute
for Applied Systems Analysis, Sept. 11-15, 1978. 16 pp. Modeling techniques
were used in five component studies to evaluate direct and indirect impacts of
coal-resource development in the Yampa River basin, Colorado and Wyoming.
Sediment from surface mining and solute transported into ground water from
spoil, pond seepage, and fly ash disposal are some of the factors evaluated by
the models. CE551
M78-47 APPLICATION OF MOSSBAUER SPECTROSCOPY TO MONITOR ACID MINE DRAINAGE
POTENTIALS OF COAL SEAMS
Stiller, A. H. (1), Renton, J. J. (1), Montano, P. A. (2), and Russell, P. E.
(2) [(!•) West Virginia Geological Survey and (2) West Virginia University],
Fuel 57 (7), 447-448 (July 1978). Samples of a pyrite lens from a Waynesburg
coal seam near Maidsville, West Virginia, were studied with MSssbauer
spectroscopy and by x-ray diffraction. The lens was divided into reactive and
unreactive portions based on whether the portion was encrusted (reactive) or
not encrusted (unreactive). X-ray diffraction showed little difference
between the two portions while Mossbauer apectroscopy showed the presence of
79
-------
M7B-47 (continued)
iron aulfate in the portion of the lens assumed to be reactive and only pyrite
in Che portion considered to be unreactive. Jour, CE659
M78-48 OXYGEN CONSUMPTION AS A FUNCTION OF pH IN THREE SPECIES OF FRESHWATER
FISHES
Ultsch, G. R. (University of Alabama, Department of Biology), Copela (2),
272-279 (1978). Bluegills, goldfish and channel catfish were exposed to
acidic water at intervals of 0.5 pH units to reinvestigate the effects of
hydrogen ion concentration upon the ability of freshwater fishes to use oxygen
from the water for respiration. At a pH of 4.5, only the bluegill was able to
survive. Death occurred at 3.5, but not from anoxia. The goldfish could not
tolerate acid water with a pH of 4.5 - 4.0 but did not die from lack of
oxygen. The channel catfish was the only species to show signs of anoxia at a
low pH. The results of this research suggest that the death of fish at low pH
may vary among species. CE663
M78-49 HYDROLOCIC CHARACTERISTICS OF COAL-MINE SPOILS, SOUTHEASTERN MONTANA
Van Voast, W. A., Hedges, R. B., and McDermott, J. J., Montana State
University, Montana University Joint Water Resources Research Center, MUJWRRC
Report No. 94 (June 1978). 34 pp. NTIS, PB-289 223/OWN. The Absaloka,
Rosebud, Big Sky, and Decker mines were studied to determine the effects of
mining on spoil ground-water quality. Hydraulic conductivities of saturated
spoils are more diverse than those of the undisturbed coal beds but have
comparable average values. Aquifer development In mine spoils is greatest
near the bases of the spoils where coarse rubble and wasted coal accumulate.
Median concentrations of dissolved solids (major constituents) and of some
trace elements are higher in waters from mine spoils than in waters from coal
beds. The potential for increased dissolved solids is considered the most
significant. Trace elements, while detectable, were not present in alarmingly
high concentrations. CE261
M78-50 SOURCE ASSESSMENT: WATER POLLUTANTS FROM COAL STORAGE AREAS
Wachter, R. A. and Blackwood, T. R., Monsanto Research Corporation, Report to
U.S. EPA, Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory, Cincinnati, Ohio,
EPA-600/2-78-004m (May 1978). 106 pp. NTIS, PB-285 420. This report
quantifies the effluent levels from coal stock piles maintained outdoors at
production and usage sites by examining both freshly mined and aged coale from
six coal regions of the United States. A representative source is defined to
help characterize the wastewater level from the storage areas. Effluent data
were obtained by subjecting coals to rainfall beneath a simulation apparatus
and collecting grab samples of the wastewater. The samples were analyzed for
organic and inorganic substances and water quality parameters. Hydrologic
relationships were used to estimate the runoff concentrations. Water quality
criteria concentrations are compared with these levels to estimate their
potential environmental impact. Applicable and future control techniques are
discussed along with the growth and nature of stockpile quantities retained at
facilities. (From authors' abstract) EPA, CE614
80
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M78-51 THE STREAM ENVIRONMENT AND MACROINVERTEBRATE COMMUNITIES: CONTRASTING
EFFECTS OF MINING IN COLORADO AND THE EASTERN UNITED STATES
Ward, J. V. (1), Canton, S. P. (1), and Gray, L. J. (2) t(l) Colorado State
University, Department of Zoology and Entomology and (2) Arizona State
University, Department of Zoology], in "Energy and Environmental Stress in
Aquatic Systems," J. H. Thorp and J. W. Gibbons, Eds., Selected papers from a
symposium held at Augusta, Georgia, Nov. 2-4, 1977, sponsored by Savannah
River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, Institute of Ecology, U.S.
DOE, Assistant Secretary for Environment, and Savannah River National
Environmental Research Park, UtS. DOE, Technical Information Center,
CONF-771H4 (1978). pp 176-187. Species composition, diversity, and standing
crop were examined in studies conducted year-round on Trout Creek, a
northwestern Colorado stream that receives drainage from the Edna Mine of
Pittaburg & Midway Coal Mining Company. Results are compared with similar
studies conducted in eastern states. Generally low values of sulfate and
iron, highly-buffered waters, and low levels of toxic substances characterized
the Colorado stream and applied, in general, to many streams in the western
energy-development region. Moderate inputs of soluble salts increased
abundance of macroinvertebrates without significant changes in community
structure or other discernible indications of stressed conditions. This is
attributed to the relatively soft waters above the mine and the protection
afforded by a buffer strip between the mine spoils and the stream. (Adapted
from authors' abstract) CE823a
M78-52 UNIQUE AUTOMATIC HATER TREATMENT PLANT AT SILVERDALE COLLIERY
Whitworth, K., World Coal 4^ (1), 20-22 (Jan. 1978). The process includes lime
neutralization, sludge thickening with polyelectrolyte, and vacuum filtration
of the sludge. Filter cake composition is given and automatic control of the
various process steps is described. While the effluent has an iron
concentration within required limits, its dissolved solids' content is
approximately 2,500 ppm. Jour, CE99a
M78-53 COMBINATION LIMESTONE-LIME NEUTRALIZATION OF FERROUS IRON ACID MINE
DRAINAGE
Wilmoth, R> C., U.S. EPA, Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory,
Cincinnati, Ohio, Environmental Protection Technology Series, EPA-600/2-78-002
(Jan. 1978). 52 pp. NTIS, PB-280 169/4WP. Studies were conducted on
ferrous-iron acid mine drainage (AMD) treatment by a two-step neutralization
process in which rock-dust limestone was mixed with the influent AMD and then
hydrated lime was added in a polishing reactor. This combination treatment
process resulted in reagent consumption cost reductions aa high as 30 percent
as compared to those for single-stage hydrated lime treatment of the same AMD.
Later data indicated that an equal cost reduction (compared to single-stage
lime treatment) could be achieved by a two-stage hydrated lime process in
which the AMD and recycled sludge Mere mixed in the first reaction vessel and
hydrated lime was added in the second reactor. No cost advantage for the
combination process over straight hydrated lime treatment was felt to exist in
situations where sludge recycling was not employed. (Author's abstract) EPA,
CE563
81
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M78-54 APPLICATION OF ION EXCHANGE TO ACID MINE DRAINAGE TREATMENT
Wllmoth, R. C. (1), Scott, R. B. (1), and Harris, E. F. (2) [U.S. EPA, (1)
Crown Field Site, Rivesville, West Virginia and (2) Industrial Environmental
Research Laboratory, Cincinnati, Ohio], in "Proceedings of the 32nd Industrial
Waste Conference, May 10, 11, and 12, 1977, Purdue University, Lafayette,
Indiana," Ann Arbor, Michigan: Ann Arbor Science Publishers, Inc., 1978.
pp 820-829. The authors discuss the Sul-biSul process used at the water
treatment plant, Smith Township, Pennsylvania; the modified Desal process used
at the Hawk Run plant, Pennsylvania; and the strong-acid/weak-base two-resin
process investigated at EPA's Crown Mine Drainage Control Field Site near
Morgantown, West Virginia. Some data from the studies at the Crown Site are
presented. They show that in treated Crown drainage sodium and sulfate
together exceed the 500 mg/1 standard for total dissolved solids for
potability. 628.2 1323, CE641
1979
M79-1 PLANNING EROSION CONTROL FOR COAL MINING AND RECLAMATION
Anderson, C. E. and Briggs, J. M. (Iowa State University, Department of
Agricultural Engineering), Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 34 (5),
234-236 (Sept.-Oct. 1979). A study conducted by the Iowa Coal Prol&ct to
Improve the agricultural production potential of mined land and to minimize
erosion is described. The reclamation plan included terracing and diverting
the drainage from each terrace to one or two discharge outlets. Although the
sediment pond was constructed to approximate federal design standards,
effluent standards could not be met. The authors concluded that it is
doubtful if any sediment pond design could do so. Sampling during the program
indicated that the sediment pond discharge had no effect on water quality In
the receiving stream. CE825
M79-2 AREAWIDE ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT FOR ISSUING NEW SOURCE NPDES
PERMITS FOR COAL MINES IN THE MONONGAHELA RIVER BASIN, WEST VIRGINIA
U.S. EPA, Region III, Nov. 1979. 15 pp.+ map. In the EPA areawide approach
to the environmental review process for the requirements for the "National
Pollutant Discharge Elimination System" (NPDES), baseline information is being
compiled on geology and geography, on historic, aesthetic, and recreational
sites, on environmentally sensitive areas, and on stream water quality of
watersheds affected by coal mining. This description of the Information
gathered for the lower Monongahela River Basin is accompanied by a map showing
the portions designated as Potentially Significant Impact Areas. The results
of this environmental information survey, together with the Supplemental
Information Form submitted for each application for a mining permit aids In
the evaluation of the environmental Impact of a New Source coal mine. CE791
M79-3 TVA STRIP MINE ASSESSMENT MODEL: HYDROLOGIC COMPONENT
Bales, J. (Tennessee Valley Authority, Water Systems Development Branch), in
Proceedings, Symposium on Surface Mining Hydrology, Sedlmentology, and
Reclamation, Lexington, Kentucky, by University of Kentucky and Institute for
82
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M79-3 (continued)
Mining and Minerals Research, Dec. 4-7, 1979, S. B. Carpenter, Ed., University
of Kentucky, Office of Engineering Services, UKY BU119 (Dec. 1979).
pp 265-270. A double triangle unit hydrograph model which has been tested
extensively on urban, forested, and agricultural watersheds is currently being
modified such that storm events on surface mined watersheds may be analyzed
and subsequently simulated. Predictive regionalized equations are developed
relating a measure of the runoff intensity to the time of concentration, which
Is then related to the unit hydrograph parameters. The storm hydrograph model
may be used in conjunction with a rainfall generator, a continuous daily
atreamflow model, a sediment transport model, a background water quality
model, and an aquatic biota model component, all of which are now available,
to simulate pre- and post-mining streamflow quantity and quality. (Author's
abstract) 631 K961, CE852u
M79-4 PREDICTION OF SEDIMENT YIELD FROM SURFACE MINED WATERSHEDS
Barfield, B. J., Moore, I. D., and Williams, R. G. (University of Kentucky,
Agricultural Engineering Department), in Proceedings, Symposium on Surface
Mining Hydrology, Sedimentology, and Reclamation, Lexington, Kentucky, by
University of Kentucky and Institute for Mining and Minerals Research, Dec.
4-7, 1979, S. B. Carpenter, Ed., University of Kentucky, Office of Engineering
Services, UKY BUI19 (Dec. 1979). pp 83-91. In this paper, a discussion is
given of methods for predicting both long term and single storm sediment
yield. Particular emphasis is given to methods which use the Universal Soil
Loss Equation (USLE) as a base. Attention is directed towards outlining the
fundamental baala of the procedures, the complexity, data requirements and
availability, and expected accuracy. Very little reaearch has been directed
toward predicting the size distribution and time distribution of single storm
sediment yield. A discussion IB given of this research and preliminary
proposals made for using the available information to predict both time and
size distribution. (From authors' Introduction) 631 K961, CE852h
M79-5 FILTRATION OF SEDIMENT BY SIMULATED VEGETATION. I. STEADY-STATE
FLOW WITH HOMOGENEOUS SEDIMENT
Barfield, B. J., Toll tier, E. W., and Hayes, J. C. (University of Kentucky),
Transactions of the ASAE 22, 540-548 (1979). Published as University of
Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station Journal Article No. 77-2-128. A
steady state model is presented for determining the sediment filtration
capacity of a grass media under varying flow rates, sediment loads, particle
sizes, flow durations, channel slopes, and media density. Each component of
the model was tested in laboratory studies on artificial media. It Is
possible to uae the model to predict the required media spacing, channel
slope, and length of media to give a desired outflow concentration for given
flow conditions. Based on simulations using the model, it apprears that, for
a given flow condition, the outflow concentration depends primarily on channel
slope and spacing whereas the time required to completely inundate the filter
with sediment depends primarily on sediment load. (From authors' Summary and
Conclusion) CE724
83
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M79-6 TVA STRIP MINE AQUATIC ASSESSMENT MODEL: BENTHIC INVERTEBRATE MODULE
Barr, W. C. (Tennessee Valley Authority, Fisheries and Aquatic Ecology
Branch), in Proceedings, Symposium on Surface Mining Hydrology, Sedimentology
and Reclamation, Lexington, Kentucky, by University of Kentucky and Institute
for Mining and Minerals Research, Dec. 4-7, 1979, S. B. Carpenter, Ed.,
University of Kentucky, Office of Engineering Services, UKY BUI19 (Dec.
1979). pp 243-249. Data from several small unmtned, recently mined, and
older abandoned mine areas were collected, analyzed, and used to develop a
simulation model that, given appropriate local information, has the potential
to predict the impact of surface mining on stream biota. The model is
expressed as a series of ordinary differential equations that when integrated
with the Initial value of the compartment of interest will show the change in
the faunal assemblage with the hydrologic changes through time. The system
incorporates temperature changes, sediment transport, and storm event
discharges from the hydrologic segments of the model and uses these data to
perturb the stream community. (From author's abstract) 631 K961, CE852r
M79-7 OVERVIEW OF TVA STRIP MINE AQUATIC ASSESSMENT MODEL
Beteon, R. (Tennessee Valley Authority), American Society of Agricultural
Engineers, Winter Meeting, New Orleans, Louisiana, Dec. 11-14, 1979. Paper
No. 79-2537. 23 pp. A watershed hydrology model, regionalized so that it can
be readily applied using watershed characteristics and climatological
Information alone, is described. Validation tests using data collected in
coal mining areas are used to show how it may be used to predict probable
hydrologic consequences of mining on the hydrologic balance. (Author's
Summary) ASAE, CE836
M79-8 THE EFFECT OF STRIP MINING ON THE HEADWATER HYDROGRAPH OF EASTERN
KENTUCKY
Bryan, B. A. and Hewlett, J. D. (University of Georgia), in Proceedings,
Symposium on Surface Mining Hydrology, Sedimentology, and Reclamation,
Lexington, Kentucky, by University of Kentucky and Institute for Mining and
Minerals Research, Dec. 4-7, 1979, S. B. Carpenter, Ed., University of
Kentucky, Office of Engineering Services, UKY BU119 (Dec. 1979). pp 51-55.
The Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, Berea, Kentucky, installed 6 weirs
and 4 recording raingages on 6 small drainage basins in Breathitt County,
Kentucky. Five of the basins were partially stripped over the next 7 years
and 1 basin was held as a control. The School of Forest Resources at the
University of Georgia and the Forest Service entered a joint study of these
basins in 1977. Based on the preliminary results of the study, the authors
tentatively conclude that generally surface mining does not greatly alter the
flood-producing potential of the Eastern Coal Fields. (Adapted from authors'
abstract) 631 K961, CE8S2d
M79-9 ACID PRECIPITATION: A COMMENT
Bucek, M. F. (HRB-Singer, Inc.), in Proceedings, Symposium on Surface Mining
Hydrology, Sedimentology, and Reclamation, Lexington, Kentucky, by University
of Kentucky and Institute for Mining and Minerals Research, Dec. 4-7, 1979, S.
84
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M79-9 (continued)
B. Carpenter, Ed., University of Kentucky, Office of Engineering Services,
UKY BU119 (Dec. 1979). pp 33-34. Acid precipitation with pH values about 4.0
has been observed to be a widespread phenomenon in the northeastern United
States^ Acidification of surface water bodies, increased rates of soil
leaching as well as potential water quality problems associated with runoff
discharges from regraded mine spoils are some of the resulting environmental
problems. (Author's abstract) 631 K961. CE852a
M79-10 SELECTED WATER RESOURCES DATA, CLARION RIVER AND REDBANK CREEK
BASINS, NORTHWESTERN PENNSUVANIA--PART 2
Buckwalter, T. F., Dodge, C. H., and Schiner, G. R., U.S. Geological Survey,,
Water Resource* Division, Water Resources Investigations 79-19, prepared in
cooperation with Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources, USCS/WR1-
79-19 (July 1979). 135 pp. Hydrologlc information including data on
aquifers, water levels, and yields is presented for 1,304 wells. Record* for
51 springs are also given. The report contains 83 chemical analyses of water
samples collected from 30 stream sites and 300 analyses of water from 196
wells and 43 springs. Also included are 103 trace-element analyses. Monthly
and annual means of ground-water levels for six observation wells are
tabulated. Benthic invertebrate data from 136 stream sites are listed.
Locations of data-collection sites are shown on 50 page-size reduction* of 7
1/2-minute topographic quadrangle maps. (Authors' abstract) US Geol, CE854
M79-11 SEDIMENT CHARACTERISTICS OF THE NEW RIVER TENNESSEE
Carey, W. P. (U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Department, Nashville,
Tennessee), in Proceedings, Symposium on Surface Mining Hydrology,
Sedimentology, and Reclamation, Lexington, Kentucky, by University of Kentucky
and Institute for Mining and Minerals Research, Dec. 4-7, 1979, S. B.
Carpenter, Ed., University of Kentucky, Office of Engineering Services,
UKJ BU119 (Dec. 1979). pp 197-202. Results of extensive water quality
sampling in the New River basin indicate that a significant characteristic of
the water resource is high suspended sediment loads. More than 90 percent of
this suspended sediment is silt and clay which imparts a turbid appearance to
the water and transports a proportionally large load of sorbed trace metals.
Suspended sediment concentration is found to be highly correlated with both
suspended and total trace metal concentrations. In contrast to this fine-
grained suspended load is an apparently large volume of coal which is
transported *s bedload during runoff events. Preliminary results of bedload
measurements indicate that the coal ranges in size from fine sand Co very
coarse gravel and frequently accounts for over SO percent by weight of the
material in the sample. (From author's abstract) 631 K961, CE852q
M79-12 THE EFFECT OF ACID MINE DRAINAGE WATER ON TWO PENNSYLVANIA SOILS
Clolkosz, E. J., Kardos, L. T., and Beers, W. F. (The Pennsylvania State
University, Department of Agronomy), Soil Science 127 (2), 102-107 (1979).
85
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M79-12 (continued)
Rayne and Guernsey soil material chat had had 523 en of acid mine water (AHW)
passed through it was analyzed. The pH, Ca content, and percent base
saturation of the soil material were lowered, and its CEC, acidity, and Fe and
Al contents increased. The increase in Al and Fe contents was much greater
than was the amount of Al and Fe added by the acid water. Thus, the acid
treatments mobilized some native soil Al and Fe in the treated soils. The
acid water treatment also created some new CEC sites. Phosphorous data showed
a depletion of P in the Rayne and a redistribution of it downward in the
Guernsey. Little or no change in particle size distribution and clay
mineralogy occurred as a result of the treatment. The various effects of the
acid water on the soil were the greatest in the upper parts of the soil.
(Authors' abstract) CEA02
M79-13 STRIP MINE DRAINAGE—AQUATIC IMPACT ASSESSMENT
Cox, D. B., Betson, R. P., Barr, W. C., Grossman, J. S., and Ruane, R. J.,
Tennessee Valley Authority, Office of Natural Resources, Lnteragency
Energy-Environment Research and Development Program Report to U.S. EPA,
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory, Cincinnati, Ohio, TVA/ONR-79/11,
EPA-600/7-79-036 (Feb. 1979). 93 pp. Preliminary findings of field studies
at contour -and area-type mining operations indicate that drainages from mined
areas are alkaline rather than acid, and calcium and magnesium concentrations
Increase as a result of mining in almost every instance. Furthermore, values
for iron and sulfate increase in some areas, but not in others, whereas values
for trace metals are generally low in all areas. The predominant fish in
small Cumberland Plateau streams is the creek chub (Semotilus atromaculatus).
and its primary food source is aquatic Invertebrates, including midge larvae,
spring tails, and aquatic mites. Several model components have been developed,
including a water quality model for nonpoint sources, a continuous streamflow
model, and a storm hydrograph model. Other model components being developed
or evaluated include additional smell-basin water quality models, water
quality and quantity routing models, a low-trophic-level stream-biota model,
and a fisheries resource model. (From authors' abstract) EPA, CE849
M79-14 SURFACE MINING AND THE HYDROLOGIC BALANCE
Curtis, W. R. (Northeastern Forest Experiment Station), Mining Congress
Journal 65_ (7), 35-40 (July 1979). The disturbance of land has created
conditions that alter normal infiltration rates, subsurface and overland
flows, and help to hasten erosion proceaaes and the consequent movement of
sediment. Surface mining has caused such disturbances and has affected water
quality and the hydrologic balance by Che removal of vegetation and the
compaction of soil. Reclamation, erosion, and sediment-yield studies are
discussed and the methods of available technology to control the effects of
surface mining on the hydrologic balance are described. CE858
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M79-15 HYDROGEOLOGY OF A WATERSHED WITH SUBIRRIGATED ALLUVIAL MATERIALS IN
CROP PRODUCTION
Dollhopf. D. J., Wendt, G. W., Goering, J. D., and Hedberg, D. W. (Montana
State University, Reclamation Research Program), in Proceedings, Symposium on
Surface Mining Hydrology, Sedimentology, and Reclamation, Lexington, Kentucky,
by University of Kentucky and Institute for Mining and Minerals Research, Dec.
4-7, 1979, S. B. Carpenter, Ed., University of Kentucky, Office of Engineering
Services, UKY. BU119 (Dec. 1979). pp 311-320. Concern existed that surface
mining updip from the cropland area would alter the subirrigation
characteristics of the alluvium. A major portion of the ground-water recharge
into the alluvium was from an aquifer located stratigraphically below coal
seams to be extracted, therefore most of the cropland area is expected to
remain subirrigated. However, as mining Intercepts secondary sources of
recharge to the alluvium, i.e. surface runoff and perched ground-water zones
within the overburden and coal seams, some lowering of the water table beneath
the cropland is expected. This may result in decreased crop yields. Thirty
to forty percent of the cropland area waa dependent upon subirrigation for at
least one-third of Its annual water requirement. Daily water table
fluctuations in alluvium during August closely corresponded to daily
evapotranspiration patterns, indicating the alfalfa crop was extracting much
of its water requirement from ground water. (From authors' abstract) 631
K961, CE852v
M79-16 DEVELOPMENT OF METHODS TO IMPROVE PERFORMANCE OF SURFACE MINE
SEDIMENT BASINS
Ettinger, C. E. (Skelly and Loy), American Society of Agricultural Engineers.
Winter Meeting, New Orleans, Lovislana, Dec. 11-14, 1979. Paper No. 79-2527.
& pp. An ongoing EPA sponsored project is described and some initial results
are presented. During the first phase of the project, six representative
sediment ponds in Appalachia were studied to determine possible improvements
in their design and influents tto the ponds were subjected to treatablllty
tests to determine the applicability of selected chemical coagulants. ASAE,
CE836c
M79-17 WATER DRAINAGE IN COAL MINES
Fernande*-Rubio, R. (University of Granada, Spain), World Coal 5 (12), 16-18
(1979). The Importance of hydrogeologlcal factors, such as the~speed and
direction of water flow, and the connection between the source area and the
discharge area, and how to take prevent*ttve measures against inrushes of
water is described. Pumping, the passive method of protection, is described
as being effective once water Infiltrates the mine, whereas an active
protection system Is based on advance and continuous pumping from wells to
reduce water pressure. In addition, a method denoted as "instantaneous"
controls drainage in the area immediately surrounding the mine to reduce the
water pressure. Special precautions are advised and guidelines are given
according to mining method for mining under bodies of water. CE8S9
87
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M79-18 DESIGN OF CHEMICAL TREATMENT SYSTEM FOR REMOVAL OF SUSPENDED SOLIDS
FROM SURFACE MINING RUNOFF FROM A 1000-ACRE WATERSHED
Force, E. G. and Tapp, J. S. (Commonwealth Technology, Inc.), In Proceedings,
Symposium on Surface Mining Hydrology, Sedimentology, and Reclamation,
Lexington, Kentucky, by University of Kentucky and Institute for Mining and
Minerals Research, Dec. 4-7, 1979, S. B. Carpenter, Ed., University of
Kentucky, Office of Engineering Services, UKY BU119 (Dec. 1979). pp 189-195,
The system, designed to meet EPA and OSM effluent limitations, consists of a
polyelectrolyte doaing station and a single relatively large sediment basin
located in the main hollow at the most downstream point in the watershed.
Material presented includes the detailed hydrologlc design of the detention
basin; the results of laboratory studies to characterize the expected runoff
water, to determine the optimum polyelectrolyte and dosages, and to determine
the settling characteristics of the raw and treated water, and the application
of results of the laboratory studies to the final design. (Adapted from
authors' abstract) 631 K961, CE852p
M79-19 EVALUATION OF THE RATE OF DECREASE IN THE IRON CONTENT OF WATER
PUMPED FROM A FLOODED SHAFT MINE IN COUNTY DURHAM, ENGLAND
Frost, R. C., Journal of Hydrology 40 (1-2), 101-111 (1979). An attempt is
made to provide a theoretical basis~Tor the evaluation of field data relating
to decreasing concentrations of iron in the drainage from flooded coal mines.
It is thought that this will aid the formulation and adoption of policies
aimed at abating the stream pollution caused by these discharges. The removal
of pyrite oxidation products from flooded mine workings Is described as a
convective mass-transfer process, and equations predicting an exponential
decrease in their concentration with time are derived from theoretical
considerations. In support of this model, the concentration of Fe, in the
water pumped from a flooded shaft mine was found to decrease with time. The
half-life of 350 days is compared with a value of 334 days
calculated from literature data relating to small self-draining drift mines in
the U.S.A. The practical value of the model is illustrated by estimation of
the volume of ferric hydroxide sludge that might be formed in a treatment
facility. (From author's abstract) CE716a
M79-20 PUMPING RATES AND THE IRON CONTENT OF SHAFT MINE WATER
Frost, R. C., Effluent and Water Treatment Journal 19 (2), 77-80 (Feb. 1979).
This paper attempts to determine the mechanism by whTch pumping rate controls
the iron content of water pumped from a deep shaft coal mine. Mine water
pumped to the surface is a mixture of ferruginous drainage from the flooded
workings with drainage from the non-flooded workings. Model studies indicate
that the concentration of iron in the water from flooded workings is
independent of the pumping rate. The iron content of the water pumped to the
surface is dependent on the relative amounts of the two drainage components
and this is controlled by the pumping rate. The implications of these effects
for pollution abatement policies are illustrated and discussed. (Author's
abstract) CE716
88
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M79-21 HYDROLOGIC AND HYDROGEOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SELECTED STRIP
MINE SPOILS IN WESTERN NORTH DAKOTA
Groenewold, G. H. (North Dakota Geological Survey), in "Ecology and Coal
Resource Development," M. K. Wali, Ed., New York: Pergamon Press, 1979.
pp 770-775. Two research sites instrumented to determine the hydrologic
conditions on reclaimed land are at the Indian Head Mine near Zap and at the
Center Mine near Center, North Dakota. Results of analyses of water samples
show great variation, but indicate that the geochemical processes of
dissolution of carbonate minerals, sodium-calcium exchange on sodium-
tnontmorillonitic clays, and oxidation of pyrite control the chemistry of the
ground water in these reclaimed areas. Water from the Center site has
generally less sodium, sulfate, and bicarbonate content than water from the
Indian Head site, reflecting the differences in the characteristics of the
overburden at the two mines. CE776
M79-22 GEOLOGY AND GEOHYDROLOGY OF THE KNIFE RIVER BASIN AND ADJACENT AREAS
OF WEST-CENTRAL NORTH DAKOTA
Groenewold, G. H., Hemlsh, L. A., Cherry, J. A., Rehm, B, W., Meyer, G. N.,
and Winczewski, L. M., North Dakota Geological Survey, Report of Investigation
No. 64 (1979). 402 pp.+ 37 Plates. This study has determined the regional
stratigraphic framework of the units overlying the Pierre Formation with
emphasis on detailed correlation of the Tertiary lignite-bearing strata and
has demonstrated that individual lignite beds are traceable for many tens of
miles and serve as convenient stratigraphic markers for subdividing the
Sentinel Butte and Bullion Creek Formations. The detailed stratigraphic
framework, thus defined, has allowed for a specific designation of the intake
zone for most of the farm and domestic wells in the study area. This
information, In conjunction with previously published groundwater chemical
data and additional selective sampling of wells as part of this study, has
allowed for a detailed definition of the chemical characteristics of water
within the various stratigraphic units. This, in turn, has allowed for the
formulation of groundwater geochemical models for the various groundwater
systems. The key processes which influence the evolution of groundwater in
the Knife River basin are: pyrite oxidation, carbonate dissolution, gypsum
precipitation and dissolution, cation exchange, and sulfate reduction. The
hydrostratigraphy and hydrochewistry of five proposed and active lignite-
mining sites have been discussed in detail. These include the Indian Head,
Beulah-Razen, and Dunn Center sites within the Knife River basin and the
Center and Falkirk sites which lie in close proximity to the Knife River
basin. The implications of the interpretive groundwater geochemical framework
relative to post-mining groundwater quality have been addressed. Of major
concern is the generation, in the post-mining landscapes, of waters
characterized by adverse sulfate contents generated by pyrite oxidation. In
one case the sulfate concentration in a groundwater sample from spoils at the
Indian Head site exceeded 9,400 mg/L. Sulfate concentrations in spoil waters
commonly exceeded 2,500 mg/L. (From Executive Summary) NDGS, CE827
89
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M79-23 THE EFFECTS OF SURFACE MINING OF COAL ON WATER QUALITY NEAR GRANDE
CACHE, ALBERTA
Hackbarth, D. A. (Alberta Research Council), Canadian Journal of Earth
Sciences _16_ (6), 1242-1253 (1979). Streams and springs in and near surface
coal nines located on the eastern slopes of the Canadian Rocky Mountains were
sampled between 1972 and 1978. Streams unaffected by mining activity
characteristically have calcium, magnesium, and bicarbonate as the dominant
ions. Total dissolved solids concentration usually ranges between 125 and 231
mg/L. Sulfate is usually about 20% of the anions and has a concentration leas
than 75 mg/L. Relative amounts of sodium, potassium, chloride, and nitrate
usually are less than 6Z of the ions. Values of pH commonly range between 7.6
and 8.2. The effects of mining activity on water quality vary in intensity
but follow a consistent pattern. The relative proportion of the various
cations does not change; however, their concentrations may rise to four times
background values. The concentration of anions also increases and there is a
shift in the relative proportions from bicarbonate to sulfate and, at the note
strongly affected sites, to nitrate. The distribution of pH values is not
significantly different from unaffected sites. (From author's abstract)
CE843
M79-24 STREAM BIOLOGICAL SURVEYS - SELF-DEFENSE FOR COAL MINE OPERATORS
Hampton, E. L., Pennington, W. L., Lackey, J. L., North, J. C., and McCoy, V.
W. (Resource Consultants, Inc.), in Proceedings, Symposium on Surface Mining
Hydrology, Sedimentology, and Reclamation, Lexington, Kentucky, by University
of Kentucky and Institute for Mining and Minerals Research, Dec. 4-7, 1979, S.
B. Carpenter, Ed., University of Kentucky, Office of Engineering Services,
UKY BU119 (Dec. 1979). pp 251-253. Methods of carrying out baseline
biological surveys of streams likely to be affected by mining activities,
interpretation of results of the surveys and their activities to coal mine
operators in making them are discussed. 631 K961, CE852s
M79-25 COAL MINING AND GROUND WATER
Hardaway, J. (U.S. EPA, Region VIII), in "Coal Surface Mining and Power
Production in the Face of Environmental Protection Requirements," Proceedings
of the Second U.S.-Polish Symposium, Castle Ksiaz, Poland, Sept. 26-28, 1979,
Interagency Energy-Environment Research and Development Program Report
EPA-600/7-79-159 (Oct. 1979). pp 103-125. Any type of coal mining has the
potential to temporarily disrupt the hydrologic balance. In this paper,
disruptions have been classified as having either a physical or chemical
Impact. Research on mining and reclamation effects on ground water quantity
and quality are discussed. EPA
M79-26 PRECIPITATION-RUNOFF RELATIONSHIPS FROM EPHEMERAL STREAMS IN THE
POWDER RIVER BASIN
Hasfurther, V. R. and Akerbergs, M. (University of Wyoming), in Proceedings,
Symposium on Surface Mining Hydrology, Sedimentology, and Reclamation,
90
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M79-26 (continued)
Lexington, Kentucky, by University of Kentucky and Institute for Mining And
Mineral* Research, Dec. 4-7, 1979, S. B. Carpenter, Ed., University of
Kentucky, Office of Engineering Services, UKY BU119 (Dec. 1979). pp 35-^2.
An experimental watershed established in 1973 on an ephemeral stream in the
Eastern Powder River Basin of Wyoming where surface coal mining activity is
taking place has been evaluated for pre-mlnlng surface hydrologlc conditions.
Results of analysis of data are presented on precipitation patterns, surface
runoff potential, infiltration rates, and seepage from reservoirs and stock
dans. A dlmensionleas unitgraph is presented which can be used to predict
runoff fro* ungagcd ephemeral streams. (Authors' abstract) 631 K961, C£852b
M79-27 EVALUATION OF VEGETAL FILTRATION FOR REDUCING SEDIMENT IN SURFACE
MINE RUNOFF
Hayes, J. C. (1), Barfleld, B. J. (I), and Barnhisel, R. I. (2) [University of
Kentucky (1) Agricultural Engineering Department and (2) Agronomy Department),
in Proceedings, Symposium on Surface Mining Hydrology, Sedlmentology, and
Reclamation, Lexington, Kentucky, by University of Kentucky and Institute for
Mining and Minerals Research, Dec. 4-7, 1979, S. B. Carpenter, Ed.,
University of Kentucky, Office of Engineering Services, UKY BU119 (Dec. 1979).
pp 93-98- A summary of a series of equations developed at the University of
Kentucky which can be used to estimate filter performance based on particle
size distribution, flowrate, concentration, channel slope, and filter
dimension is presented in this report. Extensive data collection using both
simulated and real grasses has shown a high correlation between observed and
estimated values. Examples of this data will be presented and explained. The
theoretical basis for the equations and a graphical solution will be discussed
la sufficient detail so th»t a user can determine if the relationships can be
applied to his needs. These procedures should demonstrate the fundamentals of
grass filter design and enable relatively inexperienced users to make
reasonable estimates. (From authors' abstract) 631 K961, CE8521
M79-28 THE IMPACTS OF COAL MINING ON SURFACE WATER AND CONTROL MEASURES
THEREFORE
Hill, &« D. (U.S. EPA, Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory,
Cincinnati, Ohio), in "Coal Surface Mining and Power Production in the Face of
Environmental Protection Requirements," Proceedings of the Second U.S.-Polish
Symposium, Castle Ksiaz, Poland, Sept. 26-28, 1979, Interagency
Energy-Environment Research and Development Program Report EPA-600/7-79-159
(Oct. 1979). pp 143-157. The chemical and physical water problems related
to surface and underground coal mining and refuse piles and slurry ponds are
described. Mine drainage abatement techniques available for the prevention of
pollution at the source and for treatment after mining are reviewed. EPA
M79-29 OVERBURDEN MINERALOGY AS RELATED TO GROUND WATER CHEMICAL CHANGES IN
COAL STRIP MINING
Hounslow, A. W. (1), Fitzpatrlck, J. (1), Cerrlllo, L. A. (2), and Freeland,
M. (2) IU) Colorado School of Mines Research Institute and (2) Engineering
91
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M79-29 (continued)
Enterprise*i Inc.], in Proceedings, Symposium on Surface Mining Hydrology,
Sedlmentology, and Reclamation, Lexington, Kentucky. by University of Kentucky
and Institute for Mining and Minerals Research, Dec. 4-7, 1979, s. B.
Carpenter, Ed., University of Kentucky, Office of Engineering Services,
UKY BU119 (Dec. 1979). pp 161-168. The predictive methodology was developed
from data obtained at eight existing mines in the western United States. Core
and cutting samples were obtained from undisturbed overburden and spoil piles,
and the mineralogy and bulk chemistry of these rocks were determined. Water
samples, both upgradlent and downgradient from the spoils, were analyzed to
determine the change in water composition. Relationships among and between
rock and water variables were established using statistical factor analysis
and thermodynamic calculations. Minerals found to have the greatest influence
on water chemistry were carbonates, sulfates, clays, and sulfldes. Water
associated with spoil piles was generally caleium-magnesium-sulfate, high
total dissolved solids waters. In geologic environments where ground water is
in contact with a representative portion of the overburden, the change in
ground water-quality after mining will be minimal unless the overburden
contains appreciable amounts of oxidizable minerals such as pyrite. However,
where water cannot contact a representative section of the overburden, the
change in ground-water quality after mining may be marked. (From authors'
abstract) 631 K961, CE852m
M79-30 HOW A DIFFICULT WATER PROBLEM IS HANDLED AT HAWOOD
Mine and Quarry £ (11), A (Nov. 1979). This is a short description of
dewttering of a surface coal-mine site near Forth in Scotland. The mine
receives drainage from ground water and from runoff. Jour, CE856
M79-31 THE IMPACT OF LIGNITE MINING ON SURFACE WATER AND MEANS OF ITS CONTRO
Janlak, H. (POLTEGOR, Wroclaw, Poland), in "Coal Surface Mining and Power
Production in the Face of Environmental Protection Requirements," Proceedings
of the Second U.S.-Polish Symposium, Castle Ksiaz, Poland, Sept. 26-28, 1979,
Interagency Energy-Environment Research and Development Program Report
EPA-600/7-79-159 (Oct. 1979). pp 159-171. The quantitative and qualitative
changes in hydrological balance as affected by mining are described. Basic
methods of purification, such as retention basins for the removal of suspended
solids, as well as technological achievements using gamma radiation,
flocculation, coagulation, filtration through a sandbed and filtration through
grass filters are discussed. EPA
M79-32 GROUND WATER MONITORING SYSTEM DESIGNS THE IOWA COAL PROJECT
DEMONSTRATION MINE #1, A CASE STUDY
Kipp, J. A. (1), Gulliford, J. B. (2), Stangl, D. W. (1), and Sendlein, L. V.
A. (3) [(1) Iowa State University, lows Coal Project, (2) Illinois Mining «nd
Mineral Resources Research Institute, and (3) Coal Extraction and Utilization
Research Center], in Proceedings, Symposium on Surface Mining Hydrology,
Sedimentology, and Reclamation, Lexington, Kentucky, by University of Kentucky
and Institute for Mining and Minerals Research, Dec. 4-7, 1979, S. B.
92
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M79-32 (continued)
Carpenter, Ed., University of Kentucky, Office of Engineering Services,
UKY BU119 (Dec. 1979). pp 145-151. A network of 49 ground water piezometers
and sampling tubes has been placed on a 40 acre study site in southeastern
Iowa to monitor the ground water quality. Additional hydrogeologic data were
obtained from drilling logs of 35 auger holes and 26 coal exploration holes.
(Adapted from authors' abstract) 631 K961, CE8521
M79-33 THE BIOGEOCHEMISTRY OF ACID MINE DRAINAGE AND A METHOD TO CONTROL
ACID FORMATION
Kle.itvmat«v, R« L. P.» Princeton University, Ph.D. THeals, 1979. 104 pp. This
study exanin*" the role played by the bacterium, Thlobacillus ferrooxidans, in
the oxidation of pyrite and demonstrates that inhibition of the bacterium can
be used to reduce the acid drainage problem. Laboratory simulations of coal
mine environments were used to establish the activity of ^L ferrooxidans under
varying hydrologic conditions. By measuring drainage pH in laboratory
simulations of a coal refuse pile, it was discovered that T. ferrooxidans
accelerated the acidification of freshly-exposed pyritic material but is most
significant below pH 4.5 where it also accelerates acidification by the
oxidation of Fe . It was determined that anionic detergents at
concentrations greater than 10 ppm inhibit T._ ferrooxidans and thereby reduce
acid formation; concentrations of at least 25 ppm kill the bacterium. To be
effective In reducing acid formation, application of bactericides must be
either frequent or persistent. Therefore, a method was developed to release
inhibitory concentrations of anionic detergents gradually from a wax or rubber
matrix, (from author's abstract) 628.2 K64, CE7l4a
M79-34 THE LIMNOLOGICAL RESPONSE OF A WEST VIRGINIA MULTIPURPOSE IMPOUNDMENT
TO ACID INFLOWS
Koryak, M., Stafford, L. J., and Montgomery, W. H. (U.S. Army Corps of
Engineers, Pittsburgh District), Water Resources Research j_5 (4), 929-934
(Aug. 1979). Sampling carried out at 14 stations on the Tygart River and
impoundment, during the periods o£ May through October of 1973 and 1974,
showed the effects of acid mine drainage on water quality and biota,
especially during the low-flow periods of late summer and early autumn.
Results of this and later studies lead the authors to conclude that control of
drawdown of the lake will affect the mixing pattern of Inflow and can aid in
mitigating the adverse effects of acid mine drainage. CE839
M79-35 IMPACT OF SURFACE MINING AND CONVERSION OF COAL ON GROUND WATER AND
CONTROL MEASURES IN POLAND
Llbicki, J> (POLTEGOR, Wroclaw, Poland), in "Coal Surface Mining and Power
Production in the Face of Environmental Protection Requirements," Proceedings
of the Second U.S.-Polish Symposium, Castle Ksiaz, Poland, Sept. 26-28, 1979,
Interagency Energy-Environment Research and Development Program Report
EPA-600/7-79-159 (Oct. 1979). pp 127-142. Bore holes are used in the
93
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M79-3S (continued)
vicinity of Follsh Mines co determine the geological structure, location -iwj
sice of aquifers, infiltration rate* and to monitor changes in the water
before, during, and after mining operations. Before approval by local
authorities of mine construction plans these preliminary investigations
be completed and submitted. In addition to the quant it Ive impacts
by bore-hole investigations, a research program has been prepared to deter«l*m
the qualitative impact of coal refuse on ground water quality at two wast*
disposal sites. Suggestions for Improvement of storage facilities, and
control systems are expected to result from this project. EPA
M79-36 UTILIZATION OF STKEAIffUM RECORDS FOR PEBMIT STUDIES
Uchty, J. E. and Rightnour, T. A. (Skelly and Loy Consultants), in
Proee*diiw;s, Symposium on Surface Mining Hydrology, Sedimentology, and
Reclamation. Lexingtoo, Kentucky, by University of Kentucky and Institute for
Hlnlnj and Minerals Research, Dec. 4-7. 1979, S. B. Carpenter, Ed.,
University of Kentucky, Office of Engineering Services, UKY BU119 (Dec. 197»),
pe 67-72. A regional streamflow analysis method is presented for preparing
hydrologlc descriptions of flow conditions for mine permit applications.
Rased on an Index-flood analysis, the method allows generation of regression
equations between •»««-•«•_ mlmimum and average flow events and drainage arm*
for homogeneous regions. A means of estimating seasonal variations of
and low flows in Appalachla Is provided. (Authors' abstract) 631 K961,
CM52f
H79-37 CHARACTERIZATION OF THREE ACID STRIP MIME LAKES IN GRUNDY COUNTY,
ILLINOIS
Master, U. A., Argonne National Laboratory, Land Reclamation Program, Report
to Illinois Institute of Natural Resources, Project No. 80-027, ANL/LRP-TM-IS
(Sept. 1979). 65 pp. To identify factors limiting biological productivity,
levels of dissolved oxygen, specific conductance, and temperature profiles
were determined for three acidic lakes. The lake with the poorest water
quality had the least diversity of aquatic vascular plants and benthic
Invertebrates, (from author'a abstract) DOE-ANL
M79-3* KTDROCCOLOCT OF RECLAIMED GOLF COAST LIGNITE MINES
Methewaon, C. C.. Kemmedy, J. L. , and fmpper, G. L. (Texaa MM University,
Department of Geology), in Proceedings, Symposiisi on Surface Mining Hydrology,
Sedimentology. and Reclame!iom, Lexington, Kentucky, by University of Kentucky
and Institut* for Mining and Minerals Research, Dec. 4-7, 1979, S. 1.
Carpenter, Ed., University of Kentucky, Office of Engineering Services,
UKT BU119 (Dec. 1979). pe 321-330. This study has concluded that the
hydrogeology of a reeltimed surface mine Is controlled by the climate, pre-
mlns hydrogeology, and the stratigraphy of the mine site, and that the risk of
aquifer pollution is minimal in moat CAMS. (Pro* authors' abstract) 631
1961, CEJ32W
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M79-39 ACID COAL NINE DRAINAGE; PAST POLLUTIOK AND CUMJEKT RECCLATION
McCinley, P- C. and Sweet, T. J. (West Virgin!* University, College of Law),
Duquesne Law Review ^2. (1), 67-97 (1978-79). The authors review the legal
history of the effects of acid nine drainage on public and private waters.
They discuss at length the requirements of recent Federal legislation for mine
drainage treatment and control: the 1972 and 1977 Amendments to the Federal
Water Pollution Control Act which Include requirements for developing the
'National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System" (MPDES) and the
identification and adoption of "best practicable control technology currently
available" (BPT) and "best available technology economically achievable"
(BAT); and the Federal Surface Mining and Reclamation Act of 1977. EPA is
reproved for not applying these laws to post-mining discharges and the
arguments relating to the agency's position are summarized. CES32
M79-40 SIMULATION OF THE EFFECTS OF SURFACE MINING ON GROUNDWATES IN THE
POWDER RIVER BASIN
Mclntosh, G. E. (U.S. Bureau of Mines, Denver, Colorado), Mining Engineering
31 (*). Mi-390 (April 1979), This paper describes an ongoing five-year
project designed to assess and predict the impacts which surface coal mining
will have on the regional shallow groundwater systems in the Powder River
Basin. Discussed are plans for: (1) the design and establishment of a
regional network for monitoring shallow groundwater systems; (2) monitoring
the direction and rate of flow, water quality, and aquifer characteristics of
the shallow groundwater systems; and (3) development of a regional grouodwrneer
simulation model, with appurtenant subroutines to determine local effects.
(From author's abstract) Jour, CE757
H79-41 TIOCA RIVER MINE DRAINAGE ABATEMENT PROJECT
Hiorin, A. F., Kllngensmlth, R. S., Heleer, R. E., and Sallunas, J. R.,
Gannett Fleming Corddry and Carpenter, Inc., in cooperation with Pennsylvania
Department of Environmental Resources, Report to U.S. EPA, Industrial
Environmental Research Laboratory, Cincinnati, Ohio, Interagency
Energy-Environment Research and Development Program Report, EPA-400/7-79-03)
(Feb. 1979). 87 pp. The Tioga River Demonstration Project in southeastern
Tloga County, Pennsylvania, is located in an area essentially defined by an
isolated pocket of coal that has been extensively deep and atrip mined within
the Pennsylvania Bituminous Coal field. Acid mine drainage from abandoned
mines is discharged into Morris Run, and Coal and Bear Creeks before they
enter the Tioga River near Blossburg Borough. Water in these three streams
generally has a pH of about 3.0 with a net acidity ranging from 200 to 1,000
milligrams per liter. This project demonstrated effective techniques for mine
drainage abatement, reduced a specific mine drainage problem, sad restored
portions of a strip mined area to their approximate original surface grades.
Techniques demonstrated Included restoration of strip pita utilising
agricultural limestone and waatewater sludge as soil conditioners, burial of
acid-forming materials within strip mines that were restored, sad
reconstruction and lining of a stream channel. Effectiveness of these
preventive measures and their costs were determined. Project implementation
95
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M79-41 (continued)
resulted in an estimated acid reduction of 862 kilograms per day under average
groundwater conditions from one of the two project sites. Reductions in flows
and loadings from the other project site could not be confirmed because of
gaps in the monitoring data and the relatively small size of the site when
compared to the total mined area contributing to the discharges. However,
large volumes of surface water now flow off the restored area to Fall Brook
during and following significant rainfalls, rather than continuing to enter
the underground mine workings. In addition, 16 and 13 percent reductions In
acidity concentrations from the associated mine drainage discharges were
documented. (Authors' abstract) EPA
M79-42 HTOROLOGIC IMPACTS OF SURFACE MINING OF COAL IN WESTERN NORTH DAKOTA
Koran, S. R. (1), Cherry, J. A. (2), Rehm, B. (3), and Groenewold, G. H. (4)
[(1) Alberta Research Council, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, (2) University of
Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, (3) University of North Dakota, Engineering
Experiment Station, and (4) North Dakota Geological Survey], in Proceedings,
Symposium on Surface Mining Hydrology, Sedimentology, and Reclamation,
Lexington, Kentucky, by University of Kentucky and Institute for Mining and
Minerals Research, Dec. 4-7, 1979, S. B. Carpenter, Ed., University of
Kentucky, Office of Engineering Services, UKY BU119 (Dec. 1979). pp 57-65.
Three potential hydrologic impacts of surface mining in western North Dakota
are discussed. They include transient water-level drawdown in wells outside
the mining area, development of a post-mining water supply, and impact of
mining and reclamation on water quality. Limited observational evidence
confirms analytical projections of potential drawdown at two sites, which
suggest that transient water-level declines adjacent to mine areas will be
minor. Both a major and the several minor aquifers underlying most mineable
coal beds as well as hydrologic properites of cast overburden and the rate at
which resaturation occurs suggest that adequate rural water supply may be
available within some mined areas, at least initially. Although groundwater
chemistry in cast overburden at some sites is little different from that prior
to mining, calcium sulfate type groundwater, with TDS values as much as 5
times as great as prior to mining, is produced at most sites. On the basis of
preliminary analyses It appears that highly saline water in cast overburden
can produce a significant deterioration of water quality in surface streams in
the vicinity of mine areas. Further work is needed to determine whether this
Impact will be a long term problem. (Adapted from authors' abstract) 631
K961, CE852e
M79-43 GROUNDWATER MONITORING TO FULFILL U.S. OFFICE OF SURFACE MINING
REGULATIONS
Nawrockl, M. A. (Hittman Associates, Inc.), in Proceedings, Symposium on
Surface Mining Hydrology, Sedimentology, and Reclamation, Lexington, Kentucky
by University of Kentucky and Institute for Mining and Minerals Research, Dec!
4-7, 1979, S. B. Carpenter, Ed., University of Kentucky, Office of
Engineering Services, UKY BU119 (Dec. 1979). pp 139-143. An overview of the
96
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M79-43 (continued)
U.S. Office of Surface Mining's (OSM) Permanent Regulatory Program as related
to the requirements for monitoring of groundwater around surface coal mines is
presented. Basic requirements for groundwater baseline data are presented and
methods for obtaining these data are discussed. Included in the flow
measurement discussion are data sources, methods of measuring depth to water,
flowing well measurements, and aquifer characteristics determination. The
presentation on groundwater quality measurements includes discussions of data
sources, methods of sample collection, common, field-measured parameters, and
sample preservation and storage for laboratory analysis. Modeling of
groundwater systems as related to the fulfillment of OSM's regulations is also
discussed. Digital and analytical models are summarized as to their
applicability. (Author's abstract) 631 K961, CE852k
M79-44 CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF MINE DRAINAGE FOR REMOVAL OF MANGANESE TO
PERMISSIBLE LIMITS
Nicholas, G. D. and Foree, E. G. (University of Kentucky), in Proceedings,
Symposium on Surface Mining Hydrology, Sedimentology, and Reclamation,
Lexington, Kentucky, by University of Kentucky and Institute for Mining and
Minerals Research, Dec. 4-7, 1979, S. B. Carpenter, Ed., University of
Kentucky, Office of Engineering Services, UKY BU119 (Dec. 1979). pp 181-187.
Lime and sodium hydroxide were used to remove manganese from waters collected
from three active surface mine sites. These waters were selected to provide a
wide range of manganese concentrations and varying percentages of other
dissolved metals. The effects of raw water composition, reagent selection,
and reagent dosages on manganese removal, settling rate, sludge volumes,
specific resistances, and concurrent removal of other dissolved species are
reported. The pH values necessary for manganese removal to meet Environmental
Protection Agency and Office of Surface Mining monthly average limitations of
2 mg/L were found to vary between 8.4 and 9.25 depending on raw water
composition and reagent selection. Lime treatment was found to be
particularly advantageous for high sulfate water. Differences in lime and
sodium hydroxide treatment became less pronounced at lower pH levels.
Chemical requirements and other design considerations such as required
sedimentation basin area for a flow of one cfs are also reported for the
various waters. (Adapted from authors' abstract) 631 K961, CE852o
M79-45 HYDROLOGIC ASPECTS OF SEDIMENT DAMS IN SERIES
Notary, A. L. and Nesbitt, P. D. (Nesbitt Engineering, Inc.), in Proceedings,
Symposium on Surface Mining Hydrology, Sedimentology, and Reclamation,
Lexington, Kentucky, by University.of Kentucky and Institute for Mining and
Minerals Research, Dec. 4-7, 1979, S. B. Carpenter, Ed., University of
Kentucky, Office of Engineering Services, UKY BU119 (Dec. 1979). pp 331-346.
The proposed final regulations of the Federal Office of Surface Mining (OSM)
specifies effluent limitations for water discharged from sediment dams. In
addition to these performance specifications, physical design standards for
such dams are delineated, along with minimum acceptable detention times. OSM
defines theoretical detention time as the time difference between the
97
-------
M79-45 (continued)
centroids of the inflow and outflow hydrographs. Using runoff hydrography
generated from synthetic rainfall distributions, the implications of this
definition for the design of sediment dans in aeries is investigated, and an
equation to calculate the detention time in series dams is proposed. Based on
several different dam and spillway configurations for two representative
watersheds in Eastern Kentucky, the additional detention time resulting from
constructing dams in series is not always large enough to justify the
construction of the second dam. (Authors' abstract) 631 K961, CE852x
M79-46 DISCHARGE ESTIMATES IN SURFACE-*1INE AREAS USING CHANNEL-GEOMETRY
TECHNIQUES
Osterkamp, W. R. and Kedman, E. R. (U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources
Division, Lawrence, Kansas), in Proceedings, Symposium on Surface Mining
Hydrology, Sedimentology, and Reclamation, Lexington, Kentucky, by University
of Kentucky and Institute for Mining and Minerals Research, Dec. 4-7, 1979, S.
B. Carpenter, Ed., University of Kentucky, Office of Engineering Services,
UKY BUI19 (Dec. 1979). pp 43-49. The method uses the empirical development
of simple or multiple power-function equations yielding a discharge value from
channel-configuration and channel-material data. The equations have been
developed by collecting geometry and sediment data at numerous gaged sites and
statistically relating those data to specified discharge characteristics. The
principal advantage of the channel-geometry method is that estimates of
discharge can be obtained quickly and inexpensively. (From authors' abstract)
631 K961, CE852c
M79-47 MINE SPOIL BANK HYDRAULICS
Pearson, F. H. (University of California, Berkeley, Sanitary Engineering
Research Labortory), in Proceedings, Symposium on Surface Mining Hydrology,
Sedimentology, and Reclamation, Lexington, Kentucky, by University of Kentucky
and Institute for Mining and Minerals Research, Dec. 4-7, 1979, S. B.
Carpenter, Ed., University of Kentucky, Office of Engineering Services,
UKY BU119 (Dec. 1979). pp 255-263. A method is presented for estimating
hydrographs of seepage flow from spoil banks of specified geometry,
permeability, and porosity under given time patterns of infiltration at the
spoil bank surface. When such hydrographs are combined with estimated total
loadings of pollutants leached from the spoil by rain, pollutographa can be
developed of the rate of discharge of pollutants such as acidity, sulfate, and
metals from the spoil bank. The method for estimating hydrographs is based on
finite element analysis, and also shows the rising profile of the water table
within a spoil bank during rainfall, and the falling profile after rain.
Calculations illustrate the high degree of muting of peak flows from the spoil
bank due to temporary storage within the water table in the bank. Diagrams
facilitate programming of the method for given field situation. Hydrographs
and pollutographs are useful in stream water quality Impact studies, and in
the design of abatement measures. (From author's abstract) 631 K961, CE852t
98
-------
M79-48 SCULPTURING RECLAIMED LAND TO DECREASE EROSION
Schaefer, M., Elifrits, D., and Barr, D. J. (University of Mlssouri-Rolla), in
Proceedings, Symposium on Surface Mining Hydrology, Sedimentology, and
Reclamation, Lexington, Kentucky, by University of Kentucky and Institute for
Mining and Mineral Research, Dec. 4-7, 1979, S. B. Carpenter, Ed., University
of Kentucky, Office of Engineering Services, UKY BU119 (Dec. 1979).
pp 99-109. A study of three strip mine sites in Boone, Randolph and Macon
Counties, Missouri, indicated that reclaimed mine land, even when graded to
acceptable specification, is left with an extremely high potential for erosion
and sediment yield. Compliance with reclamation law apparently caused grading
practices which created convex rounded slopes with long uninterrupted surfaces
available for overland flow. Preliminary inveatigationa indicate that a
designed drainage system of random patterns with a density calculated from
equations relating optimum drainage density, soil erosional shear strength,
average hillside slope of concave shape, a surface roughness coefficient, and
average runoff intensity can be constructed to minimize high initial erosion
of reclaimed land. The proposed procedure is, In effect, a way in which to
sculpture the land into a shape that approximates what would be a natural
surface in dynamic equilibrium with its environment. (From authors' abstract)
631 K96I, CE852J
M79_49 BLACK HATER AND TWO PECULIAR TYPES OF STRATIFICATION IN AN
ORGANICALLY LOADED STRIP-MINE LAKE
Stahl, J. B. (Southern Illinois University, Department of Zoology), Water
Research ±3 (5), 467-471 (1979). During the suimner of 1969, weekly water
samples were taken from a lake near DeSoto, Jackson County, Illinois, to
Investigate the cause and distribution af black water. Along with a thermal
stratification, two types of chemical stratification, due to the presence of
ferrous aulfide, were observed. It was suggested that the one type of
chemical stratification, produced by the process of photosynthesis and the
reduction of aulfate, be employed to improve the water quality of strip-nine
lakes. CE83B
M79-50 THE EFFECT OF UNCERTAINTY IN SEDIMENTATION POND DESIGN
Vandivere, W. B., Davis, D. R., and Fogel, M. M. (University of Arizona,
School of Renewable Natural Resources and Department of Hydrology and Water
Resources), American Society of Agricultural Engineers, Winter Meeting, New
Orleans, Louisiana, Dec. 11-14, 1979. Paper No. 79-2523. 7 pp. A
hypothetical watershed composed of graded mine spoils was subjected to
computer simulation to evaluate the sensitivity of peak flows and sediment
yield to Soil Conservation Service curve number selection. A stochastic
precipitation model served as the Input to a modified Universal Soil Loss
Equation (USLE). Results were then compared to those derived from the USLE-
(Authors' Suasiary) ASAE, CE836b
99
-------
M79-51 SIZING SURFACE MINE SEDIMENT CONTROL RESERVOIRS FOR THEORETICAL
DETENTION TIME
Ward, A. D., Barfield, B. J., and Tapp, J. S. (University of Kentucky,
Agricultural Engineering Department), in Proceedings, Symposium on Surface
Mining Hydrology, Sedimentology, and Reclamation, Lexington, Kentucky, by
University of Kentucky and Institute for Mining and Minerals Research, Dec.
4-7, 1979, S. B. Carpenter, Ed., University of Kentucky, Office of Engineering
Services, UKY BU119 (Dec. 1979). pp 73-82. Unless chemical addition is used
to enhance settling, surface- mine sediment-control reservoirs must be
designed to have theoretical detention times of 10-24 hours, and must control
effluent sediment concentrations to less than 70 mg/1 for a 10-year, 24-hour
storm event, as required by Public Law 95-87, the Surface Mine Reclamation Act
of 1977. Procedures ranging from a complex computer model, DEPOSITS, to
simple triangular hydrograph approximations, are described. Recommendations
are also presented for methods of designing reservoirs to meet the detention
time requirements of the permanent surface mine regulations. (From authors'
abstract) 631 K961, CE852g
M79-52 EFFECTS OF FLOW CONTROL STRUCTURES ON SETTLING BASINS
Williams, R. G. and Kao, T. Y. (University of Kentucky), American Society of
Agricultural Engineers, Winter Meeting, New Orleans, Louisiana, Dec. 11-14,
1979. Paper No. 79-2525. 14 pp. A hydraulically modeled sediment retention
basin was used to evaluate the relative performance of seven inlet and outlet
structure combinations. Each structure combination was evaluated for six
inflow rates and four inflow concentrations. Data analysis and discussion
presented, and it was shown that Inflow and outflow structures have a
definitive effect on sediment retention basin performance. (Authors' Summary)
ASAE, CE836a
M79-53 EVALUATION OF SEDIMENTATION PERFORMANCE
Wilmoth, R. C. (1), Hill, R. D. (1), and Ettinger, C. E. (2) [(1) U.S. EPA,
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory, Cincinnati, Ohio and (2) Skelly
and Loy], American Society of Agricultural Engineers, Winter Meeting, New
Orleans, Louisiana, Dec. 11-14, 1979. Paper No. 79-2526. 33 pp. Provided 18
an in-depth discussion of the various factors, including storm frequency and
particle size distribution, involved in sedimentation pond performance. Also
described Is a study conducted in West Virginia to evaluate the effects of
inlet baffles and outlet structure design on short circuiting. ASAE, CE836d
M79-54 REMOVAL OF TRACE ELEMENTS FROM ACID MINE DRAINAGE
Wilmoth, R. C., Kennedy, J. L., Hall, J. R., and Stuewe, C. W., U.S. EPA,
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory, Cincinnati, Ohio, and
Hydroscience, Inc., Interagency Energy-Environment Research and Development
Program Report EPA-600/7-79-101 (April 1979). 87 pp. Lime neutralization,
reverse osmosis, and ion exchange were studied for their effectiveness in
removing mg/1 levels of ten specific trace elements from spiked acid mine
drainage under typical operating conditions. The specified trace elements
100
-------
M79-54 (continued)
were arsenic, boron, cadmium, chromium, copper, mercury, nickel, phosphorus,
selenium, and zinc. Treatment by lime neutralization was very effective in
removing arsenic, cadmium, copper, mercury, nickel, and zinc, and relatively
ineffective In removing boron and phosphorus. Reverse osmosis was very
effective in rejecting arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, nickel, and zinc,
and relatively ineffective in rejecting boron. The two-bed (strong acid-weak
base) Ion exchange system was very effective in removing all of the trace
elements except phosphorus and boron. None of the three treatment methods «»•
very effective in removing phosphorus. (From authors' abstract) CE224
M79-55 THREE STAGE APPROACH TO GROUNDWATER CONTROL DESIGN AND EVALUATION FOR
STRIP MINES
Wilson, J. L., Ill {!), Barley, B. M. (1), Schrelber, R. P. (1), and Rlordan,
P. J. (2) [(1) CDM/Resource Analysis and (2) Consulting Geotechnical
Engineer], in Proceedings, Symposium on Surface Mining Hydrology,
Sedimentology, and Reclamation, Lexington, Kentucky, by University of Kentucky
and Institute for Mining and Minerals Research, Dec. 4-7, 1979, S. B.
Carpenter, Ed., Unlveratity of Kentucky, Office of Engineering Services, UKY
BU119 (Dec. 1979). pp 175-180. The first stage consists of simple model
studies, based on typical stratigraphy and properties, for the selection And
design of « control system. The second stage consists of local calibrated
groundwater model studies, used to predict expected time variations of
dewaterIng volumes, uplift pressures, and drawdown during the first years of
mine operation. The third stage evaluates the Impacts of the control system
on neighboring water supplies and stream base flow, using a calibrated
regional groundwater model. This approach can b« used for « comprehensive
study of mine groundwater control or any stage can be used alone when a more
limited study is required. (From authors' abstract) 631 K961, CE852n
1980
M80-1 AREAWIDE ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT FOR ISSUING NEW SOURCE NPDES
PEHMITS FOR COAL MINES, GAULEY RIVER BASIN, WEST VIRGINIA
U.S. EPA, Region III, Jan. 1980. 15 pp.-*-map. In the EPA areawide approach
to the environmental review process for the requirements for the "National
Pollutant Discharge Elimination System" (NPDES), baseline Information la being
compiled on geology and geography, on historic, aesthetic, and recreation*!
sites, on endangered species, on environmentally sensitive areas, and on
stream water quality of watersheds affected by coal mining. This description
of the information gathered from the sparsely populated, relatively
undeveloped Gauley River Basin is accompanied by a map showing the portion*
designated as Potentially Significant Impact Areas. The results of this
environmental survey, together with the Supplemental Information Fora
submitted for each application for a mining permit aids in the evaluation of
the environmental impact of a New Source coal mine. CE791a
101
-------
AUTHOR INDEX
Agnew, A. F.
M66-52 M73-84 M76-30
Ahmad, M. U.
M73-84
Akamatsu, M. C. L.
M77-62
Akerbergs, M.
M79-26
Aker6, D. J.
M76-47 M76-64 M77-51
Alderman, J. K.
M77-2 M77-3
Aletl, A.
M75-57
Anderson, C. E.
M79-1
Anderson, W. C.
M76-25 M78-1
Angles, J,
M78-2
Anthony, A.
M71-99
Apel, W. A.
M76-26
Arora, H. S.
M78-4
Auernhamer, M. E*
M77-6
Backus, F.
M77-14
Baganz, B.
M77-13
Bales, J.
M79-3
Barfield, B. J.
M78-3 M79-4 M79-5
M79-27 M79-51
Barnes, T. G.
M76-28
Barahisel, R. I.
M78-3 H79-27
Barr, D. J.
M79-48
Barr, W. C.
M79-6 M79-13
Barton, P.
M76-29
Baecle, B. J.
M76-30
Baskin, L.
M77-8
Batch, D. L.
M74-90
Bates, E. R.
M78-27
Backer, B. C.
M76-56
Beers, W. F.
H73-85 M79-12
B«naon, A.
M75-55 M76-31
Bttson, R.
M79-7
Beteon, R. P.
M79-13
Binder, J. J.
M77-10
Blasonnette, G. K.
M78-12 M78-21
Blackwood, T. R.
M78-50
Boegly, W. J., Jr.
M78-4 M78-8
Boiler, J. E.
M75-69
Boyer, J. F., Jr.
M76-32 M77-9
Branson, B. A.
M74-90
Brenner, F. J.
M76-33 M76-34
Brlggs, G.
M77-55
Brlggs, J. M.
M79-1
Bright, J.
M76-53
Brogden, R. E.
M78-18
Brookaan, G. T.
M77-10
Brojran, J. G.
M77-64
Bryan, B. A.
M79-8
Bryant, H. L.
M72-93
Bryson, H.
M78-2
M78-5
102
-------
AUTHOR INDEX
Bucek, M. F.
M77-11 M79-9
Buckwalter, T. F.
M79-10
Burchinal, J. C.
M63-29
Burner, C. C.
M53-14 M54-21
Butler, J. L.
M77-46
Cairney, T.
M77-12
Cairns , J. > Jr.
M78-25
Campbell, J. M.
M77-65
Canton, S. P.
M78-51
Carey, W. P.
M79-11
Carpenter, S. B.
M79-3 M79-4
M79-8 M79-9
M79-15 M79-18
M79-26 M79-27
M79-32 M79-36
M79-42 M79-43
M79-45 M79-46
M79-48 M79-51
Caruccfo, F. T.
M77-13 M77-27
Cerrillo, L. A.
M79-29
Chadwick, M. J.
M75-53
Chamberlain, E. A. C.
M76-28 M76-44
Chambers, B. R.
M76-81
Charnego, M. R.
M67-74
Cherry, J. A.
H79-22 M79-42
Chiu, S. Y.
M75-57
Chu, T.-Y. J-
M77-16
Ciolkosz, E. J.
M73-85 M79-12
M79-6
M79-11
M79-24
M79-29
M79-38
M79-44
M79-47
M79-55
M76-45
Clark, G. M.
M76-82
Clark, W. F.
M75-65 M75-70
Colabrese, J. F.
M76-64 M77-51
Cole, C. A,
M77-14
Collin, M. L.
M75-47
Coltharp, G. B.
M77-30
Connell, J. F.
M76-35
Contractor, 0. N.
M76-35
Cooke, W. B.
M76-36
Cooper, E. L.
M71-99
Cooper, W. L.
M76-33
Corbett, R. G.
M77-15
Corbett, S.
M76-34
Cox, D. B.
M77-16 M79-13
Cox, M. F.
M77-72
Crerar, D. A.
M78-30 M78-31
Croeaman, J. S.
M79-13
Grouse, H. L.
M77-62
Curran, L. M.
M75-48
Curtis, W. R.
M77-20 M78-7
Daughton, G.
M77-17
Davis, D. R.
M79-50
Davis, E. C.
M78-4 M78-8
Deely, D.
M77-18
M79-14
103
-------
AUTHOR INDEX
Dettmann, E. H.
M76-73 M78-10
Deul, M.
M71-100
Di Luzio, F. C.
M66-54
Dodge, C. H.
M79-10
Doherty, F. G.
M78-29
Dollhopf, D. J.
M79-15
Double, M. L.
M77-19 M78-12
Dougherty, Mi T.
M76-39 M76-79
Dreese, G. R«
M72-93
Drevna, C. T.
M75-49
Dugan, P. R.
M75-50 M75-51
M77-62
Duneon, W. A.
M77-78
Dyer, K. L.
M77-20
Dyer, R.
M77-21
Edens, D.
M74-91
Edmunds, W. M.
M75-52
Edwards, R. W.
M77-37
Ehrllch, H. L,
M64-17
Eikenberry, S. E.
M78-13
Elifrlts, D.
M79-48
Emel, J. L.
M77-11 M77-23
Ettinger, C. E.
M79-16 M79-53
Evans, R. L.
M78-17
Evans, W. A.
M78-29
M76-26
Faucon, A. S.
M76-41
Perm, J. C.
M77-13
Fernandez-Rublo, R.
M79-17
Ferraro, F. A.
M77-26
Filppt, J. A.
M76-26
Fisher, A. B.
M78-14
Fltzpatrick, J.
M79-29
Fogel, M. M.
M77-6 M79-50
Ford, C, T.
M78-19
Foree, E. G.
M79-18 M79-44
Fowler, D. E.
M76-63
Freeland, M.
M79-29
Frledrlch, A. E.
M76-63
Frost, R« C.
M78-15 M78-16
M79-20
Fukuda, K.
M75-74
Furbish, W. J.
M77-67
Gale, W. F.
M76-42
Garrett, R. L.
M76-53
Gasper, D. C.
M76-43
Geldel, G.
M77-13 M77-27
Gcrharc, J. M.
M77-28
Glbb, J. P.
M78-17
Gibbons, J. W.
M78-29 M78-51
Giles, T. F.
M78-18
M79-19
104
-------
AUTHOR INDEX
Gleason, V. E.
M76-32 M77-9
Glover, H. G.
M75-53 M76-44
Goering, J. D.
M79-15
Gooding, W. E.
M76-46
Goodman, G. I.
M75-53
Gormley, J. T.
M77-62
Grady, W. C.
M76-47 M77-29
Graves, D. H.
M77-30
Gray, L. J.
M78-51
Greenfield, J. P.
M78-20
Grier, W. F.
M76-48
Groenewold, G. H.
M79-21 M79-22
Gulliford, J. B.
M79-32
Gun net t, J. W.
M76-62
Haan, C. T.
M77-31
Hackbarth, D. A.
M79-23
Hackney, C. R.
M78-21
Haigh, M. J.
M78-22
Halle, D. M.
M75-9 M77-72
Hakanson, D. E.
M76-76
Hall, J. R.
M79-54
Ham111, L.
M77-12
Hamilton, D. A.
M77-32
Hampton, E. L.
M79-24
M78-19
M76-45
M79-42
Hardaway, J.
M79-25
Harley, B. M.
M79-55
Harris, E. F.
M78-54
Harrison, J. E.
M77-33
Haafurther, V, R.
M79-26
Hawkes, C. L.
M78-23
Hayes, J. C.
M78-3 M79-5
Hays, H. A.
M60-26
Hedberg, D. W.
M79-15
Hedges, R. B.
M75-70 M75-71
Hedtnan, E. R.
M79-46
Heenan, M. T.
M77-34
Heintz, J. W.
M66-54
Heizer, R. E.
M76-67 M77-56
Hekman, L. H.,Jr.
M77-6
Hemish, L. A.
M79-22
Henry, J. D., Jr.
M76-49 M78-24
Henton, M. P.
M76-50
Hern, J. L.
M76-84
Herrlcks, E. E.
M76-51 M78-25
Herring, W. C.
M77-35
Hester, N. C.
M78-33
Hewlett, J. D.
M79-8
Hidalgo, R. V.
M75-67
Hill, G. F.
M78-26
M79-27
M78-49
M79-41
105
-------
AUTHOR INDEX
H1U, R. D.
M78-27 M79-28 M79-53
Hollowell, J. R.
M74-92 M75-54
Holzen, H. H.
M76-39
Home, J.
M77-13
Hounslow, A. W.
M79-29
Huff, L. L.
M78-28
Hughes, B. D.
M77-37
Hummon, M. R.
M78-29
Hummon, W. D.
M75-60 M76-41 M76-68
M78-29
Hunter, J. A.
M66-54
Huntsman, B. E.
M75-69 M77-72
Imanaga, Y,
M75-74
Ireland, M. P.
M78-20
Jacobsen, J.
M76-52
Jacobsen, I. V.
M76-42
Janes, I. C., II
M77-38
Janes, W. P.
M76-53
Janiak, H.
M76-54 M76-55 M77-39
M79-31
Jarrell, G. A.
M78-28
Jenkins, C. R.
M76-75 M76-81
Jeering, E. A.
M77-62
Joseph, T. W.
M77-40
Kao, T. Y.
M79-52
Kapolyl, L.
M77-41
Kardos, L. T.
M73-85 M79-12
Kathurla, D. V.
M76-56
Keller, E. C., Jr.
M73-86 M73-87
Kennedy, J. L.
M77-68 M79-38
King, T.
M76-53
Klpp, J. A.
M79-32
Klarberg, D. P.
M75-55
Klelnmann, R. L. P.
M78-30 M78-31
Klingensmith, R. S.
M76-67 M77-56
Knap con, J. R.
M77-42
Knight, A. L.
M77-43
Knight, F. J.
M77-56
Koester, H. E.
M75-54 M76-57
Kohlbeck, R. A.
M76-58
Kopyta, F.
M73-86
Koryak, M.
M72-94 M79-34
Kristlansen, H.
M76-59
Kugatow, H. A.
M77-44
Kuo, C. H. A.
M76-49 M78-24
Lackey, J. L.
H79-24
Lange, R. W., II
M76-81
Leist, C.
M53-14
M79-54
M79-33
M79-41
106
-------
AUTHOR INDEX
Leitch, R. D.
M31-8
Lenkevlch, H. J.
M77-46
LeBcinsky, J.
M76-57
Letternan, R. D.
M78-32
Leung, S. S.
M78-33
Lewis, M.
M76-60
Liblckl, J.
M76-61 M77-45
Llchcy, J. E.
M79-36
Ueb, J. A.
M71-101
Liu, J.-H.
M78-45
Long, D. A.
. M77-46
Lovell, II. L.
M68-101 M77-54
Loy, L. D., Jr.
H76-62
Lui, A. P.
M76-49
Mac, See also Me
MacHoae, C. L.
M76-33
Haneval, D. R.
M77-65
Manning, H. L.
M75-56
Manula, C. B.
M77-60
Martin, J. F.
M77-62
Martos, F.
M77-47
Maaer, K. R.
M77-48 M77-49
Master, W. A.
M79-37
MathewBon, C. C.
M79-38
Me, See also Mac
M79-35
M77-62
McCarthy, R, E.
M72-95
McConnell, C, H.
M76-63
McCoy, V. W.
M79-24
McDermott, J. J.
M78-49
McDonald, D. G., Sr.
M77-50
McDonnell, A. J.
M74-93 M75-62
McElroy, A. D.
M75-57
McFeters, G. A.
M78-36
McGinley, P. C.
M79-39
Me In tosh, G. E.
M79-40
McKinley, P. W.
M77-42
McMillan, B. £.
M76-64 M77-51
McUhorter, D. B.
M7A-93
Mead, J.
M77-8
Medve, R. J.
M76-89
Meleen, N. H.
M77-52
Menendez, R.
M76-65
Mensel, D. C.
M77-62
Metry, A. A.
M77-53
Meyer, C. N.
M79-22
Miholt, E. A.
M71-100
Miknis, J. J.
M77-54
Millar, W. N.
M75-59
Miller, C. F.
M76-48
M75-63
107
-------
AUTHOR INDEX
Minear, R» A.
M75-58 M75-68
M76-86 M77-55
Mlorin, A. F.
M76-67 M77-56
Mitchell, R. B.
M71-99
Mitsch, W. J.
M78-32
Mohring, E. H.
M78-30 M78-31
Molineki, A. E.
M77-14
Montano, P. A.
M78-47
Montgomery, W. H.
M79-34
Moore, I. D.
M79-4
Koran, S. R.
M79-42
Myers, P. S.
M75-59
Napier, S., Jr.
M76-68
Nawrocki, M. A.
M76-56 M79-43
Nebgcn, J. W.
M75-57 M76-69
Neely, J. C., Ill
M70-118
Neff, W. H.
M71-99
Nesbitt, P. D.
M79-45
Newton, J. G.
M77-43
Nicholas, G. D.
M79-44
Noake, J. S.
M77-17
North, J. C.
M79-24
Notary, A. L.
M79-45
Oberlies, J. W., Jr.
M76-71
M76-66
M79-41
Olem, H.
M76-72 M78-35
01 sen, J. D.
M77-85
01 sen, R. D.
M76-73 M7B-10
Olson, G. J.
M78-36
Orciarl, R. D.
M75-60
Ortiz, C.
M76-53
Orton, D, J.
M78-37
Osterkamp, W. R.
M79-46
Overton, D. E.
M77-55
Owili-Eger, A. S.
M77-60
Pagenkopf, G. K.
M75-61 M75-70
Parizek, R. R.
M77-28
Parsons , J. D.
M77-61
Paul, S. N.
M78-38
Pearson, F. H.
M74-95 M75-62
M79-47
Pegg, W. J.
M76-75
Penning ton, W. L.
M79-24
Pepper, G. L.
M79-38
Peters, T, W.
M78-39
Pettyjohn, W. A.
M75-64
Phelpe, L. B.
M78-40
Pionke, H. B.
M77-64
Pisapia, R.
M73-86
Polcyn, A. J.
M76-71
M75-63
108
-------
AUTHOR INDEX
Porter, K. R.
M76-76
Price, A.
M78-19
Rahn, P. H.
M75-65 M76-77
Ramani, R. V.
M77-60
Rankin, D.
M73-87
Rao, R. G. 5.
M78-4
Rawat, N. S.
M76-78
Reed, E. B.
M75-66
Rehu, B. W.
M79-22 M79-42
Renton, J. J.
M75-67 M78-47
Rhelna, M. S.
M76-26
Ricca, V. T.
M76-82
Richardson, A. R.
M76-79
Riedinger, A
M66-54
Rieg, N.
M77-14
Rightnour, T. A.
M79-36
Riordan, P. J.
M79-55
Hoffman, H.
H76-80
Rogowskl, A. S.
M77-63 M77-64
Rose, J. G.
M78-7
Rose, R. R.
M75-58 M75-68
Rosenberg, J. I.
H77-65
Rosso, W. A.
M77-66
Rotell*. R. B.
M73-88
Ruane, R. J.
M77-16 M79-13
Rule, J. H.
M77-55 M77-67
Russell, P. E.
M78-47
Rueso, R. C.
M77-77
Sack, W. A.
M76-81
Sallunas, J. R.
M77-56 M79-41
Saporoschenko, M.
M78-45
Savio, J. A.
M78-12
Schaefer, M.
M79-48
Schlner, G. R.
M79-10
Scholl, D. G.
M78-41
Schrader, E. L., Jr.
M77-67
Schreiber, R. P.
M79-55
Schubert, J. P.
M78-42
Schultz, J.
M66-54
Scott, R. B.
M77-68 M78-54
Seiveka, E. H.
M66-54
Sendlein, L. V. A.
M77-69 M77-70
Senftle, F. E.
M77-71 M78-44
Shane, R.
M76-92
Shanholtz, V. 0.
M76-35 M76-51
Shapiro, M. A.
M72-94
Shea, E. P.
M76-69
Shertrer, R,
M76-34
M79-32
109
-------
AUTHOR INDEX
Shiley, R.
M78-45
Shotts, R. Q.
M78-43
Shumate, K. S.
M76-82
Siddle, H. J.
M77-17
Silver-man, M. P.
M64-17
Simpson, T. A.
M78-43
Sisler, F. D.
M77-71 M78-44
Skinner, J.
M77-71
Skogerboe, G. V.
M74-93
Skogerboe, R. K.
M74-93 M77-77
Slowey, J. F.
M76-53
Smith, E. E-
M76-82 M77-62
Smith, E. J.
M76-83
Smith, G. V.
M78-45
Smith, K. M.
M76-42
Smith, M. J.
M75-69 M77-72
Smith, W. M.
M77-2 M77-3
Solch, J. G.
M75-69
Stafford, L. J.
M79-34
Stahl, J. B.
M79-49
Stangl, D. W.
M77-70 M79-32
Stanley, W. S.
M78-29
Stauffer, T. E.
M68-101
Steele, T. D.
M76-91 M77-38 M78-46
Sterett, E.
M78-43
Stiller, A. H.
M78-47
Stockinger, N. F.
M60-26
Strohl, J. H.
M76-84
Stuewe, C. W.
M79-54
Svanks, K.
M75-48
Swain, H. A., Jr.
M73-88
Swart a , F. A.
M77-74
Sweet, T. J.
M79-39
Sykora, J. L.
M72-94 M76-83 M76-87
Tackett, S. L.
M72-96
Tapp, J. S.
H79-18 H79-51
Tel Hard, W. A.
M77-75
Thames, J. L.
M77-6 M77-82
Therrien, C. D.
M71-99
Thompson, D. R.
M77-76
Thorp, J. H.
M78-29 M78-51
Thurston, R. V.
M77-77
Tollner, E. W.
M79-5
Tomkiewicz, S. M., Jr.
M77-78
Tsai, J. C.-H.
M63-29
Tschantz, B. A.
M75-58 M76-66 M76-86
M77-55
Turnmire, J. B.
M75-58
UltBch, G. R.
M78-48
110
-------
AUTHOR INDEX
Unz, R. F.
M76-72
Updegraff, K. F.
M76-87
Valentine, M.
M76-69
Van Voast, W. A.
M75-70 M75-71
VanVoast, U.
M75-61
Vandegrlft, A. E.
M75-57
Vanderborgh, N. E.
M77-85
Vandivere, U. B.
M79-50
Vatanatham, T.
M76-29
Vaughan, G. L.
K77-55
Verma, T. R.
M77-82
Villumaen, A.
M76-88
Wachter, R. A.
M77-83 M78-50
Wade, W. A., Ill
M77-10
Wagner, P.
M77-85
Wainberg, R. H.
M78-29
Wall, M. K.
M79-21
Walker, B. N.
M76-89
Wallace, R. A. P.
M75-72
Wanek, P. L.
M77-85
Wangsneas, D. J.
M77-84
Ward, A. D.
M79-51
Ward, J, R.
M76-90
Ward, J. V.
M78-51
M78-49
Warner, B. J.
M75-69
Weatherman, D. F.
M76-69
Wendt, G. W.
M79-15
Wentz, D. A.
M76-91
Wewerka, E. H.
M77-85
Whitworth, C.
M75-61
Whitworth, K.
M78-52
Wieserman, L. F.
M72-96
Williams, D. G.
M77-62
Williams, J. M.
M77-85
Williams, R. G.
M79-4 M79-52
Wilmoth, R. C.
M77-68 M77-86
M78-54 M79-53
Wilson, H. W., Jr.
M78-4
Wilson, J. L.
M77-32 M79-55
Winczewski, L. M.
M79-22
Witt, R. C.
M76-46
Womack, J. D.
M76-48
Wright, A. P.
M75-73
Wright, R. A.
M78-10
Yabuuchi, E.
M75-74
Yeasted, J. G.
M76-92
Yocum, S. C.
M76-93
Youngatrom, M. P.
M76-25
M78-53
M79-54
111
-------
GENERAL INDEX
Abatement methods and programs (See also Alkaline regradlng; Anthracite coal
fields, surface-mine reclamation; Bacteria In acid spoil, control by
chemical Inhibitors; Bacteria in mine drainage, Inhibited by antibacterial
agents; Burial of acid-forming materials; Daylighting; Elk Creek Acid Mine
Drainage Project; Greene-Sullivan State Forest, Indiana; Mine closures;
Mine flooding; Mine roof collapse; Mine sealing; Pennsylvania Department of
Environmental Resources, Operation Scarlift; Planning for mining; Settler's
Cabin Park; Slurry Trenching; Streambed reconstruction; Surface-mine
reclamation as abatement technique; Surface mining effects, Model State
Program for controlling water pollution; Water diversion)
recommendations for research
M78-19
review
M77-3 M79-28
Absaloka Mine; See Westmoreland Resources
Academic Associates, Inc., Morgantown, West Virginia
M77-4 M77-5
Acid and nonacid streams compared
M74-91
Acid mine drainage (See also Analysis of mine water; Total dissolved solids
regulation)
compared to acid precipitation
M77-61
composition
M76-45
increase projected for the future
M78-27
Acid mine drainage effects (See also Biological effects; Corrosiveness o£ nHne
waters; Dilution equation to predict—; Fish; Ground water; Names of rivers
and lakes; Public water supplies; Swamps; Water quality)
compared to agriculture
M78-10
on Pennsylvania soils
M79-12
Acid mine drainage formation (See also Bacteria in mine drainage; Mlcrobial
effects on minerals; Pyrite reactivity)
M75-53 M75-67
buried overburden materials
M76-43
overburden materials
Lower Kittanning B-coal, Kylertown, Pennsylvania
M77-63
time-dependent processes
M77-27
Acid mine drainage research
needs identified
M77-62
Acid mine drainage treatment; See Alumina-lime soda process; Bacterial
treatment of mine drainage; Boiler blowdown for treating coal storage pile
J12
-------
GENERAL INDEX
Acid mine drainage treatment (continued) leachate; Electrobiochemlcal
treatment; Eleetrochemcial treatment; Ernest Mine, Creekside, Indiana
County, Pennsylvania; Heavy metal removal; Ion-exchange treatment; Iron
removal; Manganese removal; Modeling, treatment plant location;
Neutralization; Ozone treatment; Reverse osmosis; Silverdale Colliery; Soda
ash/lime treatment; Soils for renovation of acid mine water; Trace element
removal; Use of treated mine water
Acid mine drainage treatment plants; See Hollywood, Pennsylvania, Experimental
Mine Drainage Treatment Facility; Little Scrubgrass Creek, automatic
lime-treatment plant; Silverdale Colliery
Acid rain; See surface-mine ponds, affected by acid precipitation
Ackenheil & Associates Geo Systems, Inc., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
M76-46
Ackenheil, A. C,, & Associates, Inc., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
M76-39 M76-79
Africa Engineering Associates, Inc., Huntingdon, Pennsylvania
M76-93
Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture
University Park, Pennsylvania
M77-63
Agriculture, U.S. Department of; See Northeast Watershed Research Center;
Northeastern Forest Experiment Station; Rocky Mountain Forest and Range
Experiment Station; Soil Conservation Service
Akron, University of, Akron, Ohio
Department of Geology
M77-15
Alabama, University of, University, Alabama
M78-43
Department of Biology
M78-48
Alberta Research Council, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
M79-23 M79-42
Algae; See Chlorella vulgaris
Alkaline regrading
M76-62
Altoona Treatment Plant, Pennsylvania
M77-46
Alumina-lime-aoda process
M76-69
Aluminum floe from treatment plants
M78-25
AMAX Coal Company, Indianapolis, Indiana
M77-35
113
-------
GENERAL INDEX
American Electric Power Service Corporation, Environmental Engineering
Division, Canton, Ohio
H77-26
Analysis of mine water (See also MHssbauer spectroscopy; Polarography; Total
dissolved solids regulation; Water quality; Zeta potential)
rapid field method
colorimeter
M77-51
development
M76-64
Anthracite coal fields
hydrology of abandoned mines
M74-92
surface-mine reclamation
M77-8
Appalachia (See also Appalachian Regional Commission)
coal industry affected by legislation and regulation
M77-65
Appalachian Regional Commission, U.S. Government
M76-46
Arch Mineral Corp., St. Louis, Missouri
Medicine Bow Mine, Hanna, Wyoming
M79-29
Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois
M78-10 M78-33
Division of environmental Impact Studies
M76-73
Energy and Environmental Systems Division
M78-42
Land Reclamation Program
M79-37
Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
Department of Zoology
M76-60 M78-51
Arizona, University of, Tuscon, Arizona
Department of Hydrology and Water Resources
M79-50
School of Renewable Natural Resources
M77-6 M77-82 M79-50
Armells Creek, Montana
M77-42
Army Corps of Engineers; See Corps of Engineers, U.S. Department of the Army
Bacteria in acid spoil
control by chemical inhibitors
M77-44
iron-oxidizing
M77-44
sulfur-oxidizing
M77-44
114
-------
GENERAL INDEX
Bacteria In nine drainage (See also Euglena autabills; Pyrite oxidation,
bacterial action on coal refuse; Refuse piles, activity of Iron oxidizing
bacteria; Sanitary-indicator —; Thiobacillus ferrooxidans
identifying source of water
M76-28
inhibited by antibacterial agents
anlonic detergents
M75-50 M78-31 M79-33
quaternary ammonium compounds
M67-74
iron-salts-purlfled ISP culture medium for
M75-56
sulfur-conversion bacteria in surface-mine waters
M7S-5I K78-36
Thiobacillus perometabolis identified
M75-59
Bacterial treatment of mine drainage (See also Rotating biological contactor)
iron-oxidizing bacteria
M75-74
sulfate-reducing bacteria
M75-50
Baker-Wibberley & Associates, Inc., Hagerstown, Maryland
M77-80
Barnes & Tucker Co., Barnsboro, Pennsylvania
M77-79
Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, Ohio
Columbus Division, Columbus, Ohio
M75-48
Baukol Noonan Inc., Minot, North Dakota
Center Mine, Center, North Dakota
M79-21
Bear Branch Creek, Breathitt County, Kentucky
M74-90 M77-20
Ben's Creek, Pennsylvania
M78-32
Benthic ollgochaetes
M75-60
Benthic organisms
M72-94
Bibliographies
M63-29 M78-19
annual literature review
M76-32 M77-9
leachates from coal storage piles
M78-8
Big Horn Coal Company, Omaha, Nebraska
Big Horn Mine, Sheridan, Wyoming
M76-73 M78-10
Big Sky Mine; See Peabody Coal Company
115
-------
GENERAL INDEX
Biological effects of acid mine drainage (See also Biota; Fish; Modeling,
impact of mine drainage on stream biology; Stream recovery)
M77-55 M77-78
Ben's Creek, Pennsylvania
M78-32
Ohio streams
M78-29
River Calder, Lancashire
M78-20
Susquehanna River
M76-42
Trout Creek, Colorado, compared to eastern streams
M78-51
Biological surveys (See also Ben's Creek, Pennsylvania; Comberland Plateau,
Tennessee; Hidden Water Creek, Wyoming; Lake Hope, Vinton County, Ohio)
M77-4 M77-5 M79-24
Mercer County, Pennsylvania
M78-5
Biota (See also Algae; Benthic oligochaetes; Benthlc organisms; Boreal toads;
Lepidodermella squammata; Mayflies; Monongahela River, acid stream effect
on biota of)
in surface-mine ponds
M75-66
Kansas
M60-26
Bituminous Coal Research, Inc., Monroeville, Pennsylvania
M76-32 M77-9 M77-73 M78-19
Black Mesa, Arizona, hydrology
M77-82
Black Mo shannon Creek, Centre and Clearfield Counties, Pennsylvania
M71-99
Boiler blowdown for treating coal storage pile leachate
M78-1
Boreal toads
M76-76
Brown bullhead
food habits in Monongahela River and nonacid pond compared
M75-55
Burial of acid-forming materials
M79-41
Busseron Creek watershed, Sullivan, Vigo, Greene, and Clay Counties, Indiana
M78-13
COM/Resource Analysis, Waltham, Massachusetts
M79-55
Calder River, Lancashire, Great Britain
M78-20
California, Itaiversity of, Berkeley, California
Sanitary Engineering Research Laboratory
M79-47
116
-------
GENERAL INDEX
Cambell'a Run watershed, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania
M76-39
Canada; See Alberta Research Council; Crowsneet Pass, Alberta and British
Columbia; The Geological Survey of —; Water quality, affected by surface
mining, Alberta, Canada; Waterloo, University of
Canyon Run, Monongalia County, West Virginia
M74-91
Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Department of Civil Engineering
M76-92
Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
M70-11B
Casselman River, Maryland, Pennsylvania
M76-63
Catawissa Creek, Pennsylvania
M77-56
Cecil Community College, Northeast, Maryland
Department of Biology
M76-89
Cedar Creek, Alabama
M78-43
Cedar Creek, Missouri
M77-61
Center Mine, North Dakota; See Baukol Noonan, Inc.
Central Research and Design Institute for Opencast Mining, POLTEGOR, Poland
M76-54 M77-39 M77-45
Ceramic sensor for soil-water measurements
M78-41
Chartiers Creek, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania; See Settler's Cabin Park
Cheat Lake, Monongalia County, West Virginia; See Water quality,—
Chemed Corporation, Cincinnati, Ohio
M78-38
Chicago, University of, Chicago, Illinois
Department of Geology
M78-22
Cblorella vulgari«
Clarion River, Clarion and Jefferson Counties, Pennsylvania
M76-57 M76-89 M79-10
Clark University, Worcester, Massachusetts
M77-52
Clear Creek, Hopkins and Webster Counties, Kentucky
M69-95
Clearfield Creek, Pennsylvania
M71-102
117
-------
GENERAL INDEX
Coal Extraction and Utilization Research Center, Carbondale, Illinois
M79-32
Coal leachate; See Drainage from coal storage piles
Coho salmon
M76-33
in ferric hydroxide suspensions
M76-83 M76-87
Cole's Run, Monongalia County, West Virginia
M74-91
College Farm Stripmine Lake, Crawford County, Kansas
M53-15
Colorado Department of Natural Resources
M78-18
Colorado School of Mines Research Institute, Golden, Colorado
M79-29
Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
M74-93
Department of Zoology and Entomology
M78-51
Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory
M77-77
Colorado surface-mine ponds
M75-66
Commonwealth Technology, Inc., Lexington, Kentucky
M79-18
Conemaugh River, Cambria County and Indiana-Westmoreland County
Line, Pennsylvania
M77-1
Corps of Engineers, U.S. Department of the Army
Baltimore District
M76-70 M76-90 M77-59
Pittsburgh District
M76-83 M79-34
Corrosiveness of mine waters, India
M76-78
Costs
compliance with total dissolved solids regulation, Illinois
M78-28
of pollution abatement, for a small company
M72-93
Court cases; See Legal action
Crooked Creek, Indiana and Armstrong Counties, Pennsylvania
M76-58
Crop production on alluvial materials affected by surface mining
M79-15
Crown Mine Drainage Field Site, U.S. EPA, Crown, West Virginia
M77-86 M78-53 M78-54
118
-------
GENERAL INDEX
Crowsnest Pass, Alberta and British Columbia, Canada
mine-water quality
M77-33
Cumberland Plateau, Tennessee
M79-13
Cynon River, South Wales, Great Britain
M77-37
Daylighting; See Deer Park, Maryland
Decker area, Montana, hydrology
M75-71
Decker Coal Company, Omaha, Nebraska
Decker Mine, Decker, Montana
M75-bl M77-77 M78-49
Deer Park, Maryland, feasibility study of dayllghtlng
M76-79
Denmark, Skjerna River, Ringk^bing Fjord, iron in water and sediments
M76-52 M76-59 M76-88
Dents Run, Monongalia County, West Virginia
M77-4
Dents Run Project, West Virginia
M76-38
Dicks Fork, Pike County, Kentucky
M76-37
Dilution equation to predict mine drainage effects
M76-73
Dorr-Oliver, Inc., Stamford, Connecticut
M66-53
Dow Lake, Athens County, Ohio
biological survey compared to lake Hope
M75-6Q
Dowa Mining Co., Ltd., Japan, Yanahara Mine
M75-74
Drainage diversion, Alabama
M77-43
Drainage from coal refuse and ash disposal, Poland
M77-45
Drainage from coal storage piles
M76-25 M77-83 M78-A M78-26 M78-50
bibliography
M78-8
New York
M78-1
Ohio
M77-26
Pennsylvania
M77-10
Tennessee Valley Authority
M77-16
119
-------
GENERAL INDEX
Drainage from coal storage piles (continued)
western coals
M77-53
Drainage from lignite mines (See also Poland, lignite-mine drainage)
Texas
M76-53 M79-38
Drainage from mines
Coal Measures, northeast England
M75-52
Fife coalfields, Scotland
M76-50
India
M76-78
Maryland, Allegany and Garrett Counties
M74-94
metal mines, Colorado
M76-76
Montana
M75-71
North Branch Potomac River basin, active versus inactive mines
M76-70
Pennsylvania
anthracite coal fields
M77-8
bituminous mines
M72-96
Drainage from open-pit brown-coal mines
Denmark.
M76-52
Drainage from open-pit lignite mines
Poland
M76-54 M77-39
Drainage from surface-mined land (See also Hydrologic effects of surface
mining; Trace elements, in Missouri nined-land effluents)
channel-geometry techniques
M79-46
effect on stream biota
M79-6
Indiana
M66-52
Kentucky
M77-20 M78-7 M78-33
Cumberland Plateau
M77-30
leaching experiments with Montana spoils
M75-61
modeling
M79-47
120
-------
GENERAL INDEX
Drainage from surface-mined land (continued)
North Dakota
M79-21
Knife River basin
M79-22
Ohio
M70-118
used for dumping pickle liquor
M75-64
Powder River basin, Wyoming, Montana
M79-26
Tennessee
M75-68 M76-86 M77-55 M77-67
Cumberland Plateau
M79-13
heavy metals in leachate
M75-58
Wyoming
M76-73
Dual-functional filter
M78-24
Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
Department of Geology
M77-67
E. I. DuPont OeNemours & Co., Wilmington, Delaware
M77-14
ERT Ecology Consultants, Inc., Fort Collins, Colorado
M77-40
Eastern Kentucky University, Richmond, Kentucky
Department of Biological Sciences
M74-90
Department of Geology
M78-33
Edna Mine; See The Pittsburg & Midway Coal Mining Company
Effluent Limitation Guidelines
M77-34
Electrobiochenlcal treatment
M77-7J M78-44
Electrochemical treatment
M76-84
Elk Creek watershed abatement project, West Virginia
M76-62
Elkins Demonstration Project, West Virginia
M77-22
Energy Fuels Corp., Denver, Colorado
M79-29
Engineering Enterprises, Inc., Denver, Colorado
M79-29
121
-------
GENERAL INDEX
Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory, U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, Ohio
M75-56
Environmental Protection Agency, U.S. Government (See also Crown Mine Drainage
Field Site —; Dents Run Project; Elkins Demonstration Project;
Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory; Industrial Environmental
Research Laboratory; Region III, —; Region VIII,—; Technology Transfer
Office of; Water Planning and Standards, Office of)
Effluent Guidelines Division
M77-75
Environmental Systems Corporation, Knoxville, Tennessee
M76-48
Ernest Mine, Creekside, Indiana County, Pennsylvania
M76-58
Erosion and sedimentation
Alabama
M77-43
Black Mesa, Arizona
M77-6
control manual
M76-40
Denmark
M76-88
grading practices for control
M79-48
New River watershed, Tennessee
M77-55 M79-11
Oklahoma
M78-22
zlena mutabilis
Euglena
M71-1
Federal legislation and regulations (See also Effluent Limitation Guidelines;
National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System)
M77-2 M79-39
Effluent Limitation Guideline
M77-75
OSM Surface Coal Mining and Reclamation Operations, Permanent Regulatory
Program
M79-43
Water Quality Management Guide
M77-18
Federal Water Pollution Control Administration, U.S. Department of the
Interior
M76-36
Ferric hydroxide suspension
effect on coho salmon
M76-87
effect on shiners (Notropus cornutue)
M76-34
122
-------
GENERAL INDEX
Ferric hydroxide suspension (continued)
effect on stream biota
M78-32
Filtration; See Dual-functional filter
Fish (See also Coho salmon; Shiners; Trout)
M78-48
acid stress in laboratory tests
M76-75
in Kansas surface-mine ponds
M53-15
in Pennsylvania streams
M71-99
in Tygart Lake, West Virginia
M76-31
Fishery management in surface-mine ponds
Kansas
M54-22
Flocculants
M72-95 M77-53 M79-18
dyes, with or without polymers
M78-38
for treating lignite-mine drainage
M76-54 M77-39
Flooding
Alabama
M77-43
Kentucky, affected by surface mining
M79-8
Fly ash; See Drainage from coal refuse and ash disposal
Forth River Purification Board, Scotland
M76-50
Fungi
M76-36
Gannett Fleming Corddry and Carpenter, Inc., Harrisburg, Pennsylvania
M66-53 M74-94 M76-67 M77-56 M79-41
Cauley River basin. West Virginia
areawide environmental assessment
M80-1
General Dynamics, General Atomic Division, San Diego, California
M66-54
Geological Survey of Canada
M77-33
Geological Survey, U.S. Department of the Interior
M74-92 M76-57
123
-------
GENERAL INDEX
Geological Survey, U.S. Department of the Interior (continued)
Water Resources Division
Cheyenne, Wyoming
M77-84
Denver, Colorado
M78-18
Harrlsburg, Pennsylvania
M76-90 M79-10
Helena, Montana
M77-42
Indianapolis, Indiana
M78-13
Lakevood, Colorado
M76-91 M78-46
Lawrence, Kansas
M79-46
Nashville, Tennessee
M79-11
Reston, Virginia
M77-71 M78-44
University, Alabama
M77-43
Georgia, University of, Athens, Georgia
M79-8
Gilbert/Commonwealth, Reading, Pennsylvania
M78-26
Goose Creek, Powder River basin, Wyoming
M78-10
Grenada, University of, Spain
M79-17
Great Britain (See also Calder River, Lancashire; Cynon River, South Wales;
Drainage from mines, Coal Measures, northeast England; Drainage from mines,
Fife coalfields, Scotland; Forth River Purification Board, Scotland;
Institute of Geological Sciences; Iron content of mine water, south Durham;
Mainsforth Colliery; Murphy Bros. Ltd., Haywood mine, Strathclyde,
Scotland; National Coal Board; North Derbyshire Area; Pumping, south
Durham; Refuse piles, affected by hydrology, Wales; Silverdale Colliery;
Skerne River; Teesside Polytechnic; Wales, University of)
aeration and sedimentation
M76-44
lime neutralization
M76-44
mine dewatering
M78-11
mine drainage composition
M76-45
Green Associates, Inc., Towson, Maryland
M74-94
Greene-Sullivan State Forest, Indiana
M76-71
124
-------
GENERAL INDEX
Ground water
affected by mining, ClearfieId and Centre Counties, Pennsylvania
M77-28
affected by mining, Monongalia County, West Virginia
M77-15
affected by peat deposits, Denmark
H76-59
affected by surface mining and reclamation
M77-32
affected by surface mining, lova
M77-70
control
M79-55
establishment in cast overburden
M77-35
Lackawanna County, Pennsylvania
M75-54
levels, affected by mining, Alabama
M77-43
monitoring
M79-32 M79-43
Grove City College, Grove City, Pennsylvania
M78-5
Biology Department
M76-33 M76-34
Gwin, Dobson & Foreman, Inc., Altoona, Pennsylvania
M77-46
HRB-Singer, Inc., State College, Pennsylvania
M77-11 M79-9
Halcrow, Sir William, and Partners, Mid Glamorgan, Wales
M77-17
Haoaford Creek, Washington
M72-95
Hartman Run, West Virginia
M77-19
Haulage roads; See Road design and construction
Heavy metals
New River watershed, Tennessee
M77-55
removal
M76-84
Hidden Water Creek, Powder River baaln, Wyoming
biological, chemical, and physical survey
M77-84
Hittman Associates, Inc., Columbia, Maryland
M76-56 M77-25 M79-43
Hollywood, Pennsylvania, Experimental Mine Drainage Treatment Facility
M73-85 M76-69
125
-------
GENERAL INDEX
Hungary, mine water handling
M77-41
calculation of water yield
M77-47
Hydrologic effects of surface mining (See also North Dakota hydrology, surface
mining effects on; Water retention in spoil)
M78-40 M79-14 M79-25
alluvial materials
M79-15
modeling
M79-3
monitoring program
M75-73
Oklahoma
M77-52
Poland
M79-35
Powder River basin
M75-65
southeastern Montana
M75-70 M78-49
Hydrology; See Anthracite coal fields, hydrology of abandoned mines; Black
Mesa, Arizona, —; Decker area, Montana, —; Ground water; Hydrologic
effects of surface mining; Knife River Basin, North Dakota, —; Modeling,
mine water flow; Modeling, watershed hydrology; North Dakota —; North
Derbyshire Area, — and water handling; Poland, ground water level affected
by surface mining; Refuse piles, affected by —
Hydrosclence, Inc., Knoxvllle, Tennessee
M79-54
Ichthyological Associates, Inc., Berwick, Pennsylvania
M76-42
Illinois coal refuse
trace elements in leachate from
M77-85
Illinois Institute for Environmental Quality
M78-17 M78-28
Illinois Institute of Natural Resources
M78-14 M79-37
Illinois Institute of Technology
Fritzker Department of Environmental Engineering
M78-32
Illinois legislation and regulations
total dissolved solids
M78-28
Illinois Mining and Mineral Resources Research Institute, Carbondale, Illinois
M79-32
Illinois State Geological Survey
M78-45
126
-------
GENERAL INDEX
M76-31
M76-69
M77-H
M 7 7-80
M79-13
M76-37
M76-71
M77-13
M77-86
M79-28
M76-39
M76-79
M77-22
M78-27
M79-41
EPA, Cincinnati, Ohio
M76-62 M76-67
M77-4
M77-56
M77-5
M77-68
M78-54
Illinois State Water Survey
M78-17 s
Illinois surface-mine ponds (See also Sulfate reduction in organically loaded
pond, Jackson County, Illinois)
M78-17
Grundy County
M79-37
Indian Head Mine, North Dakota; See North American Coal Corporation
Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad, India
Department of Chemistry, Fuel and Metallurgy
M76-78
Indiana surface-mine ponds
M76-71
Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
Water Resources Research Center
M66-52
Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana, Pennsylvania
M67-74 M72-96
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory, U.S.
-• -- •-- -- M76-48 M76-56
M76-82 M76-93
M77-31 M77-46
M78-43 M78-50 M78-53
M79-53 M79-5A
Institute of Geological Sciences, London, England
Hydrogeologlcal Department
M75-52
Interior, U.S. Department of; See Geological Survey; Water Research and
Technology, Office of; Water Resources Research, Office of
Ion-exchange treatment
M75-72 M77-68 M78-54
modified graphite process
M76-84
removal of trace elements
M79-54
Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
Department of Agricultural Engineering
M79-1
Energy & Mineral Resources Research Institute, Coal Project
M77-69 M77-70 M79-32
Iron chemistry
In natural waters
M76-42
Iron content of mine water (See also Iron analysis; Pumping, —)
south Durham, Great Britain
M78-16
variation with pumping
M78-15
Iron content of natural waters; See under names of rivers, streams, and lakes
127
-------
GENERAL INDEX
Iron oxidation
M68-101
biological and chemical rates compared
M75-48
Euglena autabilis
M/l-lTJI
rotating biological contactor
M76-72
Iron oxides, hydroxides; See Ferric hydroxide suspension; Sludge from mine
drainage neutralization
Iron removal (See also Flocculants; Great Britain, aeration and sedimentation)
peroxide treatment
M77-14
phosphate and lime treatment
M77-72
Johnstown flood, July 1977
M77-1
Kaiser Steel Corp., Oakland, California
Sunnyside Mines, Utah
M78-9
Kansas Forestry, Fish, and Game Commission
N53-15 M54-22
Kansas State College, Pittaburg, Kansas
M60-26
Kansas State Teachers College, Pittaburg, Kansas
M53-15
Kansas surface-mine ponds (See also Biota in surface-mine ponds, Kansas;
College Farm Stripmine Lake)
M54-22
Kentucky Department for Natural Resources and Conservation
M76-37
Kentucky, Hopkins County Soil and Water Conservation District (See also
Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, Berea)
M69-95
Kentucky River; See North Fork, Kentucky River
Kentucky sediment pond feasibility study
M76-37
Kentucky surface-wine ponds
Kuhlenberg County
M77-66
Kentucky, University of, Lexington, Kentucky
M77-31 M79-52
Agricultural Engineering Department
M79-4 M79-27 M79-51
Agricultural Experiment Station
M79-5
128
-------
GENERAL INDEX
Kentucky, University of, Lexington, Kentucky (continued)
Agronomy Department
M79-27
Civil Engineering Department
M79-44
Institute for Mining and Minerals Research
M78-3 M79-5
Research Foundation
M77-30
Klraball, L. Bobert, Consulting Engineers, Ebensburg, Pennsylvania
M76-37 M76-58
Klskiminetaa River, Armstrong-Indiana and Armstrong-Westmoreland County Lines,
Pennsylvania
M76-92 M77-1
Knife River basin, North Dakota
hydrology, geology
M79-22
Lackawanna River, Lackawanna County, Pennsylvania
M75-54
Lake Hope, Vinton County, Ohio
M75-69
biological survey compared to Dow Lake, Athens County
M75-60
Lakes; See Sediment ponds; Surface-mine ponds
Land Management, Bureau of, U.S. Department of the Interior
M78-18
Land use
correlated with water quality by remote sensing
M77-30
Laurel Run, West Virginia
M77-80
Leachate from coal storage piles; See Drainage from coal storage piles
Leatherwood Creek, Breathitt County, Kentucky
M74-90 M77-20
Legal action on mine drainage pollution
M77-2 M79-39
from abandoned mines
M77-79
Legislation and regulations (See also Federal —; See under names of states)
compilation of Federal, state, and local
M77-25
effects on the Appalachian coal industry
M77-65
state water quality standards for Colorado, Indiana, Kentucky, Ohio,
Pennsylvania, West Virginia and Wyoming
M78-14
129
-------
GENERAL INDEX
Lepidodermella squammata
M76-51
Library of Congress, Congressional Research Service
M76-30
Lime neutralization (See aLso Great Britain,—)
M75-49 M76-27 M79-44
removal of trace elements
M79-54
Lime-limestone neutralization
M78-53
Limestone barriers in acid streams
M76-93
Limestone neutralization
M71-100
compared to lime neutralization
M77-86
crushed limestone
M74-95 M75-63
barriers in acid streams
M75-62
kinetics
M76-29
Literature reviews; See Bibliographies
Little Scrubgrass Creek, Venango County, Pennsylvania
automatic lime-treatment plant
M66-53
effect of floe on biota
M78-2S
Long Hollow stream, Athens County, Ohio
M76-68
Long Run, Athens County, Ohio
M78-29
Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, University of California, Los Alamos, New
Mexico
M77-85
M W Inc., Architects-Engineers, Indianapolis, Indiana
M76-71
Mahantango Creek, Schuylkili, Northumberland, and Dauphin Counties,
Pennsylvania
M76-63
Mainsforth Colliery, County Durham, Great Britain (See also Pumping, south
Durham)
pumping
M77-12
Manganese removal
M73-88 M79-44
Manganese toxlcity
M76-60
130
-------
GENERAL INDEX
Maple Run, Monongalia County, West Virginia
M74-91
Margaret Creek, Athens County, Ohio
M78-29
Harmon Group, Chicago, Illinois
Cerro/Marraon Coal Division
M78-32
Marshall, George C., Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Alabama, NASA, U.S.
Government
M77-30
Maryland Department of Natural Resources
M74-94
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Ralph M. Parsons Laboratory for Water Resources and Hydrodynamics
M77-32
Mathematical modeling; See Dilution equation to predict mine drainage effects;
Modeling
Hayes, Sudderth and Etheredge, Inc., Lexington, Kentucky
M76-48
Mayflies
larvae survival at acid conditions
M76-68
McConnick, Jack, & Associates, Inc., A Subsidiary of WAPORA, Inc., Berwyn,
Pennsylvania
M77-24
McKlnley Mine; See Pittsburg & Midway Coal Mining Company
Medicine Bow Mine; See Arch Mineral Corp.
Metropolitan Edisoa Company, Portland, Pennsylvania, drainage fro« co*l
storage piles
M77-10
Microbial effects on minerals
M64-17
on coal mine spoils and refuse
M75-50
Midwest Research Institute, Kansas City, Missouri
M75-57 M76-69
Mine closures, effectiveness
M77-11
Mine dewatering (See also Pumping)
wells
M78-42
Mine flooding
M77-80
Mine roof collapse
M76-62
Mine Safety Appliances Company (MSA), Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
M76-27
131
-------
GENERAL IKDEX
Mine sealing (See also Mine closures)
M29-3 M77-11 M77-22 M77-48 M77-49
Mine water uses (See also Public water supplies)
M78-9
Mines, Bureau of, U.S. Department of the Interior
M71-100
Branch of Environmental Affairs
M74-92
mine drainage program review
M31-9
Office of Assistant Director—Mining
M78-19
Mining effects on Decker, Montana, water resources
M75-71
Mining methods (See also Modified block-cut method of surface mining)
Minkers Run, Athens County, Ohio
M76-68 M78-29
Missouri surface-mine ponds
M77-61
Missouri, University of, Rolla, Missouri
M79-48
Mizpah Creek, Montana
M77-A2
Modeling
acid mine drainage in Monongahela River basin
M76-81
aquifer yield, Clearfield and Centre Counties, Pennsylvania
M77-28
drainage from coal storage piles
M77-10
effects of acid drainage on a river system
M76-92
ground water flow
M77-32
impact of mine drainage on stream biology
M76-51 M79-6
impact of surface mining on water quality and quantity
M76-35 M77-64 M79-3 M79-13 M79-47
iron content of mine water affected by pumping
M79-19 M79-20
limestone neutralization
M74-95
mine water flow
M77-60
dewatering wells
M78-42
regional water-resources assessment
M78-46
132
-------
GENERAL INDEX
Modeling (continued)
sediment control with grass filters
M78-3 M79-5
sediment yield
M77-6 M79-4 M79-13
treatment plant location
M77-54
watershed acid production
M76-82
watershed hydrology, using regionalization
M79-7 M79-36
Modified block-cut method of surface mining
M77-31
Monongahela River basin, West Virginia, Pennsylvania
areawide environmental assessment
M79-2
modeling acid mine drainage in West Virginia
M76-81
Monongahela River, West Virginia, Pennsylvania
acid stream effect on biota of
M73-87
sewage in
M78-12 M78-21
Moasanto Research Corporation, Dayton Laboratory, Dayton, Ohio
M77-83 M78-50
Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology
M75-61 M75-70 M75-71
Montana State University, Bozetnan, Montana
Department of Chemistry
M75-61 M75-70
Fisheries Bioassay Laboratory
M77-77
Montana University Joint Water Resources Research Center
M78-36 M78-49
Reclamation Research Program
M79-15
Moraine State Park., Butler County, Pennsylvania
M76-63
Morgan Run, Monongalia County, West Virginia
M74-91
MBssbauer speccroscopy
M78-45 M78-47
Muddy Run, Pennsylvania
M71-102
Municipal drainage, effect on Busseron Creek
M78-13
NPDES See National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
133
-------
GENERAL INDEX
National Aeronautics and Space Administration, U.S. Government; See Marshall,
George C., Space Flight Center
National Coal Board, Great Britain (See also North Derbyshire Area)
M76-28 M76-45
mine drainage treatment
M76-44
National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
M77-24
areawide environmental assessment for
Gauley River basin
M50-1
Monongahela River basin
M79-2
compliance with
M75-49
National Science Foundation, Washington, D.C.
M77-32
Navajo Mine; See Utah International
Nesbitt Engineering, Inc., Lexington, Kentucky
M79-45
Neutralization; See Lime —; Lime-limestone —; Limestone —; Operation
Yellowboy; Sodium hydroxide —
New River, Anderson, Campbell, Morgan, and Scott Counties, Tennessee
M75-68 M76-86 M77-55 M77-67
sediment loads
M79-11
(Jonpoint source pollution
M75-57
North American Coal Corporation, Western Division, Bismark, North Dakota
Indian Head Mine, Beulah, North Dakota
M79-21
North Branch Potomac River, West Virginia, Maryland
M74-94 M76-70 M77-59
North Dakota Geological Survey
M79-21 M79-22 M79-A2
North Dakota hydrology
M79-21
surface mining effects on
M75-73 M79-42
North Dakota spoil characterization
M79-21
North Dakota, University of, Grand Forks, North Dakota
Engineering Experiment Station
M79-42
North Derbyshire Area, National Coal Board, Great Britain
hydrology and water handling
M78-39
134
-------
GENERAL INDEX
North Fork, Kentucky River, Perry County, Kentucky
M78-33
Northeast Watershed Research Center, University Park, Pennsylvania
M77-64
Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, U.S. Department of Agriculture
Berea, Kentucky
M77-20 M78-7 M79-8 M79-14
Northern Anthracite Coal Field, Pennsylvania
M75-54
Northern Great Plains
ground water flow model
M77-32
surface-mine ponds
M78-23
Northwest Allegany County and Lower Georges Creek Complex, Allegany and
Garrett Counties, Maryland
M74-94
ORSANCO; See Ohio River Valley Sanitation Commission
Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
Environmental Sciences Division
M78-4
Ohio River Valley Water Sanitation Commission
M78-34
Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
Department of Chemical Engineering
M75-48
Department of Geology and Mineralogy
M75-64
Department of Microbiology
M75-50 M75-51 M76-26
Research Foundation
M76-82
Ohio University, Athens, Ohio
Department of Zoology and Microbiology
M75-60 M76-41 M76-68 M78-29
Oklahoma surface-mined land
M78-22
Old West Regional Commission, U.S. Government
M76-77
Operation Yellowboy
M66-53
Overburden as aquifers; See water retention in spoil
Ozone treatment
M73-88
135
-------
GENERAL INDEX
Peabody Coal Company, St. Louis, Missouri
Big Sky Mine, Colstrip, Montana
M78-49
Black Mesa, Arizona
M77-6 M77-82
Kentucky Regional Laboratory, Central City, Kentucky
M77-66
Will Scarlet Mine, Illinois
sludge pond limnology
M77-50
FEDCo Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, Ohio
H77-22
Pennsylvania Coal Research Board
M66-53 M68-101
Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources
M74-92 M76-S7 M77-14 M79-10 M79-4J
Division of Mine Drainage Control and Reclamation
M77-76
Operation Scarlift
M71-102 M76-58 M76-63
Pennsylvania Electric Company, Warren, Pennsylvania, drainage from coal
storage piles
M77-10
Pennsylvania Geological Survey
M75-54
Pennsylvania legislation
M29-3 M77-2 M77-76
Pennsylvania Power and Light Company, Allentown, Pennsylvania
M76-A2
Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
M77-44 M78-35
College of Earth and Mineral Sciences
M68-101 M77-28
Department of Agronomy
M79-12
Department of Biology
M71-99 M77-74 M77-78
Department of Chemical Engineering
M76-29
Department of Geography
M77-23
Department of Mineral Engineering
M77-60
Institute for Research on Land and Water Resources
M73-85 M74-95 M75-62 M75-63 M76-72 M78-5
MIddletown Campus
M77-14
Pennsylvania Topographic and Geologic Survey; See Pennsylvania Geological
Survey
136
-------
GENERAL INDEX
Peroxide treatment; See under Iron removal
Pickard and Anderson, Auburn, New York
M76-25 M78-J
Pickle liquor, dumped in surface-mine pits
M75-64
Piedmont Lake, Ohio
M70-118
Pittsburg & Midway Coal Mining Company, Denver, Colorado
Edna Mine, Oak Creek, Colorado
M74-93 M77-77 M78-51 M79-29
McKinley Mine, Gallup, New Mexico
M79-29
Pittsburgh, University of, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Department of Civil Engineering
M76-87
Graduate School of Public Health
M72-9A M76-83 M76-87
Planning for mining
M78-43
Poland (See also Drainage from coal refuse and ash disposal; Drainage from
open-pit lignite mines)
ground water level affected by surface mining
M76-61
lignite-mine drainage
M77-39
sediment control
M76-55
Polarography
M72-96
Pond River watershed, Kentucky
M77-21
Ponds; See Sediment ponds; Surface-mine ponds
Powder River basin, Wyoming, Montana
M75-65 M76-77 M77-42 M79-26 M79-40
Precipitation runoff; See Drainage from coal storage piles; Drainage from
surface-mined land
Predicting mine drainage quality
M76-50
Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey
M79-33
Department of Geological and Geophysical Sciences
M78-30 M78-31
Public water supplies (See also Surface-mine ponds,—)
M77-23
Pumping (See also Mainsforth Colliery; North Derbyshire Area, hydrology and
water handling; Submersible pumps)
M69-95 M78-9
137
-------
GENERAL INDEX
Pumping (continued)
Murphy Bros Ltd., Heywood mine, Strathclyde, Scotland
M79-30
variation of iron content of drainage
model for
M79-19 M79-20
south Durham, Great Britain
M78-15
Pumpkin Creek, Montana
M77-42
Pyrite analysis (See also MSssbauer spectroscopy)
petrography, West Virginia coals
M77-29
Pyrite oxidation
bacterial action on coal refuse
M76-26
Pyrite reactivity
M78-47
related to paleoenvironment
M77-13
Quarry Run, Honongalia County, Vest Virginia
M74-91
Raccoon Creek, Hocking County, Ohio
M78-29
Recovery from pollution; See stream recovery
Redbank Creek, Clarion County, Pennsylvania
M76-57 M79-10
Redbank Creek watershed, Clarion County, Pennsylvania
H77-23
Refuse piles (See also Drainage from coal refuse and ash disposal)
activity of iron oxidizing bacteria
M76-26
affected by hydrology, Wales
M77-17
trace elements in leachate from
M77-85
Refuse use
ground water pollution
M78-6
Region 111, U.S. EPA
M77-24 M79-2
Region VIII, U.S. EPA
M79-25
Remote sensing (See also Land use, correlated with water quality by —)
Research Needs Related to Acid Mine Water Workshop
M77-62
138
-------
GENERAL INDEX
Resource Consultants, Inc., Brentwood, Tennessee
M79-24
Reverse osmosis
M76-74
POGO unit, Decker No. 3 mine, Klttanning, Pennsylvania
M66-54
removal of trace elements
M79-54
Rhoadea Branch, Letcher County, Kentucky
M76-37
Road design and construction
sediment control
M76-48
Roaring Creek, Randolph County, West Virginia
M77-5
Robinson Run, Monongalia County, West Virginia
M73-87 M77-4
Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, U.S. Department of
Agriculture
Albuquerque, New Mexico
M78-41
Rapid City, South Dakota
M78-23
Rosebud Coal Sales Co., Omaha, Nebraska
Rosebud Mine, Hanna, Wyoming
M79-29
Rosebud Creek, Montana
M77-42
Rosebud Mine, Colstrip, Montana; See Western Energy Company
Rotating biological contactor
M76-72 M78-35
Rubles Run, Monongalia County, West Virginia
M74-91
Runoff; See Drainage from coal storage piles; Drainage from surface-mined land
Ryckman/Edgerley/Tomlineon & Associates, Inc., St. Louis, Missouri
M76-71
Saline Water, Office of, U.S. Department of the Interior
M66-54
Sandy Run, Athens County, Ohio
M76-68
Sandy Run, Vinton County, Ohio
M78-29
Sanitary-indicator bacteria in mine-drainage streams
M77-19 M78-12
Sarpy Creek, Montana
M77-42
139
-------
GENERAL INDEX
Sediment characteristics
M75-47
Sediment control (See also Poland, lignite-mine drainage, sediment control'
Road design and construction, —)
M72-95 M77-31
coagulants
M79-16
dams in series
M79-45
grass filters
mathematical models
M78-3 M79-5 M79-27
Kentucky surface-mined land
M78-33
Sediment effect
on stream fish populations, Kentucky
M74-90
Sediment ponds (See also Modeling, sediment yield)
M79-53
design
M79-1 M79-16 M79-18 M79-44 M79-50 M79-51 M79-52
feasibility study, Kentucky
M76-37
Iowa
M77-69 M79-1
Kentucky, Pennsylvania, West Virginia
M76-S6
Settler's Cabin Park, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania
M76-46
Sewage (See also Sanitary-indicator bacteria in mine-drainage streams)
and mine drainage combined Cor pollution abatement
M77-71 M78-44
in mine drainage streams
M77-1 M78-12 M78-21
sludge as soil conditioner
M79-41
Shiners (Notropus cornutus)
M76-34
Silverdale Colliery, Newcaatle-under-Lyme, Great Britain
M77-7 M77-36 M77-57 H77-58 H77-81 M78-52
Sinnemahoning Creek, Bennett Branch, Pennsylvania
M77-54
Skelly and toy. Consultants, Engineers, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania
M71-102 M76-62 M76-70 M77-59 M79-16 M79-36 M79-53
Skerne River, County Durham, Great Britain
M77-12
Slippery Rock Creek, Butler and Lawrence Counties, Pennsylvania
M76-89
140
-------
GENERAL INDEX
Slippery Rock State College, Slippery Rock, Pennsylvania
Department of Biology
M76-89
Sludge from mine drainage neutralization (See also Ferric hydroxide
suspension)
dewatering with dual-functional filter
M76-49 M78-24
settling
M77-73
settling pond
chemical limnology of
M77-50
utilization
M76-47
Slurry trenching
M76-62
Snowy Creek, West Virginia
M77-80
Soda ash/lime treatment
M77-46
Sodium hydroxide neutralization
M79-44
Soil Conservation Service, U.S. Department of ^riculture
M69-95 M78-13
Soils for renovation of acid mine water
H73-85
South Carolina, University of, Columbia, South Carolina
M77-13
Department of Geology
M77-27
South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota
M75-65
Engineering and Mining Experiment Station
M76-77
Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois
M78-45
Department of Botany
M77-61
Department of Zoology
M79-49
Sparganium americanum
M76-89
Spencer Creek basin, Rogers County, Oklahoma
M77-52
Sport Fisheries & Wildlife, Bureau of, U.S. Department of the Interior
M76-31
State legislation, summary of mine drainage pollution control laws
M76-30
Stream recovery
M77-4 M77-5 M77-22
141
-------
GENERAL INDEX
Streambed reconstruction
M77-56
Stroud's Run, Athens County, Ohio
M76-41 M78-29
Submersible pumps
M78-2 M78-37
Subsidence
projected for the future
M78-27
Sulfate reduction in organically loaded pond, Jackson County, Illinois
M79-49
Sunday Creek, Athens County, Ohio
M76-41
Sunnyside Mines; See Kaiser Steel Corp.
Sunnyside Run, Monongalia County, West Virginia
M74-91
Surface mining effects; See Hydrologic effects of surface mining; Water
quality affected by surface mining; Water retention in spoils
Surface mining, Office of, U.S. Department of the Interior; See Federal
legislation and regulations, OSH surface coal mining and regulation
operations
Surface-mine land; See Drainage from surface-mine land
Surface-mine ponds (See also Biota in —; Fish, in Kansas —; Illinois —;
Indiana —; Missouri —; Northern Great Plains, —; Trout in —; West
Virginia —; Wyoming)
affected by acid precipitation
M79-9
development
M77-40
public water supply, West Virginia
M76-85
treatment
M77-66
wildlife habitat
M78-23
Surface-mine reclamation (See also Anthracite coal fields, surface mine
reclamation)
M77-22
as abatement technique
M76-39 M79-A1
Surface-mine spoil; See Drainage from surface-mined land; Water retention in
spoil
Surface-mining effects
Model State Program for controlling water pollution
M7S-34
142
-------
GENERAL INDEX
Suspended solids; See Flocculants; Sediment
Susquehanna River Basin Commission
M76-90
Susquehanna River, Pennsylvania (See also Catawissa Creek; West Branch —)
iron chemistry in
M76-42
Swamps
M77-21
Swatara Creek watershed, Pennsylvania
M77-8
TRC - THE RESEARCH CORPORATION of New England, Wethersfield, Connecticut
M77-10
Technology Transfer, Office of, U.S. EPA
M76-40
Teesside Polytechnic, Middlesborough, Great Britain
Department of Civil and Structural Engineering and Building
M77-12
Tennessee, University of, Knoxville, Tennessee
Department of Civil Engineering
M75-58 M75-68 M76-66
Department of Geological Sciences
M77-67
Environment Center, Appalachian Resources Project
M77-55
Water Resources Research Center
M76-86
Tennessee Valley Authority, U.S. Government
M79-7
Division of Environmental Planning, Chattanooga, Tennessee
M77-16
Fisheries and Aquatic Ecology Branch, Morris, Tennessee
M79-6
Office of Natural Resources, Chattanooga, Tennessee
M79-13
Water Systems Development Branch, Norris, Tennessee
M79-3
Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
Department of Geology
M79-38
Water Resources Institute
M76-53
Texas lignite fields
M76-53
ThiobacilluB ferrooxidana
M78-3U
Tick Ridge stream, Hocking County, Ohio
M78-29
143
-------
GENERAL INDEX
Tioga River basin, Pennsylvania, New York
M76-90
mine drainage abatement project
M76-67 M79-A1
Tohoku Regional Construction Bureau, Japan
M75-74
Tongue River, Wyoming, Montana
M76-73 M77-42 M78-10
Total dissolved solids regulation
cost of compliance
M78-28
Tower Run, Monongalia County, West Virginia
M74-91
Toxiclty; See Manganese toxicity
Trace elements (See also Heavy metals)
in drainage from cosl storage piles
M77-83
in drainage from Montana surface-mined land
M78-49
in drainage from Northern Anthracite Coal Field mines
M75-54
in Illinois coal refuse leachate
M77-85
in Missouri mined-land effluents
M77-61
in Tennessee rivers
M77-67
removal
M79-54
Yanpa River basin
M77-38
Treatment of acid mine drainage; See Acid vine drainage treatment
Trough Creek, Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania
limestone barriers
M76-93
Trout
in ferric hydroxide suspensions
M76-83
in surface-mine ponds
M75-66
in West Virginia streams
M76-43
manganese toxicity
M76-60
survival in acid conditions
M76-65
laboratory and field testa
M77-74
144
-------
GENERAL INDEX
Trout Creek, northwestern Colorado
M78-51
Turtle Creek, Westmoreland and Allegheny Counties, Pennsylvania
M72-94
Tygart Lake, West Virginia
M76-31 M79-34
sediment analysis
M75-47
Upper Three Runs, Clearfield County, Pennsylvania
M71-99 K77-78
Use of treated mine water
M76-74
Utah International, San Francisco, California
Navajo Mine, Fruitland, New Mexico
M78-41
Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
M78-8
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia
M76-51
Department of Biology
M78-25
Water Resources Research Center
M76-35
Wales, University of, United Kingdom
Institute of Science and Technology, Cardiff
M77-37
University College of Wales, Aberyatwyth, Department of Zoology
M78-20
Washington Irrigation and Development Company, Centralia, Washington
M72-95
Water diversion
M79-41
Water handling (See also Great Britain, mine dewatering; Hungary —; Mine
dewatering; North Derbyshire Area, hydrology and —; Pumping)
M79-17
ground water control
M79-55
Water Planning and Standards, Office of, U.S. EPA
M77-18
Water quality (See also Acid mine drainage, composition; Crowsnest Pass; Lake
Hope, Vinton, County, Ohio; Land use; Legislation and regulation, state
water quality standards for Colorado, Indiana, Kentucky, Ohio,
Pennsylvania, West Virginia, and Wyoming; Names of rivers and streams;
Predicting mine drainage quality)
affected by coal wastes
M76-80
U5
-------
GENERAL INDEX
Water quality (continued)
affected by surface mining
M73-84 M79-25
Alberta, Canada
M79-23
Colorado
M78-51
compared to metal mining
M74-93
IOWA
M77-69 M77-70
mathematical model
M76-35
measurement by a two-element ceramic sensor
M78-41
Montana
M78-49
North Dakota
M79-42
Pennsylvania
M78-5
Poland
M79-31
storage of wastes In openpits
M79-35
Powder River basin
M79-40
Tennessee
M76-66 M76-86
western United States
M79-29
Alabama
M77-43
Cheat Lake, West Virginia, tributaries
M74-91
aanagenent for compliance with regulations
M77-18
Ma, K, Mg, and Ca in River Cynon, South Wales
M77-37
West Virginia, Nonongalia County
M77-15
Water Research and Technology, Office of, U.S. Department of the Interior
M77-19
Water Resources Research, Office of, U.S. Department of the Interior
M73-85 M76-35 M76-53 M76-92 M7B-5
Water retention in spoil
M79-47
Indiana
1466-52
146
-------
GENERAL INDEX
Water retention in spoil (continued)
Powder River basin
M76-77
Tennessee
M76-66 M76-86
Waterloo, University of, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
M79-42
Watkins and Associates, Inc., Lexington, Kentucky
M77-31
West Branch, Susquehanna River, Pennsylvania (See also Black Moshannon Creek,
Pennsylvania; Clearfield Creek, Pennsylvania; Muddy Run, Pennsylvania;
Upper Three Runs, Pennsylvania)
M77-78
West Virginia
recommendations for NPDES permit program
M77-24
West Virginia coals; See Pyrite analysis, petrography
West Virginia Department of Natural Resources (See also Dents Run Project)
M76-43 M76-62
Division of Water Resources
M63-29 M76-81
Division of Wildlife Resources
M76-65
West Virginia Geological and Economic Survey
M75-67 M78-47
West Virginia legislation
M77-2
West Virginia surface-mine ponds, public water supply
M76-85
West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
M72-93 M76-31
Agricultural Experiment Station
M78-21
Center for Appalachian Studies and Development
M63-29
Coal Research Bureau
M76-47 M76-64 M77-2 M77-3 M77-29 M77-51
College of Law
M79-39
Department of Biology
M73-86 M73-87 M74-91 M75-55
Department of Chemical Engineering
M76-49
Department of Civil Engineering
M63-29 M76-81
Department of Physics
M78-47
Division of Plant Sciences
M75-59
147
-------
GENERAL INDEX
West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia (continued)
Water Research Institute
M75-47 M76-75 M76-84 M77-15 M77-19 M77-62 M7&-12
M78-24
Western Energy Company, Butte, Montana
Rosebud Mine, Colstrip, Montana
M75-61 M78-49 M79-29
Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, Kentucky
M77-21
Westmoreland Resources, Billings, Montana
Abaalolca Mine, Hard in, Montana
M78-49
Weston, Roy P., Inc., West Chester, Pennsylvania
M77-53
White River basin, Colorado, Wyoming
M78-18
Wildwood Mine, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania
M77-14
Wilkes College, Willtes-Barre, Pennsylvania
M73-88
Will Scarlet Mine; See Peabody Coal Company
Wolf Creek, Pennsylvania
M76-89
Woodward-Clyde Consultants, Clifton, New Jersey
H75-73
Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio
M77-72
Department of Chemistry and Brehn Environmental Laboratory
M75-S9
Wyoming, Powder River basin, surface-mine ponds
M77-B4
Wyoming, University of, Laramie, Wyoming
Water Resources Research Institute
M79-26
Xavler University, Cincinati, Ohio
M72-93
Yampa River basin, Colorado, Wyoming
M76-91 M77-38 M78-18 M78-46
Youghiagheny River basin, West Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania
M77-80
Zeta potential
M77-73
148
-------
APPENDIX A
COAL AND THE ENVIRONMENT ABSTRACT SERIES:
BIBLIOGRAPHY ON MINED-LAND RECLAMATION
Allaire, P. N., RECLAIMED SURFACE MINES: NEW POTENTIAL FOR SOME NORTH
AMERICAN BIRDS American Birds ,3£ (1). 3-5 (Jan. 1978). CE699
Allan, M. H., COAL MINING AND RECLAMATION AT SPC OPERATIONS CIM
Bulletin _H (794), 82-83 (June 1978). Jour, CE824a
ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF PUBLIC LAW 95~87 ON MINING PERFORMANCE
Skelly and Loy, First Interim Report to U.S. Department of Energy,
Contract No. ET-77-C01-8914, Oct. 1978. 126 pp.+ appendixes CE789
Babcock, C. 0. and Hooker, V. E., RESULTS OF RESEARCH TO DEVELOP GUIDELINES
FOR MINING NEAR SURFACE AND UNDERGROUND BODIES OF WATER U.S. Bureau of
Mines, 1C 8741 (1977). 17 pp. BurM
Barth, R. C., SALINE AND SODIC SPOILS: WHAT ARE THEY AND HOW ARE THEY
RECLAIMED Mining Congress Journal 62_ (7), 51-55, 60 (July 1976). Jour
Bauer, A., SPOILBANK RECLAMATION RESEARCH ACTIVITIES OF THE NORTH DAKOTA
AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION North Dakota Farm Research Bulletin 34^
(1), 3-4 (Oct. 1976). CE804
Bay, R. R., REHABILITATION POTENTIALS AND LIMITATIONS OF SURFACE MINED
LANDS in 41at North America Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference,
Washington, D.C., March 21-25, 1976. pp 345-355. CE771
BengtBon, G. W. and Mays, D. A., GROWTH AND NUTRITION OF LOBLOLLY PINE ON
COAL MINE SPOIL AS AFFECTED BY NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZER AND
COVER CROPS Forest Science 24_ (3), 398-409 (1978). CE746
Bennett, 0. L., STRIP MINING: NEW SOLUTIONS TO AN OLD BUT GROWING
PROBLEM Crops & Soils Magazine 29_ (4), 12-14 (Jan. 1977). CE532
Berdusco, R. J. and MilUgan, A. W., SURFACE RECLAMATION SITUATIONS AND
PRACTICES ON COAL EXPLORATION AND SURFACE MINE SITES AT SPARWOOD, B.C.
CIM Bulletin Tl_ (794), 78-81 (June 1978). Jour
BIG STEPS MADE IN ARNOT RESTORATION Coal, Gold Base Minerals of
Southern Africa 26 (7), 63, 65 (July 1978). R868
Binder, D., STRIP MINING, THE WEST AND THE NATION Land & Water Law
Reviewed), 1-72 (1977). CE809
Blenkinsop, A., SOME ASPECTS OF THE PROBLEM OF THE RESTORATION OF OPEN
CAST COAL SITES Planning Outlook, The Journal of the School of Town
and Country Planning, King's College, University of Durham ^ (3), 28-32
(1957). J. S. Allen, Ed., London: The Oxford University Press. CE763b
149
-------
Bogner, J. E. and Perry, A. 0., INTEGRATED MINED-AREA RECLAMATION AND LAND
USE PLANNING. VOL. 3F: A CASE STUDY OF SURFACE MINING AND RECLAMATION
PLANNING: CANNELTON MINE NO. 9-S Argonne National Laboratory,
ANL/EMR-1 (1977). 54 pp. NTIS, ANL/EMR-1(V.3F). DOE
Bohm, R. A., Gibbons, J. H., Mlnear, R. A., Moore, J. R., Schlottmann, A.
M., and Zwick, B., THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF BACK-TO-CONTOUR RECLAMATION OF
SURFACE COAL MINES IN APPALACHIA: THE TVA MASSENGALE MOUNTAIN PROJECT
University of Tennessee, Appalachian Resources Project, Report to
Tennessee Valley Authority, ARP #50 (Dec. 15, 1976). 107 pp. CE407b
Bosselman, F. P., THE CONTROL OF SURFACE MINING: AN EXERCISE IN CREATIVE
FEDERALISM Natural Resources Journal, University of New Mexico School
of Law£ (2), 137-165 (April 1969). R801
Boulton, R. J., OPENCAST COAL MINING AND CONSERVATION Agriculture 78
(3), 132-135 (1971). CE533
Briggs, J. M., Anderson, C. E., and Laflen, J. M., THE EFFECT OF DEEP TILLAGE
ON SOIL AND WATER LOSS AND CROP YIELD FROM RECLAIMED SURFACE MINED LAND
American Society of Agricultural Engineers Winter Meeting, New Orleans,
Louisiana, Dec. 11-14, 1979. Paper No. 79-2536. 18 pp. ASAE
Brooker, R. and Farnell, G. W., KIRKLEES TAKES THE SPOIL OUT OF COLLIERY
WASTE Surveyor 15£ (4530), 13-15 (March 8, 1979). CE755
Brown, R. W. and Johnston, R. S., REVEGETATION OF AN ALPINE MINE DISTURBANCE:
BEARTOOTH PLATEAU, MONTANA U.S. Department of Agriculture,
Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Research Mote INT-206
(1976). 8 pp. CE769
Brown, R. W., Johnston, R. S. , and Johnson, D. A., REHABILITATION OF ALPINE
TUNDRA DISTURBANCES Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 33 (4),
154-160 (July-Aug. 1978). CE539
Brumbaugh, F. R., GET THE BIG PICTURE - TO COMPLY WITH RECLAMATION LAWS
Coal Mining & Processing J£ (2), 57-60, 76 (Feb. 1979). Jour
Brumbaugh, F. R., STRIP MINE RECLAMATION AND REMOTE SENSING
Mining Congress Journal 65 (1), 57-61 (Jan. 1979). Jour
Bultena, G. L., PUBLIC ATTITUDES TOWARD COAL STRIP MINING IN IOWA
Journal of Soil and Water Conservation _3* (3)t 135-138 (May-June 1979).
Jour
Caldwell, N. B., AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SURFACE-MINED AREA
RECLAMATION RESEARCH U.S. Department of Agriculture, Northeastern
Forest Experinent Station, NE/NA 1600-1 (Sept. 1978). 36 pp. USDA,
CE810
150
-------
Carpenter, S., Graves, D., Wittwer, R., and Eigel, R., PLANTING FOR THE FUTURE
LandMarc 2. (5), 28-29 (May 1979). Jour, R817
Carpenter, S. B., Graves, D. H., and Eigel, R. A., PRODUCING BLACK LOCUST
BIOMASS FOR FUEL ON SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN SURFACE MINES Energy
Communications _5 (2), 101-108 (1979). Jour, R844
Carpenter, S. B., Graves, D. H., and Kruspe, R. R., INDIVIDUAL TREE MULCHING
AS AN AID TO THE ESTABLISHMENT OF TREES ON SURFACE MINE SPOIL
Reclamation Review J_ (3/4), 139-142 (1978). Jour
Charles, J« A., Naiamith, W. A., and Burford, D., SETTLEMENT OF BACKFILL AT
HORSLEY RESTORED OPENCAST COAL MINING SITE Conference on Large Ground
Movements and Structures, UWIST, Cardiff, Wales July 1977. Great
Britain, Building Research Establishment, Current Paper CP A6/77.
14 pp. R996
Christy, P. L., Smith, W. E., and Filer, E. E., NEW LAND USES CREATED BY
SURFACE MINING Mining Congress Journal 65_ (5), 40-45 (May 1979).
Jour, R819
Clemence, S. P. and Pool, J. M., MODEL STUDIES OF INDUCED SLOPE FAILURES IN
STRIP MINE WASTES in "Geotechnical Practice For Disposal of Solid
Waste Materials," New York: American Society of Civil Engineers, 1977.
pp 680-696. R994
Coaldrak*. J. E. and Russell, M, J., REHABILITATION WITH PASTURE AFTER
OPEN-CUT COAL MINING AT THREE SITES IN THE BOWEN COAL BASIN OF
QUEENSLAND Reclamation Review 1_ (1), V-7 (March 1978). Jour, R985
Coates, W. E., CAN SURFACE MINING BE COMPATIBLE WITH URBANIZATION? CD!
Bulletin 68_ (763), 41-47 (Nov. 1975). Jour, R990
Cook, F. and Kelly, W., EVALUATION OF CURRENT SURFACE COAL MINING OVERBURDEN
HANDLING TECHNIQUES AND RECLAMATION PRACTICES Mathematica, Inc.,
Mathtech Division, Final Report on Contract No. S0144081 to U.S. Bureau
of Mines, BuMinee OFR 28-77 (Dec. 24, 1976). 318 pp. NTIS, PB-264 111.
CE266
Coulthard, M. A., CALCULATED EFFECTS OF MINING PROCEDURES ON POTENTIAL
SPOIL FAILURES Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research
Organization, Australia, Division of Applied Geomechanics, Technical
Report No. 66 (1977). 10 pp. CE800
CREATING LAND FOR TOMORROW: A GUIDE TO LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT'S
PARTICIPATION IN PLANNING MINERAL DEVELOPMENT Landscape Architecture
Technical Information Series 1 (3), 2-45 (Oct. 1978). Published by
American Society of Landscape Architects (ASLA) in cooperation with U.S.
Program. Available, ASLA, 1900 M Street, N.W., Suite 750, Washington,
D.C. 20036. Members and students $1.00, Non-members $5.00. R995
151
-------
Curtis, W. R. , HYDROLOGIC ASPECTS OF SURFACE MINING IN THE EAST
Proceedings, Society of American Foresters 1977. pp 152-157. CE700
Curtis, V. R. and Superfesky, M. J., EROSION OF SURFACE-MINE SPOILS
Proceedings of the 32nd Annual Meeting, Soil Conservation Society of
America, Richmond, Virginia, Aug. 7-10, 1977, pp 154-158. CE701
Czapowskyj, M. M. and Writer, R., HYDROSEEDING ON ANTHRACITE COAL-MINE
SPOILS U.S. Department of Agriculture, Northeastern Forest Experiment
Station, Forest Service Research Note NE-124 (1970). 8 pp. USDA, CE702
Dalsted, N. L. and Leistritz, F. L., A SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY ON COAL-ENERGY
DEVELOPMENT OF PARTICULAR INTEREST TO THE WESTERN STATES North Dakota
State University, Agricultural Experiment Station, Agricultural
Economics Miscellaneous Report No. 16 (April 1974). 82 pp. CE777
Davidson, W. H., AMENDMENTS AID RECLAMATION PLANTINGS ON BITUMINOUS MINE
SPOILS IN PENNSYLVANIA Reprinted from Pennsylvania Forests 65_ (4) ,
Issue 438 (Dec. 1975). 2 pp. CE786
Davidson, W. H., BIRCH SPECIES SURVIVE WELL ON PROBLEM COAL MINE SPOILS
in Proceedings of 24th Northeastern Forest Tree Improvement Conference,
University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, July 26-29, 1976.
pp 95-101. CE785
Davidson, W. H., HYBRID POPLAR PULPWOOD AND LUMBER FROM A RECLAIMED
STRIP-MINE U.S. Department of Agriculture, Northeastern Forest
Experiment Station, Forest Service Research Note NE-282 (1979). 2 pp.
USDA, CE782
Davidson, W. H., RESULTS OF TREE AND SHRUB PLANTINGS ON LOW pH
STRIP-MINE BANKS U.S. Department of Agriculture, Northeastern Forest
Experiment Station, Forest Service Research Note NE-285 (1979). 5 pp.
USDA, CE784
Davidson, W. H. and Riddle, J., OLD STRIP MINE PRODUCES ... NEW PULPWOOD
CROP Pennsylvania Forests 68 (2), IB (Summer 1978). CE703
DELTA COMBINES EFFICIENT STRIPPING WITH SAFETY & OUTSTANDING RECLAMATION
Coal Mining & Processing L5 (4), 112-113, 116, 118 (April 1978). Jour
DePuit, E. J. and Coenenberg, J. G., METHODS FOR ESTABLISHMENT OF NATIVE
PLANT COMMUNITIES ON TOPSOILED COAL STRIPMINE SPOILS IN THE NORTHERN
GREAT PLAINS Reclamation Review £ (2), 75-83 (1979). Jour
DePuit, E. J. and Coenenberg, J. G., RESPONSES OF REVEGETATED COAL STRIP
MINE SPOILS TO VARIABLE FERTILIZATION RATES, LONGEVITY OF FERTILIZATION
PROGRAM AND SEASON OF SEEDING Montana State University, Agricultural
Experiment Station, Bozeman, Montana, Research Report 150 (July 1979).
81 pp. CE537a
152
-------
DePuit, E. J. and Dollhopf, D. J., REVEGETATION RESEARCH ON COAL
SURFACE-MINED LANDS AT WEST DECKER MINE, DECKER, MONTANA: PROGRESS
REPORT 1975 Montana State University, Agricultural Experiment Station,
Bozeman, Montana, Research Report 133 (Aug. 1978). 30 pp. CE618
Dickman, I. 'l., WHEN WILL OHIO'S STRIP MINE LANDS BE RECLAIMED? Ohio
Reclamation Association (undated). (8 pp.) Reproduced, with
permission, from "Annual Coal and Nonmetallic Mineral Report," H.
Kefauver, Ed., Ohio Department of Industrial Relations, 1961. R834
DO ROCKS HOLD ANSWERS TO ENVIRONMENTAL ILLS? U.S. Department of
Agriculture, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, Forestry Science
Photo Story No. 33 (undated). 4 pp. CE704
Dollhopf, D. J. , Goerlng, J. D. , Levins, C. J. , Bautnan, B. J., Hedberg, D.
W., and Hodder, R. L., SELECTIVE PLACEMENT OF COAL STRIPMINE OVERBURDEN IN
MONTANA. III. SPOIL MIXING PHENOMENA Montana State University,
Agricultural Experiment Station, Reclamation Research Program, Research
Report 135, Interim Report July 1977 to June 1978 to U.S. Bureau of
Mines, Office of Assistant Director of Mining, Contract No. H0262032
(June 1978). 68 pp. R1031
DONCASTER CARR PROJECT Surveyor L5_I (4485), 16 (May 25, 1978). CE595
Barley, D., THE GREENING OF BROWN LAND LandMarc 2^ (2), 27, 29 {Feb.
1979). Jour
Earman, W. K. and Wood, R. D., RECLAMATION AFTER STRIP MINING Electric
Forum (General Electric Company) 3^ (1), 19-21 (1977). R1006
END-LOADER ACCELERATES OVERBURDEN REMOVAL Coal Mining & Processing 15
(6), 94 (June 1978). Jour
Energy/Environment II: Second National Conference on the Interagency
R&D Program Washington, D.C., by U.S. EPA, Office of Energy, Minerals,
and Industry, June 6-7, 1977, E. J. Voris, Ed., Energy/Environment R4D
Decision Series, EPA-600/9-77-025 (Nov. 1977). 564 pp. EPA
Davis, G., FOREST SERVICE MINING RECLAMATION RESEARCH pp 191-193.
Power, J. F. and Bennett, 0. L., PROTECTION OF SOIL AND WATER RESOURCES
ON LAND DISTURBED BY MINING pp 195-201. CE379
Erdman, J. A. and Ebens, R. J., ELEMENT CONTENT OF CRESTED WHEARGRASS GROWN
ON RECLAIMED COAL SPOILS AND ON SOILS NEARBY Journal of Range
Management 32 (2), 159-161 (1979). CE754
Fail, J. L., Jr. and Wochok, Z. S., SOYBEAN GROWTH ON FLY ASH-AMENDED STRIP
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Garcia, W. J., Blessin, C. W., Inglett, G. E., and Carlson, R. 0.,
PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND HEAVY METAL CONTENT OF CORN GROWN
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Geyer, W. A. and Rogers, N. F., SPOILS CHANGE AND TREE GROWTH ON COAL-MINED
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Gilbreath, J. L., THE STATE OF THE ART OF EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL
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Gist, C. S., Clebsch, E., McCord, R., Villein, D., and Dietz, D., A HANDBOOK
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Glenn-Lewin, D. C., NATURAL REVEGETATION OF ACID COAL SPOILS IN
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21st Annual Meeting, Las Vegas, Ifevada, April 15-16, 1977. 25 pp. R784
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Grandt, A. F., RECLAIMING MINED LAND IN ILLINOIS FOR ROW CROP PRODUCTION
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Green, B. B., REGIONAL STUDIES PROGRAM. BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF SURFACE
COAL MINE RECLAMATION, BLACK MESA AND SAN JUAN BASIN Argonne National
Laboratory, ANL/AA-10 (Aug. 1977). 53 pp. NTIS, ANL/AA-10. DOE,
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published by Siedlungsverband Ruhrkohlenbezirk (Ruhr Regional Planning
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Grigg, N. S., PRECIPITATION MANAGEMENT FOR RECLAMATION OF OVERGRAZED
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Groenewold, G. H. and Bailey, M. J., INSTABILITY OF CONTOURED STRIP MINE
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Groenewold, G. H. and Winczewski, L. M., PROBABLE CAUSES OF SURFACE
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Guccione, E. , WHY INDUSTRY CAN'T COPE WITH THE 1977 SURFACE MINING ACT
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RECLAMATION AND LAND USE PLANNING. VOL. 3D: A CASE STUDY OF SURFACE
MINING AND RECLAMATION PLANNING: AREA STRIP COAL MINING, PEABODY
UNIVERSAL MINE, UNIVERSAL, INDIANA Argonne National Laboratory,
ANL/EMR-1 (1977). 54 pp. NTIS, ANL/EMR-1(V.3D). DOE
Guernsey, L., Mausel, P., and Oliver, J., AN OVERVIEW OF THE FACTORS INVOLVED
IN THE RESTORATION OF MINED PRIME FARMLAND Indiana State University,
River Basin Research Center, Terre Haute, Report to U.S. Office of
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Guither, H. D., TAX REVENUES FROM LANDS AFFECTED BY STRIP MINING
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Gulliford, J. B., INCORPORATING ORPHANED MINE SPOIL RECLAMATION INTO THE
MINING PLAN Iowa State University, Energy and Minerals Resources
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International Congress for Energy and the Ecosystem, University of North
Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, June 13, 1978. ICP
Haigh, M. J., ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH RECLAMATION OF OLD
STRIP-MINED LAND Oklahoma Geology Notes 36_ (5), 200-202 (Oct. 1976).
CE841
Haigh, M. J., THE RETREAT OF SURFACE MINE SPOIL BANK SLOPES The
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Hannan, J. C., REHABILITATION OF MINED AREAS Australian Mining 7± (2),
34, 35, 37, 39, 42, 45 (Feb. 1978). R896
Harrell, J. W., Jr. and Saeed, M., EFFECT OF LEONARDITE ON DIFFUSION OF
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Harrison, A. P., Jr., MICROSIAL SUCCESSION AND MINERAL LEACHING IN AN
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Harthill, M. and Barth, R. C., TOPSOIL VERSUS SPOIL AS A PLANT GROWTH MEDIUM
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Hersman, L. E. and Temple, K. L., COMPARISON OF ATP, PHOSPHATASE,
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Hossner, L. R. , STRIP MINE SPOIL PRODUCES EXCELLENT CROPS IN TEXAS
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Huang, Y. H., STABILITY OF SPOIL BANKS AND HOLLOW FILLS CREATED BY
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Hutchinson, J., LAND RESTORATION IN BRITAIN—BY NATURE AND BY MAN
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ILLINOIS SURFACE-MINED LAND REGULATION AND RECLAMATION Illinois
Institute for Environmental Quality, Interim Report to the Governor of
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Jackson, D., GETTING THE JUMP ON MOTHER NATURE Coal Age 84 (4), 94-96
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Jonas, F., SOIL FORMATION ON THE RECLAIMED SPOIL BANKS IN THE NORTH
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Kelcey, J. G., WHY RECLAIM: A REAPPRAISAL OF CURRENT ATTITUDES IN GREAT
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to U.S. EPA, Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory, Cincinnati,
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Krause, R. R. , SURFACE MINED-AREA DEVELOPMENT COMMITTEE: INDUSTRY VIEWS
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pp 162-164. CE806
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LAND RESTORATION AFTER OPENCAST COAL MINING Royal School of Mines
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LAND USE: FOOD AND LIVING Proceedings of the 30th Annual Meeting,
Soil Conservation Society of America, San Antonio, Texas, Aug. 10-13,
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Lawrey, J. D., LITTER DECOMPOSITION AND TRACE METAL CYCLING STUDIES IN
HABITATS VARIOUSLY INFLUENCED BY COAL STRIP-MINING The Ohio State
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Lawrey, J. D., TRACE METAL ACCUMULATION BY PLANT SPECIES FROM A COAL
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OF INTEGRATED MINED-AREA RECLAMATION AND LAND USE PLANNING, WITH
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the Interior, Resource and Land Investigations Program, ANL/EMR-1 (Dec.
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Loy, L. D., VALLEY FILL CONSTRUCTION LandMarc 2_ (3), 9-12 (March
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Agriculture, North Central Forest Experiment Station, Forest Service
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McDonald, D. B. and Eubanks, D. E., WESTERN COAL DEVELOPMENT: THE PROBLEMS
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McGuire, J. R. , THERE'S MORE TO RECLAMATION THAN PLANTING TREES
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MULCHES HELP TURN BLEAK TO BEAUTIFUL U.S. Department of Agriculture,
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Murray, D. R., PIT SLOPE MANUAL, SUPPLEMENT 10-1 - RECLAMATION BY
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NEW DIRECTIONS IN CENTURY THREE: STRATEGIES FOR LAND AND WATER USE
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Olah, J. and Tari, T. , PROCESS FOR THE RAPID TECHNICAL AND BIOLOGICAL
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PAPERS OF THE LAND RECLAMATION CONFERENCE HELD AT THE CIVIC HALL, GRAYS,
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Power, J. F., Sandoval, F. M., and Riea, R. E., TOPSOtL-SUBSOIL REQUIREMENTS
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PROCEEDINGS FOURTH KENTUCKY COAL REFUSE DISPOSAL AND UTILIZATION SEMINAR
Pine Mountain State Park, Pineville, Kentucky, by University of
Kentucky, Pikeville College, and Harlan County Coal Operators
Association, June 6-7, 1978, J. G. Rose and R. V. De Vore, Eds.,
Institute for Mining and Minerals Research, IMMR40-RRR5-78 (Dec. 1978).
81 pp. Available, ORES Publications, College of Engineering, University
of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506 631 K3 CE844b
Manaval, D. R., OFFICE OF SURFACE MINING ABANDONED LANDS RECLAMATION
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Vogel, W. G., REVEGETATION RESEARCH ON SURFACE-MINED LAND IN EASTERN
KENTUCKY pp 5-15.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONFERENCE ON FORESTATION OF DISTURBED SURFACE AREAS
Birmingham, Alabama, by U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service,
Southeastern Area State and Private Forestry, and International Forest
Seed Company, April 14-15, 1976. 76 pp. CE798
May, J. T., COMPLEXITIES OF RECLAMATION pp 3-11.
Lyle, E. S., Jr., GRASS, LEGUME & TREE ESTABLISHMENT ON ALABAMA COAL
SURFACE MINES pp 12-19.
163
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PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONFERENCE ON FORESTATION OF DISTURBED SURFACE AREAS
(continued)
Plass, W. T., DIRECT SEEDING OF TREES & SHRUBS ON SURFACE-MINED LANDS IN
WEST VIRGINIA pp 32-42.
Balmer, W. E., USE OF CONTAINERIZED SEEDLINGS ON DISTURBED SURFACE AREAS
pp 43-46.
Marx, D. H., USE OF SPECIFIC MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI ON TREE ROOTS FOR
FORESTATION OF DISTURBED LANDS pp 47-65.
Murphy, H. E. and Bace, A. C., Jr., POTENTIALS IN THE USE OF SPOIL BANKS
pp 66-68.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIRST ANNUAL MEETING CANADIAN LAND RECLAMATION
ASSOCIATION Canadian Land Reclamation Association, Guelph, Ontario,
Canada, Nov. 1976. 36 pp. CE311
PROCEEDINGS OF THE SECOND U.S.-POLISH SYMPOSIUM: COAL SURFACE MINING
AND POWER PRODUCTION IN THE FACE OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
REQUIREMENTS Castle Ksiaz, Poland, by U.S. EPA and POLTEGOR, Sept.
26-28, 1979, J. Libicki, Ed., Wroclaw, Poland, Report No.
EPA-600/7-79-159 (Oct. 1979). 292 pp. EPA
Hill, R. D., OVERVIEW OF THE UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
PROGRAM RELATED TO COAL EXTRACTION CONVERSION THROUGH THE YEAR 2000
pp 1-10.
Witek, W., PRESENT AND FUTURE ROLE OF LIGNITE IN POLISH POWER PRODUCTION
AND BASIC PROBLEMS OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION pp 11-18.
Kraus, R., LEGISLATION, LAWS AND REGULATIONS CONTROLLING THE SURFACE
MINING OF LIGNITE AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION IN POLAND pp 33-42.
Loy, L. D., Jr., PRESENT AND FUTURE SURFACE COAL EXTRACTION TECHNOLOGIES
IN THE UNITED STATES pp 53-81.
Turaja, H. and Wysocki, W., SURFACE MINING OF LIGNITE WITH BELT
CONVEYORS AND ITS ENVIRONMENTAL ADVANTAGES pp 83-102.
Bauntan, K., EFFORTS OF AGRICULTURAL RECLAMATION OF TOXIC SPOILS IN
LIGNITE SURFACE MINING IN POLAND pp 221-239.
McPhilliamy, S. M., ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES OF COAL MINING - EASTERN
UNITED STATES pp 241-253.
CurtlB, W. R., SUCCESSFUL REVEGETATION OF COAL-MINED LANDS IN THE UNITED
STATES pp 207-220.
164
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PROCEEDINGS, SYMPOSIUM ON SURFACE MINING HYDROLOGY, SEDIMENTOLOGY, AND
RECLAMATION Lexington Kentucky, by University of Kentucky and
Institute for Mining and Minerals Research, Dec. 4-7, 1979, S. B.
Carpenter, Ed., University of Kentucky, Office of Engineering Services,
UKY BU119 (Dec. 1979). 353 pp. 631 K961, CE853
Koon, D. L., VEGETATIVE RESPONSES OF GRASSES AND LEGUMES PLANTED UNDER
DIFFERING RATES OF SOIL AMENDING MULCHES ON KENTUCKY SURFACE MINES
PP 1-5.
Blueyes, J. , DETERMINING IRRIGATION SCHEDULES FOR MINE SOILS pp 7-10.
Ringe, J. M. and Wittwer, R. F., EFFECTS OF BARK MULCH AND FERTILIZATION
ON GRASS-LEGUME ESTABLISHMENT AND DRY MATTER PRODUCTION ON EASTERN
KENTUCKY SURFACE MINE SPOIL pp 11-15.
Miller, R. C., Skinner, Q. D., and Hasfurther, V. R., SOIL MOISTURE
RELATIONSHIPS IN A WESTERN ALLUVIAL VALLEY FLOOR pp 17-21.
Albers, D. J. and Carpenter, S. B., INFLUENCE OF SITE, ENVIRONMENTAL
CONDITIONS, MULCHING, AND HERBACEOUS GROUND COVER ON SURVIVAL,
GROWTH, AND WATER RELATIONS OF EUROPEAN ALDER SEEDLINGS PLANTED ON
SURFACE MINE SPOIL pp 23-32.
Nieman, T. J. and Duff, K., COMPUTER AIDED LAND USE PLANNING FOR POST
OPERATIVE USES OF SURFACE MINED LAND pp 111-117.
Barnhisel, R. I. and Wilrahoff, G., CHARACTERIZATION OF SOIL PROPERTIES
OF RECONSTRUCTED PRIME AND NON-PRIME LAND IN WESTERN KENTUCKY pp
119-122.
Scott, M. D., RECLAMATION COSTS FOR PRIME FARMLAND AND ALLUVIAL
VALLEYS—A COMPUTERIZED ANALYSIS pp 123-127.
Gronhovd, D. E., COMPARISON OF RECLAMATION COSTS UNDER THE NORTH DAKOTA
AND FEDERAL 1977 RECLAMATION LAWS pp 129-138.
Rogowski, A. S. and Welnrich, B. E., SIMULATING A LONG-TERM RESPONSE OF
RECLAIMED AREA TO PERCOLATION pp 153-160.
Lehrech, G. A., ESTIMATING INFILTRATION INTO RECLAIMED LAND pp 169-174.
Henry, D. S., Kuenstler, W. F. and Sanders, S. A., AN EVALUATION OF
ESTABLISHMENT METHODS USING VARIOUS FORAGE PLANTS ON SURFACE MINED LAND
IN KENTUCKY pp 203-207.
Tackett, E. M. and Graves, D. H., DIRECT-SEEDING OF COMMERCIAL TREES ON
SURFACE-MINE SPOIL pp 209-212.
Carlson, E. W., EFFECTS OF HERBACEOUS VEGETATION ON THE SURVIVAL AND
GROWTH OF HARDWOOD TREE SEEDLINGS pp 213-220.
165
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PROCEEDINGS, SYMPOSIUM ON SURFACE MINING HYDROLOGY, SEDIMENTOLOGY, AND
RECLAMATION (continued)
Carpenter, S. B. and Eigel, R. A., RECLAIMING SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN
SURFACE MINES WITH BLACK LOCUST FUEL PLANTATIONS pp 221-227.
Klein, D. A., Hersman, L. E., and Sorensen, D. L., REVEGETATION EFFECTS
ON SURFACE SOIL MICROBIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS pp 229-233.
Perrier, E. R. and Patin, T. R., THE USE OF DREDGED MATERIAL FOR
RECLAMATION OF AREA STRIP-MINES pp 271-283.
Gavande, S. A., Holland, W. F., Grimshaw, T. W., and Wilson, M. L.,
OVERBURDEN MANAGEMENT AND REVEGETATION IN THE GULF COAST LIGNITE REGION:
PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS pp 293-303.
Schafer, W. M., COVER-SOIL MANAGEMENT IN WESTERN SURFACE-MINE
RECLAMATION pp 305-310.
PROPOSED MINING AND RECLAMATION PLAN: COAL CREEK MINE, CAMPBELL COUNTY,
WYOMING U.S. Geological Survey, Final Environmental Statement on
Federal Coal Lease W-3446, 1979. 178 pp.+ 631 U29wy, R1019
Prouty, D., BELLE AYR MINE ASPIRES TO 15 MILLION TONS IN 1977 Coal
Mining & Processing 14 (4), 94-98 (April 1977). Jour
Rafaill, B. L. and Vogel, W. G., A GUIDE FOR VEGETATING SURFACE-MINED LANDS
FOR WILDLIFE IN EASTERN KENTUCKY AND WEST VIRGINIA prepared by U.S.
Department of Agriculture, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station,
Berea, Kentucky, for U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife
Service, Office of Biological Services, Report No. FWS/OBS-78/84 (July
1978). 89 pp. US DOI, CE790
Ralston, D. S. and Wiram, V. P., THE NEED FOR SELECTIVE PLACEMENT OF
OVERBURDEN AND EQUIPMENT CONSIDERATIONS Mining Congress Journal 64 (1),
18-24 (Jan, 1978). Jour
Randall, A., Grunewald, 0., Johnson, S., Ausnees, R., and Pagoulatos, A.,
RECLAIMING COAL SURFACE MINES IN CENTRAL APPALACHIA: A CASE STUDY OF
THE BENEFITS AND COSTS Land Economics 54_ (4), 472-489 (Nov. 1978).
CE723
RECLAMATION FOR WILDLIFE HABITAT Proceedings, Reclamation Workshop II,
Fort Collins, Colorado, by ERT, Ecology Consultants, Inc., Sept. 19-20,
1977. 170 pp. CE768 CE768
Streeter, R., WILDLIFE AND WESTERN MINING: WHERE DO OUR PRIORITIES HE
pp 1-8.
Strickland, D., AN OVERVIEW OF MINING AND ITS IMPACT ON WILDLIFE IN
WYOMING pp 9-27.
166
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RECLAMATION FOR WILDLIFE HABITAT (continued)
Ludwig, A. and Martin, S., THE IMPORTANCE OF NON-GAME WILDLIFE IN MINED
LAND RECLAMATION pp 40-45.
Joseph, T. W., THE IMPORTANCE OF A LAKE'S LITTORAL ZONE AND ITS
RELATIONSHIP TO MINE POND RECLAMATION pp 50-63.
Kerr, R., IDEAS ABOUT RECLAIMING WESTERN MINED LANDS FOR WILDLIFE
pp 69-73.
Shinn, R. and Terrel, T., PROBLEMS OF RECLAIMING FOR WILDLIFE ON PRIVATE
LANDS pp 74-85.
Deland, M. and Reeves, P., IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SURFACE MINING CONTROL
AND RECLAMATION ACT OF 1977 pp 86-112.
Frischknecht, N. C., USE OF SHRUBS FOR MINED LAND RECLAMATION AND
WILDLIFE HABITAT pp 113-129.
Russell, K. R. , CHOOSING AMONG RECLAMATION ALTERNATIVES pp 130-136.
Stranathan, S. and Bruggetnan, L., DEVELOPING PLANTS COMPATIBLE TO
WILDLIFE AND REVEGETATION pp 148-153.
Bookhout, T., LESSONS FROM MID-APPALACHIA STRIP MINE RECLAMATION EFFORTS
pp 154-166.
Kling, C. L., RECLAMATION PLANNING FOR WILDLIFE PRIOR TO MINING
pp 167-176.
RECLAMATION IN NOVA SCOTIA Western Miner 50 (11), 37 (Nov. 1977).
CE751
RECLAMATION LANDSCAPING WITH DRIP IRRIGATION Mine and Quarry 7 (4),
38, 40, 43, 45 (April 1978). Jour
RECLAMATION OF DISTURBED ARID LANDS, THE Contribution of the Committee
on Desert and Arid Zones Research of the Southwestern and Rocky Mountain
Division of the American Association for the Advancement of Science,
Denver, Colorado, Feb. 23-24, 1977, R. A. Wright, Ed., Albuquerque:
University of New Mexico Press, 1978. 196 pp. 631 W95
Bjugstad, A. J., REESTABLISHMENT OF WOODY PLANTS ON MINE SPOILS AND
MANAGEMENT OF MINE WATER IMPOUNDMENTS: AN OVERVIEW OF FOREST SERVICE
RESEARCH ON THE NORTHERN HIGH PLAINS pp 3-12.
Power, J. F., Sandoval, F. M., and Ries, R. E., RESTORATION OF
PRODUCTIVITY TO DISTURBED LAND IN THE NORTHERN GREAT PLAINS pp 33-49.
LaFevers, J. R., ECONOMICS OF MINED LAND RECLAMATION AND LAND-USE
PLANNING IN WESTERN STATES pp 68-71.
167
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RECLAMATION OF DISTURBED ARID LANDS, THE (continued)
Hodder, R. L., POTENTIALS AND PREDICTIONS CONCERNING RECLAMATION OF
S04IARID MINED LANDS pp 149-154.
Monsen, S. B. and Plumtner, A. P., PLANTS AND TREATMENT FOR REVEGETATION
OF DISTURBED SITES IN THE INTEKMOUNTAIN AREA pp 155-173.
Aldon, E. F., ENDOMYCORRHIZAE ENHANCE SHRUB GROWTH AND SURVIVAL ON MINE
SPOILS pp 174-179.
Smith, R. £. and Woolhiser, D. A., SOME APPLICATIONS OF HYDROLOGIC
SIMULATION MODELS FOR DESIGN OF SURFACE MINE TOPOGRAPHY pp 189-196.
RECLAMATION OF DRASTICALLY DISTURBED LANDS Proceedings of a Symposium
held at the Ohio Agricultural Research i Experiment Station, Wooster,
Ohio, by the American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of
America, Soil Science Society of America, American Society of
Agricultural Engineers, Society of American Foresters, Society for Range
Management, Soil Conservation Society of America, The Institute of
Ecology, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the Ohio Agricultural
Research & Development Center, Aug. 9-12, 1976, F. W. Schaller and P.
Button, Eds., Madison, Wisconsin: 1978. 742 pp. 631 S29, CE527
Thirgood, J. V., EXTENT OF DISTURBED LAND AND MAJOR RECLAMATION PROBLEMS
IN CANADA pp 45-68.
Holmberg, G. V., Horvath, W. J., and LaFevera, J. R., CITIZENS' ROLE IN
LAND DISTURBANCE AND RECLAMATION pp 69-94.
Bowling, K. C., HISTORY OF LEGISLATION FOR DIFFERENT STATES pp 95-116.
Grandt, A. F., INDUSTRY'S VIEWPOINT OF LEGISLATION AFFECTING
SURFACE-MINED COAL LANDS pp 117-128.
Smith, R. M. and Sobek, A. A., PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF
OVERBURDENS, SPOILS, WASTES, AND NEW SOILS pp 149-172.
Gardner, H. R. and Woolhiser, D. A., HYDROLOGIC AND CLIMATIC FACTORS
pp 173-191.
Randall, A., Johnson, S., and Pagoulatoa, A., ENVIRONMENTAL AND
AESTHETIC CONSIDERATIONS IN SURFACE MINING POLICY pp 193-204,
Riddle, J. H. and Saperetein, L. W., PREMINING PLANNING TO MAXIMIZE
EFFECTIVE LAND USE AND RECLAMATION pp 223-240.
Ramani, R. V. and Grim, E. C., SURFACE MIN1NG-A REVIEW OF PRACTICES AND
PROGRESS IN LAND DISTURBANCE CONTROL pp 241-270.
Glover, F., Augustine, M., and Clar, M., GRADING AND SHAPING FOR EROSION
CONTROL AND RAPID VEGETATIVE ESTABLISHMENT IN HUMID REGIONS pp 271-283.
168
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RECLAMATION OP DRASTICALLY DISTURBED LANDS (continued)
Bennet, 0. L., Ma Chias, E. L., Armiger, W. H., and Jones, J. N., Jr.,
PLANT MATERIALS AND THEIR REQUIREMENTS FOR GROWTH IN HUMID REGIONS
pp 285-306.
Mays, D. A. and Bengston, G. W., LIME AND FERTILIZER USE IN LAND
RECLAMATION IN HUMID REGIONS pp 307-328.
Plass, W. T., USE OF MULCHES AND SOIL STABILIZERS FOR LAND RECLAMATION
IN THE EASTERN UNITED STATES pp 329-337.
Capp, J. P., POWER PLANT FLY ASH UTILIZATION FOR LAND RECLAMATION IN THE
EASTERN UNITED STATES pp 339-353.
Halderson, J. L. and Zenz, D. R., USE OF MUNICIPAL SEWAGE SLUDGE IN
RECLAMATION OF SOILS pp 355-377.
Vogel, W. G. and Curtis, W. R., RECLAMATION RESEARCH ON COAL
SURFACE-MINED LANDS IN THE HUMID EAST pp 379-397.
Venaa, T. R. and Thames, J. L., GRADING AND SHAPING FOR EROSION CONTROL
AND VEGETATIVE ESTABLISHMENT IN DRY REGIONS pp 399-409.
Packer, P. E. and Aldon, E. F., REVEGETATION TECHNIQUES FOR DRY REGIONS
pp 425-450.
Bauer, A., Berg, W. A., and Gould, W. L., CORRECTION OF NUTRIENT
DEFICIENCIES AND TOXICITIES IN STRIP-MINED LANDS IN SEMIARID AND ARID
REGIONS pp 451-466.
Sandoval, F. M. and Gould, W. L., IMPROVEMENT OF SALINE- AND
SODIUM-AFFECTED DISTURBED LANDS pp 485-504.
Ries, R. E. and Day, A. D., USE OF IRRIGATION IN RECLAMATION IN DRY
REGIONS pp 505-520.
Power, J. F., RECLAMATION RESEARCH ON STRIP-MINED LANDS IN DRY REGIONS
pp 521-535.
Thirgood, J. V. and Ziemkiewicz, P. F., RECLAMATION OF COAL
SURFACE-MINED LAND IN WESTERN CANADA pp 537-552.
Berg, W. A., LIMITATIONS IN THE. USE OF SOIL TESTS ON DRASTICALLY
DISTURBED LANDS pp 653-664.
Gee, G. W., Bauer, A., and Decker, R. S., PHYSICAL ANALYSES OF OVERBURDEN
MATERIALS AND MINE LAND SOILS pp 665-686.
Hill, R. D., METHODS FOR CONTROLLING POLLUTANTS pp 687-704.
169
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RECLAMATION OF DRASTICALLY DISTURBED LANDS (continued)
Cox, T. L. and Witter, S. G., APPLICATIONS OF REMOTE SENSING TECHNOLOGY
TO DISTURBED LANDS pp 705-727.
RECLAMATION RESEARCH AT GLENHAROLD MINE Coal Age 80 (2), 116 (Feb.
1975). Jour, R806
Reeder, J. D. and Berg, W. A., NITROGEN MINERALIZATION AND NITRIFICATION IN
A CRETACEOUS SHALE AND COAL MINE SPOILS Soil Science Society of
America Journal 41^ (5), 922-927 (1977). CE805a
Reeder, J. D. and Berg, W. A., PLANT UPTAKE OF INDIGENOUS AND FERTILIZER
NITROGEN FROM A CRETACEOUS SHALE AND COAL MINE SPOILS Soil Science
Society of America Journal 41_ (5), 919-921 (1977). CE805
RESEARCH AND DEMONSTRATION OF IMPROVED SURFACE MINING TECHNIQUES IN
EASTERN KENTUCKY. SURFACE MINE POLLUTION ABATEMENT AND LAND USE IMPACT
INVESTIGATION: VOLUME III. WATERSHED RANKING, SELECTION OF THE STUDY
AREA, ANALYSIS OF THE STUDY AREA Eastern Kentucky University, Report
to Appalachian Regional Commission and Kentucky Department for Natural
Resources and Environmental Protection, ARC 71-66-T2 (undated, published
1975). 238 pp. CE540
Ries, R. E., Sandoval, F. M., and Power, J. F., RECLAMATION OF DISTURBED
LANDS IN THE LIGNITE AREA OF THE NORTHERN PLAINS in "Technology and
Use of Lignite," Proceedings of a Symposium, Grand Forks, North Dakota,
by U.S. Energy Research and Development Administration, and the
University of North Dakota, May 18-19, 1977, G. H. Gronhovd and W. R.
Kube, Eds., GFERC/IC-77/1 (1977). pp 309-327. 662.6 L725 1977
RIPPING OVERBURDEN PAYS OFF Coal Mining & Processing j_5 (6), 86-87
(June 1978). Jour
Rogowski, A. S., DEVELOPMENT OF EROSION PAVEMENT ON STRIP MINE SPOILS
American Society of Agricultural Engineers Winter Meeting, New Orleans,
Louisiana, Dec. 11-14, 1979. Paper No. 79-2538. (15 pp.) ASAE
Rowe, J. E., AN INVENTORY OF UNIQUE USES FOR RECLAIMED STRIP MINED LAND
IN THE APPALACHIAN REGION University of Tennessee, Appalachian
Resources Project, ARP Publication No. 33 (undated, issued March 1975).
CE407a
Safaya, N. M., DELINEATION OF MINERAL STRESSES IN MINE SPOILS AND
SCREENING PLANTS FOR ADAPTABILITY in "Ecology and Coal Resource
Development," M. K. Wall, Ed., New York: Pergamon Press, Inc., 1979.
pp 830-849. CE756
Samuel, D. E., STUDY MEASURES SURFACE MINING'S IMPACT ON WILDLIFE
Green Lands 6 (2), 46-48 (Spring 1976). Jour, R1024
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Saperetein, L. W., THE TOTAL POTENTIAL FOR RECLAMATION OR REDEVELOPMENT
OF OPEN-PIT MINES AIME Environmental Quality Conference for the
Extractive Industries, Washington, D.C., June 7-9, 1971. Paper No. EQC
51. CE115
Sawarynski, T. J., STEEP SLOPE MINING AND THE SURFACE MINING CONTROL AND
RECLAMATION ACT OF 1977 Mining Congress Journal 6£ (9), 233-236, 242
(Sept. 1978). Jour
Scanlon, D. H., Duggan, C., and Bean, S. D. EVALUATION OF MUNICIPAL COMPOST
FOR STRIP MINE RECLAMATION Compost Science _U (3), 4-8 (May-June
1973). CE845
Schafer, W. M., GUIDES FOR ESTIMATING COVER-SOIL QUALITY AND MINE SOIL
CAPABILITY FOR USE IN COAL STRIPMINE RECLAMATION IN THE WESTERN UNITED
STATES Reclamation Review 2_ (2), 67-74 (1979). Jour
Schuhart, A. , SURFACE MINE RECLAMATION THE WESTERN WAY Soil
Conservation 43 (10), 11-18 (May 1978). CE840
Schumsn, G. E. and Howard, G. S., ARTEMISIA VULGARIS L.: AN ORNAMENTAL
PLANT FOR DISTURBED LAND RECLAMATION Journal of Range Management 3_1^
(5), 392-393 (Sept. 1978). R960
Schuroan, G. E. and Taylor, E. M., Jr., USE OF MINE SPOIL MATERIAL TO IMPROVE
THE TOPSOIL University of Wyoming, Agricultural Experiment Station,
Research Journal 130 (1978). 11 pp. R961
Sindelar, B. W., ESTABLISHMENT, SUCCESSION, AND STABILITY OF VEGETATION
ON SURFACE MINED LANDS IN EASTERN MONTANA Montana State University,
Annual Progress Report, June 1, 1975 - Feb. 29, 1976, RLO-228-T3-2
(March 1976). CE691
Sindelar, B. W., Hodder, R. L., and Majerua, M. E. , SURFACE MINED LAND
RECLAMATION RESEARCH IN MONTANA Montana State University, Agricultural
Experiment Station, Research Report 40, Progress Report 1972-1973 (April
1973). 122 pp. CE770
Sindelar, B. W. and Plantenberg, P. L., ESTABLISHMENT, SUCCESSION, AND
STABILITY OF VEGETATION ON SURJFACE MINED LANDS IN EASTERN MONTANA
Montana State University, Agricultural Experiment Station, Annual
Progress Report March 1, 1977 - Feb. 29, 1978 to U.S. Department of
Energy, Contract No. EY-76-S-2228 #3 (July 1978). 211 pp. NTIS,
RLO-2228-T3-5. Mont
Sly, G. R., SMALL MAMMAL SUCCESSION ON STRIP-MINED LAND IN VIGO COUNTY,
INDIANA The American Midland Naturalist 95 (2), 257-267 (April 1976).
CE802
Smith, R. M. and Freeman, J. R., UPDATE OK OVERBURDEN CHARACTERISTICS
Mining Congress Journal 64 (3), 27-31 (March 1978). Jour
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Smith, R. M.» Sobek, A. A., Arkle, T., Jr., Sencindiver, J. C., and Freeman,
J. R., EXTENSIVE OVERBURDEN POTENTIALS FOR SOIL AND WATER QUALITY Wait
Virginia University, College of Agriculture and Forestry, Division of
Plant Science, Report to U.S. EPA, Industrial Environmental Research
Laboratory, Cincinnati, Ohio, prepared in cooperation with West Virginia
Geological and Economic Survey, Environmental Protection Technology
Series EPA-600/2-76-184 (Aug. 1976). 311 pp. EPA, CE74
Smith, W. B., A BWE AND SHIFTABLE CONVEYOR SYSTEM AT WORK IN WASHINGTON
Mining Engineering 3_1_ (7), 796, 798, 801 (July 1979). Jour
Sobek, A- A., Schuller, W. A., Freeman, J. R., and Smith, R. M,, FIELD AND
LABORATORY METHODS APPLICABLE TO OVERBURDENS AND MINESOILS West
Virginia University, College of Agriculture and Forestry, in cooperation
with the West Virginia Geological and Economic Survey, Report lo U.S.
EPA, Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory, Cincinnati, Ohio,
Environmental Protection Technology Series EPA-600/2-78-054 (March
1978). 204 pp. NTIS, PB-280 495/3WN. EPA, CE616
Sopper, W., NEW METHOD OF SPOIL BANK RECLAMATION? Reprint from
Pennsylvania Game News (Feb. 1971). 2 pp. R980
Sowa, E. A. and Davidson, W. H., A NEW COVER CROP FOR SPOIL BANKS
Reprinted from Pennsylvania Farmer 194 (1) (Jan. 10, 1976). 1 pp.
CE709
Spisz, E. W., APPLICATION OF MULTISPECTRAL SCANNER DATA TO THE STUDY OF
AN ABANDONED SURFACE COAL MINE National Aeronautics and Space
Administration, Lewis Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio, NASA-TM-78912
(Nov. 1978). 80 pp. NTIS, N79-13472/2WN. FICHE, CE188
Striffler, W. D. and May, R. F., FOREST RESTORATION OF STRIP-MINED AREAS
Reprinted from Proceedings, Society of American Foresters, Detroit,
Michigan, 1965. pp 105-108. CE781
STRIP MINE REHABILITATION: THE AMERICAN APPROACH South African Mining
and Engineering Journal 89_ (4137), 41, 43, 45 (Feb. 1978). R954
STRIP MINED AREA RECLAMATION AND RECREATION CENTER DEVELOPMENT, '
LACKAWANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA U.S. Bureau of Mines, Final
Environmental Impact Statement, FES 72-18 (June 1972). 137 pp. NTIS,
EIS-PA-72-4756-F. R999
STRIP MINING AND THE FLOODING IN APPALACHIA Hearings before U.S. House
of Representatives, Couaittee on Government Operations, Subcommittee on
Environment, Energy, and Natural Resources, 95th Congress, 1st Session,
July 26, 1977. 108 pp. Hearings, CE256
STRIP MINING IN NOVA SCOTIA Western Miner 50 (8), 32,34 (Aug. 1977).
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Montana Department of Natural Resources and Conservation, June 1975.
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SUGGESTED GUIDELINES FOR METHOD OF OPERATION IN SURFACE MINING OF AREAS
WITH POTENTIALLY ACID-PRODUCING MATERIALS: DEVELOPED BY SURFACE MINE
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SUNDECO'S NEW CORDERO FACILITIES INTEGRATE STRIP MINING AND RECLAMATION
Coal Mining & Processing 14 (7), 46-47 (July 1977). Jour, CE283
SURFACE MINE RECLAMATION AND LAND USE PLANNING Proceedings of a
Symposium, Lee'a College, Jackson., Kentucky, by Scientists and Engineers
for Appalachla, October 26-27, 1973. 125 pp. CE767 CE767 a-h
Montgomery, H. B., LAND USE PLANNING OF SURFACE-MINED LAND pp 1-22.
Ratliff, K. and Hayes, W., CURRENT RECLAMATION POLICIES AND PRACTICES IN
KENTUCKY pp 23-29.
Curtis, W., PREVIOUS RESEARCH ON RECLAIMED SURFACE MINED AREAS IN
APPALACHIA pp 30-38.
Pitts, T., SURFACE MINE RECLAMATION IN EAST TENNESSEE pp 39-50.
Jackson, J. L., CURRENT RECLAMATION ON PRACTICES IN EASTERN KENTUCKY
pp 51-68.
Moore, J. R. and Schmidt-Bleek, F. K., STRIP MINING AND THE THREE E'S
pp 69-84.
Spore, R. L., OPPORTUNITY COSTS ASSOCIATED WITH COAL PRODUCTION pp
85-93.
Luigart, F. W., Jr., EFFECTS OF THE MINING INDUSTRY ON AREA ECONOMICS
PRESENT AND FUTURE pp 94-121.
Sweeney, L. R., SURFACE MINING RECLAMATION IN APPALACHIA: IMPACT OF THE
1977 SURFACE MINING CONTROL AND RECLAMATION ACT Journal of Soil and
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TVA PLANS TO RECLAIM ORPHAN BANKS Coal Age 83_ (5), 15 (May 1978).
Jour
Tasker, A. and Chadwick, M. J., THE MICRODISTRIBUTION OF AGROSTIS TENUIS ON
COLLIERY SPOIL IN RELATION TO SPOIL CHEMICAL VARIABILITY Journal of
Applied Ecology _15_ (2), 551-563 (1978). R1034
Teague, R. N., SURFACE MINE RECLAMATION Outdoor Indiana 37 (8), 26-29
(Oct. 1972). R913
173
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Thirgood, J. V., THE PLANNED RECLAMATION OF MINED LANDS Western Miner
A3 (6), 22-30 (1970). CE60
TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL MEETING OF KENTUCKY MINING INSTITUTE THEMES:
RESEARCH, RECLAMATION, TRANSPORTATION, MINING METHODS Coal Age 67
(11), 112-113 (Nov. 1962). Jour, CE82
Vogel, W. G., REVEGETATION OF SURFACE-MINED LANDS IN THE EAST
Reprinted from Proceedings, Society of American Foresters, 1977.
pp 167-172. CE710
Vogel, W. G. and Berg, W. A., GRASSES AND LEGUMES FOR COVER ON ACID
STRIP-MINE SPOILS Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 23 (3), 89-91
(May-June 1968). CE711
Wagner, W. L., Martin, W. C., and Aldon, E. F. NATURAL SUCCESSION ON
STRIP-MINED LANDS IN NORTHWESTERN NEW MEXICO Reclamation Review 1 (2),
67-73 (1978). Jour, R969
Ward, M., REHABILITATION OF OPEN CAST COAL MINES New Zealand Institute
of Mining Inc., Hamilton, New Zealand, 5th Mining Seminar, Oct. 1977.
Paper No. ICTIS-M-0056. 9 pp. FICHE, CE720
Wiebmer, J. D., LIGNITE AND NORTH DAKOTA: A CAUTIOUS RESPONSE TO
ACCELERATED MINING DEMANDS Mining Engineering £9 <8)t 24-35 (Aug.
1977). Jour
Williams, G. P., Jr., WOOD CHIPS FOR DUST CONTROL ON SURFACE-MINE HAUL
ROADS U.S. Department of Agriculture, Northeastern Forest Experiment
Station, Forest Service Reserach Note NE-277 (1979). 16 pp. USDA,
CE783
Wiseman, T., HITTING PAY DIRT WITH PINE SEEDS: STRIP MINES REFORESTED
Mining Congress Journal 64 (12), 59-60 (Dec. 1978). Jour, R976
Wittwer, R. F., Graves, D. H., and Carpenter, S. B., ESTABLISHING OAKS AND
VIRGINIA PINE ON APPALACHIAN SURFACE MINE SPOILS BY DIRECT SEEDING
Reclamation Review 2, (2), 63-66 (1979). Jour
Yrjanainen, G., SEDIMENT BASIN DESIGN Water & Sewage Works 122 (7),
82-84 (July 1975). R935
Zarger, T. G., Maddox, J. B., Starnes, L. B., and Seawell, W. M., ECOLOGICAL
RECOVERY AFTER RECLAMATION OF TOXIC SPOILS LEFT BY COAL SURFACE MINING,
PHASE I - A BASELINE ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS PRIOR TO
APPLICATION OF INTENSIVE REMEDIAL TREATMENTS Tennessee Valley
Authority, Interagency Energy-Environment Research and Development
Program Report to U.S. EPA, Industrial Environmental Research
Laboratory, Cincinnati, Ohio, EPA-600/7-79-209 (Oct. 1979). 89 pp.
EPA, CE850
174
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Ziemkiewicz, P. F. and Northway, S. M., TECHNICAL NOTE: A SPECIES SELECTION
TECHNIQUE FOR RECLAMATION IN BRITISH COLUMBIA Reclamation Review J_
(3/4), 163-166 (1978). Jour
175
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APPENDIX B
COAL AND THE ENVIRONMENT ABSTRACT SERIES:
A BIBLIOGRAPHY ON DISPOSAL OF REFUSE
FROM COAL MINES AND COAL CLEANING PLANTS
Abbott, D. and Bacon, G. E., RECLAMATIOK OF COAL MINE WASTES IN NEW
BRUNSWICK CIM Bulletin 7£ (781), 112-119 (1977). CE694
Atkinson, J. R-, Laurie, I. C., and Clay, A. J. M., THE AFFORESTATION OF PIT
HEAPS IN COUNTY DURHAM Planning Outlook, The Journal of the School of
Town and Country Planning, King's College, University of Durham A, (3),
45-52 (1957). J- S. Allen, Ed., London: The Oxford University Press.
CE763c
Ayerst, J. M., EFFECT OF COMPACTION OF COAL SHALE ON THE REVEGETATION OF
SPOIL HEAPS Reclamation Review^ (1), 27-30 (March 1978). Jour, R985a
Bates, A., THE REHABILITATION OF MINE AND INDUSTRIAL WASTE HEAPS
Planning Outlook, The Journal of the School of Town and Country
Planning, King's College, University of Durham 4 (3), 59-64 (1957). J.
S. Allen, Ed-, London: The Oxford University pFess. CE763e
Berg, W. A., ALUMINUM AND MANGANESE TOXICITIES IN ACID COAL MINE WASTES
in "Environmental Management of Mineral Wastes," G. T. Goodman and M. J.
Chadwick, Eds., Alphen aan den Rijn, The Netherlands: Sijthoff &
Noordhoff, 1978. pp 141-150. R1001
Bland, A. E., Robl, T. L., and Rose, J. G., EVALUATION OF INTERSEAM AND COAL
CLEANING EFFECTS ON THE CHEMICAL VARIABILITY OF PAST AND PRESENT
KENTUCKY COAL REFUSE Transactions AIME 262_ (4), 331-334 (Dec. 1977).
Trans. AIME
Buttennore, W. H., Sintcoe, E. J., and Maloy, M. A., CHARACTERIZATION OF COAL
REFUSE West Virginia University, Coal Research Bureau, Report No. 159
(undated). 137 pp. CE685
Chadwick, M. J. and Hardiman, K. M., VEGETATING COLLIERY SPOIL in Land
Reclamation Conference, Grays, Essex, U.K., Oct. 5-7, 1976. pp 421-441.
in "Papers of the Land Reclamation Conference Held at the Civic Hall,
Grays, Essex, England," J. Essex and P« Hlggina, Eds., Thurrock Borough
Council, Grays, Essex, England, 1976- PP 421-441. 631 T542
Chen, C. Y., INVESTIGATION AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF THE GEOTECKN1CAL
PROPERTIES OF COAL MINE REFUSE University of Pittsburgh, Ph.D. Thesis,
1976. 196 pp. University Microfilms No. BNJ77-02993. Fichc, CE327
COAL MINING FIRM GETS SET TO PRODUCE ALUMINUM Steel 146, 54 (June 6,
1960). D209
176
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Cobb, J. C., Masters, J. M., Treworgy, C. G., and Halfinstine, R. J.,
ABUNDANCE AND RECOVERY OF SPHALERITE AND FINE COAL FROM MINE WASTE IN
ILLINOIS Illinois State Geological Survey, Illinois Minerals Note 71
(March 1979). 11 pp. D93
COLLIERY SHALE AS A ROADMAKING MATERIAL Ministry of Transport, Road
Research Laboratory, Crowthorne, Berkshire, Great Britain, Leaflet LF
154, C.E.F.31 (Feb. 1970). 2 pp. CE818
COLLIERY SHALE IMPORTED FOR M.18 THORNE BY-PASS EMBANKMENT Contract
Journal, June 29, 1972. pp 22-23. CE821
COLLIERY SHALES Great Britain, National Coal Board (undated). 12 pp.
CE820
Collins, R. J. and Miller, R. H., AVAILABILITY OF MINING WASTES AND THEIR
POTENTIAL FOR USE AS HIGHWAY MATERIAL - EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Valley Forge
Laboratories, Inc., Report to U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal
Highway Administration, FHWA-RD-78-28 (Sept. 1977). 40 pp. NTIS,
PB-287 511/OWP 631 C71, CE285a
Cope, E., THE PROGRESS OF MECHANISED PACKING IN NORTH STAFFORDSHIRE
Colliery Guardian 19± (4934), 351-354 (Sept. 22, 1955). D204
Dick, J. B., Gutt, W., and Collins, R. J., BUILDING RESEARCH ESTABLISHMENT:
SOME WORK IN PROGRESS: MINERALOGY OF COLLIERY SPOIL AND ITS UTILISATION
Chemistry and Industry, April 17, 1976. pp 339-341. CE589
Downie, W., USE OF UNBURNT COLLIERY SHALE AS FILLING MATERIAL IN
EMBANKMENTS Ministry of Transport, Engineering Intelligence Division,
Great Britain, Technical Memo. T4/68, E.Int.4/7/01 (Sept. 5, 1968).
2 pp. CE819
Dronen, S. I. and Pendleton, C. S., STABILIZING A COAL REFUSE PILE Soil
Conservation 4^ (11), 20-21 (June 1978). CE837
Dunn, R. B., MINING WASTE Mining Technology 60 (694), 319-327 (Aug.
1978). D248
Everett, R. H. and Hodgkinson, N., DENSE AGGREGATE FROM COLLIERY WASTE (to
Coal Industry Patents, Ltd.), British Patent 1,526,145 (Sept. 27, 1978).
6 pp. Brit Pat, CE759
Ewing, R. A., Cornaby, B. W., Van Voris, P., Zuck, J. C., Raines, G. E., and
Min, S., CRITERIA FOR ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS FROM COAL
CLEANING PROCESSES Battelle Columbus Laboratories, Report to U.S. EPA,
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park,
North Carolina, Interagency Energy-Environment Research and Development
Program Report, EPA-600/7-79-140 (June 1979). 189 pp. EPA, CE847
177
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Finkelman, R. B., RELEASE OF TRACE ELEMENTS FROM A BURNING BITUMINOUS
CULM BANK U.S. Geological Survey, Open File Report 78-864 (1978),
49 pp. US Ceol Fiche
Fletcher, L. W., PNEUMATIC STOWING AT HOLDITCH COLLIERY Colliery
Guardian j^O (4917), 641-643 (May 26, 1955). D203
FLUIDIZATION Proceedings of the Second Engineering Foundation
Conference, Trinity College, Cambridge, England, April 2-6, 1978, J. F.
Davidson and D. L. Keairns, Eds., London, England: Cambridge University
Press, 1978- 407 pp. 660 F25
Randell, A. A., Gauld, D. W., Dando, R. L. and LaNauze, R. D., DISPOSAL
OF COLLIERY TAILINGS BY FLUIDIZED BED COMBUSTION pp 286-291.
Poersch, W. and Zabeschek, G., FLUIDIZED BED COMBUSTION OF FLOTATION
TAILINGS pp 292-296.
Freas, R. C. and Briggs, R. W., WASTE PRODUCTS TO FERTILE SOIL. THE
COMBINATION OF FLUE GAS DESULFURIZATION SLUDGES AND FINE COAL REFUSE
WITH MUNICIPAL WASTE Proceedings of the Sixth Mineral Waste
Utilization Symposium, Chicago, Illinois, by U.S. Bureau of Mines and
IIT Research Institute, E. Aleshin, Ed., 1978. pp 70-75. Available,
IIT Research Institute, P. 0. Box 4963, Chicago, Illinois 60680 622 M6
1978
Glushnev, S. V., Demldov, L. G., Zharov, Y. N., Zeltel, L. A., Itkin, Y.
V., and Cherltinskaya, K. T., FEATURES OF THE CHANGE IN THE PHYSIOCHEMICAL
PROPERTIES OF COAL ENRICHMENT WASTES IN PROCESSES CONVERTING THEM INTO
BUILDING MATERIALS Solid Fuel Chemistry (Khioiya Tverdogo Topllva) ^1
(4), 144-145 (1977). Jour
Guryachkov, I. L., Glushnev, S. V., Borycheva, E. A., and Ignatova, N. N., USE
OF COAL WASTES REINFORCED WITH ORGANIC BINDERS FOR ROAD BUILDING Solid
Fuel Chemistry (Khimiya Tverdogo Topliva) _U (4), 147 (1977). Jour
Gutt, W. H. and Russell, A. D., DENSE AGGREGATES (to National Research
Development Corporation), British Patent 1,453,641 (Oct. 27, 1976).
4 pp. Brit Pat
Hamza, H. A., FLOCCULATION OF FROTH FLOTATION TAILINGS FROM A COAL
WASHERY CIM Bulletin 7_2 (802), 116-121 (Feb. 1979). Jour, CE689
Hodgkinson, N., Pritchard, F. W., and Lewis, S., A COMPOSITE MATERIAL [to
Coal Industry (Patents) Limited], British Patent 1,473,517 (May 11,
1977). 3 pp. Brit Pat, CE 623
178
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Hoffman, D. C., Briggs, R. W. , and Michalski, S. R. , MANAGEMENT OF COAL
PREPARATION FINE WASTES WITHOUT DISPOSAL PONDS Dravo Corporation,
Report to U.S. EPA, Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory,
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, and U.S. Department of Energy,
Division of Solid Fuel Mining and Preparation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania,
Interagency Energy-Environment Research and Development Program Report,
EPA-600/7-79-007 and FE-11270-1 (Jan. 1979). 43 pp.+ EPA, DOE, CE726
Hubert, E., DUST HAZARD CAUSED BY PNEUMATIC STOWING Colliery Guardian
200 (5167), 457-463 (April 28, 1960). D207
Kimber, A. J., Pulford, I. D., and Duncan, H. J., CHEMICAL VARIATION AND
VEGETATION DISTRIBUTION ON A COAL WASTE TIP Journal of Applied Ecology
^ (2), 627-633 (1978). D440
Kirkup, W. M., A METHOD OF INCINERATING SEWAGE SLUDGES (to
Eamil-Envirotech Limited), British Patent 1,465,869 (March 2, 1977).
3 pp. Brit Pat
Kobeski, W. D., Srocki, S. W., Blosser, W. I., and Needham, J. J., METHOD OF
TREATING EARTHEN AREAS (to United States Gypsum Company), U.S. Patent
4,076,862 (Feb. 28, 1978). 8 pp. US Fat
KOCHER COAL CO. CLOSES WATER CIRCUIT, ELIMINATES SETTLING-POND PROBLEMS
Coal Age £1 (8), 98-99 (Aug. 1976). Jour, CE669
Leasing, R., DISPOSAL OF COLLIERY WASTES Colliery Guardian 193 (4970).
153-154, 156-157 (Aug. 2, 1956). D205
Mason, R. H., MARTIN COUNTY PLANT HANDLES 45X REJECT Coal Mining &
Processing J^7 (1), 68-69 (Jan. 1980). Jour
Mason, R. H., RAPCO PLANT MINES REFUSE DUMPS Coal Mining & Processing
^6 (4), 108-109, 121 (April 1979). Jour, D417
Maxwell, E. and Kelland, D. R., MAGNETITE RECOVERY IN COAL WASHING BY HIGH
GRADIENT MAGNETIC SEPARATION Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
Francis Bitter National Magnet Laboratory, Report to U.S. EPA,
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park,
North Carolina, and U.S. Department of Energy, Division of Solid Fuel
Mining and Preparation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Interagency
Energy-Environment Research and Development Program Report,
EPA-600/7-78-183 and FE-8887-1 (Sept. 1978). 60 pp. EPA, DOE
McMurray, R. L., PROCESS FOR THE SEPARATION OF AGGLOMERATED CARBONACEOUS
PARTICLES FROM ASSOCIATED INORGANIC MATERIALS U.S. Patent 4,089,776
(May 16, 1978). 6 pp. US Pat, CE690
Mel, J. S., Gall, R. L., and Wilson, J. S., FLUIDIZED-BED COMBUSTION TEST OF
LOW-QUALITY FUELS—I. ANTHRACITE REFUSE U.S. Department of Energy,
Morgantown Energy Research Center, MERC/RI-78/1 (May 10, 1978). 50 pp.
DOE
179
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Mitchell, D. R. and Smith, C. M., RECLAMATION OF REFUSE AT ILLINOIS COAL
MINES Illinois State Geological Survey, Circular 23 (1938). pp 45-52.
D199
Muncy, R. J. and Barrett, F. I., STATIC BIOASSAY TESTING OF IOWA COAL
BENEFICATION PLANT MAGNETITE-SLURRY WITH CHANNEL CATFISH (ICTALURUS
PUNCTATUS) Iowa State University, Energy and Minerals Resources
Research Institute, IS-ICP-60 (1977). 66 pp. CE89b
Naylor, A. E. and Thompson, J. S., POWER PACKING The Colliery Guardian 184
(4743), 95-99 (Jan. 24, 1952). D200
Nicol, S. K. and Swansea, A. R., SELECTIVE AGGLOMERATION IN THE TREATMENT OF
FINE COAL REFUSE Australian Mining 69_ (2), 42-43 (Feb. 1977). CE829
Nunny, R. S. , A SURVEY OF THE DISPERSAL OF COLLIERY WASTE FROM LYNEMOUTH
BEACH, NORTHUMBERLAND Ministry of Agriculture and Food, Great Britain,
Directorate of Fisheries Research, Lowestoft, Fisheries Research
Technical Report No. 43 (1978). 17 pp. D240
Orchard, R. J. , UNDERGROUND STOWING Colliery Guardian 203 (5237),
258-263 (Aug. 31, 1961). D210
Pelczarski, E. A., Karnavas, J. A., and LaRosa, P. J., METHOD OF TREATING COAL
REFUSE (to Black Sivalls & Bryson, Inc.), U.S. Patent 3,917,795 (Nov.
4, 1975). 7 pp. US Pat, CE808
POLLUTION CONTROL GUIDELINES FOR COAL REFUSE PILES AND SLURRY PONDS W.
A. Wahler and Associates, Report to U.S. EPA, Industrial Environmental
Research Laboratory, Cincinnati, Ohio, Interagency Energy-Environment
Research and Development Program Report, EPA-600/7-78-222 (Nov. 1978).
213 pp. EPA, CE644
POWER-STOWING INSTALLATION, A Colliery Engineering 31 (366), 226-233
(June 1954). D201
PROCEEDINGS, FOURTH KENTUCKY COAL REFUSE DISPOSAL AND UTILIZATION
SEMINAR Pine Mountain State Park, Pineville, Kentucky, by University
of Kentucky, Pikeville College, and Harlan County Coal Operators
Association, June 6-7, 1978, J. G. Rose and R. W. De Vore, Eds.,
Institute for Mining and Minerals Research, IMMR40-RRR5-78 (Dec. 1978).
81 pp. Available, ORES Publications, College of Engineering, University
of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506 631 K3 631 K3 1978, CE844
DiMillio, A. F. and Besselievre, W. C., COAL REFUSE UTILIZATION IN ROAD
CONSTRUCTION pp 41-47.
Klepper, R. P., NEW TRENDS IN FINE REFUSE VACUUM FILTRATION pp 51-54.
Iwasyszyn, T., REFUSE DEWATERINC BY CENTRIFUGES pp 55-56.
180
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PROCEEDINGS, FOURTH KENTUCKY COAL REFUSE DISPOSAL AND UTILIZATION
SEMINAR (continued)
Roessler, M. L., APPLICATION OF VIBRATING EQUIPMENT FOR STORAGE AND
HANDLING OF COAL FILTER CAKE AND REFUSE pp 57-63.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE SECOND U.S.-POLISH SYMPOSIUM: COAL SURFACE MINING
AND POWER PRODUCTION IN THE FACE OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
REQUIREMENTS Castle Ksiaz, Poland, by U.S. EPA and POLTEGOR, September
26-28, 1979, J. Libicki, Ed., Wroclaw, Poland, Report No.
EPA-600/7-79-159 (Oct. 1979), 292 pp. EPA
Martin, J. F», COAL REFUSE DISPOSAL PRACTICES AND CHALLENGES IN THE
UNITED STATES pp 173-190.
WysocVd, W., RECLAMATION PRACTICES FOR COAL REFUSE AND FLY ASH DISPOSAL
pp 191-206,
Pryor, A. G., THE AVON COLLIERY AND WASHERY: ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION
MEASURES Mine and Quarry Mechanisation, 1976. pp 128-131, 133. D247
Pulford, I. D. and Duncan, H. J., THE INFLUENCE OF ACID LEACHING AND
IGNITION ON THE AVAILABILITY OF NUTRIENTS IN COAL MINE WASTE
Reclamation Review^ (2), 55-59 (1978). Jour, D250a
Pulford, I. D. and Duncan, H, J., A QUALITATIVE ASSESSMENT Of POTENTIAL
ACIDITY IN COAL MINE WASTE Recitation Review^ (2), 51-5* (1978).
Jour, D250
Raymond, B. and Payne, B., RECEOT ADVANCES IN CANADIAN COAL PREPARATION
CIM Bulletin TjZ (802), 110-115 (Feb. 1979). Jour
Richardson, J. A., DERELICT PIT HEAPS AND THEIR VEGETATION Planning
Outlook, The Journal of the School of Town and Country Planning, King's
College, University of Durham A_ (3), 15-22 (1957). J. S. Allen. Ed.,
London: The Oxford University Press. CE763a
Roberts, J. R. and Gelsler, H. J., COAL WASTE DISPOSAL AT POCAHONTAS
NATIONAL POCAHONTAS MINE Mining Congress Journal 64 (12), 39-43 (Dec.
1978). Jour, D370
Rogers, S. E., Tolle, D. A., Brown, D. P., dark, R., Stilwell, J., and
Vignon. B. W.. ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF COAL CLEANIHG PROCESSES: HOMER
CITY POWER CGHPLEX TESTING Battelle Coluebua Laboratories, Report to U.S.
EPA, Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory, Research Triangle
park. North Carolina, Interagcncy Energy-Environment Research and
Development Program Report, EPA-fcOO/7-79-073f (Sept. 1979). 257 pp. EPA
Rose. J. G. and Howell, R. C,, PROPOSED COAL PILLARING PROCEDURE USING
CONCRETE CONTAINING COAL REFUSE (COAL-CRETE) Mining Engineering 21
O), 290-298 (March 1979). Also presented at AIME Annual Meeting,
Atlanta, Georgia, March 1977. Preprint No. 77F102. Jour, D424
181
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Ryan, C. R., REFUSE PILE FIRE ABATEMENT USING FLY ASH INJECTION
Proceedings, Fourth International Ash Utilization Symposium, St. Louis,
Missouri, by National Ash Association, Edison Electric Institute,
American Public Power Association, National Coal Association, and Energy
Research & Development Administration, March 24-25, 1976, J. R. Faber,
A. W. Babcock, and J. D. Spencer, Eds., Energy Research and Development
Administration, Morgantown Energy Research Center, MERC/SP-76/4
(undated), pp 665-676. Available, NTIS, CONF-760322 628.5 U952
Schuman, G. E., Berg, W. A., and Power, J. F., MANAGEMENT OF MINE WASTES IN
THE WESTERN UNITED STATES in "Land Application of Waste Materials,"
Ankeny, Iowa: Soil Conservation Society of America, 1976. pp 180-194.
631 S683
Scowen, R. T. and Dewar, I. S., USE OF WASTE MATERIAL FOR ROAD FILL Joint
Circular, Department of the Environment Circular 47/72, Welsh Office
Circular 22/72, Great Britain (June 1, 1972). 2 pp. Appendix,
STATEMENT BY LORD SANFORD ON THE USE OF WASTE MATERIAL FOR ROAD FILL
House of Lords, Official Report 325 (8), Columns 687-690 (Nov. 17,
1971). 2 pp. CE817
Sopper, W. E., Kardos, L. T., and Edgerton, B. R., ANTHRACITE REFUSE BANKS
RECLAIMED WITH SLUDGE AND EFFLUENT TREATMENTS Science in Agriculture
24_ (2), 8-9 (Winter 1977). CE605a
Sullivan, K. M., A REVIEW OF THE POTENTIAL FOR UTILISING WASHERY REFUSE
IN N.S.W. AND QUEENSLAND Australian Coal Industry Research
Laboratories Ltd., P.R. 77-10 (June 1977). 13 pp. 662.6 A9
Tanfield, D. A., CONSTRUCTION USES FOR COLLIERY SPOIL Reprinted from
Contract Journal, Jan. 14 and 21, 1971. 4 pp. CE822
Tolle, D. A., Neuendorf, D. W., and Van Vorls, P., ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF
COAL CLEANING PROCESSES: MASTER TEST PLAN Battelle Columbus
Laboratories, Report to U.S. EPA, Industrial Environmental Research
Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, Interagency
Energy-Environment Research and Development Program Report,
EPA-600/7-79-073a (Feb. 1979). 65 pp. EPA, CE848
Waters, P. L., FLUIDISED COMBUSTION OF COAL WASHERY WASTE Colliery
Guardian Coal International 227 (1), 50-54 (Jan. 1979). Jour, D441
Waters, P. L., PROSPECTIVE USES FOR COLLIERY WASTE Mine and Quarry
Mechanisation, 1976. pp 184-185. D246
Wewerka, E. M., Williams, J. M., and Vanderborgh, N. E., DISPOSAL OF COAL
PREPARATION WASTES: ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS Fourth National
Conference on Energy and the Environment, Cincinnati, Ohio, Oct. 5-7,
1976, Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico
LA-UR-76-2198 (1976). 7 pp. CE728
182
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White, J. W. , COAL REFUSE, BY-PRODUCTS MEDIA FOR FLORAL CROPS Science
in Agriculture _1£ (1), 8-9 (Fall 1971). CE761
Williams, P. J. and Cooper, J. E., NITROGEN MINERALIZATION AND NITRIFICATION
IN AMENDED COLLIERY SPOILS Journal of Applied Ecology J.3 (2), 533-543
(1976). CE815
Wilmoth, R. C. and Scott, R. B., UTILIZATION OF FLY ASH AND COAL MINE REFUSE
AS A ROAD BASE MATERIAL U.S. EPA, Industrial Environmental Research
Laboratory, Cincinnati, Ohio, Interagency Energy-Environment Research
and Development Program Report, EPA-600/7-79-122 (Aug. 1979), A8 pp«
NTIS, PB-300 761/4WP EPA
183
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TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Pleaie read Instructions on the reverse btfore completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/7-80-113
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSIOWNO.
.TITLE ANDSUBTITLE
Coal and the Environment Abstract Series: Mine
Drainage Bibliography 1929-1980
6. REPORT DATE
May 1 Qgft ^elo..^*^
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZAT1OI
Lfi—^*A£<^U—
:flON"CODE
7 AUTHOR(S)
V. E. Gleason
B. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Bituminous Coal Research, Inc.
Monroeville, Pennsylvania 15146
.CT/ORANT NO.
R-805336
12.SPQNSQRINGAGENCY NAME AND ADDHESS ... ,
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Cincinnati, Ohio 45268
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Task Final
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/12
IB. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
Project also funded by Office of Surface Mining, Department of Interior, and
Bituminous Coal Research, Inc.
16. ABSTRACT
This volume is the fourth to appear in the "Coal and the Environment Abstract Series"
and is a new edition of "Mine Drainage Bibliography." The other volumes in the
series are "Reclamation of Coal-Mined Land" and A Bibliography on Disposal of Refuse
from Coal Mines and Coal Cleaning." The three bibliographies in the series are in-
tended to complement one another. While each covers one particular subject area, in-
evitably some documents listed in one also are relevant to one of the other bibliog-
raphies. In addition to the abstracts, this volume includes an Author Index and a
General Index.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
. IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
COSATI Field/Group
Bibliography
Mining
Coal
Water Pollution
Mine drainage
Acid mine drainage
Treatment, water
Iron
Add
Sediment ponds
Surface mines
02A
02D
06M
08G
081
13B
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
Unclassified
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
Release to public
21. NO. OF PAGES
196
20. SECURITY CLASS (TMlpaf)
Unclassified
22. PRICE
EPA Form JJ2O-1 (»-7«
* U.S eOVEMMENT PNNTHW OFFICE: 1WO-657-146/5717
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