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WATER POLLUTION CONTROL RESEARCH SERIES
14010 FLW 07/70
Feasibility Study Manual-
Mine Water Pollution
Control Demonstrations
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR • FEDERAL WATER QUALITY ADMINISTRATION
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"AREA ACID AND OTHER MINE WATER POLLUTION CONTROL
DEMONSTRATIONS
"SEC. 14. (a) The Secretary in cooperation with other Federal
departments, agencies, and instrumentalities is authorized to enter into
agreements with any State or interstate agency to carry out one or
more projects to demonstrate methods for the elimination or control,
within all or part of a watershed, of acid or other mine water pollution
resulting from active or abandoned mines. Such projects shall demon-
strate the engineering and economic feasibility and practicality of
various abatement techniques which will contribute substantially to
effective and practical methods of acid or other mine water pollution
elimination or control.
"(b) The Secretary j in selecting watersheds for the purposes of this
section, shall (1) require such feasibility studies as he deems appropri-
ate, (2) give preference to areas which have the greatest present or
potential value for public use for recreation, fish and wildlife, water
supply, and other public uses, and (3) be satisfied that the project area
will not be affected adversely by the influx of acid or other mine water
pollution from nearby sources.
"(c) Federal participation in such projects shall be subject to the
conditions—
"(1) tha,t the State or interstate agency shall pay not less than
25 per centum of the actual project costs which payment may be in
any form, including, but not limited to, land or interests therein
that is needed for the project, or personal property or services, the
value of which shall be determined by the Secretary; and
''(2) that the State or interstate agency shall provide legal and
practical protection to the project area to insure against any activ-
ities which will cause future acid or other mine water pollution.
"(d) There is authorized to be appropriated $!.">,000,000 to carry out
the provisions of this section, which sum shall be available until
exjM*nded. No more than 25 per centum of the total funds available
under this section in any one yt-ar shall be granted to any one State.
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Feasibility Study Manual -
Mine Water Pollution Control Demonstrations
FEDERAL WATER QUALITY ADMINISTRATION
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
Program 14010 FLW
June, 1970
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This manual was prepared for release by the Federal Water
Quality Administration. Portions of this document are
based upon material supplied by the Cyrus Wm. Rice
Division, NUS CORPORATION, under Contract No. 14-12-848.
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ABSTRACT
This manual is to be used as a guide by State or interstate
agencies in uniformly performing feasibility studies for
projects proposed to demonstrate methods for the abatement
of mine drainage pollution as required by Section 14 of the
Federal Water Pollution Control Act as amended.
The required feasibility studies are to aid the Secretary
of the Interior in selecting the mine drainage pollution
control method or methods suitable for demonstration, and
also the optimum watershed where the effectiveness of the
project will have the greatest public value or uses.
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CONTENTS
Section Pace
1 INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY 1
2 MANUAL UTILIZATION 5
3 FEASIBILITY STUDY PREPARATION 11
4 FORMAT AND CONTENTS OF FEASIBILITY STUDY 23
APPENDICES
A Prefeasibility Planning 25
B Format of Application for Section 14
Demonstration Grant 27
C Mine Drainage Abatement Technology 47
D Typical Data Sources 51
INDEX 59
TABLES
2.1 DEVELOPMENT OF A MINE DRAINAGE ABATEMENT
DEMONSTRATION PROJECT PROPOSAL 6
2.2 FEASIBILITY STUDY PREPARATION,
ill
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SECTION 1
INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY
This manual describes the necessary procedures and informa-
tion required for submission of an application for a grant
under Section 14 of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act
as amended. It is recognized that all of the information
needed for a complete evaluation by the Federal Government
may not be available at the time of submission. It is
incumbent upon the applicant to appreciate the value of the
missing information, and to comment upon the significance
as related to the probable success of the project. The
applicant should point out alternative approaches which
minimize the detrimental aspects of not receiving such data
for evaluation by the Government.
It is strongly urged that the applicant contact the Federal
Water Quality Administration prior to initiating extensive
work upon any proposed project.
Mine drainage is discharged into various local water
courses and is carried by the natural flow of the streams
into the major rivers. Extensive intrastate and interstate
pollution problems are thus created. The pollutional
aspect of mine drainage is a product of chemical reactions
between air, water and the minerals found in and around
ore deposits. The more common pollutants found in mine
drainage may include acids, alkali, heavy or toxic metals,
hardness, chlorides, dissolved solids and suspended solids.
Upon dilution in the water course, the heavy metals fre-
quently oxidize producing a precipitate or sludge which
settles out as silt deposits and destroys bottom life in
receiving streams. Highly acidic or basic wastes may strip
all forms of life from a stream while some other wastes,
such as phosphate wastes, may act to stimulate undesirable
algal and vegetative growths in water courses. Mine drain-
age thus presents a serious pollution problem because of
the great quantities involved.
The most extensive mine drainage pollution problem is acid
drainage from coal mines and this problem is compounded by
the fact that a large fraction of the acid mine drainage
comes from abandoned and inoperative mines. Well over 90%
of the land involved in abandoned mines is in private
hands which poses severe limits on the abilities of govern-
mental units to deal with the problem.
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There are a variety of methods and techniques for mine
drainage pollution control. New methodology for such
control, particularly at source control, must be developed,
and existing treatment and control methods must be refined
and demonstrated. Specifically, the practicability and
economic feasibility of these methods when applied to field
scale applications must be more closely defined. In
addition, watershed area demonstration projects may provide
the opportunity to show ways of putting combinations of
these methods together into coordinated attacks on the mine
drainage sources from entire watersheds.
A report of the Committee on Public Works of the U. S.
Senate accompanying S.7, a bill to amend the Federal Water
Pollution Control Act as amended, repeated many times the
desirability of the proposed legislation for its assistance
in development of projects for the demonstration of feasible
and practical area-wide methods of controlling acid pollu-
tion resulting from mining activities. The report also
stressed the fact that these projects should demonstrate for
an entire watershed area the kinds of abatement techniques,
and land and water management necessary to eliminate pollu-
tion from mine drainage.
The Committee on Public Works of the House of Representa-
tives in its report accompanying HR.4148 also laid stress
on the desirability of projects that would demonstrate the
engineering and economic feasibility and practicality of
using single or multiple abatement methods in an area-wide
program within all or part of a watershed. The report also
stressed that the purpose of the cost sharing provision was
to encourage the states to participate to the greatest
extent possible so that there might be developed meaningful
projects which would produce the experience needed to
develop an effective control program.
The Water Quality Improvement Act of 1970, PL 91-224,
included a sub-section titled "Area Acid and Other Mine
Water Pollution Control Demonstrations," which became
Section 14 of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act as
amended. This section provides for the demonstration of
techniques for mine drainage pollution control and directs
that the Secretary shall require such feasibility studies
as he deems appropriate in selecting watersheds for the
purpose of the demonstration projects. Such feasibility
studies are to aid the Secretary in selecting not only the
mine drainage pollution control method or methods but also
the watershed or drainage area for such application. The
Act requires that the Secretary give preference to areas
which will have the greatest public value and uses.
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The feasibility studies thus must include an inventory of
mine drainage sources within the watershed, downstream
water uses, the benefits of pollution control, engineering
and economic feasibility of locating the project in the
selected area, the feasibility of protecting the project in
that area, and the feasibility of protecting the area from
future damage once remedial measures have been employed.
The Senate Committee report was very concerned about this
latter point, pointing out that the project clearly would
not be effective if it could be demonstrated that mine
drainage pollution in the project area could be controlled,
but similar pollution originating outside of the project
area continued to pollute the waters in the project water-
shed area.
The feasibility study must also identify in the proposed
drainage area the present and potential public uses such
as water supply, fish and wildlife enhancement, and
recreational values.
The principal purpose of this manual for feasibility studies
is to provide guidelines to be used by States, interstate
agencies, or their consultant engineering firms in perform-
ing feasibility studies of projects proposed to demonstrate
methods for the abatement or control of mine drainage
pollution resulting from active or abandoned mines. A
further purpose is that a feasibility study carried out in
accordance with the directions in this manual will provide
all information needed for selection of projects in con-
formance with the requirements of Section 14 of the Federal
Water Pollution Control Act as amended, and consistent with
the Legislative intent conveyed through the respective
committee reports. Following the guidelines of the manual,
all feasibility studies will be prepared in a similar
format that will allow comparison with other feasibility
studies prepared for other techniques in other watersheds.
The manual also contains in its Appendices a description of
the prefeasibility planning process. This section is
included to minimize the chances that the feasibility study
is performed on methods and watershed areas of little
interest or importance to the overall program. The Act is
specific in requiring that the demonstration projects con-
tribute substantially to effective and practical methods of
acid or other mine water pollution elimination or control.
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SECTION 2
MANUAL UTILIZATION
The following section of the manual outlines the process of
demonstration project development from inception to grant
application. Feasibility- study preparation is one aspect of
the project development process and it is considered in
substantial detail further in this Section and in Section
3. A brief discussion of the total project development
process is included to provide a context for the preparation
of the feasibility study.
The basic steps in the project development and execution
processes include:
a. Selection of a highly promising abatement method for
demonstration
b. Selection of a suitable site for project implementation
c. Determination of project feasibility
d. Execution of required administrative actions including
grant applications
e. Project construction
f. Demonstration or operation
g. Final report preparation
The project development process, steps a. through d./ is
illustrated graphically by Figure 2.1 and is discussed in
more detail in Section 3, "Feasibility Study Preparation,"
and Appendix A, "Prefeasibility Planning."
Prefeasibility planning is an iterative evaluation and
comparison of alternatives leading to project selection.
As indicated on Figure 2.1, prefeasibility planning includes
the process of selecting an abatement method to be demon-
strated, selecting a site for implementation of the demon-
stration project, and making a preliminary estimate of
project feasibility.
The inventory of existing conditions indicated on Figure
2.1 as an aspect of prefeasibility planning refers to a
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PREFEASIBILITY PLANNING
FEASIBILITY STUDY
GRANT APPLICATION
- 1
TASK 1
Define an Abatement Method
to be Demonstrated and
Determine the Conditions
Required for its Implamenta-
tion and Demonstration •
TASK 2
Inventory Mines and Streams
and Identify Those with the
Most Promise for Successful
Demonstration of the Selected
Method.
TASK "3
•Select tht; Project that offers
the Best Combination of Ef-
fectiveness and Costs,
1
TASK 4
Determine the Feasibility of
a Demonstration Project for
the Selected Method at the
Project Site.
TASK 5
Document Project Feasibility
and Initiate Administrative
Action to Obtain Approval and
Funding •
0\
1.1 Determine an abatement
method that might have
extensive application •
1.2 Define specific character-
istics of mines that would
be most suitable for imple-
mentation of a project to
demonstrate the selected
method,.
1.3 Define characteristics of
project areas that would be
most likely to support a
successful demonstration
project.
a. Identifiable pollution
sources
b. Public interest
c . Degree of abatement to
be realized through the
project
d. Visibility of project and
anticipated quality im-
provement
e. Scope of projsct
f. Existing and planned
water use
g. Expected public benefits
2.1 Inventory mines and
determine:
a. Location and type of
mine
b. Method of extraction
c. Drainage quality and
quantity
d. Activity and condition
of mine
2 .2 Inventory bodies of water
affected by mine drainage •
a. Water quantity and
quality
b. Water use
c. Location and impact of
pollution sources
2 .3 Screen out mine drainage
sources which do not lend
themselves to application
of the selected abatement
method.
2.4 Screen out mine drainage
pollution sources that show
little or no potential for
effective demonstration
projects.
a. Total control of mine
drainage pollution not
feasible
b. Surveillance not feas-
ible
c. Insufficient confidence
in success of demon-
stration
2.5 Select the most promising
sites as those that appear
to offer potential for abate-
ment within the scope of
the demonstration program
and that offer the greatest
potential for effective ben-
efits .
3 .1 Prepare preliminary designs
and cost estimates for de-
monstration project devel-
opment at each of the pot-
ential sites.
3.2 Screen out those projects
that are impractical from
engineering or total cost
aspects.
3.3 Estimate the effectiveness
of each alternative -
3.4 Select the project that
appears to provide the
best combination of costs
and effectiveness for de-
monstration of the selected
method.
FIGURE 2.1
4 .1 Analyze legal and juris-
dictional factors.
a . Identify administrative
structure responsible for
project
b. Determine water quality
standards
c. Determine mine ownership
d. Identify funding sources
e. Determine enforcement
authority
4.2 Inventory and forecast exist-
ing and expected conditions •
a. Site investigations
b. Characteristics of re-
ceiving waters
c. Social and Economic
environment
4.3 Preliminary Engineering .
a. Detailed project descrip-
tion
b. Abatement facilities
design
c. Surveillance facilities
design
d. Cost estimates
4.4 Evaluate effectiveness and
costs •
a. Estimate project eff-
ectiveness
b. Estimate total project
costs
c. Evaluate project
4.5 Prepare implementation and
operating plans •
a. Management plan
b. Operating plan
c. Design program
d. Construction program
5.J Prepare feasibility study
documentation.
5.2 Obtain State and local
government approval
and funding .
5.3 Prepare and submit a
request for approval
and funding •
a. Project description
and documented
feasibility study
b. Verification of State
and local approval
and funding
c. Plan for implement-
ation and continued
operation
d. Discussion of demon-
stration value and po-
tential applications to
the total mine drainage
abatement problem
e. Confirmation of
compliance with
legislative require-
ments
DEVELOPMENT OF A MINE DRAINAGE ABATEMENT DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
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preliminary identification and screening whereby the least
promising project sites are eliminated from consideration.
Alternative abatement methods should be reviewed in the
light of this preliminary inventory of mines and mine
drainage pollution problems in the State or region as well
as in the context of the overall national Mine Drainage
Abatement Demonstration Program.
Pollution sources should be carefully reviewed to identify
those which have the most potential for implementation as
a project to demonstrate the selected methods. To conform
with the requirements of the legislation establishing this
demonstration program, the demonstration project must be
selected such that it is protected from mine drainage
pollution originating above the project in the watershed
and such that public benefits will be generated to the
extent possible.
The selected project site and abatement method should have
the potential to effectively demonstrate a mine drainage
abatement method which has promise for extensive applica-
tion in a mine drainage abatement program. Major steps in
the prefeasibility planning process are outlined in
Appendix A. The criteria for selection of the abatement
method to be demonstrated and the site for project imple-
mentation should be documented as part of the feasibility
study as covered in Section 3.
Upon completion of the prefeasibility planning and the
selection of an abatement method and a project site, a
feasibility study must be prepared. This feasibility study
will identify the problems which will be encountered during
the implementation and operation of the project and will
document the proposed solutions to these problems. The
basic steps required for the preparation of a feasibility
study are outlined on Figure 2.2 and are discussed in more
detail in Section 3, "Feasibility Study Preparation." A
suggested format for the documentation and presentation of
the feasibility study and supporting information is
presented in Section 4, "Format and Contents of Feasibility
Study."
As a first step in the preparation of the feasibility
study, the existing legal and jurisdictional system affect-
ing the proposed project must be analyzed. A legal and
administration framework for the implementation and opera-
tion of the proposed project must be identified and
documented. This documentation should include such
pertinent data as enabling legislation, sources of funds,
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A.
Analysis of Legal and
Jurisdictional Factors
B.
Inventory and Forecast of
Conditions
' C,
Preliminary Engineering
D.
Evaluation of Effectiveness
and Project Costs
E.
Preparation of Implementation
and Operating Plans
A.I Determine the agencies
which will be responsible
for project implementation
and operation,
A.2 Ascertain legal basis for
administrative authority.
A.3 Determine existing and
proposed water quality
standards and their legal
basis. Determine ade-
quacy of surveillance and
enforcement procedures
which will affect the
project.
A.4 Determine mine owner-
ship and site and min-
eral rights acquisition
requirements and eval-
uate adequacy of legal
authority for condemn-
ation and acquisition.
A.5 Identify sources of funds,
legal basis for funding and
long term financial arrange-
ments for continued opera-
tion.
A.6 Establish that adequate
legal authority exists to
prevent future pollution
from sources outside the
project site.
A.7 Determine additional
legislation or revised
regulations which will
be required for the im-
plementation and oper-
ation of the project.
B.I Site investigations in-
cluding:
a. Characteristics of
mine
b. Locations of shafts,
boreholes and tunnels
c. Mine drainage effluent
quality
d. Sources of mine water
Inflow
e. Mine drainage outfalls
f. Subsurface conditions
g. Topography
h. Mine drainage quantity
B.2 Characteristics of receiving
waters -
a. Streamflow estimates
b. Floods and lowflow
characteristics
c. Rainfall and runoff
relationships
d. Stream quality
e. Other mine drainage
pollution sources
i. Other non-mine drainage
pollution sources
B.3 Social and Economic
Environment .
a. Population con-
centrations
b. Water uses including
water supply, recrea-
tion, irrigation, etc.
c. Quality requirements
of users
d. Potential impact of
project on expected
water use
C.I Detailed project description .
a. location plan
b. Site plans
c. Process chemistry
d. Expected impact of
project on mine drain-
age quality and/or
quantity
e. Treatment plant flow
diagrams
f. Preliminary operating
data
C.2 Facilities design .
a. Prepare preliminary de-
signs for foundations,
structures and supporting
equipment
b. Identify construction
materials
C .3 Locate and describe sur-
veillance facilities and
equipment.
C •* Prepare cost estimates
for pro)ect construction.
D.I Estimate measures of
project effectiveness.
a . Applicability of tech-
nique
b. Proportion of pollution
to be abated at the site
c . Unit cost of abatement
d. Extent of streams to be
improved
e. Assurance of success
f. Compliance with standards
g. Increased recreation po-
tential of stream
h. Improved water supply
D.2 Estimate total project costs.
a. Land and mineral rights
acquisition
b. Construction costs
c. Operating costs
d. Maintenance costs
e. Engineering costs
i. Administrative costs
D.3 Evaluate project effectiveness
in the light of project costs and
expected implementation diffi-
culties to determine feasibility
and desirability.
E . 1 Develop management plan
and identify agencies re-
sponsible for:
a. Overall project coor-
dination
b. Design
c. Construction
d. Operation
e. Surveillance
£.2 Develop detailed operating
plan and estimate personnel
requirements.
a. Determine available
manpower
b. Plan training programs
£.3 Prepare a design program-
a. Schedule
b. Design costs and funding
c. Personnel
d. Design Criteria
E.4 Prepare a construction program .
Schedule
Costs
Pi ^curement methods
Supervision of con-
suuction
FIGURE 2.2
FEASIBILITY STUDY PREPARATION
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proposed allocation of administrative responsibility, owner-
ship and surveillance. Additional legislation or adminis-
trative actions which might be required for project imple-
mentation should be initiated immediately so as to be
completed prior to application for demonstration grant funds.
An inventory of the existing and expected physical and
socio-economic environment of the proposed project site must
then be made in accordance with the guidelines of Section 3.
This inventory will provide supporting data for the design
of the project and for the estimation of effectiveness,
benefits and cost. Data collected during the inventory
phase must be included in the supporting documentation of
the feasibility study.
Based on the data collected in the inventory of physical
conditions, preliminary designs must be prepared to deter-
mine the physical practicability of the project as well as
the cost of development. Preliminary engineering should be
based on sound field survey data including laboratory
analyses of water quality, subsurface investigations, hydro-
logic and topographic data. The expected impact of the
project must be translated into measures of effectiveness
as described in Section 3, and project costs documented.
As a final step in the preparation of the feasibility study,
plans for implementation and continued operation should be
prepared.
The desirability and feasibility of a mine drainage abate-
ment demonstration project will be determined by a combina-
tion of factors including:
a. Technical feasibility
b. Demonstration value
c. Economics and public benefits
d. Political and jurisdictional factors
The dual criteria of desirability and feasibility are
included since a project or an aspect of a project might be
feasible, in the strict sense of the word, while the
difficulties and costs of the solution might outweigh the
value of the project. For example, if extensive legislative
changes are required to enable project implementation, these
changes might be possible but not without extensive delays
and political and economic costs which would be considered
excessive when evaluated in the light of expected project
effectiveness. The rationale for determining that the
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project is feasible and desirable should be included in the
summary of Section 3.
In addition to the preparation of the feasibility study and
supporting documentation, several administrative tasks must
be executed prior to obtaining a demonstration grant for
the proposed project. These tasks are outlined on Figure
2.1 and in Appendix B in terms of the resulting documenta-
tion which must accompany a request for funding under the
demonstration grants program.
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SECTION 3
FEASIBILITY STUDY PREPARATION
The feasibility study has as its purpose the determination
and collection of appropriate, meaningful data about a
proposed demonstration project (techniques and project site)
and the careful exposition of the benefits to be gained from
the proposed project. It is not a study of alternatives but
must confine itself to one project site and one proposed
solution. The site will be a watershed area with all of
that surface and subsurface drainage above the project site
being included. While only one project is to be considered
by one feasibility study, such project may include one or
more individual control methods at one or more locations
within the project's watershed area.
In performing the feasibility study, each of the major
steps in this Section 3 must be addressed in adequate
detail such that the merits and demerits are clearly evident
for the proposed project. The study need not be limited to
only those steps shown however.
A. JURISDICTIONAL FRAMEWORK
It is essential that the legal authority is clearly
established for the State or interstate agency to
engage in all facets of the demonstration project.
The agencies concerned with acquisition, design, con-
struction, and operation must be identified as well as
the orders and regulations under which they operate
relevant to the proposed mine drainage demonstration
project. How the project would operate under existing
legal authority is extremely important.
1. Cognizant Authority
State the legislation, regulations, or other orders
under which the State or interstate agency has
authority to work in mine drainage abatement. List
the subagencies responsible for contracting,
administering, and operating the proposed demon-
stration project and the scope of their operations
as well as their relevance to mine drainage.
Discuss clearly the adequacy of the present legal
and administrative structure to accomplish the
purposes of the project.
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2. Existing and Proposed Standards
List any present or proposed water quality standards
for the stream or streams involved. Show how any
stated quality requirements for treated effluents
are or are not relevant to the project. Discuss any
proposed higher public uses of the waters concerned
and the criteria associated with such uses. Discuss
how the project proposes to effect quality of the
drainage so as to meet the subject criteria.
Discuss the applicability of existing water quality
and land use standards for the proposed uses.
Discuss what agencies are charged with surveillance
and enforcement of standards and whether the
capability and authority exists to accomplish the
surveillance and enforcement required by the
project.
3. Site Acquisition
Determine the legal authority by which purchase of
lands, easements, condemnation, leases, or other
access control techniques of the proposed site may
be obtained. Discuss how and when site acquisition
will be accomplished within present legal authority
as well as the duration of such acquisition.
4. Authority for Funding
Determine the legal basis for the funding of the
proposed mine drainage demonstration project.
Discuss how such funding will be accomplished with-
in the present framework, the agencies involved,
and their authority. The post-demonstration aspects
of funding as well as the immediate aspects must be
set forth.
5. Water and Mineral Rights
Determine what water and mineral rights are involved
in the project and how, when, and for what term the
project would secure such rights under existing
legislation and regulations.
6. Prevention of Future Pollution
Specify clearly and in-depth the State's provisions
for legal and practical protection to demonstration
areas, which will assure the prevention of future
mine drainage pollution from any areas outside the
12
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proposed project site which would affect the
beneficial results of the project. Show how such
protection will be achieved under existing
authority for the duration of the proposed project
as well as for the post-demonstration project
period.
B. INVENTORY AND FORECAST
Analyze physical, economic, and social conditions in the
mine drainage abatement program area in sufficient
detail to generate the data required for planning,
implementation, and operation activities. Physical con-
ditions define the site, surface and subsurface, and
provide constraints on the abatement systems selected.
The inventory of water resources defines pollution
sources and levels in the project area and that affected
by it. Social and economic analysis will provide the
basis for forecasting water demands and evaluating
beneficial effects.
1. Physical Conditions
Determine the location of the project watershed and
its relevant features on U. S. Geological Survey
7 1/2' topographic maps. Complete surveys by ground
parties or aerial photography, or both, if neces-
sary. Show at least the following for the project
watershed:
a. Political jurisdiction such as county, munici-
pality, borough, township, city, etc.
b. Watershed boundary (surface and subsurface as
appropriate).
c. Location and official names of streams in water-
shed and of the receiving streams into which the
watershed discharges.
d. The minerals mined and, by mineral, the area of
mineral to be owned, leased or otherwise con-
trolled by the project and whether mined or
unmined.
e. The name, type of mine, status, and surface
areas mined and affected by surface mining.
f. The location of surface subsidence areas result-
ing from underground mining.
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g. The name, type and status of deep mine, loca-
tion of mine openings, and mine discharges,
and maps of mined areas.
h. The location of interconnections between
adjacent deep as well as surface mines.
i. The location of gas, oil, and water wells and
levels of producing formations of each.
j. The location of boreholes and elevation of
mineral seams.
k. Subsurface geology indicated from boreholes and
other sources.
1. The location of geologic faults.
m. Location of any surface or subsurface water
impoundment.
n. An analysis of the materials remaining that
could contribute to mine drainage pollution.
Discuss whether the physical information on the
project watershed gained from the foregoing survey
is adequate for the project. Show what is the
effect on the project of inadequacies or inaccura-
cies in the foregoing and how the proposed project
can compensate for such.
2. Water Resources
The quantity and quality of surface and subsurface
water in the watershed must be known as well as
the quality and quantity of existing mine drainage.
As the rainfall affects both of the foregoing, such
information is also desired seasonally. The
following information should be shown for the
project watershed:
a. The mean low, mean, mean high and high flow for
10 year period for each stream as well as
seasonal variations in mean flow.
b. Mean flow seasonally (at least one year) for
each mine discharge.
c. Annual withdrawals from any water wells and, if
available, any record of variation in water
table.
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d. Seasonal quality of water in streams and wells
with particular attention to those parameters
reflecting mine drainage pollution as well as
those covered by relevant stream standards.
e. Seasonal quality of mine drainage discharges
with emphasis on those parameters causing
pollution in receiving streams and subject to
alteration by the proposed demonstration
project. This shall include an analysis for
acidity or alkalinity, pH, COD, suspended
solids, dissolved solids, and significant
cations and anions.
f. Seasonal rainfall data including 10 year and
one hour maximum rainfall.
Discuss the sources of the water resource data and
its adequacy for the project. Show how the project
can compensate for inadequacies or inaccuracies in
the foregoing.
3. Social and Economic Environment
State the population and major industrial units and
their distribution in the watershed area and in the
downstream adjacent areas. Project the probable
changes in such social and economic environment for
the areas concerned.
Determine the water requirements, quality and
quantity, for municipal, industrial, recreational,
agricultural and power uses in the watershed and
in the adjacent downstream area.
Discuss the changes that the social and economic
environment will cause in utilization of the water
resources of the areas concerned. Show whether
the proposed mine drainage control project will aid
in meeting these requirements and also show what
changes in water utilization will be affected by
the project.
C. PRELIMINARY ENGINEERING
Give sufficient details of the proposed mine drainage
abatement methods, their application to the proposed
site, their capital and operating costs, and their past
use so that their effectiveness and the means of
implementation and operation can be clearly determined.
15
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It must also be clearly shown that the proposed project
will fulfill its purpose of demonstrating one or more
workable mine drainage pollution abatement or control
methods. It is not a research project with only
problematical prospects of success. Examples of infor-
mation desired are given under each of the following
headings. Additional information should be supplied
whenever relevant.
1. Abatement Method Description
Describe each abatement or control method employed
including the principle of operation. Give the
supporting past pilot or field experience, the mine
drainage control effected by the application, and
the interrelation between methods when more than
one is proposed.
2. Design (Preliminary)
a. Drawings
Show in appropriate drawings and maps the
following:
(1) The location and outline of the proposed
abatement or control methods and the
existing mine drainage abated or controlled
by each.
(2) The points at which remaining drainage or
treated discharge will occur and the course
taken by such to the stream or streams in
the watershed.
(3) Topography of the watershed after project
construction.
(4) In the case of treatment methods
(a) Process flow sheet from point of
collection through process to dis-
charge .
(b) General location plan with controlling
dimensions, grades and elevations.
(c) Plan and profiles of major units on
process flow sheets.
16
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(5) In the case of mine sealing
(a) The location of seals and grout cur-
tains to be constructed.
(b) The method of construction of the
seals and curtains.
(c) The extent of flooding of the mined
out area including elevation of pool
surface.
(6) In the case of backfilling
(a) The profile of the completed backfill
including its relation to the cut/
spoil bank, seam top and bottom, and
previous natural contour.
(b) The contour plan of the completed
backfill and adjacent areas.
(7) In the case of stream diversion
(a) The plan and profile of streams after
diversion.
(b) The cross sections of the diverted
channel.
(8) In the case of revegetation, the contour
and plan of the revegetated area.
Specifications
State at least the following for each of the
relevant abatement or control methods:
(1) The maximum, minimum, and average design
drainage flows and quality to be handled
by treatment methods.
(2) The unit dimensions, capacities, and
materials for each flow sheet component
for treatment methods.
(3) Materials of construction of seals, grout
curtains and diversion channels.
17
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(4) Composition of soils used in backfilling,
top grading, and revegetation.
(5) Volume and method of movement of soils in
backfilling and top grading.
(6) Minimum, mean, and 10 year maximum flows
in diverted stream channels.
(7) Types and sizes of plantings and seedings,
distribution, density, and estimated
survival.
(8) Soil preparation including amount and type
of soil additives or fertilizer.
(9) Method of planting or seeding.
c. Expected Mine Drainage Water Quality and
Quantity
(1) Minimum, average, and maximum values for
quantity of discharge, if any, from each
control method and from watershed includ-
ing brines, residues, and sludges.
(2) Average and maximum values for each quality
parameter including all those required for
effluent or stream standards for all dis-
charges, if any, from each control method,
from the watershed, and including brines,
residues and sludges.
(3) Analysis of the feedwater if treatment
methods are proposed.
d. Design and Construction Schedules
Give the planning, design, construction, start-
up and operating schedule. Include also the
operation schedule for the post-demonstration
period.
e. Program Surveillance Measures
State the types of results and the means by
which the results are accumulated and evaluated
during the demonstration and post-demonstration
period. Such results must include costs as
18
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well as quantitative and qualitative performance
of the project.
f. Program Emergency Procedures
State the significant emergency events that may
occur during the life of the project and show
both the impact on the project effectiveness and
what measures are planned to correct or prevent
such emergencies.
3. Capital and Operating Costs
a. Site Acquisition Costs
Give all legal fees, purchase or lease costs for
land, minerals, and for water rights.
b. Construction Costs
Give all costs of equipment purchases as well as
construction costs, and engineering fees.
c. Operating Procedures
Give administrative, purchasing, as well as
operating and maintenance procedures during both
demonstration and post-demonstration periods.
Give quantities of supplies required.
d. Personnel Requirements
Give requirements for administrative, operation,
and maintenance personnel, including job
description, experience level, and expected
compensation range.
e. Operating Costs
Give costs of operation and maintenance for both
personnel, supplies, and utilities. Include
allowances for purchasing, administration, and
surveillance.
D. EFFECTIVENESS OF PROJECT
Projects which provide the most effective demonstrations
of important abatement methods will be considered under
the demonstration grants program. All demonstration and
other public benefits which can be attributed to the
19
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project must be identified and presented in an orderly
manner for evaluation.
1. Demonstration Value
Provide the following measures of project effective-
ness :
a. The proportion of mine drainage pollution in the
State or area which might be abated by the
project.
b. The proportion of mine drainage pollution which
will be abated at the project site.
c. The approximate unit cost of abatement in
dollars per thousand gallons of polluted dis-
charge to be abated.
d. Annualized capital and operating costs per ton
of mine drainage pollutants removed. For acid
mine drainage, this should be dollars per ton
of acid.
e. The extent of streams and/or lakes to be
improved, and the degree of improvement by the
project.
2. Public Benefits
The public benefits of the project must be stated
and discussed in terms of the location of the
project relative to population concentrations, the
visibility of the project and of the improved water
quality and the extent of public interest in the
quality of the receiving waters. The following
must be included:
a. Increased recreation opportunity.
b. Increased industrial activity.
c. Increased agricultural activity.
d. Aesthetic improvement.
e. Improved habitat for fish and wildlife.
f. Compliance with quality standards.
20
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g. Income from sales of water.
h. Reduced costs for water users.
E. PREPARATION OF IMPLEMENTATION AND OPERATING PLANS
Plans and schedules must be developed for the implemen-
tation and operation of the proposed mine drainage
abatement demonstration project in addition to those
discussed under Preliminary Engineering, Section 3C.
These plans must include the schedules of required
action by the responsible agencies as given in Section
3A, construction, operating and maintenance budgets and
financial programs identifying sources of funds.
Present the following information:
1. Project responsibility and schedules for acquisi-
tion, design, construction, operation and
surveillance.
2. Project operation and maintenance budget for
demonstration and post-demonstration periods.
3. Financing plan and schedule.
4. Procedures and schedule for providing required
project personnel.
5. Plans for supervision of the entire project includ-
ing the post-demonstration period.
6. Names and qualifications of the proposed Project
Director and other principle personnel and their
authority to act. Personnel biographical informa-
tion should include title, degrees, and experience
pertinent to the project.
7. Responsibility for and schedule for project
progress reports and final project evaluation
report. The final evaluation report should include
an appraisal of the effectiveness of the project
as accomplished versus that as originally
estimated.
21
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SECTION 4
FORMAT AND CONTENTS OF FEASIBILITY STUDY
Section 3 of this manual contains the typical major items
that should be included in conducting a feasibility study
to demonstrate methods for controlling pollution from mine
drainage under Section 14 of the Federal Water Pollution
Control Act as amended. All feasibility studies will be
presented in the same format for ease of review by the
Federal Water Quality Administration when processing
applications for demonstration grants.
A typical feasibility report will contain the following
items, realizing however, that common sense will dictate
that all items may not necessarily apply to all studies.
1. Cover
2. Title Page
3. Table of Contents
4. List of Figures
5. List of Tables
6. Body of Report
a. Introduction
(1) Scope and Purpose of the Project
(2) General Description of the Project
(3) Effectiveness of Project
b. Jurisdictional Framework
(1) Authority
(2) Standards
(3) Site Acquisition
(4) Funding Authority
(5) Water and Mineral Rights
(6) Prevention of Future Pollution
c. Inventory and Forecast
(1) Physical Conditions
(2) Water Resources
(3) Social and Economic Environment
d. Preliminary Engineering
(1) Abatement Project Description
(2) Preliminary Design
(3) Capital and Operating Costs
e. Implementation and Operating Plan
7. Acknowledgments
8. References
9. Glossary of Terms, Abbreviations and Symbols
10. Appendices
23
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APPENDIX A
PREFEASIBILITY PLANNING
The conduct of a feasibility study for the application of a
proposed mine drainage pollution control method or combina-
tion of methods to a proposed watershed may involve con-
siderable effort and expense for the State or interstate
agency concerned. It is foreseen that such States or
agencies that desire to participate in the Demonstration
Program will want to conduct a prefeasibility study at a
much reduced level of effort in order to select a watershed
and an abatement or control program for it that will be
consistent with the overall Demonstration Program of the
Federal Water Quality Administration.
Prefeasibility planning is an iterative process involving
a survey of potential watersheds, demonstratable methods,
selection of proposed watershed and method combinations,
and fitting of alternatives into the overall FWQA Demon-
stration Program. The following tasks in the prefeasi-
bility study may be initiated in any sequence, however, all
steps should be undertaken before commencing effort on the
feasibility study itself.
1. Identify Existing Watersheds with Mine Drainage
Pollution in the State or Region Suitable for a
Demonstration Project. Particular attention should
be given to the following:
a. Existence of proper authority to acquire the sites,
conduct the study, conform to stream standards, and
to prevent future pollution at the site.
b. Existence of information on the type and magnitude
of mine drainage pollution in the watershed and its
effects on the watershed and its adjacent down-
stream areas.
c. The possible abatement or control methods that
would need to be employed in the watershed.
d. The effectiveness of a demonstration project at the
site as measured by the amount of mine drainage
abated and by the enhancement of the present and
potential public uses of the water in the watershed
and in adjacent downstream areas.
25
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2. Identify Demonstratable Mine Drainage Pollution Abate-
ment or Control Methods. Attention should be given to
the following:
a. Methods for which there is adequate prior experi-
ence in pilot or full scale operation to assure a
very high probability of success when properly
applied.
b. The size and type of site or quantity and quality
of flows required to demonstrate the engineering
and economic feasibility and practicality of the
abatement or control method.
c. Effectiveness of the method in abating or control-
ling mine drainage, and the quality of any dis-
charges including residues.
d. The approximate capital and operating costs of the
method.
3. Selection of Candidate Demonstration Projects
Based upon the general inventory of demonstratable
watersheds and abatement or control methods, select one
or two combinations that appear feasible'and establish
approximate estimates of project costs and the project
time schedule.
4. Fitting of Demonstration Project Alternatives into the
FWQA Mine Drainage Abatement Demonstration Project
Program
In a national program, it is expected that many propo-
sals for similar projects will be received and that
the sum of all those received may not adequately cover
the full scope of the national program. Other con-
siderations of priority and funding also will exist
that will enter in the selection of the proposals for
actual demonstration from those submitted. The State
or interstate agency should thus meet with the FWQA
to determine general interest in those projects the
agency proposes or to determine those types of
projects for which proposals may be desired by the
FWQA.
26
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APPENDIX B
FORMAT OF APPLICATION FOR
SECTION 14 DEMONSTRATION GRANT
The Water Quality Improvement Act of 1970 includes a portion
entitled "Area Acid and Other Mine Water Pollution Control
Demonstrations" which will be administered by the Federal
Water Quality Administration. Application for a grant under
Section 14 to demonstrate methods for the elimination or
control of acid or other mine water pollution may be made
through the FWQA Research, Development, and Demonstration
Grant Program.
This Appendix includes the application form No. 211 (Rev. 3-69),
and the "Instructions for Completing Applications For Section
14 Demonstration Grants."
27
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INSTRUCTIONS FOR COMPLETING APPLICATIONS FOR
SECTION 14 DEMONSTRATION GRANTS
Office of Research and Development
FEDERAL WATER QUALITY ADMINISTRATION
July, 1970
28
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INSTRUCTIONS FOR COMPLETING APPLICATIONS FOR
SECTION 14 DEMONSTRATION GRANTS
General Information
A grant application kit for Section 14 projects may be re-
quested from:
Project Coordination
Office of Research and Development
Federal Water Quality Administration
U. S. Department of the Interior
Washington, D. C. 20242
Review the following information contained in the grant appli-
cation kit for Section 14 projects before preparing an applic-
cation:
a. Feasibility Manual for Mine Water Pollution Control
Demonstrations.
b. Rules and Regulations for Research, Development, and
Demonstration Grants.
c. Patents and Inventions Article.
d. Clean Water Fact Sheets.
Submission of Application
Submit an original and 7 copies of each application and one
acknowledgement card to Project Coordination, FWQA.
Acknowledgement by FWQA
The applicant shall complete the acknowledgement card and
attach the card to the original grant application. The card
showing the date of receipt will be returned to the appli-
cant.
PART I, SECTION A, REQUEST AND CERTIFICATIONS
1. Type of Grant
Omit - This does not apply to Section 14 grants.
2, 3, and 4. Self-explanatory.
29
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5. Grant Director
The Grant Director is the person who has been assigned
responsibility for overall direction and management of
the project for the applicant. He must be an officer or
employee of the applying organization.
6. Project Director
The Project Director is the person who has been assigned
responsibility for the technical supervision of the pro-
ject. The Project Director and Grant Director responsi-
bilities may be assigned to one person if desired.
7. Self-explanatory.
8. Type of Application
New - A project not previously supported by an FWQA grant -
Indicate yes or no Section 14.
Revision - An existing grant project requiring additional
funds or other changes for completion within the grant
period.
Continuation - An existing grant project requiring addi-
tional time and funds or other changes for completion.
Where the application is for a revision or a continuation,
insert the original FWQA Grant Number.
9. Project Financing
a. For Total Project:
Total Project Period - estimated beginning and ending
dates for entire project.
Total Project Cost - estimated total cost for entire
project.
b. For this Request*:
Grant Period - estimated beginning and ending dates
of activity to be financed by requested grant.
* Section 14 grants are normally made for the total project
period. Continuation grants for additional grant periods
are subject to availability of appropriated funds and
successful development of the project.
30
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Applicant's share - project costs to be paid by
applicant during grant period.
Grant Requested - self-explanatory
Total - applicant's share plus grant requested.
10. Terms and Conditions
The signature must be in ink. Attach certified copy of
authorization made by the applicant's governing body
authorizing the signer to apply for a grant.
PART I, SECTION B, SUMMARY DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Self-explanatory
PART I, SECTION C, APPROVAL BY STATE
WATER POLLUTION CONTROL AGENCY
Omit - This does not apply to Section 14 grants.
PART I, SECTION D-l, FINANCIAL SUMMARY
1. Estimated Project Costs During Grant Period
A. thru J. - The amounts shown for each Budget Category
are to be taken from Part I, Section D-2, FINANCIAL
DETAIL. The first column should indicate the total
funds required for each budget category during the
grant period. The second column should indicate the
grant funds being requested for each item. Show the
totals of items A. thru I. in the appropriate space.
J. Indirect Costs - Indirect costs, as described in Bureau
of the Budget Circular No. A-21 (Revised), are those
costs which, because of their nature, are normally not
identified with specific or individual projects. A
grantee's general and administrative costs such as per-
sonnel management, accounting, purchasing, and normal
maintenance and protection of the grantee's facilities
are examples of indirect costs and shall not be charged
as direct costs unless, because of special circumstances,
an exception is specifically approved in advance by the
FWQA.
Indirect cost rates are established in one of the fol-
lowing ways: (1) by a previous Government agency audit,
(2) by the applicant's own cost accounting practices, or
31
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(3) by special computation for the grant project. The
latter two methods will require approval based upon Gov-
ernment audit, but a provisional r^te may be used until
an audit is performed. In these cases, provide a de-
tailed computation on a separate sheet to show how the
proposed provisional rate is determined. In no instance
may indirect cost rates be applied to contract exepndi-
tures for consultants, equipment, other contracts, or
construction. Enter cost in the appropriate space.
K. thru S. - The amounts shown for each Budget Category
are to be taken from Part I, Section D-2, FINANCIAL
DETAIL. The first column should indicate the total
funds required for each budget category during the grant
period. The second column should indicate the grant
funds being requested for each item. Show the totals
of items K. thru S. in the appropriate space and the
total project costs (A. thru S.) where indicated.
2. Proposed Funding
A. Applicant's Share - Cost sharing is required for all
grant projects. The minimum share of the total pro-
ject cost to be borne by the applicant is 25 per cen-
tum. One factor which will be considered in the evalu-
ation of a proposed project is the share of project
costs which the Applicant proposed to bear above the
minimum share required.
The applicant's share of the total project cost may
include:
1. Land
a. Cost if purchased in fee by State or inter-
state agency.
b. Cost of easement, if obtained by State or
interstate agency.
c. Assessed evaluation of lands already owned
by State or donated to State or interstate
agency.
d. Lease cost.
32
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2. Mineral Rights, cost if obtained by the State
or interstate agency.
3. Services, cost incurred in preparation of Feasibility
Study Report.
4. Material and Equipment
a. Current amortized value of dedicated equip-
ment.
b. Reasonable rental value (short duration).
B. Self-explanatory.
C. Total - The sum shall be equal to the total Project
Costs (A. thru S.).
3. Support to be Used for the Project
Identify the support by source and date available. If an
election is required for issue of bonds or levy of taxes,
etc., state results and date if held, or plans and pro-
posed date if not yet held.
PART I, SECTION D-2, FINANCIAL DETAIL
RESEARCH/DEVELOPMENT/DEMONSTRATION STUDIES
The estimate of funds required shall be as accurate as circum-
stances permit. Where the project is incorporated with and
only a portion of a larger project, such as a public works
project, only the costs relating to the smaller project shall
be listed. Where requested information is not applicable,
insert N.A. in the space provided.
A. Salaries and Wages - Name principal personnel to be
engaged on the project and other personnel (by number
of employees). Where applicable provisions of Bureau
of the Budget Circular A-21 (Revised), Section B 7,
Stipulated Salary Support, shall be included relating
to professorial staff support.
B. Fringe Benefits - Name principal personnel and number
of other personnel to be engaged on the project; and
opposite each, list the types, basis of computation,
and amount of fringe benefit costs for this project.
This section is to be utilized only if the applicant's
established policies treat fringe benefits as direct
costs.
33
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C. Self-explanatory.
D. Equipment - Cost of equipment to be used on the project
shall be detailed here. Indicate whether the equipment
will be purchased, rented, or furnished by the applicant
If furnished by the applicant, give details on com-
putation of use allowance requested on separate sheets.
Documented justification for purchase of equipment must
be available for audit purposes.
E. thru F. Self-explanatory.
G. Publication Costs - Detailed letter reports shall be re-
quired monthly (5 copies) and a detailed quarterly report
(5 copies) shall be required that summarizes all work
that has been performed during the preceeding three
months. These reports shall be submitted within 15 days
after the completion of each work period, monthly or
quarterly, respectively. No monthly report is required
in those months in which a quarterly report is submitted
A draft final report (5 copies) shall be submitted with-"
in 30 days after the completion of the project work. A
final report shall be submitted within an additional 3o
days after FWQA approval. The final report shall be sub-
mitted in accordance with the current Final Report Speci-
fications for Grant, Contract, and In-House Projects.
H. Other - Identify the nature, purpose/ and estimated
costs of all items not identified in other categories.
I. thru J. Self-explanatory.
PART I, SECTION D-2, FINANCIAL DETAIL
FACILITIES
K. Construction - Engineering Plans - Provide an estimate
of the cost of preparation of plans and specifications.
L. Construction - Supervision - Provide an estimate of the
cost of supervision of construction.
M. Construction - Contracts - List anticipated and known
contracts(including site construction and identifying
numbers) for construction/ alterations and renovations
and describe the purpose and estimated costs for each.
If construction is to be phased or otherwise divided,"
list funds required for the later contracts and des-
cribe the purpose and estimated cost of each. Provide
a total of estimated costs for this category.
34
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N. Construction - Materials - Cost of materials and equip-
ment to be used in the construction portion of the pro-
ject and to be furnished by the applicant shall be
detailed here. Indicate whether the equipment will be
purchased, rented, or furnished by the applicant. If
furnished by the applicant, give details on computation
of use allowance requested on separate sheets. If
construction work, or a portion thereof, will be per-
formed by the applicant's personnel, include "Force
Account" in this category and give details (number of
persons, time or effort, payroll costs). Provide a
total of estimated costs for this category. Documented
justification for purchase of equipment related to this
project must be available for audit purposes. Do not
duplicate any cost included in item D.
O. thru S. Self-explanatory. These items refer to the
technical services and operation and maintenance acti-
vities associated with the construction facilities
phase of the project.
PART I, SECTION E, PROJECT SCHEDULE
1. Data on Contracts
If any contracts have been let which will involve project
funds, so indicate. This includes feasibility studies,
construction, engineering services, land acquisition, etc.;
the listing should include the purposes of the contracts,
name of contractors, and date of contracts. A copy of any
contract already let should be submitted with the appli-
cation.
2. Schedule
Self-explanatory.
PART II, DETAILED PROJECT DESCRIPTION
AND SUPPORTING INFORMATION
PART II, SECTION A of the application shall include the Feasi-
bility Study Report prepared in accordance with the Feasibility
Study Manual for Mine Water Pollution Control Demonstrations.
PART II, SECTION B of the application shall list all active
research, development, and demonstration projects in which the
proposed Project Director is engaged. For each project, the
following shall be identified:
35
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a. Supporting agency or organization
b. Grant or contract number
c. Title of project
d. Time (hours) or effort (percent of total working time)
of the Project Director
e. Estimated project costs
f. Project period with dates
Identify any other agencies or organization to which this
application has been submitted.
36
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U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
FEDERAL WATER POLLUTION CONTROL ADMINISTRATION
WASHINGTON, D. C. 20242
APPLICATION FOR
RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT. AND DEMONSTRATION GRANT
t:UTCA CVr7 O.VI.V
PROG R AM NO .
ACCOUNT NO.
DATE RECEIVED:
PART I, SECTION A, REQUEST AND CERTIFICATION
I. TYP^OF°Pf'NT
Q] RESEARCH
CLASS II - CLASS III - STORM 4 _ CLASS IV - ADVANCED _ CLASS V-
DEMONSTRATION LJ COMBINED SEWER \_\ WASTE TREATMENT _ \_~] INDUSTRIAL WASTE
2. Tl TL E OF PROJECT
3. APPLYING ORGANIZATION AND MAI LING ADDRESS (ZIP Code)
4 PROJECT LOCATION AND MAILING ADDRESS (ZIP Code)
5. GRANT DIRECTOR: MAILING ADDRE SS f ZIP Code) AND
TELEPHONE NO.
6. PROJECT DIRECTOR: MAILING A DDRE SS ( ZIP Code) AND
TELEPHONE NO.
7. FINANCIAL OFF 1C ER f To Receive Oran! Funds J, MAILING
ADDRESSfZ/P Code) AND TELEPHONE NO.
8. TYPE OF APPLICA1
riONf A appropriate box)
NEW
REVISION (TO):
CONTINUATION (OF):
FWPCA GRANT NO:
9. PROJECT FINANCING
a. FOR TOTAL PROJECT:
TOTAL PROJECT IFROMI
PERIOD:
TOTAL PROJECT COST:
IT HROUGH)
$
b. FOR THIS REQUEST:
GRANT PERIOD:
-------
PART I, SECTION B, SUMMARY DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
GIVE A BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT, SUMMARIZING THE PROJ ECT OBJECTIVES AND PLAN OF OPERATION DESCRIBErT
IN THE DETAILED PROJECT PLAN (PART II, SECTION A). (Limit the summary to the space provided) °
PART I, SECTION C, APPROVAL BY STATE WATER POLLUTION CONTROL AGENCY (it applicable
TITLE OF PROJECT
GRANT APPLICANT
The project described above, if carried out in accordance with the proposed plan of operation, is hereby approved
NAME OF OFFICIAL STATE WATER POLLUTION CONTROL AGENCY
SIGNATURE OF RESPONSIBLE OFFICER
TITLE OF OFFICER
FWPCA 211 (Rev 3-69) (Pog* 2)
38
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PART 1, SECTION D-1, FINANCIAL SUMMARY
1. ESTIMATED PROJECT COSTS DURING GRANT PERIOD
ITEM
PROPOSED BY APPLICANT
PER'IOD GRANT REQUESTED
F WPCA USE ONLY
A. SALARIES AND WAGES
B. FRINGE BENEFITS
C. CONSULTANT SERVICES
D. EQUIPMENT
E. SUPPLIES
- TRA\/EL
lUl
0|
G. PUBLICATION COSTS
H. OTHER
I. CONTRACTS
TOTAL DIRECT COSTS (A thru I)
INDIRECT COSTS
TOTAL R/D/D STUDIES (A thru J)
K. CONSTRUCTION-ENGINEERING PLANS
[_. CONSTRUCTION - SUPERVISION
M. CONSTRUCTION - CONTRACTS
M. CONSTRUCTION - MATERIALS
TOTAL CONSTRUCTION (K »hru N)
O. OPERATION - SALARIES & WAGES
p. OPERATION - FRINGE BENEFITS
Q. OPERATION - SUPPLIES
R. OPERATION - UTILITIES
S. OPERATION - REPAIRS
TOTAL OPERATION (0 thru S)
TOTAL FACILITIES (K thru S)
TOTAL PROJECT COSTS (A thru S)
FWPCA 211 <"«»• 3-69) (Page 3)
39
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PART I, SECTION D-l. FINANCIAL SUMMARY (Continued)
2. PROPOSED FUNDING
ITEM
A. APPLICANT'S SHARE
B. GRANT REQUESTED
C. TOTAL
PROPOSED BY APPLICANT
PERCENT
100
FUNDS
$
$
FWPCA USE ONLY
PERCENT
100
FUNDS
$
s
ITEM
A. CASH
B. GENERAL OBLIGATION BONDS
C. REVENUE BONDS OR CERTIFICATES
D. OTHER (Specify)
E. ANTICIPATED FWPCA GRANT
f. TOTAL
DATE AVAILABLE
AMOUNT
S
s
REMARKS
FWPCA 211
-------
PART I, SECTION D-2, FINANCIAL DETAIL • RESEARCH/DCVELOPMENT/DEMONSTRATION STUDIES
POSITION
PROFESSION
OP SKILL
ANNUAL
SALARY
•IME. ON
ROJECT
<7c or hrs
NAME
TYPES OF BBNE^ITJ (Social Security, Group Life Insurance, Retirement, etc.)
OTAL B
CONSULTANT (if known)
SERVICES TO BE PERFORMED
HOW OBTAINED (purshase, rental, famished by applicant)
HOW OBTAINED (•• in D. above)
QUAN-
UNIT
.COST
TOTAL D
TOTAL E
I
FWPCA 211 (K*v 3-6') (P"9« 5)
41
-------
PART I, SECTION 0-2, FINANCIAL DETAIL • ReSCARCH/OEVELOPMENT/PEMONSTRATIOH STUDIES i
TRAVELER
DESTINATION AND PURPOSE
NO. OF
TRIP?
COST PER
TBIP
COST
u.
TOTAL F
*
I TEM
ITEM
PURPOSE
'OTAL H
LIST ANTICIPATED CONTRACTS BY PURPOSE, PROBABLE CONTRACTOR IF KNOWN, AND ESTIMATED COST
TOTAL 1
$
LIST RATE, BASE OF COMPUTATION. AND NEGOTIATING AGENCY
OTAL J
PART I, SECTION D-2, FINANCIAL DETAIL - FACILITIES
FWPCA2H (Rtv 3-49) (Po9« 4)
42
-------
PART 1, SECTION D-2, FINANCIAL DETAIL - FACIUTIE5
9
\
u
u
\
U
J
TOTAL N
t
43
-------
PART I, SECTION D-2. riHAMCUL DETAIL • FACILITIES
-1ST NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES BY SKILLS. ANNUAL. SALARIES, AND TIME ON PROJECT BY % OR HOURS
TOTAL O
LIST BY CROUPS NAMED IN 'O' ABOVE (Social Security, Group Lift insurance, Retirement, etc.;
S
(O
*
TOTAL P
ITEM
HOW OBTAINED
QUAN-
TITY UNIT COST
TOTAL
QUANTITY
TOTAL. R
LIST MAJOR ITEMS OF EQUIPMENT AND FACILITIES REPAIR, AND ESTIMATED COSTS
FWPCA 211
-------
PART I, SECTION E, PROJECT SCHEDULE
1. DATA ON CONTRACTS
k HAVE ANY CONTRACTS BEEN AWARDED' __^ YES
if YES, LIST THOSE AWARDED fGivf ptiriiose ui contract, name of contractor, licii!ion shall firoi-tde a detailed description o/ the project pliin, -;ti[)[>:irtini; information
The dc'a npntjti shall he prepiitt-d in accordance with the Instruction.' 'fir cm':pletin^ Part II !c .<.v.s'.
/ica/ion. ttejtin her? and use continuation pages ns necessary, i
S.6tion A, PROJECT PLAN
211 (Rev 3-69) (Page 9)
o U. S. GOVERNMENT PHINTIM; (JKHLK : 1969 O - 3tn-7m
45
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APPENDIX C
MINE DRAINAGE ABATEMENT TECHNOLOGY
In the United States today, one of the major sources of
water pollution is the drainage from mining. The FWQA
estimates that more than 10,500 miles of streams in
Appalachia alone are polluted by the drainage from coal
mines that contains an estimated 6,000 tons per day of
acid. Another reportl indicates that surface mining has
disturbed an estimated 3.2 million acres in the United
States. Of this total, 95% of the disturbed acreage can
be attributed to the surface mining of the following
minerals: coal - 41%; sand and gravel - 26%; stone, gold,
clay, phosphate, and iron - about 28%; and all others -
an estimated 5%. In the Appalachia Study^, 63% of the
pollutional load was contributed by inactive or abandoned
surface and deep mines.
The quantities of pollution from the mining of the various
minerals and fuels has not been estimated. A significant
portion of mine drainage pollution results from the mining
of coal and minerals. Acid mine drainage is formed when
minerals containing iron sulfides are exposed to the
atmosphere. These sulfides oxidize to soluble compounds
which hydrolyze in water forming sulfuric acid and iron
compounds. The acid nature of the resulting drainage is
often responsible for the dissolution of other elements,
such as aluminum, calcium, manganese, magnesium, sodium,
copper, arsenic, and zinc.
The technology for the prevention and control of mine
drainage from surface mining is more advanced than for
underground mining. Pollution from surface mining can be
significantly reduced or eliminated by a variety of
measures including: segregating and burying acid-forming
materials; diverting surface waters away from the mining
area; removing drainage from the mining operation as
^-Surface Mining and Our Environment, U. S. Department of
the Interior, Washington, D. C., 1967.
2Stream Pollution by Coal Mine Drainage in Appalachia,
U. S. Department of the Interior, Federal Water Pollution
Control Administration, Cincinnati, Ohio, 1969.
47
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quickly as possible to lessen the incidence of pollution;
partial or complete backfilling of the surface mine to
cover acid-forming materials; establishing a vegetative
cover that will reduce runoff and erosion; and establish-
ing impoundments which both inundate the sulfide materials
eliminating further acid-forming reactions and reestablish
water resources in the area.
Considerable research is presently being performed on
various ways to prevent pollution from abandoned v ideiground
mining. One measure which has been somewhat successful is
the sealing of the deep mine to flood all exposed surfaces.
Flooding stops further oxidation of the sulfide minerals
consequently eliminating further formation of the pollutant
materials in the remaining drainage. The sealing may also
abate mine drainage completely by retaining all water in
the mine.
Other measures that have been applied to prevent pollution
from abandoned deep mines include: sealing to prevent
the access of fresh air to the mine, diversion of surface
waters from entering underground mines, and rapid removal
of drainage within the mine before it becomes contaminated.
The typical at-source control measures outlined above have
been successful on a limited basis and are generally
applicable only to abandoned mines.
For those situations where at-source control will not be
effective, various methods for treatment of the mine drain-
age may be applicable. Neutralization of acid mine drain-
age has been extensively used by the coal mining industry
to comply with State regulations-*. Lime is the most
commonly used compound for neutralizing acidity. This
treatment process generally consists of adding and mixing
the alkaline compound with the drainage, aeration of the
drainage if ferrous iron is present, and removal of the
resulting sludge in a mechanical facility or earthen
settling ponds. Methods for final disposal of the sludge
include burial in the settling pond, removal to another
location for burial, discharge into abandoned deep mine
workings, or use of more sophisticated methods to lessen
3Heine, Walter N., and Giovannitti, Ernest F., "Treatment
of Mine Drainage by Industry in Pennsylvania," Journal
of the Sanitary Engineering Div., ASCE, Vol. 96, No. SA3,
Proc. Paper 7362, June 1962, pages 743-755.
48
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its volume by dewatering or drying such as drying beds or
vacuum filters.
Neutralization removes the acidity, precipitates most heavy
metals from mine drainage, and produces a treated water
which usually will support the propagation of aquatic life.
Such water, however, is generally not suitable for potable
or industrial use without further treatment. Other more
advanced technological processes exist for producing high
quality water from mine drainage. Several of these have
been sufficiently tested on mine drainage to prove their
applicability or to substantiate the installation of a full
sized unit. These processes presently include reverse
osmosis, ion exchange, and (MFS) distillation.
49
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APPENDIX D
TYPICAL DATA SOURCES
1. Water Resources and Stream Quality Information
A. Federal Agencies
United States Department of the Interior, Federal
Water Quality Administration, Crystal Mall, Build-
ing 2, 1921 Jefferson Davis Highway, Arlington,
Virginia, Telephone (703) 557-7449
Regional Offices
United States Department of the Interior, Federal
Water Quality Administration, 33 E. Congress
Parkway, Room 410, Chicago, Illinois 60605,
Telephone (312) 353-5250
United States Department of the Interior, Federal
Water Quality Administration, 918 Emmet Street,
Charlottesville, Virginia 22901, Telephone (703)
296-1376
United States Department of the Interior, Federal
Water Quality Administration, 911 Walnut Street,
Room 702, Kansas City, Missouri 64106, Telephone
(816) 374-5493
United States Department of the Interior, Federal
Water Quality Administration, John F. Kennedy
Federal Building, Room 2303, Boston, Massachusetts
02203, Telephone (617) 223-7210
United States Department of the Interior, Federal
Water Quality Administration, Room 501, Pittock
Block, Portland, Oregon 97205, Telephone (503)
226-3915
United States Department of the Interior, Federal
Water Quality Administration, 4676 Columbia Park-
way, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, Telephone (513)
871-1820
United States Department of the Interior, Federal
Water Quality Administration, 1402 Elm Street,
Dallas, Texas 75202, Telephone (214) 749-2161
51
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United States Department of the Interior, Federal
Water Quality Administration, 1421 Peachtree
Street, N. E., Suite 300, Atlanta, Georgia 30309,
Telephone (404) 562-5727
United States Department of the Interior, Federal
Water Quality Administration, 760 Market Street,
San Francisco, California 94102, Telephone (415)
556-4303
United States Department of Commerce, Environmental
Science Services Administration, Room 411, Building
5, Rockville, Maryland 20850
B. River Basin Commissions
Colorado River Board
909 S. Broadway
Los Angeles, California 90015
Columbia River Gorge Commission
920 N. E. 7th Avenue
Portland, Oregon 97232
Delaware River Basin Commission
25 Scotch Road
P. 0. Box 360
Trenton, New Jersey 08603
Member States: Del., N. J.,.N. Y., Pa.
Great Lakes Commission
2200 N. Campus Boulevard
Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105
Member States: 111., Ind., Mich., Minn., N. Y.,
Ohio, Wis., Pa.
Great Lakes - Upper Mississippi Board of State
Sanitary Engineers
State Board of Health
P. 0. Box 309
Madison, Wisconsin 53701
Member States: 111., Ind., Iowa, Mich., Minn.,
Mo., N. Y., Ohio, Pa., Wis.
Interstate Commission on the Potomac River
1025 Vermont Avenue, N. W.
Washington, D. C. 20005
Member States: D. C., Md., Pa., Va., W. Va.
52
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Interstate Sanitation Commission
10 Columbus Circle
New York, New York 10019
Member States: Conn., N. J., N. Y.
Klamath River Compact Commission
P. O. Box 388
Sacramento, California 95802
Mississippi River Commission
P. O. Box 80
Vicksburg, Mississippi 39180
New England Interstate Water Pollution Control
Commission
73 Tremont Street
Boston, Massachusetts 02108
Member States: Conn., Me., Mass., N. H., N. Y.,
R. I., Vt.
New England River Basins Commission
55 Court Street
Boston, Massachusetts 02108
Ohio River Valley Water Sanitation Commission
414 Walnut Street
Cincinnati, Ohio 45202
Member States: 111., Ind. , Ky., Ohio, Pa., N. Y.,
Va., W. Va.
Pacific Northwest River Basins Commission
110 E. 13th Street
Vancouver, Washington 98660
Pecos River Commission
P. 0. Box 123
Carlsbad, New Mexico 88220
Resources Advisory Board
Southeast River Basins Commission
Room 402
Walton Building
Atlanta, Georgia 30303
Souris - Red - Rainy River Basins Commission
Suite 6
Professional Center - Holiday Mall
Moorhead, Minnesota 56560
53
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Upper Colorado River Commission
355 S. 4th East Street
Salt Lake City, Utah 84111
Yellowstone River Compact Commission
P. O. Box 1696
409 Federal Building
Helena, Montana 59601
2. Hydrologic Information
A. United States Army Corps of Engineers
Chief of Engineers
Department of the Army
Washington, D. C. 20314
Divisional Offices
Huntsville
P. 0. Box 1600 West Station
Huntsville, Alabama 35807
Lower Mississippi Valley
P. 0. Box 80
Vicksburg, Mississippi 39180
Missouri River
P. 0. Box 103 Downtown Station
Omaha, Nebraska 68101
New England
424 Trapelo Road
Waltham, Massachusetts 02154
North Atlantic
90 Church Street
New York, New York 10007
North Central
536 S. Clark Street
Chicago, Illinois 60605
North Pacific
210 Custom House
Portland, Oregon 97209
Ohio River
P. 0. Box 1159
Cincinnati, Ohio 45201
54
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South Atlantic
510 Title Building
30 Pryor Street, S. W.
Atlanta, Georgia 30303
South Pacific
630 Sansome Street
Room 1216
San Francisco, California 94111
Southwestern
1114 Commerce Street
Dallas, Texas 75202
B. Geologic Survey
United States Department of the Interior
General Services Building
18th and F Streets, N. W.
Washington, D. C. 20242
Telephone (202) 343-1100
Field Offices in 46 States
Geologic and Topographic Information
A. Geologic Survey
United States Department of the Interior
General Services Building
18th and F Streets, N. W.
Washington, D. C. 20242
Telephone (202) 343-1100
B. United States Department of Agriculture
14th Street and Jefferson Dr., S. W.
Washington, D. C. 20250
Soil and Water Conservation Research Division
Plant Industry Station
Beltsville, Maryland 20705
Soil Conservation Service
Washington, D. C. 20250
Offices in 50 States
C. American Geologic Institute
1444 N. Street, N. W.
Washington, D. C. 20005
55
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4. Meteorologic Information
A. World Data Center A
Meteorology
National Weather Record Center
Ashville, North Carolina 28801
B. United States Weather Bureau
United States Department of Commerce
Gramax Building
8060 13th Street
Silver Spring, Maryland 20910
5. Mine Drainage Technology - Formation, Control, and
Treatment
A. Mine Drainage Abstracts - A Bibliography
Prepared by: Bituminous Coal Research, Inc.
350 Hochberg Road
Monroeville, Pennsylvania 15146
For the: Coal Research Board
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
Department of Mines & Mineral Indus-
tries
Harrisburg, Pennsylvania 17120
With the continuing interest in improving water
quality in streams, a number of articles which
relate to acid mine drainage have appeared in the
current literature. The Pennsylvania Coal Research
Board has underwritten a project at Bituminous Coal
Research, Inc., to publish annual supplements to
Mine Drainage Abstracts - A Bibliography.
A special library on Acid Mine Drainage established
in 1961 at Bituminous Coal Research, Inc., under
the sponsorship of the Coal Industry Advisory
Committee to ORSANCO is the source of the Bibliog-
raphy. This collection now contains approximately
1700 documents.
The complete abstracts of this Bibliography through
1969 is available from the Pennsylvania Coal
Research Board at a cost of $3.05.
56
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B. A Report by the Appalachian Regional Commission,
1969, to the President, "Acid Mine Drainage in
Appalachia"
Available from:
Appalachian Regional Commission
1666 Connecticut Avenue
Washington, D. C. 20235
57
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INDEX
Abatement
Alternatives, 7
Benefits, 9, 20, 25
Costs, 20
Effectiveness, 20
Funds, 12
Methods, 7, 15, 16, 25, 26
Projects, 2, 5, 20
Technology, 47
Administration, 6, 7, 9, 11, 19, 20, 21
Agency
Authority, 7, 11, 12
Application
Forms, 37-45
Grants, 1
Information, 1, 6, 10
Instructions, 27-36
Backfill, 17, 48
Benefits, 9, 20, 26
Bore holes, 14
Condemnation, 12
Contracts, 35
Costs
Administrative, 31
Capital, 15, 19, 26
Direct, 31
General, 31
Indirect, 31
Operating, 15, 19, 26
Project, 9, 18, 19, 26
Demonstration
Project
Administration, 5, 19, 21
Alternatives, 1, 7, 11
59
-------
Demonstration (cont.)
Project
Benefits, 9, 20, 26
Construction 5, 15, 19
Costs, 9, 15, 18, 19, 26
Development Process, 5, 6, 7, 25, 26
Economics, 2, 9
Effectiveness, 9, 15, 19, 20, 25, 26
Emergencies, 19
Engineering, 2, 9, 15, 17
Feasibility, 2, 5, 9
Financing, 30, 33-35
Funds, 12, 20, 32
Implementation, 7, 13, 15, 21
Legality, 7, 9, 11
Legislation, 1, 2, 3, 7, 9
Location, 3, 5, 11
Objective, 3, 16
Operation, 5, 7, 13, 15, 21
Personnel, 19, 20, 30
Purpose, 2, 16
Schedule, 18, 21, 35
Selection, 3, 5, 7, 11, 25, 26
Specifications, 17
Surveillance, 3, 12, 18
Value, 2, 3, 9, 20
Diversion, 17, 18, 48
Drainage
Analyses, 15, 18
Diversion, 17, 18, 48
Quality, 15, 18
Quantity, 15, 18, 47
Drawings, 13, 16, 17
Drill holes, 14
Easement, 12, 32
Effectiveness, 9, 15, 19, 20, 25, 26
Enforcement, 12
Engineering, 2, 3
Preliminary, 9, 15
Design, 17
60
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Environment, 9, 15
Economic, 9, 13, 15
Political, 9, 13
Social, 9, 13, 15
Feasibility study, 2, 5, 7, 8, 11-21
Alternatives, 1
Cost, 33
Engineering, 3, 15
Format, 3, 7, 23
Inventory, 3, 5, 7, 13, 14
Drainage sources, 3
Uses , 3
Water resources, 13
Legislative requirements, 2
Preliminary to, 3, 25, 26
Purpose, 11, 16
Site selection, 3, 7, 11, 25, 26
Flooding, 17, 48
Flow
Drainage, 15, 17
Process, 16, 17
Stream, 14, 48
Funds
State, 7, 12
Post-demonstration, 12, 18
Geology, 14
Grant, 1
Applications, 1, 9, 27-45
Evaluation, 1, 9, 19, 20
Funding, 12, 32-35
Grout, 17
Guidelines
Manual, 1-3, 6
Feasibility study, 8, 11-21, 23
Holes, 13, 14
Hydrology, 9, 14
Inventory, 3, 5, 7, 13, 14, 25, 26
Jurisdiction, 7, 11
61
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Land
Access, 12
Acquisition, 12
Condemnation, 12
Costs, 32
Easement, 12, 32
Lease, 12, 32
Ownership, 1
Purchase, 12, 19
Lease, 12, 32
Legal Authority, 7, 11, 12
Legislation, 1, 2, 3, 7
Needs, 9
Requirements, 7
Sub-committee reports, 2, 3
Water pollution control, 1, 2
Location, 3, 12, 25, 26
Manual
Guidelines, 1-3, 6
Preliminary information, 3, 6, 25, 26
Maps, 13
Meteorology, 14
Methods
Abatement, 7, 11, 15, 17, 25, 48
Control, 15, 17, 25, 48
Treatment, 16, 25, 48
Mine
Background information, 13, 25
Drainage, 1, 14, 25, 47
sources, 1, 3, 25, 26, 47
Flooding , 14, 17
Geology, 14
Ownership, 1, 12
Minerals, 13, 47
Sealing, 17, 48
Selection, 5, 7, 25, 26
Subsidence, 13
Surface, 47
Types, 13
62
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Mineral rights, 12, 33
Mining
Future prevention of, 3, 7, 12, 13, 14
Minerals, 1, 47
Neutralization, 48
Objectives, 3, 16
Operation, 5, 7, 13, 15, 21
Participation, 2
Patents and inventions, 29
Planning, 3, 25, 26
Pollution
Abatement, 7, 11, 15, 17, 48
Future, 3, 7, 12, 13, 14
inventory, 5, 7, 13, 14, 25, 26
Mine drainage, 1, 14, 25, 47
Population, 15
Process
Description of, 16
Flowsheet, 16
Specifications, 17, 18
Project, see specifications demonstration project, 17
Property
Access, 12
Acquisition, 12
Condemnation, 12
Cost, 32
Easement, 12, 32
Lease, 12, 32
Ownership, 1, 32
Purchase, 12, 19, 32
Rainfall, 15
Reclamation, 17, 48
63
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Reports
Feasibility study, 11-21
Format, 7, 23
Final, 3, 21
Progress, 21
Revegetation, 17
Schedules, 18, 21, 35
Sealing, 17, 48
Site
Project, 12
Selection, 3, 7, 25, 26
Specifications, 17, 18
Stream
Diversion, 17, 18, 48
Flow, 14
Records, 14
Standards, 12, 25
Quality, 12
Surveillance, 3, 12, 20
Surveys, 9, 13, 25
Technology, 26, 47
Topography,9,16
Treatment, 12, 16
Water
Analyses, 9
Demands, 13-15
Pollution, see "pollution"
Quality, 14
Criteria, 12
Standards, 12, 25
Quantity, 14
Requirements, 12
Resources, 13-15
Rights, 12
Uses, 3, 15
Water Pollution Control Act, 1
64
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Water Quality Improvement Act - 1970, 2
Watershed, 2, 11, 14, 25
65
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