cxEPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Research and
Municipal Environmental Research
l nborator y
OH 45268
EPA 600 9-79-024b
August 1979
Movement of
Hazardous
Substances in Soil:
A Bibliography
Volume 2
Pesticides
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RESEARCH REPORTING SERIES
Research reports of the Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, have been grouped into nine series. These nine broad cate-
gories were established to facilitate further development and application of en-
vironmental technology. Elimination of traditional grouping was consciously
planned to foster technology transfer and a maximum interface in related fields.
The nine series are:
1 Environmental Health Effects Research
2. Environmental Protection Technology
3 Ecological Research
4 Environmental Monitoring
5. Socioeconomic Environmental Studies
6. Scientific and Technical Assessment Reports (STAR)
7. Interagency Energy-Environment Research and Development
8. "Special" Reports
9. Miscellaneous Reports
This document is available to the public through the National Technical Informa-
tion Service, Springfield, Virginia 22161.
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EPA-600/9-79-0245
August 1979
MOVEMENT OF HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES IN SOIL: A BIBLIOGRAPHY
Volume 2. Pesticides
by
Emily D. Copenhaver
Benlta K. Wilkinson
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830
Interagency Agreement EPA-IAG-D4-F476
Project Officer
Mike H. Roulier
Solid and Hazardous Waste Research Division
Municipal Environmental Research Laboratory
Cincinnati, Ohio 45268
MUNICIPAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LABORATORY
OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
CINCINNATI, OHIO 45268
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DISCLAIMER
This report has been reviewed by the Municipal Environmental Research
Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and approved for publica-
tion. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the
views and policies of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, nor does
mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement of
recommendation for use.
ii
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FOREWORD
The Environmental Protection Agency was created because of increasing
public and government concern about the dangers of pollution to the health
and welfare of the American people. Noxious air, foul water, and spoiled
land are tragic testimony to the deterioration of our natureal environment.
The complexity of that environment and the interplay between its components
require a concentrated and integrated attack on the problem.
Research and development is that necessary first step in problem solu-
tion and it involves defining the problem, measuring its impact, and searching
for solutions. The Municipal Environmental Research Laboratory develops new
and improved technology and systems for the prevention, treatment, and man-
agement of wastewater and solid and hazardous waste pollutant discharges from
municipal and community sources, for the preservation and treatment of public
drinking water supplies, and to minimize the adverse economic, social, health,
and aesthetic effects of pollution. This publication is one of the products
of that research; a most vital communications link between the researcher and
the user community.
The Solid and Hazardous Waste Research Division contributes to these
program objectives by conducting research to promote improved solid waste
management. This report presents the results of a search of recent litera-
ture on transport, transformation, and retention in soil of selected
hazardous substances.
Francis T. Mayo, Director
Municipal Environmental Research
Laboratory
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ABSTRACT
This bibliography was prepared by the Toxic Materials Information Center
(TMIC), Oak Ridge National Laboratory for the Solid and Hazardous Waste Re-
search Division, EPA Municipal Environmental Research Laboratory, Cincinnati,
Ohio. The bibliography is intended for use by personnel concerned, either
via research or management, with the disposal of hazardous wastes, other than
sewage sludge, on land. It is the result of a search of recent literature
(1970 through 1974) and includes information on the transport, transformation
and soil retention of arsenic, asbestos, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, ^pper,
cyanide, lead, mercury, selenium, zinc, halogenated hydrocarbons, pesticides,
and other hazardous substances. About half of the 2000 entries include an
abstract. In order to limit the size of the resulting publication, the
literature search focused on processes directly related to transport (adsorp-
tion, ion exchange, etc.) and documentation of the occurrence and extent of
transport while specifically excluding topics such as uptake and transloca-
tion by plants, modeling, and effects on microorganisms and processes medi-
ated by microorganisms. The bibliography has been divided into two volumes
to facilitate its use; the pesticides citations have been placed in a
separate volume.
In addition to the TMIC's own data files, the following sources were
searched: Soils and Fertilizers Abstracts (1972-1974 plus bibliographies
covering older material); Pollution Abstracts (1970-1974); Environment
Abstracts, formerly Environment Access (December 1970-1974); Chemical Ab-
stracts (1973-1974); Biological Abstracts and BioResearch Index (1970-1974);
Nuclear Science Abstracts (1972-1974); U.S. Government Reports (1973-1974);
Health Effects of Environmental Pollutants (1972-1974); Health Aspects of
Pesticides Abstract Bulletin, now Pesticides Abstracts (1972-1974), and
Industrial Wastes Information Bulletin (1973-1974). These sources, combined
with other pertinent books, symposia, etc., should make this two-volume
document representative of current information on movement of hazardous
substances in soil.
Format for all citations in this document is not uniform; this is due,
in part, to the merging of data bases without retyping citations. Each
citation is complete, though the order of presentation may differ. This
report was submitted in fulfillment of Interagency Agreement No. D4-F476 by
Oak Ridge National Laboratories under the sponsorship of the U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency. This report covers the period of April 25, 1974
to September 30, 1974.
iv
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CONTENTS
FOREWORD Hi
ABSTRACT iv
1. Abstracts 1
2. Author Index 195
3. Keyword Index 205
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SECTION I
ABSTRACTS
1-6
Persistence and Degradation of Pesticides in tlie
Environment
Part of scientific Aspects of Pest Control.
Report of a Symposium, National Academy of
Science, National Research Council, Putlication
No. 1402, 221(1966); 1966
PERSISTENCE; DEGRADATION; PESTICIEIS
Pesticides: Self - Destracting tDT
Che*. Eng. Nevs. 48(1), 12-13; 1S7C
DEGRADATION; DDT; FODDERED ZINC; ETHANE; IRON;
DDE; RICE; SPHINGTAILS; THIOtHOSFHJTI;
INSECTICIDES; HONTHOSILLONITE; AFCBATIC RINGS;
CHLORINATED HTDROCARBON5; PESTICIDES
The degradation of DDT is the object of a
research project at Aerojet General Corporation.
sponsored by a $96,520 grant fro* the Federal
Water Pollution Control Administration. Host
effective to date has been a reaction cf DDT with
powdered zinc in 10* solutions of acetic acid or
ammonium sulfate giving bis IP - chlorophenyl)
ethane. Redaction with iron gives DDE. However,
DDE is still quite harmful, tut tis (P -
chlorophenyl) ethane is only 10* as to lie to lice
as DDT. At Michigan State University work is
continning on biological approaches to the
degradation of DDT. Springtails - species of the
insect COLIERBOLA • continue to show promise in
experiments to find lethods of degrading DDT in
the field. Relatively large doses of DDT art
harmless to springtails, which break DDT down to
DDE. Field plot tests are new being conducted tc
determine predator relationships involving
COLLEHBOIA. It has been shown that springtails
carrying 100 ppm DDT in their tissue are fatal to
their millipede predators, work is also in
progress at Michigan State with the cation
exchange clay aontmorillonite. After the ion
exchange sites are filled with curric ions, the
clay absorbs and catalyzes degradation of many
thiophosphate - type insecticides. Since
aromatic compounds are also complcxed by
montBorillonite, methods of accomplishing
degradation or aromatic rings in chlorinated
hydrocarbon pesticides are sought.
Degradable Organophosphorus Pesticides
Chei. and Engineering News, 50, 20; 1972, April
DEGEADATION; ORGANOEHOSPHOROS PISTICIDIS;
NALATHIOR; PAEATHION; WASHING; iHTICHOIINISTIEJSI
PESTICIDES
A family of organophosphocns pesticides that
function similar to malathion and parathion but
that are readily degraded to nontoiic fragment*
has been developed by scientists at Bdgewood
Arsenal, Hd., and Ash-Stevens, Inc., Detroit,
Rich. Degradation of the pesticides is
accomplished by simple washing with mildly
alkaline reagents, the scientists claim. The
principle of the pesticidal activity of the new
family, outlined in U.S. Patent Application
11,876, is based on their anticholinesterase
action.
Iffect of Pesticides Residues and Other
Organc-Toxicants on the Quality of Surface and
Grcund water Resources
; Purdue University, Lafayette, IN
FB-211 080, TH-10, W72-11867, OWRR-A-005-IND (16) ,
Water Resources Research Center, Purdue
University, Lafayette, IN, 112 p.; 1970, June
PESTICIDES; BESIDDES; OBGAHO-TOKICANTS; SURFACE
SATES; GROUNDWATEB; GRCOND WATER; WATER
Processes, Procedures, and Methods to Control
Pollution Resulting from Silvicultural Activities
; Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
Report So. EPA-430/9-73-101; Monitoring Agency
Bert He. W7<»-029<»6; 102p.; 1973, Oct.
WATER; RUNOFF; SOILS; THERMAL POLLDTION;
LOMBEBISG; SOIL EROSION; INSECTICIDES;
BESBICIDSS; SURFACE WATER; RIPOPESTRATIOM; LAND
OSI; SEDIMENT RUNOFF; FORESTS; PESTICIDES;
STREAMS; SOLAR RADIATION; LOGGING; TIMBER
This report provides information of a general
nature regarding processes, proceedings, and
methods for controlling pollution caused by
sediment runoff from legging roads, skid trails,
and ether areas of disturbed soils in forest
areas; pesticides and fertilizers used in forest
regeneration activities; chemicals and other
materials applied for forest fire prevention; and
temperature increases in small streams exposed to
solar radiation by logging of [ordering timber
stand*. It is intended to act as a
state-of-the-art document useful for the
develcpeient of effective programs to control
nonpoint sources of pollution.
Mcnitcring Agricultural Pesticide Residues. A
Preliminary Report of studies on Soil, Sediment,
and Water in Mississippi River Delta.
; 9nited states of America Department of
Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Plant
Pest Control Division
Bulletin, OS Department of Agriculture, ADS,
81-13, 53 p.; 1966
PESTICIDES; RESIDUES; SOILS; SEDIMENTS: WATER;
CBGANIC PESTICIDES; ACCDHOliTIOH
Normal pesticide use practices were investigated
and samples of soil, sediment and water were
analysed for residoes in five 1-square-mil« study
areas. There was little or no progressive
accumulation of an; organic pesticide in the area.
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7-n
Degradation of several Herbicidei In Rtd Aider
Forest Floor Haterial
; Forest Service, OSDA
Res. Prog. Hep. R. Soc. Reed Sei., 21-22; 1970
RESIDUES; ABITROIE; 2,4-D; PICIOBAH; DBGRABiTIO";
HALF-LIFE; DECOHPOSITIOR; LEACHIBG; 0»!RLA»D
PLOW; FORESTS; HI8BICIDES; STRBAHS; FOREST FLOOB
Analyses of herbicide residue! in forest floor
•atetial (ALHDS ROBRA) shotted a« it role and 2,«-D
to be rapidly decomposed, vhile picloram vas the
•oat resistant to degradation (half lift learn
than 9 months); 2.4,5-T vas of intermediate
persistence. The higher the herbicide's rate of
decomposition, the lover the hazard of atreae
pollution (through leaching or overland flov).
Percent recoveries of the herbicides froe forest
floor material 10-180 days after treatient are
shovn in a table.
Ground Disposal of Pesticides: The Problem and
Criteria for Guidelines
; Sorking Group on Pesticides, Washington, DC
•orking Group on Pesticides, Washington, DC; PB
191 144; WGP-DB-1; 1970, Rarch
IRDOSIHIAL R»SIBS; IBDOSIRT; URDFILl; LBACHIRG;
IIACBATBS; HIRE SHAFTS; PESTICIDES; SOILS; WASTE
DISPOSAL; WATER; DISPOSAL; WELL RATER; GROOHD
iATBR; PBSSISTIIC1
The pollution of ground and veil vater by
pesticides should be reduced by a careful
consideration of their sources, physical chemical
and tciicologicsl persistency and the
hydrogeology of disposal sites.
10
Pesticide Residues: Ho Danger fro* Arsenic
8
Interaction of Herbicides and Soil Hicroorganisss
; Boyce Thoipson Inst. for Plant Research, Inc.,
Tonkers, HI
Rater Pollution Control Research Series;
Monitoring Agency Sept. Ho. R72-13044, EPA
1606O-DBP-O3/71; Proj. EPA-16060-OHP; IB-211 566;
75 p.; 1971, Harch
ABATENERT; RATER; PROPRAR; DCPA; BROHACIL;
MOHOROH; ATRAZIRE; DICAHBA; 1MIBIH; CIOROR;
SOUS; HERBICIDES; BIODETERIORATIOR; PESTICIEES;
CHLORINE; ADDITIVES; BACTERIA; B1DROLISIS;
PHTHALATES; CABBAHATES; ORACIL; OBIA;
R-HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS; FONSI; DEGRAEATIOB; IPC
The introduction of microorganisms with specific
degradative capacities into the soil vas shcvn to
be a possible leans of ridding the soil of
contaminating chemicals. An investigation of the
interactions of soil microorganisms and several
groups of herbicidal coeponnds, primarily
chlorinated derivatives, vas mad*, in pure
culture and in moils the addition of 2,3,5,
6-tetrachloroter*phthalate (DCPA) had little
effect upon bacterial growth, and several
microorganisms appeared to n*e the herbicide as a
carbon source. The encourag«m«nt of the soil
•icrofloia by the addition of nutrient broths
resulted in a reduction of toxicity to plants of
a number of herbicides. Isopropyl
n-phenylcarbamate (IPC) degrading organises, when
added to soil, accelerated the degradation of IPC
and related compounds. A membrane
'biologicalilter' device for reducing vaterbcrne
biodegradable pollutants vas also desonstrated
using these organisms.
Ch«m. Eng. Revs, 49(37), 8; 1971
TME; PESTICIDES; CACODTLIC ACID; DlaETHTL
ARSIRI; GAS; SOILS; ALKTL ARSIRES; FOOD CHAIRS;
ARSERICALS; DDT
The Plant Science Research Division of the D.S.
Department of Agriculture released the results of
tests on the fate of arsenical pesticides,
particularly cacodylic acid, in soil on September
1, 1971. Cacodylic acid vas found to disappear
trci the sell by tvo routes. The main route
involves the formation of carbon dioxide and
inorganic arsenic. The second route involves the
formation of dimethyl arsine, vhich leaves the
soil as a gas. Both routes are operative in very
vet Eoils. Preliminary tests indicated that
cacodylic acid and the alkyl arsines do not
become biologically magnified in food chains.
The use of arsenicals has increased as a result
of restrictions on the use of DDT and other
organics.
11
Feiticide Pollution of the Air
Chem. Eng. Revs 47(1), 42-3; 1969, January
PESTICIDES; AIR
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12-18
12
Pesticides and the Environment
Pesticides, 6(12), 35-38; 1972
PESTICIDISJ WATIR; PISH KILLS; PHOTOSYNTHESIS;
MARINE PHTTOPLANKTOH; DDT; OCEAN; RESIDUES;
STREAKS; ORGABOCHIOBINES; G80UHD «ATER;
BERBICID1S; BIRDS; SOILS
Host of the concern over the levels of pesticides
in water has been generated by hasty report* of
fish kills, of which only 2.5* have be«n
attributed to pesticides in the fl.S. Since 1960,
and lisited laboratory studies soch as the one in
which the photosynthesis of foar earine
phytoplankton was inhibited fcy levels of DCT 1000
tiaas greater than those found in the eeean.
Although it is a well-known fact that residues of
pesticides enter water, a study by the U.S.
Geological Survey indicated that no pesticide
concentrations in excess of the liiits
peraissible in public water supplies w«ze present
in streass in western U.S. Varying soil
characteristics and the wide range of available
pesticides aake evaluation of the effects of
these cheaicals on soil difficult. Host often
cited contamination of sail ty p«r«ist«nt
crganochlorines is not necessarily an
environmental trebles since these cheiicals
generally do net eove to ground water or streams
except through transport on soil (articles.
Increasing yields on fares which eitentively ace
herbicides indicates that soil fertility has not
been damaged through the use of these pesticides.
with the exception of four species of lit4s,
wildlife has not been detrimentally affected by
the use of pesticides. (12 references)
13
The Breakdown of Dieldrin in Soils
world Rev. Pest. Cont., 7(2), «8-6S; 1966
BREAKDOWN; DIIID8II; SOILS
boiatt and aniaals, and use on turf except as
supervised by trained persons should not be
allowed. The environment should be monitored
over a number of years to determine if the
restrictions lead to progressive disappearance of
dieldiin and aldrin.
15
Soil Insects Degrade DDT
Science News, 9U(26), 6U2; 1968
SOILS; INSECTS; DEGRADATION; DDT
16
Iffect of the Canal Irrigation System Used in the
OAR on the persistence of Soil Insecticide
Abdel-Gavaad. A.A.; Raaad, N.A.; El-Gayar, F.H.;
Plant Protect. Dap., High Inst. Cotton Affairs,
Alexandria, OAR
Int. Pest Contr. (IPC»Ax) 13(»), 8-10, 28; 1971
IRRIGATION PERSISTENCE; INSECTICIDES; DIPONATE;
I»ERI»; CHL08BICONB: SOILS; BHEAKDO»1 PRODUCTS;
IIACHIVG; CHLORINATE! HYDROCARBONS;
ORSANCSHOSPHOBBS INSECTICIDES; DIPONATE; ENDP.1H;
CRtOFClGONI
17
linuien, Chlorbromuron, litrofen, and Fluorodifen
Adforption and Movement in Twelve Selected
Illinois Soils
Abernathy, J.S.; Dniv. Illinois, Drbana, 111.
Dniv. Bicrofilas, Ann Arbor, Mich., Order Ho.
73-9861, Diss. Abstr. Int. B 1973. 33(10), 1616;
1972
IIIOROI; SOILS; HERBICIDES; CHL08BROHORON;
1ITRCIIN; PLOORODIFEN
Committee Becomienda Continued Uses of
Aldrin/Dieldrin
Chee., 135(7), 30; 1972
PESTICIDES; ALDRIH; CIELDRIR; wITHCRABAL;
AQUATIC; CARCINOGENS; VERTEBRATES; AIRCRAFT;
FOLIAR APPLICATIONS; DOS TING; RATIRVAYS; SETTLING
PONDS; HDHASS; HK1BA1S; PONDS; SCItS
The Aldrin/Dieldrin Advisory Committee's Report
to the Environmental Protection Agency has
approved the application of these pesticides
directly to soil or to saterlal buried in soil.
It also recommended that the economic impact of
total withdrawal of the two compounds EE explored
in ftepth. Nhertever economically feasible,
alternate methods of control should be used,
especially in agoeons environments. Also
recommended was formation of a ccmtittte of
experts in chemical carcinogenesio to determine
the effect of dieldrin on at least two vertebrate
species. Application by aircraft, poliar
spraying or dusting, discharge or residues into
waterways or settling ponds, use in housing foi
18
Effect of Calcins Chloride on Proaetryne and
Plvometuron Adaorption in Soil
Abtrnathy, J.8.; Davidson, J.N.; Agron. Dap.,
Cklahoea State Oniv., Stillwater, Okla.
weed Sci. ("ESSA6) , 19(5), 517-21; 1971
HERBICIDES; ADSORPTION; CALCIOB CHLORIDE; SOILS;
{RCNITBTNE; FLOOHETOBOH
In 2 water-saturated soils, Eufaula loamy fine
sand and Norge loaa, an increase in the Calcium
chloride concentration from 0.01 to 0.5 H
decreased and Increased, resp., the adsorption of
flvoaeturon (I) and Prometryne (II), which were
applied to the soil. I mobility was unchanged by
the 2 concentrations in Eufaula, but vas greater
in Norge loaa at the higher ca concentration. II
adsorption was greater than that of I for both
soils and each Ca concentration. In a flowing
syttem, the retardation of each herbicide vas
leas than that calculated from adsorption
iscthttm data, which may have resulted fro* a
fa 11 me of the herbicide to reach an equilibrium
with the soil during its displacement through the
column.
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19-26
19
Bentazon Mobility and Adsorption in Twelve
Illinois Soils
Abernathy. J.P.; Wax, L.N.
Illinois, Urbana, III
Sep. Agron., Univ.
Weed Sci. (WBESA6), 21(3), 22H-227; 1973
BENTAZON; ION EXCHANGE ESS IS; HERBICIDES;
ADSORPTION; MOBILITY; TRiNSPOFT; SOUS
Investigations cf the behavior of
3-isopropyl-1H-2, 1,3-benzothiadiazin- (») 3H-on«
2,2-dioxide (bcntazon) in water ccluticns have
shown that it was anionic in neutral solutions by
exhibiting a strong movement totrard the anod« In
an electrical field. The herbicide was not
adsorbed by any cf twelve selected Illinois soil!
or by the cation exchange resin,
carboxymethylcelluloee (CDC) , bat was almost
completely adsorbed by charccal and by the anion
exchanger, diethylaminoethylcellulcse (DEAE).
Bentazon loved with the water front on soil
thin-layer plates as wall as through soil col a mm.
20
Behavior of the Herbicides 2-KP and Trisben-200
in the soil and their Effect on Attrition of the
Boots of Rose Smartweed
Abramova, K.A. ; Uskova, L.A.; OS SB
Piziol. Aktiv. Veshchestva. Bespat. Rezhvedos.
Sb. (D8HHYC) 1971, No. 3, 159-66; 1971
SHARTWBEC; HERBICIDES; CARBOHYDRATE; PLAITS;
THIS BED-200; ROSE SHARTREED; ROOTS; ROSES;
MIGRATION; HECBOSIS; SOILS
Trisben-200 was sore effective against rose
siartweed, and was sore stable, than was 2-KF.
Both herbicides readily migrated in the soil.
Hassive necrosis of siartwted rocts *as produced
by depletion of their carbohydrate reserves to
10-12 ig/g dried roots, i.e., 101 of their
initial content.
pericd ASPERGILLBS RISER produced water soluble
•etatolites accounting for 591 of the dose and
also a saall amount of malaoxon. RHIZOCTONIA
EOLANI was completely inhibited at the level of
aalathion used. Even after the dose was reduce,
only a ssall asount of degradation was observed.
Very active carboxyesteratic hydrolysis as veil
as desiathylaticn was indicated in P. NOTATUH and
A. NIGER. Identified water soluble metabolites
were thiophospbate, monomethyl phosphate,
•alathion diacid, aalathion, dimethyl
pticsf borodithicate. (15 references)
23
Managing Our Environment. A Report on Ways
Agricultural Research Tights Pollution
Adams, ?.«.; Bollt, I.e.; Enlow, R.E. ;
Fundsrburk, R.R.; Gall, R.; Griffin, D.P.;
Hutchinson, R.D.; Kelly, E.H.; Picardi, R.E.;
Foe, I.A., Jr.
D.S. I«p. Agric. Agric. Inf. Bull., 351, 1-H8;
1972
GRASS; SOILS; PESTICIDES; AGRICDLTORZ
2"
Zffect of Soil Organic (latter on the Movement and
Activity of Pesticides in the Environment
Ad am a, R.S.
Faul, Hinn.
Soil Sci. Dep., Oniv. Minnesota. St.
Part of the Fifth Annual Conference on Trace
Substances in Environmental Health, University of
Hisscnxi, Columbia, 1971 (p. 81-93); 1972
HOWHEWT; RBTIER; PESTICIDES; SOILS;
CBGAICCHLOBIBB INSECTICIDES; TRAIZIHZ;
HERBICIDES; OEGANIC HATTER ; INSECTICIDES
A review on the influence of soil organic matter
en the movement and activity of organochlorine
insecticides and triazine herbicides. (SU
references)
21
DDT in Residues in Orchard soils
Ackley, w.B.
Wash. State Hor. Assoc, Proc., 16, 85-68; 1950
DDT; RESIDUES; SOILS; ORCBARCS
22
Betabolism of Otganophosphorus Insecticides. 1*
Ralathion Breakdown by Soil Fungi
Adam, Y. ; Bahig, R. R.; Fakhr, I. B.; Softafa, I.Y.
Z. latnrforscB., 27B (9), 1115-1116; 1972
SOIL FONGOS; RATER; HETIBOIIIES; BALAOION;
MALATHION; CtSBOHtSTBIATIC; D1SBI1BT11TIOI;
THIOPHOSPHATB; BONORETHTL fBOSPHITZ; HALATHION
DIACID; HtLATRION HONOACID; DIH8TBYL PBOSPHATE;
DIRSTRYL PROSPHOROTBIOAT!; D1RHBTI
IHOSPHOBODITHIOATE
In an investigation of the degradation of
32P-malathion by three soil fungi, PBBICILLIOH
•OTATOR had the highest activity, hydrolyting 761
of the compound in 10 deys. Over the same time
25
Factors Influencing Soil Adsorption and
Gicactivity of Pesticides
Adams, R.S.; Dep. Soil. Sci., Oniv. Minnesota,
St. Paul, (In
Residue Rev. (RRBfAH) 1973, «7,() 1-5U; 1973
REflll; PESTICIDES; BIOACTITITT; SOILS;
ACS01PTIOI; MICROCLIHATE
A review with 216 references factors which
influence the adsorption and bioactivity of
pesticides in soil. Chemical properties) of
pesticides, soil microclimate, and soil
proparties, are discussed.
26
Piclcram Enhances 2,«-D Hove me nt of Field
Biudwttd-D
Agbakoba, C.S.O.; Good in, J.R.
Reed Sci IB (1). 1970 19-21.
HBJBICIDBS; RBBDS; HOfBMBIT; 2,«-Dj PICLOHAH
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27-32
27
A Study of Residues of "Preventive" Herbicides in
Vine Soils.
Agulhon, R.; Inst. Tech. Vin. Kites, Fiance
Progr. agric. Title. 169. 18U-18S; 1969
SIHAZIHE; SOILS; CHLORTHIAnTI; DICCHPOSITION;
DICHLOROBEHZAHIEB: VINEYARD; BBSItOE
Sinazine was applied to a vineyard soil for up tc
6 years and chlorthiaiid for 1 year. No
appreciable residues of simazine were found at
depths below 10 cm in the soil, tut the surface
layer contained sufficient residues tc cause
leaf symptoms.. Following chlorthiamid treatment,
the toxic decomposition product dichloiobenzaiide
•oTed into the lever layers of the soil, where it
is considered a possible danger to the healthy
growth of vines.
28
Effect of Pesticide Residues and Other
Organotoxicant on the Quality of Surface and
Ground Rater Resources
Ahlrichs, J.L. ; Chandler, L. ; Nonke, B.J.;
Reuszer, H.l.
PB Report 211080; 1970
PHOFATE; CARBARYI: ORGANOTOXICANI PESTICIDES;
iATERSHEDS; WATER; ROHOFF; STORMS; SURFACE WATER;
SORPTION; PESTICIDES; RESERVOIRSj TESBISTRIAI
ECOSYSTEMS; AQUATIC ECOSYSTEHS
The amount of phorate and carbaryl Organotoxicant
pesticides applied to a watershed which were lost
fro* the application site into the watet system
depended on the occurrence of runoff-producing
storms shortly after application. Bacteria were
found which could break the ring structure of
carbaryl, but data concerning the role of
microorganisms in the elimination cf
Organotoxicant a froi surface water were variable.
The physico-cheiical effects of soil
constituents on the sorption reactions of the
toxic substances, bacterial degration cf the
pesticides in reservoirs, terrestrial and aquatic
indicator organises which denoted the presence or
effect of the sntstances. and feasible aethods
for removal of the substances already in the
water systei are discussed.
29
Longevity of Residues of
-------
33-36
33
•onbiodegradable and Other Recalcitrant Molecules
Alexander, H.; Lab. Soil Hictobiol. D»pt.
Agronomy, Cornell Oniv. , Ithaca, 9.1. 11850
Biotechnol. Biosngin«ering. 15(4), 611-647; 1973
RESISTANCE; DEGRADATION; MICROORGANISMS; ORGANIC
HATTER
Many natural products show remarkable durability
in natural ecosystems, and BOB* of th«se
substances ace of great practical concern, l
variety of types of synthetic compounds are also
persistent in nature, and this resistance is of
importance because of the large amounts of such
chesicals no* canufactured and their effects in a
variety of environments. The degradation of
synthetic chemicals results lainly froi
activities of microorganisms, and atteipts to
minimize pollution of water and soil vcnld be
facilitated were there adequate information on
why eany pollutants are so refractory.
Unfortunately, little is knovn about vhy manmade
or even natural organic compounds are cot
destroyed at rates sufficiently rtpaid to
prevent appreciable accumulations and
occasionally ecological disturbances of
considerable proportions. Environmental
protection requires that a synthetic chemical
should be converted to inorganic products in a
reasonably short period of time. The material
should, of course, not be subject to
biodeterioration during the period it is being
used for its intended purpose, but it should be
destroyed once it is no longer needed and it
introduced into waters, soils, or other disposal
sites. Biodegradability of a compound often can
be increased by appropriate structural
modifications. These modifications can lead to
replacement of compounds or manufactured products
potentially dangerous in natural ecosystems and
soee that are undesirable for astnetic reasons
with others which do not last sufficiently long
in nature to be either hazardous or offensive.
The cost of manufacture may te increased because
of the additional requirement for
biodegradability, but if society wishes to enjcy
the benefits it now obtains from synthetic
chemicals and yet have an environment free of
toxic or offensive materials, it will have to
accept the possible burden of additional cest.
On the other hand, adequate knowledge of the
mechanisms of recalcitrance may allow not only
for a sounl approach to the development of new
chemical products but lead to new materials that
can be produced with little er nc added cost.
3 «
Hicrobial Aspects of Soil Pollution
Alexander, H. ; Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
Part of Vestley, B. (Ed.), Proceedings of
International Symposium on Identification and
Measurement of Environmental Pollutants. Held at
Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, June 11-17, 1971 (p.
78-80) , »«9p.
MICROBES; HICROORGANI5HS; SOILS; PESTICIDES;
HERBICIDES; BIODEGRADATION; NITRATIS; FEED LOTS;
SOLID BASTES; MANORS; HEAVY HET&IS; ARSENIC;
HERCORT; FUNGICIDES; "ATB8; GROOHD WATER; ILGAE;
ALGAL BLOOHS; FROCESSING BASTES; NITROGEN;
ORGANOPHOSPHATES; CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS;
PERSISTENCE; OXYGEN; DETOXIFICATION; PLANT
PATHOGENS; HETHYIATION; ARSENIC; SZLENIOM;
HETHYLHEFCORY; SPINACH; NITRITE ACCOHOIATOBS J
FERTILIZERS
Microorganisms are important is soil pcllutien .
The degradation of organic pesticides and other
synthetic compounds results largely from
microbial acivity, but in the decomposition new
products are formed. These breakdown products
may be toxic or persistent, thus creating new
hazards, various classes of pesticides are not
destroyed at significant rates by soil
microorganisms, and they are therfore long-lived
frequently they ultimately enter bodies of water.
Certain changes in these molecules make them
more readily biodegradable. Microorganisms play
a unique role in the destruction of solid wastes
from agriculture, industry, and the home, but
problems arise because many of these wastes are
not quickly digested by microorganism. The
microtial conversion of nitrogenous materials,
including fertilizers, into nitrate constitutes
another environmental problem. Finally, the
impact of pollutants on the essential biological
transformations in soil is considered.
35
Ricrobial Degradation of Pesticides
Alexander, N.
Fart of Natsuaura, F.G., Boush, M. and Hisato, T.
(Ed.), Environmental Texicology of Pesticides.
Proceedings of a United States-Japan Seminar.
CISC, Japan, October, 1971, Academic Press; New
York, NY, London, England, (p. 365-383) 637 p.;
1912
INSECTICIDES; MICROBIOLOGY; DEGRADATION
36
Nicrobial Degradation of DDT
Alexander, M.; Cornell Dniv. Ithaca, NY, Dept. of
Agronomy 00203
Annual Report No. 1, July 1, 1972 - June 30,
1973; Cornell University; AD-762K69; Proj.
NR-306-067; Contract N0001H-67-A-0077-0027;
Bonitcring Agency Rept No. 18(1), 26 p.; 1973,
July
EICDETERIORATION; PHICOHYCBTES; SEDIMENTS; DDT;
DEGRADATION; CHEMICAL ANALYSIS; BACTERIA;
SARPLINS; RETABOLISH; SEA; MICROBIOLOGY;
IHSECIICIDIS; 1ATIP; SEACOAST; NITROGEN
Over 110 marine bacteria were isolated and tested
for their ability to convert DDT to water-soluble
products. Forty-seven were found to convert 5*
to 101 of the Carbon iq-DDT to water-soluble
products, 38 solubilized less than 5t of the
insecticide, and 29 were apparently inactive by
thf test methods employed. HOCOH ALTERNANS, a
fungus exceptionally active in producing
water-soluble eetabolites froe DDT, was used as a
model for determining the identities of the
Hater-soluble metabolites. Although these
coipoonjs have not yet been identified, they are
not DET, DCA, DBH, DBP, PCPA, or 2-chlorosuccinic
acid. Therefore, previously uncharacterized
frednets are probably formed by NOCOR ALTERNANS.
The hypothesis that nutrient availability is
limiting DDT degradation is now being tested. For
this forpose, natural microbial communities of
sea water containing bottom sediments are being
sntjected to a large number of different
treatments in an attempt either to enrich for
CHI-degrading organisms or to provide the
conditions necessary for rapid DDT decomposition.
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37-41
37
Biochesical Ecology of Ricroorganisis
Alexander, H.
Una. Rev. Hicrobiol., 25, 361-392; 1971
HXCBOORGARISRS; EOT; DEGBADATIOR; 2.H-D; HETILIIC
HEBCORY; HERCORY; SOILS
Pesticide biochesistry elucidates how
aicroorganisas ccntribute to environmental
deterioration of pollutants. Several individual
cultures aetabolize DDT. RTDBOGZHOHOMAS SP.
effects initial steps of DDT degradation
anaerobically and, with the addition of oxygen,
clea»e the ring and fori P-chlorophenylacetic
acid, other xdcroorganisis further degrade this
product, steps involved in the cciplete
mineralization of 2, D-D have been established for
arthrobacter, bat knowledge cf setaboliss in
nature is lacking. Hicroorganisis are
responsible for the release of letalllc serene?
froi mercurials in soil. The aetaholisi of
polluting chemicals in nature, nautral selection,
the effect of environment on microorganisms, the
effect of microorganisms on their aurrcundings,
and the bioeheiistry of interspecific
relationships among sicroorganisiE are also
discussed. (213 references)
38
Persistence of BBC, DDT, and Tozaphene in Soil
and the Tolerance of Certain Crops to Iheir
Besidaes
Ulen, R.
D.S.D.Ik. Tech. Ball.. 1090; 1954
PERSISTENCE; BRC; DDT; TOTAPHHRE; SOILS; CBOPS;
RESIDUES
«0
Soil Disinfectant Compositions
Aliasiy, 6.; Zador, G. ; Syko, R.; Abafy. J-:
Antal, J.; Orsanyi, R.I.; Soaogyi, U.S.; Tarju,
B.; Caapo, I.
Rang. Teljes (HDZXBD) 1973, 16 Pp.; 1973
1RICB108POR; FERTILIZERS; SOILS; IRSECTICIBES;
STCBACIi STABILITY; DISIMPBCTiMT
Hixing vith fertilizers (PH less than 5)
increased the storage stability, and inseeticidal
effect in soil, of trichlorphon.
Degradation of Dicaiba, Picloras, and Four
Phenexy Herbicides in Soils
tltoi, J.D.; Stritzke, J.T.: Igron Dep., ofcalhosa
State Oniv., Stillwater, Ok
Re«d sci. (WEES16) 1973, 21(6) 556-60; 1973
HESBICIDES; DEGB1DXTIOR; SOILS; DICAHB&;
PICLORiR; H»LP-LirB; 2.1-D; 2,«,5-T; SUtEX;
DICRLCBP80P; TIGBTATIOH; OAK BROSH; OAK; PHEHOIT
BIEBICIDZS
Th« average half-life for 2,1-D, dichlorprop,
silvei, 2,«,5-T, dicasba, and picloras in 3 soil
types vas «, 10, 17, 20, 25 and greater than 100
days, respectively. 2,U-D degradation «as not
influenced by soil type or vegetative cover. The
test herbicide treatment for oak brash control
«as a 2,«-D-dichlorprop aixture.
39
Dissipation of Dicaiba fros Grassland Soils of
Texas
Allen, T.J.; Texas ASH Oniv., tept. of Range
Science, Colleg* Station, TX 77843
Weed Science, 21(5), 393-396; 1973, September
CfiGAROCRLORIRE BEBBICIDES; BISIEOES; SOILS;
CICABBA; DISSIPATIOR; GRASSLARD; HERBICIDES;
SEHIARID GBASSLARD
Dicaiba dissipated in 4 weeks and in 9.16 necks
when sprayed on grassland soils cf Texas at 0.28
and 0.56 kg/ha, respectively. At 3 of »
locations ranging fros hosid to seiiarid and froi
clay to sandy loa» and saspled fros 9 to 63 weekc
after treatment, asaally residues were no deeper
than 120 cm and never deeper than 150 ci. Dicaate
residues were detected 120 ci deep 53 weeks after
appplication of granules at 1.68 or 2.24 kg/ha tc
sand of sesiarid grassland. Since dicaaba
sprays are usually applied at lees than 0.56
kg/ha for grassland restoration in Texas, it is
unlikely that residues of dicasba will persist in
soil through the growing season frcs spring
applicatons.
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42-48
12
The influence of Soil Arsenic on the Growth of
Lowbnah Blaeberry
Anastasia, F.B.; Render, w.J,; Procter 8 Gaatle
Co.. Industrial Chemicals Div. , Cincinnati, OR
115217
Journal of Environmental Quality. 2(3) . 335-337;
1973
ARSENIC; INSECTICIDES; RESIDUES: FLAMS; GBOITH:
SOILS; BLOEBERRT; CALCIOH ARSEHATZ
Saaples of cosaercial and virgin sells taken fros
various lowbnsh blueberry (TkCCIIIOH
AMGOSTIFOLiaM) areas in Raine contained
•easnrable asonnts of arsenic. The highest
levels vere in soils fro* cossereial field* which
had been treated repeatedly with calcine araenete
for insect control. The asoont cf arsenic
decreased as the soil depth increased. Soils
froa coaaercial tlueterry fields ranged frci 7.7
to 37.8 pp« vhile virgin soils ranged froa 5.7 tc
7.0 ppa in the upper levels. Lcvtush blaeberry
plants grown at arsenic levels of 7.7, 17.1,
13.8, 69.5 and 84.5 ppe in a lossy sand la the
greenhouse vere injured only at the highest
level. At greater than or equal to 9.5 ppe
arsenic blaeberry plant growth was significaitly
inhibited when ccspared to plants grown at 7.7
ppa arsenic. The greatest arsenic accumulation
in blueberry tissue occurred in the rocts with
decreasing amounts in the stvss and leaves,
respectively. when foliar arsenic reached 6.7
pp», a significant redaction in tlant growth
resulted. Although arsenic ves present in all
field soils analyzed, at no point did the aioiat
exceed that which was necessary to produce a
redaction in plant growth under greenhouse
conditions.
•3
Factors Influencing Insecticide Degradation by a
Soil fungus, HOCCR AITERIARS
Anderson, J.P.; Oniv. Wisconsin, Madison, tie.
(DABSAG) 1971, 118 Pp.; 1971
SOILS; PORGOS; INSECTICIDES; DDT; CIELBRI1;
DBOSADATIOlf
Effect of Various Soil Fungi and Insecticides on
the capacity of NOCOI 11 ALTERIA1S to Degrade net
Anderson, J.P.; Lichtmstein, l.P.j Dep.
Bntoeol., Dnlv. Wisconsin, Radiscn, Vis.
Can. J. Ricrobiol.(CJRIAZ) 1972. 16(5) 553-6«;
1972
FORSOS; INSECTICIDES; SOILS; DOT; DEGRADATIOi
So«* isolated soil fnngal species inhibited the
capacity R. ALTBHHA»S to degrade carbon •
Id-labeled DDT to water-soluble aetabolites. The
addition of various fungi to DDT-treated a.
A1T881AHS collates resulted in the depression of
the appearance of water-soluble tetabolities, iee
to accuaulation of the aetabolites in the
ayeeliue of the other fungus, or to an inhibition
ef aetabolite formation. In tests carried out
with excretory product* of fungi, only those froi
ASEEBGILLOS VOHIGATOS and H. HOCSDO shoved
inhibition of DDT degradation by an H. ALTERNANS
culture. Aaong the insecticides and related
compounds tested, only lindanc, parathion, and
dyfonate caused a redness in DDT degradation by
R. A1TZRRARS, without severely reducing its
vegetative growth.
• 5
Iffect of lutrltional Factors on DDT Degradation
ty HOCOR-ALTERRANS
Anderson, J. P.: Lichtenstein, E.P.
Can. J. Hicrobiol., 17(10), 1291-1298; 1971
INSECTICIDES; DDT; DEGRADATION
Activity of Triazine Herbicides in Manitoba and
Cntario soils
Anderson, J.R.; Univ. Gaelpb, Gaelph, Ont.
(DABSAQ) 1971, lo Pp. Given; 1971
TRIAZIIS; RBRBICIDES; SOILS
•7
Grcvth Characteristics of a Species of Lipoeyces
and its Degradation of Paraquat
Anderson, J.R.; Drew, I.A.
J. Gen Hicrobiol., 70(1), 43-58; 1972
SOILS; HBRIICID1S; ADDITITES; HII1RALS;
• DIRIEITS; G80BTH; DBGRADATICI; PABAQOAT
Studies on the Degradation of an isoxaiolone
Fungicide by Pore Cultures of Soil Bacteria
Anderion, J.R.; Horsgood, U.K.
Soil Biology and BiocheaiBtry, 3(«), 271-280; 1971
D18RAIATIOI; ISOIAZOLOIE; fOlGICIDBS; SOILS;
EACTIIIA; BRAtOZOLOI; IITROGEK; PESTICIDES; EXTRE
Soils enriched with «- (2-chlorophenylhydra«OBe)-3-
aethyl-S-isoxaxolone (draxoxolon) yielded 70
tacterial isolates capable of degrading this
fungicide, la AEJOBACTM ClOACAE-lilce organise
and a aoafIncrescent PSEODOROIAS sp. used the
cosponnd as a sole source of nitrogen giving rise
to 2- (2-cklorophenylhydrasoae) -aceto-acetic acid
(••tabolite drasoxolon) and 0-chloraniline. The
type of energy source influenced the degradation,
flvccse repressing its extent and rat*. Both
organises were capable of degrading the fungicide
at concentrations ranging froa *.2 I 1B-U to 2.1
I 1B-2B and both isolates! also degraded
coraercial forsnlations of the fungicide. Crude
esiyei preparations were capable of degrading the
••itlcide to aetabolite drasoxdoa only.
8
-------
49-55
49
Pate and carryover Properties of Teiik Aldicarb
Pe«ticid« (2-iathyl-2- (Bethy Ithie)
Propionaldehyde 0-(Hethylcarbamoyl) Oxim«) in Soil
Andraves, H.B.; Eagley, W.P. : Herrett, B. A.;
Research and Development, Deft, cf Chemicals and
Plastics, Dnion Carbide Corporation, Clayton,
North Carolina
Journal of Agricultural and food Chemistry,
19(l»). 727-"730; 1971
TEHIK 1LDICARB PESTICIDE; PESTICIDES;
PROPIONALDEHTDE: SOUS; SAHDY LOAM; POTATOES;
11DICARB; ALDICABB SULFOXIDB; A1DICASB SOLFOBE;
BAIBPALL; DISSIPATION
3.a kg/ha S-methyl-carbon 14 aldicarb vas applied
to Norfolk sandy loai planted tilth potatoes or
left fallov. After 90 days no aldicarb was
detected in either cultivated or fallov soil and
only 0.07 and 0.05 ppa, respectively, ef
transformation products vere detected. Aldicarb
snlfoxide, aldicarb snlfone and later-soluble
•etabolites «ere the principal transformation
products. naxiBum dissipation rates vere
associated with heavy rainfalls at various tines
during the groiing season.
50
Metabolism and Residues of Teaik Aldicarb
Pesticide in Cotton Foliage and Seed Under Field
Conditions
Andraves, H.R.; Bomine, B.8.; Bagley. R.P.; Bes.
Dev. Dep., Onion Carbide Corp., South Charleston,
8. Va.
3. Igr. food Chem. (JAFCAtJ) 1973, 21(3) 379-86;
1973
ALDICARB; PESTICIDES; COTTON; RESIDUES; HETABOIISH
52
Biochemistry of Iron in Soil
Aristovskaya, T.I.; Zavarzin, G.A.; Tsentral'nyi
Buzei Eochvovedeniya iieni T. T. Dokuchaeva,
Leningrad, OSSB
Part cf A. D. McLaren, J. Sknjins (Eds.), Soil
Biochemistry, Vol. 2 «e« Tork, Usreel Dekker,
Inc. p. 385-408
BEVIBI; IRON; BIOCRENISTBI; SOILS; TFABSFOBHATIOI
A xeviev, vith 102 references, of iron bacteria
and ircn transformation.
53
Preliminary Studies on the Adsorption of Arseaite
in Punjab and Raryana Soils
Arora, S.K.; Singh, H.; vaid, K.K.
Indian J. Sci. Ind., 1, 139-141; 1967
ADSORPTION; ABSBHITE; SOILS; ORGANIC HATTER; CLAT
SESQDIOXIDES; ARSENIC
The adsorption of arsenic by soils was affected
mainly by organic matter, bat also by clay
percentage and amount cf sesguioxides.
54
Besidual Amounts of Simazine in the Soil and in
Different Organs and Parts of Apple Trees
Arshidinov, A.A.; Isin, H.H.; Kaz.
Nauchno-Issled. Inst. Plodovod., Tinograd., Ossr
Izv. Akad. Nauk Kaz. Ssr, Ser. Biol.(Ikabar)
1973, 11(2) 30-3; 1973
SIHAZIRE; RESIDUES; SOILS; APPLES; TBEES
51
Retention of Mercury by Soils. 1. Hercnry
Residues of Paddy and Orchard Soils
Aomine, S.; Kavasaki, H.; Inoue, K.
Soil Sci. PI. Hut., 13, 186-188; 1967
SOILS; LEACHIHG; CLAT; SILT CLAT;
HONTHORILLOHITE; PHENTLHE8CDRIC ACETATE;
ADSORPTION; COLLOIDS; ALLOPRARE; KAOLIIITE;
HEECDRY
Hercury residues vere confined tc the surface
layer in some soils; in other soils much mercury
occurred in the subsoil. Apparently the leaching
of mercury is related to the clay content of the
soil and the mineralogical composition of the
clay. Considerable leaching occurred in a silt
clay soil in which montmorillonite predominated.
Soils can retain phenylmercuric acetate by
adsorption by colloids, particularly mineral
colloids. Hontmorillonite adsorbs phenylmercnric
ions and also phenylmercuric acetate as a
•onolayer in interlayer spaces, vith expansion
of the basal spacing. In coiparison vith
montmorillonite, allophane adsorts less
phenylmercuric acetate, and adsorbed mercury «as
easily removable by leaching, probably because of
its lov negative charge. Kaolinite adscrbs very
little mercury, due to its siall surface area and
lov negative charge.
55
Response of Soil Algae to Picloram 2,«-D Mixtures
Arvik, J.H.; Willson, D.L.; Darlington, L.C.
Weed Sci 19 (3). 1971 276-278
HERBICIDES; GROWTH; INHIBITION; SOILS; ALGAE;
PICLORAH; 2,»-o
-------
56-61
56
Influence of Soie soil Characteristics on tha
Dissipation Rate of Landrin Insecticide
Asai, R.I.; Gunther, F.A.; Sestlake, M.E.; Citrus
Eesearch Center and Agricultural Experiment
Station, University of California, Riverside,
Calif. 92502
Bulletin of Environmental contamination and
Toxicology, 11(4), 352-358
SOUS; DISSIPATION; IANORIH; INSICTICIDES;
PERSISTENCE; HALF-LIFE; BREAKDOWN; HYDBOLT.SIS
The rates of dissipation of landrin fro*
nonsterile soils were primarily dependent upcn
the soil type. The persistence half-lives of the
Landrin applied ranged from less than 4 to
greater than to days in the 8 soils investigated.
Rates of breakdown increased with increasing
soil PH (above pR 7), indicating alkaline
hydrolytive microorganisms were also involved,
however. Soil organic matter did not seem to be
a major factor in Landrin degradation.
57
Novement of Herbicides in Soil with Simulated
Furrow Irrigation
Ashton, 7.
Weeds, 9, 612-619; 1961
flOVEMEHT; HERBICIDES; FORROW
IRRIGATION; IRRIGATION SOILS
58
Organic Chlorine as an Index of Soil Contamination
Atabaer, S.R.
Gig. Sanit. , 10(5), 79-81; 1966
CHLORIDE; SOILS; OBGANOCHLORINBS
59
The Stability of the Pesticide Aldrin Under the
Conditions of a Hot Climate
Ataba«v, S. H. ; IChasanov, I.O.; Kazarova, L.S.
Giqiena I Sanit., 35(4), 108-10.9; 1970
ALDBI"; COTTON SSBDj SOILS; COTTCK; RSSIDBES;
AIR-tRIBE; AERIAL APPLICATION HACHIlG;
IRRIGATION; PERSISTENCE; LOAHT;
PASTORE-MARSHLA*C; SARDT IOAR; RESERTOIRS;
ACCUMULATION; «ATIR; HIGRATICN
In connection with the use of aldrin ai a cottcn
seed treatment in 1961-1965, a hygienic
evaluation of the stability cf the compound in
various types cf soils in the Uzbek, USSR was
undertaken. Soil from four provinces was
studied: Tashkent, Andizhan, Fergana and
Khorezm. In Andizhan province and Fergana,
aldrin had been used for 2 years both as a seed
dressing and aa an aerial treatmtnt foe cotton.
Soil samples were taken at depth* cf 9 to 30 and
70 to 100 cm at different times after
application. The results are charted and show
that aldrin contaminated the upper layers
predominantly. After 75 days, aldrin residues
vere 0.15 mg/kg of air-dried soil in the upper
layer and three times less in the deeper layer.
Residues were still present at 1 CO days taut had
disappeared, after 20 months. Aerial application
led tc greater aldrin contamination of the soil.
Its disappearance was explained by the high
temperatures, microbiological processes, plant
assimilation and leaching during irrigation.
Aldrin persistence was found to depend on the
soil type. In Uzbekistan, the same dose of
aldrin left higher residues in pasture-marshland
soil than in loamy or sandy loam type soils,
crganic matter in the soil apparently playing a
role. Studies in 1965 in Andizhan, Kashka Darya
and Syrdarya provinces, where aldrin had been
used in 1964, showed significant residue
pollution of the soil and migration of the
residues into the deeper layers of the^soil.
After 2 years, self-cleansing of the upper layers
had occurred but aldrin could still be detected
in the 70- to 100-cm layers up to 5 years later
and longer. Host agriculture in Uzbekistan is
dene b) irrigation farming; the aldrin soil
residues have acted as secondary sources of
pollution of irrigation reservoirs in every
instance. The survey has shown that aldrin is
stable in a hot climate; soil self-cleansing
eccurs in the upper layers after 2 years and in
the 70- to 100-cm soil layer after 5 or more
years. Aldrin residue accumulation depends on
the sell type and it does migrate to deeper
layers, from whence it may serve as a source of
secondary pollution of open bodies of water.
60
A Beviev of Sodium Honofluoroacetate (compound
10EO) : Its Properties, Toxicology, and Ose in
Predator and Rodent Control
Atzert, S.P.; Division of Wildlife Service,
Bureau of Sport Fisheries and wildlife,
Washington, D.C.
U.S. Fish Rildlfe Service, Bureau Sport Fisheries
wildlife. Special Science Report, wildlife, 146,
1-34; 1971
RARFA; SODION MONOFLOORACETATE; ABSORPTION;
DISTRIBUTION; AHIHALS; DETOXIFICATION; EXCRETION;
TOIEEIRCE; ACCOHOIATIOK; POISOKING;
TRANSLOCATIOH; PERSISTENCE; PLANTS; WILDLIFE;
REVIIW; PREDATOR CCRTR01; RODENT CONTROL
latly research on NaHFA (sodium
mogoflnoracetate), its occurrence in nature,
physical and chemical properties, absorption, and
distribution, mode of action, toxicity in
animals, latent period, detoxification and
excretion, tolerance and accumulation, secondary
poisoning, treatment of NaHFA poisoning,
translocation and persistence in soil and plants,
and the use of HaHFA in the United states, as a
bait for predators on wildlife are reviewed.
61
Conversion of DDT to DDE by two Rite Species
Aucamp, J. I.; Botcher, J.W.; Michigan State
University, East Lansing, Michigan
Revue d'Bcologie et de Biologie da Sol 8(4)
635-638; 1971
EOT; DDE; RITE; DIGESTIVE TRACT; CONVERSION
DDT entering the) digestive tract of CAL08LTFRDS
KRAHItl with contaminated food was rapidly
converted to DDE. BRIZOGLYPBUS ROBINI, collected
from tha same habitat, was poorly adapted for
this function and yielded only minute quantities
Of DDL
10
-------
62-66
62
Systemic Transfer of 32P-Labelled tonsulfothion
from Soil into Pasture Plants: 1 Note
Avrahami, 1C.: Vallaceville Anil. Res. C«nt., Din.
Agr. Fish., Private Bay, Upper Butt, N. Zealand
Hew Zealand J. Zip. Agr. 1(2), 203-206; 1973
IHOSPHOROS; JEBSOLPOTHION; SOUS; PLANTS; CLOTER;
8YBGRASS; OPTAKE; ABSORPTION
In pot trials, 32p-labelled fensulforthion was
taken up from treated soil by white clover and
ryegrass and converted to hydrolysis products.
The rate of uptake was about twice as high IB
ryegrass as in white clover and with each pasture
plant about tt tiies as auch «as absorbed after an
application equivalent to 44 kg/ha as after 22
kg/ha. In soil only it. 5* of the radioactivity
•as hydrolyzed in 10 days, and fensolfothion and
fensulfothion sulfone vere the only significant
residues. Plants contained fensulfothicn,
fensulfothion sulfone, fensulfothion oxygen
analog sulfoxide and sulfone plus noncholinergic
hydrolysis products. The hydrolyte fraction
accounted for abcut 33* of the radioactivity in
10- to 11-day-eld plants about SOX in 22- to
29-day-old plants. (3 references)
63
Soil Pollution by Organophcsphoroe Pesticides
Baida, T.A., Jr.
Zdravookhr. Kazakstana, 30(7), 72; 1970
PERSISTENCE; OSGANOEHOSPHOROS; PESTICIDES;
CABBAGE; CHLOROEHOS; TRICHLOFtON; EHOSEHARIDE;
SOFA TO I; HETAPHOS; HETHTL PABATHION; DOST;
RESIDUES; PHOTOELECTRIC CALORIIJEIRI; LEACHING;
OPGANOEHOSPHOROS PESTICIDES; ACCDHOLATION;
COHTAHIHATIOH; SOILS
The persistence of organophosphorus pesticides in
the soil was investigated on irrigated plots of
the experimental station of the Kazak Institute
of Plant Protection. The soil was dark chestnut.
The cabbage crop was treated four to five tiles
during the growing season and irrigated six to
eight tiles. Soil saaples were taken froa the 0-
to 10-cs and the 10- to 20-cs horizons 15, 3C and
60 days after the last treatment. The catbage
had been treated in Jane to August: 1200 L/BA
0.2* chlorophos (trichlorfon) during the secend
or third 10-day period in June and 600 L/HA 0.2*
fhosphMide and 25 kg/ha 2.5* wofatox (metaphos;
•ethyl parathion) dust during the liddle of July
and the second or third 10-day period in August.
Soil residues were determined after the lethcd of
T.G. Golnbev (1964) which is detailed
(photoelectric calorisetry). The results of the
study showed that the organcfhcsphcrus pesticide*
rapidly disappeared from the soil because of the
high organic matter content. Chlorophcs
disappeared the lost rapidly and could not be
detected 15 days after treatient. Hetaphos (0.88
•g/kq) could still te detect«d 2 weeks after the
second treatment of the cabbage tut by 4 weeks it
could not be dcteralned. The mod persistent wa*
(hosphaiide which was found up tc 60 days after
the second treatient in 4- to 5-ag/kg amounts.
There was insignificant leaching cf the
pesticides to the lower-lying soil horizons. Th«
rapid disappearance of these organephosphoras
pesticides excluded their accumulation and
contamination of the soil. The greater part of
the applied cheiicals stayed in the upper soil
horizons.
64
Factors Influencing the Adsorption Desorption and
Hoveicnt of Pesticides in Soil
Bailey, G. I. : Ihite, J.L.
Part of Gunther, F.A. (Ed.), Residue Reviews,
Vol. 32, Tirazine Herbicides, Syaposiua,
Springer-Verlag. Mew Terk, R.T., Heidelberg, West
Germany, (p. 29-92) «13p.; 1970
INSECTICIDES; HERBICIDES; ADSORPTION; DESORPTIOH;
KOVEREH; SOILS
65
Review of Adsorption and Desorption of Organic
Pesticides by Soil Colloids with Implications
Concerning Pesticide Bioactivity
Bailey, G.S.; Shite, J.L.
J. Agr. Pood Ches., 21, 324; 1964
REVIEi; ADSORPTION; DISORPTION; PESTICIDES; SOILS
66
Environmental and Edaphic factors Effecting the
Detoxicaticn and Subsequent Degradation of a
Herbicide, Butachlor
Eaird, D.D.; Oniv. Tennessee, Knoxville, Tn
Thesis, University of Tennessee, Knoxville,
Tennescee, University Hicrcfilms Order No. 72-15,
!04 ESf.; 1971
BOTACRLOR; HERBICIDES; DEGRADATION; SOILS;
GBIER80DSE; BIOASSAT; BARNYARD GRASS;
TERPEEATORE; PR; FLOODING; DEGRADATION; CARBON
CIOXIEE; INHIBITION; METABOLITES; WATER;
S010BI1ITT; SOL7EHTS; GROWTH CRABBER
The influence of specific edaphic environmental
factcrs on the detoxication and subsegnent
degradation of n-butox yiethyl-2-chloro-2',6'-diet
hylacetanilide (Butachlor) was evaluated under
greenhouse and growth chamber conditions.
Cetoxication of bntaehlor, as aeasured by
fcioacsay with barnyard grass, was significantly
enhanced by increasing temperatures to 32 degrees
C, making the soil alkaline, flooding,
introducing relatively high levels of organic
•atter, and by allowing exposure of more than
four weeks. Total degradation of butachlor to CO2
was enhanced also by high teiperatures and length
of exposure but was inhibited to a certain extent
by flooding. Soil produced aetabolites, of which
three were soluble in certain organic solvents
and five were water soluble, were also influenced
ty environmental factors, temperature and length
ef exposure being lost significant. Flooding
influenced the formation of certain metabolites
soluble in organic solvent but did not influence
the presence or aiounts of water soluble
• etabclites.
11
-------
67-72
67
Effect of the Herbicide Atrazine en the
Hicroflora and its Detoxication in Calcareous
Chernozem
Bakalivanov, D.; N. Pushkarov lost. Soil Sci.,
Sofia, Bulg.
Kongr. Hikrobiol., Mater. Kongr. Hikrobiol.
Bulg., 2nd(25DJA7), U, 259-61; 1971
ATFAZINE; SOILS; MICROPLORA; SOPIEESSIOH;
HERBICIDES
Concentrations of 3.5 »g atrazine /kg in
calcareous chetnoiem soil suppressed the number
of bacteria, actinoaycetes, and molds added to
the soil hy 30, 20, and 50* respectively the
affect lasted for 1-2 months.
68
Effect of Temperature and Ultraviolet Radiation
on the Persistence of Methyl Parathion and DDT in
Soils
Baker, R.D.; Applegate, R.6.; Tex. ASH Unit. ,
College Station, TIC
Agron. J. 62, £09-512; 1970
TEHPERATOHE; ULTRAVIOLET RADIATICK;
PARATHIONj PARATHION; DDT; SOILS; ClAI; LOAM;
PESTICIDES; DDE; DDD; DBF; DDH
In controlled environmental conditions using
Houston black clay, Pima silty clay and Pinal
gravelly loan treated with a mixture of methyl
parathion and DDT at 5, 20 or 1CCC micrograms/g
results indicated that temperature and
ultraviolet radiation (300 tc HOC ••) accelerated
the loss of pesticides from the coils. Lost of
DDT was lore affected by temperature than loss of
•ethyl parathion. Houston black clay coil at
both temperatures (30 or 50 C) with or without
irradiation, retained more DDT than the other 2
soil types, in soil extracts the only
identifiable breakdown product of COT was DDI
(2,2bis(p-chlorophenyl) -1 , 1-dichlcroethylene) .
Froi irradiated standard samples the DtT
breakdown products included CDI, DCD (2,2 bis
(p-chlorophenyl) -1, 1-dichlcroethan«) , DBP
(tt,
-------
73-81
73
Chlorinate! Pesticide Residues in the Soils of
Arezzo Province
Banelli, G.; Lab. Chi*. Pror. Arezzo, Arezzo,
Italy
Boll. Lab. Chii. Prov. (BOLAAO) 1972, 23(4) 352-6;
1972
SOILS; CHLORINATED INSECTICIEES; INSECTICIDES;
RESIDUES
74
Microbiological Detozication of Herbicide in the
Soil
Bankov, v.p.
selskostop. Hauka(SENAAL) 1972, 11(1) 53-50; 1972
REVIEW; HERBICIDES; DETOXIFICATION; SOILS;
BICROFLOR1; MICBOORG1HISHS
The detoxification of herbicides in the soil bj
•icroflora is reviewed.
75
Trifluralin Behavior in Soils. 2.
Volatilization as Influenced by Concentration,
Tiie, soil Moisture Content, and Placement
Bardsley, C.E.; Savage, K.E.; Ualker, J.C.
igron. J., 60, 89; 1968
VOLATILIZATION; SOILS; TRIFLORALIN
76
Studies on Aqueous Suspensions of Insecticides.
6. Further Notes on the Sorption of Insecticides
by Soils
Barlow, F.; HadawarT, A.B.
Bull. Entoiol. Research, 49, 315; 1958
1QOEOUS SUSPENSION; IHSICTICIDES; SOHPTIOM; SOUS
77
Behavior cf Triphenyltin Acetate in Soil
Barnes, E.D.; Bull, A.T. ; Poller, R.C.; Queen
Elizabeth, College, London, England
Cheiy Ind. So. 7, 204; 1971
TRIPHENYLTIN; THIPHIHYLTIN ACITATE; SOIL; CARBON
14; TPTA; DEGRADATION; LEACHING; NITROGEN;
HALF-LIFE
Experiments with Carbon14-labelled ttyphenjltin
acetate. (TPTA) indicated a half-life of
approximately 140 days in soil. Degradation
appeared to be by licrobial activity. TPTA was
not removed froi a 25 cm column cf soil after 6
weeks of continuous leaching and about 70% of the
extractable fungicide regained scrbed in the top
4 cm of the soil. Neither rate nci total extent
of nitrification were depressed ty TPTA
concentrations 5-10 higher than the usual
agricultural doses.
78
Persistence of the Organotin Fungicide Fentin
Acetate (Triphenyltin Acetate) in the Soil and on
Suifaces Exposed to Light
Barnes, R.D. ; Bull, A.T.; Poller, R.C.; Dep.
Chei.. Queen Elizabeth Coll., London, England
Peatic. Sci. (PSSCBG) 1973, 4(3) 305-17; 1973
IBHT1N ACETATE; PERSISTENCE; SOILS; TBIPHBNYLTHI;
1EACHIHG; PHTTOPHTHOHA; POTATO; FUNGICIDE;
DEGRAtATIOH; VOLATILIZATION; HODEL;
PHOTCCECONPOSITIOK; TIN; DIPHEHTLTIN;
HOUOPHENYLTIN; MAMMALS; PLANTS; LEACHING
The fungicide, fentin acetate (triphenyltin
acetate) was biologically degraded by 25* in the
soil in 140 days. Volatilization was negligible,
and leaching did not occur. In studies with aodel
systeis, photodecoiposition of fentin acetate to
inorganic tin occurred via diphenyltin and
•onophenyltin compounds. Fentin acetate is
effective for control of phytophthora infestans
on potatoes; however, it is also toxic to plants
and maimals.
79
fate of Herbicide Derived Chloro Anilines in Soil
Bartha, R.
J Agr rood chem 19 (2). 1971 385-387
FAT!; CHLOBOANILINIS; F.HRBICIDES; SOILS
80
The Fate of Heptachlor in the Soil Following
Granular Application to the Surface
Barthei, ».F.; Hurphy, R.T.; Mitchell, H.G.;
Caley, C.
3. Agr. Food Chem. , 8, 4"45; 1960
FA7E; HEPTACHLOE; GRANULAR APPLICATION; SOILS
81
Concentration of Piclora* in the Soil Profile
Baur, J.R.; Baker, P.O.; Bovey, R.W.; Snith, J.D.
Heed Sci., 20(4), 305-309; 1972
HERBICIDES; PICLORAM; SOILS; RESIDUES; SPRAYS;
P01YHSBS
One icnth after the application of 1.12 kg/ha
picloram, the residues recovered in the top 15 ci
cf soil were 93 ppb and in the U6 to 122 c»
level, less than 5 ppb. 6 aonths after
application 5 to 10 ppt were recovered in the 0
to 183 ci level and less than 5 ppb in the
198-224 ci level. Conventional piclora« sprays
resulted in significantly higher soil residues
than polymerized sprays, although they were
identical with respect to loveient through the
soil. Residues froi polyier granules were greater
than froi polymerized sprays.
13
-------
82-89
82
Scientific Research on Environmental Pollution by
Pesticides Contribution to the Study of the
Problem
Bazzi, B.
Contrib. 1st. Ric. Agrar. Hilano., 11, 37-»2; 1912
INSECTICIDES; SOUS; PISTICICIS
86
The Significance of a Biologically Active Soil
Beckaan, E.O.
Vitalst Zivilisationskr, 15(5), 181-18U; 1970
RICROFLORA; AGRONOMY; OSAGE; HERBICIDES; SOUS;
INZYH
63
Endrin Transformations in Soil
Beall, n.; Harris, w.G. ; Nash, R.G.
3. Environ. Qual., 1(i»), 391-39U; 1972
LAKELAND; SANDY LOAN; ENDRIN; SOYBEANS; RESIDUES;
TRAHSFORHATION; IHDRIN DF.ITA KITCSE; ZHDRIR
ALCOHOL; ENDRIN ALDEHYDE; ENE8IN KETONE: SOILS;
LOAK
A Lakeland sandy loam was treated at three depths
with carbon-1«-«ndrin insecticide in which one
crop of soybeans {GLTCIRB RAX I., KERB.) was
grown. After the soybeans were harvested, the
soil was sectioned and assayed fcr endiin
residues. At least three and possibly five
transformation products of eidrit cccurred. Two
products were identified as cndrin delta ketene
and endrin alcchcl. A third product may have
been endrin aldehyde. Endrin transfonaticn
appeared to increase with soil depth. In an
extremely acid soil (pH 4.2) endiin transformed
to some endrin ketone and probably endiin
aldehyde during treatment cf the dry soil, bat
not of moist soil. Acid or base treatment of
endrin and several endrin isomers indicated that
endrin vas stable under basic conditions and the
endrin alcohol and endrin aldehyde (presumably)
were stable in all treatments tested eicept the
case treatment at 100C for endrin aldehyde. (18
references)
84
Crop Seedling Uptake of DDT, Dieldrin, Endrin,
and Heptmchlor from Soils
Beall, H.L.; Rash, R.G.
Agronomy J., 61, 571-575; 1969, July - August
UPTAKE; DDT; DIELDRIN; ENDRIN; REPTACHLOR; SOILS;
SREENHOOSE; SOTBURS; WHEAT; com; ALFALFA;
BHOHZGRASS; COCOHBERS; IHS1CIICItES; PESTICIDES;
ABSORPTION; RESItOES
85
later Degradable Polymers for Controlled Release
of Herbicides and Other agents
Beaaley, R. L.; Collins, 8.1.
Science (Washington), 169(3947). 769-770; 1970
RATER; HERBICIDES; DEGRADATION
67
Dissipation of Acetanilide Herbicides from soils
Eeestman, E.G.; Deming, J.H.
Agron. J., 66(2), 308-311; 197U
ALACHIOB; 80TACHLOB; PROPACHIOR; HALF-LIFE;
VCIATI1IZATION; MICROBIOLOGY; ACETANILIDE;
LEACHING; PHOTODECOMPOSITION; DISSIPATION;
HEBBICIDES; SOILS
88
Iscmsrization of Gamia-BHC to Alpha-BHC in the
Environment
Benezet, H.J.; Matsumura. F. ; Dep. Entonol.,
Dniv. Wisconsin, Hadison, wi
Nature (London) (NATOSA) 1973, 213(5408) 180-1;
19T3
IINDANE; SOILS; HICBOORGANISHS; ISOHEBIZATION;
BHC; ACCUMULATION; TRANSFORMATION; INCUBATION; NAD
Ricroorganisms (PSEUDOBONAS FOTIDA) in pure
culture isomerized gamma-BRC to alpha-BRC. The p.
PDTIDA normally produced
ga»a-pentachlorocyclohex-1-ene from gamma-bhc,
cut cculd produce alpha-bhc OX) on incubation
nith RAD. Samma-tetrachlojrocyclohex-1-ene (19*)
WBE also produced along with alpha-BHC. Alpha-BHC
can be isolated from the environment in
guantities larger than those expected on the
tails of selective accumulation of impurities
from the starting product alone. Soil
microorganisms could be the cause of the
transformation of gamma-bhc to alpha-bhc in the
envircnment.
89
Gesidual Amounts of the Herbicide Picloram in
Soil and Plants
Eerezovskii, R.Y.; Krumzdorov, A.M.; DSSR
Dokl. Tskha (Timiryazev. Sel'skokhoz.
Akad.) (DTSKAG) 1972, Re. 180(Pt. 2) 151-6; 1972
FICLCBAH; CICARBA; SOILS; PLANTS; RESIDUES
14
-------
90-94
90
Use of S-Triszine Derivatives as Herbicides en
Peat Soils
Berezovskii, K.Y.; Nemova, G.S.; Hoskov. S.-KH.
AKAD. IN. Timiryazeva, Moscow, USSR
Agrokhimiya(AGKTAU) (12) 102-10; 1973
TRIAZINE; HERBICIDES; PEAT; SOILS; ATRAZINE;
FROHF.T8YKE-, PROPAZINE; ABSORPTION; TRANSPORT
Herbicidal derivatives of s-triaiine were much
•ore strongly adsorbed by peat scils than by
mineral soils, such as sod-podzolic soil. This
high absorptive capacity of peat soils toward
triazine derivitives greatly decreased their
herbicidal activities, their transport through
the soil, and their availability to weeds, but
their inactivation still proceeded with
sufficient intensity. Thus, atrazine was
adsorbed as much as 19-fold lore strongly by peat
as by sod-podzolic soils under various
conditions, and prometryne was r«tained in the
upper 5 CM of peat soil. Also, one is obliged te
apply high doses of triazine herbicides and to
preferentially apply them as posteiergence
treatments on peat soils. However, at 6 Kg/Ha,
prometryn was inactivated within 2-3 aonths, but
propazine was inactivated only in 1.5-2 years.
91
Microbiology of Soil
Berkeley, R.c. «.
Part of 1. E. Hanker. A. H. Lincoln (Eds.),
Micro-Organisms: Function, Fcri, and Environment.
Edward Arnold, ltd., U79-51K; 1971
SOILS; CARBON; NITROGEN; SULFUR; PHOSPHORUS;
INTERACTION; PESTICIDES
Includes sections on: the scil environment, the
soil inhabitants, methods for studying soil
organisms, transformations in the soil (C, X, S,
P), interactions and relations of soil organists,
pesticides and licre-organisis.
92
Persistence of Teniticides in Hawaiian Soils
Bess, H.A.; Hylin, J.H.
J. Dcon. DntOBOl.. 63(2), 633-63f; 1970
BIOASSAT; TERBITICIDE; SOILS; TERMITES; RESIDUES;
DIELDRIN; ALDRIN; REPTACHLCB; CHLCBDANI; DCT;
LIHDANE; SODIOM ARSBNITE; HEFTACHLCR BEOXIDI;
DALDRIN; PERSISTENCE
Bioassay and residue analysis data on
termiticide-treated soils revealed that after 7
years of exposure in the field there were wide
differences among the soils treated with the
termiticides both in toxicity, or the
availability of the toxicants to the test
termites and residues and the toiicities and
residues were not closely related. On the tasis
of the seventh-year toxicity to test termites,
soils treated with seven termiticides ranked in
the following order: dieldrin greater than
alflrin greater than hettachler greater than
chlordane greater than DDT greater than lindane
greater than sodiui arsenite. In relation to
residues present, the crder was DDT greater than
chlordane greater than heptachlor and heptachlor
epcxide greater than daldrin and converted
aieldrin greater than dieldrin greater than
lindane greater than sodium arsenite. A further
ranking on the basis of percentage of termiticide
remaining was DDT greater than dieldrin greater
than heptachlor and heptachlcr eporide greater
than lindane greater than of the eighth and ninth
years and from the standpoint of toxicity, after
9 years dieldrin and aldrin were clearly superior
to the other termiticides in the tests.
93
Coipetitive Adsorption of Diguat(2 plus),
Paraquat (2 plus), and Ca (2 plus) on Organic
Fatter and Exchange Resins
Best, J.A.; Seber, J.B.; Weed, S.B.; North
Carolina state University, Raleigh, NC
Soil Science 111(6) i!!4<4-U50; 1972
ADSORPTION; DIQUAT; PARAQUAT; CALCIUM; RESINS;
CAICIOM CHLORIDE; CATICNS; SOILS
Flexibility in organic matter exchange sites was
suggested as the reason for the equal extent of
adsorption of paraquat, diquat and Ca as Cacl2.
Coipetitive adsorption revealed the relative
affinity of various adsorbents for these cations.
A histosol and its humic and humin fractions
showed preference in the order: paraquat greater
than or equal to diquat greater than Ca when
adsorption occurred on strong acid sites, and Ca
greater than paraquat greater than or equal to
diquat when adsorption occurred with weaker acid
groups. The IR-120 resin (strong acid) had an
crder cf preference of: diquat greater than
paraquat greater than Ca, while the IRC-50 resin
(weak acid) preferred Ca greater than diquat
greater than paraquat. Preferential adsorption
was attributed to the relationship between
surface charge density of the adsorbents and
cation charge spacings as well as steric
hindrance due to cation size.
90
Hetahclism and Degradation of Vinyl Phosphate
Insecticides
Eeynon, K. I. ; Hutson , D.H.; Bright, A.N.; Shell
Res. ltd., Sittingbourne/Kent, England
Residue Rev. (RRE»AH) 1S73, »7, 55-1*2; 1973
Vim PHOSPHATE; IHSECTICIDES;
BETABCLISM; DEGRADATION; CROTOXTPHOS ;
C1U05TEHVIHPHOS; TETBACBLORTESVUIPHOS; MEVINPHOS;
FHOSPHAHinON; DICROTOPHOS; HONOCROTOPHOS ; BATES;
PLANTS; ANIMALS; VINTl PHOSPHATE INSECTICIDES;
SOILS
15
-------
95-100
95
Analysis of crops and Soils for the Triazine
Herbicide Cyanazine and some of its Degradation
Products. 2. Pesults
Beynon, K.I.; Posio, P.; Elgar, K.E.; Soodstock
Agric. Res. Cent., shell Res. ltd.,
Sittingbourne/Kent, England
Pestic. Sci.(PSSCBG) 1972, 3 (") , H01-8; 1972
CTANAZINE; HERBICIDES; DEGRADATION; SOILS
crops and soils from field trials in 1967-1970 in
several countries were analized fcr residues of
the triazine herbicide, Cyanazine (BLACEX) and
its degradation products, 2-chlo
ro-u-(1-CARBAnOYL-1-Hethylet by lamino)-6-ethy latino
-1,3,5-triazine 2-chloro-U- (1-cyano-1-Rethyl«tbyla
•ino)-6-a»ino-1, 3,5-triazine, and
2-chloro-4-(l-carbonyl-l-methylethylai
ino)-6-amino-1,3,5-trlazine. Tht ti»e for tie
concentration of Cyanazine in soils to decrease
to 50% of the initial value was approximately 1.3
to 5 weeks; the rate of loss was not affected by
sparse crop cover and there «as sowe indication
that the rate vas greater under icist soil
conditions. Residues up to 0.5 pps of carbamoyl
triazine and up to 0.08 ppm carbonyl triazine
were detected in soils at 4 weeks froi catba»oyl
triazine application at 2 kg/ha. The residues of
cyanazine and the degradation products declined
rapidly and were 0.07 ppt at 16 necks frot
treatment, neither residues of eyanazine not
those of carbamoyl triazine, cyano triazine, or
carbonyl triazin« were detected in a wide range
cf crops harvested fro* soils treated with
recoMended amounts of cyanaxine, and the limits
of detectability were 0.01 to O.C4 ppi.
96
Comparison of the Breakdown of the Triazine
Herbicides Cyanazine, Atrazine, and Siiazine in
Soils and in Naiie
Beynon. K.I.; Stoydin, 6.; Wright, A.N.;
Woodstock Xgric. Res. Cent., Shell Res. Ltd.,
Sittingbonrne/Kent, England
Pestic. Biochei. Physiol. (PCBPBS) 1972, 2(2),
153-61: 1972
TRIAZINE; HERBICIDES; SOILS; OEGBACATXOH;
»TRIZI»E: SIIUZMS; CTA«zm
Atrazina and Simazine degraded la soil* at a
•lower rate than Cymnazine, with hydrolysis cf
the Cl to OR predominating, with cyanaiine, nitre
group hydrolysis occurred before cl hydrolysis.
Itrazine «as degraded in eaize sap lore slowly
than cyanazin*, and only hydrolytlc reactions
were evident. Chlorotriatines and
hydroxytriazines were present following cvanacinc
treatment of maize plants grown in moil. The
cblorotriazinem were probably taken op as much
from the moil.
97
Fates of the Herbicides Chlorthiavid and
Dichlcbenil in Relation to Residues in Crops,
Soils, and Anisals
Eeynon, K. I. ; Wright, A.N.; Hoodatock Agric. Res.
Cent., shell Res. Ltd., Sittingbourne/Kent,
Ingland
Residue Rev. (RRKTAH) 1972. 43, 23-53; 1972
BE?II»J HEPBICItlS; EICHLOBIS1L; DEGRADATION;
CHI05THIAHID
98
Occurrence of DDT Residues and Netabolites in Soil
Ehuiya, Z. H. ; Rothwell, D.F.
Pak. J. Sci. Res., 21 (3-U) , 1969, 97-99
OCCURRENCE; DDT; RESIDUES; NETABOLITES; SOILS
99
Adtorption of Piclorn (U-Amino-3, 5,
6-trichloropicolinic Acid) on Panoche, Ephrata,
and Falousa Soils. Thermodynamic Approach to the
Adiorption Mechanism
Biggar, J.«.; Cheung, H.W.; Dept. Water Science
Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA
Soil Sci. Soc. Amer.. Proc. (SSSA.A8) , 37(6)
863-8; 1973
HZBBICIDES; ADSORPTIOH; SOILS; THERHODYNAHICS;
riCLCSAN; FREOMDLICH BQOATIOM
The adsorption of picloram by panoche, ephrata,
and paloose soils could be described by the
frcundlich equation: x/w « KCE1/K, where »/• »
micrograms Herbicide adsorbed/6 soil, Ce »
egailibriam concentration in ppm, and K and 1/H
an consistant. The standard free energy,
entropy and enthalpy associated with the
adsorption of these soils were determined. The
themcdynamlc parameters calculated from the
adsorption measurements in these experiments were
ostfol in elucidation cf the lechanisas involved.
100
Sorption and Movement of Polluted Water in Soil.
Appendices
Eiggar, J.I.; Riggs, R.L.; Public Health Service.
Washington, DC 29130
Honitoring Agency Sept. Ho. 18; Grant
FWFCA-WP-0081-06; PB-217 25V, 219; 1973
LIIDAIE; IISICTICIDKS; ADSORPTION; PIELDHIN;
KACLIIITE; DDT; CBLOIIIE; GHOOWDtATER; SORPTIOI;
SOILS
Ihe report consists of several appendices, each
of which la a stady of the adsorptive behavior of
various insecticides in solution on soils.
16
-------
101-108
101
Degradation of Dieldrin to Carbon Dioxide by a
Soil Fungus TBIC80DIBU KOIIIGI
Bixby, H.«.; Bovah, G.M.; Ratsuanra, t.;
Wisconsin University. Madison, Wisconsin
Bulletin of Environmental Contaalnation and
Toxicology, 6(6), 491-494; 1971
EIELDBIX; CABBOI DIOXIDE; DECOHPCSXTIOI;
DBGBADATIOR; SOIL FOHGUS; SOUS
Testa vith C14-labelled di«ldrio showed that 3.11
of the radioactivity was associated vith the CO2
evolved daring decomposition.
102
Physicochelical Study of the Adsorption of
organic Pesticides by clays
Bladel, R.T.
Ann Geabloax, 77 (3), 1971, 183-194
ADSOBPTIOI; PESTICIDES; C1AT
105
Effect of Da la pan an* the Amine Salt of 2,»-D on
th« Bgtritive System of Tarious Soil Types
Bliev, Y.K.; Leaingr. Ranch.-Issled. Inat. Lean.
Khcz., Leningrad, DSSB
Agrokhimiya(AGKTAO), (1), 112-17; 1973
BBBBICIDES; SOILS; DALAPOR;
DICHLOBOPBBROXYACETATB; AHIHE SALT; ACCDHDUTIOH;
IBBIGATIOH; 2,4-0; RITBOGER; Hands; ROBILIT1;
P01ASSI08; PHOSPHOHOS
in a 2-year experiment, dalapon at 20 kg/ha plus
the aiine salt of 2,4-D at 2 kg/ha increased B03
accumulation in three derno-podzolic soils and a
leached chernozea whose aoisture contents were
•aintained at 60* of the Halting filed capacity
by acnthly irrigation. Dalapon at 60 kg plus the
aiine salt of 2,4-0 at kg initially decreased R03
accumulation but eventually increased it. The
Herbicides did not hive auch effect on the huaus
and tctal nitrogen contents of the soils,
inereaaed the aobile-phosphorus content soaevhat
and did not affect the content of exchangeable
(otassium.
103
Proceedings of the 162nd Meeting of the American
Chemical society Division of Pesticide Chemistry
Symposium on Chlorodioxins Origin and late
Blair, E.H.
Part of Blair, I.H. (Ed.), Chlorcdioxins-Origin
and Fate, Advances in Chemistry Series, Mo. 120,
Proceedings of the 162nd Meeting cf the American
Chemical Society, Washington, DC, Sept. 16-17,
1971, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC,
(p. 1-135), 141; 1973
PESTICIDES; CRLOBODIOIIH; HTE; OBIGIR
104
Effect of Herbicides on the Biolcgical Activity
cf Soils
Slier, T.K.; Leningr. Inst. lesn. Khoz.,
Leningrad, QSSB
Pochvovedenie(PTCEAZ) 1973, (7) 61-8; 1973
DALAFOM; CICRLOBOPHZBOXYACETABIDI; SOUS;
NITROGEN; FIXATION;' BEBBICIDIS; lITBOGltl;
CELLULOSE; DEGRADATION; CATALYSIS; CHBBBOZEB:
SODDT-PODZOL; ECDZOL; BESPIBATIOH;
HINEBALIZATION; BBSIDOES; LEACHKG; CBUOLOSZ
DEGRADATIOR; ABTLASE; IHTEBTASI; EHZYNI
A dalapon-2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetaiide mixture in
a 20*2 kg/ha dose decreased, and in a £0*6 kg/ha
dose increased the intensity ef soil respiration
in chernozem and soddy-podzolic soil. Ihe
herbicide mixture initially inhibited and then
stimulated mineralization of plant residues. Both
the nitrogen fixing (for the first 10 days) and
cellulose-degrading (in leached cternoiem)
activities in the soil vere increased by
treatment with the dalapon-2,4-dichloccphenoxyac«t
amide mixture. The herbicide mixture increased
the catalase activity but did not affect the
invertase or aaylase activity of the soil.
106
Decay Time of DDT
Bloom, S.G.; Henzel, D.B.; Battelle Memorial
Institute, Columbus, Ohio,
Science, 172(3980), 213; 1971
CECAT; DDT; HALF-LIFE
107
Pesticides in the Environment. Bibliography of
Secondary Effects, Residues, and nechanisms of
Action
Bluaenbach, 0.; Biol. Bundesanst. Land-
Forstnirtsch., Berlin-tahlea, Germany
Ritt. Biol. Bundesanst. Land- Forstwirt.,
Berlin-Dahlem(NBBLA9) 1971, 141, 146; 1971
BEVIEt; PESTICIDES; BESIDDES; BECRAHISH
A listing of refs. Published between 1965 and
1970.
106
Deteriination of Rexilur in Hater, Soil, and
Products of Plant Origin
Botrcva, V.I.; Bernatskaya, L.S. ; Vses.
Hauchno-Issled. Inst. Gig. Toksikol. Festits.,
Folia. Plast. Hass, Kiev. OSSB
Khim. Sel. Khoz. (KSKZAH), 10(9), 698-99; 1973
HEIIIOBE; SOILS: »ATIR; HERBICIDES; ANALYSIS
17
-------
109-112
109
Environmental Factors Influencing Trifluralin
Diffusion in Mexico Silt loai Soil
Bode, I.E.; Oniv. Missouri, Columbia, Ho.
Univ. Microfilms, Ann Arbor. Mich., Order No.
73-7015. Diss. Abstr. Int. B.. 1973, 33(9), 4251;
1972
TRIFLORALIH; DIFFUSION; SOILS; HERBICIDES; SILT:
SI IT LOAN; LOAN
An understanding of herbicide movement in soil is
necessary for developing placement specifications
for herbicides. Diffusion of radiolabeled
trifluralin through mexico silt loam soil was
leisured ir diffusion cells under laboratory
conditions. Preliminary studies indicated that
trifluralin diffusion coefficients are
independent of diffusion time and chemical
concentration in the soil. Vapor diffusion
contributed the major portion of total diffusion
at bulk densities less than 1.2 g/c« cubed. The
magnitudes of vapor and solution diffusion are
similar at bulk densities between 1.2 and 1.4g/ci
cubed. There is an exponential relationship
between temperature and the diffusion coefficient
in the temperature range from 4.4 to 19 C.
Diffusion vas low air-dry soil fcr all
temperatures, passing through a laximum at 8-151
moisture, when the air-filled porosity was
reduced below approximately SOU, diffusion
declined rapidly. A predicition model employing
15 terms and vbich accurately described the
response surface of trifluralin diffusion
coefficients vas developed. Diffusion
coefficients of 3.8 x ie-11 to 2.8 x 1«-6 cm/2
sec were found.
110
Mechanism of Trifluralin Diffusion in Silt Loam
Soil
Code, L.Z.; Day, C. I.; Gebhardt, II.R.; Soaring,
C.E.; 0.S. Delta States Agric. Bcs. Cent., Agric.
Res. Serv., Stoneville, Hi
Weed Sci. (WEESA6) 1973, 21(5), 480-4; 1973
TRIFLORALIN; SOUS; DIFFUSION; DITIRHIIATION;
DIFFOSIOH COEFFICIBHT; FICK'S LAi; SIIH LOAB;
SILT tOAH; BOtK DENSITY; SOtDTIOl DIFftlSIOS;
TAPOB DIFFUSION; POBOOS
rick's second law with a constant diffusion
coefficient adequately described trifluralin
diffusion through mexico silt loam soil in the
laboratory, regardless of concentration or
diffusing time. Solution diffusion increased
directly with balk densities to 1. 1 g/cm3 and
than decreased, whereas vapor diffusion decreased
60* for every 10* decrease in air-filled
porosity. Taper diffusion contributed the major
portion of total diffusion at balk densities less
than 1.2 g/cm3. for bqlk densities between 1.2
and 1.« g/cm3, the magnitudes of rapor and
solution diffusion were similar.
111
Prediction of Trifluralin Diffusion Coefficients
Bode, I.E.; Day, C.L.; gebhardt, M.S.; Goering,
C.I.j 0. s. Delta states Agric. Res. Cent., Agric.
Ses. Serv., Stoneville, Hi
»e«d Sci.(HEESA6) 1973, 21(5), 485-9; 1973
THIFLDR&LIN; SOILS; DIFFUSION; DETERMINATION;
TEBPEBATOPE: DIFFUSION COEFFICIEHT; MOISTURE
At «.«-<(9 degrees there was an exponential
relation between temperature trifluralin
diffusion coefficients in soil. Diffusion was low
in air-dried soil for all temperatures, then
increased to a maximum when the soil had 8-161
moisture, and then decreased as moisture content
increased still further. Diffusion decreased when
the air-filled soil void space was reduced below
401. An equation was developed to predict
trifluralin diffusion coefficients from a
factorial experiment with 7 soil moisture
contents, 5 soil temperatures, and 2 bulk
densities. Diffusion coefficients ranged from
3.6e-11 cm squared/sec to 2.8e-6 cm sguared/sec.
with the equation it is possible to predict
trifloralin diffusion coefficients for any
combination of measured soil parameters if they
are in the range of the variables used in the
experiments.
112
Biochemical Transformation of Pesticides by Soil
Fungi
Eollag, J.H. ; Dept. of Agronomy, Pennsylvania
State University, University Park, PA
Crit. Rev. Microbiol., 2(1), 35-58; 1972
PESTICIDES; FOBGI; SOUS; T.EHOBIOTIC; OXIDATION-
HtDRCIISIS; FBOOCTIOK; SIHTHZTIC PROCESS; EHZYHE;
LYSIS; FOMGAL CELLS; FOHGAL ENZYMES;
BIOTBA1ISFORHATICII; REVIEW
This review summarized known fungal detoxication
reactions of pesticides to provide a general
concept of the possible transformation reactions
which can be expected from the interference of
fungi with xenobiotic compounds. The various
reactions ware grouped as oxidation, hydrolysis,
reduction, and, synthetic processes. Fungi
participate actively in the biotransformation of
pesticides, but the resulting products in
laboratory experiments often show only a slight
change from the parent substance. It is
important to be aware cf the passible
environmental toxicity of metabolic products as
opposed to the original substance, ihereas
pesticidal molecules sees little changed by
fungal interference when observed under the
•iniial, attificial conditions of a synthetic
growth medium, contrary results were obtained
with a purified enzyme, in a natural
environment, lysis of lungal cells occurs and
fungal enzymes are released which may be
teiponiiblm for the transformation of a
peiticidal chemical.
18
-------
113-118
113
Retabolism of Carbaryl by a Soil Fungus
Bollag. J.H.; Liu, S.T.; Dep. Agron..
Pennsylvania State Oni».. University Park, Pa.
J. Aqr. Food Chem. (JAFCAU) 1971, 19(3), U87-90;
1971
CARBABYL; HBTABOIISH; SOILS; FUHGOS; GIIOCLAUIOII:
IHSECTICIDES
The fungus GLIOCIiDItJH ROSEUR, isolated fro*
soil, metabolized carbaryl tc 3 letabolites ihicfc
were isolated by thin-layer chromatography and
identified as 1-naphthyl
n-hydroxymethylcarbamate,
-------
119-124
Tate, Metabolism, and Toxicity of
3-Isopropyl-1H-2,1.3-Benzothiadiazin-» <3H) -1,2,2-D
ioxide in a Hodel Ecosystem
Booth, G.M.; Yu, C. C.; Hansen, D.J.: Illinois
Nat. Hist. Surb., Orbana, II
J. Environ. Qual. (JEVQAA) , 2(3), U08-11; 1973
BENTAZON; HSTABCIISH; FOOD CBAISS; ACCUBOIATIOH;
ALGAE; »ISH; SN»ILS; MOSQOITOIS; CLAHS; CBAES;
PRESHHATHR; AQUATIC ECOSTSTEHSS; VATER;
FRESHWATER CRAGS; WATER FLEAS; FIEAS; HODEL;
IIODEL ECOSYSTEM; DDT; GAHBOSIA PISH; AO.OARIOM
VATER; METABOLITES; FATE; PERSISTENCE; AQOATIC
IOOD CHAIN
The herbicide bentazon (3-iscpropyl-1h-2, 1,3-benzo
thiadiazin-«(3fl)-one 2, 2-dioxide) did cot
accumulate to a significant extent in a 7-eleient
food chain (algae, fish (ELOEEA tp.}, snails
(PHTSA sp.), mosquitos (COLEI QOINQOIPASCIATOS),
dais (CORBICOLA NANILENSIS) , fresh vatec crabs
(OCA BIN AX), and water fleas (DAFHKIA RAGHi)) in
a lodel ecosystei, when compared with DDT.
Bentazon (10 pp») was not toxic to the crab,
snail, or gambusia fish, and onlj slightly toxic
to the water flea. The primary metabolite of
bentazon isolated froi the aguariui water was
n-isopropylanthranilaiide, whereas anthranilic
acid was the priiary i«tabolit« Isolated from the
crab. Unmetabolized bentazon and a trace
•etabolite n-2-carboxyphenjl-n-isopropjlsulfodiami
de were also found in the water and crab. Thus,
although bentazon may not be dangerous to aquatic
food chains, it will persist in water as a
•icropollutant.
120
Biochemical Transformations of Herbicide-Derived
Anilines in Soil
Bordeleau, L. M.; Rutgers State Oeiv., Haw
Brunswick, N. J.
(DABSAG) 1971, 192; 1971
HERBICIDES; ANIL ME; SOILS
121
Biochemical Transformations of Herbicide-Derived
Anilines. Requirements of Molecular Configuration
Bordeleau, L.H.; Bartha, R.; Dep. Biocfcem.
Microbiol., Rutgers State Univ., lew Branswick.
*. J.
Can. J. Hicrobiol. (CJHIAZ) 1972, 18(12). 1873-82;
1972
HERBICIDES; ANILINE; TRANSFORMATION; PON6DS; SOUS
122
Ecology of a Herbicide Transformation. Synergism
c£ Tuc Soil Fungi
Bordeleau, L.H.; Bartha, R.; Dap. Biochem.
Hicrotiol., Rutgers State Dniv., New Brunswick,
N. J.
Soil Eiol. Bioche*. (SBIOAH) , 3(4), 281-U; 1971
PRCPASI1; TRANSPORBATIC1I; SOILS; PDNGI;
STNER6ISN; HERBICIDES
In nutrient soluticn and in sterilized soil, the
sequential transformation of
N-|3,U-DICBLOHOPHENYL) Propiona«ide (PHOPANIL) to
3,3", 1, U" -tetrachloroazobenzene and other
complex residues vas brought about by the
synergistic interaction of 2 comion soil fungi,
PENICILLION PISCARION and GEOTHICHOM CANDIDUN.
The interaction benefited both organisms as the
end products of the transformation seguence
allowed higher growth yields than either the
parent herbicide or its priiary cleavage product.
The aynergism of the-2 fungi prevailed only in
the herbicide-induced stress situation.
123
Biochemical Transformations of Herbicide-Derived
Anilines. Purification and Characterization of
Causative Enzymes
Bordeleau, L.H.; Bartha, R.; Dep. Biochem.
Bicrebiol. , Rutgers State Dniv., New Brunswick,
N. J.
Can. J. Hicrobiol. (CJRIAZ) , 18(12), 1865-71; 1972
HERBICIDES; ANILINE; PONGDS; RETA.BOLISH; SOILS'
IIROXIDASE; PILTRATION; ENZYME; TRANSFORMATION;
GEI FILTRATION; DIALYSIS; SALT PRECIPITATION:
PI1SICASE; PR; RESIDUES; OXICASE
From a col tare filtrate of the soil fungus
CECTBICHOB CANCIDDH two extracellular enzymes
were separated that were active in transformation
on aniline. Using a concentration, salt
precipitation, dialysis, and gel filtration
segaence, the two enzymes, a peoaidase and an
aniline oxidase, were purified 5«- and 68-fold,
respectively. The characteristics of the
partially purified enzymes were compared and were
found to b« for peroxidase and for aniline
oxidase, respectively, as follows: optimal pM
egnalc 1.1-5.0 and 1.8-5.1, energy of activation
(Qv-3.0 and 1.6 apparent Km (aniline) 3.1 x is-it
and ».» x ie-m. Km (B202) for peroxidase was 2.
-------
125-131
125
Biochemical Transformations of Herbicide-Derived
Anilines in Culture Medina and in Soil
Bordeleau, L.H.; Bartha, R. ; Dep. Biochem,
Microbiol., Batgets state Oniv., l«« Brunswick,
I. J.
Can. J. Hicrobiol. (CJHIAZ) 1972, 16(12), 1857-6H;
1972
PEEOXIDiSI; SOUS; HICHOORGARISM;
TETRACHLOROAZOEEIZMI; DICBI.CI01IIIIKB:
GEOTBICHOD; ANILINES; HERBICIDES;
TRANSFORMATIONS; SOILS
1 correlation was established between teroxidase
activity of soil and its capacitj to transfon
3,4 dichloroaniline, a breakdown product of
several herbicides, to 3,3,4,11
tetrachlcroazobenzene. Suppl«»entation of soil by
carbon and nitrogen sources for microbial growth
stiaulated both activities, and pointed to the
microbial origin of soil peroxidases. Several
peroridase prodding bacteria, actinomycetes, and
fungi were isolated fro* soil and Here
characterized, of psychiatrists, the basis of its
rapid growth and highperoxidase activity, a
geotrichum candidoi strain was selected for
further study. The culture filtrate of this
organise exhibited both peroxidase and aniline
oxidase activity. The highest per eilligras dry
•eight activity cf these enzyies Das observed
after cultivation on a nineral salts medium
supplemented with soil extract and yeast extract.
126
adsorption of On ion i Ted Herbicide Molecules by
Soil Organic Ratter
Borger, R.; Institut de Recherches Chiiiqnes,
Tervurett, Belgium
Bevue de 1*Agriculture, 25(2), 2C1-208; 1972
ADSORPTION; BBHBICES; SOILS; RBTIF.R
127
Adsorption of Lindane and Dieldrin Pesticides on
Onconsolidated Aquifer Sands
Boucher, F.R.; L«e, F.G.; later Ch«i.
Oniv. Wisconsin, Madison, Ris.
Program,
Environ. Sci. Technol.(ESTHAG) , e(6), 538-O; 1972
PESIICIDIS; ADSORPTION; AQOIFZR; SARD; LINDANE;
DIELDRIH; SOILS
The adsorption of Lindane and Dieldrin on natural
aquifer sand froi portage county, Wisconsin, was
investigated in laboratory batch tests. Free
aqueas solutions containing S-50C licrcG
pesticide/1., the adsorption capacity cf the sand
vas in the ng/g range. The pesticide uptake was
not affected by temperature and tR. Naturally
occuiing organics present in two Visconsin lake
waters- reduced the adsorption of dieldrin vithcut
affecting that of lindane. Nearly 701 of the
absorbed lindane and 20K of the adsorbed dieldrin
vere leached in three successive washes of
distilled water.
128
Pesticide Residue Data Intonation Retrieval
Syites
Bourke, J. H. ; Loft us, 6.; Lisk, D.J.; Pestle.
Residue Res. Lab., lew York State Agric. Exp.
Stn., Geneva, >. I.
J. Agt. Food Chai. (JirCAO) , 20(6), 127S-8; 1972
PESTICIDES; INDORSATION RBTHIBfAL SYSTBH;
COHF011R DATA BAIDII1G; RESIDUES
Eeoloqical Aspects of Pesticide Microbial
Relationships
Boush, G.H.; Batterton, J.C.
Part cf Natsumnra, T., Bonsh, G.B. and Hisato, T.
|Bd.). Environaental Toxicology of Pesticides.
Proceedings of a united states-Japan Seainar.
Oiso, Japan, October, 1971; Acadeaic Press: Rev
lork, RT; London. Zngland, (p. 401-422) 637 p.;
1972
BACTIRIA; FUNGI; SOILS; HICROORGANISHS
130
Pesticide Degradation fey Marine Algae
Boush, G.H.; Hatsuiurn, F.; Department of
Intoiology, University of Risconsin, Hadison, RI
•0657
Annual Report No. 1, Feb. 1, 1972 - Jan. 31,
1973; AD-7S» 8»1; Proj. RR-306-061; Contract
ROC01U-67*A-0128-0023; Monitoring Agency Rept No.
18, 8 p.; 1973, February
HEIABCLISR; PLARTS; uROWTH; HOFfPHOLOGT; DDT;
(ASIRI BIOLOGY; PESTICIDES; DEGRADATION; ALGAE;
TLC; CARBOR 1«; RADIOTEACERS; AOTORADIOGRAPHY
A routine procedure to effectively survey algae
for potential degradative ability has been
developed. The pesticidal compound is added to
algae cultures in long, or active growth phase.
After incubation for seven days the cultures are
analyzed for aetabolites. This procedure allows
one to alnimize the possibilities of pesticide
inhibition to inlcnde possibilities of pesticide
inhibition of growth. Also, controls have been
expanded pesticide to killed algae cultures as
well as to cell-free media. This is done
primarily to monitor the degree of degradation
due to non-metabolic processes. All pesticides
are C11-labeled and degradation products examined
by comparative TLC and autoradiograpby. The
results to date of this survey are summarized.
131
Eieldrin: Degradation by soil Microorganisms
Eonsh, S.H.; Hatsumura, T.
Science, 156, 959-961; 1967
DIELCRIR; DEGRADATIOR; SOILS; HICR008GANIS US
21
-------
132-135
132
Metabolism of Insecticides by Microorganisms
Boush, G.H. ; Hatsumura, F.
Soil Biochem., 2, 320-336; 1971
INSECTICIDES; DEGRADATION; HICROCRGABIJBS;
METABOLISM; DDT; DDE; IDE; SOUS; BPOXIDATIOS;
CYCLODIENE; ORGA10PH05PHATES; CABBAHATES;
OXIDATION; HYDROLYSIS; PESTICIDES
Stable insecticides ace lost extensively altered
by biological degradation systems, particularly
microorganisms, in soil. A review of ticrcbial
•etabolisi of insecticides yields too little
information on which to base a scund theory
explaining such metabolism, but it is possible
that their lipcphilic properties allov
penetration into the normally selective cell vail
and that organists surviving would be either
tolerant to or able to degrade the foreign
compound to a less toxic or more easily
eliminated fori. The Boat extensive studies on
DDT metabolites have been involved with the
production of CD! and TDE. Probably the best
documented metabolic activity of soils has been
the epoxidation cf cyclodiene insecticides.
Organophosphates and carbamates ace readily
degraded in soil by oxidation and hydrclysis:
microorganisms ccntcibute to this degradation.
The ease With which insecticide-degrading
microorganisms are found is frequently related tc
the overall stability of the pesticide. (63
references)
133
Persistence of 2,1,S-T ((2,1,5-Trichlorophenoxy)Ac
etic Acid) in Grasslands of Texat
Bovey, B.R.; Baur, J.R.; Plant Sci. Res. Div..
Agric. Res. Serv., College Station, T«i.
Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxiccl. (BECTA6). 8(1).
229-33; 1972
CHLOHOPHEHOXYACITATE; HESIDOIS; 6BASSLAHD; SOUS;
HERBICIDES; 2.U.5-T; ECOSISTEHS; TIBBBSTEIA1
EC OS I STEMS
2,1,5-T is short-lived in Texas grassland
ecosystems and does not produce residues that
persist from 1 year to the next, following
spraying with 0.5 or 1 Ib/acre, the residues on
grass were 26,500-111,000 ppl immediately after
treatment, 40-5.930 ppb at 6 weeks, and 0-51 ppb
at 26 weeks after treatment. In the upper soil
layer, the initial concentration* of 2,«,5-T were
9X3-5,390 ppb and decreased to 0-6 ppb at 12
weeks after treatment.
131
Occurrence of 2,1,5-T and Piclorai in Surface
Runoff Water in the Blacklands of Texas
Bovey, R»B.; Burnett, E.: Richardson, C.; Merlele,
H.6. ; Eaur, J.R.; Knisel, ».G.
J. Environ. Quality, 3(1), 61; 197H
HEEBICIDES; SATERSHEDS; RESIDUES; 2,1,5-T;
flCLCFAS; BOSOPF; SATES; TRIETHTLANINE SALTS;
PASTORES; SOILS; DEGBADATION; RAIHFALL
This investigation vas conducted to determine the
concentration of 2,1,5-T
((2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy) acetic acid) and
piclcram (i»-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid)
in surface runoff water that aay *ove froe
herbicide sprayed pastures and rangeland to
untreated areas as a result of each major
rainfall following treatment. A Is 1 mixture of
the triethylamine salts of 2,»,5-T plus picloram
was sprayed 5 times at 1.12 kg/ha every 6 months
en a native-grass pasture watershed. Soil,
grasses and runoff water were analyzed
periodically following herbicide treatment.
Herbicide content in the Houston Black clay from
Cay 1970 to Hay 1972 remained lov (0 to 238 ppb).
Herbicide content on grass was high (50 to 70
jpi) immediately after treatment, but degraded
racidly thereafter. Plant "washoff" was the main
source of herbicide detected in runoff vater.
Concentration of herbicide was moderately high
(100 tc 800 ppb) if heavy rainfall occurred
immediately after treatment, but low (less than 5
ppb) if major storms occurred 1 month or longer
after treatment. No damage occurred to cotton
(GCSSETIOH HIBSOTOH L.) or sorghum (SORGHUM
BICOLCR (L.) Noench) from either spray drift or
subsequent runoff water in fields adjacent and
below several herbicide-treated watersheds.
13!
Residual Characteristics of Picloram in Grassland
iccsyetems
Eovey, R.R.; Scifres, C.J.
Eulletin, Texas Agricultural Experimental station
B-1111, 2»p.; 1971
EICLCBAN; GRASSLAND; GRASSLAND ECOSTSTENS;
BAI6I1A1D; SOILS; SAUDI SOILS; SOHPTION;
HERBICIDES; DILOTIOK; PHOTODECONPOSITION;
1E5RISTRIAL ECOSTSTENS
In general when 0.5 Ib/acre or less of picloram
is applied to rangeland, especially on heavy
textured soils, downwaxd movement is much less
than where higher rates are applied to highly
permeable sandy soils. In fine sandy soils
detectable residues rarely moved below the top
foot of the profile following the application of
0.25 Ib/acce. lo extensive sorption of picloram
by the soil colloid or rapid detoxification by
sicrc-organiims is indicated. Dilation in the
soil say be one of the most important practical
means of dissipating this herbicide. It is also
susceptible to photodecomposition. Picloram
residues in the environment however do not appear
to be harmful to maamals, fish, birds, or insects.
22
-------
136-141
136
Trace Elements in Biochemistry
Boven, H.J.R.; Department of Chemistry, Th«
University, Reading. England
Academic Press, Hen lorK and London, 241 p.; 1966
SOILS; BLEHENTRAI CYCLES; TRACI IIIHINTS;
BIOLOGIC*! FRACT30SATTON; ISOTOPES; NATURAL
RADIOACTIVITY; AIR; RATER; PLANTS; ANIHALS;
RE VIE HI HETALS; SOILS
A brief review of the origin of the elements and
their occurrence in rocks, soils, the ocean and
the atmosphere. The elementary composition of
plants and animals is discussed, together with
guantitatiTe data on elementary cycles involving
living organisms. The uptake and excretion cf
elements, their essentially and toxicity, and the
occurrence of essential elements in enzymes and
other moleucles of biochemical interest are
discussed. Contains information on the naotral
radioactivity of organisms, and on the
contamination of the environment by both
radioactive and non-radioactive elements. A
summary of the data available for the occurrence
and behavior of 90 elements in the biosphere is
included.
139
long-Term Ose of Herbicides. Measurement of
Residues of Diuron and Simazine in an Orchard Soil
Bowel, K.R.; Biv. Irrig.
Anst.
Res., Csiro, Griffith,
Aust. J. Ezp. Agr. Anim. Husb. (AAAHAN) 1972,
12(58) , 535-9; 1972
SIBAZINE; ATRAZINE; GAS CH80HATOGRAPHY; TSIAZINE;
HERBICIDES; OIORON; SOILS; BIOASSAT; ORCHARDS;
FLAHTS; LEACHING
Simazine and Atrazine residues in soil were
determined by alkali flame detector gas
chromatography using a column packed vith
cyclohexane dimethanol succinate on chromosorb w,
and N as the carrier gas. The column temperature
nas 195,degrees. Interferences were removed by
the modified method of KMDSLI, E., et al.,
(1SS4). A linear response was shown in the
10-Htfl microG/ml range. The sensitivity was 5 mg,
and compared favorably vith that shown by
bioassay (HOLLEY, K AND ROBERTS R. A., 1963).
Ciurcn was determined only by cioassay. Following
repeated diuron and simazine treatments in
orchards, the former was leached in the soil to a
depth of 40 cm, whereas the latter was confined
to the surface 15 cm.
137
Effect of Rater Opon Halathicn Adsorpticn cnto
Five Nontmorillonite Systems
Bowman, B.T.; Adams, R.S.; Fenton, S.R.; IJnlv.
Hinn., St. Paul. UN
J. Agric. Ed. them., 18, 723-727; 1970
ADSORPTION; HALATHION; HCNTHORILICIIITE ; SODIOH;
CALCIDR; COPPER; IRON; ALflHIHOH; ION; CUT;
INFRARED SPECTROSCOPT; X-RAY EIPfRACTION:
HYDROGEN BONDING; CARBONYL OXYGE* ATOHS;
HYDRATION; WATERSHEDS; CATIONS; ION-DIPOLE;
DEGRADATION
The effects of Na», Ca*2, Cu«2, fe«3, Al»3 and
moisture content upon the adsorptive behaviour
and stability of m&lathioc on montmorillonite
clay were investigated by infrared spectrosccpy
and X-ray diffraction. At relative humidities
greater than HOK, malathion penetrated the
interlayer region of the lontmorillonite and Has
adsorbed as a double layer, giving an expansion
of 5.6 to 6.5 A. The adsorpt ion mechanism was
through a hydrogen bonding interaction between
the carbonyl oxygen atoms and the hydratioo
watersheds of the saturating cations. In
dehydrated systems, a direct ioa-dipole
interaction occurred between the carbonyl oxygen
atoms and the saturating cations. The magnitude
of both interactions increased with cationic
valence. No degradation of adsorbed malathion
was observed.
138
Behavior of Chlorinated Insecticides in a Bread
Spectrum of Soil Types
Bowman, H.C.T.; Schechter, M.S.; Carter, R. L.
J. Agr. Food Chem., 13, 360; 1965
CHLORINATED INSICTICIDES; INSECTICIDES; SOUS
1UO
Field Study of a Chlordane Residue Problem: Soil
and Elant Relationships
Boyd, J.C. ; Animal Science Dept. , Hontana State
University
Bull. Env. Contam. Toxicol., 6, 177-182; 1971
CHIOBEANE; LUCERNE; PLANTS; SOILS; BILK; MANURE;
CCiS
A year after chlordane at 1.5-2.0 Ib/acre had
been sprayed onto lucerne before the plants were
1.5 inches tall, the chlordane content of the
trash was 3.75 ppm under a new stand after a
single spraying and 2.08 ppm under an old stand
after 1-5 sprayings. Corresponding figures for
the tcp 0.25 inches of soil were 0.38 and 1.32
ppm and for the 0.25-2.0 inch layers 0.11 ppm.
Rhen lilk plus manure from contaminated cows was
applied as fertilizer, the chlordane content of
the trash was increased from 0.09 to 0.4U ppm.
1*1
Degradation of Fluoieturon in Sandy Loa» Soil
Eozarth, S.A.; Funderbnrk, H.R.; Department of
Gctany and Plant Pathology, Auburn University,
Datum, Alabama
Seed Sci. 19(6), 691-695; 1971
HERBICIDES; FLnoHETDRON; LOAN; DEGRADATION;
rmTBYLATION; SOUS; ANILINE; TRACER; CARBON 1»:
HYtRCIYSIS
In laboratory experiments degradation of
C1«-fluometnron (labelled in the trifluoromethyl
group) in non-autoclaved soil was accelerated by
addition of glucose plus yeast. Degradation was
slight and non-biological in autoclaved soil.
tegradation involved demethylation in two steps,
frcbatly followed by hydrolysis of the urea
linkage to form the aniline derivative. A small
but significant amount of 1UCO2 was released from
the sell.
23
-------
142-147
112
DDT and Toxaphene Movement in Surface Hater froi
cotton-D Plots
Bradley, J.R.; Sheets, T.J.: Jackson, B.D.
J. Environ. Oual., 1 (1). 102-105; t972
SOILS; RESIDUES; POHDS; WATER; DCT; TOttPHZHB;
HOTEHEHT; SORFACI WATER; COTTON
Persistence of Foliar-Applied 2,«,5-T in foody
Plants
Brady, H.A.; South. Porest Eip. £tn.. Fineville,
La.
Proc., S. Heed Set. Soc. (S»SIB1) . 26. 282-7; 1973
TRICHLOROPHESOTYACBTATE; HETABOLITES; TREES;
SOILS; BESIDUES; 2,4.5-T; PIAHTS; PEBSISTBiCE
Ground Contamination by Herbicides
Briski, A.; Cencclj, J.; Hocevar, J.: Racek, J.;
Sisakovic, T.; Metijski Inst. Sloi., Ljubljana,
Yugoslavia
AgrohemijaJAGHJAH) , (1-2), 37-143; 1973
HERBICIDES; FES I DDES; SOILS; SlfliZIHB; ATRIZIHZ;
METABROHORON; PROHETBTNE; VIHEIAFDS; ORCHARDS;
POTATOES; HOBOS
Data are given on residues of atrazine la the
vineyard, simazin in the orchard, and (rometiyne
and metabromuron in a potato field. Th< direct
correlation existed between the amount of hosua
in the soil, and the atrazine and sieazine
residues. The highest amounts of proeetryne and
•etabromuron wer« in the niddlt and upper soil
layer, respectively.
Comparison of the Disappearance of Eight
Organophosphoros Insecticides frem Soil in
Laboratory and in Outdoor Experiments
Bro-Rasmussen, E.; loddegaard, E.;
Voldnm-Clansen, K.; Ratn. Pood last.. Civ. Food
Additives, Pesticides, Contaminants, Gladsaxe,
Denmark
Pestic. Sci. 1. 179-182; 1970
IHSECTICIDES; SOILS; APRIDS; BHOBOPHOS; BECAHEOH;
TRICHLOROIATE; LOAB; 8BTABOL1TBS; PEBSISTBICE;
ORGA »0PHOSPHOR OS IHSECTICIDES
Co*parison of disappearance corves in
selllogarithsic coordinate syates* for aphidan
(0,0-diisopropyl-S-ethyl-salphiail nethvl
dithiophosphate) , broaophos, chlcrfenvinphoi,
dichlorfention. dinethoate. secaiban and
trichloronate in a loacy soil under laboratory
conditions and outdoor expedients showed that a
strict control of several parameters (for
example, moisture content of the soil and
teiperature) is necessary fot quantitative
description of persistence rates. However,
reasonably good agreement in the relative order
of persistence was found and a tentative
classification of the insecticdes according to
decree of persistence is suggested, netabolites
from ! of the insecticides were found in the
soil, but their contribution to total residues
and therefore to persistence vere not included
because of lack of definite identifications and
final determinations.
1UC
Degradation of Organochlorine Insecticides.
Prebltis and Possibilities
Brooks, 6.T.; Agric. Res. Counc. unit Invertebr.
Chen. Physiol., Univ. Sussex, Brighton, England
Festic. Cham., Proc. Int. Congr. Peatic. Che».,
2nd(24«AAI) 1972, 6, 223-36; 1971
FEVIES; ORSAIOCRLORIHE IRSICTICIDES;
IWSECTICIDES; 8ETABOLISH; DDT; BHZTNE;
BICTRAISFORNATIOH
A study of the chemical and biological
transformations oi organochlorine compounds is
made extremely difficult due to the small amounts
of available metabolic products.
BiotransforBation products say be produced by in
vivo experiments, use of tissue homogenates or
partially purified enzyme syatess, and use of
chemical systems modeling enzyme reactions. The
relevance of photochemical reactions to
•nvircnnental changes in toxicant composition and
the fact that photochemical reactions conducted
in the presence of oxygen sometimes produce
predicts similar to those foried by sicrosomal
mixed function oxidase enzymes illustrate the
usefulness of such reactions with organochlorine
compounds. Doe to the importance of anaerobic
micrebial biotransformations regarding the final
disposal of orgachlorine compounds, reagents such
as chromous chloride, which appear to mimic such
processes, will be of increasing interest.
Pathways of Enzymic Degradation of Pesticides
Brooks, 0.T.; Dnit Invertebr. Chem. Physiol.,
Oniv. Sussex, Brighton, England
Environ. Qual. Saf.(SQJFiP) 1972, 1, 106-64; 1973
KZVIEl; niTRIC DB6RADATIOI; PESTICIDES; BIZtBB
A review with 302 references. On the enzymic
procetses of pesticide degradation, on the nature
and ccnsegnences of the biotransformations, and
on tbe ensvsic mechanisms of toxicity, resistance
and snyergism.
24
-------
148-154
148
Metabolism, Degradation, and Volatilization of
Endrin After Application to soils
Brooks, T.H.; Hemphis State Cniv., Memphis, Tenn.
Univ. Microfilms, inn Arbor, Mich., Order He.
73-6517. Oiss. Abstr. Int. B.. 1973 33(9), 4160;
1973
BNDBIN; FATE; SOILS; METABOLISM; VOLATILIZATION;
DEGRADATION
To determine the fate of endrin applied to soils
thirty-seven compounds representing possible
metabolic or degradation products of «ndiin tare
purchased or synthesized and their
gas-chromatographic relative retention times
(BUT) determined on three columns cf different
polarity, field soil maples known to have been
treated with endrin were collected, extracted,
and analyzed; the RHT values obtained for the
principal extracted components v«re compared with
the values for the standards on the three
columns. Thirteen of the standards Batched with
the BRTs of aajor coiponents; 9 did not give GLC
responses on the columns used; and 15 definitely
were not among the aajor components of the sell
extracts. During a study of volatilization of
endrin and its metabolite, EBP1, from coils cndei
controlled conditions, increases in temperature
and percent moisture greatly increased
volatilization. Increases in rate of air flo* and
addition of nv radiation only slightly increased
en drill volatilization. ERP1 showed no detectable
volatilization after 4 days, (lore endrin
volatilized from the surface of a natch glass
than from the surface of the soil, although the
areas of the twc surfaces were similar. Prolonged
storage of endrin and related standards resulted
in conversion of 5 compounds, but none of the
conversion products matched with the HFT of a
major soil extract component.
149
Interaction of Inorganic and Organic Fertilizer
Materials with Pesticides as Dilated tc Water
Quality in Soils
Brown, D.A.
U.S. GOT. Res. Develop Pep., 70(6), 121, PB-188
913; 1970
NITRATES; AHHONIOH; CLAY; NITROGEN; FLUOHETOBON;
FEOHET8YNE; iLERIS; ADSOBPTICN; IERTILIZERS;
PESTICIDES; HATIB; SOILS
152
Performance and Persistence of Atrazine
Buchanan, C.A.; Riltbold, A.I.; Agric. Bxp. Stn.,
Aoturn Oniv., Auburn, Ala.
le«d Sci. (REESA6) 1973, 21(5), 413-16; 1973
ATBAZIHE; BBRBICIDAL ACTIOH; THIAZINZ;
BEBBICIDES; DEGBADATION; PERSISTENCE; CORK;
GRASS; REEDS
The effects of rate, time, and method of
application of atrazin* on its performance when
used for weed control in corn, and the
persistence of atrazine and simazine are
discussed. Grass and broadleaf weeds are
effectively controlled by atrazine. Experiments
proved atrazine to be short-lived in soils.
453
Researches Concerning the Residue and the
Shifting of Herbicides in Soil
Budoi, s.
Lucr. Stiint. Inst. Cercet. Zooteh, 13, 123-128;
1910
OATS; CORN; ATBAZIRE; DOSES; PHTTOTOXICITI;
SOILS; IRRIGATION; HIREICIDES
154
Further Studies of the Fate of Aldicarb in Soil
Eull, E. I. ; Stokes, R.A.; Coppedge, J.R.; Agric.
Res. Serv., U.S. Dep. Agric., College Station, TX
J. Econ. Ent. 63, 1283-1289; 1970
ALCICASB; SOILS; SANE; LOAN; CLAT; PR;
VOLATILIZATION; DECOHPOSITIOB; TRACER; FATI
C14-cr S35-labelled aldicarb was added to sands,
loams, clay, and an organic soil with pB's of 6,
7 or 8, and at moisture levels of 0, 50, or 100X
of field capacity. Aldicarb and its toxic
derivatives were relatively stable in all of the
dry sells, in sand at all moisture levels and in
loam with 501 moisture. There were no
differences due to pH except in the dry sand
sample of pH 6, where a rapid volatilization
occurred. At the 100* moisture level,
decomposition to ncn tciic products was rapid.
150
Biological Fate of Ddt in a Sub-Arctic Environment
Brown, N.J.; Brown, A.W.A.
J. Wildlife Hanage. , 34(»), 1970, 929-940
SOILS; PLANTS; ANIHALS; RESIIOIS; CDE; FATE; DDT
151
DDT Residues in Soil in the Rinnipeg Area
Brust, R.A.
Sanit. Entomol., 5, 1971 (Reed 1S73), 49-53
SOSOOITO CONTROL; VEGETATION; SOILS; DET; RESIDUES
25
-------
155-159
155
Transformation of Propanil Derived
3,«-Dichloroaniline in Soil to
3,3,HQ-HD3
3,0-BICHlOBOAllILIMI; 3 ,3-DICHLOHOAZOBENZENE;
3,3, K.t-TETRACHLOROAZOEENZENE; GAS LIQOID
CHBCHATOGRAPHT; COLORI BETRt; CARBAHATES;
FRCP«*IL; BEHZEHE; SOUS; RETABOLITES; HERBICIDES
159
Physiccchemlcal Interactions of Paraquat with
Soil Ccganic naterials and Model compounds. 1.
Effects of Teiperature, Time and Adsorbate
Cegradation on Paraquat Adsorption
Burn, I.G.; Hayes, M.H.; stacey, N.; Dep. Chem.,
Oniv. Birmingham, Birmingham, England
Re«d Res.(SEHEAT) 1973, 13(1), 67-78; 1973
PARAQDAT; ADSORPTIOH; SOILS; MODEL; ZEO-KARB-
AHEERLITE; POLTHERS; BESZOgniNONI POLTNEBS-
HOtOS; EQUILIBRIOH; IDS EXCHAHGE; CROSS LINKAGE-
DECOBEOSITIOH; DIPFOSION; DESRADATIO*; PATE
The adsorption of paraquat to zeo-karb 216,
jeo-karb 226, amberlite xad-2, benzoquinone
tolymets, an organic soil, and humic soil
fractions was studied in relation to time and
temperature. Adsorption equilibrium ranged from 3
boors for the soil and humic preperations to 08
honra foe the more highly crosslinked materials.
The adsorption equilibrium was not affected by
temperature (20-70 degrees), indicating that ion
exchange is the primary adsorption mechanism.
There was no evidence of paraquat decomposition
in any of the adsorption systems tested. The rate
of paraquat adsorption to soil organic matter or
model compounds apparently is controlled by the
diffusion rate within the adsorbent matrix.
157
Bicrobial Populations Hydrolyzing Propanil and
Accumulation of 3, 4-Dichloroaniline and
3,3',«,u'-tetrachloroaz benzene in Soils
Burge, H.D.; U.S. Department of Agriculture,
Beltsville, HD
Soil Biology and Biocheiistry 4(1). 379-386; 1972
PROPANIL; DICRLOBOARILIII: SCI1S;
TETRACHLOROAZOBEIZEHE; DCA; TCAB; HYDROLYSIS;
ACTLARIDASE; DECOHPOSITION; HICBCEIS
Between 30 and 60* of the propanil applied to 5
soil types va* hydrolyzed tc DCA within 2 to 1
hoars. The TCAB that accumulated was still
present after 280 days of incubation.
Propan' -hydrolyzing ARTHR08ACTEB and IOCARDIA
spp. k^fe present in large numbers, then finely
divided propanil was applied to mcist soils •
portion was rapidly hydrolyzed by an acylamidase.
The rate cf decomposition aad amounts of DC1 and
TCAB formed were unrelated to soil texture and
organic matter.
26
-------
160-165
160
Physieochemical Interactions of Paraquat with
Soil Organic Materials and Hodel Coiponnda. 2.
adsorption and Desotption Equilibria in Aqueous
Suspensions
Burns, I.G.; Hayes, H.H. ; Stacey, H.; Dep. Chei.,
Oniv. Biriinghai, Birmingham, England
Heed Res.(WEREAT) 1973, 13(1), 15-90; 1973
PARAQ0AT; ADSOBPTIOH; SOILS; DESORPTION;
EQOTLIBRIOH; ZEC-KARB; AHBIBIITE; fOLTHERS;
BENZOQ0IN01IJ! POL1MBHS; HOBOS; 101; ION EXCHANGE;
HYDROCHLORIC ACIE; SORPTION: HOOII
The adsorption and desorption equilibriums of
paraquat were studied vith zeo-karb 216, zec-karb
226, amberlite iad-2, benzoqninone polymers, an
organic soil, and humic soil fractions.
Measurement of the counter ion in solution at
equilibrium and correlation of the adsorption
vith exchange capacity for hydrogen lot
adsorbents shoved that ion exchange vas the
primary adsorpticn lechaniam. Desorpticn of
paraquat vith HC1 frci organic sell preperations
vas less than expected. The aidant of paraquat
adsorbed vas directly dependent en the
selectivity and on the exchange capacity of the
adsorbent, bat steric effects could also affect
the results. Desorption should behave as the
reverse of adsorption, when ion exchange is the
only lechanisi taking part in the sorption
process.
161
Studies of the Adsorption of Paraquat on Soluble
Euiic Fractions by Gel Filtration and
Oltrafiltration Techniques
Burns, 1.6.; Hayes, H.H. ; Stacey, H.; tep. Chei..
Unir. Biriinghai, Biriinghai, England
Pestic. Sci.(PSSCBG) 1973, « (5) , 629-41; 1973
PARAQUAT; ADSORPTION; SOUS; HOHtJS; SEQOENCI;
CATIONS; FEKLANI SOIL; SODIOH; CALCIOS;
OLTRAFILTRATION; FILTRATION; GIL FILTRATION
Paraquat dichloride (DICHLORIDE) was lore tightly
adsorbed by sodiui ion hamate (from a fenland
soil) than by calcine ion huiate. Apparently the
soluble huiate fraction has a selectivity
sequence for exchangeable cations. Cciparable
results vere obtained on coluins of sephadex g10
and fro» ultrafiltration threugh an am icon diaflc
ui-2 ultrafilter. Dichloride vas adsorbed to tbe
saie extent on each of 1 fractions of sodiui ion
huiate seperated on sephadex glOC.
162
Spectroscopic Studies on the Mechanists of
Adsorpticn of Paraquat by Humic-Acid and Model
Compounds
Burns, 1.6.: Hayes, H.H. ; Stacey, H.; Cheiistry
Departient, Biriinghai University, Edgraston,
Birmingham 615 2Tt, England
Pestic. Sci., 4(2). 1973, 201-209; 1973
CARBOXTLIC ION EXCHANGE; RESIHS; HYDRO QUIROIE;
WITHERS; ION EXCHANGE; ORGANIC HATTER; SOILS;
PARAQOAT; ADSOBPTION; HOHIC ACID; EEERS L»«
Changes in the relative sizes of the carboxylic
absorption bands in the infrared spectra (near
1730 and 1610 ci-1) of adsorbents tefore and
after treatment vith paraquat shoved that ion
exchange vas the predominant lechanisi fo
adsorption of the bipyridyl by H»ion saturated
preparations of a huiic acid froi an organic
soil, by tvo hydrogainone polyiers and by tvo
carboxylic ion-exchange resins. Attempts to
relate the extents of saturation (vith adsorbate)
of the exchange sites vith the optical densities
of tfce infrared bands vere unsuccessful because
of deviations froi Beer's Lav. ultraviolet
epectrcscopy failed to provide evidence for
charge transfer lechanisas in paraquat-huiic acid
coipl«xes in aqueous systeis.
163
The loss of Phosdrin and Phorate Insecticides
frci a Range of Soil Types
Burns, R.G.; Departient of Soils and Plant
Nutrition, California University, Berkeley
Bulletin of Environmental contamination and
Toxicology, 6(ft), 316-321; 1971
PHOSDRIH; PHORATE; INSECTICIDES; SOILS; HOCK;
CUT; PEAT; SARD; FBHSISTEHCt
Sterilized and nnsterilized soils vere incubated
vith the insecticides for various tiies up to 144
hours, Coiplete loss of Phosdrin had occurred
frci luck, clay and peat after tvo days, but
after about 6 hours the loss froi sand and
peat/sand became inch clover. Rates of loss froi
unsterilized soils vere up to tvice as great as
frci sterilized soils. Loss of phorate vas
slower, vith retention after 48 days froi 82 to
241 in the order; luck greater than peat, peat
greater than peat/sand; peat/sand greater than
sand, sand greater than clay.
164
Soil Persistence of Repeated Annual Applications
of Atrazine
Burnside, O.C.; Fenster, C.R.; licks, G.A.;
University of Nebraska, Linccln, Nebraska
meed Sci., 19(3), 1971, 290-293; 1971
ZIA-BATS-H; FALLOi PLOTS; HERBICIDE: DISSIPATION;
SPEINKLER IRRIGATION; PERSISTENCE; SOIL; ATRAZINE
Dissipation of atrazine in sprinkler-irrigated
fields vas faster in a silty clay loam of eastern
netraska than loais in central and vestern
nerraska. Atrazine dissipated faster under fallow
than laize culture in the vest but there vas no
difference in the center or east. In central and
vestern nebraska atrazine persisted in the soil
for greater than 1 year but in the east lost vas
dissipated before the next groving season.
Sprinkler irrigation larkedly reduced atrazine
longevity.
16!
Dissipation of Dicamba Piclorai and
2,3,6-Trichloro Benzole-Acid Across Nebraska
Enrnside, O.C. ; ticks, G.A.; Fenster, C.R.
Reed Sci., 19 (4), 1971, 323-325
SOILS; PERSISTENCE; PHTTOTOIICITT; DISSIPATION;
EICABEA; PICLOBAH; 2,3,6-TRICHLORO BEHZOIC-ACID
27
-------
166-172
166
* Greenhouse Study of Variance of Piclcra*
Retention in Soil and Duff fro» Juniper Sites
Burrough, L.N.; Fisser, R.G.
J. Colo-Syo. Acad. Sci., 7(2-3), 103; 1972
HERBICIDES; SOUS; PICLOHAB; HETINTIOH; DOFF
167
Hicrobial Degradation of Pip«ronylic-Acid by
Pseudoaonas-Fluorescens
Busvell. J.A.; Cain, R. B.
Febs. (Fed Ear Biochei Soc) Lett., 29(3),
297-300; 1973
DEGRADATION; INSECTICIDES; STHBRGISB
168
An Investigation of lateral Surface Hoveient of
Picloran
Eyrd. B.C.; Villiass, C.S.; BjerVe, B.I.
Proc Northeast Seed control Conf. 25. 398; 1971
HERBICIDES; SOILS; VATER; JIC10BIB; BOVENEBT;
LATEEAL BOVEBEHT
171
Influence of Organic Batter Content of soils on
Insecticidal Control of the Rirevori
Helanotus-Cos.eunis
Caipbell, 8.V.; Bount, D.A.; Healng, B.S.
J. Been. Entoaol., 6U(1), 1971, i»1-U«
COBH; HLDHIN; DIAZIHON; PARATHION; PRORATE;
CABBOFORAM; CARBABTL; ALDICARB; SOPRACIOE;
CYFOKATS; BIADEN; SIITj LOAH; LOAMY; 7IHE SAHD;
SAND; SOILS; INSECTICIDES; HCRBS; WOREHORB
172
Antimicrobial Agents. 7. Hicrobial Degradation
of the Antifungal Agent 2-Chloro-»-Hitrophenol
Sitrofangin
Capek, A.; Siiek, A.; leiner, J.; Heichet, J.
Folia Bictoblol., 15(5). 350-353; 1970
BEGRAEATIOH; DINITBOPHIHOL; FON6ICIDES;
2-CHL080-1-1IITROPHENOL
169
Hicrobial Betabolisi of the Pyridine Bing
Bacterial Degradation of 1, B«tbyl-«-Carboiy
Pyridiniui Chloride a Photolytic Product of
Paraquat
Cain, R.B.; Wright, K.A.; Houghtcn, S. ; Nencastle
Oni»ersity, England
Neded. Fac. Landouvvet. Rijkcaniv. Gent., 35(2),
1970, 785-798; 1970
ACHROMOBACTZR: NADR; GARDEN; SOILS; HERBICIDES;
BICROBES; BETABOLISB; DEGRADATION; PAHIQOAT
A bactariui. ACHROBOEACTIR D, isclated froi
garden soil, atilized 1-•«thyl-»-carbotypyridiniai
chloride as sole C sourct.
170
Th« Pate of Paragnat in Soils
Calderbank, A.: Toilinson. I.E.; Jtalott's Hill
Res. Stn, Brackntll, England
PAHS 15, «66-»72; 1969
PAEAQOAT; SOILS; ADSORPTION; HERBICIDES;
VOLATILIZATION; LEACHING; OEGBAC1TION
Initial inactivation (primarily da« to adsorption
of the active ion by the soil) ltd nltiiata fati
of the herbicide in soil are re*ie«ed. Loss** fey
volatilization, leaching and cheiical degradation
are negligible; displacement of paraquat fro» the
top soil if due to the lecktnical loveient of
•oil particles through the profile caused by
veathering and by faunal activity; photocheiical
as veil •« licrobiological pioceaits ••; play an
isportant role in the degradatioc (lost) of the
herbicide.
28
-------
173-178
173
Pesticides in Soil - Orgoaocblorine pesticide
Residues in Soil* and Crops of tic Corn Belt
Region, Dnited States - 1970
Carey, I.E.; Wiersma, 6.B.; Tai, R.; Hitchell,
W.6. ; Technical Services Division, Office of
Pesticide Prograis, Environmental Protection
Agency
Pesticides Monitoring Journal,
1973, Hatch
6<«), 369-76;
PESTICIDES; CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS; RESIDUES;
HERBICIDES; INSECTICIDES; FUNGICIDES; ATBAZIHB;
CAPTAN; HALATHION; PBOPACHLOB; AHIBEN; ALDRIN:
ARSENIC; DIELDBIN; CORN; SOTEIANS; SOBGHUR; BAT;
SOILS: CHOPS; GAS CHBOHATOGRAPHY; CHHOMATOGRAPHY;
ATONIC ABSOBPTION SPECTROPH010HETBY; DETECTION
IIHIT; POLTCHLORINATEE BIPHENYLS; CHLOiDANB;
TOXAPHENE; ENDRIN; ISODRIN; PERSISTENCE;
ORGANOPHOSPHATES; TRANSLOCATICH; ORGANCCHLORINF.
PESTICIDES
in order to detenine the levels of
organochlorine pesticides in the Corn Belt region
of the United States, a study vac initiated in
1970 to saiple 400 sites in 12 States. The
s»ipling areas followed the historical boundaries
of the Corn Belt and vere selected froi sites
designated for the Rational Soils Monitoring
Program. At each site a 2-qt soil saiple
(composite of 50, 2-by 3-incb cores, taken in a
grid pattern over each 10-acre site) was
collected as veil as a composite saiple of any
available standing crop. In addition, use records
vere obtained at each site for the kinds and
aiounts of pesticides used daring the 1970
cropping season as veil as the naies of other
pesticides known to have been used in the
previous 5 years. These data indicated that
pesticides had been applied to lost of the
agricultural acreages in the study area (up to
85*). Forty compounds were identified in use
records: 20 herbicides, 17 insecticides, and 3
fungicides. Atrazine vas most videly used,
followed by captan, lalathion, 2,4-D, propachlcr
(Sam rod), amiben, and aldrin. Forty-five percent
of the soil samples analyzed contained residues;
11 pesticides or ietabolites were detected.
Arsenic, which can occur naturally in soil, «as
detected in nearly all soil samples. The lost
commonly detected residues w«re these ef aldrin,
chlordane, and dieldrin. Seven compounds,
including four DDT metabolites, vere detected in
cornstalks, soybeans, sorghui grain, scrghni
fodder, and hay.
Dissipation of Soil-Incorporated carbofuran in
the Field
Caro, J.R.; Freesan, R.P.; Glotfelty, C.E.;
Turner, B.C.; Edwards, W.N.; Agric. Environ.
Qual. Inst., Agric. Res. Serf., Eeltsville, Hd.
J. Agr. Food Chei.(JAFCAO) „ 21(6), 1010-15; 1973
CARBONFURAR; INSICTICIDES; SCILS; DISSIPATION;
HETABOLISR; RAIZE; RDNOFF; SATERSHZDS; BATES;
CHOPS'. KINETICS; HALF-LIFE; f ATE: PR;
APPLICATION; ACCUMULATION; LEAVES
In a 2-year investigation, carbofnran dissipation
was eeasured by periodic saifling cf soil,
runoff, and Baize (ZEA RATS) crops in 1 siall
watersheds to which granular cartcforan had been
applied, either broadcast or in the soil farrow.
Carbofaron dissappeared fros soil by apparent
fiist-order kinetics, the half-life ranging froi
«6 to 117 days, vith 5-10* converted to
3-ketccarbofuran, which disappeared at about the
saie tate as the parent. Carbofuran persistence
•at increased with in-furrow application, sore
acid soil, and low soil te ape rat tire froi 0.5 to
2.0< of the carbofuron applied was lost in
runoff, lostly in water rather than in sediients
and less pesticide was lost in a given voluae of
runoff froi an in-furrow application than froi a
broadcast application. The saize accumulated
0.111 of the applied pesticide by late suner,
•ostly in the leaves, but residues had decreased
sharply by harvest. Host of the pesticide in the
leaves had aetabolized to 3-hydroxycarbofuran.
17!
Pathways of Loss of Dieldrin froi Soils Onder
Fifld Conditions
Caro, J.R. ; Taylor, A.«.
J. Agr. Food Chem.. 19(2), 379-38H; 1971
HAIZI-H; INSECTICIDES; RONOFF; WATER;
VOLATILIZATION; SEDIHBSTS; TBASSPOST; SOILS;
CRCCS; PLANTS
176
Measurement of Pesticide Concentrations in the
Air Cverlying a Treated Field
Caro, J.R.; Taylor, A.S.; Leion, E.R.
tart of West ley, E. (Ed.). Identification and
Measurement of Environmental Pollutants.
Symposium. Ottawa. Ontario, Canada, Jane 11-17,
1971. National Research Council: Canada, (p.
72-77),
-------
179-184
179
Soil Noistnre and Soil Type Influence Initial
Penetration by Organochlorire Insecticides
Carter, F.L.; Stringer, C.A.; Forest Eiperiaent
Station, Forest Service, U.S. Dept. of
Agriculture, Gulfport, MS
Bull. Entl. Contam. Toxicol., 5, «22-»28; 1970
HEPTACHLOH; ALDRIH; CHLORDAHI; DIELDBIB;
INSECTICIDES; SOUS; OBG ANCCHLORI«IS
IHSECTICIDES; SOIL MOISTURE; Sill; SAUDI SOUS;
CLAT
In laboratory experiments in which an emulsified
•izture of heptachlor, aldrin, gamma-chlordane
and dieldrin was Applied to the top of soil
columns, penetration by the
-------
185-191
185
Chemistry and Metabolism of Terminal Residues of
Organophosphorns Compounds and Cartamates
Casida, J.E.; Di». Entomol., Oaiv. California,
Berkeley, calif.
Festic. Cbei.. Proc. Int. Congr. Eestic. Cbem.,
2nd(24VAAY) 6, 295-31H; 1972
REVIEW; OBGANOPBOSPBORUS INSICTICIDES;
METABOLITES; DYFONATI; CABBABATE
186
Degradation of Organochlorine Insecticides in
Flooded Soils in the Philippines
castio, T.T.; Yoshida, T.; Eep. Soil Hicrobiol.,
Int. Rice Bes. Inst., Los Banos, Philippines
J. Agr. Food Chem. (JAFCAO) , 19(6), 1168-70; 1971
CBGAHOCHLORIHE INSECTICIDES; SOUS; DDI;
DEGRADATION; DOt; HETHOXYCHLCR; HEPTACBLOR;
CHLOBDANE; ALDHIN; DIELDRIB; FLOODING; iATEH
DDT, ODD, Methoxychlor, and Heptachlot degraded
faster in flooded soil than in upland soil. The
degradation rate increased with the organic
•atter content. ODD accumulated in DDT-tteated
flooded soil. Aldrin vas lore persistent in
flooded than in upland soil. Chlcidan and
Dieldrin vere persistent in both flooded and in
upland soil. The tests vece carried out by
adding the insecticide to soil samples in the
lab. Flood and upland conditions vere simulated.
187
Extraction and study of Soil Enzymes Metabolizing
Tryptophan
Chal*aignac, H.A.; flayaudon, J.
Flant Soil, 34(1), 25-31; 1971
HOHIC ACID; RADIO CHROHATOGRAPHT; RADIO
BESPIROHETRY; SOILS; HETABOLISH; ESZYHI;
TRTPTOPHAN
188
Adsorption of DDT on Solid Particles
Chaipion, D.F.; Olsen, S.R.
Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc., 35(6), 887-891; 1971
SEDIMENTS; SOILS; INSECTICIDES; 111; ACSOBETION;
ION EXCHANGE; RATER
The adsorption of DDT fro* water by ion exchange
resins, aluminium oiides, ion exchange celluloses
and soils vas determined by measuring
HC-labelled DDT remaining in solution.
FositiTely charged adsorbents adsorbed more EDI
from solution than negatively charged adsorbents.
When soil-vater systems vere shaken for 2 days
before the addition of DDT the amount of DDT
adsorbed by the soil decreased, probably because
of the association between DCT and organic matter
and suspended clay particles in the aqueous phase.
189
Insecticide Adsorption of Lake Sediments as a
Factcr Controlling Insecticide Accumulation in
lakes
Chesters, G.; Lee, G.P.; Dept. Soil Sci., Oniv.
Wisconsin, Hadison, HI
1971, December; 1971, December
HETHCCCLOGY; PESTICIEES; ADSORPTION; LAKE
SIEIHENTS; ORGANOCLAI; DEGRADATION;
CRGANOCHIORINES; ORGANOFHOSPBOROS INSECTICIDES;
ERC; BALATHICN; PARATHION DEGRADATION;
AHINOFARATRION; HYDROLYSIS: INSECTICIDES
EIITHIITHIOPHOSPHORIC ACID; P AHINOPHENOL;
ISCHERIZATION; HYDROXY ATARZINE; S-TRIAZINE;
AQOATIC ECOSYSTEMS; ATBAZINE
Ihe investigation vas divided into three phases-.
development of methodology for determination of
pesticides in aquatic systems, determination of
the extent of pesticide adsorption on intact lake
sediments and on isolated mineral and organo clay
fractions of lake sediments, and an evaluation of
the rates and mechanisms of degradation of
certain pesticides in the aquatic envircnment.
Methods vere developed for the unified
determination of the eight organochlorine and
five crganophosphorus insecticides at the 0.06 to
1.0 microgram/liter level. Extent of adsorption
of gamma, BHC, malathicn, and parathion on
sediments vas determined. The most important
factors governing adsorption were pesticide;
sediment ratio, sediment concentration, pesticide
concentration, and organic matter content. The
rate and mechanism of degradatio of parathion vas
determined in intact lake sediments and simulated
•icrotial systems; degradation vas primarily
microcial vith the initial reduction of parathion
to aminoparathion; further degradation vas
hydrclysis to diethylthiophosphoric acid and p
aminophenol. Gamma BBC vas detoxified in lake
systems by microbial isomerization of the
insecticide through alpha-, delta-, and beta-BHC;
the reaction vas much more rapid in anaerobic
than aerobic systems. Hydroxy atrazine degrades
in sediment systems and partial cleavage of the
stable s triazine ling vas indicated.
19C
Cegradation of carboxin Vitaraz in Water and Soil
Chin, W.T. ; Stone, G.H.; Smith, A. E.
J. Agr. Pood. che».. 18(«). 731-732: 1970
FUNGICIDES; DEGRADATION; WATER; SOILS; CARBOXIN
VITAVAX
191
Fate of Carboxin in Soil, Plants, and Animals
Chin, W.T.; Stone, G.N.; Smith, A.E.; Oniroyal
Chem., Naugatuck, Conn.
Pestic. Terminal Residues, Invited Pap. Int.
Symp. 125HHAY) 1971, 271-9: 1971
CABBOXIN; VITAVAX; DIS1RIBOTION; METABOLITES;
CXYCABBOXIH; PLANTVAK; PLANTS; FUNGICIDES
31
-------
192-197
192
Metaboliss of Piopanil in Soils
Chisak, H.; Kearney, P.C.; U.S. Eep. Agric.,
Beltsville, HD
J. Agric. Fd. Ches. , 18, 854-8S8; 1970
CARBON 14; METABOLISM; PROPANIL; SCHS: PADD1
SOIL; CLAT; SAND; LOAM; TCAB; CABBOHTL
The eetabolisa on unlabelled and cm-labelled
propanil vas studied on selected paddy soils:
(A) light clay (pH 5.2), (B) coatees and (pR
5.3), (C) clay loa« (pH 6.1), (D) clay loas (pH
6. 3) and (Z) light clay (pH £.6). Fropanil
disappearance and 3,3',U,U'-tetrachlorcazobenzene
(TCAB) Conation Here influenced ty soil type, at
85 and 850 ppi propanil levels the TCAB
concentration after 15 days fcein; in the order E
greater than A greater than D greater than B
greater than c, C011(2) evolution fro»
carbonyl-Clt-profanil was rapid and varied
betveen 60 and SOU of the original C14 applied.,
depending on soil type and concentration, and
being greatest in soil (E). Ding 1«CO(2)
evolution vas slow, amounting to less than 3X of
the original C1U. A sajor unknown coipound was
isolated froi soil (E) receiving 850 pps propanil
and was related to TCAB by tbe addition of an-RH
group to the azo cosponnd.
193
Persistence and Effects of sose lesticides in Sell
chisbola, D.; HacPhee, A.W.; Research Station,
Canada Dcpt. of agriculture, Ktntvllle, Rota
Scotia, Canada
J. Boon. Entoaol., 65(4), 1010-1C13; 1972
BEANS; FAUNA; DDT; BBC; ARSERIC; CHLOHDARB;
SULFUR; PER BAH; EARATHIOI; CHOPS; RITHCGER; SARCT
LOAN; LOAM; COLLMBOLa; PESTICIDIS; PBBSIST1BC1
DDT significantly decreased th« yield cf beans in
a sandy loas 16 years after application. Hore
than SOX of applied DDT and arsenic regained in
the soil for 15 and 16 yeate, respectively.
Traces of parathion were detected 10 years after
application, arsenic and DDT significantly
decreased the R content of bean leave*. The
colleabolan population vas higher in OCT-treited
plots than on check plots 6 years after
application.
19 »
Effect of the Soil on the activity of
Pentachlorophenol
Choi, J.; Aosine, S.; Fac. Agric., Kyushu Oniv.,
rukuoka, Japan
Soil sci. Plant Hutr. (Tokyo) (SSPRil) 18(6).
255-60} 1972
CHIOBOPBBTOLS; SOILS; PB; BBBBICIBH3;'PESTICIDES;
WHEAT
195
Persistence of «»lathion,
S-1,2-Us(!thoxycarboxyl)Ethyl-0,0-Diiiothyl
Phcspborodithioate, in Punjab Soils
Chopra, S. I. ; Cirdhar, D.C.; Dep. Chei. Biochea. ,
Fonjat Agric. Oniv., Ludhiana, India
Indian J. Appl. Chea. (1JACAN), 3M5) , 201-7; 1971
HAIATHIOH; DE6BADATION; SOILS; ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT-
INSECTICIDES; HOHIDITY; ALKALINE SOILS; ACID
SOILS; SANDT LOAR; SAND; LOAN
In Punjab soils Balathion(S- 1, 2-bis (ethoxycarbpnyl
) Ithjl o,c-di»ethyl phcsphorodithbioate) was
degraded at rates in the order gaiia alkali soil
pH 9,3) greater than palaapur acid soil pH 5.7)
greater than ludhiana sandy loai soil (pH 9.3).
The degradation increased »ith exposure tile to
ultraiiolet light, relative huiidity, teiperature
and concentration.
196
Adfotption and Leaching of Parathion
0-C,Di-Ethyl-O-P-Hitrophenyl Phosphorothioate on
Soils and Effect of Various Physical Factors on
Adfotption
Chopra, S.I.; Das, N.; Das, B.; Punjab
Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
J. Indian Soc. Soil Sci., 18(4), «37-4U6; 1970
SOILS; ADSORPTION; LIACHING; PARATHION; PH;
CATIONS; HIDROGEN; CALCIOM; SODIDR; POTASSIUM;
BAGNESIOR; HOBILITT
Th< adsorption of parathion increased with
increase in concentration, rise in activation
tesperatnre, lowering cf pR and increase in
organic latter content. Adsorption by hoaoionic
soils «as directly related to the percentage
saturation by various cations vith adsorption
decreasing in the order: H* greater than Ca2»
greater than Ng2+ greater than K+ greater than
la*. larathion lobility, and therefore leaching,
«ai greater in light than heavy soils.
197
Ad«orption and Leaching of Lindane (1, 2, 3, 4,
5, 6-Bezacblorocycloheiane) on Soils
Chepra, S.L.; Goel. B.B.; Dep. Chea. Biochea.,
Punjab Agric. Oniv., Lqdbiana, India
Indian J. Appl. Ches. (U»CAN) 1971, 3«(6),
2«5-72; 1971
LIIDAII; SOILS; ADS08PTIOR; LIACHING;
IIISBCTICIDIS; FEBONDLICH EQUATION; HUHDS;
CiTICNS; SARD;' CLAI
The adsorption of Liadane on 3 different types of
•oils increased with an increase in
concentration, and obeyed Prenndlicb equation.
Adiorption also increased vith the rise in
activation teaperatnrec, levering tbe pH, and
increasing the organic aatter content of the
soil. Adsorption on hcsoionic soils vas found to
be directly related to the percentage of
saturation by various cations. Leaching studies
revealed that high percentages of sand and lov
clay contest allowed tore penetration of Lindane
through soil colnans.
32
-------
198-204
198
Degradation of Parathion in Soile
Chopra, S.L.; Khullar, F.C.j Dap. Chea. Biochaa.,
Punjab Agric. Oniv., Ludhiana, India
J. Indian Soc. Soil Sci. (JIRSA4) 1971, 19(1),
79-85; 1971
SOILS; PARATHIOB; DBGHADATI01; PH; RELATIVE
HOIIIDITT
The degree of Parathion degradation in the soil
increased with the Patathion concentration,
teaperature tiae of 0V exposure, relative
huaidity. duration of exposure, and soil pH. The
degree of Parathion degradation «aa in the
decreasing order: alkali soil, acid soil, norial
soil.
199
Residues of Atrazine, 2.
Chloro-»-ethylaaino-6-isopropylaaino-s Triazine
in Soils
Chopra, S.I.; Sethi, B. 1C.; Baweja, A.S.
J. Indian Soc. Soil Sci., 21 13), 315-322; 1973
HERBICIDES; CL1I; ORGANIC (UTTER; INCUEATION;
TRIAZINE; SOILS; RES1DOES; AIRAZINE
200
Detention of Heavy Metals by Soil
Chowdhury, A.N. ; Saraa, B.C.; Bay, II.R.; Geol.
Surv. India, Calcutta, India
Geol. SUEV. India, Hisc. Publ. (GSIMBX) 1972, 16,
713-50; 1972
HEAT I METALS; SOILS; SORPTION; LEAD; NICKEL;
COPPER; ZINC;
201
Biological Activity of Southern Soils of
Kazakhstan during Herbicide Use
ehulakoT, S.A.; Zharasov, S.D.: Inst. Soil Sci.,
Acad. Sci. Kazakh SSR, DSSR
Izv. Akad. Kauk Kaz. SSR Ser. Bid., 11(2), 7-13;
1973
HERBICIDES; LENACIL; IALAN; SOLIDATE; SODIDH TCA;
CHLORAZOHE; SOILS; FUNGI; ACTINOHYCETBS;
SPORIFEROOS BACTERIA; DECOMPOSITION; TCA;
MICROORGANISMS; fO-KEET; RONIT
The effects of the herbicides lenacil, con it
(Ro-Neet), yalan (aolinate), sodiua TCA, and
chlorazone vere studied on the biological
activity of southern soils of Kazakhstan. Ecnit,
applied in a dose of 8 kg/ha, slightly reduced
the populations of fungi and actinoaycetes
teaporarily vhilc the other pesticides did net
cause noteworthy changes in the aicroorganisa
counts in the soil. Fungi, actinoaycetes, and
bacteria were aost susceptible to ronit and yalan
doses exceeding the recoiaended doses by 8 to 10
tiaes. Sporiferous bacteria, fungi, and
actinoaycetes vere aost susceptible to yalan and
ronit. Actinoaycetes, TRICBODEBHA, PEMICILLIOB,
FOS1RIDH, and CDRVDLARIA species intensely
decomposed sodiui TCA; sporiferous bacteria,
AZCTOEACTER. CDRVULARIA. and PEHICILLIOH species
decoacosed .chlorazone. The biologic activity of
the soils treated with the herbicides vas close
to the control level. (13 references)
202
Action and Conversion of Urea Herbicides in
Plants and in the Soil
Cixzevska, B-: Pol.
Kosaos (Warsaw), Ser. A(KOSBAV) 1973. 22(2),
V17-16; 1973
REVIED; DREA; HERBICIDES; SOILS; BACTERIA;
PLAS1S; DEGRADmOS
203
Degradation of the Herbicide isopropyl-N-Phenyl
Carbaaate by ARTHROBACTER and ACHRONOBACTER
Species froa Soil
Clark, C.G.; Bright, S.J.L.; Bath University
Techncl., Claverton Dovn, England
Soil Biol. Biocea., 2(«), 1970, 217-226; 1970
BACTERIAL METABOLISM; DEGRADATION; HERBICIDES;
SOILS; IPC; JCSOPROPTL H-PHBNYLCARBAMATE; AMILINE;
CATECBOL; PHENILCAHBAMATE; ENZIHE; PERSISTENCE
ABTHECEACTER and ACHROMOEACTIR species froa soil
degradea isoprophyl n-fhenylcarbaaate (IPC) at
siiilar rates via aniline with concoaitant
detoxication. Aniline was readily aetabolized,
possibly through catechoi, and did not accuaulate
in cultures growing on IPC. Evidence shows that
the conversion of phenylcarbaaates to the
corresponding aniline coipound is a aechanisa
widely used by soil aicrobes to initiate
degradation of these herbicides, and the enzyae
system for aniline foraation is associated with
the "cell envelope". Application of IPC to soil
in organic liquid foraulations is unlikely to
prclcng persistence.
201
The Persistence of Siaazine in a Range of Soils
in Selected Areas of the United Kingdoa
Clay, D.V.; Davison, J.G.; ARC Reed Res.
Organization, Oxford, England
Iroc. 10th br. Heed Control Conf. 821-825; 1970
EICASSAT; PERSISTENCE; SIMAZINI; SOILS; LOAH; SILT
Bioassay showed that 10* or less of the sitazine
applied in spring persisted in the light and
average soils in autuan. The largest residue
occurred on a silt loaa soil in a dry area of
England.
33
-------
205-211
205
The Persistence of Chlort hiaiiii Lena ell and
Siiazine in Oncropped Soil
Clay, D.V.; McKone, C.E.
Part of Bawden, Sir Fredrick (President).
Proceedings of tke 9th British Need Control
Conference held Nov. 18-21, 1968 at trighton,
England. Syiposiui. (Vol. 1) 533-1045; (Vol. 2)
1053-1368; (Vol. 3) 933-938; 1966
HERBICIDES; DEGRADATION; SOILS; PERSISTENCE;
CHLORTHIABID; LENACIL; SIHAZINB
206
The Tolerance of Blackcurrants to chlorthiaiid
and Dichlobenil; Effects on Growth and field and
Residues in the Soil
Clay, D.V.; HcKone, C. E. ; Arc. »eed Res.
Organization, Oxford, England
Proc. 10th Br. Deed Control Conf., 781-787; 1970
BLACKCURRANTS; CHLORTHIAHID; DICELCBEHIl; SOUS;
HERBICIDES; PERSISTENCE
A year after application 901 of the annual
applications of the herbicides had disappeared.
or injecting the insecticides into the soil.
Redistribution and recovery of Dieldrin and
lindane were aeasured in two calcareous, low
organic-latter soils, with or without irrigation.
tieldrin and Lindane were thoroughly lixed with
soil at 0-7.5 or 7.5-15 c» depths. Dieldrin was
stable and persistent, but volatilization was a
pathway for Dieldrin loss when the surface coil
was wet and Dieldrin was placed in the surface
layer of soil. Dieldrin d-id not »ove
significantly with water, and loved little by
diffusion, either upward or downward. No
catalytic breakdown of Dieldrin occurred in
hot-dry soil. The loveient and dissipation of
Lindane fro* both soils were greater than for
Eieldrin. Lindane loved downward with water
application. Lindance was lost by volatilization
and also by degradation, as considerable aiounts
cf Gaiia-penthachlorocyclohexene vere found in
the soil extract.
209
Dissipation of Pesticides fro* Soil by
Volatilization of Eegradation Products. I.
Lindane and DDT
Cliath, H.H.; Spencer, W.P.; Soil Water Conserv.
Res. Civ., DSDA, Agric. Res. Serv., Riverside,
Calif. 92502
Eniircn. Sci. Technol. (ESTHAG) , 6(10), 910-914;
1912
207
Persistence and Penetration cf Large Doses of
Siiazine in Oncropped Soil
Clay, D.V.; stoot, K.G. ; Agric. Res. Ccunc. leed
Res. Organ., Begbroke Hill/Yarntcn/Oxford, England
Deed Res. (HEREAT), 13(1), 42-50; 1973
SIHAZINE; PERSISTENCE SOILS; HEBEICIDIS;
DRAINAGE; PENETRATION; RESIDUES
The total si«azine residue present in the soil 12
•onths after the last of 3 annual Siiazine
applications (2.8 kg/ha), and 8 lonths after the
last of 5 annual Siiazine applications (5.6
kg/ha), was less than 10X of the annual aionot of
Siiazine applied. AD average Siiazine residue of
1.7 kg/ha was found in plots 2 1/2 years
following the last of 2 annual applications (22.4
kg/ha). This residue decreased atout 25* during
the next 12 lonths. The) highest siiazina
concentrations were in the surface layers of the
soil, but residues were detected to a depth of 60
ci 3 1/2 years after the last siiozlne
application (22.4 kg/ha). The variation in these
soil residues is apparently due to different
soil, cliiatic, and drainage) conditions.
208
Hove«ent and Persistence of cieldrin and Lindane
in Soil as Influenced by Placement and Irrigation
Cliath, N.R.; Spencer, V.F.; soil later Conserv.
Res. Div., Agric. Res. Serv., Siverside, Calif.
Soil Sci. Soc. Aler., Proc. (SSSAA8) 1971. 35(5),
791-S; 1971
INSECTICIDES; SOILS; VOLATILITY; DIELDRIN;
PERSISTENCE; LINDAIE: HESIDOIS; PESTICIDES;
DOBILITI; TRANSPORT; PCCH;
GABBA-PENTACHLOBOCTCLOHMEiE; IRRIGATION
Insecticide volatilization can te reduced by
keeping the) soil surface dry and by incorporating
CRGASCCHLOFINES; INSECTICIDES; HOBILITI;
VOIATIIITY; SOILS; LINCANB; LOSS; DDT;
CIJSIfATIO"; PCCH; DOE
The presence of degradation products in
significant aionnts in field soils indicated that
volatilization of degradation products such as
FCCH and DDE, can be a lajor pathway for loss of
soie organochlorine insecticides froi soil.
210
Interactions Between Pesticides and the Mineral
Traction of Soils
Clcoc, P.; Fac. Sci. Agron., Dniv. Cathol. ,
louvain, Belgiui
ledologie(fEDOAE) 1972, 22(2), 148-73; 1972
BEVIES; SOILS; PESTICIDES; MINERAL FRACTION;
RECHANISN; ADSORPTION; CLAY; ION EXCHANGE;
PDOTOI1TION; HTDROGEl; HYDHOGB1 BONDING;
lON-tllOlE; PI-BONDING; ELECTRON; VAN DEE RAALS
fORCI; CATALYSIS; DECOHPOSITION
211
Absorption Retabolisi and Translocation of 2,4,-D
by Honeyvine Nilkveed-E
Cotle, H.D.; Slife, ?.«.; Butler, H.S.
Need Sci., 18(5), 1970, 653-656
HEIBICIDES; ABSORPTION; NETABOLISH;
TRAISICCATIOI; 2.4-D; BOIIIVIHE; HILKHEED
34
-------
212-217
212
Correlation Between the Degradation Dynamics of
soia Herbicides and their Efficiency
Coha, P.; Janjic, T. ; Hisovic, II.
Agrohesija, (1-2), 1971 (Reed 1973). U3-50
ISOPROPYL-N-3-CHLOBOPHENTL CARBABATES; ALPHA
CHLORO-N-N-DIA1LY.L ACBTAHIBES; RIZC COBTROL;
CARBABATES; DEGRADATION; HERBICIDES; EFFICIENCY.
213
Sorption And Phytotoxicity of Triazine Herbicides
in Ventral and Calcareous Soils
Colbert, F.O.; Cregon State Oniv., Corvallis,
Or eg.
(DABSAQ) 1971, 7l|p. ; 1971
TRIIZINE; SOILS; HERBICIDES; PHTTCTOXICITt
A disser.
Influence of Ph on the Phytotoxicity of
Herbicides in Soil
Corbin, F.T. ; Dpchurch, B.P.; Sell an, F.I. j
Agric. Eip. Stn., North Carolina state unit.,
Baleigh, H. C.
Seed Sci.(iEF.SA6) 1971, 19(3), 233-9; 1971
HERBICIDES; SOUS; PHITOTOXICITI; DICAHBA; 2.U-D;
FECHITCKB; ABITBOLI; D1LAPON; D1QOAT; PARAQOAT;
NITHALIH; DItJRON; ISOCIL: DICHLOBENIL; PICtOFAH;
CHIOS IBBen
The phytotoxicity of weak aroiatic acid
herbicides, such as Dicaiba and 2,4-D, and weak
base herbicides, such as Proietone and Aiitrole
increased with the increase of soil pR, and was
•axiioi at pR 6.5. The phytotoxicity increased
as soil pH decreased, and reached a laxiiui at pfl
».3, for Dalapon, Diguat, and Paraquat. Soil pR
of tt. 3-7.5 has no effect on the phytotoxicity of
Chlocaiben, Piclorai, tichlobenil, Isocil,
Diuron, and Nitralin.
21 a
Per fusion studies vith Broioiynil Octanoate in
Soil
Collins, R.P.; Research Laboratories, Hay and
Eaker Ltd., Dagenhai, Essex, Riic 7Zs, Onited
Kingdoe
Pestic. Sci., »(2), 1973, 181-192; 1973
HERBICIDES; BROHOXTMIL OCTAHCATE; SOILS;
DEGRADATION; CAR EON DIOXIDI; IKACRING; TBACIB;
PERPOSIOH
The breakdown of broioxynil octanoate in five
different soil types was studies in a soil
perfusion apparatus using herbicide labelled with
C14 in the Cyanc group or in the atoiatic ring.
Even when applied at rates equivalent to 5 to 25
times those used conercially, tie herbicide vae
fairly rapidly and extensively degraded at 15.
after 12 to 13 weeks, up to 801 of the
radioactivity in the 1UCN group and up to 631 of
the C1U in the ring were liberated as C02. 16 to
194 of the radioactivity froi ring-labelled
herbicide regained attached to the soil, probably
not as the original herbicide, but in a fori not
readily leached. Only trace quantities of
3,5-dibroio-a-hydroxy-benzaaide (0.51) and
3,5-dibroio- , 25(3), «08-13; 1973
HETHIIARSIIE; PHOSPHATES; ARSENIC; NETABOLITES;
SCIIS; HICBOS; PESIICItES
215
Fate of 2-H«thyl-2-Nethylthic Pretionaldehyde 0-
Hethylcarbaioyloxiie TEHTK in Cotton Plants and
Soil
Coppedge, J.8.; Lindquist, 0.A.; Ball, D.L.;
Dorough, H.R.
J. JLgr. Food Chei., 15(5), 902-910; 1967
SOILS; 2-HMHY1-2-HETHYLTHIO PROFIONALCEHtDE
0-HETHTLCARBAHOTL OXIHE; TEHTK; COTTON; PLANTS
35
-------
218-224
218
Model of the Circulation of DDT en Earth
Craier, J.; Stone & iebster Engineering Corp.,
225 Franklin St., Boston, HA 02107
Atiospheric Environment, 7(3), 2K1-256; 1973.
March
DDT; CIRCULATION; DEGRADATION; MCDEL;
BIODEGRADATION; ATMOSPHERE; LAND; SEA; AO.OATIC
PLANKTON; RESERVOIRS; MARINE PHYTCPLANKTON;
ABSORPTION; PHTTOPIANKTON; ZOOPLANKTON;
TERRESTRIAL ECOSISTEMS; AQOATIC ICCSYS1EMS;
TRANSPORT; AIR
A model is developed to predict the glcbal
distribution and accumulation of DDT. The lodel
considers the land, atmsophere, shallow sea, and
aquatic plankton as reservoirs fcr DDT.
Reasonable values for the rates cf transfer
between reservoirs and rates of cheiical and
biological degradation of DDT are estimated, the
parameters of the model nets systematically
varied to determine the most critical parameters
for the predicted results. Two hypothetical
alternative rates of future DDT usage are
considered: the continued rate of DDT usage at
the 1970 level and the zero late of DDT usage
after 1970. The time required tc return to
equilibrium after the termination of DET usage
cannot be precisely determined but lies somewhere
between 25 and 110 years. Mcst cf the decrease
in the concentration levels of DDT, hcwever,
occurs in the early years. The concentration cf
DDT in marine life is already near its
equilibrium values and should not increase
significantly in the future. Tb« rates of
degradation of DDT, the amount of DDT which
enters the atmsophere, the rates cf transfer
between the deep and shallow seac, and the rates
of direct absorption of DDT by phytoplankton and
zoo-plankton are critical factors in a model of
DDT circulation and distribution.
219
The Hicrobial Breakdown of Pesticides
Cripps, H.E.; Shell Res. Ltd., Bcrden sicrobiol.
Lab., sittingboarne, Kent, England
Soc. Appl. Bacteriol. Symp. Set. Is 255-266: 1971
BREAKDOWN; PESTICIDES; CHLORINE; CARBON; AMINO
ACIDS: DEGRADATION; HICROBES
An ether linkage, chlorine atoms, branched carbon
chains, or substituted amino groups sufcstitents
often found in pesticidtl molecules and their
residues, increase resistance to microtial
degradation by a molecule. The position of
mubstituents al«c has a marked effect on the rat*
of degradation. Pure cultural of organism! have
been found which will degrade some of the more
recalcitrant molecule*, suggesting that more
research is needed before it will te possible to
predict the biodegradability of a compound solely
on the basis of its structure.
220
Laboratory Study of the Effects of soee
Soil-Applied Organophosphorus Pesticides on
CARAE1DAE (COLEOPTERA)
Critchley, B.R.; Imp. Coll. Sci. Technol.,
London, Engl.
Bull. Entomol. Res. (BEREA2) 1973, 62(2), 229-U2-
1973
ORGANOPHOSPHOROS INSECTICIDES; SOILS; THIONAZINE-
IHCBATI; NEBBIA; BIETLIS; INSECTS; INSECTICIDES *
221
The Ncnmetabolic Decomposition of Pesticides
Crosby, D.G.
Ann. N.T. Ac ad. Sci., 160(1), 82-96; 1969
EZCOHPOSITION; PESTICIDES
222
Fate of Pesticides in the Environment
Crcsty, D.G.; Dep. Environ. Toxicol., Oniv.
Califcrnia, Davis, Ca
Annu. Bev. Plant Physiol.(ARPPA3) 1973. 211.
467-92: 1973
FEVIBW; PESTICIDES; FATE; OXIDATION; REDUCTION-
HYCROtYSIS; MOCIEOPHTLLIC REACTION; CONJUGATION-
METABOLISM; TRANSFORMATION; BIOTA; SOILS; AQOATIC
ICCSYSTEMS; AIR; WATER; ATMOSPHERE
A review of the biological and nonbiological
transformations (oxidation, reduction,
hydrolysis, nucleophilic reaction, conjugation,
metabolism, etc.) and fate of pesticides,
especially plant-related compounds, in the biota,
soil, aquatic, and air environments, with 23S
refer«nces.
223
Photodecomposition of chlorinated Biphenyls and
titenzofarans
Crosby, D.G.; Roilanen, K.I.; Dept. of
Environmental Toxicology, University of
California, Davis, CA
Bu.Metin of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology, 10(6), 372; 1973, Sept.
PHCTCEECOHPOSITION; CHLORINATED BIPHENTLS;
DIBENZOPORAN; DEGRADATION; PCS; CHBOMATOGSAPHT;
IBBiDIATION; ISOMERS
224
Photo Nucleophilic Reactions of Pesticides
Crosby, D.6.; Roilanen. K. N. ; Nakagawa, M.; long,
• • Se
Part of Ratsumara, Fnmio, G. Mallory Bonsh and
Toeoeasa Hisato (Bd.). Environmental Toxicology
of Pesticides. Proceedings of a United
States-Japan Seminar. Oiso, Japan, October,
1971. Academic Press: lew Tork, N.I., 0.S.A.-
London, Bngland. 1972 (p. 423-1133) «37p.; 1972
TRAMSfOBBATION; PHOTO NOCIBOPMILIC; PESTICIDES
36
-------
225-232
225
The Hazards of Impurities
Crosgland, J.; Shea, K.P.
Environment, 15(5), 35-38; 1973, Jan*
IKDOSTRT; CHLORINATED RTDROC1BB01S; DEGRADATION;
HAZARDOUS CHBHICAIS; HAZARDS; HBRBICIDIS;
PESTICIDES; SOILS; PERSISTENCl; tlOZIHS; FORAN
The danger of tcxic contaminants in agricultural
chemicals is outlined. The persistancc in soils
cf toxic dioxiic and fnrans, break down products
of pesticides, are investigated.
226
Surface chemistry of Pesticide Sell Interactions
Cruz, H. ; Shite, J.I.
Part of coulston, ?. and Korte, r. (Ed.).
Environiental Quality and Safety. Chemistry.
Tozicologr and Technology, Tel. 1. Global
Aspects of Cheaistry, Toxicology and Technology
as Applied to the Environment. Georg Thieie
Publishers: Stuttgart, West Geraany: Academic
Press: Hew York, M.T., 1972 (p. 221-229) 267 p.;
1972
SURFACE; PESTICIDES; SOILS
227
Interaction Between Herbicides and Soil
Microorganisms
Cullimora, D.R.
Residue Rev.. 35, 65-80; 1970
HERBICIDES; SOUS; HICBOORGANISHS; DEGRADATION;
THEOHI; RBTIEW
A theoretical hypothesis is formnalted which
indicates that 5 major types of herbicide coald
be defined by these interactions in both prisary
and secondary treatments. A survey is mad* cf
the known inhibitory effects of herbicides on
•icro-organisms. So«e of the more rectnt work on
the degradation of herbicides is included.
228
The Adsorption and Nobility of Paraguat on
Different Soils and Soil Constituents
Damanakis, H.; Drennan, D.S.B.; fryer, J.D.;
Holly, K.
Seed Res., 10(3), 16U-277; 1970
ADSORPTION; MOBILITY; PARAQUAT; SOILS; BIOASSAT;
HERBICIDES
229
The Biotransformatien of organoaercury Compounds
Daniel, J.H.
Biochei. J., 130(2), 6HP-65P; 1972
BIOTRARSFOBHATIOR; ORGAHOHERCURI ALS;
RICROORGAMISRS; BATS; LITZB; FUNGICIDES; SOILS;
HEHCORT.
230
Effect of Pretreatsent Environment on 2.4-D
Phytotoxicity
Darwent, A.L.; Behrens, B. ; Dep. Agron. Plant
Genet., Oniv. Hinnesota, St. Paul, Sinn.
ietd Sci. (SEBSA6) , 20(6). 5UO-M; 197?
CHIOBOPHENOITACBTATE; PHTTOTOIICITT; HERBICIDES;
2,0-C; PLABTS; PEAS; TF.LTETLOAP
Prctreatment light, tesperature, and humidity
conditions played only a minor role in
determining the response of peas (PISOB SATITUH)
and valvetleaf (ABOTILON TBIOPB8ASTI) to 2,4-D.
Grcvth of pea plants it growth chambers under
solar or fluorescent-incandescent lamp radiation,
at high or low humidity, or at temperatures
between 10 and 25 degrees did not influence the
growth inhibition produced by 2,4-D et ester
(0.11 or 0.28 kg/ha) or 2,4-D alkanolamine salt
(CK8« or 1.68 kg/ha). Herbicide uptake and
translocation were greater when pretreatment pea
growth was under solar radiation, but spray
retention and rate of 2.U-D metabolism were not
affected by type of pretreatment radiation. The
response of velretleaf to 2,«-D was slightly
greater when pretreatment growth was under solar
than under artificial radiation, at high than at
low humidity, and at high than at low temperature.
231
Transport of Picloram in Relation to Soil
Physical Conditions and Pore Hater Telocity
Davidson, J.N.; Chang, R.K.; Oklahoma State
Dnlveisity, Stillwater
Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc., 36(2), 257-261; 1972
HERBICIDES; ADSORPTION; BISCIBIE; DISPLACEMENT;
ClfFQSIOH; TRANSPORT; EICLOBAB; SOILS; WATER;
LOIN; HOBILITT; PORE WATER TELOCITY; FLO« RATE
In an initially herbicide-free norge loam soil,
picloram mobility was significantly reduced by
decreasing the average pore-water velocity from
5.6 to 0.59 cm/hr. A variation in herbicide
adcocption with pre-water velocity was observed
at each bulk density (1.55 and 1.65 g/cm3), and
aggregate size (less than 2.0 and less than 0. M2
mm). For a specific bulk density, picloram
adsorption was greater when the largest soil
aggregate size was less than 0.12 mm titan when
the scil contained less than 2.0 mm aggregates.
The average pore-water velocity influenced
piclcram movement more significantly than
bulk-density variations, or largest aggregate
size at a given flow rate.
232
Herbicide Distributions Within a Soil Profile and
Their Dependence Dpon Adsorption-Desorption
tavidson, J.H. ; Nansell, R.S.; Baker, D.R.; Dept.
of Agronomy, Oklahoma State University,
Stillwater. Okla.
Soil Crop Sci. Soc. Fla., Proc. (SCSFAD) , 32,
36-111; 1973
HERBICIDES; SOILS; BATHEHATICAl HODEL;
ADSOEPTION; DESOEPTIOS; KINETICS; HODEL
37
-------
233-239
233
Experimental and Predicted Movement at Three
Herbicides in a Hater-Saturated Soil
Davidson, J.N.; McDougal, J.E.; rep. Agron.,
Oklahoma State Oniv., Stillvater. Ck
J. Environ. Qual. (JIVQAA) 1973, 2(1) »28-33; 1973
SOILS; HERBICIDES: ADSORPTION; DESORPTION; ECRE
WATER VELOCITY: EQUILIBRIUM; CONVECTIVI TRANSPORT
EQOATION; PICLCRAH; FRONETRYNI; IIOOMBTORON;
HATER; SATURATION; CALCIOM; IOAH; IBEDDDLICH
EQUATION; MOBILITY,; MODEL; DISTHIBOTIOH; TAILING
The equilibria* adsorption characteristics of
fluometuron, picloram, and prometryne, on
calcium-saturated norge loai soil fitted the
Preundlich equation. A solution cf each herbicide
•as displaced through a water-saturated soil
column at various average pore-water velocities
(5.6-0.57 ci/hr) , and effluent saiple was
evaluated to determine the itportance of
adsorption kinetics to herbicide icbility. The
displacement of each herbicide was influenced by
the average pore-water velocity. Here herbicide
was adsorbed by the soil when displayed at a
pore-water velocity of 0.57 as cellared to 5.6 or
2.75 cm/hr. The use of a time-dependent
adsorption lodel in the convective transport
equation (Oddson, J.K. et al., 197C) did not
predict the shape of the effluent concentration
distribution at the high pore-water velocities,
but reflected the left-hand shift exhibited ty
the data. The tailing noted in all the herbicide
effluent concentration distributions, resulted
froa the nonsingularity between the
adsorption-desorption process.
235
Ficloram Movement from a Chaparral Watershed
Davis, E.A.; Ingebo, P.A.; O.S.D.A. Forest Serv.,
Rocky Mountain forest Bange Eirp. Station Forest
flydrcl. Lab., Teipe, AZ 85281
water Resour. Res., 9(5), 130U-1313; 1973
FICLOBAN; MOVEMENT; CHAPARRAL WATERSHED;
WATERSHEDS; STREAMS; HERBICIDES; CROPSS; WATER;
RAINJAIL
Ficlcram residues found in a streai at the outlet
of a vatershed treated over 4.SK of its area with
pellets of the herbicide were highest during the
first three tenths and declined to nondetectable
levels within 1<» months. Maximum, concentrations
measured were 350 to 370 ppb, and direct use of
streai water froi the cutlet of the watershed
vhcn levels were between 46 and 370 ppb could
have been detrimental to sensitive crops. After
UO inches of accumulated rainfall, when no
picloram was observed in the streai, it was
estimated that 4.5X of the applied material had
been lost to the water.
236
Horticulture and Pollution
Cay, B.B.
Hort. Science 5 (») , 237-239; 1970
SOILS; WATER; AIRj PESTICIDES; SALINITY;
HCBTICDLTUBE
23«
DDT Residues in a Vineyard Scil after 24 Tears of
Exposure
Davis, A.C.; Taschenberg, E.I.
Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology, 8(6), 329-333; 1972, Dec.
SOIL SAMPLING; CCT; INSECTICIDES: vIREURDS; DDE;
SOILS; LEACRIHG; DHIPLIHI ARIA; IECOHPCSITIOI;
VOLATILIZATION; DEGRADATION
The findings from soil saiples ftci vineyard
plots sprayed annually for 24 years with DDT are
presented. The percentage of total reiidue
recovered as DDE increased witb tiie. The
percentage of DDT and DDE recovered from the soil
with respect to the amount of DD1 applied to the
vineyard decreased with time. Although the
physical properties of the vineyard soil vere
favorable to leaching, lost cf the DDT and DDE
remained in the top 3 in of soil. Host of tke
DDT and CDE was present in the dtipline area,
which receives the maximum deposit from drip from
the vines, runoff from the side* cf the hooded
sprayer, and residues from weathered feliage
accumulated in the soil. There was an increase
in the amount of DDT recovered from the untreated
check plots with respect to tise. The rate cf
DDT decomposition and volatilisation was slower
after treatsent ceased. DDT applied tc vineyard
soil used in this experiment was either
volatilized or slowly degraded primarily to DDE.
231
Formulation of Dalapon to Reduce Soil
Contamination
Day, E.E.
Reed Research, 1, 177; 1961
DA1AFOH; SOILS
238
Volatility of Herbicides Dnder Field Conditions
Day, E.E.; Johnson, E.; Dawlen, J.I.
Bilgardia, 28, 255; 19£9
REEBICIDES; VOLATILIIAtlOK
239
Adsorption of lonionized Molecules of Herbicides
fcy Organic Soil Material
de Bcrger, R.; Inst. Rech. Chim., Minist. Agric.,
Tervnren, Belgium
Rev. Agr. (Brussels) (EVAGAE) , 1972, 25(2), 201-8;
1972
REVII1; HERBICIDES; ADSORPTION; SOILS; ROROS;
1RAIZINE; OREA; NOIIOIIZBD HERBICIDE MOLECULES
1 review with 18 refs. Of the mechanism of
adsorption of nonionized herbicide mols., such as
triaiines and areas, by org. Soil latter.
38
-------
240-245
240
Th« Bacterial Degradation of 5
Amino-4-Chloro-2-Phenyl-3 2n Prridaxincne
da Frenne, E.; Ekerspaecher, J. ; lingers, P.;
Institute far Nikrobiol. Molekularbiol.
University Hohenheiu, Stuttgart-Bokenheim, Germany
Bur. J. Biochei., 33(2), 1973, 357-363; 1973
HERBICIDES; DEGRHDATIOM; SOILS; PYHAZOS; CARBOH;
HZTABOLITES; DECOHPOSITIOII; PYRiZON-DEGRADIIIG
BACTBRIA
soil bacteria capable of utilizing pyrazon as the
sole source of carbon metabolized the herbicide
to 5-amino-4-chloro-2-(2,3-cis-dihydroxy-cyelohexa
-4,6-diene-1-71) 3 (2H)-pyrld«iinene (I),
2- (5-amino-»-chloro-3-oxo-2, 3-dihydro-: 2-pyridazino
)-cis. cis-mnconic acid (II),
2-pyrone-6-carboxylic acid (III), and
5-amino-4-chloro-3(2H-pyridazinone (IT). Compound
(I) was detected 30 hours after inoculation and
reached a maximum at 38 to 40 hoars. Ccipounds
(II) and (II) i appeared about 30 hours after
inoculation, and aaxiaui concentrations vere
observed at about 50 hours; compcur
-------
246-251
206
DOT Residues in Robins and Earthvotis Associated
»ith Contaminated Forest Soils
Dinond, J.B.; Bclyea, G.T.
Maine, Orono, Raine
Kadunce, R.E.; Oniv.
Can. Bnt., 102, 1122-1130; 1970
DDT; ROBINS; EARTHWORRS; SOUS; FORESTS;
PERSISTENCE
Residue analysis of forest soils sprayed once at
1 Ib/acre shoved lit Us breakdown of DM through
9 years after application. Persistent residues
vere largely restricted to the upper soil litter.
Residues passed fro* soils tc tartbvorms to
robins throughout the 9-year pericd studied. It
is suggested that this relationship lay persist
for as long as 30 years after a single
application to tte forest.
2«7
Cycling and Effects of Chlorine labeled DDT on
Soil Invertebrat«s
Dindal, D.L.; State Dni». of Rev lor It, Syracuse,
nr. coll. of Environmental science and Forestry
Coll. of Environmental Science and Forestry,
Contract at <11-1)-3»7« (COO--3»7Q-1). State
University of Rev Tork, Syracuse, HI, Annual
Progress Report
IHVERTEBRATES; DDT; DISTRIBUTION REUEOLISR;
SOILS; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; TRACER; CYCLING;
CHLORINE
248
Exchange of Dignat-2 Plus in Soil Clays
Versionlite and Siectite
Dixon, J.B.; floor*, D.E.; Agnihotri, ».P.; L«*is,
D.E.; Auburn University Agricultural Experimental
Station, Auburn, Alabama
Soil Sci. Soc. Acer. Proc., 3«(5), 197C, 805-808;
1970
IOTASSIUH; HERBICIDES; SOILS; CL1T; TB1HICOLITE;
SMECTITE; DIQOAT; HOHTRORILLONITI
A direct relationship vas shown tetveen
K+-digu'at2» exchange and lay«r-clarge density of
saectites and veraicultites. Hydroiy-al
interlayers had little influence en the exchange
of diguat2* in veraicolite and mcntmorillonite.
The exchange ability of diqu*t2* ID * group of
various soil clays vas direclty related to
veraicullte content. Exchaag«abillty of digaat2+
in aontaorlllonitic honston and iredell soil
days, and their K*-fixlng ability on even
drying, indicate that veraicglite say have an
important influence on their K*-exehamge
reaction*.
2«9
Interactions of Soil Microbes and Pesticides
Eoasch, K. H.
Fart of Szegi, J. (Ed.). Symposia Biologies
Eungarica, Vol. 11. Proceedings of the Symposium
en Sell Microbiology. Budapest, Hungary. June
16-20, 1970. Akademiai Kiado: Budapest, Hungary.
1972 (p. 337-3«7) U5Wp.; 1972
DEGRACATIOft; SOILS; PESTICIDES; CAPTAH;
BICDIGJADATIOH; FUNGICIDES; COTIN; TTIAK;
CZILOLOSE; GLOCOSE; CHITIH; PECTIK
250
Residues in Corn and Soils Treated vith Technical
chlordane and High Purity Chlordane RCS-3260
Dorough, R.8.; Pass, B.C.
J. ECOD. Entomol., 6S(«) , 1972, 976-979
RESIDUES; CORK; SOILS; CHLORDAKEICHS-3260;
IESTICIDES
Residues in Alfalfa and Soils Following Treatment
vith Technical Chlordane and High Purity
chlordane (Res 3260) for Alfalfa Heevil Control
Corough, R.R.; Skrentny, R.F.; Pass, B.C.; Dep.
Entoicl., Oniv. Kentucky, Lexington, Ky
J. Agr. Food Chem. (JAFCAO) 1972, 20(1) «2-7; 1972
CHIOBtAHE; ALFALFA; RESIDUES; INSECTICIDES;
SOILSi RBPTACHLOR; HEP1ACHLOR EPOXIDE
Follcving the treatment of alfalfa vith technical
Chlordan, or high-purity chlordan, at a rate of 1
Ib active ingredient/acre, the total residues of
Alpha-chlordan, Gamma-chlordan, Heptachlor, and
Reptachlor epoxide on the alfalfa vere 29 and 130
Fpi for technical chlordan and high-purity
cblordan, respectively. In all tests, 951 of the
residues disappeared after 21 days. Three days
of fidd-cnring freshly cut alfalfa reduced the
level of residues by 55*. Baxi*om total residues
in soil vere 0.6 pp«, folloving the treatment of
alfalfa cultures vith high-purity chlordan at a
rate of 2 IB active ingredient/acre. By 21 days
these residues had declined by SOX; and by 1BO
days, 83X of the residues had dissipated.
40
-------
252-256
252
organic Herbicide ia Agriculture
Drees, a.; Bono, Germany
Gesunde ptlanz., 24(9). 152-158; 1972
HEPBICIDB5; PHENOXYACETIC ACIDS; TRIAZINES; ORBA
DEEIWTIVES; SITS; FISH; 2,U,5-T; TB8BOTBIIB;
PERSISTENCE; HETBlBENMHUtDRON; PHENOL;
BROHOPKMOXIH; DJMTBOPHBNOIS; PESTICIDES; SOILS;
ORGANIC HERBICIDES; AGBICOLTORB
About 18,500 tone of pesticide active) ingredients
•ere applied in last Germany in 1971; 60% of this
amount represent*! herbicides. Jleost half of
the quantity of herbicide applied, or 5200 tons,
consisted of phenoxyacetic acids; triaiinas and
area derivatives accounted for 38% of the
herbicides applied. Bore than one third of the
arable land in test Germany was treated with
herbicides in 1971. The growth-regulating
herbicides (paenoxy acids) have cral LC50 doses
in rats of about 0.7-1.2 g/kg; tolerance for
these herbicides in or on grain are in the range
of 0.05-0.1 pp«. Fish toiicity and possible
dioxin contaiination are problems Kith 2,5,4-1.
A typical triazine herbicide, terfcutryne, has an
LD50 of about 3 g/kg in the rat; the tolerance is
0.05 ppm. Terbutryne has limited persistence in
soil - 3-10 weeks, depending on the soil type.
Substituted urea herbicides, e.g.,
methabensthiazuron, persist in sell fat about 4-6
•onths; the LDSO is about 2.5 g/kg.
Miscellaneous chemical classes include phenolics
(e.g.. broaofenoxim, LDSO 1.2 g/kg) and dinitro
compounds (oral 1D50 in the rat less than 0.05
g/kg). The nitre coapounds are also dangerous tc
be«s. Numerous combinations of active ingredients
are marketed.
SOILS; SACCHABOSB: DBCOHPOSIIION: BICBOOBGaNTSBS;
2,«-B
In coaplete czapeck tedium, soil microorganisms
converted about SOX ofadded u.H'-DDT to ODD and
the ether SOS into water-soluble and volatile
compounds. In Cxapeck tedium lacking saccharose,
the corresponding figures were 30* and 70X.
Decomposition of tt,4'-DDT in columns of Chernotem
soil was mor-e rapid in non-sterile soil than in
sterile soil and was practically complete in
anaercbic non-sterile soil. Decomposition of
2,4'-DDT occurred in anaerobic but not in aerobic
sterile soil and was practically complete in
anaerobic non-steril soil. During decomposition,
a large amount of ODD mas formed under anaerobic
conditions, whereas under aerobic conditions some
DDI was formed. DDE and ODD were decomposed in
sterile and non-sterile soil.
DDT Decomposition in Soil Under the Influence of
Hicroorganises
Drni, E.G.; Sac, K.A.; Khokhryakova, V.S.
DoXl. Akad. Haulc SSSB, 200(4), 977-979; 1971
DDT; ODD; DDE; RATES; DETOXIFICATION;
VOIATILIZATION; SOUS
Soil microorganisms decomposed DDT to ODD, DDE,
water soluble, and volatile products under
laboratory conditions. The metabolic rate of the
•iercerganisms was significantly higher under
anaerobic conditions. DDT detoxication in soil
•ay fee increased by creating conditions favorable
for the development of microorganisms. (6
references)
253
Decomposition of Pyrimidine Derivatives in Soil.
The Effect of Specific Hicroflcra and Specific
Preincubation
Drobnikova, V.; Pospiailova, V.; University
Prague, Czechoslovakia
Zentralblatt fur Bakteriologie. Farasitenkunde.
Infektionskrankheiten und Hygiene. Zweite
Abteilung, 127(1), 98-112; 1972
DECOBPOSITION; PYRIHIDINE; SOILS; RICRCFLORA;
INCUBATION; THTHINE; DBACIl; CHERNOZEM;
OXIDATION; RENDZIRA; RESPIRATION CURVE
The basic types of respiration curves of thyiine
and uracil showed that both substrates underwent
oxidation in a chernoiem, apparently due to the
presence of the enzyme-complex
uracil-thymine-oxidase; only thyiine was oxidized
in a rendzina that lacked this etzyie-eomplex.
Specific preincubation promoted the prccess cf
oxidation, and the same occurred when specific
cacteria (growing on thymine and uracil) isolated
from the chernozem were inoculated intc the soils.
254
Decomposition cf DDT in Sell by Ricrootganisis
Drui, E.G.; Gar, K.A.; Khokhryakcva, V.S.;
Tsesoyuznyi Nauchno-Issledovatel'skii Institut
Khimicheskikh Sredstv Zashchity Bastenii, Moscow,
USSR
Dokl Akad Nauk Sssr Ser Biol 200 («) . 1971 (Reed
1972) 977-979.; 1971
ANAEROBIC; AEROBIC; METABOLISM; EOT; DCD; DDE;
256
Persistence, Robility, and Degradation of
Carben-14-Labeled-Dimethoate in Soils
Cuff, B.C.; Nenzer, R.E.; Dep.
Maryland, College Park, (Id
Entomol., dniv.
Environ. Bntomol. (mTEJt) . 2<3), 309-18; 1973
DIBEIBCATE; SOILS; MOVEMENT; DEGRADATION;
INSECTICIDES; PERSISTENCE; DIMETHOXON; TRACER;
CONVERSION; METABOLITES; LOAH; SILT; CLAT; SAND;
HATER; CABEOXTLIC ACID; RADIOACTIVITY;
DISTRIBUTION; LOAMY SAND; CLAT LOAN
Carbon 14-labeled dimethoate was converted to
dimethoxon and 2 unknown metabolites in silty
loam, loamy sand, and clay loam, conversion of
dimethoate to dimethoxcn was faster in more moist
soils, and the levels were generally greater.
Dimetfcoate carboxylic acid was the only
hydrolytic metabolite identified. The
distribution of radioactivity appeared to be
influenced by soil type. Downward movement was
slightly more extensive in loamy sand. An
increased soil moisture content promoted downward
movement in all 3 soil types and a more rapid
disappearance of carbon 14-dimethoate equivalents.
41
-------
257-262
257
Atrazine soil Organic Ratter Interactions
Dunigan, E. P.; Nclntosh, T.H.; Ariz. Agric. Zip.
Stn, Tucson, Arizona
Meed Sci 19 (3). 1971 279-282; 1971
POLTSACCHABIDES; PROTEIN; SOCIEIC 1CID; HOHIC
ACID; LIGNIN; QDINIZARIN; DAUB; EITRACTION;
HERBICIDES; ABSORPTION; SILT ICAR; LOAN;
ATRAZINE; SOILS; ETHYL BTHIR; ETHIl ALCOHOL;
MATER; FAT; OILS; OKIES; ADSORPTION:
POLYSACCHARIDES
The adsorption capacity of a silt loai for
atrazine was determined after successive
extraction vith ethyl ether, ethyl alcohol and
hot vater. Ether- and alcobol-extractable
co»ponents (fats, oils, vaxec) bed a negligible
capacity to adsorb atrazine. Hot-water
extractable laterials (polysaccharides) had a
siall adsorptive capacity. Of the compounds
chosen to be representative of scie soil organic
tatter coaponentc, polysaccharides had Ion
affinities for atrazine, a protein and a nucleic
acid had interiediate affinities and hniic acid,
lignin and quinizarin had high affinities. Rtak
cheaical bonds lay contribute to retention cf
herbicides by organic latter.
258
Adsorption-Desorption and Hoveaent of Picloran
(«-Aiino-3.5.6-Trichloropicolinic Acid) in Soils
Duseja, D.R.; Otah State Oniv., Logan, Utah
Univ. Hicrofilis, Ann Arbor, Rich., Order Mo.
73-5622, Diss. Abstr. Int. B 1973, 33(9), 9071;
1973
EICLORAH; SOILS; ADSORPTION: DESCBfTION;
KOVEHEHT: BATCH TECHNIQUE; SOU CCUJHlS; CATIOIIS;
FREDNDLICH MODEL; PH; INORGANIC SALTS
Adsorption and desorption of piclorai in soils
were studied using both batch technique and soil
coluins. ID batch studies the sell* adsorbed
10.a to 58.2% of the added piclorai frca
3.05-10.0 ppi aqueous piclorai solutions.
Adsorption vas highly correlated vith organic
•atter and sesquioxides content cf the soils, and
significantly correlated Kith catlcn exchange
capacity. Equilibration tiie vas 4-120 hours.
An increase in the teiperature froi 17.7 degrees
C to 25 degrees C caused increased adsorption;
raising the teiperature further decreased
adsorption. Adsorption followed tte Fteandlich
Model. Adsorption shoved a close negative
correlation vith pH changes. Frci (11.0 to 71.8*
of the initially adsorbed piclorai could be
eluted by two successive extractions vith
ileionized vater. Piclorai in aqueous eolation
was not precipitated by addition cf electroljtes.
In soil divalent inorganic cations increased
adsorption aoce effectively than icoovalent
cations, studies on the effect of caleiui
chloride concenttations on picloiai absorption
suggested an exchange type reaction vith piclorai
acting as a cation. Coluin studies corroborated
the findings of batch studies; inorganic salts
did iipede piclorai loveient in soils, presoiablj
by increasing piclorai adsorption.
259
Piclorai 1 Aiino-3,5,6-Trichloro Picolinic-Acid
Eersiatence in Soil and Plant and Bioassay
Hethcds of Residue Determination
Ittersten, S.
Institutionen for Taxtodling, Lantbruksbogskolan*
750 07 Uppsala 7, Sweden, 173 p.; 1972
SOILS; PLAKTS; PICLORAB; PERSISTENCE; BIOASSAY'
BESICOES
260
late of S,2 Bethoxy-S-Oxo-Delta-3-1, 3, 4-Thiadiazol
in-il-Yl Hethyl-0 0-Diiethyl Ehosphorodithioate
Supracide in Field Crown Agricultural Crops and
soil
Eberle, D.O.; Horiann, W.D.
J Ass Offic Anal Chei 5« (1) 1971 150-159
AEILZS; CHERRY; GRAPIS; PRODI; POTATOES; HOP-
INSECIICID1S; BESIDOES; CHOLId; ESTEBAS!;
INBIBITION; CHROHATOSRAPHT; ASRICOLT08E
261
Insecticide Residues in Soils
Edwards, C.A.
Residue Reviews, 13, 83-132; 1966
RESIIDES; INSECTICIDES; VOLATILITY; SOLDBI1ITY*
TOEHniATIOl; SOILS; SOIL CONTENT; MINERALS-
MICROORGANISMS; TEMPERATURE; RAINFALL; LEACHING-
MOIS1BRE; CULTIVATION
262
Insecticides
Edwards, C.A.; Dep. Entoiol., Rothaisted Exp.
Stn., Harpenden/Hertfordshire, Engl.
Crg. Chei. Soil Environ. (26DJAE) 1972, 2, 513-68;
1972
REVIII; SOILS; INSECTICIDES
42
-------
263-269
263
Movement of Dieldrin Through Soils. 1. Fro*
Arable Soils into Ponds
Edwards. C.A.: Thompson, A.R.; Benyon, K.I.;
Rothaasted Exp. Stn., Barpenden, England
Pestle. Sci., 1, 169-173; 1970
DI ELDS III; SOILS; POHDS; RATER; BCTTOH ROD;
B07EHERT; A IB
Dieldrin at 22-45 kg/ha of active ingredient vas
applied to strips of soil near pends. The strips
were separated fros the ponds by shallow to (tee;
slopes. The dieldrin vas lightly raked into the
soil, thoroughly incorporated by a cultivator, 01
was not incorporated after application. Dieldrin
was found in stall aiounts in untreated soil on
the surface of the slopes between th« treated
strips and the ponds, bat none was found in the
pood water. Very ssall aaonnts (laxiaui 0.3 pps)
were found in the bottom end of ponds, but not
when the dieldrin was thoroughly incorporated
into the soil. The largest amount of dieldrin in
the soil below a depth of 15 cs was 1.1 ppa 81
weeks after application.
26*
Hovesent of Chlorfenvinpho* in Sell
Edwards, H.J.; Beynon, K.I.; Edwards, C.A.; Shell
Research Ltd., Hood stock Agricultural Research
centre, Sittingbourne, Kent, OK
Pesticide Science, 2(1), 1-4; 1911
HOTERENT; CHLOBFIRVIRPROS; SOILS; IRSECIICIDES;
TERRESTRIAL ECOSTSTENS; POHDS; BOD; RATBB;
LEACRIHG; DIELtBIR
In 2 field experisents, the Insecticide was
applied to sloping arable land at 22 kg active
ingredient/ha. Only very small quantities of the
insecticide appeared lower down the slcpe and at
the bottoi and no detectable amounts reached the
pond and or the pond water (of one of the
experiments) within 36 weeks of application. In
trough experiments, lost of the leaching of
chlorfenvinphos occurred daring the first 9 weeks
after treatment and the aiounts appearing in the
leachates were about 9 times greater than in a
siiilar experiment using dieldrin. Bore
chlorfenvinphos leached vertically in drainage
water than laterally over the surface.
265
Hethoxychlor and 2, 4,5-T in Lysiaeter Percolation
and Runoff Rater
Edwards, R.B.; Glass, B.L.; North Appalachian
Exp. Watershed, Coshocton, OR
Bull. envl. Contas. Texicol., 6, 81-84; 1971
METHOXYCHLOR; SI1T; LOAM; SAIESTCRI; B1DROCK;
IERCOLATIOR; ROOT ZONE; LTSIHETEf; RATER;
2,4,5-T; ROROFF
Runoff during the 14 months after application of
11.2 kg/ha of 2,4,5-T and 22.4 kg aethcxychlcr of
a well-drained silt loam over sandstone bedrock
removed 0.05* of the 2,4,5-T and 0.00451 of the
methoxychlor. Percolated Hater intercepted below
the rooting zone at 2.44 m, contained no
methoxychlor and only traces of ;,«.5-T.
266
Effect of Soil Types on the Performance of some
Total Growth Control Chemicals
Iffer, i.R.
Froc. northeast teed Contr. Conf. 24, 257-263;
1970
GRASSj PICLORAR; DIOHOR; BBORACIL; ATBAZIHE;
PBCMITORE; HERBICIDES; REED CORTBOL; SOILS
267
Lindane Diffusion in Soils. 2. Rater Content,
Bulk Density and Temperature Effects
Ehlers, B. ; Farmer, R.J.; Spencer, R.F.; Letey, J.
Soil Sci. Soc. imer. Proc., 33, 505-508; 1969
LIRDARl; DIFFOSIOH; SOILS; RATER; BULK DERSITT;
IENPISATORE
268
Lindane Diffusion in Soils. 1. Theoretical
Consideration and Mechanisms of Movement
Ehlers, R.; Letey, J.; Spencer, ».F.; Farmer, R.J.
Sell Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc., 33, 501-508; 1969
1IRDADE; DIFFOSIOR; SOILS; HOVEHERT; TREORT
269
late of Cacodylic Acid in Soils and Plants
Ehian, P.J.; Wisconsin Alumni Research
Foundation, Radison, Wisconsin
Aneul Cheiical Company, Harinette, Wisconsin, 17
f. ; 1963, December 26
AGRICULTURE; CACODTLIC ACID; SOILS; PLARTS;
BEARS; CABBAGE; COBR; POTATOES; CABBOTS;
SOTBIARS; ARSAR-138; ADSORPTION; RESIDUES; RATS;
ARIMA.IS; ARSIRIC
Seven field crops, grown in a soil treated with 5
Ib/acie of 100* eacodylic acid, showed no
significant arsenic residue in the edible
portions. Cacodylic acid, when applied to soils
as a water solution, is quite firmly surface
adeorted by the soil particles. A small but
steady leaching of eacodylic acid occurs in
watered soils. Cacodylic acid applied to a sod
surface becomes rather evenly distributed at a
10-inch depth in about one week. The smoke, from
burning grass previously treated with eacodylic
acid showed increased irritation to mucous
•eibranes of the lungs of rats, over smoke from
burning untreated grass. Ro other toxic effects
resulting from ssoke inhalation were noted.
43
-------
270-278
270
BroBOphos and Broaophos Ethyl Residues
Eichler, D.
Part of Gunther, P.A. (Ed.), Residue Reviews,
Vol. H\, Heidelberg, Vest Geraany,
Springer-Verlag, Hew York, N.Y., (p. 65-112), 1B7
p.; 1972
INSECTICIDES; HETABOLISM; PLANTS; RESIDUES;
ANIMALS; BROBOfHCS; BROHOPHOS ETBYI
771
Degradation of Triforine in Selected Crops
Eichler, D.; c.H. Boehringer Sohi. Ingelheis
Reded. Pac. Landcouwwet. R.D. Gent., 37(2) ,
831-839; 1972
DEGRADATION; TRIPOHINE; CROPS; PONGICICES;
MANUALS; DISEASE; CIREALS; FFOITS; VEGETABLES;
ORNAMENTAL; RESIDUES; HTDROLTSIS; CHLORAL
HYDRATE; GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY; APP1ES; BARLIY
COCtJHBIRS; PUMPKINS; BREAKDOiN; STRAW; PLANTS;
KERNELS
Triforine is a systeaic fungicide with a lev
aaaaalian toxiclty. It is suitable for the
control of diseases on siall cereals, fruits,
regetables, and ornaientals. t icthod of
determining residues in crops is described. The
extract is hydrolyzed in hot acid. Triforine is
cleaved to chloral hydrate, which is determined
fcy leans of gas chroiatography. The detection
liait is below 0.01 pp« trifcrini. Degradation
curves of triforine in barley plants, apples.
cucumbers, and puipkins are presented. The
degradation in barley plants and apple foliage is
• uch faster than in apple, cocumfcer, and pumpkin.
Due to the fast breakdown in green plants of
cereals there are only small amocnts at trifarine
in the straw (0.01-0.2 ppm) and no detectable
residues in the kernels at harvest time. After
7-10 applications the deposit on apple* is net
higher than 1-1.5 ppm. Cucumber and pumpkin have
Initial residues smaller than 1 ppa. These
values decrease only slightly during the period
following the last application. On the basis of
90 day feeding studies in animalc residues of
triforine of the reported lagnitnde cat be
considered as not harmful to man and aniials.
272
Effect of Soil Solution and Organic Batter
Sources on the Bate of Persistence of Certain
Insecticides
El-Rafie, M.S.; Zidan, Z.H.I.
Bull Bntomol soc Egypt Econ Set (5) 1971 (Reed
1972) 159-169
DISYSTON; TEHIK; THIOCSON; HEPTACHLOH; SOUS;
PERSISTENCE; INSECTICIDES
Bovement, Adsorption and Degradation of
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid in Soil
Ilrick, D. E. ; HacLean, A.H.
Nature. 212(5057), 102-10
-------
279-284
279
Metabolism of Certain Select«a Pesticides
Engst, R.; Zentralinst. Ernaahr. , Dtsch. Akad.
Hiss. Berlin, Eotsdam-Rehbruecke, Ger.
Nahrung(HAHRAR) 1971. 15(8) 615-25; 1971
REVIEW; PESTICIDES: METABOLISM; DEGRADATION;
RESIDUES; CHLORINATE! HYDROCARBONS;
ORGA NO PHOSPHATES; PARATHIONj DITBIOCAREAHATE;
BTHTLENEBIS; P FT HAL IB IDE CAPTAN; BAMSALS;
MICROORGANISMS
A review with 32 references of the metabolic
degradation of residuesof chlorinated hydrocarbon
DDT, organophozphoEns Parathion, dithiocarbamate
Ethylenetis Dithiocarbamate, and phthaliiide
Cap tan pesticides in microorganisas and mammals.
260
Persistence of 5,6-Dichloro-2-Trifluoremethylbenxi
•idazole, a Major Degradation Product of
Fenazaflor in Bagerstovn Silt Loam Soil
Ercegovich, C.D.; Hartvig, H.I.; Witkonton, S. ;
Carroll,.?.; Pennsylvania State Cnivenity,
University Park, Pa
Environ Entomol. , 1(6), 730-7311; 1572
POTATOES; CARROTS; ACARICIDES; CHROBATOGRAPHT;
PERSISTENCE; DEGRADATION; FENAZAI10R; SIIT; 10Alt;
SOILS; DC 2983
Fenazaflor was applied in single and repeat dosee
to field clots in autumn and suiiei, and
5,6-dichloro-2-trifluoro-«ethjlb«nzimidazole
(HC-2983) residues vere determined by gas
chromatography. No significant disappearance of
NC-2983 occurred during autumn, winter or early
spring, bat it declined rapidly in saner. 801 of
that applied in summer disappeared in 135 days,
whereas 1 year was required for a comparative
amount to disappear when applied in autuin.
Residues vere not found below the sir-inch soil
depth.
281
Effectiveness of Several Met Herbicides in
Relation to Soil factors
Ernst, o.; Both, a.; naertin, B.; Inst. Acfcei-
Pflanzenbau, Friedrich-Sehiller-Onit., Jena, E.
Ger.
Arch. Acker- Pflanzenban Bodenk. (AAPBCl), 16(3),
225-33; 1972
SOILS; HERBICIDES; MAGNESIUM; BETANIL; HOSTABC;
SUGAR BEETS; PLAITS; PROPHAB; PRCXIBPHIB; DIOROII;
CLAI
The soil organic matter content bad a decisive
influence on the effect of h«rbicides en muctard
and sugarbeet plants. Thas, 6 tilts tt« dose cf
Betanil Propham plus Prorimphai flus Divjron »at
required to achieve the same herticidal effect on
mustard grovn on soil containing 1C.6*1 as
opposed to 1.29X organic matter. The Ragnesiui
content of soil Has positively ccrrelated vith
the organic matter content. A high clay content
also negative affected herbicidal acticn.
282
A Simplified Method for Determining
Phytotoxicity, Leaching and Adsorption of
Herbicides in Soils
label, T.; Barren, 6.F.
Needs, 15, 115-118; 1967
PHTTOIOIICITT; LEAC8ING; ADSORPTION; HERBICIDES;
SOILS
283
The Bio Degradation of Pesticides in the Soil
Esser, H.O.; J.R. Geigy S.A., Basle, Switzerland
Medea Fac Landounvet Rijksuniv Sent 35 (2) 1970
753-783; 1970
DEGRADATION; PESTICIDES; REVIEW; SOILS
281
Herbicide Contamination of Surface Runoff Waters
Evans, J.O.; Duseja, D.R.; Otah State Dniv.,
logan, OT
Environmental Protection Technology Series;
Monitoring Agency Rept. No. W73-12511,
EPA-R2-73-266; Proj. EPA-13030-FDJ; 106p.; 1973,
June
FLCW BATE; ATRAZINE; TEIAZINE; PICLORAM;
FICCIINIC ACID; HERBICIDES; ACETIC ACIDS;
TSICH1OROPHENOIT; WATER; SOILS; SURFACE WATER;
IRRIGATION; EROSION; ACSORPTION; LEACHING; CTREA;
CHLOBINE; AROMATIC COBPOONDS; BOTEBENT; DITCHES;
CANALS; WATERSHEDS; GRASS; WEEDS; DIORON;
StJSHITOL; PHENOXTACETIC ACID; PTRIDINE
Field and laboratory studies of the movement of
herbicides were conducted to determine their
potential as contaminants in irrigation return
flew. Special emphasis was given to the use of
herbicides for vegetation control along ditches,
canals and watersheds where high dosages are
required to control the excessive growth of
grasses and broadleavad weeds. The following
herbicides have been studied: substituted urea
(diuron) , triazines (summitol and atrazine),
phenciyacetic acid (2.U-D and 2.1,5-T) and a
cutstituted pyridine (picloram).
45
-------
285-289
265
Bates and Products of Decomposition of
2, 2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionania«
Erner, J.H.; Burk, G.A.; Kyriacou, D.; Halogens
Res. lab.. The Don Co., Midland, HI 486UO
J. Agr. FoodChem., 21(5), 838-812; 1973
DECOMPOSITION; DENPA; ANTIMICROBIAL; INDOSTRI;
INDUSTRIAL HATIF TFEATUEHT; HATEF: SERt
DRESSINGS; HYDROLYSIS; POLAHOGHAFHIC; EH; CARBON
DIOXIDE; AMMONIUM; BROMIDE; IOH; ACETOHITHILF;
OXALIC ACID; DIEHOMOACETAHIDI; SCILS;
DIBROMOACETTC ACID; GLYOXYLIC ACID; BI50LFITE;
CYANOACETiHIDE
Bates and products of decompcsitien of
2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide (DBKFM , an
antiiicrobial compound used for industrial water
treatment and as a seed dressing, were, determined
over a range of conditions. Rates of hydrolytic
decomposition determined polarographically at
various pHs and teiperatures, art consistent, with
acid- and base-catalyzed slide hydrolysis.
Hydrolysis of CBNPA ultimately fens carbon
dioxide, ammonia, and bromide ions via the
following sequence of degradation products:
dibromoacetonitrile, dibromoacet amide,
dibromoacetic acid, glyoxylic acid, and oxalic
acid. DBNPA reacts rapidly vith various ions such
as bisulfite tc foci cyanoacetamide.
Decomposition under the influence of sunlight
also leads to cyanoacetaiide. Contact Kith soil
and soil organisms degrades CBNPA. Decomposition
of DBNPA by several chemical and biological
pathways ensures that the compound will not
persist in the environment.
286
Aqueous Transport of Dieldrin Residues in SeilE
Eye, J.D.
J. Hater Pollut. Cont. Fed. Snppl., 10(8).
316-332; 1968
TRANSPORT; RZSIDOES; DIELDRH; SOItS; SITES
287
Adsorption of Herbicides in Soil*
farmer, ».J.; Department of Soils and Plant
•utrition, University of califorcia, Hivenide, CA
Part of Proceedings of the Annual California Weed
Conference, (22), 80-82; 197C
VOLATILIZATION: ADSORPTION; HIHBICIDES; SOILS
Factors affecting volatilization and adsorption
of herbicides in soils are discussed.
288
Effect of Balk Density on the Diffusion and
volatilization of Dieldrin fiom Soil
Farmer, 8.J.; Igue, K.; Spencer, ».F. ; Dep. Soil
sci. Agric. Eng., Univ. calliornia. Riverside, ca
J. Environ. Qual. (JEVQAA) , 2(1), 107-9; 1973
SOUS; DIFFUSION; TOLA 1ILIZA1IOH;
CBGA»OCHLORI»ES; INSECTICICE5; DIISITY ; SILT;
LOAM; CLAY; ORGANIC HATTBR; RATE; BOiOS; GI1A
SILT LOAD
As shown in laboratory experiments, using a gila
silt Icai, containing 0. 58* organic Batter and
17.61 clay, the rate of volatilization of
dieldrin fro» a buried soil layer, increased as
the bulk density of the overlying soil layer
decreased. The rate of volatilization of dieldrin
frcm a buried soil layer increased vith tine,
reaching a laximum level when diffusion through
the cverlying soil layer neared a steady state.
The volatility rate was proportional to the
initial dieldrin concentration in the buried soil
layer. The volatilization of dieldrin from
treated soil seems to te controlled by diffusion,
cnce the surface soil dieldrin concentration vas
reduced.
28S
Volatility of Organochlorine Insecticides fro»
Soil. 1. Effect o£ concentration Temperature,
»ir ?lo» Rate, and Vapor Pressure
Farmer, w.J. ; Igue, K.; Spencer, W.P.; Nartin,
J.F.
Soil Science Society of America, Proceedings,
30(3), 1V3-H50; 1972, May-June
VOIATI1IZATIOH; DIELERIN; SILT LOAD; AIR FLOW-
VAFOB PRESSURE; LINDANE; DDT; HATER MOVEMENT;
EATE; INSECTICIDES; PESTICIDES; SOILS; AIR; SILT-
1CAH; GILA SILT LOAM; HATER; MOVEMENT
The volatilization of dieldrin from Gila silt
Icam a£ influenced by soil pesticide
concentration was determined in the laboratory at
twc ait flow rates at 20 and 30 degrees C. The
influence of pesticide vapor pressure on
volatilization vas measured ty comparing the
volatilization fro* sila silt leap of dieldrin
vith that of lindane and DDT. No net water
•oveient to or froi the soil occurred during any
of the volatilization processes. The vapor
density of the soil-applied pesticide vas the
main factor controlling volatilization. The rate
cf volatilization of dieldirn from Gila silt loam
increased with Increasing soil pesticide
concentration until the soil dieldrin
concentration reached approximately 25 micro
gram/g. This is the soil dieldrin concentration
required to give a maximum saturation vapor
density equivalent to that of the pure compound.
In increase in temperature of 10 degrees C
increased the rate of volatilization
approximately fourfold. Increasing the rate of
air lavement over the soil surface from O.OOS to
0.018 mile/hour increased the rate of
volatilization twofold. The order of rate of
volatilization of three insecticides was:
lindani greater than dieldrin greater than DDT.
This is the same order for increasing vapor
prfstores of the three insecticides. The
increase in rate of volatilization of the three
insecticides was less than the increase in
maturation vapor density of the pure compounds.
Inis resulted because the concentrations of
lindane and dieldrin in tha soil rapidly
decreased below that required to give a maximum
vapor density of the pesticides. The maximus
volatilization rates Detained represent potential
locs«« of lindane, dieldrin, and DDT from soils
of 202, 22. and 5 kg/ha/year, respectively. The
volatilization rates decreased rapidly as soil
pesticide concentration decreased. Extrapolation
of the laboratory data to field situations
suggests that the rate of volatilization could
account for a significant proportion of these
applied pesticides lost under normal field
conditions.
46
-------
290-296
290
Diffusion and Analysis of Carbon-14 Labeled
Dieldrin in Soils
Farmer, W.J.; Jensen, C.E.
Soil Sci Soc Amer Proc. , 34(1), 28-31; 1970
1IQDID SCINTILLATION; DIFFUSION; ANALYSIS; CAREON
1tt; DIELDRIN; SOILS; TRACER
291
DDT Residues in Soil and Roots of Apple Trees
Following Repeated Spraying
rateyeva, O.T.; Kazakh Research Institute of
Plant Protection, USSR
Khimiya Sel'skc Khozyaistvo. 10(3), 195-198
DDT; SOILS; TREES; HOOTS; RESIDUES; PHCITS; APPLES
Residues were determined after two or three
sprays of 1500 I/ha containing 7g tDT/1. Soil
resdiues decreased fcy 52.4-63.2X in the first
Tear and 20-36X in the following tvo to three
years, with the greatest reduction in the soil
surface. Resdiue levels in soil and rcots were
correlated. Although residues in fruits were
negligible, seeds contained 5-60 ig DDT/kg.
292
Potential Environmental Cheiical Hazards Part 3.
Industrial and Miscellaneous Agents
Fish rein. I. ; Plan, w. G.
Sci. Total Environ., 1(2), 117-1HO; 1972, August
BIBLIOGRAPHY; BIOCONVERSION; CHLCRIHAT1C
HYDROCARBONS; FOOD CHAINS; ORGANIC HATTER;
HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS; HAZARDS; REBBICIDIS;
OBGANOMETALLICS; PESTICIDES; POLIHEBS; INDUSTRY
Selected chemicals, polymer and plastic
ingredients, rulber additives, brightening
agents, etc., are cited. Their structure, moAt
of entry into the ecological systei, aid kncwn
biological and tcxicological effect are detailed.
(131 references)
293
The Effect of Some Herbicides on the Retention of
Mobile Phosphorus Forms and Potassium in the Soil
of the Ukraine Steppes
Fisyunov, A.V.; Vsesoyuznyl
Nauchno-Issledovatel'skii Institot Kukuruzy. Ossr
Dokl Vses (Ordena Lenina) Akad S-Kh Nauk im V I
Lenina (3) 1972 11-13
CORN; SOYBEAN: FEAVINB; CHICK-PI*; LBHTIL; SINTF.R
•HEAT; SIHAZINE; PROPAZINE; CRLORAZINE; ATRAZINE;
SOILS: PHOSPHORUS; POTASSIUM; HOJIIITT
In a 3-year experiment on ordinary heavy loamy
chernozem, triazines did not affect the mobile-;
content of the plowed layer. Any changes in the
mobile-k content disappeared a year or two after
application.
294
Heavy Netals in Perspective
Fleming, G.A.
Farm Food Res., 4(4), 91-93; 1973
HEAVY METAIS; SPECIFIC GRAVITY; CADNIOH;
CHBOHIOM; COBALT; COPPER; IBON; LEAD; MANGANESE:
HERCOR1; HOLTBDENOH; OBAHIOH; ZINC; CALCIDH;
MAGNESIUM; POTASSIUM; SODIDH; SOILS; PLANTS;
HEALTH; DISEASE
Heavy metals all have one property in common, a
specific gravity of at least 4. Examples include
cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, iron, lead,
manganese, mercury, molybdenum, uranium and zinc.
Such metals as calcium, magnesium, potassium and
sodiur are not regarded as heavy metals. In
recent times popular science articles tend to lay
stress on the role of heavy metals in pollution
and, while this topic is dealt with in this
article, it seems desirable to paint a broader
picture. Accordingly the occurrence of heavy
metals in soils and plants is discussed together
with seme aspects of their role in health and
disease.
295
Aquatic Sediments
Foess, G.fl.
J. Hater Pollut. Contr. Fed., 4U(6), 1211-1218;
1972
REJIE1; AQUATIC SEDIMENTS; PESTICIDES;
TEMPERATURE; PH; SALT; CONCENTRATION; HATER;
DFIAKI; TOXAPHENE; SORPTION; ALGAL BLOOMS;
AQCATIC ECOSYSTEMS; SEDIHENTS
A review of recent literature on aguatic
sediments showed that the nature of the chemical
and the sediment and the organic content of the
sediment are determining factors in the fate of
pesticides in the aguatic environment.
Temperature, pH, salt concentration, or organic
pollutant concentration in the water do not
significantly affect pesticidal uptake and
release. Toxaphene accuaulated in sediment by
direct soprtion and by codeposition with algal
tlcois and other particulates. Since laboratory
experiments showed that the sorption of toxaphene
was irreversible, sediment could not be expected
to be a source of toxaphene in the water. (65
references)
296
Degradation of 2-Butanone by a Species of
Arthrotacter
Forney, F.R.; Daumy, G.O.; Larson, A.D.
Eacteriol Proc. 71, 142; 1971
SOILS; ACETYL ESTSPASE; GAS LIQOID
CHBOMKTOGHAPHY; DEGRADATION; BUTANONE
47
-------
297-303
297
Investigations on the Degradation and Vertical
Movement of Pesticides in Soil
Foschi, s.; Cesari, A.; Ponti, I.; University of
Bologna, Italy
Notiz. Hal. Piante 82-83, 37-U9; 1970
(IOVEMENT; ENDOSOLFAN; THIODAN; CAEBABT1; SEVIN;
DDT; BENOfllL; ORGAHOFHOSPHATES; PARATHION;
ALDSIH; SOILS; DIGRADATIOH
Along the 1U cheiicals investigated, tke
persistence of cndosulfan (Thiodan) and carbaryl
(Sevin) was slightly lover than that of the
others (DDT, benomil. etc.), vhile the rate of
degradation of organophosphates (such as
parathion) was inch nore rapid. Shi la aldrin was
retained in the 0-10 ci layer of soil, siall
aiounts of dieldrin or phorate occurred to depths
of 60 ci.
298
Study of Degradation and Vertical Moveient of
Pesticides in the Soil
Foschi, S.; Cesari, A.; Ponti, I.; Bentivogli,
P.G.; Bencivelli, A.
Notiz Bal Piante (82-83). 1910 37-U9
DDT; DIELDRIN: TENIK; CAPTAN; BEBLATE; THIODAN;
SEVIB; FUNGICIDES; INSECTICIDES; EIGRAIATION;
MOVEMENT; PESTICIDES; SOILS
299
Laboratory Incutation Studies of chlorcphenoiy
Acetic Acids in Chernozeiic Soils
Foster, R.K.; HcKercher, R.B.; D«pt. of Soil
Seiena, Dniversity of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon,
Canada
Soil Biol Biochem 5 (3). 1973 333-337
HICBOORGANISHS: 2,4.5-T; 2,4-D; 2. 4-0; 2
MWHYL-4 CHLOROPHENOTT ACETIC-AC3D; HSBBICIDES;
HALF-LIFE; HOISTDRE; DECOMPOSITION RATIS; SCPA;
SOILS; DEGRADATION; 2,4,5-T
MCPA, 2,4-D, and 2,4,5-T were degraded under
laboratory conditions in six Saskatchewan scils.
The extent of degradation generally coincided
with the size cf the licrcblal pcpoaltion. Nc
degradation was observed in sterilized soil. In
•oat of the soils degradation vac lost rapid with
SDK aoisture, and under field loistnre condition*
the half-life ranged froi 14 to 51 days for 2,4-C
and HCPA, and was atout tvic« the length for
2,U,5-T. Coiparative degradation rates of
1-Carbon 14 and 2-Carbon 1« labeled 2, «-D suggest
that degradation vas accomplished by ether
cleavage rather than decarboiylation.
300
Action of Two strains of Microorganisms Isolated
from the Soil on Phenobenzurcn and Their Effect
on its Phyotoxicity
Fournier, J.C.; soulas, o.; catroox, s.; Lab.
Ricrobiol. Sols, Inst. Batl. Been. Agron., Dijon,
Ft.
C. B. Acad. Sci., Ser. D(CHDDAT) 1973, 276(22)
2993-«; 1973
EHINCEINZOHON; SOILS; EACTEPIA; DIURON; OREA-
BIFBICIDES; PHYIOTOXICITV
301
Apparent Organochlorine Insecticide Contents of
Soils Saipled in 1910
Frazier. B.B.; Chester, G.; Lee, B.G.
Pesticides Nonit. J., 0(2), 67-70; 1970
OFGANCCHLOHINE INSECTICIDES; GAS CHFOBiTOGRAPHT-
IIITHVIENE GLTCOL; RESIDUES; INSECTICIDES;
HEFTHCHLOH »;POXIDE: ALCRIN; SOILS
A total of 34 soil saiples taken in Wisconsin
tetwscn 1909 and 1911 were extracted for
Organochlorine insecticides and analyzed by gas
chroiatography on three coluins-a aired
QF-1/IV-17 coluin. The saiples had been stored
continuously since collection in tightly sealed
glass jars and presumably vere free of
insecticide contamination. Of the 34 saiples, 32
shewed soie apparent insecticide residues en at
least one of the colnins. Because peaks
corresponding to particular Organochlorine
insecticides on chroiatograis froi one coluin did
not recur on other coluins, it was concluded that
the peaks arose frc'i ccextracted indigenous soil
components. Peaks corresponding to heptachlor
cpcxide on the QF-1/OV-17 coluin and to aldrin on
the QF-1/ DC-200 coluin provided greatest
interference in chroiatographic determination.
(5 references)
302
Adsorption, Movement, and Distribution of
Pesticides in Soils
freed, V.H.; Hague, B.; Dep. Agric. chem., Oregon
State Univ., Corvallis, Or
festic. Forinlations (27IZ10.) , 441-59; 1973
REVIII; DISTBIBOTION; PESTICIDES; SOILS;
ABSOffTIO"; MOVEMENT
303
Adsorption and Transport of Agricultural
Chemicals in Watersheds
Frere, N.R.; Hater Quality Management Lab., ARS,
OStA, Durant, OK
Trans. ASAE (Amer. Soc. Agr. Ing.) 16(3),
569-572; 1973
F.OOEI; ADSORPTION; TRAIISPORT; SOILS; RATER;
H.ANIS; AGBICOLTOBI; flTIHSHlDS; DEGRADATION;
VOLAIILIZAIION; MOVEMENT; FERTILIZERS;
PESTICIDES; RONOFF; PHOSPHATES; EROSION; STREAMS-
IRANSIORT; HERBICIDES '
A model describes the pathways of chemicals in
the soil-water-plant system important to their
movement in watersheds. Method of application,
adsorption, degradation, and volatilization
affect the pathway of the chemical, vhile
bydrologic factors control the speed of movement
and amount of chemical moved. Interactions
involved have been illustrated in a hypothetical
example.
48
-------
304-309
304
Degradation of Chlorinated Hydrocarbons Under
anaerobic Conditions
Tries, G.F.; Anil. Sci. Res. Div., O.S. Dep.
Agric.. Beltsville. Hd.
Advan. Chem. S«r. (ADCSAJ) 1972, 111 (Fate of Org.
Pestic.) 256-70; 1972
REVIEW; ORGANOCBLOHISE INSEC1ICICES; DEGRADATION;
INSECTICIDES
A review Kith 38 references on the anaerobic
degradation of organochlorine insecticides in the
environment.
307
Cn Herbicide Residues in Soil. 1. The Residual
Amcunt of 2, 4, 5-T and Ha-PCP in Forest Soil
?unazaki> Z.; Asanuma, H.; Otsuji, n.
Hipp en Noson Igakkai Zasshi, 21(2) , 304-350; 1972
2,4,5-T; SOILS; PERSISTENCE; HA-PCP; FORESTS;
CAEBAGI; RESIDUES: HERBICIDES
Residues of 2,4,5-T were determined in two soils
12 and 18 months after application of 2.4 and 3.2
kg/ha and 2.8-10.7 I 10(-3) ppm after 12 and 18
months respectively. The levels decreased with
depth and time. The persistence of Ba-PCP in
paddy and cabbage field soils was also studied.
305
Residue of an Organoarsenic Pesticide for
Controlling Bice Sheath Blight in Rice Plants and
Soils in Treated Paddy Fields
Fujimoto, Y.; Kawahara, T.; Nakamura, H.; Agr.
Chem. Insp. Sta., din. Agr. and forestry, Tokyo,
Japan
Bull. Agr. Che«. Inap. Sta., 12, 71-75; 1972
RICE; PESTICIDES; SOILS; PLAHTS; RICE SBEATH
BLIGHT; ORGANOABSENIC; FUNGICIDES; FERRIC
HETHANE; AHSENATE; ARSENIC
Organoarsenic fungicides such as ferric
•ethanearsotate are indispensable foe controlling
rice sheath blight, one of the lajor diseases of
rice plants in Japan. The relationship between
the amount of organoarsenicals affliea and their
residues in rice grain, straw, and soil was
studied. The residues of total, inorganic, and
organic As (as As203) were determined in polished
and unpolished rice grain, straw, and soil to
which ferric methanearsonate had teen applied at
rates of 5.2-16 g (as As203)/10 are in four
districts. Total amount of As in the soil was
unexpectedly high in all districts evet in the
fields where no arsenic had been applied (rates
of 13.5. 55.0, 20.0. and 57.50 pc«). About
54-100% of total As was inorganic, the organic As
percentage being very small. In rice grain
harvested in paddy fields where the soil
contained more than 20 ppi of organic Is,
unpolished rice grain contained 0.68-1.65 p;m
total As and 0.05-0.62 ppm organic As. Total As
of less than 1.0 ppm and organic As of less than
0.3 ppm were detected in nnpelished rice grain
harvested in fields where total As was 60 ppm and
organic As very small.
306
Enzyme System Involved in the Decomposition of
Phenyl Mercuric Acetate by Hercury Resistant
Pseudomonas
Furukawa, K.; Tonomura, f.
Agric Biol Chem., 35(4), 604-610; 1971
GLOCCSE; DEHYDROGEHASE; NAD; Oil DO REDOCTASE;
ARABINOSE; DEHYDHOGENASE; DECOMPOSITION; PHENTL
NEBCOEIC ACETATE; BEHCORY
305
Persistence of Atrazine in Sterile and Nonsterile
Soil: with Various Moisture contents
Fusi, P.; Franci, (I.; 1st. Chim. Agrar. For.,
Oniv. Firenze, Florence, Italy
Agrochimica(AGRCAX). 15(6), 557-63; 1971
ATRAZINE; RECOVER!; SOILS; MOISTURE; BACTERIA:
CLAT ; SAND; STERILIZATION; DEGRADATION; HERBICIDES
The recovery of atrazine from clay, sandy, and
organic soils was higher from dry samples than
from moist sample; recovery was intermediate from
samples which were alternately wet and dry.
Recovery was greater from sterilized than from
nonsterilized soils, although the effect of
sterilization was lower when samples were moist.
Studies designed to seperate microbial and
chemical degradation of herbicides become
complicated by the difficulty in sterilizing soil
without altering its colloidal chemical
properties.
306
Metabolism and Degradation of Carbamate
Insecticides
Fukunaga, K.; Div. Agric. Chem., Hatl. Inst.
Agric. Sci. , Tokyo, Japan
Pestic. Terminal Residues, Invited Pap. Int.
Symp.(25RGay) 1971, 163-71; 1971
REVIEW; CAHBAMATE; INSECTICIDES; METABOLISM;
ANTZCHOLINESTERASE; DEGRADATION
A review with 27 references the relations betwser
chemical structure, biological activities,
metabolism, and degradation cf carbamate
insecticides such as nitrophenvl
nn-dim ethyl car bam ate are discussed.
49
-------
310-315
310
Beitraege zur ockologischen Chemie. 56.
Photoreactions of Aldrin/Dieldrin-tletabolite
Dihydrochlordene-1,3-discarboxylic Acid
Gaeb, S.j Klein, R.: Korte, P.; Inst. Oekol.
Chen., schloss Birlinghoven, Germany
Chemosphere, 2(3), 107-110; 1973
METABOLITES; ALDRIN; SOILS; PLANTS; DIHLDRIN;
HAflBALS; REACTION PRODUCTS; IHCTCHYDROGINATIOH ;
IHOTOISOHIRIZATION; DECHLORIBATICH;
DIHYDROCHLORDEHE-1,3-DICARBOXYIIC ACID
After dihydrochlordene-1,3-dicarlcxylic acid,
known as the prinicpal aetabolite cf aldrir in
soil and various plants and of dieldrin in
• a»als, was irradiated in scluticn or gaseous
for*, the reaction products Here identified.
Substantial amounts of cyclizefl anc hydrogenated
compounds were formed; photohydrogenation is a
newly discovered reaction type fcr this class of
compounds. When the dimethyl ester of fl»* title
compound in 0.5* n-h«xane soluticn was irradiated
at wavelengths telow 300 n», dechlcrinati'on
products were obtained. One of these products
was present in a tout 85% yield after 25 minutes
of irradiation. Different products were obtained
on irradiation of a H solution cf tha di»ethyl
ester in n-hexane. In additicn tc the familiar
reactions of dechlorination at tie chlorinated
double bond and cyclization three new reaction
types were found: photoisoierization;
photohydrogenation of the double bond in the
chlorinated five-membered ring; and introduction
of a double bond into the non-chlorinated
five-meibered ring with simultaneous
hydrogenation of the chlorinated double bond.
isolated fro» the cultures, were identified as
5-chloro-o-cresol, 5-chloro-3-methylcatechol, and
Gamma-carbonymethylene-Alpha-methyl-Delta Alpha
Eeta-butenolide. Therefore, the following
metabolic pathway vas proposed:
U-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetate greater than
5-chlcro-o-cresol greater than
E-chloro-3-methylcatechol greater than
Gamma-carboxymethylene-Alpha-methyl-Delta Alpha
Beta-tutenolide greater than
Alpha-hrdroxy-Alpha-methyliuconate.
313
netabclism of t Chloro-2-Bethylphenoxy Restate by
a Soil Pseudomonad Ring Fission Lactonizing and
Delactcnizing Enzymes
Gaunt, J.K.; Evans, W. C.
Eicchem J 122 (1). 1971 533-5U2
HERBICIDES; RING FUSION; OXYGENASE;
LACTONIZATION; ENZYHE; DEHYDROCHLORI NATION;
IISSICS; HETABOIISB; ACETATE; SOILS
311
leaching of Some Scil Insecticides in 3 Egyptian
Soils
Gawaad, A.A.A.; All, E.S.H.N.; Shazli, A.Y.
Eull Intomol Soc Egypt Econ Ser., (5), 23-26; 1971
LEACHIHG; INSECTICIDES; SOILS
311
Non-Biological and Fungal Tranafcriaticna of
Fungicides
Garraway, J.L.; Rye Coll., Univ. London,
Ashford/Kent, Engl.
Pestic. Sci.(PSSCBG) 1972, 3(«) KH9-55; 1972
REVIEW; FUNGICIDES; BIOTRANSFOBHATION;
DEGRJDATION; HITtBOLISN; FORGOS; TBIHSFORHATIOII
A review with 76 references was given en the
behavior and interactions of fnngieidae,
including a few aspects of the metabolism of
fungitoxicants and related compounds by fungi.
312
Retabolisi of U-Chloro-2-N9tbyIphenoxyacetate by
a Soil Pseudomonad. Preliminary Ividence for the
Metabolic Pathway
Gaunt, J.K.; Evans, B.C.; D«p. Biochem. soil
Sci., Univ. Coll. North Hales, Bangor, iale»
Bioche*. J. (Bijoak) 1971, 122(1) 519-2€; 1971
CHLOROHETHTL; HERBICIDES; NEI1BOLISH;
PSEUDOMONAS; SOILS; PITRRAIS; CARBON;
a-CfltORO-2-RETHYLPREHOXYJlCITlTZ; RETABOLITES
The herbicide U-chloro-2-mrt hylpbenoxyacet«t« »ai
utilized by a sell pseudomonad in liquid media as
a sola carbon source. The intermediate
metabolites of a-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetate
315
Atrazine, Terbutryne, and G3-1U2SU Adsorption,
Cecorction, and Solubility in Salt Solutions and
Eoveient in Soil Materials
Gaynor, J. D.; Oregon State Univ., Corvallis, Oreg.
Thesis, Oregon State Oniversity, University
Bicrofilis Order He 73-21, 305 (135 p.); 1973
ATKAZINE; SOILS; HOTENINT; TERBOTRYN; GS 1U25U;
ADSOBPTIOH; DESORPTION; SOLUBILITY; PH; RUNOFF-
CLAY: IEACBING; RATER; CLOQDATO SOIL; CARBON;
TRANSPORT; LIBB; SWIDiMTS; S-TPIAZIBE;
PHYTCTCXICITY; RAINFALL; CROPS; HERBICIDES
Adsorption-desorption experiments with herbicides
en clcgnato soil indicated that salt
concentrations in the soil solution would not be
high enough to reduce s-triazine solubility. Low
salt concentrations would reduce GS-1U25U and
terbutryn adsorption, thus increasing
thytctoxicity. GS-1U25K and terbutryn adsorption
always decreased when the soil pH increased upon
addition of base whereas atrazine adsorption
increased in some soils. Soils high in clay and
carbon content greatly reduced the effect of pH
en s-triazine adsorption. Atrazine adsorption
occurred in the soil carbon fraction whereas
GS-1U251 and terbutryn showed equal affinity for
crganic and clay mineral surfaces. Atrazine and
taibntryn losses in transported sediment and
runoff water from herbicide treated areas are not
great enough to create a threat to nontarget
organisms or surrounding crops. Because of high
adcorption, atrazine and terbutryn leaching in
unlimed and limed soil was restricted to the top
23 cm ef soilafter addition of 15 cm of rainfall.
50
-------
316-322
316
Behavior of urea Herbicides on Scil with Special
Deference to Environmental Contaiinaticn Problems
Seissbuhler, H.; Guth, J.A.: CIBA Agrochem. Civ.,
Basle. Switzerland
Part of Proc. 10th br. Seed Control Conf. 1910
(p. 307-313) ; 1970
PERSISTENCE; HERBICIDES; LEACHING; FLOCBETOFON;
SOUS
Order typical climatic conditions in Central
Europe, the parent compound and total residue
disappeared at a rate such that net lore than 20»
of the initial concentration persisted 5 tenths
after application. None of the herbicide was
leached below a depth of 30 ca. Pluometuron did
not penetrate into drainage water.
317
The Pate of N1 - (4-chlorophenoxyphenly) -N,
N-dimethylurea (c-1983) in Soils and Plants 1.
Adsorption and leaching in Different seils
Geissbuhler, H.; Haselbach, C. ; Aavi, B.
feed Research, 3, 140-153; 1963
FATE; N' (4-CHLOBCPHBNOXYPHBNYD-N,
H-DIHETHVLUREA; SOILS; PUNTS; ADSORPTION;
LEACHING
318
Leaching as a Tocl in the Evaluation of Herbicides
Gerber, H.R.; Ziegler, P.; Dubach, P.
Part of Proc. 10th br. Weed Control Conf., 197C,
(118-125); 1970
LEACHING; HERBICIDES; SOILS; BIOASSAI
Leaching of commercial herbicides and
experimental products was determined
chromatographically, using thick layers of soil
and bioassay to detect the herbicides.
319
Persistence of Methidathion in Sells
Getzin, L.S.; dash. St. Oniv., Puyalluf, HA
Bull. Env. Contam. Toxicol.. 5, 1C4-110; 1970
HETHIDATHIOH; PERSISTENCE; SOILS; IEGRADATION;
SILT; SANE; CLAY; ORGANIC SOILS; LOAM;
MICROORGANISMS: TRACER
Methidathion degraded rapidly in a sandy loai,
silt loam, clay loam and organic soil. Fifty per
cent of the initial applications decomposed in
less than 2 weeks and greater than 90*
disappeared within 16 weeks. In soils treated
with methidathicn containing 14CC2 in the ring cr
methyl side chain, 10-66% of the radioactivity
was recovered as 14C02 after 16 weeks. Over half
of the remaining radioactivity cculd net be
extracted from the soils, while less amounts were
recovered as the parent compound or as
water-soluble degradation products. In fumigated
coils. SOX of the initial insecticide
applications still remained after 16 weeks and
less than 3* of the radioactivity was expired as
14C02. This suggests that microorganisms are
primarily responsible for the degradation of
•ettiidathioa in soil.
32C
Persistence and Degradation of Carbofuran in Soil
Getzin. L.».; flestern Washington Res. Extension
Center. Washington State University, Puyallnp, wa
98371
Envircn Entomol., 2(3). 461-467; 1973
CARBON 19; BEHZOFORAN; INSECTICIDES; HICROBIAL
ACTIVITY; SOILS; STERILIZATION; PH; HYDROLYSIS;
TRACER; PERSISTENCE PESTICIDES; HYDROLYSIS;
CASBCF08AN; SILT LOAN; PHENOL
Laboratory studies indicated that rapid chemical
hydrolysis is responsible for the degradation cf
carbcfuran in alkaline soils although some
chemical and microbial degradation occurs in acid
soils. Half-lives varied from 4 to greater than
54 weeks, depending on soil type. Sterilization
had nc effect on the degradation rate of
carbofuran in ritzville silt loam and only a
slight effect in the sultan and organic soils
tested. Host of the Carbon 14 was recovered from
the degraded carbonyl-labeled carbonfuran as
14CO2. The amount of bound radioactivity
increased to levels as high as 71* of the applied
radioactivity and then gradually decreased.
Carbofuran phenol yielded similar results.
Carbcnfuran is probably hydrolyzed to the phenol,
immediately bound to the soil constituents, and
slcwly metabolized by microorganisms.
321
Effect of Soils Opon the Uptake of Systemic
Insecticides by Plants
Getzin, L.S.; Chapman, R.K.; Department of
Entoiclogy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
Journal of Economic Entcmology, 52(6). 1160-1165;
1959
CTHETBYL 5-(1-ISOPROPYL-3-HE7HtL-PYRAZOLYL-C»RBAHA
IE); 1-HETHOXYCARBCNYL-1-PROPEN-2-Y1 DIMETHYL
FHOSPHATE; ORGANIC MATTES; NITROGEN ORGANIC
SYSTI8IC USECTICIDES; LEACHING; APHIDS;
EIOASSAY; ANTICHLOINESTBBASZ THIBET; SOILS; SAND;
O.C-DIETHYL S-(ETHILTHIO)METHYL
fHCSfHCRCDITHIOATE; SCHPADAN; ISOLAN; BINDING;
EXCHANGE CAPACITY; PHOEDHIN; INSECTICIDES
322
Partial Purification and Properties of a Soil
Enzyme That Degrades the Insecticide Malathion
Getzin, L. H.; Rosefield, I.
Bicchim Biophys Acta., 235(3), 442-453; 1971
fOBinCATIOH; SOILS; EHZYHE; INSECTICIDES;
BA1ATHION; ESTER1SE; ION EXCHANGE;
CHHOHATOGRAPHY; DEGRADATION
51
-------
323-330
323
Persistence of Diazlnon and Zinofhos it Soils
Getzin, L.H.; Bosafield, I.
J. Econ. Enton., 59(3), 512-516; 1966
PERSISTENCE; DIAZINON; ZINOPHOS; SOILS
32
-------
331-338
331
Residue Analyses and Biotests ID Bice Fields of
East Java Treated with Thiodmn
Gorbach. s.; Hairing, s. • Knaaf, «.; Farbwerke
Hoechst A.a., Frankfort, German federal Republic
Bull. Env. Contaa. Tori col., 6. 193-199; 1971
RESIDUES; ENDOSOIFA"; THIODAH; BICI; FIDDIZS;
HOD; SOILS; PERSISTENCE
Residues of endoculfan (the a,cti.v« ingredient of
Thiodan 35EC which was applied at 1.4 1/h.a)
declined within 3-5 days to a constant level in
the rice paddy water of 0.0005-0.0008 ppa. In
both the dry and wet sad of tbe caddies the
residual level of endosulfan did sot eiceed 1.9
PP».
332
fuaigants. Fungicides, and Nematccides
Goring, C.I.; Ag-Org. Dep., DOW Chee. Co., Valnut
Creek, Calif.
Org. Ghe«. Soil Zniiron. (26D3AE_, 2. 569-632; 1972
REVIEW; SOILS; PESTICIDES; TOHIGARTS; FUNGICIDES;
NEHATOCIDES
333
Physical Soil Factors and Soil Fomigant Action
Goring, C.A.
Part of Toussoun, T.A., Sega, R.V.; Nelson, P.Z.,
(Eds.) Root Diseases and Soil'Bome Pathogens.
Symposium. University of California Press:
Berkeley, CA, 1970 (p. 229-233) 252p.
33K
The Degradation and Movement of ficlor«» in Soil
and Hater
Goring. C.A.; Haaaker, J.H.; Dow Chemical
company, walnut Creek, California
Down to Earth, 27(1), 12-15; 1971
DEGRADATION; HOVEHENT; SOILS; UTER; PICLOBAH;
REVIEW
335
Bioindicator Determination of the Adsorption of
Herbicides by Three Types of Soils
Gorzelak, A.; Zakl. Gleboznawstwa Nawozenia,
Inst. Bad. Lesn., larsav, Pol.
Pr. Mauk. Inst. Technol. Org. Twcrzyw Sztncznych
Politech. "roclaw. (PIUTAF) 1972, Mo. 9, () 85-7;
1972
HERBICIDES; ABSORPTION; SOILS; ATEAZIMZ;
SIRAZIDE; DOHATOI; CLAY; HARSH; SANDY CtAY SOUS
Atrazine, siiazine, and doiatol were b«st
absorbed by ear ah sell, to a saaller extent by
fine grain soil, and the least by light sandy
clay soil.
336
Simultaneous Extraction of flydroxyatrazine,
Atraiine and Aaetryne From Some Hawaiian Soils
Goiwaii, K.P.; Green, R.E.
Soil Sci Soc am Proc., 37(5), 702-707; 1973
T8IAZIIE; BERBICIDIS; IXTBACTIOR; AHETRYIE;
SOUS; HT.DROSTATRAZIHB; ATHAZINE
33T
Hicrobial Degradation of the Herbicide Atrazine
and its 2 Bydroiy Analog in Submerged Soils
Goswami, K.P.; Green
Honolulu, Hi
B.E.; Dniveristy of Hawaii,
Environ Sci Technol., 5(5), »26-»29; 1971
CHROHATOG8APHY; PH; DEIOXIFICATION; RESTRICTED
A£EATIO«; SOILS; RIBBICIDES; ATRAZINE;
DEGRADATION; MICROBES; HIDROXTATRAZINE; METABOLITE
Soil-applied pesticides transported by erosion
from the site of application to waters and
sediments are subject to conditions sufficiently
different from those of aerated soils to alter
persistence. Degradation was followed by
measurement of carbon 1102 evolution and
chromatographic separation of metabolites in soil
extracts treated .with carbon 14 ring-labelled
atrazine and hydroxyatrizine.
336
la ate Pesticide Hanagement
Gonlding, R.I.
Creg. State Dniv. Environ. Health Sci. Cen.,
J27-2JS; 1972
EICDIGBADATION; INDUSTRIAL WASTES; 2.U-D;
HERBICIDES; MOVEMENT; VOLATILIZATION; HIND BORNE;
CEGRACATIOH; GRODND IA1ER; SOILS; WATER
Dearly complete biodegradaticn of industrial
wastes derived from production of 2,4-D and other
herbicides has been achieved in tha Alkali Lake
area cf Oregon, in small plot applications after
two years. Oncontrolled movement was a minimal
hazard in this basin, and loss through
volatilization or windborne particles was low.
Losses have been reduced by subsurface soil
injection, and degradation rates appear to be
nearly as rapid as those found with surface
application. Experiments in progress also
indicate that the waste aaterial could be used to
eliminate undesirable range plants. In another
phase of the project, site management criteria
for classification and storage of spent
containers, and monitoring of air and ground
water, have been developed and are being used.
Presently being tested is a decontamination
process line.
53
-------
339-344
339
Biological Activity of some Herbicides on Varicus
Types of Soils iiith Various Boisture Contents
Grabovski, K.; Inst. Ochr. fiosl., Poznan, Pol.
Biul. Inst. Ochr. Rosl(BOCRA2) , Ho. 1*8, 51-60;
1971
HERBICIDES; SOILS; HAtM; BDIFOR; RttSTARD;
PREVENOL; NEXOVAL; ALIPDB; SUITE HOSTABD; BLACK
EARTH; PODZOL
Bulpur. prevenol 56, nenoval, and alipur were 98,
8«, 83. and 73% effective, respectively, against
white «ustard, SIHAPIS ALBA. The herbicidal
activity was greatest on black earth. No relation
between moisture content and activity was
observed on black earth and heavy podzcls, bat en
light podzols, the herbicidal activity increased
with increase in water content.
310
Diffusion of Organophosphotus Insecticides in
Soils
Graham-Bryce, I.J.
a. sci. Food Agr., 20<8) , 489-494; 196S
EIFFOSIOH; DISDIFOTOH; DIHETHOATI; SILT LOAD; GAS
LIQUID CHROMATOGBAPHY; ISSECTICIDES; PISTICIDES;
SOILS
Diffusion of disulfoton and diiethcate in a silt
loam soil was studied over a range of
concentrations and •oistura contents. Apparent
diffusion coefficients were calculated from, the
distribution of the insecticide in a cclnmn cf
soil after diffusion from one half of the coluin
to the other for a known time. The distribution
was deter«in«d by slicing the colnin into natron
sections using a specially ccnstrncted diffusion
cylinder which is illustrated. Analysis was by
gas-liquid chroiatograpby with thermionic
phosphor as detector. Diffusion coefficients
varied little with concentration for both
insecticides, tut increased rapidly with
increasing moisture content for diietheate from
0.0000000331 SQ cm/ate at 10* volumetric moisture
content to 0.00000141 SO cm/tec at 13* moisture
content. Conversely, for disalfcton, which is
•ore volatile, less soluble and more strongly
sorbed than diiethoate, diffusion coefficients
were smaller (0.0000000283 SQ cm/sec at 41J
•oisture content and did not change much a* the
soil became drier (0.00000002711 SQ cm/sec at 81
•oisture content)).- The influence of partition
between solid, solution and vapor, phase* in the
soil and the influence of the geometry of the
pathway through the soil pores on the apparent
diffusion coefficient is discussed. The likely
behavior of other pesticides is considered in the
light of these results.
341
Solutions to Problems of Soil Pollution by
Agricultural Chemicals'
Graham-Bryce, I.J.; Bothamsted Zip. Sta.,
Harpenden, Herts., England
Part of Barrekette, I.S. (Ed.), Pollution:
Engineering and Scientific Solutions, Plenum
Press, (Tew Tork-London (p. 133-1
-------
345-349
3U5
continuous Flow Method for studying Adsorption of
Organic Chemicals by a Huiic Acid Preparation
Grice, R.E.; Hayes, H.R.; Lundie, P.a.j Garden,
N.H.: Oep. Chei.. Oniv. Bin., Birmingham, Engl.
Chei. Int. (London), (5), 23--23H; 1973
PESTICIDES: SOILS; ADSOBPTIOM; HIBEICIIES;
RUHOS;; CONTIHOCOS FLO*
346
Insecticidal Activity of Oiethyl and Dimethyl
Analogs of Azinphos, Broiophcs, Carbophenothion,
and Parathion on Slass Surfaces and in Sell
Griffiths, B.C.; Smith, C.; Rothamsted Exp. Stn.,
Harpenden/Herts., England
Pestic, Sci. (PSSCBG) 1973, «(3) , 335-02; 1973
DIHETHYL; DIETHTL; INSECTICIDES; GLASS;
PARATHION; BROHOFHOS; CA8BOPHENOTHIOH; IZHFBOS;
BIOASSAT; SAND; FEAT; CLAX LOAD; LOAB; SOILS
The dimethyl and diethyl foris o( parathion,
bromophos, carbophenothion, and azinphcs, for
exaiple dimethyl parathion, diethyl parathion,
etc., Here tested for their insectlcidal activity
on glass and in different tyres cf soil. The 8
compounds were tested in a bioaaaay as ing
DROSOPHILA HELAIIOGASTER. Generally, both tons of
broiophoa and parathion Here ior< toxic on glass
and in soil than the corresponding forts of
carbophenothion and azinphos. There were only
slight differences, however, betvetn the toxicity
of the diethyl and diaethyl foil a of each
insecticide. Insecticide toxicity in decreasing
order in different soil types «ith different
moisture contents vast moist sand equivalent to
dry sand greater than moist clay loaa gce«t«t
than dry clay loai greater than dry peat greater
than moist peat. In both sterile aid non-sterile
•oil, the diethyl for* regained toxic longer in
the soil than the dimethyl fora, except in the
case of carbophenothion.
3«7
Microbiological Degradation of Parathicn
Griffiths, D.C.; walker, M.; Rothauted Exp. Stn,
Harpenden, England
Haded Pac Landouwwet Rijksnniv Gent., 35(2),
805-810; 1970
IISECTICIDES; PSIODOH01UDS; DE6R1DATIOI;
PARATHIOI; PERCOLATION; BICSOB1S; SOILS
Soil-percolation experiments showed that
parathion in soil vas decomposed by a heat-labile
agent, transferable in ••all aiotints fro* one
soil culture to another. This ia ccnaittent with
the affects of licro-organisis, bat the organisit
resposible have not yet been isolated in par*
culture. HicrorespiroMter experiments showed
that soil psendoionads that grew with
4-nitrophenol as their sole source of Carbon did
not metabolize parathion.
3«8
The Distribution of Carbon-11 Labelled Simazine
and Atrazine Before and After Incubation Detected
ty Auto Radiography of Soil Particles
Crossbar
-------
350-355
350
Movement of Pic local in Soil Columns
Groyer, R. ; Res. Stn.» Agric. Def. Canada,
Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
Can. J. Soil Sci. (CJSSAR) , 53(3), 307-1(1; 1973
PICLORAN; MOVEMENT; PRAIRIE SCI1S; HERBICIDES:
SOILS; LEACHING; H0HUS; C1AT; BLACK SOIL; H»TZR;
SANDY LOAM; LOAM; RATE; SOIL COLUMNS
Piclorai was readily leached in all of 7 Canadian
prairie coils tested. Picloram icveient was
greatest in the soil with the lo«est otganic
•attec and clay content. Piclorai loveient was
the least in black soils which were high in
organic latter. Piclorai iov«ient in clay sell
was increased by increasing the Hater intensity
increments from 0.25 to 2.5 ci, tut this had no
effect on piclorai measurement it sandy loai.
There was no significant difference in piclocai
movement at application rates cf 0.2 01 2.0 kg/ha.
351
Adsorption of Ficloram by Soil Cclloids and
Various other Adsorbents
Grover. R. • Canada Department of Agriculture,
Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
Weed Sci 19 (U) . 1971 »17-»18
STRAH; PEAT; MOSS; HERBICIDES; HCNTHOaiLLONllE;
CATICH EXCHANGE RESIN; CE110ICSE ECWDBf;
KAOLINITI; CLAT; PICLORAH; SCILS; ADSORPTIOI;
ADSORBENTS
The kd values (licrograi adscrtei/g divided by
•icrogram/ml in eguilibriui solution) for soils
ranged froi 0.09 to 0.75 and v«i< correlated only
with soil organic latter. The kd values for other
adsorbents varied froi 0 to 232, the order of
adsorption being activated charcoal tore than
anion-exchange resin lore than peat loss lore
than cellulose triacetate. Re poclerai was
adsorbed on lontiorillonita or kaolinite clays,
cation-exchange resin, wheat straw or ctllolcse
povder. The differences in the adscrption of
ficlorai were attributed to the relative
affinities of the various adcorptive surfaces fox
the molecular cr the ionized foris of the acid.
353
rate of the Fungicide, 2,6-Dichloro-U-Nitroaniline
(Dcna) in Plants and Soils
Groves, K. : Chough, K.S.; Dep. Agric. Chei.,
Kashlngton State Dniv. , Fullian, Hash.
0. Agr. rood Chei. (JAFCAD) 1970, 18(6) 1127-8-
1970
DICHICRONITBOANILINES; METABOLISM; PLANTS; SOILS-
NITROAHILINES; FONGICICAI,
DICHICRODIHITROANILINES; DCNi; SUGARS; BEANS-
ROOTS; TRANSFORMATION; INCUBATION; RXTE;
DECOMPOSITION; BACTERIA
Ihe fungicide, 2,6-dichloro-4-nitroaniline (DCNA)
(I) vae absorbed by bean plant roots and
transformed into natural plant constituents
(sugars and aiino acids). After incubation of
soils with DCNA, the rate of decomposition of
CCNA in the soils into carbon dioxide and other
products increased. Pure cultures of rod-shaped
bacteria that decomposed DCNA were isolated froi
th« soils.
35U
Residue Problems in the Dse of Phosphoric Acid
Ester Insecticides in Mushroom Cultures
Graetner, P.; Rat Landvirtsch'aft. Prod.
Sahrungsguetemirtgch., Dresden, E. Ger.
lachrichtenbl. Fflanzenschutzdienst Ddr(NPDDA2)
26(12), 2K5-7; 1972
BOSHfCCN; INSECTICIDES; RISII01S; DICHLORVOS-
TINOX; BIS SEC; ESTERS
355
Foliation Caused by Agriculture
Gadding, R.
Nor Veterinaertidaskr 84 (7-8). 1972 U30-H36
AIR; SOILS; RATER; HASTES; BIOCIDES
352
Extraction of 3 Amino-1, 2, 1 Triazole (Amitrole)
and 2, 6-Dichloro-U-nitro Anilint froi Soils
Grove*, «.; Chough, U.S.; AgrLcultureal Cheiistry
Department, Washington State Oniversity, Pullman,
Wa
J Agric rood Chem 19 (5). 19*71 810-8111
DCNA; SOUS; AMITROLI; EXTRACTIOI; T8IIIOLI;
HEXA NE
The recoveries of amitorle froi ncn-sterile icil
1 and 17 days after application »ere 36.7 and
3.2* and 96.6 and 15.2* with water and a
NHDOH-glycol (5*20) mixture, respectively.
corresponding figures for sterile soil were 49.6
and 36.91 and 97.3 and 67.7*. 1 in
HCL-acetone-glycol (1 plus 1 plus 8) mixutre was
much better than hexane for the extraction ef
DCNA from soils.
56
-------
356-364
356
Volatilization of Lindane and DDT froi Soils
Guenzi, W.D.; Beard, W.E.; U.S. tept. Agric., ft.
Collins, Colo.
Ptoc. Soil Sci. Soc. XL, 3«, IU3-447; 1970
VOLATILIZATION; LINDANE; DDT; SOUS; DDE; LOAH;
SAND; CUT; PESTICIDES; IHSECTICIDES; SOIL
MOISTORE; DEGRADATION: GAHNA-PEN1ACHLOEOCYCLORIXAN
Soils of different texture (froi loaiy sand to
clay) were treated with Cacbcn 1u-labelled
insecticides (10 ppi), and their *elatilization
daring consecutive in-day drying cycles (froi 1/3
to 15 bars suction) vas determined by liquid
scintillation cf trapped pesticide vapcurs.
Neither insecticide evaporated at cither
temperature applied (30 degree and 55 degree C)
after soil loistnre decreased to less than a
•onolayer of water; the insecticides were subject
to volatilization over a longer period of tile
fro* fine-textured than froi coarse-textured
soils. After 3 cycles of wetting and drying at 55
degree C, the aiount of DDT converted to DDE
varied froi 6.7 to 21.2X; degradation cf lindane
to gamma-pentachloro-cyclohexene occurred at both
teiperatures.
357
Anaerobic Conversion of DDT to DCD and Aerobic
Stability of DDT in Soil
Guenzi, i.D.; Beard, H.I.
Soil Sci. Soc. Ai. Proc., 32(4), 522-524; 1968
ANAEROBIC; CONVERSION; DDT; CDD; ABROBIC; SCILS
358
Anaerobic Biodegradation of EOT to ODD in Soil
Guenzi, H.D.; Beard, H.E.
Science, 156(3778), 1116-1117
EIODEGRACATION; IDT; ODD; SOUS
359
Influence of Scil Treatment on Persistence cf 6
Chlorinated Hydro Carbon Insecticides in the Field
Guenzi, w.D.; Beard, ». E.; Viets, F.G. , Jr.; Os
Department of Agriculture, Scil and Hater
Conservation Research Division, northern Plains
Branch, Fort Collins, Co
Soil Sci Soc am Proc 35 (6). 1971 S10-S13
PERSISTENCE; SOILS; INSECTICIDES; CHLORINATED
HYDROCARBONS; DDT; HEPTACHLOF; LINEANE; DIIIBRIN;
ZKDRIH; ODD; 1UCIRNZ; FLOODING; JILTY CLAt 10AM;
LOAM; CLAY; HATIR
25 ppm of DDT, heptachlor, lindare, dieldrin,
endrin and ODD were added to flocded and non
flooded calcareous silty clay loai containing 0
and 0.25% chopped lucerne. The ncn flooded soil
received 2.5 ci water/week and was either
undisturbed or the top 8 cm tas lixed every 2
weeks for 22 weeks. In the non flooded soil
neither soil mixing nor lucern* affected ODD,
IDT, dieldrin and endrin concentrations. Lindane
and heptachlor concentrations decreased during
the 22 weeks and with soil lixing. In the flooded
soil lindane, heptachlor and DDT concentrations
decreased rapidly; endrin concentrations
decreased but to a lesser degree. The
concentrations of lindane, heptachlor, DDT and
en drill were decreased by lucerne addition but ODD
and dieldrin concentrations were higher in the
lucerne-treated soil than in the non-amended soil.
360
Bicrobial Degradation of Organic Pollutants of
Industrial Origin
Gunner, H. B.
D.J. Gov Res Develop Rep 71(3). 1971 40-41 PB-195
982
IIAZISOH; INSECTICIDES; INDUSTRY; DEGRADATION
361
The Distribution and Persistence of Diazinon
Applied to Plant and Soil and Its Influence on
Rhizcsphere and Soil Hicroflora
Gunner, H.B. ; Zuckerian, B.N.; Walker, R.V.;
Miller, C. 8. ; Deu.bert, K.H.; Longley, R.B.; The
Institute of Agricultural and Industrial
nicrobiology, Amherst and the Cranberry
Ixjeiiient Station, East Hareham, DA
Plant and Soil, 15(2), 249-264; 1966, October
DISTRIBUTION; FERSISIESCE ; EIAZIHON;
BHIZCSPHEBE; SOIL HICRCFLOBA; ORGANOPHOSPHORDS
INSECTICIDES; INSECTICIDES; PLANTS; SOILS
362
Symposium on Residues of Pesticides and Other
Contaiinants in the Total Environment
Gunther, F.A.
Residoe Rev.. 09, 1-151; 1973
5ESIDOES; fESTICICJS; EEVI1H
363
Be si due Reviews Vol 31
Gunther, F.A.
Residue Rev 1971 184
PESTICIDES; INSECTICIDES; POOD; FEEDS
364
Effect of Sevin and Baygon on Some Soil
Biological Process and Their Degradation by Soil
Organisms
Gupta, K.G.; Sud, B.F.; Aggarwal, J.C.
DNESCO and MHO Global Iipacts of Applied
Hicrctiology, 4th International Conference Sao
Eanlo, Brazil, July 23-28, 1973, 35 p.; Dnipub,
Inc., P.O. Box 433, New Tork, NY; 1973
PESTICIDES; SETIN; BAYGON; SCIL; DEGRADATION
57
-------
365-371
365
Studies of Aldrin and Chlordane in Silt Loa«
soils and their Possible Translocation in Field
Corn-M in Nev-York
Guteniann, K.H.; Greenwood, B.A. ; Gyrisco, S.G.;
little, R.J.
J Econ Entoaol., 65(3), 1972 £«?-£»«
INSECTICIDES; MDBIN; CHLOBDINE; SILT; LOAM;
SOILS; TRANSLOCATION; COSH
366
Pending Legislative Restrictions on the Ose of
Agricultural Cheiicals en Tobacco
Guthrie, F.E.; Sch. Agric. Life Sci., North
Caiolina State Univ., Raleigh, »C
Beitr. Tabakforsch., 7(3), 1S5-202; 1973
PESTICIDES; RESIDUES; TOBACCO; BEVIES;
INSECTICIDES; REGULATION
366
Adsorption and Elution Behavior cf Plant
Protective Agents in Soils
Guth, J.A.; Civ. Agrarchei. , Ciba-Geigj A.-G.,
Basel, Svitz.
Schriftenr. Ver. Wasser-, Boden-, lufthyg.,
Berlin-Dahlei(Svwlae) 1972, No. 51, 1«3-5I»; 1972
HEBBICIDES; ADSORPTION; I10TION; SCHS;
INSECTICIDES; PESTICIDES; PLANTS; RETENTION;
LEACHING; CHLORBBOIUJHCN; CHlOFTOtOBON; DIORON;
FLOOMETUFON; HETOBROMORON; HCNORCN; AHETFYNI;
ATRAZINE; FROHETRYNE; TERBOTRINE; HETHIDATHICN;
PENETRATION; ADSORPTION
The retention and leaching behavior of
chlorbroauron, chlortoluron, diuron, fluoietron,
•etobrciuron, icnuron, aietrjne, atrazine.
prometryne, tetbutryne, •ethidathicn, and
GS-13006 (S- (2-«ethoxy- 5-oxo -
tguared-1,3.i|-thiadiazoline-i)-Yl
•ethyl)-0.0-diethyl dit hiophcsphatc) indifferent
soil types Here studied. The herbicides vere
placed on 30-ci soil coluins which vere then
«atered to correspond to 200 •• cf rain in 48
hours. The compounds penetrated to depths of 8*21
cm, 8-28 c», tt-18 c«, and 2-10 ci in fcur soil
types. Penetration vas lowest in the sell with
the highest clay content. The logarithm of the
depth of penetration vas inversely proportional
to the soil huBUE content. The depth of
penetration vas also inversely proportional to
the adsorption constant of the pesticide. The
depth of penetration exceeded 30 ci only foi
pesticides vith adsorption constants less than
unity.
367
Dissipation of Orea Herbicides in Soil
Guth, J.A.; Geissbuhler, H. ; Ebntfr. I.; Agrochei.
Div., CIBA, Basle, Svifzerland
Heded. Rijksfac. LandbWet. Gent.. 3U, 1027-1037;
1969
HEBBICIDES; SOILS; DISSIPATION; I1DOBETOFON;
COTORAN; METOBBOMDBON; PATORAN; CHLORBBOMORON;
HALORAN; CROPS
Dissipation curves of the urea herbicides
fluoieturon (cotoran), ««tobroiurCB (Patoran) and
chlorbroiuron (Haloran) in the 0-5 c« layer of
different soils are presented and the differences
in behaviour are discussed. Although the
con pounds vere applied at tvice the no rial rate,
dissipation rates vere sufficiently high to
prevent effective residual action for subsequent
crops.
3€«
Accumulation circulation and Persistence of
Herbicides in the Environment
Gzhegctskii, K.I.; Morcz, A.N.
Gig Sanit. , 35(5), 79-63; 1970
1CCOB01ATION; PERSISTENCE; HERBICIDES: REVIEW-
PLANTS
370
Hove»«nt of Pesticides by Bunoff and Erosion
Haan, C.T. ; Agric. Eng. Dep., Dniv. Kentucky,
Lexington. Ky.
Trans. Asae (A«er. Soc. Agr. Eng.) (TAAEAJ) 1971
1«(3) 1145-7,1149; 1971
INSECTICIDES; WATER; RONOFF; EROSION; DDT-
1LCRIN; DIELDRIN; MOVEHENT; PESTICIDES
lith a nonal pesticide application rate
equivalent to 1.5 Ib/acre, the concentrations of
Aldrin, Dieldrin, and IDT in eroded laury silt
loai soil vere 10-30 pp* while those in the
runoff vater were only 1-70 ppb. The sediient
carried lore than tvice as such insecticide fro«
the controlled field plots as did the vater.
Applying these insecticides to the soil surface
shortly before a rainfall produces no lore
potential for insecticides in the runoff vater
and eroded soil than applying the insecticides
several days before a rainfall.
371
Occurrence and Persistence of Piclorai in
Grassland Vater Sources
Haas, R.H. ; Scifres, C.J.; Nerkle, B.C.; Hahn
F.F.; Hoffian, G.O.
•eed Res 11 (1). 1971 *«-62
HERBICIDES; GAS CHBOMA10GRAPHT; RAINFALL; RONOFF•
CCCOBE1NCE; PERSISTENCE; PICLORAH; GRASSLAND- '
SATEB
58
-------
372-377
372
Detailed characterization of soil and Vegetation
on Selected Sites to Serve as Basis fot Future
Evaluation of Effect of Radioactive Contamination
Haghiri, F.; Ohio Agricultural Research and
Development Center, Rooster
Technical Progress Report, March 1,
1969--November 26, 1969, 73 p.; 1969
AGRICULTURE; SOILS; VARIATIOKS; STBONTItJH 90;
CHOPS; ABDHDANCI; TESAC; BEBZAC; tEIFLCBiLIM;
CIPC; PYRAHIN; DIQUAT; ACSORITIOH; PH; YTTBIOB
90; CLAY; LEACFATE; RUNOFF; UPTAKE; GRAVEL HOLCH;
MULCH; WHEAT; CORN; GRASS; LIHISG; HOVINEMT;
ROTATION; REMOVAL; COWNWARD BOVEHEHT;
DISTRIBUTION; SINTER WHEAT; STRAIN; CHAFF;
GRAINS; COH» FODBEB; PABAQBM; SIHCHTICB ION;
DISPLACEMENT: BORON; HETHYLATION; FA1TI ACIDS;
HICFO-PLOTS; ELECTRO DIALYZED; FRACTIOBATION;
INFBARBD ANALYSIS; GAS CHROHJTOGBAEHY; SOYBEAN;
RADIOACTIVITY; VEGETATION BOCK ACIDITY;
PESTICIDES; TRANSPORT; CALCIOH OIIDES; LINE;
HERBICIDES; ABSORPTION; LEACEING; LOSS;
HETABOLISB; PLANTS; WATER; RETEHTICN
The loveient of Sr 90 in the soil profile and the
removal of Sr 90 by runoff, leachate, and plants
uptake as influenced by soil and crop lanageient
practices are presented. Over a 7 year period,
the net rate of Sr 90 loss from 0 to K inch depth
by various processes was maximum under gravel
•ulch and minimum under permanent grass cropping
systems. The distribution of Sr 90 in the top 12
inches of soil profile was influenced hy cropping
system and lining. The concentration cf Sr 90 at
3 to 12 inch depth under gravel mulch Das
approximately 10 times higher than permanent
grass system. The application of high rates cf
lime reduced the downward movement of Sr 90. Ihe
percent of the initial application of Sr 90
removed by runoff decreased while its loss by
leachate increased during the 7 year period. The
distribution of Sr 90 in various part cf the
winter wheat plant during 1968 tc 1969 was 65* in
straw, 27* in chaff, and 8* in grain. The
distribution of Sr 90 in corn fodder was 99*
while in shelled corn it was 1* of the total Sr
90 taken up by the cocn plant. The total percent
Sr 90 removed by runoff, leachate, and plant
uptake after a 7 year period was 16,»07, 13,655,
12,481, 10,828, and 9,231 for gravel mulch,
rotation a (low lime), continuous corn, rotation
b (high line) , and permanent grass respectively.
The effects of various rates of fenac, benzac,
trifluralin. CIPC, Pyramin, and diguat herbicides
on the absorption of Sr 90 by soil were studied.
Among these herbicides, diguat was the lost
effect in releasing from scil or reducing the
adsorption of Sr 90 by soil. Its effect vas tore
pronounced under low than high pH soil. High
rates of lime had a depressing effect en the
removal of Sr 90-Y 90 by leaching with water in
the presence of paraquat herticide. Paraguat
appears to be most effective in replacing
strontium ion in acid soils «ith low clay and low
organic matter contents. The two soils (Duntar
and lynchburg) , furnished by the DSDA, were
treated with sr*+ and the retention of Sr»+ vas
compared to other soils. The curves fcr the
adsorption and displacement cf Sr 90 was similar
to the soils used in previous experiments and
reported in earlier reports. The
non-displaceable Sr was approximately 30K of the
total adsorbed. Soil samplet were analyzed for
boron content after the samples were methylated
at various rates of BF3-HeOH. The boron content
of the samples increased with increasing rates cf
BF3. Therefore, methylation cf scil organic
matter with the BF3 method is of a limited value
in soil's work. It would be of value in scil
organic matter fractions that contain compounds
that are not reactive with BF3, for example fatty
acids. The sample of runoff water from
•icrc-plots was electrcdialyzed and Sr 90 was
detected in the anode chamber. The sample is
being fractionated for IR and gas chromatographic
analyses. The distribution of Sr 90 from soybean
and corn tissue in soil columns was determined.
The least movement was in the muck soil column
and the most movement in the Wooster soil column.
There were no conclusive differences between the
tissues. (Auth)
373
Runoff and Soil Losses on Hagerstown Silty Clay
loam Effect of Herbicide Treatment
Hall, J.K. ; Pavlus, B.
J. Scil later Conserv., 28(2), 73-76; 1973
CORN; OATS; ATRAZINE; HERBICIDES; RESIDUES; CLAY;
SILT; RUNOFF; LOAH; SOILS
37U
losses of Atrazine in Runoff Water and Soil
Sediment
Hall, J.K. ; Fawlus, H.; Biggins, E.R.
J Environ Qual 1 (2). 1972 172-176
JEA-HAYS; CATS; HERBICIDES; SOILS; SEDIMENTS;
ATRA7IME; KUSOF?
375
Diffusion and volatilization
Ramaker, J.W.; AG-Org. Dept., Dow Chem. Co.,
tialnut Creek, Calif.
Crg. Chem. Soil Environ. (26DJAE), 1, 3ft1-97; 1972
REVIEW; DIFFUSION; VOLATILIZATION; SOILS; POROUS
BEEIDB; INSECTICIDES; FESTICIDES; HERBICIDES
37£
Decomposition, Quantitative Aspects
Hamaker, J.S.; Ag-Org. Dep., Dow. Chem. Co.,
Walnut creek, Calif.
Org. Chem. Soil Environ. (26DJAE) 1972, 1,
253-310; 1972
REVIEW; SOILS; PESTICIDES; DEGRADATION;
INSECTICIDES; HERBICIDES; DECOBPOSITION
371
Adsorption
Hamaker, J.V.; Thomposon, J.H.
Fart of Goring, C.t.; Hamaker, J.w. (Eds.),
Organic Chemicals in the Soil Environment, Vol.
1, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, NY, (p. U9-U3)
UttO p.; 1972
ACSOfEIICN: SOILS
59
-------
378-383
378
Degradation of 3,5-Dinitro-O Cresol by SHIZOEIOH
and AZOTOBACTER-5PP
Handi, Y.A. ; Tewfik, M.S.; liinist. Agric. , Orman,
Giza, O.A.R.
Soil Biol Bioche» 2 (3). 1970 163-166; 1970
CHROHATOGRAPHY; EEGR ADATIOH; CRESOL; 3 ,5-DI
HITRO-0 CERSOL; HERBICIDES
Degradation of the herbicide ty 31 RHIZOBIDH
strains and 5 AZCTOBACTER strains varied fro*
slight to almost complete. A •ajcr degradation
product produced by R. LEGDBINOSABOH strain 325
•as identified chroaatographically as
3-a«ino-5-nitro-o-cresol, 2 ether crodtcts were
detected in 3 days, and 2 lore in 7 days.
379
The Breakdown cf Triflaralin by Soil
nicro-Organisas
Haidi, V.A.; Zahran, H.K.; TenfiV, H.S.; 0.1.B.
Dep. Agric.
PAHS, 15, 589-592; 1969
TRIFLORALIN; COTTON; SOILS; DECOMPOSITION;
HERBICIDES; GLDIAHATE; LACTATE; ACETATE; TEASTS;
PH; DEGRADATION; BREAKDOWN; BICRCOBGAKISNS
A bacterial stiain, isolated froi
trifluralin-treated cotton soil |1 litre/feddan)
on 2-ionth incubation, was capable of decomposing
the herbicide in the presence of glutaiate,
lactate, acetate and yeast extract (sailim
decoiposition at pR 7.1); in a 0.01* triflnralin
•ediuB, 95% of the coipound DBS degraded within
21 days, whereas none was degraded at a
concentration cf 0.05V
380
Problems of Persistence of Insecticide Residues
in soil
Haaeed, S.T.
Pesticides (BOHBAT) 5(6), 21-22; 1S71
TRANSLOCATION; PERSISTENCE; IHSECTICIDE; RESIDUE;
SOILS
362
Persistence of Herbicides in Fallow Desert
Cropland
Haiiltcn, K.C.; Arle, B.P. ; Arizona Agricultural
!iteti»«ntal Station, Tucson, Arizona
weed Sci 20 (6). 1972 573-576; 1972
TEIFIDRA1III; PRCBETRTNI; ATRAZINE; DIOROM;
FEBSISTBSCE; HESBICICES; DESERT; CROPLAND; CROPS-
SOILS; DISKING; SUGAR EEETS; RESIDDES; SORGHON
Tour herbicides were applied at 6-ionth
intervals, and incorporated by disking, to desert
cropland soils at two locations. Trifluralin
(alpha, alp ha, alpha -trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipro
jyl-p-toluidine) was applied at 0.9 kg/ha; and
2,a-bis(isopropyla«ino)-6- dethylthio) -s-triazine
(proietryne) , 2-chloro-U-(ethylaiino)-6- (isopropyl
a«ino)-s triazine (atrazine), and
3- (3,1-dichlorophenyl)-1, 1-diiethylurea (diuron)
were applied at 1.8 kg/ha. Following treatment
the sells regained fallow without irrigation for
24, IE, 12, 6, or 0 tenths before planting eight
crops, sugarbeet (BETA VOLGARIS L.) growth was
affected 2V lonths after applications of
trifluralin. Growth of two or three crops at each
location was affected 18 lonths after application
cf picietryne. Residues of atrazine and diuron
usually caused greater injury to tost crops than
did prcietryne cr trifluralin. Six tenths after
the first planting, four additional crops were
planted. In plots planted 30 aonths after
treatment diuron reduced sorghui (SORGHDH BICOLOR
(I.) Hoench) stands by 7OX and reduced fresh
weights of three crops at iesa. Triflaralin
reduced fresh weight of sorghui by 80S at yuian.
Crcps responded differently to herbicide residues
at the two locations. Injury to crops was lost
severe at iesa despite higher rainfall during the
fallow period at this location.
363
Th« Environment and Herbicide Performance
Raiierton, J.I.
Fart of Bawden, F. (President), Proceedings of
the 9th British Reed Centrol conference held HOY.
18-21, 1968 at Brighton, England, Syiposiui, Vol.
1,2,3 (p. 1088-1110) 1368 p.; 1968
sons,- LIGHT; HERBICIDES
381
Fate and Effects of Pesticides in Aquatic
Environments
Haielink, J.; Dep. For. Cone«rv. , Purdue oniv.,
Lafayette, Indiana
Hazardous Chea. Handl. Dispoial, Eroc. Sy»p.,
2nd(2aiQac) 1971, 19-28; 1971
REYIEH; PESTICIDES; WATER; PATE;
ECOSTSTEHS; DISTSIBOTION; EICHANGI EQOILIBRIOII
A review with 34 references on physics. Factors,
such as the existance of exctangc equilibria*,
which controls the distribution cf pesticides in
aquatic environments.
60
-------
384-389
38U
Model Teats Hade With a View to Determining the
Bate of Decomposition of the Herbicide
Peroxiiphai in the Soil in the Presence of
Herbicide Secondary Components
Ramroll, B. ; Juiar, A.; Forschungszent.
Pflanzenschutz-schaedlingsbefcaeipfungsm., Teb
Paul berg-List, Magdeburg, East Germany
Chei. Tech. (Leipzig) (CHTBiA) 1973, 25(7) 423-4;
1973
EJtOXIHPHAH; CE6HADATION; SOUS; HERBICIDES;
STRERGISH; GAS CflRONATOGRlPHT; HOBOS;
CHLORPROPHAM; DIUHOR; LEBACIL; FEROROR ; IODEI;
EECOHPOSITIOK; BATE
The degradation cf proxiiphai in a hums
(2.7*) -enriched soil sample «as studied by gas
chroiatography. The licrobial degradation of
proxiiphai when added to the soil in combination
with another herbicide such as chlorprophai,
diuron, lenacil, or fenuron was decreased as
compared Kith the decoiposition tate of
proxiiphai when used alone, then using
combinations of proxiiphai plus ancthei herbicide
the duration of action of prcxiiphai was
prolonged ae compared with that observed with
proxiiphai alone. The half-life cf proiiiphai,
alone, was 8.9 days, but was increased to IS,
14.3, 13.0, and 12.5 days when coibined with
diuron, chlorprophai, lenacil, and fennron.
respective!;.
381
Some aspects of Triallate Volatility
Hance, R.J.; Rolroyd, 0.; NcKone, C.E.; Great
Eritain Dept. of Education and Science,
Agricultural Research Council, Reed Research
Organization, Begbroke Rill, Sandy Ln., Tarnton,
Oxford, 0x5 Iff, Eng.
Pestic Sci 4(1). 1973 13-17; 1973
BZBBICIDES; HATER; GRARDLES; SOILS; EBDLSIOR;
TBIA11ATE; SATER; VOLATILITY; PERSISTERCB;
CAfBABATES
The volatility of triallate
(S-2,3-3trichloroallyl R,R-diisopropylthiolcarba»a
te) frci different fcnulaticns when lixed with 2
soils containing water at 2%, 6(, and field
capacity was estiiated in the laboratory.
Volatility increased with increasing water
content in each case. It was generally highest
frci an eaulsifiable concentrate and lowest froa
a granule foriulation with that froi unformlated
tirallate intermediate} in a greenhouse
experiment, rates of loss of triallate froi a dry
sell were similar for both eiulsifiable
concentrate and granule formulations, but froi a
wet soil and an aluminum foil dish losses were
much greater from the emulsifiable concentrate.
The persistence of triallate froi granules
applied in the field was virtually the saie for
granules containing 2.5*, 5*. or 10% active
ingredient.
385
Effect of Rutrients on the Decomposition of the
Herbicides Atrazine and Linucon Incubated with
Soil
Hance, R.O.; Reek Res. Organization, Agricultural
Research Council, Begtrofce Hill/Yarntot/oxford,
England
Pestic. Sci. (PSSCBG) , 4(6), 817-822; 1973
ATRAZIRE; LIROROR; SOILS; DEGRADATION;
DECOHPOSITIOB; ROTBIERTS
386
coiplex Formation as an Adsorpticn Mechanism fci
Linuron and Atrazine
Hance, R.J.
Heed Res 11 (2-3). 1971 106-110.
HERBICIDES; ADSORPTION; LKDEOH; ATBAZIRE
388 .
Adsorption of Isocil aid Broiacil froi Aqueous
Solution Onto Some Mineral Surfaces
Hague, B.; coshow, R.F.
Environ Sci Technol 5 (2). 1971 139-141
ADSORPTION; ISOCI1; BROHACIL; HERBICIDES
389
Aqueous Solubility, Adsorption, and Vapor
Behavior of Folychlorinated Eiphenyl Aroclor 1251
Hague, R.; Schiedding, D.W.; Freed, V.H.;
tepartaent of Agricultural Chemistry and
Environmental Health Sciences Center, Oregon
State University. Corvallis, OR 97331
Environmental Science G Technology, 6(2),
139-142; 1974, February
ADSORETIOI; VAPOB; POLTCHLOBIRATED BIPHEaYL
ARCC1CB 1254; PCS; SATIS; AHOCLOR 1254; SARD;
SOILS; ABOCLOS; CHLOBIRE; ISOHERS
The water solubility, adsorption from agueous
Eolution, and the vapor behavior of the
polychlorinated biphenyl Arcclor 1254 have been
determined. The agueous solubility of Aroclor
12!4 has been found to be approximately 56 ppb.
The eitent of adsorption of the PCB's is highly
dependent on the nature of the adsorbent. Del
Ronte sand adsorbs very little as compared to a
Rocdturn soil. The vapor loss of Aroclor is
significant froi the sand but negligible from the
soil. The vapor less increases with increasing
temperature. In general, the isomers containing
fewer chlorine atoms show greater loss as
compared to other isomers having more chlorine
atcis.
61
-------
390-396
390
The Loss of Alachlor fros soil
Hargrove, R.S.; Herkle, H.G.; Department cf Soil
and Crop Science. Texas ASH University, Cclleg*
Station, Texas 778K3
Weed Sci 19 (6). 1971 652-65U; 1S71
HERBICIDES; TEHEERATOHE; HffHIDITY; GAS
CHROHATOGRAPHY; SOILS; ALACHI08; SAHDT LOAN;
LOIR; DECOMFOSITION; CLOSES SYSTIH
In a closed system at 22 degrees C there was
little decomposition cf alachlor added to a fine
sandy loam. At 38 degrees and 16 digrees C,
decomposition of alachlor into
2-chloro-2,'6'-diethylacetanilide was minimal at
31V and 79V relative humidity and Has maximal at
OX relative humidity.
pirimiphos-me (0-(2-diethylaiino-6-methyl-U-pyrimi
dinyl) o,o-dimethyl FhosPhorothioate) ,
pirimicbos-et (0- (2- (diethylamino) -6-methyl-U-pyri
•idinyl) o,o-diethyl phosphorothioate), Bux
insecticide mixture, and Bay 92111, warranted
further evaluation under field conditions. Host
of the experimental compounds were effective
tread-spectrum contact insecticides when tested
against species of insects representing 5 common
orders, but none shoved as broad a spectrum of
activity as carbofuran. Thirteen of the 19 shoved
fair to good activity in soil, and of these, 7
were cf li*ited persistence, 4 moderately
residua]., and 2 highly residual. The direct
contact-toxicity, biological activity in moist
and air-dry mineral soil and loist »uclt soil, the
initial fuiigant activity, and the persistence of
tielcgical activity over US weeks were determined
for these compounds.
391
Agricultural Research Impact on Environment
Hargrove. T.R.
Iowa Agric. Rose Econ. Exp. Stn. Spec. Hep. 69,
7-8
-------
397-402
397
Insecticide Pollution and Soil Organises
Harris, C.B.; Res. Inst., Canada Cept. Agr.,
London, Ontario, Canada
Proc. Entomol. Soc. Ont., 100, 1U-29; 1969
ALDRIH; HEPTACHLOR; DEGRADATION; CHGAHOCHLORINES;
ORGAHOPHOSPHATES; HICBOORGAHISHS ; CHlOfDANI;
PHORATE; CARBABTL; ARTHROPOD; ABSORPTION; CROPS;
SOILS; INSECTICIDES! ZARTHWOSHS; PERSISTENCE
A number of materials being developed for insect
control are as persistent cr more persistent than
materials like aldrln and heptactilcr which hare
been banned because of their rather slcv rate cf
degradation. In addition, the rates at which
such new compounds lust be applied are often
greater than those used previously for the
organochlorines. in laboratory studies,
representative crganochlorines and
organophosphates have had little effect on scil
microorganisms, but soil microorganisms have been
shown to be important in the process of
degradation of these chemicals. Although many
pesticides have little impact on earthworm
populations, chlordane, phorate, and carbaryl,
which are commonly being substituted fcr banned
organochlorines, have a toxic effect on these
animals. Organochlorines have urfavorably
altered arthropod populations and resistance to
these chemicals has been observed. Although no
resistance to the organophosphates has developed
in Canada, it is expected that the use of more
persistent members of this group will result in
more rapid development of resistance. Absorption
of residues by crops used for animal feed has
been considered a problem while crcps used for
human consumption do not absorbed hazardous
levels of residues.
398
Influence of Temperature on the Eiological
Activity of Insecticides in Soil
Harris, C.R.
J Econ Bntomol 6« (5). 1971 10«U-10«9
ALDRIN; HEPTACHLOR; DDT; DIAZINOD; DURSBUN;
HETHOHTL; SOILS; INSECTICIDES
399
factors Influencing the Effectiveness of Soil
Insecticides
Harris, C.E.; Fes. Inst., Canada Dep. Agric.,
london, Ont.
Annu. Rev. Entomol. (AREHAA). 17, 11, () 177-98;
1972
REVIEW; SOUS; INSECTICIDES; IHSZCTS; CtlNAT!
A review with 108 references on factors
influencing the effectiveness cf scil
insecticides, such as nature of the insecticide
and of the soil, climatic factors and the
susceptibility of the insects.
BOO
Factors Affecting the Volatilization of
Insecticidal Residues fro Soils
Harris, C. R. ; Lichtenstein, E.P.
0. Eccn. Entomol., 5U, 1038-10K5; 1961
VCIATI11ZATICN; RESIEOES; SOILS; INSECTICIDES
001
Behavior of Dieldrin in Soil. Hicroplot Field
Studies on the Influence of Soil Type on
Eiological Activity and Absorption by Carrots
Harris, C. R. ; Sans, ».»,; Res. Inst., Canada Dep.
Agric., London, Ont.
0. Econ. Entonol. (JEIHAI) 1972, 65(2) 333-5; 1972
DIELDBIN; SOILS; ORGANOCHLORINE INSECTICIDES;
INSECTICIDES; PERSISTENCE; HOVEHEKT-, TRANSPORT;
PLANTS; SOIL HICROPLOT; ABSORPTION; CARROTS
As shown in field experiments, carried out by
adding 2 ppm dieldrin to 5 types of soil, the
persistence, vertical icvement, insecticidal
activity and absorption by carrots of dieldrln
was proportional to the organic content of the
soil, and not to the dieldrin concentration the
insecticidal activity was tested on 21- to
"8-hr-old nymphs of GRTLLOS PENNSYLVANICOS
(cricket).
«02
Behavior of Heptachlor Epoxide in Soil
Harris, C.R.; Sans, 8.S.; Res. Inst., Canada Dep.
Agric., London, Ont.
0. Eccn. Entomol. (JEINAI) 1972, 65(2) 336-U1; 1972
HEFTACHLOR; EPOXIDE; SOILS; OSGANOCHLOBINE
INSECTICIDES; INSECTICIDES; CONTACT POISON;
HEJTACHLOR EPOIIDE; CRICKETS; PLIES;
VAIOFIIATICN; INSECTS; COTHORHS; PERSISTENCE;
IIILDRIN; SOIL HICROPLOT; CARROTS
Beptachlor epoxide had a higher insecticidal
activity than heptachlcr as a contact poison, in
the laboratory, but was less effective than
heptachlor in the soil. The compounds were
tested against 2U-to «8-hr-old GRYLLOS
CE(NSUVANIC(JS (cricket) , against adult
picture-winged flies (CHAETOPSIS DEBILIS) and
against 3rd-stage larvae of black cutworm
(AGRCTIS IFSILON) . In soil heptachlor epoxide
vaporized to an extent sufficient to cause
fuiigant toxicity to insects. The toxicity of
heptachlcr epoxide in moist soil was negatively
correlated with organic content. In mineral soil
heptachlor epoxide was more persistent than
heptachlor, but was slightly less persistent than
dieldrin. Hicroplot field trials with 3 types of
soil treated with 2 ppm heptachlor epoxide
indicated that the insecticidal activity, the
absorption by the carrct and the mobility in soil
of heptachlor epoxide were proportional to the
organic content of the soil rather than the
insecticide concentrations.
63
-------
403-408
1403
Insecticide Residues in Soils on 16 Fans in
Southwestern Ontario-1961, 1566, and 1969
Harris. C.R.; sans, W.W.; Res. Ir.st., Canada Dep.
Agric., London, Ontario, Canada
Pestic. Honit. J.(PEHJAA), 5(3), 259-61; 1971
INSECTICIDES; RESIDUES; SOILS; HEPIACHLOR;
HEPTACHLOR EPOXIEE; GAHSA-CHtORDAKE; AIDERIN;
IIELDRIN; ENDRIN; DET; DDE; tDD; IARH; ORCHARDS;
VEGETABLES; TOBACCO; TIBLD CROPS;
CRGANOCHLORIHEINSECTICIDES; OBGANOEHOROS
INSECTICIDES
The concentration of organochlor ice insecticide
residues in soils on 16 ontatio fans depended or
the type of culture, and was in the decreasing
order: orchard, vegetable, tobaccc, and field
crop. The highest levels were heptachlor 0.1,
heptachlor epoxide 0.21, gaifa -chlordane 0.63,
aldrin 2.13, dieldrin 3.33, tndrin 6.55, DDT
97.7, DDE 12.65, and ODD 3.3 ppl.
organophosphorus insecticides vere also present
in scie of the sells.
«04
Exploratory Studies on Occurrence of
Organochlorine Insecticide Residues in
Agricultural soils in Southwestern Ontario
Harris, C.R.; Sans, W.B.; Miles, J.E.
J. Agr. Food Chel., 1«(0), 398-403; 1966
IMSECTICIDES;S; ORGASOCHLORINE IHSECIICIDE
RESIDUES; SOILS
005
Insecticides and the Soil Environment
Harris, C.R.; Thompson, A.R.; Tu, C.H. ; Res.
Inst., Canada D«p. Agric., leaden. Ontario, Canada
Proc. Entomol. Soc. Ont. (PESOAL) 1972, 102,
156-68; 19711
RE¥IEw; DASANIT; SOUS; DEGRADATION; PIRSISTINCI;
DASAHIT SOLFOKE; ABSORPTION; A HI PA IS;
BICRCORGAHISHS
A review with 10 reference* costly the anther'c
own work-, on the persistence and degradation of
dasanit in soils, factors affecting th<
insecticide activity of dasanit and daianit
sulfone in soil, absorption of dasanit and
dasanit sulfon« residues by plant*, and effects
of dasanit and dasanit solfone on nontarget soil
animals and micrcorganisms.
«06
Watershed Studies of Agricultural Pollution
Harrold, L. L.; Edwards, W.H.
Ohio Rept. Res. Develop., 55(8), 85-6; 1970
SOILS; ADSORPTION; AIB; WATER; NATIRSHIDS; STOBB
BONOFF; CIELDRIN; RDNOFF; WAlERFlOt;
TOLATILItATION; EROSION.; HOVBBBBT; PESTICIDES;
ROOT SISTER; PERCOLATION; BETBOX1CBLOB;
5TREA»FLO»: IASIZS; RUNOFF; TRANSPORT; 2,1,5-T;
ADSORPTION
Long-term research on pemticidal collation of
air, water and soil has been undertaken at the
North Appalachian Experimental watershed,
Cochoeton County, Ohio, by the 0.5. Department of
Agriculture and the Ohio Agricultural Research
and Development Center, Hooster, Ohio.
freliminary findings are reported in this paper.
Pesticide concentrations in storm runoff are
being monitored at the outlet of a 1.69-acre
cornfield watershed. In the preliminary work,
dieldrin at 5 Ib/acre was disked 3 inches deep
into this field. In one instance, when storm
runoff occurred 12 days after application, 19.a
ppt of dieldrin was found in the runoff water. By
the 20th day, the dieldrin concentration had
dropped to 7 ppb; by the eighth month, it vas
less than 3 ppb. Curing this time, 2300 ng. or
0.063K, of the applied dieldrin was lost in
runoff water. In a case where the first runoff
cccuried 55 days after application, 3 ppb was
found in the waterflow. After 12 months, 289 mg,
or 0.005%, of the applied dieldrin had been lost
in runcff. Air pollution resulting from the
surface application of dieldrin was also
investigated in this field. The preliminary
results showed that volatilization and aerial
transport accounted for more dieldrin loss than
surface runoff and erosion. The movement of
pesticides into subsurface waters is being
investigated in 8-ft-deep,, grass-covered
lysimeters with surface areas of 0.002 acre.
Methoxychlor at 20 Ib/acre and 2,ttrS-T at 10
Ib/acre were applied tc the surface. Surface
runoff and water that had percolated at least 6
feet below the grass root system were analyzed
foz residues. During the 14 months after
application, only a trace of 2,4,5-T and no
•ethoxychlor were found in the percolated water.
Si* tenths after treatment, the 2,t,5-T in
surface runoff had been reduced from 300 to 3
ppt. Methoxychlor in runoff ranged from 9 to less
than 1 ppb; it did not decrease systematically
during the first year after application. The
movement of pesticides in streamflow is also
being monitored at a gage that measures discharge
frc* 303 acres of mixed cropland, some fields of
which are treated with dieldrin. Because dieldrin
is quickly adsorbed on soil particles, erosion is
ancther source of pesticidal pollution that is
being studied. The research includes pollution
frcm tarnyard wastes and crop nutrients whose
preliminary findings are also reported.
HOT
Herbicide Behavior in the Soil. 1. Physical
Factors and Action Through the Soil
Hartley, G.s.
Part of Audus, L.J. (Id.), The Physiology and
Biochemistry of Herbicides, Academic Press,
londoo and Hew York, (p. 111-161): 1964
HERBICIDES; SOILS; BIOCHIHISTRT; NOTEHENT
HOB
Evaporation of Pesticides
Bartlty, G.S.
Part cf Gould, R.F. (Ed.), Pormnaltione Research,
Physical and colloidal chemical Aspects, Ad*.
Chem. Series. 66, 115-134; 1969
EVAPOBATION; PESTICIDES
64
-------
409-414
40 S
Decomposition of Nethomyl In Soil
Harvey, J.J.; Cease, H.L.; Biochem. Dap., E. I.
Da Font De Neiours And Co., Inc., Wilmington, Del.
J, Agr, Pood Che«. (Jafcau) 1573, 21(5) 781-6; 1973
METHOHYL; SOILS; INSECTICIDES; HONOPF; WATER;
CARBON 14; DEGRADATION; T01AIILIZATIOH; RESIDUES;
BREAKDOWN; TRACER; MOVEMENT
Laboratory studies of soils treated with
(Carbon 10) methomyl shov that methciyl degrades
rapidly to (Carbon14) carbon dioxide as the end
product. Dnder field conditions in Delavare only
1.8* of the applied (Carbon 11) methomyl remained
intact in the soil after one month exposure,
while 70.7* of the applied radioactivity had been
lost from the soil by volatilization, presumably
as (Carbon 14) carbon dioxide based on the
laboratory studies The stall aioonts of residual
radioactive compounds which could be extracted
fro* this soil consisted of methcmyl, s-methyl
n-hydroxythioacetimidate, and traces of a mixture
of very polar compoands. (lethomy 1 and its
hydrolysis product had completely disappeared
from treated soil after one year. Similar results
were obtained in Florida and Horth Carolina. To
account for the small, unextractakle balance of
c14 activity, evidence is presented for
reincorporation cf Carbonltt into normal
components,of the soil organic matter following
breakdown of (CarbonKI) methomyl into 14C02 cr
other small fragments. A runoff study with
nonradiolabeled methomyl under farm use conditcns
show that methomyl does not move laterally into
untreated areas with runoff water.
U11
Soil Adsorption and Volatility of DiNitro Aniline
Herbicides
Rarve], H. G.
Seed Sci., 22(2), 120-124; 1974
ANILINS BE HE PIN; CHLOBNIDIHE; DIHTTRAMINE;
nUCHlOHALIHI; NIT8ALIS; ISOEROPALIN; ORYZillH;
TRIFIDBALIN; HEEDS; SOILS; ADSORPTION;
VOLATILIZATION;; HERBICIDES
412
Interactions Between Organophosphorus Compounds
and Soil Materials. Part 1. Adsorption of
Ithyliethylphosphonofluoridate by Clay and
Organic natter Preparations and by Soils
Hayes, N.R.; Lundie, P.R.; stacey, R.; The
University, Birmingham, Ok
Pestic Sci 3 (5). 1972 (Seed 1973) 619-629
BCSTHCRILLOHITE; KAOLINITE; PESTICIDES; SOILS;
CLAT; ORGANOPHOSPHATES: ADSORPTION;
EHCSFHOHOFLOORIIUTE; ORGANIC MATTER
The phosphonofluoridate was absorbed from the
vapour phase onto the dry clay preparation by
physical-chemical forces but was not adsorbed by
the organic soil materials. Hater competed
effectively with the phosphonfluoridate for
adsorption sites and it is concluded that this
molecule would be most effectively retained by
dry soils with low organic matter contents and
high clay contents.
410
Influence of Cropping and Activated Carbon on
Persistance of Atrazine in Sand
Harvey, R.G.; tep. Agron., Univ. Wisconsin,
Madison, Vis.
Weed Sci.(WEESA6) 1973, 21(3) 204-6; 1973
ATRAZISE; ACTIVATED CARBON; CORN; HERBICIDES;
PERSISTENCE; SOUS; CATS; CRCFS; SAME; RESIDOES
The persistence of 2-chloro-4-(ethylamino(-6- (isop
ropy la »i no) -s -s-triazine (atrazine) residues
under greenhouse conditions was affected by
levels of activated carbon added to a silica sand
potting medium and by up to four consecutive
corps of corn (ZEA NAYS L.). Degradation of
atrazine within the sand and remcval by the corn
crops were both reduced by activated carbon.
Atrazine removal by successive crccs of corn
reduced injury to oat seedlings grewn en the sand
alone, and absorption by 1.2 g of carbon per
kilogram of sand prevented oat itjury both with
and without cropping. Although 0.4 g/kg of
activated carbon inhibited atrazine removal by
corn, oat seedlings were not prottcted from the
residues regaining. When exposed to alternate
freezing and thawing, the ability cf 0.1 g/ltg ef
activated carbon to deactivate atrazinc was
reduced causing increased oat injury.
413
Application of Hicrocalorimetry to the study of
Interactions Between Organic Chemicals and Soil
Constitutents
Hayes, H.H.; Pick, H.E.; Toms, B.A.; Dep. Che».,
Univ. Birmingham, Edgbaston/Eirmingham, Engl.
Sci. tools (SCTCAB) 19 (1) 9-12; 1972
CA10RIBETRT; HERBICIDES; SOILS; ADSORPTION;
CICUAT; PARAQdAT; CLAY; SICROCILORINETRY; ORGANIC
CHINICALS
Application of Hicrocalorimetry to the Study of
Interactions Between Organic chemicals and Soil
Constituents
Hayes, H.H.; Pick, H.E.; Toms, B.A.; Dep. Chem.,
Oniv. Birmingham, Edgbaston/Bimingham, Engl.
Sci. Tools (SCTOAB) 1972, 19(1) 9-12; 1972
CAIOEIHETRY; HERBICIDES; SOILS; ADSORPTION;
DIQDAT; PARAQUAT; CLAY; ORGANIC CHEMICALS
65
-------
415-418
Recovery ot Pesticide Residue* ttom Chernozemic
Soils
Head, I.K.; HcKercher, R.B.; Saskatchewan last.
Fedol., Oni». Saskatchewan. Saskatoon. Sa.sk.
Can. J. Soil Scl. (CJSSAR) 1971, 51(3) U23-30; 1911
PESTICIDES; BESIDOES; SOILS; ilDEIH; DIELDEI1;
LIHDANE; TRIALLATE; DDT; CHERNOZIHIC SOILS
is shovn by gas chrpsatography, maximum average
recoveries of aldrin, dieldrin, liadanc, and
triallate, added to checnozeiic sells at the 0.02
pp» level were 77-117*. Maximum recoveries far
DDT added to the soil at the 0.2 ppi level «as
72-92%. The recovery generally increased vith
the moisture content of the soil, bat, the
optimum loistare content was dependent on both
the pesticide and the soil. Results are given
for analysis of chernozesic soils tilth histories
of pesticide application.
1*16
Bioclde con tail nation of Raters
Heinisch, E.; Bid. Zentralanst. Berlin, Dtsch.
ikad. Landwirtschaftswiss. Berlin, Klainaacbnov,
B. Seraany
Fortschr. Vasserches. Ihrer Grenzgeb. (PWIGA*) ,
HO. 14, 151-8; 1972
REVIEW; BIOCIDES; WATER; DDT; SOILS; SURFACE;
LINDANE; CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS
417
Plant Protection Agent Residues in Soil as the
Cause of Unintended Secondary affects
Heinisch, E.: Beitz, H.; Raifenstein, B.;
Hartlsch, J.; Seefeld, f.; Dunsicg, M.
Naehrichtenbl. Dent. Pflanzenschntzdienst,
2U(12), 251-6; 1970
BESIDOES; INSECTICIDES; RZSIE0BS; CDT; SOILS:
POWDER SPRAT: DOST; INCRUSTATION; AEROSOL; HIST;
LIMD1NE; MZTHOITCHLOR; TOXAPBENE; DIPOCOL;
CHLORINATED HTDROCARBONS; ACARICIDIS; B1RBICIDES;
S-TRIAZINE; OREA; CHLORAL HTDRATI; CHLORATE;
CARROTS; PROPAZINE; TOBACCO; KOHIRABI; SIHAZINR;
PERSISTENCE; ATRAZINE; PROFAZINE; WEEDKILLERS;
DEFOLIANT; FODDER; POTATOES; SANCT SOUS;
TRICBLOHOACETIC ACID; FUNGICIDES;
IEMACHLORONITROEENZINE
The soat important insecticides known to ,hav«
side effects ar« reviewed. Fcreacst amcng the
dangerous residues is DDT, which occurs in 95* of
East German soils in significant aaounts. Eleven
percent of saaples contained greater than 2 pps
DDT, sose even 12 ppa. The intensity of residues
in crease fl: dust less than pcwdet spray less than
incrustation aediui less than aerosol less than
slat. Lindane levels la soil saiples were net ac
high, only 16.3* of aasples showed liodane
residues and only 0.3* had 2 pp». Apart froa
•ethoxychlor, toxaphene and difoccl, residue* cf
other chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides and
acaricides were insignificant. Of the herbicides
esployad in East Germany, s-triazines, area
derivatives, chloral hydrate and chlorate are the
sost persistent. The well-known aetabolisa of
s-triaiines is briefly outlined. That of its
derivatives, together with their toxicology, is
lees well researched. The treatment of carrots
with propazine led to the partial or total
destruction of tobacco and kohlrabi grown on the
saae soil the following year. Thin-layer
chrosatographlc examination of the treated soils
shewed considerable penetrations and persistence
of these preparations (sisazine, atrazine and
Fccpazine). Op to 0.5 eg/kg residues were found
after various cultural practices. Diaerization
occurs in soil *ith the foraat ion of ZAO
coipconds, sose of which are carcinogenic.
Chlorate is used in last Gersany as a weed killer
and defoliant in fodder and potato cultivation.
Although it readily disappears in sandy soil, it
persists and is toxic in heavy ones. Chloral
hydrate, used as a weed killer, is converted into
the active trichloroacctic acid, which is toxic
and can be used used in sandy soil. Fungicides
which are cause for concern are the organoaercary
coipconds and pentachlcronitrobenzene.
me
Accelerating the Decomposition of the Active
Principles of Plant Protectants in the Soil
Heinisch, E.; Reifenstein, H.; winkler, R.; Inst.
Pflanzcnschutzforsch. Kleinaachnov, Akad.
Landvirtschaftswiss., Klein Macbnow, E. Ger.
Arch. Pflanzenschutz(AVpZAR) 1972, 8(4) 313-21;
1972
CHIOBATB; HERBICIDES; SOILS; SULFITE; SPENT
LICDIOR; AGRICDLTDRE; NITRITE; INDUSTRY;
DECOHIOSITION; DISSIPATION; REDUCTION; LIMDANE-
TRIA2IHE; SODIUM CHLORATE; SOILS; LOAH;
FEBSISTENCI; PH; DECONTAMINATION; RENOVAL
Methods for accelerating the dissipation of
pesticide residues froa the soil generally entail
assisting natural degradation and removal
processes. Intensive cultivation and irrigation
of a truck gardening field p«rsitted the removal
of the large quantities of lindane (3-4 tines the
recommended annual application rate) required for
cultivating two crept a year. Calcium polysulfide
has been suggested as a soil additive to promote
chemical decomposition of triazine herbicides.
Sodiua chlorate residues have persisted at toxic
levels for up to six weeks after application in
loam soils. Since chlorate ion is a strong
oxiditing agent in acid solution, application of
a sulfite waste lignor to soil was studied for
neutralization of chlorate residues. In vitro
tests revealed that the chlorate-chloride
reduction is highly pH-dependent and generally
does not proceed to completion. The sulfite in
the solution (as well as sodium nitrite, which
could also be considered as a soil decontaminant
became of its availability in large quantities
at a lew price) is broken down at a low pH.
losing effectiveness. Field experiments generally
confirmed the poor laboratory results with this
decontamination aethod although these experiments
have have not been completed.
66
-------
419-423
419
Pesticide Mobility in Soils. 1. Parameters of
Thin-Layer chrcmatography
Helling, C.S.; Plant Sci. Res. Eiv.. Agric. Bes.
Serv., Beltsville, Hd.
Soil Sci. Soc. Amer.. Proc. (SSSAA8), 35(5).
732-7; 1971
CHKOMATOGRAPHY; SOILS; HERBICIDES; PESTICIDES;
THIN LAYER CHRCHATOGP, APHY; MOBILITY; MOVEMENT;
HATER; 2,4-D; ATRAZINE; EXTRACTION
Pesticide »ovement in soil was studied by the
thin-layer chrcmatogrpahic lethod cf C.S. Helling
and B.C. Turner (1968). The mobility, expressed
as r f values fcr frontal movement vas insensitive
to the removal of coarse or tediui sand, movement
distance, soil layer thickness, teiperature, and
saiple size (0.3-50 microgram). Hater flux vas
•odified by amendment. Increased flux nay
slightly increase pesticide mobility. The
•obilities of 2,4-D and atrazine decreased in
greater than 0.5 • NACL. Distance to the vetting
front on soil thin-layer chrcmatcgraphic plates
vas linearly related to the square root of tile.
Autoradiography, radiochromatograi scanning and
zonal extraction were compared as methods for
visualizing radioactive pesticide loveient.
420
Pesticide Nobility in Soils. 3. Influence of Soil
Properties
Helling, C.S.; Plant Sci. Res. Div., Agric. Res.
Serv., Beltsville, Rd.
Soil Sci. Soc. Her., Proc. (SS5H18) , 35(5),
7«3-8; 1971
PESTICIDES; MOVEMENT; SOUS; CHRCHATOGRAPHY; THIN
LATER CHRONATOGRAPHY; ADSORPTION; CLAY; DICAHBA;
SIHAZINE; PICLORAN; fENAC; 2,4-D; PH; 1ATER;
WVEHEST
Soil parameters influencing pesticide movement
vere isolated using simple correlation and
•ultiple linear regression analysis. Mobilities
of 12 pesticides on 14 soils vere first
characterized by soil thin-layer chroiatography.
Nobility cf nonionic compounds net* inversely
related to adsorption of similar compounds field
moisture capacity, organic matter and clay
contents, and cation-exchange capacity. Nobility
of acidic compounds, such as dicaiba, picloram,
fenac, and 2,4-t, vas directly correlated vith
soil pR and inversely vith picloram adsorption.
Pesticide tobility v»s directly if la tad to
increased vater flux. Whet soils vere grouped
according to their clay mineralogy, there vas a
tendency for movement of acidic pesticides to te
directly related to montmorillonitic clay
content. Regression equations usually contained
field moisture capacity, vater flux, and often
simazine and chloropropham adsorption terms for
predicting movement. These parameters vere
highly correlated vith soill organic matter the
average deviation of predicted from observed
mobility, across all soils and p«aticides, vas
0.04 rf units.
421
Movement of S Triazine Herbicides in Soils
Helling, C.S.
Part of Gunther, P.A. (Ed.), Residue Revievs,
Vol. 32, Triazine Herbicides, symposium,
Springer-Verlag, Kev Ycrk, NY 1970. Heidelberg,
West Germany, (p. 175-210) 413 p.; 1970
VEFTICAL LEACHING; LEACHING; MOVEMENT; SOILS;
TRIAZINE; HERBICIDES; S-TRIAZINE
422
Pesticide Mobility in Soils. 2. Applications of
Soil Thin-layer Chromatography
Helling, C.S.; Plant Sci. Bes. Div., Agric. Res.
Serv. , Beltsville, Nd.
Soil Sci. Soc. Amer., Proc. (SSSAA8) , 35(5),
737-43; 1971
PESTICIDES; SOILS; CHROBATOGRAPHY; CLAY LOAM;
LOAM; THIN LAYER CHPOM1TOGRAPHY; ESTERIFICATION;
METHYL; DIFFUSION; VOLATILIZATION; HERBICIDES;
roVEBENT; 2,4-D; ATRAZINE; PROPANIL; 2,4,5-T;
CHLOREBOPHAH; EROPRAB; HETHILCARBAMATE; FENAC;
KOJLISITE; METABOLITES; SILT; SOIL MOISTURE
Forty pesticides vere grouped into 5 categories
rased on relative mobilities on Hagerstovn silty
clay loam plates, using thin-layer
Chromatography. Diffusion vas also studied in
moist and air-dry soils. Methyl esterification
reduced mobility of herbicides, vhile increasing
diffusion and volatility increased 2,4-D
movement. Metabolites of atrazine, Propanil, and
2,4-t vere less motile than their paretn
coipcnnds. Tvo chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins,
potential 2,4,5-T- impurities, vere immobile.
Moveient of components in chlorporpham Propham
p-chlcrophenyl methylcarbamate, and atrazine
propachlor combinations vere mutually
independetn. Dicamba and fenac rf values vere
directly related to soil pH at 5-6.7.
Chlorpcrpham and propham mobilities vere
increased by removal of organic natter.
Eiphenamlde shoved little mobility in oxidized
coil, vas immobile in ca montmorillonite, and vas
moderately mobile in kaolinite.
423
Chlorcdioxins in Pesticides, soils, and Plants
Helling, C.S.; Isensee, A.R.; Soolson, E.A.;
Insoi, P.O.; Jones, 5.E.; Plimmer. J.R.; Kearney,
P.C.; Agric. Environ. Qnal. Inst., Agric. Res.
Serv., Beltsville, Md
J. Environ. Qual. (JE1Q1A). 2(2). 171-8; 1973
REVIlv; CHLORODIBENZODIOIIN; PESTICIDES;
CH10ECCIOXIN; ANALYSIS
A reviev vith 39 references the sources and
toxicology of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioiin
and ether chlorodioxins present as toxic
imparities in certain pesticides, the relation of
2.3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin to 2,4,5-T,
and pesticide analyses and soil-related
environmental studies of
2,3, 7.8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin are discussed.
67
-------
424-429
424
llgae Bioassay Detection of Pesticide Bobility in
soils
Helling, C.S.; Kaofaan, D.B. ; Dieter. C.T.: Plant
Sci. Res. Div.. iqric. Res. Serv.. Beltsville, Bd.
weed Sci. (BIES16) . 19 |6) , 685-90; 1971
CHROR1TOGR1FHT; EIO1SS1T; PESTICIDES: BOBILITT;
SOILS; BCRBICIEIS; BOVEBZBT; THIB UTBI
CBROfliTOCRftPHT: LP.1CBIB6; CUT IC1B; LC1B;
nsEcriciDis; pHBBYi.BBP.Jk; S-IRXIZIBZ; IIQOIT;
PHIQUIT
Bovesent of pesticides on soil thin-layer
chronatography plate* was detected by a bioassay
employing CBLORILU SOROKIIIMJk. after leaching
the coil chroBategraphic plates with water, • C.
SOBOKIBIlHt suspension in an enriched agar wedinw
was aspirated onto the soil. The plates were
incubated at 1001 relative hwidity and 30
decrees. Zones of pesticide aovcncat were
visible within 24-48 hoars nobility in silty clay
loan *as assessed for 2 nethylcarbasatc
insecticides and for 9 pheayloxea, 11 s-triaiiae
and 13 aiscellaaeows herbicides, for analogoec
triaziaes, the notility depended on the
sabstiteent and was in the order: one greater
than cl greater than sne. The noveeeat of diqeat
and paraqaat, nornally innobile in soils, was
directly proportional to the dose, when applied
at high doses.
425
Behavior of Pesticides in Soils
Belling, C.S.; Kearney, P.C.; Alexander, s.;
ftgric. Res. Ser*., Beltsville, Bt
Id van. agron. (aOkMT). 23. 1*7-240; 1971
BEWIBB; P1STICIDIS; SOILS; BR1BICIDZS;
IISBCTICIDSS; 1C1BICTDBS; PwBCIC»ES; BPTIII:
PBHSISTIiCl; PllBTS
The behavior of pesticides im soils is ciscessed
from the standpoint of physiocochenistty and
netabolic processes affecting pesticides, the
effect of pesticides OB the soil sicrofeiota, and
the inplicatione of these processes o* the
hdoactivity, plant aptake, and persistence of
pesticides in soils. (*69 references)
426
Pesticide Bobility: Beteninatica by Soil
tain-Layer Chroeatography
Belling. c.S.: Tamer, B.C.
science, V>7. SC2-M3; 1968, Bovcsber
; Tin i»n cnourocupii: SOILS;
PBSTICniS
427
Persistence of Bemowyl im Diffezeet Soil Types
and Bicrobial Breakdown of the Paagiciee in Soil
end tgar Cnltwre
Belweg, l.; Bekteriol. »fd., statcne
PI an tea vis-lab., Bensark
Tidsskr. H«Bte*wHT»lal»> 1973. 77|3J 232-43:
1973
BIBOBTI.; SOUS: HCtm»; FWBCICIBBS;
irrocuTnc: munrroi; nns;
BZTBTI 2-BnZIBIDlZOLECftRBlBITZ; BIOISSAT-
CARBCB; BITBOGEI; BRElKDOwP
The fwngistatic effect of benonyl in soil *as doe
tc its breakdown prodoct aethyl
2-beazinidazolecarbanate. The decrease of the
fongistatie activity was related to nicrobial
activity and soil type. Benonyl added to soil was
very rapidly converted into nethyl
2-ceBZinidazolecarbanate. Benonyl (100 ppn) was
added to entreated, antoclaved, or gassa
irradiated soil. Thus, by the penicillian
ticazsay, after 52 days of iDCabation, the
untreated soil showed 501 of the original
fangistatic effect, whereas antoclaved or
irradiated soil showed BOX. Tor various soils,
the less of f«agistatie activity increased with
haras content. Hicroorganisss isolated fron
tenonyl-tree ted soil, wtilized benonyl as a
carbon and nitrogen aowrce on agar plates.
428
Chlorfenvinphos. Persistence and Influence on
Bitrcgen Betabolisn in Soil
Belweg, t. ; Statens Planteavls-laboratoriaa,
lyngty, Dennatk
Tidsskr. PlanteavlirnUT) 1972, 76(4) 519-27-
1972
CBlOBFirflBPBOS; IB3ECTICIDP.S; PBBSISTEBCB;
SOILS; *B80BIPZCaTIOB; BITRIFIC1TIOI; BIT1BOIISB-
£CIl BCISTORB
Technical chlorfenvieBphos and pare alpha- and
beta- isoners were incnbated with sterile and
non-sterile soil at 25 degrees C and 15t soil
noistwze. Chlorfenricnfhos was sach Bore
persistent in sterile soil than in non-sterile
soil and the beta-isoscr vas sore persistent than
the alcha-isoeer (201 and 401 of the alpha- and
teta-isoeers, respectively, reaained fron 1OO ppn
technical chlorfenviophee after incnbation for
17C days). Inejonification was not significantly
redece-d by 1000 ppn Chlorfenvinphos.
Bitrificatlon wac alaort conpletely inhibited by
1000 Fpn chlorfeavinphoc hat was not affected by
10 or 100
429
Blcrokial Breakdown of the Pwngicide Benoeyl
Belweg. 1.; Bep. Bacteriol., State Lab. Soil Crop
les., lyngby. Den.
Soil Eiol. Biochee. (SBIOal) 1972, 4(3), 377-3BB:
1«72
SOUS; BICBOnOlOGT; BZBOBTL; rVBEICIDBS;
BKCKHBTIOB; DnXOBPOSITZOB; BBBaOMMB; LOaBT:
PBBSI
Poor strains of bacteria and 2 feagi, which
deooeposed. Benoniyl to nonfaneistatlc coepownes
were isolated fron Ion ay garden soil after 2
nonths of incabation at 25 degrees.
-------
430-436
430
Persistence of Raleic Rydratide in Soil and It*
Effect on Release of Carbon Eioxide
Helveg, A.
Tidsskrift for Planteavl, 75(1), 84-89
HALEIC.HYDRAZItB; DECOHPOSITIOH; PERSISTENCE;
SOILS; HICROBES; INOCULATION
In laboratory experiments in which 100 ppa of
•aleic hydrazide vac added tc garden soil,
•icrobial decoipcsition decreased the
concentration of the hydrazide tc 5 ppi in 3
weeks. The rate of decomposition was not
increased by inoculation with soil to which
•aleic hydrazide had previously teen applied.
CO2 release by soil was increased by maleic
hydrazide, especially when wheat straw was also
added. Inoculation with soil previously treated
with the hydrazide did not increase stimulation
of C02 release by the hydrazide. In a field
experiment in which 5 and 10 kg/ha of active
ingredient were applied, 90K of the aaleic
hydrazide disappeared within 12 days and only
traces occurred after 80 days; the hydrazide did
not occur below 10 ca.
431
Persistence of Napropamide and 0-27267
3,«,5-Tribromo-N H A-Trimethylpyracole-1
tcetanide in a Sandy loai Soil
Henne, B.C.
Proc. Northeast Heed Sci. Soc. 28, 140-144; 197U
HERBICIDES; STUNTED; SOUS; GROWTH; PERSISTING!;
1CETARIDE: SANDY LOAH; NAP8OPAHIEB
«32
Installment Application Effects ufcn Insecticide
Residue Content of a California Soil
Bermanson. R.P.; Gunther, F. 1.; Inderscn, L.E. ;
Garber, H.J.; California University, Riverside, Ca
J Agric rood Chei., 19(4), 7i2-7i«; 1971
LINDANE; DOT; TOXAPHENE; CHLORDASB; DIBIBBIS;
ENDRIN; ALDBIN; HEPTACH10R; FOOD CCNTABINATION;
INSECTICIDES; RESIDUES; SOUS; SiSD; C1AT;
PERSISTESCS
Toxaphene, DDT, chlordane, eodrin, dieldrin,
heptachlcr, aldrin and lindane were applied
annually to a Roltville sandy clay for 5 years at
rates of 20, 20, 10, 5, 5, 5, 5, and 1 Ib/acre,
respectively, and saipling was continued for 6
years after the final application. Residues were
determined from total organically bound Cl
content of the soil. All insecticide applications
except that of lindane resulted In significant
residues in the soil. A persistent Cl index, in
which no degradation or other disappearance
during the first year was given the value 1.0,
gave values of 0.26, 0.22, 0.20, 0.18, 0.14, 0.13
and 0.09 for DDT, dieldrin, (ndrin, toiaphene,
heptachlcr, chlordane and aldrin, respectively.
433
Shat Is Cycloate
Rerve, J.J.; Roa, I.; Soc. Procida, Fr.
Def. Veg.(DETEAA) 1972, 26(153) 30-4; 1972
BEKIw; CTCLOATE; HERBICIDES; CAHBAHATE
A review with 3 references of the toxicity,
•echanism of action, soil polluting properties,
and selectivity of the herbicide, cycloate.
434
IDT and Other Insecticides in Berlin Soils
Rerzel, F. ; Inst. waaser-. Boden- lufthyg.,
Bundeegesundheitsamtes, Berlin, Ger.
Z. Kulturtech. Plurbereinig. (ZKOFAK) 1971, 12(5)
386-11; 1971
CRGANCCHLORINB INSECTICIDES; SOILS; INSECTICIDES;
DDT; DEE; HEFTACfllOR; ALDRIN; REPTACRLOH EPOIIDE;
CIILEFIH
Amounts of less than 1 ppa gaaia-HCH, DDT, and
ODE were found freguently in Rest Berlin soil
samples. Alpha-RCR, heptachlor, aldrin.
hejtachlor epoxide, and dieldrin were found less
frcgoently.
435
Insecticides
Hill, I.R.; ICI Plant Protection Ltd., Oealott"s
Hill Res. Station, Bracknell, Berkshire, England
J. Apjl. Chem. Biotechnol. , 22(7), 879; 1972
LEACHING; VOLATILIZATION; OPTAICE; DEGRADATION;
RETAECLISH; ADSORPTION; R5HOVAL; SOILS;
INSECTICIDES; OXIDATIOH; HYDROLYSIS;
EEHALCGEHATION; RECOCTION; DEHYDRATION;
COCET1EOLISR; RETIIH; PLANTS
leaching, volatilization, plant uptake and
letatclism, and chemical and microbial
degradation, as well as adsorption on soil
ccllcids contribute to the removal of
insecticides from soil. Relatively few
ticchemical reactions are involved in insecticide
metabolism. These include oxidation, hydrolysis,
dehalcgenation, reduction, dehydration, and
cometabolism. Host studies on insecticide
degradation are inadequate due to their lack of
applicability to field conditions.
«36
fate of Zinc Phosphide and Phosphine in the
Soil-tiater Environment
Hilton, H.H.; Robinson, N.H.; Exp. Stn., Hawaii.
Sugar Plant, hssoc., Honolulu, Hawaii
J. Agr. Food Chem. (JAFCA3) 1972, 20(6) 1209-13;
1972
ZINC IHOSPHIDE; SOILS; 8ATIR; PHOSPHINE;
HYtRClYSIS; RODENTICIDI; DECOHPOSITION; FOOD
CHAINS; PESTICIDES; FATE; FHOSPHINE; CROPS;
HANTS; SOIL-BATEH ECOSYSTEM
Factors affecting the changes of phosphide,
contained in a rodenticide, to phosphine and then
to phosphate are examined.
69
-------
437-444
U37
Transport of organic Insecticides to the Aquatic
Environment
Hindin, E.: Bennett, P.J.; Washirgton State
University, Pullman, Hash.
Advan. Hater Pollut. Res., Ptoc. Int. Conf., 5th
(214JNA8) , ?., 111-19, 1-16; 157t
TRANSPORT; INSECTICIDES; ORGJNOCHLCSIHE
INSECTICIDES; SCILS; IRRIGATION; DDT; ITHION
438
Evaluation of Benomyl for the Contiol of Dutch
Eli Disease
Hock, U.K.; schreiber, I.E.
Plant Dis Rep 55 <1). 1971 58-60
FUNGICIDES; IMMOBILIZATION; SCIIS; BEHOMTL; ltd;
EDTCH ZLH; DISEASE
439
Effect of Tiie of Irrigation on the Distribution
of 1,2-Dibro«o-3-Chloropropane in Soil After
Shallow Injection
Hodges, I.B.; lear, B.
Pestic. Sci., U (6) , "795-799; 1973
PESTICIDES; DOWMHAHD MOVEHENT; MOVEMENT; SOUS;
IRRIGATION: 1,2-DIBROMO-3-CHLCBOJBCPAN-I;
DISTRIBUTION
«40
lipid Deposition on Leaves of Canada Thistle
icotypas
Hodgson, J.H.
Heed sci 21 (3).
1973 169-172
2,1-D; RBSISTABCZj HHtBICItBS; SUSCEPTIBILITY;
HIND MOVEMENT; EVAPORATION; LEAF AGE; SOILS;
IHISILBS; 1IPIDS
OKI
Trifluralin Intentions with Soil Constituents
Hollist, 8.L.; Poy, C.I.
Heed Sci 19 (1). 1971 11-16
X-R»T DIFFRACTION; HERBICIDES; PBJTOTOIICITT;
ADSOEPTION; TKIILOHALIN; SOILS
"42
Study of Arsenatc Sorption OB Soils. 2.
Magnitude of Adsorption in Belaticn to Tiie and
Amorphous Bydrttcd oxides of Aluiioiut and Iron
Holobrady, K.; Galba, J.
Poi»noho«podarstvo, 16, 575-581; 1970
1RSZMTE; SOBPTION; SOILS; AESOBIIIOB; PR; ISO!
HVESOXIDES; ALUMINUM HYDROXIDES
The rate of adsorption vas exponential. In
slightly acid and neutral soils, the adsorption
rate vas increased by the presence of hydrated
oxides of iron and aluiinui.
Surface Hater Quality is Influenced by
Agriculture Practices
Holt, B.F. ; Oniv. Minnesota, Morris, UN
Trans. AS&E (Aier. Soc. Agr. Eng.) 16(3):
;65-5«8; 1973
PHSTICIDIS; HAIF-IIPE; OHGANOCHLOBINES j DIBLDRIN-
KOHOFF; DDT; DEGRADATION; PERSISTENCE; TRIAZINE '
JGBICOITORI; SORFACE WATEfi; WATER; SOU
COHSIBVATION; FERTILIZER; ANTM»L WASTES; HEAVY
HI1A1S
The iapact of agriculture on water quality
defends to a larger degree on the practice of
soil conservation since soil is the primary
recipient of fertilizers, aniaal wastes, and
pesticides. Host pesticides have a strong
affinity for soil, and nany persist in the
environment. The approximate half-life for
pesticides in soil has been suggested to be 1-2
years tor the triazines, 2-U years for the
crgancchlorines, and up to 30 yr for the heavy
letals. Losses of substances like dieldrin due
to runoff occur primarily during the year of
application, but these are only small portion of
the tctal loss. Anaerobic conditions such as are
found in runoff enhance degradation of DDT.
Highly selective chemicals of low persistence
should, however, be developed in order to ensure
a reduction in the hazards of water pollution
froi agricultural land drainage. (34 references)
Present State of Soil Insect Pest Control
Hoieycr, B.
Pflanzenscflutz-Nachr.. 23(3) , 224-230; 1972
CHLOBINATEI HYDROCARBONS; FDHIGANTS;
INSECTICIDES; RESISTANCE; INSECTS; PERSISTENCE-
FERSOIfOTRION; PHOXIM; ORGADOPHOSPHATES; ALDRIN;
CHOXIM; HAMNALS; RATS
Chlorinated hydrocarbons replaced fuiigants as
coil insecticides because of easier application
and tetter contcol. These axe being replaced at
present because of the development of resistance
to thci aiong insects and their persistence in
the environment. Fensulfothion and phoxim are
twc new organophosphates which look promising as
soil insecticides. Both compounds control a wide
range of insects forierly controlled by the
chlorinated hydrocarbons. They were found to have
tetter penetration ia soil than aldrin and to
persist under laboratory conditions for about 4
•onths and under field conditions for 2.5 to 3
font ha, phoxim is inch less toxic to mammals,
having an oral LD50 in Bale rats of 2066 mg/kg
compared to an oral LD50 of between 4 and 10
• g/kg for fensulfothlon. (7 references)
70
-------
445-450
Ui»5
Biological Determination of Aldrin Residues in
the Soil After Application of Superphosphate with
Aldrin
Homonnay Csehi, H.E.; Res, Inst. Plant Prot.,
Budapest, Hung.
Kiserletugyi Kozlem., A(KKAHAH) 1971, 62(1-3)
185-93; 1971
ALDBIH; SOILS; BISIDUES; LOESS-SANIY
As shovn by the EROSOPHILA test, the toxlcity of
soils treated tilth 21 aldrin containing
superphosphate (100 or 200 kg/1.1)2 acre)
decreased hypeibclically with tiie. The toxicity
disappeared 980 days after the treatment.
Loess-sandy soils Mere more toxic than brown
forest soils, foi the same aiount cf aldrin
incorporated.
UU6
The Hovement and Description of fluometuron in
Merge Loai Soil.
Hornsby, A.G.; Oklahoma state University,
Stillwater, OK
Thesis, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater,
University Microfilms Order No. 73-15M; 1973
ADSORPTION; DESORPTIOS; HOVEHENT; AGGREGATE SIZE;
FLUOHETORON; LOAH; SOILS; HERBICIDES; PORE-IATER
VELOCITY; HATHEHATICAL HODIL; HOIEL
Pore-water velocity, adsorption, desocption, and
aggregate size influenced the movement of
fluometuron in Norge loam soil. Faster
pore-water velocities prevented establishment of-
equilibria! adsorption between the herticide and
the soil in the col Din. Adsorpticn toe* place
rapidly when batch adsorption techniques were
used. Aggregate size affected the effluent
concentration distributions because of changes in
the available soil particle surface for reaction
and pore-water flew properties. Two existing
mathematical models tested using the data did not
accurately predict the concentraticn
distributions cbtained.
UU7
solution and Adsorbed FluometuroB Concentration
Distribution in a Hater-Saturated Soil.
Experimental and Predicted Evaluation
Hornsby. A.G.; Davidson, J.H.j D«pt. of Agronoiy,
Oklah6ia State Unit., Stillwater, CF,
Soil Sci. Soc. Aier., Proc. (SSSAAB), 37(6).
823-8; 1973
HFRBICIDES; ADSORPTION; DESOHPTIOS: SOUS;
FLOOMETUBON; HATHEHATICAL NOCIl; HCDEL;
DISTRIBUTION COEFFICIENT
The solution and adsrobed phases of fluometnton
in a water-saturated soil Column were in
equilibrium at an average pore-water velocity cf
0.59 cm/hr. The kinetic rate equations foe
adsorption and desorption were net significantly
better than the equilibrium model when describing
the fast displacement of iedine through soils.
The desorption distribution coefficient was a
function of the laximum. amount of herbicide
adsorbed prior to desorption. The experimental
data were reasonably well described by the
mathematical model.
I4U6
Ecology of Herbicides Under Irrigated Subtropical
Conditions
Horowitz, H.; Div. teed Res., Tolcani Inst.
Agric. Res., Haifa, Israel
Festic. Chem., Proc. Int. Congr. Pestic. Chem.,
2nd{2tt«Aay) 1972, 6, 101-15; 1972
5E»I!i; HERBICIDES; DEGRADATION; SOUS;
IBBIGATIOH; 1UTER
A review with 7* references. The factors which
influence the bioactivity and degradation of
herbicides in warm, irrigated soil are discussed.
UU9
A Sapid Bioassay for Diphenamid and its
Application in Soil Studies
Horowitz, H.; Hulin, N.
Seed Res 11(2-3), 113-119; 1971
EIOASSAT; BIPHENAHID; SOIL STUDIES; OATS-H;
HERBICIDES; BIOACTIVIT1; SLDRBT METHOD:
ADSOflTION; RELIASt; SCILS
150
Hicrofcial Co-Hetabolism and the Degradation of
Crganic Compounds in Nature
Rorvath. P.S.
Eacteriol. Rev., 36(2), 1K6-155; 1972
SOILS; LAKES; DEGRADATION; PESTICIDES; OXIDATION;
DDt; 2,I*,5-T; WATER; HMBICIDES; 2,3,6-TEA; WATER
The degradation cf organic compounds such as
pesticides in nature can be accomplished by
micrctial cometabolism , the oxidation of
substances without utilizing energy derived from
oxidation to support microbial growth.
Uncuceessful attempts have been made to isolate
organisms capable of utilizing compounds like DDT
and 2,1,5-T as sole sources of carbon and energy
foi grcwth. However, cometabolism of these
materials has occurred in the laboratory. The
process does not result in complete
mineralization of the molecule, but it does
eliminate th« toxicity. By the action of several
species, complete degradation can sometimes be
accomplished. Field studies are needed in this
area to establish the susceptibility of these
EUtstanees to degradation in soil and water. The
degradation of the herbicide 2,3,6-TBA was
accomplished by microbial populations present in
laXe water under labcratory conditions without a
significant increase in microtlal growth.
Application of the term recalcitrant to
pesticides such as DDT and 2,3,6-TBA »ay be the
result of fallible procedures which do not
consider the cometabolism phenomenon, rather than
the inactivity of the microorganisms. (58
references)
71
-------
451-454
451
Effect of Atrazine in Combination vith Captan or
Thiram Upon fungal and Bacterial Populations in
the Soil
Houseworth, L. D.; Tweedy, B.C.; tept. Plant
Pathoi.. Dni». Missouri, Columbia, HO 65201
Plant soil, 38, a93-500; 1973
CAPTAH; THIFAM; SOILS; COBH; BHEAT; BEANS; TONGI:
ATRAZIHE; PUNTS; DECAY; fBMGICTCIS; HERBICIDES
Captan and thiram added at a rate cf 10 sg/kg to
soil subsequently planted with corn, wheat, or
beans initially decreased fungal populations in
greenhouse experiments. Populaticns almost
normalized after 108 days. when atrazine was
added at a rate of 10 ag/kg to sell planted vith
corn, the corn and licrobial populations were net
affected. However, atrazine added to coil
planted vith wheat or beans susceptible to it
stimulated miccotdal growth, which ecu Id be
attributed to the increase in decay of dead plant
material. Synergistic or antagonistic effects
were not observed when the fungicides and
herbicides were applied in combination. (12
references)
»52
Interaction of Pesticide-Derived Chlorcaniline
Residues vith Soil Organic Hatter
Hsu, T.; Bartha, P.
Soil science, 116<6) , »»»-U53; 1973, December
CHLOROANILINZS; RESIDUES; ABSORPTION; HERBICIDES;
PERSISTENCE; SOUS
Herbicide-derived chloronailine residues are
immobilized by physical absorption to both the
organic and the inorganic soil fraction and by
chemical binding to the soil organic matter.
Chloroaniline binding is strictly a
physiochemical process vith micrctial activity
involved only in liberation from the parent
herbicides. Two mechanisms hydrclyzable (anil
and anilinoquinone) and nonhydroloyzable
(heterocyclic rings and ether bonds) immobilized
roughly equal amounts of cbloroapilinec in the
teat soil. Chloroaniline binding greatly
increased the persistence of these herbicide
derivatives in the environment.
453
Fate or Organic Pesticides in the Aquatic System
Huang, J.C.: Dep. Civ. Bug., Dniv. Hissouri,
Holla, Ho.
Bug. Bull. Purdue Dniv., Eng. Bit. Ser.(PlISAO)
1970. Ho. 137 (Pt. 1) »»9-57; 1970
BETIE"; PESTICIDES; WATER; FATE; VOLATILIZATION;
DECOMPOSITION; DIGRADATIOH; ADSOBPTIOI; DBSOBPTICV
A review vith 27 references on th« fate of
pesticides in vater. Volatilization,
deomposition by ultraviolet irradiation,
•icrobial degradation, biological magnification,
and adsorption onto and description frei
suspended matter are discussed.
054
later-Sediment Distribution of Chlorinated
Hydrocarbon Pesticides in Various Environmental
Conditions
Huang, J.C.; Department of Civil Engineering and
Environmental Research center, University of
niescuri - Holla, HO
International Conference on Transport of
Persistent Chemicals in Aquatic Ecosystems,
Cttava. Canada, May 1-3, 197H, University of
Cttava, National Research Council Laboratories,
national Research Council of Canada, Environment
Canada, p. 4; 1974, Hay
IISTBIBOTICM; CHLORINATE! HYtROCARBON PESTICIDES-
DEI; tIELDRIN; HEPTACHIOB; CLAY; HDNIC ACID;
ADSORPTION PATE; DISTRIBUTION; PH; SALT;
SCBPTICN; DESOHPTION; AQUATIC MODEL; LAKES;
PESTICIDES; UPTAKE; HEiEASE; AQOATIC ECOSYSTEMS'
«AIER; SEDIMENTS; CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS;
ADSCflTION
The water-sediment distributions of three
selected chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides (DDT,
dicldrin, and heptachlor) in various aquatic
systems containing clay minerals and/or humic
acids were investigated. Emphasis was placed on
the study of adsorption rate, mechanisms, and
equilibrial distribution. The effect of several
important environmental factors including pR,
temperature, salt (Nad) content, and different
representative orgaaic pollutants on the
pesticide sorption and desorption was also
determined. The experimental systems which were
employed in this study include both the closed,
cciplete-mix, batch system, and the open,
continuous-flow aguatic model system. The closed
system was used to evaluate casic mechanisms of
adeorction and desorption and their reaction
rates. The continuous-flow aguatic model was
designed to simulate certain specific field
conditions that actually exist in lakes and was
used to ascertain the effect of the selected
envircnmental factors on the uptake and release
of pesticides by the selected adsorbent. Results
of this study reveal that the adsorption of
pesticides by clay minerals involves the
formation of some strong chemical bondings in
addition to the weak fcrce of physical
attraction. The rates of adsorption and
dezorption are dependent upon each specific
pesticide-adsorbent combination. In most cases,
detorption only occurs to limited extents, which
tend to maintain a certain eguilibrial
water-sediment distribution for each
pesticide-clay combination, it is interesting to
note that none of the selected environmental
factors appear to exert any significant influence
on the pesticide uptake and release by the
aquatic sediment minerals.
72
-------
455-459
1455
Adsorption of pesticides by Clay Minerals
Huang, J.C. ; liao, C.S.; Dept. Civ. Eng., Univ.
Missouri, Roll a, HO
J. Amer. Soc. Civ. Eng., 96(SA5), 1057-1076; 1970
ADSORPTION; PESTICIDES; CL»T; DDT; DIB1DRIN;
HBPTACHLOR; DBSORPTION; DEPOSITION; DIIFOSIOM;
EQUILIBRIUM
DDT, dieldrin, and heptachioi were adsorbed
readily on clay minerals, a ia]ci portion of the
equilibrium amount on expansible clays being
adsorbed within several minutes. Equilibrium vac
reached within cne hour in the case of DDT while
a definite desorption of dieldrin tegan to take
place after several minutes. DDT and heptachlcr
were adsorbed lore gradually on an expansible
clay, and two distinct stage:—deposition on the
surface and gradual diffusion into the
interlamellar spaces--were otseried. CDT and
heptachlor are primarily adsorbed through
hydrogen bonding; dieldrin adsorption can be
attributed mostly to strong interaction between
the dieldrin epcxide ring and the oxygen on the
clay minerals. Adsorptive capacities of the clay
minerals used did not correlate with their icn
exchange capacities or specific surface areas.
The results have demonstrated that clays »ay be
useful as carriers or diluents of pesticides in
agricultural applications, studies on the
efficacy and on prevention of runoff would have
to be carried cut to determine their usefulness.
(12 refs)
456
Adsorption of Pesticides on clay Minerals
Huang, J.C.; Liao, C.S.
Trans. Mo. Acad. Sci., 3, 103; 1969
DDT; ADSOHPTION; PESTICIDES; CIM; HIHSIALS
457
Sorption and Desorption of Chlorinated
Hydrocarbon Pesticides in Aquatic Sediient
Minerals
Huang, J.C.; Liao, C.S.; Chien, F.S.; Chiang,
L.T.; Missouri Hater Eesour. Res. Cent., sole. Me.
o. s. Nat. Tech. Inform. Serv., Pb Rep. (XPBBCA)
1971, (No. 20U706,) 16 Pp.; 1971
CHLORINATED HYDROCARBON PESTICIDES; ADSORPTION;
CLAY; HUMUS; HASTE TEEATMENT; SLUDGE; SORPTION;
DESOHPTIOlt; PH; SALT; ORGJHOCHLORISE PISTICItES;
SEDIMENTS; HASTE TREATMENT; AGRICULTURE
The fundamental sorption and descrption reactions
between selected chlorinated hydrccarbcn
pesticides and clay ninerals were established.
The effects of several environmental factors,
including pH, temperature, salt (Nad)
concentration, and organic matter content, on the
sorption and desorption were alsc ascertained.
The ocganochlorine pesticides were rapidly
absorbed by clays and also retained strongly
after adsorption. Only small fractions of the
adsorbed pesticides cculd be deserted. The pH,
temperature, salt content, and organic pollutants
had little effect on the sorption and desocftion.
However, the organic huius present in the
sediment phase vas able to enhance the pesticide
adsorption because chlorinated hydrocarbon
pesticides were adsorbed in much greater
quantities by organic humus than by clay
minerals. It seems that waste-treatment sludge
can be used as a pesticide carrier or diluent for
agricultural applications.
458
Effect of Selected Factors on pesticide Sorption
and Desorption in the Aquatic System
Huang, J.C.
J. Hater Pollution Control Federation, 13(8),
1739-H8; 1971
ADSOBITION; HATHR; DESOSPTION; DDT; DIELDSIN;
HEPTACHLOR; MONTHORILLOHITE; ILLITE; PH;
TIHPmTORE; SALT; G1DCOSE; AHALIME; STE1RIC
ACID; HASTES; DISTILLEt HATER; SALT; PESTICIDES;
CLAY
The effects of various water variables on the
adsorption and desorption of DDT, dieldrin and
heptachlor by montmorillonite and illite were
studied in laboratory aguatic systems. The
factors investigated were pH, temperature,
salt (tiaCl) concentration and organic pollution
(represented experimentally by glucose, analine,
stearic acid and the soluble organic complexes in
filtered, domestic waste water). In the first
series of experiments, the effects of pH (6.0,
8.0 and 10.0), temperature (10, 20 and 30 C) and
salt concentration (O.C3, 0.3 and 3.0* by weight)
on the adsorption and desorption of dieldrin by
mcnticrillonite was determined. Dieldrin in
aqueous solution (100 mcg/1) was added to
aquariums containing a bottom layer of
montmcrillonite. Hater was taken from residue
analysis from 2<4 to 36 hours as a measure of
adsorption. After 48 hours, the water was
sirhened off and distilled water was added.
Curing the next 24 hours, this water was analyzed
for dieldrin as a measure of desorption. With
decreasing pR, the adsorption of dieldrin
increased slightly and decreasing amounts were
released back into solution. Adsorption and
desorption were not significantly affected by
changes in the water temperature. Slightly more
dieldrin was absorbed and retained more strongly
at a salt content of 31 than at 0.3 or 0.03*;
however, more was adsorbed and retained at a salt
concentration of 0.03X than at 0.3%. The
influence of the organic matter on the adsorption
rates and equilibria of the three pesticides by
the two clays was studied in bottles. The test
solutions were stirred or agitated and then
centrifuged. The liquid solution was analyzed
for residual pesticides. Glucose, alanine and
stearic acid at various concentrations did not
influence the rates and equilibria of adsorption
of the pesticides by the two clays. Dieldrin
adsorption by montmorillonite was not influenced
by the soluble organic matter contained in
filtered, domestic waste water. (19 references)
459
Microbiological Effects and Persistence of some
Pesticide Combinations in Soil
Hutbell, D.H.; Rothwell. D.F.; Hheeler, H.B.;
Tappan, H.B. ; Rhoads, F.H.
J. Environ. Qual., 2 (1) , 1973, 96-99
BACTERIA; ACTIHONYCETES; FUNGI; ZINEB;
FUNGICIDES; PABATHIOH; DDT; INSECTICIDES;
FU6ADAS: NITBIFICATION; PERSISTENCE; SOILS
73
-------
460-466
460
Adsorption and nobility of Pesticides in soil
Huggenberger, P.; Letey, J.; Farmer, H.J.; Civ.
Agric. Sci., Univ. California. Berkeley, ca
Calif. Agr. (CAGHA3) , 27(2), 8-10; 1973
PESTICIDES; HOBTIITY; SOILS; ADSORPTION; HODtL:
DISTRIBUTION; DIUPON; ATFAZIME; 1INDAHE: TRANSPORT
A mathematical model was developed which predicts
the distribution of pesticides such as diuron and
atrazine, and lindane in soil frcfiles, and this
•odel vas evaluated by coups ring results with
results obtained from laboratory experiment:. It
was not always possible to predict the depth cf
the maxima concentration of the pesticides
accurately, bat the adsorption coefficient gave a
qualitative indication of the relative mobility
of the pesticides in the soils.
Effect of Two Nonionic Surfactants on Adsorption
and Nobility of Selected Pesticides in a soil
System
Huggenberger, p.; Letey, 3.; Variet. V.J.
soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc. , 37(2), 215-219; 1973
LINDANE; DIBRON; AT8AZINB; MASS T&ANSPCBT:
LEACHING; TRANSPORT; SOUS; ADSOfPTIOM; PESTICIDZS
observed and Calculated Distribution of Lindane
in soil Coining as Influenced by Hater Hoveient
Huggenbeiger, ».; Letey. J.; Farmer, B.J.;
California University, Riverside, Ca
Soil Sci. Soc. Ai. Proc., 36 (») , 1972, 5««-5»8
TRANSPORT; LEACHING; LINDANE; DISTRIBUTION;
WATBH; PENETRATION;; SOU COUJHMS
The observed and calculated distributions of
lindane in soil coluins were coipared using 3
mineral soils with different organic latter
contents and particle size distributions. As
predicted by the theory, application of greater
aiounts of lindane increased the concentration
bat did not influence its depth cf penetration.
Order leaching conditions, the depth of maiiiui
concentration of lindane could be determined by
depth of water penetration divided by It. The
shape of the distribution curve «as unpredictable.
clay, and sand. Harked differences were observed
in these soils in the aiounts of azobenzene
forned. In five soils whose pH values fell
within a range of pH 1.5 to 5.5, azobenzene was
produced from both substrates, while in two soils
(Guelfh loan and Hendigo loamy sand), azobenzene
was only detected from 3,ii-aichloroaniline, No
a2Cben2ene was detected frcn either substrate in
twc additional soils, (Eelloisle narsh soil (site
22, fS 1,U) and Eiz silt loa«
-------
467-471
167
Studies of the Effect of Long-Ten Application of
DHOC and 2,1-D on Their Breakdown in the Soil
Hurle, 1C.; Rademacher, B.
Reed Fes., 10(2), 159-16H; 1970
CEREAL CROPS: DHOC: 2.U-D: SCILS; BEHBICIDES;
SANDY LOAN; FILDER-LOAM; RAPHATOlt; BATIR;
RADIOACTIVITY; CHROBATOGBAPHY; ANALYSIS; SOILS
Laboratory studies compared the rate of breakdown
of DHOC and 2,1-C in cereal-cropped soils treated
for 12 years with these herbicides and in sell
treated for the first time. The substrate was a
sandy loai (filder-loam) . The compounds were
applied as raphatox (501 free acid) at » kg/ha in
1000 L water and 0 46 fluid (2,
-------
472-478
U72
Decoiposition of Pentaehlorophencl in Eaddy Soil
Ide, A.; Hi lei, 1.; Sakamoto, F.; Satanabe, I.;
Vatanabe, H.
Agric. Biol. Che.. 36 (11), 1972 (Reed 1973),
1937-19HU
RICE; HERBICIDES; TETBACHLORCPHENCIS;
TRICHLOROPHENOLS; DICHLOROPHINOLS; CHLCROPRESOLS:
REDDCTIVI DECH1CRINATIOS; MICEOBIAL ACIIVITT;
PADDIES; SOILS; DECOMPOSITION
473
Volatility of Organochlorine Insecticides fioi
Soil. 2. Effect of Relative Humidity and Soil
Hater Content en Oieldrin volatility
Igue, K. ; Farmer, V.J.; Spencer, W.F.; Nartin,
J.P.; California University, Riverside, ca 92502
Soil Sci. Soc. Ai. Proc., 36(3), ««7-«50; 1972
tIELDFIH; CODISTILLATION ; V01ATILIZATICH; SOIL
(10ISTORE; HOHItlTY; INSECTICIDES; CRGASOCHLC81NIS
INSECTICIDES; SIIT LOAM; SOILS
Volatilization losses from 5 and 10 micrograi/g
dieldrin in a silt loai soil ware determined at
initial soil water contents of 10 and 20*,
relative timidities of 100, T5, £1 and less than
1% (dry air), air flow rates of 0.005 and 0.0018
aph and temperatures of 20 and 3C degrees C.
Dieldrin volatilization was dependent en sell
water content but was not dependent on th« rate
of soil water loss. Relative timidity affected
volatilization through its effect en scil water
content. Volatilization losses fen moist scil
•ere greatest when there was no less of moisture
from soil and were negligible when soil water
content was below 2. 8«. Temperature, air flew
rate and pesticide concentration did not affect
the influence of soil water en Telatilization.
«74
Is contamination of the Soil with Heicury
Reflected by the Plants Grcun on it
lire, R. A.; Berencsi, G.
Zentralbl. Bakteriol. Parasitenkd. Infaktionskr.
Hyg. Erste Abt. Orig. Reiha B. Hyg. Praev. Red..
155(5-6), 482-U87
CEREZAH; LBTTDCI; RADISHES; CARROTS; PARSLEY;
HERCOHY; SOILS; FLA UTS
«75
Soil Contamination caused by the Use of Hercury
Containing Disinfectants
Imre. R.A.; Berencsi, G. ; Lozanyi. L.; Haurer,
j.; Szegedi Orvcstud. Egy. roezegeszsegtani
Intez., Sieged, Hungary
Zentralbl. Bakteriol. Parasitenkd. Infektioaakt.
Ryg. Erste Abt. Orig. Reiha B. Hyg. Praev. Bed.,
155 (5-6), D76-H81
HIGOSAN; CERBZAN; PESTICIDES; HERCDRT;
DISINFECTANT; SOILS; ADSORPTION; SIEDS
Seed grain disinfected Kith
aethojv-ethyl-HgCl-containing preparations
(Higcsan and Cerezan) was used for sowing for 0
successive years. Kith repeated sowing, the Hg
passed into the soil, provided the soil contained
both bound substances and snail anounts of
organic material. The fig was mainly adsorbed by
the superficial crumbly layers.
U76
Mobility of some Organephosphorus Sheep Dip
Insecticides in Soil
Inch, T.D.; Ley, R.V.; Otley, D. ; Chem. Def.
Istatl., Porton Down/Salisbury/Hilts., England
Pestic. Sci. (PSSCBG) , 3(3), 2K3-253; 1972
ORGANCEHOSPHORUS INSECTICIDES; SOILS;
CHLORFENVINPHOS; EESIDDES; PESTICIDES;
CHBOHATOGRAPHT; INSECTICIDES; THIN-LAYER
CHROHATOGRAPHt; HOBILI1T; TRITHIOM; DELNAV;
tlCHICfEKTHIOH; AOTORADIOGRAPHr; SOILS; SHEEP DIP
A soil thin-layer chromatography method for
determining the mobility of soae organophosphorus
sheep dip insecticides such as Chlorfenvinphos,
Trithicn, Belnav and Dichlofenthion in soil after
extraction with heptane is given. The method has
been adapted to use either upward or downward
irrigation and repeated or prolonged irrigation.
Incecticide was used at 150 or 1000
aicrcgraas/plate. The concentration of
insecticide in the soil extract was determined by
gas chromatography and the position of labeled
insecticides was determined by autoradiography.
U77
Behavior of Thiocarbamate Herbicides in Soil. 1.
Gas Chromatographic Determination of
K-Chlcrobenzyl-N, N-Diethylthiclcarbamate
(Benthiocarb) in Soil
Ishikawa, K.; Shinohara, R.; Akasaki, K.; Ania.
Health Toxicol. Lab., Kumiai Chem. ind. Co.,
Ltd., Shizaoka, Japan
Agr. Biol. Che. (ABCRA6), 1971. 35(8), 116-1165:
1971
BEITRIOCARB; SOILS; GAS CHROHATOGRAPHT;
CARBAHATE; HERBICIDES; CBROHOSORB R; PHOTOBETRY-
CRROHATOGRAPHT
Eenthiocart was removed froa soil samples by
steaa-distillation, and was determined by gas
chroiatograpby, using silicon gum se-30 on
chromosorb, N as a carrier gas, and a a-specific
fhctometric detector. The coluan teaperatnre was
190 degrees. The sensitivity was 0.002
•icrograas, corresponding to 0.02 ppa benthiocarb
reside* in soil.
«78
Studies on the Behavior of Thio Cacbamata
Herbicides in Soil. 1. Gas Chroaatographic
Determination of «-Chlorobenzyl-N N-Diethyl Thio
Carbamate Benthiocarb in Soil
Ishikawa, K.; Shinohara, R.; Akasaki, K.
Agric. Biol. Cham., 35(8), 1971. 1161-1165
THIOCABBAHATE; BERBICIEES; SOILS; GAS
CHBOHATOGRAPHT; BENTHIOCARB
76
-------
479-485
479
Itpact of Pesticide
Environment
Ishiknra, H.
on the Japanese
Part of Hatsuiura, Fuiio, 6. Hallory Boush and
Toioiasa Hisato (Ed.). Environmental Toxicology
of Pesticides. Proceedings of a United
States-Japan Seiinar. Oiso, Japan, October. 1971.
637p. Illas. Haps. Academic Press: Haw lork,
N.Y., U.S.A.; London, England. 1-32; 1972
HUMANS; INSECTICIDES; FUNGICIDES; FOOD; PESTICIDES
clay, madera sandy loai, and laveen loamy sand,
residues decreased rapidly, from 20 pp» to 0.2-2
ppi in 30 days. Nicrobial degradation and
hydrolysis vece responsible for the rapid
decline. Degradation by hydrolysis alone appeared
to occur in windy loai and santa lucia silt loa»
in which residues retained above 1.5 ppm for 8
•onths. Flooding fortified saiples of these two
coils did not increase the rate of degradation
•bile such treatment noticeably accelerated the
decline of parathion residues in ladera sandy
loam. Parathion disappeared lore rapidly in soils
with low organic tatter, suggesting tbat binding
to organic matter lay reduce the availability of
paratkion for degrataticn. (17 references)
480
Persistence of Herbicides in Irrigated Soils.
Iso*, B.H.; California University, Riverside, CA
Part of Proceedings of California leed
Conference, So. 22, (58-63) ; 1970
PERSISTENCE; HEHBICIDESf NITBALIB; TRIPLORALIN;
BEHFLORALIN; ATBAZINB; PROHBTRYHB; SOUS; BIBLIY;
SUGAE BEITS; SOBGHDH; COTTON; SKI; LOIR; CBCFS;
IBBIGATION
Of nitralin, trifluralin, benfluralin, strazine
and prometryne applied to a loamy sand soil,
nitralin was the cost persistene (sore than 225
days) and prometryne the least (lore than 200
days). In a field test of thirteen herbicides
applied to a clay soil, sugar beet and barley
could be sown safely within 262 days of herbicide
application followed by 64 acre-inches of
irrigation, and cotton and sorghum within 125
days and 100 acre-inches of irrigation.
481
Static and Kinetic Distribution cf Sevin in the
Environment
ivanova, L.N.; Holozhanova, E.G.; Vses.
Nauchno-Issled. Inst. Gig. Tcksikol. Pestits.,
Polis. Plast. Mass, Kiev, as SB
Gig. Sanit. (GIS1AA) 1973, (2), 24-28; 1973
SEVIN; DISTRIBUTION; INSECTICIDES; APPLE TREIS;
SOILS; AIR; TBIIS; PLANTS
482
Persistence of Parathion in Six California Scils
Order Laboratory Conditions
Iwata, Y.; Westlake, H.E.; Gunthcr, F.A.; Citrus
Research Center, Dept. of Entomology, University
of California, Biverside, Ca 92502
Arch. Environ. Cental. Toxiccl.(AEC C») , 1(1),
64-96; 1973
PABATHION; RESItDES; SOILS; INSECTICIDES;
PERSISTENCE; LOAD; SAND; DEGRADATION; BYDROLYSIS;
MICROBES;'AVAILABILITY; BINDING; flOODlUG
Two types of persistence carves «ere attained for
parathion residues in six California scils under
laboratory conditions. In mocho silt leas, linne
483
Varying Persistence of Polychlorinated Biphenyls
in Sii California Soils Under Laboratory
Conditions
Iwata, Y.; Westlake, R.E.; Ganther, F.A.; Citrus
Fes. Cent., Oniv. California, Biverside, Calif.
Bull. Environ. Cental, loxicol. (BECTA6) 1973,
9(4) , 204-211; 1973
SCILS; POLYCHL05INATID EIPBBSYLS; PEBSISTENCE;
EET; AHOCLOB 1254; TRANSFOBHATION; BIPHENYLS
484
Hetabeliss of Chlordane and Heptachlor by
ASIEEGILLUS KIGSR
lyengar, L.; Prabhakara Pao, A.V.S.; Dept. Civ.
Eng. , Indian Inst. Tech., Kanpur-16, O.P.. India
Gen. Appl. Bicrobiol., 19(4), 321-324; 1973
CHLOBDAHE; HEPTICHLOB; CHLORINATED HYDROCABBONS;
PESTICIDES; HYCELIUH; ALDRIH; CYCLODIENE; BDT;
HITAECLISN; BBC
A. NIGER letabolisi of chlordane and heptachlor,
chlorinated hydrocarbons used as pesticides, was
studied. The oxidizing activities of ivceliui
grcwn in the presence cr absence of chlordane and
heptachlor on various chlorinated hydrocarbons as
substrates were eeasured. Dnadapted organisms
could not utilize any cf the pesticides. Both
chlordane-adapted and heptachlor-adapted A. NIGER
utilized chlordane, heptachlor and aldrin, but
neither induced organisi utilized BHC or DDT. A.
KIGEE adapted to a cyclodiene pesticide lay be
able to utilize sany other structurally siailar
compounds.
485
Manet Fungicide, its Effect on Soils and Tree
Growth
Iyer, J.G.; Slayton, S.H.; Hood, W.B.
Adv. Frontiers Plant Sci., 29, 1972, 223-246
HANGAHESB; ALOHINDH; IFRIGATION; SOILS; TREES;
FUNGICIDES; NANEB
77
-------
486-492
486
Evolution of Carbon-14 Dioxide from Soil
Incubated with Dieidrin-14C And tke Action c«
Soil Bacteria on labelled Dieldrin
Jagnow, G.; Raider, K.; Inst. Bodenbiol.,
Forschungsanst. Landvirtsch., Brunswick. Germany
Soil Biol. Biochem. ISBIOAH) 1972, 4(1), 43-19;
1972
DIELDRIM; SOILS; EACTIRIA; CHLORINATED
INSECTICIDES: INSECTICIDES; tllltBIII; GLOCOSE;
CARBON 14; CABBON-14 DIOXIDE; BEIABOLI1BS
Arabia soil containing 10 ppm of Dieldxin,
uniformly IKC-labeled in its cblcrinated ring,
released 0.30 and 1.86* of the activity as KCC2
from sterile and nonsterile samples,
respectively, during 7 veeks of incubation. la
percolated or aerated soil samples containing SO
pp« dieldrin-lttC with or without Glucofo, 0.301
•as lost as 14C02. about half of 177 bacterial
strains isolated from the safe sell produced
Hater-soluble dieldrin metabolites in culture.
from 1« selected strains the 3 meat active
strains (NOCARDIA, COHYNEBACTERIOn, and a
IJICBOCOCCOS SPECIES) Released 0.06-0.11* 14CC2 in
aerated clatures and 0.14-0.2* it. stationary
cultures when incubated for - w««ks with 0.4 ffm
dieldrin-14C.
467
Ttanslocation of Hercury froi Seed Treatment
James, P.E.; Lagerwerft, J.V.; Dudley, B.F.
Part of destley, B. (Ei.). Identification and
Heasucenvnt of Environmental Pollutants.
symposium. Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, Jane 14-17,
1971. national Research council: Canada, (p.
713-215) 451 p.; 1971
PEAS; «HEAT; sons; ACIDITY; FOIGICIDIS;
TOEATMEHT; HBRC08Y: SEEDS; TIAISICCATICR
488
Microbiological Decomposition of Diuroo
(*,»-Dis»tbyl-lM-(3,4-Dichlorop!i«nyl)tJr«a)
Janko, Z.; Stefaniak, H.; Czervinska, B.; Inst.
Przem. Orq., Warsaw, Poland
Pr. Inst. Pne«. Org. (Pipobz) 1970, 2, 2U1-57;
1970
DIOROK; DECOMPOSITION.: SOILS; BACTERIA; OREAS
HERBICIDES
489
lead contamination of some Agricultural Soils in
Western Canada
John, H. K.
Environ. Sci. Technol.. 5 (12), 1971, 1199-1203
LEAD; SOILS; AGRICOLTDHE; IHROBIIIUTIOI; DUBAI
PROIIHITT
H»02-soluble pb content of 700 samples cf icila
froi British Cclnmbia was related to proximity te
industrial and population center*. The solufcl*
Pb was imsobilizea in the surface bociicns.
490
Cadmium Contamination of Soil and Its apt a Ice by
Cats
John, U.K.; chuah, H.H.; Vanlaerhoven, C.J.;
Eejesrch Station, Canada Department of
Agriculture, Agassiz, British Columbia, Canada
Eniircnmental Science and Technology, 6(6)
55S-557; 1972, June
SOILS; PLANTS; ROOTS; HTPERTEHSIOK; FOOD;
FOHGICIDBS; TBANSLOCATICM; ABSdHPTION;
DISTBIBBTICIf; CADHIOH; UPTAKE; OATS;
ACCOM01ATION; HOMAHS; SHELTEBS; EMPHYSEMA;
CHRONIC BRONCHITIS; BOD3T; ANIDA1S; PLANTS; ZTHC-
CHS; TIBES; BATTEET SHELTERS ~ '
The extent of cadmiugi contagination of soils in
the Icner Fraser Vallej (SW, British Columbia,
Canada) was evaluated. Nitric acid-soluble
cadmium in the surface samples among 33
agricultural soils are raged 0.88 ppm. However,
nitric acid-soluble cadiium reached as hio-h as 95
;pm in a surface sample taken near a battery
smelter, but this level decreased considerably
with distance and depth. The effect of soil
application of carbonate, nitrate, chloride,
tnlfate, and phosphate salts of calcium on
cadmium uptake by oats was determined in a growth
cbamtcr study involving soils taken near a
batterj smelter and from farmland. Oats grown on
the contaminated soils contained very high
amounts of cadmium in the roots, with smaller
amounts in the above-ground portions. Soil
tr«at»ents affected the cadmium content of roots
significantly but did not affect the cadmium
content of tops.
091
Influence of soil Amendments on the Metabolism of
COT in Soil
Johns«n, B.I.; Lin, C.S. ; Collyard, K.J.; uep.
Zntomcl., Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins, Co
Fcstic. Chem., 2nd Proc. Int. Congr. Pestic.
Chem., (24RAAT) 1972. 6, 139-56; 1972
COT; DEGRADATION; SOILS; HAH OB!; HETABOLISH; TDE
EDI was readily degraded to TDE in soil, which
had been amended with cattle manure. Tde degraded
slcwlT in amended soil. Ddt metabolized very
slcwly, in anamended soil, and there was no
apparent degradation of DDT or TDE in soil which
*a* incubated with manure.
«92
fh« Degradation of DDT by Soil-Borne Bacteria
Johnacn, 6.T.
Sci. Eng., 29(9), 3156-3158; 1969
DEGRADATION; DDT; SOILS; BACTBBIA
78
-------
493-501
«93
Arsenic Content of Soil and Crops Pollening Ose
of Methanearsonate Herbicides
Johnson, L. R.J Hi It bold, I.E.
Proc. Soil Sci. Soc. Urn., 33, 219-282; 1969
CROPS: COTTON; SOYBEANS; SORGROR; OATS; HAIZE;
VETCH; CLOVER; RITE; ARSENIC; SOUS; HIRBICIEES
Ouch of the applied As reiained in the upper 30ct
of soil. The As content of crop: (cotton,
soybean, socghui, oats, maize, vetch, clover)
grown en treated soil was related to the rate and
for* of As applied, but yields were not reduced
by residual As in soil.
491
netabolisi of 3-Chlorobenzoic-Acld by a
Pseudoionad
Johnston, H.W.; Briggs, G.G.; Alexander, H.
Soil Biol. Biochen. , , E.Z.
Agric Res Rev (Cairo) «8 (1). 1970 H8-58.
WHIAl; INSECTICIDES; PIRSISTENCE; HALATHION;
GRAINS
501
Pollution of the Ecosystem by Insecticides. 2.
Environmental Pollution by Organochlorine
Insecticides
Kanazawa, J.; Yoshima, T.; Kiritani, K.; Datl.
Inst. Agric. Sci.. Tokyo, Japan
Kagaku (Kyoto) (Kakyau) 1971, »1(7) , 38U-91; 1971
INSECTICIDES; REVIEW; SOILS; BATER
A review with 40 references soil and water
pollution by insecticides, especially BHC
residues, and the fate of residues in soil are
497
Hiscible Displacement of 2,4-D Herbicide During
Constant Liquid Flow Velocity into Initially Dty
Soils
Jyothi. V.; Oniv. Florida, Gainesville, Fla.
(DABSA9) 1971, 120; 1971
DICHLOROPHENOXXACETATE; HERBICIDIS; CIlrOSIOR
79
-------
502-507
502
Effect of fungicide Dexon
(p-Di»ethylaaino-benzenediazo So aim Sulfonate)
on Soil Aggregation
Karanth, N.G.; Vasantharajan, V.«.; Hicrobiclogy
and Pharmacology Laboratory/ Indian Institute of
Science, Bangalore, India
Current Science. «0(15), 39H-396; 1971
SOUS; DEXON; POKGICIDES; AGGREGATION; SaifONATl;
LOAN
Samples of red lean soil containing 0.1< H as
NHUCl or NaN02 w«re incubated with 0, 1000 and
2000 ppm Dexon fcr up to 8 weeks at 25-30 degree
c. Dexon recovery was 70-80* immediately after
application and 7-209 8 weeks after application.
KattCl, NaN02 and Dexon caused decreases in the
percentage of water-stable aggregates after
incubation for 5 weeks but the decrease caused by
Dexon had almost disappeared after 8 weeks
incubation. In a second experiment HHSC1, NaNOZ
and Dexon were added to soil samfles and
aggregation was determined immediately. Ill
Dexon-treated soils showed an increase in
aggregation immediately after trtatsent and this
increase was greatest when Dexon was added to
soil after WHitCl or NaN02.
503
Persistence «nd Effect of Dexon en Respiration of
Soil Hicroflora
Kara nth, W.G.; Vasantharajan, V. I. ; Hicrobiol.
Phanacol. lab., Indian Inst. Scl., Bangalore,
India
Soil Biol. Bioches. (SBICAH) 1973, 5(5), 679-80;
1973
DEXOI; SOILS; HICROflORA; HBT»BOIZSB; FB»GICIDBS;
R ESP IB AT IOH
SOU
Effects of Sodium Chlorate on Soil
Microorganisms, theic Respiration and their
Bnzymic Activity
Karki, A.B.; coapin, L.; Kaiser, P.; Honssin, R.;
Sec. Hicrobial. Sol, Inst. Pasteur,
joay-en-Josas, franc*
teed Hes.(IEREAT) 1973, 13(2), 133-9: 1973
SODIOH CHLORATE; SOUS; BACTIP.IA; BBBBICIDES;
"ICBOriOHA; RESPIBATIOI; EHIYHE; ACTIKOHTCETBS;
CBLLOLOLTSIS; IHHONIPICITION; NITBIFICMION;
CAHBOI DIOXIDE; HBTABOLISBj lEHICBOGEIiSE
Berbicidal treatment with granular sodium
chlorate (150 kg/ha) had no effect on the total
number of soil iicroflora, as veil as on the
nnaber of actinosycetes, and of cellulclytic,
aiBonifying, nitrifying and denitrifying
bacteria. In saiples taken after 27 diys, the
•volution of C02 was initially the sase in
treated and untreated soils, bat later diminished
in the treated soils, indicating a decrease In
total licroblal aetabolise there were no
differences in sasples taken after 150 days. The
dehydrogenase activity was d«creaa«d at 5 and 27
days after »aC103 treat»»nt.
505
Ilicrctial Conversions of Dithiocarhamate
fungicides
Karrs Sijpesteijn, A.; Vonk, J.V.; Org. Chem.
Inst., TI10, Otrecht, Netherlands
Heded. Rijksfac. LandbWet. Gent, 35, 799-80«; 1970
IATE; DIALKT1DITHIOCABEAH1IES;
EISDITBIOCABBAMATE; SOILS; PDNGICIDES; MICKOBIAL
CCKTEFSIOH
The fate of dialkydithiocarbasate and
bisdithiocarbamate in soil is discussed.
506
Degradation of Pesticide Combinations
Kaufaan, D.D.; Plant Sci. Res. Div., Agric. Res.
Serv., Beltsville, Hd
Festic. Chem., Proc. Int. Congr. Pestic. Chem..
2nc524«AA), 6, 175-20U; 1972
1; PESTICIDES; COMBINATION; DEGRADATION;
HERBICIDES; HTDROLTSIS; ENZTHE; ACCUMULATION;
INSECTICIDES; NEHATOCIBES; PDN6ICIDES;
EEESISTENC1; BESIDDES; HETRTLCARBAHATB;
CBGAKOPHOSPHATE INSECTICIDES; PHBHTLCAEBAMATES ;
ACtIA«ILIDES; ACETAHIIE
Increased or decreased persistence and the
formation cf complex residues sometimes result
from the uae of various pesticides in
simultaneous or successive applications. Whether
cr not these effects are desirable depends upon
the ultimate result of the interaction involved.
The formation of persistent residue complexes is
undesirable, and decreased persistence of
pesticide residues is needed. Certain
methylcarbamate and crganophosphate insecticides
Inhibit the enzymatic hydrolysis of several
ph«nylcarb»mates, acylanildes, and acetamide type
herbicides by soil microorganism, thus increasing
their persistence in soil. Controlled persistence
of readily degradable pesticides may facilitate
better and longer pest control with reduced
applications and application rates, and
ultimately reduce accumulation of undesirable
residues. Careful selection of pesticide
combinations or formulations can aid in the
control of residual toiicity. la dtlibtrate use
of pesticide combinaticns factors such as
reliability and effectiveness, as veil as the
economics ef their production, their toxicology,
and the ecological acceptability of their
individual and their combined residues, must also
ce considered.
507
flicroblal Degradation of Several leetamide
Acylanilide carbaaate Tolnidine and Orea
Fettlcides
Kaufman, D.D.; Blake, J.
Soil Biol Bioobem., 5(3), 297-308.; 1973
615 LIQUID CHSOIUTOGRAPHT; THIN LATER
CHBOB1TOSRAPHT; DIGBaDlTION; CASBAHiTES;
PESTICIDES; TOLOIDINBS; DEGSADATIOI
80
-------
508-513
508
Degradation of i tea line by Soil fungi
Kaufman, D.D.; Blake, J. ; 0. S. Deft, of
Agriculture, Beltsville, Hi
Soil Biol. Bioche«., 2(2), 73-80; 1970
HERBICIDES; CHROHATOGRAPHT; DEGEADATIOK;
ATRAZINE; FDMGI
A review dealing with the evidence foe
degradation of s-triazines in microbial systeis,
the mechanisms of degradation and fciodcgradaticn
at chloro-s-triazine, methoxy-s-triazine, and
•ethylthio-s-triazine. (103 references)
509
Methyl carbamates Affect Acylanilide Herbicide
Residues in Soil
Kaufman, D.D.; Blake, J.; Killer. D.E,
J. Agr. Food Che*., 19(1), 204-2CC; 1911
PARA CHLOROPHENTLHETHnCARBASATE; ACTLANILIDES;
SESIDDES
510
Methyl carbamate Inhibition of Phenylcarbanate
Metabolism in Soil
Kaufman, D.D.; Kearney, P.C. ; Vonendt, !>.».;
Miller, D.E.
J. Agr. Food Che»., 18(3), 513-9; 1970
BIOASSAY; PERSISTEHCI; NETHTIC1FBAHATE ;
DEGRADATION; CIPC
Bioassays of treated soil indicated that the
insecticidal n-iethylcarbamates: 1-naphthyl,
o-isopropoxyphenyl, 4-diiethylaiinc-i- toyl
6-chloro-3, 4-xylyl and «-dimethylailnc-c,5-xylyl
n-methylcarbamat* increased the terbicidal
persistence of isopropyl a-chlorocarbanilate
(CIPC). Soil pH, soil type, tile cf treateint
and methylcarbamate concentrator did not
significantly affect this interaction in soil
systeis. The microbial degradation of CIPC was
inhibited by 1-naphthyl in soil ccrfusion
studies. An explanation for these phenomena vas
found in enzymatic studies, conducted vith a
purified enzyie isolated froi CIEC-degrading sell
•icroorganisis. Enzyiatic hydrolysis of CIPC Das
inhifcited by 1-napht'hyl, o-iscprcpcxyyfhenyl,
(•-dimethylamino, 6-chloro-3, 4-xylyl, and
»-di»ethylamino-C,5-xyly N-methylcarba»ate but
not by isoprophyl i-chlorocarbanilate. Kinetic
studies revealed that methylcarbaiates are
competitive inhibitors of the
phenylcarbamate-hydrolyzing enzyie. Failure of
isoprophyl m-chlcrocarbanilate tc cause
inhibition was attributed to steric hindrance ty
the two ortho-sutstituted tertiary-butyl grcgpe.
(25 references)
511
Studies on Organochlorine Pesticide Residues in
crops and Soils. 15. absorption of BBC by Stems
and leaves of Bice Plants.
Kawahara, T.; Agr. Chen. Insp. Sta., Kin. of Agr.
and Forestry, Tokyo, Japan
Boll. Agr. Che«. Insp. Sta., 12, 31-31; 1972
BHC; ADSORPTION; RESIDUES; RICB; ELAHTS;
PESTICIDES; SOUS; ISONEHS; PADDIES; STEMS;
IEATIS; ORGANOCHLOBIHES PESTICIDES;
BEIACRLOBOBIXZEliE; LIHCAIE
Absorption and residues of alpha*, beta-, gana-.
and delta-BHC lixed qniforBly vith volcanic ash
soil at levels of 0.05, 0.1, 0.05 and 2 ppi were
studied in rice plants. Residues of each isoier
were determined in the straw, root, and soil
after harvesting. The aiount of absorbed BHC
was, an the whole, larger in the root than in the
strav, the concentration of each isoier
decreasing in the order alpha greater than beta
greater than delta greater than gana in the root
and teta greater than cr equal to delta greater
than gana in the straw. Increased concentration
of an isoier in the soil caused increased
concentration of residues in the whole plant
except those of gana- and beta-isoiers in the
straw. Other isoiers in both parts of the plant
plataaned. The residual aiount of BHC at harvest
was proportional to the added aiount of BHC
although gaiia-BRC disappeared faster than the
ether isoiers when its concentration in the soil
was high. The results of the present experiment
supported the results cf investigation in paddies.
512
Studies on the Residual Organochlorine Pesticides
in Crops and Soils. 14. Disappearance of BHC on
Petri-dish in Laboratory Poo»
Kawahara, T.; Agr. Chei. Insp. Sta., Min. of Agr.
and Forestry, Tokyo, Japan
Hull. Agr. Chei. Insp. Sta., 12, U6-H8; 1972
HEXACHIOROEENZEHE; BHC; PERSISTENCE; LINDANE;
CECOBECSITIOH; EVAPORATION: PESTICIDES:
CRGANCCHIORINB PESTICIEES; RESIDUES; SOUS;
ISCHEFS; CHOPS
Disappearance of alpha-, beta-, gana-, and
delta-BRC was traced on a Petri dish in amounts
siiilar to those in fields. Norial temperatures
under diffused sunlight were used for about two
months. Regardless of formulations (wettable
po»d€c, dust, EC) the disappearance of
gana-isoier was the fastest, the residue almost
disappearing within 5 days; days required for 901
disappearance were 1.8 in EC, 3.3 in dust, and
0.5 in wettable powder. Those for alpha-isomer
were 2 in EC, 4 in wettable powder, and about 23
in dust; complete disappearance occurred in 10,
20, and 28 days, respectively. The delta-isoier
tocK 5.8, 17, and 19 days for 90X disappearance;
dust and EC took 28 and 58 days for complete
disappearance. Beta-isomer persisted longer than
other isomers, talcing 4.5, 29, and 32 days for
501 disappearance. The curves of residual amount
versus time were similar to those for BHC applied
en crops or in water, suggesting that evaporation
and decomposition by sunlight are the main
factors for disappearance.
Absorption of BHC by Rice
Kawahara, T.
Hoyalcu Kensasho Hokoku (NKHOAX) , 12, 31-4; 1972
BHC; ABSORPTION; RICE; SOILS
81
-------
514-518
514
Organochlorine Pesticide Residues in Plants and
Soils. 12. Absorption of Aldrin and Dieldrin in
Turnips
Kawahara, T.; Agric. Chea. Insp. Stn., Ninist.
Agric. For., Kodaira, Japan
Noyaku Kensasho HoKoku (HKHOAK) , 11, 81-6j 1971
ORGANOCHLOHIHE PESTICIDES ;ABSORPTIOK;TURIII PS ;DIEIDR
IN;ALDBIN; PLANTS; PESTICIDES SOUS
515
studies on the B«sidual Organochlotine Pesticides
in Crops and Sells
Kavahara, T.; Agi. Chei. Insp. Sta., (fin. of Agr.
and Forestry. Tckyo, Japan
Bulletin Agriculture cheiical Inccecticn Station,
12, »9-51; 1972
BHC; PESTICIDES; HEIACHLOROBMZEKB; fEBSISTIKCH;
OBGAHOCHLOBIHE PESTICIDES; LIHDASl; HAIF-LIFI;
WATER; SOILS
The disappearance over tiae cC alpha, beta,
gaaaa, and delta-BHC respectif«lj, dissolved in
tap water at concentrations cf O.C1, 0.1, 1.0,
and 5.0 ppi was studied. The sasples Here kept
in an open vide-iouthed transparent glass battle
under natural sunlight. Tap-water was added
every two days for 08 days. Alpha and beta-EHC
disappeared «ost quickly; alrha-eRC residues
dropped tc about 10* after 7 days and a ainute
aiount persisted for IB days; beta-BHC residue
dropped to 20-30% (less in mere dilate solution)
after 10 days. Gaiaa-BHC (lindane) followed a
pattern siiilar to alpha-BHC except at a
concentration cf 5 pp«; after OB days residues
were only traces. Ho definite tccnd occurred
with the disappearance of delta-EHC concerning
concentration; at all concentrations it took the
longest tiae to disappear. The half-lives under
the above conditions were U-6, ».5-9, 5-11, and
10-20 days for alpha-, beta, gasta, and delta-ERC.
516
Variation of Pesticide Residues in Fields. 1.
Lead krsenate in Apple Orchard and Penitrobthicn
in Vineyard
Kawahara, T.; Goto, s.; Fujiioto, I.; Ratanate,
T.; Naeda, H.; Agric. Chia. Insp. Stn., Kodaira,
Japan
»oyaku Seisan Gijutau (HS6IAJ), 27, 17-20; 1972
LEAD; ARSIHATE; FES I DDES; APPLES; GEAPIS; HAD
ARSBMTE; FENITBCTHIOH
Hesidues of as on lead ars«nate(FBRASO«) -treated
apple trees were higher on apple* Iroa lower
branches, than on those free higher branches. Me
such difference was shown in the Pt residues.
The disappearance of As was lore rapid, than that
of Pb. Considerable differences ««ce found in
Fenitrothion residue lerelg in grapes.
517
BHC in Soil and River (later in a Forest
Kanahara, T.; Matsu-Ora, K.; Nakaaura, H.;
Kodaiia-shi, Tokyo, Japan
Bulletin of the Agricultural Cheaicals Inspection
Station, 11, 76-80; 1971
BHC; SOUS; SIVERS; POBESTS; SAT5B; FESIDOES
IOAMS: HOdaS; SOIL HOISTDEE; LINDANE;
HEXACHLOROEEHZENE; SANCY 10AH
The aiount of BHC residues in the soil varied
vith saapling site and pesticide treatment. In
general it vas greater in loaa than in sandy loa«
and greater in soil of high hums content. There
was no relationship betnaen the amount of residue
and soil goisture content. The highest levels of
alrha-EHC, beta-BHC, ga««a-BHC and delta-BBC were
1.16, 0.675, 0.5<» and 0.2U ppM respectively.
Studies on the Residual Organochlorine Residues
in Cicps and Soils. 18. BHC in Soils of Paddy
Field
Kawahara, T.; Matsui, B.; Makaiura, H-; Che».
Inep. Sta., Bin. of Agr. and Forestry, Tokyo,
Japan
Bull. Agr. Ches. Insp. Sta., 12, «2-«5; 1972
BHC; HKACHLOROBEHZENE; ORGASOCHLORINE HESIDOESS •
SOUS; PADDIES; RICE; CROPS; PERSISTENCE; CLAY>
SASD: HESIDDE; PESTICIDES; LIHDANF
Contaaination of the surface soil layer (0-20 cil
and the subsoil (deeper than 20 en) by BHC was
studied in paddy fields in three prefectures, on
the nbole, BHC persisted more in the surface soil
layer (0.097, O.H30, 0.012, and 0.006 pp« of
alpha, beta, gaaia, and delta-isoaer) than in
sucsoil (0.006, 0.032, 0.007, and 0.001 ppa) .
The aiount of each isoser persisting in soils was
in the order of beta greater than alpha greater
than ga»a greater than delta, both in the
surface layer and in the subsoil, in spite of the
larger quantity of alpha-isoier in technical BHC.
Sialler applications resulted in less
contaaination by the residue. Beta-BHC persisted
in sell longer than delta-BHC, and BHC was *ore
persistent in clay soil than in sandy soils.
82
-------
519-523
519
Studies en Organochlorine Pesticide Residues in
Crops and Soils. 16. Degradation and
Isoierization of BHC Isoiers ty Heating
Kawahara, T.; Hcku, H.; Agr. Cbei. Insp. Sta.,
Bin. of Agt. and Forestry, Tckyo. Japan
Bull. Agr. Chei. Insp. Sta., 12, 35-37; 1972
CHGAHOCHLORINE PESTICIDES; CHOPS; SOILS;
DEGRADATION; BHC; HEXACHLOROSENZIHI; CIGARETTES;
SMOKING; ISOBFBIZATION; TR 1C ELOECBENZENE; LIHDANE
As a followup to reports of BHC residues in
conercial cigarettes and interccnveisicns cf
isoiers during sicking, a stud; das performed on
the behavior of BHC isoiers in cigarettes during
beating, studies were also carried out on
individual purified isoiers. When 5 g of a trand
of cigarettes containing 0.715, 1.155, 0.865, and
0.815 •icrograi: respectively of alpha-, beta-,
gaiia-, and delta-BHC was asked in an evaporating
dish on an electric heater, the sicke evolved
contained 0, 0.310, 0.505, and 0.307 licrograis
of the respective isoners. The change in iscier
ratio suggests decomposition and isoierization
during heating. When 1 aicron of each BHC iscier
was heated individually, the alpha-isoier yielded
159, 118, and 11 ng of the beta-, gana-, and
delta-isoiers, respectively, with 158 ng of
unchanged alpha-isoier; the teta-isoiar gave 116,
152, and 13 ng of the alpha-, gana-, and
delta-isoiers with 317 ng of unchanged
beta-isoier; the gaiia-isoners with 178 ng of
unchanged gaiia-isoier; and the delta-isoier gave
112, 113, and 117 ng of the alpha-, beta-, and
gana-isciers with 110 ng of unchanged
delta-isoier. As decomposition products, 1,2,3-
and 1,2,1-trichlcrbenzene were detected.
Isoierization also occurred when isciers were
heated in a silica tube to exclude the possible
catalytic action of trace letals in the
evaporating dishes.
520
Organochlorine Pesticide Residues in Plants and
Soils. 7. Organochlorine Pesticides in
Conercial cigarettes
Kawahara, T.; Hoku, H.; Nakaiura, H.
Noyaku Kensasho Hokoku, 11, 59-6C; 197C
CRGANOCHIOHIHE PESTICIDES; DDT; ALDRIN: DIEIDRIN;
ENDRIN; CIGARETTES
The levels of organochloride pesticide detected
in 5 commercial cigarettes were. 0. 106-0.716
ppl-BHC; 2.820-5.339 ppi DDT; 0.000-0.091 ppl
aldrin; 0.113-0.236 ppi dieldrin; 0.353-1.613 ppi
endrin. The endrin level was lower and aldrin
level was higher in Japanese cigarettes than in
Aierican or Rest Gerian products.
521
Organochlorine Pesticide Residues in Plants and
Soils. 8. Absorption and Translocation of
Crgancchlorine Pesticides in Tobacco
Kawahara, T.; Nakaiura, H.
Noyaku Kensasho Hokoku, 11, 61-66; 1971
CHLOBIHATEt HYDROCARBOHS; BHC; ALDRIH; DIELDBIN;
DDT; TOBACCO; PLANTS; BOOTS; LEAVES; ABSORPTION
All chlorinated hydrocarbons including BHC,
aldrin, dieldrin and DtT tested were absorbed
into tobacco plants, the levels of BHC and DDT
absorbed were greater than those of aldrin and
dieldrin, and the levels of the chlorinated
hydrocarbons absorbed were 4iigh in roots and low
in leaves. Aliost the saie concentration aldrin
(0.07 pp«) »as detected in every part of tobacco
18 days after the treatient. The absorption of
alpha-EHC and gana-BHC was greater than that of
teta-EHC and delta-BHC.
522
Pesticide Interactions
Kawai, «.; Iwahara, S. ; Sasaki, T. ; nikaii, T. ;
Hatanabe, I.; Ochiai, T. ; Medical School, Ground
Self tefense Force, Tokyo, Japan
Boei Eisei (Nat. Def. Red. J.) , 20(12),
1973
509-512;
IESTICIDES; HAHHALS; FUNGICIDES; BICE; MORTALITY;
LDJ5; PARATHION; PEHITPOTHION; DICHLOPVOS; DDT;
FCf; IINBANE; HINOSAN; PROPINEB; EPN
To obtain intonation concerning synergisi
between pesticides in acute tozicity to laiials,
five crganophosphates, three organochlorines, and
four fungicides were tested. Pairs of these
pesticides were injected subcutaneously into isle
dd lice, each at a LD25 dose, and mortality was
observed for one veek (A) . The expected
• ortality rate (B) was calculated as the sui of
the icrtality rates obtained when one LD25 of
each pesticide was injected individually.
Effects were designated as synergistic, additive,
or antagonistic, respectively, for A/B ratios of
• ore than 1.5, 0.6-1.5, and less than 0.6. The
pairs cf pesticides which showed synergisi were
parathion * fenitrothicn (A/B = 2. 1) , dichlorvos
» CDT (1.5), PCP * fenitrothion (1.5). PCP + DDT
(1.6), PCP * lindane (1.6), Hinosan »
fenitrcthion (1.6), Hinosan * lalathion (1.6),
tetrachloroisophthalcnitrile * lalathion (1.9),
tetrachloroisophthalonitrile » dichlorvos (1.7),
and ptopineb » lalathicn (1.6). Those which
showed antagonist were parathion » lalathion
(0.3), EPN » DDT (0.1), DDT « lindane (0.3), and
Hinosan » dichlorvcs (0.2). All other pairs,
including Elasticidin-5 in all coibinations,
showed additive effects. The lechanisns of
synergisi and antagonist between pairs of
pesticides were discussed.
523
Decoipcsition of Sinaltin. 2. The Decomposition
Prcduets of Sinalbin and Their Degradation
Pathways
Kawakishi, S.; Naiiki, H.; Hatanabe, H.;
Nuraiatsu, K.
Agr. Eiol. Che«., 31(7), 823-830; 1967
DECCHICSITION; SINALBIN; DEGRAEATIOS; PATHWAYS
83
-------
524-528
52 tt
Fate of Organophcsphorus Insecticides in Soils.
1. The Retention of 32-P-Lateled Disulfoten and
Dimethoate in the Three Soils. 2. The Changes
of the Retention and the Hetabolisi of
32-P-Labeled Disulfoton and Diiethoata in the
Soils
Kavaaori, I.: Salt, T.; lyatomi, K.
Bochu Kagaku, 36(1), 7-17; 1971
SILTY CL»t LOAN; LOABY SABO; DISOLFOTON;
DIHETHOATI; METABOLISM; EETEHTIOH; RESIDUES;
INSECTICIDES; CLAY; DECOMPOSITION; DEGRADATION;
CLAY LOAF!; LOAN; SAND
The relationships between the aicunts cf
32-P-labeled disulfoton and dimethcate applied tc
soil and the levels retained increased linearly
with increased levels of application. Disulfoton
was retained by soil to a higher degree than
dimethoate. Retention by the different soils
varied in the order: silty clay loam greater
than clay loai greater than loamy sand. The
insecticide residues were found icstly in the
extractable organic natter fractions and the
residue levels attained depended en the organic
•atter content rather than on the clay content of
the soils. Retention of the insecticides also
varied inversely with their Hater solubility.
The nature of the interactions with soil
components is briefly discussed. The cation
exchange capacity of the soils seeded to
influence retention. When aqueous suspensions of
the soils were incubated with the insecticides
for 0, 2, 6 and 10 days, then drained, more
disulfoton was retained initially and only slight
increases in the residue levels cccurred later.
Dimethoate residues increased rapidly daring the
first 2 days. Gradual decoifositicn of the
parent compounds was detected daring the
experiment. The differences in the radioactivity
extractable from the organic utter and in the
chlorofori-eitractable paterials in the aqueous
•luates of the soils are discussed. The
sulfoxide of disnlfoton was detected after 10
days, but the lajor degradation products were the
sulf oxide and sulfone of the tbicl derivative.
Ho breakdown product* of ditethoate vere
identified. (23 reference*)
1M-Carbonyl-labeled carbaryl (1-naphthyl
•ethYlcarbaaate) and 3,5-nylyl lethylcarbamate
were studied in five different soil types at two
concentrations. Persistence was influenced bv
soil type, and 11C02 evolution varied fro» 2.2 to
37.US of initial radioactivity during 32 days of
incubation. Hydrolysis was the lain pathway of
degradation since very low concentrations of
1i»C-carbonyl »etabolites were detected. 1UC02
evolution froa 14C-1,1,5,8-Ring-Labeled naphthcl
in scil was only 8.2* after 60 days. Hore than
701 of radioactivity was found to be linked to
huiic substances. Pour letabolites, one of which
was ccumarin, were produced froi ring-labeled
naththol by a soil pseudoeonad. (16 references)
527
The Pcison Chain for Mercury in the Environment
Kaiantzis, G.; Eept. Ned., Middlesex Hosp. Mea.
School, London, R. 1., England
Int. J. Environ. Stud., 1, 301-306; 1971
OBGA1IOMEHCORIALS; MEBCORY; FUNGICIDES; INDUSTRIAL
EFFLOENTS; LEACHING; SCILS; WOOD POLP PROCESSING
PUNTS; BICE; SEED DBESSINGS; BIRDS; FOOD CHAINS-
HETHttATIOH '
Organic mercurials, which are more toxic than
inorganic salts of mercury, enter the environment
as fungicides and 'are converted to inorganic
mercury by living systems, when used as
fungicides, these compounds can be leached out of
soil, eventually reaching waterways, or escape
frcm wcod pulp processing plants. In Japan,
agricultural uses have been limited since an
avtrage concentration of 0.1 ppm mercury was
found in rice, in 1966, Sweden banned the use of
mercury seed dressings because of the large
nuibers of birds dying of lercury poisoning.
Since that time mercury levels have decreased in
tirds at the end of the aquatic food chain.
Bercnry concentration in some Swedish waters may
prohibit production of edible fish for 50 or 60
years. Hntagenic and teratogenic effects of
mercury have been observed at concentrations
below those causing intoxication. (18 references)
525
Fate of organo phosphorus Insecticides in Soils
Kawamori. I.; Saito, T.; lyatoai, K.
Botyu-Kagaku, 36(1), 71, 7-12
DISDLFOTOR; DIBBTHOATI; FATE; OBGANOPHCSPHOFOS;
INSECTICIDES; SCIL5
526
Metabolism of Methylcarbamate Insecticides in
soils
Kazano, R.; Kearney, P.C. ; Kaufman, D. E.
J. Agr. Food chea., 20(5), 915-979} 1972
PERSISTENCE; METABOLISM; MBTHTLClfBAMATE;
CARBARYL: HYDROLYSIS; DEGRADATION; METABOLITES;
NAPHTHOL; SOILS
The persistence and letabolism of carbon
528
Retidu* Studies on Aldicarb in Soil and Scotch
Fine
Kearty, ». H. ; Ercegovlch, C. D.; Bliss, B. ; p«nn.
State Oniv., University Park, PA
J. Econ. Ent., 63, 1317-1318; 1970
ALDICABB; RESIDUES; SOILS; SCOTCH PINE: TBBES-
ICAB
lldicarb granules were applied at 0.5, 1.0. »nd
2.0 Ib per 12 trees on a fine loam typic
hapludult soil, when applied at O.S and 1.0 Ib
rates, no residue was tound in the soil at 36 and
63 daji respectively, and only 0.07 ppm was
detected at 63 days at the highest application
rate. Soil samples vere taken at 6-12 inches
84
-------
529-533
529
Hierobial Degradation of sots chlorinated
Pesticides
Kearney, P.C.; Kaufman, D. D.; Plant Sci. Res.
Div. , Agric. Res. Serv., Beltsville, Hd.
Degradation Syn. Org. Hcol. Biosphere, Proc.
Conf. (26FHAT) . 166-89. 1971; 1972
REVIEW; PESTICIDES; METABOLITES; BICTBBIA; SOUS;
CHLORINATED PESTICIDES
A review on micrcbial reactions associated with
several major classes of pesticides. The
environmental iiplicatioos of certain pesticide
•etabolites or byproducts arc discussed. (91
references)
530
Nicrobial Degradation of Herbicides
Kearney, P.C.; Agricultural Research Service
Presented at American Society of Agronciy, 63rd
Annual Meeting, New York, NT, August 15-20, 1971
(p. U1) , 16« p.; 1971
HERBICIDES; NICROBIAL DEGRADATION; SOILS;
PERSISTENCE; CBIHICAI BONDS; ENZYMATIC CLIAVA6E
Soil ale reorganises ace responsible for degrading
a large nuaber of organic herbicides and reducing
their persistence in the environaent. Hierotial
metabolism causes fragmentation cf the herbicide
•olecule at certain specific sites. These sites
represent chemical bonds betneen different atois
subject to enzymatic cleavage and include C-C1,
c-N, c-As. C-0. C-s, and C-c. Herbicide
persistence and the structure of the resulting
•etabolite is a function of the rate of cleavage
of these bonds in the aolecule. This rate is
determined by many variables, including lolecular
structure, the microorganisms, and the soil
environaent.
531
Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin in the Invironaent:
Sources. Fate, and Decontamination
Kearney, P.C.; Agricultural Research Service,
Beltsville, Maryland
inv. Health Perspectives, 5, 273-277; 1973,
September
TETRACHLORODIBENZODIOXIN; DICXIHS; FAT!;
DECONTAMINATION; TCDC; 2,1,5-T; CHLORINATED
HYDROCARBONS; INSECTICIDES; FIRSISTENCI; SOILS;
DECOHPOSITION; REVIEW HOBILITI
The major source of tetrachlcrodibenzodioxin
(TCDD) input into the environaent in the past has
been from use of the herbicide, 2,1,5-1. Future
inputs will be minimal if th« dicxin content is
held at low levels during thf manufacturing
process. In the environment, TCCD behavior is
similar to shorter-lived chlorinated hydrocarbon
insecticides; it is fairly persistent and
iiBobile in soils, not taken up into the economic
portion of plants, and slowly decomposed in water
in sunlight. Research results and survey data
collected by Agricultural Research Service
regarding the sources, fate in tie environment,
and decontamination of TCDD *re summarized.
532
Persiitence of Herbicides in Soils
Kearney, P.C.
Isr. J. Entomol. 6(2), 1971, 169
RICRCBIOLOGY; BETABOLISR; PLAHTS; BIOASSAT;
CABBABATBS; ALIPHATIC ACIDS; DIORON; SIIUZINE;
PRINTt; OREA; FENAC; DALAPOR; PERSISTENCE;
HERBICIDES; SOILS
533
Reactions of Pesticides in Soils
Kearney, P.C.; Helling, C.S.
Residue Ref., 25, 25-41; 1969
EICORtOSITION; SOILS; HERBICIDES; MODEL;
HYDROLYSIS; MALATHION; DIAZINON; HALATHION
BOIOACID; DEALKYLATIOK; PESTICIDES;
CIBALOGENATION; DEALKY1ATION; AMIDES; ESTER
HTtROtYSIS; OIIDATION; REDOCTION; ETHER FISSION
A summary of pertinent reactions associated with
pesticide decomposition in soils is presented.
Hhile primary emphasis is placed on reactions of
herbicides, other pesticide decompositions are
included. Studies with sterile soils and model
systems have revealed that purely cheaical
systems play a role in destroying herbicides.
Chemical reactions are usually characterized by
hydrelysis. Examples are the hydrolysea of cis-
and trans-1,3 dichloropropene to the
corresponding 3-chloroallyl alcohols, diazinon to
2-isefropyl-» methyl-6-hydroxpyrimidine and
d,a-aiethylthiophosphoric acid, malathion to
malathion monoacid and the 2-chloro-s-triazines
to their respective 2-hydroxy analogs. In some
instances, dealkylation of the pesticides may
also cccur. The principal microbial reactions
associated with pesticide decomposition by soil
microorganisms include dehalogenation,
dealkjlation, amide or ester hydrolysis,
oxidation, reduction, ether fission, aromatic
ring hydroxylation and ring cleavage. Since the
first five reactions are of major importance in
soil aetabolism, they are discussed in detail and
specific examples are given. Although these
reactions have been demonstrated to occur in
soils, information relating to the reaction
mechanists has largely coma from other systems.
Therefore, where pertinent, reference is made to
more specific enzymes and organeeles where
mechanistic evidence exists. (60 references)
85
-------
534-537
53K
Environment significance of Chlorodioxins
Kearney, P.C.; I sen see, A.R.; Railing, C.S.;
Hoc!son, Z.A.; Pliner, J.R.; »qtic. Etviron.
Qual. Inst., Agric. Res. Serv., Eeltsville, Rd
Advan. Chei. Ser. (ADCSAJ) 1973, 120, 1005-11; 1913
CHLORODIOXIN; P1ANTS; SOILS; HEBEICIDIS;
TRICHLOROPHENOXACETATE; TEBATOSEN; PERSISTENCE;
MOBILITY; OPTAItl; OATS; SOTBEASS;
PHOTODECOMPOSITIOH; DEGRADATIOH; HETABOLITES;
DI01CIHS; 2,3,7.8-TETBACHLOROriEINZO-P-tIOXIll
2,3, 7, 8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, an iipnrity
in 2,"»,5-T, was inobile and persistent in acils
and not readily taken up by plants (oats and
soybeans). 2,3, 7,8-tetrachloroditenxo- p-dioxin
vas subject to photodecospositioii and was slowly
degraded in the soil to polar tetabolites. Scie
dioxins hare been reported to have teratogenic
effects; however, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dio
xin environmental contaiinatioa appear* to c«
very slight at the present time.
535
Persistence of Pesticide Residues in Scils
Kearney, P.C.; lash, B.G.; Isensee, A.B.
Part of Miller, «.».; Berg, G.G. (Us.), Ch«iical
rallout-current Research on Persistent
Pesticides, Proceedings Publication of Rochester
University Conferences, Rochester, NT (p. 51-67)
531
PERSISTENCE; SOILS; FHOSPHATtS; INSECTICIDES;
CHLORINATED HTDSCCARBONS; DISAPPIABANCI; BIAvY
HETALS; ABSERIC; RESIDOES; PESTICIDES
Pesticide persistence in oar environment ii of
current national interest. The effective life of
pesticides in soils varies froi a few neekt to
several years. Their persistence depends
primarily on the structure and pcrpetties of the
cospound, and to a lesser degree en location and
soil properties. Eitreies in persistence are
found with the insecticides. The highly toxic
phosphates do not persist fox extended periods of
tiie in soils. In contrast, soie of the
chlorinated hydrccarton insecticdes say persist
for four to five years under nortal rates of
application. Disappearance cf scst cosplex
crganic pesticides froe soil follows a
first-order reactor curve. Disappearance of
sispler organic pesticides often exhibits a lag
phase followed by rapid setatoliis by toil
•icroorganisis. Heavy aetalz and arsenic
pesticides tend to accumulate at the application
site.
53«
Hetatcliss of 3-t-dichloroaniline in Soils.
Kearney, P.C.; Pliiier, J.B. ; 0. S. Department of
Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland
J. Agr. Pood Chen., 20(3), 581-585; 1972
TCAB; tlCHlOROANILINE; SOILS; CLAY; SILT-
TE1RACHLOROAZOBENZENE; ISOMERS; 1ETABOLISN-
3,*-EICHLOBOAHILIllE; PISTICICES
In a silty clay loa« the recovery and for«ation
cf iac-3,3 (1),4.
-------
538-542
538
Cacodylic Acid Metabolism in Soils
Kearney, P.C.; Hoolson, E.A.; Dnited States
Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research
Service, Plant Science Research tivision,
Beltsville. Maryland 20705
Paper No. 29, Pesticide Division, 162 National
ACS Meeting, Washington, D. C., September 12-17,
1971; 1971
CACODTLIC ACID; SETABOLISN; SOILS; A1KII ABSINIS;
MICROORGANISMS; DIHITHYL ARSIHIC ACID; ARSENATE;
PHYTOTOXICITT; AIROBIC; ARSENIC
The following metabolic reactions of cacodylatc
appears to be significant In soils, under
aerobic conditions microorganisms cleave the C-As
bond to fora carton dioxide and arsenate. The
arsenate then reacts with the calcium, iron and
aluminum salts in soils to fora essentially
insoluble salts. The iron and aluiinui salts
exhibit a lo« crder of phytotoxicity. Cacoflylic
acid also foris these calclui, aluminum and iron
salts, the reactions appear to be tore
significant with the inorganic arsenate. Under
reducing conditions, cacodylate terms alkyl
arsines. Our nork and the vcrk cf HcBride and
Wolfe suggests that the diiethylarsine lay be the
•ajor evolved product fro* certain
•icroorganisis. Soie of the alkyl arsine
generated is trapped directly in sells. This
•ust be a stable coiplei, since heating the
arsine treated sell overnight failed to decrease
the C-14 content. The free iron oxides in soils
appear to play an important role in this trapping
process. It is also veil knc*n that
dimethylarsine is unstable in aix, forming the
dimethylarsinoxide or cacodyl oxide. Cn further
air oxidation diaethylarsinoxide is further
oxidized to give the diiethylarsinic acid or
cacodylic acid. Under aerobic ccnditicns this
vould undergo c-As bond cleavage. These
seguences of events vould lend support to the
theory of an arsenic cycle in nature as propcsed
by rrost. Recently ve have attempted to trace
the fate of several of these organic aisenicals
in aquatic food chains involving alga, snails,
dap h ma and fish. He have observed no
biomagnification of the labeled arsenicals in
these food chains, realizing the liiited
interpretation one can put on these siiple
systems.
539
Chemical Distribution and Persistence of
C-m-Cacodylic Acid in Soil
Kearney, P.C.; »col son, E.A.; United states
Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research
Service, Plant Science Research Civisi.cn,
Beltsville, Maryland 20705
Paper No. 29, Pesticides Division, 162nd Rational
ACS Meeting, Washington, D. C., September, 1971;
1971
CACODY1IC ACID; HERBICIDES; PESTICIDES; SOUS;
DIMETHYL ARSINIC ACID; P100DIB SCIIS; BET ABOLISH;
AERO El C; ARSENIC
The metabolism of cacodylic acid under aerobic
conditions appeared to proceed through C-As
cleavage as veil as through a volatile arsine
production. The metabolism cf cacodylic acid
under anaerobic conditions appeared to proceed
through reduction to arsine cr dimethylarsine.
5«0
Persistence and Metabolism of Chlocodioxins in
Sells
Kearney, P.C.; toolson, E.A.; Ellington, C.P.;
Agric. Environ. Qual. Inst., Agcic. Res. Serv.,
Beltsville, HD
Environ. Sci. Technol. (ESTRAS), 6 (12), 1017-19;
1972
PERSISTENCE; METABOLISM; CHLORODIOTIN; SOILS;
HERBICIDES; CONTAMINANTS
Persistence and Metabolism of Chlorodioxins in
Soils
Kearney, P.C.; woolson, I.A.; Ellington, C.P.;
Agric. Environ. Qual. Inst., Agric. Res. Serv.,
Beltsville, Bd.
Inviron. Sci. Technol. (ESTHAG) 1972, 6(12)
1017-19; 1972
CRIORCDIOXINSS; SOILS; HERBICIDES; DIOXIN;
CH1OROPHENOLS; I* VIVO
The persistence of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-d
ioxio, a contaminate of 2,1,5-t, vas determined
in soils treated in the laboratory vith 1, 10, or
100 ppm 2,3,1, S-tetrachlorodibenzo-p.-dioxin.
After 1 year 601 of the originally applied
pesticide vas recovered. Neither
2.7-dichlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, nor
2,3,1,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin could be
detected in soils treated vith 2,4-Dichlorophenol
or 2.1,5-Trichlorophenol, indicating the absence
of in vivo microbial condensation reactions
leading to Chlorodioxins. A polar metabolite of
J.3.1,6-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin »as detected.
5«2
Decay of Parathion and Endosulfan Residues on
field Treated Tobacco South-Carolina 1971
Keil, J.E. ; Loadholt, C.B.: Brown, B.L.;
Sandifer, S.H.; Sitterly, ».R.
festic. Honit. J., 6(1), 1972, 73-75.
INSECTICIDES; DEGRADATION; RAINFALL; TEMPERATURE;
PARATBION; ENDOSOIPAN; RESIDUES
87
-------
543-548
543
The DDT story
Keller, E.; Cheaistry
Part at Giddings, J.C. (Ed.) , Monroe, R.B. (Ed.) .
Our Chemical Environment, Canfield Press, San
Francisco, CA, (p. 173-179), 3«7c.; 1972
DDT; INSECTICIDES; PESTICIDES; RESIDUES;
CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS; TYEHDS; IICIj HAtAFIA;
PERSISTENCE; BIRtS; FISH; PISH KIILS; ENDRIN;
RESISTANT SPECIES; SUSPENDED PARTICLES;
ADSORPTION; BIOACCOMOLATIOH; SEDIMENTS; FOOD
CHAINS; PLANKTONS; KRILL; PBHGDIHS; CONCENTRATION
FACTOR; OYSTERS; GREBES; SAtDON; HERRING;
WHITmsH; EGGS; ZGGSHZH THICKNESS; BCBINS;
EARTHWORMS; WORMS; VEGETABLES; PEANUTS; FAT;
ENZYME; MDTAGENS; HORMONES; IIGIS1AT10N
DDT, a chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticide, vas
developed by Paul dueller (Kobe! prize In 1946
for Its discovery) as an insecticide shortly
before vorld var 2. The ingredients of previous
insecticides (arsenic, copper, lead) v*re needed
for war purposes, and this new ccmpouad was cheaf
and aarvelously effective in coatating typhus and
•alaria. It vas soon used in huge quantities
(U.S. production 167 sillion pounds in 1962) as
an anti-loose product (sized with talcum pcwdei) ,
and was sprayed widely to control mosquitos. Bat
resistant insect species began tc appear. Also
in 1962 Rachel Carson's book SILEH1 SPRING waa
published, warning against the hazards to birds
and fish. Pish kills occutred IB the lower
Mississippi in 1963 due to endrln. It was found
that DDT accumulates in fatty tissues and that it
was quite persistent in (any soilc (up to SO
percent regaining after 10 years). It was found
that DDT was spread over the «nvircmeet and »ac
concentrated in »oee food chains. The effects OB
birds in sose arias ware particularly terioos:
it interfered vlth the calcine BStabolisB and led
to thin eggshellf and consequent reproductive
failure nhen the eggs broke befoie hatching. DDI
has been found in buian fat at 3-20 plus ppi
depending or the country (O.S. - 12ppi). There
is scse evidence that it say affect enzyse and
hormone systems, and my b« a sqtagen. In
Noveaber, 1969, Robert Finch, Secretary of HI*
called for elimination in the 0.S. within 2 yean
of all uses of DDT and ODD except those essential
to huaan health.
SOS
Translocation and Aftereffect of Herbicides
Khalilov, I. H. ; Tadzh. S.-Kh. In St., Dushanbe.
USSR
Cokl. Akad. Nauk Tadzh. SSR(DASTAL» 1973. 16f2l
!6-9; 1973 ' '
TRANSICCATION; HERBICItES; SOILS; COTORAN'
NITROFOR; FLANAVIV; CDCOMBE8S; BARLEY;
GERMINATION; HERBAN; P1ASTS; BIOIHDICATORS;
fEFSISTENCI
Ihen cotoran was applied to the surface of a
21-cB soil sample of cocuiber plantings, 50* of
the herbicide settled in the top 7 c» and 25* in
the bcttos 10 CB the cocusber plants were largely
destroyed. Cotoran or nitrofor applied in optiaal
doses retained residual activity for «-5 aonths
doling which time the herbicide reduced the
germination rate of barley plants. Later the
herbicides accelerated barley growth and
increased barley green BBSS. Herban, plansvin,
and preparations 156 and 613 had no residual
toiicity and stimulated barley growth. All the
herbicides studied were completely inactivated
within the 1st year after application.
iUt
Interaction of Bipyridylium Herbicides with
Organcclay Complei
Khan, S. D.; Res. Stn., Canada Dep. Agric.,
Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
0. Sell Sci. (JSSCAH) , 24(2), 2UH-8; 1973
HIBBICIDES; ADSORPTION; ORGANOCLAYS; PARAQUAT-
DICO»l; BIPIRIDILIOK; CHARGE-THASSFEH; CLAY- '
HOWS; ABSORPTION; BIPYRIDYLIOH; INFRARED
SPICTRCSCOPI
Paraquat was adsorbed in greater amounts than
diquat by an organoclay complex, infrared studies
indicated the existence of charge-transfer
complexes between paraquat or diquat and the
organcclay complex. Opon interaction with clay,
organic Batter Bay facilitate the adsorption of
paraquat or diquat on clay minerals in soil.
544
Analysis of Decomposition Products of Pesticides
Kennedy, H.T.; Stojanovic, B.J.; Shuian, F.I., Jr.
J. Agrlc. Food Chu. 20 (2), 1972. 3H1-3U3.
RES I DOES; GAS CHBOHATOGBAPHY; INFRARED SPEC1BA ;
ELECTRON CAPTORE; BTEROGBN; FLAMI lONIZATIOH;
THERHAL CONEOCTI1ITY; CARBON DIOXItE; CARBON
HONOIIDE; NITR06IN OXIDES; HIDBOCB10HIC Kit}
ANALYSIS; DECOMPOSITION; PESTICItIS
547
Adsorption of Pesticide by Rumic Substances; A
Review
Khan, S.t).; Res. Stn., Canada Dep. Agric.,
Regins, Saskatchewan, Canada
Environ. Irtt. (BILTAI) , 3(1), 1-12; 1972
RETIBR; PESTICIDES; ADSORPTION HECHANISHS;
MECHANISM; ADSORPTION
546
Interaction of Basic Acid with Chlorinated
Phenoiyacetic and Benzcic Acids
Khan, S.D.; Res. Stn., Canada Dep. Agric.,
Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
Invites. Lett. (EYLTAI) , 4(2), 141-8; 1972
PRINOmCBUlE ACIDS; HERBICIDES; BORIC ACID-
SOILS; RETENTION; BENZOATES; ADSORPTION
-------
549-554
5U9
Interaction of S-2,3,3-Trichloroallyl
H.H-Diisopropylthiolcarbaiate (Triallate) vith
Montiorillonitc
Khan, S.O.; Res. Stn., Canada D»p. Agric.,
Regina. Saskatchewan, Canada
J. Environ. Qual. (JEVQAA), 2(3), "15-11; 1973
TBIALLATI; PERSISTENCE; HOHTBOEI1ICIITE;
HERBICIDES; CATIONS; OIIGEH; VITI8; GLUT;
DISPLACEBEIIT; CARBONtL
Tci&llate coordination to exchangeable cations on
•ontaorillonite clay occurred by leans of the
oxygen atoi of the carbonyl group of triallate.
Triallate-aontaorillonite completes were stable
on heating to 50 degrees for 15 days, but when
shaken vith distilled water, the herbicide Has
completely displaced troa the clay.
550
Equilibrium and Kinetic studies cf the Adsorption
of 2,»-D and Piclorai on Huiic Acid
Khan, S. D.; Res. Sta., Agr. Can., Regina,
Saskatchewan, Canada
Can. J. Soil Sci., 53 (
-------
555-561
555
Persistence of DDT in Orchard Soils
Kiigeiagi, 0. ; Terriere, I.e.; Oregon State
University, Cot«allis, USA
Bull. Environ. Cental. Toxicol., 7(6), 346-352
IEACHING; PERSISTBNCE; DDT; SOUS; ORCHARDS;
RESIDUES
Analyses of soil samples from 2 orchards, which
had received 414 snd 169 Ib/acre of DDT froi 19*6
to 1967, shoved that the DDT residues attained a
threshold level within a ftv years after its
regular use began. The decline in total residues
proceeded at the rate of about 3.5X per year.
556
Degradation of Synthetic Organic Rcldecules in
the Biosphere Natural, Pesticidal, and Various
Other dan-Hade Compounds
Kilgore. H.H.; Carlson, A.I.: Dagley, s.;
Piaentel, D.; Subcommittee at Cheiical additives.
National Research council, Vashington, DC
Report of Sube01littee on Chemical Additives,
National Research Council, PE-216 665/8, 359; 1972
DEGRADATION; ORGANIC MATTER; PESTICIDES;
GIODEGRADATION
557
The Degradation of Organomercuiy Fungicides in
Soils
ICimura, r.; Millet, v.L.
J. Agr. food Chem,, 12, 253-'; 1S64
DEGRADATION; OHG UNOBERCORt FOHGICIDBS;
fONGICIDES; SOUS; HBRCORT
558
A Chomatographlc Model for Predicting festicide
Migration in Soils
King, P. B.; Mccarty, P.I.
Soil Sci., 106(4), 246-261; 1968
MODEL; MIGRATION; SOILS; PESTICItES
559
tegradation of Several Herbicides in a Soil
Frevicusly Treated wit h (ICPA
Kitkland, K; Fryer, J.t.; Agrlc. Res. Counc.,
Reed Bes. Organ., Tarn ton/Oxford, England.
weed Fes. (SEREAT) , 12(1), 90-5; 1972
HESBICIOES; DEGRADATION; SOUS; OXIDATION;
fH!»CXYBDTYRATE; «CPA; MCPB; COTTON; PLANTS;
EIOASSAT; CICAMBA; DICHLORPROP; PENOPROP;
BICIiCICATCRS
Soil vhich received nine previous field
tr«ati«nts of 3.3 kg Mcpa/ha, at intervals of
abcut 6 aonths, and vhich becaie able to detoxify
RCIA »ore rapidly than untreated control soil,
vas atle to degreade »cpb with equal facility,
vhereas the disappearance rate of phytotoxic
residues of Dichlorproc, Necoprop, and Dicaaba,
as determined by a bioassay technique, were
unaffected by previous soil treatsent «ith MCPA.
Beta-oiidation of MCPB to HCEA did not occur as
shown by using cotton as an indicator plant.
560
Hierctial DecoipositioB of Pentachlorophenol
Kirsch, !.J. ; Etzel, J.E.; Purdua Univ., School
cf Civil Engineering, Cept. of Environmental
Engineering. ». Lafayette. IS 17907
Water Foliation Control Federation, Journal,
«5(2), 359-364; 1973, February
BIODEGRADATION; DECOMPOSITION; PENTACHLOROPHENOL;
CABBCI DIOXIDE; SOIIOH PENTACHtORPHEHATE
The biodeqradation of sodiui pentachlorophcnate
v»f cbserved in both proliferating and
nonproliferating lixed bacterial populations that
had previously received lengthy accliiation to
the biocide. Definite proof of dissimilation was
cbtaiced by Beasuring the release of carbon
dioxide-14(1QC02) froi radioactive sodiui
pentachloropfaenate. The »axi«u» yield of CO2 in
a 24-houc exposure period was 68% in
nonprolifersting cultures. The rate and extent
cf decomposition in prcliferating cultures vas
significant but less than found in
nonprcliferating cultures. Spontaneous,
nonbiological decomposition of sodium
pentachlorophenate was observed but did not
exceed 0.1* in a 48-hour reaction period.
561
Cegradation of DDT in Forest Humus by soil and
litter Micro Arthropods
Xlee, S. B.
Ann. Zool. Ecol. Anil., 4, 219-224; 1971
DEGRHtATION; DDT; HOMOS; SOILS; FORESTS-
ABlHBOPODr IRRADIATION
90
-------
562-570
562
Fate of Carbon-IB-Labeled Aldiin in Potatoes and
Soil Under Outdoor conditions. 35.
Klein, V.; Rohli, J.; weisgerber. I.; Rorte, P.;
Inst. Oekol. Chen., Ges. Strahlen- and
Oiveltforsch. H.B.R., Hnnich, Gtrmany
J. igr. Pood Chem. (JAFCAO) . 21(2). 152-6; 19*73
ALOBII; SOILS; POTATOES; RESIDUES; INSECTICIDES;
METABOLITES; CASEOIILIC ACIDStLIC 1CID; DIEIDRIE;
PHOTODIBLORI"; PROTC1LDRI*: IZACBIRG; TBA1SPOBT;
FATE; RADIOACTIVITY; MATER; TRACER; PLABTS
When carbon Ill-labeled aldcic vas applied to
Soils in Germanj (2.9 kg/ha) and England (3.2
kg/ha) to vhich potatoes had been son, less than
60X of the total radioactivity reccvered fro* the
soil and plants vas doe to metabolites, mainly
dieldrin and a group of hydrophi lie products, of
vhich the >ain coaponnd vas identified as
dihydrcchlordene-dicarboxylic acid
(1.2,3,»,8.8-hexachloro-1,»r«A.6,7,7A-hexahydro-1,
»-endo-aethyleneindene-5, 7-dicartoxylic acid).
Photodieldrin VBE also detected in small amounts
in the potato haul* £ro» England, as vcze traces
of photcaldrin in both soils. The conversion of
aldrin vas least in the upper sell layer and
greatest in deeper soil layers (10-60 c« froi
surface) and in the plants. Only very lov
residues were detected in the deeper soil layers
in England, vhereas acre radioactivity vas found
in the deeper soil saaples in Germany. Leaching
vater of the experiment in Geraany contained only
dihydrochlordene dicarboxylic acid (0.02 ppm).
563
Conversion of Pesticides Dnder Atmospheric
Conditions and in Soil
Klein, ».: Korte, F.; Inst. Cekol. Chelie,
Schloss Birlinghoven, Ger.GERHARY
Trace Subst. Environ. Health Proc. Oniv. Ho.
Anna. Conf., (25G1AD). 71-80. 1971; 1972
REVIEW; PESTICIDES; ULTRAVIOLET FAEIATIOH; SOUS;
TRAISFORRATIO*
S6«
Theoretical Aspects of the Persistnece of Organic
flatter in Soils
Kleinheipel, D.
Part of Szegi, J. (Ed.) . Proceedings cf the
Symposiui on Soil Microbiology, Icl. 2.
Budapest, Hungary. 1970, June 16-20. ikademiai
Kiado: Budapest, Hungary (p. 209-213) «5« p.;
1972
IIGIII; P01THEBS; OEGRiDATIOI; HICROBICtOGT;
TBEORT; PERSISTIRCE; SOILS
566
Biclcgical aid lonbiological Hodifications of
cacbaaates
Knaak. J.B.
Bull. i.H.O. M(1-2-3), 121-131; 1971
J1IHAIS; P1AITS; IISEC1S; IISECTICIDES; CABBABTL;
CAFBOIDBAH; ALDICABB; RETHOHIL; ZBCTRA1; SOILS;
BOX; BEOBAI; CABBABA1BS
567
Sorption of Ionised pesticides by Soil
Knight, B.A.G.; Contts, J.; Toalinson, T.E.;
Oealctt's Bill Res. Stn, Bracknell, England
Part of Sorption and Transport Processes in
Soils. Ronogr. Soc. Chci. Ind., 37, (p. 5»-62);
1970
SOIP1IOI; PESTICIDES; SOILS; BEVIEV; IONISED
PESTICIDES
568
Insecticide Usage and Residues in a Mevly
Developed Great Plains Irrigation District
Knntson, R.; Kadoni, A.H.; Hopkins, T.I.; Svoyer,
G.F.; Barvey, T. L.
Eestie. Bont. J.. 5(1) , 17-27; 1971
tlAZIIOM; PARATBIOII; AIDRI*; DIELDRIB; SOILS;
IOLIAR APPLICITIOBS; IRSECTICIDES; DSAGE;
RESIDOBS; FLAIRS; IRRI6ATIOB
569
Transfer of Phosphoros-32 Ind Dieldrin along
Selected Hicroorganisis in Soil
Ko, I.R.; Lockvood, J.I.; Mich. St. Oniv., East
lansing, HI
Eev. I col. Biol. Sol., 7(4), «65-»70; 1970
IOEG1; ACTIIOHTCETES; RERATOCIDES; SOILS;
m»EilBBBATES; PLAITS; TISSUE; FOBGOS; DIELORII;
IHCSFBCBOOS 32; BTCEtlA; COLIZHBOLA; EICBTTRAEIOS
fhosphorons-32 froa lysing fungal eycelia vas
transferred to an actinoeycete, another fungus,
neeatodes, enchytraeids, and colleabola in soil.
tieldrin vas also transferred fro* lysing fungal
•ycelia to an actinotycete, and froa plant
tissues to a fungus groving on the tissues. The
total aaonnt of phosphorus32 and dieldrin
transferred fro* the dcnor fungus to other
•icro-organisas vas lov, but the soil
invertebrates vere able to concentrate
Fhcsphcrns32 presumably through predation.
56%
Separate Determination of Polychlorpinene and DDT
in Hater and in Soil
Klisenko, B.A.; ferblyndova, 1.1.
Bydrobiol. J. (Engl. It ansi. Gidicticl. zh.)
7(1) , 100-102; 1971
SOILS; FRACTIORATIOR; POLT CBLOBfIRE1IB; DDT; IATIR
570
Conversion of DDT to ODD in Soil and the Effect
cf These Compounds on Soil Bicroorganisas
Ko, S.H.; Lockvood, J.I.
Can. J. tlicrobiol.. 1*110), 1069-1073; 1968
CDT; COD; SOILS; BICROOBGJLilSBS
91
-------
571-576
571
Herbicides in the Biosphere
Koch, H.
leded. Pac. Landbouvwet. Fijksuniv. Gent., 36
(3), 1971, 81H-830.
HDHANS; FISH; PFFS; MAHSALS; HATBR; SOUS;
HERBICIDES; BIOSPHERE
572
Degradation of 2-chloro-3- (d-chlorophenyl)
Hethylpropionate (Hethachlorphan frcp) in Sell.
Kocher, H.; Lingens, P.; Koch, ».; Abtcilung fur
Mikrobiologie and HOlekularbiolOti.ie, ITniversitat
Hohenheim, Stuttgart, German Federal Republic
Part of Proceedings of 11th British Reed Control
Conference, 2, (f. 811-817); 1972
HETHACHLOKPHEHPROP; SOILS; HYDROIYSIS;
DEGRADATION; ADTOCLA7ING; ADCITIVES; PSOPIONIC
ACID
In laboratory experiments the hydrolysis of
lethachlcrphencrc; in non-fterilc soil was
coiplete within a fev hours, but did not occur in
autoclaved soil, and the propionic acid
hydrolysis product was 90* degraded vithin 20
days. The degradation was inhibited by
autoclaving and the addition of sodium azide.
573
Chemical Ecology. 58. Transport of
Carbon-14-Labeled Aldrin and Transformation
Products in the Soil
Kohli, J.; Reisgerber, I.; Klein, S.j Inst.
Oekol. Chem., Ges. Stranleii- und Omwtltforsch.
H.B. H., Munich, Germany
Chemosphere
-------
577-584
577
soil Degradation of Halathion, A
Phosphorodithioate Insecticide
Konrad. J.G.; Chesters, G.; Armstrong. D.E.
Soil sci. Soc. Aier. Proc., 33(2). 259-262; 1969
SOILS; DEGRADATION; IUL-ATHI01; INSECTICIDES;
PHOSPHOBODITHICATB INSECTICIDE; ADSOBPTIOI;
HTDBOLTSIS; CABBCN 14; TRACED; PE
Bates of malathion degradation in soils were
related directly to extent of lalatbion
adsorption, suggesting that degradation occurred
by a cheiical lechanisi which was catalyzed by
adsorption. Halathion degradation was rapid (SOD
to 90X in 24 hours depending on the type of soil)
in both sterile and non-sterile soil systems, and
no lag phase occurred prior to degradation. In
aqueous soil-free systems inoculated with a soil
eztractt a lag phase (7 days) occurred, followed
by rapid malathicn loss, likely due to microbail
degradation. Thus in soils, coiplete cheiical
degradation of malathion occurred prior tc
nicrobial adaptation to lalathion. To obtain
information on the pathway and products of
•alathion degradation, cheiical hydrolysis in
soil-free systeas was investigated usitg
liquid:liquid partition techniques with Carbon
14-labeled malathion. Hydrolysis did not occur
in acid systeas (GT pH 2) , was slew at pH 9 (LT
SOX in 20 days) and rapid at pR 11 (GT 99X in 1
day). At pH 9 the hydrolysis resulted in
formation of thiomalic acid and diemthyl
thiophosphoric acid as final products with
accuiulation of diethyl thioialate as an
linkages, in soils both ester linkages are
bydrolyzed, although not at the came rate,
resulting in the accumulation of diethyl
thioialate in soie soils. (8 references)
578
Level of DDT Residues in Soil After Anti-Tick
Treatment of Taiga Foci of Tick-Eorne Incephalitis
Konstantinov, O.K.; Gorchakovskaya, N.N.; Inst.
Polio Virusn. Entsefalitov, F.OSCOW, U5SB
Hed. Parazitol. Farazit. Bolez.(BFPBAB) 1973,
»2(3) 298-304; 1S73
DDT; SOILS; RESIIOES; DDE; METABOLISM; DDE;
TICKS; INSECTS; TAIGA FOCI; ENCEPHALITIS
579
Phytotoxicity and Persistence of Fcur
Thiocarbamates in Five Soil Types
Keren, B.; Foy, C.L.; Ashton, F.
Heed Sci.. 16(2), 172-175; 1968
PHITOTOXICITT; PERSISTENCE; THIOCABBAMATE; SCI1S
Triflmalin into the soil, and thus enhanced its
activity. The leaching of trifluralin and
Oryzalin with or without the surfactants Tronic,
wetting agent ciba, or Triton 1-100, was studied
in soil coluins. In dry soil without
surfactants, leaching cf Trifluralin was less
than that of oryzalin. In wet soil, Trifluralin
leached lore than twice as deep as in dry soil.
The addition of 2X surfactants increased both
depths of water penetration, and herbicide
loveient, especially in dry soil. There was no
direct relation between the ability of the
surfactants to improve water penetration and
their effects on leaching of the 2 herbicides,
suggesting that increased leaching was due to an
effect of the surfactant on the
Eorption-desorption balance, rather than on
iiproved water penetration. The iaproved
•oieient of Trifluralin into the soil as a result
of surfactant action was also supported by a
small-plot experiment in which surfactants
increased the herbicidal activity of Trifluralin,
sprayed pre-eiergence, against foxtail aillet
(SITA8IA ITALICA), sorghui, and redroot pigweed
(AKABANTHOS BETBOFLEXQS).
561
Adsorption, Volatitlity and Migration of
Thiocarbaiate Herbicides in Soil
Koren, B.; Foy, C. I. ; Ashton, F.
Heed Sci., 17(2), 148-53; 1969
ADSO5STION; HIGBATION; THIOCABBAHATE; HERBICIDES;
YC1ATI1IZATION; SOILS
585
Iffect of the Hardness of water and the
Properties of the Soil on the Herbicidal Activity
of 2,»-D Sodium Salt
Korogchenko, T.I.
Agrokhimiya (5) , 1970, 109-112.
«EIDS; SATIH; SC1LS; HERBICIIES; 2
SAIT; WATJB HARtHESS; SODIOH SALT
»-D; SODIHH;
583
fate of Pesticides in the Environment and Problem
cf Residues
lorotkQva, O.A.; Volkov, A.I.; USSR
Zh. vsos. Khim. Obshchest. (ZVKOA6) , 18(5),
552-62; 1973
BEVIES; ORGAHOPROSPRATES; CARBAHATE; PESTICIDES;
BETABOLISB; FATI; RESIDUES; ANIHALS; PLANTS:
HICHCCSGANISSS
580
Leaching cf Trifuralin and Oryzalin in Soil with
Three Surfactants
Koren, E.; Div. feed Ses., Vclcaii Inst. Agric.
Res., Bet Dagan, Israel
weed Sci.(wEESA6) 1972, 20(3), 230-2; 1972
HERBICIDES; LEACHING; SOILS; SDBIACTANTS;
TBIFLORALIM; CBTZALIK; SATEB; SOBIIIOH; FOITAI1
MILLET; SOBGHOH; REIBOOT PIGWIIO
Surfactants imporved the penetraticn of
584
Disappearance and Persistence of Aldrin After 5
Annual Applications
torschgen, L.J.
J. Rildl. Hanag., 35(3), «9«.500; 1971
PESTICIDES: LOAlt; SOILS; DISAPPEARANCE;
INSISTENCE; ALEBIN
93
-------
585-589
S8S
Recommendations cf workshop on Cherts*-!? and
Metabolism of Terminal Residues cf Organochlorine
Compounds
Korte, F.; inst. Oekol. Cham., Schloss
eirlinghcven, Germany
Fate of Festi.ci.des In Envircnment, Godion and
Breach, London, 293-294; 1972
BEVIES; PERSISTENCE; CH10RIHATBD BTOROCARBOHS;
CRGANOCHLORIHES; PESTICIDES: RESIEOES; DDT;
BENEFIT-RISK; EQUATIONS; DEGRADATION; COMTBOI;
ENZYHE INOOCTIOH
The following recommendations were proposed. The
terns chlorinated hydrocarbons or crgatcchlctine
pesticides should be replaced with the cheiical
name for each coipound. The ambiguous ten of
persistence should be replaced tilth the concept
of function tiie rhytha. A break-down product
present in minute quantities should not be placed
under regulatory procedures unless specific
strong reasons exist for so Joins- While inch is
known about soae of these pesticides, very little
is known about others; this lust be considered
when setting tolerance levels. Critical reviews
are needed on specific compounds. Further
research is needed in the areas cf:
crg-anochlo.rine pesticide breakdown in flants, the
troposphere, and the stratosphere; organochlorine
coipound residues in anisal {at, silk, batter,
and cheese; the relation of IDT to the
environment with an eye toward establishing an
acceptable benefit-risk equation for "an and the
environment; control of global cheiical
dispersions; the mode of pesticide actions,
including syn«rgistic and antagonistic effects;
the enzyme induction by chlorinated pesticides.
586
Recent Results of Investigations in Environmental
Chemistry
Korte, r.; Inst. Oekol. Chen., Schloss
Birlinghoven, Geraany
Hadiotracer Stud. Chea. Residues Food Agr., Free.
coab. Panel Res. Coord. ne«t.
-------
590-597
590
Recent Results in Studies on the Fate cf
Chlorinated Insecticides
Korte, F.; Klein, ».; Beisgerber , I.; Raul, B. {
Rueller, >.; Djirsarai. ».: lost. Or?. Chen.,
Bonn Oniv., Bonn, G«r.
Pesticide Symposium. Collection of Papers
Inter-American Conf. Toil col. Occnp. Red., 6th,
7th (260ZAB) 1970. 51-6; 1966
EIDBII; BETABOL1SH; PLABTS: AIIRALS;
OBGABOCHLOBIIE IBSECTICIDIS; IATI; IHSICTICICBS
591
Becent Basalts in Studies OB the rate of
Chlorinated Insecticides
Korte. F.; Klein, B.; Beisgertcr, I.; Kaol, B.;
Naeller, B.; Djirsarai. 1.; Inst. Org. Chen.,
Bonn Oniv., Bonn, Ger.
Pesticide Symposium, Collection of Papers
Inter-Aa«rican Conf. Toxicol. Occop. Bed., 6th,,
7th(260ZAB), 51-56; 1970
BIDETS; HETABOLISH; PI1HTS; ARIHALS;
CRGA»OCHLORI»B IHSECTICIDBS; FATE; INSECTICIDES
and vetch. The eleTated ODD (TDK) levels found
in corn and potato plants, as compared to the
original pesticide preparation, are lost likely
da* to the conversion cf p,p (prime)-DDT into
F,p(pri»e)-DDD in the soil or in the plant.
59»
Distribution of chlororganie Pesticides along a
Soil irofile
Kozhiaova. L. A. ; Girgor'Bva, T.I.; Tnrasova.
0-1.; Bikonova, i-G. ; Inst. Obshch. KouBunal'R.
Gig. IB, Sysina. Hosco*. OSSB
Khie. Sel. Khoz. (KSKZAI) 1972, 10(3) 198 — 201;
1912
PESTICIDES; SOUS; DISTBIBOTIOW; DDT;
BIXACHLOBOCYCLOHEIABE; PCP; POLTCHLOROPIRB«:
CHLOBOBGARIC PESTICIDES; OBGABOCHLOBIBE; SOIL
IBCFItt
DDT, hexachlorocyclohexane, cr PCP
(pclycbloropinene) applied to the soil in
recoaiended doses did not penetrate into the deep
layer of the chernozea or into the ground water
in polluting aaonnts. The chlororganic
pesticides penetrated deeply only into
pod*olic-soddy soil of light aech. composition.
592
Rate of Decomposition and Distribution of
PhenB6dipha» in Soil
Kossaann, K.: Schering A 6 Lat., Berlin
Oniversity, Bergkaaen, Gerian Federal Bepnblic
Weed Bes., 10(1). 3H9-359; 1970
SOGAB BEETS; BETARIl: REBBICItES; EEETS; SOUS;
DECOHPOSITIOH: BoHuS; PBBSIS1EKI
In field and glasshoase expeiiierts, on slightly
acid soils of Ion hOBos content (used for beet
production), the herbicide vas continuously
decomposed, its persistence fceins 28 tc 55 days.
and its penetration only very little beyond 5-CB
depth.
593
Absorption of DDT fro* the Soil, and its
Translocation in Plant Steas and leaves.
Kovaleva, T.S.: Talanov. G.A.; All-Onion Sci.
Bes. Inst. Vet. San it., OSSB
IthiB. Sel. Khoz.. 10(8), 586-589; 1972
DDT; TBAIS1OCATIOR; HBTABOIISR; £TEHS; LEAVES;
FRUITS; POTATOES; COB*; SOGAE BEITS; TOBHIPS;
VETCB; OATS; PLAITS; ADSOBFTIOI; SOILS; BESIDDES;
TDE; DDD
The translocation and aetaboli*B cf DDt *er«
studied in steis, leaves,, and fruits of potato,
corn, sugar bett, cattle turnip, vetch, and cat
plants. The above plants absorbed DDT frou sandy
soils, especially during the July and August
period of intense gronth. Fcllcving the
application of 3 kg of DDT per ha in early June,
the DDT residue levels in coinhUEks, pctato skin,
turnip and sugac beet roots, as uell as in steus
of vetch and oats at harvesting in Septeaber »«r*
0.0»6, 0.026, 0.206, 0.57», 0.1*8, and 0.13E
•g/*9« respectively, to uetabolisi of DDT to CEI
vas observed in corn, beet, turnip, oats, potato.
595
Hygienic Assessment of the Soil and Plants
Treated vith Poly Chlorpinene
Kozhincva. L.A.; Griqor 'Eva, T.I.; Haslennikova,
l.S.
Giq. Sanit. 35(8), 53-56; 1970
EZAIS; POTATOES; BEETS; IWSECTICIDES; SOILS;
P1AWTS; POLTCHLOBOPIKK: PCP
£96
Experimental Data on the penetration of
Rexachloran into Soil
Koxhinova, L. A.; Grigor'Eva, T.I.; Tnrasova,
O.I.; Inst. Obshch. Kouannal'l. Gig. la. Sysina,
Roscoi, OSSB
Gig. Sanit. (GISAAA), 36(11), «7-9; 1971
REIACB10BAI; SOILS; PEIETBATIOI; GBOOID IATEB;
PESTICIDES
Rexachloran dust applied to fertile chernozem
soil at 5 kg/ha penetrated to a depth of 1 a in a
single season, tut 93V of the agrochei. remained
in the surface soil layer (0-10 ca). Only
3. ?-«.«% of the pesticide reached a depth of 25
CB. These results confirmed laboratory tests and
at tk< concentration used hexachloran did not
contaminate ground vater.
597
Distribution of chlor Organic Pesticides
According to Sections of soil
Kozhinova, 1.A.; Grigor'Era. T.I.; Turasova,
C. I. ; likonova. A.G.
Ihiu. Sel'sk. Khoz. 10(3), 36-*1; 1972
DDT; BBC; SOILS; PESTICIDES
95
-------
598-603
598
Herbicide Accumulation in the Soil and its
Effects en Plant Production in Case of Sprinkler
Irrigation with Herbicide-Contaminated Haters
Kraier, D.; Schmaland, G.; Inst. Nasserwirtsch.
Berlin, Berlin, East Germany
Arch. Pflanzenschut2(AVPZAR), 8(H) 323-37; 1972
«ATEF; HERBICICES; P1ANTS; SOUS; IRRIGATION;
SAND; LOAN; CLAY; MO EEL; RESICUES
The increasing use of herbicides produces a greet
number of residual problems. In view of the
herbicides entering watercourses, special
detection lethcds are required fcr the control of
the waters, combination of cheiical and
biological methods seems to ce suitable. It is
doubtful whether the data on the phytotoxicity of
waters obtained by the germinaticn tests which,
for the tile being, are to be performed according
to the standard TGL 22766 lay be transferred at
all. The injuries that may result fro* sprinkling
herbicide contaminated waters were tested in two
field experiments on three soil classes (sand,
loai, clay) and with two herbicide
concentrations. Sprinkler irrigation was applied
to both field corps and grassland. The yields and
ingredients that were obtained in the first test
year (1969) are presented. The d (t) obtained in
the genination and young plant test is not
reliably reproduced under field conditions. If
the sprinkling water contains herbicides in the
concentrations established in these tests, a
certain yield decline will have tc be expected
for susceptible plants, light soils and, highly
absorbant soils and a low yield potential.
Sprinkling the water of watercourses snbsegnently
lowed been treated with chemicals for weed
control does not cause any yield decline, if the
present kind of soil and plants is taken into
account. A comparison of the concentrations
rewelas that differences of effectivltj are to be
expected only in a ratio of 1: greater than 2.7.
The preliminary relationships that were found
between herbicide, soil and plant are discussed
by means of a model. However, final atatments can
only be made on the basis of results that will be
obtained if these experiments ar< continued over
several years.
599
Water-Soil-Plant Interactions with Tertacil
Kratky, B.A.; Barren, G.F.; Dep. Bcrtlc., Purdue
Oni»., Lafayette, Indiana
leed Sci.(»EESA6), 21(5), H51-1; 1573
TERB1CIL; PHTTOTOIICITT; SOILS; HERBICIDES; SOIL
HOISTOBE; BOTHLCHLOBOmTHYUmCII; SOII-*1STI
INTERACTIONS
600
DDT Residues in Soils of the Koscierzyna District
Krecbniak, J.; Dubrawski, R. ; Czarnowski, w. ;
Akad. Had., Gdansk, Poland
Gdansk. Ton. Nauk., Rozpr. »ydz. 3(GTF»AC) 1971
Ho. 8, 65-11; 1971 '
DDI; SOILS; RESIDUES; INSECTICIDES; PODZOL-
HAIP-IIPE; OBGANOCHLOR1NE
Pesidual aiounts of O.Ot-0.12 ppm ware found in
the codzolg of the Koscierzyna District, Polant.
The average half-life for DDT »as 9.1 years.
601
Effects of aeturin on Biological Activity of Soil
Krnglcv, I.V.: Gersh, N.B.; Eey-Biyenko, N.7.;
All-Onion Sci. Res. inst. Agricult. Nicrobiol
OSSP '
Nhia. Sal. Khoz. , 11(<4), 294-296; 1973
S; SOILS; PH; EACTIRIJ; FUNGI; ACCTOBACTER-
HICROOBGASISHS; LOAN; SAND
The effects of « kg/ha doses of meturin were
assessed on the biological activity of sandy
soils with pH 5, and. a total nitrogen content of
0.21-0.23%; and on that of loaay soils with pH
6.3 and a total nitrogen content of 0.2m. 7h«
nuibers of fungi, heterotrophic bacteria, and
acetotacter in both types of soil and of
denitrifying and aerobic celluloytic bacteria in
loamy soils were reduced. The nitrifying
bacteria count and the nitrifying capability of
the soil did not change significantly. Inrertase
and protease activity was reduced and urease
activity intensified; catalase activity did not
change significantly. The results indicate that
•etntin is not toxic tc soil microorganisms.
60!
Detoxication of Simazine by Microscopic Algae
Kroglcv, I.V.; Paromenskaya, L.N.
Bicrcbiology (Engl. Transl. nikrobiologiya)
39(1), 139-1*12; 1970
SOILS; ALGAB; DETOXIFICATION; SIMAZINE
€03
Aldrin and Lindane Residues in Soil after
Application In Hixtnres with Superphosphate.
Kriymanska, J.; Hackievicz, S.
Bill. Inst. Ochr. Bos1 in. No. US, 109-114; 1969
A1DRI*; LINDINE; RESIDUES; SOILS;
BIIACHIOROBEKENE; CKSIICIDES
Two years after broadcasting onto the soil
surface, 17* of the lindane applied occurred in
the tcp 10 cm of soil and 171 in the 10-20 cm
layer. The corresponding figures for aldrin were
301 and 36%.
96
-------
604-607
60 «
Ton at ion and Importance of Carbamate Insecticide
Metabolites as Terminal Residues
Ruhr, B.J.; Dep. Entomol., HIV ictk State Agile.
Exp. Stn., Geneva, N. T.
Part of Pesticides Terminal Residues,
International Symposium, 1971 (p. 199-220); 1971
REVIEW; C1RBAHATES; INSECTICIDES; HETABOLISH;
METABOLITES; HUMANS; MANUALS; IMSECTS; PLANTS;
TERMINAL
1 review and discussion of the metabolism of
car bam at es in Ian, mammals, insects, and plants;
degradation of catbaiates by soil and light, and
the toxicity of carbamate metabolites in human
and mammalian systeis. (113 references)
605
DDT Residues in Sail, Water, and Fauna from Ke«
York Apple Orchards
Ruhr, R.J.; Davis, A.C.; Bourk, J.B.
Pesticides Monitoring Journal, 7(3/4), 200-204;
197ft, (larch
APPLE ORCHARDS; EOT; RESIDUES; METABOLITES; DDE;
ODD; DICOFOL; TREES; ORCHARDS; STRIAMS;
STREAM-BOTTOM HDE; ANIMALS; RATER; SORBS; SLOGS;
SNAILS; TADPOLES; FINQEBLINGS FISH; FROGS
Five commercial apple orchards which had not been
sprayed extensively with DDT since approximately
1960 were surveyed in 1972 fcr residues of DDT
and its metabolites. In addition to the parent
compound DDE and ODD were almost always
recovered, but DO dicofol was detected in any
soil sample. Total residues in the to; 6-in.
soil layer under neath the trees ranged frcm 21.8
to 259 Ib/acre. Between the tows of trees the
levels were considerably lever; they ranged from
7.3 to 76.5 lb/6-in. acre, in one heavily
contaminated orchard, researchers also analyzed
stream water, stream-bottom mud, aid animals.
Very low amounts of DDT (0.32 ppr) and ODD (0.042
ppb) were found in the water, and residues in
stream-bottom mud totaled less than 1 ppm.
norms slugs, snails, tadpoles, fingerlings fish,
and frogs all contained DDT, DDE, and EDO.
607
Pesticides in the Soil
Knnatsuka. S.; Nagoya Oniv., Nagoya, Japan
Kagaku Kogyo (RAKOAY) , 23(11), 1489-96; 1972
REVIEW.; AG80CRERISTRT; SOILS; PESTICIDES:
HOKHINT; ADSORPTION; DEGRADATION;
CBGANCIROSPHATES; BALF-LIFE; PABATBION;
EIMEIBOATE; DIAZIHON; HERBICIDES; PH; LIHDiNEj
WATEB; DDT; ALFALFA; CREATION; PCP; RICE;
F1EDIES; CARBON; RISIDOES
General chemical pollution, movement, adsorption
in the soil, and residue and degradation
processes are reviewed. ID Japan the duration of
chemical residue in the soil is relatively short
because of high humidity and warm temperature;
crgancphcsphate residues decompose rapidly and
usually disappear within several months. The half
life of parathion is six days, or a 67% decreases
in 17 days; the half life of dimethoate is two
and a half days; that of diazinon is 20-80 dyas
cr in some cases less than 17 days. The
degradation period for most herbicides is one to
twc mcnths and depends on soil conditions, water
content, temperature, and ph, gamma-bhc (lindane)
decomposes 30* in six weeks with a water content
cf 60-80%; in 100* water almost no residue is
found in six weeks. Seventy-five percent of DDT
remains for more than six months under an aerobic
conditions. The addition of 1% alfalfa or
creation of an anaerobic condition reduces DDT to
1% in 12 weeks. The half-life of PCP in a wet
rice paddy is 12 days to several months; in soil
with extremely limited carbon content almost no
pciticn is degraded in 50 days. If soil is
disinfected completely, residues will not be
degraded. Bacteria and soil and the chemical
ptcc«ss of residue degradation are briefly
reviewed.
606
DDT Residues in a Vineyard Soil After 24 Tears of
Exposure
Ruhr, B.J.; Davis, A.C.; Taschenterg, I.F.; Cep.
Entomol., New Tork State Agric. Exf. Stn.,
Geneva, N. T.
Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. (EECTA6), 8(6),
329-33; 1972
DDT; VINEYARDS; SOILS; GRAPHS; DED; DEGRADATION;
RESIDUES
Analytical data indicated that mcst of the DDT
residues were confined to the top 3-inch layer,
that about half the DDT applied ever a 6-year
period was not recovered from the soil, that
two-thirds of the DDT applied over a 11-year
period was not recovered form the scil, and that
the only degradation product present was DDE.
97
-------
608-614
608
Reactions of Picloras and 2,4-D vith
Nontmorillonite Clare and Soils
Kuo, E.G.; Oregon State Oniv., Ccrvallis, Or eg.
Thesis, Oregon Stake University. Ccrvallis,
Oregon Unit, Microfilm, Inn Arbor, Nich., Order
No. 73-21,315; 1973
PICLCRAH; CHLOROPHENOXYACmTE; SCILS; 8EACII01IS;
HONTHORILLONITI; MOBILITY: ABSORPTION; 2,
-------
615
Bicrobial Metabolism of Dinitramine
Laanio, T.L.; Kearney, P.C.; Kantian, t.D.
Pest. Biochem. physiol. 3(3), 271-277; 1973
DINITRODIAMINE; CIHITROANILIRES; HERBICIDES;
SOILS; NICROOSGASISBS; BZTABOLISR
€16
Further Studies of the Fate cf Aldicarb in Soil
LaBull, E.L.; Stokes, R.A.; Copp«dg«, J,R.;
Bi&gevay, B.L.
J. Econ. Entoiol., 63(«) , 1263-1285; 1970
ALDICABB; SAND; LOAH; CLAI; SOILS; FATH;
HALF-LIFE; OXIDATIOH; SOLPOXIDE; SOL PONE;
VOLATILIZATION; IVAPORATIOH; SATIR; C01TOH FIELD
Laboratory studies were made to determine the
fate of 14-C-labeled aldicart in sand, loam, clay
and milch soils maintained at different moisture
levels of 0, 50 and 100* of field capacity and at
EH values of 6, 7 and 8. For the most part, no
important differences could te attributed tc pB
vithin the range used. Aldicarb was relatively
stable in all dry soils, in sand at all moisture
levels and in loam with 50X loisntre; the
half-life of all toxic compounds exceeded 56
days. A moisture level of 501 vas optimum for
the oxidation of aloicarb to its tcxic sulfcxide
and sulfone derivatives in loam, clay and much
and a moisture level of 100K caused a
substantially faster rate of decomposition to
nontoxic products in the same soils, other
laboratory studies with 35-S-lab«led aldicarb
demonstrated that the volatilization of aldicarb
and it derivatives was influenced greatly by sell
moisture; as the rate of the evaporation of vater
increased, so did volatilization cf radioactivity
from treated soil. Field studies vere conducted
with loai and sandy soils that vere treated with
35-S-labeled aldicart, confined in packets made
of stainless-steel screen and buried in a cotton
field, where they vere exposed tc wet cr dry
conditions. Onder extremely wet conditions, all
radioactivity vas lost from the packets in a
matter of hoars. Ondar dry conditions, the
half-lives of the toxic compounds were 1 day in
sand and 4 to 7 days in loa*. (9 references)
617
Role of Light in the Phytotoxicity of soil
Herbicides
Ladonin, V.F.; USSR
Tr. vses. Nauch.-Issled. Inst. Odotr.
Agtopochvoved. (TVUAAG) 1971, Ro. 51, 207-19; 1971
HERBICIDES; PEAS; INHIBITION LIGHT: PBO?»ZI»!;
PTRABIN; PHTTOTOXICITT
615-622
61S
Bo»elent of Toxaphene and Fluometoron Through
tunbar Soil to Underlying Ground Vater
lafleur, K.S.; flojeck, G.A.; RcCaskill, B.8.;
South Carolina Agric. F,xp. Stn., Clemson Oniv..
Clemscn, S. C.
J. Environ. Qual. (JEVQAA) 1973, 2<») 515-18; 1973
T01APHINB: FLUOBKTOHOH: SOUS: PESTICIDES: GHOOHD
«ATEF; TOPSOILJ PERSISTIIICI; BOVEB.ENT
Toxaphene and fluomethnron were applied at 100
and «C kg/ha, respectively, to topsoil. loss
fro soil and accumulation in the underling
ground water were monitored for 1 year.
Toxaphene loss from topsoil occurred in 2 stages.
The second (major) stage vas crudely linear on
log residue ?s. log time plot. The half
residence time vas less than 100 days.
Fluometuron loss froi topsoil occurred in 1
continuous crudely linear episode. The
hair-residence tiie was less than 120 days. Both
compunds. were found in the underlying ground
Hater Hithin 2 months after application, and
persisted in the ground water during the entire
year.
620
Determination of Organochlori.no Insecticide
Besidues in Market vegetables by Thin Layer
Chromatography Using a Hultiband Plate for Clean
Up
Lakshminarayana, ?.; Nenon, F.K.
J Food Sci Technol, 6(a), 272-27U; 1969
ALDRIN; DOT; ENDS ID; LINDAHE; CHLORDANB:
HESTACHIOR; I»SFCTICIDIS; RISIDOBS; VEGETABLES;
THIH LATEB CHROMATOGBAPRT; ORGANOCHLORINE;
INSECTICIDES
621
Sole Factors Affecting Degradation of
Organchlotina Pesticides by Eacteria
langlois, B.E. ; Collins. J.A.; Sides, K.G.
J Dairy Sci, 53(12), 1671-1675; 1970
EOT; DIELDRIN; HEPTACHLOR; DEGRADATION;
CBGARCCHLORIRE PESTICICES;; PESTICIDES
€2!
Iffect of Chlorinated Aliphatic-lcids on Gas and
Volatile Fatty-Acid Production in Anaerobic Soil
lasKonsXi, D.&.; Btoadtent, T.E.
Soil Sci Soc A«er Proc 3« (1). 1970 72-76.
PESTICIDES; DEGRADATION; GAS CHROHATOGRHPHT; GAS;
MTT1 ACID; SOILS
618
Fluometuron Soil Solvent Interactions
Lafleur, K.S.
Soil Sci, 116(5), 376-381; 1973
HERBICIDES; CHEMICAL STRDCT08E; ABSORPTION;
DESOHPTION; FLOOBET08ON; SOILS
99
-------
623-628
623
Chlorinated Insecticide Residues in Wildlife and
Soil as a function of Distance ftoi Application
Laubscher, J. \. ; Dutt, G.R.; Foal, C.C. ; Coll.
Agric. , Oniv. Arizona, Tucson, Atiz.
Pestie. Monit. J.(PIBJAA) 1971, £(3) 251-8; 1971
CHIOBIUATED IHSECTICIDES ; BILDIIPE; SOILS; DDT;
INSECTICIDES
Chlorinated insecticide residue levels in the
soil and wildlife dcvnvind frcm an application
area decrease as the distance frci the area of
application increases. The residue levels of CDT
and its metabolites were 3.6-670C ppb in the
soil, 6-929 ppb in the whitefooted louse
(PBSOHYSCOS SPECIES), and 2.9-2770 ppb in other
animals. DDT residue levels in ticlogicil
specimens declined as the soil insecticide
concentrations declined.
621
Diffusion of 3 Chloro S-Triazinee in Soil
Lavy, T. 1.
Weed sci, 18(1) , 1970 53-56
HERBICIDES; DIFFOSIOH; CBLORO S~; SOILS; THIAZIHES
EIRBICIDES; DOST COHTHOL; INDUSTRIAL WASTE
TREATMENT; PACKING; DDT; ALDRIH; DIEIDRIN-
CHIOFmN: HAUTHION; LIQUID WASTE DISPOSAL-
TOIAPHESE; DISDirOTON; PRORATE; PARATHION''nETHYt
FAKATHION; CARBART1; TEMIK; 2.U-D; 2,l»,5-T
TRAZIKE; TRIFLURALIN; HITHANI; CAPTAN
The study surveys and evaluates the environmental
pollution potential associated with the
• anufacture, fornulaticn, and marketing of
pesticides, including such related activities as
packaging, transportation and warehousing, i.e
all ct the operations up to the point where a ''
pesticide is placed in the hand of the normal
consumer. The topics include the following:
histcry; present production volumes and sites-
modern manufacturing methods; formulation of '
pesticides; and larketing.
627
Says and Means to Influence the Activity and the
Persistence of Triazine Herbicides in Soils
Le Baron, H.H.
Part of Gunther, F. A. (Ed.). Residue Reviews
vol. 32. Triazine Herbicides. Symposium.
Springer-Verlag: Hew lork, N.Y.; Heidelberg.
Hest Germany. 1970 (p. 311-353) U13p. ; 1970
PERSISTENCE; TRIAZIHE; HERBICIDES; SOILS
625
Degradation of 2,«-D and Atrazine at Three Sell
Depths in the Field
Lavy, T. 1.; Roeth, F.W. ; F«n«ter, C.R.
J. Environ. Qual. (JEVOAA) , 2(1), 132-7; 1973
CHLOBOPHEHOXTACITATE; ATBAZIHE; SOUS;
HERBICIDES; DEGRADATION; 2,4-0
Under ordinary field conditions, 2,4-0 dissipated
within a growing season, even if it leached to a
depth of 90 cm, whereas atrazin* degraded below
the plow layer at a slower rate than it did
hearer to the soil surface. Degradation of 2,4-D
stored in field pits at 15-, UO-, and 90-CH
depths was rapid under aerobic sell conditions.
Bates of atrazinc degradation decreased with
increasing soil depths. In a sllty clay loai,
phvtotoxic amounts of atrazinc dissipated during
the first 5 sooths at the 15-ci depth, and daring
the first 17 months at the WO-cm dpeth. Atrazine
treated samples burled at 90 cm in the saie
profile contained phytotoxic amounts. Of
atraiine after 41 mohths, as shown by a soybean
bioassay and gas chroiatography.
626
The Foliation Potential in Pesticide Manufacturing
Lawless, E.D.; 'on, R.; Ferguson, T.L. ; Hid west
Research last., Kansas city, BO
Tech. Studies Retort; Pesticides Study Series Ho.
5.; Contract Bf»-69-oi-0142s Honltoring Igency
Bept. Ho. BPl-OSP-TS-OO-72-04: Proj. HBI-3556-C;
276 p.; 1972, June
PESTICIDES; IKDDSTBT; AIR; M1IB; flAMTS;
SYNTHESIS CHEI1ISTRT; HilARDOOS HAIERIAIS; I1ST1
DISPOSAL; IHDOSTBIAl RASTZS; IHStCTICICES;
628
Kinetic and Equilibrium Study of the Adsorption
of Carbaryl and parathion upon Soil organic
Mattel surfaces
Leenbeer, J.A.; Ahlrichs, J.L.; Dep. Agron.,
Purdue Agric. Exp. Stn., Lafayette, Indiana
Soil Sci. Soc. A«er., Proc. (SSSAA8) 1971, 35(5)
700-5; 1971
IBSECTICIDES; ADSORPTION; SOILS; P»H*THIOH;
CARBABTL
Insight into the mechanises cf carbaryl and
parathion adsorption on organic tatter derived
Ircm silty clay loam, silt loam, and muck soils,
was obtained by 2-fold fold kinetic and
equilibrium study of adsorption in nonflow
aqueous systems. The differences in absorptive
characteristics of the various types of organic
matter were small, but changing the saturating
caticn from Ca2+ to H» increased the adsorptive
capacities. Kinetic adsorption studies conducted
at 5, 25 and «0.deg., showed the rate to increase
as the temperature increased, with the magnitude
of the initial rate constent being 10-4 sec-1.
Tbe rate-lisiting step was the diffusion of the
insecticide solute molecules. To the surface of
the adsorbent for the first 10 sin. of
adsorption. At longer times, intraparticle
diffusion of the adsorbate into the interior »t
the adsorbent particle was rate limiting.
100
-------
629-633
629
Quantitative Description of Pesticide Persistence
and nobility in Soil
Leiatra, N.; Lab. Res. Insectic., lageningen,
Heth.
Heded. Fac. Landbouwwetensch., Rijksnniv. Gent
(HM.BA3), 38(3), -769-7711! 1973
PESTICIDES; SOILS; COHPOTIR HODEI; RODZL:
HERBICIDES; PERSISTENCE; HOBI1ITT; POHI6ANTS;
LEACHING
The simulation of pesticide behavior in soil by
coipotei models is discussed. Redels
illustrating hetbicide persistence in the top
layer, evaporation of a soil fuiigant, and the
leaching of a lobile compound to deeper soil
layers are given.
630
Diffusion and Adsorption of the Ncmaticide
1,3-Dichloropropene in Soil
Leistra, R.; Labcratory for Research on
Insecticides, « a gen in gen, netherlands
Agricultural Research Reports, Bagenin gen, 769,
105 p.; 1972
1.3-tICHLOROPROPBNE; ADSORPTION; SOIL ROISTORE;
FOHIGATION; DimSION; NIHATCCIDIS; ORGANIC
RATTER; SOILS
Soil samples were taken at different depths and
different tiies after application cf cis and
trans 1,3-dichlcropropene in field trials. Ihe
extent of adsorption was roughly proportional to
the soil organic latter content. Differential
equations nere derived for 1 or 2 dimensional
systems to describe diffusion frci which dose
patterns were computed. Of the weather factcrs,
soil lolsture had the greatest icfluence on the
efficiency of fumigation.
631
Diffusion of 1, 3-tichloraproten« for a Plane
Source in Soil
Leistra, H.; Lab. for Research of Insecticides,
Rageningen, Netherlands
Pestic. Sci., 2, 75-79; 1971
1,3-DICHLCROPROPENE; SOILS; IEHAIOCIDES;
DISTRIBUTION; CIFPOSION; EQDATIOHS
Equations are presented for the distribution of
cis-and trans-1,3-dichloropropene in soils
following plough- and surface blad«-in jecticn.
632
Distribution of 1,3-Dichloropropene Over the
Chases in Soil
leistra, R.
J Agr Food Chei 18 (6). 1124-1126.; 1970
GAS CHSORATOGRAPHl; RAIHEHATICAL HODIL;
FUSIGAflS; GAS; SOILS; 1,3-CJ.CBLOROPROPENB;
BDBOS SAND; PEATT SAID; WATER; PEAT
The distribution of cis- and trans- 1,
3-dichloroprop«ne in the phases in soil vas
determined in order to obtain data for
mathematical models describing the movement of
these fuiigants in soil. Heasnresents were mads
en a homos sand, a peaty sand and a peat at 2
degrees, 11 degrees and 20 degrees C.
Concentrations in the vapour and water phases
were measured by gas chromatographj. From, these
results, the amount absorbed was calculated. The
adsorption isotherms appeared to be linear in the
important concentration range. The trans-iiomer
was adsorbed considerably more strongly than the
cie- isoeer was. The adsorption coefficients vere
proportional to the organic-latter content of the
soil. The amount adsorbed at a particular
concentration in the vapour phase at 2 degrees c
was about 3 times higher than the Mount adsorbed
at 20 degries.
633
Computation Models for the Transport of
Pesticides in Soil
Leistra, H.; Lab for Insecticides Research,
Netherlands
Kecidue Reviews, «9, 87-131; 1973
TRANSPORT; SOILS; PESTICIDES; RETIK8; HODEL;
ItAlnlEATICAL HODEL
The possibilities for employing computation
models in the quantitative study of pesticide
transport in soil are surveyed. Instances of
their use in research on pesticides and soie
other substances are discussed. Differential
equations formulated with varying degrees of
generalization utilize characteristics applicable
to the pesticides-in-soil system. The nature of
casic data available fcr a quantitative approach
is briefly discussed, with reference to lore
detailed reviews in the case of each subject.
Emphasis is on chroiatcgraphic transport of
pesticides with the liquid phase in soil. (52
tefs)
101
-------
634-640
630
Nicrometaerologies} Measurement cf Pesticide
Taper Plur froi Bare. Soil and Cetn under Field
conditions
Lemon, G.R.; Parmele, L.H.; Taylor, A.«.
Water Air Soil Pollut., 1(«), «33-«51; 1972
rOTENENT; DIELEHIS; HIPTACHLCB; V1EOR;
WATERSHEDS; KATIE; COBN; PISTICItBS
Micrometeorological estimates of
evapotranspiration using hourly data were
successfully applied in an evaluation cf the
lovemeat of dieldrin and heptachlot vapor (to* a
watershed treated with each compound at 5.6 kg/ha
(disced in) . Diifusivity coefficients were
assumed identical for water and pesticide, since
they depend on the atmosphere intc which each is
dissipated and not on the chemical character of
the compound. The pesticide flax intensity was
calculated by measuring pesticide concentration
profiles and considering the above assuipticn.
It later stages cf crop development the approach
was modified since water vapcrs were released
froa both crops and soil while pesticide residue
Tapors originated in the soil. The overall flux
rate of dieldrin increased fros near 0 in the
sorning to about 200 ng ci 2S (-1) X 10 (-6) at
noon and then decreased toward zero in the
evening. The data suggests that nc net
condensation or evaporation of pesticide occurs
from the crop. Pesticide residue in the corn «as
about 1 to 2* of the total pesticide flux out cf
the soil between planting and harvest. Siiilar
results were obtained with h«ptachlor. Corn
leaves 30 • downwind fros the treated plot
accumulated 5 to 10S of the residues found on
plants within the treated area.
635
Mercury in the Environment. A Gletal Review
Including Decent Studies in the Delaware Bay
Region
leppl*. r.K.; Delaware Oniv., Newark, coll. of
Marine Studies
Report No. DEL-SG-8-73; nonitoring Agency Bept.
Ho. NOAA-730H0201; Contract IOAA-3-3S223; 76 p.;
1973, March
REVIEW; MERCURY POISONING; HERCORY; ANALYSIS;
SEDIMENTS; SOILS; COAL; PIOX BATI; SAMILING;
WATER; ANIMALS; AIR; TOLERANCE LIMITS;
ATMOSPHERE; BIOSPHERE; LITHOSPHEBE; HYDROSPHERE;
FLOX
The first section of this two-part report reviews
basic properties of sercory and its compounds as
related to their effect on various facets of the
•nvironaent. Asong the topics discussed are the
chemical fores and hazards of mercury, incidents
of mercury contaiination, governmental standards
and tolerance limits, levels of mercury in the
atmosphere, biosphere, lithospbere and
hydrosphere, and the flax through each segment.
The reality of the 'mercury problem* globally and
locally is evaluated. A comprehensive review cf
the accepted methods of analyses for mercury and
its compounds is also presented. The second
section reports en recent stadias of mercury
levels in the Delaware Bay Region and compares
the concentrations found in the waters and
sediment* to values from other areas.
636
Movement of Pesticides in Soil
Letey, J-; Farmer, W.J.
Fart cf Suengi, H.D. (Ed.), Pesticides in soil
and Water, Madison, WI, American Society of
Agroncty, p. 67-98; 197
-------
641-647
611
Atrazine Hydrolysis as Catalyzed by Humic Acid*
Li, G.C.; Pelbeck, S.T.; Univeristy of Rhode
Island, Kingston
Soil Science, 11»<3), 201-209j 1 «72
ATRAZINB; HYDROLYSIS; HDHIC ACIDS; HALJ-LIPI; PH;
ACTIVATIOS EHEP.GY; PESTICIDE
The effects of hydrogen ion, buffer-ion (acetate)
and humic acid on the hydrolysis of atrazine in
aqueous solution were studied, results indicated
that half-life values were least at Ion pH valges
and increased with increasing pH. Both humic acid
and acetate buffer-ion reduced the energy barrier
(Arrhenius1 activation energy) fcr atrazine
hydrolysis, probably because of the formation of
H-bonding betveen huiic acid and atrazine, and
between non-ionized buffer-ion and the atrazine
•olecule. Based on Arrheniuc' frequency factor,
it vas suggested that
-------
648-653
648
Effect of Sterilizing Agents on Persistence of
Parathion and Diazinon in Soils and Water
Lichtenstein, E.F.; Tuureiann, T.W.; Schulz, K.E.
J. Agr. Food Che«. , 16(5), 870-813; 1968
PEBSISTENCE; PABATHION; DIAZINON; SOIL!; WATER;
STEEILIZING AGENTS
649
Persistence and vertical Distribution ef DDT,
Lindane, and Aldrin Residues 10 and 15 Tears
After a Single Soil Application
Lichtenstein, E.P.; Puhreiann. T.S.; Schulz.
K.R.; Wisconsin University, Hadison, »i
J Agric Food Chei 19 (U) . 1971 718-721.; 1971
' HOUSE FLT; POOD; CHOPS; DICOfOL; DIE;
PHOTODIEIDHIN; INSECTICIDES; SI1T 10*8; DOT;
ALDBIN; LINDANE; DIIIDBIH
In field experiments a Hiaii silt loai vas
treated with DDT (85* p.p'-DCT + 15* o, p'-DDT)
oc lindane at 10 and 100 Ib/acre and vith aldrin
at 2 and 20 Ib/acre anil a Carringtcn silt Icai
vas treated vith DDT or aldrin at 4 Ib/acre. 15
years after the application ef Dtl at 10 or 100
Ib/acre. 18 and 21*. respectively of the applied
dosages vere present in the top £ inchc of soil
in the for* of p,p'-DDT, o,p'-DDT and p/p'-DDE.
Dde vas the lajor metabolite but dicofcl vas alsc
detected. 5.8* of the aldrin applied at 20
Ib/acra vas recovered lainly as Jieldrin but
photodieldrin (0.2* of applied dcsage) vas alsc
detected. Only 0.2V of the lindane applied at 10
and 100 It recovered after 15 years. Although the
insecticides vere noticed in to a depth of 5
inches, the 6-9 inch soil layer 10 years later
contained about 30 and 18* of the total DDT and
aldrin residues recovered, respectively.
650
Effects of Field Application Bet hods on the
Persistence and Hetabolisi of Phctate in Sells
and its Translocation into Crops
Lichtenstein, E.P.; Fnhreiann, T.W.; Schulz,
K.R.; Liang, T.T.; Dep. Entoiol., Oniv.
Wisconsin, Bad!son, wi
J. Econ. EntOBOl. (JFEHAI) , 66(«), 863-«; 1973
PHORATE; RESIDUES; SOILS; COBN; CARROTS;
INSECTICIDES; ORGAMOPHOSPHATES; CROPS;
TRANSLOCATION; HETABOLISH; APPLICATION;
PERSISTENCE; POTATOES; PROBATE SOLFOHE
Within 6 days after • soil surface application of
phorate (10 Ig/acre), only half ef the applied
dosage could b« detected in the soil, vherea* 30
days »«re required for the saie aaoant of phor«t<
to be reioved froi the soil toileting (berate
incorporation into the upper 4-5 inches of soil.
Ho pborate residues vere detected in potatoes
grovn in these soils, bat phorate sulfone vaa
detected in corn silage (0.03-0.13 ppi) and
carrots (0.01-0.50 ppi) over 2 groving seasons.
651
Effects of a Cover Crop Versus Soil Cultivation
on the Pate and Vertical Distribution of
Insecticide Residues in Soil 7 to 11 Years After
Soil Treatment
tichtsnstein, E. P. ; Schultz, K.R.; Puhreiann,
T.S. ; In to10 logy Departient, Risconsin
University, Madison, Wisconsin
Festic. Honit. J., 5(2), 218-222; 1971
A1CBIS; HEPTACHLOR; REtOCTIOH; INSECTICIDES-
RESIDUES; LOCEHNE; COVEK CHOP; CROPS; VERTICAL
EISTSIEOTICN
Eleven years after the application of aldrin and
heptachlor to the top «-5 inches of soil, soil
cultivation had caused a 76-82* greater reduction
cf insecticide residues than in the
no-cultivation (lucerne) treatment, of the
aldrin-dieldrin residues recovered froi
UDCUltivated soils, 521 vere in the top 2 inches
32* in the 2-4 inch layer and 5* in the 6-9 inch'
layer. Equivalent figures for heptachlor treated
soile tiere 26, 52 and 6.5k respectively.
652
Residues of Aldrin and Heptachlor in Soils and
Iheir Translocation into Various Crops
lichtenstein, E.P. ;• Schulz, K.R.
J. Agr. Food Che*., 13(1), 57-63; 1965
RZSIDOSS; ALDRIH; HBFTACHLOB; SOILS;
TRAHSIOCATION; CHOPS
653
Hoteeent and Fate of Dyfonate in Soils Onder
leaching and and Honleaching Conditions
lichtenstein, E.P.; Schulz, K.R.; Puhreiann,
1.1.; Dep. Entoiol., Dniv. Wisconsin, Madison,
•is.
J. Agr. Food Chei. (JAFCAO) 1972, 20(4) 831-8; 1972
DTPOHATE; SOILS; INSECTICIDES; TRANSPORT;
ORGANOFROSPHATBS; DEGRADATION
Siity and 28* of the 1 He-labeled dyfonate found
in the treated piano silt loai 1 day after its
application vas recovered as iNTAct dyfonate
after 29 and 105 days of incubation,
respectively. The loss of 14C occurred by
volatilization of the ethoxy loiety of the
•olecules after dyfonate degradation in the soil.
The icveient of a pesticide through soil vith
«ater va« soly. -dependent and a function of the
soil type, as indicated by studies in sandy loan.
quartz sand, and plainfield sand. The insecticide
vac also degraded and voved into untreated soil
in the absence of vatet, but to a leaser extent.
104
-------
654-660
654
Movement and Fat* of Dyfonate in soils under
Leaching and Honleaching Condition*
Lichtenstein, B.P.; Schulz, R.8.; Pahremann,
T.R.; Dep. Entoiol., Omiv. Wisconsin, Badison, HI
J. Agr. Pood Chem., (JAPCiO). 20(0), 831-838; 1912
BOVEHENT; FATE; DTFONATB; SOILS; IIACHING;
INSECTICIDES; TBANSPOBT; OBGANOPBOSPHOBOS
INSECTICIDES; CA.BBON 11; TB1CEB
655
Kinetics of Heterogeneous Chemical Reactions. A
Theoretical Model for the Accumulation of
Pesticides in Soil
Lin, S.H.; Eyeing, H.
Proc Nat Acad, S,ci OS» 68 (») . 1971 777-780.
LAPLACE TRANSFORM METHOD; SOILS; MODEL; KI1ETICS;
THBOBBTICAL MODEL; tCCDHOLATION; PESTICIDES
656
2.U-D Diffusion in Saturated Soils: A
Mathematical Theory
Lindstroi, F.T.; Boersaa, L. ; Gardiner, H.
Soil Sci., 106(2). 107-113; 1968
2,
-------
661-666
661
Adsorption of Fluoneturon, Proaetryna, Sencor and
2,
-------
667-670
667
Evaporation of DDT
Lloyd-Jones, C.F.
Nature, 229(5279), 65-66; 1971
VAPOB PRESSURE; GASEOUS DIFFUSION COEFFICIENT;
STILL AIR LATER; RAEIOASSAYS; RAEIOACTIVITY;
CHOPS; CARBON 14; VOLATI1IZAIIOH
The evaporation rate of the unifcrmly
ring-labeled 14-C-DDT was investigated and
compared to the calculated rates. Calculating the
rate froi the relation between the taper
pressure, the gaseous diffusion coefficient and
the still air layer thickness, DET should
evaporate at the rate of 0.003 mcg/sq cm/hr at 20
degrees C and at 0.002 mCg/sq cm/hr at 5 degrees
C. Another method of calculating the rate using
the relation between the rat< cf less, the
product of vapor pressure and the square root of
the molecular weight results in a rate of 0.002
•Cg/sq cm/hi. The labeled DDT (0. E mCg/sq CM)
was applied in ethanol to 3.8-sq cm aluminum
planchets. During 53 days in a well-ventilated
room away from direct sunlight, radioassays
revealed that the counts steadily decreased frcm
the initial value of about 180 tc 10 cis. Shen
•aintained outdoors in a Stevenson's screen for
43 days when the average maximum and minimum
teiperatures vere 7.0 and 1.3 degrees C, the
count declined froi 200 to 80 CPS. The lean
rates of loss in these two experiments were 0.002
•Cq/sq ci/hr and 0.0003 mCg/sq ci/hr,
respectively. The saie amount of DDT was placed
in enamelled metal dishes and exposed
continuously to blowing air (aboot 10 iph) for 14
days. Recoveries were between 26 and 33% of the
control, equivalent to 0.001 mCq/sq cm/hr. A
fourth experiment designed to recover the
volatilized radioactivity, revealed that inverted
untreated planchets acquired radioactivity with a
•ean count of 20 CPS after 14 days at 20 degrees
C. The experimentally determined evaporation
rates, in good agreement with the calcualted
values, are equal to about 2 Ib/acre/yr in the
summer and about 0.3 Ib/acre/yr in the winter.
About 1/2 of the DDT applied to field crops may
enter the atmosphere. (8 references)
666
netabolism of Phenoxy Herbicides by Plants and
Soil Micro-Organisms
Loos, M.A.; Dep. Nicrobiol. Plant Pathol., Dniv.
Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
Part of Pesticide Terminal Residues,
International Symp., 1971 (291-304); 1971
RETIEH; HERBICIEIS; METABOLISM; PHENOXY ALKANOIC
ACIDS; PLANTS; SOILS; MICROORGANISMS
A review and discussion with 116 references of
the metabolism of phenoxyalkaooic acids by plants
and soil microorganisms.
669
Hotilitation by Water of 14-C-DDT Retained by
Homoionic Clays
Lopez-Gonzalez, J. D.; Gonzalez, G.c.
Anales Quim., 66(3), 271-82; 1970
PESTICIDES; DDT; RAIH TALL; IRRIGATIOH BATEEJ
CLAI; EENTONITE; KAOLIN; SEPIOLITE; VERMICOLITE;
«ERC« SILICA Gil; ETHANOL; BENZENE; SATES BATH;
LEACBIHG; SOLUBILITY; TRANSFORMATION
The retention of pesticides (in particular, DDT)
by soil mineral constituents was investigated
with emphasis on the problem of how rain and
irrigation water might mobilize pesticide
molecules, displacing them to greater depths or
reiovinq them from the cultivation medium.
Natural clays (150-microgram particle size) and
their corresponding laboratory-prepared acidic
and calcic homoionic forms were tested. The
clays were: bentonite, kaolin, sepiolite,
veiiiculite and Merck silica gel. Their cation
exchange and specific surface values are
tabulated. The labeled P,P«-DDT was obtained
commercially and recrystallized several times in
ethancl. It was calculated that 1 mg P,P'-DDT
will cover about 2.46 sq miles of soil. One
grade of each of the test clays received a volume
of QCT previously calculated from a benzene
solution of 14-C-DCT with a specific activity of
49.02 mCCi/g and of a known concentration. The
quantities of DDT added to bentonite, kaolin,
sepiolite, vermiculite and mere* silica gel were
16.04, 2.35, 57.84, 6.29 and 59.23 mg,
respectively. Benzene was evaporated from all
the {samples in a water bath (40 degrees C),
agitating the system for the best distribution of
the CtT on the clay surfaces. The ten
intermediate extraction steps are detailed. The
radiochemical procedure previously reported was
used in the subsequent analysis. The results
showed that the amount of DOT recovered from the
several clay samples depended mainly on three
factors: 1) the leaching of DDT jointly with
some collodial fraction in the clay, 2) an
increase in the solubility of DDT caused by the
presence of inorganic ions (a sjrnergistic
effect), and 3) the transformation of DDT into
cthet substances of higher solubility (DDE and
TDI) . The leaching of DDT from homoionic calcic
clays appeared to occur more readily than from
homoionic acidic ones. The results for each
individual clay are graphically presented. (26
references)
67C
Isolation of Microorganisms from a Texas Soil
Capatle of Degrading Urea Derivative Herbicides
topez, C.E.; Kirkwood, J.I.; Sch. Agric., A. and
«. Dniv., Prairie View, TX
Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. , Proc. , 38(2), 309-312; 1914
SOILS; HBRBICIDBS; MICEOORGANISKS; OREA; KONDRON;
DIgRCH; DEGRADATION
107
-------
671-674
671
Accumulation of Siiazlne in Mulch Residue Onder
Apple Trees and Its Effect on Apple Rootstocks
and soil Micro-organisms.
Lord, ». J.; Gunner, H.B.; Rotinscn, 0. E.;
University of Massachusetts, Aiherst
Horticultural Science, 5(4), 261-262; 1970
SINAZINE; HDLCH; SOUS; BACTIRIA; FUNGI;
MICROORGANISMS; ACTINOMYCETE S; PERSISTENCE;
TREES; APPLE TRIES; PLANTS; RESIDUES
Mulch and soil saaples were collected froi a
block of apple trees which had been treated with
hay lulch or nonperforated black polyethylene
•ulch, 3.2 Ib of 4* granular (5) siaazine/acie or
3.2 Ib of SOU vettable powder (HF) simazine/acre
only or hay mulch or plastic mulch plus 3.2 Ib of
6 ot HP simazine. Host of the siiazine remained
in the mulch layer and nniulched soil contained
•ore siaazine than did lulched soil. Eoth HP and
G formulations in the presence of hay lulch had
little effect on the sicrobial ccunts. The
nuiber of bacteria, fungi and actlnoiycetes in G
siiazine treated soil increased in the spring but
the stimulating effect did not persist till
autumn.
672
Persistence and Hoveient of Piclctai and 2,4,5-T
(2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic Acid) in Soils
Lutz, J.F.; Byers, G.E.; Sheets, T.J.; Horth
Carolina State Oniv., Raleigb, RC
J. Environ. Qual.a(JETQAA), 2(4), 485-8: 1973
SOILS; PICLOBAH; TRICHLOROFHEHOXTACETilE;
HERBICIDES; LEACHING; RATER; WATERSHEDS; 2,4,5-T;
PENETRATION; PERSISTENCE; RATE; BOflBEHT
When applied to a watershed at 2.24 kg/ha,
ficloram was tore persistent than was 2,4,5-T.
Approxisately 60)! of the pic 1 oral and 90* of the
2.4,5-T disappeared in 15 days, there was soie
penetration into the soil, but a ?ery high
percentage of the total amount present was in the
0-7.5-0 layer. Doubling the application rate
resulted in a 2-4 fold increase in the amount of
herbicide recovered, very little dcwnslope
movement occurred, even though the average slope
of the plots was approximately 27«. Bore picloram
than 2,4,5-T aoved.
673
Role of Photo Sensitizers in Alteration of
Pesticide Residues in San Light
lykken, I.
Part of HatBUiora, Fnaio, 6. Hal lory Boush and
Tomomasa Hiaato (Ed.). Environiental Toxicology
of Pesticides. Proceedings of a United
States-Japan seainar. Oiso, Japan, October, 1971.
Academic Press: New York. N.Y., O.S.A.; London,
England, (p. 449-469) 637 p. j 1972
IHOTO SBHSITIZEBS; PESTICIDES; RESIDUES; SO* LIGHT
674
Chemical Control of Pests
Lykken, L. ; Division of Entoiiology and
Oniversity of California, Berkeley. CA
Part of Giddings, J. C. (Ed.), Nonroe, N.B. (Ed
Our Chemical Environment, Canfield Press, San
Francisco, CA (p. 165-72) 367 p.; 197
197
INSECTICIDES; PESTICIDES; ARSENIC; ARSENICALS-
COFPEB; flERCORT; HOTENONE; PYRETHR0N; CHLORINATED
HYDROCARBONS; DDT; BEHZEKE HIXACHLOHIDE-
TOIAFHB»E; ALDRIN; HEREICIDES; NEW ATOCIBES •
FDNGICIDES; PERSISTENCE; TETRABTHYL '
PYBOJHOSPHATE; TEPP; PAFATHION; ENDRIN;
HISTORICAL TRENDS; MALATHION; LEAD ARSENATE-
METHOXYCHLOR; PIPERONLY BDTOXIDE; MALARIA- YIRAL
ENCEFHALITIS; ROCKY MOUNTAIN FEVER; TDLAREHIA-
VOLATILITY; HYDROLYSIS; PHOTODEGRA DATION •
OXIDATIOM METABOLISH; SOLOBILITY; RESIDUES'
BISDS; EGGSHELL THICKNISS; FISH; FOOD CHAINS-
DEGRADATION; BIODEGRAD ATION ; FATE; HEALTH
RA2ARCS; FOOD; FEEDS; CARCINOGENS; CHOLERA-
ORGANOPHOSPHATES
This is a summary of pesticides, their usages,
benefits, persistence, and some hazards
associated with them. On til the late 1940's
arsenicals, compounds of copper and mercury, and
some plant derived aaterials (rotenone,
pytethcui) were used as pesticides. Beginning in
the late 1940's chlorinated hydrocarbons took
over; soiewhat later. herbicides were developed.
These new pesticides have been economical and
effective. They often give an inpresive increase
in crop yield and quality , thus decreasing unit
production costs and conserving labor and plant
nutrients. In some areas several insect-borne
diseases (malaria, viral encephalitis, cholera,
Rocky Mountain fever, tulareiia) have been lore
or less controlled lainly by the use of
persistent insecticides with a considerable
saving of human life and resource (debilitating
diseases) . The trend has been toward chemicals
that are less toxic to ian and useful animals,
and toxic to selected insect species only, often
resistant species. Also, there has been a trend
toward co« pound g that degrade guickly after their
work is done. Pesticide cheiicals vary greatly
in toxicity to man and animals. Sose (tetraethyl
phosphate (TEPP), parathion, endrin, and others
art extresely or highly toxic), but lost are only
moderately toxic, and some are practically
nontoxic. DDT has been studied and used
extensively, but no harm to man, nor harm to ian
or animals from residues in foods or feeds has
reaulttd. However, as a result of wide spread
usage it has built up in birds (particularly in
fat) and caused eggshells to be thin, which
resulted in reproductive failure; soae fish kills
have also resulted. Once they build up to a
certain equilibrium concentration any excess is
usually •etaboliced or excreted. DDT is quite
persistent and 10-20 percent may remain after 10
years in aoist soil and SO percent in dry soils
In view of the benefits of pesticides, some
advene effects and risks lay have to be
tolerated, but these should be minimized as inch
as possible by development and possibly by
alternative, safer approaches to pest control.
Adverse effects should be linimized by safe
practices, following instructions, keeping them
away from children, etc.
108
-------
675-680
675
Metabolic Fate of Dithane B-W5. Coordination
Product of Zinc Ion and Hanganous
Ethylenebisdithiccarbam.ate
Lyman, U.K.; Rohm And Haas Co., Philadelphia, Pa.
Part of Pesticide Terminal Residues,
International Symp., 1971 (2*3-56) ; 1971
REVIEW, DITHASE; THIOCABBAHAIB; lOKGICIDES;
DEGRADATION; HETABOIISH
A review of the degradation and metabolism of
Dithane H-U5 in water, in plants, and in aniials.
676
Regulations for Polychlorocaiphene Ose in
Agriculture and content of it in Scil and Plants
Lyubenko, P.K.; Stefanskii, U.S.; Rozenfil'd,
1.A.; Vses. Nauchno-lssled. Inst. Gig. Toksikol.
Pest its., Polim. Plast. (lass, Kiev, USSR
Khim. Sel. Khoz. (KSKZAH), 11<12), 908-909; 1973
CHLOROCABPHENE; HESIEUBS; BE6DLATIOH;
INSECTICIDES: PCCJ CAHPHBNE
677
Organochlorine Insecticide Residues in Soil and
Absorption by Crops
llachimura, H.; N&suda, K.
Hokoriku Byogaichu Kenkyo Kaiho, Prooc. Soc., 20,
71-75; 1972
CEGANOCHLOBIHE INSECTICIDES; DBGEACATION; UPTAKE;
PLANTS; ALDRIN; ENDHIN; DIELDRIN; HEPTACHLCB
EPOXIDE; VIRGIN CUT; CALCIOH HYEBOIIDl; PH;
VEGETABLES; CROPS; WATER; PADDIES; IMS ICTICIDES;
SOILS; HEPTACHLOR
The effects of various treatments on the
degradation rates of orqanochlorJne insecticides
in soil and their uptake by plants were
investigated. Aldrin, endrin, dieldrin, and
heptachlor epoxide were mixed with sterilized or
unsterilized virgin clay soil. A mature compost
•iiture was added to some specimens at 0.5-40
kg/i (2). The pH of some specimens was adjusted
to 5-9 with calciui hydroxide. Soil lots were
potted in 0.2H(2) surface area wagner pots and
left fallow or sown with vegetable crops.
Planted pots were watered every 10 days; in sole
implanted pots the water level was kept 3-5 ci
above the soil surface to simulate flooded paddy
fields, pots were kept outdoors for 90-200 days.
The degradation rate in flooded soils das
highest for aldrin, followed by endrin and
dieldrin, with heptachlor epcxide far behind;
degradation in non-flooded soils was 2-1 tiies
slower. The insecticides were generally degraded
•ore rapidly in unsterilized than in sterilized
soil. About 7-81 of the chetieal present was
taken up by crops froi untreated soil, 5-9S in
sterilized soil, and nptake decreased with
increasing amount of coipost added. Effects of
pH on degradation were equivocal. (9 references)
678
Interaction Between Insecticides and Soil.
Dicrobiological Assay of Sevin and
Heta.-Iso-Systax Using Bacteria as Test Organises
Hahioud, S.A.; Abo-Elgbar, H.H.; zaki, «.«.;
El-Rgseiny, T.B.; Fac. Agric., Ain Shais Univ.,
Cairo, OAB
Zentralbl. Bakteriol., Parasitenk., Infektionskr.
Hyg. , lot. 2(ZBPIA9), 12«(7), 766-8; 1970
SOILS; INSECTICIDES; SI7IN; HETAISOSISTOI;
CAEBJET1
Tor the bacteriological determination of sevin
and letaisosystox in soils, escherichia coli was
best suited, displaying a sensitivity of 0.02-01
and 2-10 pp«, respectively. The rate of recovery
frc« treated soils was 83-93 and 87-90H,
respectively, being somewhat lower than that by
the chemical method of F. Hiskus.
679
Herbicides and Their Residues
(laier-Bode, H.
7479 p.; 1970
HERBICIDES; RESIDDES; EEVIE»
A book
680
Persistence of Herbicides Following Their
Application.
Haier-Bode, R.; Bonn Dniversitat, German Federal
Republic
Sonderheft Zeitschrigt fur Pflanzenkrankheiten
(Pflanzenpathologie) and pflanzenschutz, 6,
27-33; 1972
PERSISTENCE; HERBICIDES; TRANSPORT; SOILS;
1EACHISG; EVAPORATION; PHOTOLYSIS; DEGRADATION;
DECAREOIILATIOK; HYDROITLATION; SAPONI7ICATIOH;
DEALmiATICN; REVIEW
A discussion of factors affecting the transport
of herbicides in soil (leaching, evaporation,
photolysis) and of the mechanisms of their
degradation (decarboxylation, hydroxyletion,
saponification, dealkylation, cleavage of the
SH-CO bond). (27 references)
109
-------
681-686
681
Analysis of Phenthiuram
Nakarova, s.V.; Eliseeva, H.A.; Vses.
Nauchno-Issled. Inst. Khin. Sredstv Zashch.
Hast., Moscow, DSSR
Khim. Sel. Khoz. (KSKZAN) , 10(9), 680-2; 1973
ANALYSIS; PHEHTHIUBAM; TMTD; DETERMINATION;
XINDANE; COPPER; TRICHLOROPHINOLJII; SEEDS
DISINFECTANT; SEEDS; DISINFECTANT; GAMMA HCH;
TCPC; PHOSPHORIC ACICS; TETRASODIOH EDTA; CESIOM;
POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE; METHYL HYDROXIDE;
ABSORPTION; XANTHATE; TITHATION; IODINI;
EXTRACTION; HYDROLYSIS; PETROLEUM; PETROLEUM
ETHER; ETHER; DIOHETBIC DETERMINATION; ACIDS;
COMBUSTION; RESIDOES; HINERA1IZAIICN; CHLORINE
A method was developed for the determination of
the seed disinfectant, phenthiurai, which is a
•ixture of TNTD, ga»«a-HCH, and copper
2, a, 5-trichlorophenolate (TCPD). TMTD was
fletermined after decomposition of phenthiurai, by
H3POU in the presence of tetrasodiui BETA, to
cs2, which vas absorbed in KCH/NeOH, and the
generated xanthate was titrated with iodine. The
gamaa-HCH was determined via a preliminary
extraction with pet role us ether and subsequent
hydrolysis of the chlorine groups. The content
of TCPC was determined via iodcicttic
determination of the copper produced by
•ineralization and treatment of the coibusticn
residue with acid.
682
Investigations on Various Factors Affecting the
Decomposition of Methylbromide (lerabol) in
Fumigated Soils and Vegetation.
nalkomes, H.p.; Technische oniversitat, Hannover,
>. Germany
Zeitscbrift fur Pflanzenkrankheiten uniJ
Pflanzenschutz, 78(8), «6«-U76; 1971
DECOMPOSITION; TEREBOL; HETHUBRCMIDE: SOILS;
VEGETATION; FDMIGAT10N; SIIT; ORGANIC BATTER;
SOIL 8OISTORE; PIAT; LEACHING; COMPOST;
TEMPERATURE; PLANTS
Laboratory, glasshouse and field studies with
different substrates (peat, soil + COB post,
perlite) showed that increasing aicunts of silt
and organic latter and a higher temperature (20 C
versus 10 C) enhanced the decomposition of CH3Er
and the consequent release of Br into the
substrate. Decomposition was lore rapid in light
than in heavy soils and under dry than under
•oist conditions. In soils and ID Boift peat,
liquid CH3Br resulted in greater Br residues than
did gaseous CR3Br. The addition of a peat cover
stimulated Br production in glasshouse soils and
resulted in greater difficulty in the removal of
residual CH3Br by leaching.
68U
Sole of Soil and Plants in Inactlvation of
Sifa?ine and Atrazine
Banorik, A.V.; Halichenko, S.M.; Inst. Fiziol.
fast. Akad. Nauk Ukrain. SSR, Kiev
Agrokhimlya No. 9, 11U-119; 1970
SOILS; DECOMPOSITION; FLOWERING PLANTS- ATRAZINV
SIBAZINE; CHERNOZED; TFIAZINE; PLANTS;
HERBICIDES; RHIZOSPHERE
In pot experiments, atrazine and simazine
decomposed slowly in a podzolized chernozem and a
gray podzolized soil. Sinazine was inactivated
•ore quickly in the chernozea, but inactlvation
cf triazine was not affected by soil type.
Inactivation was effected by soil micro-organises
and plants, particularly the fcrmer. Plants,
particularly when flowering, took up considerable
aicunts of the herbicides. Deconposition of
atrazine and siaazine was more rapid in the
rhizosphere than it was in uncropped soil.
685
Iffect of Sye Triazines on the Activity of
Fhosphatase and Orease in Soil
Hanoiik, A.V.; Nalichenko, S.M.
Fiziol Biokhil Kul'T Rast 1 (2). 1969 Trans
173-178.
S»« TBIAZIBES; EHOSPHA1ASE; DREASE; A'RAZISE-
SIHAZIHE; SHOMETHYNE; HERBICIDES; SOILS; T8IAZINE
686
Movement and Absorption of Pesticides it
Sterilized Soil Columns
nansell, R.S.; Hammond, L.C. ; Florida Univ.,
Gainesville. Water Resources Research Center
Flcrida Univ., Gainesville. Hater Resources
Research Center, PB 20K 641; Rept. No.
BSBC-FDB-16; Contract EI-1M-31-000 1-3209 ;
Monitcring Agency Rept. No. W72-01697,
0»5R-»-013-FLA(3) ; Proj. OHHH-A-013-Fla; 9, 68
p.; 1S71, August
ABSORPTION; MOVEMENT; SOILS; AGRICULTURE; SOIL
CHEMISTRY; SOIL PROPERTIES; PYRIDINE; CHLORINE
ALIP8ATIC COSPOONDS; SYSTEMIC HERBICIDES; SOIL
STBRI1ANT HERBICIDES; FARAQUIT HERBICIDE;
EIEYRIDINIDM; HERBICIDES; NEED CONTROL; GROUND
NATER; WATER; 2,«-D 2-H-DICHLOPHENOXT ACETIC
ACID; SOIL COLUMNS
683
Effects of Diazinon Contamination on an Old-field
Ecosystee
Halone, C.R.
The American Midland Naturalist, 82(1) , 1-27;
1969, July
INSECTICIDES; PESTICIDES; FLORA; FADNA; PLANTS;
ANIMALS; INSECTS; SOIL MICRO ARTHROPOD; DETRHOS;
NOTRIENT CYCLING; DIIZINON; OLD IIILD ECOSYSTEM
110
-------
687-692
687
Movement of Acarol and Terbacil Pesticides During
Displacement Through Columns of Satassc Fine Sand
Hansell, U.S.; wheeler, l.B. ; Elliott, L.;
Shaurette, It.; Dept. of Soil Science, Institute
cf rood and Agricultural Science, Gainesville, FL
31,
Soil Crop Sci. Soc. Fla., Proc. (SCSPAD) ,
239-243; 1972
TERBACIL; SOILS; MOVEMENT; ACAH01; PES1ICIDES;
ADSORPTION; SAND; ACARICIDES; HOEILITT
Movement of acarcl acaricide thrcugh Rabasso fine
sand soil was negligible, whereas the herbicide
terbacil moved through the scil at neatly the
sane rate as 36C1 (froi Ha36Cl).. The elution
curves indicated that there vas some adsorption
of the terbacil, especially by the surface soil
samples.
688
Decomposition of Endosulfan by Scil Microorganisms
Martens, E.; Inst. Bodenbiol., Forschungasanst.
landwirtsch., Brunswick, Ger.
Schriftenr. Ver. Hasser-, Boden-, Lufttyg.,
Berlin-Dahlem(SVilUE) 1972, So. 37, 167-73; 1972
ENDOSULFAN; METABOLISM; SOILS; HICBOORGANISHS;
EHDODIOL; SOLFATE; DECOMPOSITION; DEGRADATION;
INDOETHER; ENDOSOLFAN; ENDOHYDBOJYETHEB;
CHLORENDIC ACID; ENDOLACTONE; ACTINOHYCETES;
HYDROLYSIS; PH; CARBON DIOXIDE; CHIRNOZEM
The degradation of endosulfan by soil
microorganisms vas studied in test cultures and
in different soil types in laboratory experiments.
using c in-labeled endosulfan io concentrations
up to 1,000 ppm. Endodiol, endosulfate,
endoether, alpha- and beta-endosnlfan,
endohydorxyether, chlorendic acid, and
endolactone were identified as the metabolites of
Endosulfan in soil cultures. Predoiinant
endosulfate fonation by fungi, predominant diol
formation by bacteria, and rather uniform rates
of formation of the different metabolites by
actinomycetes were observed. The chemical
hydrolysis of endosulfan at ph values over 7 may
be inhibited by the soil ticroor;anism£, and
biological degradation becomes iiporatnat first
at pH values below 7. The rate of carbon dioxide
formation in most of the soil investigated was
ca. 0.3 to 0.5X in 15 weeks; C02 formation rates
of 2.9 and 5.4% were determined for a basic brown
soil and a chernoze*. The rate of sulfate
formation during the same period was 3C-60X. The
rate of formation of polar metabolites in a
tropical soil reached 111.
689
Side Effects of Organic Chemicals on Soil
Properties and Plant Growth
Hartin, J.F.; Dep. Soil Sci. Agric. Bng., Dniv.
Califcrnia, Riverside, Calif.
Org. Chem. Soil Environ. (26DJAE) 1972, 2, 733-92;
1972
FE»I!«; P-ESTICIDES; SOILS
A review with 377 references on the effect of
pesticides on the physical chemical, and
biological properties of soils, stimulation and
inhibition of plant growth following the
application of pesticides to soil is discussed.
69C
Decomposition and Transformations of Herbicides
in Sells
Martin, J.P.; Ervin, J.O.; University of
California, Riverside, CA
Part cf Proceedings of the Annual Californian
Se«d Conference, 22, (83-108); 1970
HERBICIDES: SOILS; ADSORPTION; CLAT; HOHUS ;
PAETICIE SIZE DISTBIBDTIOH; PH; TEMPERATURE:
DECOMPOSITION; TRANSFORMATION
The microbial processes affecting herbicides in
soils are emphasized. The effects of herbicide
adsorption on clay and humus, and of particle
size distribution, soil pH and temperature on
herbicide decomposition are discussed.
691
Ricrotial Activity in Relation to Soil Humus
Formation
Martin, J.P.; Haider, K.
Soil Sci., 111(1), 5H-63; 1971
HDHIC ACID; POLTNEBS; PHENOL; PEPTIDES; ABINO
ACIDS; POLISACCHARIDES; LIGNIN; DEGRADATION;
SOILS; HOMOS; MICROBIOLOGY
692
Residues of Organophosphorus Pesticides
Hasuda, T.; Natl. Inst. Agric. Sci., Tokyo, Japan
Shckututsu Boeki(SHBOAO) 1972, 26(3) 108-1H; 1972
RETIES; OHGANOEHOSEHOROS PESTICIDES; RESIDUE;
SOILS; CROP ANALYSIS; HEBOTAL; PESTICIDES
111
-------
693-698
693
Studies on the Bioaccumulation and Hicrobial
Degradation of 2,3, 7, 8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin
Matsumura, F.; Benezet, H.J. ; Dept. Entomol.,
Dniv. Wisconsin, Madison, HI 53706
Environ. Health Perspect.. 5, 253-258; 1973
TCDD; DDT; LINDANE; ZECTRAN; HODZL; PERSISTENCE;
BIOACCOBULATION; TRASSLOCATICN; fHSTICIDES;
ORGANIC SOILS; MICROORGANISMS; SAND; PISH;
SHRIMP; MOSQUITO LARVAE; UPTAKE; DIGESTION; EHC;
HEXACARBATI; HIXACHLOROBENZENE; PESTICIDES;
DIOXINS; MODEL ECOSYSTEM;
TET8ACHLORODIBENZODIOXIN; OBGANOCHI08I «ES
TCDD (2,3,7,8-tetrachloroaibenzo-p-dioxin) , DDT,
lindane (gana-BHC) and Zecttan (mexacarbate)
vere tested in several model systems to detenine
their relative persistence and tioaccuiulaticn.
Vertical translocation of pesticides from sand to
organic soil vas least with TCDD (10%) , moderate
with DDT (35X) , and greatest with Zectran
(greater than 991). Only 5 of 100 strains of
microorganisms screened were able to degrade TCDD
at all. Sand containing a deposit of pesticide
was introduced into an aquarium containing
invertebrates and/or fish. Shrimp and fish
accumulated TCDD in extremely s»all amounts while
•osquito larvae showed a surprisingly high rate
of pick op. uptake through ingest ion cf lame
was responsible fcr a considerable degree of
concentration of TCDD, but not the other
pesticides, in fish.
elininated fora. The lost extensive studies on
IDT metabolites have been involved with the
(reduction of DDE and IDE. Probably the best
documented aetabolic activity of soils has been
the epoxidation of cyclodiene insecticides.
Organcfhosphatas and carbaiates are readily
degraded in soil by oxidation and hydrolysis*
microorganisms contribute to this degradation.
The ease with vhich insecticide-degrading
microorganisms are found in frequently related to
the overall stability of the pesticide. (63 refs)
696
Eieldrin. Degradation by Soil Nicroorganisns
Ratsuiura, F. ; Boush, G.N.
Science, 156(3777), 959-61; 1967
niLDBIN; DEGRADATION; SOUS; MICROORG ANISHS
697
Halathion Degradation by TRICHODERMA VIRIDE and a
FSEODONONAS Species
Matsuiura, P.; Boush, G.M.
Science, 153(37U1), 1278-1280; 1966
HAIATHION; DEGRADATION; MICROORGANISMS; FUNGUS-
SCIIS
694
Degradation of Insecticides by a Soil Tungus,
TBICBODERHA VIBItE
Hatsumura, F.; Boush, G.M.
J. Econ. EntotiOl., 61(3), 610-612; 1968
DEGRADATION; INSECTICIDES; SOILS; FUNGUS
695
Metabolism of Insecticides by Hicrcoroiganisms
Hatsamura, F.; Boush, G.H.; lept. Intoiol., Oniv.
lioconsin, Madison, 81
Soil Biochem., 2, 320-336; 1971
INSECTICIDES; DEGRADATION; RE?IB«; SETABOLISB;
LIPOPHILIC PROPIBTIES; DDT; BETABO1ITES; DDE;
TDE; EPOXIDATION; CTCLODIENE; ORGANOPHOSPBATES;
CARBAHAT1S; OZIDATIOH; HTDBOIYSIS;
MICROORGANISMS; SOILS
Stable insecticides are moat extensively altered
by biological degradation systems, particularly
•icroorganisis, in soil. A review of microbial
Mtaboliai of insecticides yields too little
information on which to base a sound theory
explaining such metabolisi, but it in possible
that their lipcphilic properties allow
penetration into the normally selective cell wall
and that organisms aarriving
-------
699
BreakdowB of Dieldrin in the Soil by a
Micro-Organ isB
HatsoBUra, F.; Boush, G.M.; Tai, A.
Nature, 219(5157), 965-7; 1968
BREAKDOWN; DIELDRIN; SOILS; HICRCOEGANISMS;
DEGRADATION
699-707
703
Bazar da to Livestock Caused by Inadequate waste
Gulping
Batthes, 0.; Ratthey, G.
Honatsb Vet. Ned.. 27, 875-6; 1972, November
1IVESTOCK; BASTES; DOMPING; ANIHALS;
700
Metabolism of Endrin by Certain Soil
Microorganisms
MatsuBura, P.; Khanvilkar, V.G.; Fatil, K.C.;
Boush, G.H.; Dep. EntOBOl., Oniv. flisconsin,
Madison, His.
J. Agr. Food CheB. (JAFCAU) , 19(1), 27-31; 1971
MDRIN; SOILS; MICROORGANISMS; KJTCENDFIN;
METABOLITES; INSICTICIDES; BACTERIA; METABOLISM
Of greater than 150 •icrobial isolates froi
various soil samples, 25 Here active in degrading
the insecticide endrin. At least 7 endrin
•etabolites were isolated froi a BBSS culture of
pseudoBonas, including 3 lajor metabolites. Host
of the licrobial Betabolites of endrin were
ketones and aldehydes with 5-6 Cl atoms. One
metabolite, which occurred in all staples, was
identified as ketoendrin.
701
Formation of Photodieldrin by Microorganisms
Natsumura, P.: Fatil. K.C. ; Boush. G.M.; Dep.
EntOBol.. Dniv. Sisconsin, Madiscn, His.
Science (SCIFAS), 170(3963). 1206-7; 1970
CIELDBIN; MICROBES; FHOTODIZIDBII; FOBBATION;
METABOLISM; MICROOSGANIS1IS; SOILS; WATHB
Photodieldrin «ae foried vben BicrcorganisBs froB
soil. Lake Michigan vater, rat intestine, or ecu
reaen vere incubated vith dieldrin.
70*
Dptake and Soil Residual Nature of T«o
Pyridazinone Compounds in Conjunction »ith other
Herbicides for Mutsedge (CTPBBOS ESCOLBNTOS)
Control
HcAvoy, 8. J.; Rutgers State Dniv., Mew Brunswick,
RJ
Dissertation, Rutgers State University, New
Bronsiiick, NJ, 9Sp.; 1973
HERBICIDES; PTRIDAZINONE; HOTSEDGE; SOILS;
RESIBOIS; OPTAKE
705
Adsorption and Desorption of Piclora* Trifluralin
and Eacaquat by Ionic and Nonionic Exchange Resins
McCall, H.G.; Bovey, R.W.; HcCully, M.G.; Merkle,
B.C.
«e€d Sci, 20(3), 250-255; 1972
HERBICIDES; ADSORPTION; DESORPTION; PICLORAM;
TRIPinRALIll; PASAQOAT; RESINS
706
The MoveBent of Pesticides in Soils
Bccarty, P.L.; King, p.H.
Puidne Oniv. , Eng. Bull., Ext. Ser. No., 156-71;
19(6
HOVEBINT; PESTICIDES; SOILS
702
Contamination of Soils and Food nith
Diaethanonaphthalene Derivatives
Matsushiaa, S.; Civ. Health Control, Saku Hosp..
Japan
Binsho Eiyo(RNITAN) . 39(1), 1925; 1971
RETIER; DIMETHANCNAPRTHA1ENE; SOILS; FOOD;
ALDRIN; ENDRIN
The contents of diBethanonaphthalene derivatives
such as aldrin and endrin in soils and food are
shown, and the effects of these contaminants on
huaans are reviewed.
707
Residues of Chlorinated Hydrocarbons in Soybean
Seed and Surface Soils froi Selected Counties of
Sooth Carolina
McCaskill, W.R.; Phillips, B.H.; Thoaas, C.A.;
CltBScn Oniv., S.C.
Pestic. Honit. J. , t, H2-16; 1970
RESIDDES; CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS; SOYBEANS;
SOILS; SEEDS
Th< residue levels of chlorinated hydrocarbons in
the sell varied froB 0.000-3.582 nicrograi/graa,
and in soybeans from 0.007-0.156 »icrogra«/graB.
There was no significant correlation between
aacunta of chlorinated hydrocarbons in soybeans
and residues in soil. The concentration in both
soybeans and soils (0-t inch depth) varied with
the soil region.
113
-------
708-715
708
Degradation of Phenyl Carbamates in Soil by Mixed
Suspension of Isc Propyl-N-Phenyl Carbamate
Adapted Nicroorganisis
Mcclure, G.w.
J Environ Qual, 1(2), 177-180; 1972
ISOPBOPYL-N-3-CHIOHOPHENYL CARBA(ATES;
HERBICIDES; RESIDUES; SOILS; CAFEAHATBS;
DEGRADATION; MICROORGANISMS
709
Accelerated Degradation of Herbicides in Soil by
the Application of Hicrobial Nutrient Broths
McClure, G.f).; Bcyce Thompson InEt. PI. Bes.
Inc., Yonkers, NT
Contr. Boyce Thompson Inst. Fl. Ses., 24.
235-2*0; 1970
DIPHENAHID; MONOFON; ATSAZINI; DICAHBA; CIPC;
AMIBEN; LOAM; TOLIAGE; DIDRON; DIGRADATION;
HERBICIDES: SOILS; HICROBIAL NOTBIENT BROTHS
In glass house experiments, diphenamid, monuron,
atrazine, dicaiba, CIPC, and aiihen ware applied
to areas of loan at rates equal tc the loner
level of the recoiended ranges. After
application, water, czapek Dcx broth or Difco
broth were sprayed on. Planting of lixed species
followed 7 days after treatment, or 21 days later
with 2 additional broth treatments. Three weeks
after planting foliage was harvested. In a
similar experiment (Huron wac also con pared.
Broth treatments accelerated the normal rate of
herbicide degradation in most cases.
710
Effect of Soil Porosity Moisture and Temperature
on Diffusion of 1,3-Dichloropropene Hematocides
McKenry, H.V.; Thomason, I.J.
Phytopathology, 61(8), 903; 1971
GAS CHROHATOGRAPHT; SOILS; POROUS; DIFFUSION;
DICHIOROPBOPENB
711
A Generalized Concept Concerning t.fce Distribution
of Fumigant Type Pesticides in Soils
HcKenry, H. 7.; Thomason, I.J.
J. Mematol., «(«), 230; 1972
ETHYLEHB: DIBROMIDE; EICHLOROPROFEHE;
DICHLOBOP80PMI; MPOB; FOHIGAITS; PZStlCIDIS;
SOILS
712
Crganochlorine Pesticide Residues in Woodcock,
Soils, and Earttivorns in Louisiana, 1965
Mclan«, H.A.; Stickel, L.F.; Newson, J.D.;
Patuxsnt flildl. Res. Cent., Pish Wildl. Serv.,
Laurel, Hd.
Pestic. Honit. J.(FENJAA), 5(3), 218-50; 1971
BIEDS; SOILS; 08GANOCHLORINE INSECTICIDES; DDE;
HEITACHLOR; HOOECOCK; EARTHHORNS
Three years after the discontinuance of
reptachlor treatients en some Louisiana fields,
woodcock (PHILOHELA BINDS) sampled from the area
contained 0.U2 ppm heptachlor epoxide (dry wt.)
and 3.62 ppm dde. The heptachlor epoxide values
were lover and the DDE values were higher than
these found 3-U years earlier. Earthworms and
soils contained traces of several organochlorine
insecticides.
713
Effect of Isomerism on the Rate of Phenol
Transformation in Chernozem Soil
Hedvedev,
-------
716-721
716
Metabolism of ft-di«ethylamino-3,5-iyly1
methvlcarbamate (Nezacarbate, Active Ingredient
of Zectran Insecticide) : I Unified Picture
Meikle. B.W.; Dow chemical Co., Ag-Organlcs
Research Labs., 2800 Mitchell Dr., Walnut Creek,
CA 94597
Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology. 10(1), 29-36; 1973, July
CARBMATI; INSECTICIDES; HETABOLISH; MET.ACAHBATI;
ZECTHAN; PLANTS; ANIHALS; INSECTS; SOUS; ENZYME
STSTEHS; OXIDATIVE N-DEHETHY1ATICN; DBAHINATIOH;
HYDROLYSIS; CONJUGATION; CEL1 HALL: »A STE DISPOSAL
A unified picture is shown of the flow of
reactions by which the insecticide, aexacarbate,
is converted to ether compounds in the biological
systems of plants, animals, insects, and soils or
as a result of in vitro use of enzyme systeis. A
variety of reactions are postulated to take place
based on the identity of mexacartate Metabolites
which have been characterized: cxidative
N-demethylation, destination, hydrolysis, and
conjugation. The relatively modest amount of
information available concerning the metabolism
of mexacarbate in several biological systeis,
along with a knowledge of permisEable enzymatic
reactions, allows the constructicn of a united
reaction scheme which is consistent with the
facts. The scheme explains the gradual flow of
metabolites into a pcol of water-soluble
compounds and ultimately, in the case of plants,
into the polymeric ergastic substances of the
cell wall and the materials extraneous to the
cell wall. This process serves as a waste
disposal system and allows tie organist to
maintain its state of health in the face of
potentially toxic substances.
FDTYPBOS; DBF; SOLINATE; TRIALUTE; EPTAH; EPTC;
FOIYCARBAZINE; HTDBOTYLAHINE DERIVATIVES;
NIISOfBH; BBHOMTL; AFYIOXACETIC ACID; DICARBA;
USAGE
A great variety of pesticides are listed and
characterized according to their toxicity,
persistence, and use. Moderate toxicity to
warm-blooded animals, fish, and planktons, and
rapid metabolism into tore or less harmless
products in the organism and the soil are sought
in pesticides. The 1D50 doses in rat and lethal
concentrations in fish are listed for several
pesticides. The variations in the toxicity of
the same product to Nairn-blooded animals and fish
ai€ do« to differences in the mode of action.
Most crganochlorine and arsenic compounds persist
more than 18 months in the soil. DDT is
destroyed relatively rapidly hy certain
microorganisms under anaerobic conditions. The
persistence of chloroaminotriazines, picloram,
and urea derivatives is about 18 months while
that of benzole acid derivatives and carbamates
is 12 months. Pesticides of different classes
shculd be used alternately to prevent
accumulation in the ecosystem. Organophosphorus
pesticides metabolize into relatively harmless
products in wari-blooded animals although their
esters and amides do not. A high rate of
metatclism of carbamates, especially of esters
and salts of thio- and dithiocarbamic acids, was
deteriined. Many urea derived compounds, except
for mcnuron and diuron, decompose during the
gicwing period. Carbaryl, aldicarb, phthalophos
(phosietj butypho^ (CEP) , molinate, tcialate,
eptam (EPTC), polycarbazine, hydroxylamine
derivatives, nitrogen, benomyl, aryloxyacetic
acid and 2-methoxy-3, 6-dichlorobenzoic acid
(Dicaiba) derived compounds are among the most
premising pesticides from the viewpoint of
toxicity and persistence. (<40 references)
717
Measurement and Prediction of Picloram
Disappearance Rates from soil
Meikle, H.H.; Toungson, C.H. ; Heclund, 8.T.;
Soring, C.A.; Hamaker, J.H.; Aldington, H.H.
Heed Sci., 21(6), 5H9-555; 1973
HERBICIDES; BIOLOGICAL DECOHfOSI1IONj ARRHENIOS
EQUATION; TEMPERATDRE; HOISTDRE; PICLORAM;
DISAPPEARANCE; SCILS
720
The Determination of Mercury in Soils by
Flameless Atomic Absorption
Helton. J. R. ; Hoover, H. L.; Howard, P. A.
Soil Sci Soc Am Proc, 35(5), 850-852; 1971
VAEOf AERATION SYSTEM; HERCOHY; SOILS; ATOMIC
ABSOFETION
718
Pesticides and Environment Protection
Nel'Nikov, N.N.; Ossr
Zh. Vses. Khim. Obshchest. (ZVKOA6) , 18(5), 570-6;
1973
BEVIEH; PESTICIDES; RESIDUES; SOILS; PCOD; HATIR;
BIRDS
719
On the Selection of Promising Pesticides
Nel'Nikov, K.».
Khim. Sel. Khoz., 10 (ft), 268-27U; 1972
PESTICIDES; TOXICITY; PERSISTENCE tURH-BlOOEEt;
AHIHALS; PISH; PLANKTONS; METABOLISM; RAT;
CRGANOCHLOEINE; ARSENIC; DDT; PESSISTBiCE;
CH10BOAKINOTRIAZINES; PICLOBAM; D8IA; EENZOIC
ACID; CARBAHATES; SALTS; DITHIOCJREABIC ACIDS;
ESTERS; CARBARYL; ALCICARB; FHTHJLOPHOS; PHOSHET;
721
Movement and Persistence of Bensulfide and
Trifloralin in Irrigated Soil
nenges, 5.».; Tamaz, S.
Weed Sci, 22(1), 67-71; 197ft
SORGHOS-BICOLOB; HERBICIDES; GAS LIOOID
CHBOBJTOGRAPHY; INCORPORATION DEPTH; PERSISTENCE;
TSIFltRALIll; BENSOLFIDE; SOILS; BOVEMENT;
IRRIGATION MILLET; RAINFALL
Eensulfide and trifuluralin remained within the
original zones of incorporation in soils
regardless of rainfall. Trifluralin persisted
longer as the depth of inccrpcration "as
increased. Neither compound persisted to any
extent 12 months after application, although both
were present in sufficient concentrations after
six mcnths to cause severe injury to sorghu* or
Italian millet seedlings.
115
-------
722-727
722
Degradation of Disulfoton and Phcrate in Scil
Influenced by fnvironnental Factors and Soil Type
Henzer, R.E.; Pontanilla, E. I. ; Eitman, L.P.;
University of Runford, College Park, HC
Bull. Env. Con tan. Toxicol., 5, 1-5; 1970
DECOMPOSITION; INSECTICIDES; TEMEEHATOBE;
DEGRADATION: DISOLPOTON; PHOBATF; SOILS
Kate of decomposition appeared tc ce influenced
•ore by soil type than by temperature. Both
insecticides were more rapidly degraded in winter
than in sumer. Rates of degradation were not
closely related to temperature differences daring
sampling periods from October to April.
723
Fate of Pesticides in the Znviroomcnt
Henzie, C.M. ; Bur. Sport Pisl. Wildl., 0. S. Dec.
Inter. , Rashingtcn, D. C.
Annu. Rev. Entoicl. (ARENAA) , 17, 199-222; 1972
BEVIEWj PESTICIDES; PATE; DEGRADATION
A review on the degradation cf pesticides in the
environment. (1U8 references)
72»
Contamination of Soil and Fruit with Copper
Containing Pesticides
Herenyuk, G.V.; Medzhibovskaya, Z.E.; Moldavian
Res. Inst. Hyg., DSSB
Gig Sanit, 35(1), 108-110; 1970
APPLES; MICROPLORA; VIHEIARDS; SOILS; PROITS;
COPPEB; PESTICIDES; CUPROS»«; EOHCZAOX; COPPIR
SOLPATE; ORCHARtS; RISIDOES
Application of cuprosan (0.6*) ot tordtanx
mixture (IX) sprays to an apple orchard increased
aoil Cu from 7-8 mg/kg to 18 and 11 mg/kg,
respectively, in the 0-30 cm layer. Spraying *itk
bordeaux mixture (1*) in vineyards o»»r a period
cf 5 years resulted in up to 50 mg/kg Cu residues
in the soil, the residues usually remaining in
the 0.20 cm layer and penetrating deeper at a
very slow rate. Cu residues in sandy loams, from
cuprosan (0.6%) sprays, occurred to a depth of 1
m within 3 months after the first treatment;
residues resulting from pesticides that contain 3
mg/kg Cu cr more may, in these soils, depress
microbial activity and organic-matter
mineralization, application of CuSOft in the
irrigation vatcr decreased the microflora and
nitrification in soil and tended to increaa* pH.
725
Eiclogical and Non-Biological Dissipation of
Trifluralin from Soil
Hessersmith, C.G. ; Burnside, O.C.; Lavy, T.L.;
University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska
Seed Scl, 19(3), 285-290; 1971
HEEBICIDES; PHYTOTOXICITT; TIMPERATOBE;
DISSIPATION; SOILS; THIFLOBALIN; BBEAKDOWN; CLAY-
SAND; lOArt
Ehytotcxicity o£ trifluralin incubated for 10
months remained at 6.1, 0 and 1.6 ppnv of the
original 8 pp«w in a silty clay loan and at 3.0,
3.2 and 0.6 ppmw of the original <4 ppmw in a
sandy loam at 15, 25 and 35 degrees c,
respectively. Breakdown of C-1H trifluralin to
1KC02 in both soils vas »ore rapid at 1.6 than at
0.8 field capacity and at 1 than 100 ppmw of
trifluralin. Breakdown to 1UC02 accounted for 5
and 3» of the decrease of carbon-It activity in
the silty clay loam and sandy loam, respectively.
726
Model Icosystem for the Evaluation of Pesticide
Eicdegradability and Ecological Magnification
Hetcalf. B.L.; Sen. Life Sci., Dniv. Illinois,
Ortana. 111.
Outlook Agr. (OOAGA8) , 7(2), 55-9; 1972
BP.VIEH; MODEL ECOSYSTEM; INSECTICIDES; DDT;
EICDZGBADATION; BIONAGRIPICATION
727
Develcpment of Persistent Biodegradable
Insecticides Related to DDT
Hetcalf, R.L.; Kapoor, I.P.; Rirwe, A.S.; Dep.
Zocl., Oniv. Illinois, Orbana, 111.
Part of Degradation Syn. Org. Hoi. Biosphere,
Free. Conf.(26PBat) 1972, (2HU-59); 1972
RETIIH; BIODEGRADABILI1Y; DDT; ANALOGS;
INSECTICIDES; ANALOGS; MODEL ECOSYSTEM
A review on the chemistry and insecticidal
activity of biodegradable DDT analogs, and on
tb«ir behavior in a model ecosystem. (23
references)
116
-------
728-734
728
Environmental Distribution and Metabolic Pat* of
Key Industrial Pollutants and Pesticides in a
Model Ecosystem
Hetcalf, 8. I.; Lu, Po-Yung; Rapocr, I.;.;
Illinois Oniv. , Drbana, Rater Resources center
Besearch Report, Hater Resources Center, Ortana,
111.; Report No. SRC-BR-69; Contract
DI-1U-31-0001-3273; Monitoring Agency Kept. »o.
W7H-01655, 0«RB-B-050-ILL(1); Proj.
OBRR-B-050-ILL; 102 p.; 1973, June
ECOSYSTEMS; BIPHENYLS; INDUSTRIAL BFFLDBNTS;
BIODETBRIOBATION; PESTICIDES; "AlERj INDDSTRIAL
WASTES; FOOD CHAINS; CABBABATES; OBGAMIC
IHOSPHATES; HODE1S; SOLOBI1ITI; ISOTOPIC
LIBELLING; PLASTICIZERS; CHLOBINI; PHIHALATBS;
ACCOMOLATION; NOCEL ECOSYSTEM; DEGRADATION;
BIODEGRADATION; BIOHAGNIFICATION
The contaaination of water supplies with toxic
substances liberated into the environment either
accidentally as industrial or household wastes or
purposefully as pesticides and feed additives is
an iaportant problea in environmental quality.
Badiolabeled contaminants used in a laboratory
lodel ecosystea provide an elegant method for
determining the degradative fate of potential
pollutants, indications of their tcxic effects te
a variety cf food chain organisms, and
measurement of their ecological lagnification in
food chain organisms. The results have been
expressed in terms of ecological magnification
and biodegradability index, and have b«en
examined for correlation tilth such
physio-chemical properties as water solubility,
and partion coefficient, and for relationships to
electron distribution.
729
Model Ecosystem for the Evaluation of Pesticide
Biodegradability and Ecological Eagnification
Hetcalf, R.L.; Sangha, G.K.; Kapoor, I.P.
Environ Sci TEchncl, 5(8), 709-713; 1911
80DEL ECOSYSTEM; PESTICIDES; DBGBADATICN; HOEBI;
BIODEGRACATTON; EIOHAGNIfICATION
730
Adsorption of Insecticides on Pond Sediments and
latershed Soils
Beyers, N.L.; Ahlrichs, J.L.; Unite. J.L.
Proc. Indiana Acad Sci., 79, i»32-U37s 1970
HA LATH I ON; PHORA1E; CARBABYl; CLAY; MI1EBALS;
SEDIMENTS; PONDS; WATERSHED; SOILS; ADSORPTION;
INSECTICIDES
731
Interaction Between Soil Microflora and Herbicide
Agelcn
Bicev, ».; Bubalov, M.; Fac. Agric. For., State
Dniv., Skopje, Yugoslavia
Symp. Biol. Hung. (SYBHAK), 11, 379-8»; 1972
AGIL01; SOILS; HICBOFLOBA; SDGAR; HEBBICIDES;
1UNGOS; ACTINOHYCETES; ARTHBOBACTER; ATRAZINB;
IRCHIIBYNE; HICROFLORA; HOBOS; TOLEBANCE
Agelon (3 kg/ha) stimulated soil fungal growth
but decreased the growth of actinomycetes. In the
presence of additional sugar (2 and S%),
arthrobacter was tolerant to a tr 82 in a and
prcmetryne. Additional organic material in the
ceil possibly affords a higher tolerance to
herbicides by soil microflora.
732
Relation Between Herbicide Dyaid and Soil
Hicrccrganisms
Bickovski, M.; Fac. Agric. For., State Oniv. ,
Skcpje, Yugoslavia
Symp. Biol. Hung. (SYBHAK), 11, 397-HOO; 1972
HEBBICIDES; SOILS; MICROFLOBA; DYHAID;
AZCTCEACT2B; MICROORGANISMS
733
Organc Mercurials as an Environmental Prcblea
Riettinen, J.K.
Part of Spencer, D.A. (Chairman). Nuclear
Techniques for Studying Pesticide Besidue
Prcblems. Symposium. Onipub, Inc.: New York,
NY, (p. U3-47), 8U p.; 1970
EACTISIA; SLODGE; BATES; NUCLEAR TECHNIQOSS;
AGBICOLTOHI; PESTICIDES; HESIDOES; INDUSTRY;
BEfCBfl
Degradation of Heptachlor Epoxide and Reptachlor
by a Mixed Culture of Soil Microorganisms
Biles, J.B.; Tu, c.M.; Harris, C.B.; Res. Inst.,
Canada Dep. Agric., London, Ont.
J. Econ. EntOBOl. (JESNAI) , 6tt(») , 839-41; 1971
BEF11CHLOR; SOILS; MICROBES; INSECTICIDES;
DEGRACATION; BICBOOR6ARISNS
A mixed culture of soil microorganisms, obtained
frcm a sandy loam soil, degraded heptachlor
epoxide to the less toxic 1-exehydroxychlordene.
Conversion was greater than If/week during the
12-veek test periods. The same mixed culture
reduced heptachlor to chlordene but was inactive
vhen incubated with 1-exohydroxychlordene or
1 -«xohydroxy-2,3-epoxychlordene. This
degradation of heptachlor epoxide may explain the
occurrence of high levels of
1-exchydroxychlordene and low levels of
heptachlcr epoxide found in heptacblor-treated
soils.
117
-------
735-741
735
Pollution by Organic Substances
Nilhaud, G. ; Pinault. L.; Ecole Hat. Vet., Lab.
de Pharaacie et Toticol., Alfoct, Irance
Gaz. (led. Pr.. 79(40) . 7637-7644; 1972
PESTICIDES; DDT; LINDAKE; HEPTACHLOR:
DEGRADATION; FISH; AQDATIC ORGANISMS; ENDOSOLFAN;
MEHCDRY; FOOD; SCILS; WATER; ORGANIC PESTICIDES;
REVIEW; PERSISTEKCE; PLANTS; HUMANS; ANIMALS;
INDUSTRIAL EPPLDENTS; J.IS; PISH; INSECTICIDES
General problems and hazards of soil and water
pollution and of the contamination of foods by
organic substances, including pesticides, are
surveyed. Organochlorine pesticides, snch as DDT,
lindane, and heptachlor, are higtly persistent in
the soil. The time necessary for 95* degradation
of heptachlor, lindane, and CDT in the soil vas
3-5 yr, 3-10 yr, and 1-30 yr, depending on the
soil type. Pish and other aquatic organises are
highly sensitive to pesticides in the water,
which is demonstrated by instances of massive
fish deaths due to CDT in Canada and tc
endosulfan in the Rhine, as well as by the very
high DDT and lercury concentrations in clave,
oysters, and fish, especially tuna. The
acceptable daily intake of pesticide residues in
foods should be determined with respect to the
consumption of contaminated food for a very long
period of -time.
iy of diaethylbenzyl octadecylaaionium
chloride) is pH dependent where the organic
compound will vary in the extent of protolysis.
Also this dependence is effective beyond the pH
liiits affecting protolysis for so He conpounds.
Maximum sorption appears to occur generally where
crctclysis is less than SOS. The few observations
retorted here make this estimate a working guide
for further study. Studies using organic clay
coating of different composition (polarity or
electron densities) may have a sorption pH
relationship quite different. The percentage
sorted is different for the clay with the organic
coating of amine having both aromatic plus alkyl
poiticns (Bentone 21) than with an alkylamine
coating (Bentone 18 c) . The relative sorption of
various phenols is much the same on both
organcclays. (13 refs)
739
Interactions Between Biotic Components in Soils
and their Modification by Management Practices in
Canada. Review
Mills, J.T.; Alley, B.P.; Res. Stn., Agric.
Canada, Oinnipeg, Manitoba
Can. J. Plant Sci. (CPLEAY) , 53(3), 1125-41; 1973
BEVIES; PESTICIDES; SOILS; H1CROPLOFA;
BICBCCHGANISns
736
Persistence and Movement of Parathion in
Irrigation Raters
Millar, C.8.
Pest. Bonit. J., 1(2), 47-48; 1967
PERSISTENCE; MOVEMENT; PARATHION; IRRIGATION
HATERS
737
Sorption from Aqueous Soluticn by Organo-Clays:
II. Thermodynamics of 2,1-D Sorction by Various
Organo-clays
Miller, R.W.; Faust, S.D.; Dept. Soil Sci.
Biometeorol, Utah State Univ., Legan, OT 84321
Environ. Lett., 2(4), 183-194; 1572
2,«-D; SORPTION: CL1T; ORG1NOCLA1S; BBITONIT1;
CATION EICHANGI; tHBOOA; DODECTLAMINE;
DlflETHTLBENZIL OCTAD1TL-AMMOBIOM CH10BIDE;
CIOCTADECTL-ABBOIIOM CRIOtlDZ
738
Sorption from Aqueous Solution by Organo-Clay;
III. The Effect cf pH on Sorptioo of Various
Phenols
Miller, R.R.; Jaust. S.D.; Dept. Soil Sci.
Biometeorol., Otah State Dniv., logan, OT 84321
Environ. Lett., 4(3), 211-223; 1S73
SORPTIOH; 2,4-0; PH; PROTOLTSIS; PHENOI;
CBGANOCLAT; PRZIOXTACETIC ACIDS; CUTS; BENTONITE
Sorption of 2,4 D and various phenolic compounds
by Bentone 24 (Wyoming bentonite coated with one
Persistence of Dimethoate in Soils
Mishra, R.C.; Gupta, D.S.; Entoaol. Sect., H.p.
Agric. Coll., Solan, India
Pesticides (PSTDAN) , 6(11). 28-30; 1972
DIIE1HCATE; SOILS; PERSISTENCE; ORGANOPHOSPHOROS
INSECTICIDES; INSECTICIDES
As shewn in bioassay, using DROSOPRILA
fEIAICGASTER the half-life of 4 and 8 ppm
dimethoate in 3 types cf soil was 5-7 days in the
0-2-inch layer, and vas 5-14 days in the 2-4 inch
layer. More dimethoate leached out in th« sandy
soil than did in loam or clay loam soil.
741
Adsorption of Arsentites by Soils and Compost
Hisra, S.G.; Benjamin, I.
Indian J. Appl. Ch«m., 25(2-3), 99-100; 1962
CCHPCST; ADSORPTION; ARSENITE; ARSENIC; SOILS
Experiments were done to determine the amount of
As retained when Na arcenite was added alone or
with Kacl or K2S04. A neutral soil absorbed more
As than did an acid soil (pH 5.0) or a neutral
ccmpost.
-------
742-749
7«2
Studies on Arsenite-lrsenate systei.
of Arsenate
adsorption
Hista, S.G.; Tiwari. B.C.; Agricultural Cheiistry
Station, University of Allahabad, lllahabad,
(O.P.)
Soil Science and Plant Nutrition. 9, 10-13; 1963
ARSENITE; AHSENATE; SOUS; COMPOST; ANION EFFECT;
CATIOH EFFECT; EXTRACTION; ARSENIC; ADSORPTION
In this investigation the retention of arscnata
ions either singly 01 in the presence of arsenite
by soils and coipost has been studied. The
interference caused by an ions or cations on the
retention of arEenate as veil as the extraction
of the absorbed arsenate by different cxtractants
has also been investigated.
747
Kinetics of the Hicrobial Decomposition of the
Herbicides I PC, and CIPC
Hoe, I.G.; Hakerere Univ. Coll., Kampala. Uganda
Environ. Sci. Technol., «, H29-431; 1970
H1DRC11SIS; IPC; CIPC; DECOMPOSITION;
BICBOORGAHISNS; CARBANATE; CARBANILIC ACID;
HEHBICIDES; ACTIVATION ENERGI
Inculation tests using the herbicides as C
sources of PSEUDOHONAS STRIATA vere conducted at
20 degrees and 30 degrees C, Activation energy
re go i red for the hydrolysis of IPC was about 1
kcal/iole, and that for the hydrolysis of CIPC
•as 2 Xcal.
7U3
fcrsenite-lrsenate Adsorption in Soils
Hisra, S.G.; Tiwari. R.C.
Indian J. Appl. Chei., 26, 117-121; 1963
ARSEN.TE IONS; REE SOU; COMPOST; SESQDIOIIDES;
PR; ARSZHJTE; ADSORPTION; ARSENITE TOMS; CALCIDR;
SOILS
(lore acaenate ions are adsorbed by a latoritic
soil than by a red scil or coipost, due to the
amount of Fe20(3) or sesquioiides, Ca cr some
other ion and reducing pH in the soil. Arsenite
adsorption is affected by the presence of
isOl (3-) ions; it decreases in soil but increases
in co«post. Arsenite ions are ccnverted into
arsenate ions ty 7e20(3) or alkalinity.
7.
There vas little penetration of parathion below
the top 2. Sci of soil, and no parathion occurred
in soil 8 lonths after treatment.
7«9
Hicroioveient of Propachlor frci Granules in Soil
Rolnau, M. P. ; Lovely, V.G. ; Johnson, H.P.; Deo.
Agric. Zng., Univ. Idaho, Hoscow, Idaho
le«d Sci. (1EESA6) , 21(3), 185-8; 1973
PROPICHLOR; MOVEMENT; SOILS; HERBICIDES; SOIL
BO I STOP1!; GRANULES
Hoveient of 2-chloro-n-isopropylacetanilide
(piopachlor) fro* a granule tc the soil vas
classified as horizontal, below the granule,
abcve the granule, and into an area within a
3-ppm contour. The influence of depth of
placement, loisture content, teiperature,
relative hniidity, and exposure tiie on each of
the icveient classifications was determined.
Horizontal loveient increased as the teiperature,
icistore, and exposure tiie increased. Propachlor
tneds to aove down into the soil under dry
conditions and up when the scil is moist. The
size cf the soil area that contained 3 ppaw was
greater for granules placed in the soil than for
grannies placed on the surface. The size of the
area increased as the loisture increased.
119
-------
750-755
750
Application of Mathematical Analysis During
Simulation of the Behavior of Sevin in Soil
lolozhanova, E.G.; Itanevskil, A. 1. ; Ossr
Gig. Primen., Toksikol, Pest its. Klin.
Otravl.(D8H»YC), No. 9, 77-83; 1971
SEVIN; SOILS; DECOMPOSITION; CAFEAHATBS;
INSECTICIDES; MODEL
A mathematical model is given for the
decomposition cf sevin in soil. For less than 15
days, the decomposition is characterized by the
expression 10a + tt, where a * the log 10 of the
starting concentration, t the tiie and b ranges
between -O.OK6 and 0.11H, depending on the type
of soil. At 15-45 days the curve is linear.
751
Residues of Selected Pesticides - Their Nature,
Distribution, and p«rsistenc< in Plants, Animals
and the Environment
Montgomery, n. L.
Oreg. state Oniv. Enviorn. Health Sci. Cen., 233;
1972
PLANTS; 2,1,5-T; CHLORINE; DEGRAEATION; DDT;
METABOLITES; DEE; DCA; DBF; CARBON 14; GAS
CHROHATOGBAPHT; SOILS
In an investigation of the ability of ccop plants
and brushy plants to metabolize 2,1,5-T, all of
the carbon 11 applied was recovered as 2,1,5-T or
a conjugate of 2,*,5-T. Gas chrcmatogrmphic
analysis revealed only one chlorine-containing
compound, 2,<), 5-T. A second study, on the sell
degradation of known DDT metabolites DEE, DEI,
and DBP, indicat«d that the rate-limiting step in
the loss cf DDT from soil is the degradation of
DDE. After six months, 90* of the DDE remained,
while more than SOX of the DEA and DBP were
degraded. DBP was detected as a metabolite of
DDA.
753
Biological Degradation of Peeticids Rattea
Montgomery, H.L.; Klein, D.; Colliding, H.L.;
Freed, V.H.; Oregon State Oniv., Corvallis, OR
Pestic. chem., Proc. Int. congr. P«stic. Che». ,
2nd(2«VAAT), 6, 117-25; 1972
PESTICIDES; WASTES; EIODEGRADATIO"; 2,4-D;
2,4-DICHLOBOPHEIOI.S; SODIOH BIDECIIDE;
DICHLOHOPHENOL
Biological soil degradation has teen studied as a
possible means of detoxifying pecticid* wastes.
Site selection most meet these criteria: there
•ust be a minimum risk cf contaminated water
leaving the testing area; microorganisms capable
of degrading the waste material to be- detoxified
must be in the sell; the land used east be of low
economic value. Th« waste concentrate used (or
this study resulted from the manufacture of 2,D-D
and thus contained nnreacted 2,«-dichlorophenol,
unrecovered 2.4-t, and a considerable amount of
sodium hydroxide. The waste material was diluted
and spread at the rate of 300 pounds per acre of
2,4-D and 900 pounds per acre of dichlorophenol.
Significant reductions of the chenicals occurred
during the first few aonths; these were greatest
in the surface two inches of soil. About 80S of
the applied chemical was gone the first year.
Microorganism counts shrank initially but
returned to normal levels in about u-6 months.
Proper lanagement, consisting of maintenance of
moisture and temperature, accelerated the rate of
degradation.
753
A Preliminary Study of the Dangers Involved in
the Ose of 2,t,5-T in Forest
Montgomery, N.L.; Morris, L.A.
Eodenkttltur. 21(«), 125-U31; 1970
2,1, S-Tj HATER; FISH; ANIMALS; ABSORPTION;
DEGRADATION; SOILS; RAINFALL; VEGETATION; PLANTS'
EIFBJCIDES
The use of 2,«,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic acid
(2,«,;-T) causes a slight temporary water
pollution. There is no significant danger to
fish cr other animals. The extensive absorption
and degradation of 2.U.5-T in forest soils
hinders its later displacement from treated areas
to open water and subsoil water. Dilution by
grcwth and degradation reduce the residue of the
herbicide in the vegetation within several weeks.
2,4,5-T has a low toxicity; it is not permanent
in the soil or in plants and is quickly
eliminated by animals.
75«
Kinetics of Dichlobenil Degradation in Soil
Montgomery, H.L.; Tu, I.e.; Freed, V.H.; Oregon
State University, Corvallis, OR
Reed Res, 12(1) , 31-36; 1972
HERBICIDES; TEHPERAT08E; 2,6 DICHLOROBENZANIDE;
DICHICBBENIL; DEGRADATION; SOILS; ACTIVATION
IHIRGI; METABOLITES; HALF-LIFE; KINETICS
The degradation of dichlobenil in soil,
determined at 6.7 and 26.7 degrees, C, followed
first order kinetics but at 6.7 degrees C this
occurred after an initial time lag of 10 weeks.
The half-lives were 28 weeks (« 10 weeks lag) at
£.7 degrees c and 19 weeks at 26.7 degrees C. The
relatively low value of the activation energy
(3.57 kcal mole) showed that the degradation of
dicblcfcenil waa not as markedly affected by
temperature as that of many other herbicides. The
only detectable metabolite was 2,6
dichlcrobenzamide, a compound that should have a
substantially lower vapour pressure and a higher
affinity for surfaces than the parent compound.
755
Hercgry in Soil and Plant Systems: A Review of
literature.
Boraghan, J.T.; N. Dak. St. Oniv., Fargo, N.D.
Farm Ees., 28
-------
756-763
756
Soil Contamination.
Horishita, 1.; Tokyo Mac. Univ., Tokyo, Japan
Kagaku Kogyo (Ch««. Ind.), 23(10), 1322-1327; 1972
1ESEKATB; COFPBB SOLFWE; OBCBtHtS; TOISOIL;
ABSESTC; COPPEB; RETtLS; APPIES; 1BSOBFTIOV;
BOOTS; ORANGES; ISO ITS; PLANTS; PS SMC IDES
Large quantities of arseData and ccpper sulfate
pesticides are used in apple and orange orchards
outside lokohaaa. The topsoil el orchards has a
considerable accumulation of arsenic and copper,
for instance, 500 ppm of arsenic and more than
200 ppi cf copper have been detecttd in the
topsoil of a 50-year-old apple oichaxd in Aoaori.
These aetals cause Increased aetal ion
concentration in soil which in turn Mill increase
the metal absorption by the roots cf produce.
757
Soil-Pesticide Interactions
Horley, H.T.; Ch«aistry and Biology Beaearch
Institute, Besearch Branch, Canada Dept. of
agriculture, Ottawa, Ontario, nil CC6. Canada
Part of festley. B. (Bd.), Proceedings of
EnTironaental Pollutants. Held at Ottava,
Ontario, Canada, June 1H-17, 1971 (p. 69-71),
-------
764-770
76H
Desorption of scie Herbicides frcm
Nontmorillonite and Peat
Noyer, J.B.; HcKercher, R.B. ; Hance, R.J.;
Saskatchewan Inst. Pedol., Oniv. Saskatchewan,
Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
Can. J. Soil Sci. (CJSSAR) , 52(3),
-------
771-778
771
Persistence of Organochlorinc Insecticide
Residues in Agricultural Soils of Colorado
(lulling, D.E.; Johnsen, R.E.; Starr, £.1.; D«p.
Entoiol., Colorado State Unit., Icrt Ccllins,
Colo.
Pestic. Honit. J.(PEHJAA), 5(3), 268-75; 1971
CRGAROCHLORIflE IHSECTICIDES; SOILS; INSECTICIDES;
DDT; ALDBIH; OIILDRIH; HEFT1CR10I; HBPT1CHLOH
EPOZIDE; CHLOBCANE; ONDANE; DICOJOL; BXDBIfl;
EMDOSDLFAN: TETRADIPOH; TOXAPHENI
The organochlorine insecticides residues in
Colorado soils nere lover than those in other
regions. Of 50 soil samples, DD1 (0.06-41.1 ppi)
vas detected in 27, aldrin and/or dieldrin
(0.02-0.91 pp«) in 1U, hpetachlor and/or its
epoxide (0.02-0.07 ppi) in 11, and chlordane
(0.02-0.OS ppi) in 8. Also detected ver« lindane
in 8, dicofol in 7, endrin in 2, endosulfan in 1,
tetradifon in 1, and toxaphene it 1 saiple.
77€
Adsorption and Desorption of Diaron as a Function
cf Soil Properties
Rastafa, N.A.; Gaiar, T.; Khartoui University,
Sudan
Soil Sci soc ai Hoc, 36
-------
779-784
779
Hygienic Evaluation of Soil Polluted by a Mixture
cf organochlorine Pesticides
Saishtein, S.I.A.; Vashkulat, H.F.; Bezborod'ko,
H.D.
Sigiena I. Sanit., 3«(9), 30-3; 1969
DDT; HEXACHLORANI; MIGRATION; DPTAKE; PLANTS;
POTATOES; CLAY; SAND; CHEBHOZEB; F1STICIDES;
SOILS; HOISTOEE; SMMONIA-NITBCGEH: PH;
ABHONiriCiTION; SITUATES; SPCBBS; FONGI;
MIGRATION; SANCY SOUS; ROOT CBOFS; RESIDOES;
FLOWING OVER; LINING; OBGAHOCBLOBINE PESTICIDES
The stability of DDT and hexachlcrane in various
types of soil, the rate of their ligration to
deep soil and the conditions for their uptake by
plants when applied to the soil surface during
treatment of the aerial portions of crops were
investigated. Potato was sown ic lysiietere
(2500 sq cm) with soil not containing the
preparations. Three types of soil were employed:
clay, sand and chernozem. The tubers Here
planted to a depth of 15 to 20 cm; the potato
bush was dusted and sprayed when it reached a
height of 15 to 30 ca. The two pesticides were
applied at five times the usual rate tc be
certain that sufficient guantities would be
present in the soils for the various
determinations. In series I, a 12* dust of
hexachlorane was applied at 350 kg/ha; in series
II the dose was 1750 kg/ha. The respective doses
of DDT (1.5% mineral oil emulsion were 800 and
DOOO 1/ha. Soil samples were drilled on the day
of treatment and every other month to aonth and a
half at depths of 0 to 10, 10 to 20 and 20 to 30
cm. At 9 months, soil samples were also taken at
depths of 30 to MO ana «0 to SO cm. The potatoes
were harvested at 2 1/2 months. Besides the
pesticides, pH, moisture, ammonia-nitrogen and
the survivability of certain physiological groups
of microorganisms which participate in the
(recesses of self-cleaning were determined.
Neither series of experiments showed inhibitory
effects of the pesticides on the cxidation of
protein substances to ammonia-nitrogen and
nitrates; in individual cases, aimcnificaticn was
even intensified at the end cf tbe first month.
The microorganisms count (spores and fungi) Has
not altered. Cata from series I allowed no
judgement about pesticide migration. In series
II at 1 1/2 to 3 months, hexachlcrane and DDT
could both be detected at 20 to 30 cm in claj and
sand but not in chernozem. By mcnth 9, DDT had
moved to 50 cm in sand and chernozem,; at this
time, hexachlorane was found in the surface layer
of clay in very stall amounts. Pesticide) uptake
by potatoes was significant, especially on sandy
soil poor in organic tatter. Analysis of the
data suggests that a quantity of DDT and
texachlorane in tbe tillage layer of up to 0.1
•g/kg will not cause intensive ccntamination of
root crops. A decrease in the sell reeidoes of
these two compounds can be accomplished by
plowing over, liming and replacing the
organochlorine pesticides with less stable
compounds.
780
nicrobial Transformation of 2,4-D and its Analogs
Nakajisa, S.; Naito, N.; Tani, T.; Hoshi College
Ihar., 2-Chome, Ebara, Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan
Chem. Fhars. Bull. (CPBTAL) , , 21(3), 671-3; 1973
CH10ROPHEHOXIACETIC ACID; FUNGICIDES; 2,«-D-
TRANSFORMATION; 2,«,5-T; MCP; PHENOXYETHANOLS-
HOLDS; SEDDCTION; HETAEOLISS
Three molds, G LOCOS PC RID II OLIVAHUH, GLOCOSPORIOH
KAKI and SCHIZOPHYLLON COHNONE metabolized 2,4-D,
2,1,5-T and 2-methyl-U-chlorphenojtyacetic acid
(HCP) to products having antifungal activity. The
prcdocts were isolated and identified as the
phencxyethanols of the respective herbicides.
Growth indices indicated that their antifungal
activity was much greater than that of the parent
compound. The fact that the herbicides vere
reduced in the presence of the molds contradicts
the opinion that the herbicidic activity of
2- (2,
-------
785-790
785
Persistence of Dalapon in Grassland Soil.
Persistence of 2,2-Dichloropiopicnic Acid in
Handla-Naikal Grassland Oxisol of Hadhya Pradesh
Nandeo, K.N.
Be* a. India
Jawaharlal Nehru Agric. univ.
Plant Soil(PLSOA2), 37(2), 445-8; 1972
DALAPON; DEGRADATION; SOILS; MICf CCRGAIISHS;
HERBICIDES; BACTERIA
When dalapon vac added to 27 California
nonautoclaved soils, dalapon persisted up to 10
veeks in incubated soils. The microbial
deoiposition of dalafon in nonsterile soil
increased with the increasing incubation tiie
resulting in 2-1% racoverj after 10 veeks. In
perfused dalapon-treated soils, aliost all of the
herbicide was decomposed within 5 days. Addition
of erythromycin to perfused dala(on-treated
soils, resulted in a 43% degradation in contrast
to a 63 and 58X degradation after mycostatin and
isoniazid antibiotics, respectively, vere added
to the perfused system, Dalafon-decomposing
bacteria in the coil remained elevated even after
6 months of dalacon application.
786
Extraction and Identification of Endrin and
Heptachlor Degradation Products
Mash, R.G.; Beall, N.L.
J Assoc of Anal Chem. 54(1), 959-963
EXTRACTION; ENDRIN; HEPTACHLOR; tEGRADATION;
SOYBEANS; INSECTICIDES; RESIDUES; GAS lIQOIt
CHROMATOGRAPHY; THIN LATER CHROMATOGRAPHY
787
Endrin Transformations in Soil
Hash, R.G.; Beall, B.I. ; Harris, N.G.; Plant Sci.
Res. Div., Agric. Res. Serv., Beltsville, Maryland
J. Environ. Qual. (JEVQAA) , 1(4), 391-a; 1972
ENDRIN; TRANSFORMATION; SOILS; IRSICTICIDES;
DEGRADATICN; PR; ENERIN EZLTA KETONE; INDRIN
ALDEHYDE; TRACER; CARBOJCAICEBYDES; POTASSIUM
HYDROXIDE; SULP08IC ACID
Erdrin vas converted by a soil vith pH 6.1 into
endrin delta ketone (1.8,9,9,10,11-Hexachl
oropentacyclo(6.3.0.12,5.03,7.06,10) Dodecan-12-one
) endrin ale. (1,8,9,9,10,11-Hexachloropentacyclo(
6.3.0. 12,5.03,7.06, 10.Oil, 12) dod«can-1 2-ol) , a
product tentatively identified BE endrin aldehyde
(1,8,9,9,10,11-hexachloropentacyclc(6.3.0.02,11.03
,7.06,10)undecan-12 -carboxaldehyde) , and
possibly 2 other compounds. The experiments vere
carried out using endrin-carbon-1<4. The degree
cf endrin transformation increased vith soil
depth. In a dry soil with ph 4.2, endrin was
transformed into soie endrin delta ketone, and
probably endrin aldehyde. No tracsforiation was
noted in this soil under moist conditions. Acid
or base treatment of endrin-endrin aldehyde at
0-100 degrees indicated that endrin was stable in
the presence of 60X KOH but not in the presen ce
of H2SO4. endrin delta ketone-endrin aldehyde
were stable under all treatments tested, except
for endrin aldehyde which vac unstable in KCR at
100 degrees.
788
Soil Hoisture Influence on Treatment and
Extraction of DDT from Soils
Nash, B.C.; Harris, fl.G.
J Assoc Off Anal Che«, 55(3), 532-536; 1972
INSECTICIDES; SOILS; SOIL MOISTURE; EXTRACTION;
DDT
789
Chlorinated Hydrocarbon Insecticide Residues in
Crept and Soil
Rash, B.G. ; Harris, R.G.; Agr. Res. Cent., Agrlc.
Res. Serv., Beltsville, Md
J. Environ. C.ual. (JEVQAA) , 2(2), 269-73; 1973
INSECTICIDE; PERSISTENCE; SOILS; SOYBEANS;
RESIDUES; CHLORDANE; TOXAPHENE; LOAH; CONGAREE
SANDY LOAH; DIELDRIN; ISODRIN; ENDRIN;
HESTACHLOR; BHC; TOXAPRENE; DILAN; BHC;
TRANSFORMATION; CORN; OATS; WHEAT;
PENTACHLOHOCYCLOHEXANE: CROPS; SANDY LOAH
Residues of aldrin, dieldrin, isodrin, endrin,
heptachlor, chlordane, bhc, toxaphene, or dilan
were detected in ccngaiee sandy loam 16 years
after application. Soybeans grown from seeds
planted in these test plots 15 years after the
initial application contained residues of
dieldrin, endrin, heptachlor epoxide, alpha and
gaima BHC, endrin tr ansforiation products, and
pentachlorocyclohexane. Only BHC and dieldrin
vere found in corn, oats, and wheat, which were
planted at the same time as the soybeans.
790
Soil Moisture Influence on Treatment and
Extraction of DDT from Soils
Nash, R.G. ; Harris, N.G.; Plant Sci. Res. Div.,
Agric. Res. Serv., Beltsville, Nd.
J. Ass. Off. Anal. Chem. (JANCA2), 55(3), 532-6;
1972
ALKALI; SOILS; DDT; EX1ENTION; ORGANOCRLORINE
INSECTICIDES; DDE; SOUS; INSECTICIDES
Techniques were devised to prevent the conversion
cf p.p'-DDT into P,p«-tDE during the DDT
treatment, or extraction of highly alkali soils.
Roistening soils to near field capacity reduced
IE1 ccnversicn into DDE during treatment. A new
column extraction method was developed which
prvented further conversion during extractions.
The column extraction was more rapid but less
efficient thant the Soxhlet extration. About 4%
DDT remained after colcmn extraction of incubated
soils, whereas only abcut 1* remained in
Scxhlet-extracted soils.
125
-------
791-797
791
Comparative Extraction of Chloritated Hydrocarbon
Insecticides from Soils 20 Tears After Treatment
Nash, R.G.; Harris, U.S.; Ensor, P.D.;
E.A.
J Assoc Off Anal Chem, 56(3), 721-732
Wool son.
ENDRIN; TOXAPHENE; DILAN; BBC; ISOHEES; ISODRIN;
ALDRIN; CIELDRIN; HIPTACHLOR; INSECTICIDES;
CHLORINATED HtLROCABBONS
792
Soil pH and Metallic Amendment Effects on DDT
Conversion to CCI
Nash, H.G.; Harris, V.G.; Lewis, C.C.; Agric.
Environ. Qual. Inst., Agric. Res. Serv.,
Beltsville, 8d
J. Envircn. Qual. (JE»QAA) , 2(3), 390-4; 1973
DDT; SOILS; DDE; PR; RAGNISIOH; HAGNESIUR OXIDE;
CONVERSION; 1A1IB; SOIL ROISTOBE
The conversion of DDT to DDE »as enhanced in both
HgO-a>ended and nonaiended high pH soils
(Blended, pH 9; nonaiended, pH 7.5). The DDT to
CDE conversion occurred over a 32 sontb period,
and 15K of the original DDT MBS converted tc DDE
ty the end of that tiie. The predoiinant
conversion mechanism of DDT in dry soils seeis to
be cheiical, whereas in moist soils it is
•icrobial.
793
Detersining Phytotoxic Pesticide Interactions in
Soil
Nash, B.C.; Jans«n, L.I.; Agric. tnvirco. Qual.
Inst., Agric. Rts. Serv., Beltsville, Rd.
J. Environ. Qual. (JITQAA) . 2(«), SC3-10; 1973
PESTICIDES; SOIL!; STATISTICAL ANALYSIS; PLAITS
Data on plant responses to pesticide interactions
in soil were evaluated statistically. Begressicr
estimation analysis can identify, characterite,
and experss lagnitude of a pnysiclcgical
interaction, fariance analysis indicates cnly
the presence of an interaction, Duncan's Multiple
Test Bange identifies an interaction, and th«
aethod of S.H. Cclby (1967) indicates sagnitade
of differences. The regression estimates
analysis overcomes soae of the. statistical and
interpretive liiitations of the heretofore used
Duncan's Multiple Rang* Test and Colby's lethcd
for phytotoilc interactions.
different paddy soils in still percolating water
was deconposed in four hours. No significant
degradation took place with the absence of soil.
Cecoipcsition was negligible after heat
sterilization of the scil, and a brown growth,
which was isolated froi the soil and was possibly
an actinoiycet€, degraded the pesticide.
Degradation was proportional to time and
concentration cf organisi only until about 50% of
the diazinon had disappeared, suggesting that
decoipcsition was dependent on diazinon
concentration cr inhibited by the reaction
products. Very little adsorption of the pesticide
tcck place when one of the soils was exposed
briefly to diazinon solution.
795
Persistence of Parathion in Soil and its
Translocation into Toiato Plants
Massif, P. N.
Bull. Intoiol. Soc. Egypt Econ. Ser., 5, 73-78-
1971
AESOSP1IOMITER; PERSISTENCE; PAB4THION; SOILS-
TRANSICCATION; TOMATOES; PLANTS
79e
Effects of soie Environmental factors on the
Reaction of the Soil Hicroflora to Pesticides
Naumann, K.; Inst. Phy topathcl. Aschersleben,
Dtcch. Atcad. Landwirtschaftswiss., Berlin, East
Geriany
Zentralbl. Bakteriol., Parasitenk., Infektionskr
Hyg., Abt. 2(ZBPIA9), 127 (U), 379-96; 1972
PESTICIDES; SOILS; ACTINOHTCETES; VAPAM; DAZOMET-
ALITL ALOHINOM CARBIDE; FORMALIN; WATER;
1A1EB-BINDING; DECCMPOSITION; tEHYDROGENASE-
INHIBITION; GRZENHODSE
Vapaa (0.15H), dazomet (»20 ppa), allyl Ale (200
ppi) , and formalin (0.2*), added to soil in
greenhouse boxes, inhibited growth of bacteria
and actinoiycetes for a longer period at 12-15
degrees than at 20 degrees. Inhibition of
bacteria by these preperations was greater at low
or high soil •oistnre (40 or 601 water-binding
capacity) than at intermediate soil moisture
(60f), whereas actinoiycetes were inhibited aost
ctiongly at intermediate and high soil moisture.
Dehydroganase activity was generally increased
and cellulose decomposition decreased more in
moist than in dry soil. Covering the treated soil
with gas-iipermeable plastic film prolonged the
inhititory action of the pesticides.
794
Loss of Diazinon from Dacca Caddy Field Soils
Kasim, A.I.; Baig, R.R.R.; lord, J.A.; Tozicol.
Pestic. Lab., Dept. Plant Protection, Karachi 27,
Pakistan
Pak. J. Sci. lad. Be*., 15(0-5), 330-332; 1972
MICROPLOIA: IMS1CTICIDES; DEGRADATION; BICB01IA1
ACTIVITY; RXAT; CADDIES; SOUS; tECORPCSITIOI;
ADSORPTION; RICECOHGARISRS; BEACIIOR PBODOCTS;
DIAZ HI01I
Approximately 30H of the diaxinon exposed to six
797
tecompcsitlon of Paratbion by Soil Bacteria
lanmann, K.
fhjtopathol. z., 60, 313-57; 1967
DECOMPOSITION; PABATHICN; BACTIRIA; SOILS
126
-------
798
The Stability of Certain Phozphoiorqanic
Pesticides in the Soils
Nayshtevn, S.T.; Zhulinskaya, V.A.; Yucovskaya,
T.H.; Kiev O.N. Marzeyev Sci. Bes. Inst. Pub.
Con an. Hyg., Kiev, OSSH
Gig. Sanit., 38(7), 42-45; 1973
STABILITY; DECOHPCSITION; TBICHLCBfOH; CABBOIOS;
BALATHION; NETAPHOS; METHYL PABAIHIOB; SOILS:
PESTICIDES; XCIDIC SOILS; PISSISTiUCJ: BBTEIITI011:
HICEOOBGANISBS; OBGJHOPHOSPHOBOS; ALKAIINZ SCILS
The stability and decomposition cf trichlorfon,
carbofos (malathion) , and metaphcs (methyl
parathion) in artifically acidified and
alkalinized soils with the respective pH ranges
of 3-4.6 and 8.7-9.6 were studied. The
pesticides were applied at 2 and 200 mg/kg with
the soil temperature at 18-20 C. Stability
increased in all pesticides investigated in
acidic scils. Irichlorfon concentrations of 200
•g/kg persisted for two months, tut for only one
lonth in alkaline soil where persistence was
found a function of the initial concentration.
Trichlorfcn in a concentration of 200 •g/kg
persisted in the soil for one month but at 2
•g/kg concentration was no longer detectable
after one month. The retention vac longest in
acidic soil, especially for high pesticide
concentrations. The persistence in the soil
decreased from tetachos to carbofos and to
trichlorfon. Since the rate cf decomposition in
native and sterile soils was comparable, it can
be concluded that the role of the soil
microorganisms in the destruction cf trichlorfon,
metaphos and cartofos is of secondary importance
compared to that of chemical reactions.
799
Stability of Certain Organophospborus Pesticides
in the soil
Nayshteyn, S.I.; Zhulinskaya, T.A.; Yurovskaya,
T.H.; Kiev. Nauchno-lssled. Inst. Cbshch.
tUmmunal'N. Gig. Im. ttarzeeva, Kiev, Ossr
Gig Sanit. (GISAAA), f) , 42-5; 1973
INSECTICIDES; SOILS; DEGRADATION; RETAPflOS;
CAEBOPHOS; CHLOBOPHOS; PH; DIGRAtAIION;
STABILITY; OHGANOFHOSPHOFUS EISTICIDBS; PES1ICIDIS
The stabilities of metaphos, chlcrcphos, and
carbcphos in the soil depended upon their
structures, the soil activities, and the initial
concentrations of the insecticides. These
pesticides were retained longer in acidic sells
if their initial concentrations »ere substantial.
These pesticides were not primarily degraded by
soil microorganisms.
798-803
800
Hydrolysis of Propazine by the Surface Acidity of
Organic Natter
Searpass, D. C.; O.S. Dept. of Agriculture,
Eeltsville, Hd
Soil Set Soc Am Proc, 36(4), 606-610; 1972
HEFBICIDES; ADSORPTION; PH; PROPAZINE;
HYIHOIYSIS; ORGANIC HAITEB
Prcpazine (2-chloro-U, 6-bis (isopropylamino) -s-tri
azine) hydroylsis in acidic aqueous soil-free
systems was pH dependent, increasing with lower
pH values. At a given fH, degradation followed
first-order kinetics. At 23.5c, the relationship
was leg t(1/2) (days) - 0.59 pH -0.21. adsorption
ef prcpazine by organic matter prepared from
Richigan peat was also pH dependent, bat both
molecular and caticnic adsorption occurred. An
increased rate of degradation in the presence of
organic matter was postulated as due to
hydrolysis by ionized surface hydrogen.
Increasing the calcium saturation resulted in
decreased hydrolysis. Increasing the CaCll
concentration of the propazine-organic
matter-agueous system had no effect on acid
hydrolysis. In the salt-amended systems, an
increased hydrolysis, to be expected from the
lower pH in the ambient solution, was apparently
offset by a decreased hydrolysis due to the
lowered amounts of ionized surface hydrogen.
801
Adsorption Interactions in Scils Between Amitrole
and S Triazines
Hear pass, c.C.
Soil Sci Sec Amer Proc, 35(1), 64-68; 1971
IBCHI10HI; HERBICIDBS; ORGANIC IUTTEB; ACIDITY;
ADSOBFTION; SOILS; AHITROLE; S-TRIAZINE; TFIAZINE
eo;
Persistence of Foliar Protective "ungicides
Heely, D.
Phytopathology 60 (11). 1970 1583-1586.
fEESI£TS»CI; FUNGICIDES: PESTICIDES
803
Eiodegradation of Phenylmercuric Acetate by
Be ic ury- Resist ant Bacteria
Kelson, J.C.; Blair, V.; Brincknan, P.!.;
Colvell, F.R.; Iverson, W.P.; Cep. Bicrobiol. ,
Dniv. Maryland, College Park, Hd.
Hicrobiol. (APMBAT) 1973, 26(3) 321-6; 1973
tHINlIHEFCDRIC ACETATE; EACTHRIA; (1ERCORY;
BEGHACATIOH; PHINYLNISCDRIC ACETATE
127
-------
804-809
801
Fate of Trace-Metals (Impurities) in Subsoils as
Delated to the Quality of Ground later.; Final
Rept.
Nelson, S. E. ; Tuskegee Inst., Ala. Carver
Research Foundation.
Proj. OHBR-B-028-»LA: Contract
DI-U-01-0001-3053; Monitoring Afency B«port Nc.
W73-07802, 0»RB-I-028-ALA(3) ; PB 219H02/7; 181
p.; 1972, September
DATED; GROUND RATED; TRACE ELEHEITS; SCIL
CHEHISTRt; AGBICOLTOBAL WASTES; PRECIPITATION;
ADSOBPTION; BONCFF; HETALS: CHELATION; LI6ANDS;
FERTILIZERS; COMPOSITION; IOR EXCHANGE;
PESTICIDES; T8ANSPOBT; SOILS; SDISOILS
The report presents findings of a two-Tear studj
of the ground water pollution hazard froa
trace-metals vhich are applied io agricultural
chemicals. The study establish*! whether
movement through the soil constitutes a
significant source of trace-ietals found in
surface and ground water, identifies the
properties of sells that ccntiol the extent of
(quantity of) letals moving in aid through the
soil, establishes the relation of this lovement
to the concentiation of the taricus letals in the
vater originating on agricultural landt, and
examines the possible use of catlonic polymers or
other organic compounds in controlling the extent
of tracp-aetals in Hater.
805
Acticn of Atrazine and Simazine en the Soil
Fungi, and Decomposition of the Herbicides in Soil
Nepomiluev, V.P.; Kuzyakina. T.I.; Hosk. S.-Kh.
Akad. Is. Timirymieve, Hoscow, Dcsr
Biol. Nanki(BI»KBT). 15(8), 127-31; 1972
ATBAZINE; DECOMPOSITION; SOILS; 10*61; SINAZINE;
TBIAZINB; HEBBICIDBS; DBGBADATION
The effects of tirazine herbicides on soil fungi
depended on the physiochemical properties of the
herbicide and on the species of •icroorganlsi
used. Slsazine and atrazinc ver« both used a*
tutrient source! by ROCOB SPINOSOR, ASIIBGILLDS
NIGER, and PIRICILLDH TAfiDOH cultures. Atraiine
labeled with 14C «as degraded to 14C02 by the
•icroorganisis in various types cf soil. Thersal
and cheaical sterilization prevented atrazlne
breakdown in soil sample*, the icit intensive
and sost rapid deradation of atrazlne occurred in
peat-bog type soil. As the atraiine
concentration increased, the intimity of
herbicide degradation increased as did the time
period required for etraiine decomposition.
Inoculation of sterile soil ilth F. TAHDOB
restored the biological activity of the soil.
801
Persistence of Benomyl and Thiophanate Compounds
in Scil and Various Plants Following Soil
Application
Jetier, D. ; Dishon, I.; Volcani Cent., Agric.
Fes. Crgan., Bet Dagan, Israel
Phytotarasitica(PHPBA2) 1973, 1(1) 33-7; 1973
rOBGICIDES; PERSISTENCE; SOILS; PLANTS; BENOMYL-
1BIOFBANATI; TOMATOES; PEPPERS; EGGPIAUT;
HOSKtEIONS; DREHCH APPLICATION; LEAVES
Eeco»jl and thiophanate »ethyl-N»iH4 »er
-------
810-814
810
Determination of Dinitraiine Residues in Soil and
Plant Tissue
Newsoi, B.C.; Ritchell, E.N,
Corp., Anaheia, Calif.
O.S. Borax Res.
J. Agr. Food Chem. (JAfCAO) 20(6) 1222-H; 1S72
DINITRAHINE; GAS CEROMATOGRAPHY; HERBICIDES;
SOILS; RESIDUES; PERSISTENCE; HETHY10XIDE
EXTRACTION; FLORISIL COLOHN CHHOHATOGR APHY;
ELECTRON-CAPTORE GAS CHROHATCGRAIHY; NITROGEN;
GAS; FORAGE; CHOPS; IONIZATION; PLANTS
Dinitramine residues are determined by a »ethod
which involved H€OH Extraction, CH2C12
partitioning, flcrisil column chromatography, and
•eaurement by electron-capture gas
chroiatography. The coluin nas packed with gf-1
on varaport-30. N vas used as a carrier gas.
The column temperature vas 200 degrees. The
•ethod was applicable to soil, forage, and crop
samples, and gave good recoveries at geq.0.01 ppi
without subtraction of blanks. An alternative
•ethod utilized the saie extraction and cleanup,
but with alkali flame ionization detection. The
latter method was also qualitative at 0.01 ppi.
Application of these procedures to field samples
demonstrated that dinetraiine is readily degraded
by environmental conditions over the growing
season. Soil residues were less than 10> of
application levels in 100 dajs, while lature
plant tissue and crop saiples ccntained less
than 0.01 ppm dinetraiine.
811
Photolysis of the Herbicide Dinitramine
(N3.N3-Diethyl-2,U-dinitro-6-trifluoromethyl-i-phe
tylenediaiine)
Nevsom, H.C.; ioods, R. G.; U.S. Borax Corp.,
Anaheim, Calif.
J. Agricultural 6 Food Chemistry, 21(»). 598-601;
1973, July-August
DEGRADATION; PHOTOLYSIS; DINITBAHINE; HIRBICIDES;
COLUMN CHROHATOCRAPHY; TRIM-LAYER CRROHATOGRAPHY;
RECRYSTALLIZATIOK
The degradation rate and products cbtained on
photolysis of dinitramine are described.
Sunlight irradiation of a dilute aqueous solution
cf dinitramine resulted in rapid decomposition;
sunlight photolysis was also rapid in naturally
occurring waters. After irradiation, the product
mixtures were separated into pui< component! by
coluin chroiatography, thin-layer chroiatography,
and recrystallization.
812
Possibility of Relating the Dosage of Ereemergont
Herbicides to Sell Properties
•iemann. P.; Biol. Bundesanst. Land-
Forstwirtsch. , mst. Onkzautforacti.. Brunswick,
Germany
Nachrichtenbl. Deut. Pf lanzenschutzdienstes
(Brunswick) (SDPBA6) 1973, 25(1) 11-1U; 1973
A review with 27 references on the fate of
herbicides such as pyrazone and endothal in the
soil. The concentration of various herbicides in
the scil was related tc soil properties, that is,
hums content, clay, and sand. The practical use
of herbicides under a wide range of soil
conditions was Jiscusstd and determination of an
adsorption or activity index for each herbicide
in various soils vas recoimended.
813
Adsorption of Pesticides to Clay and Huaus
Colloids in Soils
Niemann, P.; Haas, G.; Eiol. Bundesanst. Land-
fcrstnirtsch., Inst. Dnkrautforsch., Brunswick,
Germany
Schriftenr. Ver. Hasser-, Boden-, Lufthyg. ,
Berlin-Dahlei(SVVILAS) 1972, Ho. 37, () 1S5-65; 1972
REHIIS; PESTICIDES; ADSORPTIOH; COLLOIDS;
DESOBETION; CATIONS; ION-DIPOLE; PHENYLnREA;
ATBAZINE; CALCIOM; MAGNESIDH; POTASSIUM; SODIOH;
FRCTCSATIOS; HYDPOGES EEIDGE; REDDCTION;
HL1C1FOLIT1S; SALTING OUT; ANITROLE; CALCIDH
CHtOSIDE; SATEH; CLAY; HOHOS; SOILS
Studies on interactions between soil colloids and
adsorbed pesticides along with factors
influencing adsorption processes are reviewed.
Eoth adsorption and desorption of pesticides may
te influenced by the presence and nature of
cations at the adsorption site. The formation of
•cntmcrillonite-cation-2,i»-D complex was noted.
lon-dipole bonding takes place between phenylurea
derivatives and cations. Adsorption of simazine
and atrazine is reduced on clayey soil saturated
with calcium, iagnesiui, potassium and sodium
ices. Protonation, hydrogen bridge formation, and
competition of pesticides and other adsorbates
are regarded as determining factors in adsorption
processes. Surfactants may enhance or inhibit the
adsorption of pesticides on soil components. The
reduction in solubility of the active agent in
the presence of electrolytes (salting out) may
increase adsorption while salt cations lay
displace the protonated active agent from the
colloid surface. A reduction in the sorption of
amitrcle vith increasing calcium chloride
concentration vas observed. Hater molecules and
natural organic soil components iay also modify
pesticide adsorption.
en
Decomposition of Triazine Herbicides
Nikolcva, G.; Bulgaria
SelsXcstop. Nanka(SENAlL) 1973, 12(1) 67-70; 1973
EElIBi; TRIAZINE; DECOHFOSITION; HETABOLISH;
SOILS; PLANTS; HERBICIDES
A reviev on the biological and nonbiological
factcrt of the decomposition of triazine
herbicides in the scil. The metabolism of
triaxine herbicides by plants is also mentioned.
SOILS; BIRBICIDES; F.AT1; PTROZCIB;
EHDOTHAL; HOHDS; CLAY; SAND; OSAGI; 1DSOBPTIOR
129
-------
815-819
815
Microbiological Activity and Breakdown of Casoron
Herbicide in tbe Soil
Nikolova. G.; Bakalivanov, D.; Kostinbrod Sto.,
Plant Prot. Inst., Sofia, Bulgaria
Sy»p. Biol. Hung. (SYBHAK) 1972, 11, 385-9; 1972
CASOROM; BACTSSIA; ACTIHOBICBTIS! FORGOS;
HERBICIDES; SOUS; HICBOFLOKA; GBORTH; GBEERHOUS1
Tbe herbicide, casoron (7.5 kg active ingredient
/ha) , inhibited the growth of soil bacteria,
actinomycetes, and fungi for up to 90 days. Soil
cultures of azctofcacter species were only
slightly inhibited by carscron. Carsoron
detozication was lore rapid in greenhouse studies
than in field studies, where carcoron «as
detected up to 150 days after application.
816
Biological Degradation of Hydrocarbons with
Special Deference to Soil Contamination
Hissen, T.T.
Tidsskr Planteavl 74 (3). 1970 391-405.
HERBICIDES; GAS CHBOHATOGBAPBT; CEGBADATIOH;
SOILS; UIEDKIILEBS; HTDHOCABBOMS; HICBCORGARISHS
After addition of weedkiller oil tc soil,
determination cf C02 production and gas
chroiatography and microbiological analyses were
carried out. In V weeks, greater than or equal tc
15* of the added weedkiller had been degraded by
the micro-organisms.
817
less Toxic Herbicides for Soil A(plication is
Transplanted Paddy Rice—Evaluation and Soie
Herbicidal Properties.
Noda, K.; Eguchi, s.; Ozawa, R.; Kyushu
Agricultural Experimental station, Chikugo,
Fukucka, Japan
Bull, (tyusha Agrlc. Ezp. Stn., 15, 59-123; 1970
noVEHBNT; CLAY; HITBOFEK; PBCHETFYRE; BOBILITY;
PERSISTENCE; HCFCA; tCBR; DBB; CDF; RIP; PCF;
SOILS; PADDIES; BICE; HEBBICIDES; JOLCARIC SOUS
In general, the downward lavement cf herbicides
in soil columns was less in alluvial volcanic
soil than in clay soil. For NIP (Ritrcfen), PCP
and Proaetryne it was greater at low
temperatures. For clay soil the order of
•obility was DCEN greater than DBH greater than
HCPCA greater than PCP greater than Froaetryne
greater than CNF equals HIP. Persistence in
soils was in the order: Prometrjne greater than
NCPCA, DCEN greater than DBN greater ttan CNP
equals NIP greater than PCP.
818
The Kinetics of Adsorption and Desorption of
2,4-D. 2,4.5-T. Pi cl or am and Amitrole on Forest
Flcot Material
Norrls, L. A.
Sea. Progr. Bep. Rest Soc., Reed Sci., 103-5; 1970
ADSOHFTIOR; 2,U-D; 2,4,5-T; PICLOBAH; AHITBOLE;
AHIBCIBIAZCLE; FOEESTS; HEBBICIDBS; ALIQOOTS;
DES08FTIOR
Ihe speed and degree of adsorption of 2,4-D,
2,4,5-T, picloram and amitrole (aminotriazole) on
forest floor material were found to vary with the
herbicide. Air-dried forest floor material (L, F
and R horizons) from a red alder (ALNOS BUBBA)
stand was shaken with the following herbicides:
C-1«-carboxyl labeled 2,»-D, 2,4,5-T picloram
(all at 30 degrees) and amitrole-5-C-1« at 52
degrees, the ratio of absorbent to liquid was
1: 10 and the concentration of the herbicide
0.000010 H. Alignots were filtered at intervals
from 5 to 360 minutes and the radioactivity
measured in a liquid scintillation counter.
Deeorption was assessed by equilibrating the
solvent with 0.000010 fl herbicide, removing the
unround liquid phase and then adding fresh
bnffer. Aliquots were withdrawn as before. At
equilibrium (30 degrees) , 3U» of the 2,4-D
criginally in solution was sorbed compared to 61%
for 2,4,5-T, 27H for picloram and 72U for
amitrole. Amitrcle required 2580 minutes to reach
equilibrium at 30 degrees but only 960 minutes at
52 degrees. Adsorption and desorption kinetics
were smiilar for 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T. Initially,
the desorption of picloram was more rapid than
its rats of adsorption. Desorption of amitrole
das slower than adsorption and the original
equilibrium was not reached; the degradation of
amitrcle observed in a previous study may account
for this.
819
Cegradation of Herbicides in the Forest Floor.
Vorris, L. A.; Forestry sciences Laboratory,
Corvallis, Oregon
Fart of "Tree Growth and Forest Soils",
Eroceedings of the Third North American Forest
Soils Conference, North Carolina State
University, Raleigh, August 1968. Toungberg,
C.T. and Davey, C. E. (Ids.). Corvallis, Oregon
State University, (p. 397-411); 1970
EEDIIR; HEBBICIDES; DEGBADATION; FOBEST SOILS;
FOBESIS; SOILS
A review in which the rates of degradation of a
number of herbicides are compared. (27
references)
130
-------
820-825
820
Environmental Contamination by Agrochemicals and
Their Residues in Soils
Nose, K.; Natl. Inst. Agric. Sci., Tokyo, Japan
Eisei Kaqaku(ESKCA2) , 19(4) 177-88; 1973
BETTER; PESTICIDES; RESIDUES; DD1; SOILS; HATER;
CBOFS; DICOFOL; ETHYITHIOHETCN; FEBSIST1NCI; EEC;
DECOHPOSITION; CRGANOHBRCOBT FUNGICIDES;
FUNGICIDES; DEGRADATION; HYDROLYSIS; L1PTOPBOS;
1PROCAHB; DIBE1RC1TE; BASSA; DECtAI; HIBBICItIS;
HALF-LIFE; INSECTICIDES; ROUTES; ESTGERS;
HYDROXILATION; AROMATIC RIHGS; DICCPOL;
TETHADIFOH; Ell BO SOL I AS; HTHC ; ALHTLATIOS;
AGROCHEMISTRY
The ideal pesticide has now greatly changed from
one of strong persistency to nealt persistency;
the safety evaluation of a pesticide has also
changed fro« acute toxicity to chronic toxicity.
Pesticide residues in crops and in soil are not a
great problem is review refers tc Silent Spring
and then th« dynamic status of DCT seen from the
global viewpoint and calculated ty a simulated
system by randes. The theoretical residue
amounts of repeatedly applied and contlnously
decomposed pesticides is presented. Experimental
results on pesticide residues arc shown for BHC
and organomercnr j fungicide as arc typical
degradation routes of ester pesticides such as
hydrolysis and hydroxylation of I-alky 1 and
aromatic tings. H-hydrorylation and de-alkylation
are indicated on representative pesticides.
Relatively stable intermediate compounds are
shovn. Kith DDT and BHC banned tte present
pesticides which are relatively resistant to
microorganisms in the soil are dicofol,
tetradifon, and endosulfan. The pesticides which
showed persistency more than a menth in soil are
ethyl-thiometon, dimethoate, leptcphos, bassa
(o-sec butyl-phenly N-methylcarbamate), aprccarb,
BTHC, and meobal. There are many herbicides
having a half-life in soil of mote than one
month; however, the time of application is cnly
once a year. These are applied early in the year,
and residues in crops would be far less than
those of insecticides and fungicides.
823
The Persistence of 2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic-Ac
id in Greenhouse Lysimeter Studies
O'Connor, G.A.; tierenga, P.J.; Dept. of
Agroncmy, Hew Mexico State University, Las
Crocet, UN
Soil Sci Soc Am Proc, 37(3). 398-400; 1973
HERBICIDES; H07BHENT; DEGRADATION; BIOLOGICAL
DET01IFICATIOH; PERSISTENCE; STSHETER; 2,4,5-T
•the persistence of 2,U,5-T was evaluated in an
agricultural soil under favorable microbial
conditions in lysimeters. Degradation was most
rapid in a soil previously treated with the
herbicide if extended periods of time did not
separate herbicide additions. The degradation of
2,4, 5-T was more rapid when the herbicide was
applied at 40 ppm than when it was applied at 80
ppi. The time required for biological
detoxification varied from »3 to 85 days
depending upon pretreatment and concentration of
the applied herbicide.
824
Behavior of Tritox-30 In Soil
Cbuchcwska, I.; Zakl. Rig. Komunaln., Panstw.
Zakl. Hig., larsaw, Poland
Rocz. Panstw. Zakl. Hig. (RPZHAS), 23(2), 1*7-54;
1972
IRIT01; SOILS; RESIDUES; DDT; HETHOXTCHLOR;
INSECTICIDES
In land patches treated nith tritox 30, DDT and
methcxychlcr residues persisted up to 2 years
after treatment. About 97.5-99% of the recovered
insecticides occurred in the top 10 cm of the
soil. The insecticides had also migrated to
10C-400 cm beyond the treated area. Extensive
flooding reduced DDT and methoxychlor levels by
37.5 and SOS.
821
Effect of Organic Carbon Contents and Temperature
of Soil on Decompositions of Nogcs 50 EC
Novak, A.; svarcewicz, H. ; wybieralski, J.; Akad.
Roln., Szczecin, Pol.
zesz. Nauk. Ryzsz. szk. Roln.
Slczecinie(ZfR»SJQ) , No. 9, 2S3-1; 1972
NOGOS; DECOHJOSITIOH; SOILS; ORGANCPHOSPHOHDS
INSECTICIDES; INSECTICIDES
822
Effect of Soil Hechanical Composition and
Temperature on Dtvp Decompositiot in Soil
Kowinska, J.; Wybieralski, J.; Inst. Glebozn.
Melior., Akad. Fein., Szczecin, fcland
Zesz. Nauk., Akad. Roln. Szciecinic (ZABSA8) ,
(38) | 299-303; 1972
DDVP; DECORPOSITION; SOILS; TEMPERATURE; CLAT;
PERSISTENCE; SANtT CLAT; COnFOSHICN; INSECTICIDES
rOa ddvp aiDDTP <
82!
Predicted Distribution of Organic Chemicals in
Solution and Adsorbed as a Function of Position
and Time for Various Chemical and Soil Properties
Cddson, J. K.; Letey, J.; Keeks, L.V.; Oniv.
Califcrnia. Riverside, CA
Proc. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. 34, 412-417; 1970
EQUATIONS; PESTICIDES; SO:RFACTANTS; HODEL;
HOVEHEHT; DIFFUSION; ORGANIC CHEMICALS;
DISTRIBUTION; ADSORPTION; BASS TRANSFER
Eguaticns describing the mass transfer of organic
chemicals (such as pesticides and surfactants)
through soil are presented, suing a model with
the assumed relationship Delta t - Alpha (Kc-S)
where S= adsorbed concentration and c and t =
soluticn concentration and time, respectively (K
and Alpha being constants) ; movement by diffusion
was assumed to ce negligible.
131
-------
826-832
826
Effect of Continuous Application of Herbicides on
the Cheiical Nature of Upland Soils
Oh, W.K.; Nunic. Coll. Agric.. S. Korea
Han'Guk Toyang Biryo HaKhoe Chi (tTEHAT.), 6(1),
9-16; 1973
HERBICIDES; SOUS; 10BOI; PH; HOBOS; CALCIOH;
MAGNESIUM; SODION; POTASSIOH; 2,1-D: LASSO;
PHENYL ETHER; FHENOXIDE; SODIDS
PENTACHLOBOPHENOTIDE: CARBOH; REIDS
Soil applications of the h«rtici<)€ lorcz (0.15
kg/10 are), decreased the ph, organic content,
calciun, nagnesiui, and sodiui of the soil and
increased potassiui application cf 4 other
herbicides, that is, 2,t-D, lassc,
2,1,6-trichlorophenyl it-nitrophenyl ether, and
sodiui pentachlcrophenoxide, increased the
organic carbon ccntent in the soil. The
continuous application of herbicides Bay alter
the need species in the field
827
Gas Chroiatographic Studies of Scrptive
Interactions of Norsal and Halogenated
Hydrocarbons vith Water-Modified Soil, Silica,
and Chroiosorb R.
Okaiura, J. P.; Savyer, D.T.; Dept. chei., Oniv.
California, Riverside, C» 92502
Anal. Chei. 15(1), 80-84; 1973
SORPTIOM; ADSORPTION; RKTTED SOUS; BBTEHTIOS;
PUHIGANTS; SOUS; CHROHOSOBB R; ECFASIIIC;
HALOGEKATED HTIPOCARBOHS; HOTEL ICOSiSIEH; SOU
HOIS TORE
The sorption characteristics of fniigants of the
halogenated (.ethane type v«re investigated bj GC,
using coluins of vetted soil, silica (Porasils E
and C) , and Chrciosorb R. Adsorption on the
water surface and absorption by the vatcr layer
Here the principal interactions vith the vetted
soils since retention of the fuiigants decreased
with decreasing water content. Results vere core
reproducible when soils vere brought to desired
water content by desorption. Rater on Chrcioacrb
R or Porasil c appeared to be a good lodel for
water on soil at all but very lov vater contents.
Data froi the lodel systeis lakec It pessible tc
calculate the aicunt of vatet on the soil
surface, the surface area of the aqueous layer,
and retention volnses of various ccsponnds. (21
refs)
828
Solubilization by Biochemical Heana of Irstnic
Bound to iron in the Soil
Olivier, H.B.; Le Peintre, H.
Ann. Inst. Fasteu, 88, 668-671; 1955
IRON; SOILS; AH1IROBIC F1RHEITATICR; AHSEilC
The anaerobic fetaentation or organic inbstances
dissolves by reducing the Fe in scil and causing
the As to pass into solution.
629
Residues of Aldrin, Dieldrin, Chlordane and DDT
in Scil and Sugar Beets-D
Ontagtr, J.A.; Eusk, H.S.; Butler, L.I.; O.S.
tepartient of Agriculture, Agricultural Research
Service, Takiia, Washington
J Been Bntoiol 63 («). 1970 11K3-11H6.
PESTICIDES; RESIDUES; 1LDRIN; DIELDRIN;
CH10SCANI; DDT; SOILS: SOGAR BEETS; HAIP-LIPE
The half-life in soil of aldrin was 3.1 lonths
for 20 lonths, after which only 1X of the initial
concentration retained. The half-life of the
aldrin plus dieldrin vas 8.5 lonths for 20
•onths, then, for dieldrin alone, the half-life
was 29.7 lonths. Chlcrdane and DDT half-lives
were 14.3 and 22.9 lonths, respectively.
830
The Bacterial Oxidation of It Methyl Iso Nicotinate
Orpin, C.G.; Knight, H.; Erans, B.C.
Eiochei. J., 122(5), 56; 1971
SOILS; P»R»Q01T; PESTICIDES; HETABOLITES;
OXIDATION; NICOTIMAT!
831
the Bacterial Oxidation of Picolinaiide
Crpin, C.G.; Knight, N.; Evans, R.C.
Eicche*. J. , 122(5), 57-58; 1971
SCILS; DIQOAT; H1HBICICES; HITABOLITES;
OXIDATION; PICOIIHIRIDI
832
In Approach to the Prediction of the Leaching of
Betticides in Soils
Osgerby, J.H.; Shell Research Ltd., Roodstock
Agricultural Research Centre, Sittingborne, DK
Proceedings, 11th British Reed Control Conference
Z, 7SJ-799; 1972
E1SICD1S; CH10RTHIAHID; DICB10BERIL; SOILS;
BE1ABCLITES; 2.6-DICHLOROBEIZAHIDE; MATHEMATICAL
HOtEL; LEACHISG; HERBICIDES; MODEL; VIWETABDS
The residue profiles of chlorthiaiid and
dichlobenil in four vineyard soils were
determined by soil analysis for the setabolite
2, ti-d ich lo ro ben zas ide.
132
-------
833-838
833
Sorption of On-ionised Pesticide* by Soils
Osgerby, J. R.; Woodstock Agric. BBS. Cen.,
Sittingbcrne, Kent, England
Part of Sotpticn and Transport Processes in
Soils. Ronogr. Soc. Cbei. Ind. 1C. 37 (63-78);
1970
REVIEW; ADSOBPTIOH; PESTICIDIS; SOILS; OK-IOIISED
PESTICIDES
1 review of the lechanisis, icascreiant and
effects of adsoiption of un-ionised pesticides by
coils. (34 references)
834
Processes affecting Herbicide Action in Soil
Osgerby, J. H.
Pestic. Sci.. 4(2), 247-258; 1973
BOOTS; ABSOBPTIOH; ADSORPTI01; DICCHPOSITIOII;
EVAPORATION; LEACHIHG; HATBEHATICAl HOEEL; SOILS;
HERBICIDES
835
Studies en the Scrption of Honolinoton and its
Availability tc Sole Plants
OstrowsKi, J.; Industrial Organic Cheaistry
Institute, Rarsau, Poland
Boczniki Gleboznaweze, 23(1), 51-75; 1972
SORPTION; HONOLINOEON;- AVAILABILITt; P1AMTS;
PKOPHiH; SOILS; ACTIVATED CABBOI; EZCHAHGE
BESIMS; FLOBSIL; ADSOBPTIOH; ORGANIC NATTEB; PH;
UPTAKE; IDITE HOSTAHD; COESIIOEI; BIAHS;
TBANSPIBATIOH; CLAT
The sorption of lonolinuion and prcphai on soils,
clays, activated carbon, exchange resins and
Florsil nere studied. Adsorption ly soils
depended upon soil type, particularly en soil
crganic latter content. Honolinutcn and propham
coipeted for adsorption sites in soil, neither
soil pH not teiperature affected adsorption. Ihe
availability and lechanisi of uptake of
•onolinuron by iihite Bustard, cornflower and
beans were studied. Availability differed
between plants and uptake was affected by plant
transpiration rates.
836
Effect of Certain Carbaiated and Pbosphated
Pesticides on the soil population tensity of the
Rotylenchulus-Beniforiis of Cottcn-D
Gossypiui-Barbadense-D
Oteifa, E.A. ; Gibrail, N.A.; Sedky, B. B.
igric Bes Rev (Cairo), 48(3), 129-131; 1970
HEHiTOCIDES; BIJHODOCTIOH; CAREA HATES;
EHOSPHATES; SOILS; COTTOH; PESTICItES
837
Cheiical and Ricrobial Degradation of Ten
Selected Pesticides in Aquatic Systeis
Paris, D.F.; Lewis, D.I.; latl. Environ. Bes.
Cent.-Corvallis, D.S. Boviron. Prot. Agency,
Athene, Ga.
Residue Bev. (BBET1H) , «5. 95-124; 1973
BEVIIi; PESTICIDES; RICBOBES; HERBICIDES;
USECIICIDIS; XNGICIDBS; DEGBADATIOII; AQOATIC
ECOSYSTBRS; CABBARATE; TBIAZIHE; ORGAHOCHLOEIHIC;
CFGA1CEHOSPHATES; SOILS; PEBSISTBHCE; WATER;
BICBOOBGAMISNS; POLTCBIOBIIATED BIPHEHTLS
The work reported in the literature concerning
the aquatic degradation of 10 selected pesticides
is suiiarized. These compounds represent a broad
range of currently used pesticide types,
including PCBs, herbicides, insecticides, and a
fungicide. These are representative of
catbaiates, triazines, organochlorines, and
crgancphosphates. These pesticides are discussed
in relation to their photocheiical, cheiical, and
•icrobial degradation. These processes were
•ainly studied in soil systeis. Aquatic studies
of pesticides were priiarily concerned with
toiicity of pesticides to fish and algae and the
persistence of pesticides in water. Little has
been done to identify degradation products or to
•easure reaction rates.
o - c
Hicroieteorological Heasureient of Pesticide
va;oi Flux froi Bare Soil and Corn under Field
Conditions
Fariele, L.H.; Leion, I.B.; Taylor, A.I.; OS
Cefaitient of Agriculture, University Park, PA
fater. Air and Soil Pollution, 1(4), 433-45; 1972
7APOB FLOI; COBS; HOVEIEHT; DIELDRIH; HEPTACHLOB;
IVAPCIEAHSPIBATION; SOILS; HATEBSHEDS; CBOPS
Evaluation of the loveient of dieldrin and
heptachlor froi a treated watershed was lade by
apclication of licroieterological estiiates of
evapctranspiration, using hourly data. The
computation of vertical pesticide flux rate used
the equation: F*Kz(delta p/delta 2). where the
vertical diffusivity ccefficient Kz for the
peeticide vapour is assuied egual to Kz for water
as aeasured by licroieteorological lethods. He
•ajoi sources or sinks for the pesticide within
the crop could be found and it was concluded that
peeticide vapour flux was directly froi the soil.
Pesticide flux rate during nighttiie hours was
zero.
133
-------
839-845
839
Soil Organic Matter Effect on Activity of
icetanilides, CD»A (N,N-Diallyl-2-Chloroacetimide)
, and Atrazine
Parochetti, J.V. ; oep. Agron., Only. Maryland.
College Park, Nd
Heed Sci. (WEESA6), 21(3), 157-60; 1973
HERBICIDES; FOXTAIL; ORGANIC HATTER; SCILS;
ATRAZIHE; TFIAZINE; ALACRLOR; PROPACHLOR;
ACETANILIDE; CHLCBOACETIHIDES; CCNIROL; HOMOS;
CDAA
Generally, as the organic tatter levels in the
soil increased fro* 0.8 to 18.7)1, the amount of
triazine herbicides required to decrease the
fresh top weight of giant green foxtail (SETARIA
VIRIDIS) by SOX as coipared to the control also
increased. For alachlor propachlcr, and
CDAA (2-hloro-N,N-diallylacetaiide) in field
experiments there vere no statistical differences
in fextail control between the chemicals at
different rates cr organic latter levels.
However, atrazinc control of fcztail vae
statistically lower with increasing organic
•atter levels, except for 2.6 kg atrazine/ha at
7K organic latter and 4.4 kg atrazine/ha at 7(
and at 17* organic latter.
840
Volatility of Dichlotenil
Parochetti, J. V.; Rein, Z.R.; Colby, S.B.
Weed Sci, 19(1), 28-31; 1971
HERBICIDES; VAPOR LOSSES; TENPZRATORE; SOILS;
HOISTORE; VOLATILIZATION: DICHLOEElIL
841
Behavior of Potassiui Azide in the Soil
Parochetti, J.V.; Barren, G. F.; University of
Maryland, College Park, Maryland
•eed Sci, 18(5), 555-560; 1970
HERBICIDES; SOILS; FDHIGAKTS; POTASSIUM AZIDE;
VOLATILITY; DISSIPATION; LEACHING; SOIL HOISIOHE;
DIFFUSION; ADSORPTION; PR; TIHPEIATURE; ALKALINE
'OILS; ACID SOILS
Volatility (dissipation) of KN3 in soil was
increased by an acid environment (due to rapid
conversion to NH3), and decreased ry increasing
•oisture (due to the water solubility of NH3).
The chemical was weakly adsorbed by different
soil types, and was subject to leaching.
Dissipation of RN3 was accelerated by high
teiperatutes and low ph, whereas it was prevented
in alkaline soil; diffusion of K«3 in coil was
restricted and only occurred in acid sell.
842
Degradation of Tiifluralin Older Laboratory
Conditions and Soil Anaerobiosis
Parr, J.P.; Siith, S.; O.S. tepartient of
Agriculture, Eaton Bonge, Louisiana
Soil Sci 115 (1). 1973 55-63.
IROPTL; SZQOEMTIAL DEALKILATIOI; HITRO 6ROOPS;
REDOCTION; PBOTCtBCOMPOSITIOl; HICEOBIC10GIC1L
ACTIVITY; HBRBICICES; BICROOBGMISHS;
TBIFLORAHV; ANAEROBIC; 1EROIIC; SOILS;
DEGHACATIO»; LOAM; SILT
fhotcdecoinposition of trifloralin in n-hexane
solutions iias rather slow at 200 ppm
concentration, but was rapid at concentrations of
0.1-1 tpm. In a silt loam soil amended with
lucerne leal, 99, 45 and 15% degradation occurred
under moist anaerobic, flooded anaerobic and
•oist aerobic conditions within a period of 20
days. From the results of various treatments
including autoclaving it was suggested that
micro-organisms were involved in the initial
degradation of trifluralin under anaerobic
conditions.
643
Soil Anaerobiosis. Part 2. Effect of Selected
Environments and Energy Sources on the
Degradation of DDT
Pair, J.P. ; Willis, G.H. ; Siiith, S.; Louisiana
State Dniversity, Agricultural Experiment
Station, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
Soil Sci, 110(5), 306-312; 1970
INSECTICIDES; ANAEROBIC; SOILS; DEGRADATION; DDT-
tit; ttE; LOAM; SOIL MCISTOEE; FLOODING;
BE1ABCLITES
In glucose-aiended crowley silt loam (pH 6.0) and
arch Icaiy fine sand (pH 7.9) incubated
aerobically in C02 free air or anaerobically in
»r, H2 and 112 » C02, DM degradation followed the
crder: ar greater than N2 greater than N2 * CO2
(80: ;C) greater than CC2 free air. After 4-week
incutation period, the degradation products were
•ainly ODD and some DDE. Flooding of soil was an
ineffective degradation environment. The mean
percent degradation of DDT in soil amended with
lucerne meal, rice straw and rice hulls was 38*
in cc2-free air, 41X in flooded soil and over 98X
in moist soil incubated in N2 cr Ar.
euu
Fate of Atrazine and Paraquat in Three West
Virginia Scils
Parra, L.A.; Best Virginia Oniv., Morgantown, w.
Va.
Thesis, iest Virginia Dniversity, Morgantown,
Rest Virginia, 114 p.; 1971
AT8AZIIE; tABAQDAT; SOILS; MINERALOGY
A dieter.
845
Integrated Method for Trifluralin, Diphenaiid,
and Paraquat in Soil and Runoff from Agricultural
land
layne, B.R.; Pope, J.D.; Banner, J.E.; Southeast
Znvircn. Res. Lab., O.S. Environ. Protection
Agency, Athens, GA
J. Agr. Food Chem. (JAFCAO) , 22(1), 79-82; 1974
rASAQOAT; GAS CHROMATOGRAPHT; DIPHENANID;
TBIPIOBAIII; COLORIHETH; HERBICIDES; SOILS-
BONOIJ; AGRICOLTORE
134
-------
846-850
846
Hoveient of Aldrin Heptachloi Residues in a
Sloping Field of Sandy Loam Texture
Peach. N.E.; schaffner, J.P.; Stiles. D.I.
Canadian J. of Soil Science. 53(1). «59-46«;
1973. Mo«eibar
BESIDOBS; PESTICIDES; SARD; TBANSFCBT; ALDBIM;
IIELCBIH; HEPTACBLOB; HEPTACELOR EPOXItE; IOAH;
SOILS; TOBACCO IAR5ING; BOVEUBNT; TCPOGBAPHY
The residues of aldrin, dieldrin. heptachloi, and
heptachlcr epoxide were investigated in woodville
sandy loaa soils that had been need for tobacco
farming. Movement of residues it a field
demonstrates that concentrations of residues can
be directly correlated vith the topography of the
land. The decrease is greatest at points of
highest elevation and less at loner levels. The
•ode of transportation of pesticide through the
soil is discussed.
847
Kinetics of the Decomposition in the Scil of
C1»-Labeled Urea as a Function oi the Soil
Moisture Content, the Introduction of festicides
and Live, and Soil pH
fel'tser, A.S.; Timiryazev Agr. lead., Hosccm,
USSR
igrokhiiiya, 10, 32-37; 1972
SOILS; TSACER; SOIL HOISTDBE; PH; LINE: ATRAZINE;
TBICBLOBfOH; HHBCORT CHLOSIDI; CCPPEB NITHAII;
SILTEB MITE ATE; CBCCWPOSITIOM; OBIA; TIHPESATOBE
The effects of soil Moisture content, coil pB,.
lime, atrazine, trichlorfon, mercury chloride,
copper nitrate, and silver nitrate ver« studied
on the rate of decomposition of cm-labeled urea
in a laboratory test. The presence of atrazine,
trichlorfon. ccpier nitrate, silver nitrate, and
•ereory chloride in the soil reduced tke
decomposition rate of area. Two hundred mg of
atrazine per kg cf soil increased the time
required (from 55 to 75 hours) fer the
decomposition cf 10 mg of urea per 100 g of soil
«ith 60t moisture content, a temperature of 18 C,
and a pH value of 6.7. AD equal dcse of
trichlorfcn inhibited the total decomposition of
area in soil after 36 hoars, by vhich time 80S of
the total area introduced was decomposed.
8«e
The Circulation of Pollutants in the Biosphere
Fesson, P.; Inst. Hat. Agronom., Paris
Iccn. Bed. Anim., 11/1» 3-10; 1973
DISPBFSION; TROPHIC REWORKS; CIRCULATION
IR1NSIORT; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; AQDATIC
ICOSTSTBHS; PESTICIDES; RADIOACTIVITY; BIOSPHERE;
BICTSAISPORNATIOH
The circulation of pollutants occurs mainly
through two different yet complementary routes.
firstly, pollutants may be transported physically
in their gaseous, solid or disolved state vhich
lead to their progressive dispersion. Secondly,
they may be transported by biologic means, using
the extremely complex trophic networks vhich
unite the organisms of terrestrial and aguatic
ecosystems. The functional nature and
envircnmental effects cf these two routes of
pollution circulation are examined and discussed,
with particular attention to the transport of
pesticide and radioactive pollutants.
8«9
txtentive nicrobial Degradation of DDT in Vitro
and DEI Metabolism by Natural Co««unities
Ffaender, F.K. ; Alexander, H.
J. Agr. rood Chem., 20(U), 8*2-6; 1972
CEI; CCD; DDKS; DBF; kBTHROBACTER;
CHLOROPHSHYL ACETIC ACID; HETABOLITES; ?RESH»ATEF;
(ICRCflOBA; SOILS
Extracts of HTDBOGENOflONAS cells converted DDT to
DDE, DDHS, and DBF, and several other products
under anaerobic conditions. P-Chlorophenylacetic
acid was formed when whole cells and oxygen were
subsequently added. A strain of arthrobacter
grew on chlorophenylacetic acid, and formed
p-chlcrophenylglycolaldehyde and other products.
The lajor metabolites formed by microbial
communities of sewage and fresh water containing
sediment were DDD and EBP, but small amounts of
CBHS and 1,1-diehloro-2,2-bis (p-chlorophenyl)ethyl
ene bat no chlorophenylacetic acid accumulated.
Added chlorophenylacetic acid was rapidly
decomposed by the sewage microflora.
85C
Detention of Emulsions After Broadcast Treatment
Fhil'denshtein, I.D.; Bezuglyi, S.F. ; Nesterova,
L.I. ; Yaklovleva, L.I.
Khim. Sredstva Zashch. East. (D81MYC) , Mo. 1,
291-1; 1970
CR10BOPHENOXYACITATE; EDNOFF; RETENTION;
PESTICIDES; EMULSION
135
-------
851-857
851
Petcent of copper Diffusing in the Adsorbed and
Electrolyte Solution Phases in Kaclinite and
Montmorillonite
Phillips, R.E.; Earnhisel, R.I.; Ellis. J.H.;
University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
Soil Sci Soc Am Froc, 36(1), 35-39; 1972
X-RAY FLUORESCENCE; DIPFOSIOI COIIJICIINT;
COPPER; KAOLIHITH; HOST»0»ILIO»UE; ELECTROLYTE
SOLDTIOH; ADSORP1ION; SOILS; CATIOIS
The apparent diffusion coefficient, da, of a
cation diffusing in soil was proposed to be dem *
(Dsm (dCs/dCsa)«'da»(dCa/Csa) )/(1 * dCp/dCsa)
where d(s)(i) and (9)D(a) (•) are the diffusion
coefficients of the cation in th«
electrolyte-solution phase and adsorbed phase
respectively. C(s), c
-------
858-862
858
Bovement of Benoiyl in Field Soils as Influenced
by Icid Surfactants
Pitblado, B.E.; Edgington, L.V.; Dtp. Environ.
Biol., Pniv. Guelph, Guelph, Out.
Phytopathology (PBYTAJ), 62(5), 513-16; 1972
SUBPACTAHTS; BEIOSTL; SOILS; IDNCICIDBS;
BOVEMEHT; GAFAC SURFACTANTS; DBGE»C»TIOH
PRODUCTS; PBOTOUJTIOH; ACIDIJICA1IO»; BBTB1L
2-BENZIBIDAZOLECABBAIIATE
The movement of benoiyl in the sell vac enhanced
by surface-active agents. One percent tveen 20,
fagac rs-710 and Safac ra-600 increased the
solubility of methyl 2-benzimidazolecarbamate,
the fungicidal bzeakdovn product of benomyl. the
solubilixation of Ne2-benzimidazclecortamate bj
surface-active agents is partially doe to
acidification and partially to another effect,
possibly micelle Conation. The gafac
curfactants, vhich solubilized
ae2-benzimidazolecartamate to a greater extent
than did Tveen 20, showed a greater capacity to
•ore the fungicide through the sell.
859
Photochemistry of Pesticides. Discussi.cn of the
Influence of seme environmental factors
Pliamer, J.B.; Plant Sci. Bes. Div., Agric. 8es.
Serv., Beltsville, Hd
Part of Pestic. Chei., proc. Int. Congr. Pestic.
Chea., 2nd(2«WAay) 1972, 6, «7-7€; 1972
REVIEW; PESTICIDES: FHOTODECOBPOSITIOH; SOUS;
CLAI; PCE; EHOTCCBEmSTBT; AESOBE1ION: SILICA;
ABSORPTION; DDT; 2,«,5-T; DICHLOEEHIL; DIOIUS;
FBOFHAN; CHLORCJBOPH»H; PROPANIL; TRIPIOBALIN;
DECOMPOSITION; AESOFPTION; SAVELJNGTH; SPECTBDR;
LIGHT; OXYGEN; BIACTIONS; CHIOBOfBSZOIC ACID;
CH10BOBZNZONITRILE; CHLOHOEHENOLS;
TRICHLOROPHENOLS; TETRACHLOBOPBEBOLS;
CICHLOBOANILINI; SENSITIZES BOIECOIE; CXIDATIOB;
TRANSFER
Intermolecular reactions, determined largely by
environmental ccnditions surrounding the
pesticide tolecule, to a large extent direct the
decomposition cf pesticides on the ground
surface. Solvent or surrounding tolecules lay
participate in these reactions. A change in the
energy required to trigger photodecomposition may
be caused by adsorption of the pesticide molecule
to the surface of silica or clay mineral, thus
causing a change in the maxiiui mclecular
absorption wavelength. Spectral changes resulting
froa adsorption to silica have been measured in
DDT derived coipcunds, 2,1,5-T, o-chlorobentoic
acid, 2,3,6-trichlorobenzoic acid,
o-chlorobenzonitrile, dichlobenil, dioxins,
prophaa, chloropham, 3,4-aichlorcaniline,
prop anil, trifluralin, U-chlcropkcnol,
3,4,5-trich1orophenol, 2,3,5,6-tetrachlorophenol,
and PCT. Photosensitized decoipcsition cccurs
when a sensitizer aolecule aksorrs light energy
and transfers it to a reacting species. In
photosensitized oxidation singlet cxygen lay be
produced by interaction of a sencitizer with
oxyaen. Singlet oxygen can cause reactions at
sites remote from those at vhich it is generated.
Therefore, photochemical reaction is possible
some distance away from the absorbing surface.
660
1,3-bis(3,1-dichlorophenyl) Triazine from
Prcpanil in Soils
Chisak, a.; O.S.
0. Agric. Pood Chem., 18, 859-861; 1970
Plimmer, J.B.; Kearney, P.C
Dep. Agric., Beltsville, (ID
CA1I01S; BBBAKDOHN; TRACER;
1, 3-EISO, V-DICBLOBOPHEHTL) TBIAZIRB; CLAI;
IBCPI1IL; SOUS; DIAZOHIDB; 3.M-DICHLOBOASILUIB;
HITBITl
In a Chikugo light clay soil, a major unknown
product vas isolated fro* 1ttC-ring labelled
rrcpanil. Its identity vas established as
1,3-tis(3,U-dichlorophenyl) triazioe and it vas
prebatly formed by coupling of an intermediate
diazoniui cation Kith 3,1-dichloroaniline; soil
nitrite vas probably involved in the formation of
the cation.
861
Phctoalteration of Pesticides: Summary of
loikshop
Pliaeer, J.B.; fiabson, B.
Science, 180(«091), 120
-------
863-867
863
Behavior of Hercury Compounds in Soils:
Accumulation ana Evaporation
Poelstra, P.; Ptissell, N.J. ; Van der Klugt, ».;
Tap, ».; Association Eurato«-ITAL, Institnte fcr
Ato»ic sciences in Agriculture, Sageningen, the
Netherlands
Part of FAO/ IAEA/BHO Symposium CD Comparative
Aspects of Food and Environmental Contamination,
Held at Helsinki, Finland, 1973, SA/17:/**. Sp-i
1973
1ERCORY.; SOILS; FUNGICIDES; ATOMIC ABSORPTION
SPBCTROPBOTOMETRY; NEOTBON ACTIVATION ANALYSIS;
flERCORY 203; MITHTLHERCORY.; DIBETEILNEECOFT;
SERCORt CHIORIBZ
The background lercury concentration in the top
20 centimeters of 10 uncontaminated European
soils vas 0.02 to 0.10 ppi (average O.C7); the
concentration vas lover in the 2C-100 ca. depth.
In the bulb growing area (where lercury
fungicides had been used fcr many years) the
concentration Has about twice as high over the
whole ploughing depth. The rate of accumulation
is low; the rate of leaching is low, as is the
rate of volatilization. Still higher values (up
to 10 ppm) are feiind in areas flooded by the
heavily polluted Rhine river. In some areas
reclaimed 50 years ago, the soil vas evidently
contaminated then and still is. Evidently, there
is some mercury being deposited «ith rain in
almost all areas: this comes from fossil fuels,
smelters, etc. and is higher near industrialized
areas. Experiments shoved ttat dimethyl mercury
evaporated guickly fro« soilf; mercury as the
chloride hardly at all and at CH2 Eg Cl or
mercury metal very slowly (1/2 tc 1 percent in
about 6 months from the experimental scil columns
kept at 20 degrees C). Continuous or interrupted
leaching Bay have affected the vclalization
slightly; the former increasing it for CH3HgCl
and decreasing it for metallic mercury.
864
Effect of Aldrin, Dielarir, and Heptachlor
Compounds on the Absorption and Translocation Of
BBC and DDT Insecticides from the Soil into Maize
Plants
Polizu, A.; Rom.
An. Inst. Cercet. Prot- Plant.. »cad. Stiinte
Agr. Silvice(APSVBN), 6. 257-63, 1970; 1972
CHGAHOCHLOHIHE INSECTICIDES; PLANTS; BHC; DDT;
CORN; ALDBIN; CIILDBIN; HZPT1CBLCB; ABSORPTION;
TRIVSLOCATIOH; SOILS
865
Aldrin, Dieldrin. and Heptachlor Persistence in
Soil and Accumulation of Residues in Pctato
Tubers Following Soil Application!
Polizu, A.; Roman, H.; Bogultann, G. ; Bolt, Italy
An. In at. Cercet. Prot. Plant., lead. Stiiate
Agr. Silvice(APS'BN) Home, Italy 1970, 8, 271-81;
1972
INSECTICIDES: RESIDUES; SOILS; PCtlTOBS; ALCIIB;
tlELCBXN; HEPTICHLOR; DOST KG; ACCOHoLATIOll;
EPCXItE; TRANSFORMATION; PERSISTENCE
Ihcn potato fields verc dusted with tt-18kg
aldrin, 2-6 kg dieldrir or 1.25-2.S kg
heptachlor/ha, the residues in the tubers
exceeded for 3 years the maximum permissible
concentration of 0.1 ppm. The residue
accumulation by the tubers decreased in the
following order: aldrin, dieldrin and heptachlor.
In bcth soil and tubers, aldrin was converted
into its epoxide to a higher degree than vas
heptachlor. In the soil, residues were still
present in small amounts at 30 months after the
treatments.
866
Soil Persistence of Fungicides—Experimental
Design, Sampling, Chemical Analysis, and
Statistical Evaluation
Polzin, v.J. ; Brown, I.r.; Santhey, J.A.; Agric.
Res., Eli lilly 6 Co., Greenfield, Indiana
Pestic. Monit. J., 1, 209-215; 1971
PASIUCL; CHLOHOPHENfL-trjilDINEHETHANOI;
BEGRATATIONj SOILS; PEBSISTBHCE; FUNGICIDES;
STATISTICS; ANALYSIS
The design and technique used to determine the
persistence of parinol, alpha, alpha-bis
(f-chlorophenylj-3-pyridinemethanol were more
than adequate; this compound degraded to less
than 10X of the total applied within less than a
year.
667
The Effects of Trace Metals en Ground Water
Quality as Influenced fcy Soils Reflecting
Differences in Organic Hatter Content and Genetic
Conditions
Fender, F.; luskegee Inst., Ala.
Thesis, Tuskegee Institute, Alabama; Monitoring
Agency Rept. No. H7M-02211, OHBR-B-028-ALA ("») •
Frcj. Om-B-028-ALA; 69 p.; 1971, Nay
TRACI METALS; GBOUNDNATER; SOILS; GENETICS; ZISC-
iBSOBFTIOH; LE4CHIHG; BOH OFF; WATER; DITALEUT; '
GBCORD VAT IP
A review of literature on the correlation between
organic matter and zinc content of soil and an
investigation of zinc absorption using four
different types of soil. These soils, which were
selected to represent a vide range of organic
matter contents and genetic conditions, vere
prepared and submitted to studies of zinc
adtotption and leaching. Soil and run-off water
vere analyzed for zinc content. It is concluded
that organic matter is mainly responsible for the
retention of zinc oc other divalent metal by
forming stable complexes. Grouodwater having
passed through soils high rather than lov in
organic utter vill contain leaser quantities of
divalent cations.
138
-------
868-874
868
Effect of Solax Radiation on the Decomposition of
Herbicides on the Soil Surface and on their
Phytotoxicity
Popov, N.T.; Ladonin, V. F.
Tr. Vses. Nauch.-Issled. lost. Odobr.
Agropochvoved. (TVOAAG), Do. 51, 220-H; 1971
HERBICIDES; PRITOTOIICITT; LIGHT; FBOPiZINE;
CIUROK; ETEAHIH
The herbicides ptopazine diuton, and pyramin loss
some of their phytotoxicity toward oat plant:
when applied to sunlit soil at 2, 5, and S kg/ha,
respectively, 65 flays before the oats wece
planted. Coco and pea plants were ioce sensitive
to the phytotoxicity of these herbicides when
they were grown in full sunlight than Khan they
they vere grovn in the shade. The herbicides
suppressed peroiidase activity in the leaves of
the plant to a greater extent in Igiht than in
shade. Since it is known that pcrczidase is
involved in plant resistant to herbicides, this
loss is enzyme activity lay explain tht plant
se nativity to herbicides in light.
869
A Mew Physical Theory of the Node of Action of err
Pradhan, S.; Rangarao, P.V.
Experimental, 22(9), 619: 1966
THEORY; CDT
871
The Distribution and Nature of Arsenic in Soils
of the Bathurst. New Brunswick, District
Fresant, E.S.; Tapper, R.H.
Econ. Geol, 61, 1760-767; 1966
DISTRIBUTION; ARSENIC; SOILS
872
Use of Herbicides on Carrot Crops on Peat Soils
Frcskcia, U.S.; Okr. Sauk. Dosl. Inst.
Zeilercbstva, Kiev, osss
Jisn. Sil's' Rogospod. Rauki (VSNAAG) , 6, 70-75;
1913
HIRBICIDBS; SEEDS; CARHOTS; FFOPAZINE;
FBCHBIBTHE; TFICHLOEOACETATE; LIHOHOH; ALIFOB;
IE AT; SOILS
873
Iffect of an Organo Mercury Fungicide on
Saprophytic Fungi and en Litter Decomposition
Pugh, G.J.F.; iilliais, J.I.
Trans. BE. Hycol. Soc. , 57(1), 16H-166; 1971
GRASS; SOILS; HE8CDBI; FOHGICIDES; PDSGI;
DECOKEOSITIOR
870
Respiratory Effects and The Decomposition of Some
Pesticides in Soil
Praaer, D.; Bartha, B.
Part of Priiaveai, A. (Ed.), Progress in Soil
Biodynaiics and Soil Productivity, Pallotti,
Santa Maria, Brazil, 1968 Rutgers University, Ren
Jersey (p. 29-33) ; 1968
PESTICIDES; PRODUCTION; CHLOBIHATEB HYDROCARBONS;
RESPIRATION; NITRIFICATION; CABBABATES;
CYCLODIENES; PHENYLUHEA; THIOLOAHBAHATE; AMIDES;
AMILIDES; ORGANOfHOSPHATZS; EHEN1LCARBAHATES;
TRIAZINE; PROPIOBANILIDE; 3,«-D JCHL08CANILIHE;
TBTR»CHLOBOASOBE»ZENI; HERBICIDES: SOILS:
PERSISTENCE; TRAHSFORHATI01I; DTCCKIOSITIOH
The influence of 30 pesticides on C02 production
and nitrification by soil microorganisis was
determined. A few compounds were stable but
without significant effect in soil (chlorinated
hydrocarbons), some persisted and depressed
respiraticn and nitrification (carbamates,
cycliodienes, phenylureas, thiolcacbamates), and
others displayed toxicity cut were transformed by
soil micro-organisms (amides, anilities,
organophosphates, phenylcarbamatcs, trizaines) .
Some compounds cf the last type induced an
initial increase and subseguent decrease in C02
production by soil. The herbicide 3',
K'-dichlcroproficnanilide decomposed in soil to
C02 and 3,4-dichloroaniline, and two mclecnlos cf
the latter compcnnd condensed to ferm 3,3', 1,
I'-tetrachloroascbonzene. Scil microorganisms
were involved in toth transformaticns.
871
Arsenite Oxidation in Soil
Questel, J.B.; Scholefield, P.G.
Soil Science, 75, 279-285; 1953
ABSERITE; HI CROC RG AN IS US; SOILS; ADSORPTION;
SOEIOfl ARSIHATE; ARSENIC
Arsenite undergoes biological oxidation to
arsenata in soil. On repeated perfusion of a
soil with arsenite, conditions are obtained under
which arsenite is cxidized at a constant rate.
Addition of sodium azide to soil eliminates the
oxidation cf arsenite. The presence of
sulfanilamide also inhibits arsenite oxidation in
soil, but adaptation rapidly occurs. Arsenate
per s* has no deleterious effect on arsenite
oxidation. Arsenite is adsorbed by soil, the
extend of adsorption at pH 7 being directly
prcpcrtional to the concentration of arsenite. A
small but constant amount of arsenite is
apparently bound irreversibly to the soil. The
final rates of arsenite oxidation by soils
repeatedly perfused with arsenite depend on the
pH of the perfusate and the concentration cf
arsenite. After many perfusions of sodium
arsenite at pH 7 the oxidizing ability of an
enriched soil decreases. Soils enriched with
arsenite-oxidizing organisms are capable of
enrichment also with nitrifying organisms. These
crganisis apparently develop &t separate sites on
the scil surfaces. This acccunts for the fact
that repeated alternate perfusions with ammonium
ions and with sodium arsenite result in rates of
nitrification and arsenite oxidation almost
identical with those of soils exposed to either
sutstrate alone. The extents of oxygen uptake of
enriched soils in the presence of sodium arsenite
were measured •anometrically; the amounts were
those predicted for oxidation to arsenate.
139
-------
875-882
875
Arsenite Oxidation in Soil
Questel. J.R. ; Scholefield, E.G.
Soil Sci.. 75. 279-285; 195J
ARSENITE; OXIDATION; SOILS
876
Photoalteration of Pesticides: Summary of
Workshop
Babson, B. ; Plimmer, J. R.; Biol. Bisect, Di».
Bioied. Environ. Res., 0. S. Atomic Energy Con.,
Washington, DC 205U5
Science, 180(0091), 120H-1205; 1973
REACTION PRODUCTS; SOILS; REVIB8; IBOTCCHEBICAI
ALTERATIONOIC; DEGRADATION; BAHSALS; INSECTS;
EIELDRIN; RESIDDES; VOLATILITT; CIIDATION;
PHOTOREDUCTIOH; FHOTODIBERIZATION; HALOGEN BOKO
CLEAVAGE; PHOTOALTERATIONS; PESTICIDES
A workshop was held at the National Academy of
Science, Washington, DC, April 6-6, 1972. by the
U.S. Atoiic Energy Commission and the D.S.C.A. tc
evaluate the iiccrtance of photochemical
alterations in pesticides and to determine the
possibility of using such in format ion for the
improvement of future strategies of pesticide
use. In general, photochemical degradation
products are less toxic to mammals and insects
than the parent compound, but there are notable
except lions like dieldrin. few cf the reactions
are documented, and residue tonitoring systems do
not detect their products. Volatility, type of
application, soil characterittics, and other
factors influence the exposure of pesticides to
light. Photochemical oxidation, including the
reaction cf free radicals with oxygen to give a
peroxy radical, is an important aspect of th«
phencmenon. Photoreduction, photodiierizaticn,
halogen bond cleavage, and enhancement of phenol
acidity may also be significant ID the natural
environment. Research in the area of
photochemical alteration appears tc be decreasing
although much icte must be known before
standardized estimation and prediction of
photoalterations can be formulated.
877
Residues in Soils and Stra»berries-D Resulting
from Siiazine Applications
Ragab, H.T.H.; Leefe, J.S.
Can J Plant Sci, 52(2), 1«7-1U9; 1972
HERBICIDES; BEEIS; RESIDUES; SOUS; STBAIB1RRI1S;
SIHAZINE
876
Persistence of Trifluralin Order Field Conditions
in Saskatchewan
Rahman, A.; Ashford, R.; crop Sci. Dep., Univ.
Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada'
Can. J. Plant Sci. (CPLSAY) , 53(2) «21-3; 1973
TRIFIORALIH; SOILS; RESIDUES; HERBICIDES-
PERSISTENCE; BILLET; BHEAT; HELD APPLICATION
When 1.12 or 2.2U kg trifluralin/ha was applied
in the field, the soil contained sufficient
trifluralin to produce a phytotoxlc effect on
geriian millet (SETARIA ITALICA) after one growing
season. A rapid decline in the amount of
triflcralin residue occurred during the first 2
months of the second growing season. The presence
of wheat (TRITICOH AESIIVUM) crop had no effect
en the persistence of trifluralin in the soil.
879
Soil Degradation of Twc Phenyl Pyridazinone
Herbicides
Rahn, t. R. ; Zimdahl, R.L.; Dep. Bot. Plant
fathol.. Colorado State Oniv., ?ort Collins, Colo.
»eed Sci. (BBESA6). 21(1), 31«-17; 1973
PTRIEAZIN01IE; HERBICIDES; SOILS; SAN 6706-
DEGRATATIOM
88C
Residues of Atrazine and Siiazine, and of Their
Hetabclites, in Soil after Long-Continued
Application
Ramsteiner, K.A.; Hermann, B.D. 0.; Eberle, D. •
Cita-Gaigy, Basel, Switzerland '
Sonderheft Zeitschrift fur Pflanzenlerankheiten
(Plfanzenpathologie) und Pflanzenschutz, 6.
«3-52; 1972
RESIDUES; SOILS; LOAM; SAND; HETABOLITES;
BEEBICIDES; SIBAZINE; ATRAZINE
Residues and metabolites of the s-triatine
herbicides were determined in sandy loams after
annual applications of 6 kg/ba simazine or 10 kg
atrazine over periods of 10-13 years.
881
Biedtgtadation of Halathion
Randall, C.W.; Laoderdale, 8.A.
Jour. San. Eng. Div., Froc. tier. Soc. civil
Ing., 93(516), 1«S; 1967
EIOD1GRADATION; DEGRADATION; MALATHION; PESTICIDES
882
The Arsenic Content in Soil Following Repeated
Applications of Granular Paris Green
Rathturn, C.B.
Roiqaito Hews, 26(4), S37-34; 1966
ABSEIIC; GRANOLAH PARIS GREBI; SOILS; PESTICIDES
140
-------
883-886
883
Residue and Action of Beooiyl on Fungi in Soil
Saynal, G.; Ferrari, 7.\ Inst. Natl. Agron.
Grignon, Thiverval-Grigon, Fiance
Fails
Phytiat.-Phytophar*.
-------
887-891
887
The Move lent and Iipact of Pesticides Used fcr
Vector Control en the Aquatic Environment in the
Northeastern Dnited States.
Reese, C.C.; Becker, D. L.; Little (Arthur D.),
Inc., Cambridge, HA
Pesticide Study Series 9; Contract DI-68-01-0129;
Monitoring Agency Sept. Ho. IPA-OwP-TS-OO-72-OS;
9; PB-217 8«3/2; 23a p.; 1972, July
SALT NARSHES; PERSISTENCE; PIETHOITCH 10S; 1ATIR;
MIMALS; RESIDOIS; INSECTICIDES; PISTICIDES;
tOLICIDAI; INSECTS; SWAMPS; ECT; CIELDSIH;
HA1ATHION; PIRETHROH; BIOCIDIS; IA8VAE; NIHEIAL
OILS; AQOATIC ESTUARIES; BIOEETERIORATION;
HETABOLISH; DISEASE VECTORS; HCSCOITOBS;
A BAT EM EN 1; STAGMINT RATER; DRAINAGE; ACQATIC
ECOSYSTEMS
In the Northeastern United States the losguitc
abatement prograis ace conducted for the vector
control of eastern equine encephalitis, to reduce
the nuisance problei caused by acsquitces, and tc
enhance recreation areas. Typically, these
programs consist of the application of pesticides
(Vectoricides) and the drainage cf stagnant
water. The report sunarizec a case stud; of a
specific vectoricide nse situatico documenting
the kinds and quantities used, their route from
the point of initial application into the water
environment, their ultimate effect on the
acosystea, and the lavs and regulations vhieh
affect their use. Cape Cod was chosen for the
study area.
888
On the Residue Cynamics of the Product* Tirzilin,
Trakephon and Beiceaa-CCC in the Sell
Reifenstein, R.; Czyrnia, I.; Beitz, a.; Bid.
Landesanstalt Berlin der Akad. der
Landwirtschaftsviss. der DDR, Inst. fuer
Pflanzenschutzfoischung Kleinaachnow,
Kleinaachnov, EBB
Nacbricbtenbl. PflanienschutJdienst DDE, 27(10),
20H-207; 1973
BESIDOES; TRIZILIN; TRAKEPHOi; LCESSj SOILS;
HODEL EXPERIMENTS; DIPREITL ZTREE; HALf-LIPZ;
DECOaPOSITION; SAND; COMPOST
The residue dynaiica of 2,4-dichloro-l'
nitrodiphenyl ether (active agent cf trizilin),
1-bntyla»inocycloheiane phoschonic acid dibntyl
ester (active agent of txakefhon), and of
chlorieguat chloride (b«rceia-CCC) in loess,
sandy, and coapcat soils ««re studied in aodel
experisents. Ciphenyl ether proved to be highly
persistent over several aonths in ill types of
soilf tested. An initial concentration of 1-5
pp» fell to 2.8-3.6 pp« in 107 days. Trakephon
had a half-lit* of 8 to 11 days. Ho residue! cf
chlorBeqnat were detected in loeias soils 28 days
after introduction. Only slight penetration vat
found for diphenyl ether and tcakephon. Although
chloraeqaat is highly vater-soliitlc, it is net
considered to be a potential grcundnatcr
contaminant on account of its rafid decoipositiCD.
889
A Hierarchy of Models for the Behavior of Bercurv
in th« 3cosyste»
Beiniqer, P.; frissel, d.J.; Poelstra, P.; Beek,
Fart cf Melsh, c.R. (Ed.), International Atoiic
Energy Agency Proceedings Series. Nuclear
Techniques in Environnental Pollution, Syaposiua
Dniput, Inc., He» lock, NY, (p. U07-«1U) 810 D •*
1971 P"
CHFOHJTOGRAPHT; TPANSPCET; SOILS; HADIOACTIVITI-
eCCEIS; BEFCOET; MOCEL tCOSYSTEd ' '
890
EeEticides in the Soil froi the cauliflower
Eistrict in Vintrie Skare
Benvall, E.; Lindskog, E.
Vaitskyddsnotiser, 36(3-«). K8-51; 1972
ALCBIS; DIFLDHIN; DCT; DDE; 1INDANE; PERSISTENCE-
FESTICIDES; SOUS
891
Fate cf Carbon-10-labeled Chloroneb in Plants and
Soils
Rhodes, E.G.; Pease, H.I.; Brantley, B.K.; Ind.
Eiochei. Dep., E. I. Du Pont De Neaours And Co.
Inc. , iilaington, Eel.
0. Agr. Pood Chei(JAFCAD), 19(11), 7U5-9; 1971
CRIOIC1EB; FONGICIEES; BETABOLISS; PLANTS; SOIL=>
HBTABCL1TES; QOINOMES "'
Chlorcneb uptake by cotton and bean plants was
deionEtrated, the fungicide teing priiarily
concentrated in the roots and lower stea portions
of the plants. Chloroneb and its principal
•etabclite, 2,5-dichloro-U-ietboxyphenol
accounted for 95* cf the residues extracted icon
treated plants, appearing in a 1:1 ratio. Saall
aacunts of 2,5-dichlorequinone and
2, 5-dichlorohydroqninone were also detected. The
half-life of chloroneb-ltc in soil was greater
thin 3-6 souths vhen incorcocated into the soil
Z-3 in. below the surface at a rate of 2 Ib/acre.
About 90X of the residual activity recovered froi
treated soil was intact Chloroneb.
142
-------
892-896
892
Retention of 3 Insecticides on Different Size
Soil Particles Suspended in later
ftichardsco. E.H.; Epstein, E.
Soil Sci Soc Aa Proc. 35(6), 88H-887; 1971
DDT; HETHOXtCHLOB; EHDOStJLPAN; PESTICIDES;
RESIDUES; 08GIHIC BATTEB; PABTIC1I Sill;
8BTEHTIOH; INSECTICIDES; SOU PARTICLES
Detention of DDT and lethoxycblor was greatest in
the less than 0.08 licroieter and 0.5-0.08
•icroieter fractions of both the 8 horixon of a
silt loai (pH 6.5, Cic 13.5, organic latter 0.9*)
and the X horizon of a second silt loai (pH 5.5,
CEC 24.il, organic latter 3.3*). Indosulfan
retention «as also greatest in the fine clay
fractions of the B horizon samples bnt in the *
horizon samples endosalfan retention was greatest
in the sand fraction (2000-50 licicieter) .
Retention DDT and lethoxycblor by the fine clay
fractions and of endcsulfan by all clay fractions
of the B horizon saiples was greatly reduced ty
organic latter reioval with H202 treatient. The
retention of DDT and Mthoxychlor was slightly
increased in the 0.5-1 and 1-2 licroieter clay
fractions by organic latter reioval. H2O2
treatient decreased retention of all 3
insecticides by the A horizon saiples except for
the retention of DDT by the 0.5-1 and 1-2
licroieter fractions which vas increased.
in size fro» 1.9-3.8 acres and located in the
loesgial soil region of western Iowa. Two of the
watersheds were planted to ridged corn, and two
were planted to surface-contoured corn. loveient
of atrazine, propachlor, and diazinon in the soil
profile and degradation cf these pesticides were
•easured. Pesticide losses were iuch greater
fro the surface-contoured watersheds than the
ridged watershed, significant aiounts of
surf ace-applied atrazine and propachlor were
reioved froi the surface-contoured watersheds by
stcris occurring shortly after the pesticides
were applied. Insignificant aiounts of diazinon
were reaoved in the surface runoff and sediaent.
Generally, pesticide concentrations were higher
in the ssdiient than in the runoff water;
however, greater total losses were associated
with the greater volu«e of water.
895
Environmental factors Affecting the Hoveient of
Atrazine, Propachlor, and Diazinon in Ida Silt
Loai
Bitter, V. t. ; Iowa State Oniv., Ales, Iowa
Thesis, Iowa State University, Aies, Iowa
(238p.): 1971
ATBAZINE; SOILS; PHOPACHLOH; DIAZIHON; MOVEMENT;
SIIT; LOAM
893
The Noveient of ICT in Forest Soil Solutions
Riekerk, H.; Gessel, S. P.
Soil Sci. Soc. Ai. Proc,, 32(1), 595-6; 1968
«0»EHEIIT: FOREST SOILS; DDT; SOUS
89«
Atrazine, Propachlor, and Diazincn Residues en
Siall Agricultural Ratersheds. Runoff losses,
Persistence, and Hoveient
Fitter, V.F.; Iowa State Oniv., Aies, lova
En*. Science E Technology, 8(1), 38-42; 1974,
January
ATRAZINE; PHOPACHIOR; DIA2IHCB; iATIRSBEDS;
RDNOFF; PHRSISTIHCE; ROVEHERT; BESIDDE!;
DE68ADATIO"; PESTICIDES; SEDIMENTS; SOUS; LOESS;
CORK
Atrazine (2-chloro-4-ethyl»»ino-€-isoptopyla»ino-s
-triaiine), propachlor (2-chlorc-H-isoiropyl8cetan
ilide) , and diazinon (0,0-diethyl
0-<2-isopropyl-6-«ethyl-»-pyriiidinyl)
fhosphorcthioate) losses in sediient and surface
runoff were leasured iron four watersheds ranging
896
Eiffusion of Atrazine, Propachlor, and Diazinon
in a Silt loai Soil
Fitter, S.F.; Johnson, H.P.; Lovely, W.G.; Dep.
Agric- Eng., oniv, Delaware, Newark, De
Sstd Eci. (SEISA6) . 21(5), 381-U; 1973
PESTICIDES; DIFFUSION; SOILS; DIAZINOH; ATBAZINE;
IBCP1CHLOR; SILT LCAH; SILT; LOAH; TEHPEBATDRE;
SATEB; BOLK DENSITY; MOISTDRI; DIFFUSION
COIJflCIENT; H07EMENT; DENSITT
The effect of soil teirerature, soil loisture
content, and soil bulk density on the diffusion
cf diazinon, atrazine and propachlor in silt
lea* soil was studied in the laboratory. The
diffusion coefficients for propachlor, atrazine,
and aiazinon were 1.90, 1,36, and 0.63 n2/day,
respectively, at 27 degrees. The greatest aionnt
cf loveient occurred at high temperatures and
•oistare contents. Soil loisture had the least
effect on diazinon loveient, a soaewhat greater
effect on propachlor icveient, and the greatest
effect on atrazine ioTe«ent. The loveient of all
3 pesticides decreased with an increase in the
sell balk density.
143
-------
897-903
897
Herbicides for Flue-cured Tobaccc.
Persistence
2. Soil
Rodriguez, E.B.; Rorshas, A.D.; Earket Dev.,
Monsanto Venezuela C.A., Apartadc Postal 6177,
Caracas 101, Venezuela
Tob. Sci.. 17. 170-174; 1973
TOBACCO: BESEFIH; ISOPROPALIB; PIEOLATI; R-7465;
HERBICIDES; DISSIPATIOH; OATS; BBIAT; SCI IS;
PERSISTENCE
Bioassays of soil from tobacco fields treated
with R-7465. benefin, isoptopalin, or tabulate
shoved R-7465 to be the lost persistent with 8C,
48, and 42* of 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 Ib/acre applied
regaining after 20 weeks. Rhen incorporation was
pre-bed with the disk as compared to post-bed
incorporation with a power-driven rotary hoe, a
greater concentration of all herbicides was found
in the 3-to 6-inch scil layer than in the 0-
3-inch depth. Dissipation of tetcfin and
isopropalin did not vary significantly with
method of incorporation, bat disk-incorporated
pebulate disappeared more slowly at the 3- to
6-inch depth. Oats and wheat planted after
tobacco harvest were not injured in tie benefin,
isopropalin, or tabulate-treated plots, but were
almostly completely killed fcy residues in plcts
treated at 1 Ib/acre 8-7465. (19 references)
898
Degradation of Carbaryl by soil eicroorganists
Rodriguez, L.D.; Oniv. Kentuckj. lexington, KT
Thesis, University of Kentucky, Lexington,
Kentucky; Oniv. Hie refills, Ann Arbor, Rich.,
Order Ho. 73-29, 908; 1973
CA8BAFTL; SOILS; (IICGOORGARISHS; INSECTICIDES;
DEGRADATIOR
901
Degradation of tt Phony! (Jrea Herbicides by Mixed
Populations of Microorganisms for 2 Soil Types
Boss, J.A.; Tweedy, B.C.
Soil Eiol. Biochei., 5(6), 739-746; 1973
ILCOHITOHON; CHLOECXOHCN; METOBROMORON;
CHICREROMnRON; DENETHOXILATION; ANILINE;
HttRCIISIS; METABOLISM; SOILS; DEGRADATION-
FHIN11 UREA; HERBICIDES; MICROORGANISMS
902
Halonic Acid Conjugaticn by Soil Microorganisms
of a Pesticide-Derived Aniline Noiety
FOES, J.A. ; Tweedy, B.G.; Dniv. of Missouri,
Dept. of Plant Pathology, Coluibia, BO 65201
Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and
Toiicclogy, 10 («), 234-236; 1973, October
ACARICIDES; ANINES; EIODEGRACATION; ANILINE
HOIET1; HICROORGASISBS; HICROEIAL ACTIVITY;
SOILS; CHLORDISEPORH; BALINIC ACID; PESTICIDES
The conversion of the aniline loiety of the
acaride chloridmefori to its malonanilic acid
derivative is described. Nixed population
cultures of soil microcrganisms were prepared by
suspending 0.5 g of'soil in 50 ml of synthetic
•ediui containing 25 ilcrogram/il of
chlordimeform. After incubation and treatment,
samples were analyzed. In the soil cultures, 701
cf the parent compound decomposed. A major.
previously unreported metabolite which was not
present in the controls was fcund in each
inoculated culture, predominantly in the acidic,
ncnaqueous fractions. The compound was isolated,
purified, and a mass spectral analysis made.
Conjugation of the aniline moieties of pesticides
vith lalonic acid may te a significant
transformation in the soil.
899
The Effect of Arsenic Trioxide on the Srowth of
white Spruce Seedlings
Rosehart, R.G; Lee, J.T.
later Air Soil Pollut, 2(4), 439-443; 1973
GROWTH; RETARDATION; SOILS; 1BSIIIC TBIOIIDE;
TREES; SPRUCE; SIIDLINGS
900
Arsenic Fixation in Delation to the Sterilization
of Soils vith Sodium Arsenite
Roaenfela, R.S.; Crafts, a.S.
Bilgardia, 12(3), 203-229; 1939
ARSEBICS FIX1TI01; STERILIZATION; SOUS; SODICH
ARSBIITB
903
Movement and Accumulation of Mercury in Apple
Trees and Soil
Ross, E.G.; Stewart, D.K.R.
Canada J. Plant Sci., 42, 280-285; 1962
HOVEHINT; ACCDHOLATIOK; HERCORI; APPLE TREES;
AEPLE ORCHARDS; SPRATS; PBINTLHERCORIC ACETATE-
RESItOIS; IOLIAGE; FROITS; LEAVES; TRANSLATION-
OPIAKI; ROOTS; SOUS; IERSISTZIICB; APPLES; TREES*
In a mature apple orchard which received 21
pre-ccver sprays of phenylmexcury acetate in five
year* and 9 sprays in two years, residues of
1.11 and 0.5 ppm mercury occurred almost entirely
in the top two Inches of soil. The mercury moved
from the foliage to growing fruit and new leaves
by translocation, but there was no uptake through
the roots.
144
-------
904-909
904
Mature ana Effect of Environmental Pollution
Substances in Coiposts of Befose Sevagc Sludge.
2. Seduction cf the Herbicide Siiazine During
the Process of the Decomposition
Boszinski, H.; Berzel, P.; Inst. Kulturtech.
Gruenlandwirtsch. Fachbereicb, Tech. OniT.
Berlin, Berlin, Germany
Z. Knlturtech. Ilurtereinig. (ZKOFAIC). 13(5),
30«-10; 1972
REFUSE; SEWAGE; SLUDGE; DEGRADATION; SIMAZmi;
DECOMPOSITION; COMPOST; BREAKDOWN HEBEICIDES
The degradation of siiazine dating the
post-composting of a fresh coipost and another
•ature coipost was studied bj systematic sample
analyses using gas chroiatography and temperature
measurements. By comparing the temperature
curves and the siiazine decomposition curves, a
definite decrease in the siiazine concentration
in the composts as a function of the
post-composting intensity was estatlisted. The
rate of simazine decomposition, like tbe
post-co*posting activity, was highest during the
initial period of the post-composting process in
both types of composts. Since tie rotting
intensity in fresh coipost Has both higher and
•ore prolonged than in the mature compost, the
diminution of the siiazine concentration in the
former was first more rapid and more persistent
than in the mature coipost pit. As the
decomposition activity of the composts decreased,
the simaiine breakdown curves flatened
distinctly. The siiazine concentrations fell
from about SO ppi to over 10 ppm in 95 days in
fresh coipost and in 55 days in mature compcst.
Tbe observed decrease in the siiazine
concentration in the composts doe: not justify
the use cf siiazine for weed control in areas
froi which wastes may get into ccmposts.
905
Degradation of Pesticides in Agricultural Land
Botini, O.T.; Levi-Hinzi. B.; University of fisa.
Italy
Hotiz Sal Piante (82-83). 197C 9-36.
DEGRADATION; SOILS; PESTICIDES; IQtIILIEfilUM:
PBHSISTBHCE; ALCBIH; OIELDBIN; DCT;
MINERALIZATION; IIXATION; AHHONIHCATION;
NITRIFICATION; CECOHPOSITION; ORil; REVIEW;
NITROGEN CICLE
Interrelationships between pesticides and
productivity, biological equilibrium and soil
properties are reviewed, and the persistence of
chemicals (DDT, aldrin, dieldrin, etc.) in soil
and their effect on the N cycle (mineralization
and fiiation, ammonifiestion and nitrification)
as well as on the decomposition cf CaC«2 and urea
are discussed. (52 references)
906
Decomposition of Synthetic Compounds by
microorganisms. Literature Review
Buban, E.L.; Inst. Hicrobiol., Roscow, Dssr
Izv. Akad. Hank Sssr, Ser. Biol. (IAHBAM) , (3),
301-12; 1973
RE»IB»; SOILS; flICBOBBS; PESTICIDES; HERBICIDES;
mCROCBGANISliS; INSECTICIDES; METABOLISM;
ATBAZINE; CABBABYL; RESIDUES; DECOMPOSITIOH
A review on the effects of herbicides, such as
atrazine, and insecticides, such as carbaryl, on
tbe scil microorganisms and the letabolic
decomposition of pesticide residues in the soil
by these microbes. (63 references)
907
effects of so*e Pesticides on the Solubility of
Nutrients in Submerged Soil
Busso, 5.
Flso (Milan), 19(1), 37-5U; 1970
HICBCCBGANISflS; PESTICIDES; SOILS; SOLOB1LITI;
NimilNTS
908
Eevelcping a Soil Quality Indei
Bust, B.H.; Adams, U.S.; Martin, I.P.
Part of Thomas. Williams A. (Ed.). Indicators of
Envitcniental Quality. Proceedings of a
Symposium. Philadelphia, PA, Dec. 26-31, 1971.
Plenum Press: New York, NT; London, England, (p.
2K3-2U7) , 275 p.; 1972
SC1BEASS; CRCPS; ANINAIS; MICROBIOLOGY;
JIBTIUZERS; HERBICIDES; PESTICIDES; INDUSTRIAL
IFfUJIKTS; WASTES; DOHISTIC WASTES; WATERSHEDS;
SOILS; FRUIT FLK; INDUSTRIAL HASTE
909
Sutsutface Bater Pollution by Percolation -
Selected Abstracts.
Byerson, 9.B.; National Technical Information
Service, Springfield, VA
Final Sept. July 1961-Oct. 1972; Honitoring
Agency Sept. No. 18; NIIS-PK-134; 36 p.; 1972,
Noteiter
HAIER; LIQUID WASTE DISPOSAL; SOLID WASTE
tISPOSAL; SANITART LANDFILLS; GROUND MATES;
SDBSOmCE DRAINAGE; PBRCOLATION; LEACHIMG;
SIPTIC TANKS: FERTILIZERS: WASTE DISPOSAL: EARTH
FILLS; AGHICULTDBAL BASTES; IRRIGATION; INOEGAHIC
NI1SA1ES; WATER QUALITJ; PONDS; PESTICIDES;
IIRTIII2ERS
The ITISEAECH intonation package (NTIS-PFC)
contains 35 selected abstracts of research
repotts retrieved using the NTIS on-line
biblicgraphic search systei—NTISBARCH. The
abstracts include studies on percolation of
pollutants froi surface and sucsurface sources
such as septic tanks, leaching ponds, sanitary
land fills, and pesticides and fertilizers vised
in agriculture practices.
145
-------
910-914
910
Metabolic Pate ol Dieldrin-14c in Iheat Plants
and in ar Agricultural Soil
Saha, J.6.: Lee, T. H.
J. Econ. Entoaol., 62(2), 67C-671; 197C
C1AY LOAM; DIELDRIN; RADIOACTIVITY; ETHER; SATIB;
DEGRADATICN; BREIT; PLANTS; SANDY 10AM: CAS
CHROHATOGRAPHY; THACIH; SOILS; SANE
In a soil metabolise study in which 1000 grass of
a fertile clay loai soil was treated with
IOC-labeled dieldrin SO micrcCi, 72
•Ci/millimole, the average distribution of
radioactivity in the ether and water attracts
from 100 grams of a soil was 3500, 99.9, and 2.0
nci 0.1, indicating that very little degradation
to hydrophilic products tooK place. The
radioactive material in the ether extract was due
to lie-labeled dieldrin alone, at determined by
3 independent lethods. When wheat plants Here
grown in a sandy loam soil treated with
1<4C-lab«led dieldrin 1 microci/g cf soil and
harvested 30 days later, the distribution of
radioactivity in the ether and water aitracts of
the wheat plants was 180.0 91.0 and 5.6 3.0 nCi,
respectively, indicating very little degradation
to hydrophilic products. The radioactive
•aterial in the ether extract "as identified as
dieldrin by thin layer and gas clrcmatcgraphy,
and co-crystallination with authentic dieldrin.
Thus, little or no letabolisi of die Id tin took
place either in growing wheat plants or in the
soil.
911
Mercury Residues in Cereal Graint fro* Seeds or
Soil Treated with Organomercury Coipounds
Saha, J.G.; Lee, 1.9.; Tinline. B.C.; Chinn,
S.H.F.; Austenson, H.I. ; Canada Cepartment of
Agriculture, Research Station, Saskatoon,
Saskatchewan; University of Saskatchewan,
Department cf Crop Science, Saskatoon, Canada
Canadian Journal of Plant Science, SO, 597-599;
1970, September
NERCUBY; RESIDCZS; CEREALS: GBAIIS; SEIDS; SOUS;
BARLEY; NHEAT; PANOGEN PI; PAK06IN 15; HBHCOHY
RETENTION; GAME EIRCS; 7DNGICIDES; BIRDS
The purpose of this study was to deter line tbe
•ereury content cf barley and wheat grains growr
fro* treated seeds or treated soil under Canadian
prairie conditions, conquest tailiy. seeds were
treated with Pancgen PX, and Hanitou wheat seeds
were treated with Panogen 15, Tbe harvested
grains were analyzed for aercucy residues, in
another expedient, Panogen II was disked into
the soil, which was seeded with Hatcher wheat
about a week later. Determinations were made on
mercury residues in the harvested grain and in
soil samples collected after tbe harvest. A
significant amount of mercury was found in the
grain grcwn in sell treated vith Panogen PI, and
51 to 53 percent of the mercury estimated to have
been applied remained in the soil five months
after application. There was no significant
difference in the mercury content of wheat and
barley grains, whether or not they were grown
from dressed grain. Researchers concluded that
the reported contamination of game birds probably
results from tbe birds eating dressed seed left
uncovered by soil in the field ot elsenher*.
912
Organcchlorine Insecticide Residues in soil frog
Vegetable ?arms in Saskatchewan
Eaba, 0.6. ; Suiner, A. K.
Eestic Monit J, 5(1), 28-31; 1971
CRGANCCHLOHINE INSECTICIDES; RESIDDES; SOILS;
VEGETABLES; DDT; DERIVATIVES; INSECTICIDES
913
Adsorption of Urea by Some Sudan Soils
£aid, H.B.
Plant Soil, 36(1), 239-212; 1972
EXCHANGE CAPACITY; CLJI; HYDROLYSIS CONTROL;
AOTOC1AVING; MERCURIC CHLORIDE; HYDROLYSIS;
ADSOBETION; OREA; SOILS
911
BHC and DDT Residues in Arable Soil
Saitc, N.; Kitayama, N.; Hokkaido Inst. Pub
Health, Sapporo, Japan
Hokkaidoritsu Eisei Kenkyushoho (Rep. Hokkaido
Inst. Pub. Health), 23, 116; 1973
EHC; DOT; AIR; SOUS; PADDIES; DDE; INSECTICIDES
Soil specimens from four paddy fields and three
arable lands were collected in Nov.-Dec. 1972 and
analyzed for alpha, beta, gaima, and delta-BHC,
f, p'-DDT, and p,p'-DD£ to assess the effect of
the Hay 1, 1971, ban on BHC and DDT. The values
found for the two types of land were 0.007-0.0*7
and 0.001-0.005 of alpha-BHC; 0.529-0.848 and
O.C13-0.069 of gamma-BBC; 0.016-0.064 and
trace-0.002 of delta-BHC; 0.051-0.232 and
0.135-0.845 of p,p'-DDT; and 0.009-0.045 and
0.018-0.69 ppm of p,p'-DDE. when these values
were compared to those obtained two years before,
considerable decreases were seen in both
gaima-EHC and p,p'-DDT. Gamma-BHC in a paddy
field decreased fro* 0.935 to 0.490 and p,p'-DDT
from 0.052 to 0.036 ppm; gamma BHC in arable land
decreased from 0.192 tc 0.069 and p,p'-DDT from
1.272 to 0.845 ppm (all the values on an
air-dried soil basis). The percentage decrease
flcctnated, probably owing to the amounts of the
insecticides applied, properties of the soil, the
methcd of cultivation, and weather conditions.
146
-------
915-920
915
Progress Deport cf Residue studies on Dicamba
Osed for Ditchbank Seed Conticl
Salman, 9.H.; Hartley, T.B.; Hattrup, J.R.;
Bureau of Reclamation, Denver, Cclcradc
Engineering and Research Center, Denver, CO
Heport Mo. SEC-lRC-72-6, PB-209 C61; 20 p.
February
1972,
CHLORINE; IRRIGATION; RESIDUES; SOUS; RATES;
ANALYSIS; DICAHEJ; EIRBICICES; HUD COJTROL;
miGATION; SOL1ENT EXTRACTION; GAS CHJOBATOGRAPHY
The diiethylaiine salt of dicaaba was applied in
the fall of 1970 to 4 devatered laterals on the
South Columbia basin irrigation district. The
herbicide residues of iicaaba and 5-hydroxy
dicamba were d«teriined in ditchtank and
ditchbottoi soils and in the first irrigation
water released through the treated laterals in
the spring. Solvent extraction, followed by gas
chroiatography, was used to leasure the herbicide
residues. Levels of dicaita in the irrigation
waters, ditchbank soils, ditchbottoi soils were
•assured. Dicaita slowly leachei into the 6- to
12-inch soil depths during the winter. Good
control of broad-leaved annuals was achieved the
following suimer on all treated laterals.
916
Adsorption-Desciftion of Parathicn as Affected ty
Soil Organic Natter
Salt a an, S.; Kliger, L.; Yaccn, B.; inst. Soils,
Rater, Agric. Res. Organ., Bet Digan, Israel
J. Agr. rood Chen.. 20(6), 1224-1226; 1972
PABATHIOM; SOILS; ADSORPTION; OBGANOPHCSPHOBOS
INSECTICIDES; DISORPTIOH; ORGANIC BATTER;
IHSECTICIOES
Parathion adsorption and descrption were
determined for a dark rendzina, a nediterranean
soil and a terra rosa with 4.55, 3.72 and 4.881
organic latter, pB 7.1, 6.6 and 7.1 and
•ontiorillonitic, mixed and kaolinitic clay.
respectively. Adsorption and desorption were
also determined after oxidation with K202 which
decreased organic latter content tc 2.12, 1.20
and 1.95*. respectively. The distribution
coefficients fcr natural soil were 38.5, 76 and
164 for the Mediterranean soil, terra losa and
rendzina, respectively, and parathion adsorption
decreased by 60, 22 and 70K, respectively, after
oxidation. The parathion content after five
consecutive extractions with water was greater
than in natural soils than in oxidised soils.
917
Paxathion Adsorption from Aqueous Solutions as
Influenced by Soil Components
Saltzman, S.; Taron, B.; Dap. Soils Water,
Vclcani Inst. Agric. Res., Bet Dagan, Israel
Festic. Chei., Proc. Int. Congr. Pestic. ckem.,
2nd(2««Aay) 1972, 6, 87-100; 1972
FABATHIOH; ADSORPTIOH; SOILS; AQOEOOS MEDIA;
F0HOS; PEAT; SODIDB; HCSTB08ILLOHIIE; SATOPATICM;
ADEOfEIIOH ISOTHEB8S; SODIOB KAOLIHITE;
KACLIHITE; SODIOH BOHTHOHILLOHITE; GLASS BEADS;
SATE5; PESTICIDES
Organic material (peat with 95» organic latter)
and scdiui •ontiorillonite, over a concentration
range of 1-9 licrograis g/il, showed a very
strong affinity for parathion, and were far froi
apfrcaching saturation. Adsorption isothens «ere
obtained for 20 soils, sodiu« kaolinite, sodiui
icnticrillonite, organic laterial, and glass
leads. At the highest solution concentration,
tested, sodiui kaolinite was close to saturation,
and the glass beads were saturated.
918
The fate of Dieldrin in a Model Ecosystei
Sanborn, J.R.; lu, c.c.; Illinois Natural History
Survey
B. Env. contai. S lox., 10(6), 340; 1973,
September
CI1LCH«; nOB!l ECOS1STEK; PISTICIDES; fATE;
JIABII1TI; CHEHICAI TR AKSFORHATIOH ;
BIOTFAJISrOEHATIOU
As part of a continuous prograi to investigate
the effects of pesticides on the environment, the
fate ct dieldrin was eiaiined in a lodel
eccsystea. Exaiination of dieldrin clearly
demonstrated the stability of this insecticide
totards either biological or chemical
modification by elements of the model ecosystem.
Indications are that the extreme stability of
dieldrin, light lake it, like DDT, undesirable
foi widespread general use.
919
Preliminary Study of Mercury Residues in Soils
Rhere Rercury Seed Treatments Rave Been Osed
Sand, t.T.i Biersma, G.B.; Tai, H.; Stevens, L.J.
Pestic Konit J, 5(1), 32-33; 1971
BIBCOSI; RISIDDES; SOUS; SSED
920
Adsorption and Degradation of Chlorbromuron in
Soil
Savage, K. E.
Heed Sci, 21(5), 416-420; 1973
THIN IAIER CBROMATOGHAFHT; PREONDLICH EQUATION;
FR1TC10HCITT; NICSOBIAL ACTIVITY; ADSORPTION;
CIGRACATION; CHLORBRCBORON; SOILS
147
-------
921-926
921
Nitralin ana Trifluralin Persistence in Soil
Savage, F.E.; South Seed. Sci. Lib., Agric. Res.
Serv., Stoneville, Us
Heed Sci.J»EESA6), 21(4). 285-8; 1973
NITRALIN; TRIFLORALIN; SOILS; HEBEICIDIS;
PERSISTENCE; SILTY CIAY LOAH; LOAH; DIJSIPAlION;
SOBGHOH; AUTOCIA'ING; PH; MICBOBICIOGY; CLAY;
PHYTOTOXICITY
Nitralin ana trifluralin applied to silty clay
loam at 0.84 or 1.68 kg/ha dissipated to Ion
residual levels within 3-4 months. flitraliu
phytotoxicity to sorghum (SOBGHDH BICOIOE)
decreased more rapidly in a soil which «as
pretreated with nitralin, than in a soil with no
previous treatment. Microbiological involvement
is suggested, because this elfect was nullified
by autoclavlng the previously treated soil. Ho
such effect was observed with tritlucalin.
Nitralin was note persistent in acid tkan in a
neutral soil.
922
Fluoaeturon Adsorption Desorption Equilibria in
Soil
Savage, K.E.; Danchope, F.D.
Seed Science, 22(2), 106-110; 1974
HERBICIDES; ORGAHIC HATTEB; 1ISE1F COBB1LJTIOIIS;
AGITATIOHs ADSORPTION; DESORPTION; SOUS;
EQOIIIBRIOM
923
Effect of Pore Size on Diffusion Coefficients in
Porous Media
Saxena, S.K.; Bcersia, 1.; Linflstrcm, I.T.;
Young, J.I.
Soil Sci., 117(2), 80-86; 1974
2.1-D; MATHEHAIICAL MODE!; SCI1S; fORB SIZE;
POROOS HItIA; HOtEl
924
Technical Contribution to the Stud; of Migration
of Certain Organic Compounds in Soil*
Schiavon, H.; Jacqain, F.
Ball. EC. Rail. Super. Agron. In*. Aliment.,
14(2), 221-225; 1972
THIiZINE; HERBICIDES; MOBILITY; CHBOHA10GRAPHY;
ADSORPTION; LZACHING; DEGRADATION; SOUS; OSG1RIC
BATTER
925
The Hetabolism of Carbaiate Pesticiies - »
literature Analysis. Fart II
Sctlagbauer, A.W.J.; Schlagbauer, B.G.L.
Besiaue Rev., K2, 85-9C; 1972
CABBAHATE; RETABO1ISH; DEGRADATION; IANDEIH;
FCRMKTANATE; PEOPOXOH; CAHEAFYL; METHIOCAHE;
BSBCAETODIM2THUR; PLANTS; IDSECTS; NAdHALS;
BICBCOKSANISHS; SIHGLB ENZYME SYSTEBS;
HYtOTHESIS; HETABOIITES; HYCROLYSIS;
DARfl-ELOODID; BEVIES
liteiature on carba*ate metatolisi published
tetween May. 1970 and June, 1971 is reviewed.
Specific intonation on degradation of landrin,
forcetanate, propoxur, carbaryl, p-chlorophenyl
n->etb;l carbaiate, and nethiocarb
liercaptodiiethnr) by plants, insects, laaials,
soil licroorganisvE, and single enzyie systeis is
included. Th«s« later studies confirm the
previously advanced hypothesis that a variety of
metabolites is foried by each systen and only the
guantitative ratios differ. Hydrolysis is the
most important pathway for degradation of
E-substitutsd n-alVylc«rba»ates; warm*blooded
animals excrete more conjugates of hydrolysis
freflects than of hydroiylation products and
hydroxylation predominates in plants. The basic
degradation pathways of carbaiates appear to be
well established. (11 references)
926
Possibilities and Limitations of Biological
Purification of Drinking Hater
Sctmidt, K.
Gat wasser Abvasser, 53(2), 38-49; 1973
PURIIICATION; DRINKING RATER; SAND FILTERS;
PESTICIDES; IATER; DDT; SAND; ADSORPTION;
HE1ACH10ROBEHZENE; LIHEANE; RALATHIOH;
HTCEOLYSIS; DBGRADATIOli; DIMETHOATE;
IHCSPHAHID01I; LIUDROll; OiaaON; CHLORIS»T10»;
CZCNI2ATIOK; CABBON; FILTRATION; RESIDDES
Possltilit las ard limitatiooa of mechanical,
chemical, and biological purification of drinking
water are reviewed, and experiments on the
efficiency of slow sand filters in the retention
of pesticides from drinking water during
purification are described. A slow sand filter
retained DDT dosed in the microgram range
quantitatively over 50 days, partly due to the
• dcorption of DDT on suspended matter and filter
material. A complete elimination of
nexacklorofaenzcne by sand filter was observed
over 29 days. The percentage not retained
afterwards was only 1.6*. Sand filters were able
to retain less than SOU of lindane starting froe,
the first day of application; the rate of
malathion elimination increased to over 901 in
five days, partly doe to hydrolysis and microbial
degradation. Sand filters were not able to
decrease the diiethoate concentration. The rate
of eliiinatian of ptOBphamidcn applied at a rate
of 200 mg/1, decreased from 90* to 6* in 10 days.
Sand filters were ineffective for linuron,
diuron, and 2,4-C; however, 2,4-D showed
decreasing concentration due to microbial
degradation starting from the 5th day of
introduction, chlorioatioo, oioniiation, and
especially activated carbon treatment effectively
reduced pesticide concentrations la drinking
mater. Anaerobic filtration was suitable for the
elimination of lindane residues from drinking
water. (32 reference*)
148
-------
927-932
927
Reactions of Huiic Substances with Organic
Cheiicals, H-containinq Compounds, and
Physiological Properties of Huiic Substances
Schnitzer, H.; Khan, S.0. ; Soil Res. Inst.,
Canada Dept. Iqr., Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
Part of Huiic Substances in the Environment,
Harcel Dekker, Inc., New Tork, H.I., (f,
581-293); 1972
ADSORPTIOH; PESTICIDES; BONOS; TEHPERAIOBE;
ADSORPTION; PR; EETIE8; IOM EXCHANGE; SODIOR
HOHATB; DDT; HT.BHOGEN BOIDIHC; OEGMIC CHEHICALS;
SITE OSES COMPOUNDS; DIALYSIS
Adsorption of pesticides by huiic substances is
generally studied Kith the slurry technique, but
can be determined by dialysis, Elevation of
temperature increases adsorption which is optiiui
at higher temperatures and pH values
approximating the pKa of the pesticide. A review
of the literature shows that hydrogen bonding and
ion exchange are the primary lechanisis of
adsorption although much raiaina to be learned
about the nature of huiic substances. In
addition to adsorption capability, sodium humate
can act as a solubilizing agent fcr compounds
like DDT.
928
Moisture Influences on Bromacil Distribution in
the Soil and Resultant Optake ant Phytetoiicity
schreiber, J.D.; Oregon State Oniv., Ccrvallis,
Oregon
Thesis, Oregon State Oniversity, Ccrvallis,
Oregon, 124 p.; 1972
EROMACIL; SOILS; PHITOTOIICITY; SOIL BOISTOHB
929
Persistence and Degradation of the Fungicide. 1.
2,-Bis-3-Methoxycarbonyl-2-Thioureidobenzene in
Soil
Schultz, I.R.; Pleeker, J.H.
Proc. N. Dak. Acad. Sci. , 21(1), 31; 1«73
PERSISTENCE; DEGfADATION; EONGICIDF.S; SOILS;
1,2,-BIS-3-HETHOXV.CA8BOHYL-2-THICOBEIDOBENZlNE
930
Hoveient and Hetabolisi of Phorate Ond«r Field
Conditions After Granular Band Applications
Schulz, K.R.; Lichtenstein, I.P.; Fuhreiann,
T.H.; Liang, T.I.; Dep. Entoiol., Oniv.
Wisconsin, Badison, «i
J. Econ. Entoiol. (JEENAI) 1973, 66 (4) 873-5; 1973
FHCRATE; SOILS; RESIEOE; INSECTICIDES;
DEGRADATION; NEIABOLISH; GRANOLAB BAND
APPLICATION; APPLICATION; INSECTS; PHORATE
SOLFONE; PRORATE SOLFOXIDE; BOVEKENT; VERTICAL
POVEHENT; HORIZONTAL NOVEHZNT
Bore than 4 eonths following granular band
application of phorate (5 and 10 Ib/acre),
residues had loved in both horizontal and
vertical directions and test insects (DROSOPRILA
BELA10GASTBB) were controlled up to 2-4 inches
froa the application site. Phorate aetabolisi was
•ost xapid in the soil plots treated with S
Ib/acre phorat*. Phorate sulfone was the *ajor
component in all soil cores froi the plots
treated with 5 Ib/acre phorate. The relative
coipcaition of the soil cores froa the 5 Ib/acre
treatment was phorate snlfone greater than
phorate sulfoxide greater than phorate, whereas
the relative composition of soil cores froi the
1/tonnd/acre treatment was phorate greater than
[berate snlfone greater than phorate snlfoxide.
931
Persistence of Hexachlorobicyclo(2.2. 1)Heptene
Derivatives
Schupha. I.; Ballschiiter, K.: Inst. Anorg.
Ch«». Kei chei., Oniv. Mainz, Hainz, Ger.
Fresenius' Z. Anal. Che«. (ZACFAO), 259(1). 25-8;
1972
ALIRIN; DBGRADATI01I; DIE1DRIN; EHDOSOLFAN;
INSECTICIDES; PERSISTEHCE; CBLOROBIOTCLOHEIENE;
SOILS; HEPTENE; GAS CHBOMATOGBAPHT; HOVEHENT
The persistence of heiachlorobicyclo (2.2.1)
heptane and soie derivitives, aldrin, dielduin,
and endosulfan, was investigated by following the
dechlcrination by licrctitration of Cl according
to R. Belcher, et al. <1962) and the foraation of
reacticn products by gas chroiatography. The
saiples were decomposed by hydrolysis in 4 and 2N
HOB in aq. Heoh at SO degrees and 25 degrees
respectively and by DT irradiation in ag. Heoh at
22 degrees. Dechlcrination in soil under the
influence of pH is hardly possible.
Photochemical dechlorination on leaf surfaces and
in the atmosphere light be a significant route of
degradation.
932
Chemical and Sediment Movement from Agricultural
Land into Lake Erie: Project Completion Rept. 1
Jul 69-30 Jun 72
Schwab, G. 0. ; Hclean. E.O. ; Ohio State Oniv.,
Coluicus. Rater Resources Center.
Ohio State Oniv., Columbus. Hater Resources
Center, PB 213 192/8; Report No. 3901; Contract
DI-14-01-0001-3535; Honitoring Agency Rept No.
•73-01957, OBRR-A-018-OHIO (1); Proj.
0»BR-A-018-OHIO 41 p.; 1972, September
HOVECEKT; DICABBA; PABAQOAT; HERBICIDES; SURFACE
HATER; HONOFI; FERTILIZERS; PESTICIDES; LAKES;
SOEF1CE DRAINAGE; NUTRIENTS; ELECTRICAL
FESIS1IVITI; PH; BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND;
EflCSPBOROS; NITROGEN; SEDIMENTS; LEACHING; SOIL
CHEMISTRY; ALDRIN; DIELDRIN; HEPTACHLOR; 8ATER
149
-------
933-938
933
Picloran Persistence in Semi Arid Range and Soils
and Rater
Self res, C.J.; Hahn , H.R.; Colon, J. D. ; Rerkle,
R.G.; Texas ASH University, College Staticn, Tl
Reed Sol, 19(4), 381-384; 1971
HEBBICIDES; RESIDOES; PONOFF; IBEIGiTICH;
RANGELAME; SOILS; SIRI-ARID SOUS; PIC10RAH; RATES
Residues in seii-arid soil after application of
0.25 Ib/acre piclorai were usually restricted to
the top 12 inches fot 60 days, less than 5 ppb
were detected telov 12 inches 120 to 180 days
after application but the herbicide vas usually
dissipated fro* the profile Hi thin a year. Hive
•onthe after application, lore piclorai was
detected at 6 tc 19 inches at the lover end of
plots with a 3* slope than those with 0-2*
slopes. Dun-off vater froi plots irrigated 10
days after treatment contained 17 ppb piclorai,
tut run-off after 20 to US days contained less
than 1 pft piclorai.
93i«
Diffusion of Selected Herbicides in Rater and in
Soil to Soybeans
Scott, H.t). ; Unit. Kentucky, Lexington, Ky.
Thesis, University of Kentucky, lexington,
Kentucky; Univ. Ricrofilis, Inn Arbor, Rich.,
Order Ho. 72-21, 483 p.; 1971
HEBBICIDES; DIFFUSION; SOYBEANS; RATER; SOUS
935
Release of Herbicides fro« Clay Minerals as a
function of Rater Content. Part 1. Kaolinite
Scott, H.D.; Lutz, 3.1.; North Carclina
Agricultural Experiment Station, Raleigh, HC
Soil Sci Soc Ai Proc, 35(3), 374-379; 1971
SIMAZINE; DIOROH; CHLORPEOPHAn; TIOOHEIDBON;
2,4-D; ATBAZINE; HOVERBHT; HIBBICIEES; CLAT;
MIMEBALS; K&OLIMITE; ADSORPTIOH; BILEASE; TBICIR
Equilibria! preseures of 0.3, 0.5, 1.0, 5.0, 10
and 15 bars vert successive!] apflied to
kaolinite suspensions containing 1 and u ppi of
carbon la-labelled 2,4-D, fluoietoron, attatine,
chlorprophai, diaron and siiazine. For all the
herbicides except siiazine the concentraticn in
the extracts decreased vith incr««sing pressure.
The decreases vere greatest vith diurot and
chlorprophai. Simazina concentration UBS 2-3
tises greater in high than In Ion pressure
extracts. Fluoieturon and 2,4-D Here negatively
adsorbed, the others vere positively adsorbed.
The order of release in tens of total recovery
of herbicide afflied at the 1-ppi tate vas:
fluoaetoion greater than 2,4-D greater than
atrazine greater than chlorprophas greater than
siaaiine greater than diruon. At the 4 ppa rate
release of 2,4-E was greater than that of
fluoaeturon. Total herbicide recover* tanged froi
12* for diaron tc 921 for flooieturon.
S3f
Self-Diffusion Coefficients of Selected
Herbicides in Rater and Estimates of Their
Transmission Factors in Soil
Scott, H.D.; Phillips, B.E.;
Arkansas, Fayetteville, AD
Dept. Agron., Oniv.
Soil Sci. Soc. Aier. Proc., 37(6), 965-967; 1973
SCILS; HEBBICIDES; RATIR; TRANSMISSION FACTORS;
SElF-DIFPtJSICN COEFFICIENT; EIFFOSION COEFFICIENTS
Self-diffusion coefficients oi selected
herbicides were leasured in aqueous solution by
the capillary tube lethod. The diffusion
coefficients were approximately 0.6 x 1E-5
ci-sguared/sec at 23 C and were not particularly
related to the configuration of the herbicide
•olecule. Values calculated for the transmission
factor: of these herbicides differed with the
•ore lobila compounds teing associated with the
higher values. (11 references)
937 ,
tiffusion cf Herbicides to Seed
Scott, H.D.; Phillips, F. E.
Reed Sci, 19(2), 128-132; 1971
SOUBIANS; GLTClME-dAx; SEEDS; CHLORPHOPHAM;
HERBTCItES
936
Diffusion of Selected Herbicides in Soil
Scott, H.D.; Phillips, R.E.; Kentucky Agric. Exp.
Stn. , lexington, Ky
Soil Sci. Soc. Aier., Froc. (SSSAA8) , 36(5),
714-19; 1972
SOILS; DIFFUSION; ADSOSPTIOH; LOAH; CHLOBPBOPHM-
tlFHEHAIUD; PBOHETONE; TKIRSFORHATIOR;
TRIF10BALIR; ISOTHERHS; FLOORBTOBOH; SIHAZIHE;
1TBA7IHB; EBCnETBTME; 2,4-1; BEN1FIH; BEBBICIDES-
ANALYSIS; BATE; 70LATI1IZATIOM VAPOR PHASE;
SOLUTION PHASE; CLAY
The diffusion coefficients of herbicides were
measured in silty clay loam. The self-diffusion
coefficients of 2,4-D, chlorpropham, diphenaaid,
and proaetone decreased as the diffusion time
increased, suggesting that changes in the
structure might have occurred. The rate of
diffusion increased with the soil water content
for all herbicides, except trifluralin. Linear
adtorction isotheris Here obtained. The order of
adsorption vas: 2,4-D less than fluoaeturon less
than prometone less than siiazine less than
atiatine less than dipbenaaid less than
prcaetryne less than chlorprophaa less than
trifluralin less than benefin. Correlation
analysis shoved that the diffusion coefficients
cf the nonvolatile herbicides vere inversely
related to the amount of adsorption, indicating
that tost of the diffusion occurred in the
solution phase. Fox volatile herbicides,
diffusion occurred in the vapor phase and the
solution phase.
150
-------
939-944
939
Hoveaent of Herbicides through Sell to Soybean
Boot a
Scott. B.C.; Phillips. B.E.
Agron. J., 65(3), 386-390; 1973
HERBICIDES; SOTEIAN; ROOTS; CHLOBPBOPHAH;
ATKAZIHE; ABSOHPTIOM; HISS FIO«; PIBHEABILITV,
TRAHSPOHT; SOILS
940
Influence of Artificial Rainfall and
DI-1-P-nenthene ca Karbutilate Hoveaent in
Greenhouse Soil
See, B.R.; Hurtt, R.; Veg. Conttcl Div., Fort
Detrick, Fiedeiick. BD
Proc. northeast. Reed Sci. Sec. (PNBSBF) , 28,
127-32; 1974
BEEBICIDES; SOU EROSIOH; KiFBUTILATI; HOVMEHT;
SOIL HOI STORE; B4INFALL
Adsorption of the Herbicide Graaexcne Dnder Soil
Conditions
Segi. I.; Rar'Enko, Y.G.; Guyash, F.; Tliiryazev
S.-IC. Ikad., HOCCOH, USSS
in. Tiiiryazev. Sel'Skokhoz. Akad. (ITSAA7) , (4).,
14-19; 1973
SBABOJOBE; SOILS; AESOBPTIOR; BBKOHTB; BONUS;
CATIOKS; IZOTOEtCTRR; ASSAI
902
aicrobial Degradation of Insecticides in Flccded
Soil and in Anaerobic Cultures
Sethunathan, H.; Cent. Rice Res. Inat, , cattack,
India
Residue
. »7, 1U3-65; 1973
DEGRADATION; INSECTICIDES; LINDARE; BBC; DDT;
HEPTACHLCS; HETBCXICHLOR ; IN ERIN: IDE; CH10RDANE ;
DIELDRIH; ALDBIM; BIOCHEHlCAl TRANSFORMATION;
REDUCTIVE DECHIORIHATION ; HTCBOLISIS; CIIZIMCS ;
PABATRIOR; NITHC -GROUP REDUCTION; IIICBCORGINISHS ;
CRGAWOCHLORINE; INSECTICIDES: ORGAHOPHCSPRAIIS ;
IHAEROBIC; SOILS; FLOODIHG; BIXICBlOfiOEEllZEIII;
WATER; BEYIEV; IRCRIH; DEGRADATION PRODUCTS
Current knowledge of •icrohial degradation cf
erganochlorine and organophosphate ina«cticldes
in flooded soil and anaerobic cultures is
reviewed, certain organochlorint insaciticea
(lindane, other isoiers of BBC, CCT, heptacblor,
•ethoxychlox, «ndrin) arc rabidly tiodcgradable
in flooded soil; others (TDE, chlordanc.
dieldrin, aldrin) belonging to the sai« group arc
degraded slowly. In flooded soil, tioch«iical
transf ariationa, reductive dechlcrination (DDT),
hydrolysis (diazinon and parathicn), *nd
litre-group reduction (parathion) navt been
deionstcated. (68 refs)
9 , 602-4; 1973
EACATBION; SOILS; OBGANOPHOSPROROS IHSECTICIDES;
tlEBAEATION; HDBOS; PH; SOLFATB; BICBOBES;
BItBOLlSIS; FLOODIHG; SATER; BITROPHIIIOL; HEAT;
CABBC1; ISCLATIOB; ACIt SDLF1TI; ALLUVIAL SOIL;
INS1CIICIDBS; DEGRADATION PRODDCTS
Is shown in the laboratory, the degradation
degree of parathion in 5 flooded acid soils
increased with the organic latter content.
Fastest degradation occurred in an acid sulfate
soil, with an organic latter content of 12.2*.
due to licrobial participation. Parathion was
rapidly hydrolyzed to p-nitrophenol in a flooded
alluvial soil, following its repeated
applications. The activity of
parathion-hydrolyzing enriched culture froi the
alluvial soil, was retarded ty heat treataent,
indicating the role of biological agents in the
hydrolysis. BACILLDS sp., capable of decomposing
p-nitrophenol, as a sole carbon source, was
isclated fioi parathion-aiended flooded alluvial
soil.
944
Diazinon Degradation in Submerged Soil and Rice
Paddy water
Setbonathan, N.; Cept. soil nicrobiol, Internal.
Rice K«s. Inst., Los Banos, laguna
Adv. Choi. Ser., 111, 244-255; 1972
DEGRItATIOR; DIAZINOR; DICROORGANISNS;
HYDBCITSIS; BINEB»LIZAIION; RICE; PADDIES;
PERSISTB1ICE; FLOODING; INSECTICIDES; HETABOLITES;
DEGBltATIOl PRODOCTS
Ciazinon persisted for about 15 days in a flooded
coil (p3 6.6) that had been treated previously
with the insecticide; tut, in a flooded soil that
had never been exposed to diazinon, it persisted
for about 60 days. Similarly, water froi a
diazincn-treated field inactivated the
insecticide within 5 days after incubation.
Hicrocrganisis that developed in response to
insecticide application accelerated its
hydrolysis and the subsequent lineralization of
the hydrolysis product, 2-iscpropyl-6-iethyl-»-hyd
roiypyriiidine, to C02. A ?LAVOBiCTEEIDB sp.,
isclated froi water of a treated rice field, had
exceptionally high capability to letabolize
diazinon as sole carbon source. This provides
unequivocal evidence that licrobes are involved
in the rapid inactivation of diazinon in rice
field:.
151
-------
945-950
9i»5
Organic Hatter and Earatbion Cegradaticn in
Flooded Soil
Sethunathan, N.
India
Cent. Bice tea. lust. , Cuttack,
Soil Biol. Biochen. (SHIOAH), 5(5), £41-1; 1573
PARATHION; PERSISTENCE; BICE STHASj SOILS;
DEGRADATION; FLOODING; HOMOS; NAIEB; STAGNANT
BATES; INOCDLATICN; HTDROLTSIS; I-NITSCPHENOI;
CIETHTL TRIPHOSPHORIC ACID; H1I8C BEDDCTIOH;
ANINOPARATHION; METABOLITES; PATHWAYS; ORGANIC
MATTER; METABOLISM; DEGRADATION PBODOCIS
In soils inoculated with an enrichment culture
(pooled standing water samples) nhich exhibited
an exceptional!} high ability to hydrolyze
parathion, rice straw amendments inhibited
parathion hydrolysis, that IE, parathion to
p-nitrophenol and diethyl thiophcsrhoric acid. In
uninoculated soils, however, rice atran enhanced
parathion degradation. Via nitro reduction
aiinoparathion and an unidentified metabolite
(apparently possessing a p*s bond) were detected
in uninoculated soils amended vith ric< straw.
The influence ef organic latter on parathion
persistence in flooded soil is apparently
governed by the metabolic pathwaj involved in the
degradation process.
916
Increased Biological Hydrolysis ef Diaiinon After
Bepeated Application in Rice paddies
sethunathan, H.; Pat halt, H.D.; International Rice
Research Institute, Los Banoa, Laguna, Philippines
Journal of Agricultural and ?ood Cheiiatry,
30(3), 586-589; 1972
RTDBOLTSIS; DIACINON; PADDIES; DIGBADA1ION;
2-ISOPROPYI-6-HEIHY1-II-HIDB01T.PYBIHIDIIB; BICE;
SOILS; RHIZOSPHIE1; MICROOHGISISBS; MBUBOLIIES;
MINERALIZATION; DEGRADATION PBQDtCTS
Bepeated application of diazinon granules to soil
affected the development of a ilcrcbial factor
which caused the rapid degradation of iiazinon.
Bo degradation eceorred in nen-dlazinon treated
plots. The degrading activity of materials
collected froi diazinon-treated plots was in the
order paddy water greater than ihizospbere soil
greater than non rhizoaphere soil. Rhen
incubated with water froi diazincn-treated
fields, diazinon was bydrolyied tc
2-isopropyr-6-methyl-1-hydroxypyrimidine in 75
hoar*. In the next 25 hours this hydrclyiig
product «as coipletely lineralizcd.
9U7
Degradation of Chlorinated Hydrocarbon I by
Clostridini Species Isolated froi
Lindane-Aaended, flooded Soil
Sethanathan, ».; Toshiia, T.; Cent, lie* Hes.
Inst., Cuttack, India
Plant Soil(PLSOA2). 38(3), 6(3-6'. 1973
CLOSTRIDIOM; LINCANI; DICOHPOSITIOI;
HETBOXICH10B; BACTERIA; CHLOEINAUD PESTICIDE;
DEGRADATION; (1TIB; FLOODII6; HBITACBLOB;
JNAEBOBIC; HADIOACTITCTI; CABBOi DIOXIDE;
HBTR1IS; TBACEB; C1BBOR 14; BBIalDCIl;
DZGBACATIOII PRODUCTS
A clostridiui species isolated from flooded soil
aiended with lindane deconposed aethoxychlor,
liiidane, and heptachlor in that order under
anaercbic conditions. Curing the bacterial
degradation of ring-labeled lindane, there «as a
ICES cf radioactivity froe the reaction aixture
release of 1I4C02 during the degradation of carbon
14-lateled lindane was negligible. Chi vas not an
end product of lindane breakdown.
5 lie
Ccnveision of Parathion to P Nitrophenol by
tiazinon Degrading BACTERIUM PLAVOBACTESIOM-Sp
Sethunathan, M.; Yoshida, T.
Proc. Inst. Environ. Sci., 18, 255-257; 1972
FARATHION; PHENOL; DIAZINON; DEGRADATION;
D1TBOPBBS01; BACTERIA
919
Parathion Degradation of Submerged Rice Soils in
the Philippines
Sethunathan. N.; Yoshida, I.; Cept. Soil
Bicrobiol., Internat. Bice Res. Inst., Los Banos
lagung
J. Agr. Food Chei(JAFCAD) , 21(3), 50U-6; 1973
PABA1BION; PEBSISTEHCE; BICE; SOILS;
FLAVOEACTERIOM; DEGRADATION; DEGRADATION PBODOCTS
The persistence of parathion (0,0 diethyl 0 p
citrofhenyl phospborotbioate) in U Philippine
rice soils was investigate! in submerged and
upland conditions. The parathion in the soils
after incubation at 30 degrees was extracted with
a hexane acetone lixture and the asount vas
determined by gas chroaatoqraphy. The insecticide
disappeared core rapidly fro* submerged soils
than froi upland soils. In sniberged soils
paratbion was reduced to aiinoparathion (0,o
diethyl 0 p aiinopbenyl phosphorothioate).
Autoclaving of the soils increases the
persistence of paratihion under submerged
conditions, indicating microtial participation in
its degradation. Parathion degraded faster in
flooded soil inoculated with parathion
hydrolyzing flavobacterium sp. than in
nninoculated soil.
950
Effect of Atrazine on the Bate of Vitrification
In Black clay Loam soil
Sett}, B.I.; Baligar, V.C.; fa-til, S.7.; noiv.
Agric. Set., Dharvar, India
Hysore J. Agric. Sci., «, 111-113; 1970
ATEAZIIB; NITRIFICATION; SOUS; LOIR; CLAT
•hen applied to the soil in conjunction with
-------
951-956
951
In floe nee of Dalapon (2,2-Dichloropropionic Acid)
on Biotic Potential of Soil
Sharma, L.N.; Saiema, S.H.; Goft. Agr. Res.
Station, Durgapura, Jaipur (Bajasthan), India
Andhra Agr. J. , 18(2), 74-78; 1911
DALiEON; HICBOORGAHISHS; POTTED SOIL; lOSSI;
SOILS; DECOMPOSITION
Soil microorganisms dare counted at intervals
froi 2-32 days after application of various
aiounts of dalapcn to potted soil vhich had been
inoculated with AZOTOBACTIR CBROOCOCCOH to give
special stress en this licrote. Dalapon
significantly decreased AZOTOB1CTEB and the
bacterial population at concentrations above 3.0
ppm and increased actinomycetes at 1.5 pp» at
greater. No significant effect en soil fungi vas
noted. Maiimui activity vas observed tetveen
days 8 and 14, and it was assumed that most of
the dalapon vas decomposed daring this period.
952
Hicrobial Degradation of Phenoiy Herbicides in
Culture, Soil, and Aquatic Ecosystems
Sharpee, K.H.; Cornell Oni»., Ithaca, My
Dissertation; Ccrnell Univ., Ithaca, My;
University Hicrofilis Order Ho. 13-20, 177 p.;
1973
PHENOXY HEHBICICIS; HERBICIDES; SIODEGRADATIOM;
AQUATIC ECOSYSIEBS; EESSISIEICI; SCILS;
DEGRADATION; 2.4-D; IHZTBE; flAHGJHOOS IOHS;
CHIOHOSOCCINATE; CHLOROBALttlACETATE; SDCCIKATI;
PKESHHATIB; SEDIHJHTS; 2,4,5-T; PHENOL;
LACTONIZATION; CONTIHSION; FOHA8ATJ; SALAIE;
COENZYHES: DEGRADATION PRODDCTS
In studies on degradation cf 2,4-D,
2-chloro-4-carbo«ym«thylene tut-2-cnolide vac
forced froi cis, cis-2,4-dichlorcmuconate by a
lactonizing enzyie obtained from ARTHROBACTEE sp.
isolated froi scil. Manganous ions vere required
for activity and stability of the lactcnizing
enzyie. In experiients aimed at determining
intermediates betveen 2-chloroialeylacetate and
succinate, both d-chlorosucclnit« and
1-chlorosuccinate were poor substrates for
ABTHBOBiCTBP sp., indicating that chlorosuccinate
is net an intermediate in conversion of
chloromaleylacetate to succinate. Cell-free
extracts of the organism converted th«
chlorosviccinatc compounds to stall amounts of
malate and fumarate, indicating that the last
chlorine from 2,1-D vas removed by displacement
«ith a hydrozyl group. A pethvay «as proposed fcr
the metabolism of 2,1-D, in vhich coenzyme a is
the carrier foe the intermediates betveen
chloromaleylacctate and succinate. In soil and in
a fresh water and sediment system small atoonts
of 2,1-dichlorophenol or 2,
-------
957-965
957
Persistence of Benzole and Phenylacetic Acids in
Soils
Sheets, T.J.; Slith, J.W.; Kaufman, D. D.
Meed Sci., 16(2), 217-222; 1968
PERSISTENCE; BEHZOIC ACID; PHENYIACETIC ACIDS;
ACIDS; SOUS
SIKA2INE; CHIORCPHINYLCABBAHATH; PHYTOTOXICITI;
SOIL MCISTORI; SOILS; BAHLEY
Under huiid conditions, bailey germination and
initial growth were greatly affected by isopropyl
3-chlcrophenylcarbatate and to a lesser extent,
by siiazine (CAT) . The injury vas mostly
prevented by covering the crcp with greater than
3 cm sell layer. CAT in the soil had a residual
effect after 5-7 months under dry conditions.
958
Adsorption of DDT by soils. Soil fractions, and
Biological Materials
Shin, Y.C.; Chodan, J.J.; Holcott, A.B.;
Department of Crcp and Soil Service, Michigan
State University, East Lansing, nichigan
J Agr Pood Che«., 18(6), 1129-1133; 197C
SOILS; PLANTS; AESOBPTION; FOBGI; TISSUE;
PRECIPITATION; ORGANIC MATTES; SCI1 FRACTIOUS;
BUCK
Linear adsorption isotheras tere obtained for p,p
pri«e-DDT and un«xtracted or H202-digested scils
at ageuous matrix concentrations less than 1 ppb.
Precipitation contributed increasingly to
disappearance of DDT at equilibrium supernatant
concentrations above 2 ppb, and was the principal
•echanisi above 4 ppb. Heaoval ol lateiials
soluble in ethei and alcohcl increased adsorption
by aineral soils. After ether and slcoiol
extractions, the kd per unit of C was 2-3 tiles
greater in mineral soils than it Das in luck or
fungal or plant tissue. This relationship between
•ineial and organic soils was maintained through
subsequent sequential extraction! with hot water,
2* HCL and digestion with H2C2. deviations fici
linearity increased with successive extractions
through 2% HC1. The data illustrate 3 probable
sources of anomaly in attempts tc relate
adsorption of non-ionic pesticides to coil
organic-»atter content.
959
Soil-Applied Herbicides in the Control of
Temperature Zone Grasses, Broadleaf Heeds and
woody Plants
Shipia'n, B.D.; Pennsylvania State Oniv.
University Park, PA
Final Fept. May, 1969 - Aug. 1971, Penn. State
Oniv.; Contract EAAA 13-«9-C-0085; 4D-732 502;
153 p. ; 1971, Aug.
960
The Ecosystei Approach to Herbicide Evaluation
Shipian, R.D.
Proc. northeast l«ed control Cent., 25, 55-64;
1971
BEST DDES; ANALYSIS; PEROBOM; SOILS; 1ZRBBSTR1A1
ECOSYSTEMS; HERBICIDES; OATS
962
The Depth of Penetration with Water of the
Pesticide BHC in the Presence of Sulfancl into
the Ground
Shtarkas, E.H.
Gig Sanit, 37(2), 106-108; 1972
GRANOICNET8IC; SOUS; COMPOSITION; ADSORPTIOH;
HATEB; PESTICIDES; BHC; PERSISTENCE; SOLFANOL
Cegradation of Farathion by Bacteria Isolated
frei flooded Soil
Siddaraaappa, B.; Rajaram, K.P.; Sethunathan, N. ;
Dei. Soil Hicrobiol., Cent. Rice Pas. Inst.,
cuttack, India
Atrl. Hicrobiol. (APMBAI) , 26(6), 846-7; 1973
PABATBIOH; DEGBIDATIOH; BACTERIA; FLOODING;
BATEH; HYDROLYSIS; NITBITE; NITROPHENOL; NITBOGEN
CIOXIIE; DEGRADATION EEODCCTS
Two bacteria, BACILLUS sp. and PSEUDOHON AS sp.
were isolated froi parathion aiendad soil which
exhibited parathion-bvdrolyzing ability. Nitrite
waE liberated by BACIL10S from the
paratbion-hydrolysis product, p-nitrophenol, but
not fro* parathion, whereas PSEODOHON AS
hydrolyzed parathion, and then released HO2 froi
p-nitrophenol. These results establish parathion
degradation by bacteria past the p-nitrophenol
stage to the end product, NO2.
96 C
soils capacity for Accepting Organic Fertilizers
Slegel, 0.
Bodentnltur., 2* (3), 237-252; 1973
(IE1AIS; BASTES; OBGABIC PEHTILIZBRS; FOOD; SOILS
965
Behavior of Lindane in Soild and in Water
Siapar, n. ; E. Norck A.-G., Daristadt, Gariany
Scbriftenr. Ver. Basset-, Bodan-, Lufthyg.,
E«tlin-Bahle«(SV»HE) , Mo. 37, 175-85; 1972
BEVIES; LINDAHE; SOUS; BATBR
961
Influence of Soil Moisture on Phjtotoxicity and
Residual Activity of Simazin* (CAT) and CIFC
Shiraishi, K.V.; Hatanabe, T.; Zbiae
Igric. Bxp. stn., Hatsoyaia, Japan
Zasso Kenkyn(ZASKAI) , (14), «1-S; 1972
154
-------
966
Residue Analysis and Degradation of Horphactine.
Sieper, B-; E. Merck, Darmstadt, Germany
Part of Fate of Pesticides in Environment, Gordon
and Breach, London (p. 157-17
-------
972-976
972
Effect of Nemagcn on Some Soil Properties
Singhal, J.P.; Singh, C.P.; Alig«rb Huslim Doit.,
Aligarh, Ottar Pradesh, India
Indian J. Agr. Sci. , U3<3), ;60-;84; 1 S73
SOILS; NiaAGON; CIBBOHOCHLCBCPHOfANE; CALCIUM
CARBONATE; PH; NITKOGEN; FHOSJHOBOS; PCTASSION
In doses frog 0 to 2.5 mg/5 kg of soil, nemagon
(dibromochloroprcpane) increased tbe electrical
conductivity of the soil but had nc larked effect
on the pH or calcium carbonate content. A
maximum increase in soil organic latter was
observed 45 days after treatment with lost dcses.
Significantly higher available nitrogen was
found after 45 days Exposure to 1 il of nemagon/5
kg of soil, but large doses inhibited this
parameter. In 30 days a maximum level of
available phosphorus was found with an
application of 1.5 mg/5 kg of soil. A decrease
in available potassiui was otserved after 45 days
in treated soil.
973
Residues of Atrazine, Cyanazine, and their
Phytotoiic Metabolites in a Clay Loam Soil
Sirons, G.J. : ?rank, R.; Sawyer, T.; Prcv.
Eestic. Residue Test. Lab., Ontario Mi cist.
Aqric. Food, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
J. Agr. Food Chei. (JiPCAO) , 21(6), 1016-20; 1973
ATRAZINE; HETABCIITES; SOILS; CIINAZINI;
METABOLISM; CLAT LOAH; LOAN; TBASSFORHATION;
DEETHY1ATION; DEISOPBOPTLATION; CIAHAZINE ABIDE;
RESIDUES; DEGBADATIOH PBODOCTS
In clay loam soil, atrazine las converted to
2-chloro-4-amino-6-isopropylaminc-s-triazine
(deethylated atrazine) as major and to
2-chloro-4-amino-6-ethylamino-s-triazine
(deisopropylated atrazine) as minor phjtotoxic
•etabolites, and cyanazine was ccnverted to the
deisoprocylated atrazine as the lajor phytotoxic
letabolite. Cyanazine aiide was also fcond. The
concentration cf deethylated atrazine reached
peak concentrations in the soil £-6 months after
application of atrazine, whereas peak
concentrations of deisopropylated atrazine were
reached 2-3 months after atrazine cr cyanazine
application.
971
Some Iffects of an Insecticide (Dursban) and a
weedieide (Linuron) on the Bicroflora of a
Submerged Soil
Sivasithamparam, K.
Eiso 19, 339-346; 1970
KICRCILORA; DORSBAS; LIRaSOM; CLAY; LOAB;
tENIlBIPIIHES; BOH6I; IHSECTICIDES; WEEDKILLBSS-
SOILS; HICROCRGANISBS; DENITRITICATION
Dursban and linuron were applied to weliaada clay
loan (pH 5.35) and all nicrobiological analyses
«ere lade with the soil incubated in the dark.
Aerolic bacteria, actinoiycetes, aumonifers,
sulpbate reducers, cellulose, decomposers and
heterotrophic iron precipators were all
stimulated by both chemicals at both times of
saipling (3 weeks and 3 months). Both treatments
generally depressed denitrifers. Dursban
teiporarily inhibited the aerobic p dissolvers
and the aerobic N fixers at the second sampling.
linurcn stimulated fungi at toth samplings and
the aerobic N fixers at the second sampling.
tutsban increased the algal population vhile
linutcn suppressed it.
975
Eielogical and Chemical Degradation of Atrazine
in 3 Cregon Soils
Skipper, H.D.; Volk, V.V.; Oregon State
University, Corvallis, Oregon
8e«d Sci, 20(»), 3«U-3«7«; 1972
HEBBICIOES; SOIL HCISTOBE; DHTOIIPICATION;
EEGRAEITXON; ATRAZINE; HTDROXYATRAZINE; LOAH-
CLIT; SILT LOAH; DETOXIFICATION; HyDROiySIS
Microtial degradation of atrazine and
hydroiyatrazine in a loam, a clay and a silt loam
was dependent on soil type, atrazine
concentration and moisture content. The
hydroxyatrazine ring was attacked more readily
than the atrazine ring. Hydroxyatrazine accounted
for 1C1 of the extracted C11 from 4 atrazine
treated clay and Icam, and for 40% from the silt
loam detoxification of the atrazine in the silt
loam was mainly by hydrolysis and in the other
soils it took place by a combination of chemical
hydrolysis and slow microbial degradation.
976
Hovement of Prometryne in Irrigated Carbonate
Chernozem
Skoblln, A.P.; Zakordooets, V.». ; Drozdova, O.A.;
Krymskii Psdagogicbeskii Institut, Simferopol'
DSSR
Agrokbimiya 5, 140-143; 1972
ROVEREIT; P80METBI»E; CHERIOZEH; PENETRATION;
P1BSISTENCJ; IRRIGATIOI; SOILS
in a 3-y«ar axperiment in which prom«tryn» was
applied 3-5 days b«fore the emergence of caccot
seedlings on southern carbonate heavy loamy
chernozem, the prometryne penetrated as deep as
15 cm within a month after application. The
final depth reached was 30-60 cm, depending on
the rate of application. Toxicity persisted
3.S-S.O months.
156
-------
977-982
977
Herbicide Effectiveness, Soil Residues, and
Phytotoxicity to Peach Trees
Skroch, S.A.; Sheets, T.J.; Snith, J.W.; N.C.
State Oniv. , Raleigh, NC
Heed Sci., 19, 257-60; 1971
PHYTOTOXICITY; TREES; DICHIOBEIII; TE8E4CI1;
3-TERT-BOTY1-5- BROHO-6-HETHYLORACIL; DP-733;
BERBICIDES; SOUS; RESIDUES; PEACHES; IEOITS;
ACCOnULATIOH
Dichlobenil, tetbaeil and
3-tert-botyl-5-bromo-6-metbyluracil (DP-733) were
applied annually as soil surface 01 incorporated
treatments for 3 years. The herbicides did tot
accumulate in the 0-15 c» soil layer, low
concentrations vere detected at 30-60 cm 1 year
after the third annual application of 6.72 kg/ha
dichlobenil and H.48 kg/ha of DP-733. Terbacil
was not detected at 30-60 cm but was presented in
the 15-30 cm layer of the «.«8 kg/ha plots.
978
Use and Residues of Mercury Compounds in
Agriculture
Smart, M.A.
Residue Rev., 23, 1-36; 1968
0SAGE; RESIDUES; BEBCORY; AGRICD1TORB; SBVIIS;
CSOPS; SOILS
1 review of use cf mercury compounds agriculture,
including mercury residues in soil and crops.
(109 references)
CARBON DIOXIDE; 3,6-DICHLOBOSALICYLIC ACID;
SAIICYIIC ACID; CARBCXYLATION; BREAKDOHN;
DEGRADATION PRODUCTS
The degradation of dicaiba, carbon in-labeled in
the carboxyl group, vas studied in moist
oonsterile regina heavy clay at 25 degrees.
following soil experimentation with 0.1i CaC12,
gas chromatography and radiochemical analysis
vere used to monitor the breakdown at weekly
intervals. Loss was rapid, with only 10* of the
applied dicamba being recovered after 5 weeks.
Further treatment with 1 n NaOH rec overed small
amcunts of dicamba, and increasing quantities of
3,e-dichlorosalicylic acid. At the end of 5
weeks, approximately 28* of the dicamba vas
transformed. 11C02 was also liberated from the
treated source, indicating that dicamba, or
3,6-dichlorosalicylic acid, or both, underwent
decartcxylation.
Esters to 2,U-D
981
the Hydrolysis of 2,<«-D Acetate
in Saskatchewan Soils
Smith, A.E.; Canada Department of Agriculture,
Research Station, Regina, Saskatchewan
Seed fes., 12(U). 36U-372; 1972
ELECTRO* CAPTURE GAS CBROHATOGRAPHY; ESTERS;
2,H-D; SOILS
The isc-prcpyl and n-butyl esters were easily
hydrolyaed in soils of pH 1.0-7.5, the recoveries
being less than 151 after 1.5h and 0* after 2th.
loss of the iso-octyl ester was slover,
apjroxinately 20-30* remaining after 2th and 10*
after «8h.
979
The Loss of Five Thiolcarbamate Berbicides in
Honsterile Soils and Their Stability in Acidic
and Basic Solutions
Smith, A.; Fitzpatrick, A.; Canada Dep. Agric.,
Saskatchewan, Canada
J. Agric. Fd Chem., 18, 720-722; 1970
LOAN; EPTC; VERNOLATE; PEBULITt; CIALL1TE;
TRIALLATI; B1DROLYSIS; THIOLCARBAHATE;
BERBICIDES; SOILS; STABILITY; DEGRADATION; CLAT
In Regina heavy clay and ieyburn loam, EPTC,
vernolate, pebulate and diallate were lost within
2 to 4 weeks while the loss cf tiiallate vac much
slower. Treatment with 10 M NaOB solution at 95
degrees C for 1 hr did not affect EPTC, pebulate
cr vernolate, but diallate and triallate weie
degraded under milder alkaline ccnditions. In
acid solution a higher concentraticn of H2SO1 was
required for the hydrolysis of EFTC, vernolate
and pebulate than for that of diallate and
triallate.
980
Transformation of Dicamba in Regina Heavy Clay
Smith, A.E.; Regina Res. Stn., Canada rep.
Agric., Regina, Saskatchevin, Canada
J. Agr. rood Chei.(JArCXO) , 2U1), 708-10; 1973
SOILS; DICAHBA; HERBICIDES; IHAHSICRHATIOH; CIAY;
TRACER; 1ATER; B1GINA HEAVY CLAY; GAS
CHROHATOGRAPHY; RADIOCHEHICAL ANALYSIS; CA1CIOH
CHLORIDE: SODIOH HYDROXIDE; TRANSFORMATION;
982
Influence of calcium Hydroxide and Sulfur on 2,
U-C Cegradation in Scil
Smith, I.E.; Georgia University Agricultural
Elferi»ental Station
Soil Sci. 113(1), 36-11; 1972
GA£ CBROBATOGRAPHY; HICBOBIAL ACTIVITY;
FERTILIZERS; HERBICIDES; CALCHJK HYDROtlDE;
SDIFOB; 2,U-E; DEGRAEATIOS; SOILS
Sterilized and nonsterilized sandy loai soil (pR
6.8, 2.71 organic matter) was incubated with
0-HOOC ppm S or Ca(OH)2 at field capacity for 2
weeks; 2.U-D was then added and incubation was
continued for a further 2 weeks. 2,t-D
degradation in non-sterilized soil was
significantly inhibited by s concentrations
greater than 100 ppm and was almost completely
inhibited by 500 ppi S. 2.U-C degradation in
non-sterile soils treated with Ca(OH) 2 vas
greatest at pH 7.0-7.U (500 and 1000 ppm Ca(OH)2)
and high rates of Ca(OH)2 significantly decreased
2.U-C degradation. S and Ca(OH)2 did not affect
2,M-C degradation in sterile soil.
157
-------
983-987
983
Degradation, Adsorption and Volatility of
Diallate and Triallate in Erairie Soils
Smith, A.E.; Res. Stn, Can. Agric., Begins, Sask
Weed Bes, 10(4), 331-339; 1970
HESBICIOES; GAS CHROBATOQRAPHY; FICROBIOLOGY;
BREAKDOWN; LOAN; WILTING POINT; riGBADATIOR;
CLAY; SOILS; DECOMPOSITION; 1EACHIH6: ADSOBFTION;
VOLATILITY PRUIBIE SOILS
In laboratory experiments «ith fleyburn loam IpH
6.5), SOX of the di-allate applied at rates of
2.25 to 2.50 Ib/acre was degraded after 4 weeks,
when moisture was in excess ef wilting point. In
Begina heavy clay (pH 7.8) tie Icsses vere
slightly lower, in both soils little degradation
nas observed at moisture levels telo* nilting
points. As negligible losses occurcd in sterile
soils, Bicrobial degradation was considered an
important factor in di-allate breakdown. In both
soils, tri-allate dacoaposition was slower.
Highest di-allate leaching occurred in weybtirn
loan. In 4 soils, tri-allate was almost
completely adsorbed from aqueous solution. Vapour
losses of di-allate depended on soil type and
temperatures whereas for tri-allatt they were
negligible even on heating tc 50 degrees c for 26
days. In the field, 15-20* of tb« applied
tri-allate was fcund in the top 5 cm after 1
growing season, and only 511 cf the initial
di-allate. negligible residues of toth herbicides
were found at the 5-10 ci level.
984
Degradation of Cicamba in Prairie Soils
Smith, A.E.
Reed Res., 13(4), 373-378; 1973
GAS CHBOHATOGBAPHY; UHPEBATBBE; HIBBICIDES;
HICRCBIAL DECOHPOSITIOR; HOISTORI; SOUS;
DEGRADATION DZCOHPOSITION; tICAHBA
98«
Degradation of Bromoxynil in Regina Heavy clay
Smith, A.E.; Begin a Res. Stn., Canada Dep.
kgiic., Regina, Saslc.
Seed tea.(HEHEAT), 11(4), 276-82; 1971
EROHOXYNIL; CLAY; SOILS; HERBICIDES; DSCOBPOSITION
At rates eguivalent to 1« kg/ha greater than SOU
of the applied bromoxynil was degraded in Regina
hear; clay in 2 weeks at 25 degrees and at
moisture levels above the wilting point. Losses
at 18 degrees were slower, and little breakdown
occurred in sterile Begina clay soil, indicating
that licrobial activity coiuld be important. The
decomposition products included small amounts, of
3,5-ditro«o-4-hydroxybenz«mide and
3, E-dibromo-4-hydroieybenzoic acid. Bromoxymil
uas determined in soil by extraction with 0.4V
ROB in HeOH, evaporation, solution in 10% KC1,
and spectometry at 285-4 nm. Recoveries were
68-721 from bromoxynil-fortifled moist clay after
24 hr of equilibration. No interferences were
found. After spectrometry the solution was
acidified with HC1 and extracted with EtOAc. The
organic phase was dreid, evaporated, and the
residue dissolved in NeOH for chroiatography on
pafer (2-PROH-MH40H-H20, 20:1:2) or on silica gel
plates (C6H6-EtOAo, 1:1) to seperate and identify
decomposition products.
986
Disappearance of Triallate from Field Soils
Smith, A.E.; Canada Dep. Agric., Begina, Sask.
leed Sci. (IEESA6) 1971. 19(5) 536-7; 1971
IRIAIIATE; SOILS; DISAIPEARANCE; HERBICIDES;
FESICOE; PRAIRIE SOILS
Triallate can persist in prairie soils and could
be carried over frcm one growing season to the
next, suggesting that care should be taken when
sensitive crops, such as oats, are being grown in
rotation with wheat. Field plots were treated
with 2.8 kg triallate/ha in emulsion form. After
1 growing season (5 months) the residues
remaining in the 0-5 and 5-10 ci soil levels were
determined by gas chromatography. No residues
were detected at the 5-10 cm level, whereas
16-25H of the applied herbicide was found in the
top 5 cm level.
987
Persistence of Triflnralin in Small Field Plots
as Analyied by a Rapid Gas Chro»atographic Method
Smith, A.E.; Canada Department of Agriculture,
Begina, Saskatchewan
Journal of Agricultural and food chemistry,
20(4), 829-831; 1972
PIRSISIEXCI; TRIFIORALIN; GAS CRBOMATOGRAPBY;
ANALYSIS
158
-------
988-993
988
Degradation of Dinitraiine (H3, 113-Diethyl
Z.U-Dinitro-e-Trifluoroietnyl-H-Fhenyltnediaiine)
in Sell
Siith, R.A.: Belles, «.S. ; Shen, K.; Hoods, S.G. ;
O.S. Borax Res. Corp., Anaheim, Ca
Pestic. Eiochei. Physiol. (PCBP8S). 3(3), 278-88;
1973
DIIITHAHINE: SOILS; DEGRADATION; BERBICIDES; Sill
LOAM; LOAM; TRACER; RADIOACTIVITY; HETBTL
HYDROXIDE; METHYL CYANIDE; HITABC1ITES; THIN
LATER CHROHATOGRAPHT; EXTRACTION
The degradation of dinitraiine, incorporated at
0.5 Ib/acre (0.6 ppi), in Anaheii silty loam soil
vas studied over an 8-ionth period. For both
trifluorciethyl-14C-labelea dinitraiine and
ring-uniforily-labeled dinitramine, only 20* of
the radioactivity vac lost in 8 Booths froi the
incorporation zone. HeOH* or ReCN-cxtractabl«
radioacti?ity decreased rapidly during the
initial 60 days, and only 20H reiained after 2U4
days. One metabolite *as
6-aiino-1-ethyl-2-iethyl-7-nitro-5-(triflucrcmethy
1) benziiidazole (at 0.06 ppi). and unchanged
dinitraiine vas detected at 0.05 pp». Ivo otter
•etabolites Here tentatiTely identified by
thin-layer chroiatography. As
n3-ethyl-2,»-dinitro-6-(trif luorci ethyl)-m-phenyle
nediamine (at 0.01 ppi) and
6-aiino-2-iethyl-7-nitro-5- (triflucroiethyl) benzim
idazcle (at 0.01 ppi). Effective eitraction
•ethods are described.
989
Cheiical Stability of DDT and Belated Compounds
in Selected Alkaline Envircnient£
Smith, S.; Parr, J.F.; Soil later Conscrv. Res.
Div. , Agric. Res. Serv. . Bat en Rcuqe. la.
J. Agr. Food Chei. (JAICAO) , 20(4), 839-41; 1972
DDT; STABILITY; ALKALINE EHYIHONHEHT;
CKGAMOCHLORIHE IBSECTICIDES; SOILS; INSECTICIDES;
DE6EADATIO* PRODUCTS; DDE; DID; IEHO
DDT vas stable in soil treated vith anhydrous NB3
up to pR 10, and in sterile, buffered, glass
•ictobeads up to pR 12. The threshold pH fci
debydrochlorination of DDT tc DDI in licrobcads
was 12.5, vith greater than 70X conversion at pR
13.0, vhere the aionnt of applied CDT Unaccounted
for increased from 201 at 140 hr tc SOU after 30
days, suggesting the fonation of intermediates
that vere lost daring extraction, or vere not
detectable. Applied DDE vas relatively stable in
•icrobeads at pB 13.0, vhere nearly coiplete
recovery vas obtained after 7 days. Rcvever,
extended incubation to 28 days aliened a gradual
disappearance of DDE vith only 88 and 75X
accounted for at pR 10.0 and 13. C, respectively
suggesting a tiie-depenedent pH relation.
Siiilar pH effect vas shown on the
dehydrochlorination of DDD tc DDHD
(1-chlorO-2, 2-eiz (p-chlorophenyl) ethylene).
While DDD vas stable at pR 10.0, it converted
rapidly to DDHO at pR 13.0.
990
Cheiical Stability of DDT and Related Compounds
in Selected Alkaline Environments
Smith, S.; Parr, J.F.
3 Agric Food Chem, 20(U), 839-8U1; 1972
ABHOHIA TREATED SOILS; DEHTDROCHLORIHATION; PH;
E1ECT5CH CAPTOSE; GAS CHROMATOGRAPHT; INCUBATION;
GLASS BEADS; DDE; DDD; 1 CHLORO-2
2-EIS-CHLOROPHENIL ETHtLEME; SOILS
991
Effects of Surface Area Exchange Capacity and
Organic Batter Content On (liscible Displacement
cf Atiazine in Soils
Snelling.K.w.; Hobbs, J.A,; Povers, v.L.
Argon J, 61(6), 875-878; 1969
HERBICIDES; MOVEMENT; ORGANIC MATTER; ATRAZINE;
SOILS
992
Transport, Distribution, and Degradation of
Chlorinated Hydrocarbon Residues in Aquatic Model
Eccsysteis
Soedergren, A.; Dep. Anim. Cell., Dniv. Lund,
Land, Sved.
Oikos (OIKSAA) , 2t(1) , 30-41; 1973
INSECTICIDES; DEGRADATION; TRANSPORT; AQOATIC
ECOSYSTEMS; CHLOPHEN; tCT; DEE; MODEL ECOSYSTEM
993
Coloriietrically Deteriinable Herbicides.
Analysis, Degradation, and Toxicology
Socrcnsen, 0.; Ryg. Inst. Ruhrgebiets,
Gelsenkirchen, Germany
»oi iasser (vj»»At)) , 38, 17-26; 1971
HERBICIDES; COLORIMETRY ANALYSIS; ADSORPTION;
SCILS J DEGRADATION
Procedures vere given for determination of
herbicides in dilute aqueous solutions by
adsorption on ion exchange resins, elution, and
colorimetric analysis. Included were methods for
deteriination of chlorate, paraquat, diquat,
aminottiazole, and laleic hydrazide. Ose of
these methods revealed that paraquat and diquat
vere adsorbed irreversibly tc filter sand and to
humous soil in columns, whereas the other
herbicides vere not adsorbed. The adsorptive
capacity of a 1-cm deep layer of sand was 8.4
g/i2 for paraquat and 9.5 g/i2 for diquat. Study
of the biological degradation of the herbicides
in icist soil revealed the following half-lives:
laC103, 4 days; aminotriazole, 40 hr; diquat,
several lonths; paraquat not or very slowly
degraded. The slow degradation rates of diquat
and paraquat vere due to their firi binding to
ion eichangers in the soil. The toxicology of
the herbicides studied was reviewed.
159
-------
994-999
994
Effect of Herbicides on the Biological Activity
cf the Soil
Soldatov, A. B. ; Barbut'Ko. H.; Latushkin. L.
Tr. Beloruss, Sel'Skokhoz. Akad. (TESAA2) I 76,
131-1; 1911
HERBICIDES; SOILS; CATALYSIS; AI1FOE; EHOHEIRINE;
AMIBEN; SIMAZINE; PYRABIN; SOGAR BEETS; GATNON;
LENACIL; ENZYME
ilipur (1.2-2.4 KG/HI), prometryne (1.5-3.5
KG/HA), and aiiben (4-6 KG/HA), applied 3-4 days
before sugar beet soiling, and pyraiin (3-5
KG/HI), sUazine (2 KG/HA), gatncn (4-6 KG/HA).
and lenacil (2-4 KG/HA) . applied 2-4 days aftei
sowing, decreased the soil catalase activity
during the first 10 days after application, but
in the later period the enzyie activity was
similar to that in antreatfd soil.
995
Degree and Rate of Degradation of Soie Pesticides
Under Intensive Cheaical Control for Sugar Eeet
Protection
Sovljanaki, a.; Inst. Agr. Res., Novi Sad,
Yugoslavia
Bull. sci. cons. Acad. Sci. Acts RSF Yougoslavie
Sect. A, 18(1-3), 23-21; 1S73
DEGRADATION; PESTICIDES; SUGAR BIE1S; IDT;
FOLIAGE; HEPTACHLOR; TRICHLOBFON ; BOOTS; PLANTS;
fODDEB; THIOMETON; PERSISTENCE; FESIDOIS
Results of a three year study of the degradation
rates of pesticides used on zugax beets indicate
that the toot may be used as fodder several days
after one or t«c treatments with DDT while the
leaves should not be used tot this purpose until
six weeks after treatment. Other efficient, but
less persistent insecticides should be
substituted for DDT to maintain a tolerance limit
level of insecticide on the foliage. Th«
residues of heptachlcr found were completely
harmless, and the use of this insecticide has
been satisfactory. Trichlorfon en the foliage
vas degraded to the tolerance liilt within 10
days and had almost completely disappeared in 15
days. The roots of plants treated with
trichlorfon were fit for fodder immediately.
Thiometon residues were below tolerance limits at
all harvesting dates and hence treated plants
could be fed even to dairy cows.
997
Cosment on Chemistry and Netabolism of Terminal
Fesidues of Crganophosphorus Compounds and
Carbamates
Spencer, E.Y.; Bes. Inst., Canada Dep. Agric.,
Louden, Ontario, Canada
Pestle. Chen., Proc. 2nd Int. Congr. Pestic
Chsm., (2imAY) 1912, 6, 315-317; 1972
REVIEW; ORGANOPHOSPHATES; INSECTICIDES;
BETAECIISM; CABBAtlATIS
S96
Distribution of Pesticides Between Soil, Rater
and Air
Spencer, W.F.
Part of Pesticides in the Soil: Ecology,
Degradation, and Movement, Mich, state Dniv., E
Lansing, Mich., p. 120-128; 1970
DISTRIBUTION; PESTICIDES; SOILS; WATER; AIR-
CEGSItJTION; MOVEMENT
999
Pesticide Volatilization
Spencer, U.P.; Oniv. of CA, Riverside, California
Residue Reviews, 49, 1-45; 1973
VAIOE PBESSORE; VOLATILIZATION; LOSS; DEGRADATION
FRCBOCTS; SOILS; PESTICIDES; TRANSPORT;
DISSIPATION; REVIEW; RATE; MERCDBY
Literature pertaining to moderately and slowly
vclatile pesticides with vapcr pressures less
than 11-2 •• mercury is reviewed, factors
affecting volatilization losses, mechanisms of
volatilization, indirect and dirsct measurement
cf volatilization losses, volatilization of
degradation products, and calculations of the
magnitude of potential volatilization rates under
field conditions are discussed. Volatilization
frcm foils is emphasized since a high percentage
cf applied pesticides ultimately reaches the
loll. Evidence demonstrating the significant
roles of volatilization and vapor-phase transport
in dissipation of pesticides is discussed.
996
A Systematic Method for Evaluating the Potential
Environmental Impact of Rev Industrial Chemicals
sowinski, E.J.; Saffet, I.a.
Part of Barrekette, loval S. (id.). Pollution
Engineering and Scientific Solutions.
Proceedings of the First International Meeting of
the society of Engineering science. T«l Aviv,
Israel, June 12-17, 1972. Plenum Press: New
York, NY; London, England, (95-104), 764; 1973
POLYCHLOBINATED EIPHBNYLS; PESTICIDES;
BIODEGRACATION; PCS; IRDOSTBT
160
-------
1000-1003
1000
Desorption of Lindane fro« Soil as Belated to
Taper Density
Spencer, S.P.; Cliath, H.H.
Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc., 34(4), 574-578; 1970
DESORPTIOH; LINtANE; TAPOR DEHSI1T; SOILS;
INSECTICIDES; ABSORPTION; TOIATIIIZATIOH;
1SOTHERHS; GILA SILT LOAD; SIT HE; GAS SATURATION;
BEHTONITI; FREDHILICH EQDATI01I
The vapor density of 4-50 microgram/gram lindane
absorbed on Gila silt loam with a water content
of 2.2, 3.94 01 10% was measured at 20. 30 and 40
degrees C by a ges saturation methcd. Taper
density UBS also measured for 2.5-20
microgram/gram lindane absorbed en bentonite at
65* water content and 30 degrees C. Rater content
had no effect en vapor densitj until the soil das
dried toN2.2* water content (that is, a
lonoiolecular layer of water). When more than
2.2X water was present in Gila silt loam, vapour
density increased with temperature and lindane
concentration until a saturated vapor density,
equal to that of lindane without soil was reached
at 50, 55 and 62 ppm lindane at 1C, 30 and 4C
degrees C, respectively. Desorption isotheris
for lindane on Gila silt loam and tantcnite
fitted the Freundlich eguaticn.
1001
Pesticide Volatilization as Belated to Hater Less
from Soil
Spencer, i.F.; Cliath, H.H.; Califcrnia Agric.
Exp. Stn., Agric. Res. Serv. , Riverside. Ca
J. Environ. Qual. (JETQAA), 2(2), 284-289; 1973
PESTICIDES; VOLATILIZATION; SOUS; LIMtANE;
CIELBRIH; SICK EFFECT; 8ATER; COCISTIL1ATIOH;
EVAPORATION; HDHIDITI
A water lass accelerated the volatilization rate
cf dieldrin and lindane frcm the scil, bat only
after the soil surface had been depleted of the
respective pesticide. The enhanced volatilization
rate was due to the wick effect, rather than to
codistillation. Pesticides which ace carried to
the surface of the soil in evaporating water can
either volatilize immediately, or after
remoistening of the soil surface fclloning
drying. Thus lindane would vclatillze
concurrently with water, since it is more
water-soluble than dieldrin, which would rise to
the soil surface during periods cf lov moisture
and relative humidity and then volatilize rapidly
upon remcistening.
1002
Tolatility of IDT and Related Compounds
Spencer, H. F. ; Cliath, N.H.; Soil water Conserv.
Res. Div., Agric. Res. Serv., Riverside, Calif.
J. Agr. Food Chem. (JFACAO), 20(3), 6U5-649; 1972
DDT; DDE! TOLATIIIZATION; SOUS; TAFOR PRBSSORI;
CBGAMOCHLORINES; INSECTICIDES
Tapor pressures of two DDT isomers, and of some
of their degradation products, measured by gas
saturation, indicated that the o,p' isomers are
more volatile than the p,p' isomers. The vapcr
pressure cf 0.p'-DDT was 7.5 times that of
p,p'-DDt. »t 30 degrees, the atmosphere abcve a
surface deposit of technical grade DDT contained
621 o,p'-DDT. then technical grade DDT vas
applied to moist soil at 20 micrograms/g, the
atmosphere in the above the soil contained egual
amounts of o,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDT, bat at higher
concentrations the ratio of c,p'- to p,p'-DDT in
the vapor phase increased. Cieldrin applied with
EDI did not affect the DDT vapor density. Air
drying of soil reduced volatility of all
compounds. The primary breakdown product of DDT,
p.p'-CDE has a higher vapor pressure than the
original compound, p,p'-DDT, indicating that luch
of the DDT now present in the soil may voltilize
as DEI.
1003
Tapor Density of Soil Applied Dieldrin as Related
to Scil Hater content. Temperature and Dieldrin
Concentration
Spencer, I.F.; Cliath, H.H.; Farmer, ».J.
Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc., 33(40), 509-511; 1969
EIILIRIH; TAPOR; TCLATILIZATIOH; DIFFOSIOH;
SOILS; STREAMS; NITROGEN GAS; GILA SILT LOAN;
WATER; GAS-WASHING; RElANE: GAS LIQUID
CHROHATOGRJPHT; CHLOBIBATED HTEROCA8BOMS;
ISSECTICIDIS; SILT LOAB
lata relating solid-phase dieldrin concentration
in scil to vapor density as affected by the
soil-water content and temperature are presented
and the implication of the results to
volatilization from soils and to diffusion
through soils is discussed. The vapor density of
dieldrin was determined by measuring the amount
of dieldrin in a stream of nitrogen gas slowly
icving through a column of Gilla silt loam
containing various concentraticns of dieldrin.
The dieldrin was removed from the nitrogen gas
stream in gas-washing bottles containing hexane
and its concentration in herane was determined by
election-capture gas-liguid chromatography.
Tapor densities at 2C, 30 and 40 degrees C were
determined on each column made up at a particular
dieldrin concentration and/or water content.
Results demonstrated that vapor densities of
dieldrin in dieldrin-soil mixtures increased with
temperature and dieldrin concentration but were
not affected by soil water content until the
water content decreased below that eguivalent of
one iclecular layer of water. Vapor densities
drcpfed to very low values when the water content
fell below this level, but increased again as
vater was added to the dry scil, indicating that
the drying effect is reversible. when more than
a loncmolecular layer cf water was present in the
soil, vapor density increased with increasing
soil dieldrin concentration until a saturation
vapoi density egual to that of aieldrin without
soil (54, 202 and 676 ng dieldrin/1 at 20, 30 and
40 degrees C respectively,) was reached at
approximately 25 pp> dieldrin. This implies that
surface application of dieldrin and probably
other similar chlorinated hydrocarbon
insecticides will volatilize as rapidly from
mineral soils as from the pure materials until
the concentration at the surface falls to
relatively low levels. The data indicate that
less cf water, per se, is not required for
significant rates cf volatilization to occur from
soils or other surfaces on which water can
successfully compete for adosrption sites. (1
references)
161
-------
1004-1011
100U
Volatility of DDT Residues ID Soil as Affected by
flooding and Organic natter Applications
Spencer, if. F. ; Cliath, H.H.; Parser, 9.J.;
Shepherd, R.A.
J. Environmental Quality, 3(2), 1<«-12S; 197
-------
1012-1018
1012
Effect of Soil Type and Irrigation Bet bod OB
Lateral Hoveient of Cycloate
Stanger, C.E.; Department of Fan Crops, Oregon
State University, Corvallis, Oregon
Seed Science, 19(6), 709-711; 1911
SOILS; LOAN; RATIR; BABNTABD GRASS; L01HT SJSD;
SILT LOAH; SILT; GRASS; SOIL NOISTORE; CTCLOATI;
CARBAHATZ; MOVEMENT; IRRIGATION; 1CAH
In greenhouse experiments in which cycloate
(S-ethyl-N-ethylthiocyclohexene carbaiate) was
applied by subsurface line injection, its lateral
loreient (as measured by its toiicity to
barnyardgrass) in irrigated soil «as greater in a
loamy sand than in two silt loaiE. Movement was
greatest when the soil was irrigated to near
field capacity before injection tut vac not
irrigated subsequently. Lateral loveient was
adequate with furrow irrigation after
application, but the treated band cf sell was
displaced. Movement was inadegate with sprinkler
irrigation and subsurface irrigation. In a silt
loai witti fur ton irrigation, cycloate «as lore
effective when lixed lechanically with the soil
than when injected. In a silt Icai irrigated
after injection, loveient was greater after
injection into loist soil than after injection
into dry soil.
1013
comparison of the Persistence and Vertical
Boveient of the Soil-Applied Rerticides Siiazine
and Broiacil
Stecko, v.; Dep. Plant Husb., Agric. Cell.
Sweden, Uppsala
Part of Proc. 10th br. Seed Ccntrcl Corf.
(303-306); 1970
BIOASSAT; HERBICIDES; MOVEMENT; EROHACIL;
SIMAZINE; PERSISTENCE; SOUS; SAKE; CLAI
Bioassay showed that when the herbicides were
applied to the soil surface, downward movement of
croiacil was lore rapid than that cf Siiazine.
Broiacil persisted Icnger in sandy soil than in
clay soil, whereas sinzlne persisted longer in
clay soil. Siiazine persisted Icnger in the top
layer than it did lover down, vhcreas troiacil
persisted longer lover down.
Residues of DDT and DDE in Sell frci Ncrvegian
Cheiicals by Soil Organic Matter Ereparaticns
sternersen, J.; Friestad, H.O.; Cniv. Birmingham,
England
Part of Eroc. 10th br. ieed Ccntrcl Conf. 3,
(1089-1100) ; 1969
CRGANIC HATTEE: EET: EDE; ORGANIC CHEMICALS;
ABSOBPTIOH; SLDBBT METHOD; GEI FIL1RATION;
FILTRATION; SOUS; CALORIHETRY; FILTHA1ION; HOMIC
ACID; TRIAZINE
The isolation of organic latter and lethods for
studying interactions in agueous solutions
between components and organic chemicals are
descrited. The techniques used to study
absorption included the slurry lethod, gel
filtration, pressure filtration and caloriietry
and were illustrated by interactions between
s-triazine herbicides and huiic acid preparations.
1015
Residues of DDT and DDE in Soil from Norwegian
Fruit Orchards
Stcrscn, J.; Friestad, H.O.
Acta Agr. Scand., 19(*j, 1969, 2U1-2UH
FRtJITS; SOILS; RESIDDES; DET; DDE; FRDIT ORCHARDS
1016
Rcnitcring Pesticides in Soils from Areas of
Regular Lilited and No Pesticide Ose
Stevens, L.J.; Collier, C.w.; Wood ha«, D.H.
Pestic. Monit. 0. ,
-------
1019-1023
1019
Long-Term persistence of BBC, DDT, ana chlordane
in a Sandy Loai Soil
Stewart, D.K.R.; Chisholi, D.; Res. Stn., Canada
Dep. Agric., Kentville, Hova Scotia, Canada
Can. J. Soil Sci.(CJSSAB) 1971, 51(3), 319-383;
1971
INSECTICIDES; PIBSISTENCE; SOILS; BHC; DDT;
CHLOBDANE; RESIDUES; TBANSPOHT; ICAH; SANDY IOAH;
DDE
Residues of technical BHC, DDT and Chlcrdane
present in a sandy loam soil 15 years after the
last application were 7.5, 55 and 16*
respectively of the aiounts applied. The BHC
residues consisted cf alpha-, beta', ga»a-,
delta-isomers at relative percentages cf 36, 36,
16 and 12, respectively. The beta isomer was the
lost persistent. DDT residues consisted chiefly
of p,p«-DDT and O.P'-DDT and of E.p'-DDE.
Residues in chlordane-treated plcts were
principally alpha- and gamma-chlcrdana. There
vas little downward or lateral movement of these
insecticides in the soil in IS years.
1020
long Ten Persistence of Parathion in Soil
Stewart, D.K.B.; Chisholm, D.; Ragab, B.T.H.;
Res. Stn, Canada Dep. Agric., Kentville. Hcva
Scotia, Canada
Mature, lond., 229, «7; 1970
PARATHION; LOAN; HOVEHENT; SOILS; SAID;
PERSISTENCE
Parathion at 31.4 It per acr< (15.7 ppi) was
applied annually in spring tc a sandy loai soil
in 19U9-1953. During 19*9-1 S69 there was little
downward movement of parat hien. Here was a
small amount of lateral moveient, probably as a
result of cultivation. About 0.1* of the total
parathion applied remained in 196?.
1021
The Influence of 5,Bromo-3 Secondary
Butyl-6-Hethyl Oracil on the Nitrifying and
Bespiratory Capacities of soil
Steyn, P.I. ;Wolff, S.».
Phytophylactica, 1 J3-») , 1969, 157-159
HICBOFLOFA; HERBICIDES; FLORA; RESPIRATION;
SOILS; DR1CIL
1022
Persistence of Aldrin, Dieldrin, Heptachlor,
lindane, and Crude BHC fiexachloracyclohexane'
Formulations in Four Queensland Soils
Etickley, E.D.A.
Eur. Sugar Ex Sta., Queens!., Tech. Comun., 1,
38; 1S72
FESSISTENCE; BHC; LINDANE; EIILDRIN; LIME;
CYCLOtlENE; ALDBIN; HEPTACHLOR; SOILS; HESIDOES;
INSECTICIDES; EPOXIDE
As sho«n in field experiments the persistence of
gaima-BHC in the soil increased, as the
peicentage of this isomer in the crude BHC
formulations, applied to the soil, decreased,
with gamma-BHC from the lindane treatments being
the least persistent. Purealpha-BHC, Beta-BHC,
delta-EHC, and dieldrin did not affect the
persistence of the gam«a-BHC, suggesting that the
high persistence is due to the presence of some
ether compounds in crude BHC. Line had no effect
en the persistence of gamna-BHC. Out of 3
cyclcdiene insecticides, dieldrin was by far the
most persistent. Aldrin and heptachlor were
epcxidized to dieldrin and heptachlor epoxide,
respectively in the soils, and residues, 13
months after the application of the insecticides,
consist almost entirely of the epoxides.
1023
Edaphic Aspects of the Disposal of On used
Pesticides, Pesticide wastes, and Pesticide
Coctainers
Stcjanovic, B.J.; Kennedy, M.V.; Shuman, F.L.;
Mississippi State Oniv., State College, Hiss.
J. Environ. Qual. (JEVQAA) 1972, 1(1), 50-62; 1972
PESTICIDES; EIODEGFADATION; SCILS; BACTEBIA;
DISPOSAL; 10AN; CALCARIOOS LOIR; flICROFLOBA;
EARAODAT; CIELDHINJ PICLORAN; VERNOLATE; BROMINE;
ZIRC; ARSEHIC
Complete biodegradation of all pesticides does
not occur in the soil. The biodegradation and
the effects in the soil micrcflora of 20
analytical grade and formulated pesticides, and 7
formulations mixtures were studied in a
calcareous loam. The soil was amended with
11,227 kg/ha of the respective active ingredient
(S), and was subseguently incubated for 56 days.
The extent of fciodegradation was estimated] from
the CC2 evclved during the incubation, and the
effects on the microbial populations vere
determined. From plate counts of the incubated
samples. Picloram, paraquat, Vernolate, and
Dieldrin, as well as 8 of the formulations, were
partly degraded. Single pesticides inhibited
racterial growth, but affected streptomyces and
fungi much less drastically. Nixtores of
formulations were more biodegradable than the
single pesticides, provided that at least 1 or 2
pesticides in the mixture. lere relatively
rapidly biodegraded. Ihe mixtures reduced the
number of bacteria, but favored growth of
stxeptomvces and fungi. Incineration of liquid
formulations at 900 degrees produced little ash.
The incineration of solids, however, yielded
substantial aiounts of incombustible residues.
Analysis of the ash from the solid indicated in
several cases the presence of toxic elements,
such as Br, As, Zn, etc.
164
-------
1024-1030
1024
nicrobial Versus Chemical Degradation of
Ralathion in sell
Stojanovic, B.J.; Ralker, 9.9.; Gulf Coast
Research tab., I. Beach, Ocean Spring*. US 3956H
Journal of Environmental Qcality, 2(2) , 229-232;
1973, April - Jane
INSECTICIDES; BALATHIOM; BIODZGRADATIO>; CUT;
HICBOOBGANISHS; DEGBADATIOK; SOUS; LCAH; PB;
ABATEMENT; HICBOJLOBA; DISSIFATICH; OBGARIC
HATTER; RTDROLT5IS
Chemical and aicrobiological degradation of
lalation was studied in 3 Riasissitpi coils
(Trinity loaa, freestone sandy loaa, and Okolona
clay) and their aqueous dilutions. Ralathion
abatement in all cases Mas acre rapid under
nonsterile than under sterile conditions,
indicating the involvement of th« soil ilcrcflcra
in Balathion diiaipation. Halathion
disappearance under sterile conditions was
interpreted as cheiical degradation. The
tagnitude of licrobial as coipared to chemical
degradation seeacd to increase with increasing
soil organic latter and »ae directly dependent 01
soil pH. Microbiological degradation
predominated in all 3 testa and their agueous
dilations. The greatest aaount of cheaical
degradation occurred in Okolena clay. Nalathicn
«as guite stable under neutral or acid pH
conditions, but was susceptible to hydrolysis in
the alkaline pH range.
1025
Environmental Indicators for Pesticide:
Strickland, J.; Blue, T.; Stanford Research
Inst., Kenlo Park, CA 94025
final Sept., Stanford Research Institute; Prcj.
SRI-BCU-1608; Contract EQC-217; Apr 72, 129
1026
2-Aryl-3-(Alk,ylamino)Acrylonitriles as fungicides
Strong, J.G.
U.S. (OSIXAH) 3696199 (424/3C4; a CIS) , 25
September, 1970. 6; 1972
ACBYLONITBILB; SOILS; FUHGICICES
1027
Influence of Soil Physico-chemical
Characteristics en the Efficacy cf Herbicide
Pentachlorophenol
Su, I.H. ; Lin, B.C.
Journal of the Chinese Agricultural Cheiical
Society, 8, 99-104; 1970
ADSORPTION; PCP; SOUS; OBGAKIC RATTEB; PH;
BEBBICIDES: PESTACHLOBOPBEHOL
Adsorption of PCP increased Kith increasing coil
organic latter content, soil surface area and
acidity.
1028
Covntermeasnres to Pesticides Besidae Problems
Taken in Fukushiia Prefecture
Suenaga, H.; Pukushiia Agric. Eip. Stn.,
*oxi]ama, Japan
Shckobutsu Boeki (SHBOAO), 27(10), 418-420; 1973
A1DBII; SOILS; RESIDUES; PES1ICIDES; AERATIOI;
FH; CCHPOST
The aldrin level of soils vas lowered by
aeration, by adjustment of scil pR to 5.0, and by
addition of coipost.
1029
Persistence and Degradation of Chlorf envinphos,
Ciazinon, Fonofos and Phorate in Soils and Their
Uptake by Carrots
Hatn. Teg. Ees. Stn, wellesbourne,
Festic. Sci., 2, 105-112; 1971
Suett, D.L.
England
PERSISTENCE; CBLOBfEHYIHPHOS; DIAZIHOll; FOUOFOS;
EHCBAT1; SOILS; UPTAKE; CABROTS; IHSBCTICIDES;
LOAM; EEGBADATION; PLAMTS: PEAT; SAHO; RESIDUES
The insecticides applied at 2 kg/ha persisted
longer in peaty loaa than in sandy loai. After 7
lonths the sandy loaa containd 1X of the applied
di si in en and 20-30* of the chlorfenrinphos,
fcnofcs and phorate. The residues in peaty loaa
vere 10, 40-50, 40-50 and 30-40K, respectively.
Cairots harvested 26 weeks after sowing contained
less than 0.2 ppa cf all insecticides.
1030
Degradation of 3-(3',5'-dichlorophenyl)
5,5-diiethyloxazolidin£-2,4-dione by Plants
Suiida, S.; Toshihara, B.; Hiyaaoto, J.; Res.
Cept. Pestic. Div., Suiitoio Cheiical Co., Ltd.,
Bycgc-ken, Japan
Agr. Hiol. Chei., 37(12), 2781-2790; 1973
CEGBACATIO«; PLAHTS; SOILS; UPTAKE; HETABOLISH;
BEARS; SBAFES; FLANTS; ROOTS; LEAP TISSUES;
BOfEHIRT; EDOD; BOA; DRCA; IIMON LANP;
(AEIOIRACEBS; CARBON 1«
Studies on uptake, tissue distribution, and
letabclisi of 3-(3',5'dichlorophenyl)-5,5-diiethyl
cxazolidine-2,4-diene (DDOD) by bean and grape
plants, and degradation by soil and light were
carried out using c-11 or 3H-DDOD. DDOD injected
at st€i or absorbed through roots of bean plants
was transported lainly to leaf tissues. No
downward aoveient of the label was observed.
tBCD was decomposed in the nutrient solution to
«-3,5-dichlorophcnyl-N-alpha-hydroxyisobutyl
carbnic acid (DRCA) and
alcha-hydroxyisobutyl-3,5-dichloroanilide (HDA).
Hetabclisi of DDOD in lean plants or on grape
terries theiselves occurred to only a siall
extent if at all. when injected into grap«
trees, DDOD underwent Eoie degree of
• etabolization to RDA and probably
3- (31,5'-dichloro-4'-hydroxyphenyl)-5,5diiethyloxa
Iolidine-2,»-dione. In soil, DDOD broke down to
DHCA. HDA, and 3,5-dichloroaniline, but formation
of tettachloroazobenzene was not observed under
the present experimental conditions. DDOD
decoicosed to seme degree when irradiated with a
xenon lamp.
165
-------
1031-1035
1031
Volatilization, Degradation, Adsorption, and
Desorption characteristics of Aldicarb
(2-Hethyl-2-(Methylthio) Pro pion aldehyde
0- (Bethylcarbamcyl) Oiime) in Soils and Clays
Supak, J.R.; Texas A And H Univ., College
Station, Tex.
Univ. Microfilms, Ann Arbot, Nicb., Order No.
72-21,336, Diss. Abstr. Int. E., 1972, 33(3),
982; 1972
ALDICARB; SOILS; CLAT; OXIHE; FESTICIDIS;
DEGRADATION; V01JTILIZATIOS; ADSCEFTIOR;
DESOBPTION
1032
Decomposition cf Herbicides in Different Soils,
Following Repeated and Combined Application.
Suss, A. ; Landanst. Pflbau, Muncben, German
federal Republic
Bayer, land*. Jb., «7, H25-UH5; 1910
SORPTION; DECOHFOSITIOH; HIREICICES; SCILS; SOIL
MOISTURE; TERPERATOBE; HONOLHORCR; THIAZIRE;
FTRAZON; TRIAZIRI; SIMAZIHZ; AREEIN; PSiRAHlR;
CLAY; ORGANIC HATTER; MICROORGANISMS
The tic-labelled herbicides Here applied tc
different soils (pH 6.1, 6.51 and 7.H9; sorption
values of 72.6, 78.1 and 91.6*) in the
laboratory. Decomposition (during 52 weeks)
•ainly depended en soil moisture and temperature,
and was highest at 30* of field capacity and at
30 degrees c (with lonolinnrcn and triazine) or
15 degrees C (pyrazon). Repeated application of
the saie herbicide generally increased the rate
cf decomposition, while coibined application with
triazine (siiazine) promoted the decomposition of
monolinuron (Arecin) and pyrazon (Fsyramin).
Ricrobial decomposition of the herbicides was
much affected by sorption en sell clay and
crganic matter, and generally resulted in a
progressive decrease in the C02 production daring
the first few weeks.
1033
Behaviour of Sorbed Herbicides in Soil, and Their
Availability to Plants
Suss, A.; Eben, C.; siegmnnd, H. ; Landesanstalt
fur Pflanzenbau, Sunchen, German Federal Republic
Sonderheft Zeitschrift far Pflanzenkrankhetten
(Pflanzenpatholcgie) and pflmnsenachuti, 6,
65-7
-------
1036-1041
1036
Translocation of Soil-Residual Organchlorine
Pesticides into Vegetables
Suzuki, H.; Tamato, 1.; Kitakyushu Manic. InSt.
Public Health, Kitakyushu. Japan
Shokuhin Ziseigaku Z ass hi (SKEZAF) . 1» (2) , 160-7;
1973
IHSECTICIBBS; BISIDOES; CHOPS; SOUS; UNDA1IE;
DDT; UPTAKE; CROPS; CXBROTS; TCRHIES; SPINACH;
SADISHIS; CABBAGE; TOMATOES; COCONBEBS; EHDBIN;
ALDRH: DIBLDRIK; BHC; BED; DDE
The uptake of alpha BBC, beta BHC, gana BRC, and
delta BRC from soil was higher by carrots,
turnip, spinach, and radish than by cabbage and
tomatoes. The uptake of an aldrln-dieldrin
•iztnre «av 16.6, 9.6, and it.ft* by cucumbers,
carrots, and spinach, respectively whereas the
uptake of endrin «as 21.6, 14.5, and 9.11 by
cucumbers, cabbage and radishes, respectively
although there vcre high levels cf p,p'-DDT
p'-DDT, p.p'-DDD, and p,p'-DEE it the soil, only
trace aiounts «cre found in the test ctops.
1039
Fhytctoxicity of Triflnralin Vapors fro* Soil
Svann, C.B.; Bebrens, R.B.; Dep. Agron. Plant
Genet., Univ. Minnesota, St. Paul, Minn.
Seed Sci. (1EESA6) | 20(2), U3-1U6; 1972
TRIPlORALItl; VAPOR; SOILS; EOXTAIL MILLET;
PLANTS; PBOSO NIUET; BILLET; ROOTS
The growth of foxtail roots and shoots was
inhibited by trifluralin, when exposed
selectively to trifluralin vapors arising from
soil. Suppression of root and shoot growth
increased as trifluralin application rates
increased. In shoot exposure, vapors arising
fic» soil treated with 5 ppi trifluralin vere
lethal to seedlings of both species. In root
exposure, root growth cf both species was severly
suppressed at 20 ppi trifluralin but shoot growth
was unaffected. The phytotoxic effects resulting
frci a given concentration of trifluralin were
•ore severe as greater carrier volumes were used
for application. Trifluralin vapors arising froa
soil 16-22 days after treatment were still
sufficient to cause shoot growth inhibition.
1037
Multiple Organochlorine Pesticide Residues in
Japan
Suzuki, H.; Yamato, T.; Oatanabe, T.; Kitakynsho
Runic. Inat. Public Health, Xitakyushu, Japan
Bull. Environ. Ccntaa. Toxiccl. (EECTA6), 10(3),
1*5-150; 1973
PESTICIDES; BESIDDES; SOUS; CHG1KCCHLCBIN!
PESTICIDES; DDT: BRC; ISOMERS; A1DRIN; DIEtDBIIf;
IRDBIK; DDE; ODD; FOOD
Many organochlorine pesticide residues were
detected in the agricultural soil cf a region in
japan that has been treated with large aiounts cf
pesticides. The soil contained high residual
levels of DDT and its related compounds, several
isoaers of BRC, aldrin, dieldrin, and endrin.
Since these soil pesticides can enter food
sources by iany routes, they represent a serious
environmental hazard.
1038
Trifluralin Taper Emission froa soil
Swann, C.w.; Behrens, R.: Dep. Agrcn. Flant
Genet., Dniv. Minnesota, St. Paul, Minn.
weed Sci. (WE1SA6), 20(2), 1O-14S; 1972
ntXFURlLXII; T»POBItATTO»; SOILS; REBBICIDBS;
VOLATILIZATION
then applied to soil, trlflnialin lost less than
5% of its initial amount by volatilization during
the first 12 hours during the first 2 hours the
vapox loss fro* u.48 Xg trifluralin/ha was only
3.5 times that shown at 0.56 kg tiiflaralin/ha.
Increasing the spray volume froa 2.311 to 300
kl/ha reduced the rate of trifluralin
vaporization loss by SOI. The experiments «ere
carried out on 2 soil types.
10«0
Fredicition of Atrazine Distribution and Noveaent
in Scil Systeas
Swanson, R.A.; Dniv. Arizona, Tucson, Ariz.
Dniv. Dicrcfilms, Ann Arbor, Mich., Order No.
72-25,627, Diss. Ibstr. Int. B., 1972, 33(2),
527; 1972
ATSAZIIE; CISTRIBOTIOH; SOILS; TRANSLOCATION;
1041
Chemical and Physical Processes that Affect
Attatine and Distribution in Soil Systems
Swanscn, R.A.; Dutt, S.F.; Arizona Agricultural
Experiaent Station, University of Arizona,
Tucson, Arizona
Scil Sci. Soc. Amer., Proc. (SSSAA8), 37(6),
672-876; 1973
ATSAzIKE; ADSORPTION; CESORPTION; SOILS;
IBIOHELICH EQUATION; MODEL; MATHEMATICAL MODEL;
DISTRIBUTION
Eoth the adscrption and desorption isotherms for
atraiine in soil fit the freundlich equation,
although the desorptioc isotheri followed a
different path back to the starting point. This
hysteresis effect indicated that the adsorption
>nd desorption of atrazine by soils were
irreversible processes. The presence of calcine,
iac,ne:iua, or sodiua icns had little effect on
atratine adsorption and desorption, but the
solubility of atrazine was exponentially related
to the ionic strength cf the solution. By using
the eguation developed, a coaputer model for
prediction of the distributicn and aoveaent of
atrazine in soil was prepared.
167
-------
1042-1047
10U2
Movement of Parathion in Soil Columns
Svoboda, A.P.: Thomas, G.H.
Lj. Aqr. Pood Ch«m., 923-7; 1968
MOVEMENT; PARATHION; SOILS; ROVEBIHT
10«3
Distribution of DDT and Toxaphene in Houston
Black Clay on Three Ratersheds
Swoboda, A.R.; Thoaas, G.W.; Cadj, F.B.; Eaiid,
R.H.; Knisel, R.G.
Environ. Sci. Technol., 5(2), 1971. 141-1«5
INSECTICIDES; 801EBEKT; LEHCHIBG; tDT; CLAY;
ILACK CL»t; TOIAEHEBI
Mechanist of BBC Pollution
Tachikava, R.
Sci. Ashai. 30(12), »5-51; 1570
BENZINE HEXACHLORIDI; "ATIB; FBE£RBATBR; SEA;
ANIMALS; RIVERS; DIIT; ISSEC1ICItIS; SCILS;
ADSORPTICH; RESICDES; RAINPAIL
In Japan, benzene hezachlotide, BBC, is used as
an insecticide. Beta-BHC has a higher toxicity
level than alpha-BHC, is less solutle in water,
and is lore persistent, therefore. more alpha-£RC
is used in western Japan. Because BBC is se
widely used there is very little fresh nater
which is unpolluted since the agricultural waters
on which BRC la used flo« into the rivers and the
sea. BHC condenses in living animals tecanse of
their contact vith the soil and «ater. The
residue concentration In water is low but,
nevertheless, it is adsorbed ty the surface layer
cf soil and when it rains it is dissolved by the
water and readsorbed by the plants. Ov-rays
break down gaseous BRC which enters the
atmosphere but re-enters the cycle through the
rain. The aiount of BHC varies with tie seasons
ranging fro* 0.1 ppb In the inland sea to His. ppb
in Yokohama City. Beef and dairy trodocts
contribute a large amont of BRC in the dift; fcx
adults 0.6 ig ter person is an allowable Halt.
The use of the BBC and DDT decreased but other
insecticides are expensive, therefore, other
safer agricultural chemicals lust te developed
and the old ones iiproved upon.
10 « 5
Pate of Pesticides in Environment
Tahori, A.S.; laiael Inst. for Biol. Bes.,
less-Ziona, Israel
Gordon and Breach Science Publishers* Bew
York-London-Paris, 572 p.; 1972
PATE; PESTICIDES; SOILS; BETABOLISM;
CBGAIMPHCSPHOBOS; FD1GICIDZS; FOCC CBAIiS;
BIOCBEHISTBY; BlSIDQtS; BAHBftLXal TOXICOLOGY;
ORGABOCHLORINZ; CAHBABATES; TBAC1B; BABHALII1
FRURACOLOGY; RZflBI
Pat* of Pesticides in Environient is vcluae sli
in the series Pesticide Cheaistrj representing
the proceedings of the Second International
congress on Pesticide cheaistry of the
International Onion for Pure and Applied
Cheiistry (IOPAC), held at Tel Aviv, Israel.
February 22-26, 1971. The congress vas attended
hy over 700 scientists representing 35 countries.
the current volu»e contains papers and
reconendations froi workshop sessions on:
factors influencing the fate ot pesticides in
soils; cheaistry and aetabolisi of teriinal
residues of organochlorine, orqanophosphoros, and
carbaaate coipounds, as veil as fungicides; and
the use of radioactive tracers for the study of
fate cf pesticide residues in food chains. Also
included are papers froa syaposia on
interpretation of tasic cheaical and
toiicclogical data involved in development of
pesticide residue tolerances and biochemistry of
pesticides in relation to aaiaalian toxicology
and pharmacology.
1046
Pollution and the Purifying Action of Soil. 3.
Foliation by Agricultural Chemicals
Takahashi, 1C.; Hyg. Res. Lab. Kanagawa Prefect.
Japan '
Bizu Shori Sijutsu (HSYCAO) , 13(6), 1-18; 1972
i; IHSECTICIDES; SOILS
10U7
Besults of investigation of Organocholorine
festicide Residues in Soils Shore Vegetables are
Grcvn
Taka'nnma, S.; lada, T.
Kantc Tosan Byogaichu Renkyukai Nenpo Proc.. 19
12H-125; 1972
CRGAHOCHLOBIRE PESTICIDES; HESIDOES; VEGETABIBS-
RICI; BHC; EUDBIW; CASIO"; PH; HOMOS; HOHIC ACIB-
PESTICIDES; DIELDBIN
Besults of investigations in 1970 of
organcchlorine pesicide residues in 32 soil
specimens in vegetable fields in nagano
prefecture are reported. The sampling and
analysis of the soil specimens were carried out
vith standard gas chromatography methods. Pour
vegetable fields where rice »as grovn previously
foi 1-5 years and four regular vegetable fields
were used. The smaller the amount of application
the smaller the residue. In the converted fields
the residue was relatively siall despite the
relatively large amounts of applied BRC. Endrin
residues did not parallel the aiount of the
application. The correlation between the
residues and pH and organic matters in the soil
were higher for delta-BRC and dieldrin. The
ciallcr residue of DDT was found in the soil with
a hick pR. The correlation between total carbon
and tie residues was high for alpha- and
gamma-BBC. There was also a high correlation
rctwecn humus and gamma-BHC and humic acid and
gamma- and alpha-BBC.
168
-------
1048-1052
1008
On the Fate of Disulfoton in th« Faddy yield Soil
Takase, I.; Nakamura, H.; Kobayashi, N.; Tsutoi,
l.: Vakahayashi. S.: Agr. Chem. lea. I tat.. Nihcn
Tokushu-Noyaku Seize Co. Ltd., Hino, Tokyo, Japan
Noyaku Kenkyu
-------
1053-1060
1053
Dynamics of DDT and BHC Residues in Fodder CICE
soil
Talanov, G.A.; Kovaleva, Y.S.
Tr. Vses. Nauchnc-Isslei Inst. Vet. Sanit., »1,
1972, 182-187
BEETS; VETCH; OA1S; COBH! POTATOES; SOUS; BET;
BHC; RESIDUES; CHOPS; FODDER
105«
The Adsorption of Some S-Triazin«s in Soils
Talbert, R.E.; fletchall, O.K.
Weed Sci., 13, 1965, 46; 1965
ADSOEPTICN; S-TBIAZINE; SOILS
1055
Effects of Activated Carbon on Pluometuron,
Kitralin, and Trifluralin Activity in Soil
Talbert, R.E.; Kennedy, J.M.; Agicn. Dep. , Oniv.
Arkansas, Tayettcville, irk.
Proc., S. Bead Sci. Soc.(SBSEBE), 25, 394-402;
1972
ACTIVATED CARBON; HERBICIDES; IS ACTIVATION;
FLOOBETORON; NITRALIH; SCILS; EIGSFIE; BIOASSAI;
WHEAT STRAY; COTTON STALKS; THIF10RALIN; COTTON;
SAND; SILT LOAN; siIT; LOAN
As shown by the pigweed bioassay, activated
carbon was greater than 100 times as effective at
vas wheat strati, and wheat straw was greater thai
10 times as effective as were cottcn stalks, in
inactivating nitralin in sand cultures. In a
silt loai soil, 0.177 ppm nitralin or 0.174 tpm
trifluralin weie inactivated by 100 ppi daicc gff
carbon. In field experiments, 1 Ib nitralin/acre
and 1.5 Ib fluoieturon acre were completely
inactivated by 500 Ib carbon/acre, when the
carbon and the herbicides weie applied at the
same time. The carbon was less effective when
applied subsequent tc the herbicide*.
1056
Behavior of Amiben and Dinoben Derivatives in
Arkansas Soils
Talbert, R.E.; Runyan, R.L.; Baker, H.I.
Veed Sci., 18(1), 10-15; 1970
HERBICIDES; SOILS; AMIBEi; DINOBEI
1057
Distribution of Lead Chelate in the Transpiration
Stream of Higher Plants
Tanton, T.w.; Crowdy, S.R.
Pestic. Sci., 2(5), 211-13; 1971
BE VIES; TITl; 1I»D; CHELITIOI; FURS; IBID
CBIL1TI; STEIAHS; FONGICIDIS
A reivew with 12 references on the use of 1:1
FDTA lead chelate as a free space marker in
plants. The chelate can be used for the study of
the transport of systeiic fungicides.
1058
DDT Residues in Forest Floor and Soil After
Aerial Spraying Oregon 1965-68
Tarrant, R.F.; Nooce, D.G.; Eollen, S.B.; Loper
E.E.
Peetie. Honit. J., 6(1), 1972, 65-72
MICROORGANISMS; DDE; ODD; INSECTICIDES; FOREST
SOILS ; SOILS; AIB
10!9
BHC Residues in the Environment
latsukawa, R.; wakiaotc, T.; Ogawa, T.
Part of Hatsuaura, Fuiio, G. Hallory Boush and
Tcioiasa Hisato (Ed.). Environiental Toxicology
cf Pesticides. Proceedings of a Dnited
States-Japan Seminar. Oiso, Japan, October,
1971. Illus. Haps. Acadeiic Press: Hey York, NY;
london, England, (p. 229-238); 1972
F1ANTS; HOHANS; TISSUE; AIB; HATER; SOUS; BHC;
fiZSITOIS
1060
Saiple Errors in Measurements of the Persistence
cf Dieldrin in a Field Soil
Taylcr, A.8.; Barrows, H.L.; Soil Hater Conserv.
Res. tiv., Agric. Res. Serv., Beltsville, MD
Pesticide Chemistry Proceedings International
Congress on Pesticide Chemistry, V, 139-U55; 1971
IIILDBIN; PERSISTENCE; SOILS; ORGA NOPHOSPHORUS •
IESTICIDBS; PBRSISTENCI; HIPTACHLOE; RATE OF LOSS
The less of dieldrin from fields during the 4.5
yeare after spraying was 0.75 ppb per day froi an
initial concentrations of 3 ppi. The standard
deviations for the 8 sections of the field were
30-7CI about their Bean. The lean did not show
any regular decrease with time. In a detained
sampling experiment of 108 ccce saiples, the
dieldtin content showed a 50-fold variation
(range of 16-797 mg/m2, lean of 207 mg/«2).
Statistical analysis cenfirmed that these
variatins would account for the differences
letween the bulked samples taken froi larger
areas. The wide variability in the separate
cores could be attributed to differences in spray
coverage and irregularities due to poor mixing
dnrin cultivation. Under these conditions
coefficients of variation of soil dieldrin
analysis could be decreased below 20V at
practical sampling rates. The rate of loss of
the less persistent heptachlor could be measured
with luch greater confidence.
170
-------
1061-1069
1061
Organic Environmental Residues
Taylor, 1.5.; Commonwealth laboratory, Melbourne,
Australia
{roc. Boy. Aust. Chem. lust. (FAOCAZ), 39(12),
350-35*; 1972
BEVIEW; PESTICIDIS) RESIDUES; ANALYSIS; ORGANIC
CHEMICALS
1062
Decomposition of Sevin by a Soil Bacterium
Tewfik. M.S.; Hamdi, l.A.
Acta Hicrobiol. Fol. Ser. B. Micrcbiol. Appl.,
2(2) . 133-135; 1970
DECOMPOSITION; SEV1N; SOILS; Sail EACIIPIA
1063
Accumulation and Distribution of chlorinated
Insecticides in Soil and their Effects on Plants
Thakre, S.K.; Dep. Agric. Chem. Soil Set., Coll.
Agric., Parbhani, India
Pesticides(PSTDill), 7(5), 25-9; 1973
REVIEK; CHLORINATED INSECTICIDES; SOILS;
CHGAKOCHLCRINE INSECTICIDES; PERSISTENCE;
RESIDUES; DISTRIBUTION; ACCDNUIATICB; ILANTS
The persistence end distribution of insecticidal
residues in soil, and the effects cf chlorinated
insecticides on plant growth are reviewed with 47
references.
10 6U
Persistence of Eiological Activity of Seven
Insecticides in Soil Assayed With FOLSCBIA ClNCItA
Thompson, A.R.; Canada Dep. Agric., London,
Ontario, Canada
J. Econ. Entomol. (JEENAI) , 66(
-------
1070-1075
1070
Deconpositi.cn cf Herbicides and Insecticides in
Soil (A Review of Literature)
Tinar, M.
Agrokea. Talajt. , 19, 357-365; 1S70
SOILS; DECOMPOSI1ION; HERBICIDES; IBSECTICIDZS;
REVIEW
A review with 63 references.
1071
An Enzyme Coaplei Capable of Degrading 2*1-0
Tomati, U.; Lippi, D.; Pietrcsanti, w. ; Inst.
Chi*. Phan, some Univ., Italy
Beded. Rijksfac. Landbwet. Gent. , 35, 829-836;
1970
ENZYME COMPLEX; SOILS; DEGHAEATICN; 2.U-D;
PESTICIDES; MICROORGANISMS
The enzyme complex was extracted from a species
of ARTHROBACTBR isolated from soil.
1072
Bicrobial Conversion of Mercury Compounds
Tonomura, 1C.; Puxukawa, K.; Yamada, II.
Part of Hatsumura, Fuiio, G. Ballcry Boush and
Tomomasa Risato (Ed.). Environmental Tcxicolcgy
of Pesticides. Proceedings of a United
States-Japan Seminar., Oisc, Japan, October,
1971. Academic Press: Mew Tor*, N.Y., O.S.A.;
London, England. (p. 115-133) 637 p.
MICEOB10LOGT; BERCORY; CONVERSION
1073
Interaction of Herbicides and Soil Microorganisms
Torgeson, B.C.; Boyce Thoipscn lost, fee Plant
Research
NY, Hater Poll Cent Research Series 16060 DBf,
EPA, OSGPO, <73) special report; 1971, March
DEGRADATION; DCPA; SOILS; COLTOHIS; BICBOIIOIA;
CECONTAHIIIATION
In pure cultures and in soils th« addition of
DC Pi had littl« effect upon cactfiial growth, and
ceveral microorganisms appeared to
utilize-the-herbicide as a carton source.
Encouragement of the soil »icroflora by the
addition of nutrient broths resulted in a
reduction of toxicity to plants cf a lumber cf
herbicides. The results indicate that the
decontamination of soil by tte d«grad»tiv«
activities of the natural ilcroflcia may be
accelerated by the addition of soitable nutrient
sources.
107U
Effects of Hocap, N-Serve, Telone, and Voder, at
Iwc Temperatures on Populations and Activities of
Eicrccrganisms in Soil
la, C.B.; Bes. Inst., Agric. Cep. Canada, London,
Cntaric, Canada
Car. J. Plant Sci. (CPLSAI) , 53(2), 401-5; 1973
SOILS; FOMIGANTS; MICROORGANISMS; RESPIRATION;
»MBONIfICATION; NITRIFICATION; FONGOS; SOLFOR;
OIIDA1ION; LOAM; MCCAP; N-SER7E; TELONE; 70RLEX;
IEITCHE; INHIBITION; A8MONHJH SDLFATE; GLOCOSE;
INCOBATIOS; P3S1ICIDES; OX1GEN; SITHOGEN;
IEBPIBATORE; BACTERIA; SANDT LOAN
As shown in the laboratory, 5 and 30 licrograns
•ocap 20 and 40 licrcgrams n-serve/g, 25 and 150
• icrcgrams telone/g and 30 and 180 licrograms
totlei/g, 4ia not suppress the bacteria
populations in a sandy loam, at 5 or 28 degrees.
At the high levels, the compounds decreased the
fungal populations at 5 degrees, after 2 weeks.
R-cerve and telone stimulated ammonification of
incorporated peptone, whereas vorlex had an
inhibitory effect. Hocap and telone, at low
levels, stimulated nitrification of the native
organic nitrogen, after 2 weeks at 5 degrees. All
the cciponnds inhibited the nitrification of
(NR«)2S04 and oxidation of elemental sulfur after
4 weeks at 28 degrees. Oxygen consumption
increased with increasing concentrations of
mocap. Simultaneous' treatment with the pesticides
and glucose, depressed respiration in the early
stages of incubation. The effects of the
pesticides on respiration shoved that soil
teipcrature was negatively correlated with
incubation time in the early stages of the
experiments.
1015
Bui Insecticide Soil Metabolism
Tucker, B. T. ; Pack, D.E.; Orthor Civ., chevron
Chem. Co., Richmond, Calif.
J. Agr. Food Chem. (J1FCAO) , 20(2), 412-16; 1972
EDI; IISKTICIDES; HYDROLYSIS; SOILS;
RETHT1CABBAHATE; H«T»BCLTSIS; CARBON 14; TRACER
GUI insecticide, a 3:1 mixture of
M-(l-BETHTLBOTTL)Phenyl methylcarbamte, was
readily metabolized by soil organisms by attack
at the carkamate ester linkage. Soils treated
with the carbonyl- 14C-labeled constituents
seperately evolved lab«ld carbon dioxide as the
parent carbamate content decreased. Each parent
carbaaate formed only one labeled metabolite in
the sell, H- (l-HIDBOXI-l-HBTHILBOTIL)Phenyl
methylcarbamate and B-(1-HTDROIY-1-ETHTLPROPTL)Phe
nyl methylcarbamate, which vere present only in
trace amounts. M-(l-BETBILBOTIL)Phenyl
n-hjdroiy-n-methylcarbamate,
m- (1-HYDBOIT-1-HBTHT1BOTIL) Phenyl
methylcarbamate, P-hydroxy-m-(1-HETHYLBOTTLT)Pheny
1 methylcarbamate, B-(I-BBTHYLBOTYL) Phenyl
n-hydroxymtthylcarbamate,
H-(2-BIDBOn-1-BHBIlBBTTL_Phenyl
•ethylcarbamate, and H-(3-HYEROTY-1-MITHYLBOTYL) Ph
enyl mrthylcarhamate were prepared to aid
metabolite identification.
172
-------
1076-1082
1076
floveaent and Degradation of Herbicides in Florida
Citrus Soil
Tucker. D.P.; Phillips, B. I. ; Department of Fruit
Crops, University of Florida, Gainesville, Fl
Citrus Industry, 51(3). 11-13; 1970
RESIDUES; DISTRIBUTION; HOVEBEST; TIBB1CIL;
BBOHACIL; DICHLOEMIl; TBIFLOEiLlH; SOUS;
HERBICIDES; DISFEHSIOB; DEGRADATION; CITBDS
The distribution of terbacil, brciacil,
dichlobenil and trifluralin in citrus coils which
had b«en treated with these herbicides for op tc
5 years was studied. Terbacil and broiacil
rapidly disappeared fro* the top 18 inches of
soil, but were fcund throughout the 18 inch layer
of soil. Only trace concentrations of residual
dichlobenil and trace aaounts or no residues of
trifluralin were found in the top 18 inches. The
Beans of dispersion and degradation arc discussed.
1077
Effect of Cheiical Agents Applied in Ccibatting
After-Sncw slipperiness of Beads on the Greenery
Soil in Lublin
Turski. B.; Flis-Bujak, II.; Risztal, N.; Inst.
Glebozn. Che*. Pcln. lydz. Boln., Akad. Eoln.,
Lublin, Poland
Ann. Uniy. Maria Curie-Sklodowska, Sect. E
(ACEAA2), 27, 89-105; 1972
ROADSIDE SOIL; CB10BIDE; LEU; CCPPIH; CHIOS;
SOILS; SHOW; LOBIIH
1078
Possibilities cf Binding Herticices of Triaiine
Derivates by Ruiic Acids
Turski, R.; Steinbrich, A.; Inst. Soil, Sci.
Agric. Che»., coll. Agric., Lutlin, Poland
POl. J. Soil Sci.(PJSOBH) 1972, 1(2). 119-24; 1972
HESBICIDE; SOHPTIOH; HOHIC ACID; CARBOXTL GBOOF;
HOHATE; TRIAZIHE; ACIDS; HTDECXTI
1079
Retabolisi of 3- (p-broiophenyl) - l-aethcxy-1-aethjl
area (Hetobroeurcn) by Selected Soil
Microorganisms.
Tweedy, E.G.; Loeppky, C.; Boss, J.A.; Missouri
University, Coluibia, MO
J. Agric. Fd. Chei. 18, 8S1-f53; 1570
METABOLISM; METOBROMOBOH; DBGRAD JTIO".;
3-(P-BBOMOPBEHT.L)-1-HrTHOXI-1-HE3BYLOHEA;
MICROORGANISMS; HERBICIDES; SOUS; BROHOA1II1I1IE:
ACETAMILIDE; METABOLITES; DEGBAC11ICM IBODOCTS
Degradation of the herbicide by TALABOMYCBS
SORTBAHII, FOSARIOM OXYSPOBON, CBIOBEL1A TOLGARIS
and BACILLDS sp., after 18 days incubation vas
37*, 11*. 1* and IK, respectively. All
•icro-organisBE rapidly converted p-bromoaniline
(an intermediate in the degradation process) tc
p-acetanilide.
1080
Eiodigradation of Pesticides by nicroorganisis.
3. Factors Affecting the Absorption of BBC
Isoiers by Fungal Hyceliua
Oeyaia, A.; Egawa, H.; Hasuko, H.; Shikata, B.;
Pestic. Res. Inst., Kycto Oniv., Kyoto, Japan
>ippon Kingakkai Kaiho (XGKKAT) , 12(2). 103-7; 1971
BHC; ABSORPTION; FDBGI; INSECTICIDES; SOILS;
It has been suggested that the persistence of BRC
in scils iay be caused by fungal absorption. The
absorption ot the alpha, beta, gaiaa, and delta
isciers by FOSABIOR BOSZUH was 0.01U, 0.080,
0.68, and 0.095 aicrc/ag fresh ayceliua for 500
•g ijceliui, respectively. Thus, the aiount
absorbed is not proportional to the aycelial
weights, and the gaaia and delta isoaers were
absorbed in larger quantities than the alpha and
beta isoeers. The laiiaua absorption level of F.
BOSEDM during successive treataents with aedia
counting consistant concentrations of ga»a-BHC
was 0.54 aicro/ig frest weight. The absorption
of gaaaa-BBC by COCHIICBOLOS NIYABEANUS in aedia
containing 115-92,080 ng/U al was aaiiaua 1028
ng/ag aycelial weight, indicating that it can be
absorbed up to a level of 0.U of the aycelial
weight changes in culture conditions
> (light/dark, shaking/stationary) had variable
effects on gaaaa-BHC absorption by C. NITABEANOS.
1061
Fate cf Aiiprophos in Soil
Deyam, I.; Takase, I.; Toiiiawa, C. : tiihon
Tokushu lloyaku Seizo Cc., Tokyc, Japan
Zasso Kenkya(ZASKAR) , »15), 28-3U; 1913
AHIPFOPHOS; PERSISTE»CE; SOILS; DE6BADATIO1I;
IMSECTICIDES; TBA«SFCRHHTIOH
1082
Detoiification and Translocation of the Herbicide
KRIS! in Soil
Oearcv, A.A.; Loi, N.F.; Tsoi, Z.I.; Inst. Khii.
fastit. Veshch., Tashkent, OSSR
Khi«. Sol. Khoz. (KSKZA1I) . 11(7), 5U5-7; 1973
KHIB5; SOILS; HERBICIDES; DETOXIFICATION;
BEHZIBIDAZCLE; COTTOII; HEEDS; ANSOALS; RATE;
ACSORFTION; SATER; BAIKFALL; 4PPLICATIOH;
TRIN5LOCATION
RHIB5 (5-chloro-n-isopropenyltcnziaidazolone),
applied preeaergence tc cotton fields at 5-10
kg/ha, effectively controlled annual weeds.
Although KHIE5 reaained active for 2-5 aonths,
incorporation into soil or increasing the
application rate strengthened its herbicidal
activity. Increasing soil aoisture levels
retarded the inactivation of KHIB5 in the soil.
KHIB5 tended to reaain in the top layer of the
soil (was strongly adsorbed) independently of its
application rate and the aiount of rainfall.
173
-------
1083-1089
1063
Perspectives on Herbicide Behavior in Soil
Opchurch, B.P.; Monsanto Co., St. Louis, Ho
Festic. Chei., Pice, Int. Cocgr. P«stic. Chei.
;nd(24HAAY), 6, 127-38; 1972
REVIER; HERBICIDES; SOILS; PJTE; AIPLICATION
A retiev which discusses th« behavior cf
herbicides in sell in celaticn tc the
environment, rates or lethcds of herbicide
application, and the develcpient ft ne«
herbicides.
1084
Eerbicidal Action of non-0573 Is Influenced ty
Light and Soil
Upchurch, R.P.; Eaird, D.D.; Monsanto Co., St.
Louis, Ho.
Proc. Rest. Soc. Reed Sci. (flSRPAf) . 25, 41-4; 1972
IHOSPHONOHETHY.L GLYCINE; HEKEICItES; GBASS;
II6HT; flCH 0468; SOILS
1067
An Evaluation of Kinetic and Equilibrium
Iqautions for the Prediction of Pesticide
Hoieient through Porous Media
Van Genuchten, M.T.; Davidson, J.M.; wierenga,
F. J.
Soil Sci. Soc. Ai. Proc., 38(1), 29-35; 197U
ABSORPTION; DESORPTIOH; PESTICIDES; KINETICS;
ECOIIIBRIDM; MOVEMENT; FOROUS MEDIA
ioee
Effect of Several Herbicides on Bacterial
Populations and Activity and the Persistence of
These Herbicides in Soil
Van Schreven, D.A.; lindenbergh, D.J. ; Koridon,
A.; Biol. lab., I jsselieerpclders Dav. Auth. ,
Kaipen, Netherlands
Plant Soil (PLSOA2), 33(3), 513-532; 1970
PERSISTENCE; IOJCTNIL; CALAEON; NECOPROP;
CICHLCRPROP; HCPA; PICLORAM; AMITBOLE;
BIEBICIDES; SOILS; BACTEPIA; AZOTOBACTEBJ
«ITRIfICATION; HICBOOBGANISNS
1085
Fate of the Fungicide 2, 6-dichloro-4-nitroanilin€
in Soil
Van Alfen, N.K.; Kosuge, T.; Oniv. California,
Davis, CA
Phytopathology, 63(2), 209; 1973
FATE; 2.6-DIcnLOBO-U-HITRO»!milII; DCMA;
DICHLORAS; METABOLITES; 4-AHIHO-3,5-DICHLOBOICITJN
ILIDE; 2,6-DICflICBO-P-PHmLIJBEimiB;
FONGICIDES; SOUS; METABOLISM; TFACEH
Labeled DC HA (dichlotan) «as rapidly xtabolized
in ncnaterile, flooded soil aiended vith glncose.
14C02 was not detected during the experiment. A
large fraction (up to 65K) of the radioactivity
could not be extracted using an «c«ton«-»at«r
•ystei. The lajor eztractable »€tabolite vas
identified as a-a»ino-3,5-dichloioacetanilid«,
and 2,6-dichloro-p-pbenylene-diaiioe wa« alio
recovered. In sterile soil lost of the
radioactivity extracted after 9 days *a< intact
DCKA.
1086
Physico-Che«ic«l Study of the Adsorption of
Organic Pesticides by Clay Minerals
Tan BlacJel, R. ; Facnlte dea Sciences ifronoiiquez
de Louvain, Belgia*
Annales de Geitloux, 77(3), 183-194; 1S71
SALT; SOILS; AESCBPTIOH; O8GADIC PESTICIDES;
CLAT; FBIDGOR; ROMTHOTtlLLOVITI; IEI10II1E; PE
Soie experiiental results regarding the
adsorption of fenuron by 2 types of clay minerals
(•ontaorillonite and Ryoiing-tentonite) are
discussed tilth particular reference to the effect
of pB, salt concentration and type of clay
ainoral. Adsorption increased with decreasing pB
and Mith salt concentrations graeter tban 1.0 I
laci. Adsorption va> considerably higher on
tentonite than on lontiorillonite.
10E9
Effect of Several Berbicides on Bacterial
Populations and Activity and the Persistence of
these Herbicides in Soil
Van SchrevEn, D.A.; Lindenbergh, D.J.; Koridon,
A.; Eiol. Lab., Kaipen, Netherlands
PI. Scil 33, 513-532; 1970
HERBICIDES: BACTERI1L POPULATIONS; PERSISTENCE;
ICAM; BITRIFICATION BATE; DALAFON, DICHLOROPORP;
10 IT NIL; NZCOPROP, ABI1EOLE; PICLORAM; HCPA;
BICRCCFGANISHS; SOILS
Saiples of polder soil (illitic sandy loai) vere
incutatad (at 29 degrees C and 65% water-holding
capacity) iiith different herbicides applied at
noraal and 10- or 100-fold rates; the effects of
herbicides on nitrification rate were studied in
(HHU) 2504-treated saiples. Azotobacter counts
were decreased after 2-4 necks by norial rates of
dalapcn, dichloroprop, ioxynil and lecoprop, and
by all herbicides applied at the 100-fold rate;
in several cases bacterial populations increased
in treated soils for longer or shorter periods.
Horaal rates of herbicides slightly depressed
nitrification in the first week; nitrification
tended to be strongly inhibited for soae tiae
(especially by a»itrole-T) at the 10-fold rate
and all herbicides (except picloraa), at the
100-fcld rate, depressed nitrification for longer
or shorter periods. Evolution of C02 in the
first neek was highly significantly depressed by
herbicides, especially when applied at very high
rates. After 9 lonths, traces of dalapon and
•ecofrop, 7.2* ioxynil, 29.81 dichlorprop, 39*
RCIA « dichlorprop, and about 52% pioclorai and
aiitrcle -T persisted in active fora.
174
-------
1090-1097
1090
Bio Degradation of Piperonylic-Acid an
Insecticide Synetgist by a Soil Esendomonad
vasavada, P.C. ; Forney, T.V.
Abstr. Anna. Meet Km. Soc Hicrctiol., 13, 31;
EZGRADATIO"; INSICT1C IDES; SCIIS
1091
Residues of Heptachlcr in Plants and Sell in
Relation to the Method of its DEC
Yasil'ev, V.P.; Kosmatyi, E.5.; tudel, K.A.;
Polonskaya, F.I.; Zatserkovskii, V.I.
Khim. Sel'sk. Khoz., 10(3), 32-34; 1972
HERBICIDES; SOILS; RESIDUES; HIPIACBLOJ; PlIBTS
1092
Interactions Betneen Pesticides and Soil
Microorganisms
Venkatmraman, G.S.; Rajyalaksbmi, B.; ti».
Bicrcbiol., Indian Agric. Res. lust., New Delhi,
India
Indian J. Exp. Biol.(IJEBA6) 1971, 9(4) 521-2;
1971
PESTICIDES; SOUS; HICROORGASISH; CALAIOM;
AZOTOBACTER; DITHAHI; BACTERIA; ACIIHOBICEIE;
FOIGI: 2,tt-D; CZEESAN R
•bile soil fungal population vas not adversely
affected by Dalapon Ceresan R, dithane, 2,»-t,
and four other pesticides, the bacterial and
actinomycetes populations vete suppressed.
Species cf ASPEHGILLOS, the dominant ccnstitoents
of the fungal flora, were tolerant to icst of th«
pesticides. Also, AZOTOBACTIf CRROOCOCCON
exhibited considerable strain vaiition in its
tolerance to different pesticides.
2,e-tlCHLOSOBENZABIDE; SOILS; DEGRADATION;
BEIB1CIDES
Eecoiposition, sorption, evaporation loss, and
penetration intc scil of the herbicide and of its
degradation product (2,6-dichlorobenzaaide) are
discussed.
1095
Herbicide Dichlobenil and its Decomposition
Irodncts in Soils and Hater
terlocp. A.; Nolle, H.H.; Forschungslab., N. V.
Fhilips-Dufhac, leesp. Netherlands
Schriftenr. Ver. Nasser-, Boden-, Lufthyg.,
E€tlin-Dahlei(ST8LAE), 37, 85-9; 1972
EICHICEEHII; SCILS; VATEB; HtFEICIDES;
TIRRISIHIAL BCOSTSIEBS; AQOATIC ECOSTSIEHS;
BESIIDES; EV»P05AIIO»; PLANTS; HIDPOITIATICN;
COUDGATION; 2 ,6-DICHICROBSNZ ABIDE ;
2, e-IICHLO ROBED ZOIC ACID; DECARBOXILATION;
ADSOBfTION ;OEGSADATICN; METABOLITES; FISH; NOCK
A large portion of applied dichlobenil is lost by
evaporation, shat is left in aquatic and
terrestrial plants breaks do*n through
hydroiylation and conjugation. Dichlotenil is
hydrclyzed into 2,6-dichlorobenza«ide and further
converted into 2,6-dichlorofc«ntoic acid for
further decarboxylation in the soil »here the
2,i-dichlorobenzaBide is taken up, hydrojylated,
and conjugated by plants. The adsorption rate vas
reduced and the degradation rate increased in
risistant aquatic plant species, compared to
susceptible ones, tichlobenil accumulated
temporarily and then Has rapidly eliminated in
aqeitic plants. Elimination ot both dichlotenil
and its metabolites and little evidence of
•eta to Lite residues Here observed in fish.
Initial dichlobenil concentrations of 0.5-1.5 ppt
in vater fell to or belox O.OS pp» in 2-3 months.
tichlobenil vas eliminated from bent hie muck in
six months. 2,6-dichlorobenza«ide vas not
detected in fish.
1093
Fate of the Herbicide Dichlotenil in Plants and
Soil in Relation to its Biolcgical Activity
Terloop, A.; Res. Lat., R. V. Philips-Duphar,
Veesp, Netherlands
Besidae Bev. (RBIVAR, 43, 55-1C3; 1S72
BEVin; CICHIOBIHTL; PLAITS; SOILS; HERBICIDES;
AVAILABILITY; DEGRADATION; BICIOGICAL ICTIVITT
1091
Recent Data on the Behaviour of Cichlobenil in
Soil
ferloop. A.; Wimmo, B.I. ; Forschungslatoratorium,
Philips-Duphar, fieesp, Netherlands
Sonderheft Zeitschrift fur Pflaniankrankheiten
(PFLAMIENPATHOLCGIE) und Fflanzecschutz, 6,
53-58; 1972
BBCOBP05ITIOII; £OBPTIO»; IVAPOHAIICII;
PIBETBATIOH; DIGF»DATIOH PROCOCTE;
10S6
Eodern Tievpoints in the Tosicological Evaluation
cf Pesticides
Vcrschuuren, H.G.
Nahrnng, 16(2), 126-127; 1972
UAS1S; ASIBALS; SOILS; PESTICIDES
10S7
Action of Simazioe on the Antibiotic Activity cf
Hicrcscopic Soil Vangi
Vlahov, S. ; Damyanova, L.; Gousterov, G. ;
Kamencva, I.
fart of Szegi, j. (Ed.). Proceedings of the
Symposium en Soil Ricrcbiology , »ol. 2.
Budapest, Bungary, June 16-20, 1970. Akademiai
Jiado; Budapest, Hungary, 1912, (p. 365-368J US»
SIRAZINE; ANTIBIOTIC; SOILS; FONSI
175
-------
1098-1105
1098
Residues of Dieldrin, Lindane, DET, and Parathior
in a Light Sandy soil aft«r Bepeeted Application
Throughout a Period of 15 Tears
Voerian, S.; Beseser, F.H.; lab. Fes. Insect..
El. Frot., Hageningen, Netherlands
J. llgric. Pd Chem. , 18, 717-719; 1970
PESTICIDES; CROPS; DDT; DISLtBIN; 1ISDJHE;
BESIDOES; SOILS; PERSISTENCE; PLANTS
The pesticides nere sprayed en crops several
tines a Tear and applied as soil tieattents once
a year. DDT and dieldrio Here Mere persistent
than Lindane but, below 20 c«, ttey appeared only
as traces. Parathion disappeared about one-half
year after the last application.
1099
Pesticide Residues in Nature
Veerodin. A.V.; OSSB
Zashch. Bast. (Hcscow) (ZRVBAS) , 16(8), 24-5; 1971
SEVIEH; PESTICIDES; SESIDOES; DDT; SOUS: RAtER;
EICHIOHOPHBNOXYACETATE; PLANTS; FHENOXY.ACITATB
ACIDS; POOD; 2,«-E
1103
Soie Current Problems in the Hygiene of Pesticides
Vrcchinskii, K.K.
Gigisna I Sanit., 34(5), 110-111; 1969
BESIDOIS; OBF.A; 2,4-D; S-TRIAZINB; HERBICIDES;
SEVIH; FRUITS CROPS; DDT; ACCOHaLATION;
HIGHAIION; FLORA; FADNA; FOOD; HCH; PERSISTENCE;
SATEF; PESTICIDES
Topics such as the potential hazards of
environmental contamination with residues of
urea, 2,<4-D derivative and s-triazine herbicides
and sevin on fruit crops are discussed. DDT soil
accumulation a,nd migration and DDT accumulation
in Okranian flora and fauna received attention.
A paper on the hygienic evaluation of food
products in relation to DDT and HCH use and
persistence in white Russia was presented. A
report was given on hydraulic, geological and
ether factors in relation to surface water
quality and the degree of pesticide pollution.
Atmospheric carbophos contamination in
agriculture in Uzbekistan was the subject of
ancther report. The conference also discussed
existing principles for setting up norms for
pesticides in the environment en the basis of
several pertinent papers. The conference adopted
an expanded resolnticn determining the basic
directions for research into the problem areas it
was concerned with.
1100
Effect of a Soil Absorbing Complex on the
Phytotoxicity cf Herbicides
Voitekhova, V.A.; Nauchno-Issled. lost. Odotr.
Insektofnngits., Boscow, OSSB
Khim. Sel. Khoz.
-------
1106-1111
1106
Kinetics of Losses of PCRB and DCRA in Three
California soils
fag, C.H.; Broadbent. P.B.; Eep. Soils Plant
lutr.. Univ. California. Davis. Calif.
Soil Sci. Soc. tier., Proc. (SSSIA8), 3<(5),
742-5; 1972
POHGICIDZS; SOILS; CHLORORITBOBBIZIRB;
CHLORORITB01RILIRE; PCRB; BCRA
The losses of PCRB and DCRA in 3 Cilitctnia soill
were measured in the Iba. Under controlled
temperature and moisture content, both fungicides
ware lost according to let-order kinetics.
Higher and soil organic Batter wee assocd. with
slower PCRB loss, bat enhanced DCR1 loss. PCRE
Mas lost mainly through volatiliiation, whereas
DCR1 vas lost through ilcrobial degradation and
other processes.
11','-,
Possible Importance of Transfer Pactors in the
Bacterial Degradation of Herbicides in latoral
Ecosystems
laid, J.S.; Dep. Bot., Univ. Canterbury,
Christcharch, lev Zealand
Beaido« Bev. (BBBVAH) , «4. 65-71; 1972
BIVIER; BACTERIA: BBBBICIDES; SOILS; GBRXTICS;
TBARSTEB; DBGBAtATIOR; RECBXRISB; DECOBPOSITIOB;
HICBCILOBA; RODIPICATIOR; BICBOOBGARISRS;
EP1SOBAL TBARSPBB
The genetic mechanism by which microorganisms are
•odified so that they can decompose herbicides
that ordinarily resist decomposition is
ditcnssed. The episomal transfer of genetic
information may preserve the ability of natural
•icrcflora to degrade resistant molecules. (25
references)
1107
Action of Pungicides (Thinram, Vapam) on the
Degradation of Triazine Herbicides in Soil
wagenbreth, t>.; Kluge, E.-, Inst. lorstniss.,
Dtsch. Akad. Landwirtschaftmiss. Berlin,
Ebersvalde, Germany
Arch. Pflanzenscbutz(AVPZAS) , 7(6), H51-9; 1971
IDMGICIDES; BEBEICIDE5; DECORPOS1T10H; SOILS;
THIOEAN; SINAZIHE; VAPAR; PBCRETtTlE
The fungicides, thiaram and »apan, inhibited the
breakdown of the triazine herbicides, Croietryne
and simazine by inhibiting the
herbicide-decomposing microorganisis such as
BHIZOCTORIA SOLAHI, in the soil. As a result of
this inhibition, the triaiin herbicides shoved a
prolonged time of action, and constgoently the
number of postesergence treatments with
herbicides could be decreased.
1110
Vertical Distribution of Herbicides in Soil and
Their Availability to Plants. Treatment of
Different Proportions of the Total Boot systems
Walker, A.; Rational Teg. Res. Stn.,
vellesbourne/Warvick. Ingland
leed Bes. (RESEAT) . 13 («) . 416-21
HEBBICIDES; UPTAKE; PLAHTS; BOOTS; WHEAT;
ATBAZIIE; 1IIOBOR; CABEOH 11; SEEDLIIGS; SOUS;
CISTBIEOTICR
The uptake of lie-labeled atrazine and linnron by
wheat UIITICOH AESTITOR seedlings Has
trcpcitional to the fraction of the total root
system eiposed to herbicide-treated soil. This
factor vonld offset the effect of the redness in
herbicide concentration in soil, following
incorporation of kg/ha tc 3,6, or 9 cm depths.
1108
A Simple Biotest Method for Estiiating the
leaching of Herticid«s in Soil columns and Rtans
of Mathematical-Statistical Evaluation
•agenbretb. D.; Trommer, B.
Rachrbl. Dt. Pfl-Schutzdienst. Bcrl. 2, 24-31;
1971
BIOTEST METHOD; LIACHIRG; BEBBICIEIS; SOIL
C010HRS; STATISTICAL BTALUATIOI
1111
Effects of Quintozene en the persistence and
Phyto Tozicity of Chlorpropham and Sulfallate in
Soil
Ralker, A.
Hort. Bes.. 10(1), «5-«S; 1970
CAEBAGf, HERBICIDES: POHGICIDES; StREFGISB;
GROSTB IRHIBITIOI; DISEASE COKTR01; CHLOBPROPBAN;
SQIPAI1ATK; SOUS; QOIRTOIIRI; PEKSISTERCE;
FHrTOTOlICITT; H»L»-LI?E
In pert experiments, the disappearance of
chlorfropham incubated at 1.6 ppm in soil at 23
degrees c with and without 96 ppm of qniitozene
was determined by bioassay. Quintozene increased
the half-life of chlortropham from 11.5 to 18.5
days. In a similar experiment, the half-life of
sulfallate vas increased only slightly.
Cuintczene was slightly toxic to cabbage
seedlings, and this effect vas additive vith the
growth inhibition cansed by chlorpropham.
Snlfallate and a proprietary mixture of
sulfallate plus chlorpropham also produced
additii* effects vith quintozene.
177
-------
1112-1117
1112
Availability of Linuron to Plants in Different
Soils
(lalker. A.; National Vegetable Research Station,
Hellesbourne/Harwick, England
Pestic. Sci. (PSSCBG) , 1(5), 665-75; 1973
LINURON; AVAILABILITY; 1HEAT; HERBICIDIS;
ADSORPTICN; DESCSPTION; PLANTS; SOILS; OPTARZ:
REDISTRIBUTION
Total uptake of linuron by vbeat seedlings in
nutrient solutions was close to that expected
froi the product of the aiounts cf water
transpired by the plants and the concentrations
of herbicide in solution. Uptake ircm 19
different soils was less tban the aleant supplied
by mass-flow vhen the concentrations of linuron
in the soil solution Here estimated from slurry
adsorption measurements. Osing a
pressure-ieabrane technique, it was shewn that
the acutal soil solution concentrations of
linuron were less than those estimated, and
following rewetting of pressure-ieitrace samples,
the rate of redistribution of liouron between the
adsorbed and solution phases was low. The
results suggest that under the ccnditicns of the
uptake experiments, the systems were not in
equilibirum, and show that the rates of
adsorption and desorption of linurcn may be
important in determining its availability to
plants.
1113
Influence of Soil Factors on availability cf
Atrazine and Linuion to Plants
Walker, A.; National Vegetable Research Station,
Rellesbourne, United Kingdom.
Proceedings, 11th British Beed Ccntrol Confetence
2, 800-805; 1972
PLANTS; AVAILABILITY; ADSORPTION; JTBAZINE;
LINURON; SOILS; UPTAIU; HIHBICIDIS; 1HIAT
The adsorption of cm-labelled atrazine and
linuron in various soils was studied in
laboratory incubation experiment! and the uptake
of the herbicides from soil ty wteat seedlings
was studied in pet experiments. Atrazine was
less strcngly adsorbed than linuicn. Elant
herbicide concentrations were directly
proportional to the rates applied to the soil.
111*
Availability of Atrazine to Hants in tifferent
soils
talker, 1.; Natl. »eg. Bos. Stn.,
Bellesbourne/warwick, England
Pestic. Sci. (PSSCBG) 3(2), 139-146; 1572
ADSORPTION; TRANSPIRATION; ATRAZIHI; P1ARTS;
UPTAKE; SOILS; R18BICIDES; NOT BUMS
11 15
Vertical Distribution of Herbicides in Soil and
Their Availability to Plants. Shoot compared
with Foot Uptake
Salker, A. ; Natl. Veg. Res. Stn.,
lellesbourne/Barwick, England
Deed Fes. (WEHEAT) , 13(«), 107-15
BEBBICIDES: SOILS; PLANTS; SHOOT; SOOTS; UPTAKE;
ATEAZINE; TURNIPS; LETTUCE; BYIGRASS; SEEDLINGS;
VERTICAL DISTRIBUTION; INUBOH; AZIPROTRYNE;
SIHA2INE; 1ENACII; PHONAMIDH; CHLOHOPEOPHAH;
CABBON 1<»; SHOOT-ZONE; ROOT-ZONE; TRACER
Experiments were carried out by separating root
and shoot exposure of turnip (BRASSICA RAPA),
lettuce (LACTOCA SATIVA) or ryegrass (LOLIOM
PERENAI) seedlings tc herbicides, in order to
siiulate conditions originating fron the unequal
vertical distribution of herbicides in soil.
Atrazine, inuron, aziprotryne and to a lesser
degree simazine and lenacil applied to shoots,
were toxic at concentrations which were lower
than those resulting from normal field
applications. Root exposure to all 5 herbicides
caused seedlings deaths at concentrations lower
than those required for shoot-zone toxicity.
Prcnamide and chlorprofham were tested against
ryegrass only, and were toxic only when localized
in the shoct zone. Root exposure suppressed root
growth, but the shoots grew normally if the soil
•as kept moist. At emergence, the atrazine-lac
uptake was higher in the shoct-zone as conpared
to the root-zone, but whereas the shoot-zone
uptake remains stationery, the root-zone uptake
increased with time.
1116
Persistence of Pronamide in Soil
talker. A.; National Vegetable Research Station,
iellesbourne, Warwick, England
Festic. Sci., 1, 237-239; 1970
SOUS; SOIL HOISDTRH; HALF-LIFE; PERSISTENCE;
PRONAHIDE; LEACHING; DECOMPOSITION
Under field conditions, there was little loss of
hetbicidal activity after spring application of
frcnamida when the soil temperature remained
telow about 13 degrees C, but under normal summer
conditions the half-life was only 2-4 weeks. The
rate cf loss was decreased when the surface soil
tscaie very dry. Aftet autumn application,
activity did not change during the winter and
little leaching from the top 5 cm had occurred by
the following spring. In the laboratory.
decomposition of pronamide followed first-order
kinetics. Half-lives at 101 soil moisture were
29 days at 23 degrees C, 63 days at 15 degrees
and 140 days at 8 degrees. At 23 degrees, the
half-life was extended to 52 days when the
soil-moisture content was decreased by 501.
1117
lew Criteria for Development of Herbicides
lalker, E.I.
Proc. Northeast Beed Contr. Conf., 24, 429-431;
1910
FLINTS; ANIBALS; RESIDUES; DEGRADATION;
BEBBICIDES ; CRITEBIA
178
-------
1118-1123
1118
The Effects of Horticultural Practices on Han and
His Environment
•alker. K.C.
Bortscience, 5(1). 239-2112; 1970
PESTICIDES; PLUHIS; HOTRIEHTS; SAlIHITf; WATIB;
SHORE; SOILS; EBOSIOB; HOETICOITCBE
1119
Use of Granular Pesticides fro* the Point of Tien
of Residues
Walker, P.T.; Trap. Pestle. Res. On it. Overseas
Dev. Adm., Portcn Down/Salisbury, Ingland
Residue Rev. tRREVAH), 40, 65-131; 1971
BEVIES; GRAHDLAR APPLICATION; PESTICIDES;
BESIDDBS; BIFDS; SOUS; CHOPS; BUS; KSECTS;
•ATEB; FOOD CHAIHS; HOHAHS
A review of granularlat pesticide residues, «ith
disc us si ens on granule distribution, ace in
water, use in soil, use on crops, residues in
bees, birds, and food chains, and toxic hazards
to human beings, «ith 400 refererces.
1120
Degradation of Ralathion bj Indigenous Soil
Microorganisms
Walker, B.B.; Mississippi State Oniv.. State
College, Miss.
Univ. Microfilms, Ann Arbor, Rich., Order Mo.
72-25,991, Diss. Abstr. Int. B. , 1972, 33(«),
1317; 1972
MALATHION; DEGRIIATIOH; SOILS; RICBOOH6AHISHS; IR
VITRO: THIH LAY.IB CHROHATOGBIPHI; IHZTIE
IHHIBITIOS
Degradation of malathion by five sell tacteria
was demonstrated. One of these, an AHTBROBAC1EB
species, readily degraded lalathion ID vitro to
•alathion half ester, malathicn dicarboxylic acid,
fotassiui diiethjl fhosphorodithioate, potassium
diiethyl pohsphorothioate, and an unidentified
•etabolite. 0-deiethyl malathion, potassium salt,
vas produced by e ncnbiological lechanism.
Metabolites vere tentatively identified by
thin-lay«r chromatography and confirmed by
infrared spectroscopy. Acetylchclinest«rase
inhibtioo vas determined lancietrically for each
•etabolite. Nalathion half-ester had one-third
the enzyme toxicity of lalathion vhile other
•etabolites shoved essentially nc enzyie
inhibition, conversion of aalathion to lalathion
half-ester eay represent ccipletc lalatbion
degradation, but not complete insecticide
detoxication, Ofon its return to the environment,
thenvironient, the tacterinm's atllity to degrade
•alathion USE severely impeded. The loss of
activity vas attributed either tc the tacteiiui1c
inability to reestablish itself in the soil after
prolonged cultnring or to adsorption of the
bacterial cells fey the soil solids, rendering the
cells unavailable for insecticide metabolism.
1121
Ralathion Degradation by an ABTHBOBACTER Species
talker, 1.1.; Stojanovic, B.J.
J. Environ. Quality. 3(1). «-10: 197«
CEGAICIHOSEROBDS IHSIC1ICIDIS; MICSOOFGXHISUS;
DissmTioi; SOILS; EICHETABOLITES; DEGRADATIOI;
RALATBIOI BALP-ESTEB; ULATRI01 DICABBOXILIC
ACID; POTASSIOR DIHETR1L PBOSPBOBOTHIOATE;
POIASSIOR CIHBTBTI PHOSPHOBODITHIOATE;
o-nsHiTHTi HALATHIOR; POIASSIOH SALT;
IISECTICIDtS
The dissipation of malathion from agricultural
soils has been shonn tc involve both chemical and
ticlogical aeehanisis, »ith tiodegradation being
of sutstantial magnitude. This investigation vas
conducted to (1) isolate from soil by enrichment
techniques a bacterium or several bacteria
capatle of readily metabolising malathion, and
(2) isolate and identify the malathion
metatelites resulting from this microbial
degradation. Of 18 soil bacteria examined, 5
«ere capable of utilizing the malathion molecule
«ith degradation of added insecticide ranging
from m to 951. The most efficient malathion
utiliter, an ARTRBOBACTER species, degraded
malathion to malathion half-ester, malathion
dicarbozylic acid, potassium dimethyl
phcsphorothioate, potassium dimethyl
phcsphorodithioate, and one other unidentified
metaeclite. o-desmethylmalathion, potassium
salt, vas also produced, but the mechanism
involved vas nonbiological in nature. Malathion
dissipation vas monitored by electron-capture
gas-liquid chromatography, and metabolites vere
identified by thin-layer chromatography and
infrared spectroscopy.
1122
Bicrctial Vs. Chemical Degradation of Nalathion
in Soil
malker, 1.1. ; Stojanovic, B.J.
0. Environ. Qual., 2(2), 229-232; 1973
OFGA»CFHOSPHOATIS; IHSICTICIDES; PR; HIDBOLTSIS;
lEGBltiTIOl; HALATBIOM; SOILS
11J3
Interaction of Three Iowa Soils vith the
Organcchasphorns Insecticide P ho rate and its
Metabolites, and the Effect of These Compounds on
Southern Corn Bootvorm Larvae
Daller, J.B.; lova State Oniv., Ames, lova
Oniv. Microfilms, Ann Arbor, Rich., Order So.
13-9*57, Diss. Abstr. Int. B., 83(10), »8«8; 1972
SOILS; PROBATE; COBN; ROOTiOBN; ORGINCEHOSfROHOS
INSECTICIDES
179
-------
1124-1128
112U
Phorate loss frci lava Soils as Affected by Tile,
Teiperature, and Soil Sterilization
Waller, J.B.; Dahm, P.A.
Proc. North Central Branch Entoicl. Soc. Am.. 28,
171; 1973
INSECTICIDES; PBORATB; SOILS; 1EBPEBATORE;
PERSISTENCE; SOIL STERILIZATION
1125
Decomposition el Phenyl Amides bj Soil
Nicoorganisms
NallDoefer, P.
Mitt Biol. Bundesanst Land- fcrstwirtsch
B«rl-Dahlem, 1146, 169; 1972
SOILS; DECOMPOSITION; HERBICIDES; FUNGICIDES;
PHEHYLANIBZS; HICROORGAVISHS
1126
The Behavior of Pesticides as Environmental
Chemicals in Hatore, as Exemplified tj Some
Phenylamides
wallnoefer, P.; Bayerisehe Landecanstalt fuer
Bodenkultur und Flfanzenbau, Dunich, Germany
Gesunde Fflanz., 2«<11), 160-183; 1972
AC1TLANILIDES; ANILINl; PHENYLAHIDE J;
DECORPOSITION; HCMALIDE; PBOEBA8; BICRCOB6MISRS;
DEGRADATION; BETABOLISH ; BIRBICIIIS; FUNGICIDES;
BODEL EXPERIMENTS: CARBOXIN; CBICRCBBNZOIC ACIE
AKILIDE; TOLTLIC ACID UNHIDE; P1BINIC ACID
AHILIDI; OXIDATION; HTDT1OITLATIOB
The mechanism of the microbial metabolism and
soil degradation of some herbicides and
fungicides was studied in todel «if«rii«nts using
N-phenylcarbaaic acid esters,
N-iethoxyphenylareas, and acylanilidea.
Hetabolisi of carboxin, cblotobaixcic acid
anilide, tolylic acid anilide, and pyranic acid
anilide by BDCOBACEAB and RHIZOPOS species vas
observed. Varieos HDCOBACIAE and HBIZCPBS
spec las vere able to oxidiie thete coapoanda at
the acyl and aniline radicals. lh« side chains
of the acid radicals are preferentially
hydroxylated, while sulfur in caitcxin is
oxidized to sulfoxide and salfone. The anilides
of 2-sethylbenzoic acid and 2-chclcrob«nzoic acid
are bydroiylated on the anil in* aoieties. The
extent of such aetabolic processes nadtr aerobic
conditions ranged froa 10* to 901. Acylanilides,
and possibly also H-phenylcarbaeic acid esters,
vere attacked by BACILLDS SPHABRICOS at the aside
bonds. However, B. SPHAEBICOS ii unable to
farther setabolixe the anilines resulting fros
the aetabolisa of the phenylaaid«i. Anilines can
be further decoafosed by other aicroorgaaisas of
the soil, e.g., ty oxidative diicritaticn to
carbon dioxide and aaionia. The free acids froa
the decomposition of phenylaaides each as
•onalide and prophae are easily inactivated by
soil BicroorganiSBS, while B. SPBAIBICDS is
unable to degrade the acids foritd ftoi
acylanilides. (16 references)
11J7
fersistence and Noveaent of C-6989 in Soils and
Plants
falter, J. P.; Eastin, I.?.; Heckle, M.S.; Texas A
6 e university College Station, Texas
Abstract, Part of Proceedings Twenty-Second
Annual Besting cf Southern Need Science Society.
1968 (p. 121); 1969
FLOOBCDIFEN; LOAM; LEACHING; PERSISTENCE;
BOVBHINT; SOILS; C-6989; PLANTS
After application of fluorodifen (C-6989) at
3-4.5 Ib/acre, chrosatcgraphic analysis showed
that less than 10)1 regained after 5 aonths in a
clay and less than SOX after 3 aonths in a sandy
loai. There was little tendency to leaching.
1128
Effect of Soil Treatments on Losses of Two
Chlotenitrobenzene Fungicides
lang, C. H. ; Broadbent, F.E.; Dep. Soils Plant
Nutr., Univ. California, Davis, Ca
J. Environ. Qual. (JBVQAA). 2 (
-------
1129-1134
1129
Adsorption of Parathion in a Haiti-Component
Solution
Rang. R. C.; lee, 6.P.; Spyrldakis. D.; Illinois
State Rater Survey, Peoria, II
later Sea., 6(10), 1219-1228; 1972
CLAI; LAKES; SBDIHBHTS; HITHTLBHl BLOB; PRZROL;
ADSOBPTIOR; PAB1TRIOI; BHOOA1I1I E
Adsorption of parathion on different clay
•inerala in aqueous suspension vac enhanced by
rhodamine b, bat not methylene blue. Ike amount
of parathion adsorbed increased nith increasing
rhodamine b:clay ratio regardlest of partielt
size, and a 6-fcld increase in parathion
adsorption vas noted at 2.4 *g rhodamine b/g of
clay (0.3-1 aictcieters). phenol had a slight
inhibitory effect on adsorption. In both caaes,
equilibria! *as reached within 1 hcur. In
contrast, lake sediients froi vhich the organic
•atter «as partially removed had increased
parathion adsorption capacity, From 14 to 211 of
the adsorbed parathion could t< removed with
distilled water, indicating a weak parathion-clay
association.
1130
DDT Moratorium in Arizona. Agricultural Residues
After 2 Tears
Rare, 6. R.; Estesen, B.J.; Cahlll, R.P.; D«p.
Entomol., Oniv. Arizona, Tucson, Ariz.
Pas tic. Honit. J.(FERJAA), 5(3). 276-60; 1971
DDT: OBGABOCHLOBISIS; IHSECTICICIS; ALFALFA; FAT;
RESIDUES
The 1969 and 1970 aoratoriue on agricultural use
of DDT in Arizona vas very effective. Besidnes
on green alfalfa declined to a plateau of 0.05
ppe. Residues in beef fat dropped in 1970 tc
one-half the level found in 1969. Soil residues
changed cnly negligibly, suggesting a half-life
greater than 10-12 years. The residues vere
primarily DDE, indicating that any future
porblems during the DDT moratorium will be
attributable to this "universal contaminant"
rather than to the parent DDT.
1131
Decomposition cf Pesticides by sell
Microrganisas. Special Emphasis en the Flooded
Soil Condition
fatanabe, I.; Fac. Agr., Ivate Oniv., Ivate. Japan
jarq (Jap. Agr. Bes. Quart.) (JABJA9) 1913, 1(1),
15-18; 1973
HTDBOLTSIS; HE1IF.H; PESTICIDES; HICBOOiGAKISH;
SOILS; HEBBICICIS; IHSECTICIEF.S; PIRSISTENCS;
DEGRADATION PCF; FLOODISG; fBOSIHIL; tlPBIHYI;
OKGASOCHLOR1BE; ERC; DDT; TDI; HFTBOITCflLOB;
BEPTACHLOB; OBGABOPHOSPHATF.S
The persistence of pesticides in flooded and
upland soil is reviewed. Degradation of PCP vas
primarily achieved by bacteria at
-------
1135-1140
1135
Interaction of Organic Pesticides trith
Paniculate Hatter in Aquatic and Soil Systems
Weber, J.E.; crop Sci. Dap., North Carolina state
Onive. , Raleigh, NC
Fart of Faust, S.D. (Chairiai) .F.atc of Organic
Pesticides in the Aquatic Environment, Syip. civ.
of Pesticide cheiistry, 161st Betting, Aierican
chemical Society, Los Angeles, California, (larch
29-31, 1971, Advances in Chemistry Series III.
Aierican Cheiical Society. Rasbicgton, D.C. (p.
55-120); 1972
HINEBALS; ORGANIC HATTED; CHIBCOJI; IONIZABIIITT;
HOIECULAB SIZE; FUNCTIONAL GBOuPS; SOluBILlTT.;
VAPOE PRESSURE; ION EXCHANGE; DIIHOLE
INTERACTIONS; BEVIES; PESTICIDES; ADSOFPTICH;
SOILS; ABSORPTION; CtAT
1136
Adsorption of s-Triazines ty flontiorillonite a: a
Function of pH and Molecular Structure
Weber, J.B.; N. Carolina State University,
Raleigh, NC
Proc. Soil Sci. Soc. Ai. 3D, D01-4C4; 197a
IELAHINE DERIVATIVES; ADSORPTION;
eONTHORILLONITI; HERBICIDES; AHETETRE; ITRAZIHt;
PRONBTONE; HILANINE; FUNGICIDES; PH; HC1ECOLAR
STRUCTURE
Adsorption by Na montmorillonita cf 11
structurally related herbicides (asetryne,
atrazioe, proietone, etc.), and. cf aealaine and
lelasine derivatives (fungicides) at different pB
levels (pH 1, 2, 3. 6.5) and concentrations vat
investigated. The aiounts adsorbed depended on
the pH of the systei and on the tolecular
structure of the coipound (such as, dialkylaaonc
greater than icncalkylaiino groups), laxiini
adsorption occurring near the PKA cf each
coipound and vith higher basicity of tie
s-trialines used.
1137
Rechanisis of Adsorption of S-Triaxinas by clay
Colloids and Factors Affecting Plant Availatilitj
Weber, J.B.; N. Carolina State OBI*.. Saleigh, 1C
Residua Rev. 32, 93-130; 1970
HTDHOfiEN BONDING; RE?lf«; PI AITS; BEHBICIB1S;
ADSORPTION; PH; CATION EXCHANGE; C1AT;
AVAILABILITY
The herbicides aie readily adcorted by various
clay minerals. Adsorption is dependent on EH,
having a taxlmui in the vicinity of the
ionixation constants of the respective compounds.
Adsorption froi a neutral solution vas
attributed to n-bonding and ether non-ionic
forces. At pn levels vher« the compounds «ece IB
the cationlc fcri the process vac attributed to
cation exchange «nd completing vitb H-ions on the
clay surfaces. Other factors influencing
adsorption are revieved. (106 references)
1138
Activity and Movement cf 13 Soil-Applied
Herbicides as Influenced by Soil Reaction
Beter, J.B.; Best, J.A.; Crop Sci. Dep., North
Carolina State Oniv., Baleigh, N. c.
free., S. Seed Sci. Soc. (SBSPBE) , 25, U03-13; 1972
HEBBICIDES; SOUS; ACIIITi; HOEILITT;
PZBSISTENCI; WEEDS; GRASS; CJCANBA; »C H780;
ERCHACIL; PYRICHOR; FEHOROH; DICHLOBSNIL;
JinOBITOHON; PROHETRINI; CHLOBANBEN; PROPACHLOR;
CDAA; CHLOBPROPHAH; PARAQUAT
Eroadleaf veeds Mere acre prevalent in neutral
zcil (pH 7), than they were on acid soil (pH 5).
Ihe inverse nas true fcr grass. The activities
cf 1- herbicides against broafleaf veeds on
nettral soil vere in the decreasing order:
Sicaira, broaacil, pyriclor, NC i|780, fenuron,
Sichlcbenil, fluoieturon, proietryne, chloraaben,
prcpachlor, CDAi, chlorpropham, and paraquat.
For grass, the activity vas in the decreasing
crder: bromacil, pyriclor, NC 4780, dicaiba,
chloramben, fenuron, propachlor, fluoneturon,
CDAA, prometryne, chlorpropham, dichlobenil, and
paraquat. Only proietryne and paraquat vere soil
ph-dep«ndent, both compounds being more active on
neutral soil than on acid one. The relative
•olilities of tie herbicides vere leasured by
their lovesents over the soil surface into
adjacent control areas. Bromacil, pyriclor and
NC U760 vere very lobile; fenuron, dichlobenil,
ptcpachlor, dicaiba, chloramten, and fluometurcn
•ere cf intermediate lobility; and chlorprophai,
crcietryne, cdaa and paraquat vere iimobile. The
•ost persistent herbicides vere bromacil,
pyriclor, and NC U780.
1139
The Influence of Temperature and Time on the
Adsorption of Paraquat, Diquat, 2,4-D, and
Preietone by Clays, Charcoal, and Anion Exchange
Resin
•eter, J.B.; Perry, U.; Opchnrch, R.P.
Soil Eci. Soc. Amer. Proc., 29, 678; 1965
ADSORPTION; PARAQUAT; IIQOAT; 2,4-D; PROMETONE-
CLAT; CHARCOAL; ANIOI EXCHANGE RESIN
1100
Adiotftion and Desorption of Diquat, Paraquat,
and Iroaetone by Hontiorillonitic and Kaolinitic
Clay Minerals
•eter, J.B.; Reed, s.B.
Soil Sci. Soc. Aier. Proc., 32, 485; 1968
ADSORPTION; DESORPTION; DIQOAT; PARAQUAT;
PFCHITONE; HONTNORILLONITE; KAOLINITIC; CLAT
182
-------
1141-1146
1141
Weber, J.B.; Seed, S.B.; sheets, T.J.; North
Carolina State Dniv.. Raleigh, 1C
Crops Soils Hag., 25/1. (14-17); 1972
VOLATILITY; CATICRIC CONFOtJB tS; ICIBIC COHPCOHDS;
SOUS; HCVEREVT; REACTIONS; IOIIC COMPCOKDS;
BEVIER; PISTICItIS
In order to aid the farmer in coitrolllng pests
without harming the environment, this discussion
explains how the three basic groups of pesticides
move and react chelically in the sell. The basic
groups are: ncn ionic volatile, nonionlc
nonvolatile, and ionic. Th« ionic group is
farther divided into three subsections: cationic
compounds, basic compounds,
-------
1147-1153
Persistence of Bidrin in 2 Fciest Soils
Werner, B. A.
D.S. Forest Serv. B«s. Note S«. 139; 1970
PERSISTENCE; BirEIH; FORESTS; SOUS;
INSECTICIDES; BISIDCES; HOBIIITY; CUT
1148
Interaction of Pesticides with Natural Organic
Material
wershaw, B.L.; Eurcar, P.J.; Goldberg, B.C.
Envir. Sci. Tech. 3, 271-273; 1969
PESTICIDES: SODIDH; DDT; BATIB; 2,0,5-T;
SOLUBILITY; HIIHIC ACID; SOIL-WATIR INTERACTIONS;
SOBPTION
Sodiui humate strongly solubilized DDT in water
and humic acid strongly sorbed 2,0,5*1. These
interactions are assumed to represent th« tytes
cf interaction occurring when an; organic
pesticide is applied to a soil-water system.
1149
Soie Factors Influencing the Persistence of
Chlorfenvinphos in Soil
•heatley. G.A.; Suett, D.L.; flardman, J.A.; Rat.
Vegetable Res. Sta. , Hellesbcurne, Rarwick,
England
Part of Fate- of Pesticides in Environment, Gordon
and Breach, London, (p. 77-8!); 1912
LOAM; BIHLUND GBAHOLIS; CnlOmMImPHOS; CIBB01S;
RADISHES; PEBSISTENCI; RISIDCIS; 1.1 ACHING; III
SOILS; CHOPS; FLINTS; SOILS; IlSIClICIDBS
in area of sandy loai soil was rctary-cultivated,
and the insecticide, Birland Granules, containing
9.2* chlorfenvinphos, was spread to give 1.85 kg
a.i. ha-1. The insecticide was worked into the
soil to depths of 0-1 ci or 0-10 cm. Carrots and
radishes were sown. Interval soil aamclaa were
taken until after the harvesting of the crop.
Factors affecting the persistence of
chlorfenvinphoc were studied. Saiples stored for
seven days at room temperature averaged a 281
loss of chlorfenvinphos residue. Bexane extracti
of treated soil similarly stored suffered no
change in chlorfenvinphos concentrations.
Results indicate that leaching would not move any
significant amount of the insecticide telow the
maximum depth of cultivation within a feason.
There was no measurable effect of depth of
incorporation of chlorfenvinfho* on itt
subsequent rate of decay, chlorfenvinphos is
relatively persistent in the highly organic fen
•oils, and care is needed to avoid accumulation
of residues under abnormally dry conditions in
mineral or fen soils or if crops like carrot* art
treated too frequently on the sax land. This
insecticide persists in the soil without change
while soil t««f«rature« are below 6-8 degrees
degrees c and must be considered when applying
the insecticide the following season. The
absence of any marked deceleration or
acceleration of loss rate in the) antuin or
spring, respectively, associated with the winter
stability, suggests that the prinry breakdown of
chlorfenvinphos in this soil was biologically
dependent. (20 references)
11EO
Persistence and Microbiological Effects of Acarol
and Ctlorobenzilate in Two Florida Soils
Rhceler, V.B.; Bothwell, D.F.; Hubbell, D.H. ;
Eef. Soil Sci., Oniv. Florida, Gainesville, Fla.
J. Environ. Qual. (JEVQAA) , 2(1), 115-18; 1973
PEKSISTBBCI; ACABO1; NITBIFICATION; 3011,3;
CHIOSCEEHZILATE; (IITICIDI; SAMD; AWALTSIS; FDNGI;
SACTIBIA; ACTIN01TCETES
The influence of the siticides acarol (benzilic
acid, 0,0'-dibroio-isopropyl ester) and
chlorctenzilate (benzilic acid,
O.O'-dichloro-ehtyl ester) on nitrification
capacity and relative •icrofcial nuibers in
lakeland and leon fine sands was determined.
Since chlorobenzilate is now used coasercially
and a porposal is pending for the registration
and sale of acarol, it is important to assess the
effects of these materials on soil microbial
populations. The •iticides vere applied to both
soils at rates of 0, 0.25, 0.50, and 1.0 ppa
incubated in the labcratory for 16 weeks, and
sampled for analysis at periodic intervals.
Neither chemical influenced the nitrification
capacity of either soil or the numbers of fungi,
bacteria, and actinomycetes. Acarol was more
persistent than chlororenzilate; both chemicals
remained at higher levels fcr longer periods of
tile in leon soil .than in lakeland soil. The
miticides had finite rates of disappearance from
both soils.
Pesticides in the Environment
Ihitc-Stevens. B.
Harc«l Dekker, Inc., Hew Tork, 1(2), 62S; 1911
PESTICIDES
1152
Pesticides in the Environment
whitf-Stevens, B.
Barcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1(1), 104; 1971
PESTICIDES; FOHGICIDES; HEBBICIDES
1153
The Influence of Hoisture, Temperature and Soil
Prcperties on the Disappearance of Lindane and
titldrin from Soil
white, A.w.
Eiisertation Abstr. Intern., 30(12, Pt. 1),
•3J7E-8B; 1970
HOISTOIE; TIHPBBATORB; LIIDIRI; DIELDBII; SOILS
184
-------
1154-1160
115U
Thermal and Basecatalyzed Hydrolysis Products of
the Systeiic Fungicide Benoayl
White, E.B.; Bos«, E.A.; Ogawa, J.R. ; Haoji,
B.T.; Kilgore, «..».; Dept. of Environ. Toxicol.,
Oniv. of California, Davis, CA 95616
J. Agr. Pood Chea.. 21(l») , 616-618; 1913
FUNGICIDES; DEGRADATION; HYDROLYSIS; BEHOMY1;
FATE: HYDROLYSIS EBODOCTS
The chemical fate of benotyl fungicide in
practical use situations was investigated and is
described. Conversion products were isolated,
purified, and subsequently subjected tc a nulbec
cf specttoscopic techniques appropriate for
structural characterization. Synthesis routes
for obtaining ether»ise unavailable reference
standards of hydrolysis products are described
and a degradative pathway of benoiyl to these
conversion products is proposed. (7 references)
1156
Pesticide Retention by Clay Minerals
Shite, j.i.; Hortland. H.H.
Part of Eesticides in the Soil: Ecology,
tegradation, and Movement, Hich. State Oniv.. E.
Lansing, Mich., p. 95-100; 197C
PESTICIDES; RETENTION; CLAY MINERALS;
EEG8HCATI01; MOVEHF.NT; CLAY
1157
Persistent Insecticides Protectors of Health and
Eniircnmental Pollutants
SHC; lorld Health Crganization
S.H.C. (World Health Organ.) Chron, 25(5),
206-208; 1971
DDT; IERSISTENCE; INSECTICIDES
1155
Role of Soil Colloids in the Behavior and late of
Pesticides in soils
White, J.I. ; Cruz, H.; Dep. Agron. , Purdue
Lafayette, In
pestic. Che*., proc. Int. Congr. testic. Chem..
2nd<2<*BAAY) 1972, 6, 23-U5; 1972
PESTICIDES; ADSOBPTIOM; SOU COI1CIDS;
CHEMlSOFfTION; tEGPADATION; SOILS; OBGAHIC
BATTER; AIDMHIOSIIICATE; DITCIIP1CATIO*;
DESOBPTIOH; T01ATIL1ZATIOK; CBIORCTSI1ZIMES;
ANITBOIE; HYDPOXTTBIAZI1IE; HOSTBCBILIOIIITE;
VEBBICOLITE; BETHOIITBI iZIHE; IHCB1TOHI;
HETHYLTHIOTRIAZIHE; PROHET8YHE; IBOPAZ1HE;
PEOTONATION; HTDBOIITSHZINE ; EXIStCTICH;
MECHANISM; BATIE; PR; CLAY; UTE
Pesticide-soil interaction is greatly influenced
by the colloidal properties cf sell particle*.
Various spectroscopic studies of surface reaction
mechanists between organic molecules and
alusinosilicat c ainerals suggest aechaoisac
involved in adsorption, degradation, and
detoxification of pesticides by sell cciponentt.
Infrared studies suggest that pesticide aolecules
and nater molecules competing for adsorption
sites lay explain losses by desorption and
volatilization. In the acid environment of clay
surfaces certain pesticides cuch as the
chlorotriazines are subject to reactions that the
organic cations of aiitrole are not. Toe
chlorotriazine are hydrolyzed to tcoduce th«
protonated hydroxytriazine. In ceils rich in
•ontiorillonite ex vermiculite this protonated
hydroxytriazine is strongly held and the aacont
of s-triazine and its aegraflatioo projoct in th«
soil «ater will be reduced. The lethoxytriaiine
(proMtone) and lethylthiotriaiine (prcietryne)
are more readily protonated upon adsorttion en
•ontcorillonite than the chlorotriatint
(propazine) . Failure to acknowledge this
protonated hydroxytriazine state takes ixtraction
procedures to reiove triazines and their
degradation predicts froi th« soil very
difficult. (37 references)
1158
Rational Soils Monitoring Prograi, 6 States, 1967
iiersaa, G.B.; Sand, P.P.; Schutzaann, R.L.
lestic. Bonit. J., 5(2), 1971, 223-227
; CHLOBDASI; OCT. 000; DOE; PESTICIDES;
DISTGIBOTICM; CBOPIAMD
11S9
Pesticide Residues in Soil fro* S Cities 1969
iiersia, G.B.; Tai, B. ; Sand. P. F. ; Pesticides
Regulation Division, EEA. Hashington, DC 20«6Q
testic. Bo nit. J., 6(2), 126-129
CDV, DIELDBI1; CHICHDAHZ; HZPTaCHLOB; EUDSIK;
TC1AI8BBE; PISTICItES; BESIDDIS; SOUS;
BITABCLITZS; DDTK; HEPIACHIOB EPOXIDE
soil saaples froi eight cities vere analyzed for
pesticide residues. Besides DDT and its
•etabclites (DDTB) , other pesticides detected
were die Id tin, chlcrdane, heptachlor, heptachlor
epoxide, toxaphene, and endrin. No
crgaoophosphate residues were detected. Levels of
DDIB varied significantly aicng the eight cities,
with the highest average residue level in Hiaai,
Fla. (5.98 ppi) and the lowest in Houston, Tex.
<0.3S ppa) . then residue levels in lawn or garden
areas were compared to those in nnkept areas
within the cities, DDTB residues were
significantly greater for lawn areas.
11CO
Pesticide Residue Levels in Soils, Fiscal Tear
1969. National Soils Kcnitaring Program
Viersaa. G.B.; Tai, H.; Sand, P.F.; off. p«tic.
Programs. Environ. Prot. Agency. Washington, D. C.
Pestic. Bonit. J. (PKHJAA) , 6(3), 19B-228; 1972
INSECTICIDES; SOILS; BEBBICICES; PESTICIDES;
BISlCQtS; BO PITCHING
185
-------
1161-1167
1161
Degradation and Synthesis of Chloroneb by Soil
Microorganisms
Viese, M.V.; Vargas, 3. H.
Phytopathology, 62(10), 1112; 1912
DEGRADATION; CBLOBONZE; MICROORGANISMS;
FUNGICIDES; SOUS
lies
veriiculite and Activated carbon Adsorbents
Protect Direct Seeded Toiatoes-D fro* Partially
S«lecti*« Herbicides
lilliai. B.D.; Boianovski, J.B.
J. Ai. Soc. Hortic. Sci., 97(2), 245-249; 1972
HIIRAIIB; REEDS; SOIL GHOSTING; VERHICDLITE;
ADSORPTION; TOMATOES; BEBBICIDJS; SEEDS
1162
Inter conversion of Chloroneb and
2,5-Dichloro-4-Hethoxy Phenol by Soil
Ricroorganisis
Wiese, H.». ; Vargas, J. H.
Vest Biochei. Physiol., 3(2). 214-222; 1973
FUNGICIDES; STABILITY; HETHYIATB; DEGRADATION
SOILS; CHLORONEE; PHENOL; HICROOfGASISBS;
2,5-DICHLOBO-U-HITHOXY PH1HOC
1163
Interconversion of Chloroneb and
2,5-Dlchloro-4-Hethyoxyphenol by Soil
Microorganisms
Wiese, H.V.; Vargas, J. H.; Dep. Eot. Plant
Pat hoi., Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, Hi
Pestic. Eiochei, Physiol. (PC8PBS), 3(2), 214-22;
1973
CHLORONEB; DEGRAtATION; SYNTHESIS; SOILS;
NICBCBES; CHLOBOMETHOXTPHEHOL; IITEBCOMVEBSION;
FUNGI; IN VITRO; METHJLATION; DESKTRESIS;
METABOLISM
Of 23 soil microorganisms tested, 13, and
especially FUSABIUH SOL All I, demethylated up to
SOX of the available fungicide Chloroneb (0.5
micrograms/ml) to its principle degradation
product 2,5-dichloro-4-methoxyph«nel, whereas 8,
especially TBICHCDEBHA VIRIDI and flOCOE
RAMANNIANOS, converted up to 20* cf the available
2,5-dichloro-tt-methcxyphenol (0.5 licrcgrami/ml)
to chlorcneb in vitro. CEPHAICSPCRIOH GAHI1ZOM,
BHIZOCTONIA SOLAN!, H. BANAMRIANOS, and P. SOLANI
fungi could both lethylate and demethylate
2.5-dichloro-4-methoxyphenol to (reduce chlcroneb
and 2,5-dichloichydroguinone, respect!vely. Eoth
degradation and resynthesia ef Chloroneb
coincided with periods of active microtial growth
and letabolisi. Thus, the interccnversion of
Chloroneb and 2,5-dichloro-U-methoxyphcnol by
soil microorganisms lay be biochciieally
•ediated, and contribute to the relative
stability and long ttri effectiveness cf
Chloroneb in the soil.
1161
Toxic Besidues in Soil 9 Tears After Treatment
vith Aldrin and Heptachlor
Wilkinson, A.T.S.
Science, 143, 681*682; 196U
BESIDUES; TREATMZNT; ALDBIN; REPIACHLOB; SOILS;
PEBSISTENCE
1166
reteriinatioi of Besidues of Tensulfothion and
Iti Solfone in Muck Soil
lilliais, I.R.; Brown, M.J.; linlayaon, D.G.;
Canada Department of Agriculture, Vancouver 8,
Canada
•J. of Agric. E food Chem., 20(6), 1219-1221; 1972
FIBSOITOTHIOI; SDLFONE; BOCK; SOILS; SOIL
BCISTDBE; ZXTBACTICN; EESIDDIS
In the method described fensulfothion and its
sulfcnc were extracted froi luck soils using an 8
h Soxhlet extraction with a 9:1
chloroform-ethanol mixture. Cleanup and
fractionation was on an alumina-silica gel column
and determination was fcy gas chroiatography with
flamcphotometric detection. Optimum recoveries
nere obtained at 20-601 soil moisture content.
Recoveries from soils fortified at 0.1, 1.0 and
10 ppi were 601 or greater.
1167
Eerhicides-Their Fate and persistence in Soils
tiUiams, J.H.
Gt. Brit. Nat. Agr. Adv. Ser. Quart. Eev., 87,
119-31; 1970
EBfAKECaN; PERSISTENCE; SOILS; HERBICIDES;
ACSOBETION; VOLATILIZATION; WEEDKILLERS; UPTAKE;
PLANTS; 2,4-D; HCPA; SIMAZINE; DIUBON; LINURON;
CHIOFCjaRON: AHITBCLE; DiLAEON; DICHLOBENIL;
CHLOH1HIAMID; PABAQUAT; BEVIER; LEACHING
Some of the presently known facts about the
breakdown and persistence of herbicidal chemicals
in sells are reviewed. The persistence of growth
regulators and soil-acting herbicides has been
studied by various investigators. The results of
some cf these studies are summarized in this
paper. Herbicides in the soil may breakdown
under the influence cf microbial action,
ultraviolet radiation cr chemical hydrolysis.
The factors affecting breakdown and persistence
include adsorption of the herbicide in the soil,
vclatiiation of the weedkiller from the soil
surface as well as compound solubility and
leachability and uptake of the herbicide by
plants. These factors, as well as the
persistence of growth regulating herbicides
including 2,4-D and HCFA, soil-acting herbicides
such as simazine, diurcn, linuron, chloroxuron,
amitrcle, dalapon, dichlobenil, chlorthiaiid and
a fcliar-applied herbicide, paraquat, are
discussed. (42 references)
186
-------
1168-1175
1168
Agricultural Chemicals in Surface Runoff, Ground
water, and Soil. I. Endrin
Willis, G.H.; Hamilton, R.I.; Agrlc. Bes. Set?.,
Baton Rouge, La.
J. Environ. Qual.(JEVQAA) , 2(<4), 463-6; 1973
SOILS; HATER: B»t)HIN; INSECTICIDES; SOGARCANI;
BOHOFF
Endrin (0.337 KG/HA) ma surface-applied to
sugarcane (SACCHAHUH 07FICINAHOH). Runoff, ground
space water and soil were analyzed toe andrin
over 2 years. Only less than 0.I* endiin vere
lost annually in runoff, and little tnirin
accumulated in sell. Trace aiounts of endrin
moved through scil. In the ground water endrin
was less than 1 ppb. Less endric »as present in
the runoff, ground water and soil when tise
between application and rainfall vas 72 hoots as
compared tc 24 hears.
1169
Pesticides in Air Volatilization of soil Applied
DDT and tCD froi Flooded and Hen(leaded Plctz
Hillis, G.H.; Parr, J.F.; Siith, S.
Pestic. Honit. J., 4(4). 204-208; 1971
PESTICIDES; AIR; DDT; ODD; CURATE;
VOLATILIZATION: FLOODING
1170
Volatilization of Dieldrin fros Tallow Soil as
Affected by Different Soil Rater Regimes
lillis, G.H.; Parr, J.F. ; Smith, S.; Carroll,
B.E.; Soil And Rater Conserv. Res. Dir., Agric.
Bes. SerT., Baton Rouge, La.
J. Environ. Qual. (JEVQAA), 1(2), 193-6; 1972
CIELDBIN; VOLATILIZATION; SOUS; NCISTOHE;
IHSECTICIDES
rive months after application of 10 ppi dieldrin
to soil, 2,18, and 7* was volatilized from
flooded, moist (SPRINKLED), and ncnflocded (DO
HATER APPLIED CTHEB THAN NATDIAL RAINFALL) plots,
respectively. Temperature had the greatest
effect on dieldrin volatilization cf tfce climatic
variables measured. There was nc apparent
dieldrin degradation in any cf tie plots.
1172
fate ct Pesticides in the Environment - *
Frcgrcss Report
Hilson, B.R.
Trans. «.Y. Acad. Scl., 28(6), 694-705: 1966
FATE; PESTICIDES
1173
Eersistence and Movement of Alpha- and
Gamma-chlordane in Soils Following Treatment with
High-Purity chlordane (Velsiccl BCS-3260)
Wilson, D. B. ; Cloffs, P. c.
Canadian J. of Soil Science, 53(4), 956-472;
1973, lovember
UACflllG; RAINFALL; HALF-LIFE; RESIDUES; SOIL
flOISTQRE; VELSICOL HCS-3260; PESTICIDES;
PEBSISTENCI; MOVEMENT; SOILS; CHLOHDANE
Residues from high-purity chlordane (Velsicol
HCS-3260) were determined in British Columbia
coils for 16 months following applications in
June 1971 at two rates of 5.6 and 11.2
-------
1176-1181
1176
Global Aspects of Pesticide Residue Problems
vinteringham, F. F.; rood Agric. Organ. United
Nations, laea, Vienna, Austria
Isr. J. Entomol. (IJENB9) , 6(2), 171-81; 1971
REVIEW; ENVIRONMENTAL; PESTICIDES; RBSJDOES
1177
Persistence of Parathion in Soil
Wolfe, H.H.; Staiff, I.e.; Armstrong, J.F.;
Comer, S.w. ; Per tine Private lab.. Environ. Prot.
Agency, Nenatchee, Ha
Bull. Environ. Cental. Toiicol. ((BECTA6), 10(1),
1-9; 1973
PARATHION; PERSISTENCE; SOILS; HICBCFlCBi;
INSECTICIDES; BACTERIA; MAMMALS; SPILLAGE;
RESISTANCE
Parathion persisted in the soil at relatively
high levels for 5 years following gross topical
contamination Kith a U5.6X eiolsifiable
concentrate fonulation. Soil level decreased
fro* an initial level of 30,000-55,000 ppm
parathion to 13,800 pp» parathion in the top 1
inch of soil over the 5 year piricd. it the end
of 6 years very little parathion Has found below
the 9 inch level. The nuaber of cclonies of soil
bacteria fro» parathion-trtated coil was lower
than froi untreated soil, and no resistance to
parathion was observed over a 2 year period.
Parathion can persist in the soil up te 16 year*,
and soil contamination by spillage must be given
attention in view of its high toiicity to mammalc.
1178
Metabolism of Fungicides and Hematocides in Soils
Woodcock, D. ; Res. Stn. , Oniv. Bristol, Long
Ashton/Bristol, Ingland
Soil Biochem.(17ESAB), 2, 337-60; 1971
REVIEW; SOILS; PESTICIDES; DIG8ACATIOH;
•EHATOCICIS; PDNCICIDBS
1119
Total Toxic Aldicarb Residues in Soil,
Cottcnseed, and cotton Lint Following a Soil
Trtatment with the Insecticide on the Texas High
Plains
Rocdhal, D.8.; Edwards, R.S.; Beeves, S.G.;
Schutiaan, R.L.; O.S. Eepartment of Agriculture
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Plant
Prctection Program, Brownsville, TX 78520
J. Agr. Food Chea. , 21(2), 3C3-307; 1973
ANALYSIS; PESTICIDES; SOILS; ADSOPPTIONj
AltlCABB; RESIEOIS; COTTONSEED; COTTOM 1IHT;
FEFSISTENCI; SOLPHON!; IRRIGATION
Aldicarb 10G at 15 Ib/acre (1.5 Ib of active
ingredient) was applied at the side of rovs of
seedlings on sandy loam soil. In non-irrigated
fields, aldicart residues (SB the sul phone) in
the rcw soil averaged 1.65 ppm three days after
application and 0.2U ppm after a month, and
completely disappeared in four months. In
irrigated fields, the residues in row soil
averaged 0.7 ppm 13 days after application and
disappeared completely in 12 days. No
significant residues occurred in soil between
treated rows or in adjacent untreated fields.
1160
Persistence and Reactions of (1»C)-Cacodylic Acid
in Scils
ioolson, E.A.; Kearney, P.C.; Agric. Res. Cent.,
Agric. Res. Serv., Beltsville, ltd.
Intiico. Sci. lechnol. (ESTHAG) 1973, 7(1) 47-50-
1913
CACODILIC ACID; SOILS; HERBICICES; DEGRADATION
then 1-100 ppm 1tc-label«d cacodylic acid was
incorporated into 3 coils, the concentration of
eacodylie acid was the highest in the
water-aolntle fraction, followed in decreasing
crder by the Al, Fe, and Ca fractions. Inorganic
arcenate accumulated mcstly in the Fe and Al
fractions. Cacodylic acid persistence was a
function of soil type. Cacodylic acid was
decoiposed into a volatile alkylarsine, under
both anaerobic and aerobic conditions.
regradmtion under aerobic conditions also
occurred by cleavage of the C-As bond, presumably
yielding C02 and A«0«3.
1181
Hicrotial Degradation cf « Carbory-1-Methyl
Eyridininm Chloride a Fhotolytic Product of
Paraquat
Vright, K.A.; Cain, R.B.
Bicchtm. J., 118(3), 52-53; 1970
DEGRICITIOI; PHOT01TSIS; PABAQOAT; PESTICIDES;
188
-------
1182-1186
1182
Degradation of Herbicides by Soil Hicro-Organisas
fright. S.J.L.i school Biol. sci.. Bath,
Soa«ra«t, England
Soe. Ippl. Bacteriol. Syap. Sec. 1, 233-254; 1971
BIODlGRiDlTION; EHZTSE; PHESQITHKiSQUTBS;
AHILIHB; HICBOOBGANISBS; OIIEAT10N;
PHEHYLCIHBUUTES; PHBMHIRB1; HTCKLITIC
DECBLORINATION; METABOLISH; CHLORINATED ALIPHATIC
ACIDS; BENZOiTES; TRIIZUE; IARACOAT; CIQDIT
Tor a pesticide to be subject to biodegradation,
organisms effective in metabolizing the compound
must exist in the soil or b« capable of
developing there, be in a degradable fore, reach
the organisms, and induce the formation of
enzyies necessary for degradation, conditions in
the environment Bust favor the proliferation of
the organists and operations of the enzyaes.
Evidence of microbial degradation has been
obtained for most of the herbicides.
phenoxyalkanoates can be degraded by
beta-oxidation cf compounds Kith long fatty acid
soieties, cleavage of the ether link between the
side chain and the aromatic ring, and ring
hydroxvlation prior to attack on the side chain.
The formation cf nonphytotoxic anilines fros
pheoylcarbaaates is apparently a process widely
distributed asoog soil sicrobca. Detoxicaticn of
phenylarea compounds also takes place in soil,
and anilines are foraed in the prccess.
Bydrolytic dechlorination is the first step in
the aetaboliss of chlorinated aliphatic acids.
Substituted benzoates and triazine coafounds are
quite resistant to attack. Several organisms
have been isolated which, degrade paraquat and
dignat, but these cheaicals are strongly adsorbed
by some soil particles and are thus unavailable
to biological systems, duch of the wotk on
degradation of herbicides has been done with
isolated organisis and pure chemicals. This
needs to be extended with conditions mere closely
resembling those found in thf field.
1183
Microbiological Aspects of the Breakdown of
Herbicides in the Environment
Bright, S.J.L.; School Biol. Sci., Oniv. Bath,
Bath, Somerset, England
j. »fpl. Chem. Biotechnol., 22(7), 880-681; 1972
PERSISTENCE; HERBICIDES; PHENTLCJRBAIU1BS;
PHEHOITilMSOiTZS; T5IAZINE; EISZCJTtS;
DEGRADATION; PBENY.LANUIDES; CHLCROAHXIINES;
CHLOROIZOBENZBNES; BREAKDOHH; SOUS;
MICROORGANISMS; USAGE
The persistence of herbicides varies and ranges
from several weeks for phenylcarfcamates and
phenoxyalkanoates to many months for triazines
and substituted benzoates. * dearth of
information concerning the complex field
situation is apparent although degradation of
herbicides by isolated organisms has been studied
extensively. Phenylcarbamates aid phetylanilides
are generally inactivated by the formation of
aniline compounds, but the persistence and
toxicity cf some chloroanilines and
chloroazobenzenes suggests that these residues
should be carefully monitored in soil. Practical
uses, such as antidotal application of microtial
preparations on spillage of herbicides, have
resulted from investigation cf the breakdown of
these chemicals in the soil.
Betabclism of the Berbicide Earban by a Soil
Penicillin*.
fright, S.J.I,.; Forey, A.
Soil Eiol. Biochem., «(2), 207-213; 1972
3 CBLOB01NILINB; AHIDAS1; HEHBICID1S; SOUS;
IE1AECIISH; BABBAN
1165
Characteristics of Hineral Diluents Affecting the
Decomposition of Snmithion in Dust Formulations
Sub, K.D.; Han, S.S.; Keum, S. s.; Ihn, S.H.; Lee,
C.H.; Inst. Plant Environ., Off. Rural Dev.,
Suwon, S. Korea
Ran'Gok Sikmnl Poho Bakhoe Chi (HSHCA8), 10(2),
77-83; 1971
SOBITHION; DECOMPOSITION; DILUTION; INSECTICIDES;
EIMTONITB; OIATOHACEOOS EARTH; KAOLIN; TALC
Enring a study of the effects of mineral diluents
on the decomposition of sumithion in dust
formulations. Snmithicn decomposition was higher
in the order bentonite greater than diatoaaceons
eaitb greater than kaolin greater than talc.
Suaithion decomposition products were identified
as dimethylphosphorothionate,
3-methyl-
-------
1187-1192
1187
Naptalam Estimation in Cranberry-E Bog Soil
Taklich. H.B.; Demoranville, I.E.; Devlin. B.H.
Proc. Northeast Reed Sci. Soc., 56, 293-296; 1972
HERBICIDES; PERSISTENCE; BBEAKDOIH; SOILS;
NAPTALAM; BOG; CBANBEBBY BOG
1168
Persistence of Organochlorine Pesticides in Soil
and Crops 1. Absorption and Tranclceation of
Aldrin and Dieldiin in strawberries
Yaaaberi, B.; Yano, H.; Shinmyo, N.; Kagava
Agric. Exp. Stn., Takamatsu, Japan
Kagava-Ken Nogyoshikenjo Kenkyu Hokohi (KNKRA2),
(22) , 36-i*2; 1972
ADBIN; DIILDBIN; RESIDUES; STBAWEEBRIE£;
INSECTICIDES; PERSISTENCE; SOUS; CROPS; BATE;
BERRIES; OBGANOCELOBINE PESTICIDES
Aldrin and dieldiin residues were determined in
strawberries 75 and 110 days fcllowing a soil
application of aldrin (0.3-100 PF»)> Berry
residues were lees than 0.001 ppm aldrin and less
than 0.003 ppm dieldrin after 110 days in an area
in which aldrin had been used over a 3 year
period. Aldrin to dieldrin conversion rates are
jiven.
1189
Adsorption of Ametryne and Atrazine on an Oiiscl
Montmorillonite and Charcoal in Eelaticn to pR
and solubility Effects
Yamane, V.K.; Green, B.E.; Hawaii University,
Honolulu, Hawaii
Soil Sci. Soc. Ai. Proc., 36(1), 56-6«; 1972
HERBICIDES; SOUS; ADSORPTION; IHITRYIII;
ATRAZINE; NORTNOBILLONITE; CHARCCAI; PB;
SOLUBILITY; PBOTOVATION; OXISOL
imetryne vai adicrbed to a gr«at«r extent than
atrazine on soil and montacrillonit* at Ion and
high pH. Aaetryne shoved a greater increase in
adsorption vith decrease in pH (FM apEcoziiatcly
equal to «. 0) than atrazine (PKA • 1.68).
Addition of charcoal iask«d the pB effect of
aaetryne adsorftion. Adsorption cf asetryne on
charcoal decreased at the low ph valuei condocive
to asetryne protcnation. There *as higher
adsorption of both aeetryae end etzasine at 25
than 10 degrees C. 1 vetting agent in ccsiercial
aietryne bad no effect on adsorption.
1190
Interaction of Eipyridyliui Herbicides and Soil
flicrc-Organises
Jang, J.S.; funderturk, H.H.; Curl, E.A.; Auburn
Dniv., Ala.
Abstr. Meet. Seed Sci. Soc. Ai., 38; 1968
IIPTB1EYLIOH HEBBICIDES; DIQOAT; P&BAQOAT;
BEBBICIDES; BICBCOFGANISHS; TIASTS; SOILS;
EEGBAEATION; ENZTHE
Several species cf soil sicrc-organisns were
tcletant to 5000 ppi fliquat and some species
degraded it. Diquat and paraquat vere degraded
enzy»atically by the soil yeast UPOMYCES
STAHKMI.
1191
Influenca cf Water and Temperature on Adsorption
cf Parathion by Soils
Jaron, B.; Saltzsan, S.; Volcani Center, Bet
Dagan, Israel
Soil Sci. Soc. As. Proc., 36 (i»), 538-586; 1972
INSECTICIDES; CABBON 1
-------
1193-1197
1193
Degradation of Gamma BRC in Bice sells
Tosh Ida. T.; Castro, I.T.; int. lice Res. Intt.,
Los Banos, Laguna, Philippines
FCOC. Soil Sci. SOC. Al., 3D, 440-442
DEGBiDATIOM; SOILS; HIXACHLOSOBEHZMB; 1IHD»RB;
IHC; IIISECTICIDES; OFGiHIC 81TIZI; DHCCHPOSITIOR;
TBHPBHATOFB; F100DIRG; PICE
Degradation of the insecticide it different rice
soils (pR 4.7-7.6, organic latter 1.5-4.4%) was
rapid under flooded conditions, and its rate of
decomposition was directly r«latcd to
organic-latter level. Bate of gaisa-BBC
degradation vas increased by increasing
teiperatnre, and retarded by HO2 as veil as by
•O3 and Nn02.
1194
Diagnosis of Environment Seen frci
Soil-Pollution. The Present State of Soil
Pollution by Heavy Metals and Pesticides
Yoskiike, A.; Section of Soil and Pesticides fcr
Agriculture, the Environment Agency of the
Japanese Government, Tokyo, Japan
Kankyo Sozo (Environ. Creation), 4(1), 84-89; 1974
CHGilOCHlOBIRE INSECTICIDES: SOUS; AGBICOLTDBt;
HETAIS; TB1CI ILIKIHTS; BEKZIRt BIXACHLORIDE;
CHOPS; PESTICIDES; POTATOES; COC 0(1 BEES; ALDRIR;
EXEBIR; BIGOLATIOK-. BBC; DDT
The present state of soil pollution in Japan is
outlined. Soil foliation by pesticides used for
agricultural uses is attributed to persistent,
net-easily deccmtosed organochlorine
insecticides. Ihese pollute the field soil, .are
absorbed by the crops and in turn pollute the
agricultural produce. Instances of
crop-pollution through polluted soil are pctatces
and cucuibers (reduced in eight prefectures and
containing aldrin, dieldrin, and/or endrin sore
than the standard value in 1970. Coontermeajures
for soil polloticn by pesticides include the
regulation of pesticides vith severe restrictions
on the use of aldrin and dieldrin and prohibition
of the use of BRC and DDT. Pesticides applying
for registration will be held back if they are
persistent and pollute the sell. Fields polluted
by persistent pesticides are not recomiended for
planting of vegetable crops such as cucoiber and
Japanese radish, bat can be used fcr glowing
oxnaiental plants.
1195
Effects on Groundwater
Toong, 8.H.P.
J. Rater Pollut. Contr. Fed., 44(6), 1208-1211;
1912
GRCUREV.ATER; PESTICIDES; SBEEP DIP; LARD;
STfEARS; LAKES; A1GAL ELOOMS; HATER; BBSIDDBS;
LIKB1RG; BEBBICIDES; FERTILIZERS; SOIL; GROORD
SA1ERS
Contamination of groundwater by pesticides has
teen reported several times. Sheep dip,
discharged on land, was transported through a
storage aquifer into a feeder stream of a lake.
The subsequent depression of DAPHNIA, BOSHIRIA,
and CBIRORCNIDS resulting in algal blooms made
the lake temporarily unsuitable as a water
source. Backfill of a well with groundwater from
a site previously used for flushing DDT and
toiaphene sprayers resulted in a gradual increase
in residues of these insecticides in the well
vater. Irrigation application rates and
frequency and soil properties affected the
leaching of herbicides and fertilizers into
grcundwater in Hawaii, novement of other
contaiinats in soil has also been reported. (26
tefecences)
1196
EDI Besidues in Forest Soils.
Tnle, S.N. ; Chem. Control Res. Inst., Can. For.
Seiv., Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
Bull. Bnvl. Contam. Toxicol. , 5, 139-11*4; 1970
EDI; tlSTRIBOTIOR; FOREST SOILS; LITTER; SOILS;
PSSSTSTBRCI; RESIDUES
A preliminary report on forms, amounts and
distribution of DDT in the forest soils of New
Brunswick, and results of toxicoloqical tests
with these soils. Although CDT persisted in
study tlots mainly in the form of the most toxic
iscmer (pp DDT) in considerable quantities (11
oz/acre), and mostly in the litter layer, the
direct toxic effects of these residues were
greatly attenuated by the soil itself.
Consegnently, their direct ecological
significance is very much less than chemical
analysis alone might indicate.
11S7
Intensive studies of DET Residues in Forest Soil
Tule, l.R.; Dep. Envircn., Can. For. Serv.,
Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
lull. Inviron. Contam. Toxicol. (BECTX6), 9(1)
57-64; 1973
til; BlSIDOES; FOREST SOILS; SOILS
Summary of intensive studies on the vertical and
horizontal distributions of DDT in the forest
soil environment at Priceville, and traces
qualitative and quantitative changes that have
occurred in soil residue status between 1967 and
1971.
191
-------
1198-1203
1198
Contamination of Drinking Water Sources with
Solid Refuse
Zaafir, G.; Neatase, V.
Gig. Sanit., 36(12), 80-81; 1911
PESTICIDES; FLOOIPLAIN; WATEB; DIBOTOX: DIHOSBB;
CRGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDES; DZTCX; DOILITCI;
HEKLOTOX; ALDRIH; EKATOX; ORGAROCHLORIIE
PESTICIDES; CBZEK; CHINICAL I11H1; PISH DBA1BS;
HEflBW; FISH; GBCDHDiATia; Will tATEB; SROOIt
RATED
Cases of veil, ground and ci«er nater
contamination by pesticides end ether ebeaicals
in Ruaania are revieved. nearly 100 veils in a
floodplan vere poisoned over tvo years by
contaminated »«t«r discharged aft«r Baching
dibntox (dinoseb) pesticide containers.
Concentrations of 0.1 to 2.0 ig/1 vere aeaanred.
The coaaunal vatcr supply of a city vas poiscned
by large aaounts of organochlorine and
organophosphorue pesticides |d«tcx, daflitoi,
betclctox, aldrin, and eXatox) due to a violatici
of the rules of residue discharge.
Organochlorine pesticide concentrations in the
order of 10 ag/1 vere neasored IB the later of a
creek near a cheaical plant. NassiTe fish deaths
in pesticide ccntaiinated creeks ««re reported.
1202
Infestigations on the Disappearance of Siaazine
free light Soil
Zucavski, H.; Ploszynski, H.
Fact of Bavden, Sic Fredrick (President) .
Proceedings of the 9th British Seed Control
Conference Held Ho». 18-21, 1968 at Brighton,
Ingland. Syiposiui. Vcl. 1,2,3 (p. 115-118),
13E8 c.; 1968
BAIZI; OATS; BIOASSAT; HERBICIDES; SOILS; SIHAZINI
1203
Significance of the Soil in Inviroaiental Quality
iBcrcteient. A Reviev
Zversan, P.J.; DeRaan, F.A.; New lork Coll.
Agric. Life Sci., Cornell Oniv., Ithaca, NT
Sci. Total Environ. (SIEVA8) , 2(2), 121-155; 1973
1199
Carbaryl Degradation by PSZODOROIIS-PHISEOIICOIA
and ASPIBGILIDS-IIIGIB
Zuberi, B.; lutalri, H.I.
?ak. J. Sci. TDd. Bes., 1«(«-5), 1971, 383-384
CABBARTL DBGBACltIO*.; IWS1CTICIDIS
1200
3todies on the Bio Degradation of Parathion
luckeraan, B.H.; Deobert, H.H.; Backievics, ».;
Gunner, R.
Plant Soil, 33(2), 1970. 273-281
VIVEGAB; FLT; ABKOPARATHIOI; CBOLII; 1ST1BA5E;
IISECTICIDES
1201
Laboratory In»«stigatlon« of Siaailne
Inactlvation Bit*
Xnraraki, 8.; Pisa, J.; tytsia Stk. tola.,
Iroclav, Poland
Boc*. Qlebozn. (BOGIAA) , 22(1), 12«-13<; 1971
SIBAfliB; SOILS; BBGBlDATIOi; PIBSIST1ICS; IITBB
SAID; BLACK UIT1; ALWJTIAL SOU
Hi»er e*nd, alltvial soil, aid black earth, alxed
vitb slaaxine shotted after 10 veeks 70, 20 and
10*. respectively, of the initial siaaslne
content.
192
-------
Aa»i. H. 317
Abafy, J. «0
Abdel-Gawaaa, A. A. 16
Abernathy, J.R. 17, 18. 19
Abo-Xlghar. N.R. 676
Abratova. K.A. 20
».ckley, I.B. 21
Ada*, 1. 22. 759
AdatoYlc, V.M. 1169
Ada»s, E.N. 23
Adais. R.S. 2U, 25, 137, 90S
Adais, S.S., Jr. 853
Addington, U.K. 717
Agbakoba, C.S.O. 26
Aggarval, J.C. 364
Agnihotri, N.p. 218
Agulhon, R. 27
Ahlrichs, J.L. 28. 628, 730
Ahied, H. 29
Ahn, S.R. 1185
Ahr, «.B. 30
Akasaki, K. 477, 478
Akishina, T.K. 31
AKsenoy, v.B. 32
Alexander. H. 33, 34, 35, 36, 31,
217, 425, 494. 849, 1067
All, E.S.N.H. 314
Allen, H. 38
Allen, T.J. 39
Alley, B.P. 739
Al*assy, G. 40
Altom, J.D. 41
Anastasis, KB. 42
Anderson, J.P. 43, 44, 45
Anderson, J.R. 46, 47, 48
Anderson, t.D. 432
Andrawes, S.R. 49, 50
Aotal, J. 40
Aoiine, S. 51, 194
Applegate, H.G. 68
Alines, J. 71
Aristovskaya, T.V. 52
Arle, H.F. 382
Armstrong, D.E. 577, 857
Armstrong, J.F. 1177
SECTION II
AUTHOR INDEX
Aroca, S.K. 53
ArahidinoT, A.A. 54
Arvlk, J.H. 55
Asai, 8.1. 56
Asannia, S. 307
lahfotd, S. 878
»shton, r. 57, 579, 581
Ataba«», S.R. 58, 59
Atzert, S.F. 60
Aucaap, J.I. (1
Austensoo, H.H. 911
Avrahaii. R. £2
Eagley, H.P. 49, 50
Bahig, K.R. 22, 759
Baida, T.A., Jr. 63
Baig, R.K.H. 794
Eailey. G.*. 64, 65
Eaird, D.D. 66, 1084
Eaird, S.i. 1043
Etkalivanov, C. 67, 815
Eakar, D.R. 232
Baker, R.R. 1056
Baker. 8.D. 68, 81
Balasubra»emi»n, A. 69
Baligar, ».C. 950
Ballard, T.M. 70
Ballester, A. 71
EallschBiter. K. 931
Ealuja Harcos, G. 72
Banelli, G. 73
Bankov. V.F. 74
Eannink, D.V. 862
Ear but'Ko, R. 994
Barisley, C.E. 75
Barlow, F. 76
Earnes, B.C. 77, 78
Earnhisel. R.I. 851
BartCMS, H.L. 1060
Bartha, R. 79, 121, 122,
125. 452, 870
Bar thai, li.T. 80
Bartlej, T.B. 915
Easier, I. 1171
Eatterton, J.C. 129
Baur, J.R. 81, 133. 134
193
Ba»eja, A.S. 199
Bazzi, B. 82
Beall, H. 83
Beall, H.L. 84, 786, 787
Beard. V.B. 356, 357. 358. 359
Beaslay, n.L. 85
Beasley, R.P. 968
Becker. D.L. 886. 887
Beckian, B.O. 86
Beak, R. 889
Beestian, E.G. 87
Bebrens, 8. 230, 1038
Bebrens, R.R. 1039
Beltz, R. 417, 888
Miles, V.S. 988
Belyea, G.T. 246
Bencivelli, A. 298
Benezet, H.J. 88, 693
Bsnjaain, I. 741
Benn«r, J. E. 8
-------
Blue, T. 1025
Bluienbach, D. 107
Bobrova, V.I. 108
Bode, I.E. 109, 110, 111
Boersia, L. 656, 923
Boguleanu, G. 865
Bollag, J.H. 112, 113, 11«, 115,
665, 666
Bollen, w.B. 1058
Bollt, E.D. 23
Boiar, N.T. 116
Bonderian, B.P. 117
Bone, H.T. 118
Booth, G.H. 119
Bordeleau, L.R. 120, 121, 122,
123, 124, 125
Borger, R. 126
Bose, :. A. 1154
Boucher, F.R. 127
Bourk, J.B. 60S
Bourke, J.H. 128
Boush, G.B. 101, 129, 130, 131,
132, 694, 695, 696, 697, 698,
699, 700, 701
Botey. U.S. 81, 133, 13», 135, 705
Bowen, H.J.H. 136
Bovian, B.T. 131
Bovian, H.C.F. 138
Bo»«r, K.H. 139
Boyd, J.C. 1*0
Bozarth, G.X. 101
Bradley, J. R. 142, 956
Brady, H.A. 143
Brantley, B.K. 691
Briggs, 6.G. 494
Brinckian, r.E. 803
Bciaki, A. 144
Bro-Rasinsaen, I. 145
Broadbent, F.E. 622, 1106, 1126
Brook*, 6.T. 146, 147
Brooks, T.N. 148
Brown, t.R.X. 150
Brown, B.I. 542
Brown, D.A. 149
Brown, I.F. 866
Brown, II. J. 1166
Brown, ».J. 150
Brown, M.S. 163
Brust, R.A. 151
BubaloT, H. 731
Euchanan, G.A. 152
Eudoi, G. 153
Ball, A.I. 77, 78
Ball, D.I. 154, 215
Barest, P.O. 1118
Barge, ».D. 155. 156, 157, 158
Eurk, G.A. 285
Earn, I.G. 159
Burnett. E. 134
Earns, I.G. 160, 161, ItJ
Earns, R.G. 163
Earnside, C.C. 164, 165, 725
Earrough, I.H. 166
Eusvell, J.A. 167
Batcher, J.w. 61
Batler, H.£. 211
Batler, I.I. 829
Byers, G.E. 672
Eyrd, B.C. 166
Cady, F.E. 1043
Cahill, «.F. 1130
Cain, S.B. 161, 169, 1181
Calderbank, A. 170
Caley, C. 80
Caipbell, I.». 171
Capek, 1. 172
Card«w, R.H. 345
Carey, A.I. 173
Carlson, I.E. 556
Caro, J.H. 174, 175, 176
Carolu«, B.L. 177
Carroll, E.R. 1170
Carrcll, P. 280
Carrow, B.». 178
Carter, f.l. 179, 180, 161
Carter, R.T. 182
Carter, 1.1. 183
Carter, B.I. 138
Casanova, H. 184
Casida, J.I. 185
Castro, T.T. 166, 1193
Catrooi, G. 300
Cencelj, J. 1»U
Cesari, A. 297, 298
Chal»aignac, B.A. 187
Cha«[ion, D.F. 188
Chandler, I. 28
Chang, R.K. 231
Chapian, R.K. 321
Chester, G. 301
Chesters, G. 189, 577, 856, 857
Cheung, H. K. 9. 211
Coha, F. 212
Colbert, F.O. 213
Colby, S.R. 840
Coleian, R.I. 326
Collier, C.I. 1016
Collins. J.A. 621
Collins, R.F. 214
Collins. R.I. 85
Coll yard, K.J. 491
Colon, J.D. 933
194
-------
Colwell, R.R. 803
Coaer. S.I. 1177
Copp«dge, J.S. 154, 215, 616
Cor bin, F.T. 216
CorKe, C.T. 463, 1009
COBhov, ».P. 386
Coop in, L. SOU
Coatta, J. S67
Cox, D.P. 217
Crafts, A.s. 900
eraser, J. 218
Cripps, R.E. 219
Critchley, B.R. 220
Crocket, ». 970
Crosby. E.G. 221, 222. 223, 22«
Crossland, J. 225
Crondy, S.H. 1057
Cruz, R. 226, 1155
Csapo, I. 40
Culliaore, D.R. 227
Curl, E.A. 1190
Czarnowski, S. 600
Czervinska, 5. 488
czyrnia. 8. 888
Dale, J.J. 275
Oagley, S. 556
Dans. P.*. 1120
Daaanakiz, H. 228
Daiyanova, I. 1097
Daniel, 3.9. 229
Danon, S. 61U
Darlington, I.e. 55
Dam ant, A.I. 230
Das, B. 196
Das. N. 196
Daoay, 6.0. 296
Davidson. J.H. 18, 231, 232, 233,
447. 1087
Davis. A.C. 234, 60S, 606
Davis, E.A. 235
DaTison, J.6. 204
Davytav. V.D. 713
Dans on, J. 1067
Day, B.E. 236, 237. 238, 495
Cay, C.L. 110, 111
d« Botgai, E. 239
da Tranne, E. 240
da Hete, R.T. 276
D«Haan, F.A. 1203
takhnijzan, R.H. 201
Eelas, J. 2«2
laiing, O.i. 87
Ceaorantill*, I.e. 11E7
Casi, I. 2U3
Danbttt, K.R. 2««, 2«!, 361, 1200
na»lin, S.B. 1187
Eavan, R.S. 971
tewlen, J.I. 238
tieter, C.I. »2»
Diaond, J.E. 2*6
Dindal, E.I. 247
Eishon, I. 807
titaan, I.F. 722
Oixon, J.B. 248
Djiraatai, A. S90, 591
toasch, I.H. 249
Dorovgh. H.W. 215. 250, 251
Drees, R. 252
Dcefahl, B. 568
Ecennan, E.S.R. 228
Ccev, I.A. U7
Drobnikova, T. 253
Dtozaova, O.A. 976
Crai, 1.6. 254, 255
Eabaeh, t. 318
tube, J.R. 783, 784
Dubranski, R. 60C
Cubroca, J. 184
Indley, R.T. 487
Cuff, «.G. 256
Dunigan, !.P. 257
ransing, H. 417
Care, 6. 1145
Cuseja, D.R. 258, 284
Dott, 6.R. 623, 1041
tnxbury. J.n. 1067
ttezeva, 6. 614
Zastin, I.P. 1127
Ibbersten, S. 259
Iben, C. 1033, 1034, 103S
Zberle, D. 880
Ebatle, D.C. 260
Eberspaecher, J. 240
Bbner, L. 367
Idgington, L.T. 858
Edwards, C.A. 261, 262, 263, 264.
1065
Edwards, N.J. 264, 1065
Edwards, R.8. 1179
Edvaids, V.fl. 17«, 265, 406
Effei, B.R. 266
£ga««, R. 1080
Eguchi. S. 817
Ehlers, I. 267, 268
Ehaan. P.J. 269
Eiehler, D. 270, 271
Hl-6tyar, ».H. 16
El-R«fie, U.S. 272
El-Raseiny, I.B. 678
Elgar, K.E. 95
lliseeTa, H.A. 681
Ellington, c.p. 540, 5»1
Elliott, t. 687
Ellis, J.R. 851
Elrlck, D.E. 273, 274
End, C.S. 275
Engelhard, A.V. 276
Sngelhardt, G. 277
England. c.B. 278
Ingst, R. 279
Enlov. R.E. 23
Ensoi, P.D. 423, 791
Epstein, E. 892
Ercegovich, C.D. 280, 528
Erdos, G. 243
Einst, J. 281
Errin, J.O. 690
Eshel, T. 282
Essei, fl.O. 283
Estasen, B.J. 1130
Etzel, J.E. 560
Ivans, J.O. 284
Evans, ».C. 312, 313, 830, 831
Exnei, J.R. 285
Eye, J.I). 286
195
-------
Eyring, H. 655
Fakhr, I.H. 22, 759
Fa», E.Z. 500
Farcer, V.J. 267, 268, 287, 288,
289. 290. U60, 461, 462. 1173,
495. 636, 953, 1003, 1004, 1005
FateyeYa, O.F. 291
Paust, S.D. 737, 738
Fedorova, I.H. 761
Felbeck, 6.T. 6«1, 642
Feltner, K. C. 852
Fenstar, C.R. 164, 165, 625
Fenton, S.H. 137
Ferguson, T.L. 626
Ferrari, F. 883
Finlayson, D.G. 1166
Fishbein. 1. 292
fisser, H.G. 166
FisyunoT. A.T. 293
Fitzpatrlck, A. 979
Flan, H.G. 292
Fleeltet, J.E. 929
Fleming, S.A. 29U
Fletchall, o.H. 1054
Flis-Bujak, H. 1077
Foesa, G.R. 295
Fontanilla, I.I. 722
Forey, A. 1181
Forney, F.B. 296, 1090
Foschi, S. 297. 298
Foster, U.K. 299
Fournier, J.C. 300
Foy, C.L. 441 , 579, 581
Franci, H. 309
Prank, H. 973
Frailer, B.E. 301
Freed, «.H. 302, 389, 465, 752,
754
Freeman, R.P. 174
Frere. N.H. 303
Fries, 6.F. 304
Friestad, H.O. 1014, 1015
Frissel, H.J. 862, 889
Frissell, H.J. 863
Fryer, J.D. 228, 559
Fuhreiann. T.R. 648, 649, 650,
651, 653, 654. 930
Fajiioto. I. 305, 516
Fukunaga, K. 306
Funazaki. Z. 307
Funderburk, H.fi. 141, 1190
Funderburk, B.I. 23
fumkava, K. 308, 1072
Fusi, E. 309
Gaeb, S. 510
Galba, 3. 442
Gall, H. 23
Gaiar, T. 776
Gais, 1. 498
Gar, 1C.A. 254, 25S
Garbcr, H.J. 432
Gardiner, H. 656
Garravay, J.L. 311
Gaunt. J.K. 312, 313
Gavaad, A.l.A. 310
Gaynor, J.t. 315
Gebhardt, I.R. 110
qebhardt, B.B. 111
Gaissbnhler, R. 316, 317, 367,
1102
Gerber, H.B. 318
Gersh, I.E. 601
Gessel, S.F. 893
Getzin, l.«. 319, 320, 321. 322,
323
Giardini, 1. 324, 325
Gibrail. H.A. 836
GigineiahTili, ».». 553
Giliour, J.T. 326
Giordano, F.H. 327
Girgor'Bva. T.I. 594
Glass, B.I. 265
Glotftlty. D.E. 174
Goel, E.I. 197
Goering, C.I. 110, 111
Gogiya, L.I. 328
Go gn a die, f.D. 328
Golat, T. 329
Goldberg, B.C. 1148
Gontalez-Ibanei, J. 662, 663
Gonzalez, G.C. 669
Goodin, J.B. 26, 495
Gorbach, S. 330, 331
Sorchakovskaya, K.N. 578
Soring, C.A. 332, 3!3, 334, 717
Sortlevskii, A.A. 638
Gorzelak, A. 335
Gosvaii, K.P. 336, 337
Goto, S. 516
Colliding, R.I. 338, 752
Gousterof, G. 1097
Go»en, H.J. 774
Graboxski, K. 339
Grah&B-Bryce, 1.3. 340, 341
Grailich, J.T. 329
Gra«pp, B. 1034, 1035
eras so, c. 342
Gray, R.A. 343, 344
Green, B.E. 336, 337, 1189
Greenvood, R.A. 365
Grice, R.B. 345
Griffin. D.P. 23
Griffiths, D.C. 346, 347
Grigor 'I»a, T.I. 595
Grigor'E*a. T.I. 596, 597
Gross, I.E. 158
Groasbard, E. 348
GroTer, R. 349, 350, 351
Groves, K. 352, 353
Grnetner, P. 354
Godding, R. 355
Guenzi. I.D. 356, 357, 358, 359
Gulati, K.C. 971
Gunner, R. 1200
Gunner, R.B. 360, 361, 671
Gunther, F.». 56, 362, 363, 432,
•82, 483
Gupta, D.S. 740
Gupta, K.G. 364
Gutenaann, (.R. 36S
Guth, J.A. 316, 366, 367
Gnthrie, F.E. 368
Gnyasb, F. 941
Gyriaco, G.G. 365
Gth«got«kii, H.I. 369
Baan. C.T. 370
Haaring. R. 331
Raaa, R.H. 371
196
-------
Hadavary. ».B. 76
Hagedorn, D.J. 745
Haghiri, F. 372
RahD, R. B. 371. 933
Haider, K. 086. 691
Hall, J.K. 373, 37*
RaMd, M.X. 16
Raaaker, J.W. 334, 375, 376, 371,
717
Haadi, I.a. 378, 379, 1062
Raa««4, S.T. 380
Haielink, J. 381
Halilton, K.C. 382
Haailton, R.». 1168
Raaierton, J.L. 383
Haaaond, L.C. 686
Haaroll, B. 384
Han, s.s. 1185
Hance, R.J. 385, 386. 387, 763,
764, 765
Hansen, B.J. 119
Haque, H. 302, 388, 389
Hardaan, J.A. 1119
Hargrove, P.S. 390
Hargrove, T. S. 391
Harris, C.I. 393
Harris, C.R. 392, 394, 395. 396,
397, 398, 399, 400, 401, 402.
403, 404, 105, 734
Harris, I.G. 83, 787, 788, 789,
790, 791, 792
Harrison, D.L. 748
Harrold, L.L. 406
Hartisch, J. »17
Hartley, G.s. 107. 408
Far twig, K.L. 280
Harvey, J.J. «09
Harvey, R.G. «10, 411
Harvey, T.L. 568
Haselbach, C. 317
Hattrnp, »^R. 915
Hayes, H.H. 159, 160, 161, 162,
345, 412, 413. 414
Head, >.K. »15
Hedlund, R.T. 717
Hedrick. H.G. 1143
Rein, I'D. 8tt°
Heinnlaan, D. 181
fleiaiach, I. 416, 417, 418
Helling, C.S. 419. 420, 121, 422,
423, 424, 425, 126. £33, S34
H«l*«g, 1. 427, 426. 429, 430
Beiing, B.S. 171
Henn*. B.C. 431
Rerberg. E.J. 329
Beriansoa, H.P. 432
Dercett, B.I. 49
Herve, 3.3. 433
flerael, f. 434, SOU
Riger, *.l. 576
Biggins, E.R. 374
Hill. I.F. 435
Hiltbold. I.E. 152, 493
Hilton, H.«. 436
Hindin, B. 431
Bir««, ».S. 727
Hobba, J.i, 991
Hocevar, J. 144
Hock, S.K. 438
Hodges. 1.1. 439
Hodgson, J.H. 440
Roffaan, G.O. 371
Hollist, P.L. 441
Boll7, K. 228
Rolobrady, K. 442
Holroyd, J. 387
Bolt, R.T. 443
Hoaeyer, E. 444
Bo.onnay Csehi, H.X. 445
Hoover, 8.1. 720
Hopkine, t.l. 568
Hocaann, K.D. 260
Roriann, K.D. 0. 880
Bornsty, ».G. 446, 447
Horowitz. R. 448, 449
Hcrsgood, U.K. 48
Eorvath, P.S. 450
Hovghton, G. 169
Housenorth. L.D. 451
Howard. C.I. 720
Baa, T. 452
Huang, J.C. 453, 454, 455, 456,
457
Huang, J.C. 458
Babbell. O.R. 459. 1150
Haggenberger. r. 460. 4(1, 462
Hughes, I.F. 463
RalU, V. 449
Ranter, J. R. 464
Butler K. 46S, 466, 467
Rartig, R. 468
Hurtt, I. 940
Russ. R. 469
Rutchinson, ».D. 23
Hutson, D.B. 94
Hylin, J.B. 92, 470
Hytak, D.I. 471
Ida, a. 472
Igae, R. 288, 289, 473
lare, B.I. 474, 475
Inch, T.D. 476
Inge bo. P.*. 235
Inoae, K. 51
Isensee, A,R. 423. 534, 535
Ishikava, R. 477, 478
Ishikora, R. 479
Isin, H.H. 54
Isoa. «.H. 480
Ivanova, L.S. 481
Tverson, s.P. 803
Iwabara, S. 522
Ivata, I. 482, 483
lyatomi, K. 524, 525
lyengar, L. 484
Iyer. J.G. 485
Jackson, H. B. 142, 956
Jacquin, P. 924
Jagnov. G. 486
Jaees, P.B. 487
Janjic. ». 212
Jaake. 2. 488
Janscn. L.I. 793
Jarrar, S. 1146
Jensen, c.B. 290
John, H.K. 489, 490
Johnsen. S.E. 491. 771
Johnson, B.T. 492
Johnson. I. 238
Johnson, H.P. 749, 896
197
-------
Johnson, I.P. 493
Johnston, H.». 494
Jones, G.E. D23
Jordan, 1.5. 495
Jordan, F.D. 496
Ju«ar, X. 384
Jyothi, V. 497
Kaars Sijposteijn, A. 241
Kaastra-Ho»eler, L.H. 498
Kabata-P«ndias, A. 499
Kadoui, A.M. 568
Kadunce, R.E. 246
Kaiser, P. 504
Kaeel, A.R. 500
Kaaenova, L. 1091
Kaaenskii, V.I. 1006, 1007
Kanazava, J. 501
Kanerskii, A.A. 750
ICapoor, I.P. 727, 728, 729
Karanth, ».G. 502, 503
Karki, A.B. 504
Karrs Sijpesteijn, 1. 505
Kaufian, 0. D. 957
Kaufaan, D.D. «24, 506, 507, 508,
509, 510, 526, 529, 615
Raul, R. 590, 591
Ravahara. T. 305, 511. 512, 513,
514, 515, 516, 517, 518, 51S,
520, 521
Kavai, N. 522
Kavakishi, S. 523
ICavaaori, I. 524, 525
Kavasaki, H. 51
Kazano, R. 526
Kaiantzia, G. 527
Kazarova, L.S. 59
K«arby, B.R. 528
Kearney, P.C. 192, 423, «25, 510,
526, 529, 530, 531. 532, 533,
534, 535, 536, 537, 538, 539,
540, 541, 615, 860, 1160
Kail, 3.1. 542
Keller, t. 543
Kelly. K.I). 23
Render, i.J. 42
Kennedy, J. H. 1055
Kennedy, II.T. 544, 1023
Kene, S.S. 118!
Khalilov, I. H. 545
Khan, S.O. 546, 547, 546, 549,
550, 551, 927
Khanvilkar, V.G. 700
Khasano*, J.D. 59
Khodzhtniyazov, A. -52
Khokhryakora, ».S. 254, 255
Khubutiya, R.A. 553
Rhullar, F.C. 196
Khorana, A.D. 554
Kiigeeigi. U. 555
Kilgore, H.S. 556, 1154
Kl«uta, T. 557
King, P.H. 556, 706
Kiritani, K. 501
Kirkland, X 559
Rirkwood, J.I. 670
Kirach, I.J. 560
Kitayaia, B. 914
Klee. G.E. 561
Klein, D. 752
Kl«in. H. 310, 562. 563. 573, 574,
575, 588, 589, 590, 591. 766, 767
Kleinheepel, C. 564
Kliger, 1. 916
Klisenko, B.A. 565
Huge, I. 1107
Rlate, H. 953
Rnaak, J.B. 566
Knaaf, 1. 331
Knight, B.A. 6. 567
Knight. H. 830, 631
Knisel, S.G. 134, 1043
Rnatton, H. 568
Ko. t.H. 569, 570
Kobayachi, H. 1048
Koch, 1. 571. 572
Xocher, R. 572
Kohli, J. 562, 573, 574, 575
Kolipinski. H.C. 576
Konnai, 8. 1051, 1052
Konrad. J.G. 577
KonstattincT, O.K. 578
Koo, F.K.S. 660, 664
Koren, B. 579
Koren, !. 580, S81
Koridon, A. 1088, 1089
Korogchenko, T.T. 582
Korotko»a, O.A. 583
Korschgen, I.J. 584
Korte, F. 310, 562, 563, 574, 575,
585, 586, 587, 588, 589, 590, 591
Kosaatyi, I.s. 1091
Kossiaan, K. 592
Kosuge, T. 1085
Kotaleva, T.S. 593, 1053
Kozhinova, L.A. 594, 595, 596, 597
Kramer, D. 598
Kratky, B.A. 599
Krechniak, J. 600
Kruglo», T.V. 601, 602
Kruezdoror, A.M. 89
Krzycanska, J. 603
Kadel, K.I. 1091
Kahr, 8.J. 604, 605, 606
KniuidzhieTa, T. 614
Kunatsuka, S. 607
Kuo. E.C. 608
Kupyrov, V.N. 609
Kuvatsnka, S. 610, 611
Rnz'ain, I.A. 612
Kuzyakina, T.I. 613, 805
Kyriacou, D. 285
l«0cbe», I.V. 614
Laanio, T.I. 615
LaBall, D.I. 616
Ladonin, T.F. 617, 868
Lafleur, U.S. 618, 619
Lageiwerff, 3.1. 487
Lakshiinarayana, T. 620
Langlois, B.t. 621
Larson, A.D. 296
laskovski, D.A. 622
lataehkin, L. 994
lanbscher,J.A. 623
Laodtcdale, H.I. 881
La»y, T.t. 624, 625, 725
lawless, E.W. 626
le Baron, H.B. 627
L* Peintre, R. 828
tear, B. 439
198
-------
lee, B.6. 301
l»*. C.I. 1185
Me, F.G. 127
lee, G.r. 1129
lee. 6.P. 189
lee, J.T. 699
l«e, I. »• 910
lee, I.I. 911
le«fe, J.S. 877
leenbeer, J.X. 628
Miner, J. 172
leistra. «. 629, 630, 631, €32,
633
leaon. B.R. 176, 634. 838
lentz, 6.1. 968
lepple, F.K. 635
letey, J. 267, 268, 460. 461, 4€2,
636, 637, 825, 953
levehenko, II.P. 638
le»i-Rinzi, 8. 905
leirallen, H.J. 639
lewis, C.C. 792
le«is. D.E. 2»8
lewis, D.I. 837
ley, R.t. 476
U. G.C. 640, 6»1, 642
Liang, T.T. 650, 930
U«0, C.S. 455, 156, «45, 646, 647, 648,
649, 650, 651, 652, 653, 6S4, 930
lin, C.S. U91
lin, B.C. 1027
lin. S.H. 655
Lindenbergh, D.J. 1088, 1089
lindquist, D.». 215
Lindskog, H. 890
lindctroe, r.t. 656, 923
Lingens. F. 240, 572, 657, £58,
659
lippi, D. 1071
Lisk, D.J. 128
little, B.J. 365
litvinotr, I.i. 768
Lia, l.C. 660. 661. 662. 663, 6C4
Un, S.I. 113, 114, 115, 665, 666
lloyd-Jones, c.P. 667
loadhoU, C. B. 542
lackvood. J.I. 569, 570
toeppKj, C. 1079
laftas, 6. 128
tai, l.P. 1082
longley. B.E. 361
loos, H.A. 668
lopec. B.R. 1058
lopez-Gonzalez, J.D. 669
lopez, C.I. 670
lord, K.lh. 794
lord, I. J. 671
lovely. I.G. 749, 896
In, Po-!nng 728
landie, P.B. 345, 412
latz, J.T. 672, 935
luzanyi, 1. 475
lykken, I. 673, 674
lysan. R.B. 675
lynbenko, P.K. 676
Haas, G. 813
NacDonald, K.B. 273
Hacek, J. 144
BacGcegoi, J.H. 853
Bachiiara, R. 677
Hackievicz. It. 1200
Hackietiicz, S. 603
Maclean. l.R. 274
RacPbee, ».». 193
Raeda, H. 516
Baertin, E. 281
Hahiond, S.X. 678
Raiet-Bode, R. 679, 680
Hakarova, S.T. 681
Balichenko, S.H. 684, 6C!
Ralkoees, H.P. 682
Ralone, C.R. 683
Hanji. B.I. 1154
Ranorik, ».?. 684, 685
Hansell, R.S. 232, €86, 687
Hanthey, J.I. 866
Har'Inko, T.G. 941
Rartens, B. 688
Martin, J.F. 289. 473. 669, 690,
691
Rartin, w.p. 908
Haalennikava, I. S. 595
Hasada, T. 692
Hasnko, H. 1080
Hatso-Ura, It. 517
Ratsai, R. 518
Hatsuura. F. 88, 101, 130, 131,
132, 693. 694, 695, 696, 697,
698, 699, 700, 701
Hatsnshisa, S. 702
Hatthes, D. 703
Hattbey, G. 703
Ranter, J. 475
Kayaudon, J. 187
Rclvoy, «.J. 704
Recall, B.C. 705
RcCarty, P.L. 558, 706
HcCaskill, B.R. 619, 707
HcClnre, G.I. 708, 709
RcCnlly, R.G. 705
RcDoagal, J.R. 233
He In tosh, T.R. 257
HcKenry, «.». 710, 711
HcKercher, B.B. 299, 415, 764, 765
HcKone, C.I. 205, 206, 387, 763
Hclane. H.I. 712
Hclean, E.G. 932
HcRac, D.H. 1192
Hedvcdev, T.I. 713
Hedzhibovskaya, Z.I. 724
Reggitt, «.F. 714
Heikle, R.I. 71S, 716, 717
Hel'»iko», ».». 718, 719
Heltcn, J.B. 720
Henges, R. R. 721
Henon, P.K. 620
Renz«l. D.E. 106
Henzer. R.I. 256, 722
nenzie. C.n. 723
Rerenynk, G. V. 724
Rerkle, R.G. 134, 371, 390. 705,
933, 1127
Hesscrseith, C.G. 725
Hetcalf. R.L. 726, 727, 7J8, 729
Beyers, K.I. 730
Bice», R. 731
199
-------
Mickovski, M. 732
Hiettinen. J.K. 733
«ika«i, T. 522
Miles, J.K. 40», 734
Bilhaud, G. 735
Miller, C.W. 361, 736
Miller, D.E. 509, 510
Miller, H.N. 276
Miller, P.». 737, 736
Hiller, V.I. 557
Hills, J.T. 739
Misato, T. 698
Hislira, P.C. 7UO
Miso»ic, R. 212
Hisra, S.S. 741, 742, 743, 744
Nisztal, H. 1077
Mitchell, E.M. 810
Mitchell, J.E. 745
Mitchell, H.G. 80, 173
Niyaioto, J. 746, 1030
Moe, P.G. 747
Moilanen, K.W. 223, 224
Hoku, N. 519, 520
Hoi, J.C.H. 748
Molnau, M.P. 749
NolozhanoYB, E.S. 481, 750
Nolozhanova, L.6. 1010
Nonke, E.J. 28
Montgomery, H. I. 751
Montgomery, B.I. 752, 753, 754
Moore, D.E. 248
Moore. D.G. 1058
Moraghan, J.I. 755
Borishita, T. 756
Morley, H.T. 757
Moroz, A.M. 369
Morris, B.T. 758
Morrison, P.O. 29
Hortland, fl.M. 1156
Hottteat, J.J. 327
Mostafa, I.T. 22, 759
Botazinskii, ».». 760, 761
Bount, D.A. 171
Boassin, R. 504
Hoyer, J.B. 762, 763, 764, 765
Boza, P. 766, 767
Nozheiko, A.M. 768
Brak, I.H. 769
dueller, G. 770
Huellei, «. 590, 591
Bulling, D.E. 771
Bullisen, S. R. 772
Munnecke, D.E. 773
Nuraiatsn, K. 523
Hurphy, H.J. 774
Hurphy, P.T. 60
Bnrtagh, G.J. 775
Bastafa, M.A. 776
Kaidu, S.N. 777
Naik, H.R. 778
Haishtein, S.I.A. 779
Kaito, R. 780
Nakagava, R. 224
Rakajiia, S. 780
Rakaiura, H. 305, 517, 518, 520,
521, 1048
Nakaanra, T. 781
laideo, K.I. 782, 783, 784
Kaiiki, R. 523
Randeo, K.R. 785
Rash, K.G. 83, 84, 53*, 786, 787,
788, 789, 790, 791, 795, 793
laaii, A.I. 794
Rassif, F.R. 795
Rasnda. K. 677
laaaana, K. 796, 797
Rayshtvyn, S.T. 798, 799
«*arpass. t.C. 800, 801
»«ely, o. 802
Relson, J.I. 803
Iclson, 1.1. 804
Rraova, 6.R. 90
l«po»ilo«», T.I. 613, 80:
R*stas«, T. 1198
leattrota, L.I. 850
I»th«ry, A.A. 806
l«tx«r. C. 807
R«arar«r, H. BOS, 809
Itvsoi. B.C. 810, 811
R«son. J.t. 712
Riciana, P. 812, 813
Riki, T. 472
RikoloTa. G. 814, 815
Nikonova, A.G. 594, 597
Ri»o, H.B. 1094
Missen, T.V. 816
Roda, K. 817
Hoddegaard, t. 145
Nolle, H.H. 1095
Rorris, L.A. 753, 818, 819
Rose, K. 820
Rovak, A. 821
Hovinska, J. 822
O'Connor, e.A. 823
Oblisaii, G. 69
Obucnovska, I. 824
Ochiai, I. 522
Oddson. J.K. 637, 825
Ogava, J.H. 1154
Ogawa, T. 1059
Oh, I.K. 826
Okaiura, J.P. 827
Olivier, H.R. 828
Oloffs, P.C. 1173
Olsen, S..F. 188
Onsager, J.A. 829
Orpin, C.G. 830, 831
Orsanyi, H.L. 40
Osgerby, J.H. 832, 833, 834
Ostrovski, J. 835
Oteifa, B.A. 836
Otsuji, H. 307
Ozawa, K. 817
Pack, D.E. 1075
Paris, D.F. 837
Paricle, L.H. 634, 838
Paroch.tti, J.T. 839, 840, 841
Pacownskaya, L. I. 602
Parr, J.P. 842, 843, 989, 990,
1169, 1170
Parts, L.A. 844
Pass, B.C. 250, 251
Pathak, B.D. 906
Patil, K.C. 700, 701
Patil. S.T. 950
Pawlos. B. 373, 374
200
-------
Payne. «.!). 845
Peach, (t.l. 846
Peas*, H.L. 409, 891
Pel'tsar, 1.5. 847
Penney, B.G. 758
Perry, ». 1139
Pesson, P. BUS
Pfsender, ?.K. 849
Pfefferkorn, V. 466
Phil'Henshtein, I.e. 850
Phillips, B.H. 707
Phillips, H.E. 851. 936, 937, 938,
939
Phillips, R.L. 1976
Phillips, H.H. 852
Picardi. B.E. 23
Pick, II. I. 413, »14
Pietrosanti, «. 1071
Pi«tz. 8.1. 853
Pillay, A.B. 854
Pisentel, D. 556
Pinault, I. 735
Pinthus, H.J. 855
Pionke, H.B. 856, 857
Piotrovska, H. 499
Piss, J. 1201
Pitblado, B.B. 858
Plapp, R. 277
Plisser, J.R. 423. 534. 536. 537,
859, 860, 861, 876
Ploszynski, H. 1202
Poe, E.A., Jr. 23
Poelstra. P. 862, 863, 889
Polizu, A. 864, 865
Poller, B.C. 77, 78
Polonskaya, F.I. 1091
Poluboyarino»a, I.V. 32
Polzin, W.J. 866
Ponder, F. 867
Ponti, I. 297, 298
Pope, J.D. 845
Popo*, H.T. 868
Posio, P. 95
posner, A.H. 1134
Pospisilova, T. 253
Powers, H.L. 991
Prabhakara Bao, k.V.S. 484
Pr*dhan, 3. 869
Praier, D. 870
Presant, 1.1. 871
Froskura, B.3. 872
Pogh, G.J.I. 873
Patnas, I.E. 177
Qaentia, K.E. 1145, 1146
Qnestel, J.H. 874, 87!
Qnirk, J.P. 1134
Fabson, S. 861, 876
Rachinskii, T.V. 613
Badeiacher , B. 467
Paqab, H.I.H. 877. 1620
Bahian, A. 878
Bahn. P.B. 879
Bajarai. K.P. 963
Bajyalakshii, B. 1092
Baisteiner, K.I. 880
Baadall, C.W. 881
Bangarso, p.v. 869
Bangas»a«i, G. 1011
Bathbnrn, c.B. 882
Bay. U.K. 200
Raynal, 6. 883
Bead, D.C. 884, 885
Beed, J.P. 1175
Feese, C.D. 886, 887
Beeves, B.C. 1179
Beifensteic, B. 417. 418. 888
Beinis«r, P. 889
Ben*all, S. 890
Beoszer, H.f. 28
Bhoads, F.H. 459
Bhodes, B.C. 891
Bichardson. C. 134
Richardson, E.n. 892
Bidgevay, 5. L. 616
Biekerk, R. 893
Biggs. R.I. 100
Bitter, «.I. 894. 895, 896
Roa. 1. 433
Boas, C.C. 623
Robinson, t.l. 671
Robinson, S.H. 436
Bodrignex, l.B. 897
Bodrigaes, L.D. 898
Berth, F.«. 625
Boian, H. 865
Rounowski, B.R. 1165
Boiine, B.B. 50
Bosefield, I. 322. 323
Bosekart, R.G 899
Rosenfels, R.S. 900
Boss. J.A. 901, 902. 1079
Boss. R.G. 903
Rosiinski, R. 904
Both, B. 281
Bothvell, C.P. 98, 459, 1150
BotiDi, 0. T. 905
BOMnfil'd, A. A. 676
Rnban, E.L. 906
Ruiz. R.B. 177
Banyan, R.I. 1056
Bask. R.H. 829
Basso, S. 907
Rust, R.H. 908
Ryerson, ».R. 909
SagaI, 6.R. 1133
Saha. J.G. 910. 911, 912
Said, R.B. 913
Sait. T. 524
Saito. H. 914
Saito. T. 525
Sakaeoto, P. 472
Salsan. H.A. 915
Saltzsan, S. 916. 917. 1191
Saaple, E.G. 327
Sanborn, J.B. 918
Sand, P.F. 919, 1158. 1159, 1160
Sand if er, S. H. 542
Sangha, 6.K. 729
Saonikov, G.P. 761
Sans, ».«. 392, 401, 402, 403. 404
Sarsa, B.D. 200
Sasaki, T. 522
Sa*age, K.E. 75, 920. 921, 922
Sav
-------
Saxena, S.N. 951
Schaffner. J.P. 846
Schechter, M.S. 138
Schia»on, n. 924
Schlagbauer. ».».J. 925
Schlagbauer, B.G.I. 925
Schaaland, G. 598
Schsedding, D.B. 389
Schiidt, K. 926
Schnitzer. It. 927
Scholefield, P.O. 874, 875
Schreiber, J.D. 928
Schreiber, L.E. 138
Schultt. I.R. 929
Schulti, K.R. 651
Schulz. K.R. 6«8. 649, 650, 652,
653, 65M, 930
Schupban, I. 931
Schutzun, B.I. 1179
Schutziann, R.I. 1158
Schwab, G.O. 932
Scifres. C.J. 135, 371, 933
Scott, H.D. 93
-------
Saett, D.L. 1029, 11*9
Saffet, I.H. 996
Swifla, S. 1030
Saioer. A.K. 912
Supak. J.R. 1031
Suss, A. 589, 1032, 1033, 1034,
1035
Suzuki, H. 1036, 1037
S»ec, H.J. 392
Svann, C.t. 1036, 1039
Swan son, H.A. 1040, 1041
S*arcevic2, N. 821
Snithenbank, C. 1192
Svoboda, A.B. 1042, 1043
Svoyer. G.F. 568
Syko, H. 40
Tachikava, S. 1044
Tahoti, X.S. 1045
Tai. A. 699
Tai, H. 173, 919, 1159, 1160
Takahasbi. K. 1046
Takanuia, S. 1047
Takase, I. 1048, 1049, 1050, 1061
Takeiataa, T. 1051, 1052
Takeuchi, I. 1051, 1052
Talano», G.A. 593, 1053
Talbert, R.E. 1054, 1055, 1056
Taaaz, S. 721
Tani, T. 780
Tanton, T.t. 1057
Tap, ». 863
Tappan, i.B. 459
Tarrant, R.F. 1058
Taschenberg, 1.1. 234, 606
Tatsakava, R. 1059
Taylor, A.W. 175, 176, 634, 838,
1060
Taylor, I.S. 1061
Tehan, T.T. 854
Teller, R.H. 748
Terriere, L.C. 555
Tevfik, M.S. 376, 379, 1062
Thakre, S.K. 1063
Thou as, C.A. 707
Thoias, G.». 1042, 1043
Thoiason, I.J. 710, 711
Ihoipoaon, J.R. 377
Thompson, A.R. 263, 4C5, 1064,
1065
Thoipson, C.t. 1066
Ti«dj«, J.HI 1067
Tietx, R. 1068
Uleians I 1069
Tiiat, H. 1070
Tinline, R.o. 911
liwari, R.C. 742, 743, 744
loiati, 0. 1071
Toiizava, C. 1081
loilinaon, T.I. 170, 567
lots, B.A. 413, 414
1ono«nra, R. 308, 1072
Torg«son, t.C. 1073
Tro«aer, F. 1108
Isoi, I.I. 1082
Tsabol, A. 1048
Tsada, R. 1049, 1050
Tu, C.H. 405, 734, 1074
Tucker, B.I. 1075
lacker, t.F. 1076
Tapper, ».fl. 871
Turner, E.c. 17«, «26
Tatski, R. 1077, 1078
Iweeiy, B.6. 951, 901, 902, 1079
Ceyaia, A. 1080
Oeyamn, I. 1081
Oiarov, A.A. 1082
Oiehaia. A. 781
Dpcborch. F.P. 216, 1083, 1084.
1139
Oskova, I.A. 20
Otley. D. 476
Vaid, U.K. 53
Van Alfen, U.K. 1085
Van Elidcl, R. 1086
van aei Klaqt, X. 862
Van der Rlagt, R. 863
Van Genuchten, H.I. 1C87
Van Scbt«v«n, D.A. 1068, 1089
VanLaeihoten, C.J. 490
Vargas, J.H. 1161. 1162. 1163
Varlo. R. 40
Vasantharajan, V.R. 502, 503
Vasavada, P.C. 1090
Vaahkalat, R.P. 779
V»sil»e». V.P. 1091
Venkataraman, 6.5. 1092
Verblyudova, R.I. 565
Verloop, A. 1093, 1094, 1095
Verscbauren, R.G. 1096
Vieltei, I. 71
Viets, T.G.. Jr. 359
Vlahot, S. 1097
Voerean, S. 1096
voerodin, A.v. 1099
Voitekhova, V.A. 1100
Toldui-clausen, K. 1«5
Volk, V.T. 975
VolkoT, k.I. 583
Volodin, V.S. 1101
Von, 8. 626
Vonandt, 0.8. 510
Vonk, J.«. 241, 505, 969
toss, G. 1102
Vrocbinskii, K.K. 1103, 110»
»«da. T. 1047
•adleigh, C.H. 1105
Rag, C.R. 1106
Ragenbreth, D. 1107, 1108
•aid, J.S. 1109
Sakatayashi. S. 1048
»aki»oto. 1. 1059
Ralker, A. 1110, 1111, 1112, 1113,
111», 1115, 1116
Halk
-------
Rarren. G.F. 282, 599, 841
Watanabe, H. 472, 523
Ratanabe, I. 472, 522, 1131, 1132
Ratanabe, T. 516, 961, 1037
Ratkin, E.H. 1133
Ratson, J.B. 113ft
Wane hope, B. D. 922
Wax, L.N. 19
Weber, J.B. 93, 1135, 1136, 1137,
1138, 1139, 1140, 1111
wefle»eyer, C. 1142
Seed, S.B. 93, 1140, 1141
Reeks, L.V. 825
Reeks, S.E. 1143
Rei-Tsung 1144
Reichet, J. 172
Weierich, A.J. 343, 344
W«il, L. 1145, 1146
Reisgerb«r, I. 562, 573, 574, 575,
590, 591, 766, 767
Werner, B.A. 1147
Wershav, ft.L. 1148
West lake, H.B. 56, 482, 483
Rh«atl«y, G.A. 1149
Wheeler, H.B. 459, 687, 1150
Rhite-Ste«ins, B. 1151, 1152
White, A.I. 1153
Rhite, E.F. 1154
Whit*, J.I. 64, 65, 226, 730,
1155, 1156
•HO 1157
Ricks, G.A. 164, 165
Wi«r«nga, P.J. 823, 1087
WUrssa, G.B. 173, 919, 1158,
1159, 1160
Wi«««, H.V. 1161, 1162, 1163
Wilkinson, A.T.S. 1164
Rilliai, R.D. 1165
Williaas, C.S. 168
WUlian, I.H. 1166
Rllliau. J.H. 1167
lilliaas. J.I. 873
Willis, 6.R. 843, 1168, 1165, 1170
Wills, G.D. 1171
tillBon, D.L. 55
Wilson, B.R. 1172
Wilson, D.H. 1173
Singo, C.R. 1174
Sinkler, P. 418
Rinnett, 6. 1175
Sinteringhai, T.t. 1176
sitkcnton, S. 280
«ojeck, G.A. 619
tolcott, A.R. 958
•olfe, H.P. 1177
Wolff, S.R. 1021
Wong, A.S. 224
Wood. 1.6. 185
Woodcock, D. 1178
Woodhai, D.W. 1016, 1179
Soods, S.G. 811, 988
Roolson. E.A. 423, 534, <38, 539,
540, 541 , 791, 1180
Worshas, A.D. 897
Wright, A.I. 94, 96, 57
Wright, K.A. 169, 1181
Wright, S.J.I. 203, 1182, 1183,
1184
Wah, K.D. 1185
tarster, C.F. 1186
lybieralski. j. 821, 822
laklich, R.R. 1187
Taklotle»«, I.I. 850
Tasabari, B. 1188
Tasada, I. 781
Tasada, n. 1072
tasane, T.K. 1189
Tasato, T. 1036, 1037
Tug, J.S. 1190
lano, B. 1188
lacoa, B. 916, 917, 1191
latts, B.I. 576
lib, R.I. 1192
loshida, 1. 186, 947, 948, 919,
1193
Toskihara. B. 1030
Tosklsoto. T. 1049. 10SO
losklike, A. 1194
Toang, J.I. 923
loong, 8.8.P. 1195
Toangsonv C.R. 717
M, C.C. 119, 918
la, T.C. 754
Tule, R.K. 1196, 1197
tarasoYa, C.I. 594, 596, 597
Turo»skaya, T.H, 798, 799
Yushiia, T. 501
zador, s. 40
Zahran, H.K. 379
Zaki, II.N. 678
Zakordonats, v.A. 976
Zaifir, s. 1198
Zarif, S. 575
Zatserkovskii, V.A. 1091
ZaTarzin, G.A. 52
Zharasov, S.O. 201
ZhQlinskaya, T.A. 796, 799
Zidan, Z.H.A. 272
Ziagler, P. 318
Zildahl, 8.1. 879
Znbairi, H.I. 1199
Zubeti, R. 1199
Zuckernan, B.H. 361, 1200
Zoravski, H. 1201, 1202
Zvcrsan, P.J. 1203
204
-------
ABATEHHIT 8. 687. 1024
ABSORPTIOHETER 795
ABSORPTIOR 60, 62, 84. 90, 211,
218, 244, 257, 329, 335, 372,
397, 101, 105, 452, 490, 513,
514, 521, 546, 616, 644, 681,
686, 753, 756, 834, 859, 859,
864, 867, 939, 968, 1014, 1069.
1080, 1100, 1135, 1171
»BDHDi»CE 372
ICAHBACIDE 1104
ACAHICIDES 280, 417, 425, 687, 902
ACAROL 687, 1150
ACC0HOLATIOS 6, 59, 60, 63, 88,
105, 119, 174, 369, 490, 506,
655, 728, 855, 862, 865, 903,
977, 1063, 1103
ACETAHIDE 431, 506
ACBTA1IILIDE 87, 839, 1079
KETATE 313, 379
ACETIC ACID 275
ACETIC ACIDS 284
ACBTOBACTER 601
ACETOHITEILE 285
ACBTYL ESTERASB 296
ACHEOHOBACTER 169
ACID SOUS 195, 841
ACID SOLFATJ 943
ACIDIC COMPODRDS 1141
ACIDIC SOILS 798
ACIDIFICATION 858
ACIDITT 487, 801, 1138
ACIDS 274, 349, 681, 957, 1078
ACRTLONITHILE 1026
ACTINOHYCETE 1092
ACTIKOHTCETES 118, 201, 459, 504,
569, 671, 688, 731, 796, 815,
1150
ACTIVATED CARBOR 410. 835, 1055
ACTIVATION 550
ACTIVATION ENERGY 641, 747, 754
ACTIVE TRANSPORT 177
ACYL AHItA-SE 277
ACTL ANILIDE 277
ACYLAHIDAS! 157
ACYLANILIDBS 506, 509, 1126
ADDITIVES 8, 47, 572
SECTION III
KEYWORD INDEX
ADSOBBBITS 341. 351
ADSORPTIOR 18, 19. 25, 51, 53. 64,
65, 72, 93, 99, 100, 105, 126,
127, 137, 149, 159, 160, 161.
162. 170, 188. 189. 196, 197,
210, 228. 231, 232, <33, 239,
245, 257, 258, 269, 274, 282,
284, 287, 302. 303. 315, 317,
325, 326. 345, 349, 351, 366,
366, 372, 377, 386, 388, 389,
406, 406. 411. 413. 414. 420,
435, 441, 442. 446, 447, 449,
453, 454, 455, 456. 457. 458,
460, 461, 465. 475, 496. 511,
543, 546, 541, 548, 550, 550,
577, 581, 593, 607, 608, 628,
630, 638, 642, 660, 661, 664,
687, 690, 705, 730, 741, 742,
743, 748, 762, 763, 764, 765,
776, 794, 800, 801, 804, 806,
812, 813, 818, 825, 827. 833,
834, 835, 841, 651, 654. 859.
874, 913, 916, 917, 920. 922,
924, 926, 927, 927. 935, 938,
941, 958, 962, 983, 993, 1000,
1004, 1017, 1018, 1027. 1031,
1041, 1044, 1048. 1052, 1054,
1082, 1086, 1087, 1095, 1112,
1113, 1114, 1129, 1134, 1135,
1136, 1137, 1139, 1140, 1145.
1146, 1155, 1165, 11t7, 1179,
1189, 1191
ADSORPTION ISOTHESHS 917
ADSORPTICR HBCHARISRS 547, 1017
ADSORPTION EATI 454
ABRATICR 1007, 1028
AERIAL APPIICATIOH 59
AEROBIC 254, 329, 357, 538, 539,
842
AEROSOL 417
AGELON 731
AGGREGATE SIZE 446
AGGRBGATIOK 502
AGITATION 922
1GRICOLTORAI CHEHICAIS 341
AGRICULTURAL VAST IS 804, 909
AGRICOLTORI 23, 252. !6C, 269,
303, 372, 391, 418, 457, 489,
499, 686. 733, 769. 845. 978.
1105, 1194
AGROCHBHISIRY 607, 820
AGROICOT 66
AGROTIS 392
AIR 11, 136, 176, 218, 222, 236,
243. 263, 2C9. 355. 006. 468,
481, 573. 586, 626, 63*. 698.
735, 769. 856, 914, 953, 970.
998, 1010, 1058, 1059, 1169,
1171, 1166
AIR HO* 289
AIR-DRIED 59
AIRCRAFT 14
ALACHLOE 87, 390. 839
ALDICARB 49, 50, 154, 171, 528,
566, 616, 719, 1031, 1179
ALCICA8B SOL POME 49
ALDICARB SOLFOXIDE 49
ALBRIN 14, 59, 72, 92, 149, 171,
173, 179, 180, 186, 297, 301,
310, 365, 370, 395, 396, 397,
398. 415, 432. 434. 444. 445.
484, 514, 520, 521. 562, 568,
573, 575, 584, 587, 603, 620,
626, 647, 649. 651. 652. 674.
677, 702, 757, 766, 767, 771,
791. 629, 846, 864, 865, 890,
905, 931, 932, 942, 968. 1022,
1028, 1036, 1037, 1164, 1175,
1194, 1198 , 1188. 403
ALFA1FA 84, 251, 607, 1004, 1130
ALGAE 34, 55. 119. 130. 576, 602,
654
ALGAI BLOOHS 34, 295, 1195
ALGAL RATS 576
ALIPHATIC ACIDS 532
ALIPDR 339, 872, 994
ALIQOOTS 818
ALKALI 790
ALKALINE ERVIRONHENT 989
ALKAIIRE SOUS 195, 798, 841
ALKY1 ARSINES 10, 538
ALKT1ATION 820
ALLOPRANE 51
ALLUVIAL SOIL 943, 1051. 1201
ALLTl ALDHIIDH CARBIDE 796
ALPHA CHLORO-R-N-DIALLTL
ACETANIDES 212
ALOHIRA 469
ALOHIHOSILICATE 1155
ALOHIHON 137, 485, 608
ALORIHDH HYDROXIDES 442
AH BE ELITE 159, 160
AHtTRYME 336, 366, 465. 469. 660,
662. 663. 1136, 1189
AHIBEH 8, 173, 709, 762, 994, 1056
ANIDASE 1184
ABIDES 533, 870
AHIHE SALT 105
AHIHES 902
AHINO ACIDS 219, 691
AHIROPARATRION 189, 945, 1200
AHIHOTRIAZOLE 818
AHIHCTRICHLOROPICOLINATE 464
205
-------
AMIPROPHOS 1081
AHITROLE 7, 216, 352, 801, 813,
818, 1088, 1155, 1167
AMMONIA TREATED SOILS 990
AMMONIA-NITROGEN 779
AMHONIFICATION 428, 504, 779, 905,
1074
AMMONIOM 1*9, 285, 327
ANMONIOM SULFATE 1074
AMYLASE 104
ANAEROBIC 254, 329, 357, 842, 843,
942, 947, 1007, 1009, 1128, 1142
JNAEROBIC FERMENTATION 828
ANALINE 158
ANALOGS 727, 727
ANALYSIS 108, 290, «23, 467, 544,
551, 635, 681, 866, 915, 938,
960, 981, 1061, 1146, 1150, 1119
AMILIDES 870
ANILINE 120, 121, 123, 141, 203,
901, 1126, 1182
ANILINE BENEFIN 411
ANILINE MOIETY 902
ANILINES 125
AHIMAL CYSTS 348
ANIMAL HASTES 443
ANIMALS 14, 60, 94, 136, 150, 269.
270, 348, 405, 490, 566, 583,
587, 588, 590, 591, 605, 635,
683, 703, 716, 719, 735, 753,
887, 908, 1044, 1096, 1117, 1142
ANION 1134
ANION EFFECT 742
ANION EXCHANGE 8ESIN 1139
ANNUALS 1082
ANSAR-138 269
ANTIBIOTIC 1097
ANTICHLOI»ESTEB.ASl THIBET 321
AKTICHOLINESTEBISI 306
ANTICHOLIWESTERASE PESTICIDES 3
ANTIMICROBIAL 285
APHIDS 145, 321, 1008
APPLE ORCHARDS 605, 903
APPLB TSKS 491, 671, 903
APPLES 54, 260, 271, 291, 516,
72«, 756, 903, 1010
APPLICATION 174, 650. 930, 1082.
1063
APBOC1RB 820
AQOAFIOM WATER 1 19
AQOATIC 11
AQUATIC HDIFER 853
AQOATIC ECOSYSTEMS 28, 189, 218,
222, 243, 295, 349, 381, 454,
468, 837, 848, 856, 686, 887,
952, 992, 1095, 1104, 1142
AQOATIC ECOSYSTEMS 119
AQOATIC ESltJABIES 887
AQOATIC FOOD CHAIN 119
AQOATIC MOIEL 454
AQOATIC CPGANISHS 735
AQOATIC PLANKTON 216
AQOATIC SFCIHINTS 295
AQOEOOS BE CIA 917
AQOEOOS SOSPENSIONS 76
AQOIPBB 127
ABABINOSZ 308
AHBORICIDES 760, 761
ARESIN 1032
ARID ZONE 776
AROCLCR 389
AROCLOB 1254 389, 483
AROMATIC ACID BIRBICIDIS 393
AROMATIC COHPOONDS 284, €58, 1134
AROMATIC RINGS 2, 820
ARBHENIOS EQUATION 717
ARSENATE 305, 442, 51t, 538, 742,
744, 756
ARSENA1E IONS 743
ARSENIC 30. 34, 3«, 42, 53, 173,
178, 193, 217. 269, 305, 493,
535, 538, 539, 674, 719, 741,
742, 744, 756, 774, 828, 871,
874, 882. 1023
ARSENIC THIOXICZ 899
ARSENICAL IHOSPHOROS BIRBICIDE 178
ARSENICALS 10, 674
ARSENICS FIXATION 900
ARSENITE 53, 741, 742, 743, 744,
874, 875
ARSENITE ICN5 743
A8THROBACTIP 731, 849
ARTRBOPOD 183, 397, 561
ARTIFICIAL ROBIN I10ID 329
ABYLOIACBTIC ACID 719
ASH 1051
ASSAY 941
ATMOSPHERE 218, 222, 635, 856
ATHOSPHERIC TRANSPORT H68
ATOMIC ABSORPTION 720
ATOMIC ABSORPTION
SPECTROPHOTOMETRY 173, 863
ATRATOHE 326, 465, 85U
ATRAZINE
152
257
324
366
410
461
553
663
762
854
935
991
i
,
f
i
,
9
1
,
t
1
,
153
266
326
373
417
465
613
664
764
880
938
8,
t
,
,
9
1
t
1
,
,
f
,
, 1007.
1100,
1115,
1101
1136
67
164
28U
335
374
119
1)69
625
684
805
894
939
r
t
9
9
t
t
t
9
t
1
f
t
1040
90.
173
293
336
382
422
480
640
685
813
895
950
96,
t
f
f
f
r
t
t
,
i
f
,
189
309
337
385
«51
U96
641
709
839
896
973
, 1041,
, 1110,
1
»
9
f
9
t
1
»
9
t
V
t
39,
199
315
348
386
460
508
642
731
844
906
975
144,
r
r
t
9
9
»
t
9
t
»
1100,
1113,
1114
, 1189
r
AOTOCLAVIHG 427, 572, 913, 921
AOTORADIOGRAPHY 130, 3U8, »76,
1171
AVAILABILITY 482, 757, 835, 853,
1033, 1034, 1035, 1093, 1112,
1113, 1137
AZIHFHOS 346
AZIPBOTRYNE 1115
AZOBENZENB 463
AZOTOBACTER 732, 941, 1088, 1092
EACTIRIA 8, 36, 48. 118, 129, 155,
202, 300, 309, 353, 427, 459,
486, 488, 492, 504, 529. 601.
671, 700, 733, 782, 785, 797,
803, 815, 947, 948, 963, 1011,
1023, 1074, 1088, 1092, 1109,
1132, 1150, 1177
BACTERIAL METABOLISM 203
BACTERIAL POPULATIONS 1089
BABBAN 1184
BABK 1171
BABLIY 480, 545, 765. 911. 961
BARLEY 271
BAIM YARD GRASS 66, 1012
BASSA 820
BATCH EQOILIBRION 608
BITCH TECHNIQUE 258
BATTERI SHELTERS 490
BAY 92114 394
BAYGON 364
BEANS 193, 269, 353, 451, 595,
835, 1030
BEDROCK 265
BEERS LA* 162
BEES 1119
206
-------
BBBT 1010
BEETLE FAORA 770
BEETLES 220
BEETS 575, 592, 595, 1053
BBRBFIR 329, 897, 938
BEREFIT-RISK 585
BENFLORALIR 480
BBRLATE 298, 1143
BEROML 297
BBROHTL H27, 429, 438, l»98, 719,
807, 856, 883. 1154
BERSOLFIDE 721
BBBTAZON 19, 119
BERTHIOCARB 477, 478
BERTORIT1 669, 737, 738, 941,
1000, 1086, 1185
BERZAC 372
BERZCTE 158, 669
BERZEME HEXACHLORIDI 674, 1044,
1194
BERZIHIDAZOLE 1082
BERZOATES 548, 1182, 1183
BEBZOFORAE 320
EERZOIC ACID 719, 957
BERZOQOIIORE POLYKERS 159, 160
BERRIES 1188
BETAHIL 281, 592
BHC 38, 88, 189, 193, 48U, 511,
512, 513, 515, 517, 518, 519,
521, 597, 693, 698, 789, 789,
791, 820, 864, 914, 942, 962,
1019, 1022, 1036, 1037, 1047,
1053, 1059, 1080, 1131, 1193,
1194
BIBLIOGRAPHY 292
BICHLORIDE 970
BIDHIH 1147
BIHDIHG 321, 482, 551
EIOACCOHDLATIOM 543, 693
EIOACTIVITY 25, 449, 885
BXOASSAY 66, 92, 139, 204, 228.
259, 318, 321, 346, 424, 427,
449. 510, 532. 559. 662. 663.
883, 1013, 1055, 1064. 12.02
BIOCHEMICAL OXYGZR DEHAHD 932
BIOCHBHICKL TRABSFOBHATIOHS 942
BIOCHESISTRY 52, 407, 1045
BIOCIDES 69, 355, 416, 887
BIOCOHVBBSIOH 292
EIODEGBADAEILITY 727
EIODBGRADAELB PESTICIDES 698
EIODBGBADATION 34, 216, 249, 275,
338, 358, 556, 560, 67U, 726,
728, 729, 752, 881, SOS, 952,
996, 1023. 1024. 11H2. 1182
BIODSTBRIOHTIOH 8, 36, 728, 887
BIOIIDICATCRS 545, 559
BIOLOGICAL AClIflTY 1093
BIOLOGICAL DECCHPCSITICR 717
BIOLOGICAL DB10X1F1CATIO* 823
BIOLOGICAL rSACTICRATICH 136
BIOLOGICAL SYS1EHS 644
BIOLOGICAl-CHEfllCAL BUD CCRTBOL
854
EIORAGRIIICATIOII 726, 72E, 729
EIOHETABOLITES 1121
EIOSPHIBE 243, 571, 635, 848
BIOTA 222
BIOTEST METHOD 1108
BIOTRARSFOWUTIOW 112, H6, 229,
311, 848. 918
EIPHEH1LS 483, 728
EIPIRIDYLIOH 546, 546, E!1, 666
BIROS 12, 243, 527, 543, 674, 712,
718, 911, 1119, 1186
BIRLARD GPAHOLES 1149
BISDITRIOCARBAHATt 50!, 969
BISOLFHE 285
BI58EC 354
SLACK CLAY 1043
ELACK EARTR 339, 1201
ELACK SOIL 350
ELACKCORRARTS 206
ELADIN 171
EUJEBMRY 42
BODY 490
EOG 244, 1187
EORDEAOX 724
EOROH 372
EOTTOH HOD 263
BRIAKDOBR 13, 56. 118, 219, 271,
379, 409, 427, 429, €5?. 699,
725, 772. 860, 904, 947, 980,
983, 1167, 1183, 1187
BREAKDOWN FFOCOCTS 16
BBOSACtL 8, 266, 388, 928, 1013,
BROHACIL 1076, 1138
BROHEGRASS 84
BROMIDE 285
BROHIHE 1023
BEOHOAKILINE 1079
BFO«CFE»OIIH 252
BROHOPHOS 145, 270, 346
BROHOPHOS ETHYL 270
BROHOIYRIL 985
BROHOXYNIL OCTAMOATE 214
BODS 970
BDFFIRS 853
BDILDOP 955
BDLFUH 339
BOLK DEKSITY 110, 267, 896
BDTACHLOH 66, 87
BDTAROHE 296
BOTH1CHLORCMETHILORACIL 599
BOX 566, 1075
C-6989 1127
CABBAGE 63, 269, 307, 758, 1036,
1111
CABBAGE MAGGOTS 884
CACOtYLIC ACID 10, 269, 538, 539,
1160
CADHIDB 294, 490, 781
CALCIREOOS IOAH 1023
CALC1UB 93, 137, 1*1, 196, 233,
294, 326, 743, 813, 826
CALCIOH ARSINATE 42
CALCIOH CARBONATE 972
CALCItin CHLORIDt 18, 93, 813, 980
CALCIDH HYDROXIDE 677, 982
CALCIOfl RITRATB 1128
CALCIOH OXIDES 372
CALORINETRY 413, 414. 1014
CABPKRE 676
CAMAIS 284
CAPTAH 173, 249. 298. 451, 626
CARBIKATE 185, 306, 433, 477, 583,
716, 747, 837, 925. 1012, 1064
CARBIBATF.S 8, 132, 158, 212. 387,
507, 532, 566, 604, 695, 698,
708. 719. 728, 750. 836. 870,
997, 1045, 1142
CASBANILIC ACID 747
CARBARYL 28, 113, 114, 171, 297,
207
-------
CABBABTL 397, 526, S66, 626, 626,
665, 666, 678, 719, 730, 777,
898, 906, 925
CABBABTL DEGRADATION 1199
CARBATHION 31
CAPBOFOS 798
CABBOPUBAN 171, 320, 39», 566,
88«, 1064
CARBOHYDRATE 20
CABBON 91, 219, 240, 312. 315,
427. a9«, 607, 826, 926, 943.
10117
CARBON DIOXIDE 66, 101, 214, 285,
SOU, 544, 560, 688, 9»7, 980
CARBON DISOLFIDE 469
CARBON MONOXIDE 544
CARBON 14 77, 130, HI, 192, 29C,
320, 348, 409, 486. 573. 57«,
577, 589, 654, 667, 751, 947,
1030, 1075, 1110, 1115, 11«1
CARBON-14 DIOXIDE 486
CARBONPORAN 174
CARBONYL 192, 5«9
CARBONYL OXTGEN 608
CA.R.BONYL OXYGEN ATOMS 137
CARBOPHENOTHION 346
CARBOPHOS 799
CARBOXALDEHIDES 787
CAB BOX III 191, 1126, 1144
CARBOXIN TITATAX 190
CARBOXYESTERAT1C 22
CARBOXII GROOP 608, 6*2, 1078,
1134
CABBOXYtATION 960
CARBOXYLIC ACID 256, 574, 766
CARBOXT1IC ACIDS 562
CARBOXTLIC 10* EXCHANGE 162
CARCINOGENS 14. 674
CARROTS 269. 28Q, 401, 402, 417.
474, 573. 650, 757, 770, 872,
1010, 1029, 1036, 1149
CAS080N 615
CATALTSIS 104, 210, 994
CATBCHOL 203
CATIOU 1077
CATION EFFECT 742
CATION EXCHANGE 737, 776, 806,
1137
CATION EXCHANGE BBS IN 351
CATION-BXCHANC1 CAPACITY 660
CATIONIC CCHPCONDS 1141
CATIONS 93, 137, 161, 196. 197,
258, 549, 813, 851, 860, 941
CAOLIPLONEf 1010
CDAA 839. 1138
CELERT 770
CELL 1A1I 716
CELLOLCLYSIS 504
CELLULOSE 104, 249
CELLOICSE DEGRADATION 104
CELLULOSE PONDER 351
CBNTIPIDI 183
CEREAL CROPS 467
CEREALS 271, 911, 9€6
CERESAN H 1092
CBREZAN 474. 475
CESIDN 661
CHAFP 372
CRAPARBAL IATIBSEID 235
CHARCOAL 496. 1135. 1139, 1189
CHARGE-TRANSFER 546, J51
CHBIATION 804, 1018, 10E7
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS 36
CHEMICAL BCNDS 530
CHEMICAL PIANT 1198
CHEBICAL SEEDBED tREFABATION 775
CBERICAL S1ROCTOBI 618
CHEMICAL TBANSICRBATION 918
CHEMICALS S86
CHEHISOIPTION 1155
CHBHOTHEBAPT 276
CHERIOSEH 104. 2!3, 613, 684, 688,
713. 779, 808, 976, 1100
CHEBNOtBBIC SOILS 415
C8EM1 260
CHIC«-IBA 293
CHITII 249
CHLOPHIN 992
CHLOIAl HICRATI 271, 417
CHLOIABBIN 216, 1138
CHLOBATB 417. 418
CHLOIAIIII 293
CHLOIAXONE 201
CHLOBBIOHDBON 17, 366, 367, 901,
920
CHLOBDAHE 92, 1UO, 173, 179, 180,
186, 193, 251, 365, 397, 432,
484, 620, 771, 789, 829, 942,
1019, 1066, 1158, 1159, 1173,
1175, 626
CHLOBDAN1ICHS-3260 250
CHLOFDECONE 16, 16
CHLOBDENE 395
CHLORDIHEPOBH 902
CHLOFEHBIC ACID 688
CHLOBPENVINPHOS 29, 94, 264, 428,
476, 1029, 11U9
CHLORIDE 1077
CHLORINATED ALIPHATIC ACIDS 1182
CHLORINATED BIPHENTLS 223
CHLOBINATEC HTDBOCARBON PESTICIDES
454, 457
CHLOBINATED HYDBOCABBONS 2, 16,
34, 173, 225, 279, 292, 359, 416,
417, 444, 454, 484, 521, 531,
535, 543, 585, 674, 698, 707,
791, 857, 870, 1003, 1142, 1145,
1146
CHLOBINATED INSECTICIDES 73, 138,
342. 486, 623, 766, 1063
CHLOBINATED PESTICIDE 586, 947
CHLORINATED PESTICIDES 529
CHLOSINATION 926
CHLORINE 8, 58, 100, 219, 247,
284, 389, 681, 728, 751. 915
CHLOSINE ALIPHATIC COMPOUNDS 686
CRLOEHIDIKI 411
CHLOBO S- 624
CRLOBOACtTIMIDtS 839
CHLOBOAHINOTRIAZINES 719
CBLOROANILINE 1034
CBLOBOANILINES 79, 124, 452, 1183
CHLOEOAEOBENZENES 1183
CHIOBOBEHZENE 184
CHLOBOBENZILATE 1150
CHLOBOBENZOIC ACID 859, H26
CHLOBOBEItONITBILE 859
CHLOBOBIOTCLOHBXENE 931
CHLOBOCAHPBBNB 676
CHLOBOCATBCHOLS 1067
CHLOBODIBSNtODIOIIN 423
CRIOBODIOXII 103, 423, 534, 540
CBLOBODIOIINS 541
208
-------
CHLORORALBtLlCBTATB 952
CHLORORBTHOITPHENOL 1163
CHLOHOHBTHTL 312
CHLORONEI 891. 1161. 1162. 1163
CHLORONITRO ANILINE 1106, 1128
CHLORONITROBBNZINB 1106. 1128
CHLOSOPHMOLS 116, 184, 190, 275,
472, 541, 859
CHLOROPHBHOIT 275
CHIOROPHEHOHACITATE 133, 230.
608, 625, 850
CHLOROPHEKOTTACmC ACID 780
CHLOBOPRENTL 156
CHLOROPHEHYL-PTaiDINBHBTHABOl 8«6
CHIOBOPHB1ITLACITIC ACID 849
CHL080PHEHYLCARBAHATE 961
CRLOBOPHEHYLS 394
CHLOBOPHOS 63, 799
CHLOHOPHOPHAH 859, 1115
CHLOROBGAHIC 1064
CRLORORGANIC PESTICIDES 594
CHLOROSOCCINATE . 952
CHLOROTRIAZIHES 1155
CHLOROXORON 901, 1167
CHLOBPROPHAH 384, 422, 935, 937,
938, 939, 1111, 1138
CHLORPtRIFOS 392, 1064
CHLORTHIAHID 27, 97, 205, 2C6,
832, 1167
CHLORTOLORON 366
CHOLERA 674
CHOLIN 260, 1200
CHROHATOGRAPHT 71, 173, 223, 260,
280, 322, 337, 378, 419, 420,
422, 424, 467, 476, 477, 494,
SOB, 889, 924
CHHORIUR 294
CHFOHOSORB V 477, 827
CHBOHIC BRONCHITIS 490
CIBA 1824U 394
CIGABETT1S 519, 520
CIPC 372, 510, 799. 747
CISCDLATIOM 218, 848
CITSDS 553, 1076
CITBDS TREES 553
CLAMS 119
CLAT 51. 68, 72, 102, 137. 149,
CLAT 154, 163, 179, 192, 197, 199,
210, 2*8, 256, 281, 288. 309,
315, 319, 325, 335. 349, 350,
351. 356. 359, 372. 373, 396.
412, 413, 414, 420. 432, 454,
455, 456, 457, 458, 463. 518,
524, 536, 546, 549, J98, 608,
609. 616, 669, 690, 714, 725,
730, 737, 779, 812, 813, 817,
822, 835, 859, 860, 913, 921,
935. 938. 950. 968. S74. 975.
979. 980. 983. 985, 1009, 1013,
1018, 1024, 1031, 1032, 1043,
1049. 1052. 1065, 1086, 1129,
1135. 1137. 1139, 1140, 1145,
11«7. 1155. 1156, 1192
CUT ICAR 256. 346, 422, 424, 524,
910, 973, 1049, 1065
CUT BHEIALS 1156
CLAT SESQOIOIIDES 53
CLATS 738
CLIRATt 399, 1169
C10PRE1 A 60 1145
CLOQOATO SOIL 315
CLOSED STSTEH 390
CLOSTBID1DB 947
CLOTIF 62, 493
CtTP 817
COAL 635
COASTAL PLAIDS 639
COBALT 294
CODISTIIIATION 473, 1C01
COENZTNES 952
COLLEMBOLA 193, 569
COLLOIDS 51, 813
COLOR1HB1P.1 158. 845
COLORIHEtBI MULT SIS 593
COLUMN CRRORATOCRAPHT 811
CONBIHATION 506
COHBOSTION 681
CONETABOLISH 435
COHPLZIBS 757
COMPOSITION 804, 822, 962
COHPOST 682, 741, 742, 143, 888,
904, 1026
COHPOTIR DATA BANELIBG 128
CORPOTIB MODEL 629
COHCESTBATIOB 295
COHCEHTRATIOH FACTOR 543
COHDENSATION 124
COKSAR1E SAUDI 10AH 769
COHJOGATIOH 222, 716, 1095
CONTACT POISOW 402
COITARIRAITS 540
COITARIIITIO* 63
CORTIIOOaS F10» 345
COHTBOL 585. 839
CO»»ECTITI TRAISPOBT EQOATIOI 233
COHYERSIO* 32, 61, 256. 357, 792,
952, 1072
COPPIR 137, 177, 200, 242, 294.
674, 681, 724, 756. 781. 851.
1077
COPPIR NITRATE 847
COPPIR SOLPATB 724. 756
COB* 84, 152, 153, 171, 173, 250,
269, 293, 365, 372. 373. 410.
451. 593, 634, 650, 789. 836,
864, 894, 1053, 1101. 1123
CORN rODDBB 372
CORK HOUR 835
COTOFAK 328, 367, 545
COTTON 50, 59, 142, 215, 379, 480,
493, 552, 559, 836, 956, 1055,
1082
COTTON FIELD 616
COTTCN LINT 1179
COTTCN SEED 59
COTTON STALKS 1055
COTTONSEED 1179
COVER CROP 651
COSS 140
CRABS 119
CBANBERRT BOG 244, 1187
CFEATIOH 607
CREDAZINE 1052
CREEK 1198
CRESCL 378
CRES! 80fl
CRICKETS 396, 402
CRITIRIA 1117
CROP ANALYSIS 692
CROPLAND 382, 1158
CROPS 38, 117, 173, 174, 175, 193,
271, 315, 367, 372, 382, 397,
410, 436. 480. 493, 512, 518,
519, 643, 644, 645, 649, 650,
651, 652, 667, 677, 756, 789.
808, 810, 820, 838, 855, 862,
908, 978, 1036, 1036, 1053, 1098,
1119, 1149, 1188, 1194. 235
CROSS LINKAGE 159
209
-------
CROTOXYPHOS 94
CRUSTACEANS 576
CRYZALIN 580
CUCUMBERS 84. 545, 1010, 1036,
119U
COLICIDAE 887
CULTIVATION 261
CULTURES 1073
CUPFOSAN 724
CUTIN 2*9
CUTHORMS 392, 396, 402
CYANAZINE 95, 96, 973
CYAMAZINE AMIDE 973
CYANOACETAMIDE 285
CYCLIHG 247, 1192
CYCLOATE 3*3, «33, 1012
CYCLODIEHI 132, 484. 695, 1C22
CYCLODIENIS 870
DA UPON 10«, 105, 216, 237, 532,
612, 783, 78», 785, 951, 1088,
1092, 1167
DAL* PON 1089
DALDRIN 92
DASANIT 405
DASANIT SOLFONE 405
DAZOMET 796
DBM 817
DBNPA 285
DBF 68, 751, 8«9
DCA 155, 157, 1009
DCBK 817
DCNA 352, 353, 1085, 1106, 1128
DCPA 8, 118, 1073
DD» 587, 751, 11«2
ODD 68, 186, 254. 255. 357, 358.
359, 403, 57D, 578, 593, 605,
606, 803, 8*9, 989, 990, 1000.
1036, 1037, 1058. 1158, 1169
DDE ^, 61, 68, 132, 150, 209. 231,
254, 255. 356. 403. 434, 578,
605, 649, 695, 712, 751, 790,
792, 843, 890. 914, 989, 990.
992, 1002, 1004, 1014, 1015,
1019, 1036, 1037, 1058, 1142.
1158
DON 68
DDKS 849
DDHO 989
DDOD 1030
CDT 2
38,
92,
142,
188,
247,
298,
398,
1434.
456,
492,
555,
585.
605,
626.
695,
771,
792.
859,
892,
927,
1004
1019
1098
1142
1158
1196
, 10, 12, 15,
43, 44, 45, 61
98, 100, 106,
146, 150, 151
193, 209, 218
254, 255, 289
356. 357. 358
403. 415, 416
437. (143. 450
458. 459, 483
520, 521. 522
561. 565. 570
587. 593, 594
606, 607, 620
647. 649. 669
719, 726, 727
777, 778, 779
820. 824. 829
864, 869, 886
893, 905, 912
942, 989, 992
1010, 1014,
1036, 1037,
1099, 1103,
1145, 1146,
, 1159, 1169,
1197
51, -0, 36, 37,
, €8, 70, 84,
119, 130, 132,
, 156, 186,
. 234, 246,
. 291. 297,
. 359, 370,
, 417, 432,
, 454, 455,
, 484, 491,
. 543. 552.
, 576. 578.
. 597, 600,
, 621, 623,
. 674, 693.
, "5, 751,
, 788, 790,
, 843. 849.
, 687, 890,
, 914, 926,
. 995, 1002,
1015, 1016,
1043, 1053,
1130, 1131,
1148, 1157,
11E6, 1194.
DDTR 1159
CDVP 822
CEACTIVAT10N 496
EZALKYIATION 533, 533, €80, 757
EEAHINATIOS 716
I£CASfiCXTI.»TIC» 680, 1095
DECAY 106, 451
DECHLCHI NATION 310
DECOMPOSITION 7, 27, 101, 154,
155, 156, 157, 159, 201. 210,
221, 234, 240, 253, 254, 285,
306. 324, 329, 353, 376. 379,
384, 385, 390, 418, 429, 430,
436, 453, 466, 470, 472, 488,
512. 523. 524. 531, 533, 544,
560, 592, 612, 612, (13, 658,
659, 666, 682, 684. 688. 722,
746, 747, 750, 766, 194. 796,
797, 798, 805, 814, 820, 821,
822, 834, 847, 859, 670, 873,
888, 904, 905, 906, 947, 951,
983, 984, 985, 1032, 1034, 1062,
1070, 1094, 1107, 1109, 1116,
1125, 1126, 1185, 1193
CECOHPOSITIOH SATES 299
OECO»TAallUTICN 341, 418, 531,
1073
CEETHTUTICH 973
EBP 719
DEPOIIINT 417
DEGRAD1TIOK 1, 2, 3. 7. 8, 15, 33,
35. 36. 37. 41. 43. 44. 45, 47,
48, 66, 66, 77, 78, 85, 94, 95,
96, 97, 101, 104. 115. 118, 130,
131, 132, 134, 137, 141, 148,
152, 159, 167, 169, 170, 172,
180, 181, 186, 189, 190, 195,
198, 202, 203, 205, 212, 214,
218, 219, 223, 225, 227, 234,
240, 2K9, 256, 271, J73, 274,
275, 277, 279, 280, 283, 296,
297, 298, 299, 303, 304, 306,
309, 311, 319, 322, 334, 337,
338, 341, 347, 348, 35€, 360.
DEGRADATION 36«, 376, 378, 379,
384, 385, 397, 405, 409, 429,
435, 443, 448, 450, 453, 470,
471. 482, 491, 492, 494, 506,
507, 507, 508, 510, 519. 523,
524, 526. 534, 542, 556, 557,
559. 561. 564, 572. 575, 577,
585, 587, 588, 589, 606, 607,
610, 621, 622, 625, 643, 653,
657, 665, 670, 674, 675, 677,
680, 688, 691, 69U, 695, 696,
697. 698, 699, 708, 709, 713,
722, 723, 728, 729, 734, 735,
751, 753, 754, 757, 763, 764,
767, 772. 782, 785. 786. 787,
794, 799, 799, 803, 805, 808,
811, 816, 819, 820, 823, 837,
842, 843. 861, 866, 876, 879,
881, 894, 898, 901, 904, 905,
91C, 920, 924, 925, 926, 929,
930, 931, 942, 943. 9UU, 945,
946, 947, 948, 949, 952, 963,
966, 967, 975, 979, 982, 983,
984, 988. 992, 993. 995, 998,
1004, 1009, 1011, 1024, 1029,
1030, 1031, 1033, 1034, 1035,
1049. 1051. 1067, 1071, 1073,
1076, 1079, 1081, 1090, 1093,
1094. 1095, 1102, 1109, 1117.
1120, 1121, 1122, 1126. 1131,
1142, 1144, 1154, 1155, 1156,
1161, 1162, 1163, 1174, 1178,
1180, 1181, 1183, 1190, 1193,
1201
DEGRADATION PRODUCTS 767, 858,
942, 943, 944, 945, 946, 947,
949, 952, 963, 966, 973, 980,
98S, 999, 1079, 1094
DEHAIOGEHATION 435, 533
EEHTERATIOH 435
EEHYtROCHLOBIHATION 313, 990
DEHYDROGENASE 308, 308, 504, 796
DEISOP80PYLATION 973
DEL1UV 476
DEHETHOXTLATION 901
DERETHYLATION 141
DENITRIPICATION 974
DEHITRIFIIIRS 974
DENITROPHENOLS 252
DENSITY 288, 896
DEPOSITION 455
DERIUTinS 912, 1128
DESERT 382
DESHETHYLATION 22
DESOSPTIOH 64, 65, 72, 160, 232,
233, 258, 315, 446, 447, 453,
454, 455, 457, 458, 618, 705,
762, 764, 776, 813, 818, 916,
922, 1000, 1031, 1041, 1087,
1112, 1140, 1155
DZSTMHESIS 1163
DBTBCTIOi IIRIT 173
DETERGENTS 646
DETEEIORATION 116
210
-------
DETEHMIHATIOH 110, 111, 178, 469,
681
DETOX 1198
DETOXIPICATIOH 34, 60, 74, 114,
255, 337, 495, 602, 665, 975,
975, 1082, 1155
DETRITDS 683
OEXOS 276, 502, 503, 745
DHCA 1030
DI-SYSTOR 1049
DIALKYLDlTHIOCAmHATES 505, 969
DIALLATB 979
DIALYSIS 123, 927
DIATOBACEOOS EARTH 1185
DIAZINOH 29, 171, 323, 360, 361,
395, 398, 533. 568, 607, 646,
648, 683, 794, 894. 895, 896,
942, 944, 946, 948, 968, 1029.
106U
OIAZONETHAHE 642, 602
OIAZONItJH 860
DIBERZOPORAR 223
DIBROMIDE 711
DIBROHOACETAHIDE 285
DIBROHOACETIC ACID 285
DIBROHOCHLOROPHOPAM! 972
DIBOTOX 1198
DICAHBA 8, 39, 41, 89, 165. 216,
420, 559, 709, 719, 915, 932.
980, 984, 1138
DICARBOXIIIC ACIDS 767
DICHIOBtjPHBlOXYACITATB 1099
DICHLOBBHIL 97, 177, 206, 216,
832, 840, 859, 977, 1076, 1093,
1095. 1138, 1167, 754
DICHLOPERTHIOH 476
DICHLORAR 1085
DICHLORIDI 782
CICHLOROAHILIHE 125, 157, 536,
859. 1009
tICHLOROBERZAHIDE 27, 1192
DICHLOROSITROARILIRES 353
DICH LORD PHENOL 752
DICHLOROPHEHOLS 472
DICHLOROPHEHOXYACFTAHIDE 104
tICHLOROPHEHOXTACETATE 105, 349,
497. 661
DICHLOHOPHERYL 1192
DICHLOROPROPAHZ 711
DICBLOSOPROPERE 710, 711
CICHLOFPHOP 41, 559, 1088
CICHLOBVOS 354, 522
IICOFOL 605, 649, 771, 820, 820
CICROTOPHOS 94
CIELDRIR 13, 14, 43, 84, 92, 100,
101, 127, 131, 173. 176, 179.
180, 182. 186, 208, 244, 245,
263. 264, 286, 288. 28S, 290,
298, 310, 359, 370, 396, 401,
402, 403, 406, 415, 432, 434.
443, 454, 455. 458, 473, 486,
486, 514, 520, 521. £62, 568.
569, 573, 574, 575, 187, 621,
626, 634, 649, 677, 696, 699,
701, 757, 771, 777, 789, 791,
829, 838, 846, 861, 864, 865.
876, 667, 890, 905, 910, 918,
931, 932, 942, 1001, 1003, 1016,
1022, 1023, 103€, 1037, 1047,
1060, 1064, 1065, 1098, 1145,
1146, 1153, 1158, 1159, 1170,
1174, 1175, 1188, 11S4
EIETHYL 346
tlETim. TR1PHOSPBOR1C ACID 945
tIETHYLERI GLYCOL 301
IIPPtJSIOR 109, 110, 111, 159, 231,
267, 268, 288, 290, -40, 375,
422, 455, 497. 550, 614, 624.
630, 631, 656, 710, £25, 841.
896, 93», 937, 938. 953. 1003
DIPPOSIOH COEPPICIEHT 110, 111,
851, 896
DIPUJSIOR COEJJICIERTS 936
CIPOCOt 417
DIPOBAIE 16, 16
CIPT 1044
IIGZSTITI TRACT 61
EIHYDROCBLCRDIRE-1.3-DICABBOXYLIC
ACID 310
DIHtDROCaLCFDlREDICARBCXYLIC ACID
574, 575
EILAR 789, 791
EILOTIOR 135, 1185
tlHETHIHORAPHTBALHE 702
256. 340. 52*. 525,
607, 740, 820, 926
CIMETHOXOH 256
DIHETHTL 118, 346
DIMETHYL ASSINE 10
DIMETHYL AI5IHIC ACID 536, 539
tlHETBtt PBOSPBAT1 22
IIimHU PBOSfBOSCDIlBIOATI 22
DIHBTH1L PBOSPHORCTHICATE 22
DIMETHYL SULPHATE 642
tlHBTBIL 5-(1-ISOPBOPYl-3-BBTBTL-
PTRAZOLYL-CARBAHATE) 321
OIRETHYLBEMZYL OCTADETL-AHROIIOfl
CHLORIDE 737
DIBEIHYLHEBCORY 863
DIRITR1RIRE 411, 810, 811. 988
DIRITROAIILIRES 615
DIIITBODIABIRE 615
DIKITROPBEIOL 172
DISOEEH 1056
DIIIOSEB 177, 1198
DIOCTADECYL-ABBOHIOB CBLORIDE 737
DIOBETSIC DETE8HIHATIO» 681
DIOXIS 541
OIOXISS 225, 531, 534, 693, 859
DIPBMAHID 449, 709, 845. 938
DIPBIHYL 1131
DIFBIRYL ETBER 888
DIPHIBYLTIH 78
DIPBCLE INTERACTIORS 1135
DIPROPYL 343
DIPTIREX 614
DIPYBIDYlXOn HBRBICIDBS 1190
DIQOAT 93. 216. 248, 372. 413,
414, 424, 546, 551, 831, 1139.
1140, 1182, 1190
DISASPEIFJLHCE 535, 58U. 611, 717.
986
DISEASE 271, 294, 438
tISEASE COHTROL 1111
DISEASE fBCTORS 887
DISinriCTART 40, 475, 681
DISKING 382
tlSPtFSIOH 848, 1076
DISPLACEBERT 231. 372, 549
DISPOSAL 9, 777, 1023
DISSIPATIOR 39, 49, 56. 87, 164,
165. 174. 209. 367, 418. 725.
841. 897, 921, 999. 1024. 1121
DISTILLED VATER 458
DISTRIBUTION 60. 182. 191, 233.
247. 256. 302. 361, 372, 381.
439. 454, 454, 460, 462, 481.
490. 594, 631, 806. 825. 862.
871, 998, 1040, 1041, 1063, 1076,
1110, 1142, 1158, 1196
DISTRIBOTICR COEPPICIERT 447
DISOLPOTOR 340, 524, 525, 626.
722, iooe, loae, ioso
DISYSTOR 272. 971
211
-------
DITCHES 284
DITHANE 69, 675, 1092
DITHIANON 967
DITHIOCARBABATP. 279
DITHIOCASBABIC ACIDS 719
DITHIZOH1 853
DIORON 8, 139. 216, 266, 281. 284.
300, 366, 382, 381, 460, 461.
U65, 488, 496. 532, 553, 617,
660, 662, 663, 670, 709, 762,
765, 776, 854, 868, 926, 935,
1167
DIVALENT 867
CM BO DA 737
DNOC 466, «67
DODECYLAHDIE 737
DOHATOI 335
DOMESTIC WASTES 908
DOSES 153
DOWNWARD HOVEHIRT 372, 139
DP-733 977
DRAINAGE 207, 887
DRAINAGE WATER 767
ORAZOXOLON 118
DRENCH APPLICATION 807
OR I OKI KG »ATBB 926
DRIPLIHE AREA 23tt
DOFF 166
DDHPIHO 703
DOPLITOX 1198
DORSBAN 398, 974
DOST 63, K17
DOST CORTBOL 626
DUSTING 1«, 865
DOTCR BLH 038
DYFOHATE 29, 171, 185, 653, 654
DYHAID 732
DYNAMICS 768
URTR FILLS 909
URTHHOBHS 2X6, 397, 543. 712
BCOSYSTBHS 133, 728
EPFICIERCY 212
BGGPLANT 807
BGGS 543
BGGSHBLL THICKRBSS S«3. 674
EKATOX 1198
ILBAHIl 770
ILECTRICAL RESISTIVITY 932
ZLECTRO CIALYZID 372
ELECTROLYTE SOLOTIOH 851
ELECTBCims 465, 813
ELECTRON 210
BIECTBOH CAPTORE 544, 9SO
ELECT ECU CIPTOR! GAS
CHROBATOGBAfHT 981
ElECTROH-CAPTOBE GAS
CHBODATOGRAPHY 810
ILB«EHIR»Y CYCLES 136
ILB 438, 1171
HLOTIOH 366
BHPRYSBHA 490
EHOLSIOH 387, 850
BSCEPHALITIS 578
ENCRYTBtBIOS 569
EHDODIOL 688
BMDOETREB 688
IRDORYDBOXYETRER 688
EHDOLACTOMI 688
IHDOSOIFAH 297, 330, 331, 5*2,
688, 688. 735, 771, 820, 892, 931
IMDOTRll 812
INDBI* 16, 16. 83. 84, 148, 173,
359, 403, 432, 520, 543, 590,
591, 620, 674, 677, 70C, 702,
771, 786, 787, 789, 791, 9»2,
942, 1036, 1037, 1047, 1159,
1168, 1175, 119K
BRDRII ALCOHOL 83
EKDRII ALDEHYDE 83, 787
ESDRH DELIA RITOIE 83, 787
EIDRIH KBTCRE 83
EMBICRHBNT 391
ERTIBOIHERT1L 1176
IRZYHATIC CLBATA6I 530
IRZYHB 48, 86, 104, 112, 123, 146,
147, 177, 187, 203, 577, 313,
322, 504, 506, 543, 587. 783,
952. 994, 1182, 1190
IRZYH1 COBFLBJ 1071
IHZYHI IRDDCTIOI 585
IRZTHI IRRIBITIOR 1120
IIZYHI SYSIEHS 716
IIZYRIC DBGRADATIOI 1*7
BPISOHAL TBARSFBB 1109
IP» 522
BPOXIDATIO» 132, 695
EPOTIOE 180, 402, 865, 1022
EPTAK 719
EPIC 638, 719, 979
IQOATIOMS 585, 631, 825
IQOILIBHION 159, 160, 233, 455,
550, 905, 922, 1087
IQOILIBRIDH MODEL 1145
EROSION 284, 303, 370, 391, 406,
1105, 1118
ESTER HYDROLYSIS 533
ESTBFASE 260, 322, 1200
ESIEIIFICATIOR 422
ESTESS 349, 354, 719, 981
ISTGIBS 820
ISTOABIRE «ATER 244
ETD 470
ITHARE 2, 156
ETRAROL 156, 642, 669
ETREB 681, 910
ETHEB FISSIOH 533
1THIOH 437
ETHYL ACETATE 469
ETHYL ALCOHOL 257
ETHYI ETHEB 257
ET8YLERE 156, 711
ETBYLERE TRIOOBEA 470
ETRYLERE TRIOBM DISOLFIDE 470
ETHYLERE THIOBAH HOROSDLFIDE 470
ETHYLERE-BIS-DI'HIOCARBAHATBS 470
ETRYLEREBIS 279
ETRYLEREDIAHIRE 969
ZTRYLBRETHIOORBA 969
BTRYLERETHIORtN ROROSOLFIDB 969
ETHYLTHIOHBTOR 820, 1051
BTRYITRICHBTOR SOLFOXIDB 1051
BTIOIOGY 276
ETH 470, 969
BID 470, 969
ET»POF1TIO» 408, «40, 512, 616,
680, 834, 1001, 1048, 1069, 1094
1095 *
ETAPOTBARSPIRATIOR 838
EICHA1GB CAPACITY 321, 913
EICHAVCE BQDILIBBIOH 381
212
-------
ncuioi tuns 83s
ncBBtzoB to
BXfBBTXOB 790
nniCfZOI 257. 33J, 332, 419,
661, 742, 757, 786, 788, 911,
1155, 1166
ricm riujfs 3*8
nuow nm» 1«»
TIM 403
nt 257, 5*3, 1130
Fin 10, 79, 80, 103, 119, 1M,
150, 15*, 222, 317, 381, 436,
•53, 505, 525, 531, 5*2, 513,
583, 586, 587, 590, 591, 616.
654, 674, 723, 778, 812, 88C.
918, 9«9, 10*5, 10*8, 1085, 1154,
1153, 1172
IOTI ICZD 622
kCXBS 372
183, 193, 683, 1103
mi 1057
rm tori 34
nms 3«s, 67«
m sons 11*9
miC 372, 420, 422, 532
ratunoB 200
mxnofnot 1«3. 516, 522
nnuB son, i6i
monor 559
rnSttlOTBXOB 29, 62. 444, 1166
rnrn »c*»n 78
rSMBOV 32*, 304, 465, 760, 761,
960, 1086, 1104, 1138
RSBU 193, 969
RUB imin 305
rmxusBB 443
mtZLIIBU 34, »0, 1*9. 303, 327,
341, 499, 804, 908, 909, 909,
932, 982. 1109. 1195
rxcx's tit 110
nn.0 irnxcuxoi 878
FIBLB CBOH 403
rxBio BicBonoTs 392
mon-tou 467
rXlTUnOB 123. 161, 609, 926,
1014, 1014
rxsB sue 171
IXMIUXMS rxsa 60S
117, 119, 243, 252, 4«8, 543.
571, 576, 674, 693, 719, 735,
fin 735, 753, 1095, 1142. 1186,
1198
nn Buns 1198
nn cms 12, 3*3
nmoi 313
YZUnOI 104, 781, 90S
tun lOHUTlOi 544
ntfOMCTtnoi 949
runs 119
TIX18 402
noooiD sons 53*, 1051
nOODZM 66, 186, 244, 339, 482,
843. 942, 943, 144, 945, 947,
963, 1004, 1051, 1131, 1169, 1193
noovruxf 1198
flOM 498, 683, 1021, 1103
riotisn caoii cnoBitociarn 610
ftOISIt 835
flO« Utl 231, 284
notiBzn runs 684
riOCHOMlXII 411
rtvontoM* K, 141, 149, 233,
316, 366, 367, 446. 447, 618.
619, 661, 662, 901, 93!, 938,
1055, 1138
nOOBBMIt 966
nooBonris 17, 1127
nOBBBOl 966, 967
rtOBrCOt 966
nos 63*
nvi I»I 635
ni 1200
rOODBl 417, 995. 1053
rOlZUB 709, 903, 995
mm irrixcBtioB* 14, ;*«
rcBoros 1029
rOOO 363, 479, 490, 649, 674, 698,
702, 718, 735, 769, 964, 1037,
1099, 1103
rOOB CU»S 10, 119, 392, 436.
527, 543. «74, 728. 104S, 111»
rooo conkBZBktxoB 432
roBiai 810
roBBSt riocB ^
NBBST SOXIS 619, 693, 1058, 1196,
rOBBSIS 5, 7. 70, 246, 307, 517,
561. 618, 819. 886. 1147
rOBUlXB 796
rOBBMXOB 701
rOBBBtmtB 925
tOBIOUTXOI 261
roxtm 839
ronixt BxitR 560. 1039
rBACnOBUXOB 372, 565
119, 649, 952, 1044
CB&BS 119
BOOUIOB 99, 197, 233,
920, 1000, 1041
nsvmixcB toon 258
rBOOS 605
nnt ni 908
OBCBIBDS 1015
271, 291, 593, 724, 756.
903, 977, 1015
ntxts cBors 1103
rOlTXC ftCXB 551
rOUUTB 952
332, 444, 629, 632, 711,
827, 641, 1074
rOBXOtTXOB 394, 630, 682
roBcnoBit oBovrs 1135
roMii cms 112
rncu nsnBS 112
ramu no§» 496
max 6, 112, m, 116, 122, 129,
155, 201, 346, 429, 451, 459,
508, 569, 601, 671, 779, 805,
673, 683, 951. 958, 974, 1011,
1060, 1092, 1097, 1150, 1163
rVMXCXBAl BXCnOtOVXIXTKUinXIBi
353
nrwiciBB 78
fMCICXBBS 34, 48, 116, 172. 173,
184, 190. 191, 229, 241, 2«2.
249, 271, 276, 277, 296, 305,
311, 332, 417, 425, 427, 429.
438. 451. 459. 479. 485, 487,
490, 502, 503, 505. 506. 522.
527, 557. 657, 659, 674, 675,
696, 745, 773, 780, 802. 007.
620, 637. 858. 663. 866, 873.
691, 911. 929, 969, 1026, 1045,
1057, 1066, 1005, 1104, 1106,
1107. 1111, 1125, 1126, 1128,
1136, 1143, 1152, 1154, 1161,
1162, 1176
TCWtS 43, 44. 113, 121. 123. 311,
569, 665, 694. 697, 731, 759.
815, 1074
459
TOUB 225
rOBBC* XBBiatTOB 57
smric soBTicums 656
213
-------
GAMBOSIA ?ISH 119
GAME BIRDS 911
GAMMA HCH 681
GAMMA-CHLOSCANI 403
GAMHA-HEXACHLOBOCYCLOHEXANE 1100
GAMHA-PEHTACHLOROCYCIOHZXAHE 356
GAMMA-PEHTACHLOROCYCLOHEXBHE 208
GARDEN 169
GAS 10, 622, 632, 810
GAS CHRONATOGBAPHr 139, 173, 181,
271, 301, 371, 372, 384, 390,
<»77r 478. 544, S22, 632, 710,
751, 816, 845. 910, 915, 931,
980, 982, 983, 984, 987, 990, 810
CAS LIQUID CHROHATOGRAPHT 1S8,
296, 340, 507, 721, 786, 1003
GAS SATURATION 1000
GAS-HASHING 1003
GASEOOS DIFFOSICN COEFFICIENT 667
GATKON 99«
GEL PI1TBATION 123, 161, 551, 1C14
GENETICS 867, 1109
GEOTHITE 1134
GEOTBICHOH 125
GERHIHATION 545
GILA SILT LOAM 288, 289, 1000,
1003
GLASS 346
GLASS BEADS 917, 990
GLIOCLADIUM 113
GLUCOSE 156, 249, 308, 458, 486,
1051, 1074
GLUCOSIDE 71
GLUTANATE 379
SLYCINB-HM 852, 937
SI, TO If LIC ACID 285
GRAINS 372, 500, 911
SBANOXONE 941, 1133
GRANULAR APPLICATION 80, 1119
GRANULAR BAND APPLICATION 930
3RAH01AR PARIS GREEI 882
SRAHDLBS 387, 749
GRANOLOBITBIC 962
GRAPES 260, 516, 606, 1030
GRASS 23, 152, 178, 266, 284, 372,
748, 873, 966, 1010. 1012. 1084.
1138
GRASSES 552
GRASSLAND 39, 133, 135, 371, 783,
784
GBASSLANC ECOSYSTEMS 135
GRAVEL 1133
GRAVEL BDLCH 372
GREBES 543
GREENHOOSB 66, 84, 496, 7%, 815
GROUND HATER 4, 9, 12. 34, 273,
338, 596, 619, 639, 686, 804,
856, 867, 909, 956, 1198
GROUND HATIRS 1195
GROUNDtATER 4, 100, 574, 856, 867,
956, 1195, 1198
GHOKTB 47, 55, 130, 431, 815, 899,
GBOVTH CHAMBER 66
GROWTH INHIBITION 1111
GS 14254 315
GYPSY ROTH 886
BALI-LIFE 7, 41, 56, 77, 87, 106,
117, 174, 182, 299, 4»3, 471 ,
515, 600, 607, 616, «41, 754,
820, 829, 888, 967, 1048, 1051,
1111, 1116, 1173, 966
BALOGE1 BOND CLEAVAGE 861, 876
BALOGENATIt HYCBOCABBOMS 827
BAY 173
HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS 225, 292
8AZARCOOS MATERIALS 626
BAZABES 225, 292
HCB 184
BCR 552. 1103
BDA 1030
HEALTH 294
BEALTB HAZARDS 674
BEAT 794, 943
HEAVY HEIAIS 34, 200, 294, 443,
535
HBKLOTOI 1198
BEPTICBLOR 80, 84, 92, 117, 179,
180, 181, 186, 251, J72, 359,
395, 397, 398, 402, 403, 432,
434, 454, 455, 458, 484, 620,
621, 634, 651, 652, 677, 712,
73«, 735, 771, 786, 789, 791,
838, 846, 864, £65, 532, 942,
947. 968, 995. 1022, 1060, 1091.
1131, 1159, 1164, 1174
BBPTACHLOR EPOIIOE 92, 251, 301,
HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE 402, 403, U3H
677, 771, 846, 968, 1145, 1146,'
HEPTIHE 931
HERBAM 545
HEBBICIDAL ACTION 152
HERBICIDE 164, 1078
HERBICIDES 5. 7, 8, 12, 17, 18,
19, 20, 24. 26, 32, 34, 39, 41,
46, 47, 55, 57, 64. 66. 67, 74,
79, 81, 85 86, 87, 90, 95, 96.
97, 99, 104, 105, 108, 109, 120,
121, 122, 123. 125, 133, 134,
135, 139, 141, 144, 152, 153,
155, 158, 166, 168, 169. 17ol
173, 178, 19U, 199, 201, 202,
203, 205, 206, 207. 211 212
213, 214, 216, 225. 227. 228,
230, 231, 232, 233, 235, 239.
42 239, 240, 248. 252. 257 266.
275, 277, 281. 282, 284, 287
292, 299, 300, 303. 307. 309.
312, 313, 315, 316. 318. 324,
325, 326, 328, 335, 336, 337,
338, 339. 341, 343, 344. 345,
348, 349, 350, 351. 366, 367,
369, 371, 372, 373, 374, 375,
376, 378, 379. 382, 383, 384,
386. 387, 388, 390. 393, 407!
410, 411, 413, 414, 417, 418.
419, 421, 422, 424, 425, 431.
433, 440, 441, 446, 447, 448.
449, 450, 451. H52. 464, 46s!
467, 469. 471. «72, 477. 478.
480, 488, 493, »9a, 495, 496.
497, 504, 506, 508, 530, 532
533, 534, 539, 540, 541, 545,
546, 548, 549, 550, 551, 553^
559, 571, 580, 581, 582, 587
589, 592, 598, 599, 607, 609.
610, 611, 612. 615, 617, 618
624, 625, 626, 627, 629, 638,
657, 658, 659, 661, 662, 663.
668, 670, 672, 674, 679, 680!
684, 685, 686, 690, 698, 704,
705, 708, 709, 714. 717, 721.
725, 731, 732, 747, 749, 753,
754, 757, 758. 760, 762. 763,
764, 765, 768, 770, 772, 775,
776, 782, 783, 784, 785, 80o!
801, 805, 806, 808, 809, 81o|
811, 812, 814, 815, 816, 817!
818, 819, 820, 823, 826, 831.
832, 834, 837, 839, 840, 84l)
8«2, 845, 854, 855, 868, 870,
872, 877, 878, 879, 880, 897.
901, 904, 906, 908, 915, 921,
922, 924, 932, 933, 934, 935.
936, 937, 938, 939, 940, 952,
954, 960, 975, 977, 979, 98o!
982, 983, 984, 985, 986, 988.
991, 993, 994, 1006, 1009, 1011
1013, 1017, 1018, 1021, 1027.
1032, 1033, 1034, 1035, 1038,
1052, 1055, 1056, 1070, 1076.
1079, 1082, 1083, 1084, 108e!
1089, 1091, 1093, 1094, 1095.
1100, 1101, 1103, 1104, 1107!
1108, 1109, 1110, 1111, 1112|
1113, 1114, 1115, 1117, 1125.
1126, 1131, 1132, 1133, 1134.
1136, 1137, 1138, 1152, 1160.
1165, 1167, 1171, 1180, 1183!
1184, 1187. 1189, 1190, 1195
1202. 126
HERRING 543
HEIACHLOHAN 596
214
-------
HBIiCHLORiRE 779
HEXACHLOBOBERZEm 181, 511, 512,
515, 517, 518, 519, 603, 693,
926, 9«2, 1193
RBIACHLOFOCYCLOHKAR1! 59t|
BBXACHLOtOCYCLOB«ERl 552
HEXICHLOROCYCLOPIRTADIBRB 395
HEXA HE 352, 1003
HEIILORE 108
HEXOSAHIRE 78*
HIGOS1H «75
HIBOSAR 522
HISTORICAL TRERDS 674
BORE YT IRE 211
HOP 260
HORIZORTAL HOVEBERT 930
HORHORBS 5113
HOBTICUiTDBI 236, 1118
ROOSE Tit 649
ROLLS 329
HOBARS 14, 2113, 479, 490, 571,
588, 604, 644, 735. 769. 1059,
1119, 1186
HUNATE 1076
BHHIC ACID 162, 187, 257, 326,
454, 548, 550. 551, 640, 642.
691. 1014, 1017. 1047, 1078,
1145, 1148
BORIC ACIDS 641
HUHIDITY 195, 390, 473, 764, 10C1
HOHOS 70, 105, 144, 159, 160, 161,
197. 239, 242, 288, 345. 349,
350, 384, 396, 427, 457, 517.
546, 561, 592, 690, 691, 731,
808, 812. 813, 826. 839, 917,
927, 941, 943, 945, 1004, 1007,
1017, 1018, 1047, 1052, 1100,
1128
mmns SARI 632
HORGAZIR 768
RYDRATIOR 137
HYDRO QOIRORE 162
HYD80CARBORS 816. 1186
HYDROCHLORIC ACID 160, 544
RYDROGER 196. 210, 544. 60.8
HYDHOGER BORD 642
HYDROGER SORDIDG 137. 210, 927,
1137
RYDROGKR BRIDGE 813
RYDPOLOGY 278. 886
HYDROLYSIS 8, 56. 112. 115, 132,
HYDROLYSIS 1«1, 157, 189, 222,
271, 285, 320, 320. 327, 349,
435, 436, 482, 506, £26, 533,
572, 577, 641, 674, 681, 688,
695, 716, 741, 757, 800, 820,
901, 913, 925. 926, 942, 943,
991, 9«5. 94€. 563, 575. 979.
1024. 1048, 1051, 1075, 1122.
1131, 11J4. 1192
HYDROLYSIS COKTHOL 913
BYDROLYSIS PRCDOCTS 1154
HYDROLYTIC DECBIOHIRATIOI 1182
HTDROPHOBIC 1134
HYDROSPHERE 635
HYDHOXY ATAEZim 189
RYDROIY BERZOIC-ACID 71
BYDROXYA1RAZIKE 336, 331, 975
HYDROIYCHLORDERE 117
BYDROXYL 1078
HYDROXYL GROUP 713
HTDFOm GROOPS 602
BYDROXYL1BIRE DERIVATIVES 719
HYOROXYLHTIOR 114, €80, 820, 1095,
1126
BTOROXYTBXAZIWE 1155, 1155
RYPERTERSICR 490
HYPOTHESIS 925
ULITE 325, 4,58
IBROBILIZATIOR 438, 469
IR VITRO 1120. 1163
1R VIVO 541
mClIVATICR 496. 1055
IRCORPORATIOR DEPTH 721
IHCRDSU1ICR 417
IHCOBATIOR 88, 199, 253, 353. 990.
1074
IRDOSTRIAI CBEBICA1S 566
IRDOSTRI1L EFILOERTS 527, 728,
735, 908
IRDOSTRI1L SASII 908
IRDOSTRIU »IST1 1RBATBER1 626
IKDOSTBI1I RASTES 9, 338, 626, 728
IRDOS18IAL WAltB TREAT8EBT 285
IRODSTRY 9, 225, 285, 292, 360,
418, 586, 566, 626. 698. 733. 996
IWORHATIOS RETRIEVAL SYSTEM 128
IRPHARED ARALYSIS 372
IRFRARID SPECTRA 544
1RPBARED SPECTROPBOTCHITRY 494
IRTRABED SPBCTBOSCOPY 137, 546,
551
IRGESTIOR 693
IRHIEITIOR 55, 66, 260. 617, 796.
1074
IROCOUTIOR 430, 945
IHOEGAMIC HITRITBS 909
IHOPGMIIC SALTS 258
IRSICTICIDE 380, 789
INSECTICIDES 2, 5, 16, 24, 29, 30,
35. 36. DO. 42. 43, 44. 45, 56,
64, 70, 72. 73. 76, 82. 84, 94,
100, 113, 114, 115, 132, 138,
115, 146, 163, 167, 171, 173,
174, 175, 179, 180, 182, 188,
195, 197, 208, 209, 220, 234,
251, 256, 260, 261, 262, 264,
270, 272, 288, 289, 298, 301,
304. 306, 314, 320, 321. 322,
330, 340, 342, 346, 347, 354,
356, 359, 360. 361, 363, 365,
366, 368, 370, 375, 376, 392,
394, 396, 397, 398, 399, 400,
401, 402, 403, 404, 409, 417,
424, 425, 428, 432, 434, 435,
437, 444, 459, 468, 473, 476,
479, 481, 482, 486, 500, 501,
506, 524, 525, 531, 535, 542,
543, 554, 562, 566, 568, 574,
576, 577, 587, 588, 590, 591,
595, 600, 604, 614, 620, 620,
623, 626, 628, 645, 647, 649,
650, 651, 653, 654, 665, 666.
674, 676, 677, 678, 683, 694,
695, 698, 700, 716, 722, 726,
727, 730, 734, 735, 740, 746,
748, 750, 759, 766, 770, 771,
786, 787, 788, 790, 791, 794,
799, 820, 821, 822, 824, 837,
843, 857, 865, 884, 885, 887,
892, 898, 906, 912, 914, 916,
930, 931, 942, 942, 943, 944,
953, 968, 974, 989, 992, 997,
1000, 1002, 1003, 1008, 1019,
1022, 1024, 1029, 1036, 1043,
1044, 1046, 1050, 1051, 1058,
1064, 1069, 1070, 1075, 1080,
1081, 1090, 1104. 1105, 1121,
1122, 1124, 1130, 1131, 1147,
1149, 1157, 1160, 1168, 1170,
1177. 1185, 1186, 1188, 1191.
1193, 1199, 1200
IRSECTICIDE5 DIETHYLTHIOIHOSPHORIC
ACID 189
IRSECTS 15, 183. 220, 394, 396,
399, 402, 444, 566, 578, 586.
604, 683, 716, 861, 876, 887,
925, 930, 1064, 1119
IHTERACTIOR 91
INTEFCON VERSION 1163
IHTRAP1RTICLE DIFPOSIOR 550
IROROH 1115
ItHEmSB 104
INVERTEBRATES 247, 569
IODIDE 681
IQS 137, 160, 265
IOR EXCRARGE 159, 160, 162, 188,
210, 322, 326, 804, 927, 1135
215
-------
IOR BX CHARGE HIS lit It
IOR-DIPOLB 137, 210, 813
IONIC COHPOORDS 1141
IORIC STBBRGTH ««S, 113*
IORISID PESTICIDES 5(7
IORIUBILITT 1135
lOHIIkTIOR 810
IOXTRIL 1088. 1089
IPC 8, 203, 7*7
ISOR 2. 52, 137. 177, 2»2. 29*.
828
»0* HYDROXIDES ««2
IBBADI1TIOR 223, »27, 561, 586,
966
imttTIO* 16, !7, 59. 105, 153,
208, 26*. «37, »39, »*8. »80.
•85, 552, 568. 598. 855, 9C9,
91S. 915, 933, 976, 1012, 1179
IBBIUtlOR RXLLBT 721
IBBIttTIOB WTJB 669
mxeinoR IITBRS 736
ISOBBRIJLR 1064
ISOBOTtBfclDBBTDt 156
1SOCIL 216, 328, 388
XSODBXR 173. 789. 791
ISOLU 321
IS01MIOR 9*3
isoanmtxoB 88. in, sis
XSOHBtS 223. 389. 511. 512. 536.
713, 791, 100«, 1037
ISOPROPillR 411, 897
ISOPKPYt R-PRSfYLClBBiaUB 203
ISOPBOPTl-R-3-CBIOlOPBBm
CUBUkXBS 212. 708. 770
ISOTUIC BB1T 6*2
isornns 7«4, 938. 1000
ISOTOPES 136
ISOTOPIC IMBllIBS 728
ISOX1IOLORB »8
UOLIB
-------
BMIBIUI 177. 196. 281. 294, 7S2.
813. 826
UBBBSZQB OXZB-B 792
UIIB 17*. 493. 1202
R1XSB-B 17S
BlUOXOB 22
RiuRzi. s«3, 674
UUTB 952
RUlTBXOa 3, 22. 137. 173. 189,
195. 322. 500, 533, 577. 626,
67». 697, 730, 759. 777, 798,
881. 887. 926, 1024, 1120, 1122
UUTBXOB DZkCZD 22
HkunxoB BxckiBonuc ncxo 1121
BkUTBIOB HUV-BSTBR 1121
ULkfRZOR BOROkCID 22, 533
BkLBIC BYORklZOI «30
BkLZHXC 1CID 902
BkLOlkR 367
BkBRkLZkR PBUB1COL06T 1045
BkRflkLZkR TOIICOIOGI 10*5
BkBfliLS 78, 271. 279, 310, »»*,
522. 571. 566. 60*. 861, 876.
925. 1177
UBCOBBB 69
UBDUZBS 553
UBBB *70. *8S, 9<9
UB8UB3B 177, 29* , *8S
UMkBOOS IOWS 952
BUOD 3*. 1*0. «91. 100*
BkRXRE BIOLOGY 130
RkKXRB PBYTOPLkBRTOB 12, 218
BkBSR 335. «63
RkSS FLO* 939
BkSS SPBCTBOSCOPY 665
HISS IRkVSPZB 637, 825
RkSS TBUSPORT «61
RkTHBHkTICkL BOBIl 232, *«6. *«7,
632. 633, 832, 83*. 923, 10*1
UTRBBkTXCkl TBIORT 656
BCP 780
RCPk 299, 324, 325, 559. 1088,
1089. 1167
BCPB 559
BCPC1 817
BBC1BSOH 145
BBCBUZSH 107, 210. 5*7. 1109,
1155
IBCOPIOP 1088
OCOPlOf 1089
BBLtBZn 1136
nuBzn Dnzvinns 1136
•ntni 110*
UBBItn 177
1BBUOB 1008
BBOBU 566. 820
•BlC»»IODZntBtJl 925
UBCIMOUUSZIB 781
UBCK SZIZU «tl 669
BBB.COBZC CBLOBIOJ 913
R1ICQ1T 3*. 37, 51. 229, 29*. 308,
*7*. OS. «87, S27. 1ST, 635,
67*. 698, 720, 733. 735. 7S5.
781. 803. 862. 863. (73. 889.
903. 911. 919, 970, 978, 999.
1072
BnCQBl IZCBLOIZ&I 970
BBUCtJH CBIOBZDB 8*7. 8«3
BBBCQBT P01SOBIIO 635
BBBCOB1 BHBBYIOB 911
BIBCOB1 203 8(3
BBtlBOtZC nABSFOIBlTZCIS 757
I, 3V1, 313, BU«. 013. 0»3,
I, 665. 66«. 675. C«C. i9S,
I, 701, 716, 719, 759, 766,
I. 81*. 8C7. «91, 901. 906,
925, 930. 9*5, 973. 997. 1030,
10*5. 1C67. 1068, 1079, 1085,
1126. .1132, 1163, 1182, 118*
780
925.
10*5
UllBOUtB 337
Bmecims 22, 66. 98. in, 119,
1*3. 1*5. 156, 185. 191. 217,
2*0. 256, 310, 312, 3*6, «22,
• 86. 526. 52). 53*. 562. 57*.
575, 576. 587, (0*. 60S, 695,
700. 751. 7S«, 830. C31, 832.
8*3, 8*9. 880, 891. 925, 9««.
9*5. 9*6. 973, S88. IOC*. 103*,
1035, 1048, 10*9, 1051, 1079.
1085, 10(5, 11*2, 1159
BBTIBOHSXS 1075
BtTIBRCBOBCT 1**
BBTHSOSISTOX 678
BBT111IC BBtCDII 37
BmiS 136. 3*1, *99, 756. 781,
80*, 96*, 119*
BRiPBOS (3, 798, 799
RBTH1BIIS1BIIZOROR 2!2
BBTBtCBlOltBBBPBOP 572
BMBUB 62«, 9*7
BBtHWOt 156
BttBZVUBIOB 319, 366
925
189
BBtBOBTl 398, *09. 566
ntBCXRHlOB 186, 265, *06. »17.
67*. 82*. M7, 692. 9*2. 9*7,
1131, 11*5
BBfBOIRBZlBZBB 1155
BBTHtL «22
anaii. CTIBZDB 966
ntan. BIMOHBI $81, 9>8
BBTBH PillTBZOB 63, 66, 626. 798
1BTHIL 2-BIBSZBZDlIOLBClBBlfllTI
«27, 858
BBTBH.»SZBB 217
BBtBtUTI 1162
BBTBTtttZOB 3*. 372. 527. ««2.
1163
UniLBBOBIDl €82
BBTBTLCiRBkBKB *22. 506, 510,
526. 1075
BBTRTLBVt BLOB 1129
RBTBII.BBBCORT 3*. 863
BBTHnOIIDB BlTRtCTZOM 810
RBnilTBZOfRZlIZIB 1155
RBTOEBOBOBOR 366, 367. 901, 1079
RBTRIBOSZB 471
BBTOBZB 601
HBTIBPROS 9*
HBUCUBITt 693. 716
RXCS 2, 522
HlCaC-HOTS 372
RZCBOBBS 3*. 157. 169. 219. 337.
3*7. *30, 482, 610, 613, 701,
73*. 837. 906. 9*3. 1163
RZCBOBUl kCTZVITY 320, *72. 79*.
902, 920, 962
BICBOBUL COBVBRS10B 505
HICBOBH1 DSCORPOSITIOB 98*
glCBOBIil DBGRkDiTZOR 530
RICBOBXIL OBTOZiriCkTIOR 663
BZCBOBIkt, l?IBCt 777
RICBOBXIl HOTRXBRT BROTRS 709
BICJOBtOLOGICJU. ICtZTITT 8*2
217
-------
MICROBIOLOGY 35, 36, 87, 116, 213,
«29, 532, 561, 691, 908, 921,
983, 1011, 1072
HICHOCALOBIHETBY 113
KC8OCLIHATE 25
HICROPLOBA 67, 7U, 86, 253, 328,
503, SOU, 724. 131, 731, 732,
739, 794, 815, 8
-------
NITRIFICATION RATE 1089
NITRITE 69, »1fl, 860, 963
KITHO GROUPS 812
HIIRO REDUCTION 945
JITRO-GROOP REDUCTION 942
NITROANILINES 353
NITROFEN 17, 719, 817
NITROFOR 545
NITROGEN 34, 36, US, 77, 91, 10M,
104. 105. 1U9, 177, 193, 608,
810, 932, 972, 1074
NITROGEN COMPOUNDS 927
NITROGEN CTC1E 905
NITROGEN DIOXIDE 963
NITROGEN GAS 1003
NITROGEN ORGANIC SYSTEMIC
INSECTICIDES 321
NITROGEN OXIDES 544
NITROGEN UTILIZATION 775
NITROPHENOL 943, 948, 963
NOCARDIA 782
NOGOS 821
NONACHLOR 395
NONIONIZED HERBICIDE MOLECULES 239
NOREA 662
NUCLEAR TECHNIQUES 733
NUCLEIC ACID 257
NUCLEOPHTLLIC REACTION 222
NUTRIENT CYCLING 683
NUTRIENTS 17, 385, 391, 853, 907,
932, 1114, 1118
HOTS EDGE 704
NYMPHS 396
0-DESMETHYL BALATHION 1121
0,0-DIETHYL S-(E1HYLTHIO) METHYL
PHOSPHORODITHIOATE 321
OAK 41
OAK BRUSH HI
OATS 153, 373, 37U. 410, 090, 493.
U96, 534. 593, 758, 775, 789,
897, 960, 1053, 1202
OATS-H 449
OCCURRENCE 98, 371, 588
OCEAN 12
OILS 257, 1490
OLD FIELD ECOSYSTEM 683
ORANGES 553, 756
ORCHARDS 21, 139, Hit, 403. 555,
605. 724, 756
ORGANIC CHINICALS «13, 414, 637,
825, 927, 1014, 1061
ORGANIC FERTILIZERS 961
CRGANIC HERBICIDES 252
ORGANIC HATTER 2», 33, 53, 162,
199, 288, 292. 321, 327, »12,
463. 556, 608, 630, 600, 660,
682, 800, 801. 835. £39, 892,
916, 922, 924, 945, 956, 968,
991. 1004. 1014, 1017. 1024.
1027, 1032, 1033. 10«9, 1135,
1155, 1193
ORGANIC PESTICIDES 6, 735, 1086
ORGANIC PHOSPHATES 728
CRGANIC SCILS 319, 693
CRGANIC TDRBIt HATTER 1105
ORGANO-TOXICANTS 4
CRGAN01RSINIC 305
ORGANOCHLORINI 594, 600, 620, 719,
942, 1045, 1131
ORGANOCHLOEINE HERBICICES 39
CRGANOCHLCRINE INSECTICIDE
RESIDUES 404
ORGANOCHLORINI INSECTICIDES 24.
30, 146, 186, 301, 304, 401, 402.
43U, 437. 576. 590, 591. S77.
712, 771. 790, 664, 512, 989,
1063, 1194
CRGANOCHLCRINI PESTICIDES 173.
457, 512, 515, 519, !2C, 621,
779, 1037, 1047, 1188, 1198
ORGANOPHOSPHATES
ORGAIOPHOSEHOATES 1122
412
CRGANOCHLCSINES 12, 58, 189. 209,
288, 341, 397, 443. !8i, 586,
587, 693, 1002, 1130, 1142
CRGANCCHLOFINIS INSECTICIDES 179,
473
ORGANOCHLORINES PESTICIDES 511
CRGANCCHLOFINIC 837
CRGANOCLAY 189. 738
ORGANOCLAYS 546, 737
ORGANOMERCORIALS 229, 527, 698
CRGANONERCURY FUNGICIDES 557. 820
CRGANOHETALLICS 292. 862
CRGANOfRORUS INSECTICIDES 403
CRGANOtHOSFHAT! INSECTICIDES 506
ORGANOPROSPRATES 34, 132. 173,
279, 297, 397, 444, 583, 607,
650. 653. 674, 695. 698. 837.
870, 942, 997, 1131. 1142
ORGANCERCStRATES INSECTICItES 29
ORGANOPRGSPHORDS 63, 525, 798,
1045, 1060
CRGANOPROSPHORUS INSECTICIDES 16,
14!, 165, 189, 220, 361. 476,
654, 740, 746, 759, 821, 916,
943, 1121, 1123
ORGANOPHOSFHORUS PESTICIDES 3, 63,
692, 799, 1198
ORGANOTOXICANT PESTICIDES 28
ORIGIN 103
ORNAMENTAL 271
ORTHPHOSPHATI 327
ORYZALIN 411
OTERLAND FLOS 7
OXALIC ACID 285
OXIDASE 123
OXIDATION 112, 132. 222, 253, 435,
450, 470, 533, 559, 574, 616.
695. 830, 831, 859. 875, 876.
1048, 1051, 1074, 1126, 1144,
1182
OXIDATION HETABOLISH 674
OXIDATIYE N-DEHETHYLATION 716
CXIDC REDDCTASE 308
OXIHI 1031
CXISOL 1189
OXYCASBOXIN 191
OXYGEN 34, 549, 859, 1074, 1128.
1128
OXYGENASE 313
OYSTEFS 543
OZONIZATION 926
P AMINOPHENOL 189
F-KITROPHENOL 945
PACKING 626
PADDIES 331. 472, 511, 518, 607,
677, 794, 817, 914, 944, 946,
1048, 1050, 1051
PADDY SOIL 192
FANOGEN PX 911
PANOGEN 15 911
PARA CHLOHOPHEHYLHETHY1CARBAHATE
505
PARAQUAT 47, 93, 159. 160. 161.
162, 169. 170, 216, 228, 32«,
37i, 413, 414, 424, 546, 551,
705, 782, 783, 830. 644. 845.
932, 1023, 1133, 1138. 1139,
1140. 1167. 1181, 1182. 1190
PARAQUAT HERBICIDE 686
219
-------
UMTHIOI 3, 68, 171, 193, 196,
198, 279, 297, 3»fi, 3*7, 459,
«62, 522, 5«2, 96$, 607, 626,
628, 6«6, 6*7, 6*8, 67*, 736,
7«8, 795, 797, 916, 917, 9«2,
9*3, 9*5, 9*8, 9*9, 963, 1020,
10*2, 1129, 1177, 1191
PABATBIOB DMI »DmC« 189
PUIBOt 866
PISSIEY «7t
PtBTICLE SIZE 892
PUTICU SIZE OISTSIBWIOS 690
PtSTOBE-BlBSBLlBO 59
PtSTOBSS 13*, 7*8, 862
P1TBI1TS 312, 523, 9*5, 953
P1TOUB 367
PCI 608
PCB 223, 369, 996
PCC 676
PCCH 208, 209
PCW 184, 1106, 1128
PCP 522, 59«, 595, 607, 617, 859,
1027, 1131
PUCIBS 977
PE1BOTS 329, 5*3
PItS 230, «87, 617, 7*5, 1008
PZ1SID1S! 123
PI1T 90, 163, 2»«, 3*6, 351, 632,
682, 76*, 872, 917, 1029, 1033,
1065, 1133
PUT-BOO 613
PUTT S1BD 632
mTXSS 293
tlSOUTE 3*3, 897, 979
PECIH 2*9
PZBETI1TIOB 207, 366, *62, 596,
6*5, 672, 7*8, 976, 1005, 109*
rasa oi BS 5*3
PBBTACBlOBOCTCtOBUUB 789
(BBTaCBLOSOBXTBOBBBZEBB 18*, *17
PBSTICBLOIOPBESOI 560, 1027, 1132
HSTlCinOtOTBXimXSS 1128
ramcgtoBonxmsoii 1120
PEPPOS 807
PEPTXDBS 691
PSPTOtl 107*
PBBCOIATIOB 265, 3*7, *06, 909
PS1POSIOB 21*
FBBBStBXlXn 177, 939
moxxsist 123, 125
PBBOIIDATXC 12*
mSISlZSCI 1,9, 16, 3«, 36, 56,
59, 60, a, 76, 92, 119, 1*3,
1«i, 152, 163, 16«, 165, 173,
180, 162, 193, 203, 20*, 205,
206, 207, 208, 225, 2*C, 252,
256. 259, 272, 260, 307, 316,
319, 320, 323, 32«, 331, 3*3,
359, 361, 369, 371, 360, 382,
387, 392, 39«, 397, «01, «02,
•05, «10, *17, «18, *25, *28,
•30, «31, *32, *«3, «««, »52,
• 59, «68, »60, *82, 483, 500,
506, 510, 512, 515, 518, 526,
530, 531, 532, !3«, !3«, 537,
5*0, 543, 5*5, 949, 55«, 555,
564, 575, 579, 56*, «8«, 588,
592, 611, 619, 627, 629, 6*6,
6*6, 650, 662, 663, 671, 672,
67», 660, 693, 719, 719, 721,
735, 736, 7*0, 7*5, 748, 757,
758, 760, 789, 795, 798, 602r
807, 610, 817, 820, 822, 623,
837, 852, 856, 865, (6(, 870,
878, 885, 887, 890, 89(, 897,
903, 905, 921, 929, 931, 9**,
9*5, 9*9, 952, «5*, 957, 962,
971, 976, 987, 99', 1007, 1013,
1019, 1020, 1022, :029, 1050,
1060, 1060, 1063, 106*, 1081,
1066, 1089, 1096, 1103, 1111,
1116, 112*, 1127, 1126, 1131,
1138, 11*2, 1147, 1149, 1150,
11S7, 1164, 11«7, 1173, 1174,
1175, 1177, 1179, 1183, 1186,
1167, 1166, 1196, 1201
PEST COBTBOL 866
PSSTXCIOI 552, 6*1
PESTICIDES 1,2,*, 5, 6, 8, 9,
10, 11, 12, 1», 23, 2«, 25, 26,
3«, «6, «9, 50, 63, 65, 66, 82,
6*, 91, 102, 103, 107, 112, 12*,
127, 126, 130, 132, 1*7, 1*9,
173, 176, 189, 193, 19«, 206,
210, 217, 219, 221, 222, 224,
225, 226, 236, 2*3, 2*9, 250,
252, 273, 279, 283, 289, 292,
295, 296, 302, 303, 30!, 320,
332, 3*0, 3*5, 356, 362, 363,
36«, 366, 366, 370, 372, 375,
376, 361, 391, *06, *08, *12,
•15, »19, «20, «22, 423, 42*,
*2S, *26, *36, «39, *«3, *SO,
(53, *54, 45!, 456, 451, 460,
»61, 475, 476, 479, 484, 499,
506, 507, 511, 512, !1S, 516,
522, 529, 533, 535, 536, 539,
543, 544, 547, 556, !5C, 563,
567, 583. 584, 58'5. 587, 566,
594, 596, 597, 603, 607, 613,
614, 619, 621, 622, 626, 629,
633, 634, 636, 639, 640, 643,
644, 647, 655, 660, 669, 673,
674, 683, 687, 689, 692, 693,
693, 706, 711, 715, 718, 719,
723, 724, 728, 729, 733, 735,
73», 752, 756, 757, 761, 769,
777, 778, 779, 793, 796, 798,
799, 802, 604, 813, 620, 825,
629, 630, 633, 836, (37, 846,
848, 850, 856, 859, 662, 870,
876, 881, 682, 866, (67, 690,
692, 894, 896, 902, 905, 906,
907, 906, 909, 917, 916, 926,
927, 932, 955, 956, 962, 967,
995, 996, 996, 999, 1001, 1005.
1010, 1016, 1023, 1028, 1031,
1037, 1045, 1047, 1060, 1061,
PESTICIDES 1066, 1071, 1074, 1067,
1092, 1096, 1096, 1099, 1103,
1104,1105, 1118, 1119, 1131 i
1135, 1141, 1142, 1146, 1148,
1151, 1152, 1155, 1156, 1158,
1159, 1160, 1169, 1172, 1173,
1176, 1176, 1179, 1181, 1194,
1195, 1198 '
PESTICIDES
IBTIOLIOB 691
51*
PBTlOtEOB ETBSB 681
PFPS 571
PB 66, 123, 15*, 174, 194, 196,
196, 258, 285, 295, 315, 320,
337, 372, 379, «18, 420, ««2*
454, »57, 456, 463, 577, 601 1
607, 608, 6*1, 660, 677, 686,
690, 738, 7*3, 779, 787, 792*
799, 800, 826, 835, 641, S«7,
921, 927, 932, 943, 972, 99o!
1024, 1027, 1026, 1047, 1066,
1122, 1136, 1137, 1155, 1189
miBACOlOOY 644
PREBOBIBZOIOE 300
PBBBOI 252, 320, 587, 659, 691,
713, 738, 946. 952, 1129, 11«2
JBBBOIIC 71, 642
PBEBOXXDE 626
FBSBOXt tUMOXC 1CXD8 666
PBBBOXT BS1BICIDES 41, 952
PBEBOXIICBTHE ACIDS 548, 1099
PBXBOXT1CETIC KID 284
PBBBOmCITXC ICXDS 252, 659, 736
PBEBOXTIIXIBOITBS 1182, 1183
FBSSCXTBOTTIMS 559
PBBBOXIETBtBOtS 760
IBBBTHIOMI 661
PBBBH 277, 532
PBBBTL ETBIB 626
PBBBH, BE1COEXC 1CITUB 308
PBEBIt OBB1 901
PBSBmCBTXC Id OS 957
PREBTUBIDES 1125, 1126
PBSBTLlBXtXDBS 1183
PBEBtLCllBUITI 203
FBSSTLatSmTSS 506, 670,
PBBBTLHBBCOSIC 1CST1TS 51,803,
PBBBTlOBEl 424, 613, 870, 1182
PBOB1TB 28, 163, 171, 220, 397.
626, 650, 722, 730, 864, 930,
968, 1029, 1064, 1123, 1124
PBOBMB SOLPOBB 650, 930
220
-------
PBOBKB soirozzDB 930
paosttiB 1*3, 321
PROSHIT 719
taospBiaiDi «3
nOSMUZDOB 94, 926, 1102
IBOSPB1TISB (83
nOSVBUBS 217, 303, 327, 535, 136
IBOSPBIBB 436, 436
BBOspBOBonooBZotTB 112
JBOSPBOBOBBTBYl 01TCIBB 1084
IBOSPBOBOTBIOITZ 08*, 085
H08HOBZC ICItS 681
CBOBMOBODZTBXUTB IBSBCtZCZOB 577
fBOSBBOBOTBZOltl 084, 085
nosnOIOS 62, 91, 105, 293, 327,
932, 972
IBOSPHOB08 32 647
nOTO lUCLBOPBIlIC 224
IBOTO SBBSITIZZBS 673
SBOTOILDBXB 562
PHOTOILTBBITXOBS 861, 876
HOTOCBBBICftl 111BB1TI000XC 876
PBOTOCBBBICIL UTBBHZOBS 861
PBOTOCBBBICll OSXUTIOB 861
PBOTOCBBB1STII 859
BBOIODBCBLOIIBHIOB 587
MOTODBCOBPOSITIOB 78, 87, 135,
223, 934, 757, 842, 059
IBOta>BOB»e»TIOB 674, 1048
PSOTODIBIDBIB S62, 573, 575, 649,
701
nOTODZBBBZZlTZOB 861, 876
PBOCOBLSCTBIC CklOBZBBBT 63
IBOfOBTDBMBBktXOB 310
PBOTOXSOBtBIZmOB 310, 507
nOTOlTSZS 680, 811, 1181
raOTOBBTBl 477
PBOTOBBOOCTIOB 861, 876
IBOT08TBTBBSZS 12
PBOIIB 444, 444
PBTBILATBS 8, 726
PBTBUZBXP1 ClPtlB 279
PBTBU.OPBOS 719
PBICOBICBtBS 36
IBTTOPBTBOU 70
PBYTOPUBKTOB 218
mrOlOXICITT 153, 165, 213, 216.
230. 282, 300, 315, 441, 538,
579, 599, 617, 638, 72!, 737,
772, 809, 8S2. 868, 520. 921.
928, 961, 977. 1006, 1100, 1111
fZ-BOBtXBG 210
PZCOlZBftBICZ 831
IXCOIIBXC Kit 284
FX«m» 1055
PIPBBCIH BUTOSXDB 674
PXBZBZPBOS 394
PUXBPXBID 31 ID 647
II.1ZBS 568
FLlBftfXB 545
PUBKTOBS 543, 719
FUBT 552
PUBt M1BOBBI3 34
n.ui soirtcBS 1005
FL1BTS 369
PUBTS 20. 42, 60. 62, 78, 89, 94,
130, 136, 139, 140, 143, 150,
175, 18«, 191, 202, 215, 230,
259, 269, 270, 271, 281. 294,
303, 30$, 310, 317, 229. 348,
353, 361. 366. 372, 401, 425,
435, 436, 451, 474, 481, 490,
490, 511. 514. 521, !32. 534,
545, 559, 562, 566, 569. 574,
575, 583, 516, 587. «88, 590,
591. 593. 595, 598, 604, 626,
663, 668, 671, 677, 682, 683,
684, 716. 73S, 748. 751. 753,
755. 756, 758, 761, 767, 769,
779, 793, 795. 807, 810, 814,
835, 862, 864, 891, 910, 925,
954, 958, 971. 995. 1018, 1029,
1030, 1030, 1033, 1034, 1039,
1037, 1059, 1063, 1069, 1091,
1093, 1095, 1096, 1098, 1099,
1110, 1112. 1113. 1114, 1115,
1117, 1118, 1127, 1137, 1149,
1167, 1174
(UBTVIK 191
niSTZCXSEBS 728
flOfllQ OfBB 779
POt COITIOt 178
PODZOL 104, 242. 339, 600, 613
MZSOBZB8 60
(OLlBOaBmXC 285
fOLI CBlOBfZBIBI 565
POLTC1BB1BXBB 719, 1104
POITCB10BZBITBD BZPBBBTL IBOttOB
1254 309
POLTCBIOBZBITBD BIPBBBTIS 173.
483, 757. 837, 996
POIYCBLOBOPZBBBB 594, 595
POLTBtBS 81, 159, 160, 162, 292,
S<4, 691
POltSiCCBillWS 257, 257, 691
POBDS 14, 142, 263. 264, 730. 909
POliSIlZC 827
tOtt SZZI 923
POtt flTH f BLOC ITT 231, 233, 446
POBODS 110, 710
POBOOS BBDX1 923, 1087
POBOOS HIDIOB 375
POTASSXOB 105. 177. 196. 240. 293.
294, 349. 813, 826, 972
POtlSSIOB 1IIDB 841
POUSSXBB OIBJTHTI
PBOSPBOBODITBI01TB -4121
POUSSIOB IIBBTBTl
PBOSPBOBOIBIOITB 1121
POHSSXOB BTDBOZIDB 681, 787
POUSSIOB SILT 1121
POT1TO 78
POT1TOBS 49, 144, 260. 269, 200,
417, 562, 573, 593. 595, 650.
77C, 774, 779, 865, 1010, 1053,
1194
POttID SOU 951
POBOBB SPHlt 417
POBOBBBD ZZBC 2
PI1IBIB SOILS 349, 350, 903. 906
PBBCIPITITIOB 004, 958
PBBDITOB COBTBOt 60
PBBfSBOL 339
PBOCBSSIBQ I1STBS 34
PBODOCTIOB 870
PBOBBTOBB 216, 266, 326, 801, 938.
1136, 1139, 1140, 1155
PBOBRBTBB 18, 90, 144, 149, 233,
326, 326, 366, 382, 480. 661.
662, 663, 685, 731, 764, 770,
817, 872, 938, 976, 994, 1107,
1136, 11S5
PBOBUIDB 1115. 1116
PBOP1CBIOB 87, 173, 749, 839, 894.
895, 896, 1138
122, 155, 157. 150. 192.
221
-------
PROP MIL 422, 463, 537, 859, 860,
1131
PROPAZIME 90, 293, 417, »17, 617,
800, 868, 872, 1155
PROPHAH 8, 281, 422, 835, 8S9,
1126
PROPIHEB 522
PROPIOHALDEHYDI 49
PROPIORANILIDE 870
PROPIONIC ACID 572
PROPOIOR 925
PROPYL 842
PROSO BI11BT 1039
PROTEIN 257
PROTEIHAS! 783, 78a
PHOTOLYSIS 738
fROTONATION 210, 813, 858, 1155,
1189
FROXIMPRAH 281, 384
PRONE 260
fSEUDOHOMAOS 347
PSTRAHIN 1032
PU HP KINS 271
PDHIFICATIOH 322, 926
EOTIPHOS 719
PYRAHIN 372, 617, 868, 994
PYRAMINE 659
PYRANIC ACID AHIIIDE 1126
PTRAZOR 240, 589, 659, 714, 1032,
1034, 10J5
PYRA20N-DEGRADING BACTERIA 200
PTRETHRUB 674, 887
PTRICHOE 1138
PTRIDAZINOHZ 704, 879
PYRIDIHB 284, 686
PYRIDINITRILE 967
PYRIMIDINI 253
PYBO PHOSPHATE 327
PYROCATBCHOL DERIVATIVE 659
PYROZOKE 812
PYTHIDII 276
ODIMIZARIN 257
QOIHONES 891
QOINTOZENE 1111
R-7465 897
BAPIO CHROBATCGRAIHI 187
RADIO BBSPIROBZTRY 187
RADIOACTIVITY 256, 372, 467, 562,
573, 574, 667, 848, 889, 910,
947. 988
B1DIOASSA1S 667
RADIOCHERICAL AIA1YSIS 980
BADIONCOlItES 647
RADIOTRACHRS 130. 1030
SAOISHZS 174, 1036, 1149
RAI« TALI 669
BAIHTALL 19, 134, 182, 235, 261,
315, 371, 383, 542, 721, 753.
766, 808, 855, 940, 1044, 106S,
1082, 1173
BAHGE1AMD 135, 933
BAPHATOX 467
BAT 719
BATE 159, 174,-288, 269, 350, 353,
384, 466, 493. 587. 672, 938.
970, 999, 1005, 1082, 1083, 1128,
1188
BATE COHSTANTS 550
BATE OF 10SS 1060
BATS 229, 252, 269, 444
BEACTlCN FBODDCTS 310, 575, 794,
876
REACTIONS 608, 665, 859, 1141
BECOVER1 309
BECRYS1AILIZATION 811
RECYCLING 588
BED SCIl 743
BED SFBDCZ 183
REDISTRIBUTION 1112
BEDROOT FIGWEIE 580
SEDUCTION 112, 222, 418, 435, 533,
651, 780, 813, 842, S7C, 1051
REDUCTIVE DECHIORINATICH 472, 942
BEfOBESTFATION 5
BEPOSI 904
EEGIRA HEAVY ClAY 980
BEG01ATION 368, 676, 1194
RELATIVE HOHIDITT 1S8, 7«4
BELEAS1 449, 454, 935
BEBOVAl 372, 418, 435, 652
BERDZIKA 253
BEPRODOCTION 836
BESERVCIRS 28, 59, 218, 1104
RESIDOE 27, 380, 518, 692, 930,
986
RESIDUES «r 6, 7, 12, 21. 29. 31,
32, 38, II' «, 50, 54, 59, 63,
73, 81, 63, 84, 89, 92, 98, 104,
107, 123, 128, 133, 13,( U2f
143, 144, 150, 151, 173j 184j
199, 207, 208, 250, 251, 259,
260, 261, 269, 270< 271( 279>
286, 291, 301, 307f 331f 3,2<
348, 354, 362, 368, 373, 382,
400, 403, 409, u-|0/ ,15j ,,17>
417, 432, "45, «52f (,69f n16>
482, 506, 509, 511p 512> 516f
524, 528, 535, 537f 5((2, 5a3f
544, 552, 553, 555, 562> 568(
574, 575, 576, 578, 583, 585,
587, 593, 598, 600, 603, 605,
606, 607, 611, 620, 638, 644,
650, 651, 652, 671, 673, 674,
676, 679, 681, 698, 698, 704,
707, 708, 718, T2H, 733, 745,
748, 757, 758, 76ir 772, 77U,
777, 779, 786, 789, 810, 320,
824, 829, 832, 846, 855, 856,
865, 876, 877, 878, 880, 883,
887, 888, 892, 894, 903, 906,
911. 912, 915, 919, 926, 933,
960, 966, 971, 973, 977, 978f
995, 1004, 1015, 1019, 1022.
1028, 1029, 1036, 1037, 1044,
1045, 1047, 1053, 1059. 1061,
1063, 1066, 1068, 1076, 1091,
1095, 1098, 1099, 1102. 1103.
1117, 1119, 1130, 1133. 1147,
1149, 1159, 1160, 1164, 1166,
1173, 1176, 1179, 1186, 1188.
1195, 1196, 1197
RESIDUES 517
RESIHS 93, 162, 705
RESISTANCE 33, 440, 444, 643, 1177
RESISTANT SFECISS 543
RESPIRATION 104, 118, 503, 504,
87C, 1021, 1074
RESPIRATION CORVE 253
RESTBICTID AERATION 337
RETARDATION 899
BETEHTION 31, 166, 366, 372, 524,
546, 798, 827, 850, 892, 1156
BEVIES
97,
185,
241,
304,
332,
376,
425,
506,
567,
611,
657,
660,
718,
755,
820,
876.
965,
1045
1068
1109
1141
1186
24, 25, 52,
107, 112, 126,
202, 210, 222
262, 279, 283
306, 311, 324
334, 362, 368
381, 399, 405
433, 435, 448
529, 531, 547
583, 585, 587
633, 635, 643
658, 659, 668
689, 692, 695
723, 726. 727
773, 812, 813
833, 837, 856
905, 906, 925
978, 997, 999
, 1046, 1057,
, 1070, 1083,
i, 1119, 1131,
, 1142, 1167,
, 1198
60, 65
136,
227.
295,
325.
369,
416,
453,
554.
604.
644,
675,
702,
735.
814.
859.
927.
1017
1061,
1093,
1135,
1176,
. 74, 94,
146, 147,
239,
302,
330,
375,
423.
501,
563.
607,
645,
679,
715,
739.
819,
862.
942,
, 1018,
1063,
1099,
1137,
1178,
HH-315 1192
222
-------
RHIZOSPHERE 361. 68U, 946
HHODAHINE B 1129
BICE 305. 331. 472, 511. 513. 518.
527, 537, 607, 817, 944, 946,
949. 1047, 1048, 1193
RICE SHEATH BLIGHT 305
PICE STRAW 915
RING FUSION 313
RISKS 586
RITER SARD 1201
RIVERS 517, 1044
80-HEET 201
ROADSIDE SOIL 1077
ROBINS 206, 543
ROCKT HOONTAIN FEVER 674
RODENT CONTROL 60
RODENTICIDE 436
ROHIT 201
ROOT CROPS 779
SOOT ROT 276
ROOT SYSTEM 406
ROOT ZOHE 265, 1115
ROOTS 20, 291, 329, 353, 490, 521,
7U5, 756, 808. 834, 903, 939,
995, 1018, 1030, 1039, 1110,
1115, 1171
ROOTBORH 1123
ROSE SNARTVEED 20
ROSES 20, 970
ROT 745
ROTATION 372
ROTENOHE 674
BOOTES 820
HOHINANT ANIMALS 329
RUH OPF 867
ROHOPF 5, 28, 13», 174, 175, 265,
303, 315, 370, 371, 312, 373,
374, 406, 406, 009, 443, 804,
845, 850, 856, 894, 932. 933.
968, 1065, 1142, 1168
ROTAEASAS 884
HEGRASS 62, 1115, 1133
S 404
S-TRIAZINB 189, 315, 326. 417,
l»21, «24. 495, 801, 1054, 1103
SACCHAROSE 254
SALICYLIC ACID 980
SALINITY 236. 1118
SALMON 543
SALT 295, 454, 457, 458, «58, 465,
582, 1086
SALT NARSRIS 887
SALT PBEClflTATION 123
SALTING GDI 813
SALTS 719
SAHPLING 36. 635
SAS 6106 879
SAND 127, 154, 163, 171, 192, 195,
197, 244, 256, 309, 319. 321,
346, 356, 389. 410, 432. 463.
471, 480. 482, 518, £24, 598,
601, 616, 687, 693. 125. 779.
812, 846, 860, 888, 910, 926,
1013, 1018, 1020, 1029. 1049,
1055, 1064, 1065, 1100, 1133,
1150, 1192
SAND FILTERS 926
SANDSTONE 265
JAKDt CLAY 609, 822
SAHDt CLAT SOUS 335
SANDY LOAH 29, 49, 59, 63, 193,
195, 350, 390, 431, 467, 517,
789, 910, 1C19, 1049. 1065, 1074
SANDY. SOILS 135, 179, U11, 779
SANITARY LANDFILLS 909
SAPONIFICATION. 680
SATURATION 233, 917
SCHRADIN 321
SCOTCH PINI 528
SEA 36, 218. 1044
SEACOAST 36
SEA50H 1171
SEDIMENT RONOFI 5
SEDIMENT V1TIR INTEFACTICNS 856
SEDIHENTS 6, 30, 36, 175, 188,
244, 295, 315, 374, 454, 457,
543, 635, 730. 856, 894. 932,
952, 968, 1129
SEED 919
SEED APPLICATION 554
SEED DRESSINGS 285, 527
SEEDLINGS 758, 899, 1110, 1115
SEEDS 475, 487, 681, 707, 911,
937, 116S
SEEDS tISINFECIANT 681
SELENIBH 34
SELP-DIPFOSION COEFFICIENT 936
SEMI-ABIE SOILS 933
SERIARID GRASSLAND 39
SERCOR 661
SEHSITIZ8R HOLSCOLE 859
SEPIOLITE 669
SEPTIC TANKS 909
SEQUENCE 161
SEQUENTIAL DEALKYLATION 842
SESQOIOXIDES 743
SETTLIHG PONDS 14
SEVIN 115, 297. 298. 364, 481.
678. 750, 886, 1010, 1062, 1103
SE8AGE 904
SHEEF 748
SHEEF DIP 476, 1195
SHELLFISH 244
SHOOT 1115
SHOOT-ZONE 1115
SHRIHP 693
SILICA 859
SILT 109, 110, 171, 179, 204, 256,
265, 280, 288, 289, 319, 365.
373, 422. 463, 536, 660, 682,
842, 895. 896. 1012, 1018, 1055
SILT CLAY 51
SILT LOAD 109, 110. 257, 289, 320,
340, 473, 649. 896, 953, 975,
988, 1003, 1012, 1055
SILTY CLAY LOAH 359, 524, 921
SILVER NITRATE 847
SILVEJt 41
SIBAZIHB 27, 5*, 69, 96, 139, 144,
177, 204 205. 207, 293, 32U.
335, 348
589, 602
805, 854
938, 961
417. 420, 532, 553,
671, 684, 685, 770,
877, 880, 904, 935,
994, 1013, 1032. 1033,
1034, 1035, 1097. 1100, 1100,
1101, 1107, 1115, 1167, 1201,
1202
SI» A IB IN 523
SINC 177
SINGLE ENZYHE SYSTEMS 925
SLODGE 475, 457, 733, 904
SLOGS 605
SLURRY METHOD 449, 1014
SMAR1HEED 20
SBEC1ITE 248
SHELTERS 490
SROKI 1118
SMOKING 519
223
-------
SHOBITZ1 808
SBIIL3 119, 605
SBO» 1077
3ODDT-POEZOL 10*
50DI01 137. 161, 177, 196. 294,
$82. 813. 826, 917. 1148
SODIOB IBS BUTE 874
SOD I OB 4BSBRITE 92, 900
90BIOH CBLOHME 418, SO*
SODIOH HOH1TB 927, 11*5
SODin HTDBOIIDI 752, 980
SODIDH R10LIBITE 917
SODIOH HOIOFlOOBICBriTB 60
SODIOH HORTHORILIOBITB 917
SODIOH PEBT1CRLOHOPHBBOIIDB 826
SODIOH PBBT1CBLORPBBR1TZ 560
SODIOH SALT 582
SODIOH TC» 201
SODIOHTRICRLOB01CBT1TB 612
SOIL 31, 77, 16«, 3*2, 36«, 1195
SOIL B1CTKRI1 1062
SOIL CBBRISTBY 686, 804, 932
SOIL COLLOIDS 762, 1155
SOIL COL OBIS 258. 350. 393. 462.
686. 1065. 1108
SOIL COMPOSITION 714
SOIL COBSBBTkTIOB 443
SOIL COBTIBT 261
SOIL CHOSTIIG 1165
SOIL BftOSIOR 5, 940
SOIL PJLOIt 183
SOIL PUCTIORS 958
SOIL roBcos 22. 101
SOIL BICBOkRTBIOFOD 683
SOIL HICIOFLOB1 361
SOIL BICBOPLOT 401, 402
SOIL HOISTOBB 179, 356. 422. 42C,
473, 517. 599. 630. 638, 682.
749, Y8B, 792, 827, 841, 843,
847, 928, 940. 961, 975, 1007,
1009, 1012. 1032. 1034, 10S1,
1166, 1173
SOIL HOISDTBB 1116
SOIL P1BTICLBS 892
SOIL PIOFILE 594
SOIL PBOPBBTIBS 686
SOIL S1RPLIBG 234
SOIL SIIBILART BBIBICICBS 686
SOIL STIRILIZIIIOR 1124
SOIL STODIZS 449
SOIL-IOBBZ P»TBOGB»S 276
SOIl-PISTICIDI IITBB1CTI01S 757
SOIL-ltSIZ IRtmCTIOBS «99
SOIL-I1TIR BCOSTSIKH 136
30IL-MTIB IIIIB1CTICIS 1148
SOILS 5, 6, 8, 9, 10
15, 16. 17, 18, 19.
24, 25, J7. 29, 30.
38. 39. 40. 41. 43.
48, 49. !1, 52, S3,
57. 58, 59, 62, 63.
67. 68. 69, 70, 71,
75. 76, 78, 79, 80,
84, 86. 87, 88, 89,
93, 94, «S, «6, 98,
104, 105, 108. 109,
112. 113. 114. 115.
118. 120, 121. 122.
125. 125. 126. 127.
132, 133. 134, 135,
138. 139. 140, 141,
144. 145, 148. 149.
153, 154. 155, 156,
159, 160, 161, 162.
166, 168. 16$, 170,
174, 175, 176, 178,
180, 181, 183, 18«,
188. 190, 192, 194,
197. 198. 199. 200.
203. 204. 205, 206.
209. 210. 213. 21«,
217. 220. 222. 225.
228, 229. 231. 232.
236. 237. 239, 240,
245. 246. 247. 248.
251, 252, 253. 254,
257. 258. 259. 261.
264. 266. 267. 268.
274. 275. 278, 280,
283, 284. 285, 286.
289. 290, 291. 293,
297. 298. 299. 300.
303. 305. 307, 309,
313, 314, 315. 316,
319. 320. 321. 322.
32S. 327. 328. 329,
334. 335, 336, 337.
340. 341, 341, 342,
345. 346, 347, 348,
351. 352, 353, 355.
358, 359. 361, 365.
372, 373, 374. 375,
379. 380, 382, 383,
387. 389, 390, 391.
394, 395, 396, 397,
400. 401, 402. 403.
406. 407, 409, 410,
413, 414, 415, 416,
418. 419. 420. 421,
425. 426, 427. 128,
431. 432, 434, 435.
438, 439, 440, 441,
446, 447, 448, 449.
452. 459. 460, 461.
465. 466, 467, 467,
470. 471, 472, 473,
476. 476, 477, 478,
482. 483, 485, 486,
489, 490, 491, 492,
498. SOI. 502. S03.
511. 512. 513. 515,
519, 525. 526, 527,
530, 531. 532, 533.
536. 537. 538. 539.
545. 548. 551. 553,
, 12. 13, 14,
20. 21, 23.
32. 34, 37,
44. 46. 47.
!*, !5, 56,
(4. 65, 66,
72, 73. 74,
El, 82, 83,
90, 91, 92,
99. 100, 101,
110, 111,
116, 117.
123, 124,
129. 131,
136, 136,
142. 143,
150. 151,
157. 158,
163. 165.
171. 173,
178. 179,
186, 187,
19!, 196,
201. 202,
207, 208,
21S. 216.
226. 227,
233. 234.
543, 244,
249, 250..
25!. 256,
262. 263.
269. 272.
281. 282.
287. 288,
294, 296,
301, 302,
310. 312.
311, 318,
323, 324,
331, 332,
33«. 339.
343, 344,
349. 350.
356. 357,
366, 367.
376, 377,
384, 385.
392. 393.
398, 399,
404, 405.
411, 412.
417, 418,
422. 424.
42S, 430,
436, 437.
442. 445,
450, 451,
463. 464.
468. 469,
474. 475.
480. 481,
487. 488.
493, 496,
504, SOS.
517, 518,
528, 529,
534, 535,
540. 541,
554, S55,
SOILS 557, 558. SS9. S61, 562,
563, 564. 565. 566. 567, 568,
569, 570, 571, 572, 573, 574,
575, 577, 578, 579, 580, 581,
582. 584. 589. 592. 593. 594,
595. 596, 597, 598, 599, 600,
601, 602, 603, 606, 607, 608,
60S, 609, 610, 611. 612, 613,
613, 614. 615, 616. 618, 619.
622, 623, 624, 625, 627. 628,
629, 630, 631, 632, 633, 635,
636, 637. 638, 639, 640, 643,
644, 645, 646, 647, 648, 650.
652, 653, 654, 655, 656, 657,
65€, 659, 660, 661, 662, 663,
664, 668, 670, 671, 672, 677,
678, 680, 682, 684, 685. 686,
687. 688. 689, 690, 691, 692,
694, 695, 696, 697, 698, 699,
700. 701. 702, 704. 706. 707,
708, 709, 710, 711, 712, 713,
714, 715, 716, 717, 718, 720,
72A. 722, 724, 725, 130, 731,
732, 734, 735, 739, 740, 741,
742, 743, 744, 745, 748, 749,
750, 751, 753, 754, 755, 757,
758, 759, 760, 761, 763, 764,
766, 767, 768, 769, 771. 772,
773, 774, 775, 776, 777, 778,
779, 781, 783, 784, 785, 787,
788, 789, 790, 790, 792, 793,
794. 795, 796, 797, 798, 799,
801, 804. 805, 806, 807. 808.
809, 810, 812, 813, 814, 815,
816, 817, 819, 820, 821. 822.
824. 826. 827, 828, 829. 830,
831, 832. 833, 834, 835, 836,
837, 838, 839, 840, 841, 842,
843, 844, 845, 846, 847, 849,
851. 852, 853. 854, 855, 856,
851, 858, 859, 860, 862. 863,
864, 865, 866, 867, 870, 871,
872. 873. 874. 875, 876, 877,
878, 879, 880, 882, 883, 885.
888, 889, 890, 891, 893. 894,
895, 896, 897, 898, 899. 900.
901. 902, 903, 90S, 906. 907.
908. 910, 911, 912, 913, 914,
915. 916. 917. 919, 920, 921,
922, 923, 924, 928, 929. 930,
931. 933, 934, 936, 938. 939.
941, 942, 943, 945, 946, 949.
950, 951. 952, 954, 955, 956,
9S1, 958. 960, 961, 962. 964.
965, 966, 967, 968, 971, 972,
973, 974, 976, 977, 978. 979.
980, 981, 982, 983, 984, 985,
986, 988. 989, 990, 991. 993,
994. 998, 999, 1000, 1001, 1002,
1003. 1005, 1006, 1007. 1008.
1009, 1010, 1011. 1012, 1013,
1014, 1015, 1016. 1017, 1018,
1019, 1020, 1021, 1022, 1023,
1024, 1026. 1027. 1028, 1029.
1030, 1031. 1032, 1033, 1034,
1035, 1036, 1037, 1038, 1039.
1040, 1041, 1042, 1044, 1045.
1046, 10*8, 1049, 1050. 1051,
1052, 1053, 1054, 1055, 1056,
1058, 1059, 1060, 1062, 1063.
1064, 1065, 1069, 1070, 1071.
1073, 107*. 1075, 1076, 1077.
1079. 1080, 1081, 1082, 1083,
1084, 1085, 1086, 1088, 1089,
1090. 1091. 1092. 1093, 1094,
1095, 1096, 1097, 1098. 1099.
1100. 1101, 1105, 1106, 1107,
1109, 1110, 1111, 1112, 1113,
1114, 1115, 1116, 1118, 1119,
1120, 1121, 1122, 1123, 1124,
1125. 1127, 1128, 1131, 1132,
1133, 1135, 1138, 1141. 1142.
11*3, 11*4, 11*5, 1146, 11*7,
11*9, 1150, 1153. 1155, 1159,
1160. 1161, 1162, 1163, 1164,
1166, 1167, 1168, 1170, 1171,
224
-------
1173. 117*. 1177. 117«.
1179, 1180. 1183, 118», 11(7,
11M, 1189, 1190. 1191, 1192.
1193, 1U». 1196, 1197, 1201,
1202
30LAB BADXATIOB 5
SOLID iitnmsis 953
SOLID MSN DISPOSAL 909
SOLID IASTB3 3*
SOLOULITT 66, 261. 315. 327. 6C8.
C69, 67«, 728, 907, 1135, 11*8,
1186. 1189
SOLOTIOB D1PPOSIOI 110
SOLOTXOB PHASB 938
SOlfBIT BXT1ACTIOI 915
SOIfnTS 66. 469
soBirxcATxoB iss
SOBOBOH 173. 3C2. 480. »93, 560.
921. 971
SOMHOH-BXCOLOB 721
30BPTIOI 28. 76, 100. 135. 160.
200. 295, 442. 454. 457, 567,
580, 737, 738. 764, 827. 835,
1018. 1032. 1078. 109*, 11«8
90TBIM 293, 372, 939
SOTBUn 83, 8«. 173. 269. 493,
534. 707, 786. 789, 908. 934, 937
SPECIFIC C1AVITT 294
SPBCTBOSCOPT 71
SPBCTBOH 859
SP11T LZQOIOI 418
SH 1134
SPUCBOH HISS 1133
SHDBBS 183
SPILLAGE 1177
SKB1CB 34. 1036
SP01BS 779
spoiiPBioos BACTBBIA 201
SPUn 81. 903
SPBIBBUrLS 2
SPIIIKUB I11I8ATIOB 164
SPBOCB 899
STABILITY 40. 798, 799, 918. 979.
989, 1006. 1007. 1162
STAQUIT WTBB 887, 945
STATISTICAL ABALTSIS 776. 793
STATISTICAL XTA10ATXOB 1108
STATISTICS 866
STBABIC ACID 458
STBHS 329. 511, 593. 1171
STBBILISATXOB 309, 320, 900
STB11LIIIIS A«IBI3 648
STILL 111 til IB 667
STOBMI 40. 612
StOlH BOBOPP 406
STOBBS 28
STB1IB 372
Still 271. 351
3TB»B1BBI(3 877, 1188
3TBBAB-BOTXOH HOD 605
STBBAHIL01 406
STBEABS 5. 7. 12. 235. 303, 605.
1003. 10!7. 119!
STBBPTOBTCIS 782
ST1IP 3PBATIB« 609
STBOBTIOR TO! 372
SnOBTIOH 90 372
STOBTBB 431
SQBLITUl 1186
SOBSOILS 342. 804
SUBSQlflCI DB1IU6B 9C9
SOCCIBITI 952
SWAB 731
SMAB BBETS 281. 382, 480. 575,
592. 593. 714, 809. 829. 994. 995
SOBABCABI 1168
SWABS 353
lUlPAHATI 1111
SOLPABCL 962
EVLPATB 680. 943
S9LPXTB 418
SOLPOBATB 502
SDLPOBI 616. 1051. 11(6
SVLPOXIDZ 616, 1048
SBLPOB 91. 193. 982. 1074
SHLFQBXC ACID 787
SOLPH01E 1144. 1179
SBIPBOIIBB 1144
EDHXTRIOB 1185
SBIHITCL 284
Sim LICBT 673
SHPPBB3SIOB 67
SOPBkCIOE 171
3HBPACB 226. 416
30BPACB DBAZBAOB 932
SOBPACB HIM 4, 5, 28. 142. 284.
443, 932
SOBPACTABTS 580, 025. 658
SOSCBPTIBILITI 440
SDSPBBDBD PAITICLBS 543, 1145
SOSPBBDBD SOLIDS 1146
SI UPS 887
STB TBIASIBBS 685
STBBB6ZSH 122, 167, 384. 1111
STBTUSIS 1163
STBTBXSZS CBBBZSTBT 626
STBTBBTXC FBOCB3S 112
STSIBBTBB 823
STSTBBIC HBBBICIDBS 686
STSTBBZC IISBCTICIDBS 971
TADPOLES 605
TAI8A FOCI 578
TAILIIC 233
TALC 1185
TABKA«B 970
TCA 201. 612
TCAB 155. 157, 192, 536, 537, 1009
TCDD 531, 693
TCPC 601
TDB 132. 491. 593, 695, 942. 1131
TBLOBB 1074
TKHIC 272, 298, 626
TBBIB ALDICABB P1STICIDE 49
TBHPB1ATBBB 66, 68, 111. 261. 267.
295, 343. 390. 458, 542, 660.
682, 717. 722. 725. 754. BOB,
822. 840, 841. 847. 096, 927.
984. 1007. 1032. 1074. 1124.
1128. 1153, 1171. 1191. 1192.
TBHPBBATOBB BPPBCTS 471
TBBPBUTBBB 690
TBBTB 215
TBPP 674
TBBATOCBB 534
TE1BACIL 599. 662, 664. 687. 977,
1076
TBBBVfBYBB 252. 366, 315
TXBBBOL 682
225
-------
TERMINAL 604
TERMINAL RISTDIIES 1068
TERMITES 92, 180
TERNITICIDE 92
TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS 28, 133,
135, 218, 243, 247, 264, 848,
960, 1095, 11 «18( 421 §
469, 627, 684, 685, 781, 801,
805, 814, 837, 839, 870, 924,
954, 1014, 1032, 1032, 1078,
1182, 1183, 443
TBIAZINES 252, 62U
TRIAZOLE 352
TRICH.LORFON 40, 63, 614, 798, 847
995
TRICHLOROACETATE 872
TSICHL080ACETIC ACID 417
TRICHLOROBENZENE 519
THICHLORONUTE 145
TRICHLOROPHENOLATE 681
TRICHLOROPHENOLS 472, 859
TRICHLOKOPHENOXACETATE 534
TRICHLOROPHENOXY 284
TRICHLOROPHENOXYACFTATE 143, 672
TRIETHYLAMINE SALTS 134
TSiriORALIN 75, 109, 110, 111,
177, 372, 379, 382, 411, 441,
480, 580, 626, 705, 721, 725,
842, 845, 859. 878, 921, 938,
987, 1038, 1039, 1055, 1076
TRIFORINE 271
TRIPHENYLTIN 77, 78
TRIPHENYLTTN ACETATE 77
TRISBEN-200 20
TRITHIOD 476
TRITOX 824
TRIZILIN 888
TROPHIC NETWORKS 848
TROBAN 276
TRYPTOPHAN 187
TOBEBS 774
TOLAREMIA 674
TOBFGBASS 178
TDBNIPS 514, 593, 1036, 1115
TYPHOS 543
OLTBAFILTRATION 161
ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT 195
DLTRATIOLET RADIATION 68, 563, 586
ON-IONISED PESTICIDES 833
ON DA BE 77.1
OPTAKE 62, 84, 295, 3«8, 372, 425.
435, 454, 490, 534, 677, 693,
226
-------
OPTAKB 704, 757, 765, 779. 835,
903. 954, 1010. 1029. 1030, 1033,
1034. 1035, 1036, 1110, 1112,
1113, 1114, 1115, 1146. 1167
URACIL S, 253, 1021
ORANIN 469
URANHJH 294
ORBAN 698
URBAN PROXIHITY 489
ODEA 8, 202, 239, 277, 284, 300,
417, 488, 532, 670, 719, 783,
784, 847, 905, 913, 1103
OFEA DERIVATIVES 252
OREASE 685, 783, 784
USAGE 86, 568, 719, 812, 978, 1183
VAN DER HAALS FORCE 210
VANILLIC-ACID 71
VAPAB 796, 1107
VAPOR 389, 634, 711, 953, 970,
1003, 1039
VAPOP AERATION SYSTEM 720
VAPOF DENSITY 1000
VAPOR DIFFUSION 110
VAPOR FLOX 838
VAPOR LOSSES 840
VAPOR PHASE 1005
VAPOR PRES5DRE 289, 667, 999,
1002, 1135
VAPORIZATION 176, 402, 1038, 552
VARIATIONS 372
VEGETABLES 271, 392, 403, 543,
620, 677, 912, 1047
VEGETATION 41, 151, 682, 753. 856,
VELSICOL HCS-3260 1173
VELVET!/) AF 230
VERHICOLITE 248. 669, 1155, 1165
VERNOLATE 979. 1023
VERTEBRATES 14. 1186
VERTICAL DISTRIBUTION 651, 1115
VERTICAL LEACHING 421
VERTICAL MOVEMENT 244, 930
VETCH 493, 593, 1053
VINEGAR 1200
VINETABD 27
VINETARDS 144, 234, 606, 724, 832
VINYL IHOSPHATI 94
VINYL IHOSPHATE INSECTICirES 94
VIRAL INCEFRALITIS 674
VIRGIN CLAT 677
VITAVAX 191, 1144
VOLATILITY 208, 209, 261, 387,
674. 841, 876, 983, 1101
VOLATILIZATION 75. 78, 87, 148,
154, 170, 175, 234, 238, 255,
287, 268, 289, 303, 338, 356,
375, 396, 40C, 406, 409, 411,
422, 435, 453. 473, 581, 616.
643, 667, 840, 999, 1000, 1001,
1002, 1003, 1004, 1005, 1031,
1038, 1066, 1155, 1167, 1169,
1170
VOLATILIZATION VAIOR FHASI 938
VOLCANIC ASH SOIL 1051
VOLCANIC SCILS 817
VORLEX 1074
SARH-BIOCDF.D 719, 925
(ASHING 3
HAS HOOT 767
WASTE DISPOSAL 9, 656, 116, 909
SASH TREATMENT 457, 457
HASTES 355, 391, 406, 4SE, 703,
752, 908, 96«
HATER 4. 5. 6, 8. 9. 12, 22. 28,
34, 36, 59, 66, 85, 94, 108, 119,
134, 136. 142. 149, 168. 174.
175, 182, 166, 188, 19C, 222.
231, 233, 235, 236, 243, 255.
256, 257, 257, i63, 164, 265,
267, 273, 27fi, 284, 285, 286,
289, 295, 303, 215, 334, 338,
339, 342, 349, 350, 35*. 359,
370. 371, 372, 381, 381, 387,
389, 406, 409, 416, 419. 420,
936, 443, U4E, 450, 4SC, 453,
454, 458, 462, 467, 501, 515,
517, 549, 551, 562. 565, 571,
372 574, 576, 580, 582. 598. 605.
607, 609, 616, 626, €32, 634.
635, 644, 648. 672, 677, 686.
698, 701. 716, 728, 733, 735,
753, 760, 761, 765, 766, 769,
792, 796, 804, 613, 62C. 837,
855, 867, 886, 887, 896. 909.
910, 915, 917, 926, 93<, 933,
934. 936. 942. 943, 945, 947.
953, 953, 95«, 962, S63, 965.
966. 967, 980. 998. 1000. 1001,
1003, 1004, 1005, 1010, 1012,
1035. 1044, 1059, 1082, 1095.
1099, 1100. 1101, 11C3, 1104,
1105, 1118, 1119, 1128, 1144,
1145, 1146, 1148, 1115, 1168,
1186, 1191. 1195, 1198
SATER EATR 669
RATER FLEAS 119
HATER BARDSESS 582
HATER BOVIHE1CT 289
1ATEB QOALITY 909
RATER-BIRDING 796
RATERFLOR 406
RATERS 342
RATERSBED 730
RATERSREDS 28, 134, 137, 174, 235,
284, 303, 406. 634, 672, 838,
856, 894, 908
RATERRAIS 14
RAVELENGTH 859
RAXES 257
HEATHER 954
HEATHERING 182
HEED CONTROL 212, 266, 686, 915
REEDKILLERS 324, 325, 417, 816,
974. 1167
REEDS 26, 152, 284, 411, 582, 826,
872. 877. 1082, 1138, 1165
HELL HATER 9, 639, 1198
RETTED SOILS 827
HHEAT 84, 194, 372, 451, 487, 500,
789, 878, 897, 910, 911, 1010,
1110, 1112, 1113
HHEAT STRAY 1055
HRIAT-H 854
SHIT! HOSTADD 339. 835
HHITHFISH 543
HICK EFFECT 1001
HILDLIFE 60, 623, 1142, 1186
HU.T1SG POINT 983
RIND HOVEH1RT 4«0
HINDPORHE 338
RINGID ELH 1171
HINTF.R HHBAT 293, 372
RITHCPARAL 14
HOFATOX 63
ROOD PBLP PROCESSING PLASTS 527
HOODCOCK 712
ROREHORH 171
HORHS 171, 543, 605
X-RAY DIFFRACTION 137, UU1
X-RAY FL008ESCBNC! 851
IARTBATE 681
XENOEIOTIC 112
XEROR LAMP 1030
ITU* 249
YALAR 201
227
-------
IBISIS 379, 1190
rrMlUB 90 372
U1-B1TS 37*
S21-B1T3-B 164
IKCTIII 566, 693, 716
IBO-XABB 159. 160
IIK 200, 29«, 327, 490. 8S3, 8C7,
1023
UIC PBOSPBIDl *36
CUB «S9, 969
SXIOnoS 323. 106*
SZB1B 969
soopuBiMB 218
1 CHLOtO-2 2-BZS-CBLOBDPBBBTL
BTBTUBI 990
1 HPBTBtl CHHBHI 666
1-BTIBOXICBLOBDBBB 395
1-BinOIlCAIBOBIL-1-PBOPBB-2-T1
BZBBTBTl PBOSPBHB 321
1,2-DZBBOBO-3-CBXOBOPBOPUB «39
1.2.-BI3-3-BBTHOITC11BOITL-2-
TBZ001BZBOBBBIIBB 929
1,3-BI3(3.4-OZCBIOBOPBMTL)
TIUSIR 860
1.3-Kcn.OlOPlOPHl 630. 631, 632
2 BBTBT1-* CBL01CPBCTOIT 1CBTIC-
»CID 299
3- (3,5-DXCBLOBOPBnn)-4.*-
DZBBTBTL-S-BBTBYIBBBOIUOIZBB
1192
2-CBLOBO-4-BZTBOPBBBOL 172
2-CBLOBOn.OOlEIOBE 966
2-ISOPBOm-6- B IIBTl-*-
BTDBOITPTBIBZDZBI 9*6
J-BBTBTl-2-BBTBIlTBIO
PIOPIOMLDKBTCI 0-
BBTBTLCllBlBOn. OIZBB 215
a-PIBOBB-6-CUBOITLIC 659
2.3.6-TBI *50
2.3,6-niCBlOlO BBBIOIC-1CID 16!
2,3. 7, 8-TiniCBLOBODIBBBSO-P-
DIOXZB 534
2.4-B 7. 26. 32. 37. «1. 55. 10!.
211, 216. 230, 25*, 27*. 275.
299. 32«. 325. 338. 3*9. «19.
•20, «22, «*0, »67. 550, 582,
608, 625. 626. 656. 661. 737.
738. 752, 780, 818, 826, 923,
• 35. 938, 952. Ml, 982. 1067,
1071, 1M2, 1099, 1101, 1183,
113*. 1139, 1167
2-*-DICBLOPnBOIT ftCHIC
ten 686
2,*-DXCBICfOPBIBOlS 752
2.*, 5-t «1, 133. 13«, 1*3, 252,
265, 299, 299, 307, *06. *22,
»50. 531. 612, 751, 753, 780.
818. 823, 8!9, 952, 11*1, 1171
3,»,5-I 626
2,S-DXCBlOBO-«-BSTBOXT PBCIOC 1162
2.6 DICBlOBOBIBUBIDf 7*1
2,6-DICBlOBO-I-PBIBTLBBBBiaanB
1085
2,6-DICfllCK>-*-BXTBOIBltlBI 1085
2.6*BIC1IOnB1BUBZn 832. 109«,
1095
2.6-BICBIOBOBIBSOZC 1C TO 1095
3 CBLOIOtmiBI 1188
3 «-0 PTBIBZBZB-4 SB-OBI 806
3- (P-BBOBOPBBBU) -1-BITBCIT-1-
BltBTLDBIl 1079
3-CBlOfOBIBOIC-lCID «9*
-5- BBOBO-e-
977
3.3-OICBIOIOIIOBBKIII 158
3.3.*.*- TRBlCBLOlOlIOBlinn 155
3,3,*,8-nniCBtOI01tCnBZlBI 158
3.*-DZCBlCI01BIUBB 155, 158, *63,
536, 860, 87C
3,4,3 (PBZBI) -IBZCBLOBOIZPBDT1
1145
3,4,3, (PBZBI) ,4 (PBZBI) -
nTBlCnCBOBZPBIBIl 1145
3,5-01 BnaO-0 CIISOI 376
3,6-DZCBlOBOSaiZCIlZC ICIt 980
4-1BZBO-3. !-BZCBlOBOICIIlBnZBI
1085
312
4-cnOBOtBZLZBB 1035
•'CBLOB01BZLZBIS 1034
5-lBIBO-*-On.OBO- 2- f 2, 3-CZB-
BXBmClKTCUlHft-4, 6-BIBBB-t-
TL)-3(2B)-PTBD»ZMR 659
6 nannii-a-zsononizfcusoio
806
228
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/9-79-024b
2.
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSIOf*NO.
4. TITLE ANDSUBTITLE
MOVEMENT OF HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES IN SOIL:
A BIBLIOGRAPHY
Volume 2. Pesticides
5. REPORT DATE
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
August 1979 (Issuing Date)
7. AUTHOR(S)
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
Emily D. Copenhaver and Benita K. Wilkinson
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Toxic Materials Information Center
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.( FY79~1 DC81 8 )
ROAP 21BFQ, Task 002 1DDOC4
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
Interagency Agreement
EPA-IAG-D4-F476
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Municipal Environmental Research Laboratory
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Cincinnati, Ohio 45268
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/14
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
See also Volume 1
Project Officer:
Selected Metals
Mike H. Roulier
16. ABSTRAC1
This bibliography is intended for use by personnel concerned, either via research or
management, with the disposal of hazardous wastes, other than sewage sludge, on land.
It is the result of a search of recent literature (1970 through 1974) and includes in-
formation on the transport, transformation, and soil retention of arsenic, asbestos,
beryllium, cadmium, chromium, copper, cyanide, lead, mercury, selenium, zinc, halo-
genated hydrocarbons, pesticides, and other hazardous substances. About half of the
2000 entries include an abstract. In order to limit the size of the resulting publi-
cation, the literature search focused on processes directly related to transport (ad-
sorption, ion exchange, etc.) and documentation of the occurrence and extent of trans-
port while specifically excluding topics such as uptake and translocation by plants,
modeling, and effects on microorganisms and processes mediated by microorganisms. The
bibliography has been divided into two volumes to facilitate its use: Volume 1 con-
tains all tlie substances studied except pesticides; Volume 2 contains the pesticide
citations.
7.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
COSATI Field/Group
*Pesticides
*Transport Properties
*Soil Chemistry
*Bibliographies
Waste Disposal
Contaminants
Attenuation
Adsorption
Pollutant Migration
Ion Exchange
13B
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
20. SECURITY CLASS (This page)
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
229
* US GOVMNMim POINTING OFFICE 1979 -657-060/5452
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