EPA-600/8 76-002
October 1976
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EPA-600/8-76-002
October 1976
HP-65 PROGRAMMABLE
POCKET CALCULATOR APPLIED TO
AIR POLLUTION MEASUREMENT STUDIES:
STATIONARY SOURCES
by
James W. Ragland, Kenneth M. Gushing,
Joseph D. McCain, and Wallace B. Smith
Southern Research Institute
2000 Ninth Avenue, South
Birmingham, Alabama 35205
Contract No. 68-02-2131
Program Element No. EHE624
EPA Project Officer: D. Bruce Harris
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
Office of Energy, Minerals, and Industry
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
Prepared for
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Office of Research and Development
Washington, DC 20460
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REVIEW NOTICE
This document has been reviewed by the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that
the contents necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Agency,
nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute
endorsement or recommendation for use.
This document is available to the public through the National Technical
Information Service, Springfield, Virginia 22161.
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Abstract iii
ABSTRACT
This report is intended to provide a useful tool to persons concerned with Air Pollution Measure-
ment Studies of Stationary Industrial Sources. Detailed descriptions are given for twenty two
separate programs that have been written specificly for the Hewlett Packard Model HP-65 card
programmable pocket calculator. Each program includes a general description, formulas used in
the problem solution, numerical examples, user instructions, and program listings. Areas covered
include the following: Methods 1 through 8 of the EPA Test Codes (Federal Register, December
23, 1971), calibration of a flame photometric detector by the permeation tube technique, deter-
mination of channel concentrations for a droplet measuring device, resistivity and electric field
strength measurments, determination of stack velocity, nozzle diameter, and isokinetic delta H
for a high volume stack sampler, and several programs for cascade impactors. Those for cascade
impactors include: determination of impactor stage cut points, calculation of the square root
of the Stokes number for round jet and for rectangular slot geometries, nozzle selection and deter-
mination of delta H for isokinetic sampling, determination of sampling time required to collect
50 mg total sample, determination of impactor flow rate, sample volume, and mass loading, and
calculation of cumulative concentration curves and their differentials.
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iv Contents
CONTENTS
PAGE
Abstract i»
List of Programs v
Acknowledgment vi
SECTIONS
I Introduction 1
II Environmental Protection Agency: Standards of Performance for New
Stationary Sources; Appendix - Test Methods (Federal Register Vol. 36,
No. 247, Part II, December 23, 1971) 4
III Cascade Impactors 25
IV Others 68
V Appendices 84
A. Entering a Program Card 85
B. Brief Operating Instructions 86
C. Program Listings 87
D. Unit Conversion Table
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Programs v
PROGRAMS
NUMBER PAGE
APol-01 Method 1 - Sample and Velocity Traverses for Stationary Sources 4
APol—02 Method 2 - Determination of Stack Gas Velocity and Volumetric Flow Rate
(Type S Pitot Tube) 7
APol—03 Method 3 - Gas Analysis for Carbon Dioxide, Excess Air, and Dry
Molecular Weight 10
APol-04 Method 4 - Determination of Moisture in Stack Gases 12
APol-05 Method 5 - Determination of Particulate Emissions from Stationary Sources .... 14
APol-06 Method 6 - Determination of Sulfur Dioxide Emissions from Stationary
Sources 18
APol-07 Method 7 - Determination of Nitrogen Oxide Emissions from Stationary
Sources 20
APol-08 Method 8 - Determination of Sulfuric Acid Mist and Sulfur Dioxide Emissions
from Stationary Sources 22
APol-09 Cascade Impactor Operation 25
APol—10 Impactor Flow Rate Given Orifice AH 39
APol-11 Impactor Flow Rate, Given Gas Velocity and Nozzle Diameter 42
APol-12 Impactor Sampling Time to Collect 50 Milligrams 44
APol-13 Impactor Flow Rate, Sample Volume, Mass Loading 46
APol-14 Impactor Stage D50 50
APol-15 v/^F Calculation- Round Jets 57
APol-16 >/*" Calculation - Rectangular Slots 60
APol-17 Cumulative Concentration vs D50 and AM/AlogD vs Geometric
Mean Diameter 63
APol—18 Mean, Standard Deviation, 90/95% Confidence Interval, Mean ± CI 68
APol-19 Resistivity and Electric Field Strength 71
APol-20 Channel Concentrations for the KLD Droplet Measuring Device (1-600 /im)
DC-1 73
APol—21 Aerotherm High Volume Stack Sampler; Stack Velocity, Nozzle Diameter,
Isokinetic AH 75
APol-22 Flame Photometric Detector Calibration by Permeation Tube Technique 81
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vi Acknowledgment
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The assistance of Mr. Ray Wilson and Dr. Herbert Miller in the preparation of this manuscript
is greatly appreciated. A special thanks is given to Mrs. Ann Billingsley for her work as typist
and to Mr. Don Davis as layout artist.
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Introduction 1
SECTION I
INTRODUCTION
GENERAL
The programs in this manual have been selected from the areas of Compliance Testing, Cascade
Impactor Operation, Mass Train Operation, Resistivity Measurements, etc., and written for the
Hewlett Packard Model HP-65 card programmable pocket calculator. A manual giving many of
these same programs in a modified form for use with a Hewlett Packard Model HP-25 manually
programmable pocket calculator is also available. Each program herein includes a general des-
cription, formulas used in the problem solution, numerical examples, and user instructions. Pro-
gram listings and register allocations are given in Appendix C at the back of this manual.
At the time of this writing the December 23, 1971 Federal Register (Volume 36, No. 247, Part II),
"Standards of Performance for New Stationary Sources; Appendix - Test Methods" sets forth the
official EPA test methods. Consequently, Section II of this text (programs APol-01 through
APol-08) has been based on the December 1971 document except as noted below.
A proposed amendment to the test methods had been set forth in the June 8,1976 Federal Regis-
ter (Volume 41, No. Ill) and minor changes to the programs contained in this document may be
required when the modified procedures are adopted.
In contrast to the equations set forth in the December 23, 1971 Federal Register, the equations in
this text use 68°F (20.0°C), as Standard Temperature rather than 70°F (21.1°C).
The difference in absolute temperature, at constant pressure, between 20.0°C and 21.1°C introduces
only a very slight change in the sample volume. The conversion factors are:
V(21.TC) = 1-0038 V(2o.O°C)
and
V(20.0°C) = 0-9962 V(2i.rC>
For the convenience of the user, most input data requirements call for English units. The output
for such cases is also in English units; however, the program steps provide for direct conversion
to metric units for reporting purposes. The terms "standard conditions" and "normal conditions"
are used interchangeably and refer to 68°F (20.0°C) temperature and 29.92 inches Hg (760 Torr)
pressure. Most temperature values are entered in °F (or °C) rather than °R (or °K) although the
formula being worked may specify "absolute" temperature. Conversion to "absolute" units is
accomplished internally.
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2 Introduction
FORMAT OF USER INSTRUCTIONS
The following is an example of a set of user instructions.
LINE
INSTRUCTIONS
Load program card
Store variables
Compute E
Compute (Y/SP)avg. for (APj, R,)
a. Sum data set*
(Do i - 1
Nl
b. Compute
Compute f
(For different y. store new values as
required then proceed to Line 4)
DATA
(H)
(B)
(d)
(E)
AP
(E)
N
KEYS
EZHZD
LZDCZl
DISPLAY
To follow the instructions, start with line 1 and read from left to right, performing the indicated
operations as you proceed.
Lines are read in sequential order except where the INSTRUCTIONS column directs otherwise.
Repeated processes used in most cases for a long string of input/output data are outlined with a
bold border together with a "Do" instruction. For example,
Do i = 1
N
means to execute the loop N times. On the first pass, the dummy variable i takes on the value 1;
on the second pass i takes on the value 2, etc.
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Introduction 3
Normally, as in the above example, the first instruction is to "Load Program Card" which means
load the preprogrammed magnetic card (see Appendix A: "Entering a Program Card"). Some
instructions are self contained and can be carried out by simply reading the INSTRUCTIONS
column alone, (e.g., "Load Program Card"). But some instructions depend on the information
supplied by the DATA and/or KEYS columns. In line 2 of the example "Store variables"
appears in the INSTRUCTIONS section and H, B, and d appear in the DATA section. The key-
stroke symbols [T] and [X] appear in the KEYS section. This means that to "Store variables",
one must load the appropriate value for the variable H and press (T|, load the appropriate value
for the variable B and press (T], then load the appropriate value for the variable d and press [A] .
The number "3.00" will be displayed when this sequence of program instructions has been com-
pleted.
The DATA column specifies the input data to be supplied. Symbols are defined in the text and
correct units are shown in the Example section.
A special notational format has been adopted which allows the operator to modify the sequence
of operating instructions. The use of parentheses around a variable (as shown in the DATA column
for line 3) indicates that when operating instructions are followed in the indicated sequence the
appropriate value will have already been loaded in the correct storage register. Operations shown
in parentheses are only used to change the magnitude of variables already stored by previous entry
or calculation. OPERATIONS SHOWN IN PARENTHESES ARE OMITTED FOR NORMAL
OPERATION.
For added convenience, most programs herein have been designed so as to frequently allow the
gnhstitution |R/Sl for a specific program address (such as \B\, [cj, etc.). As shown in our
example. |R/S| could be used in place of both \E\ and ICj. however only the specific program
address [D] can be used to branch out of the Do Loop. The operator should use the Example
section of each program to determine when substitution is desirable. The command |R/S| restarts
program execution from wherever the program pointer happens to be positioned. When an un-
labeled specific address is called for, program execution begins from the top of memory.
For the convenience of the reader, Appendix B gives a brief review of operating instructions for
the HP-65. For more extensive instruction the reader is referred to the HP-65 owner's handbook.
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4 APol-01
SECTION II
METHOD 1
SAMPLE AND VELOCITY TRAVERSES FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
TRAVERSE POINTS-CIRCULAR DUCT
g
METHOD 1
APol-01
For a circular duct, the distance from flange to traverse point (tj as shown below) is given by:
where
where
tj = (d + f)± «j
(1-1)
d = distance from the inside of the duct to the top of the flange
D = inside diameter of the duct
Oi[ - is given by:
a; = (D/2) v/(2nr])/K for nf = 1, 2, ... 8
K = number of traverse points on a given axis, an even integer
fi = K/2
nj = an integer having values 1, 2, ... 8
FLANGE
PORT
OUTSIDE WALL
INSULATION
INSIDE WALL
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APol-01 5
Thus for K traverse points on a given axis (i.e., horizontal or vertical) we have "flange to point"
distances, tj, as follow:
(let C = d + D/2)
tl = C-«8
t2 = C - a£_ j
13 = C- ac_2
tp = C - aj
tp+ 1 = C + Oil
V 2 = c + «2
tK- 1 = C + ag_ i
tK = C + ag
Note: • The choice of units for D and d fix the units of tj. Do not mix units.
• If "d" is the same for both ports (horizontal axis and vertical axis, see
illustration) the same "tj's" may be used on either axis. If d ^ d', a new set
(t;f) must be calculated using d'.
Reference: Standard Method for Sampling Stacks for Particulate Matter, D 2928-71. In: 1971
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Part 23. Philadelphia, Pa., 1971, p. 835.
Example:
d = 1.5 feet
D = 20 feet
K = 10 (i.e., 10 points on the horizontal axis)
ti = 2.01 feet
t2 = 3.13 feet
13 = 4.43 feet
14 = 6.02 feet
15 = 8.34 feet
t6 = 14.66 feet
t7 = 16.98 feet
tg = 18.57 feet
19 = 19.87 feet
= 20.99 feet
0.00 indicates END
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6 APol-01
LINE
1
2
INSTRUCTIONS
Load card
Compute "flange to point" distances.
*
(Note: K points on a single axis, K
must be an even number)
(Note: 0.0 indicates end)
DATA
d
D
K
KEYS
ED EH
men
mi i
pnr~~)
r^irn
r^ni i
CD cm
rrvrinn
CR/DCHI
DISPLAY
'1
'2
»3
»
•
lk
0.0
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APol-02 7
METHOD 2
DETERMINATION OF STACK GAS VELOCITY AND VOLUMETRIC
FLOW RATE (TYPE S PITOT TUBE)
METHODS APol-02
C Vs ° M
As described in Volume 36, No. 247, Part II of the Federal Register, December 23,1971, the
coefficient (Cp) for a Type S pilot tube can be determined by simultaneous readings from a standard
type pitot tube from the following equation:
Fiesl = Cn_ WA2sid
where
Pstd (2-1)
Cp, t = pitot tube coefficient of Type S pitot tube, dimensionless
Cp ., = pitot tube coefficient of standard (if unknown use 0.99) type pitot tube,
dimensionless
A Pstd = velocity head measured by standard type pitot tube, inches H2O
APtest = velocity head measured by Type S pitot tube, inches H2O
Using a calibrated Type S pitot tube, the stack gas velocity, ( Vs)avg, can be calculated from :
s ws (2-2)
where
(Vs)avg = average stack gas velocity, actual f.p.s.
Kp =85.48 for the units given herein
rn = pitot tube coefficient, dimensionless
Ptest
(Ts)avg = average absolute stack gas temperature, °R
(Y/A p)avg = average velocity head of stack gas, inches H2O
Ps = stack gas pressure, absolute, inches Hg
Ms = molecular weight of stack gas, wet, Ib/lb-mole, given by:
Ms = Md(l-Bwo) + 18BWO
where
= dry molecular weight of stack gas (from Method 3), Ib/lb-mole
= fraction by volume of water vapor in the gas stream (from Method 4),
dimensionless
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8 APol-02
The stack gas volumetric flow rate, Qs, is given by:
Qs = 3600 (l-Bwo)(Vs)avg A /
B Vavg/Vstd / (2-3)
where
Qs = volumetric flow rate, dry basis, standard (normal) conditions (528°R, 29.92
inches Hg), ft3/hr(i.e., DSCFH)
A = cross-sectional area of stack, ft3
Tstd = 528°R, absolute temperature at standard (normal) conditions
^std = 29.92 inches Hg, absolute pressure at standard (normal) conditions
BWO> (Vs)avg> (Ts)avg and Ps are as defined above
Note: • 1.00 ft/sec = 0.3048 m/sec
• 1.00 ft3 /hr = 28.32 1/hr = 0.02832 m3/hr
Example:
r = o 99
Do + rl \JtSS
Apstavg = 42-2 f-p.3.
A = 1,200 ft2 - - m sec
-P- Qs = 1.04 x 108 DSCFH
(= 2.94 x 109 1/hr)
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APol-02 9
LINE
INSTRUCTIONS
DATA
KEYS
DISPLAY
Load program card
EH CD
Compute pilot tube coefficient, S>
test
ECU
Ptest
Compute Md
%co
%N
%O
%C02
M
a. Compute stack gas velocity, (Vs)avg
ava
Mtest
(M)
To convert ft/sec + m/iec
0.3048
m/sec
b. Compute stack gas volumetric
flow rate,
To convert ft /hr * l/hr
28.32
l/hr
(For different traverse data, store the
CZ3CH
new values in the appropriate
CDLZD
registers and press 8)
HDCU
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10 APol-03
METHOD 3
GAS ANALYSIS FOR CARBON DIOXIDE, EXCESS AIR, AND DRY MOLECULAR WEIGHT
. Load %EA m Md
^^/U»ol-03 I
m m \
As described in Volume 36, No. 247, Part II of the Federal Register, December 23, 1971, the percent
excess air, %EA, is given by the following:
(*0a)- 0.5 (%CO) _
X 1UU/0
0.264 (%N2 )- (%02) + 0.5(%CO)
where
%EA = percent excess air
%O2 = percent oxygen by volume, dry basis
%N2 = percent nitrogen by volume, dry basis
%CO = percent carbon monoxide by volume, dry basis
0.264 = ratio of oxygen to nitrogen in air by volume
The dry molecular weight, Mj, is given by:
Md = 0.44(%C02) + 0.32 (%O2) + 0.28 (%N2 + %CO) (3.2)
where
MJ = dry molecular weight, Ib/lb-mole
%CO2 = percent carbon dioxide by volume, dry basis
%O2 = percent oxygen by volume, dry basis
%N2 = percent nitrogen by volume, dry basis
%CO = percent carbon monoxide by volume, dry basis
0.44 = molecular weight of carbon dioxide divided by 100
0.32 = molecular weight of oxygen divided by 100
0.28 = molecular weight of nitrogen and CO divided by 100
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Note: 1.0 Ib/lb-mole = 1.0 gm/gm-mole = 1.0 amu
Example:
%CO
%N2
%02
%C02
= 1%
= 79%
= 4%
= 16%
%EA = 20.17%
Mrf = 30.72 Ib/lb-mole
APol-03 11
LINE
1
2
3
INSTRUCTIONS
Load program card
Store variables
a. Compute % excess air, %EA
b. Compute dry molecular weight, Md
DATA
%co
%N2
%02
%C02
(%CO)
(%N2)
(%02)
<%C02)
KEYS
CZJCZl
mi i
mi i
mi i
mi i
Urcim
I STOl | 2 I
iiroinri
mi i
LSTO] | 4 |
mi i
DISPLAY
3
%EA
Md
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12 APol-04
METHOD 4
DETERMINATION OF MOISTURE IN STACK GASES
STO ^ Vwc _ Vme
^^APo^M j
m Bwo m ,|ters m )
As described in Volume 36, No. 247, Part II of the Federal Register, December 23,1971, the volume
of water vapor collected, Vwc, is given by:
Vwc = (0.047 2 ft3/ml) fvf - V,
(4-1)
* f
where
Vwc = volume of water vapor collected (standard conditions, 528°R, 29.92 inches Hg),
Vf - final volume of impinger contents, ml
Vj = initial volume of impinger contents, ml
The dry gas volume through the meter, at standard conditions, Vme, is given by:
Vme = (17.65-R/in. Hg) (^f^11)
where
Vme = dry gas volume through meter at standard conditions, ft3
Vm = dry gas volume measured by meter, ft3
Pm = barometric pressure at the dry gas meter, inches Hg
Tm = absolute temperature at meter, °R
The moisture content, Bwo, is given by:
wc \
^7 — I +0.
+ Vmey
Vwc
Bwo =77 - ^7 — I +0.025
wo (4_3)
where
BWO = fraction by volume of water vapor in the gas stream, dimensionless
Vwc = volume of water vapor collected (standard conditions), ft3
0.025 = approximate volumetric proportion of water vapor in the gas stream leaving
the impingers
Vme is as defined in (4-2) above.
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Note: 1.00ft3 = 28.32 liters
Example:
Vf = 12.5 ml (total)
Vj = 10.0 ml (total)
1.00ft3
29.00 in. Hg
= 100°F
vm =
pm =
APol-04 13
Vwc = 0.119 ft3 (= 3.36 liters)
Vme = 0.914ft3 (= 25.9 liters)
BWO = 0.14, dimensionless
LINE
INSTRUCTIONS
DATA
KEYS
DISPLAY
Load program card
Store variables
IF)
Compute the volume of water vapor
'me
Compute the proportion by volume of
water vapor in the gas stream, B.
'wo
Bwo
To convert ft to liters
ft3
liters
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14 APol-05
METHOD 5
DETERMINATION OF PARTICULATE EMISSIONS FROM STATIONARY SOURCES
METHOD
STO
D 5 APol-05A j
. V - c's . cs - cs . I
METHOD 5
- *'
APol-OSB |
1
As described in Volume 36, No. 247 Part II of the Federal Register, December 23, 1971, the
sample volume measured by the dry gas meter, corrected to standard conditions (68°F, 29.92
inches Hg) is given by:
AH
vmstd-y— m.Hg/ *™\ Tm /
where
Vm d = volume of gas sample through the dry gas meter (standard conditions), ft3
Vm = volume of gas sample through the dry gas meter (meter conditions), ft3
Tm = average dry gas meter temperature, °R
pbar = barometric pressure at the orifice meter, inches Hg
AH = average pressure drop across the orifice meter, inches H2O
The volume of water vapor in the gas sample, corrected to standard conditions, is given by:
V«W-(a«« -S-)V«c (M)
where
Vw td = volume of water vapor in the gas sample (standard conditions), ft3
Vg = total volume of liquid collected in impingers and silica gel, ml
The fraction by volume of water vapor in the gas stream is given by:
BWO = T7~ ~
v_ + v
mstd wstd (5_3)
where
Bwo = fraction by volume of water vapor in the gas stream, dimensionless
Vmstd and Vwstd are as given in e
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APol-05 15
The concentration of participate matter in stack gas, dry basis, is given by:
's = (o.01 54 £
s \ mg
mstd (5.4)
where
c's = concentration of participate matter in stack gas, gr/S.C.F., dry basis
Mn = total amount of particulate matter collected, mg
Vm . , is as given by equation (5-1).
Changing units, we can express c's in terms of lb/S.C.F., dry basis, as follows:
- (2.205
V mstd (5-5)
where
cs = concentration of particulate matter in stack gas, lb/S.C.F., dry basis
Mn and Vm , , are as given in equation (5-4).
We can also express c's in terms of gm/SCM, dry basis, as follows:
(0.03532 JEnigF\ J^_
\ rri2 * j\^,iw_/ v*^*
\ f std
where
c"s = concentration of particulate matter in stack gas, gm/SCM, dry basis
Mn and Vm .. are as given in equation (5-4).
The percent isokinetic sampling is given byt
(\ I 3 V Y /
1.677 ^IHl^JTs (0.00267 m'H£ft )vgc +--SL (Pbar + ~^
sec / I mi-K i im \
o a u
(5-6)
where
I = percent of isokinetic sampling, %
Vg = total volume of liquid collected in impingers and silica gel, ml
Vm = volume of gas sample through the dry gas meter (meter conditions), ft3
Tm = absolute average dry gas meter temperature, °R
Pbar = barometric pressure at sampling site, inches, Hg
AH = average pressure drop across the orifice, inches H2O
Ts = absolute average stack gas temperature, °R
0 = total sampling time, min
Vs = stack gas velocity (calculated by Method 2, Equation 2-2), ft/sec
Ps = absolute stack gas pressure, inches Hg
An = cross-sectional area of nozzle, ft2
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16 APol-05
Note: • 1.00 gr/ft3
• 1.00 lb/ft3
2.288 gm/m3
1.602 x 104 gm/m3
Example:
Vm =
'm
Pbar
AH
100ft3
= 29.5 inches Hg
= 5.0 inches H2O
= 100°F
Vc , = 50ml
Mn = lOOmg
Ts = SOOT
0 = 100 min
Vs= 15.00 ft/sec
Ps = 29.00 inches Hg
An = 0.00136ft2
'mstd
B
wo
c' =
c" =
9.41 x 101 DSCF
2.36 DSCF
2.45 x 10~2 (dimensionless)
1.64x 10-2 gr/DSCF
2.34 x 10~6 Ib/DSCF
3.75 x 10~2 gm/DSCM
I = 1.17x 102%
In the above example I > 110%, thus the test results would be rejected and the test repeated.
LINE
1
2
INSTRUCTIONS
Load program card APol-05 A
a. Store variable*
ff}
DATA
vm
pbar
AH
Tm
V«c
Mn
KEYS
LUKHI
rni i
rni i
CD EH
rjif i
rni i
CiillLIZI
DISPLAY
1
2
-------
APol-05 17
LINE
INSTRUCTIONS
DATA
KEYS
DISPLAY
b. Compute nnst(j
(AH)
mstd
c. Compute wsto"
r^7sii i
d. Compute Bwo
wo
e. Compute mass loading, c's,
(Mn)
grains/DSCF
c'
f. Compute mass loading, cs,
(Mn)
Ibs/DSCF
g. Compute mass loading, c"s,
(Mn)
gm/DSCM
Load program card APol— 058
LZHLZD
a. Store (If Line No. 2 has been
omitted, storage registers 1-5
must be loaded first)
(AH)
b. Compute percent of isokinetic
sampling
(p>
(Note: Card APol— 05B does not
CD CD
overwrite any storage register used
IZHEZl
by card APol-05A)
tzucu
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18 APol-06
METHOD 6
DETERMINATION OF SULFUR DIOXIDE EMISSIONS FROM STATIONARY SOURCES
OO^^^^^^^APo^e I
. V • C • a™/™3 . m \
STO
As described in Volume 36, No. 247, Part II of the Federal Register, December 23, 1971, the volume
of the gas sample through the dry gas meter, corrected to standard conditions (528°R, 29.92 inches
Hg). vmstd- is given by:
v -/!7« -R \ ( Vbar }
Vtd - \17'65 JnTHij V Tm ) (6_1}
where
Vm , = volume of gas sample through the dry gas meter (standard conditions), ft3
Vm = volume of gas sample through the dry gas meter (meter conditions), ft3
Tm = average dry gas meter temperature, °R
Pbar = barometric pressure at the orifice meter, inches Hg
The concentration of sulfur dioxide at standard conditions, dry basis is given by:
_ 705xlo
CS0 - .05 x
-5
/VsolrA
Jbj\(VrVtb) /A v,;
where
CSQ = concentration of sulfur dioxide at standard conditions, dry basis, lb/ft3
7.05 x 10~5= conversion factor, including the number of grams per gram equivalent of sulfur
dioxide (32 g/g-eq.), 453.6 g/lb, and 1,000 ml/1, lb-1/g-ml
Vt = volume of barium perchlorate titrant used for the sample, ml
Vtb = volume of barium perchlorate titrant used for the blank, ml
N = normality of barium perchlorate titrant, g-eq/1
vsoln = total solution volume of sulfur dioxide, 50 ml
Va = volume of sample aliquot titrated, ml
Vmstd = volume of gas s3"1?16 through the dry gas meter (standard conditions), ft3
Note: 1.00 lb/ft3 = 1.602 x 104 gm/m3
-------
APol-06 19
Example:
= 1.77ft3
111
Pbar = 26.00 inches Hg
Tm = 100°F
Vt = 5 ml
Vtb = 0.1 ml
N = 0.005 ml
Vso]n = 50 ml
Va = 2 ml
= L45ft3
x 10-s lb/ft3
= 4.77 x 10'1 gm/m3
CS02= 2.98
LINE
INSTRUCTIONS
Load program card
Store variables
(F)
a. Compute dry gat meter volume
(standard conditions)
b. Compute concentration SC>2
(standard conditions)
c. To convert lb/ft to gm/m3
DATA
'm
•"bar
'tb
N
"solo
(Vt)
(A/)
lb/ftJ
KEYS
DISPLAY
"m,
std
gm/m3
-------
20 APol-07
METHOD 7
DETERMINATION OF NITROGEN OXIDE EMISSIONS FROM STATIONARY SOURCES
METHOD 7 APol-07
STO Vsr C gm/m3
As described in Volume 36, No. 247, Part II of the Federal Register, December 23,1971, the sample
volume corrected to standard conditions (528°R, 29.92 inches Hg) is given by.'
\ in-ng/ \ /\lf M/ (7-1)
where
Vsc = sample volume at standard conditions (dry basis), ml
Vf = volume of flask and valve, ml
25 ml = volume of absorbing solution
Pf = final absolute pressure of flask, inches Hg
Pj = initial absolute pressure of flask, inches Hg
Tf = final absolute temperature of flask, °R
Tj = initial absolute temperature of flask, °R
The concentration of NOX as NO2 (dry basis) is given by:
where (7'2>
C = concentration of NOX as NO2 (dry basis), lb/ft3, standard
conditions (i.e., Ib/DSCF)
m = mass of NO2 in gas sample, /ugm
Vsc = sample volume at standard conditions (dry basis), ml
Note- l.OOlb/DSCF = 1.602 x 104 gm/DSCM
-------
APol-07 21
Example:
Vf = 2,000ml
Pf = 25.00 inches Hg
Tf = 120°F
?l = 5.00 inches Hg
Tj = 70°F
m = 5.0 M gm
Vsc = 1.17 x 103 ml
C = 2.64 x 10"7 Ib/DSCF
(= 4.23 x 10'3 gm/DSCM)
LINE
INSTRUCTIONS
DATA
KEYS
DISPLAY
Load program card
Store variables
IF)
IF)
m
a. Correct (ample volume to dry,
standard conditions
(Pf)
'sc
b. Compute concentration of NOX
(m)
as NO2
c. To convert Ib/DSCF > gm/DSCM
Ib/DSCF
gm/DSCM
-------
22 APol-08
METHOD 8
DETERMINATION OF SULFURIC ACID MIST AND SULFUR DIOXIDE
EMISSIONS FROM STATIONARY SOURCES
e
METHOD 8 APol-08
', V , ACID , S02 m
3
As described in Volume 36, No. 247 Part II of the Federal Register, December 23, 1971, the dry
gas meter volume corrected to standard conditions (528°R, 29.92 inches Hg) is given by:
AH
v =11765 — I V 1-^§I l-^-
Vmstd V in. Hg/ V™\ Tm , (8.]}
/
= (1765 _JR
V7-65 in.H
where
Vm . , = volume of gas sample through the dry gas meter, standard conditions, ft3
Vm = volume of gas sample through the dry gas meter, meter conditions, ft3
Tm = average dry gas meter temperature, °R
f*bar = barometric pressure at the orifice meter, inches Hg
AH= pressure drop across the orifice meter, inches H2O
The concentration of sulfuric acid (standard conditions, dry) is given by:
CH2S04 = 1-08 x 10-' JgL x (ft
where
CH SO = concentration of sulfuric acid at standard conditions, dry basis, lb/ft3 •
2 (i.e., Ib/DSCF)
1.08 x 10~6 = conversion factor including the number of grams per gram equivalent
of sulfuric acid (49 g/g-eq.), 458.6 g/lb, and 1,000 ml/1, lb-1/g-ml
/3 is given by:
.. vsoln
v
V
-------
APol-08 23
where
V{ = volume of barium perchlorate titrant used for the sample, ml
Vfb = volume of barium perchlorate titrant used for the blank, ml
/V = normality of barium perchlorate titrant, g-eq./l
Vsoln = to*al solution volume of:
• equ. (8-2): sulfuric acid, ml (first impinger and filter)
• equ. (8-3): sulfur dioxide, ml (second and third impingers)
Va = volume of sample aliquot titrated, ml
Vm . , = volume of gas sampled through the dry gas meter, standard conditions,
ft3, see equation (8-1)
The concentration of sulfur dioxide (standard conditions, dry) is given by:
= 7.05 x 10-5 -M x (|8) (8-3)
where
CSQ,= concentration of sulfur dioxide at standard conditions, dry basis, lb/ft3,
(i.e., Ib/DSCF)
7.05 x 10~5= conversion factor including the number of grams per gram equivalent of
sulfur dioxide (32 g/g-eq)
Note: 1.00 lb/ft3 = 1.602 x 104 gm/m3
Example:
Vm = 100ft3
pbar = 29.00 inches Hg
Tm = 100°F
AH = 5 inches H2O
H2S04 SQ2
Vt = 4 ml 6 ml
Vtb = 0.1 ml 0.1 ml
N = 0.005 g-eq/1 0.005 g-eq/1
vsoln = 50 ml 75 ml
Va = 2 ml 2 ml
• Vmstd = 9'26 x 10' ft3
CH2SO4 = 5.69 x ID'7 lb/ft3(= 9.11 x 10~3 gm/m3)
CSO2 = 8.43 x 10-7 lb/ft3 (= 1.35 x 10~2 gm/m3)
-------
24 APol-08
LINE
INSTRUCTIONS
DATA
KEYS
DISPLAY
Load program card
Store variables
1 I
rbar
F)
AH
'tb
N
'soln
a. Compute dry gas meter volume
(standard conditions)
(AH)
mstd
b. Compute concentration of
(vt)
'H2S04
c. Compute concentration of S02
IV.)
(change itored variables as
«Vtb>
required)
CSO2
To convert Ib/ft
gm/m
lb/ftj
gm/m
-------
APol-09 25
SECTION III
CASCADE IMPACTOR OPERATION: PITOT DATA REDUCTION, NOZZLE
AND FLOW RATE SELECTION, FLOW METERING PARAMETERS
f'
\\
st
1st , A H... jn.-*mmm
AP BCO> B02» BCO2 > are t*16 dry volumetric fractions for N2, CO, O2 , and CO2
respectively
The mean molecular weight, wet, of flue gas, Ms, is given by:
Ms = Md (l-Bwo) + 18BWO
where
Bwo = volumetric fraction of water, dimensionless
-------
26 APol-09
A
PROBE
r
DRYING
COLUMN
|
r
HEAT EXCHANGER
IMPACTOR
AIR
FLOW
METERING METERING
TEE ORIFICE 1 ORIFICE 2
AH
AH'
PUMP
Hg MANOMETER H20 MANOMETER
Figure 9-A. A Typical Setup for Low Flow Rate Impactors
Using Two Calibrated Orifice Flow Meters
-------
APol-09 27
PROBE
CONDENSERS
PORT
AIR FLOW
HEAT EXCHANGER
Hg MANOMETER
GAS METER
t
- H2O MANOMETER
Figure 9-B. A Typical Setup for High Flow Rate Impactors Using a Calibrated
Orifice and a Dry Gas Meter
-------
28 APol-09
The point velocity (Vj) as determined by a Type S pitot tube is given by:
Vj = 6 v/Apj Tj
where
A pj = velocity pressure (inches H2O) at point i
Ti = temperature (°R) at point i
6 = pitot-gas composition factor, given by:
where
where
6 = 2.9 C
R" =
28.95 amu
Pb;
ar
V
= ambient pressure, inches Hg
±APS = stack pressure differential, inches H2O
Cp = pitot constant, dimensionless
Ms is as defined above.
(9-1)
Average velocity, (Vs)avg, is given by:
(vs)avg = •£ * Vj (i = l,r
Average temperature, (Ts)avg,is given by:
(Ts)avg = -J- 2 Tj (i = l,n)
The impactor flow rate, Qj, is given by:
Q! = 5.072 x 10-4(Vs)avgxDN2
where
Ql = impactor flow rate, ft3/min (i.e., CFM)
(Vs)avg = average velocity, ft/sec
= nozzle diameter, millimeters
The pressure drop across the orifice required to obtain the desired actual impactor flow rate is
given by:
y
AH =
(Qcal)2
(9-2a)
-------
APol-09 29
where
AH= pressure drop across the orifice required to obtain the desired actual impactor
flow rate, inches H2O
Qcaj = calibration flow rate (at APcaj, Tcaj, Pcai), ACFM
Po = absolute pressure at the orifice (inches Hg) given by:
PO = pbar - Apsy
where
where
Pbar = arr|bient pressure, inches Hg
APsy = pressure differential to ambient, inches Hg, immediately upstream
from the orifice
"f = gas composition, temperature, and pressure constant, given by:
To = orifice temperature, °R
Qj = desired actual flow rate, ACFM
(Ts)avg = average stack temperature, °R
IRj = intermediate value given by:
i = [0-BWO) PS]
where
where
Bwo = volumetric fraction of water
Ps = stack pressure (inches Hg) as used with 6 in Equation (9-1)
= mean molecular weight (MMW) of the flue gas, dry
cc = orifice calibration factor given by:
Tc AHC
Cc=Pc Mc
Tc = calibration temperature, °R
Pc = calibration pressure, inches Hg
AHC = pressure drop (inches H2O) for which Qcaj is taken
Mc = MMW of the calibration gas, amu
(Note: MMW of standard air is 28.97 amu, dry
cc = 6.260 for Tc = 535°R, Pc = 29.50 in. Hg, AHC = 10 inches
H2O, and Mc = 28.97)
(9-2b)
-------
30 APol-09
In any given sampling situation either a gas meter or a second orifice will be used, but not both. A
gas meter is the preferred instrument when the required sampling flow rate is within the calibration
range of the gas meter. Whenever required flow rates are below the minimum required to actuate the
gas meter, a second orifice should be substituted for the gas meter and positioned in series with and
immediately downstream of the first orifice. Such is normally the case when sampling at the inlet to
a gas cleaning device where high concentrations require the use of low flow rate impactors.
When a second orifice (calibrated at the same conditions as the first orifice (i.e., c'c = cc)) is used in
series with the first orifice, the pressure drop across the second orifice (AH') is given by:
AH' =
PO' (Q'cal)2 (9-3a)
where
AH' = pressure drop across the second orifice, inches H2O
Q'cal = calibration flow rate for this orifice
7 is as defined for equation (9-2) above, when cc = cc'.
Po' = absolute pressure at this orifice (in. Hg), given by:
O' ~ pbar I APsy + y^g")
(9-3b)
where
AH = pressure drop (in. Hg) across the first orifice
Pbar and APSy are as defined for equation (9-2) above.
If a gas meter is used (in place of the second orifice) the time (t, in sec) required for one revolution
of the gas meter dial is given by:
t = ^
where (9-4)
K = V0 x 60 sec/min
V0 = volume for one revolution, ft3
Qm = actual flowrate through the gas meter, ft3/min, actual (i.e., ACFM), given by;
_ n/ /AH'/ To
Qm - Qcal V -v-
lo
where
AH' = pressure drop across the imaginary second orifice (Qm equals Q'orifice) as
determined by setting Q'cai = Qcai and c'c = cc where cc and P'o are
given by equations (9-2b) and (9-3b) respectively.
(For Qm in CFM and Vo = 0. 1 ft3 , t in seconds is given by t = 6/Qm)
-------
APol-09 31
Note: • On all three cards program steps are arranged so that R/S can frequently be used rather
than a letter address, A, B, C, D, E. The operator can decide which sequence is best
suited to his needs.
• Both orifices must have the same calibration factor (i.e., c'c = cc).
• This program assumes specific values for cc and K. When these values are not
appropriate, new values should be calculated using equations (9-2b) and (9-4) and
the appropriate value for cc and K entered as program steps in place of the assumed
values 6.260 and 6 respectively.
• 1.00 inch = 25.40mm
• 1 gm/gm-mole = 1 Ib/lb-mole = 1 amu
Example No. 1:
(APsy, AH, AH') - - Two Orifices
1 . Load Card APol-09A.
2a. BQ2 = 0.05, BNz = 0.78, BCC,2 = 0.15, BCO= 0.02 — - Md = 30.60 amu
2b. Bwo = 0.06 -*- Ms = 29.84 amu
2c. Pbar= 29.43 in. Hg, APS = -6.7 in. H20 -*• Ps = 28.94 in. Hg.
2d. -»~ IRi = 2.264 x 104
2e. T0= 75°F+460 = 535°R
3. Load Card APol-09B
4. Cp = 0.83
5. (Ap,, Tj) = (0.06 in. H2O, 321'F) —- V, = 16.50 ft/sec, n = 1
(Ap2, T2) = (0.08 in. H20, 329°F) -*- V2 =19.15 ft/sec, n = 2
(Ap3, T3) = (0.08 in. H2O, 330°F) -*- V3 =19.16 ft/sec, n = 3
(Ap4,T4) = (0.07 in. H20, 325°F) — V4 = 17.87 ft/sec, n = 4
6a. DN - 1-5 mm -»- QI = 0.0207 ft3/min
DN = 2.0 mm -*- QI = 0.0369 ft3/min
6b. (vs)avg= 18.17 ft/sec
6c. (Ts)avg= 786.3°R
7. Load Card APol-09Ci
Note: cc = 6.26, K is used with APol-09C2 only and thus may not have any value.
-------
32 APol-09
8. Qcai = 0.02363 ft3 /min (cc = 6.260 for 10 in. H2O, 29.50 in. Hg, 535°F, 28.97 amu)
Q'cal= 0.02509 ft3/min (c'c = 6.260 for 10 in. H2O, 29.50 in. Hg, 535°F, 28.97 amu)
T0 = 535°R
IR, = 2.264 x 104
Pbar= 29.43 in. Hg
Md = 30.60
9. APsy= 1.5 in. Hg -^ AH = 10.7 in H2O, AH' = 9.7 in. H2O
10. "E"
APsy = 2.0 in. Hg, AH = 10.9 in. H2O, AH' = 9.9 in. H2O
2.5 in. Hg ll.lin. H2O " 10.1 in. HaO
3.0 in. Hg 1 1.3 in. H2O 10.3 in. H2O
3.5 in. Hg ll.Sin. H2O 10.5 in. H2O
Example No. 2:
(APsy, AH, t) - - Orifice and Gas Meter
1 . Load Card APol-09A
2a. BQ2 = 0.05, BNz = 0.78, BCQ2 =0.15, BCO= 0-02 -*• Md = 30.60 amu
2b. Bwo = 0.06 -*- Ms = 29.84 amu
2c. Pbar= 29.43 in. Hg, APS = -6.7 in. H2O — - Ps = 28.94 in. Hg
2d. -*- IRi = 2.264 x 104
2e. T0 = 75°F + 460 = 535°R
3. Load Card APol-09B
4. Cp = 0.83
5. (Apj , T, ) = (0.06 in. H2O, 321°F) — V, = 16.50 ft/sec, n = 1
(Ap2( T2) = (0.08 in. H2O, 329°F) -— V2 = 19.15 ft/sec, n = 2
(Ap3, T3) = (0.08 in. H2O, 330°F) -»- V3 = 19.16 ft/sec, n = 3
(Ap4, T4) = (0.07 in. H2O, 325°F) -*• V4 = 17.87 ft/sec, n = 4
6a. DN=3.18mm Qj = 0.0932 ft3 /min
DN = 7.94 mm Qj = 0.5808 ft3 /min
6b. -^ (Vs)avg = 18.17 ft/sec
6c. -^ (Ts)avg = 786.3°R
7. Load Card APol-09C2
Note: cc = 6.26, K = 6.00
-------
APol-09 33
8. Qca] = 0.3512 ft3/min (cc = 6.260 for 10 in. H2O, 29.50 in. Hg. 535°F, 28.97 amu)
ST02
T0 = 535°R
IR, = 2.264 x 104
Pbar = 29.43 in. Hg
M°R
Load program card APol-OflB
Store variables and
initialize
DATA
BO,
BN2
BC02
Bco
Bwo
"bar
±AP,
°F
ec
CP
(P$)
-------
34 APol-09
LINE
5
6
7
INSTRUCTIONS
a. Load pitot data (Apj( Tj);
(in. H2O)
( in °F)
b. Optional: for display of Ap; and
TJ to determine correct entry.
(If after recalling Apj and Tj , the
operator determines that a wrong
value was entered, this entry may
be eliminated by pressing "E"
Program E takes the point
velocity previously calculated
with the erroneous data and
subtracts it from the summation reg-
ister. It also corrects the summation
registers for T$ and n.
c. Optional: for display of the index
counter, n
Compute Q|.'
a. After all pitot traverse data has
been loaded, select a nozzle and
compute the corresponding Q(
required for isokinetic sampling.
Repeat as necessary with different
choices for Dfj to obtain an
acceptable Q|
b. Display (Vs)avg (fps)
c. Display (Ts)avg (°R)
a. Load card APol-090, for
(APsy, AH, AH') sets
or
Load card APol-09C2 for
-------
APol-09 35
LINE
INSTRUCTIONS
b. Enter, as program steps, the correct
value for cs and K from equations
(9-2b) and (9-4) respectively.
c. Proceed to the appropriate set of
instructions.
DATA
KEYS
a a
LZDCZI
cun
czm
CZ3CZ1
DISPLAY
For (APsy, AH, AH') Sets; Two Orifices
APol-09C!
LINE
INSTRUCTIONS
DATA
KEYS.
DISPLAY
Initialize
cum]
a. Store preliminary data
Oca.
Q'
cal
(from APol-O9A)
bar
«TsW
b. Initialize
0.00
Compute lAPsy, AH, AH')
AH
given AP,y
AH-
10
To increment previous
AP5y by steps of
AH
+0.5 in. Hg
AH-
11
To convert from inches -*• mm
inches
mm
-------
36 APol-09
For (APsy, AH, t) Sets; Orifice and Gas Meter
APOM)9C2
LINE
8
9
10
11
INSTRUCTIONS
Initialize
a. Store preliminary data
<°R)
(from APol-09A)
b. Initialize
Compute (APsy, AH, t)
given AP,y
To increment previous AP|y by steps
of
+0.5 in. Hg
To convert from inches •* mm
DATA
Qcal
TO
IR,
pbar
«Vavg>
(Q|)
Md
AP,y
inches
KEYS
czmn
[STO [ 1
fsroirn
[ STO J | 4 |
ISTO] p5 |
[STO'1 [1 1
i sToi nn
isroirrn
[STO] \_9~~ \
\ A|| |
i B ir^i
IR/S 1 [ 1
LLJI 1
i R/S i pn
LR/S | }
1 c | |
DISPLAY
0.00
AH
t
Apsy
AH
t
mm
-------
APol-09 3.7
CASCADE IMPACTOR OPERATION
Velocity Traverse - Inlet/outlet (Circle One)
Plant:
Location:
Date:
Time (circle one) AM / PM
POINT VELOCITIES
Port Number
4 5
6
6 (Top) 1
5 2
2 3
I 4
> c
H (Bottom) 6
«M =
BCO =
Rro =
pbar =
TO =
in.
in.
— »-M
— Ms =
Hg
HiQ_
Pc =
INCHES
1/8
3/16
1/4
5/16
3/8
1/2
in. He
-^IR,=
"F +460 =
; DM = mm
P —
Orifice No. 1
ID:
Oral'
(CG =
"R
— Ql =
(Vs)avg =
Q'caP
;k-
CFM
fps
°R
Orifice No. 2
program steps)
i
=
=
A P,
(in.
uepui -
INC
A:
Ai
.2f
.31
.3;
.5(
iy
Hg)
HES
15
175
;o
25
75
)0
No. 1
AH
(in.H20)
MM
- 3.18
= 4.76
= 6.35
= 7.94
= 9.53
= 12.70
t
or
No. 2
AH'
(in. H20;
-------
38 APol-09
Pitot Traverse Data; Velocity Pressures and Temperatures:
Port 1
Port 2
Port 3
Port 4
Port 5
Port 7
Port 8
1
2
3
4
5
6
Ap T
Ap T
Ap T
Ap T
Ap T
Ap T
Ap T
Ap T
Fold Here
The above format should be positioned upside down on the reverse side of the data form so that
when the paper is folded along the dotted line the calculated values for the point velocities mav
be easily entered in the table.
-------
APol-10 39
IMPACTOR FLOW RATE GIVEN ORIFICE AH
. Q, given AH
The actual flow rate through an impactor, Qj, is given by:
Qcal Ts /(Pbar-APSy) AH
Ql ~ (1-BWO)PS J T0Mdcc (10-1)
where
Ts = stack temperature, °R
BWQ= volumetric fraction of water
Pbar = ambient pressure, in. Hg
APSy = ambient to system pressure differential at a point immediately upstream
of the orifice, in. Hg
AH = pressure drop across the orifice, in. H2O
To = orifice temperature, °R
cc = orifice calibration factor given by:
Tc AHC
c =
U° PC Mc (10-2)
where
Pc = calibration pressure, in. Hg
Tc= calibration temperature, °R
AHC= pressure drop across the orifice, in. Hg, (at temperature Tc
and pressure Pc) when the calibration flow rate Qc is measured
Mc = mean molecular weight of the calibration gas
Qcal = calibration flow rate for a pressure drop A Hc (at conditions Tc and Pc),
ft3/min, actual (i.e., ACFM)
Ps = stack pressure, in. Hg, given by:
ps = Pbar + APS/13.6
where
APs = pressure differential, ambient to stack, inches H2O
Pbar = ambient pressure, inches Hg
= dry mean molecular weight of the flue gas as given by:
= 32 BQ2 +44 BCO, + 28(BN, + BCO)
-------
40 APol-10
where
, BO ' BCO2 - and BCO are the dry volumetric fractions for N2,
CO2, and CO respectively.
Example:
Program Steps:
cc = 6.260
(for Pc = 29.50 in. Hg, Tc = 535°R
AHC = 10 in. H2O, Mc = 28.97)
Data:
BQ2 = 0.06
Bc02= 0.13
BN2 = 0.78
BCD - °-03
= 30.32 IbAb-mole
Pbar = 28.04 in. Hg
APS = -6.0 in. H2O
Ps = 27.6 in. Hg
Qca, = 0.420 CFM, T0 = 45°F, Ts = 380°F,BWO = 0.12
AH
APsy
6.0 in. H2O
2.0 in. Hg
AH = 6.5 in. H2O
APsy = 4.0 in. Hg
Qcal = 0.0494 CFM
AH= 1.4 in. H2O
APsy = 2.0 in. Hg
= 0.586 ACFM (stack conditions)
( = 16.6 ALPM, stack conditions)
Q[ = 0.587 ACFM (stack conditions)
( = 16.6 ALPM, stack conditions)
= 0.0333 ACFM (stack conditions)
( = 0.944 ALPM, stack conditions)
-------
APol-10 41
LINE
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
INSTRUCTIONS
a. Load program card
b. Enter correct value of cc [from
equation (10-2)] as program
steps.
Compute Md
Compute stack pressure
(Note: Use + for positive pressure,
- for negative)
a. Store variables
<°F)
(°F)
b. Compute impactor flow rate
For a second set (AH, APsy) using
the same orifice, repeat Line 4b
above.
For a second set (AH, APsy) using
a different orifice, same cc, store
the new Qc in register No. 1 then
go to Line 4b above.
To convert from CFM •»• LPM
DATA
B02
BC02
BN2
Bco
pbar
± APS
Qcal
T0
Ts
Bwo
(Md)
AH
APSV
CFM
KEYS
on
CZICH
i ii i
i ii i
mi i
mr~i
r~nr~i
DO i i
fsToi r~e~~i
cmcz]
mi i
[STO| | T~l
[sroirn
iTFcim
HTcim
| STpJ | 5~1
IjToJ | 6 1
iri^rTi
mi i
r^~ii i
dDEH
CZHZD
CHLH]
CDd]
CDLZD
CDLH
cm en
mi i
DISPLAY
Md
ps
QI
LPM
-------
42 APol-11
IMPACTOR FLOW RATE GIVEN GAS VELOCITY AND NOZZLE DIAMETER
by (Vs) & DN
CCPS UPM
APol-11 j
\
For isokinetic sampling, when the average flue gas velocity (or point velocity if a single point
sample is taken) over a traverse path is known, the actual flow rate through an impactor (Or)
corresponding to a given choice of nozzle diameter, DN, is given by:
Qr = 5.072 x 10-4(Vs)avg(DN)2 (n
where
Ql = actual flow rate through the impactor, ft3/min (i.e., ACFM)
(Vs)avg = average flue gas velocity, feet per second
= nozzle diameter, millimeters
For Qj in cm3/sec:
Q! = 0.2394 (Vs)avg(DN)2 (11.2)
For QI in liters per minute (LPM):
Qj = 0.01436 (Vs)avg(DN)2 (11.3)
(All Qj are for actual temperature and pressure)
Note: • 1/4 inch = 6.35 mm
• 3/8 inch = 9.53 mm
• 1/2 inch = 12.7 mm
• 1.00 inch= 25.4 mm
• 1.00 mm = 0.0394 inch
-------
Example:
(Vs)avg = 60 ft/sec
APol-11 43
Q! =0.1217 ACFM
Ql = 57.46 cm3/sec, actual
Qr = 3.446 ALPM
LINE
1
2
3
4
5
INSTRUCTIONS
Load program card
Store variables (ft/sec)
(mm)
To compute Q( in ACFM
To compute Q| in cm /sec, actual
To compute Q| in ALPM
DATA
avg
DN
KEYS
CD a
| STO| | 1
rsToinn
r"*"n i
f~Bll 1
mi i
DISPLAY
Qt
QI
QI
-------
44 APol-12
IMPACTOR SAMPLING TIME TO COLLECT 50 MILLIGRAMS
/^t^o^^n^^^^^^^^^^APoM2 j
I - *B . . ''g • - 9f - I
The approximate time (tg) required to collect 50 mg of sample for a mass loading in units of
grains per actual cubic feet is given by:
0.77162
8 (Qi)(G) (12-1)
where
tg = collection time, minutes
Qj = actual impactor flow rate, ACFM
G = mass loading, gr/ACF
If the mass loading is given in units of milligrams per actual cubic meter, the approximate time
is given by:
., _ 1765.7
*g ~
where
Ql = actual impactor flow rate, ACFM
G' = mass loading, mg/ACM
Note: • 1.001b= 7,000 grains
• 1.001b= 453.6 grams
Example:
For mass loading in units of gr/ACF:
G= 2 gr/ACF & Qj = 0.03 ACFM-*-tg = 0.1251
(i.e., 12 min, 51 sec)
(w/opt. R/S: 12.86 minutes)
G = 0.006 gr/ACF & Qr = 0.5 ACFM-*-tg = 4.1712
(i.e., 4 hours, 17 min, 12 sec)
(w/opt. R/S: 257.2 minutes)
-------
APol-12 45
For mass loading in units of mg/ACM:
G' = 13 mg/ACM & Qj = 0.5 ACFM
t'g = 4.3139
(i.e., 4 hours, 31 min., 39 sec)
(w/opt. R/S: 271.6 minutes)
LINE
1
2
3
4
INSTRUCTIONS
Load program card
Compute t-, given the grain loading
a. Store variables
(ACFM)
b. Compute tg
(Note: Output is in the format
HH.MMSS; i.e., hours, minutes.
seconds. Insert optional R/S for
output in decimal minutes.)
Compute t'g, given the mg loading
a. Store variables
(ACFM)
b. Compute t'
(Note: same output format as 2b.)
Convert Ibs •> grains
DATA
G
Ql
G'
Ql
Ibs
KEYS
aim
an
GTQ] I 3 71
[STO] m
nni i
LZDdD
CD CD
cun
CULZD
LZDCZl
EE3QH
(jSTpJ LS J
mi i
CHLZI]
rni i
DISPLAY
^
t(9
9r
-------
46 APol-13
IMPACTOR FLOW RATE, SAMPLE VOLUME, MASS LOADING
0.,, V, G APol-13 I
Q. V G in. Hg 1
^•••^^^••dbi^^M^MMMi^b^Mwd—^
The average flow rate through the gas meter (Qm), meter conditions is given by:
Qm = vm/t
where
Qm = average flow rate through the gas meter, meter conditions, ft3/min, (i.e., ACFM)
Vm = measured volume, ft3
t = run time, minutes
The average actual flow rate through the impactor, (Qi)avg> stack conditions, is given by:
,ni n
(Ql)avg-Qm|_ PS J|_TmU-Bw)
where
(Ql)avg = average actual flow rate through the impactor, as determined by the
gas meter measurement, stack conditions, ft3/rmn
= ambient pressure, absolute, in. Hg
Ps = stack pressure, absolute given by Ps = Pt>ar + APS/13.6
where APS is the stack to ambient pressure differential, in. H2O
Ts = temperature of the stack gas, absolute, °R
Tm = temperature of the metered gas, °R
Bwo = volumetric fraction of water, dimensionless
APm = meter to ambient pressure differential, in. Hg, at the inlet to the gas meter
given by:
APm = APsy + (AH/13.6)
where
APsy = ambient to system pressure differential at a point immediately upstream
of the orifice, inches Hg
AH = pressure drop across the orifice, inches H2O
(Note: The above equation for APm is for an equipment set-up such that the gas meter is
immediately downstream from the orifice.)
-------
APol-13 47
Correspondingly, the actual volume, (Vi)avg through the impactor (sample volume) at stack
conditions is given by:
(vl>avg = (Ql)avg x t (13-2)
where
(Vj)avg = average actual volume through the impactor, stack conditions, ft3
t = run time, minutes
(Ql)avg is defined by equation (13-1).
This impactor sample volume corrected to normal conditions (68"F, 29.92 in. Hg) is given by:
VN = (Vl)avg [".65 ^ d-Bwo)] (13-3)
where
= (Vj)avg corrected to normal conditions, dry, ft3
(Vj)avg, Ps, Ts, and Bwo are as defined above.
Thus the Mass Loading (Gj^), normal conditions, is given by:
GN = (0.01543) MS/VN
where
= mass loading, normal conditions, dry, grains/ft3 (Le., gr/DNCF)
Ms = mass collected on a given stage when stage loadings are desired; or Ms is
the total mass collected for all stages (plus backup filter) when the total
mass loading is desired, grains
is as defined above.
This same mass loading expressed in terms of stack conditions (wet) is given by:
GA = (0.01543) Ms/(V!)avg
where
GA = mass loading, stack conditions, wet, grains/actual ft3 (Le., gr/ACFJ
(Vj)aVg and Ms are as defined above.
-------
48 APol-13
Note: 1 gr/ft3 = 2.288 gm/m3
Example:
Bwo = 0.05
Ts = 300°F
Pbar = 30.00 in. Hg }
APS = - 13.6 in. H2O /
Tm = 70TF
t = 20 min
Vm = 10 ft3
APsy = 1.6 in. Hg
AH =5.4 in. H2O
For Stage One: Mj = 25 mg
For Total Stage weight:
= 100 mg
Ps= 29.00 in. Hg
- Qm = 0.50 ACFM (meter conditions)
(Qj)avg= 0.73 ACFM (stack conditions)
(Vi)avg = 14.58 ACF (stack conditions)
VN = 9.33 DNCF (normal/standard conditions)
- Stage One Mass Loadings are:
GN = 0.041 gr/DNCF (= 0.095 gm/DNCM)
GA = 0.026 gr/ACF (= 0.061 gm/ACM)
Total Mass Loading is:
GN = 0.17 gr/DNCF (= 0.379 gm/DNCM)
GA = 0.11 gr/ACF (= 0.242 gm/ACM)
-------
APol-13 49
LINE
1
2
3
4
INSTRUCTIONS
Load program card
Store variables
<°F)
(Ps = pbar ± APS/13.6)
<°F)
Load variables and compute
a. Load variables and compute
Q's and V's
b. Compute mass loading
a. To convert gr/ft3 -> gm/m3
b. To convert in. H2O to in. Hg
DATA
BWO
Ts
PS
Tm
pbar
t
vm
Apsys
AH
Ms
gr/ft3
2.288
in. H,0
KEYS
I
rsTOirn
r^oirn
fsroir^i
rsToirn
| STO] | 5 |
cm CD
aa
rni j
PHI 1
r~ni i
mi i
Fa/ill 1
HHsni"!
r^ni i
\~r\\ I
fR/sll 1
mi i
mi i
mi i
1=3 ED
an
i ii i
ad]
aim
aa
i 11 i
aa
ai a
aa
aa
DISPLAY
Qm
avg
VN
GN
GA
gm/m3
in. Hg
-------
50 APol-14
IMPACTOR STAGE Dso
IMPACTOR Dso APol-14
/^ IMPAC"
I _Star^«
For a given geometry, the impactor stage Dso outpoints are determined by the conditions at which
the impactor is run. The stage D5 0 's can be calculated by an iterative solution of the following
two equations (14-1) and (14-2):
#S:DS0. =
v;
where
#S:DSO- = the ith iteration for the D50 for Stage #S, cm
Ks = the stage constant, a function of geometry, (see also Tables (14-1)
through (14-5) and equations (14-5)and (14-6))
Ps = local absolute pressure downstream of the stage jet, inches Hg
Q = impactor flow rate, cm3 /sec
PA = absolute pressure at impactor inlet, inches Hg
Pp = particle density, gm/cm3
P = gas viscosity, gm/cm-sec given by:*
M = (J74.4 + 0.406 T) x 10~6
where
T = gas temperature, °C
Cj_ i = slip correction factor, i-1 iteration
An initial guess, Co, is used for Dso p subsequent Cj, using D5o-, are given by:
[
1.23 + 0.41 EXP (-.44 ~
L
where
DSOJ = #S:D50j given by equation (14-1) using the previously calculated value
for Cj_ i (for i =£ 1 and Co for i = 1)
L = mean free path of the gas, cm, given by:*
L = 1.04 -1 +0.00367T
where
(14_3)
&
Ai, Ps, and T are the same as in equation (14-1) and T has units of °C.
* For Standard Air only, 0" to 410°C; maximum error, 2%.
-------
APol-14 51
An initial value, Co, is chosen for use in equation (14-1) for i = 1 then subsequent calculations for
Dsoi use GJ_I. A closeness criterion is used to determine when DSOJ has adequately approached
the Dso- This criterion is satisfied when:
< 0.001
(14-4)
The impactor stage constant Ks is a function of geometry. For round holes, KSRQ is given by:
K
SRO =
187T Ds3 Xs
(14-5)
where
0 = square root of the Stokes number at 50% collection efficiency (theoretical,
or from calibration data), for stage s, dimensionless1
Xs= number of jets per stage
Ds = jet diameter, cm
The impactor stage constant for rectangular slits is given by:
(14-6)
where
Mote:
w
L
square root of the Stokes number at 50% collection efficiency (theoretical,
or from calibration data) for stage s, dimensionless
width of slit
total length of slit or slits on stage s
Tables 14-1 through 14-5 give tabulated typical stage constants, Ks, for five commercially
available cascade impactors. These values were obtained by using equation (14-5), or
(14-6) and the calibration values of v^To- for each stage. When a different geometry
is used the value for ^/^> 5 0 should be recalibrated for the new geometry.
1.00 jum = 10"
cm
• Aerodynamic diameter stage cut point as defined by the Task Group on Lung Dynamics2
is calculated by setting the particle density in equation 14-1 equal to unity
• Impaction aerodynamic diameter stage cut points as defined by Mercer and Stafford3 are
calculated by setting the slip correction factor and particle density both equal to unity in
equation 14-1. Calculation of these diameters cannot be made using this program
(APol-14).
-------
52 APol-14
Reference: l.Cushing, K. M., G. E. Lacey, J. D. McCain, and W. B. Smith. Particle Sizing
Techniques for Control Device Evaluation. Environmental Protection Agency.
Southern Research Institute. Washington, D. C. Environmental Protection Tech
Series No. EPA-600/2-76-280. 1976. p. 94.
2. Task Group on Lung Dynamics, "Deposition and Retention Models for Internal
Dosemetry of the Human Respiratory Tract", Health Physics, Vol. 12. 1966
pp. 173-203.
3. Mercer, T.T., Stafford, R.G. "Impaction from Round Jets". Ann. Occupational
Hygiene. Vol.12. 1969. pp. 41-48.
Example No. 1: Using Standard Air as the carrier gas;
(p and L are automatically calculated)
174.4
0.406
T = 22°C 1
Q = 236 cm3 /sec
PA = 30.00 in. Hg
Pp = 1.35 gm/cm3 2
For Stage 1:
0.00367
K, = 1.208
P2 = 30.00 in. Hg -»- #1:DSO = 9.08 x 10'4 cm
For Stage 2:
0.00367
K2 = 1.074
P2 = 30.00 in. Hg -*- #2:D50 = 8.07 x 10'4 cm
For Stage 8:
0.00367
K8 = 0.0544
P8 = 28.50 in. Hg — #8:DSO = 3.23 x 10'5 cm
-------
APol-14 53
Using Standard Air as the carrier gas: (ju and L are automatically calculated)
LINE
INSTRUCTIONS
Load program card
a. Store variables
b. Compute Stage D$Q
(Do s = 1 -*• N for N stages)
DATA
174.4
0.406
0.00367
KEYS
i i
i i
Example No. 2: Using carrier gases other than Standard Air:
(H and L are entered manually)
L = 3.40 x 10'6 cm
j; = 9.15 x 1(TS gm/sec-cm
DISPLAY
#S:DSO
Q
PA
PP
For Stage 1:
1.5
K,
PI
For Stage 2:
1.5
K2
P2
• • •
For Stage 8:
1.5
236 cm3/sec
30 in. Hg
1.35 gm/cm3
1.208
30.00 in Hg
1.074
30.00 in Hg
= 0.0544
= 28.50 in. Hg
#1:DSO = 6.43 x 10'4 cm
#2:DSO = 5.71 x 10'4 cm
#8: Dso = 2.45 x lO'5 cm
-------
54 APol-14
manually)
Andersen ^
LINE
1
2
INSTRUCTIONS
Load program card
a. Store variable*
(cm)
b. Compute Stage D50
(Do » - 1 -»• N for N Stages)
DATA
L
H
Q
PA
"P
1.5
K»
p,
KEYS
CUCZ)
acz
[ STO| | 1 |
| STO| L3 |
I til I
I xll |
I x || |
I STO| I J |
on
I STO| | 2 |
i STO] r 8 ti
I STO| | 4 |
l_GTOJ|_9j
|R/s||
dark III Stack Sampler
Andersen 2000, Inc.
Atlanta, Georgia
30320
Jet
Stage No. No. of Diameter V*7~o Ks
Jets (cm)
L
DISPLAY
#S:DSO
1 264 .1638 .311 1.26
2 264 .1253 .431 1.165
3 264 .0948 .411 0.731
4 264 .0759 .391 0.498
5 264 .0567 .330 0.272
6 264 .0359 .370 0.154
7 264 .0261 .330 0.0850
8 156 .0251 .280 0.0523
Table 14-1
-------
APol-14 55
Modified Brink Model BMS-11 Cascade Impactor
Monsanto Enviro-Chem Systems, Inc.
St. Louis, Missouri 63166
Stage No.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
No. of
Jets
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Jet
Diameter
(cm)
.360
.244
.176
.138
.093
.073
.057
V*7o
Glass Fiber
.30
.32
.27
.29
.38
.41
.27
Ks
Glass Fiber
.244
.145
.0750
.0559
.0405
.0304
.0138
\/*77
Grease
.32
.35
.38
.34
.26
.33
.27
Ks
Grease
.260
.159
.106
.0655
.0277
.0245
.0138
Table 14-2
University of Washington Source Test Cascade Impactor
Pollution Control Systems, Inc.
Renton, Washington 98055
Jet Diameter
Stage No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
No. of Jets
1
6
12
90
110
110
90
(cm)
1.824
.577
.250
.0808
.0524
.0333
.0245
V^so
.12
.31
.29
.21
.37
.35
.30
Ks
1.11
1.25
0.472
0.172
0.175
0.0839
0.0410
Table 14-3
-------
56 APol-14
MRI Model 1502 Inertial Cascade Impactor
Meterology Research, Inc.
Altadena, California 91001
Stage No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
No. of Jets
8
12
24
24
24
24
12
Jet Diameter
(cm)
.870
.476
.205
.118
.084
.052
.052
so
.11
.25
.35
.34
.29
.35
.40
Table 14-4
Sierra Model 226 Source Sampler
Sierra Instruments, Inc.
Carmel Valley, California 93924
Stage No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
Jet Slit
Width
(cm)
.359
.199
.115
.063
.036
.029
Jet Slit
Length
(cm)
5.156
5.152
3.882
3.844
3.869
2.301
V*To
.33
.42
.65
.49
.42
.43
Ks
1.14
0.805
0.625
0.257
0.126
0.0803
Table 14-5
-------
APol-15 57
^CALCULATION - ROUND JETS
ROUND JETS
Start
TS APol-15 I
. . .V*j . |
The square root of the Stokes number, y^F, for an impactor stage is a function of geometry and
particle size. For a round hole geometry, this number is given by:
07 x io~2 (Q PP PA) cj
MPS (DC3X)
where
•y/^Fj = square root of the Stokes number for this stage for a particle having
diameter Dp., dimensionless
Dp. = particle diameter (note: spherical particles are assumed), cm
Ps = local absolute pressure downstream of the stage jet, inches Hg
Q = impactor flow rate, cm3/sec
?A = absolute pressure at impactor inlet, inches Hg
pp = particle density, gm/cm3
Dc = jet diameter, cm
X = number of jets for this stage
7.07 x 10'2 = 4/18^, a constant
ju = gas viscosity, gm/sec-cm, given by:*
H = (174.4 + 0.406 T) x 10'6
where
T = gas temperature, °C
C; = slip correction factor for this particle diameter is given by:
2L I
Dp" |_l-23+0.<
|Dn.
1.23 +0.41 EXP (-.44
where
I
L" = mean free path of the gas, cm, given by:'
Dp. = particle diameter, cm
L = 1.04 -£- V 1 + 0.00367T
where
H, Ps, and T are the same as in equation (15-1) and T has units of °C.
* For Standard Air only, 0° to 410°C; maximum error, 2%.
(15-2)
-------
58 APol-15
Reference: • Ranz, W. E., and J. B. Wong, "Impaction of Dust and Smoke Particles."
Ind. Eng. Chem., 44:1371-1381, June 1952.
• Cushing, K. M., G. E. Lacey, J. D. McCain, and W. B. Smith. Particulate
Sizing Techniques for Control Device Evaluation. Environmental Protection
Agency. Southern Research Institute. Washington, D. C. Environmental
Protection Tech. Series No. EPA-600/2-76-280. 1976. 94p.
Example No. 1: Using Standard Air as the carrier gas:
(n and L are automatically calculated)
X = 264 holes
Dc = 0.0353 cm
Ps = 29.00 in. Hg 1
174.4
0.406
T = 20°C 2
Q = 236 cm3 /sec
PA = 30.00 in. Hg
Pp = 1.35gm/cm3 3
Dpj = 1 jrni -*- v^Fj" = 0.358, dimensionless
Dp2 = 5 Mm -*~ N/^2 = 1-69, dimensionless
Using Standard Air as the carrier gas: (M and L are automatically calculated)
LINE
INSTRUCTIONS
Load program card
a. Store variables and compute \rfcj
b. Compute
(Doj - 1, N for N different particle
diameters)
DATA
174.4
0.406
KEYS
EHCH
r ..... i
_ i
_ i
1 __ 1
DISPLAY
-------
APol-15 59
Example No. 2: Using carrier gases other than Standard Air:
(/u and L are entered manually)
/i = 9.15 x 10"5 gm/sec-cm
L = 3.40 x ID'6 cm
Q =236 cm3 /sec
PA = 30.00 in. Hg
Pp = 1.35 gm/cm3
X * 264 holes
Dc = 0.0353 cm
Ps = 29.0 in. Hg 1
D
Pi
= 1
.0001
RCL4
, = 4
.0001
RCL4
= 0-487, dimensionless
= 1 -89, dimensionless
Using carrier gases other than Standard Air: (/i and L are entered manually)
LINE
INSTRUCTIONS
DATA
KEYS
DISPLAY
Load program card
LZDLZ:
a. Store variables
b. Compute
.0001
(Do j - 1, N for N different
particle diameters)
nntm
-------
60 APol-16
CALCULATION - RECTANGULAR SLOTS
f^ V/T SLOTS APol-16 I
[\ Start. . , .V^T. j
The square root of the Stokes number, y^*", for an impactor stage is a function of geometry
and particle size. For a rectangular slot geometry, this number is given by:
Q.0556 (Q PP PA) Cj
MPS (w20 (16-1)
where
\/Wj = square root of the Stokes number for this stage for a particle with
diameter Dp., dimensionless
Dp. = particle diameter (note: spherical particles are assumed), cm
Ps = local absolute pressure downstream of the stage jet, inches Hg
Q = impactor flow rate, cm3/sec
pp = particle density, gm/cm3
PA = absolute pressure at impactor inlet, inches Hg
w = width of the slot
S. = total slot length
0.0556 = 1/18, a constant
m = gas viscosity, gm/cm-sec, given by:*
li = (114A + 0.406 T) x 10~6
where
T = gas temperature, °C
Cj = slip correction factor for this particle diameter as given by:
(~'44 L
where
Dp. = particle diameter, cm
L = mean free path of the gas, cm, given by:*
L = 1.04 -j- >/ 1 + 0.00367 T (]6
where
li, Ps, and T are the same as in equation (16-1), and T has units of °C
* For Standard Air only, 0° to 410°C; maximum error, 2%.
-------
APol-16 61
Reference: • Ranz, W. E. and J. B. Wong. "Impaction of Dust and Smoke Particles." Ind. Eng.
Chem.. 44:1371-1381, June 1952.
• Gushing, K. M., G. E. Lacey, J. D, McCain, and W. B. Smith. Particulate Sizing
Techniques for Control Device Evaluation. Environmental Protection Agency.
Southern Rese?rch Institute. Washington, D. C. Environmental Protection Tech.
Series No. EPA-600/2-76-280. 1976. 94 p.
Example No. 1: Using Standard Air as the carrier gas:
(H and L are automatically calculated)
g = 3.912 cm
w = 0.036 cm
Ps = 29.0 in. Hg 1
174.4
0.406
T = 20T 2
Q = 236 cm3/sec
PA = 30.00 in. Hg
Pp = 1.35 gm/cm3 3
Mm _.
DPi ~
= 5
= 0.481, dimensionless
= 2.26, dimensionless
Using Standard Air as the carrier gas: (ju and L are automatically calculated)
LINE
INSTRUCTIONS
Load program card
a. Store variables and compute
b. Compute
(/um)
(Do j - 1 -* N for N different
particle diameters)
DATA
174.4
0.406
KEYS
CU
LZDCZD
DISPLAY
-------
62 APol-16
Example No. 2: Using carrier gases other than Standard Air:
(n and L are entered manually)
H = 9.15 x 10"5 gm/sec-cm
L = 3.40 x 10'6 cm
Q = 236 cm3 /sec
PA = 30.00 in. Hg
pp = 1.35 gm/cm3
B = 3.912 cm
w = 0.036 cm
Ps = 29.0 in. Hg 1
Dpl = 1 /um
.0001
RCL 4
DP2=4
.0001
RCL 4
v/^T = 0-654, dimensionless
= 2.54, dimensionless
Using carrier gases other than Standard Air: (/u and L are entered manually)
LINE
INSTRUCTIONS
DATA
KEYS
DISPLAY
Load program card
LHHZD
a. Store variables
b. Compute y^i
1 _ i
.0001
(Do j - 1, N for N different
particle diameters)
-------
APol-17 63
CUMULATIVE CONCENTRATION vs. D5Q
AND
AM/AlogD vs. GEOMETRIC MEAN DIAMETER
Dj, cum , GMD, A
l? |
I
The cumulative concentration for stage index number i (cj>cum) is defined to be the sum of the
concentrations for all stages having a D5 0 smaller than the D5 0 for stage index number i. Thus
for an impactor having a cyclone, six stages, and a backup filter (where the stage index numbers
are assigned such that the D5 0 's are decreasing for increasing index numbers, i.e., Dj+1< Dj) the
cumulative concentration for stage index number five (c5)CUm) is the sum of the concentrations
for stage index numbers eight, seven, and six (i.e., cg + c7 + c6 ). This is expressed by the following:
cj,cum = *-^ ci
1 = N+j-i (17-1)
where
cj curn = cumulative concentration of all particles having diameter smaller than the
D5 o for stage index number j
Cj = mass concentration (mass per unit volume) for stage index number i
N = total number of stage index numbers where stage number N has the
smallest Ds 0
A cumulative concentration curve plots cumulative concentration against the Ds 0 for the index
number (i.e., Cj)Cum vs. Dj).
The differential of a cumulative mass curve is given by:
-•'-- (i7.2)
where
(AM/AlogD)j = differential of the cumulative mass curve for the size band (Dj.j , Dj)
Dj = Ds o for stage index number i
Dj_! = Ds o for stage index number i-1 (Dj.t>D[)
Cj = mass concentration for stage index number i, given by:
cj= mi/VT (17-3)
-------
64 APol-17
where
VT =
stage weight for stage index number i
total volume of gas sampled through the impactor, as given in APol-13
Choice of units for Vj (i.e., stack conditions, wet; engineering standard conditions, dry; etc.)
and mi (i.e., mg, grams, grains, etc.) determine the units for (AM/AlogD^ and Cj)Cum (i.e., mg/ACM,
mg/DSCM, etc.).
The geometric mean diameter, GMDj, is given by:
GMDj = VDi * Di-i
A AM/AlogD curve plots (AM/AlogD)j against GMDj.
(17-4)
NOTE: • Choice of units for Vj and mj determine the units of (AM/AlogD)j and Cj;Cum
• By convention, a minimum diameter for the filter catch is usually assigned a
value of one half that of the Ds 0 for the last stage of the impactor.
• For i = 1, DJ.J is taken to be the maximum particle diameter as determined by
microscopic examination of the particles collected on the first stage (or cyclone
when used).
• 1.00 Ib = 7,000 grains
• 1.00 gm = 2.505 x 10'3 Ibs
• 1.00 m3 = 103 liters = 35.31 ft3
• 1.00 mg/m3 =4.371 x 10'2 gr/ft3 = 6.242 x 10'8 lb/ft3
EXAMPLE:
For a six stage impactor, with cyclone, Dso's and stage weights are as follow:
STAGE
ID
Cyclone
SO
SI
S2
S3
S4
S5
Filter
* maximum particle diameter
** by convention; D50 = 1A D7
INDEX
No.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
D50
(Mm)
55*
9.00
6.60
3.73
2.20
1.52
0.79
0.55
0.28**
STAGE WEIGHT
(mg)
1.13
0.63
0.21
0.20
0.49
3.38
2.04
0.45
Vj = 0.40 ft3, dry, standard conditions
-------
APot-17 65
1. Load Card
2. Store variables:
Vj = 0.40 DSCF (from equation (13-2))
N = 8
D8 = 0.28 Mm
m8 = 0.45 mg
("A" converts V-p to m3 for use in step 3)
3. For Stage Index No. 8 (i.e., Filter):
0.000 STO 7
D7 = 0.55 Mm
m7 = 2.04 mg
"B" -*- i = 8
D8= 0.28 Mm
C8,cum= °-°° mg/DSCM
GMD8 = 0.39 /urn
(AM/AlogD)8 = 1.35 x 102 mg/DSCM
For Stage Index No. 7:
D6 = 0.79 Mm
m6 = 3.38 mg
"B" -»- i = 7
D7 = 0.55 Mm
C7,cum= 3-97x 1Q1 mg/DSCM
GMD7 = 0.66 Mm
(AM/AlogD)7 = 1.15 x 103 mg/DSCM
•
For Stage Index No. 1 :
DO =
m0 = 55***
"B" -*•
D,= 9.00
c1>cum= 6.53 x 102 mg/DSCM
GMD, = 22.25 Mm
(AM/AlogD), = 1.27x 102 mg/DSCM
*** The value used for mo is arbitrary since this entry is only used to position the stack
that D0 will be correctly stored.
so
-------
66 APol-17
For Stage Index No. 0:
D0 = 0.00
m0 = 0.00
"B" -*-
i = 0
D0 = 55
co> cum= 7.53 x 102
Tabulated Results
Stage
ID
Cyclone
SO
SI
S2
S3
S4
S5
Filter
Index
No.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Size
(Mm)
55
9.00
6.60
3.73
2.20
1.52
0.79
0.55
0.28*
Cum. Cone.
(mg/DSCM)
7.53 x 102
6.53 x 102
5.98 x 102
5.79 x 102
5.61 x JO2
5.18 x 102
2.20 x 102
3.97 x 101
—
GMD
(Mm)
22.25
7.71
4.96
2.86
1.83
1.10
0.66
0.39*
AM/AlogD
(mg/DSCM)
1.27 x 102
4.13 x 102
7.48 x 101
7.70 x 101
2.69 x 102
1.05 x 103
1.15 x 103
1.35 x 102*
* values are somewhat arbitrary and may not be meaningful.
4,5,6 unit conversions:
0.40 ft3 = 1.13 x ID'2 m3
5.50 mg/DSCM = 2.40 gr/DSCF
( = 3.43 x 10-4 Ib/DSCF)
-------
APol-17 67
LINE
INSTRUCTIONS
DATA
KEYS
DISPLAY
Load program r.ard
aim
Store variables
(DSCF)
i _ i
(mg)
0.00
CD CH
Compute values for Stage Index No. i
a. Initalize
(VT)
(For arbitrary input units, do not
(N)
use Line 2, store manually.
-------
68 APol-18
SECTION IV
MEAN, STD. DEVIATION, 90/95% CONFIDENCE INTERVALS. MEAN ± Cl
fa x, a. UCL, LCL APol-18 J
[ . S+ . x. g . ci . CLR , Ir m ]
The mean (x) for a set of N numbers, |xj|, is given by:
(2 xi)
x =
N (18-1)
The standard deviation (a) for this set of numbers is given by:
a = V X/(N-1) (18-2)
where
2
X = (Sxi2)- N(x)
The relative standard deviation is given by:
RSD = O/K (18-3)
The 90% (or 95%, depending on our choice of c\, 02, & 03) confidence interval (CI) is
approximated by:
CI = T(a/VN)
= [cj + c2(N-l)C3] (0/V/5T) (18-4)
where
c], C2, and 03 are constants for N ^ 3:
For the 90% CI; ci = 1.645, C2 = 2.605, 03 = -1.186
For the 95% CI; ci = 1.960, c2 = 5.550, 03 = -1.346
The lower confidence limit (LCL) is given by:
LCL = x - CI
The upper confidence limit (UCL) is given by:
UCL = x +CI
-------
APol-18 69
Note: • Units are determined by the choice of units for|xj[
• For N = 2 or 3, T has the following value:
90% C\: N = 2, T = 6.314; N = 3, T = 2.920
95% CI: N = 2, T= 12.71; N = 3,1 = 4.303
Reference: Dixon, W. J., and F. J. Massey, Jr. Introduction to Statistical Analysis. Second ed.
New York, McGraw-Hill, 1957. p. 127, 128, 384.
Example:
Given the following set of 4 numbers:
xj = 0.395 ^
x2 = 0.384
x3 = 0.383
X4 = 0.385 J
N
x"
a
a/K
4
3.87 x 10-»
5.56 x 10~3
1.44 x 10~2 (i.e., 1.44%)
For 90% CI:
CI = 6.54 x 10'3
LCL= 3.80 x 10-1
UCL= 3.93 x 10'1
For 95% CI:
CI = 8.97 x 10~3
LCL= 3.78 x lO'1
UCL= 3.96 x 10~'
If xj (i.e., xi = 0.395) is eliminated from the set; N = 3
x = 3.84 x 10"1
a = 1.00 x 10-3
a/x = 2.60 x 10'3 (i.e., 0.260%)
95% CI= 2.39 x 10'3
-------
70 APol-18
LINE
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
INSTRUCTIONS
Load program card
Initialize
Load constants
a. For 90% confidence Interval
or
b. For 95% confidence i nterval
Enter data Points Xjj i = 1, N
(to correct for erroneous Xj)
a. Compute the mean
b. Compute the standard deviation
c. Compute the relative standard dev.
d. Compute the confidence interval
e. Compute the lower confidence limit
f. Compute the upper confidence limit
To determine the effect of omitting a
point x: from the data set:
then proceed to Line 6 above.
For a new data set, clear £ + registers,
then proceed to Line 4 above.
DATA
1.645
2.605
-1.186
1.960
5.550
-1.346
Xj
xi
XJ
KEYS
a a
r^ir i
on
|STO [ 1 ]
[STOJ [ 2 ]
fsfoirT"!
CD CD
fsroim
[STCT] | 2 I
ISTO | | 3 |
I AH I I
i E i r~i
i B i r~n
|R/s"H |
f"/s~in
rc~ii i
fR7s"ir~i
fR/rii i
CULZI1
|~i~|| 1
CULHI
I~H~II i
cmcz]
DISPLAY
0.00
i
i
X
a
a/i"
Cl
LCL
UCL
N'
0.00
-------
APol-19 71
RESISTIVITY AND ELECTRIC FIELD STRENGTH
/^ Resistivity & EAPol—19 |
I . P . . . . - E - I
For a point plane resistivity probe, the resistivity, (p) of a layer of fly ash collected on the probe
is given by:
V A
P I L (19-1)
where
V = voltage across the layer of fly ash, volts
I = current through the layer of fly ash, amps
A = area of the layer of fly ash, cm2
L = thickness of the layer of fly ash, cm
The electric field strength (E) is given by:
F - .
* L (19-2)
Example:
A = 5.00 cm2
L = 0.100 cm . .
V = 1,000 volts
I = 0.00100 amps
-*" p = 5.00 x 10"7 ohm-cm
E = 1 x 104 volts/cm
-------
72 APol-19
LINE
1
2
3
4
INSTRUCTIONS
Load program card
Store variables
a. Load stack and compute p and E
b. Compute E
To calculate E only
DATA
A
L
V
I
V
L
KEYS
CD EH
LSTO | 1
S3 CO
mi i
fTII I
[wT\\ 1
rni i
mi i
DISPLAY
P
E
B
-------
APol-20 73
CHANNEL CONCENTRATIONS FOR THE KLD DROPLET MEASURING
DEVICE (1-600 urn). DC-1
• CHANNEL CONC.:DC-1 APol-20 I
'm STO m STO , n; m \
As described in EPA-650/2-75-018, Environmental Protection Technology Series, "Design,
Development, and Field Test of A Droplet Measuring Device," the droplet concentration, n{
for each of the six channels is given by the following:
"i = V t C (2Dj + d) (i = 1>6) (20-1)
where
nj = droplet concentration for the im channel, droplets/cm3
Nj = total number of droplets counted In the itn channel
V = flow velocity, cm/sec
t = time interval, sec
C = sensor length, cm
DJ = average droplet diameter for the i^1 channel, cm
d = sensor wire diameter, 5 x 10~4 cm
Example:
Channel No. 1
D! = 1.40 x 10~4 cm
Nj = 505
t = 130 sec
V = 311 cm/sec
g = 0.10 cm
d = 5 x 10~4 cm
A, B, R/S, C -*- ni =160 droplets/cm3
Channel No. 2
D2= 2.15 x 10-4 cm
N2= 290
A, C -*- n2 =77 droplets/cm3
-------
74 APol-20
LINE
1
2
3
INSTRUCTIONS
Load program card
a. Store channel variables
b. (sec)
Compute channel concentration, rij
(Do i = 1,6)
(Note: For successive channels. Line 2b
can be eliminated)
DATA
D{
Ni
t
V
K
d
(D,)
(N;l
(t)
(V)
M
(d)
KEYS
EDCH
nin
nni i
0:0
nni i
rni i
Infill 1
fsToirn
rs^irn
iTfoirn
fSTO] | 4 |
[STO| (_ 5 |
rsToirrn
fcni i
1=3 tZ]
LZDCH
DISPLAY
1
2
3
ni
-------
APol-21 75
AEROTHERM HIGH VOLUME STACK SAMPLER
STACK VELOCITY, NOZZLE DIAMETER, ISOKINETIC AH
21 j
J
^ AEROTHERM, AH APol-v
^ STO V,D m AH ,
As detailed in the operation manual for the Aerotherm High Volume Stack Sampler, the stack
velocity (as given by the Type S pitot) is given by:
lvls (21-1)
where
Vs = point velocity of stack gas, m/sec
Cp = pitot tube coefficient, dimensionless
Ap = velocity head of the stack gas for the pitot at this point, (pitot Ap), cm H2O
Ts = absolute stack gas temperature at this point, °K
Ms = molecular weight of stack gas (wet basis), gm/gm-mole
K' = an intermediate value, given by:
K' = 34.96
sec ^ gm-mole-K
Ps = pressure of the stack gas, absolute, cm Hg
For PS = 75 cm Hg (29.53 inches Hg), K' has the value 4.037
When the velocity is known and a desired flow rate chosen, the appropriate nozzle can be
selected from the following:
= 0.461 4/ w p T ™ m—
\ Vs Bd Tm (Ps/Pm) (21.3)
where
correct nozzle diameter for obtaining the desired isokinetic flow rate, cm
10
60 x
4 I y' / m/sec \%
103 J cm^17n^r:J
-------
76 APo(-21
Qm = the desired flow rate, meter conditions, 1/min
Tm = absolute meter temperature, °K
Ps/Pm = ratio of absolute stack pressure and absolute pressure at the meter
B
-------
APol-21 77
Step 4 Using DM' and the extremes of the data set {(Apj, Tj); i = 1,N)}, select one
orifice (from among those available) for which good AHj values (greater than 1.27
cm) can be obtained at all traverse points.
Step 5 Having selected DN' and one orifice (JDO2), obtain the run data, (AHj, Apj), for
each traverse point by using equation (21-4).
Note: • This program assumes that the stack pressure (Ps) is 75.0 cm Hg and uses the
corresponding value for K' as program steps. For stack pressures greatly different
from 75.0 cm Hg, K' should be recalculated from equation (21-2) and the corres-
ponding value entered as program steps in place of the assumed value 4.037.
• 1.00 inch= 2.540 cm
• 1.00 foot= 0.3048 m
Example:
Given the following set of traverse data, select a nozzle diameter and orifice, then calculate
(AHi; API) run data:
Traverse Point
Port
A
B
Data
Apj(cmH2O)
TSj('C)
Api(cmH2O)
TsjCC)
1
9.50
147
9.65
146
2
10.15
149
9.85
148
3
9.75
147
9.75
147
4
9.60
146
9.70
147
5
9.45
146
9.45
147
6
9.25
145
9.30
145
Available nozzles: 1/4 inch (0.6350 cm); 3/8 inch (0.9525 cm);
1/2 inch (1.270 cm); 9/16 inch (1.429 cm);
5/8 inch (1.588 cm)
Available orifices:
J, = 0.690
D, = 0.480 cm
(JD02),= 0.159cm2
J2
D2
(JD02)2
0.770 J3
0.716 cm D3
0.395 cm2 (JD02)3
= 1.00
= 0.905
= 0.819 cm2
-------
78 APol-21
Selecting DN' Based on Maximum Vs:
Max TS]c = 149°C
(JD02), = 0.159 cm2 (first guess)
Ps/Pm = 0.9993; (Ps = 75.95 cm Hg, Pm = 76.00 cm Hg; using K' = 4.037)
Cp = 0.85
Bd = 0.80
M,j = 29.00 gm/gm-mole
Tm = 37.8'C
Ms = 26.80 gm/gm-mole
Max Apk = 10.15cm H2O
-»- Max Vs = 4.34 x 101 m/sec
Qm =113 1/min
-»- DN = 9.67 x 10-J cm
Thus we would select DN' = 0.9525 cm (STO 3)
Selecting JDO2 For Best AH, Given
For Maximum AH:
(JD02)i = (already stored in No. 2)
Ts, = (already stored in No. 8)
Max Apk = 10.15 cm H2O
"C"-*~AHk = 1.22 x 102 cmH20
AH is too high thus we will try a different orifice, (JDO2)
(JD02)3 = 0.819 cm2(STO 2)
TS]( = (already stored in No. 8)
Max Apk= 10.15 cm H2O
"C"-*-AHk = 4.59 cm H2O
-------
APol-21 79
For minimum AH:
(JD02)3= (already stored in No. 2)
TSj = 145°C ("A")
min APJ = 9.25 cm H2O
AHj = 4.22 cm H2O
Thus we would select (JDO2)3 as our orifice.
Computing Run Data:
For Port A ;
TS1 = 14TC ("A")
Ap, = 9.50 cm H2O
'C"—~AH, = 4.31 cmH20
T =
Ap2 =
Ts3 =
AP3 =
Port
Port
149°C (R/S)
10.15 cm H2O
147°C(R/S)
9.75 cm H20
A
B
R/S-*-.
R/S-*-,
Tabulated AHj
1 2
4.31 4.59
4.39 4.46
^H2 = 4.59 cm H2O
AH3 = 4.43 cm H2O
(cm H2O):
345
4.43 4.37 4.30
4,43 4.40 4.29
6
4.22
4.24
LINE
1
2
INSTRUCTIONS
a. Load program card
b. Enter, as program steps, the correct
value for K' from equation (21-2).
Store variables (°c|
DATA
T.
V
P,/Pm
CP
Bd
Md
KEYS
r~i
L_J
LZDLZ:
r Ai
1
r^ni i
nnr~~i
| R/S j
CZD
nni i
TTII i
DISPLAY
1
2
-------
80 APol-21
LINE
3
INSTRUCTIONS
('«
a. Calculate stack velocity
(cm H2O)
b. Calculate nozzle size
c. Select the next smaller available
nozzle size, Dfj'
d. Compute isokinetic run data
(AHj, APj)
(cm HjO)
e. For subsequent Run Data when all
variables except Ap( and ''"jj are
unchanged (°C)
(cm H2OI
(Note: All storage registers are
protected from overwrite. When
individual variables are stored.
Line 2 may be omitted.)
DATA
Tm
Ms
Qm
DN'
(Bd)
(Md)
IM,)
-------
APol-22 81
FLAME PHOTOMETRIC DETECTOR CALIBRATION BY PERMEATION TUBE TECHNIQUE
1st Cal. m. B
The calibration of a flame photometric detector (FPD) by use of a permeation tube has been
described by R. K. Stephens.1 For a continuous flow of gas over the permeation tube, the con-
centration, in parts per million (ppm), of permeand contained in the carrier gas flowing over the
tube is given by:
u M x L (22-1)
where
C = concentration of permeand transferred to a gas flowing over the permeation
tube, ppm
Pr = permeation rate (from gravimetric determination of weight loss due to
permeation), jzg/min
M = molecular weight of the gas inside the permeation tube, g/g-mole
G = volume per g-mole, as given by the ideal gas law, for this gas at a stated
temperature and pressure, liters/g-mole (G = 24.1 1/g-mole at
20.3°C and one atm)
L = flow rate of the clean dilution air, liters/min
By adjusting the dilution air flow rate (L) one can obtain the desired permeand concentration.
For sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, methyl mercaptan, and carbon disulfide the instrument
response (of the FPD) and the concentration (of the gas) are linear in the natural log, thus:
In C = m x In (Instrument Response) + B ,-- -.,-.
where
In C = natural logarithm of the concentration of the gas, for C in ppm
m = slope of the line as determined by calibration data
B = background value (i.e., y-intercept) as determined by calibration data
Instrument Response = magnitude of the response of the FPD to a certain concentration as
given by the product of the attenuation and scale fraction
(% scale/100%)
Thus the concentration associated with an instrument response is given by:
C = exp | m x In (Instrument Response) + B \
(22-3)
-------
82 APol-22
where
C, m, Instrument Response, and B are as defined above.
For a given instrument the value for "m" and "B" are determined by calibration with a
permeation tube. Equation (22-1) is used to calculate the concentration Cj that gives rise to
an instrument response IRj. By using several concentrations and ploting In Cj vs In IR; the
value of "m" and "B" can be determined from a least squares curve fit. Once "m" and
"B" have been determined from the calibration data, equation (22-3) can be used to calcu-
late unknown concentrations of this gaseous compounds.
Note: R = 0.08205 liter-atm/mole-K°
Reference:
1. Stephens, R. K., A. E. O'Keefe and G. C. Ortman, "Absolute Calibration of a Flame
Photometric Detector to Volatile Sulfur Compounds at Sub-Part-Per-Million Levels".
Environmental Science & Technology, 3, No. 7, pp. 652-55 (1969).
Example:
Calibration Data
S02 Permeation Tube No. 2 Instrument ID No. A96257
Pr = 2
G= 24.1 1/min (20.3°C and 1.00 atm pressure)
M = 64 g/g-mole
(L , Attn , % Scale)
(0.81 1/min, x 10-5,75% )
(6.85 1/min, x ID'7, 100% )
( 10 1/min, x 10-7, 53.6% )
-*- m= 0.503
B = 5.87
Unknown Concentrations
(Attn , % Scale)
(xlO"8,65% ) -—- C= 0.0268 ppm
(xlO-6,90% ) -*- C = 0.321 ppm
-------
APol-22 83
Calibration Data
(when IR is known directly)
Pr= 2 /ig/min
G = 24.1 1/min (20.3°C and 1.00 atm pressure)
M = 64 g/g-mole
( L , 100, IR )
(0.84 1/min, 100, 5.6 x 10"6)
(3.80 1/min, 100, 3.2 x 10~7)
(23.0 1/min, 100, l.Ox 10~8)
-*• m= 0.523
B = 6.21
LINE
1
2
3
INSTRUCTIONS
Load program card
Determine calibration constants m & B
a. Initialize
b. Store permeation tube constants
c. Enter calibration data
• • (when IR is known directly; enter
100 for Attrij and enter the value for
IRj in place of % Scale,)
(Do i - 1, N for N calibration pts)
d. Calculate m and B
Calculate unknown concentrations
(When IR: is known directly; enter
100 for Ann.- and enter the value for
IR: in place of % Scalej)
(Do j - 1, K for K unknowns)
DATA
Pr
G
M
L|
Attnj
% Scale,
(m)
(B)
Attnj
% Scale;
KEYS
CHZD
CD ED
r~r~] 1 REG]
rni i
rni i
PAH i
LJJI 1
rni i
no
rrii i
an
1 c H |
| STO] | 2 ]
f STO] ["a |
rni i
ad]
pair i
i — ii — i
DISPLAY
2
i
m
B
— — ^™
Ci
-------
84 Appendices
SECTION V
APPENDICES
PAGE
A. Entering a Program Card 35
B. Brief Operating Instructions 86
C. Program Listings 37
D- Unit Conversion Table ,115
-------
Entering A Program Card 85
APPENDIX A
ENTERING A PROGRAM CARD
To enter a program card set the W/PRGM-RUN switch to RUN with the OFF-ON switch in
the ON position. Gently insert the card (printed side up) in the right, lower slot. When the card
is part way in the motor engages it and passes it out the left side of the calculator. When the
motor stops, remove the card from the left side of the calculator and insert it in the upper "window
slot" on the right side of the calculator. The program is now stored in the calculator. It remains
stored until another program card is entered, the calculator is turned off, or the W/PRGM-RUN
switch is set in the W/PRGM position and any key (except |SSTl) is pressed. When a program card
is entered with the W/PRGM-RUN switch in the W/PRGM mode, the content of the magnetic card
is overwritten by the program steps in the calculator memory (unless the corner of the card has
been clipped to prevent overwrites). The program in the calculator is unaltered.
-------
86 Brief Operating Instructions
APPENDIX B
BRIEF OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS
The following gives a brief review of operating instructions for the HP-65. For more extensive
instruction the reader is referred to the HP-65 owner's handbook.
Program cards should be entered with the W/PRGM-RUN switch in the RUN position (in the
W/PRGM position the instructions in the machine are written onto the card). The[pSP]and
keys are used to set the display to scientific notation or fixed decimal notation res-
pectively. The negative number "-24" would be entered as follows: [T|, [4], |CHS|, [T]. The
To clear a nurn-
Numbers are
CLX
number "2.4 x 10'6" would be entered as |_2J,L|. L4J, ICHS
ber from the X register (display register) without shifting the stack, use
stored and manipulated in the machine "registers". Each number, no matter how few digits or
how many, occupies one entire register. The displayed X-register, which is the only visible
register, is one of four registers inside the calculator that are positioned to form the automatic
memory stack. We label these registers X, Y, Z, and T. They are "stacked" one on top of
the other with the X-register on the bottom as illustrated below:
Name Register
T
Z
Y
X
A two number function, such as[+], p^], [x], and p7], would perform the specified operation
on the contents of the Y and X registers, thus both numbers must be in the calculator before
the function key is pressed. If the stack were loaded as shown above and the G3 key were
pressed, the contents of the X-register would be subtracted from that of the Y-register.
14
-_3
11
Our new stack would look like this:
T
Z
Y
X
Notice that the 14 and 3 have been replaced by the 11 and the contents of the Z and T dropped
down. The T maintains its old number even though it was dropped down to the Z-register
SUSrA CrrjUlm01]mUCh 3S 4 + 5 (2 X 7 ~ 3) °OUld be Performed from left to righ ~~ '
LLJ> LrJ' LU' L±J> Pj> [2J> \E\' GD> El (a* ^is point the stack is as shown above),
The answer 59.00 is displayed (X-register).
-------
Brief Operating Instructions 87
The above paragraph illustrates manipulations of the 4-register stack. General practice, however,
is to start with the inner-most parentheses first and work outward, thus the above problem
would normally be approached as follows: |T|, ff], [7J, fx], [T| F1, [5], [x], (?), [+] which
requires only 10 key strokes rather than 12.
A program is simply a sequence of keystrokes stored in the calculator and executed automatically
when the operator presses a button (A, B, C, D, E, R/S), the same sequence being repeated each
time one presses the buttons A, B, C, D, E. The bulk of the program steps will be the same keys
one would press manually in RUN mode in order to solve the problem.
In RUN mode the|ssj]key is used to execute the program one step at a time (single step). In
W/PRGM mode this same key is used to review a program one step at a time. For example the
key stroke FR/S] would be represented by the display code | 84 ] because this key is located on
the 8th row 4th column. A merged key stroke such as JRCLJ, [Tl would be represented by the
code [34 07]
The obvious advantage to using a programmable calculator is that for a large number of data sets
we need only program the calculator once. We then enter each data set and push a button to
display the corresponding answer (or whatever sequence of operations the Program Instruction
section specifies), reloading only those values that change from set to set. Having the programs
stored on magnetic cards further simplifies operations in that once the program has been loaded
onto a Program Card, we need only enter this card into the machine. Thus it is possible when
we only have a single set of data to benefit from the programmable capability of the machine
since we need not manually reenter the program (such is not the case with the HP-25).
Do not use a typewriter to label a Program Card; use a pencil, ink pen, or indelible marker such
as a "Sharpie® No. 49". To protect cards from accidental overwrites, clip the left hand corner.
The keys[g]. IDEM are used to remove key strokes from program memory and the key[j]> I NOP|
means simply "do not perform any operations, pass on to the next instruction". In the W/PRGM
mode. [ 00 001 is the top of memory marker and the presence of two dash marks in the display
(ex. r 84-f) indicates the bottom of memory (key stroke No. 100). When all 100 key strokes
have been used a dash mark will light on the right hand margin (ex. [24-\) to indicate "Full
Memory" and remind the user that additional keystroke entries cause some "Instructions" to be
lost from memory. A multiple decimal point display indicates that only two to five minutes of
operation time remain in the battery pack. Blinking lights indicate either the program card did
not read properly (program memory will be cleared, card should be reentered) or an improper
operation was attempted (such as division by zero or taking the square root of a negative number,
etc.). See Figure 2-1 of the HP-65 handbook for a listing of invalid operations. The keys [g],
GO > I RJQ are used to manipulate the contents of the four register stack.
-------
88 Program Listings
APPENDIX C
PROGRAM LISTINGS
-------
METHOD 1
APol-01 89
CODE
23
11
33 03
35 08
33 02
35 08
33 01
34 03
02
81
33 08
33 07
34 01
34 02
02
81
61
33 04
23
01
34 04
15
51
84
35
83
22
01
23
02
01
33
61
08
15
KEYS
LBL
A
STO3
gFU
ST02
gR|
ST01
RCL3
2
-r
ST08
ST07
RCL1
RCL2
2
-r
+
ST04
LBL
1
RCL4
E
—
R/S
g
DSZ
GTO
1
LBL
2
1
STO
+
8
E
CODE
34 04
61
84
34 08
34 07
35 24
22
02
00
24
23
15
34 08
02
71
01
51
34 03
81
31
09
34 02
71
02
81
24
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
KEYS
RCL4
+
R/S
RCL8
RCL7
9 x>y
GTO
2
0
RTN
LBL
E
RCL8
2
X
1
—
RCL3
-r
f
v*~
RCL2
X
2
•7-
RTN
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
CODE
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
KEYS
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
F»1 d
R2 D
R3 K
84 (work)
RB
Re
R?
RB (work)
R9
-------
90 APol-02
METHOD 2
CODE
23
11
81
31
09
71
33 04
84
23
14
35 09
35 09
61
83
02
08
71
35 07
83
04
04
71
61
35 07
83
03
02
71
61
33 06
84
23
12
08
05
KEYS
LBL
A
-f-
f
V/*~
X
ST04
R/S
LBL
D
gRt
gRt
+
*
2
8
X
gx^y
•
4
4
X
+
gx^y
•
3
2
X
+
STO6
R/S
LBL
B
8
5
CODE
83
04
08
33 01
34 02
04
06
00
61
34 05
81
34 07
01
08
71
01
34 07
51
34 06
71
61
81
31
09
34 03
71
34 04
71
34 01
71
33 08
84
23
13
01
KEYS
•
4
8
ST01
RCL2
4
6
0
+
RCL5
•5-
RCL7
1
8
X
1
RCL7
—
RCL6
X
+
T-
f
V/x~
RCL3
X
RCL4
X
RCL1
X
STO8
R/S
LBL
C
1
CODE
07
83
06
05
34 05
71
34 02
04
06
00
61
81
34
09
71
34 08
71
34 07
42
01
61
71
03
06
00
00
71
84
22
12
KEYS
7
*
6
5
RCL5
X
RCL2
4
6
0
+
-r
RCL
9
X
RCL8
X
RCL7
CHS
1
+
X
3
6
0
0
X
R/S
GTO
B
R-, 85.48
R2
(T,)avg
RS avg
R4
CP
RB p.
Re
Md
R?
RS
Bwo
-------
METHOD 3
APol-03 91
CODE
23
11
33 04
35 08
33 03
35 08
33 02
35 08
33 01
03
41
84
23
12
34 03
34 01
83
05
71
51
34 02
83
02
06
04
71
34 03
51
34 01
83
05
71
61
81
43
KEYS
LBL
A
ST04
gFU
STO3
gRl
STO2
gFU
STO1
3
t
R/S
LBL
B
RCL3
RCL1
•
5
X
—
RCL2
•
2
6
4
X
RCL3
—
RCL1
•
5
X
+
-r
EEX
CODE
02
71
84
23
13
34 04
83
04
04
71
34 03
83
03
02
71
61
34 02
34 01
61
83
02
08
71
61
84
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
KEYS
2
X
R/S
LBL
C
RCL4
•
4
4
X
RCL3
•
3
2
X
+
RCL2
RCL1
+
o
2
8
X
+
R/S
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
CODE
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
KEYS
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
R! %co
R2 %N2
R3 %02
R4 %CO2
RB
Re
R?
RB
Rg
-------
92 APol-04
METHOD 4
CODE
23
11
33 02
35 08
33 01
02
84
33 05
35 08
33 04
35 08
33 03
03
41
84
23
12
34 01
34 02
51
83
00
04
07
04
71
33 06
84
23
13
34 03
34 04
71
34 05
04
KEYS
LBL
A
STO2
gR 1
ST01
2
R/S
STO5
gR!
STO4
gFU
ST03
3
t
R/S
LBL
B
RCL1
RCL2
—
•
0
4
7
4
X
STO6
R/S
LBL
C
RCL3
RCL4
X
RCL5
4
CODE
06
00
61
81
01
07
83
06
05
71
33 07
84
23
14
34 06
34 06
34 07
61
81
83
00
02
05
61
33 08
84
22
12
23
15
41
02
08
83
03
KEYS
6
0
+
—•
1
7
•
6
5
X
STO7
R/S
LBL
D
RCL6
RCL6
RCL7
+
-f-
•
0
2
5
+
ST08
R/S
GTO
B
LBL
E
t
2
8
•
3
CODE
02
71
84
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
KEYS
2
X
R/S
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
RI vf
R2 Vj
R3 Vm
R4 Pm
RB Tm
R6 VVYC
R7 vme
R8 Bwo
R9
-------
APol-05 93
METHOD 5
CARD A
CODE
23
11
33 04
35 08
33 03
35 08
33 02
35 08
33 01
01
84
33 06
35 08
33 05
02
84
23
12
34 03
01
03
83
06
81
34 02
61
34 04
04
06
00
61
81
34 01
71
01
KEYS
LBL
A
STO4
gR 1
ST03
gR 1
ST02
gR I
STO1
1
R/S
STO6
gR 1
STO5
2
R/S
LBL
B
RCL3
1
3
•
6
-r
RCL2
+
RCL4
4
6
0
+
•7-
RCL1
X
1
CODE
07
83
06
05
71
33 07
84
34 05
83
00
04
07
02
71
84
41
41
34 07
61
81
84
23
13
34 06
34 07
81
83
00
01
05
04
71
84
23
14
KEYS
7
•
6
5
X
STO7
R/S
RCL5
•
0
4
7
2
X
R/S
t
t •
RCL7
+
-r
R/S
LBL
C
RCL6
RCL7
-r
•
0
1
5
4
X
R/S
LBL
D
CODE
34 06
34 07
81
02
02
00
05
43
42
09
71
84
23
15
34 06
34 07
81
83
00
03
05
02
08
71
84
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
KEYS
RCL6
RCL7
-r
2
2
0
5
EEX
CHS
9
X
R/S
LBL
E
RCL6
RCL7
-r
•
0
3
5
2
8
X
R/S
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
R1 vm
R2
RS
Pbar
AH
R4
Tm
RB v«c
Re
Mn
R?
Vm$td
RS
RS
-------
94 APol-05
METHOD 5
CARD B
CODE
23
11
71
35 07
04
06
00
61
35 07
81
01
83
06
06
07
71
01
84
71
81
33 08
34 03
01
03
83
06
81
34 02
61
34 01
71
34 04
04
06
00
KEYS
LBL
A
X
gx^y
4
6
0
+
gx^y
-r
1
•
6
6
7
X
1
R/S
X
-T-
ST08
RCL3
1
3
•
6
-r
RCL2
+
RCL1
X
RCL4
4
6
0
CODE
61
81
34 05
83
00
00
02
06
07
71
61
34 08
71
84
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
KEYS
+
-f-
RCL5
•
0
0
2
6
7
X
+
RCL8
X
R/S
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
CODE
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
KEYS
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
RI vm
R2 Pbar
R3 AH
R4 Tm
RB v«c
Re
R?
RS (work)
R9
-------
METHOD 6
APol-06 95
CODE
23
11
33 03
35 08
33 02
35 08
33 01
01
84
33 06
35 08
33 05
35 08
33 04
02
84
33 08
35 08
33 07
03
84
23
12
34 01
34 02
71
34 03
04
06
00
61
81
01
07
83
KEYS
LBL
A
STO 3
gRl
STO 2
gRl
STO1
1
R/S
STO 6
gRl
STO 5
gFU
STO 4
2
R/S
STO 8
gFU
STO 7
3
R/S
LBL
B
RCL1
RCL 2
X
RCL 3
4
6
0
+
-5-
1
7
•
CODE
06
05
71
33
09
84
23
13
34 04
34 05
51
34 06
71
34 07
71
34 08
81
34
09
81
07
00
05
43
42
07
71
84
22
12
23
14
41
01
06
KEYS
6
5
X
STO
9
R/S
LBL
C
RCL4
RCL5
—
RCL6
X
RCL7
X
RCL8
-f
RCL
9
~
7
0
5
EEX
CHS
7
X
R/S
GTO
B
LBL
D
t
1
6
CODE
00
02
00
71
84
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
KEYS
0
2
0
X
R/S
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
R! vm
R2 Pbar
R3 Tm
R4 vt
RB vtb
Re N
R7 V^n
RS va
R9 V-"std
-------
96 APol-07
METHOD 7
CODE
23
11
33 03
35 08
33 02
35 08
33 01
02
84
33 06
35 08
33 05
35 08
33 04
03
84
23
12
34 02
34 03
04
06
00
61
81
34 04
34 05
04
06
00
61
81
51
34 01
02
KEYS
LBL
A
ST03
gfU
STO2
gR|
ST01
2
R/S
STO6
gFU
STO5
gR 1
STO4
3
R/S
LBL
B
RCL2
RCL3
4
6
0
+
-r
RCL4
RCL5
4
6
0
+
-~
—
RCL1
2
CODE
05
51
71
01
07
83
06
05
71
33 07
84
23
13
34 06
34 07
81
06
02
43
42
06
71
84
22
12
23
14
41
01
06
00
02
00
71
84
KEYS
5
—
X
1
7
•
6
5
X
ST07
R/S
LBL
C
RCL6
RCL7
-r
6
2
EEX
CHS
6
X
R/S
GTO
B
LBL
D
t
1
6
0
2
0
X
R/S
CODE
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
KEYS
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
RI vf
R2 Pf
R3 Tf
R4 pi
R5 Ti
Rg m
R? v$c
RB
Rg
-------
METHOD 8
APol-08 97
CODE
33 04
35 08
33 03
35 08
33 02
35 08
33 01
01
84
33 07
35 08
33 06
35 08
33 05
02
84
33
09
35 08
33 08
03
84
23
11
34 04
01
03
83
06
81
34 02
61
34 03
04
06
KEYS
STO4
gRl
STO3
gRl
STO2
gR4-
STO1
1
R/S
ST07
gRl
STO6
gR4-
STO5
2
R/S
STO
9
gR4-
STO8
3
R/S
LBL
A
RCL 4
1
3
•
6
—•
RCL 2
+
RCL 3
4
6
CODE
00
61
81
34 01
71
01
07
83
06
05
71
24
23
12
34 07
35 07
81
34 08
71
34
09
81
34 05
34 06
51
71
24
23
13
11
12
01
00
08
43
KEYS
0
+
-r
RCL1
X
1
7
•
6
5
X
RTN
LBL
B
RCL7
gx^y
-f
RCL8
X
RCL
9
-r
RCL 5
RCL 6
—
X
RTN
LBL
C
A
B
1
0
8
EEX
CODE
42
06
71
84
23
14
11
12
07
00
05
43
42
07
71
84
23
15
01
06
00
02
00
71
24
35 01
35 01
35 01
35'O1
35 01
KEYS
CHS
6
X
R/S
LBL
D
A
B
7
0
5
EEX
CHS
7
X
R/S
LBL
E
1
6
0
2
0
X
RTN
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
RI vm
R2 Pbar
R3 Tm
R4
AH
RB vt
RS
Vtb
R? N
R8 V^,,,
R9 V,
-------
98 APol-09
CASCADE IMPACTOR OPERATION
CODE
23
11
34 07
02
08
71
34 08
04
04
71
61
34 04
03
02
71
61
33
09
84
33 01
01
35 07
51
71
01
08
34 01
71
61
33 03
84
23
12
41
01
KEYS
LBL
A
RCL 7
2
8
X
RCL 8
4
4
X
+
RCL 4
3
2
X
+
STO
9
R/S
STO 1
1
g x^
-
X
1
8
RCL 1
X
+
STO 3
R/S
LBL
B
t
1
CODE
03
83
06
81
35 07
33 06
61
33 02
84
23
13
01
34 01
51
34 02
71
32
09
34
09
71
33 05
34 02
34 03
71
31
09
33 03
34 05
84
23
14
41
04
06
KEYS
3
•
6
~T
g x^y
STO 6
+
STO 2
R/S
LBL
C
1
RCL 1
—
RCL 2
X
f-1
v*~
RCL
9
X
STO 5
RCL 2
RCL 3
X
f
V/X~
STO 3
RCL 5
R/S
LBL
D
t
4
6
CODE
00
61
84
23
15
41
09
71
05
81
03
02
61
14
84
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
KEYS
0
+
R/S
LBL
E
t
9
X
5
-r
3
2
+
D
R/S
g NOP
g NOP
g NOP
g NOP
g NOP
g NOP
g NOP
g NOP
g NOP
g NOP
g NOP
g NOP
g NOP
g NOP
g NOP
R! BYYQ
R2
PS
R ** MI fo « m
R4
RB
Re
BO,
IR,
Pbar
R?
RS
Rg
BN2 + BCO
BCD
Md
-------
CASCADE IMPACTOR OPERATION
APol-09 99
CODE
00
33 04
33 05
33 08
33
09
08
05
83
03
05
34 03
81
34 01
71
33 06
00
84
23
11
04
06
00
61
33 07
33
61
09
35 07
33 02
71
31
09
34 06
71
KEYS
0
STO 4
STO 5
STO 8
STO
9
8
5
•
3
5
RCL 3
T
RCL 1
X
STO 6
0
R/S
LBL
A
4
6
0
+
STO 7
STO
+
9
g x^y
STO 2
X
f
N/x"
RCL 6
X
CODE
33 08
33
61
05
34 04
01
61
33 04
34 08
84
34 02
84
34 07
04
06
00
51
84
34 04
84
22
11
23
12
32
09
34 05
34 04
81
33 07
71
05
83
00
07
KEYS
STO 8
STO
+
5
RCL 4
1
+
STO 4
RCL 8
R/S
RCL 2
R/S
RCL 7
4
6
0
—
R/S
RCL 4
R/S
GTO
A
LBL
B
f1
>/x~~
RCL 5
RCL 4
-r
STO 7
X
5
•
0
7
CODE
43
42
04
71
33 08
84
34 07
84
34
09
34 04
81
33 07
84
23
IS
34 07
33
51
09
34 08
33
51
05
34 04
01
51
33 04
84
35 01
KEYS
EEX
CHS
4
X
STO 8
R/S
RCL 7
R/S
RCL
9
RCL 4
-r
STO 7
R/S
LBL
E
RCL 7
STO
—
9
RCL 8
STO
—
5
RCL 4
1
—
STO 4
R/S
g NOP
R1 cp
R2 Apj
RS x/Pj-M,
R4
n
R5 LVj
Re
B
R? Ti- ava
R8 Vj, Q|
«9 STS
-------
100 APOI-09C!
AH, AH'
CASCADE IMPACTOR OPERATION
CODE
23
11
34 08
34 07
81
32
09
34 05
71
34 04
71
71
33 08
00
84
23
12
33 03
34 01
14
84
01
03
83
06
81
34 03
61
34 02
14
KEYS
LBL
A
RCL 8
RCL 7
"T
f-'
v*~
RCL 5
X
RCL 4
X
X
STO 8
0
R/S
LBL
B
STO 3
RCL 1
D
R/S
1
3
•
6
-r
RCL 3
+
RCL 2
D
CODE
84
34 07
81
34 04
71
34
09
81
i
81
31
09
34 02
71
06
83
00
00
35 07
81
35 01
23
15
34 03
83
05
61
84
22
12
23
KEYS
R/S
RCL 7
T
RCL 4
X
RCL
9
•r
-j-
f
V*""
RCL 2
X
6
•
0
0
9 x^y
T*
g NOP
LBL
E
RCL 3
•
5
+
R/S
GTO
B
LBL
CODE
14
41
71
34 08
34 06
35 09
51
33 07
81
35 07
81
24
23
13
41
02
05
83
04
71
84
22
14
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
KEYS
D
t
X
RCL 8
RCL 6
g R t
_
STO 7
-r
g x**y
T"
RTN
LBL
C
t
2
5
•
4
X
R/S
GTO
D
g NOP
g NOP
g NOP
g NOP
8 NOP
g NOP
g NOP
* R/S displays AH'
** R/S displays t
*** Enter value as determined
from equation 9-2b
R-| Qcai
R2
Q'cal
R3 APsys
R4
RS
Re
TO
IR
i
Pbar
R? . P'o
RB QI. T
Rg Md
-------
CASCADE IMPACTOR OPERATION
APol-09C2 101
AH, t
CODE
23
11
34 08
34 07
81
32
09
34 05
71
34 04
71
71
33 08
00
84
23
12
33 03
34 01
14
84
01
03
83
06
81
34 03
61
34 02
14
KEYS
LBL
A
RCL 8
RCL 7
-r
f'1
V>T"*
RCL 5
X
RCL 4
X
X
STO 8
0
R/S
LBL
B
STO 3
RCL 1
D
R/S
1
3
•
6
-£•
RCL 3
+
RCL 2
D
CODE
35 01
34 07
81
34 04
71
34
09
81
r
81
31
09
34 02
71
t
35 07
81
84
23
15
34 03
83
05
61
84
22
12
23
KEYS
g NOP
RCL 7
•r
RCL 4
X
RCL
9
"•"
Co
J,
f
v*~
RCL 2
X
K
g X^V
•r
R/S
LBL
E
RCL 3
•
5
+
R/S
GTO
B
LBL
•
*•»
t
**
CODE
14
41
71
34 08
34 06
35 09
51
33 07
81
35 07
81
24
23
13
41
02
05
83
04
71
84
22
14
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
KEYS
D
t
X
RCL 8
RCL 6
g R t
—
STO 7
-r
g x=^y
-r
RTN
LBL
C
t
2
5
•
4
X
R/S
GTO
D
g NOP
g NOP
g NOP
g NOP
g NOP
g NOP
g NOP
* R/S displays AH'
** R/S displays t
*•• Enter value as determined
from equation 9-2b
t Enter value as determined
from Equation 9-4
R1
R2
Qcal
Q'cal
R3 APsyi
R4
RB
Re
TO
IR,
pbar
R? CTjmg, P'0
RS
R9
Oi *v
i* *
Md
-------
102 APol-10
IMPACTOR FLOW RATE GIVEN ORIFICE AH
CODE
23
15
61
02
08
71
35 07
04
04
71
61
35 07
03
02
71
61
33 07
84
23
14
01
03
83
06
81
34 06
61
33 05
84
23
11
34 06
35 07
51
71
KEYS
LBL
E
+
2
8
X
gx^y
4
4
X
+
gx^y
3
2
X
+
ST07
R/S
LBL
D
1
3
•
6
-r
RCL6
+
ST05
R/S
LBL
A
RCL 6
gx^y
—
X
CODE
34 07
81
34 02
04
06
00
61
81
81
31
09
34 03
04
06
00
61
71
34 01
71
34 05
81
01
34 04
51
81
84
22
11
23
13
KEYS
RCL 7
T
RCL2
4
6
0
+
C-
"C
f
\A~
RCL 3
4
6
0
+
X
RCL 1
X
RCL 5
•r
1
RCL 4
—
-f
R/S
GTO
A
LBL
C
CODE
41
02
08
83
03
02
71
84
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
KEYS
t
2
8
•
3
2
X
R/S
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
* Enter value as determined
from equation 10-2
R! °cal
R2 To
R3 Ti
R4 Bwo
RB p.
Re pbar
R7 Md
R8 AH
Rg APgy
-------
IMPACTOR FLOW RATE, GIVEN GAS
VELOCITY AND NOZZLE DIAMETER
APol-11 103
CODE
23
11
34 01
05
83
00
07
02
43
42
04
71
34 02
71
34 02
71
84
23
12
34 01
83
02
03
09
04
71
34 02
71
34 02
71
84
23
13
34 01
83
KEYS
LBL
A
RCL1
5
*
0
7
2
EEX
CHS
4
X
RCL2
X
RCL2
X
R/S
LBL
B
RCL1
e
2
3
9
4
X
RCL2
X
RCL2
X
R/S
LBL
C
RCL1
•
CODE
00
01
04
03
06
71
34 02
71
34 02
71
24
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
KEYS
0
1
4
3
6
X
RCL2
X
RCL2
X
RTN
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
CODE
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
KEYS
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
R! (Vs)8vg
R2 DN
RS
R4
R5
Re
R?
RS
Rg
-------
104 APol-12
IMPACTOR SAMPLING TIME TO COLLECT 50 MILLIGRAMS
CODE
23
11
83
07
07
01
06
02
14
24
23
13
01
07
06
05
83
07
14
24
23
14
34 01
81
34 02
81
35 01
06
00
81
21
83
04
31
03
KEYS
LBL
A
•
7
7
1
6
2
D
RTN
LBL
C
1
7
6
5
•
7
D
RTN
LBL
D
RCL3
T
RCL 8
-s-
gNOP
6
0
T
DSP
*
4
f
->D.MS
CODE
24
23
15
41
07
00
00
00
71
84
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
KEYS
RTN
LBL
E
t
7
0
0
0
X
R/S
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
CODE
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
KEYS
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
"Optional R/S
«1
R2
R3 G or G'
R4
RB
Re
R7
R8 Q|
Rg
-------
APol-13 105
IMPACTOR FLOW RATE, SAMPLE VOLUME, MASS LOADING
CODE
23
11
35 09
33 08
35 08
01
03
83
06
81
61
33 07
44
34 08
81
33 06
84
34 02
04
06
00
61
34 04
04
06
00
61
81
01
34 01
51
81
34 03
81
34 05
KEYS
LBL
A
gRt
STO 8
gFU
1
3
•
6
-r
+
STO 7
CLX
RCL 8
—•
STO 6
R/S
RCL 2
4
6
0
+
RCL 4
4
6
0
+
-r
1
RCL1
-
-r
RCL3
-5-
RCL 5
CODE
34 07
51
71
34 06
71
33 06
84
34 06
34 08
71
33 06
84
34 06
01
34 01
51
71
34 03
71
34 02
04
06
00
61
81
01
07
83
06
05
71
33
09
24
23
KEYS
RCL 7
—
X
RCL 6
X
STO6
R/S
RCL 6
RCL 8
X
STO6
R/S
RCL 6
1
RCL1
—
X
RCL 3
X
RCL 2
4
6
0
+
•7-
1
7
•
6
5
X
STO
9
RTN
LBL
CODE
13
34
00
81
83
00
01
05
04
03
71
84
34
09
71
34 06
81
24
23
15
41
01
03
83
06
81
24
35 01
35 01
35 01
KEYS
C
RCL
9
-r
•
0
i
5
4
3
X
R/S
RCL
9
X
RCL 6
T
RTN
LBL
E
t
1
3
•
6
•5-
RTN
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
R! B^
R2 T,
R3 P,
R4 Tm
R5 Pbar
D^ work _ _
"6 register Qm, QA. VA
R7 APm
RS t
R9 VN
-------
106 APol-14
IMPACTOR STAGE D6 0
CODE
33 07
71
61
43
42
06
71
33 03
01
84
71
71
33 05
02
84
23
15
33 04
35 08
33 08
01
83
05
33 02
35 08
35 08
34 07
71
01
61
31
09
34 03
71
34 04
KEYS
STO 7
X
+
EEX
CHS
6
X
STO 3
1
R/S
X
X
STO 5
2
R/S
LBL
E
STO 4
g R J-
STO 8
1
•
5
STO 2
g R ;
g R 4
RCL 7
X
1
+
f
V^~
RCL 3
X
RCL 4
CODE
81
01
83
00
04
71
33 01
23
09
34 03
34 04
71
34 05
81
34 02
81
31
09
34 08
71
33 06
34 01
81
83
04
04
71
42
32
07
83
04
01
71
01
KEYS
•f
1
•
0
4
X
STO 1
LBL
9
RCL 3
RCL 4
X
RCL 5
-5-
RCL 2
-r
f
\/X~
RCL 8
X
STO 6
RCL 1
-r
•
4
4
X
CHS
f1
LN
•
4
1
X
1
CODE
83
02
03
61
02
71
34 01
71
34 06
81
01
61
34 02
35 07
33 02
81
01
51
35
06
83
00
00
01
35 22
22
09
34 06
84
35 01
KEYS
•
2
3
+
2
X
RCL 1
X
RCL 6
-r
1
+
RCL 2
g x^y
STO 2
-r
1
_
g
ABS
•
0
0
1
g x
Re
D.oj
R?
T
RS K,
Re
(work)
-------
i/FCALCULATION-ROUND JETS
APol-15 107
CODE
33 02
35 08
03
35
05
71
33 03
01
84
33 07
71
61
43
42
06
71
33 06
02
84
71
71
33 05
03
84
23
15
43
04
42
71
33 01
83
00
00
03
KEYS
STO 2
g R I
3
9
yx
X
STO 3
1
R/S
STO 7
X
+
EEX
CHS
6
X
STO 6
2
R/S
X
X
STO 5
3
R/S
LBL
E
EEX
4
CHS
X
STO 1
•
0
0
3
CODE
06
07
34 07
71
01
61
31
09
34 06
71
34 02
81
01
83
00
04
71
33 04
23
13
34 01
81
41
35
04
83
04
04
71
42
32
07
83
08
02
KEYS
6
7
RCL 7
X
1
+
f
V^T
RCL 6
X
RCL 2
•7-
1
•
0
4
X
STO 4
LBL
C
RCL 1
T
t
g
1/x
*
4
4
X
CHS
f"
LN
.
8
2
CODE
71
02
83
04
06
61
71
01
61
34 05
71
83
00
07
00
07
71
34 06
81
34 02
81
34 03
81
31
09
34 01
71
84
22
15
KEYS
X
2
*
4
6
+
X
1
+
RCL 5
X
•
0
7
0
7
X
RCL 6
-5-
RCL 2
-r
RCL 3
-r
f
v*~
RCL 1
X
R/S
GTO
E
R! DPJ
R2
R3
PS
(Dc3 • X)
R4
L
RS (Q pp PA>
Re
M
R?
T
RS
R9
-------
108 APol-16
V/*"CALCULATION-RECTANGULAR SLOTS
CODE
33 02
35 08
02
35
05
71
33 03
01
84
33 07
71
61
43
42
06
71
33 06
02
84
71
71
33 05
03
84
23
15
43
04
42
71
33 01
83
00
00
03
KEYS
STO 2
g R 1
2
9
V*
X
STO 3
1
R/S
STO 7
X
+
EEX
CHS
6
X
STO 6
2
R/S
X
X
STO 5
3
R/S
LBL
E
EEX
4
CHS
X
STO 1
•
0
0
3
CODE
06
07
34 07
71
01
61
31
09
34 06
71
34 02
81
01
83
00
04
71
33 04
23
13
34 01
81
41
35
04
83
04
04
71
42
32
07
83
08
02
KEYS
6
7
RCL 7
X
1
+
f
v*~
RCL 6
X
RCL 2
-r
1
*
0
4
X
STO 4
LBL
C
RCL 1
-r
t
g
1/x
•
4
4
X
CHS
f- '
LN
*
8
2
CODE
71
02
83
04
06
61
71
01
61
34 05
71
83
00
05
05
06
71
34 06
81
34 02
81
34 03
81
31
09
34 01
71
84
22
15
KEYS
X
2
•
4
6
+
X
1
+
RCL 5
X
•
0
5
5
6
X
RCL 6
-r
RCL 2
-f
RCL 3
-r
f
V/x-
RCL 1
X
R/S
GTO
E
Rl D"i
R2
R3
PI
(w'fi)
R4
RS
L
Re P
R?
T
Re
Rg
-------
CUMULATIVE CONCENTRATION ws. D50
AND
AM/AlogD vs. GEOMETRIC MEAN DIAMETER
APol-17 109
CODE
23
11
33 04
35 08
33 03
35 08
33 02
35 08
83
00
02
08
03
02
71
33 01
00
41
84
23
12
21
83
02
33 06
35 08
33 05
83
04
03
07
01
33 08
06
02
KEYS
LBL
A
STO 4
gR 4
STO 3
gR 1
STO 2
gR 4-
•
0
2
8
3
2
X
STO 1
0
t
R/S
LBL
B
DSP
•
2
STO 6
gR 4-
STO 5
•
4
3
7
1
STO 8
6
2
CODE
04
02
43
42
08
33
09
34 02
84
34 03
84
34 07
21
02
84
34 03
34 05
71
31
09
21
83
02
84
34 04
34 01
81
33
61
07
34 05
31
08
34 03
31
KEYS
4
2
EEX
CHS
8
STO
9
RCL 2
R/S
RCL 3
R/S
RCL 7
DSP
2
R/S
RCL 3
RCL 5
X
f
VST
DSP
•
2
R/S
RCL 4
RCL 1
-j-
STO
+
7
RCL 5
f
LOG
RCL 3
f
CODE
08
51
81
01
41
33
51
02
34 05
33 03
44
34 06
33 04
35 09
21
02
84
22
12
23
13
83
00
02
08
03
02
71
24
35 01
KEYS
LOG
—
-r
1
t
STO
—
2
RCL 5
STO 3
CLX
RCL 6
STO 4
gR t
DSP
2
R/S
GTO
B
LBL
C
9
0
2
8
3
2
X
RTN
g NOP
RI VT
R2 j
R3 °i
R4 m;
R5 DH
Rg mj-i
R? ci,cum
RS
R9
0.4371
6.242 x 10'8
-------
110 APol-18
MEAN, STANDARD DEVIATION, 90/95% CONFIDENCE INTERVAL, MEAN ±CI
CODE
23
11
33
61
05
32
09
33
61
06
34 04
01
61
33 04
84
22
11
23
15
33
51
05
32
09
33
51
06
34 04
01
51
33 04
24
23
12
34 06
KEYS 1
LBL
A
STO
+
5
f^
v^T
STO
+
6
RCL 4
1
+
STO 4
R/S
GTO
A
LBL
E
STO
-
5
f1
v*~
STO
—
6
RCL 4
1
—
STO 4
RTN
LBL
B
RCL 6
CODE
34 05
34 04
81
33 07
84
32
09
34 04
71
51
34 04
01
51
81
31
09
33 08
84
34 07
81
24
23
13
34 08
34 04
31
09
81
34 04
01
51
34 03
35
05
34 02
KEYS
RCL 5
RCL 4
-5-
STO 7
R/S
f1
V*~
RCL 4
X
—
RCL 4
1
—
-r
t/r
ST08
R/S
RCL 7
-r
RTN
LBL
C
RCL 8
RCL 4
f
yx-
RCL 4
1
—
RCL 3
g
yx
RCL 2
CODE
71
34 01
61
71
33
09
84
34 07
34
09
51
84
34 07
34
09
61
84
23
14
00
33 04
33 05
33 06
84
22
11
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
KEYS
X
RCL1
+
X
STO
9
R/S
RCL7
RCL
9
—
R/S
RCL 7
RCL
9
+
R/S
LBL
D
0
STO 4
STO 5
STO 6
R/S
GTO
A
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
R-l C1
R2
R3
c2
C3
R4
RB
n, N
SXj
R6 sxi2
R?
RS
Rg
X
a
Cl
-------
RESISTIVITY AND ELECTRIC FIELD STRENGTH
APol-19 111
CODE
23
11
33 04
35 07
33 03
35 07
81
34 01
71
34 02
81
84
23
15
34 03
34 02
81
84
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
KEYS
LBL
A
ST04
gx^y
ST03
gx^y
-r
RCL1
X
RCL2
-7-
R/S
LBL
E
RCL3
RCL2
T
R/S
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
CODE
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
KEYS
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
CODE
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
KEYS
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
R-l A
R2 L
RS v
R4 1
RS
Re
R?
RB
Rg
-------
112 APol-20
CHANNEL CONCENTRATIONS; DC-1
CODE
23
11
33 02
35 08
33 01
01
84
23
13
34 02
34 01
02
71
34 06
61
81
34 04
81
34 03
81
34 OS
81
33 07
84
22
11
23
12
33 04
35 08
33 03
02
84
33 06
35 08
KEYS
LBL
A
ST02
gR4-
ST01
1
R/S
LBL
C
RCL2
RCL1
2
X
RCL6
+
-r
RCL4
-J-
RCL3
•—
RCL5
-r
STO7
R/S
GTO
A
LBL
B
ST04
gFU
ST03
2
R/S
ST06
gR|
CODE
33 05
03
84
22
13
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
KEYS
STO5
3
R/S
GTO
C
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
CODE
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
35 01
KEYS
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
gNOP
RI Di
R2
R3
N;
t
R4
RB
Re
V
12
d
R?
RS
R9
-------
APol-21 113
AEROTHERM STACK SAMPLER; STACK VELOCITY, NOZZLE
DIAMETER. ISOKINETIC AH
CODE
33 08
01
84
33 01
35 08
33 04
35 08
33 02
02
84
33 07
35 08
33
09
35 08
33 06
35 08
33 05
03
84
23
12
34 08
15
71
34 07
81
31
09
34 01
71
04
83
00
03
KEYS
STO 8
1
R/S
ST01
gRl
STO 4
gRl
STO 2
2
R/S
STO 7
gRl
STO
9
gRl
STO 6
gRl
STO 5
3
R/S
LBL
B
RCL 8
E
X
RCL 7
-£-
f
\/x~
RCL1
X
4 \
' K'
0
3
CODE
07
71
41
84
34 08
15
71
35 07
81
34 05
81
34
09
15
81
34 04
81
31
09
83
04
06
71
24
23
13
34
09
15
71
34 08
15
81
34 03
32
KEYS
7
X
t
R/S
RCL 8
E
X
gx^y
-r
RCL 5
-r
RCL
9
E
-f
RCL 4
•f
f
\/x~
•
4
6
X
RTN
LBL
C
RCL
9
E
X
RCL 8
E
-r
RCL 3
f
CODE
09
34 01
71
34 05
71
34 02
81
32
09
71
34 04
71
34 06
71
34 07
81
84
33 08
84
22
13
23
15
02
07
03
83
02
61
24
KEYS
v*~
RCL1
X
RCL 5
X
RCL 2
-r
f1
N/x~
X
RCL 4
X
RCL 6
X
RCL 7
-r
R/S
STO 8
R/S
GTO
C
LBL
E
2
7
3
•
2
+
RTN
R1 cp
R2
R3
JD0'
DN'
R4 pt/pm
R5 Bd
Re
Md
R?
M$
RS T,
R9 Tm
-------
114 APol-22
FPD CALIBRATION BY PERMEATION TUBE TECHNIQUE
CODE
23
11
81
71
33 01
02
84
23
12
15
71
31
07
33
61
05
41
41
71
33
61
04
35 08
35 07
35
04
34 01
71
31
07
33
61
06
71
33
KEYS
LBL
A
T
X
ST01
2
R/S
LBL
B
E
X
f
LN
STO
+
5
t
t
X
STO
+
4
gFU
g x=^y
g
1/x
RCL1
X
f
LN
STO
+
6
X
STO
CODE
61
07
01
33
61
08
34 08
84
22
12
23
13
34 07
34 05
34 06
71
34 08
81
51
34 04
34 05
32
09
34 08
81
51
81
33 02
34 05
34 08
81
71
34 06
34 08
81
KEYS
+
7
1
STO
+
8
RCL8
R/S
GTO
B
LBL
C
RCL7
RCL5
RCL6
X
RCL8
-r
—
RCL4
RCL5
r1
\/x~~
RCL8
-r
—
-r
STO 2
RCL5
RCL8
•—
X
RCL6
RCL8
•r
CODE
35 07
51
33 03
34 02
84
23
14
15
71
31
07
34 02
71
34 03
61
32
07
84
22
14
23
15
01
00
00
81
24
35 01
35 01
35 01
KEYS
gx^y
—
STO3
RCL2
R/S
LBL
D
E
X
f
LN
RCL2
X
RCL3
+
f-1
LN
R/S
GTO
D
LBL
E
1
0
0
4-
RTN
flNOP
gNOP
aNOP
Ri W
R2
R3 B
R4
Zx2
RB 2x
R6 Sv
R7
RS
Zxy
n
Rg
-------
APPENDIX D
UNIT CONVERSION TABLE
Unit Conversion Table 115
English to Metric
Metric to English
1 in
1 ft
1 ft3
1 Ib
1 grain
1 Ib/ft3
1 gr/ft3
28.32 liters
= 25.40 mm = 2.540 cm
= 0.3048 m
= 0.02832 m3
= 453.6 gm
= 0.06480 gm
= 1.602 x 10" gm/m3
= 2.288 gm/m3
1 cm
1 m
1 m3
1 gm
1 gm
1 gm/m3
1 gm/m3
0.3937 in.
3.281 ft
35.31 ft3
0.002205 Ib
15.43 grains
6.243 x 10'6 Ib/ft3
0.4370 gr/ft3
Others
1m3
Ib
in. Hg
1 gm/gm-mole=
"R
°K
°C
°F
1 ft/sec
103 liters = 10* cm'
10'6 m = 10" A
7,000 grains
13.6 in. H2O
0.08205 liter-atm/mole-K
1 Ib/lb-mole = 1 amu
"F + 460
°C + 273.2
(5/9) (°F - 32)
(9/5) °C + 32
0.6818 miles/hr
Engineering Standard or Normal conditions are 20.0°C, 760 Torr, (68°F, 29.92 in. Hg) on a dry basis.
'C) - 1'0038 V(20.0°C)
V(20.0°C) = °'9962
-------
116
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before t
REPORT NO.
E PA- 600/8-76-002
1. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
f!pT-65NProgrammable Pocket Calculator Applied to
Air Pollution Measurement Studies: Stationary Sources
5. REPORT DATE
October 1976
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
. AUTHORIS)
James W. Ragland, Kenneth M. Cushing,
Joseph D. McCain, and Wallace B. Smith
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
SORI-EAS-76-447
PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Southern Research Institute
2000 Ninth Avenue, South
Birmingham, Alabama 35205
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
EHE624
11. CONTHACT7GRANT NO.
68-02-2131
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
EPA, Office of Research and Development
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
User Handbook: 11/75-10/76
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA-ORD
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTESJERL-RTP project officer for this handbook is D B Harris
919/549-8411 Ext 2557, Mail Drop 62.
i6. ABSTRACT The nan(jbook is intended for persons concerned with air pollution measure-
ment studies of stationary industrial sources. It gives detailed descriptions of 22
different programs written specifically for the Hewlett Packard Model HP-65 card-
programmable pocket calculator. For each program there is: a general description,
formulas used in the problem solution, numerical examples, user instructions, and
program listings. Areas covered include: Methods 1 through 8 of the EPA Test Codes
(Federal Register, 12/23/71), calibration of aflame photometric detector by the per-
meation tube technique, determination of channel concentrations for a droplet mea-
suring device, resistivity and electric field strength measurements, determination of
stack velocity, nozzle diameter, and isokinetic delta H for a high volume stack sam-
pler, and several programs for cascade impactors. Cascade impactor programs
include: determination of impactor stage cut points, calculation of the square root of
the Stokes number for round-jet and for rectangular-slot geometries, nozzle selection
and determination of delta H for isokinetic sampling, determining of sampling time
required to collect 50 rag total sample, determination of impactor flow rate, sample
volume, and mass loading, and calculation of cumulative concentration curves and
their differentials.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATI Field/Group
Air Pollution
Measurement
Calculators
Cards
Handbooks
Instructions
Photometry
Flue Gases
Sampling
Impactors
Kinetics
Stokes Law (Fluid
Mechanical
Air Pollution Control
Stationary Sources
Pocket Calculators
Card Programming
Hewlett Packard (HP-65)
Cascade Impactors
13B
14B
09B
05B
2 IB
20K
20D
18, DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
Unlimited
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisRtpon)
Unclassified
21. NO. OF PAGES
122
20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
Unclassified
22. PRICE
EPA Farm 2220-1 (9-73)
------- |