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  fATKP
       WATER POLLUTION CONTROL RESEARCH SERIES
14010 FLW 07/70
  Feasibility Study Manual-
  Mine Water  Pollution
  Control Demonstrations
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR • FEDERAL WATER QUALITY ADMINISTRATION

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    "AREA ACID AND OTHER MINE WATER POLLUTION CONTROL
                         DEMONSTRATIONS

  "SEC. 14. (a) The Secretary in cooperation with  other Federal
departments, agencies, and instrumentalities is authorized to enter into
agreements with any State or  interstate agency to carry out one or
more projects to demonstrate methods for the elimination or control,
within all or part of a watershed, of acid or other mine water pollution
resulting from active or abandoned mines. Such projects shall demon-
strate  the  engineering and economic feasibility and practicality of
various abatement techniques which will contribute substantially to
effective and  practical methods of acid or other mine water pollution
elimination or control.
  "(b) The Secretary j in selecting watersheds for the purposes of this
section, shall  (1) require such feasibility studies as he deems appropri-
ate, (2) give preference to areas which have the greatest present or
potential value for public use for recreation, fish and wildlife, water
supply, and other public uses, and (3) be satisfied that the project area
will not be affected adversely by the influx of acid or other mine water
pollution from nearby sources.
  "(c) Federal participation in such projects shall be subject  to the
conditions—
      "(1) tha,t the State or interstate agency shall pay not less than
    25 per centum of the actual project costs which payment may be in
    any form, including, but not  limited to, land or interests therein
    that is needed for the project, or personal property or services, the
    value of  which shall be determined by the Secretary;  and
      ''(2) that the State or interstate agency shall provide legal and
    practical protection to the project area to insure against any activ-
    ities which will  cause future acid or other mine water pollution.
  "(d) There is authorized to be appropriated $!.">,000,000 to carry out
the provisions of this section, which sum  shall  be  available  until
exjM*nded. No more than 25 per centum of the total funds available
under this section in any one yt-ar shall be granted to any  one State.

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          Feasibility Study Manual -
Mine Water Pollution  Control Demonstrations
         FEDERAL WATER QUALITY ADMINISTRATION

             DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
                 Program 14010 FLW
                   June, 1970

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This manual was prepared for release by the Federal Water
Quality Administration.  Portions of this document are
based upon material supplied by the Cyrus Wm. Rice
Division, NUS CORPORATION, under Contract No. 14-12-848.

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                       ABSTRACT
This manual is to be used as a guide by State or interstate
agencies in uniformly performing feasibility studies for
projects proposed to demonstrate methods for the abatement
of mine drainage pollution as required by Section 14 of the
Federal Water Pollution Control Act as amended.

The required feasibility studies are to aid the Secretary
of the Interior in selecting the mine drainage pollution
control method or methods suitable for demonstration, and
also the optimum watershed where the effectiveness of the
project will have the greatest public value or uses.

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                       CONTENTS
Section                                                Pace
   1   INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY	    1


   2   MANUAL UTILIZATION	    5


   3   FEASIBILITY STUDY PREPARATION	   11


   4   FORMAT AND CONTENTS OF FEASIBILITY  STUDY	   23


       APPENDICES

         A  Prefeasibility Planning	   25
         B  Format of Application  for Section 14
            Demonstration Grant	   27
         C  Mine Drainage Abatement Technology	   47
         D  Typical Data Sources	   51

       INDEX	   59
                        TABLES
 2.1   DEVELOPMENT OF A MINE  DRAINAGE ABATEMENT
       DEMONSTRATION PROJECT  PROPOSAL	    6
 2.2   FEASIBILITY  STUDY  PREPARATION,
                            ill

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                      SECTION 1

               INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY
This manual describes the necessary procedures and informa-
tion required for submission of an application for a grant
under Section 14 of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act
as amended.  It is recognized that all of the information
needed for a complete evaluation by the Federal Government
may not be available at the time of submission.  It is
incumbent upon the applicant to appreciate the value of the
missing information, and to comment upon the significance
as related to the probable success of the project.  The
applicant should point out alternative approaches which
minimize the detrimental aspects of not receiving such data
for evaluation by the Government.

It is strongly urged that the applicant contact the Federal
Water Quality Administration prior to initiating extensive
work upon any proposed project.

Mine drainage is discharged into various local water
courses and is carried by the natural flow of the streams
into the major rivers.  Extensive intrastate and interstate
pollution problems are thus created.  The pollutional
aspect of mine drainage is a product of chemical reactions
between air, water and the minerals found in and around
ore deposits.  The more common pollutants found in mine
drainage may include acids, alkali, heavy or toxic metals,
hardness, chlorides, dissolved solids and suspended solids.
Upon dilution in the water course, the heavy metals fre-
quently oxidize producing a precipitate or sludge which
settles out as silt deposits and destroys bottom life in
receiving streams.  Highly acidic or basic wastes may strip
all forms of life from a stream while some other wastes,
such as phosphate wastes, may act to stimulate undesirable
algal and vegetative growths in water courses.  Mine drain-
age thus presents a serious pollution problem because of
the great quantities involved.

The most extensive mine drainage pollution problem is acid
drainage from coal mines and this problem is compounded by
the fact that a large fraction of the acid mine drainage
comes from abandoned and inoperative mines.  Well over 90%
of the land involved in abandoned mines is in private
hands which poses severe limits on the abilities of govern-
mental units to deal with the problem.

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There are a variety of methods and techniques for mine
drainage pollution control.  New methodology for such
control, particularly at source control, must be developed,
and existing treatment and control methods must be refined
and demonstrated.  Specifically, the practicability and
economic feasibility of these methods when applied to field
scale applications must be more closely defined.  In
addition, watershed area demonstration projects may provide
the opportunity to show ways of putting combinations of
these methods together into coordinated attacks on the mine
drainage sources from entire watersheds.

A report of the Committee on Public Works of the U. S.
Senate accompanying S.7, a bill to amend the Federal Water
Pollution Control Act as amended, repeated many times the
desirability of the proposed legislation for its assistance
in development of projects for the demonstration of feasible
and practical area-wide methods of controlling acid pollu-
tion resulting from mining activities.  The report also
stressed the fact that these projects should demonstrate for
an entire watershed area the kinds of abatement techniques,
and land and water management necessary to eliminate pollu-
tion from mine drainage.

The Committee on Public Works of the House of Representa-
tives in its report accompanying HR.4148 also laid stress
on the desirability of projects that would demonstrate the
engineering and economic feasibility and practicality of
using single or multiple abatement methods in an area-wide
program within all or part of a watershed.  The report also
stressed that the purpose of the cost sharing provision was
to encourage the states to participate to the greatest
extent possible so that there might be developed meaningful
projects which would produce the experience needed to
develop an effective control program.

The Water Quality Improvement Act of 1970, PL 91-224,
included a sub-section titled "Area Acid and Other Mine
Water Pollution Control Demonstrations," which became
Section 14 of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act as
amended.  This section provides for the demonstration of
techniques for mine drainage pollution control and directs
that the Secretary shall require such feasibility studies
as he deems appropriate in selecting watersheds for the
purpose of the demonstration projects.  Such feasibility
studies are to aid the Secretary in selecting not only the
mine drainage pollution control method or methods but also
the watershed or drainage area for such application.  The
Act requires that the Secretary give preference to areas
which will have the greatest public value and uses.

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The feasibility studies thus must include an inventory of
mine drainage sources within the watershed, downstream
water uses, the benefits of pollution control, engineering
and economic feasibility of locating the project in the
selected area, the feasibility of protecting the project in
that area, and the feasibility of protecting the area from
future damage once remedial measures have been employed.
The Senate Committee report was very concerned about this
latter point, pointing out that the project clearly would
not be effective if it could be demonstrated that mine
drainage pollution in the project area could be controlled,
but similar pollution originating outside of the project
area continued to pollute the waters in the project water-
shed area.

The feasibility study must also identify in the proposed
drainage area the present and potential public uses such
as water supply, fish and wildlife enhancement, and
recreational values.

The principal purpose of this manual for feasibility studies
is to provide guidelines to be used by States, interstate
agencies, or their consultant engineering firms in perform-
ing feasibility studies of projects proposed to demonstrate
methods for the abatement or control of mine drainage
pollution resulting from active or abandoned mines.  A
further purpose is that a feasibility study carried out in
accordance with the directions in this manual will provide
all information needed for selection of projects in con-
formance with the requirements of Section 14 of the Federal
Water Pollution Control Act as amended, and consistent with
the Legislative intent conveyed through the respective
committee reports.  Following the guidelines of the manual,
all feasibility studies will be prepared in a similar
format that will allow comparison with other feasibility
studies prepared for other techniques in other watersheds.

The manual also contains in its Appendices a description of
the prefeasibility planning process.  This section is
included to minimize the chances that the feasibility study
is performed on methods and watershed areas of little
interest or importance to the overall program.  The Act is
specific in requiring that the demonstration projects con-
tribute substantially to effective and practical methods of
acid or other mine water pollution elimination or  control.

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                      SECTION 2

                  MANUAL UTILIZATION
The following section of the manual outlines the process of
demonstration project development from inception to grant
application.  Feasibility- study preparation is one aspect of
the project development process and it is considered in
substantial detail further in this Section and in Section
3.  A brief discussion of the total project development
process is included to provide a context for the preparation
of the feasibility study.

The basic steps in the project development and execution
processes include:

a.  Selection of a highly promising abatement method for
    demonstration

b.  Selection of a suitable site for project implementation

c.  Determination of project feasibility

d.  Execution of required administrative actions including
    grant applications

e.  Project construction

f.  Demonstration or operation

g.  Final report preparation

The project development process, steps a. through d./ is
illustrated graphically by Figure 2.1 and is discussed in
more detail in Section 3, "Feasibility Study Preparation,"
and Appendix A, "Prefeasibility Planning."

Prefeasibility planning is an iterative evaluation and
comparison of alternatives leading to project selection.
As indicated on Figure 2.1, prefeasibility planning  includes
the process of selecting an abatement method to be demon-
strated, selecting a site for implementation of the  demon-
stration project, and making a preliminary estimate  of
project feasibility.

The inventory of existing conditions indicated on Figure
2.1 as an aspect of prefeasibility planning refers to a

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                                     PREFEASIBILITY  PLANNING
                                                                                                          FEASIBILITY STUDY
                                                                                                         GRANT APPLICATION
- 1
TASK 1
Define an Abatement Method
to be Demonstrated and
Determine the Conditions
Required for its Implamenta-
tion and Demonstration •


TASK 2
Inventory Mines and Streams
and Identify Those with the
Most Promise for Successful
Demonstration of the Selected
Method.


TASK "3
•Select tht; Project that offers
the Best Combination of Ef-
fectiveness and Costs,
1

TASK 4
Determine the Feasibility of
a Demonstration Project for
the Selected Method at the
Project Site.



TASK 5
Document Project Feasibility
and Initiate Administrative
Action to Obtain Approval and
Funding •
0\
1.1   Determine an abatement
     method that might have
     extensive application •

1.2   Define specific character-
     istics of mines that would
     be most suitable for imple-
     mentation of a project to
     demonstrate the selected
     method,.

1.3   Define characteristics of
     project areas that would be
     most likely to support a
     successful demonstration
     project.
     a.  Identifiable pollution
        sources
     b.  Public interest
     c .  Degree of abatement to
        be realized through the
        project
     d.  Visibility of project and
        anticipated quality im-
        provement
     e.  Scope of projsct
     f.  Existing and planned
        water use
     g.  Expected public benefits
2.1   Inventory mines and
     determine:

     a.  Location and type of
        mine
     b.  Method of extraction
     c.  Drainage quality and
        quantity
     d.  Activity and condition
        of mine

2 .2   Inventory bodies of water
     affected by mine drainage •
     a.  Water quantity and
        quality
     b.  Water use
     c.  Location and impact of
        pollution sources

2 .3   Screen out mine drainage
     sources which do not lend
     themselves to application
     of the selected abatement
     method.

2.4   Screen out mine drainage
     pollution sources that show
     little or no potential for
     effective demonstration
     projects.
     a.  Total control of mine
        drainage pollution not
        feasible
     b.  Surveillance not feas-
        ible
     c.  Insufficient confidence
        in success of demon-
        stration
2.5   Select the most promising
     sites  as those that appear
     to offer potential for abate-
     ment within the scope of
     the demonstration program
     and that offer the greatest
     potential for effective ben-
     efits .
                                                                              3 .1  Prepare preliminary designs
                                                                                  and cost estimates for de-
                                                                                  monstration project devel-
                                                                                  opment at each of the pot-
                                                                                  ential sites.

                                                                              3.2  Screen out those projects
                                                                                  that are impractical from
                                                                                  engineering or total cost
                                                                                  aspects.

                                                                              3.3  Estimate the effectiveness
                                                                                  of each alternative -

                                                                              3.4  Select the project that
                                                                                  appears to provide the
                                                                                  best combination of costs
                                                                                  and effectiveness for de-
                                                                                  monstration of the selected
                                                                                  method.
                                                                                FIGURE  2.1
4 .1  Analyze legal and juris-
     dictional factors.

     a .  Identify administrative
        structure responsible for
        project
     b.  Determine water quality
        standards
     c.  Determine mine ownership
     d.  Identify funding sources
     e.  Determine enforcement
        authority

4.2  Inventory and forecast exist-
     ing and expected conditions •

     a.  Site investigations
     b.  Characteristics of re-
        ceiving waters
     c.  Social and Economic
        environment

4.3  Preliminary Engineering .

     a.  Detailed  project descrip-
        tion
     b.  Abatement facilities
        design
     c.  Surveillance facilities
        design
     d.  Cost estimates

4.4  Evaluate effectiveness and
     costs •

     a.  Estimate  project eff-
        ectiveness
     b.  Estimate  total project
        costs
     c.  Evaluate  project

4.5  Prepare implementation and
     operating plans •

     a.  Management plan
     b.  Operating plan
     c.  Design program
     d.  Construction program
5.J   Prepare feasibility study
     documentation.

5.2   Obtain State and local
     government approval
     and funding .

5.3   Prepare and submit a
     request for approval
     and funding •

     a.  Project description
        and documented
        feasibility study
     b.  Verification of State
        and local approval
        and funding
     c.  Plan for implement-
        ation and continued
        operation
     d.  Discussion of demon-
        stration value and po-
        tential applications to
        the total mine drainage
        abatement problem
     e.  Confirmation of
        compliance with
        legislative require-
        ments
         DEVELOPMENT  OF  A   MINE   DRAINAGE  ABATEMENT   DEMONSTRATION PROJECT

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preliminary identification and screening whereby the least
promising project sites are eliminated from consideration.
Alternative abatement methods should be reviewed in the
light of this preliminary inventory of mines and mine
drainage pollution problems in the State or region as well
as in the context of the overall national Mine Drainage
Abatement Demonstration Program.

Pollution sources should be carefully reviewed to identify
those which have the most potential for implementation as
a project to demonstrate the selected methods.  To conform
with the requirements of the legislation establishing this
demonstration program, the demonstration project must be
selected such that it is protected from mine drainage
pollution originating above the project in the watershed
and such that public benefits will be generated to the
extent possible.

The selected project site and abatement method should have
the potential to effectively demonstrate a mine drainage
abatement method which has promise for extensive applica-
tion in a mine drainage abatement program.  Major steps in
the prefeasibility planning process are outlined in
Appendix A.  The criteria for selection of the abatement
method to be demonstrated and the site for project imple-
mentation should be documented as part of the feasibility
study as covered in Section 3.

Upon completion of the prefeasibility planning and the
selection of an abatement method and a project site, a
feasibility study must be prepared.  This feasibility study
will identify the problems which will be encountered during
the implementation and operation of the project and will
document the proposed solutions to these problems.  The
basic steps required for the preparation of a feasibility
study are outlined on Figure 2.2 and are discussed in more
detail in Section 3, "Feasibility Study Preparation."  A
suggested format for the documentation and presentation of
the feasibility study and supporting information is
presented in Section 4, "Format and Contents of Feasibility
Study."

As a first step in the preparation of the feasibility
study, the existing legal and jurisdictional system affect-
ing the proposed project must be analyzed.  A legal and
administration framework for the implementation and opera-
tion of the proposed project must be identified and
documented.  This documentation should include such
pertinent data as enabling legislation, sources of funds,

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A.
Analysis of Legal and
Jurisdictional Factors


B.
Inventory and Forecast of
Conditions


' C,
Preliminary Engineering



D.
Evaluation of Effectiveness
and Project Costs


E.
Preparation of Implementation
and Operating Plans
A.I  Determine the agencies
     which will be responsible
     for project implementation
     and operation,

A.2  Ascertain legal basis for
     administrative authority.

A.3  Determine existing and
     proposed water quality
     standards and their legal
     basis.  Determine ade-
     quacy of surveillance and
     enforcement procedures
     which will affect the
     project.

A.4  Determine mine owner-
     ship and site and min-
     eral rights acquisition
     requirements and eval-
     uate adequacy of legal
     authority for condemn-
     ation and acquisition.

A.5  Identify sources of funds,
      legal basis for funding and
      long term financial arrange-
      ments for continued opera-
      tion.

A.6   Establish that adequate
      legal authority exists to
      prevent future pollution
     from sources outside the
      project site.

A.7   Determine additional
      legislation or revised
      regulations which will
      be required for the im-
      plementation and oper-
      ation of the  project.
B.I  Site investigations in-
     cluding:

     a.   Characteristics of
          mine
     b.   Locations of shafts,
          boreholes and tunnels
     c.   Mine drainage effluent
          quality
     d.   Sources of mine water
          Inflow
     e.   Mine drainage outfalls
     f.   Subsurface conditions
     g.   Topography
     h.   Mine drainage quantity

B.2  Characteristics of receiving
     waters -

     a.   Streamflow estimates
     b.   Floods  and lowflow
          characteristics
     c.   Rainfall and runoff
          relationships
     d.  Stream quality
     e.  Other mine drainage
         pollution sources
     i.  Other non-mine drainage
         pollution sources

B.3  Social and Economic
     Environment .

     a.   Population con-
          centrations
     b.   Water uses including
          water supply, recrea-
          tion, irrigation, etc.
     c.   Quality requirements
          of users
     d.   Potential impact of
          project  on expected
          water use
C.I   Detailed project description .

      a.   location plan
      b.   Site plans
      c.   Process chemistry
      d.   Expected impact of
          project on mine drain-
          age quality and/or
          quantity
      e.   Treatment plant flow
          diagrams
      f.   Preliminary operating
          data

C.2   Facilities design .

      a.   Prepare preliminary de-
          signs for foundations,
          structures and  supporting
          equipment
      b.   Identify construction
          materials

C .3   Locate and describe sur-
      veillance facilities  and
      equipment.

C •*   Prepare cost estimates
      for pro)ect construction.
D.I  Estimate measures of
     project effectiveness.

     a .  Applicability of tech-
         nique
     b.  Proportion of pollution
         to be abated at the site
     c .  Unit cost of abatement
     d.  Extent of streams to be
         improved
     e.  Assurance of success
     f.  Compliance with standards
     g.  Increased recreation po-
         tential  of stream
     h.  Improved water supply

D.2  Estimate total project costs.

     a.  Land and mineral rights
         acquisition
     b.  Construction costs
     c.  Operating costs
     d.  Maintenance costs
     e.  Engineering costs
     i.  Administrative costs

D.3  Evaluate project effectiveness
     in the light  of project costs and
     expected implementation diffi-
     culties to determine feasibility
     and desirability.
E . 1   Develop management plan
      and identify agencies re-
      sponsible for:

      a.  Overall project coor-
         dination
      b.  Design
      c.  Construction
      d.  Operation
      e.  Surveillance

£.2   Develop detailed operating
      plan and estimate personnel
      requirements.

      a.  Determine available
         manpower
      b.  Plan training programs

£.3   Prepare a design program-

      a.  Schedule
      b.  Design costs and funding
      c.  Personnel
      d.  Design Criteria

E.4   Prepare a construction program .
         Schedule
         Costs
         Pi ^curement methods
         Supervision of con-
         suuction
                                                                               FIGURE  2.2
                                                        FEASIBILITY  STUDY  PREPARATION

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proposed allocation of administrative responsibility, owner-
ship and surveillance.  Additional legislation or adminis-
trative actions which might be required for project imple-
mentation should be initiated immediately so as to be
completed prior to application for demonstration grant funds.

An inventory of the existing and expected physical and
socio-economic environment of the proposed project site must
then be made in accordance with the guidelines of Section 3.
This inventory will provide supporting data for the design
of the project and for the estimation of effectiveness,
benefits and cost.  Data collected during the inventory
phase must be included in the supporting documentation of
the feasibility study.

Based on the data collected in the inventory of physical
conditions, preliminary designs must be prepared to deter-
mine the physical practicability of the project as well as
the cost of development.  Preliminary engineering should be
based on sound field survey data including laboratory
analyses of water quality, subsurface investigations, hydro-
logic and topographic data.  The expected impact of the
project must be translated into measures of effectiveness
as described in Section 3, and project costs documented.
As a final step in the preparation of the feasibility study,
plans for implementation and continued operation should be
prepared.

The desirability and feasibility of a mine drainage abate-
ment demonstration project will be determined by a combina-
tion of factors including:

a.  Technical feasibility

b.  Demonstration value

c.  Economics and public benefits

d.  Political and jurisdictional factors

The dual criteria of desirability and feasibility are
included since a project or an aspect of a project might be
feasible, in the strict sense of the word, while the
difficulties and costs of the solution might outweigh the
value of the project.  For example, if extensive legislative
changes are required to enable project implementation, these
changes might be possible but not without extensive delays
and political and economic costs which would be considered
excessive when evaluated in the  light of expected project
effectiveness.  The rationale for determining that the

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project is feasible and desirable should be included in the
summary of Section 3.

In addition to the preparation of the feasibility study and
supporting documentation, several administrative tasks must
be executed prior to obtaining a demonstration grant for
the proposed project.  These tasks are outlined on Figure
2.1 and in Appendix B in terms of the resulting documenta-
tion which must accompany a request for funding under the
demonstration grants program.
                          10

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                      SECTION 3

            FEASIBILITY STUDY PREPARATION
The feasibility study has as its purpose the determination
and collection of appropriate, meaningful data about a
proposed demonstration project  (techniques and project site)
and the careful exposition of the benefits to be gained from
the proposed project.  It is not a study of alternatives but
must confine itself to one project site and one proposed
solution.  The site will be a watershed area with all of
that surface and subsurface drainage above the project site
being included.  While only one project is to be considered
by one feasibility study, such project may include one or
more individual control methods at one or more locations
within the project's watershed area.

In performing the feasibility study, each of the major
steps in this Section 3 must be addressed in adequate
detail such that the merits and demerits are clearly evident
for the proposed project.  The study need not be limited to
only those steps shown however.

A.  JURISDICTIONAL FRAMEWORK

    It is essential that the legal authority is clearly
    established for the State or interstate agency to
    engage in all facets of the demonstration project.
    The agencies concerned with acquisition, design, con-
    struction, and operation must be identified as well as
    the orders and regulations under which they operate
    relevant to the proposed mine drainage demonstration
    project.  How the project would operate under existing
    legal authority is extremely important.

    1.  Cognizant Authority

        State the legislation,  regulations, or other orders
        under which the State or interstate agency has
        authority to work in mine drainage abatement.  List
        the subagencies responsible for  contracting,
        administering, and operating the proposed demon-
        stration project and the scope of their operations
        as well as their relevance to mine drainage.
        Discuss clearly the adequacy of  the present  legal
        and administrative structure to  accomplish the
        purposes of the project.
                          11

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2.  Existing and Proposed Standards

    List any present or proposed water quality standards
    for the stream or streams involved.  Show how any
    stated quality requirements for treated effluents
    are or are not relevant to the project.  Discuss any
    proposed higher public uses of the waters concerned
    and the criteria associated with such uses.  Discuss
    how the project proposes to effect quality of the
    drainage so as to meet the subject criteria.
    Discuss the applicability of existing water quality
    and land use standards for the proposed uses.
    Discuss what agencies are charged with surveillance
    and enforcement of standards and whether the
    capability and authority exists to accomplish the
    surveillance and enforcement required by the
    project.

3.  Site Acquisition

    Determine the legal authority by which purchase of
    lands, easements, condemnation, leases, or other
    access control techniques of the proposed site may
    be obtained.  Discuss how and when site acquisition
    will be accomplished within present legal authority
    as well as the duration of such acquisition.

4.  Authority for Funding

    Determine the legal basis for the funding of the
    proposed mine drainage demonstration project.
    Discuss how such funding will be accomplished with-
    in the present framework, the agencies involved,
    and their authority.  The post-demonstration aspects
    of funding as well as the immediate aspects must be
    set forth.

5.  Water and Mineral Rights

    Determine what water and mineral rights are involved
    in the project and how, when, and for what term the
    project would secure such rights under existing
    legislation and regulations.

6.  Prevention of Future Pollution

    Specify clearly and in-depth the State's provisions
    for legal and practical protection to demonstration
    areas, which will assure the prevention of future
    mine drainage pollution from any areas outside the
                     12

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        proposed project site which would affect the
        beneficial results of the project.   Show how such
        protection will be achieved under existing
        authority for the duration of the proposed project
        as well as for the post-demonstration project
        period.

B.  INVENTORY AND FORECAST

    Analyze physical, economic, and social conditions in the
    mine drainage abatement program area in sufficient
    detail to generate the data required for planning,
    implementation, and operation activities.  Physical con-
    ditions define the site, surface and subsurface, and
    provide constraints on the abatement systems selected.
    The inventory of water resources defines pollution
    sources and levels in the project area and that affected
    by it.  Social and economic analysis will provide the
    basis for forecasting water demands and evaluating
    beneficial effects.

    1.  Physical Conditions

        Determine the location of the project watershed and
        its relevant features on U. S. Geological Survey
        7 1/2' topographic maps.  Complete surveys by ground
        parties or aerial photography, or both, if neces-
        sary.  Show at least the following for the project
        watershed:

        a.  Political jurisdiction such as county, munici-
            pality, borough, township, city, etc.

        b.  Watershed boundary  (surface and subsurface as
            appropriate).

        c.  Location and  official names of streams in water-
            shed and of the receiving streams into which the
            watershed discharges.

        d.  The minerals  mined and, by mineral, the area of
            mineral to be owned, leased or otherwise  con-
            trolled by the project and whether mined  or
            unmined.

        e.  The name, type of mine, status,  and surface
            areas mined and affected by surface mining.

        f.  The location  of surface subsidence  areas  result-
            ing from underground mining.
                          13

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    g.  The name, type and status of deep mine, loca-
        tion of mine openings, and mine discharges,
        and maps of mined areas.

    h.  The location of interconnections between
        adjacent deep as well as surface mines.

    i.  The location of gas, oil, and water wells and
        levels of producing formations of each.

    j.  The location of boreholes and elevation of
        mineral seams.

    k.  Subsurface geology indicated from boreholes and
        other sources.

    1.  The location of geologic faults.

    m.  Location of any surface or subsurface water
        impoundment.

    n.  An analysis of the materials remaining that
        could contribute to mine drainage pollution.

    Discuss whether the physical information on the
    project watershed gained from the foregoing survey
    is adequate for the project.  Show what is the
    effect on the project of inadequacies or inaccura-
    cies in the foregoing and how the proposed project
    can compensate for such.

2.  Water Resources

    The quantity and quality of surface and subsurface
    water in the watershed must be known as well as
    the quality and quantity of existing mine drainage.
    As the rainfall affects both of the foregoing, such
    information is also desired seasonally.  The
    following information should be shown for the
    project watershed:

    a.  The mean low, mean, mean high and high flow for
        10 year period for each stream as well as
        seasonal variations in mean flow.

    b.  Mean flow seasonally (at least one year) for
        each mine discharge.

    c.  Annual withdrawals from any water wells and, if
        available, any record of variation in water
        table.
                     14

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        d.   Seasonal  quality  of  water in  streams  and  wells
            with particular attention to  those  parameters
            reflecting  mine drainage  pollution  as well  as
            those covered  by  relevant stream standards.

        e.   Seasonal  quality  of  mine  drainage discharges
            with emphasis  on  those  parameters causing
            pollution in receiving  streams  and  subject  to
            alteration  by  the proposed demonstration
            project.  This shall include  an analysis  for
            acidity or  alkalinity,  pH, COD, suspended
            solids, dissolved solids, and significant
            cations and anions.

        f.   Seasonal  rainfall data  including 10 year  and
            one hour  maximum  rainfall.

        Discuss the sources of the  water  resource data  and
        its adequacy  for the  project.  Show how the project
        can compensate  for inadequacies or inaccuracies in
        the foregoing.

    3.   Social and Economic Environment

        State the population  and major industrial units and
        their distribution in the watershed area and  in the
        downstream adjacent areas.   Project the probable
        changes in such social and  economic environment for
        the areas concerned.

        Determine the water requirements, quality and
        quantity, for municipal, industrial, recreational,
        agricultural  and power uses in the watershed  and
        in the adjacent downstream  area.

        Discuss the  changes that the social and economic
        environment will cause in utilization of the  water
        resources of  the areas concerned.  Show whether
        the proposed  mine  drainage  control project will aid
        in meeting these requirements and also  show what
        changes in water utilization will be affected by
        the project.

C.  PRELIMINARY ENGINEERING

    Give sufficient  details  of the  proposed mine drainage
    abatement methods,  their  application to the proposed
    site, their capital and  operating costs, and their past
    use so that their effectiveness and the means of
    implementation and operation can be clearly determined.
                         15

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It must also be clearly shown that the proposed project
will fulfill its purpose of demonstrating one or more
workable mine drainage pollution abatement or control
methods.  It is not a research project with only
problematical prospects of success.  Examples of infor-
mation desired are given under each of the following
headings.  Additional information should be supplied
whenever relevant.

1.  Abatement Method Description

    Describe each abatement or control method employed
    including the principle of operation.  Give the
    supporting past pilot or field experience, the mine
    drainage control effected by the application, and
    the interrelation between methods when more than
    one is proposed.

2.  Design (Preliminary)

    a.  Drawings

        Show in appropriate drawings and maps the
        following:

        (1)   The location and outline of the proposed
             abatement or control methods and the
             existing mine drainage abated or controlled
             by each.

        (2)   The points at which remaining drainage or
             treated discharge will occur and the course
             taken by such to the stream or streams in
             the watershed.

        (3)   Topography of the watershed after project
             construction.

        (4)   In the case of treatment methods

             (a)   Process flow sheet from point of
                  collection through process to dis-
                  charge .

             (b)   General location plan with controlling
                  dimensions, grades and elevations.

             (c)   Plan and profiles of major units on
                  process flow sheets.
                     16

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(5)   In the case of mine sealing

     (a)   The  location of seals and grout cur-
          tains  to be constructed.

     (b)   The  method of construction of the
          seals  and curtains.

     (c)   The  extent of flooding of the mined
          out  area including elevation of pool
          surface.

(6)   In the case of backfilling

     (a)   The  profile of the completed backfill
          including its relation to the cut/
          spoil  bank, seam top and bottom, and
          previous natural contour.

     (b)   The  contour plan of the completed
          backfill and adjacent areas.

(7)   In the case of stream diversion

     (a)   The  plan and profile of streams after
          diversion.

     (b)   The  cross sections of the diverted
          channel.

(8)   In the case of revegetation, the contour
     and plan  of the revegetated area.

Specifications

State at least the following for each of the
relevant abatement or control methods:

(1)   The maximum, minimum, and average design
     drainage  flows and quality to be handled
     by treatment methods.

(2)   The unit dimensions, capacities, and
     materials for each flow sheet component
     for treatment methods.

(3)   Materials of construction of  seals, grout
     curtains  and diversion channels.
             17

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     (4)  Composition of soils used in backfilling,
         top grading, and revegetation.

     (5)  Volume and method of movement of soils in
         backfilling and top grading.

     (6)  Minimum, mean, and 10 year maximum flows
         in diverted stream channels.

     (7)  Types and sizes of plantings and seedings,
         distribution, density, and estimated
         survival.

     (8)  Soil preparation including amount and type
         of soil additives or fertilizer.

     (9)  Method of planting or seeding.

c.  Expected Mine Drainage Water Quality and
    Quantity

     (1)  Minimum, average, and maximum values for
         quantity of discharge, if any, from each
         control method and from watershed includ-
         ing brines, residues, and sludges.

     (2)  Average and maximum values for each quality
         parameter including all those required for
         effluent or stream standards for all dis-
         charges, if any, from each control method,
         from the watershed, and including brines,
         residues and sludges.

     (3)  Analysis of the feedwater if treatment
         methods are proposed.

d.  Design and Construction Schedules

    Give the planning, design, construction, start-
    up and operating schedule.  Include also the
    operation schedule for the post-demonstration
    period.

e.  Program Surveillance Measures

    State the types of results and the means by
    which the results are accumulated and evaluated
    during the demonstration and post-demonstration
    period.  Such results must include costs as
                 18

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           well as quantitative and qualitative performance
           of the project.

       f.  Program Emergency Procedures

           State the significant emergency events that may
           occur during the life of the project and show
           both the impact on the project effectiveness and
           what measures  are planned to correct or prevent
           such emergencies.

    3.  Capital and Operating Costs

       a.  Site Acquisition Costs

           Give all legal fees, purchase or  lease costs for
           land, minerals, and for water rights.

       b.  Construction Costs

           Give all costs of equipment purchases  as well  as
           construction costs, and engineering  fees.

       c.  Operating Procedures

           Give administrative, purchasing,  as  well  as
           operating and  maintenance procedures during both
           demonstration  and post-demonstration periods.
           Give quantities of  supplies required.

       d.  Personnel Requirements

           Give requirements  for  administrative,  operation,
           and maintenance personnel,  including job
           description, experience level,  and expected
           compensation range.

       e.  Operating Costs

           Give  costs  of  operation and maintenance  for  both
           personnel,  supplies,  and  utilities.   Include
            allowances  for purchasing,  administration, and
            surveillance.

D.  EFFECTIVENESS  OF PROJECT

    Projects  which provide the most effective demonstrations
    of important  abatement methods will be considered under
    the demonstration  grants  program.   All demonstration and
    other public  benefits  which can be attributed to the
                         19

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project must be identified and presented in an orderly
manner for evaluation.

1.  Demonstration Value

    Provide the following measures of project effective-
    ness :

    a.  The proportion of mine drainage pollution in the
        State or area which might be abated by the
        project.

    b.  The proportion of mine drainage pollution which
        will be abated at the project site.

    c.  The approximate unit cost of abatement in
        dollars per thousand gallons of polluted dis-
        charge to be abated.

    d.  Annualized capital and operating costs per ton
        of mine drainage pollutants removed.  For acid
        mine drainage, this should be dollars per ton
        of acid.

    e.  The extent of streams and/or lakes to be
        improved, and the degree of improvement by the
        project.

2.  Public Benefits

    The public benefits of the project must be stated
    and discussed in terms of the location of the
    project relative to population concentrations, the
    visibility of the project and of the improved water
    quality and the extent of public interest in the
    quality of the receiving waters.  The following
    must be included:

    a.  Increased recreation opportunity.

    b.  Increased industrial activity.

    c.  Increased agricultural activity.

    d.  Aesthetic improvement.

    e.  Improved habitat for fish and wildlife.

    f.  Compliance with quality standards.
                     20

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        g.   Income from sales of water.

        h.   Reduced costs for water users.

E.  PREPARATION OF IMPLEMENTATION AND OPERATING PLANS

    Plans and schedules must be developed for the implemen-
    tation and operation of the proposed mine drainage
    abatement demonstration project in addition to those
    discussed under Preliminary Engineering, Section 3C.
    These plans must include the schedules of required
    action by the responsible agencies as given in Section
    3A, construction, operating and maintenance budgets and
    financial programs identifying sources of funds.
    Present the following information:

    1.  Project responsibility and schedules for acquisi-
        tion, design, construction, operation and
        surveillance.

    2.  Project operation and maintenance budget for
        demonstration and post-demonstration periods.

    3.  Financing plan and schedule.

    4.  Procedures and schedule for providing required
        project personnel.

    5.  Plans for supervision of the entire project includ-
        ing the post-demonstration period.

    6.  Names and qualifications of the proposed Project
        Director and other principle personnel and their
        authority to act.  Personnel biographical informa-
        tion should include title, degrees, and experience
        pertinent to the project.

    7.  Responsibility for and schedule for project
        progress reports and final project evaluation
        report.  The final evaluation  report should include
        an appraisal of the effectiveness of the project
        as accomplished versus that as originally
        estimated.
                          21

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                      SECTION 4

       FORMAT AND CONTENTS OF FEASIBILITY STUDY
Section 3 of this manual contains the typical major items
that should be included in conducting a feasibility study
to demonstrate methods for controlling pollution from mine
drainage under Section 14 of the Federal Water Pollution
Control Act as amended.  All feasibility studies will be
presented in the same format for ease of review by the
Federal Water Quality Administration when processing
applications for demonstration grants.

A typical feasibility report will contain the following
items, realizing however, that common sense will dictate
that all items may not necessarily apply to all studies.

 1.  Cover
 2.  Title Page
 3.  Table of Contents
 4.  List of Figures
 5.  List of Tables
 6.  Body of Report
     a.  Introduction
         (1)  Scope and Purpose of the Project
         (2)  General Description of the Project
         (3)  Effectiveness of Project
     b.  Jurisdictional Framework
         (1)  Authority
         (2)  Standards
         (3)  Site Acquisition
         (4)  Funding Authority
         (5)  Water and Mineral Rights
         (6)  Prevention of Future Pollution
     c.  Inventory and Forecast
         (1)  Physical Conditions
         (2)  Water Resources
         (3)  Social and Economic Environment
     d.  Preliminary Engineering
         (1)  Abatement Project Description
         (2)  Preliminary Design
         (3)  Capital  and Operating  Costs
     e.  Implementation and Operating  Plan
 7.  Acknowledgments
 8.  References
 9.  Glossary of Terms, Abbreviations  and  Symbols
10.  Appendices
                          23

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                      APPENDIX A

               PREFEASIBILITY PLANNING
The conduct of a feasibility study for the application of a
proposed mine drainage pollution control method or combina-
tion of methods to a proposed watershed may involve con-
siderable effort and expense for the State or interstate
agency concerned.  It is foreseen that such States or
agencies that desire to participate in the Demonstration
Program will want to conduct a prefeasibility study at a
much reduced level of effort in order to select a watershed
and an abatement or control program for it that will be
consistent with the overall Demonstration Program of the
Federal Water Quality Administration.

Prefeasibility planning is an iterative process involving
a survey of potential watersheds, demonstratable methods,
selection of proposed watershed and method combinations,
and fitting of alternatives into the overall FWQA Demon-
stration Program.  The following tasks in the prefeasi-
bility study may be initiated in any sequence, however, all
steps should be undertaken before commencing effort on the
feasibility study itself.

1.  Identify Existing Watersheds with Mine Drainage
    Pollution in the State or Region Suitable for a
    Demonstration Project.  Particular attention should
    be given to the following:

    a.  Existence of proper authority to acquire the sites,
        conduct the study, conform to stream standards, and
        to prevent future pollution at the site.

    b.  Existence of information on the type and magnitude
        of mine drainage pollution in the watershed and its
        effects on the watershed and its adjacent down-
        stream areas.

    c.  The possible abatement or control methods that
        would need to be employed in the watershed.

    d.  The effectiveness of  a demonstration project  at  the
        site as measured by the amount of mine  drainage
        abated and by the enhancement of the present  and
        potential public uses of the water in  the watershed
        and in adjacent downstream areas.
                         25

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2.  Identify Demonstratable Mine Drainage Pollution Abate-
    ment or Control Methods.  Attention should be given to
    the following:

    a.  Methods for which there is adequate prior experi-
        ence in pilot or full scale operation to assure a
        very high probability of success when properly
        applied.

    b.  The size and type of site or quantity and quality
        of flows required to demonstrate the engineering
        and economic feasibility and practicality of the
        abatement or control method.

    c.  Effectiveness of the method in abating or control-
        ling mine drainage, and the quality of any dis-
        charges including residues.

    d.  The approximate capital and operating costs of the
        method.

3.  Selection of Candidate Demonstration Projects

    Based upon the general inventory of demonstratable
    watersheds and abatement or control methods, select one
    or two combinations that appear feasible'and establish
    approximate estimates of project costs and the project
    time schedule.

4.  Fitting of Demonstration Project Alternatives into the
    FWQA Mine Drainage Abatement Demonstration Project
    Program

    In a national program, it is expected that many propo-
    sals for similar projects will be received and that
    the sum of all those received may not adequately cover
    the full scope of the national program.  Other con-
    siderations of priority and funding also will exist
    that will enter in the selection of the proposals for
    actual demonstration from those submitted.  The State
    or interstate agency should thus meet with the FWQA
    to determine general interest in those projects the
    agency proposes or to determine those types of
    projects for which proposals may be desired by the
    FWQA.
                         26

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                       APPENDIX B

               FORMAT OF APPLICATION FOR
             SECTION 14 DEMONSTRATION GRANT
The Water Quality Improvement Act of 1970 includes a portion
entitled "Area Acid and Other Mine Water Pollution Control
Demonstrations" which will be administered by the Federal
Water Quality Administration.  Application for a grant under
Section 14 to demonstrate methods for the elimination or
control of acid or other mine water pollution may be made
through the FWQA Research, Development, and Demonstration
Grant Program.

This Appendix includes the application form No. 211  (Rev. 3-69),
and the "Instructions for Completing Applications For Section
14 Demonstration Grants."
                           27

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INSTRUCTIONS FOR COMPLETING APPLICATIONS FOR

       SECTION 14 DEMONSTRATION GRANTS
     Office of Research and Development

    FEDERAL WATER QUALITY ADMINISTRATION
                 July,  1970
                   28

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      INSTRUCTIONS FOR COMPLETING APPLICATIONS FOR
             SECTION 14 DEMONSTRATION GRANTS
General Information

A grant application kit for Section 14 projects may be re-
quested from:

                        Project Coordination
                        Office of Research and Development
                        Federal Water Quality Administration
                        U. S. Department of the Interior
                        Washington, D. C.   20242

Review the following information contained in the grant appli-
cation kit for Section 14 projects before preparing an applic-
cation:

   a.  Feasibility Manual for Mine Water Pollution Control
       Demonstrations.
   b.  Rules and Regulations for Research, Development, and
       Demonstration Grants.
   c.  Patents and Inventions Article.
   d.  Clean Water Fact Sheets.

Submission of Application

Submit an original and 7 copies of each application and one
acknowledgement card to Project Coordination, FWQA.

Acknowledgement by FWQA

The applicant shall complete the acknowledgement card and
attach the card to the original grant application.  The card
showing the date of receipt will be returned to the appli-
cant.

      PART I, SECTION A, REQUEST AND CERTIFICATIONS

1.  Type of Grant

    Omit - This does not apply to  Section 14 grants.

2, 3, and 4.  Self-explanatory.
                           29

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5.  Grant Director

    The Grant Director is the person who has been assigned
    responsibility for overall direction and management of
    the project for the applicant.  He must be an officer or
    employee of the applying organization.

6.  Project Director

    The Project Director is the person who has been assigned
    responsibility for the technical supervision of the pro-
    ject.  The Project Director and Grant Director responsi-
    bilities may be assigned to one person if desired.

7.  Self-explanatory.

8.  Type of Application

    New - A project not previously supported by an FWQA grant -
      Indicate yes or no   Section 14.
    Revision - An existing grant project requiring additional
      funds or other changes for completion within the grant
      period.
    Continuation - An existing grant project requiring addi-
      tional time and funds or other changes for completion.

    Where the application is for a revision or a continuation,
    insert the original FWQA Grant Number.

9.  Project Financing

    a.  For Total Project:

          Total Project Period - estimated beginning and ending
            dates for entire project.
          Total Project Cost - estimated total cost for entire
            project.

    b.  For this Request*:

          Grant Period - estimated beginning and ending dates
            of activity to be financed by requested grant.
* Section 14 grants are normally made for the total project
  period.  Continuation grants for additional grant periods
  are subject to availability of appropriated funds and
  successful development of the project.
                          30

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           Applicant's share - project costs to be paid by
             applicant during grant period.
           Grant Requested - self-explanatory
           Total - applicant's share plus grant requested.

10.   Terms and Conditions

     The signature must be in ink.   Attach certified copy of
     authorization made by the applicant's governing body
     authorizing the signer to apply for a grant.

     PART I, SECTION B, SUMMARY DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

 Self-explanatory

           PART I, SECTION C, APPROVAL BY STATE
              WATER POLLUTION CONTROL AGENCY

 Omit - This does not apply to Section 14 grants.

          PART I, SECTION D-l, FINANCIAL SUMMARY

 1.   Estimated Project Costs During Grant Period

     A.  thru J. - The amounts shown for each Budget Category
         are to be taken from Part I, Section D-2, FINANCIAL
         DETAIL.  The first column should indicate the total
         funds required for each budget category during the
         grant period.  The second column should indicate the
         grant funds being requested for each item.  Show the
         totals of items A. thru I.  in the  appropriate space.

     J.  Indirect Costs - Indirect costs, as described in Bureau
         of the Budget Circular No. A-21  (Revised), are those
         costs which, because of their nature, are normally not
         identified with specific or individual projects.  A
         grantee's general and administrative costs such  as per-
         sonnel management, accounting, purchasing, and normal
         maintenance  and protection  of the  grantee's facilities
         are examples of indirect costs and shall  not  be  charged
         as direct costs unless, because of special circumstances,
         an exception  is specifically approved  in  advance by  the
         FWQA.

         Indirect cost rates  are established in  one of the  fol-
         lowing ways:   (1) by a previous Government agency  audit,
          (2) by the applicant's own  cost accounting practices, or
                            31

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        (3) by special computation for the grant project.  The
        latter two methods will require approval based upon Gov-
        ernment audit, but a provisional r^te may be used until
        an audit is performed.  In these cases, provide a de-
        tailed computation on a separate sheet to show how the
        proposed provisional rate is determined.  In no instance
        may indirect cost rates be applied to contract exepndi-
        tures for consultants, equipment, other contracts, or
        construction.  Enter cost in the appropriate space.

    K.   thru S. - The amounts shown for each Budget Category
        are to be taken from Part I, Section D-2, FINANCIAL
        DETAIL.  The first column should indicate the total
        funds required for each budget category during the grant
        period.  The second column should indicate the grant
        funds being requested for each item.  Show the totals
        of items K. thru S. in the appropriate space and the
        total project costs (A. thru S.)  where indicated.

2.   Proposed Funding

    A.   Applicant's Share - Cost sharing is required for all
        grant projects.  The minimum share of the total pro-
        ject cost to be borne by the applicant is 25 per cen-
        tum.  One factor which will be considered in the evalu-
        ation of a proposed project is the share of project
        costs which the Applicant proposed to bear above the
        minimum share required.

        The applicant's share of the total project cost may
        include:

        1.   Land

            a.   Cost if purchased in fee  by State or inter-
                state agency.

            b.   Cost of easement,  if obtained by State or
                interstate agency.

            c.   Assessed evaluation of lands already owned
                by State or donated to State or interstate
                agency.

            d.   Lease cost.
                          32

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        2.   Mineral  Rights,  cost  if  obtained  by  the  State
            or  interstate  agency.

        3.   Services,  cost incurred  in preparation of  Feasibility
            Study Report.

        4.   Material and Equipment

            a.   Current amortized value of dedicated equip-
                ment.

            b.   Reasonable rental value (short duration).

    B.   Self-explanatory.

    C.   Total - The  sum shall be  equal to the total  Project
        Costs (A. thru S.).

3.   Support to be Used for the Project

    Identify the support by source  and date available.  If an
    election is required for issue  of bonds or levy  of taxes,
    etc., state results and date  if held, or plans and pro-
    posed date if not yet held.

          PART I, SECTION D-2, FINANCIAL DETAIL
       RESEARCH/DEVELOPMENT/DEMONSTRATION STUDIES

The estimate of funds required shall be as accurate  as circum-
stances permit.  Where the project is incorporated with and
only a portion of a larger project, such as a public works
project, only the costs relating to the smaller project shall
be listed.  Where requested information is not applicable,
insert N.A. in the space provided.

    A.  Salaries and Wages - Name principal personnel to be
        engaged on the project and other personnel  (by number
        of employees).  Where applicable provisions  of Bureau
        of the Budget Circular A-21  (Revised), Section B 7,
        Stipulated Salary Support, shall be included  relating
        to professorial staff  support.

    B.  Fringe Benefits - Name principal personnel  and number
        of other personnel to be engaged on the project; and
        opposite each, list the types,  basis  of computation,
        and amount of fringe benefit  costs for this project.
        This section  is to be utilized  only if the  applicant's
        established policies treat fringe benefits  as direct
        costs.
                           33

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C.  Self-explanatory.

D.  Equipment - Cost of equipment to be used on the project
    shall be detailed here.  Indicate whether the equipment
    will be purchased, rented, or furnished by the applicant
    If  furnished by the applicant, give details on com-
    putation of use allowance requested on separate sheets.
    Documented justification for purchase of equipment must
    be  available for audit purposes.

E.  thru F.  Self-explanatory.

G.  Publication Costs - Detailed letter reports shall be re-
    quired monthly  (5 copies) and a detailed quarterly report
    (5  copies) shall be required that summarizes all work
    that has been performed during the preceeding three
    months.  These reports shall be submitted within 15 days
    after the completion of each work period, monthly or
    quarterly, respectively.  No monthly report is required
    in  those months in which a quarterly report is submitted
    A draft final report  (5 copies) shall be submitted with-"
    in  30 days after the completion of the project work.  A
    final report shall be submitted within an additional 3o
    days after FWQA approval.  The final report shall be sub-
    mitted in accordance with the current Final Report Speci-
    fications for Grant, Contract, and In-House Projects.

H.  Other - Identify the nature, purpose/ and estimated
    costs of all items not identified in other categories.

I.  thru J.  Self-explanatory.

      PART I, SECTION D-2, FINANCIAL DETAIL
                   FACILITIES

K.  Construction - Engineering Plans - Provide an estimate
    of  the cost of preparation of plans and specifications.

L.  Construction - Supervision - Provide an estimate of the
    cost of supervision of construction.

M.  Construction - Contracts - List anticipated and known
    contracts(including site construction and identifying
    numbers)  for construction/ alterations and renovations
    and describe the purpose and estimated costs for each.
    If construction is to be phased or otherwise divided,"
    list funds required for the later contracts and des-
    cribe the purpose and estimated cost of each.  Provide
    a total of estimated costs for this category.
                       34

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    N.   Construction  -  Materials  -  Cost  of  materials  and  equip-
        ment  to  be  used in  the  construction portion of  the  pro-
        ject  and to be  furnished  by the  applicant  shall be
        detailed here.   Indicate  whether the equipment  will be
        purchased,  rented,  or  furnished  by  the applicant.   If
        furnished by  the applicant, give details on computation
        of use allowance requested  on separate sheets.  If
        construction  work,  or  a portion  thereof, will be  per-
        formed by the applicant's personnel, include  "Force
        Account" in this category and give  details (number  of
        persons, time or effort,  payroll costs).   Provide a
        total of estimated  costs  for this category.   Documented
        justification for purchase  of equipment related to  this
        project must  be available for audit purposes.  Do not
        duplicate any cost  included in item D.

    O.   thru  S.   Self-explanatory.   These items refer to  the
        technical services  and operation and maintenance  acti-
        vities associated with the  construction facilities
        phase of the  project.

           PART I,  SECTION  E,  PROJECT SCHEDULE

1.   Data on Contracts

    If any contracts  have been let  which will involve project
    funds, so indicate.  This  includes feasibility studies,
    construction, engineering  services,  land acquisition, etc.;
    the listing should include the  purposes of the contracts,
    name of contractors, and date of contracts.  A copy of any
    contract already  let should be  submitted with  the appli-
    cation.

2.   Schedule

    Self-explanatory.

          PART II,  DETAILED PROJECT DESCRIPTION
               AND  SUPPORTING INFORMATION

PART II, SECTION A  of the application shall include  the Feasi-
bility Study Report prepared in accordance with the  Feasibility
Study Manual for Mine Water Pollution Control Demonstrations.
PART II, SECTION B of the application shall list all active
research, development, and demonstration projects in which the
proposed Project Director is engaged.  For  each project, the
following shall be identified:
                           35

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    a.  Supporting agency or organization
    b.  Grant or contract number
    c.  Title of project
    d.  Time (hours) or effort (percent of total working time)
        of the Project Director
    e.  Estimated project costs
    f.  Project period with dates

Identify any other agencies or organization to which this
application has been submitted.
                           36

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                       U.S. DEPARTMENT  OF THE INTERIOR
              FEDERAL WATER POLLUTION CONTROL ADMINISTRATION
                              WASHINGTON, D. C. 20242

                                APPLICATION  FOR
           RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT.  AND DEMONSTRATION GRANT
                                                                                             t:UTCA CVr7 O.VI.V
                                                                                       PROG R AM NO .
                                                                                       ACCOUNT NO.
                                                                                       DATE RECEIVED:
                                  PART I, SECTION A, REQUEST AND CERTIFICATION
I.  TYP^OF°Pf'NT
   Q] RESEARCH
                      CLASS II -             CLASS III - STORM 4    _  CLASS IV - ADVANCED    _   CLASS V-
                      DEMONSTRATION    LJ COMBINED SEWER      \_\  WASTE TREATMENT _ \_~]  INDUSTRIAL WASTE
2.  Tl TL E OF PROJECT
3. APPLYING ORGANIZATION AND MAI LING ADDRESS (ZIP Code)


4 PROJECT LOCATION AND MAILING ADDRESS (ZIP Code)



5. GRANT DIRECTOR: MAILING ADDRE SS f ZIP Code) AND
TELEPHONE NO.
6. PROJECT DIRECTOR: MAILING A DDRE SS ( ZIP Code) AND
TELEPHONE NO.
7. FINANCIAL OFF 1C ER f To Receive Oran! Funds J, MAILING
ADDRESSfZ/P Code) AND TELEPHONE NO.

8. TYPE OF APPLICA1

riONf A appropriate box)
NEW
REVISION (TO):
CONTINUATION (OF):
FWPCA GRANT NO:
9. PROJECT FINANCING
a. FOR TOTAL PROJECT:
TOTAL PROJECT IFROMI
PERIOD:
TOTAL PROJECT COST:
IT HROUGH)
$
b. FOR THIS REQUEST:
GRANT PERIOD: 
-------
                               PART I, SECTION B, SUMMARY DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
  GIVE A BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT, SUMMARIZING THE PROJ ECT OBJECTIVES AND PLAN OF OPERATION DESCRIBErT
  IN THE DETAILED PROJECT PLAN (PART II, SECTION A).  (Limit the summary to the space provided)                           °
	PART I, SECTION C, APPROVAL BY STATE WATER POLLUTION CONTROL AGENCY (it applicable
 TITLE OF PROJECT
 GRANT APPLICANT
         The project described above, if carried out in accordance with the proposed plan of operation, is hereby approved
 NAME OF OFFICIAL STATE WATER POLLUTION CONTROL AGENCY
 SIGNATURE OF RESPONSIBLE OFFICER
                                                 TITLE OF OFFICER
FWPCA 211 (Rev 3-69) (Pog* 2)
                                                    38

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                                   PART 1, SECTION D-1,  FINANCIAL SUMMARY
                                1. ESTIMATED PROJECT COSTS DURING GRANT PERIOD
                  ITEM
                                                 PROPOSED BY APPLICANT
                                                   PER'IOD    GRANT REQUESTED
                                                                                         F WPCA USE ONLY
   A. SALARIES AND WAGES
   B. FRINGE BENEFITS
   C. CONSULTANT SERVICES
   D. EQUIPMENT
    E. SUPPLIES
    -  TRA\/EL
lUl
0|
    G. PUBLICATION COSTS
    H. OTHER
    I.  CONTRACTS
    TOTAL DIRECT COSTS (A thru I)
      INDIRECT COSTS
    TOTAL R/D/D STUDIES (A thru J)
    K.  CONSTRUCTION-ENGINEERING PLANS
    [_.  CONSTRUCTION - SUPERVISION
    M.  CONSTRUCTION - CONTRACTS
    M.  CONSTRUCTION - MATERIALS
    TOTAL CONSTRUCTION (K »hru N)
    O. OPERATION - SALARIES & WAGES
    p. OPERATION - FRINGE BENEFITS
    Q. OPERATION - SUPPLIES
    R. OPERATION - UTILITIES
    S. OPERATION - REPAIRS
    TOTAL OPERATION (0 thru S)
    TOTAL FACILITIES (K thru S)
    TOTAL PROJECT COSTS (A thru S)
FWPCA 211 <"«»• 3-69) (Page 3)
                                                      39

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                             PART I, SECTION D-l. FINANCIAL SUMMARY (Continued)
                                           2. PROPOSED FUNDING
ITEM
A. APPLICANT'S SHARE
B. GRANT REQUESTED
C. TOTAL
PROPOSED BY APPLICANT
PERCENT


100
FUNDS
$

$
FWPCA USE ONLY
PERCENT


100
FUNDS
$

s
ITEM
A. CASH
B. GENERAL OBLIGATION BONDS
C. REVENUE BONDS OR CERTIFICATES
D. OTHER (Specify)
E. ANTICIPATED FWPCA GRANT
f. TOTAL
DATE AVAILABLE






AMOUNT
S




s
REMARKS
FWPCA 211 
-------
         PART I, SECTION D-2, FINANCIAL DETAIL • RESEARCH/DCVELOPMENT/DEMONSTRATION STUDIES
                                           POSITION
PROFESSION
  OP SKILL
ANNUAL
 SALARY
•IME. ON
 ROJECT
 <7c or hrs
              NAME
                                  TYPES OF BBNE^ITJ (Social Security, Group Life Insurance, Retirement, etc.)
                                                                                                    OTAL B
             CONSULTANT (if known)
                                                           SERVICES TO BE PERFORMED
                                                 HOW OBTAINED (purshase, rental, famished by applicant)
                                                 HOW OBTAINED (•• in D. above)
                                                                                QUAN-
                          UNIT
                         .COST
                                                                                                    TOTAL D
                                                                                                    TOTAL E

                                                                                                    I	
FWPCA 211 (K*v 3-6') (P"9« 5)
                                                      41

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       PART I, SECTION 0-2, FINANCIAL DETAIL • ReSCARCH/OEVELOPMENT/PEMONSTRATIOH STUDIES i
             TRAVELER
                                         DESTINATION AND PURPOSE
NO. OF
 TRIP?
 COST PER
	TBIP
                                                                                              COST
 u.
                                                                                          TOTAL F

                                                                                          *
               I TEM
               ITEM
                                                         PURPOSE
                                                                                          'OTAL H
   LIST ANTICIPATED CONTRACTS BY PURPOSE, PROBABLE CONTRACTOR IF KNOWN, AND ESTIMATED COST
                                                                                         TOTAL 1

                                                                                         $
   LIST RATE, BASE OF COMPUTATION. AND NEGOTIATING AGENCY
                                                                                          OTAL J
                           PART I, SECTION D-2, FINANCIAL DETAIL - FACILITIES
FWPCA2H (Rtv 3-49) (Po9« 4)
                                                42

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                          PART 1, SECTION D-2, FINANCIAL DETAIL - FACIUTIE5
9
\
u
u
\
U
J
                                                                                      TOTAL N
                                                                                      t
                                              43

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                                   PART I, SECTION D-2. riHAMCUL DETAIL • FACILITIES
    -1ST NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES BY SKILLS. ANNUAL. SALARIES, AND TIME ON PROJECT BY % OR HOURS
                                                                                                           TOTAL O
    LIST BY CROUPS NAMED IN 'O' ABOVE (Social Security, Group Lift insurance, Retirement, etc.;
  S
 (O

  *
                                                                                                           TOTAL P
                      ITEM
                                                          HOW OBTAINED
QUAN-
TITY    UNIT  COST
                                                                                                           TOTAL
                                                                                           QUANTITY
                                                                                                           TOTAL. R
   LIST MAJOR ITEMS OF EQUIPMENT AND FACILITIES REPAIR, AND ESTIMATED COSTS
FWPCA 211 
-------
                                         PART I, SECTION E, PROJECT  SCHEDULE
                                                   1.  DATA ON CONTRACTS
 k   HAVE ANY CONTRACTS BEEN AWARDED'                                   __^ YES

    if YES, LIST THOSE AWARDED fGivf ptiriiose ui contract, name of contractor, licii!ion shall firoi-tde a detailed description o/ the project pliin, -;ti[)[>:irtini; information
        The dc'a npntjti shall he prepiitt-d in accordance with the Instruction.'  'fir cm':pletin^ Part II  !c .<.v.s'.
     /ica/ion.  ttejtin her? and use continuation  pages ns necessary, i


 S.6tion A, PROJECT PLAN
        211 (Rev 3-69) (Page 9)
                                                                                  o U. S. GOVERNMENT PHINTIM; (JKHLK : 1969 O - 3tn-7m
                                                             45

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                      APPENDIX C

          MINE DRAINAGE ABATEMENT TECHNOLOGY
In the United States today, one of the major sources of
water pollution is the drainage from mining.  The FWQA
estimates that more than 10,500 miles of streams in
Appalachia alone are polluted by the drainage from coal
mines that contains an estimated 6,000 tons per day of
acid.  Another reportl indicates that surface mining has
disturbed an estimated 3.2 million acres in the United
States.  Of this total, 95% of the disturbed acreage can
be attributed to the surface mining of the following
minerals:  coal - 41%; sand and gravel - 26%; stone, gold,
clay, phosphate, and iron - about 28%; and all others -
an estimated 5%.  In the Appalachia Study^, 63% of the
pollutional load was contributed by inactive or abandoned
surface and deep mines.

The quantities of pollution from the mining of the various
minerals and fuels has not been estimated.  A significant
portion of mine drainage pollution results from the mining
of coal and minerals.  Acid mine drainage  is formed when
minerals containing iron sulfides are exposed to the
atmosphere.  These sulfides oxidize to soluble compounds
which hydrolyze in water forming sulfuric  acid and iron
compounds.  The acid nature of the resulting drainage is
often responsible for the dissolution of other elements,
such as aluminum, calcium, manganese, magnesium, sodium,
copper, arsenic, and zinc.

The technology for the prevention and control of mine
drainage from surface mining is more advanced than for
underground mining.  Pollution from surface mining can be
significantly reduced or eliminated by a variety of
measures including:  segregating and burying acid-forming
materials; diverting surface waters away from the mining
area; removing drainage from the mining operation as
^-Surface Mining  and  Our  Environment,  U.  S.  Department of
 the  Interior, Washington,  D.  C.,  1967.

2Stream Pollution  by Coal Mine Drainage  in  Appalachia,
 U. S. Department  of the Interior,  Federal  Water Pollution
 Control Administration, Cincinnati,  Ohio,  1969.
                          47

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quickly as possible to  lessen  the  incidence of pollution;
partial or complete backfilling of the  surface mine  to
cover acid-forming materials;  establishing a vegetative
cover that will reduce  runoff  and  erosion; and establish-
ing impoundments which  both inundate  the  sulfide materials
eliminating further acid-forming reactions and reestablish
water resources in the  area.

Considerable research is presently being  performed on
various ways to prevent pollution  from  abandoned v ideiground
mining.  One measure which has been somewhat successful is
the sealing of the deep mine to flood all exposed surfaces.
Flooding stops further  oxidation of the sulfide minerals
consequently eliminating further formation of the pollutant
materials in the remaining drainage.  The sealing may also
abate mine drainage completely by  retaining all water in
the mine.

Other measures that have been  applied to  prevent pollution
from abandoned deep mines include:  sealing to prevent
the access of fresh air to the mine, diversion of surface
waters from entering underground mines, and rapid removal
of drainage within the  mine before it becomes contaminated.

The typical at-source control measures outlined above have
been successful on a limited basis  and are generally
applicable only to abandoned mines.

For those situations where at-source control will not be
effective, various methods for treatment  of the mine drain-
age may be applicable.  Neutralization of acid mine  drain-
age has been extensively used by the coal mining industry
to comply with State regulations-*.  Lime  is the most
commonly used compound  for neutralizing acidity.  This
treatment process generally consists of adding and mixing
the alkaline compound with the drainage,  aeration of the
drainage if ferrous iron is present, and  removal of  the
resulting sludge in a mechanical facility or earthen
settling ponds.  Methods for final  disposal of the sludge
include burial in the settling pond, removal to another
location for burial, discharge into abandoned deep mine
workings, or use of more sophisticated methods to lessen
3Heine, Walter N., and Giovannitti, Ernest F., "Treatment
 of Mine Drainage by Industry in Pennsylvania," Journal
 of the Sanitary Engineering Div., ASCE, Vol. 96, No. SA3,
 Proc. Paper 7362, June 1962, pages 743-755.
                          48

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its volume by dewatering or drying such as drying beds or
vacuum filters.

Neutralization removes the acidity, precipitates most heavy
metals from mine drainage, and produces a treated water
which usually will support the propagation of aquatic life.
Such water, however, is generally not suitable for potable
or industrial use without further treatment.  Other more
advanced technological processes exist for producing high
quality water from mine drainage.  Several of these have
been sufficiently tested on mine drainage to prove their
applicability or to substantiate the installation of a full
sized unit.  These processes presently include reverse
osmosis, ion exchange, and (MFS) distillation.
                          49

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                      APPENDIX D

                 TYPICAL DATA SOURCES



1.   Water Resources and Stream Quality Information

    A.  Federal Agencies

        United States Department of the Interior,  Federal
        Water Quality Administration, Crystal Mall,  Build-
        ing 2, 1921 Jefferson Davis Highway, Arlington,
        Virginia, Telephone (703)  557-7449

          Regional Offices

          United States Department of the Interior,  Federal
          Water Quality Administration, 33 E. Congress
          Parkway, Room 410, Chicago, Illinois 60605,
          Telephone  (312) 353-5250

          United States Department of the Interior,  Federal
          Water Quality Administration, 918 Emmet Street,
          Charlottesville, Virginia 22901, Telephone  (703)
          296-1376

          United States Department of the Interior,  Federal
          Water Quality Administration, 911 Walnut Street,
          Room 702, Kansas City, Missouri 64106, Telephone
           (816) 374-5493

          United States Department of the Interior,  Federal
          Water Quality Administration, John F. Kennedy
          Federal Building, Room 2303, Boston, Massachusetts
          02203, Telephone  (617) 223-7210

          United States Department of the Interior,  Federal
          Water Quality Administration, Room 501, Pittock
          Block, Portland, Oregon 97205, Telephone  (503)
          226-3915

          United States Department of the Interior,  Federal
          Water Quality Administration, 4676 Columbia Park-
          way, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, Telephone  (513)
           871-1820

          United States Department of the Interior, Federal
          Water Quality Administration, 1402 Elm  Street,
          Dallas, Texas  75202, Telephone  (214)  749-2161
                          51

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      United States Department of the Interior, Federal
      Water Quality Administration, 1421 Peachtree
      Street, N. E., Suite 300, Atlanta, Georgia 30309,
      Telephone (404) 562-5727

      United States Department of the Interior, Federal
      Water Quality Administration, 760 Market Street,
      San Francisco, California 94102, Telephone (415)
      556-4303

    United States Department of Commerce,  Environmental
    Science Services Administration, Room 411, Building
    5, Rockville, Maryland 20850

B.  River Basin Commissions

    Colorado River Board
    909 S. Broadway
    Los Angeles, California  90015

    Columbia River Gorge Commission
    920 N. E. 7th Avenue
    Portland, Oregon  97232

    Delaware River Basin Commission
    25 Scotch Road
    P. 0. Box 360
    Trenton, New Jersey  08603
    Member States:  Del., N.  J.,.N. Y., Pa.

    Great Lakes Commission
    2200 N. Campus Boulevard
    Ann Arbor, Michigan  48105
    Member States:  111., Ind., Mich., Minn., N. Y.,
                    Ohio, Wis., Pa.

    Great Lakes - Upper Mississippi Board of State
    Sanitary Engineers
    State Board of Health
    P. 0. Box 309
    Madison, Wisconsin  53701
    Member States:  111., Ind., Iowa, Mich., Minn.,
                    Mo., N. Y., Ohio, Pa., Wis.

    Interstate Commission on the Potomac River
    1025 Vermont Avenue, N. W.
    Washington, D. C.  20005
    Member States:  D. C., Md., Pa., Va.,  W. Va.
                      52

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Interstate Sanitation Commission
10 Columbus Circle
New York, New York  10019
Member States:  Conn., N. J.,  N. Y.

Klamath River Compact Commission
P. O. Box 388
Sacramento, California  95802

Mississippi River Commission
P. O. Box 80
Vicksburg, Mississippi  39180

New England Interstate Water Pollution Control
Commission
73 Tremont Street
Boston, Massachusetts  02108
Member States:  Conn., Me., Mass., N. H., N. Y.,
                R. I., Vt.

New England River Basins Commission
55 Court Street
Boston, Massachusetts  02108

Ohio River Valley Water Sanitation Commission
414 Walnut Street
Cincinnati, Ohio  45202
Member States:  111., Ind. , Ky., Ohio, Pa., N. Y.,
                Va., W. Va.

Pacific Northwest River Basins  Commission
110 E. 13th Street
Vancouver, Washington  98660

Pecos  River Commission
P. 0.  Box  123
Carlsbad,  New Mexico 88220

Resources  Advisory  Board
Southeast  River Basins Commission
Room 402
Walton Building
Atlanta,  Georgia  30303

Souris - Red  - Rainy River Basins  Commission
Suite  6
Professional  Center - Holiday Mall
Moorhead,  Minnesota  56560
                   53

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        Upper Colorado River Commission
        355 S. 4th East Street
        Salt Lake City, Utah  84111

        Yellowstone River Compact Commission
        P. O. Box 1696
        409 Federal Building
        Helena, Montana  59601

2.  Hydrologic Information

    A.  United States Army Corps of Engineers
        Chief of Engineers
        Department of the Army
        Washington, D. C.  20314

          Divisional Offices

          Huntsville
          P. 0. Box 1600 West Station
          Huntsville, Alabama  35807

          Lower Mississippi Valley
          P. 0. Box 80
          Vicksburg, Mississippi  39180

          Missouri River
          P. 0. Box 103 Downtown Station
          Omaha, Nebraska  68101

          New England
          424 Trapelo Road
          Waltham, Massachusetts  02154

          North Atlantic
          90 Church Street
          New York, New York  10007

          North Central
          536 S. Clark Street
          Chicago, Illinois  60605

          North Pacific
          210 Custom House
          Portland, Oregon  97209

          Ohio River
          P. 0. Box 1159
          Cincinnati, Ohio  45201
                          54

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      South Atlantic
      510 Title Building
      30 Pryor Street, S.  W.
      Atlanta, Georgia  30303

      South Pacific
      630 Sansome Street
      Room 1216
      San Francisco, California  94111

      Southwestern
      1114 Commerce Street
      Dallas, Texas 75202

B.  Geologic Survey
    United States Department of the Interior
    General Services Building
    18th and F Streets, N. W.
    Washington, D. C.  20242
    Telephone  (202) 343-1100

    Field Offices in 46 States

Geologic and Topographic Information

A.  Geologic Survey
    United States Department of the Interior
    General Services Building
    18th and F Streets, N. W.
    Washington, D. C.  20242
    Telephone  (202) 343-1100

B.  United States Department of Agriculture
    14th Street and Jefferson Dr., S. W.
    Washington, D. C.  20250

      Soil and Water Conservation Research Division
      Plant Industry Station
      Beltsville, Maryland  20705

      Soil Conservation Service
      Washington, D. C. 20250

      Offices in 50 States

C.  American Geologic Institute
    1444 N. Street, N. W.
    Washington, D. C.  20005
                       55

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4.  Meteorologic Information

    A.  World Data Center A
        Meteorology
        National Weather Record Center
        Ashville, North Carolina  28801

    B.  United States Weather Bureau
        United States Department of Commerce
        Gramax Building
        8060 13th Street
        Silver Spring, Maryland  20910

5.  Mine Drainage Technology - Formation, Control, and
    Treatment

    A.  Mine Drainage Abstracts - A Bibliography

        Prepared by:  Bituminous Coal Research, Inc.
                      350 Hochberg Road
                      Monroeville, Pennsylvania  15146

        For the:      Coal Research Board
                      Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
                      Department of Mines & Mineral Indus-
                      tries
                      Harrisburg, Pennsylvania  17120

        With the continuing interest in improving water
        quality in streams, a number of articles which
        relate to acid mine drainage have appeared in the
        current literature.  The Pennsylvania Coal Research
        Board has underwritten a project at Bituminous Coal
        Research, Inc., to publish annual supplements to
        Mine Drainage Abstracts - A Bibliography.

        A special library on Acid Mine Drainage established
        in 1961 at Bituminous Coal Research, Inc., under
        the sponsorship of the Coal Industry Advisory
        Committee to ORSANCO is the source of the Bibliog-
        raphy.  This collection now contains approximately
        1700 documents.

        The complete abstracts of this Bibliography through
        1969 is available from the Pennsylvania Coal
        Research Board at a cost of $3.05.
                           56

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B.  A Report by the Appalachian Regional Commission,
    1969, to the President, "Acid Mine Drainage in
    Appalachia"

    Available from:

      Appalachian Regional Commission
      1666 Connecticut Avenue
      Washington, D. C.  20235
                        57

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                        INDEX
Abatement
   Alternatives, 7
   Benefits, 9, 20, 25
   Costs, 20
   Effectiveness, 20
   Funds, 12
   Methods, 7, 15, 16, 25, 26
   Projects, 2, 5, 20
   Technology, 47

Administration, 6, 7, 9, 11, 19, 20, 21

Agency
   Authority, 7, 11, 12

Application
   Forms, 37-45
   Grants, 1
   Information, 1, 6, 10
   Instructions, 27-36

Backfill, 17, 48

Benefits, 9, 20, 26

Bore holes, 14

Condemnation, 12

Contracts,  35

Costs
   Administrative,  31
   Capital,  15,  19,  26
   Direct,  31
   General,  31
   Indirect,  31
   Operating,  15,  19,  26
   Project,  9,  18,  19,  26

Demonstration
   Project
       Administration,  5,  19,  21
       Alternatives,  1,  7,  11
                            59

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Demonstration  (cont.)
   Project
      Benefits, 9, 20, 26
      Construction 5, 15, 19
      Costs, 9, 15,  18,  19, 26
      Development Process, 5, 6, 7, 25, 26
      Economics, 2,  9
      Effectiveness, 9,  15, 19, 20, 25, 26
      Emergencies, 19
      Engineering, 2, 9, 15, 17
      Feasibility, 2, 5, 9
      Financing, 30, 33-35
      Funds, 12, 20, 32
      Implementation, 7, 13, 15, 21
      Legality, 7, 9, 11
      Legislation, 1, 2, 3, 7, 9
      Location, 3, 5, 11
      Objective, 3,  16
      Operation, 5,  7, 13, 15, 21
      Personnel, 19, 20, 30
      Purpose, 2, 16
      Schedule, 18,  21,  35
      Selection, 3,  5, 7, 11, 25, 26
      Specifications, 17
      Surveillance,  3, 12, 18
      Value, 2, 3, 9, 20

Diversion, 17, 18, 48

Drainage
   Analyses, 15, 18
   Diversion, 17, 18, 48
   Quality, 15, 18
   Quantity, 15, 18, 47

Drawings, 13, 16, 17

Drill holes, 14

Easement, 12, 32

Effectiveness,  9, 15, 19, 20, 25, 26

Enforcement, 12

Engineering, 2, 3
   Preliminary, 9,  15
   Design, 17
                           60

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Environment, 9, 15
   Economic, 9, 13, 15
   Political, 9, 13
   Social, 9, 13, 15

Feasibility study, 2, 5, 7, 8,  11-21
   Alternatives, 1
   Cost, 33
   Engineering, 3, 15
   Format, 3, 7, 23
   Inventory, 3, 5, 7, 13, 14
      Drainage sources,  3
      Uses ,  3
      Water resources, 13
   Legislative requirements, 2
   Preliminary to, 3, 25, 26
   Purpose,  11, 16
   Site selection, 3, 7, 11, 25, 26

Flooding, 17, 48

Flow
   Drainage, 15, 17
   Process,  16, 17
   Stream, 14, 48

Funds
   State, 7, 12
   Post-demonstration, 12, 18

Geology, 14

Grant,  1
   Applications, 1,  9, 27-45
   Evaluation, 1,  9, 19, 20
   Funding,  12, 32-35

Grout,  17

Guidelines
   Manual,  1-3, 6
   Feasibility study, 8,  11-21, 23

Holes,  13,  14

Hydrology,  9,  14

Inventory,  3,  5, 7,  13,  14,  25, 26

Jurisdiction,  7, 11
                            61

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Land
   Access, 12
   Acquisition, 12
   Condemnation, 12
   Costs, 32
   Easement, 12, 32
   Lease, 12, 32
   Ownership, 1
   Purchase, 12, 19

Lease, 12, 32

Legal Authority, 7, 11, 12

Legislation, 1, 2, 3, 7
   Needs, 9
   Requirements, 7
   Sub-committee reports, 2, 3
   Water pollution control, 1, 2

Location, 3, 12, 25, 26

Manual
   Guidelines, 1-3, 6
   Preliminary information, 3, 6, 25, 26

Maps, 13

Meteorology, 14

Methods
   Abatement, 7, 11, 15, 17, 25, 48
   Control, 15, 17, 25, 48
   Treatment, 16, 25, 48

Mine
   Background information, 13, 25
   Drainage, 1, 14, 25, 47
      sources, 1, 3, 25, 26, 47
   Flooding , 14, 17
   Geology, 14
   Ownership, 1, 12
   Minerals, 13, 47
   Sealing, 17, 48
   Selection, 5, 7, 25, 26
   Subsidence, 13
   Surface, 47
   Types, 13
                           62

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Mineral rights, 12, 33

Mining
   Future prevention of, 3, 7, 12, 13, 14
   Minerals, 1, 47

Neutralization, 48

Objectives, 3, 16

Operation, 5, 7, 13, 15, 21

Participation, 2

Patents and inventions, 29

Planning, 3, 25, 26

Pollution
   Abatement, 7, 11, 15, 17, 48
   Future, 3, 7, 12, 13, 14
   inventory, 5, 7, 13, 14, 25, 26
   Mine drainage, 1, 14, 25, 47

Population, 15

Process
   Description of, 16
   Flowsheet, 16
   Specifications, 17, 18

Project, see specifications demonstration project, 17

Property
   Access,  12
   Acquisition, 12
   Condemnation,  12
   Cost, 32
   Easement, 12,  32
   Lease,  12,  32
   Ownership,  1,  32
   Purchase, 12,  19,  32

Rainfall,  15

Reclamation,  17,  48
                            63

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Reports
   Feasibility study, 11-21
      Format, 7, 23
   Final, 3, 21
   Progress, 21

Revegetation, 17

Schedules,  18, 21, 35

Sealing, 17, 48

Site
   Project, 12
   Selection, 3, 7, 25, 26

Specifications, 17, 18

Stream
   Diversion, 17, 18, 48
   Flow, 14
   Records, 14
   Standards, 12, 25
   Quality, 12

Surveillance, 3, 12, 20

Surveys, 9, 13, 25

Technology, 26, 47

Topography,9,16

Treatment, 12, 16

Water
   Analyses, 9
   Demands, 13-15
   Pollution, see "pollution"
   Quality, 14
      Criteria, 12
      Standards, 12, 25
   Quantity, 14
   Requirements, 12
   Resources, 13-15
   Rights, 12
   Uses, 3, 15

Water Pollution Control Act, 1
                           64

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Water Quality Improvement Act - 1970, 2



Watershed, 2, 11, 14, 25
                            65

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