Polychlorinated
Biphenyls:
A Bibliography
of Regulatory Action
and
EPA Related Research
Prepared By.
Information Services Section
Chemical Information Branch
Information Management Division
Office of Toxic Substances
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
January 1937
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ABOUT THIS BIBLIOGBAPHT
This document has been prepared to help interested persons locate EPA
information on Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs).
Related Research is divided into three sections:
• Federal Register Notices - arranged chronologically
beginning with the most recent notice
• EPA reports in the Government Printing Office
(GPO) Database - arranged alphabetically by report
title
• EPA reports in the National Technical Information
Service (NTIS) Database - arranged alphabetically
by report title
Users of this document are advised that this is not intended as an all
inclusive bibliography of published literature on PCBs. It is limited to
Federal Register Notices, and to reports which have been funded in whole
or in part by EPA.
Additional copies of Polychlorinated Biohenyls: A Bibliography of
Regulatory Action^ gp
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FEDEHfll REGISTER NOTICES FROM THE
FEDERfll REGISTER
DRTHBR5E
These citations refer to Federal Register Notices.
The complete text of these Federal Register Notices
is located in the Federal Register issue cited.
Federal Register Notices are available from
your corporate, academic, or public library.
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ISSUE
DATE
SUBJECT
FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 51, NO. 080, P. 15688
April 25, 1986
Notice: EPA & NY State DepC of Environmental Conservation to prepare
joint supplemental EIS on Hudson River PCB Reclamation Demonstration
Project.
ISSUE
DATE
SUBJECT
FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 51, NO. 036, P. 6423
February 24, 1986
Proposed: 40 CFR Part 261
EPA responds to petitions to prevent construction of PCB disposal
facility in Henderson KY, at Citizens for Healthy Progress & Valley v/atc
request; text thru p.6429. Comment deadline Apr 25 1986. Doc.No
OPTS-211017. CONTACT: Edward Klein (202) 554-1404.
ISSUE
DATE
SUBJECT
FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 50, NO. 137, P. 29170
July 17, 1985
Rule: 40 CFR Part 761
EPA establishes addtl restrictions & conditions on use of polychlortnated
biphenyl (PCB) transformers to prohibit use of higher secondary volcag-
network PCB transformers In or near commercial bldgs & require Instal l^»c lo>
of enhanced electrical protection on lover secondary voltage network ?C:
transformers. Rule also requires owners of PCB transformers Involved i'
fire-related accidents to immediately notify Natl Response Center S cal<<
measures to prevent potential PCB releases; t-?xt thru p. 29201. \PRM Cirr ;
1984, 49 FR 39966. Effective Aug 16 1985. Doc.Mo. OPTS-62035D. rovrxCT:
Edward Klein (202) 554-1404.
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ISSL'K FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 50, NO. 065, P. 13392
PATF: April 4, 19S5
S'"B.'>:CT Proposed: 40 CFR Pare 761
EPA incorporates certain American Society for Testing & Materials (ASTM)
methods in Polychlorinated Biphenyl (PCB) regs, L proposes using revised
methods to meet PCB testing standards. Comment deadline May 6 1985.
CONTACT: Edward Klein (202) 554-1404.
IS.s:-1: FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 50, NO. 027, P. 5401
DATE February 8, 19E5'
Proposed: 40 CFR Part 761
EPA extends until Feb 11 1985 comment period on proposal (Oct 11 1984, 49
FR 39966) to address risks posed by fire-related events involving
electrical transformers containing polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs).
Extension at request of Chemical Mfgrs Assn et al, based on Jan 14-16 & 29
1985 hearings. Doc.No. OPTS-62035C. CONTACT: Edward Klein (202) 554-1404.
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ISSUE
DATE
SUBJECT
FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 49, NO. 230, P. 46770
November 28, 1984
Proposed: 40 CFR Part 761
EPA reschedules to Jan 14 1985 hearing on proposal (seen Oct 11 1984, 49
FR 39966) to address risks posed by fire-related events involving
electrical transformers containing polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs).
Hearing to be held at 401 M Street SW, Wash DC. Doc.No. OPTS-62035B.
CONTACT: Edward Klein (202) 554-1404.
ISSUE
DATE
SUBJECT
FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 49, NO. 218, P. 46634
November 8, 1984
Rule: 40 CFR Part 761
EPA revises TSCA Sec 6(e)(2)(C) prohibition against the mfgr, processing
or distribution of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in other than a
"totally enclosed manner", to delete the definition of "significant
exposure", modify the definition of "totally enclosed manner", and to
present current EPA approach to assessing PCB exposures. EPA believes
"there is a point at which the risk posed by exposure to certain levels of
PCBs becomes insignificant" and that the concept of totally enclosed use
"has only limited applicability". NPRM July 23 1984, 49 FR 29625.
Effective Dec 10 1984. Doc.No. OPTS-62039A. CONTACT: Edward Klein (202)
554-1404.
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ISSUE
DATE
SUBJECT
FEDERAL REGISTER. VOL. 49, NO. 198, P. 39966
October 11, 1984
Proposed: 40 CFR Part 761
EPA proposes amdt of its Aug 1982 use authorization order for use of PCBs
(polychlorinated biphenyls) in electric transformers to require (1)
immediate registration of PCB units with fire dept jurisdictions, (2) unit
exterior marking, (3) removal of stored combustibles from transformer
locations, (4) registration of units with bldg owners, (5) installation of
addtl protective devices in high secondary (low side) voltage systems, and
(6) isolation of transformers from bldg ventilation equipment, ductwork and
construction openings. ANPRM Mar 23 1984, 49 FR 11070. Comment deadline Dec
10 1984; hearing, Dec 26, Wash DC, if requested. Doc.No. OPTS-62035A.
CONTACT: Edward Klein (202) 554-1404.
ISSUE
DATE
SUBJECT
FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 49, NO. 183, P. 36648
September 19, 1984
Rule: 40 CFR Part 761
EPA incorporates by reference certain ASTM (American Society for Testing
& Materials) test methods in the PCB (polychlorinated biphenyl) regs; "ASTM
D 1796-68" has been revised by ASTM. NPRM June 1 1984, 49 FR 22836.
Effective Sept 19 1984. Doc.No. OPTS-62037A. CONTACT: Edward Klein (202)
554-1404.
ISSUE
DATE
SUBJECT
FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 49, NO. 142, P. 29625
July 23, 1984
Proposed: 40 CFR Part 761
EPA proposes to amend the PCB Rule (May 31 1979, 44 FR 31514) to delete
the definition of "significant exposure", to modify the definition of
"totally enclosed manner" re mfgr of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and
to present the EPA current framework for assessment of PCB exposure.
Comment deadline Aug 22 1984; hearing Sept 6 1984, Wash DC, if requested.
Doc.No. OPTS-62039; TSH-FRL 2600-4. CONTACT: Edward Klein (202) 554-1404.
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ISSUE
DATE
SUBJECT
FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 49, NO. 139, P. 29066
July 18, 1984
Rule: 40 CFR Part 761
EPA makes technical amdts to its American Society for Testing Materials
(ASTM) test methods cited in the TSCA polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) regs;
table. Effective Aug 1 1984. Doc.No. OPTS-62042; FRL 2621-8. CONTACT-
Edward Klein (202) 544-1404.
ISSUE
DATE
SUBJECT
FEDERAL REGISTER. VOL. 49, NO. 133, P. 28203
July 10, 1984
Proposed: 40 CFR Part 761
EPA solicits addtl comments on 49 petitions for exemption to mfgr,
process and distribute in commerce substances or mixtures inadvertently
contaminated with 50 ppm or greater PCBs (seen Nov 1 1983, 48 FR 50486);
proposal also solicits comments on Ward Transformer Co petition for
exemption to buy and sell used PCB-contaminated transformers. Comments on
exemption petitions due Oct 1 1984; on Ward Transformer Co petition, Aug
23; hearing Sept 6 1984. See related Rule today, p.28154. Doc.No.
OPTS-66008B; TSH-FRL 2584-7. CONTACT: Edward Klein (202) 544-1404.
ISSUE
DATE
SUBJECT
FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 49, NO. 133, P. 28154
July 10, 1984
Rule: 40 CFR Part 761
EPA responds to 109 petitions for exemption from prohibition against
mfgr, processing & distribution in commerce of polychlorinated biphenyls
(PCBs) by granting 59, granting in part & denying in part one, denying 49
and dismissing one exemption petition. Effective Aug 23 1984. Doc.No.
OPTS-66008A; TSH-FRL 2585-4. SEE ALSO amends TSCA exclusionary rule (Oct 21
1982, 47 FR 46980) to exclude addtl processes from regulation, authorize
use of PCBs in heat transfer & hydraulic systems, and other (OPTS-62032A;
TSH-FRL 2587-1), p.28172; amends PCB Ban rule (May 3 1979, 44 FR 31514) to
authorize use as mounting media in microscopy, as immersion oils in low
flourescence microscopy, and other (OPTS-62031A; TSH-FRL 2590-2), p.28193.
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ISSUE
DATE
SUBJECT
FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 49, NO. 120, P. 25239
June 20, 1984
Rule: 40 CFR Part 761
EPA amends TSCA definitions re PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls) to
alphabetize definitions, remove paragraph designations, and change the
cross references in Subchapter R to reflect amdt. Effective June 20 1984.
Doc.No. OPTS-62041; TSH-FRL 2611-5. CONTACT: John Richards (202) 382-3826.
ISSUE
DATE
SUBJECT
FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 49, NO. 107, P. 22836
June 1, 1984
Proposed: 40 CFR Part 761
EPA proposes that revised American Society for Testing and Materials
(ASTM) test methods be used to meet particular Polychlorinated Biphenyl
(PCB) testing rqmts. Comment deadline July 2 1984. Doc.No. OPTS-62037;
TSH-FRL 2566-6. CONTACT: Jack McCarthy (202) 544-1404.
ISSUE
DATE
SUBJECT
FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 49, NO. 82, P. 18036
April 26, 1984
Notice: EPA to provide Midwest Research Institute access to certain
confidential business info during performance of contract to review, test &
audit proposed alternative PCB destruction methods submitted by potential
permittees under TSCA section 6. Effective May 7 1984. Doc.No.
OPTS-140049; FRL 2574-6.
ISSUE
DATE
SUBJECT
FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 49, NO. 58, P. 11070
March 23, 1984
Proposed: 40 CFR Part 761
EPA solicits data on risks posed by fires involving electrical
transformsers that contain polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), pursuant to
fire May 1983, San Francisco CA, and Sept 1983, Chicago IL, attributed to
PCB-transformers. EPA authorization of indefinite use of such
transformers, seen at 47 FR 37342 (Aug 25 1982), did not consider fire
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risks; data received in this ANPRM will determine if further control
measures should be proposed; text thru p.11083. Comment deadline May 22
1984. Doc.No. OPTS 62035; TSH-FRL 2528-7. CONTACT: Jack McCarthy (202)
544-1404.
ISSUE
DATE
SUBJECT
FEDERAL REGISTER. VOL. 49, NO. 54, P. 10133
March 19, 1984
Proposed: 40 CFR Part 761
EPA withdraws proposed rule to restrict use of polychlorinated biphenyls
(PCBs) at agricultural pesticide and fertilizer facilities; this area of
PCB use has been addressed in regs re PCB use in electrical equipment (47
FR 37342, Aug 25 1982). See proposal at 45 FR 30989 (May 9 1980). Doc.No
OPTS-62003D; TSH-FRL 2545-6. CONTACT: Jack McCarthy (202) 544-1404.
ISSUE
DATE
SUBJECT
FEDERAL REGISTER. VOL. 49, NO. 9, P. 1697
January 13, 1984
Rule: 40 CFR Part 761
EPA denies Cannelton Industries petition to amend polychlorinated
biphenyl (PCB) regs to provide EPA Regional Administrators authority to
approve alternative disposal methods for non-liquid PCBs, including
contaminated soil (specifically, PCB-soaked rock, gravel and other mining
debris resulting from a transformer spill in Cannelton's No. 105 mine in
Kanawha Cnty, West Virginia). Cannelton had argued that leaving the PCBs in
the sealed mine would satisfy TSCA disposal rqmts; EPA disagrees
Doc.No.OPTS-211011. CONTACT: Jack McCarthy (202) 554-1404.
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ISSUE
DATE
SUBJECT
FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 48, NO. 237, P. 55076
December 8, 1983
Proposed: 40 CFR Part 761
EPA proposes to exclude addtl processing involving mfgr & use of
polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from TSCA regulation. Exclusion of PCBs
generated in closed and controlled waste manufacturing processes granted
Oct 21 1982 (47 FR 46980). EPA also defers action on 50 exemption
petitions re PCBs, and proposes to authorize use of PCBs in heat transfer
and hydraulic systems at concentrations less than 50ppm. Hearing
scheduled, Feb 21-22 1984, if requested. Comment deadline Feb 6 1984. See
list of 70 processes with "high potential" for PCB generation, p.55080;
continued discussion through p.55098. Doc.No. OPTS-62032. CONTACT: Jack
McCarthy (202) 554-1404.
ISSUE
DATE
SUBJECT
FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 48, NO. 223, P. 52402
November 17, 1983
Proposed: 40 CFR Part 761
EPA proposes to amend final rule published May 31 1979 (44 FR 31514)
concerning the use of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) in a non-totally
enclosed manner in hydraulic systems, heat transfer systems, in microscopy
as a mounting medium, and in small quantities for R&D until July 1 1984.
The Agency proposes indefinite authorization of the use of PCBs as a
mounting medium in art & historic conservation, and authorizes indefinitely
the use of small quantities of the same for use in R&D. Hearing
tentatively scheduled for Jan 16 1984, Wash DC. Comment deadline Jan 3
1984. Doc.No. OPTS 62031. CONTACT: Jack McCarthy (202) 554-1404.
ISSUE
DATE
SUBJECT
FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 48, NO. 223, P. 52304
November 17, 1983
Rule: 40 CFR Part 761
EPA announces policy on compliance and enforcement of storage for
disposal regs under the TSCA polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) rule. The regs
prescribe a 1 year time limit on storage of PCB articles or containers
prior to their eventual disposal and will allocate liability for failure to
meet the deadline between the waste generator and disposer. See final rule
published May 31 1979 (44 FR 31514). Doc.No. OPTS-62033. CONTACT: Jack
McCarthy (202) 554-1404.
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ISSUE
DATE
SUBJECT
FEDERAL REGISTER. VOL. 48, NO. 212. P. 50486
November 1, 1983
Proposed: 40 CFR Part 761
EPA addresses 172 pending individual & class petitions for exemption from
the prohibition against the manufacture, processing, & distribution in
commerce of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB). The Agency identifies 49
petitions which it intends to grant, 73 which it proposes to deny, & 50 on
which it is deffering action. Hearings tentatively scheduled for Jan 16
1984 in Washington DC, Chicago IL, & San Francisco CA. Comment deadline
Jan 3 1984. Doc.No. OPTS-66008. CONTACT: Jack McCarthy (202) 554-1404.
ISSUE
DATE
SUBJECT
FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 48, NO. 91, P. 20984
May 10, 1983
Notice: EPA announces avialability of report entitled "Monitoring Results
& Environmental Impact on the Gulf of Mexico Incineration Site from the
Incineration of PCB's under Research Permit HQ 81-002. April 1983".
Discussion refs to two trial burnings aboard the incinerator vessel
Vulcanus I. Locations of report availability listed. CONTACT: Alan Rubin
(202) 245-3030.
ISSUE
DATE
SUBJECT
FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 48, NO. 77, P. 16884
April 20, 1983
Rule: 40 CFR Part 761
EPA denies MET Electrical Testing Company petition to amend
polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) regs to create new classification for
transformers that contain less than 250ppm PCBs, and to change definition
of in-service use to eliminate rqmt that the temperature of the dielectric
fluid be raised to 50 degrees Centigrade. Doc.No. OPTS-211009. CONTACT:
Jack McCarthy (800) 424-9065.
ISSUE
DATE
SUBJECT
FEDERAL REGISTER. VOL. 48, NO. 62, P. 13181
March 30, 1983
Rule: 40 CFR Part 761
EPA procedural rule gives Asst Administrator for Pesticides & Toxic
Substances authority to approve certain PCB disposal facilities which
previously have required approval from each Regional Administrator.
Effective Apr 29 1983. Doc.No. OPTS-62028.
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ISSUE
DATE
SUBJECT
FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 48, NO. 35, P. 7299
February 18, 1983
Notice: EPA TSCA premanufacture notices with comment deadline of Apr 7
1983: PMN83-462, confidential, for succinate ester amide; PMN83-463,
confidential, for amino aliphatic propoxylate; PMN83-464, confidential, for
sodium sulfosuccinate of ethoxylated substituted phenol for open use;
PMN83-465, confidential, for metal polyisobutenylsuccinate; PMN83-466,
confidential, for ether-olefin-sulfone terpolymer for contained use;
PMN83-467, confidential, for alkyl cyclohexane carboxakdehyde; PMN83-468,
Franklin Inst Research Lab, for complex sodium polyethylene glycolate salt,
for industrial dechlorination of PCBs or other halogenated organics.
Doc.No. OPTS-51454.
ISSUE
DATE
SUBJECT
FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 48, NO. 35, P. 7172
February 18, 1983
Rule: 40 CFR Part 761
EPA issues stmt of policy re determining exposure risk to food & feed of
use of PCBs in electrical equipment. See original rule at 47 FR 37342, Aug
25 1982. Effective Feb 18 1983. Doc.No. OPTS-62015E.
ISSUE
DATE
SUBJECT
FEDERAL REGISTER. VOL. 48, NO. 27, P. 5729
February 8, 1983
Rule: 40 CFR Part 761
EPA incorporates certain ASTM revised test methods in PCB regs. NPRM May
21 1982, 47 FR 22123. Effective Feb 8 1983. Doc.No. OPTS-62024B. CONTACT:
Chris Tirpak, (800) 424-9065.
ISSUE
DATE
SUBJECT
FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 48, NO. 22, P. 4467
February 1, 1983
Rule: 40 CFR Part 761
EPA corrects error of rule (47 FR 46980, Oct 21 1982) to state that
controlled wastes incinerated are limited in polychlorinated biphenyls
(PCBs) to 500 ppm in high-efficiency boilers, & 50 ppm in RCRA-approved
incinerators. Effective Feb 1 1983. OPTS-62017D, TSH-FRL2295-2. CONTACT:
Chris Tirpak (202) 554-1404.
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ISSUE
DATE
SUBJECT
FEDERAL REGISTER. VOL. 48, NO. 22, P. 4467
February 1, 1983
Rule: 40 CFR Part 761
EPA corrects error of rule (47 FR 46980, Oct 21 1982) to state that
controlled wastes Incinerated are limited in polychlorinated biphenyls
(PCBs) to 500 ppm in high-efficiency boilers, & 50 ppm in RCRA-approved
incinerators. Effective Feb 1 1983. OPTS-62017D, TSH-FRL2295-2. CONTACT:
Chris Tirpak (202) 554-1404.
ISSUE
DATE
SUBJECT
FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 48, NO. 15, P. 2804
January 21, 1983
Proposed: 40 CFR Part 430
EPA extends comment period to Feb 16 1983 for proposed reg to limit
discharge of PCBs into water from pulp & paper mills where fine & tissue
papers are made from deinked wastepaper (47 FR 52066, Nov 18 1982).
CONTACT: Robert Dellinger (202) 382-7137.
ISSUE
DATE
SUBJECT
FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 48, NO. 1, P. 124
January 3, 1984
Rule: 40 CFR Part 761
EPA amended use authorization for PCBs requires railroad organizations to
meet the 60,000 ppra concentration level by July 1 1984; to meet the 1,000
ppm concentration level by July 1 1986; authorizes use of PCBs for
remaining useful life of transformers at concentrations below 1,000 ppm;
and allows railroad organizations to service transformers to reduce PCB
concentrations & cost of disposal; discussion. Effective Feb 2 1983.
Doc.No. OPTS-62020A. CONTACT: Douglas Bannerraan toll-free 800-424-9065; in
DC (202) 554-1404.
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ISSUE
DATE
SUBJECT
FEDERAL REGISTER. VOL. 47, NO. 233, P. 54436
December 3, 1982
Rule: 40 CFR Part 761
EPA correction to rule (47 FR 37342, Aug 25 1982) re exposure risks of
PCBs in electrical equipment removes food packaging materials from
definition of "human food & animal feed." Effective Dec 3 1982. Doc No
OPTS-62015D. CONTACT: Douglas Bannerman, 202/544-1404 (in DC) or
800-424-9065 (toll-free).
ISSUE
DATE
SUBJECT
FEDERAL REGISTER. VOL. 47, NO. 223, P. 52066
November 18, 1982
Proposed: 40 CFR Part 430
EPA proposes to limit pulp, paper & paperboard industries making fine &
tissue papers from deinked wastepaper discharges of PCBs into waters of
U.S. by establishing best practicable control technology (BPT) & best
available technology economically achievable (BAT). Comments due Jan 17
1983.
ISSUE
DATE
SUBJECT
FEDERAL REGISTER. VOL. 47, NO. 204, P. 46980
October 21, 1982
Rule: 40 CFR Part 761
EPA amdt excludes PCBs produced in closed & controlled waste
manufacturing processes from TSCA prohibitions NPRM 47 FR 24976 June 8
1982. Effective Nov 22 1982. Doc.No. OPTS-62017B. CONTACT.' Douelas
Bannerman, 800-424-9065; in Wash DC, 554-1404.
ISSUE
DATE
SUBJECT
FEDERAL REGISTER. VOL. 47, NO. 203, P. 46723
October 20, 1982
Proposed: 40 CFR Part 761
EPA denies GE petition to exclude monochloro biphenyls (MCBs) &
biphenyls (DCBs) from its polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) regs.
Douglas Bannerman, 202/554-1404.
dichloro
CONTACT:
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ISSUE FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 47, NO. 165, P. 37258
DATE August 25, 1982
SUBJECT Proposed: 40 CFR Part 761
EPA denies Dow Chemical citizen's petition requesting amdt to exclude
monochlorobiphenyls (MCBs) from PCB regs; see 47 FR 19526, May 13 1982.
Doc.No. OPTS 211006.
ISSUE FEDERAL REGISTER. VOL. 47, NO. 165, P. 37342
DATE August 25, 1982
SUBJECT Rule: 40 CFR Part 761
EPA authorizes use of PCBs in capacitors & use and servicing of PCBs in
electromagnets, circuit breakers, voltage regulators, reclosers, cable
switches & transformers (excluding railroad transformers), pursuant to
mandate by U.S. Court of Appeals for District of Columbia. Also allows
this equipment to be distributed in commerce & disposed of in certain
matter. Effective Sept 8 1982. Doc.No. OPTS-62015C.
ISSUE FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 47, NO. 134, P. 30270
DATE July 13, 1982
SUBJECT Proposed: 40 CFR Part 761
EPA reopens comment period on proposal to incorporate by reference,
certain ASTM test methods in PCB regs; see 47 FR 24976, June 8 1982.
Comment deadline Aug 12 1982.
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ISSUE
DATE
SUBJECT
FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 47, NO. 133, P. 30082
July 12, 1982
Proposed: 40 CFR Part 761
EPA makes available guidelines for analyzing air emissions, water
effluents, commercial products & process waste streams for closed &
controlled waste processes for PCBs. Provides detailed guidance on sample
collection & protocols for data analysis. Comment deadline July 26 1982.
Doc.No. OPTS-62017C. Hearing on proposal to exclude PCB production in
closed & controlled waste mfgr processes from TSCA sec 6(e); July 26, 9 am,
401 M St NW, Wash DC (62071B) p.30083.
ISSUE
DATE
SUBJECT
FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 47, NO. 110, P. 24976
June 8, 1982
Proposed: 40 CFR Part 761
EPA pursuant to court order of Apr 13 1981, proposes to exclude PCB
production in closed or controlled waste mfgr process from provisions of
sec 6(e) TSCA. Comments by July 23 1982; hearing; Aug 6, Wash DC (time &
location available through Industry Asst Office, 800-424-9065). Doc.No.
OPTS 62017A.
ISSUE
DATE
SUBJECT
FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 47, NO. 099, P. 22123
May 21, 1982
Proposed: 40 CFR Part 761
EPA revises certain test methods of ASTM incorporated by reference in
polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) regs. Comment deadline June 21 1982.
Doc.No. OPTS-62024.
ISSUE
DATE
SUBJECT
FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 47, NO. 099, P. 22098
May 21, 1982
Rule: 40 CFR Part 761
EPA updates incorporation by reference of polychlorinated biphenyls
(PCBs) in commercial manufacturing, processing & distribution. Effective
May 21 1982. Doc.No. OPTS-62025.
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ISSUE
DATE
SUBJECT
FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 47, NO. 088, P. 19526
May 6, 1982
Rule: 40 CFR Part 761
EPA recodifies regs re polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)
substantive change. Effective May 6 1982. Doc.No. OPTS-00032.
without
ISSUE
DATE
SUBJECT
FEDERAL REGISTER. VOL. 47, NO. 078, P. 17426
April 22, 1982
Proposed: 40 CFR Part 761
EPA in response to court order of Feb 12 1981, proposes to authorize use
of PCBs in capacitors and use & servicing of PCBs in electromagnets,
circuit breakers, voltae regulators, reclosers, cables,
switches/sectionalizers & transformers (excluding railroad transformers).
Also proposes to provide for disposal & distribution in commerce of this
electrical equipment. Comment deadline May 24 1982. Hearing; June 7, Wash
DC (for location & time call 800-424-9065). Doc.No. OPTS-62015B.
ISSUE
DATE
SUBJECT
FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 47, NO. 010, P. 2379
January 15, 1982
Proposed: 40 CFR Part 761
EPA denys petition to exempt research & development activities from PCB
rule. Doc.No. OPTS-211004.
ISSUE
DATE
SUBJECT
FEDERAL REGISTER. VOL. 46, NO. 222, P. 56626
November 18, 1981
Proposed: 40 CFR Part 761
EPA proposes to extend to Oct 1 1983, deadline for complying with 60,000
ppm requirement for PCBs in railroad transformers. Comment deadline Jan 5
1982. Doc.No. OPTS 62020.
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ISSUE
DATE
SUBJECT
FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 46, NO. 97, P. 27619
May 20, 1981
Proposed: 40 CFR Part 761
EPA invites comments on ANPR to exclude PCBs below 50 ppm from TSCA
Section 6(e)(3) prohibiting processing distribution and manufacturing.
Comment deadline Nov 16 1981. Doc. No. OPTS-62014.
ISSUE
DATE
SUBJECT
FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 46, NO. 97, P. 27617
May 20, 1981
Proposed: 40 CFR Part 761
EPA invites comments on ANPR to exclude PCBs below 50 ppm from
manufacturing prohibitions of TSCA. Comment deadline Nov 16 1981. Doc.No.
OPTS62013.
/ ISSUE
DATE
SUBJECT
FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 46, NO. 97, P.27614
May 20, 1981
Rule: 40 CFR Part 761
EPA clarifies issues of interim measures program re use of PCBs in
electrical equipment; ANPRM published at 46 FR 16090, Feb 12 1981. Doc.No.
OPTS-62015. SEE ALSO Court Order of Apr 13 1981 staying issuance of mandate
concerning PCBs below 50 ppm pending EPA decision. Discussion.
(OPTS-62012).
ISSUE
DATE
SUBJECT
FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 46, NO. 87, P. 25411
May 6, 1981
Proposed: 40 CFR Part 761
EPA will hold in abeyance proposed rule to prohibit use of PCB items in
facilities which manufacture, process or store fertilizers or agricultural
pesticides until further notice. Doc.No. OPTS-62003C.
-16-
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ISSUE
DATE
SUBJECT
FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 46, NO. 46, P. 16096
March 10, 1981
Proposed: 40 CFR Part 761
EPA ANPRM concerning use of PCBs in electrical equipment.
deadline Dec 7 1981. Doc.No. OPTS-62015.
Comment
ISSUE
DATE
SUBJECT
FEDERAL REGISTER. VOL. 46, NO. 46, P. 16090
March 10, 1981
Rule: 40 CFR Part 761
EPA in response to Court of Appeals, DC Circut order, provides additional
requirements affecting transformers containing 50 ppm or more of PCBs. Ref
to inspection & maintenance procedures re interim measures. Effective May
11 1981. Doc.No. OPTS62014.
ISSUE
DATE
SUBJECT
FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 46, NO. 18, P. 9200
January 28, 1981
Notice: EPA to prepare EIS on Hudson River PCB Reclamation Demonstration
Project.
ISSUE
DATE
SUBJECT
FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 46, NO. 7, P. 2802
January 12, 1981
Rule: 40 CFR Parts 122, 264 & 265
EPA interim final rule governing hazardous waste management. Establishes
requirements for location, closure and post-closure care; financial
requirements; use and management of containers; storage and treatment of
hazardous waste and tanks; surface impoundment; waste piles. Regulations
do not include requirements for ground-water monitoring, land treatment,
landfills, incinerators, chemical, physical and biological treatment units,
thermal treatment facilities, injection wells or provisions for surface
impoundment or waste pile use for disposal. Effective Jan 12 1981.
Comment deadline Mar 13. Doc.No. 3004. Table on regulatory status p. 2804.
Discussion of PCB p. 2846. See Appendix showing examples of potentially
incompatible waste p. 2872; list of political jurisdictions in which
compliance with Section 264.18(a) re seismic considerations, must be
demonstrated p. 2873.
-17-
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ISSUE
DATE
SUBJECT
FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 45, NO. 248, P. 84828
December 23, 1980
Proposed: 40 CFR Part 761
EPA extends time for filing comments on proposal prohibiting the use of
PCB items in facilities manufacturing, processing or storing fertilizers or
agricultural pesticides to Mar 4 1981. Doc.No. OPTS-62003B.
ISSUE
DATE
SUBJECT
FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 45, NO. 247, P. 84828
December 22, 1980
Proposed: 40 CFR Part 761
EPA extends time for filing comments on proposal prohibiting the use of
PCB items in facilities manufacturing, processing or storing fertilizers or
agricultural pesticides to Mar 4 1981. Doc.No. OPTS-62003B.
ISSUE
DATE -
SUBJECT
FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 45, NO. 243, P. 82844
December 16, 1980
Rule: 40 CFR Part 707
EPA export notification regulations pursuant to Sec 12 TSCA. Effective
Jan 15 1981. Reg applies to PCBs, CFCs, 2,3,7,8-TCDD, asbestos, and future
substances or mixtures subject to Sec 4, 5, 6 or 7 actions. EPA will
foward reports to foreign nation's embassy in Wash DC.
ISSUE
DATE
SUBJECT
FEDERAL REGISTER. VOL. 45, NO. 235, P. 80320
December 4, 1980
Proposed: 40 CFR Part 761
EPA denies petition to permit PCB concentrations as high as 10.0 ppm in
floor sweep compounds. Doc.No. OPTS 21101.
ISSUE
DATE
SUBJECT
FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 45, NO. 222, P. 84828
November 14, 1980
Proposed: 40 CFR Part 761
EPA extends time for filing comments on proposal prohibiting the use of
PCB items in facilities manufacturing, processing or storing fertilizers or
agricultural pesticides to Mar 4 1981. Doc.No. OPTS-62003B.
-18-
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ISSUE
DATE
SUBJECT
FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 45, NO. 210, P. 71364
October 28, 1980
Proposed: 7 CFR Part 2859; 9 CFR Parts 308 & 381; 21 CFR Parts 109 110
225, 226, 500 & 509; 40 CFR
FSQS, FDA & EPA extends time for filing comments on proposed regulations
affecting use of PCB containing equipment in food, feed, agricultural
pesticide and fertilizer facilities, to Dec 4 1980. Meeting is scheduled
Nov 7 1980, 10 am, USDA Admin Bldg, Wash DC.
ISSUE
DATE
SUBJECT
FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 45, NO. 203, P. 68914
October 17, 1980
Rule: 7 CFR Part 2859 and 9 CFR Parts 308 & 381
FSQS prohibits equipment and machinery containing over 50 ppm liquid PCBs
on premises of plants regulated under the Federal Meat Inspection Act,
Poultry Products Inspection Act, or Egg Products Inspection Act. Exempts
capacitors containing less than 3 Ibs of PCBs. Effective Nov 17 1980.
Discusses regulatory control by EPA, FDA and USDA p. 68916. NPRM Feb 29
1980 (45 FR 13471) and 45 FR 30980, May 9 1980. Effective Nov 17 1980.
ISSUE
DATE
SUBJECT
FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 45, NO. 177, P. 59770
September 10, 1980
Notice: EPA policy for implementing civil penalty assessments under
Section 16 TSCA. Publishes interim guidelines for determining penalties
for violating PCB regulations.
ISSUE
DATE
SUBJECT
FEDERAL REGISTER. VOL. 45, NO. 171, P. 58266
September 2, 1980
Notice: D/Justice proposed consent decree in U.S. v. Interstate
Transformer Inc and H.G. Snyder with U.S. District Court for Western
District of PA to require defendants to comply with EPA regs governing
PCBs. Comment deadline Oct 2 1980.
-19-
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ISSUE FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 45, NO. 151, P. 51631
DATE August 4, 1980
SUBJECT Notice: CPSC denies Citizens for a Better Environment petition (CP 80-4)
re sewage sludge products used as soil conditioner and fertilizer should be
declared banned hazardous substances. Ref to EPA regulations, PCBs, and
cadmium lead.
ISSUE FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 45, NO. 136, P. 47168
DATE July 14, 1980
SUBJECT Proposed: 40 CFR Part 761
EPA extends comment period on proposal to prohibit use of PCB items in
facilities manufacturing, processing or storing fertilizers or agricultural
pesticides to Nov 5 1980. NPRM 45 FR 30989, May 9 1980. Doc.No.
OPTS-62003A.
ISSUE' FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 45, NO. 92, P. 30980
DATE May 9, 1980
SUBJECT Proposed: 7 CFR Part 2859 and 9 CFR Parts 308 & 381
FSQS proposes to prohibit the use of all equipment or machinery
containing PCB; and to be removed from service (except capacitors with less
than three pounds of PCB). Provides for disposal pursuant to EPA
regulations. Comment deadline July 7 1980.
-20-
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ISSUE
DATE
SUBJECT
FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 45, NO. 92, P. 30989
May 9, 1980
Proposed: 40 CFR Part 761
EPA proposes to prohibit the use of PCB items in facilities
manufacturing, processing or storing fertilizers or agricultural
pesticides. Comment deadline July 8; request for hearing July 29
(informal); requests to hold and participate at hearing June 5. Doc.No.
OPTS-62003.
ISSUE
DATE
SUBJECT
FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 45, NO. 86, P. 29115
May 1, 1980
Notice: EPA re May 1 1980 expiration date of Open Border Policy for PCB
disposal. Doc.No. OPTS 62008 (PCB/PEI).
ISSUE
DATE
SUBJECT
FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 45, NO. 75, P. 25828
April 16, 1980
Proposed: 40 CFR Part 761
EPA extends time for filing comments and information on weeping or
sweating of PCB contaminated transformers in electrical utility industry.
New comment deadline May 5 1980. See 45 FR 14232, Mar 5 1980. Doc.No.
OPTS 62006A.
ISSUE
DATE
SUBJECT
FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 45, NO. 62, P. 20473
March 28, 1980
Rule: 40 CFR Part 761
EPA amends disposal requirement for PCB capacitors in chemical waste
landfills. Small capacitors will be treated same as large capacitors; to
permit disposal until Mar 1 1981; provides authority for reopening
landfills after Mar 1 1981 for disposing PCB; requires substance to be
containerized and packed with absorbent material prior to disposal.
Effective Mar 28 1980. Doc.No. OPTS-62004A.
-21-
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ISSUE
DATE
SUBJECT
FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 45, NO. 45, P. 14247
March 5, 1980
Notice: EPA notifies of policy on all future exemption petitions
concerning PCBs. Concerns petitions filed after Dec 1 1978 and July 1 1979
deadlines. Doc.No. OPTS-066001-066002.
ISSUE
DATE
SUBJECT
FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 45, NO. 45, P. 14232
March 5, 1980
Proposed: 40 CFR Part 761
EPA requests information on certain PCB transformer characteristics
referred to in the electrical utility industry as "weeping" or "sweating1
Comment deadline Apr 4 1980. Doc.No. OPTS 62006.
ISSUE
DATE
SUBJECT
FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 44, NO. 231, P. 68489
November 29, 1979
Proposed: 40 CFR Part 761
EPA clarifies that hydraulic machines are subject to testing requirements
of PCB prohibition rules, and proposes to require testing of certain
hydraulic systems. Comment deadline Dec 31 1979. Doc.No. OPTS-62005.
ISSUE
DATE
SUBJECT
FEDERAL REGISTER. VOL. 44, NO. 226, P. 66989
November 21, 1979
Notice: EPA lists facilities approved for disposal of PCB.
ISSUE
DATE
SUBJECT
FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 44, NO. 226, P. 66851
November 21, 1979
Proposed: 40 CFR Part 761
EPA proposes to extend time for disposing of large PCB capacitors in
chemical waste landfills until 30 days after approval of Annex I
incinerator is operational; also proposes to permit continued disposal of
leaking large PCB capacitors in chemical waste landfills. Comment deadline
Dec 21 1979. Hearing will be held Jan 3 1980, 401 M St SW, Wash DC.
OPTS-62004.
-22-
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ISSUE
DATE
SUBJECT
FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 44, NO. 192, P. 56856
October 2, 1979
Proposed: 40 CFR Part 707
EPA proposes procedures on submitting export notification under TSCA.
Proposals would supersede, effective immediately, earlier interim
guidelines published at 43 FR 24818, Jun 7 1978, re export notifications
for chlorofluorocarbons and PCBs. Comment deadline Dec 31 1979. Doc. No.
OTS-120001.
ISSUE
DATE
SUBJECT
FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 44, NO. 183, P. 54296
September 19, 1979
Rule: 40 CFR Part 761
EPA grants interim approval to Sedgwick Cnty KS to dispose of PCB
contaminated animals, waste, etc without waiting the mandatory 30 days
pursuant to PCB regualtions (44 FR 31514, May 31 1979). Comment deadline
Sept 19; hearing is scheduled Sept 17 1979, in Sedgewick Cnty KS. Doc»No.
OTS/62002 (PCB/RR-2).
ISSUE
DATE
SUBJECT
FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 44, NO. 141, p. 42727
July 20, 1979
Proposed: 40 CFR Part 761
EPA extends period for reply comments on proposed rules for
polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs); pursuant to additional petitions for
manufacturing exemptions (see list). See previous announcement at 44 FR
31514, May 31 1979. Reply comments are now due Aug 1 1979.
ISSUE
DATE
SUBJECT
FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 44, NO. 132, P. 40132
July 9, 1979
Notice: EPA denies North Carolina petition to modify PCB contaminated
soil and debris disposal methods.
-23-
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ISSUE
DATE
SUBJECT
FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 44, NO. 128, P.
July 2, 1979
RULING TAKING EFFECT TODAY: EPA manufacturing, processing, distribution
in commerce, and use prohibitions on PCBs. See 44 FR 31514, May 31 1979.
ISSUE
DATE
SUBJECT
FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 44, NO. 106, P. 31567
May 31, 1979
Proposed: 40 CFR Part 761
EPA proposes to modify PCS regulations on criteria for chemical waste
landfill; would reduce required distance between bottom of landfill liner
system and historical high water table from 50 ft to 5 ft. Comment
deadline July 16 1979. Hearing, if requested, will be held Aug 6, Wash DC;
requests by July 16. Doc.No. OTS/066000.
ISSUE
DATE
SUBJECT
FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 44, NO. 106, P. 31564
May 31, 1979
Proposed: 40 CFR Part 761
EPA lists petitions for exemption from prohibition on PCB manufacturing
and importation rules. Notice also indicates, in most cases, which
petitions for exemption EPA proposes to grant or deny. Comment deadline
July 2 1979. Hearing is scheduled July 9, 10 am, Wash DC; requests to
participate by July 2. Doc.No. OTS-066001.
ISSUE
DATE
SUBJECT
FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 44, NO. 106, P. 31514
May 31, 1979
Rule: 40 CFR Part 761
EPA implements provisions of TSCA prohibiting manufacture, processing,
distribution in commerce, and use of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs).
Incorporates the Disposal & Marking Rule (43 FR 7150, Feb 17 1978) for
PCB's and technical amendments (43 FR 33918, Aug 2 1978). Effective July 2
1979. SEE ALSO procedures under Sec. 6 re exemptions from PCB processing
and distribution prohibitions; see p. 31558.
-24-
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ISSUE
DATE
SUBJECT
FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 44, NO. 49, P. 13575
March 12, 1979
Notice: EPA invites comments on North Carolina petition seeking
amendment of the PCB marking and disposal rule (43 FR 7150, Feb 17
1978) to provide EPA regional administrative the descretion to approve
additional disposal methods for soil and debris, contaminated with
PCBs. Comment deadline Apr 11 1979.
ISSUE
DATE
SUBJECT
FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 44, NO. 1, P. 108
January 2, 1979
Notice: EPA will not implement PCB manufacturing prohibitions pursuant
to TSCA until EPA acts on petitions for exemption which have been
filed.
ISSUE
DATE
SUBJECT
FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 43, NO. 245, P. 59432
December 20, 1978
Notice: EPA publishes facilities approved under authority of PCB
(polycholorinated biphenyls) Disposal and Marking Regulation.
ISSUE
DATE
SUBJECT
FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 43, NO. 212, P. 50905
November 1, 1978
Rule: 40 CFR Part 750
EPA publishes procedures for filing and processing certain PCB exemption
petitions under TSCA. Effective Nov 1 1978. Petitions for exemption from
the 1979 PCB manufacturing ban must be filed by Dec 1 1978. See NPRM to
implement the PCB ban at 43 FR 24802, June 7 1978. EPA expects to issue
final rule about Jan 1 1979.
-25-
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ISSUE
DATE
SUBJECT
FEDERAL REGISTER. VOL. 43, NO. 208, P. 50041
October 26, 1978
Notice: EPA lists facilities having been approved under authority of
Polychlorinated Bithenyls (PCB) Disposal & Marking Regulation. List
includes General Electric (GE) Co, Silicone Products Div., Waterford NY;
Newco Chemical Waste Systems Inc, Niagara Falls NY; SCA Chemical Services
Inc, Model City NY; Waste Management of Alabama Inc, Livingston AL;
Chem-Nuclear Systems Inc, Forland OR; and Wes-Con Inc, Twin Falls ID.
ISSUE
DATE
SUBJECT
FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 43, NO. 185, P. 43048
September 22, 1978
Proposed: 40 CFR Part 761
EPA extends time for filing reply comments concerning its PCB ban rule
(43 FR 24802). New comment deadline Oct 10 1978. Refers to Edison Electric
Institute and the Electronic Industries Assn (EIA) requests to cross
examine Versar Inc which proposed a report "Microeconomic Impacts of the
Proposed PCB Ban Regulations." Cross examination will be held Sept 26
1978, 1 pm, 401 M St SW, Wash DC.
ISSUE
DATE
SUBJECT
FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 43, NO. 166, P. 38087
August 25, 1978
Notice: EPA approves Polychlorinated Biphyenyls (PCB) disposal
facilities: Newco Chemical Waste Systems Inc, Niagara Falls NY; Waste
Management of Alabama Inc, Livingston AL; Chem-Nuclear Systems Inc,
Arlington OR; and Wes-Con Inc, Grand View ID.
ISSUE
DATE
SUBJECT
FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 43, NO. 166, P. 38057
August 25, 1978
Proposed: 40 CFR Part 761
EPA clarifies contents of Official Record of Proposed Rulemaking re PCB
manufacturing processing and distribution (see 43 FR 24802, June 7 1978),
Doc.No. FRL 955-1.
-26-
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ISSUE
DATE
SUBJECT
FEDERAL REGISTER. VOL. 43, NO. 149, P. 33918
August 2, 1978
Rule: 40 CFR Part 761
EPA clarifies ambiguities and errors with respect to disposal and marking
rule for PCB (polychlorinated biphenyl). See 43 FR 7150, Feb 17 1978
Effective Aug 2 1978.
ISSUE
DATE
SUBJECT
FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 43, NO. 138, P. 30882
July 18, 1978
Notice: EPA approves Region IV (Atlanta GA) and Region X (Seattle WA)
facilities for authority for the disposal and marking of Polychlorinated
Biphenyls (PCBs).
ISSUE
DATE
SUBJECT
FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 43, NO. 110, P. 24818
June 7, 1978
Notice: EPA issues interim procedures to exporters of PCB on how to
comply with TSCA. Effective June 7 1978.
ISSUE
DATE
SUBJECT
FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL 43, NO. 110, P. 24802
June 7, 1978
Proposed: 40 CFR Part 761
EPA proposes to ban the use of PCB pursuant to TSCA. Comment deadline
Aug 7 1978. Hearing will be held Aug 21 1978, 10 am, EPA HQ, Wash DC.
Request to speak must be received by July 31.
ISSUE
DATE
SUBJECT
FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 43, NO. 34, P. 7150
February 17, 1978
Rule: 40 CFR Part 761
EPA outlines disposal and marking requirements for PCBs pursuant to TSCA.
Effective Apr 18 1978. NPRM May 24 1977 (42 FR 26564). Publishes record
of rulemaking re PCB marking and disposal regulations, outlining FR
notices, documents, hearings and reports p. 7154. See illustrative marking
formats p. 7163.
-27-
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ISSUE
DATE
SUBJECT
FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL 42, NO. 251, P. 65264
December 30, 1977
Notice: EPA will not implement the bans on PCS manufacturing until the
regulation for Sec. 6(e)(2) of TSCA is promulgated in final form.
ISSUE
DATE
SUBJECT
FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 42, NO. 232, P. 61259
December 2, 1977
Rule: 40 CFR Part 750
EPA publishes regulations governing EPA's rulemakings implementing
provisions of TSCA. Effective Dec 2 1977. These regulations will govern
rulemakings on PCB ban regulations. NPRM Apr 21 1977 (42 FR 20640).
ISSUE
DATE
SUBJECT
FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 42, NO. 230. P. 60911
November 30, 1977
Rule: 40 CFR Chapter I
EPA implements requirements under TSCA whereby EPA must compensate
persons for the cost of participation in regulatory proceedings. This is
not a permanent program, but rather a pilot program which will provide,
according to EPA, "experience on which a permanent program can be based".
Today's rules will apply to rulemaking phasing out most PCB uses. NPRM Jan
7 1977 (42 FR 1492) establishing general EPA program of funding public
participation in regulatory proceedings. Outlines rules governing PCB ban
rulemaking p. 60911, col 2, bottom. See text of "public funding"
provisions of TSCA, Sec. 6(c)(4) p. 60912.
ISSUE
DATE
SUBJECT
FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 42, NO. 136, P. 36484
July 15, 1977
Proposed: 40 CFR Part 761
EPA will receive reply comments on proposed regulations regarding PCBs
pursuant to TSCA until July 25 1977. NPRM May 24 1977 (42 FR 26564-77).
-28-
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ISSUE
DATE
SUBJECT
FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 42, NO. 123, P. 32555
June 27, 1977
Proposed: 40 CFR Part 261
receive comments on its proposed rules for implementing phased bans on
PCBs, pursuant to TSCA (PL 94-469).
ISSUE
DATE
SUBJECT
FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 42, NO. 100, P. 26564
May 24, 1977
Proposed: 40 CFR Part 761
EPA proposes regulations prescribing disposal and marking requirements
for PCBs and articles and equipment which contain the toxic substance;
comment deadline June 22 1977. Hearing on the proposed regulation will be
held June 24 1977, 10 am, Rm 3906, EPA Hdqtrs, Wash DC. Requests for
participation must be received on or before June 14 1977 text of new Part
761 begins p. 26570; see p. 26576 on marking formats.
:SSUE
DATE
SUBJECT
FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 42, NO. 77, P. 20640
April 21, 1977
Proposed: 40 CFR Part 750
EPA proposes to implement procedural requirements applying to all
rulemakings under Sec. 6 of the Toxic Substances Control Act (15 USC 2605);
comment deadline July 1 1977; comments as to procedures to be followed in
their PCB hearing must be received by May 9 1977.
-29-
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ISSUE FEDERAL REGISTER Vol. 42, p 3701
DATE January 19, 1977
SUBJECT PCB public meeting. Solicitation of comments
ISSUE FEDERAL REGISTER Vol. 42, p 1067
DATE January 5, 1977
SUBJECT Rescheduling of public meeting
ISSUE FEDERAL REGISTER Vol. 41, p 53692
DATE December 8, 1976
SUBJECT Formation of PCB Workgroup
Notice of Public meetings; Solicitation of
comments (on marking and disposal)
-30-
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EPR REPORTS FROM THE
NflTIONflL TECHNICflL INFflRMBTION SFHUirr
(NTIS)
DHTflBHSE
These citations from the NTIS database
refer to EPfl authored, sponsored,
contracted, or otheruiise funded reports.
The references listed in this section
may be purchased from.
NTIS
5285 Port Royal Road
Springfield, VA 22161
(703) 487-4600
-------
TITLE:
AUTHORS:
SPONSOR:
DATE:
NOTE :
A Comparative Study of Two Polychlorinated Biphenyl Mixtures (Aroclor
1242 and 1016) Containing 42% Chlorine on Induction of Hepatic
and Drug Metabolizing Enzymes "
Goldstein, Joyce A. ; Hlckman, Patricia ; Burse, Virlyn W. ; Bergman,
Hinds
National Environmental Research Center, Research Triangle Park, N.C.
27 Nov 74 14p
Pub. in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 32, p461-473 1975.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology, Group*14 PB-280
880 (Journal Article) '
REPORT NUMBER
PB-280 893/9 (NTIS);
ABSTRACT:
Aroclor 1242 and Aroclor 1016 are polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) mixtures
with similar chlorine content (42 vs 41%), but Aroclor 1242 contains 97,
biphenyl homologs with five or more chlorines while Aroclor 1016 contains
only 1%. The effects of Aroclor 1242 and Aroclor 1016 on induction of
hepatic porphyria and drug-metabolizing enzymes were compared in female
rats fed 100 ppm or 500 ppra of each. At 1 wk, Aroclor 1242 markedly
increased liver weight and all drug-metabolizing pathways tested including
cytochrome P-450, liver weight, N-demethylase, nitroreductase, aniline
hydroxylase, and glucuronyl transferase, while Aroclor 1016 had produced
only very minimal effects. At 6 mo, however, 500 ppm of either Aroclor
markedly increased drug-metabolism, while at the lower dose, Aroclor 1016
was much less effective than Aroclor 1242. Both doses of Aroclor 1242
produced prophyria, but only the higher dose of Aroclor 1016 was
prophyrogenic. The porphyria occurred after a lag of 1-6 mo and was
characterized by excretion and hepatic storage or uroporphyrins. Aroclor
tissue concentrations were similar in rats fed equal doses of the two
mixtures. Therefore, the marked differences in the biological effects of
Aroclor 1016 and Aroclor 1242 cannot be explained by differences in
absorption, metabolism, or excretion.
-31-
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TTLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATON
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
ABSTRACT
A First Order Mass Balance Model for the Sources.
of PCBs in the Environment
Distribution and Fate
(Final rept.)
Whitmore, Frank C.
Versar, Inc., Springfield, Va.
Environmental Protection Agency,
Toxic Substances.
Washington, D.C. Office of
PB-270 220 (NTIS); EPA/460/6-77/006 (EPA);
EPA-68-01-3259 (EPA Contract Number)
27 Jul 77 (180p)
A first order model for the sources, distribution and fate of PCBs in an
aquatic system is described. The model is then applied to Lake Michigan and
to the Great Lakes Systems. The results obtained from the model indicate
that atmospheric sources are a major PCB input to the Great Lakes. Because
of the great water mass of the lakes, the PCB concentration appears to be
storage controlled rather than loss controlled. The major loss mechanisms
are found to be co-evaporation from the airwater interface and entrapment
with sediments. It is estimated that if all inputs or PCBs rate Lake
Michigan were eliminated, it would take more than 70 years for the
concentration of PCBs in the water to decrease by 50 per cent.
TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
A Handbook of Key Federal Regulations and Criteria for Multimedia
Environmental Control "~~~ " " --
(Final rept. Sep 78-Jun 79)
Greenwood, D. R. ; Kingsbury , G. L. ; Cleland, J. G.
Research Triangle Inst. , Research Triangle Park, NC.
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Triangle Park,
REPORT NUMBER
PB80-107998(NTIS); EPA/600/7-79/175 (EPA)
EPA-68-02-2612 (EPA Contract Number)
-32-
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REPORT DATE
ABSTRACT
Aug 79 273p
The handbook summarizes major Federal environmental regulations and
recommendations and the legislative acts that authorize them. It summarizes
and tabulates quantitative control limits specified by Federal agencies It
compares the various regulations, standards, and criteria. It includes a
selected bibliography addressing Federal environmental control activities
TITLE
AUTHOR
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
ABSTRACT
A Method for the Sampling and Analysis of Polychlorinated Biphenyls
(PCBs) in Ambient Air ~ '
(Final rept. Aug 75-Dec 77)
Stratton, Charles L. ; Whitlock, Stuart A. ; Allan, J. Mark
Environmental Science and Engineering, Inc., Gainesville, FL.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Toxic
Substances.
PB-288 410/4 (NTIS); EPA/600/4-78/048 (EPA)
EPA-68-01-2978 (EPA Contract Number)
Aug 78 (150p)
A method was developed for the sampling and analysis of polychlorinated
biphenyls (PCBs) in air. An easily constructed, high-volume sampling system
is employed with porous polyurethane foam as the collection medium. The
sample is collected at the rate of 0.6 to 1.0 cu m per minute. Laboratory
procedures described in this document permit the quantitative analysis of
even the most volatile PCB species in an air sample. A perchlorination
technique for the quantitative analysis of PCB has been adapted for use.
The technique is shown to convert even the most volatile PCB species to
decachlorobiphenyl for simple and direct quantitative analysis. Data is
presented to show conversion efficiencies of a variety of PCBs to
decachlorobiphenyl of 101 + or - 6 percent over the range of 0.103 to 10.0
micrograms. A ruggedness test was conducted which indicates the proposed
perchlorination technique can yield reliable interlaboratory results. The
perchlorination technique is generally necessary for the analysis of low
(i.e., less than 25 ng/cu m airborne levels of PCB. The analytical method
is effective for the analysis of airborne PCB levels within at least the
range of 1 ng/cu m to 50 micrograms/cu m. (Portions of this document are
not fully legible)
-33-
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A Note on Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Air
AUTHOR Kutz, Frederick W. ; Yang, Henry S. C.
CORPORATE SOURCE Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
REPORT DATE 1972 (Ip)
NOTES
REPORT NUMBER
Pub. in unidentified Jnl.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Pesticide Chemical Analysis
Group 3, PB-275 978.
Order as PB-275 978
ABSTRACT
Samples of ambient air were collected using an ethylene-glycol impinger
sampler, and analyzed for selected pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls
in suburban locations in Florida, Mississippi, and Colorado. Preliminary
results for samples taken in April, May, and June of 1975 show that PCB's
were present at all locations.
-34-
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TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT DATE
NOTES
Accumulation of PCBs (Polychlorinated Biphenyls), Mercury and Cadmium by
'Nereis virens ' , 'Mercenaria mercenaria'. and Palaemonetes pugio ' fFom
Contaminated Harbor Sediments~~
(Journal article)
Rubinstein, N. I. ; Lores, E. ; Gregory, N. R.
Georgia State Univ., Atlanta.
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
c!983 (14p)
Pub. in Aquatic Toxicology 3, p249-260 1983.
REPORT NUMBER
ABSTRACT
PB83-229047 (NTIS); EPA-R-809370 (EPA Contract Number)
Accumulation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), mercury, and cadmium by
sandworms (Nereis virens), hard clams (Mercenaria mercenaria), and grass
shrimp (Palaemonetes pugio) exposed to contaminated sediments from four
sites in New York Harbor was studied for a 100-day period. Results from
this study support the contention that sediment concentration alone does
not reflect bioavailability and that toxicity tests (bioassays) and field
monitoring remain the most direct method for estimating bioaccumulation
potential of sediment-bound contaminants.
TITLE
AUTHOR
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
Acquisition and Chemical Analysis of Mother's Milk for Selected Toxic
Substances~~'~
(Final rept. 23 Jan 78-18 Apr 80)
Erickson, Mitchell D. ; Harris, III, Benjamin S. H. ; Pellizzari, Edo D.-
Tomer, Kenneth B. ; Waddell, Richard D.
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of
Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
PB81-231029(NTIS); EPA/560/13-80/029 (EPA)
EPA-68-01-3849 (EPA Contract Number)
Dec 80 (164p)
-35-
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ABSTRACT
Samples of mother's milk were collected from Bayonne, NJ; Jersey City
NJ; Pittsburgh, PA; Baton Rouge, LA; and Charleston, WV, and analyzed for
volatile (purgeables) and semivolatile (extractable) organics using glass
capillary gas chromatography/mass spectrometry/computer. In the volatile
fraction, 26 halogenated hydrocarbons, 17 aldehydes, 20 ketones, 11
alcohols, 2 acids, 3 ethers, 1 epoxide, 14 furans, 26 other oxygenated
compounds, 4 sulfur-containing compounds, 7 nitrogen-containing compounds,
13 alkanes, 12 alkenes, 7 alkynes, 11 cyclic hydrocarbons, and 15 aromatics
were found, including major peaks for hexanal, limonene, dichlorobenzene,
and some esters. The levels of dichlorobenzene appeared to be significantly
higher in the samples from Jersey City and Bayonne than in samples from
other sites. Jersey City samples also appeared to have significantly higher
levels of tetrachloroethylene. Charleston and Jersey City samples appeared
to have significantly higher levels of chloroform; however, chloroform was
observed in the blanks at about 20% of that in the samples. Due to the
small sample size and lack of control over the solicitation of sample
donors, the data cannot be used to extrapolate to the general population.
Fewer semivolatile compounds of interest were found. Polychlorinated
naphthalenes, polybrominated biphenyls, chlorinated phenols, and other
compounds were specifically sought and not detected (limit of detection
about 20-100 ng/mL milk). Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and DDE were
found.
TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
REPORT DATE
NOTES
Adenofibrosis in the Rat Liver, With Persistence of Polychlorinated
Biphenyls in Adipose Tissue~~ ~
Kimbrough, Renate D. ; Linder, Ralph E. ; Burse, Virlyn W. ; Jenning
Ralph W. e'
Environmental Protection Agency, Chamblee, Ga. Office of Pesticides
Programs.
19 Apr 78 6p
Pub. in Archives of Environmental Health, v27 p390-395, Dec 73.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology, Group 13, PB-280
602.
REPORT NUMBER
PB-280 602 (NTIS)
-36-
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ABSTRACT
Fifty male Sherman strain rats were fed 500 ppm of a polychlorinated
biphenyl (PCB) (Aroclor 1254) for six months. Five each were killed zero
one, two, three, four, six, eight, and ten months after exposure to Aroclor
had ceased. The livers of these rats were examined by light and electron
microscopy. Liver lesions persisted although exposure to PCBs ceased. Ten
months after exposure ceased, 1,192 ppm PCBs were still present in the
rats' adipose tissue and 22.65 ppm in the rat livers. Aroclor patterns
found in the tissues by electron capture gas chromatograhy differed from
patterns of dietary Aroclors. Mass spectral analysis of liver and adipose
tissue revealed three major Aroclor components with masses of 324, 358, and
392. These contained isotopic clusters indicative of the presence of *C15
C16, and C17, respectively. '
TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
ABSTRACT
Advances in Exposure, Health and Environmental Effects Studies of PCBs
(Polychlorinated Biphenyls); Symposium Proceedings, May 12-13, 1982
(Final rept.) ~~~"
Davenport, R. J. ; Bernard, B. K.
Life Systems, Inc., Cleveland, OH.
Corp. Source Codes: 064218000
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Toxic
Substances.
PB84-135771 (NTIS); EPA-68-01-6554 (EPA Contract Number)
Dec 83 366p
The Proceedings is a compilation of data presented and discussed during a
symposium held May 12-13, 1982 in Bethesda, Maryland, to provide an
information update for the Environmental Protection Agency's
Polychlorinated Biphenyls Program. Nine papers, seven discussion summaries
and concluding remarks address data, published or from studies in progress
since 1978, in the following topic areas: Analytical Methodologies,
Exposure Studies—Environmental Residues and Bioaccumulation, Exposure
Studies—Industrial Processes, Health Effects—Epidemiology, Health
Effects—Laboratory Studies, Environmental Effects, and Risk Assessment.
Each contributed paper includes a significant bibliography of cited and
related scientific literature references for those seeking greater detail.
-37-
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TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
ABSTRACT
Age Dependent Model of PCS in a Lake Michigan Food Chain
(Rept. for 1 May 78-30 Sep 81)"
Thomann, R. V. ; Connolly, J. P.
Manhattan Coll., Bronx, NY. Environmental Engineering and Science
Program.
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
PB84-155993 (NTIS); EPA-600/3-84-026 (EPA)
EPA-R-805916 (EPA Contract Number)
Feb 84 122p
An age-dependent food chain model that considers species bioenergetics
and toxicant exposure through water and food was developed. It was
successfully applied to PCB contamination in the Lake Michigan lake trout
food chain represented by phytoplankton, Mysis, alewife, and lake trout.
The model indicated that for the top predator lake trout, PCB exposure
through the food chain can account for greater than 99 percent of the
observed body burden. It was estimated that a creterion specifying that PCB
concentrations of all ages of lake trout be at or below 5 micrograma/g (wet
weight) in the edible portion would require that dissolved PCB
concentrations be reduced to somewhere between 0.5 and 2.5 micrograms/1.
TITLE
AUTHOR
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
Airborne Organic Contaminants in the Great Lakes Ecosystem
(Journal article)'"
Eisenreich, S. J. ; Looney, B. B. ; Thornton, J. D.
Minnesota Univ., Minneapolis.
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
PB84-124213 (NTIS); EPA-600/J-81-665 (EPA)
EPA-R-806084 (EPA Contract Number)
c!981 12p
-38-
-------
NOTES
ABSTRACT
Published in Environmental Science and Technology, vl5 nl p30-38 1981.
"ld
Atmospheric fluxes to thp f:roa^
removal processes. These processes ^^U^or^^ °f
Dry deposition is 1.5-5.0 times the wet deposition V ?** contamina"ts -
selected-chlorinated pesticides and ™f °?pofltion for the trace organics,
(O 1981 American Chemical Society d)p°lychl°rlnated biphenyls. (Copyrigh
TITLE
AUTHOR
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
—STRACT
Bruner, III, R. j. . H111> David
Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, Ga. Surveillance and Analysis
PB-276 042/9 (NTIS); EPA/904/9-77/032 (EPA)
Oct 77 28p
s
and Hartwell. Tissue, sediment and
and analyzed. Big Cypress Swamn H
determine backgro'und^concentra^ons
activities. STORET data for the states of NC SC
were analyzed and all station* h» 7 '
than 100" Aerograms/kg PCBs in sed^n^s^nd
water are reported and potential nr.M
the PCB problem is evaluated and re ^ T"
sampling needs. evaluated a"d recommendations
I™" ^ WelSS
lakes are "Ported
*"* ^^ C°
GA 17*°'*
' L> AL' MS« TN and
Aerogram/liter in whole
deflned- The extent ^
are made regarding future
-39-
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TITLE
Ambient Monitoring for PCS Near Three Landfills in the Bloomington
Indiana Area '
(final rept.)
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Triangle Park,
NC.
PB85-233492/XAB (NTIS); EPA/600/4-85/044 (EPA)
EPA-68-02-3745 (EPA Contract Number)
Jun 85 145p
ABSTRACT
A monitoring program was conducted to determine PCB levels in ambient air
on and in the vicinity of three landfills in the Bloomington, Indiana area.
Fixed-height measurements were made at locations on the sites where
capacitors containing PCB were exposed (hot spots) and at nominally upwind
and downwind locations. Vertical PCB concentration profiles were also
obtained at five elevations (2 to 180 cm) above selected hot spots
Sampling was performed over 8-hour daytime periods (approximately 0900-1700
hours) and over 24-hour periods at various on- and off-site locations.
Polyurethane foam (PUF) cartridges used either with Du Pont personal-type
sampling pumps or EPA-developed high volume samplers were used for
collection of PCB from the ambient air. The quantity of PCB (as Aroclor
1242) in the PUF cartridges was determined by extraction and analysis of
the extract by electron-capture gas chromatography (EPA Method 608).
Meteorological conditions were also measured at the sites during the field
monitoring period.
-40-
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TITLE
Ambient Water Quality Criteria for Polychlorinated Biphenvls
CORPORATE SOURCE Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Criteria and Standards
Div.
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
ABSTRACT
PB81-117798 (NTIS); EPA-440/5-80-068 (EPA)
Oct 80 200p
Section 304(a) of the Clean Water Act (33 U.S.C. 1314(a)), requires EPA
to publish and periodically update water quality criteria. These criteria
are to reflect the latest scientific knowledge on the identifiable effects
of pollutants on public health and welfare, aquatic life, and recreation
This report presents water quality criteria for the titled chemical It
presents concentration criteria for the protection of fresh water and
saltwater aquatic life. It presents 'safe' concentrations for humans, and
in the case of suspect or proven carcinogens, gives various levels of
incremental cancer risk. A section 304(a) water quality criterion is a
qualitative or quantitative estimate of the concentration of a water
constituent or pollutant in ambient waters which, when not exceeded .will
ensure a water quality sufficient to protect a specified water use. Under
the Act a criterion is a scientific entity, based solely on data and
scientific judgment. It does not reflect considerations of economic or
technological feasibility nor is it a water quality standard and in itself
has no regulatory effect.
-41-
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TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
NOTES
An Evaluation of Emission Factors for Waste-to-Energy Systems
(Final rept. Nov 78-79) ~ "
Rinaldi, G. M. ; Balckwood, T. R. ; Harris, D. L. ; Tackett, K. M.
Monsanto Research Corp., Dayton, OH.
Corp. Source Codes: 018509000
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
PB80-2266665 (NTIS); EPA-600/7-80-135
EPA-68-03-2550 (EPA Contract Number); MRC-DA-921 (Contractor)
Jul 80 53p
See also report dated Aug 77, PB-275 525.
ABSTRACT
This report contains a summary of emission factors for the combustion of
refuse for the purpose of providing energy recovery or volume reduction.
This study was conducted to provide an up-to-date compliance of these
factors for use in planning and assessing the benefits and risks from this
industry.
TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
Analysis of Pesticide Residues in Human And Environmental Samples- A
Compilation of Methods Selected for Use in Pesticide Monitoring Programs
(Final rept.) ~ '
Sherma, Joseph ; Beroza, Morton
Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington, VA.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
PB82-208752 (NTIS); EPA/600/8-80/038
EPA-68-02-2474 (EPA Contract Number)
Jun 80 557p
-42-
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ABSTRACT
This manual provides Che pesticide chemist with methodology useful in
determining human exposure to pesticides and related industrial chemicals.
Methods are also presented for measuring the extent of environmental
contamination with these compounds. This manual has been compiled and
produced in an effort to promote general acceptance and adoption of uniform
chemical methodology of utmost reproducibility and accuracy and to ensure
that analytical results can be correlated and directly compared between
laboratories Methods contained in this manual have generally been
developed and/or evaluated by this laboratory within the Environmental
Toxicology Division. The analytical methodology compiled herein consists of
both multiresidue and specific residue procedures. Included also are
miscellaneous topics treating a number of important activities such as the
cleaning of laboratory glassware, the preparation of analytical reference
standards and the calibration and maintenance of the gas chromatograph
Several of the methods have been subjected to collaborative studies and
have thereby been proved to produce acceptable interlaboratory precision
and accuracy. These methods are designated by stars placed at the left of
the title in the Table of Contents. Other methods presented are thought to
interlaboratory
TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
Analysis of Polychlorinated Biphenyl (PCB) Loading Trends in Lak
(Journal article)
Rodgers, P. W. ; Swain, W. R.
Limno-Tech, Inc., Ann Arbor, MI.
Amsterdam Univ. (Netherlands) .; Environr.sntal Research
Lab.-Duluth, MN.
REPORT NUMBER PB84-245513 (NTIS); EPA/600/J-83/245 (EPA)
-43-
-------
REPORT DATE
NOTES
ABSTRACT
c!983 13p
Prepared in cooperation with Amsterdam Univ. (Netherlands).
Pub. in Jnl. of Great Lakes Research 9, n4 p548-558 1983.
Not available NTIS
PCB concentrations in coregonid fishes (bloater chubs) collected from
Lake Michigan between 1972 and 1980 are used to infer a historical loading
trend for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). A mass balance model was
developed to describe the dynamics of PCBs by assuming that historical fish
concentrations are proportional to concurrent water column concentrations
of PCB. The validity of this assumption is strengthened, since the data
represent a single species of fish (a pelagic feeder), a specific age class
of the species, and a single laboratory performing the collections and
analysis of the data. The results of model analysis indicate that PCB
loading to Lake Michigan during the period of observation can be described
by a linearly decreasing trend. The calibrated model also forecasts the
response of selected fish species to various loading scenarios. (Copyright
(c) Internet. Assoc. Great Lakes Res., 1983.)
TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
Analysis of Polychlorinated Byphenyl (PCB) in Human Blood Serum Samples
(Research request no. 2 (Final) Jan-Oct 77)"
Stratton, Charles L. ; Geiszler, Paul C.
Environmental Science and Engineering, Inc., Gainesville, FL.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Toxic
Substances.
PB-291 458/8 (NTIS); EPA/560/6-78/007 (EPA)
EPA-68-01-3248 (EPA Contract Number)
Oct 77 66p
-44-
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ABSTRACT
A total of 208 human blood serum samples and two mother's milk samples
were analyzed for polychlorinated blphenyl (PCS). The samples were supplied
to Environmental Science and Engineering, Inc. (ESE) in frozen condition by
the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Center for Disease
Control, Atlanta, Georgia. This report includes the analytical results for
these samples and an assessment of the degree of uncertainty involved in
the analysis.
TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
SPONSOR
ABSTRACT
Analytical Method: The Analysis of By-Product Chlorinated Biphenvls in
Water. Revision 2 ~ " —'
(Special rept. Sep 84-May 85)
Erickson, M. D.
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, MO.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Toxic
Substances.
PB86-109105/XAB (NTIS); EPA/560/5-85/012 (EPA)
EPA-68-02-3938 (EPA Contract Number)
10 May 85 58p
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Toxic Substances.
Office of
This is a gas chromatographic/electron impact mass spectrometric
(GC/EIMS) method applicable to the determination of chlorinated biphenyls
(PCBs) in industrial wastewater. The PCBs present may originate either as
synthetic by-products or as contaminants derived from commercial PCB
products (e.g., Aroclors). The PCBs may be present as single isomers or
complex mixtures and may include all 209 congeners from monochlorobiphenyl
through decachlorobiphenyl. A variety of general and specific sample
preparation options are presented in this
different approach from those which
calibration and quantitat Ion. In this
quantitated by homolog group. The results can be summed to give a total PCB
value comparable to results generated by other methods or they may be
presented as 10 individual homolog values. This homolog distribution can
provide additional quantitative information on the composition and source
of the PCBs. The method performance is assessed for each sample. A set of
four (sup 13)C-labeled PCBs is employed as recovery surrogates. If the
surrogates are recovered and other QC parameters are within acceptable
limits, then the data may be considered valid.
method. This method takes a
relyo n Aroclor mixtures for
method PCBs are detected and
-45-
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TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
SPONSOR
Analytical Method: The Analysis of By-Product Chlorinated Biphenyls in
Air. Revision 2~7~~ ~"
(Special rept. Sep 84-May 85)
Erickson, M. D.
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, MO.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Toxic
Substances.
PB86-109097/XAB (NTIS); EPA/560/5-85/011 (EPA)
EPA-68-02-3938 (EPA Contract Number)
20 May 85 66p
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of
Toxic Substances.
ABSTRACT
This is a gas chromatographic/electron impact mass spectrometric
(GC/EIMS) method applicable to the determination of chlorinated biphenyls
(PCBs) in air emitted from commercial production through stacks, as
fugitive emissions, or static (room, other containers, or outside) air. The
PCBs present may originate either as synthetic by-products or as
contaminants derived from commercial PCB products (e.g., Aroclors). The
PCBs may be present as single isomers or complex mixtures and may include
all 209 congeners from monochlorobiphenyl through decachlorobiphenyl. A
variety of general and specific sample preparation options are presented in
this method. This method takes a different approach from those which rely
on Aroclor mixtures for calibration and quantitation. In this method PCBs
are detected and quantitated by homolog group. The results can be summed to
give a total PCB value comparable to results generated by other methods or
they may be presented as 10 individual homolog values. This homolog
distribution can provide additional quantitative information on the
composition and source of the PCBs. The method performance is assessed for
each sample. A set of four (sup 13)C-labeled PCBs is employed as recovery
surrogates. If the surrogates are recovered and other QC parameters are
within acceptable limits, then the data may be considered valid.
-46-
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TITLE
AUTHOR
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
SPONSOR
ABSTRACT
Analytical Method: The Analysis of By-Product Chlorinated Biphenvls in
Commercial Products and Product Wastes. Revision 2"
(Special rept. Sep 84-May 85)~~
Erlckson, M. D.
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, MO.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Toxic
Substances.
PB86-109089/XAB (NTIS); EPA/560/5-85/010 (EPA)
EPA-68-01-3938 (EPA Contract Number)
20 May 85 61p
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Toxic Substances.
Office of
This is a gas chromatographic/electron impact mass spectrometric
(GC/EIMS) method applicable to the determination of chlorinated biphenyls
(PCBs) in commercial products and product wastes. The PCBs present may
originate either as synthetic by-products or as contaminants derived from
commercial PCB products (e.g., Aroclors). The PCBs may be present as single
isomers or complex mixtures and may include all 209 congeners from
monochlorobiphenyl through decachloro biphenyl. A variety of general and
specific sample preparation options are presented in this method. This
method takes a different approach from those which re ly on Aroclor
mixtures for calibration and quantitation. In this method PCBs are detected
and quantitated by homolog group. The results can be summed to give a total
PCB value comparable to results generated by other methods or they may be
presented as 10 individual homolog values. This homolog distribution can
provide additional quantitative information on the composition and source
of the PCBs. The method performance is assessed for each sample. A set of
four (sup 13)C labeled PCBs is employed as recovery surrogates. If the
surrogates are recovered and other QC parameters are within acceptable
limits, then the data may be considered valid.
-47-
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TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
NOTE
Analytical Methods for By-Products PCBs—Preliminary Validation and
Interim Methods~
(Interim rept. no 4, 24 Apr-31 Aug 82)
Erickson, Mitchell D. ; Stanley, John S. ; Radolovich, Gil ; Turman Kay•
Bauer, Karin
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, MO.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Toxic
Substances.
PB83-127696 (NTIS); EPA-560/5-82-006 (EPA)
EPA-68-01-5915 (EPA Contract Number)
11 Oct 82 244p
See also PB83-126573.
ABSTRACT
This document presents proposed analytical methods for analysis of
by-products PCBs in commercial products, product waste streams,
wastewaters, and air. The analytical method for commercial products and
product waste streams consist of a flexible approach for extraction and
cleanup of particular matrices. The ISC-labeled PCB surrogates are added as
part of a strong quality assurance program to determine levels of recovery.
The wastewater method is based on EPA Methods 608 and 625 with revisions to
include use of the 13C-labeled PCB surrogates. The air method is a revision
of a proposed EPA method for the collection and analysis of PCBs in air and
flue gas emissions. Capillary or packed column gas chromatography/electron
impact ionization mass spectrometry is proposed as the primary instrumental
method. Response factors and retention times of 77 PCB congeners relative
to tetrachlorobiphenyl-d6 are presented in addition to statistical analysis
to project validity of the data and extrapolation of relative response
factors to all 209 possible congeners. Preliminary studies using the
13C-labeled surrogates to validate specific cleanup procedures and to
analyze several commercial products and product wastes indicate that the
proposed analytical methods are both feasible and practical.
-48-
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TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
REPORT DATE
NOTE
REPORT NUMBER
ABSTRACT
Analytical Results of a PCB Test Incineration
Wolbach, C. D. ; Fitch, W. F. ; Flynn, N. ; Markoja, B.
Acurex Corp. , Mountain View, CA.
Apr 81 Ip
Included in Proceedings of the Symposium on Process Measurement for
Environmental Assessment (2nd), p335 1981.
PB82-211574 (NTIS)
No abstract available.
TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
Application of a Sediment Dynamics Model for Estimation of Vertical
Burial Rates of PCBs in Southern Lake Michigan ~ =
Weininger, D. ; Armstrong, D. E. ; Swackhamer, D. P.
Wisconsin Univ.-Madison. Water Chemistry Program.
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
PB84-215532 (NTIS); EPA-600/D-84-189 (EPA)
EPA-68-01-0502 (EPA Contract Number)
Jul 84 20p
ABSTRACT
The recovery of Lake Michigan from PCB contamination depends on the rates
of reduction in PCB input from external sources and removal of PCBs present
in the lake system. The loading of PCBs to the Great Lakes should be
decreasing. Consequently, if the PCB burden of the lake is also declining,
recovery should be occurring. Because the removal of PCBs from the lake
water to the bottom sediments is relatively rapid, sediments could play a
role as an ultimate sink for PCBs if the normal accretion/burial process is
faster than the rate at which PCBs can diffuse through sediments. In this
paper vertical burial model is developed to estimate the time scale of the
burial process. The model is implemented for PCBs in southern Lake
Michigan.
-49-
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TITLE
Application of Methods 606 and 608 for Analysis of PCBs. Organochlorine
Pesticides and Phthalate Esters Contained in Landfill Leachates ~
(Project rept. Dec 80-May 81) ~
AUTHOR Bellar, Thomas A. ; Froning, Beth
CORPORATE SOURCE Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
PB82-227463 (NTIS); EPA-600/4-82-044 (EPA)
Jun 82 16p
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
ABSTRACT
Leachates collected from a sanitary landfill were spiked with a variety
of phthalate esters, polychlorinated biphenyls and Organochlorine
pesticides. The spiked leachates were then analyzed according to priority
pollutant methods 606 and 608. Accuracy, precision and method detection
limits were calculated from the resulting analyses.
TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
Applying for a Permit to Destroy PCS (Polychlorinated Biphenvl) Wast.
Oil. Volume I. Summary ~ "
(Final rept. May-Dec 79)
Zelenski, S. G. ; Hall, Joanna ; Haupt , S. E.
GCA Corp., Bedford, MA. GCA Technology Div.
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Triangle Park,
PB81-173346 (NTIS); EPA-600/2-81-033A (EPA)
EPA-68-02-3168 (EPA Contract Number)
Mar 81 85p
-50-
-------
ABSTRACT
The report documents the permitting process followed by the State of
Michigan before allowing a trial destruction burn of polychlorinated
biphenyls (PCBs) at the General Motors (GM) Chevrolet Bay City plant.
Volume I includes a chronology of events and a matrix depicting the
interaction of federal, state, and local government agencies and GM in the
permitting process. The matrix presents a list of who requested and who
responded to each need for additional information. An analysis of the
significance of interactions, including interagency communications, private
sector/public communication, and the flow and quality of information
developed is provided. Finally, recommendations that are based on this
permit application process and that might facilitate subsequent
applications for burns of hazardous materials are made.
TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
Applying for a Permit to Destroy PCB Waste Oil. Volume II. Documentation
(Final rept. May-Dec 79) ' ~ -
Zelenski, S. G. ; Hall, Joanna ; Haupt, S. E.
GCA Corp., Bedford, MA. GCA Technology Div.
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Triangle Park,
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
NOTE
PB81-234874 (NTIS); EPA/600/2-81/033B (EPA)
EPA-68-02-3168 (EPA Contract Number)
Mar 81 220p
See also PB81-173346.
ABSTRACT
The two-volume report documents the permitting process followed by the
State of Michigan before allowing a trial destruction burn of
polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) at the General Motors (GM) Chevrolet Bay
City plant. Volume I includes a chronology of events and a matrix depicting
the interaction of federal, state, and local government agencies and GM in
the permitting process. The matrix presents a list of who requested and who
responded to each need for additional information. An analysis of the
significance of interactions, including interagency communications, private
sector/public communication, and the flow and quality of information
developed, is provided. Finally, recommendations that are based on this
permit application process and that might facilitate subsequent
-51-
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applications for burns of hazardous materials are made. Volume II contains
the relevant documents summarized in the Volume I lists. Recommendations
include: (1) identification of all groups that may play an important role
in future permitting processes; (2) contacting these groups by letter or in
person; (3) developing a relationship of cooperation with these groups; (4)
determining the level of support for proposed action; and (5) determining
the necessary course of action based on the level of support.
TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
ABSTRACT
Assessment of Emissions of Specific Compounds from a Resource Recovery
Municipal Refuse Incinerator
(Final rept.)
Haile, C. L. ; Blair, R. B. ; Lucas, R. M. ; Walker, T.
Midwest Research Inst. , Kansas City, MO.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Toxic
Substances.
PB85-110435/XAB (NTIS); EPA/560/5-84/002 (EPA)
EPA-68-01-5915 (EPA Contract Number)
Jun 84 94p
This study was conducted as a part of a nationwide survey to determine
organic emissions from major stationary combustion sources. The principal
compounds of interest were polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and
polychlorinated aromatic compounds, including polychlorinated biphenyls
(PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), and polychlorinated
dibenzofurans (PCDFs). This report describes an assessment of emissions
from a resource recovery municipal refuse incinerator.
-52-
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TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
ABSTRACT
Assessment of PCDDs (Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins) and PCDFs
(Polychlorinated Pi benzof grans')
Transformer and Capacitor Fires
from PCB (Polychlorinated Biphenyl*s)
Lee, A.
Technical Resources, Inc., Bethesda, MD.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste
Engineering Research Lab.
PB85-188837/XAB (NTIS); EPA/600/2-85/036 (EPA)
EPA-68-03-3212 (EPA Contract Number)
Apr 85 130p
The EPA, under the Toxic Substances Control Act, has been mandated to
develop appropriate regulations for the control of exposure to
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). In light of this responsibility the EPA
Office of Toxic Substances recently issued an Advance Notice of Proposed
Ruleraaking (ANPR) intended to define the problem of releases of PCBs and
other toxic compounds during fires involving transformers and capacitors
containing PCBs. The EPA Office of Research and Development (ORD) has also
been mandated under the recently released Dioxin Strategy document to
evaluate fire accidents involving PCB transformers and capacitors as
potential new sources of polychlorinated dibenzodioxins (PCDDs) and
Polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) in the environment. To develop the
information to support the two mandated programs, the EPA/ORD undertook
this study to assess the problems associated with fires involving askarels,
to catalog the contamination experiences and to review potential
decontamination methods as well as disposal of contaminated material. This
study assesses the chemistry of PCBs under thermal conditions and evaluates
the generation of PCDDs and PCDFs. It reviews technologies for destruction
and disposal of PCBs and their toxic contaminants. Methodologies to assess
potential hazards and reduce exposure are also discussed.
-53-
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TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
ABSTRACT
Assessment of the Environmental and Economic Impacts of the Ban on
Imports of PCBs" ' ~~~
(Final rept.)
Burruss, Jr, Robert P.
Versar, Inc., Springfield, Va.
Environmental Protection Agency,
Toxic Substances.
Washington, D.C. Office of
PB-270 225 (NTIS); EPA/560/6-77/007 (EPA)
EPA-68-01-3259 (EPA Contract Number)
Jul 77 175p
This report summarizes an investigation into the uses of imported
polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the United States. Imported PCBs are
presently used only for the maintenance of certain mining machinery. In
addition, PCBs are present as a significant impurity in polychlorinated
terphenyls (PCTs) imported for use in investment casting waxes. Importation
of PCBs for these uses will be banned after 1977 by the Toxic Substances
Control Act, unless exemptions are allowed in accordance with the
provisions of the Act. The recent Directive of the Council of the European
Communities (EEC) prohibits use of PCBs and PCTs in investment casting
waxes, but allows continued use of PCBs in mining machinery in Europe.
TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
Assessment of the Use of Selected Replacement Fluids for PCBS In
Electrical Equipment" ' '
(Final rept.)
Westin, Robert A.
Versar, Inc., Springfield, VA.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Toxic
Substances.
-54-
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REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
NOTE
ABSTRACT
PB-296 377/5 (NTIS) EPA/560/6-77/008 (EPA)
EPA-68-01-3259 (EPA Contract Number)
1 Mar 79 109p
See also PB-252 012.
This report summarizes the required physical and electrical properties of
liquids used as dielectric and cooling fluids in transformers,
electromagnets, electric motors, and capacitors. Prior to 1977 PCBs were
widely used in all of these applications and provided excellent fire
safety. The use of PCBs was banned by the Toxic Substances Control Act. The
new materials that were developed as substitutes for PCBs in these
applications are discussed in light of the required properties and the
performance trade-offs that resulted from their use.
TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
ABSTRACT
Assessment of Wastewater Management, Treatment Technology, and Associated
Costs for Abatement of PCBs Concentrations in Industrial Effluents. Task TT
(Final rept.)~
Contos, Gayaneh ; Durfree, Robert L. ; Hackman, III, E. E. • Price
Kenneth ' '
Versar, Inc., Springfield, Va.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. Office of
Toxic Substances.
PB-251 433/9 (NTIS) EPA/560/6-76/006 (EPA)
EPA-68-01-3259 (EPA Contract Number)
30 Jan 76 282p
This document presents the findings of a study of available wastewater
management and treatment technology for the purpose of determining toxic
pollutant effluents concentrations and daily load achievable in three
industrial categories: polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) manufacturing-
-55-
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capacitor manufacturing; and transformer manufacturing. All plants in the
above categories have PCB discharges to either waterways or sewage
treatment plants, under normal operating conditions. All plants have
discharges to storm sewers or directly to waterways under heavy rainfall
conditions. For scrap oils and burnable solid wastes generated at these
plants, high temperature, controlled incineration offers a straightforward
method of destruction, whereas scientific landfilling appears to be the
best suited mode of disposal for nonburnable contaminated solids. Zero
discharge objectives can be best achieved by eliminating discharge streams
and developing recycle systems. All non-contact cooling water would be
segregated, cooled, and recycled. All other wastewater streams would be
pretreated. The portion of the pretreated water which would be used in the
plant would be treated with carbon, while the excess water would be
incinerated in a specially designed system which would allow for energy
recovery. Supporting data, rationale for the selection of above recommended
treatment technologies and associated costs are contained in this report.
Even some on air pollution control is discussed along with the other
pollution factors.
TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
At-Sea Incineration of PCB-Containing Wastes Onboard the M/T VULCANUS
(Final rept. Aug 82-Jan 8lJ~
Ackerman, D. G. ; McGaughey, J. F. ; Wagoner, D. E.
TRW, Inc., Redondo Beach, CA.
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.,
NC.
Research Triangle Park,
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
ABSTRACT
PB83-2076A7 (NTIS); EPA-600/7-83-024 (EPA)
EPA-68-02-3174 (EPA Contract Number)
Apr 83 287p
The report describes tests during the incineration-at-sea of a shipload
of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) onboard the M/T VULCANUS, during August
1982 in the Gulf of Mexico. A standard EPA-specified sampling train was
used to acquire samples of the effluent combustion gases. A fixed-position
water-cooled probe, in the starboard incinerator, directed stack gas to the
train. Ten tests were performed. Samples of the waste were also taken
during each test.
-56-
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TITLE
AUTHOTR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
ABSTRACT
Atmospheric Chemistry of PCBs and PAHs. Volume 9
(Final rept. 1974-757
Andren, A. W. ; Doskey, P. V. ; Strand, J. W.
Wisconsin Univ.-Madison. Water Resources Center.
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Great Lakes
National Program Office.
PB81-196487 (NTIS); EPA-905/4-79-029-I (EPA)
EPA-R-005142
Mar 80 126p
The air over Lake Michigan was sampled during 1977 to develop a
collection method for PCBs and obtain data about their atmospheric
transport and dry deposition onto the lake. A resin, XAD-2, was the most
efficient collection medium for PCB vapor and was incorporated into
standard high volume air samples for the collection of particulate and
vapor phase PCBs. PCB concentrations in air samples taken over Lake
Michigan were lower than those taken from urban areas; i.e., Milwaukee.
Aroclors 1242 and 1254 were the main components of vapor phase PCBs while
in some instances the particulate phase PCBs contained Aroclor 1260. The
particulate phase PCBs over Lake Michigan contained a larger percentage of
the more volatile mixtures than those reported in urban areas such as
Chicago and Milwaukee. PCBs tend to associate with particulates 0.002 to
0.1 micrometer in diameter. The amount and organic carbon content of the
particulate phase appear to control vaporization and revolatilization of
PCBs.
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TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
ABSTRACT
Atmospheric Freons and Halogenated Compounds
(Final rept.)
Appleby, Alan
Rutgers - The State Univ., New Brunswick, N.J.
Science.
Dept. of Environmental
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Triangle Park,
N.C. Gas Kinetics and Photochemistry Branch.
PB-262 432/8 (NTIS); EPA/600/3-76/108 (EPA)
EPA-R-800833 (EPA-R-800833)
Nov 76 357p
Ambient levels of atmospheric Freons, halogenated hydrocarbons, and SF6
were measured at various locations in the U.S.A. Compounds such as CC13F,
CC12F2, CH3-CC13, and CC14 were ubiquitious and generally measured at sub
ppb levels. Tropospherically reactive compounds such as C2C14 and CHC1CC12
were frequently measured; other compounds were measured where a reasonable
source was known. A novel pulsed flow coulometry gas chromatographic
analysis along with other requisite analytical and calibration procedures
were developed and used. Laboratory irradiation simulations established the
tropospheric stability of CC13F, CC12F2, CH3CC13, CC14, CC12FCC1F2, the
reactivity of the chlorinated ethylenes, and the stratospheric reactivity
of CC13F, CC14, and CC12F2. Adventitious labelling of air masses with
halogenated compounds was used to demonstrate urban ozone transport to
rural areas.
-58-
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TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFROMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
NOTE
ABSRACT
Atmospheric Input of Trace Metals to Lake Michigan
(Journal article)
Eisenreich, S. J.
Minnesota Univ., Minneapolis.
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
PB83-247965 (NTIS); EPA-600/J-80-411 (EPA)
EPA-R-805172 (EPA Contract Number)
c!980 18p
Pub. in Water, Air and Soil Pollution 13, p287-301 1980.
Not available from NTIS.
Atmospheric bulk deposition was collected on a monthly basis in the Lake
Michigan basin from September 1975 through December 1976 to determine the
atmospheric loading of trace elements to Lake Michigan. The sampling
network consisted of bulk collectors located at 21 locations in the
northern and southern basin. The percentage of total atmospheric deposition
falling in the southern basin was: Fe-74%, Al-71%; Mn-75%; Zn-67%; Cu-62%;
Pb-78%; Cd-74%; Go-approximately 56%; Ca-79%; Mg-62%; Na-65%; K-61%.
Atmospheric loading rates reported are in general agreement with estimates
made by others from emission inventories and aerosol concentrations. The
geographical distribution of trace element loading implicates the southern
periphery of Lake Michigan as the principal emission source area.
(Copyright (c) 1980 by D. Reidel Publishing Co., Dordrecht, Holland, and
Boston, U.S.A.)
TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
Attenuation of Water-Soluble Polychlorinated Biphenyls by Earth Materials
(Final rept.) ' " '
Griffin, R. A. ; Chian, E. S. K.
Illinois State Geological Survey, Urbana.
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
PB80-219652 (NTIS); EPA-600/2-80-027 (EPA)
EPA-R-804684-01-0 (EPA Contract Number)
-59-
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REPORT DATE
NOTE
May 80 104p
Prepared in cooperation with Georgia Inst. of Tech., Atlanta. School of
Civil Engineering.
ABSTRACT
The aqueous solubility, adsorption, mobility, raicrobial degradation, and
volatility of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were studied under
laboratory conditions. The dissolution of Aroclor 1242 in water required
five months to reach equilibrium. Generally, the water-soluble fractions of
the PCB fluids were richer in the lower chlorinated isomers than in the
original mixture of isomers in the fluid.
TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
Audit of the Vulcanus Incineration Ship Prior to the August 1982 PCB
Burn, Mobile, Alabama
(Final rept.)
Sexton, F. W. ; Lentzen, D. E.
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC. Systems and
Measurements Div.
Sponsor: Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Triangle Park,
NC.
PB83-193698 (NTIS); EPA-600/7-83-023 (EPA)
EPA-68-02-3146 (EPA Contract Number)
Apr 83 28p
ABSTRACT
The report gives results of an evaluation of three systems aboard the
Vulcanus, a Singapore-registered tanker that has been converted for
incinerating industrial waste at sea. The ship has been operating for
several years, disposing of various chemical wastes generated mainly in the
European community. Industrial waste disposal by incineration at sea is
also an option for U.S. waste management systems and thus is of interest to
the EPA. Audit results include a summary of audit results, audit
procedures, audit calculations, test results, recommendations, and audit
standards.
-60-
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TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
NOTE
Baseline Concentrations of Polychlorlnated Biphenyls and DDT in Lake
Michigan Fish, 197T"
Veith, Gilman D.
National Water Quality Lab. , Duluth, Minn.
PB-275 994/2 (NTIS)
1975 9p
Pub. in Pesticides Monitoring Jnl., v9 nl p21-29, Jun 75.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Pesticide Residues in the
Environment, Group 1, PB-275 989.
ABSTRACT
Responding to the recommendations of the Lake Michigan Interstate
Pesticide Committee, the author aimed to establish baseline data on
polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB's) and DDT in Lake Michigan fish in 1971.
Because the past 2 years had witnessed unprecedented legislative action to
protect food resources and other aquatic species near the top of the food
chain from persistent hazardous chemicals, the author also attempted to
gauge the impact of cooperative legislative action on the quality of large
lakes.
-61-
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TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
NOTE
ABSTRACT
Baseline Concentrations of Polychlorinated Biphenyls and DDT in Lake
Michigan Fish, 19?T~~
Veith, Oilman D.
National Water Quality Lab., Duluth, Minn.
Dept. of Civil and Environmental
Wisconsin Univ., Madison.
Engineering.
PB-274 850/7 (NTIS)
1975 9p
Pub. in Pesticides Monitoring Jnl., v9 nl Jun 75. Sponsored in part by
Wisconsin Univ., Madison. Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Pesticide Residues in
Animals, PB-274 846.
Responding to the recommendations of the Lake Michign Interstate
Pesticide Committee, the author aimed to establish baseline data on
polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB's) and DDT in Lake Michigan fish in 1971.
Thirteen species of fish taken from 14 regions of Lake Michigan in the fall
of 1971 were analyzed for PCB's and DDT analogs. Mean wet-weight
concentrations of PCB's similar to Aroclor 1254 ranged from 2.7 ppm in
rainbow smelt to 15 ppm in lake trout. Most trout and salmon longer than 12
inches contained PCB's at concentrations greater than the tolerance level
of 5 ppm established by the Food and Drug Administration, U.S. Department
of Health, Education, and Welfare.
-62-
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TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
NOTE
ABSTRACT
Baseline Estimates and Time Trends for Beta-Benzene Hexachloride
Hexachlorobenzene, and Polychlorlnated Biphenyls in Human Adipose—Til
(Final Report)
Mack, G. A. ; Mohadjer, L.
Battelle Columbus Div., OH.
Westat, Inc., Rockville, MD. Research Div.; Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Pesticides
Substances.
PB86-161 759/AB (NTIS); EPA/560/5-85/025 (EPA)
EPA-68-01-6721 (EPA Contract Number)
and Toxic
30 Sep 85 130p
Prepared in cooperation with Westat, Inc., Rockville, MD.
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Washington,
Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Research "Div.
DC. Office of
The National Human Adipose Tissue Survey (NHATS) is an on-going annual
program to collect and chemically analyze adipose tissue specimens from a
representative national sample of autopsied cadavers and surgical patients
The objective of the program is to estimate baseline levels and time trends
for the presence of toxic chemicals in the adipose tissue of the U S
population. This report presents the results of a statistical analysis
conducted on three specific chemicals: Beta-benzene hexachloride
(beta-BHC), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)
The results are based on NHATS data collected between 1970 and 1983 The
results include baseline estimates of the percentages of the population
having detectable levels of these compounds in their adipose tissue as well
as estimates of the mean and median levels. Estimates are given separately
for various demographic groups and geographic regions of the country as
well as national estimates. Results of the analysis indicate that nearly
100 percent of the population have detectable levels of these compounds in
their adipose tissue. However, the actual levels of these compounds are
either decreasing or remaining nearly constant.
-63-
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TITLE
AUTHOR
Binding of Polychlorinated Biphenyls Classified as Either
Phenobarbitone-, 3-Methylcholanthrene- or Mixed-Type Inducers to Cytosolic
Ah Receptor~~
(Journal article)
Bandiera, A. ; Safe, S. ; Okey, A. B.
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT NUMBER
NOTES
ABSTRACT
Guelph Univ. (Ontario). Guelph-Waterloo Centre.
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
PB83-240788 (NTIS); EPA-600/J-82-369 (EPA)
EPA-R-809764
c!982 23p
Pub. in Chemico-Biological Interactions 39, p259-277 1982.
Not available from NTIS.
It has been postulated that reversible, high-affinity binding of
3-methyl-cholanthrene (MC)-type inducers to a receptor protein (the Ah
receptor) in hepatic cytosol is essential for induction of aryl hydrocarbon
hydroxylase (AHH) enzymic activity. To test this postulate, the binding
affinities of 16 highly purified, synthetic chlorinated biphenyl (PCB)
congeners, which have been categorized either as phenobarbitone (PB)-, MC-
or mixed (PB -I- MC)-type inducers of cytochrome P-450-dependent
monooxygenases have been examined. The affinity of individual biphenyl
congeners for the receptor was determined by their competition with
2,3,7,8-(3 sup H) tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin ((3 sup H)TCDD) for specific
cytosolic binding sites as measured by sucrose density gradient analysis
following dextran-charcoal treatment.
TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
Bioaccumulation of DDT and PCB in Tissues of Marine Fishes
Butler, P. A. ; Schutzmann, R. L.
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
-64-
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REPORT NUMBER PB80-185234 (NTIS); EPA-600/J-79-081 (EPA)
REPORT DATE 1979 lip
ABSTRACT Fishes of commercial importance were monitored in New England coastal
waters in 1974 to determine whether synthetic organic residues in the fish
were large enough to affect the utilization of such fish as food by man or
to interfere with their ability to reproduce. About 700 fish of 20 species
were pooled in samples of five to ten and the livers were analyzed. Several
species, including the spiny dogfish, contained residues of
dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its metabolites of
polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) compounds in the 1 to 10 micrograms/g (ppm)
range. More detailed studies of the dogfish in 1975 demonstrated the
transfer of these compounds from the parent fish to the ovarian egg and the
mature fetus. The proportions of the DDT metabolites found suggest that
this pesticide had been accumulating in the 18-20 year period of maturation
of the female and was passed on to the first brood of young. In contrast to
the findings of other investigations, there was no fixed relationship in
the relative magnitude of DDT and PCB residues when both compounds were
present in a sample.
TITLE Brief Communication; Pancreatic-Type Tissue in Livers of Rats Fed
Polychlorinated Biphenyls ~ "
AUTHOR Kimbrough, R. D.
Environmental Protection Agency, Chamblee, Ga. Office of Pesticides
Programs.
REPORT NUMBER PB - 279 723/1
REPORT DATE 25 Apr 73 3p
NOTES Pub. in Jnl. of Natl. Cancer Inst. 51, p679-681 1973.
Included in the report. Journal Articles on Toxicology. Group 9, PB-279
718. Order from NTIS as PB-279 718.
-65-
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ABSTRACT
Pancreatic-type tissue in lives of Sherman strain rats is described. This
lesion has not been reported previously. The pancreatic-type tissue was
observed in livers of rats fed polychlorinated biphenyls (Aroclor 1254) for
6 months. The cells of the tissue had the same staining characteristics as
salivary gland epithelium. The lesion was present in 15 of 36 livers
examined.
TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
IEPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
Burning Waste Chlorinated Hydrocarbons in a Cement Kiln
(Final rept.)~"
McDonald, L. D. ; Skinner, D. J. ; Hopton, F. J. ; Thomas, G. H,
Environmental Protection Service, Montreal (Quebec).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Solid Waste.
PB-280 118/1 (NTIS); EPA/530/SW-147C (EPA)
EPA-68-01-2966 (EPA Contract Number)
Jan 78 221p
Office of
ABSTRACT
An experimental program was carried out in 1975/76 at the St. Lawrence
Cement Co., Mississauga, Ontario in which waste chlorinated hydrocarbons,
containing up to about 46 weight percent chlorine, were burned in a rotary
cement kiln. Materials burned included mixtures of ethylene dichloride,
chlorotoluene and up to approximately 50 percent polychlorinated biphenyls
(PCB). These materials were destroyed in the cement kiln with at least
99.98 percent efficiency in all cases. Emissions of high molecular weight
chlorinated hydrocarbons were not detected. Three light chlorinated
hydrocarbons, dichloromethane, chloroform and carbon tetrachloride, were
found in the emissions in the part per billion or lower range. The quantity
of precipitator dust requiring disposal, as well as emissions of
particulate matter, increased during the test. A reduction in fossil fuels
used while burning chlorinated hydrocarbons was noted.
-66-
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TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
NOTE
Calculated Contribution of Surface Microlayer PCS to Contamination of
Lake Michigan Lake Trout"~~
(Journal article)
Connolly, J. P. ; Thomann, R. V.
Manhattan Coll., Bronx, NY. Environmental Engineering and Science
Program.
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
PB83-189068 (NTIS); EPA-600/J-82-299 (EPA)
1982 lip
Pub. in Jnl. of Great Lakes Research, v8 n2 p367-375 1982.
ABSTRACT
The possible significance of PCB concentration in the surface microlayer
of Lake Michigan to contamination of lake trout was examined using a
modification of a previously developed food chain model. Vertically
migrating zooplankton were assumed to spend a fraction of each day exposed
to a surface microlayer with dissolved and phytoplankton PCB concentrations
at values that resulted in an average exposure concentration 2.1 times
greater than subsurface levels. Considering a worst case scenario, the
model indicated that approximately 12% (3 micrograms/g) of the PCB
concentration in adult lake trout could be contributed from the microlayer.
-67-
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TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
NOTES
ABSTRACT
Characterization of Hazardous Waste Sites, a Methods Manual
Available Laboratory Analytical Methods"
(Response rept. 7 Jan 80-Feb 84)
Volume 3
Plumb, Jr, R. H.
Lockheed Engineering and Management Services Co., Inc., Las Vegas, NV.
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
PB84-191048 (NTIS); EPA-600/4-84-038 (EPA)
EPA-68-03-3050 (EPA Contract Number)
May 84 690p
See also PB84-126929.
A manual of available analytical procedures has been prepared as Volume 3
of the report Characterization of Hazardous Waste Sites - A Methods Manual.
This manual provides detailed instructions for the preparation and analysis
of hazardous waste, water, soil/sediment, biological tissue, and air
samples for 261 substances listed in the hazardous waste regulations. Each
of the methods for the 946 analyte-matrix combinations that have been
accumulated in this volume is classified as either 'evaluated* or
'available' based on the availability of precision and accuracy data.
TITLE
AUTHOR
PERRFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
Chemical Market Input/Output Analysis of Selected Chemical Substances to
Assess Sources of Environmental Contamination: Task II. Biphenyl and
Diphenyl Oxide " ~ '
(Final rept.)
Meylan, William M. ; Howard, Philip H.
Syracuse Research Corp., N.Y. Center for Chemical Hazard Assessment.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C,
Toxic Substances.
PB-275 097/4 (NTIS); EPA/560/6-77/003 (EPA)
EPA-68-01-3224
Oct 76 120p
Office of
-68-
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NOTES
ABSTRACT
See also report dated Mar 76, PB-271 018.
This report considers the sources of environmental contamination from
biphenyl and diphenyl oxide. Biphenyl is manufactured in commercial
quantities for use in dye carriers, heat transfer fluids, derivatives such
as PCB's and alkylated biphenyls, and fruit fungicides. Diphenyl oxide is
manufactured in commercial quantities for use in dye carriers heat
transfer fluids, derivatives such as butylchlorodiphenyl' oxide
decabroraodiphenyl oxide, surfactants, and perfumes and soaps. Thus, this
report concentrates on the commercial production and use of biphenyl and
diphenyl oxide. Standards established by the Occupational Safety and Health
Administration have controlled the occupational exposure to biphenyl and
diphenyl oxide; however, large quantities of these chemicals are released
to the external environment, particularly to waste treatment facilities
which may utilize chlorine disinfection. Laboratory studies indicate that
the biphenyl nucleus can undergo chlorination to various chlorobiphenyl
isomers during treatment chlorine disinfection.
TITLE
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
ABSTRACT
Chemistry Laboratory Manual for Bottom Sediments and Elutriate Testing
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago. IL. Central Regional Lab.
PB-294 596/2 (NTIS); EPA/905/4-79/014 (EPA)
Mar 79 158p
This document contains the procedures which are used at the EPA, Region
V, Central Regional Laboratory for the analysis of bulk sediments
elutriates and other solid samples. '
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TITLE
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PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
NOTES
Comprehensive Assessment of the Specific Compounds Present in Combustion
Processes. Volume 4. National Estimates of Emission of Specific Compounds
from Coal Fired Utility Boiler Plants~~~
(Final rept.)
Lucas, R. M. ; Kircher, G. W.
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, MO.
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.;
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Toxic
Substances.
PB86-103058/KAB (NTIS); EPA/560/5-83/007 (EPA)
EPA-68-02-3938
Aug 85 31p
See also PB86-103041. Prepared in cooperation with Research Triangle
Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
ABSTRACT
Specimens were acquired from influents and effluents from seven
coal-fired utility boilers. The specimens were chemically analyzed for
toxic compounds in the polycyclic organic matter group. The specific target
compounds were polychlorinated dibenzo(p)-dioxins (PCDDs), dibenzofurans
(PCDFs), biphenyls (PCBs), selected polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons
(PAHs) and selected phthalates. Twelve PAH compounds and six phthalate
compounds were included among the targetted compounds. Naphthalene was the
most prevalent PAH compound detected. It was found in the flue gas
emissions from all seven facilities. Other PAHs were also detected in the
coal at all seven facilities but were only rarely detected in the other
media. No PCDDs or PCDFs were detected in any of the acquired specimens.
PCBs were only detected in one other media, the influent combustion air.
-70-
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TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
NOTE
ABSTRACT
Comprehensive Assessment of the Specific Compounds Present in Combustion
Processes. Volume 2. Design for a National Survey of Emission of Specific
Compounds from Coal Fired Utility Boiler Plants
(Final rept.)
Lucas, R. M. ; Melroy, D. K.
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, MO.
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.;
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Toxic
Substances.
PB86-103041/XAB (NTIS); EPA/560/5-83/005 (EPA)
EPA-68-02-3938 (EPA Contract Number)
Aug 85 64p
See also PB84-151984 and PB86-103058. Prepared in cooperation with
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
The emission of several toxic compounds in the polycyclic organic 'group
has been reported from stationary combustion processes. It has been
demonstrated that a theoretical potential exists for the formation of these
compounds as the results of combustion of coal-refuse, wood, municipal
refuse, waste oil, and coal. To investigate this topic further, a pilot
study was designed to obtain data on which to base a national survey. The
overall objectives of the pilot study were to ascertain the number of
combustion sites and the number of days of sampling required at each site
to adequately estimate the level and prevalence of these toxic substances
in the emissions from combustion processes and to do so at a minimum cost.
For each facility a complex, multimedia sampling design was developed for
the collection of solid, liquid, and gaseous influents and effluents. In
addition, measurements of process parameters were also taken. This design
allowed for the estimation of the inputs into the process, the efficiency
of the combustion process, and the emissions from the process. Using the
estimates of the variability of the resulting data and cost estimates based
on the experience gained in the pilot, a national survey design was
developed. Sampling is planned for seven coal and nine refuse combustion
facilities for 5 days each. Estimates of the levels of toxic substances are
anticipated to have a precision of + or - 5 to + or - 60%.
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TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
NOTE
ABSTRACT
Comprehensive Assessment of the Specific Compounds Present in Combustion
Processes. Volume 3. National Survey of Organic Emissions from Coal Fired
Utility Boiler Plants ~ ~ "
(Final rept., task 52)
Haile, C. L. ; Stanley, J. S. ; Walker, T. ; Cobb, G. R. ; Boomer, B. A.
Midwest Research Inst. , Kansas City, MO.
PB8A-151984 (NTIS); EPA-560/5-83-006 (EPA)
EPA-68-01-5815 (EPA Contract Number)
Sep 83 236p
See also PB84-140870.
This study was conducted as a part of a nationwide survey to determine
organic emissions from major stationary combustion sources. The principal
compounds of interest are polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and
chlorinated aromatic compounds, including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs),
polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), and polychlorinated
dibenzofurans (PCDFs). This report describes the methods and results of
sampling and analysis activities at the seven plants constituting the
nationwide survey of coal fired utility boiler plants.
TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
Comprehensive Assessment of the Specific Compounds Present in Combustion
Processes. Volume 1. Pilot Study of Combustion Emissions Variability
(Final rept.) " ~
Haile, C. ; Stanley, J. S. ; Lucas, R. M. ; Nulton, C. P. ; Yauger, Jr,
W • L.
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, MO.
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SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
NOTES
ABSTRACT
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.; Southwest
Research Inst., San Antonio, TX.; Gulf South Research Inst., New Orleans,
LA.; Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Toxic
Substances.
PB84-140870 (NTIS) EPA-560/5-83-004 (EPA)
EPA-68-01-5915 (EPA Contract Number)
Jun 83 317p
Prepared in cooperation with Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle,
NC., Southwest Research Inst., San Antonio, TX. and Gulf South Research
Inst., New Orleans.
This pilot study was conducted as a prelude to a nation wide survey of
organic emissions from major stationary combustion sources. The primary
objectives of the pilot study were to obtain data on the variability of
organic emissions from two such sources and to evaluate the sampling and
analysis methods. These data are used to construct the survey design for
the nationwide survey. The compounds of interest are polynuclear aromatic
hydrocarbons (PAHs) and chlorinated aromatic compounds, including
polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins
(PCDDs), and polychlorinated di-benzofurans (PCDFs). Of particular interest
is 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). In addition total cadmium
was also determined in special samples from both plants to meet special
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) needs. A summary of the results of
this study is contained in Section 2 of this report. Section 3 presents
recommendations for future work. Brief descriptions of the two combustion
sources are contained in Section 4. The sampling and analysis methods are
described in Sections 5 and 6. Sections 7 and 8 present the field test data
and analytical results. The analytical quality assurance results are
summarized in Section 9. Section 10 presents the emissions results and
Section 11 is a statistical summary of the emissions results.
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TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
ABSTRACT
Concentration Technologies for Hazardous Aqueous Waste Treatment
(Interim rept.)
Shuckrow, Alan J. ; Pajak, Andrew P. ; Osheka, Jerome W.
Touhill, Shuckrow and Associates, Inc., Pittsburgh, PA.
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
PB81-150583 (NTIS); EPA-600/2-81-019 (EPA)
EPA-68-03-2766 (EPA Contract Number)
Feb 81 358p
A stepwise evaluation of the potential applicability of the candidate
technologies to the identified contamination problems was carried out.
Technology profiles describing the pertinent processes and current
applications were prepared. These profiles formed the basis for the initial
screening of the applicability of individual technologies to concentration
of hazardous constituents of aqueous wastes. Certain technologies were
eliminated from further consideration for reasons discussed in the
individual technology profiles. Remaining technologies were carried forward
for more detailed review. Compounds identified in the waste streams fell
into one of thirteen chemical classes: alcohol, aliphatic, amine, aromatic,
halocarbon, metal, miscellaneous, PCB, pesticide, phenol, phthalate, or
polynuclear aromatic. The next step in the evaluation process was an
extensive literature review which focused on the technologies and upon
chemical compounds classes. It was concluded that six processes: biological
treatment, chemical coagulation, carbon adsorption, resin adsorption,
membrane processes, and stripping have the greatest potential broad range
and immediate applicability. In most cases, no single unit process would be
sufficient in itself to adequately treat the diverse contamination problems
likely to be encountered. Five candidate process trains were formulated as
being most broadly applicable to the types of known contamination. A
desktop analysis then was performed to assess the ability of each process
train to treat each of three selected contamination problems.
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TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
REPORT NUMBER
DATE
NOTE
ABSTRACT
Contaminant Levels in Animal Feeds Used for Toxicity Studies
(Journal article) " "
Coleman, W. Emile ; Tardiff, Robert G.
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
PB81-201329 (NTIS); EPA-600/J-79-124 (EPA)
May 81 12p
Pub. in Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 8
P693-702 1979. '
Samples of commercial feeds for laboratory rats, guinea pigs, cats,
monkeys rabbits, and hamsters were collected and analyzed qualitatively and
quantitatively for selected antibiotics, trace metals, pesticides
(organophosphates and chlorinated hydrocarbons), natural agents, and
polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). The results indicated that antibiotics,
parathion, diazinon, aldrin, and the aflatoxins were not detected, whereas]
metals, chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides (except aldrin), and PCBs were
continually present. Malathion and estrogen were found occasionally.
TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
Contaminant Trends in Lake Trout ('Salvelinus namavcush') of the Upper
Great Lakes " ~ ——
(Rept. for 1977-82)
DeVault, D. S. ; Willford, W. A. ; Hesselberg, R. J.
Fish and Wildlife Service, Ann Arbor, MI. Great Lakes Fishery Lab.
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL.
National Program Office.
PB86-121217/XAB (NTIS); EPA/905/3-85/001 (NTIS)
Apr 85 3Ip
Great Lakes
-75-
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SPONSOR
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
National Program Office.
Chicago, IL. Great Lakes
ABSTRACT
Contaminant body burdens in lake trout from the Upper Great Lakes have
been monitored since 1970 on Lake Michigan and since 1977 and 1978 on Lakes
Superior and Huron. Analysis of the Lake Michigan data shows that mean PCB
concentrations declined from maximum of 22.91 mg/kg in 1974 to 5.63 in
1982. Mean total DDT concentrations declined from 19.19 mg/kg in 1970 to
2.74 mg/kg in 1982. The decline in both contaminants closely followed first
order loss kinetics. If the current declines continue, PCB concentrations
will decline to the USFDA tolerance of 2.0 mg/kg in 1988. As this decline
is not reflected in other species it will require additiona. years of
monitoring to determine if the decline in dieldrin concentrations between
1979 and 1982 truly represents a declining trend.
TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
NOTE
Criteria Document for PCBs
Nisbet, Ian C. T.
Massachusetts Audubon Society, Lincoln.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Water Planning and Standards.
PB-255 397 (NTIS); EPA/440/9-76/021 (EPA)
EPA-68-01-4154 (EPA Contract Number)
Jul 76 624p
See also PB-255 395.
Office of
-76-
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ABSTRACT Contents: Introduction—(Principal sources of information Uses and
releases of PCBs into the environment, PCB mixtures and contaminants: the
problem of evaluation); Chemical and physical properties—(Nomenclature of
chlorobiphenyls and isomers, Manufacture and nomenclature of commercial PCB
mixtures, Constitution of Aroclor mixtures, Constitution of other
commercial mixtures, Occurrence of certain substitution patterns in PCB
mixtures, Physical properties of chlorobiphenyls and PCB mixtures, Physical
properties of chlorinated dibenzofurans, Chemical properties of
chlorobiphenyls and commercial mixtures); Toxic effects—(Effects on
microbial systems, Effects on phytoplankton, Effects on aquatic
invertebrates, Effects on fish, Effects on birds, Toxic effects in
mammals—acute and subacute studies, Toxicity of PCDFs in mammals and the
role of PCDFs in the toxicity of commercial PCBs—(Chronic effects of PCBs
in mammals and effects on reproduction, Enzyme induction and other effects
on the liver, Induction of porphyria, Miscellaneous biochemical effects
Immunosuppressive effects, Carcinogenic and co-carcinogenic effects'
Mutagenic and teratogenic effects, Effects in humans); Environmental fate
and effects—(Persistence, metabolism and fate, Bio-accumulation and
bio-magnification, Presence in the aquatic environment, Effects on biota
and natural ecosystems, Potential effects in the human population).
-77-
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TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
NOTES
Cycling of Pollutants (Final rept.)
Duke, Thomas W.
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, Fla,
PB-268 572/5 (NTIS); EPA/600/J-76/068 (NTIS)
1976 4p
Pub. in Estuarine Processes, vl p481-482 1976.
ABSTRACT
Environmental distribution of pesticides, their pathways of transfer and
bioaccumulation, are known in many instances, yet their ultimate effects on
organisms are relatively unknown. Importance of the impact of oil, heavy
metals, and pesticides on ecosystems and on biological systems ranging from
micro-organisms to fishes is emphasized in this introduction to a symposium
on the 'Cycling of Pollutants.' The combined toxicities of methoxychlor,
cadmium, and polychlorinated biphenyls were discussed at this session.
TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
REPORT DATE
NOTES
REPORT NUMBER
ABSTRACT
DDT and Polychlorinated Biphenyl (Aroclor 1242(Trade Name)) Effects of
Uptake on E. Coli Growth (Journal Article)~~
Keil, J. E. ; Sandifer, S. H.
Medical Univ. of South Carolina, Charleston.
1 Feb 72 7p
Pub. in Water Research, v6 p837-841 1972.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology.
709. Order as PB-279-709 froom NTIS.
PB-279 709 (NTIS)
Group 7, PB-279
DDT at 0.01 and PCB at 0.01 and 0.1 ppm consistently stimulated
Escherichia coli growht in vitro. Differences between treatments and
controls at the conclusion of 24 hours incubation although increased
uridine uptake was noted in all DDT and PCB cultures after 5 h of
incubation.
-78-
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TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
NOTES
ABSTRACT
DDT, PCS and Ben2o(a)Pyrene Levels in White Croaker 'Genyonemus lineatus'
from Southern California (Journal Version! "
(Journal article)'"
Gossett, R. W. ; Puffer, H. W. ; Arthur, Jr., R. H. ; Young, D. R.
Southern California Coastal Water Research Project Authority, Long Beach.
Corvallis Environmantal Research Lab., OR.
PB84-102458 (NTIS); EPA-600/J-83-058 (EPA)
EPA-R-807120 (EPA Contract Number)
c!983 9p
Pub. in Marine Pollution Bulletin 14(2), p60-65, 1983.
Not available from NTIS.
This paper presents the results of PCB, DDT and benzo(a)pyrene (BaP)
determination in white croaker (Genyonemus lineatus) sampled from the
coastal waters of metropolitan Los Angeles. The purpose of this research
was to assess the potential health hazard caused by the consumption of the
edible muscle tissue of this popular sportfish exposed to these pollutants
in the coastal waters.
-79-
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TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
Decontamination Techniques for Mobile Response Equipment Used at Waste
Sites (State-of-the-Art Survey)~
(Final rept. Apr-May 84)
Meade, J. P. ; Ellis, W. D.
JRB Associates, Inc., McLean, VA.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste
Engineering Research Lab.
PB85-247021/XAB (NTIS); EPA/600/2-85/105 (EPA)
EPA-68-03-3113 (EPA Contract Number)
Aug 85 75p
ABSTRACT
A state-of-the-art review of facility and equipment decontamination,
contamination assessment, and contamination avoidance has been conducted.
The review, based on an intensive literature search and a survey of various
equipment manufacturers, provides preliminary background material on the
subject. The information developed here constitutes an important 'head
start' for those who need to establish preventive measures, decontamination
plans, and procedures for response personnel and cleanup equipment used at
hazardous waste sites. The study discusses various decontamination methods,
such as use of solvents to wash off contaminants, use of chemical means to
degrade contaminants, and use of physical means to remove contaminants.
Chemical and physical testing methods designed to assess the nature of the
contaminant and the quantity and extent of contamination were also
investigated. Also discussed in the report are procedures that can be used
to prevent contamination of response equipment and personnel. These
preventive procedures are: enclosures to prevent spread of contaminants,
safety features on response equipment to prevent spills and leaks]
protective coatings on response equipment surfaces, and protective clothing
and furnishings for personnel. Three case studies were also reviewed: the
Three Mile Island cleanup, the 'Vulcanus' incinerator ship cleanup (dioxins
and PCBs), and PCB cleanups in Binghamton, New York. The review has
identified several methods that could be of value in effectively
decontaminating response equipment units such as a mobile incinerator at a
reasonable cost.
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TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
NOTES
ABSTRACT
Destroying Chemical Wastes in Commercial Scale Incinerators
(Final rept. on Phase 2)"~
Ackerman, D. ; Clausen, J. ; Grant, A. ; Johnson, R. ; Shin, C.
TRW Defense and Space Systems Group, Redondo Beach, Calif.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. Office of
Solid Waste Management Programs.
PB-278 816/4 (NTIS); EPA/530/SW-155c (EPA)
EPA-68-01-2966 (EPA Contract Number)
1978 130p
See also report dated Dec 76, PB-267 987.
The report summarizes the results of a Phase II test program
demonstrating the effectiveness of thermal destruction of industrial wastes
in commercial scale facilities. Phase I was a study effort to select and
match suitable wastes and destruction facilities, and to develop a set of
detailed facility test plans. Phase II evaluated the environmental,
technical, and economic feasibility of thermally destroying fourteen
selected industrial wastes in seven different existing commercial scale
processing facilities. Results indicated that each of the wastes tested can
be thermally destroyed at high efficiencies. Separate detailed reports
published for each facility test series conducted and the two-volume Phase
I report are listed in the references.
-81-
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TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
NOTES
ABSTRACT
Destroying Chemical Wastes in Commercial Scale Incinerators.
Facility Report Number 6. Rollins Environmental Service, Inc.
Deer Park, Texas (Facility test report)~
Ackerman, D. ; Clausen, J. ; Johnson, R. ; Tobias, R. ; Zee, C.
TRW Defense and Space Systems Group, Redondo Beach, Calif.
Environmental Protection Agency,
Solid Waste Management Programs.
Washington, D.C. Office of
PB-270 897/2 (NTIS); EPA/SW-122c.5 (EPA)
EPA-68-01-2966 (EPA Contract Number)
1977 173P
See also report dated Dec 76, PB-267 987.
Incineration tests were conducted at Rollins Environmental Services,
Inc., Deer Park, Texas, to determine the effectiveness of thermally
destroying two selected industrial wastes: PCB-containing capacitors and
nitrochlorobenzene waste (NCB). Analysis of combustion gas samples
indicated destruction efficiencies of over 99.999 percent for each waste
constituent. Some PCBs were detected in the ash when whole capacitors were
incinerated in the rotary kiln, but not when haramermilled capacitors were
burned. Standard EPA Method 5 tests were performed on stack emission to
determine particulate loading and composition. Estimated cost to hammermill
and incinerate 5000 metric tons of waste capacitors per year is $3.65
capital investment and an operating cost of $751/metric ton. Cost of
incinerating 4540 metric tons/year of NCB was estimated to be $2.82 million
capital and $283/metric ton operating costs.
TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
Destruction of PCB-Contaminated Soils with a High-Temperature Fluid-Wall
(HTFW) Reactor"—
(Conference paper)
Hornig, A. W. ; Masters, H.
Rockwell International, Newbury Park, CA.
Engineering Research Lab.
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SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
NOTE
Thagard Research Corp., Irving, CA.; Baird Corp., Bedford, MA.;
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
PB84-168798 (NTIS); EPA-600/D-84-072 (EPA)
EPA-68-03-0314 (EPA Contract Number)
1984 24p
Prepared in cooperation with Thagard Research Corp., Irvine CA., and
Baird Corp., Bedford, MA.
ABSTRACT
The objective of this project is to demonstrate the feasibility of a high
temperature fluid-wall (HTFW) Reactor to detoxify biorefractory hazardous
substances, as well as soils contaminated with hazardous materials, such as
PCBs, dioxins, and organophosphates. A typical HTFW Reactor consists of a
vertical, porous carbon cylinder surrounded by six carbon or silicon
carbide electrically conductive rods that heat the core to ca. 2200C. The
high equilibrium temperature within the core results in degradation of the
hazardous substances to simple atomic or molecular forms; the rapid rate of
cooling precludes formation of potentially harmful intermediates or
byproducts. The hot zone of the small research reactor used in this study
has a 3-in. diameter core and is 3ft long. In a typical test, fine carbon
or soil, spiked with a PCB (1% Aroclor 1242), was dropped through the
reactor at 100 g/min for 20 min. Representative solid and vapor samples
were collected for analysis. Analyses were performed by gas chromatography
(GC) with electron capture detection. The results show an overall reduction
in concentration of PCB by factor of 2,300,000, corresponding to a
destruction and removal efficiency (ORE) of 99.9997%.
TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFROMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
Destruction of PCBs (Polychlorinated Biphenyls). Environmental
Applications of Alkali Metal Polyethylene Glycolate Completes
(Project rept. Aug 82-Nov~84)
laconianni, F. J.
Franklin Research Center, Philadelphia, PA.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste
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REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
NOTE
PB86-105293/XAB (NTIS); EPA/600/2-85/108 (EPA)
Sep 85 65p
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Hazardous
ABSTRACT
The project is a follow-on to a study which focused primarily on the
feasibility of chemical detoxification of soil using FRCs NaPEG Reagents.
The fundamental chemistry of the decomposition of PCBs was also
investigated in the previous study. The research described herein involved
primarily a laboratory study of treatment methods for PCB contaminated soil
using the most effective NaPEG Reagents in terms of reactivity and
stability. Laboratory tests during the second phase centered on the
treatment of PCB contaminated soil obtained from Buffalo, NY and
Philadelphia, PA. The effects of variable reaction parameters were examined
in detail.
TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT DATE
REPORT NUMBER
ABSTRACT
Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Sewage Sludge During
Destruction of
Incineration
(Final rept.)
Whitmore, Frank C.
Versar, Inc., Springfield, Va.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
1976 80p
PB-258 162/7 (NTIS); EPA-68-01-1587 (EPA Contract Number)
An experiment has been carried out to determine the efficiency with which
PCB's are destroyed in a municipal sewage sludge incinerator. A standard
mixture of PCB's (Aroclor 1254) was injected into the sludge cake at the
rate of 50 ppm (dry solids basis) under conditions whereby the various
emergent streams from the furnace could be monitored. The experimental
results indicate no PCB's present in either the scrubber exhaust water or
in the ash; the amount of PCB in the emergent stack gases were found to
correspond to destruction ratios in excess of 0.94 under normal furnace
operating conditions.
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TITLE
AUTHOR
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
NOTE
ABSTRACT
Determination of PCS and PCT in the Atmosphere Using Filter Paper
(Roshi-ho o Mochiita Taikichu PCB, PCT no Sokutei ni TsuiteT
Okita, Toshiichi ; Takizawa, Yukio ; Minagawa, Koei ; Sugai Ryuichi •
Klfune, Ikuei '
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, N.C. Translation
Services Section.
PB-258 786-T (NTIS); EPA-TR-76-545 (EPA)
1974 5p
Trans, of Taiki Osen Kenkyu (Japan) v9 n2 p214 1974.
In order to perform simultaneous measurements of PCT and PCB produced by
burning using a simple and rapid method, the authors studied the method of
collecting them by glass fiber filter paper coated with glycerine. They
also carried out measurements of those chemicals in the environment."
TITLE
AUTHOR
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
NOTE
Determination of PCB in Dust, Ash and Combustion Gas from City Waste
Incinerators (Toshigomi Shokyakuro kara Haishutsu Sareru Dasuto. Haibun
Oyobi Haigasu chu no PCB BunseklJ'~
Susuki, Ryota ; Ito, Masayuki ; Noma, Masanori ; Moritani, Akira •
Watanabe, Yuji
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, N.C. Translation
Services Section.
PB-258 668-T (NTIS); EPA-TR-76-540 (EPA)
1974 12p
Trans, of Aichi-ken Kogai Chosa Senta Shoho (Japan) v2 p43-49 1974.
-85-
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ABSTRACT
Polychlorobiphenyl (PCB) contents in burned refuse, water washed ash,
dust collected with multicron or electrostatic precipitator and combustion
gas were estimated. For the sampling of PCB in the combustion gas, the
adsorption into n-hexane by impinger as the wet method, the adsorption by
florigil cc :me coated with 5% glycerin as the dry method and the method of
two shape-cyiindrical glass filter were investigated. The most effective
method was the last one. PCB contents in combustion gas were variated from
none detect to 12 microg/N cu m, in burned refuse, water washed ash and
dust were 0.01-0.70 microg/g.
TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
IEPORT DATE
ABSTRACT
Determination of Pesticides and PCB's in Industrial and Municipal
Wastewaters ~" ~"
(Final rept.)
Millar, John D. ; Thomas, Richard E. ; Johnson, Donald E.
Southwest Research Inst., San Antonio, TX.
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
PB82-214222 (NTIS); EPA-600/4-82-023 (EPA)
EPA-68-03-2606 (EPA Contract Number)
Apr 82 220p
Steps in the procedure for the analysis of 25 chlorinated pesticides and
polychlorinated biphenyls were studied. Two gas chromatographic columns and
two detectors (electron capture and Hall electrolytic conductivity) were
evaluated. Extractions were performed with two solvents (dichloromethane
and 15 percent dichloromethane in hexane) at 3 pH's to determine extraction
efficiencies. The effects of storage for 7 days, in the presence of
residual chlorine, at two temperatures were determined. Florisil and
alumina were compared as adsorbents for the cleanup of extracts. Recoveries
of the substances from clean water and wastewater were measured, and
assessments of accuracy and precision were made. The method is satisfactory
for the analysis of clean waters and wastewaters having a relatively low
background of interferences. However, it does not work well against medium
to high levels of background interferences produced by substances that are
electron capture sensitive, especially halogenated ones. Use of the Hall
detector is indicated when nonhalogenated electron capture sensitive
interferences are a problem, even though some loss in sensitivity will
occur. When halogenated interferences are overwhelming, altered gas
chromatography conditions and columns, such as temperature programming and
columns which produce better resolution than the ones studied in this work,
will be required.
-86-
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TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
NOTE
Determination of 51 Priority Organic Compounds After Extraction from
Standard Reference Materials "
(Journal article)
Lopez-Avlla, Viorica ; Northcutt, Raymond ; Onstot, Jon ; Wickham, Margie-
Billets, Stephen 6 '
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, MO.
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincinnati, OH.
PB83-229633 (NTIS); EPA-600/J-83-018 (EPA)
EPA-68-03-2711 (EPA Contract Number)
c!983 lip
Pub. in Analytical Chemistry, v55 n6 p881-889 1983.
ABSTRACT
An extraction technique, involving horaogenization of a sediment sample
with dichloromethane at dual pH and phase separation by centrifugation, was
used in the determination of 51 organic priority pollutants as identified
in a standard reference sediment sample. These compounds were spiked into
the sediment and equilibrated for a defined period of time. Separation and
identification of individual compounds in the silica gel fractions were
accomplished by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Method
precision and accuracy are discussed. Tentative identifications of other
organic compounds found in the sediment are given.
-87-
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TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
NOTE
Development of a Study Plan for Definition of PCBS Usage, Wastes
Potential Substitution in the Investment Casting Industry. Task III
(Final rept.)~~"•
and
Harden, James D. ; Durfee, Robert L.
Versar, Inc., Springfield, Va.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. Office of
Toxic Substances.
PB-251 842/1 (NTIS); EPA/560/6-76/007 (EPA)
EPA-68-01-3259
Jan 76 Alp
See also report on Task 2, dated Jan 76, PB-251 433.
ABSTRACT
A study plan, designed to define the usage of polychlorinated biphenyls
(PCBs) and terphenyls (PCTs) in the investment casting industry, was
developed under the subject task. Current knowledge was reviewed and used
as input to the study plan development. Methods of information gathering
and data sources, as required to define industry scope and technology,
wastes, and substitution technology, were also determined.
-88-
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TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
Development of Microwave Plasma Detoxification Process for Hazardous
Wastes. Phase I'~'
(Final rept.)
Bailin, Lionel J. ; Hertzler, Barry L.
Lockheed Missiles and Space Co., Inc., Palo Alto, Calif. Palo Alto
Research Lab.
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati, Ohio.
PB-268 526/1 (NTIS); EPA/600/2-77/030 (EPA)
EPA-68-03-2190 (EPA Contract Number)
Apr 77 82p
ABSTRACT
The microwave process described in this report is a relatively new
application of what has been termed the 'fourth state of matter' or the
'plasma state'. It is the first practical application of a microwave
discharge to the decomposition of chemical compounds in significant
quantities. This report describes a recent, successful, R&D effort in which
a former 'grams-per-hour' system was scaled up to a 5 to 7 pounds-per-hour
system, and then its performance was verified with several typical
hazardous materials. The materials tested and detoxified were Malathion
methyl-bromide, polychlorinated biphenyls, phenylmercuric acetate, and
Kepone. Complete detoxification resulted. Further benefits of the process
are the competitive, reasonable costs of about $0.20 per pound of material
processed, including all costs. The process warrants further development
namely additional scale-up to pilot and field units. Presently, units up to
100 pounds per hour or so appear feasible to construct and be operable
within two or three years.
-89-
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TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
ABSTRACT
Development of Sampling Procedures for Polycyclic Organic Matter and
Polychlorinated Biphenyls~~
(Final rept.)
Hermann, T. S.
Langs ton Labs., Inc., Leawood, Kans.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. Office of
Research and Development.
PB-243 362/1 (NTIS); EPA/650/2-75/007 (EPA)
EPA-02-1255 (EPA Contract Number)
Aug 74 11 Op
After a review of the most promising sampling trains for collecting PCB,
BAP and other POM from stationary sources, a decision was made to evaluate
the EPA Method 5 train, a train with a cartridge filter and a train
developed by Hangebrauck, Von Lehmden and Meeker. Arochlor 1242, pyrene,
anthracene, benzo (alpha) pyrene, benzo (alpha) anthracene and coronene
were selected to determine collection efficiencies. Based on the results
from laboratory evaluations, a modified train was developed and subjected
to further studies. The results of critical laboratory and field
experiments indicate the sampling train developed on this program could be
used to efficiently and conveniently collect BAP, POM, and PCB's
simultaneously. In the field studies POM materials were detected,
identified and quantified in emissions from several stationary sources,
including incinerators, a coal burning steam generating plant and a
charcoal burning restaurant.
TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
IEPORT DATE
Dietary Accumulation of PCBs from a Contaminated Sediment Source by a
Demersal Fish ('Leiostomus xanthurus')
(Journal article)
Rubinstein, N. I. ; Gilliam, W. T. ; Gregory, N. R.
Georgia State Univ., Atlanta.
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
PB85-193019 (NTIS); EPA/600/J-84/267 (EPA)
c!984 Up
-90-
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NOTES
See also AD-A149 415.
Pub. in Aquatic Toxicology 5, p331-342 Nov 84.
Not available NTIS
ABSTRACT
Accumulation and dietary transfer of PCBs from contaminated harbor
sediments were studied in a laboratory food chain. Results demonstrate that
contaminated sediments serve as a source of PCBs for uptake and trophic
transfer in marine systems. Fish exposed to PCB-contaminated sediments and
fed a daily diet of polychaetes from contaminated sediment accumulated more
than twice the PCB whole-body residues than fish exposed to the same
sediment but fed uncontaminated polychaetes. Following 20 days of feeding,
the dietary contribution of PCBs accounted for 53% of the total body burden
measured in fish, and this percentage appeared to be increasing.
TITLE
AUTHOR
SPONSOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
NOTES
ABSTRACT
Drinking Water Criteria Document for Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs)
(Final Draft) ~" '
(Scientific review)
Goetchius, P. ; Gray, D. A. ; Remington, M. B. ; Tullis, D. L. ; Neal, M.
W.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office.
Syracuse Research Corp., NY.
ECAO-CIN-414
PB86-118312/XAB (NTIS); EPA/600/X-84/198-1 (EPA);
ECAO-CIN-414 (Performing Organization Number)
Apr 85 338p
Prepared in cooperation with Syracuse Research Corp., NY.
The Office of Drinking Water (ODW), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
has prepared a Drinking Water Criteria Document on PCBs. The Criteria
Document is an extensive review of the following topics: Physical and
chemical properties of PCBs, Toxicokinetics and human exposure to PCBs,
Health Effects of PCBs in humans and animals, Mechanisms of toxicity of
PCBs, and Quantification of toxicological effects of PCBs.
-91-
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TITLE
AUTHOR
SPONSOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
Dynamic Mass Balance of PCB (Polychlorinated Biphenyls)
Smith, V. Elliott ; Richardson, William L. ; Wethington, Robert
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Grosse He, MI. Large Lakes Research
Station.
Cranbrook Inst. of Science, Bloomfield Hills, MI.
PB83-250308 (NTIS); EPA-600/D-83-092 (EPAO
Aug 83 42p
ABSTRACT
In Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron, about 3.7 metric tons of PCB remain in the
active sediment and inputs from the Saginaw River and atmospheric
deposition contribute about 1.4 kg PCB per day. In 1977 the U.S. E.P.A.
initiated a research effort on Saginaw Bay which was chosen because of the
existing PCB contamination, its importance as a commercial and sports
fishery, and because, within a relatively small area, many of the
limnological processes occurring in the Great Lakes are represented.
Therefore, findings from this work might be extrapolated to other parts of
the Great Lakes or other similar water systems. This paper presents an
analysis of conditions in the bay during 1979 and a projection of future
conditions using a dynamic mass balance model. The primary research
questions addressed are: (1) whether simulation models of 'total PCB' are
sufficiently accurate or whether refined models considering at least
mixtures are necessary, (2) whether volatilization of PCB is occurring, and
(3) what is the expected longevity of PCB in the system.
-92-
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TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
Economic Analysis and Risk Management: An Application to Hazardous Wastes
(Final rept. Aug 78-Nov 81) ' " ~
Anderson, R. ; Dower, R. ; Yang, E.
Environmental Law Inst., Washington, DC.
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
PB84-125012 (NTIS); EPA-600/2-84-001 (EPA)
EPA-R-805920 (EPA Contract Number)
Jan 84 244p
ABSTRACT
The report evaluates the usefulness of economic analysis in designing
effective and efficient hazardous waste regulations. In particular, it
examines the applicability of cost/benefit analysis to the specific
problems posed by hazardous waste raangement. The background for the
analysis is provided by case studies of regulatory actions on coke oven
emissions, saccharin, aflatoxins, and radiation. The report also presents
several detailed case studies of past hazardous waste spills. These case
studies provided information on how hazardous waste regulations can be
analyzed within a cost/benefit framework. The report then selects two
specific problems in hazardous waste management to demonstrate
qualitatively the application of cost/benefit analysis: uncontrolled dump
sites and siting of hazardous waste facilities. It is clear that inadequate
data generally will prevent a formal cost/benefit analysis from being
undertaken for regulatory programs. However, significant insights can be
gained by applying economic analysis to hazardous waste regulations to the
extent that available data allow. Such an exercise allows decisionmakers to
take a comprehensive and objective view of alternative regulatory policies,
revealing cost and benefit relationships and regulatory response
priorities.
-93-
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TITLE
AUTHOR
CORPORATE
SOURCE
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
Economic Analysis for the Final Rule to Exclude Closed and Controlled
Processes from the PCB (Polychlorinated Biphenyls) Ban Rule"
(Final rept.)
Moll, Amy
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Pesticides and
Toxic Substances.
PB83-159731 (NTIS); EPA-540/4-82-006 (EPA)
Sep 82 66p
ABSTRACT
In May, 1979 EPA promulgated the original PCB ban rule, which permitted
the manufacture, processing, distribution, and use of PCBs in
concentrations less than 50 ppm. The Court remanded the rule to EPA because
EPA did not present sufficient evidence to justify the 50 ppm cut-off
decision. The Court ordered that a rule dealing with the incidental
generation of PCBs in closed and controlled manufacturing processes be
promulgated by October 13, 1982. EPA is promulgating a final rule which
excludes closed and controlled processes from the PCB ban. This report
estimates the costs and benefits of the final rule as well as the other
regulatory alternatives considered by EPA.
-9A-
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TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
ABSTRACT
Effectiveness of Activated Carbon for Removal of Toxic and/or
Carcinogenic Compounds from Water Supplies ' "
(Final rept. Apr 76-Mar 80T"
Weber, Jr., Walter J. ; Pirbazari, Massoud
Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor. Dept. of Environmental and Water Resources
Engineering.
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
PB81-187197 (NTIS); EPA-600/2-81-057 (EPA)
EPA-R-804369 (EPA Contract Number)
Apr 81 392p
This research addressed quantification of the performance of fixed-bed
granular activated carbon processes for treatment of public water supplies.
It included evaluation of the adsorption of selected toxic and/or
carcinogenic trace compounds of man-related origin, including carbon
tetrachloride, benzene, two commercial mixtures of PCB's dieldrin, and
p-dichlorobenzene. The adsorption behavior of the predominant class of
natural organic matter and trihalomethane (THM) precursor, humic
substances, was also characterized. The Michigan Adsorption Design and
Applications Model (MADAM) was tested and found generally able to simulate
and predict the performance of fixed-bed adsorbers for removal of the
compounds investigated, with the exception of humic acids.
TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
Effects and Interactions of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCS)
Estuarine Microorganisms and Shellfish
(Final rept.)
with
Colwell, Rita R. ; Sayler, Gary S.
Maryland Univ., College Park. Dept. of Biology,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, Fla.
PB-272 103/3 (NTIS); EPA/600/3-77/070 (EPA)
EPA-R-803300-01-0 (EPA Contract Number)
-95-
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REPORT DATE
ABSTRACT
Jun 77 57p
The role of estuarine bacteria in the mobilization, transport, and
removal of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) was investigated in estuarine
environments. A main objective of this investigation was to determine a
secondary impact of PCB contamination of estuarine systems. The specific
secondary effect was the PCB-stress-induced accumulation and depuration of
enteric bacteria by shellfish, i.e., the Chesapeake Bay oyster, Crassostrea
virginica. For this report, bacteria uninhibited by PCB, but capable of
growth in the presence of PCB, are defined as PCB-resistant. In this
regard, PCB-resistant bacteria were found to be distributed ubiquitously
throughout estuarine and marine environments sampled in this study. The
residence time of PCB in estuarine and marine environments is concluded to
be sufficiently long to induce stress upon estuarine animals.
TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
Effects of Activated Carbon on the Reactions of Free Chlorine with
Phenols" "
(Journal article)
Voudrias, E. A. ; Larson, R. A. ; Snoeyink, V. L.
Illinois Univ. at Urbana-Champaign.
Environmental Protection Agency,
Engineering Research Lab.
Cincinnati,
OH.
Water
PB85-225530 (NTIS); EPA/600/J-85/071 (EPA)
EPA-R-805293 (EPA Contract Number)
c!985 10p
-96-
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NOTE
ABSTRACT
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology v!9, n5 p441-449 May 85.
Not available from NTIS
The use of prechlorination in drinking water treatment results in contact
of free chlorine with activated carbon which has been added to remove
organic compounds from water. The chlorine then reacts with the carbon and
adsorbed compounds. Free chlorine reacts readily with a group of phenolic
compounds (phenol, guaiacol, catechol, 2,6-dimethoxyphenol, and
p-chlorophenol) in dilute aqueous solutions (.00001 M) to produce mono-,
di-, or trichloro derivatives, but when it reacts with phenols adsorbed on
granular activated carbon (GAG), many additional products are formed. GAG
exposed to chlorine becomes capable of promoting reactions such as
hydroxylation of the aromatic ring, oxidation to quinones, chlorine
substitution, carboxylation, and oxidative coupling (dimer formation). The
formation of chloro-hydroxybiphenyls (hydroxylated PCBs) (in vivo
metabolites of PCBs) is particularly important because of their potential
toxicity. Such compounds are the main reaction products from chlorophenols,
but they are also formed in smaller amounts from nonchlorinated phenols
(phenol and guaiacol). (Copyright (c) 1985, American Chemical Society.)
TITLE
AUTHOR
CORPORATE
SOURCE
REPORT NUMBER
Effects of Aroclor (Trade Name) 1248 and 1260 on the Fathead Minnow
('Pimephales promelas')
(Journal article)
Defoe, D. L. ; Veith, G. D. ; Carlson, R. W.
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
PB-299 455/6 (NTIS); EPA/600/J-78/135 (EPA)
-97-
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REPORT DATE
NOTE
ABSTRACT
11 Apr 78 9p
Pub. in Jnl. of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada,
1978. Summary in French.
v35 n7 p997-1002
Fathead minnows were exposed to Aroclor(Trademark) 1248 and 1260 in
flow-through bioassays to determine the acute (30-d) and chronic (240-d
life cycle) effects on the larvae and adults, as well as the
bioconcentration of the mixtures of PCBs in the fish. Newly hatched larvae
«8 h old) were the most sensitive; the calculated 30-d LC50 was 4.7
micrograms/L for Aroclor 1248 and 3.3 micrograms/L for Aroclor 1260.
Reproduction in fathead minnows occurred at concentrations as high as 3
micrograms/L for Aroclor 1248 and 2.1 raicrograms/L for Aroclor 1260,
concentrations that significantly affected larval survival. The 20%
reduction in the standing crop in the second-generation fish
concentrations as low as 0.4 micrograms/L was due to the death of
larvae soon after hatching. The bioconcentration factor for PCBs
independent of the PCB concentration in the water; in adult females at
it was 1.2 x 1000000 for Aroclor 1248 and 2.7 x 1000000 for Aroclor 1260.
Females accumulated about twice as much PCBs as the males because of the
greater amount of lipid in the female. Exposed fish placed in untreated
Lake Superior water eliminated <18% of the body burden after 60 d.
at
the
was
25C
TITLE
AUTHOR
CORPORATE
SOURCE
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
ABSTRACT
Effects of Aroclor (Trademark) 1254 on Brook Trout, 'Salvelinus
fontinalis'
(Final repT. 1972-74)
Snarski, Virginia M. ; Puglisi, Frank A.
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Minn.
PB-266 356/5 (NTIS); EPA/600/3-76/112 (EPA)
Dec 76 44p
No adverse effects were observed on survival, growth, and reproduction of
brook trout exposed for 71 weeks to 0.94 micrograms/1 and lower
concentrations of the polychlorinated biphenyl Aroclor 1254 (P = 0.05).
Survival and growth to 90 days of alevin-juveniles from exposed parents
were also unaffected (P = 0.05). Polychlorinated biphenyl concentrations in
the brook trout were directly proportional to the water exposure
-98-
-------
concentrations (P = 0.05). The PCB tissue concentrations appeared to have
reached a steady state by the first sampling after 14 weeks of exposure.
The PCB residues (wet-tissue basis) in chronically exposed fish were
approximately 2 micrograms/g in the fillet and 9 micrograms/g in the 'whole
body' (entire fish minus one fillet and the gonads) at the highest water
concentration, 0.94 micrograms/1. The higher residue in the whole body
compared to the corresponding fillet was due to the higher fat content of
the former.
TITLE
AUTHOR
CORPORATE
SOURCE
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
Effects of Ocean Dumping Activity, Mid-Atlantic Bight - 1976
(Interim rept.7~
Lear, Donald W. ; O'Malley, Marria L. ; Smith, Susan K.
Environmental Protection Agency, Philadelphia, Pa. Region III,
PB-273 878/9 (NTIS); EPA/903/9-77/029 (EPA)
Jul 77 186p
ABSTRACT
Significantly high concentrations of metals present in the City of
Philadelphia sewage sludge can be found on occasion at points in the
sediments in and near the sludge release site. Several bands with high
concentrations of metals, in association with high organic carbon, have
been partially identified and have persisted for at least 14 months in and
adjacent to the southern part of the site. Ambient concentrations of the
metals in question have been derived by statistical comparisons over a 3
year period. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB's) were widely distributed in
concentrations that may be inimical to marine organisms with indicated
cyclical inputs, possibly from the coastal zone. Mortalities of the
mahogany clam, Arctica islandica, were indicated at loci in and near the
ocean dumping activity. Detailed bathymetry of the impacted area south of
the site indicates geomorphic features may affect the aggregation of dumped
materials. Statistically significant changes of the benthic infaunal
communities are occurring in the impacted area south of the sewage sludge
release site. Mollusks in the vicinity of the site appear to harbor
bacteria of sanitary significance.
-99-
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TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
ABSTRACT
Effects of Post-Implantation Exposure to Selected Pesticides on
Reproductivity in Rats "~ ~~~
(Final rept.)
Spencer, Fitzgerald
Southern Univ., Baton Rouge, LA.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
PB81-213209 (NTIS); EPA-600/1-81-048 (EPA)
EPA-R-804947 (EPA Contract Number)
Jun 81 33p
The post-implantational effects of dinoseb, PCBs (Aroclor 1254), rotenone
and zineb on reproductive systems were examined using decidualized
pseudopregnant rat as a model. Uterine protein, uterine glycogen, uterine
water, and ovarian protein were studied in day 10 decidualized
pseudopregnant rats fed the toxicants from days 6 through 9 of
pseudopregnancy. Dinoseb reduced uterine protein and uterine glycogen in
rats fed 25 ppm and higher concentrations. Uterine water and uterine weight
were reduced at the highest dosage of 750 ppm. Ovarian protein was
diminished at 150 ppm and higher concentrations. PCBs lowered uterine
glycogen, but uterine protein content was not reduced in a dose-related
manner. Ovarian protein content was diminished at 50 ppm and higher
concentrations. Uterine weight and uterine water were not changed in rats
fed up to 1000 ppm of the PCBs. Rotenone reduced uterine protein in rats
fed 200 ppm and higher concentrations. In day-16 pregnant rats fed rotenone
(100, 200, 400, and 600 ppms) from days 6-;6 of pregnancy, placental
protein, placental glycogen, ovarian protein, and maternal body weight were
reduced. Additionally, these dosing regimens reduced fetal survival rate.
Fetal weight of fetus delivered from rotenone-fed dams was not affected.
The decidualized pseudopregnant uterine, and placental functions, and fetal
survival rate of rats were not affected by zineb up to 2500 ppm.
-100-
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TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
NOTE
ABSTRACT
Effects on Cattle from Exposure to Sewage Sludge
(Final rept.) ~~
Baxter, John C. ; Johnson, Donald ; Kienholz, Eldon ; Burge Wvlie D
Cramer, William N. '
Metropolitan Denver Sewage Disposal District No. 1, CO.
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
PB83-170589 (NTIS); EPA-600/2-83-012 (EPA)
EPA-68-03-2210 (EPA Contract Number)
Feb 83 172p
Prepared in cooperation with Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins. Dept. of
Animal Science, and Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD.
Soils, forages, and cattle grazing on a sludge disposal site were
examined for trace metals and persistent organics. Soils at the disposal
site had increased concentrations of Zn, Cu, Ni, Cd, and Pb. Forages from
sludge applied soils had higher levels of Zn, Cd, Cu, and Ni and lower Pb
concentrations than forages from soils that had not received sludge. Cattle
grazing on the sludge disposal site were healthy with no signs of
pathology. Tissues from these cattle did not show elevated levels of metals
or persistent organics when compared with cattle not exposed to sewage
sludge. Sewage sludge was added to the diets of cattle to simulate worst
case conditions of cattle grazing sludge fertilized pastures. The sludge
had no positive or negative effects on cattle health or performance but did
act as a diet diluent.
-101-
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TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
NOTE
Emission Assessment of Refuse-Derived Fuel Combustion: Suspension Firing
(Kept, for Jun 79-Nov 81) " ~ "—"
Arand, J. K. ; Muzio, L. J. ; Harbour, R. L.
KVB, Inc., Irvine, CA.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste
Engineering Research Lab.
PB86-114725/XAB (NTIS); EPA/600/2-85/117 (EPA)
EPA-68-03-2773 (EPA Contract Number)
Sep 85 166p
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Hazardous
Waste Engineering Research Lab.
ABSTRACT
The suspension burning investigation was conducted in a horizontal
laboratory boiler firing at a nominal heat input of 440 kw. The boiler had
been modified to simulate large utility boilers and was further modified to
investigate co-firing and tri-firing of coal, RDF, and hazardous liquids.
Criteria emissions were obtained for a large number of co-fired conditions;
many showed reduced nitric oxide emissions with co-firing relative to coal
combustion. Organic and inorganic samples of the flue gas showed only two
conditions where polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH's) were present.
Those conditions were with tri-fired powder RDF, coal, and waste oil.
Screening criteria showed levels of dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls
(PCB's) were below threshold values requiring complete analysis.
-102-
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TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
NOTE
ABSTRACT
Enrichment of PCBs in Lake Michigan Surface Films
(Journal article)~
Rice, C. P. ; Eadie, B. J. ; Erstfeld, K. M.
Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor. Great Lakes Research Div.
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
PB85-103117 (NTIS); EPA/600/J-82/438 (EPA)
EPA-R-808849 (EPA Contract Number)
c!982 9p
Pub. in Jnl. of Great Lakes Research 8, n2 p265-270 1982.
Not available from NTIS.
The processes of exchange of PCBs and related organics at the surface of
large bodies of water such as the Great Lakes are unavoidably linked" to the
unique properties of surface films. The authors have observed a 3 to 8 fold
enrichment of PCB over underlying water in surface film samples taken from
Lake Michigan with a Garrett screen sampler. The particle association of
the PCBs was highest in the microlayer, averaging 50% compared to 20% on
particles in the subsurface water and less than 5% in the air. The PCBs in
the samples were identified as Aroclor 1254 and Aroclor 1242. The
percentage composition of the two Aroclors varied between the air and the
water as follows: the air was 30.2% Aroclor 1254 and the water (microlayer
plus subsurface) was 57.6% Aroclor 1254.
TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
Environmental Applications of Advanced Instrumental Analyses; Assistance
Projects FY 75 ~ " ' —
Alford, Ann L.
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, Ga. Analytical Chemistry Branch.
-103-
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REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
NOTE
PB-266 425/8 (NTIS) EPA/600/4-77/004
EPA-16020-GHZ (EPA Contract Number)
Jan 77 48p
(EPA)
See also report dated Jun 75, PB-247 056.
ABSTRACT
The Analytical Chemistry Branch of the Athens Environmental Research
Laboratory identified and measured aquatic pollutants under eight projects
in response to requests for assistance from other EPA organizations and
other government agencies. In most cases these analyses helped us to solve,
or at least to understand more clearly, the related pollution incident, and
in some cases the analyses provided evidence for enforcement of regulatory
legislation. Under an additional project, analytical consultations were
held as requested by various organizations concerned with pollution
incidents. This report was submitted in fulfillment of Project 16020 GHZ by
the Environmental Research Laboratory, Athens, Georgia. Projects discussed
were completed during FY 1975.
TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
Environmental Assessment of a Waste-to-Energy Process:
Municipal Incinerator ~~~ "
Braintree
Golembiewski, M. ; Ananth, K. ; Trischan, G. ; Baladi, E.
Midwest Research Inst. , Kansas City, MO.
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
PB80-219421 (NTIS); EPA-600/7-80-149 (EPA)
EPA-68-02-2166 (EPA Contract Number)
Aug 80 230p
ABSTRACT
Midwest Research Institute conducted an array of field tests at the
Braintree Municipal Incinerator facility in Braintree, Massachusetts, for
the purpose of providing data on multimedia emissions to help determine
adverse environmental impact and pollution contol technology needs. There
are two incinerators at the Braintree facility; both are of the waterwall
type and are designed to burn unprocessed mixed municipal refuse at a rate
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of 120 tons/day each. Air pollution control is provided by electrostatic
precipitators. Primary emphasis was placed on evaluating air emissions
Analyses were carried out for criteria pollutants (particulates NOx S02
CO, and hydrocarbons) as well as for potentially hazardous compounds such
as polychlorinated biphenyls and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The
Environmental Protection Agency-designed Source Assessment Sampling System
train was also used as per the Environmental Protection Agency's Level 1
environmental assessment protocol. The data obtained were used to evaluate
emissions in each effluent stream on the basis of existing standards or
criteria and also through the use of the Environmental Protection Agency's
recently devised Source Analysis Model (SAM-1A).
TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
ABSTRACT
Environmental Assessment of PCBs in the Atmosphere
(Final rept.)"
Fuller, B. ; Gordon, J. ; Kornreich, M.
MITRE Corp., McLean, Va.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, N.C.
PB-274 115/5 (NTIS); EPA/450/3-77/045 (EPA)
EPA-68-02-1495 (EPA Contract Number)
Apr 76 279p
This report examines atmospheric aspects of environmental problems
associated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB). Subjects covered include:
(1) physical and chemical properties of PCB, (2) monitoring methods for PCB
in air, (3) sources of PCB emissions, (4) environmental distribution,
transport, and transformation of PCB, (5) methods of control of PCB
emissions, and (6) biological effects of PCB.
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TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
ABSTRACT
Environmental Assessment of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) Near New
Bedford, MA. Municipal Landfill ' —
(Research rept. no. 4 (Final))
Stratton, Charles L. ; Tuttle, Karen L. ; Allan, J. Mark
Environmental Science and Engineering, Inc., Gainesville, FL.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Toxic
Substances.
PB-291 245/9 (NTIS); EPA/560/6-78/006
EPA-68-01-3248 (EPA Contract Number)
26 May 78 48p
(EPA)
A survey was conducted to assess the extent of transport of
polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from the New Bedford, MA. municipal
landfill. This landfill has been used for the disposal of PCB waste
materials for many years. It is located in a wetland area. There is
evidence of transport of PCBs in the shallow ground water to the northwest
of the landfill, but the extent of transport is relatively minor, being
confined to near surface waters very near the landfill. Drinking waters are
unaffected. Aquatic and terrestrial organisms in the vicinity are
accumulating some PCB; however, levels of contamination are not excessively
high. There is evidence to indicate airborne transport may be a principal
mode of movement of PCB from the landfill during the warm months. At one
time, in excess of 1.0 migrogram/cu m of PCB was detected in the ambient
air over this landfill.
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TITLE
CORPORATE
SOURCE
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
NOTE
Environmental Chemicals: Human and Animal Health (Proceedings) Held at
Fort Collins, Colorado on August7-111972"
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. Office of Pesticide
Programs.
Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins. Inst. of Rural Environmental
Health.
PB-270 648/9 (NTIS); EPA/540/9-72/015 (EPA)
Aug 72 236p
Sponsored in part by Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins. Inst. of Rural
Environmental Health.
ABSTRACT
Partial contents: Environmental geochemistry in Missouri; Trace elements
in water; Mercury as an environmental pollutant; Molybdenum as an
environmental pollutant; Lead in soils and plants; Heavy metal poisonings
in animals; Environmental chemicals and carcinogenesis; Polychlorinated
biphenyls (PCB's) in humans; Epidemiology of poisoning by chemicals;
Monitoring of environmental toxicants; Carbon monoxide as a national
problem; Nitrates and water quality; Teratogenesis and mutagenesis of
environmental chemicals.
TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
Environmental Levels of PCS in Great Lakes Fish
Straub, Conrad P. ; Sprafka, J. Michael
Minnesota Univ., Minneapolis. School of Public Health.
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
PB83-264481 (NTIS); EPA-600/3-83-094 (EPA)
EPA-R-806 282 (EPA Contract Number)
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REPORT DATE
ABSTRACT
1 Jun 82 70p
This report reviews and evaluates previously reported PCS levels in a
variety of fish sampled from various locations in the Great Lakes. Higher
concentrations in fish appear to be related to near-shore sampling where
higher exposure to bottom sediments occurs to the flora and fauna
comprising the food chains for the specific fish collected. Highest
concentrations of PCBs were found in lake trout and fat trout taken from
Lake Superior and in fish collected from the lower end of Lake Michigan.
There is a need to identify past and/or present sources contributing PCB
contaminants to the off-shore areas as well as to identify major sources of
runoff contributing PCBs to the waters of the Great Lakes system.
Additional information as to food-chain constituents is needed to more
readily assess prey-predator relationships in the various regions of the
system.
TITLE
Environmental Management Report Update Region 10, 1985
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA. Region X.
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
NOTES
ABSTRACT
PB86-110046/XAB (NTIS); EPA/910/9-85/130 (EPA)
Sep 85 66p
See also PB85-132710.
The 1985 update to the Region 10 Environmental Management Report of 1983
describes work planned during Fiscal 86 in high priority efforts by the
States of the Pacific Northwest and Region 10 to address current and
emerging environmental problems. Because those problems the authors now
feel merit priority status are not the same problems the authors discussed
in 1983 and 1984, the organization of this 1985 update differs. Where
possible, environmental problems were discussed collectively by media. For
example, the general topic of Pesticides and Toxic Substances, identified
as a separate priority problem in 1983, is addressed this year in
media-related sections on Groundwater and Air Contamination. Similarly,
Fishery Damage is discussed this year as part of the placer mining and
nonpoint source problem discussions. The authors also took a different
approach to ranking the significance of each problem this year. The
Management Team assessed each environmental problem independently according
to four criteria: (1) number of persons exposed, (2) human health risk, (3)
ecological risk, and (4) the level of public concern. They were also asked
to weigh each of the four criteria. The attached environmental priority
list presents the results of this exercise. The top priority - hazardous
waste contamination of groundwater.
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TITLE
REPORT DATE
NOTE
ABSTRACT
Environmental Management Report. FY 1983
Environmental Protection Agency, Philadelphia. PA. Region III.
May 83 225p
See also PB83-258509. Color illustrations reproduced in black and white.
This report describes the environmental problems found in Region 3, which
includes Delaware, Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia and the
District of Columbia. The most significant Regional problems include
hazardous waste dump and disposal sites, the siting of new hazardous waste
facilities, ozone and S02 air pollution, surface water contamination by
acid mine drainage and non-point sources, PCB contamination incidents,
persistant violations with small water supplies and potential groundwater
contamination.
TITLE
AUTHOR
CORPORATE
SOURCE
REPORT DATE
NOTE
Environmental Progress and Challenges: An EPA (Environmental Protection
Agency) Perspective ~~ " ~
Crampton, L. S. W. ; Kelly, C. C. ; Hiemstra, S. L.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Jun 84 125p
Color illustrations reproduced in black and white.
ABSTRACT
This report presents the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's)
assessment of the progress we have made as a Nation in improving the
quality of the air we breathe, the water we depend on, and the land where
we live. More importantly, it presents EPA's agenda for restoring and
protecting these resources from past and future environmental hazards.
TITLE
AUTHOR
CORPORATE
SOURCE
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
Environmental Transport and Transformation of Polychlorinated Biphenyls
Leifer, A. ; Brink, R. H. ; Thorn, G. C. ; Partymiller, K G.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Pesticides and
Toxic Substances.
PB84-142579 (NTIS); EPA-560/5-83-025 (EPA)
Dec 83 206p
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ABSTRACT
This report summarizes the environmental transport and transformation of
polychlorinated biphenyls and contains nine separate chapters describing
water solubility and octanol/water partition coefficient, vapor pressure,
Henry's law constant and volatility from water, adsorption (sorption) to
soils and sediments, bioconcentration in fish, atmospheric oxidation,
hydrolysis and oxidation in water, photolysis, and biodegradation. In the
preparation of each of these chapters, the emphasis has been on obtaining
experimental data on environmentally relevant rate constants and
equilibrium constants for these processes/properties for individual PCB
congeners and Arochlors. If no experimental data were found, then
estimation techniques were used wherever possible to obtain values for the
rate constants or equilibrium constants for each individual congener or for
groups of congeners (i.e., for monochloro-, dichloro-, trichloro-, etc.,
biphenyls). It must be emphasized that these estimates of rates for
transport and transformation involved simplifying assumptions and thus
these data should not be regarded as precise but rather as a best estimate
based on the available data.
TITLE
AUTHOR
Enzyme-Based Detection of Chlorinated Hydrocarbons in Water
(Kept, for Oct 82-Jul 83)~
Offenhartz, B. H. ; Lefko, J. L.
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
NOTES
JRB Associates, Inc., McLean, VA.
Environmental Protection Agency, Edison, NJ. Hazardous Waste Engineering
Research Lab.
PB85-191715/XAB (NTIS): EPA/600/2-85/048 (EPA)
EPA-68-03-3113 (EPA Contract Number)
Apr 85 51p
Also pub. as B and M Technological Services, Inc., Cambridge, MA. rept
no. B/M-EPA-82-01.
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ABSTRACT
An enzyme-based approach for detecting hazardous levels of high molecular
weight chlorinated hydrocarbons in natural waters has been explored. An
extensive review of the literature indicated that the enzymes, lactate
dehydrogenase, carbonic anhydrase, hexokinase, phosphorylase and an ATPase
are suitable for field method development. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was
chosen to develop a method that promises rapid, reliable and cost-effective
detection. The LDH catalyzed reaction is used to detect chlorinated
hydrocarbons, which reduce the rate of the reaction by reversibly
inhibiting the enzyme. The analysis uses pH detection and takes 5 minutes.
So far, the LDH method has been used to detect aldrin, toxaphene, DDT,
PCBs, pentachlorophenol and 2,4,5,-T at the parts per million level. A
review of the literature suggests that most organochlorine pesticides,
PCBs, polychlorinated phenols and chlorophenoxy derivatives can be detected
by the LDH method. Preliminary investigations of potential interferants
suggest that the LDH method selectively detects chlorinated hydrocarbons.
Work was begun on immobilizing the enzyme for incorporation in water
monitor and field detector designs. The LDH method shows potential for use
in field devices and for processing extracts of soils and wastes, as well
as water samples. These method adaptations are recommended for future work.
TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
RGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
ABSTRACT
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Method Study 28, PCB's
(Polychlorinated Biphenyls) in Oil~
(Project rept. Sep 81-May 84)
Sonchik, S. M. ; Ronan, R. J.
Versar, Inc., Springfield, VA.
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab. - Cincinnati, OH.
Quality Assurance Branch.
PB85-115178 (NTIS); EPA/600/4-84/078 (EPA)
EPA-68-03-3006 (EPA Contract Number)
Oct 84
91p
This report describes the experimental design and the results of the
validation study for two analytical methods to detect polychlorinated
byphenyls in oil. The methods analyzed for four PCB Aroclors (1016, 1242,
1254, and 1260), 2-chlorobiphenyl, and decachlorobiphenyl. The first method
consisted in diluting the oil in hexane and analyzing by gas chromatography
using an electrolytic conductivity detector in separating with sulfuric
acid extraction or with column chroraatography, and analysing by gas
chromatography using and electron capture detector. Four oil types were
used in this study: capacitor fluid, hydraulic fluid, transformer oil, and
waste oil. Each oil was spiked at six concentration levels with comprised
three Youden pairs. Capacitor fluid was spiked with Araclor 1016, hydraulic
fluid with Aroclor 1242 and 2-chlorobiphenyl, transformer oil with Aroclor
1260 and decachlorobiphenyl, and waste oil with Aroclor 1254. Statistical
analyses and conclusions presented in this report are based on analytical
data obtained by eighteen participating laboratories and two volunteer
laboratories. The two methods assessed quantitatively with respect to
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the precision and accuracy that can be expected for each. In addition,
various aspects of the methods discussed, including such topics as
methods detection limits, sample stability interferences, and qualitative
assessment of the methods based upon comments by the participating
laboratories.
TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Method Study 18, Method 608-
Organochlorine Pesticides and PCB's~
(Final rept. Sep 78-Dec 81)
Millar, J. D. ; Thomas, R. E. ; Schattenberg, H. J.
Southwest Research Inst., San Antonio, TX.
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
ABSTRACT
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.,
Park, NC. Quality Assurance Branch.
Research Triangle
PB84-211358/XAB (NTIS); EPA-600/4-84-061 (EPA)
EPA-68-03-2606 (EPA Contract Number)
Jun 84 197p
This report describes the results obtained and data analysis from an
interlaboratory evaluation of EPA Method 608 (Organochlorine Pesticides and
PCBs). The method is designed to analyze for 16 single-compound pesticides,
chlordane, tox ihene, and seven Aroclor formulations in water and
wastewater. All were included in this study except endrin aldehyde,
sufficient quantities of which could not be obtained. The study design
required the analyst to dose six waters with eight analytical groups, each
at six levels. The six dosing levels of each substance or combination
represented three Youden pairs, one each at a low, an intermediate, and a
high level. The six waters used were a laboratory pure water, a finished
drinking water, and a surface water, all collected by the participant, and
three low-background industrial effluents (SICs 2869 and 2621). A total of
22 laboratories participated in the study. The method is assessed
quantitatively with respect to the accuracy and precision that can be
expected. In addition, results of method detection limit studies are
included as are qualitative assessments of the method based upon comments
by the participating laboratories.
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TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
NOTE
ABSTRACT
Equilibrium Model of Fate of Microcontaminants in Diverse Aquatic Food
Chains "
(Journal article)
Thomann, R. V.
Manhattan Coll., Bronx, NY.
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Grosse lie, MI. Large Lakes
Research Station.
PB81-23251 (NTIS); EPA-600/J-81-295 (EPA)
1981 20p
Pub. in Canadian Jnl. of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v38 n3 p280-296
1981.
Bioconcentration and bioaccumulation factors of PCB, 239Pu, and 137Cs are
compiled from the literature as a function of organism size. The
distribution of field-observed bioaccumulation factors varies markedly
between each substance but similarly to order of magnitude within each
substance across diverse food chains. It can be inferred from the
literature that PCB levels in top predators are due primarily to food chain
transfer. A steady state compartment food chain model is derived for
estimation of the relative effect of uptake directly from water versus food
chain transfer. The model food chain transfer number f, given by alpha C/K
+ G for alpha = chemical absorption efficiency, C = specific consumption, K
= excretion rate, and G = net organism growth rate indicates the degree of
food chain accumulation. For f > 1, food chain transfer is significant; for
f < 1, uptake from water is more significant. Application of the model
suggests that (a) PCB body burden in top predators is due almost entirely
to consumption of contaminated prey, (b) for 239Pu all of the body burden
is due to uptake from the water only, and (c) observed 137Cs concentration
factors are due principally to food chain transfer with a high dependence
on the salinity-dependent phytoplankton adsorption.
TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
REPORT NUMBER
Estimation of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in the Presence of DDT-Type
Compounds~~~
(Environmental monitoring series (Final))
Brownrigg, J. T. ; Hornig, A. W.
Baird-Atomic, Inc., Bedford, Mass.
PB-233 599/0 (NTIS); EPA-670/4-74-004 (EPA)
EPA-68-01-0082 (EPA Contract Number)
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REPORT DATE
Jun 74 lOOp
ABSTRACT
Earlier studies suggested that the low temperature luminescence
properties of PCB's (polychlorinated biphenyls) and DDT compounds could be
used to identify these compounds singly or in mixtures. The present
investigation was undertaken to develop a relatively simple, rapid method
for estimating these compounds in water. The emphasis in this procedure has
been on the inherent sensitivity and specificity of luminescence, avoiding
chemical separation where possible. The present procedure involves
collection of grab samples followed by extraction, drying, concentration,
and redilution in a second solvent suitable for luminescence measurement at
77K. Studies include the determination of recoveries and detection
sensitivities for some of the compounds of interest and also analyses of
several environmental waters. (Modified author abstract)
TITLE
AUTHOR
CORPORATE
SOURCE
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
Evaluation of a New Microvolume 3HSc Electron Capture Detector and
Ancillary Data System for Pesticide Residue Analysis"
Hanisch, Robert C. ; Lewis, Robert G.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle Park, N.C. Analytical
Chemistry Branch.
PB-276 990/9 (NTIS); EPA/600/2-78/010 (EPA)
Feb 78 35p
ABSTRACT
The performance of a linearized 3HSc electron capture detector (ECD) and
its ancillary data system was evaluated for use in the analysis of
pesticide residues. Serial dilutions of pesticide standards were used to
determine the maximum linear range and sensitivity of the detector. This
detector was found to have a significantly greater linear range for the
test compounds than a linearized 63Ni electron capture detector evaluated.
The sensitivity was only marginally better than the 63Ni ECD.
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TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
Evaluation of Chlorinated Hydrocarbon Catalytic Reduction Technology
(Final rept. May 77-Feb 7{3j
Erickson, Mitchell D. ; Estes, Eva D.
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, N.C.
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Triangle Park
N.C.
PB-283 646/8 (NTIS); EPA/600/2-78/059 (EPA)
EPA-68-02-2612 (EPA Contract Number)
Mar 78 49p
ABSTRACT
The report gives results of a laboratory evaluation of a control
technique developed for the EPA for the catalytic reduction of chlorinated
hydrocarbons (specifically PCBs and chlorinated pesticides such as
heptachlor and endrin). The technique involves elution of polluted water at
ambient temperature and at neutral pH through a column containing a mixture
of sand and copper iron catalyst. The evaluation found that PCBs are not
detectably reduced, but are chromatographically eluted from the column in
order of increasing chlorination. The catalyst was found to partially
reduce heptachlor and endrin. The possibility of chromatographic elution by
endrin and/or heptachlor was briefly investigated using miniature columns
and found to be insignificant. The report also describes the observation of
an additional on-site demonstration of the catalytic reduction technology,
including observation of the test procedure, gas chromatography with
electron capture detection, and subsequent laboratory GC/MS analysis of
transported samples. An evaluation of the reports generated during the
development of the catalytic reduction technique is presented. It discusses
errors and emissions in the developmental experimental protocol which led
to the erroneous conclusions that the technique was applicable to PCBs.
TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
Evaluation of Collection Media for Low Levels of Airborne Pesticides
Rhoades, John W. ; Johnson, Donald E.
Southwest Research Inst., San Antonio, Tex.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle Park, N.C.
PB-275 668/2 (NTIS); EPA/600/1-77/050 (EPA)
EPA-68-02-2235 (EPA Contract Number)
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REPORT DATE
NOTE
ABSTRACT
Oct 77 140p
See also report dated May 72, PB-214 008.
Polyurethane foam plugs, Chromosorb 102, and Tenax GC have all been found
to be better sorbents than cottonseed oil for high volume collection of
airborne chlorinated and organophosphate pesticides and polychlorinated
biphenyls. None of these were satisfactory for the recovery of carbofuran
or carbaryl. A new high volume collecting module concept capable of use
with polyurethane foam, porous polymer beads, liquid coated glass beads, or
other solids was developed. The entire collector is Soxhlet extracted and
no disassembly is required. The collector-extractor is ready for reuse as
soon as residential solvent is removed.
TITLE
AUTHOR
CORPORATE
SOURCE
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
NOTE
Evaluation of Gel Permeation Chromatography for Clean Up of Human Adipose
Tissue Samples for GC/MS Analysis of Pesticides and Other Chemicals'
(Journal article)~~~
MacLeod, Kathryn E. ; Hanisch, Robert C. ; Lewis, Robert G.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
PB82-246836 (NTIS); EPA-600/J-82-005 (EPA)
28 Dec 81 5p
Pub. in Jnl. of Analytical Toxicology, v6 p38-40 Jan/Feb 82.
ABSTRACT
Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) has been evaluated for clean up of
human adipose tissue sample extracts in preparation for confirmatory
analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Studies were
conducted with standard solutions, fortified chicken fat, and actual human
adipose tissue samples. Nearly quantitative removal of lipid material was
achieved with minimal losses of 16 organochlorine pesticides and
metabolites: two polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) mixtures, two chlorinated
napthalene (PCN) mixtures, and a polybrominated biphenyl (PBB) mixture.
Mass spectra free from interferences were obtained over the mass range from
46 m/z to 560 m/z.
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TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
Evaluation of Methods for the Determination of Total Organic Halide in
Water and Waste
(Final rept. Aug 82-Jul 84)^
Cole, T. F. ; Berry, A. M. ; Wilson, R. L.
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincinnati, OH.
PB85-166304/XAB (NTIS); EPA/600/4-85/011 (EPA)
EPA-68-03-3155 (EPA Contract Number)
Feb 85 122p
ABSTRACT
Various methods for the determination of total organic halides (TOX) in
groundwater and in waste oil samples have been evaluated. Of three
inorganic halide species generation approaches and three inorganic halide
determinative techniques evaluated for groundwater analyses, one combined
approach using Schoeniger flask oxidation with colorimetric chloride
determination was chosen for laboratory validation and method detection
limit studies. Groundwater samples were also analyzed for TOX using neutron
activation analysis. A method for analysis of oil samples which us£s the
sodium biphenyl reagent and a colorimetric chloride method was found to be
unsatisfactory for the analysis of various oils spiked with PCBs due to
interferences in the colorimetric determinative step which resulted in
recoveries greater than 100%.
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TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
NOTE
ABSTRACT
Efficiency in an Industrial Boiler
Hall, Joanna ; Record, Frank ; Wolf, Paul ; Hunt, Gary ; Zelenski, Steven
GCA Corp., Bedford, MA. GCA Technology Div.
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Triangle Park,
(EPA)
Apr 81 172p
See also PB81-187270.
TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
Evaluation of PCB Destruction Efficiency in an inHn.^.1
(Final rept. Aug-Sep 80)
Collins, P. F. ; Hunt, G. F.
Research Triangle Inst. , Research Triangle Park, NC.
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Triangle Park,
Audit
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REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
ABSTRACT
PB81-187270 (NTIS); EPA-600/2-81-055B (EPA)
EPA-68-02-3146 (EPA Contract Number)
Apr 81 35p
The report gives results of systems audits and an evaluation of the
quality of data obtained by GM and GCA in the analysis of a test burn oil
for PCB conducted by Research Triangle Institute. Audits included
inspection of documentation and records, discussion of analytical
methodology and data with personnel of the organization being audited, and
independent data reduction. The analytical data reported by GM and GCA were
subsequently confirmed by separate analyses by EPA's Health Effects
Research Laboratory (RTP) and are reported in Appendix A.
TITLE
AUTHOR
CORPORATE
SOURCE
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
NOTE
Evaluation of Polyurethane Foam for Sampling of Pesticides.
Polychlorinated Biphenyls and Polychlorinated Naphthalenes in Ambient Air"
(Journal article)~'"
Lewis, Robert G. ; Brown, Alan R. ; Jackson, Merrill D.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle Park, N.C. Environmental
Toxicology Div.
PB-278 382/7 (NTIS); EPA/600/J-77/106 (EPA)
11 Jul 77 7p
Presented at the National Meeting of the American Chemical Society
(173rd), New Orleans, La. 25 Mar 77. (Paper no. 78, Div. of Pesticide
Chemistry).
Pub. in Analytical Chemistry, v49 n!2 p!668-1672 1977.
Not available NTIS.
ABSTRACT
Polyurethane foam has been evaluated for use in a high-volume air sampler
to collect a broad spectrum of pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)
and polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs). The sampler draws air through a
glass module equipped with a particulate filter and a polyurethane foam
vapor trap at flow rates which can be controlled from 100 to 250 L/min. Up
to 300 cu m of air can be sampled in a 24-hour day, providing theoretical
detection limits of less than 0.1 ng/cu m for some individual compounds.
Extraction and clean-up methodology for gas chromatographic analysis are
uncomplicated. Collection efficiencies have been determined for several
organochlorine and organophosphate pesticides, PCBs and PCNs. (Copyright
(c) 1977 by the American Chemical Society.)
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TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
ABSTRACT
Evaluation of Protocols for Pesticides and PCB's in Raw Wastewater
(Final rept. Jun-Oct 787~'
Caragay, Alegria B. ; Levins, Philip L.
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, MA.
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
PB80-133184 (NTIS); EPA/600/2-79-166 (EPA)
EPA-68-01-3857 (EPA Contract Number)
Nov 79 112p
The general EPA protocol for screening industrial effluents for priority
pollutants (Federal Register 38, No. 75, Part II), has been tested for its
applicability to the analysis of the priority pollutant pesticides and
PCB's in raw wastewater. Raw wastewater from the municipal sewage treatment
plant in Brockton, Massachusetts was dosed with 1-30 ppb of the priority
pollutant pesticides and PCB's. The overall procedure, evaluated consists of
the following steps: extraction with 15% methylene chloride/hexane with
centrifugation to break up the emulsion, concentration by Kuderna-Danish
evaporation, removal of interferences by acetonitrile partition,
chromatography on Florisil and Sephadex LH-20, and sulfur removal by
treatment with mercury. Samples were assayed by gas chromatography using an
electron capture detector. The data obtained show that the Kuderna-Danish
evaporation step could be a significant source of sample loss unless the
evaporation process is carried out at a fast rate. Treatment with mercury
effectively cleans up the extracts with no significant loss of pesticides.
Sample clean-up on a Sephadex LH-20 is recommended as an alternative to the
Florisil column clean-up procedure. The method tested works well for parts
per billion determination.
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TITLE
Chlorinated
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
Bidleman, Terry F. ; Billings, W. Neil ; Simon, Charles G.
South Carolina Univ., Columbia. Dept. of Chemistry.
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Triangle Park,
PB80-198526 (NTIS); EPA-600/2-80-167 (EPA)
EPA-R-804716 (EPA Contract Number)
Jul 80 67p
ABSTRACT
The comparative efficiency of polyurethane foam (PUF) and Tenax-GC resin
for collecting polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) and chlorinated pesticides
from 300 1600 cu m air was determined by side-by-side sampling with each
adsorbent in the city of Columbia, South Carolina.
TITLE
CORPORATE
SOURCE
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
fua.lgan°"reaf SUSPSCted Envir°"°ental Contamination of the Hemlock.
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Region V.
PB81-112526 (NTIS); EPA-905/4-80-009 (EPA)
Sep 80 77p
ABSTRACT
The Environmental Protection Agency conducted an investigation in the
\v. mchigan area to determine if a chemical contamination problem
I I'?; K, investi8ation was Prompted by complaints of human and
to ? Problems in that area, which were alleged to be due to
toxicants in aquifers used for drinking water supplies. In this study
approximately ninety samples, including water, soil, animal tissues, and
household dust samples, were analyzed for a wide variety of parameters.
Tests conducted on the samples included arsenic, cadmium, lead, bromide
chloride, PCBs, PBBs, pesticides, dioxin, and GC/MS scans for organics. No
evidence of a chemical contamination problem in the Hemlock, Michigan area
was found. °
-121-
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TITLE Evaluation of Tests with Early Life Stages of Fish for Predicting
Long-Term Toxicity
(Journal article)
AUTHOR McKim, James M.
CORPORATE Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Minn.
SOURCE
REPORT NUMBER PB-272 769/1 (NTIS); EPA/600/J-77/046 (EPA)
REPORT DATE 17 Jan 77 lOp
NOTE Pub. in Jnl. of Fisheries Research Board of Canada, v34 n8 pl!48-1154
1977.
ABSTRACT Partial and complete life-cycle toxicity tests with fish, involving all
developmental stages, have been used extensively in the establishment of
water-quality criteria for aquatic life. During extended chronic exposures
of fish to selected toxicants, certain developmental stages have frequently
shown a greater sensitivity than others. In 56 life-cycle toxicity tests
completed during the last decade with 34 organic and inorganic chemicals
and four species of fish, the embryo-larval and early juvenile life stages
were the most, or among the most, sensitive. Tests with these stages can be
used to estimate the maximum acceptable toxicant concentration (MATC)
within a factor of two in most cases. Therefore, toxicity tests with these
early life stages of fish should be useful in establishing water-quality
criteria and in screening large numbers of chemicals.
-122-
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TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
NOTE
Evaluation of the Methods Used to Determine Potential Health Risk
Associated with Organic Contaminants In t-h*» Crrat LakPB
Schuman, L. M. ; Straub, C. P. ; Mandel, J. S. ; Norsted, S. ; Sprafka,
J • rl •
Minnesota Univ., Minneapolis. School of Public Health.
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
PB84-128305 (NTIS); EPA-600/3-84-002 (EPA)
EPA-R-806282 (EPA Contract Number)
Jan 84 469p
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
ABSTRACT
These results suggest that 'lake-bordering' populations (i.e., white
populations) experience higher rates of mortality due to stomach and
esophageal cancers as compared to 'non-lake bordering' counties. This trend
is consistent when the potential confounding factor of large urban centers
is removed.
TITLE
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
Evaluation of the Problem Posed by In-Place Pollutants in Baltimor*
Harbor and Recommendation of Corrective Action~~~
(Final rept)~~
Trident Engineering Associates, Inc., Annapolis, Md.
Maryland Univ., Cambridge. Horn Point Environmental Labs.;
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. Office of Water Planning
and Standards. 5
PB-283 178/2 (NTIS); EPA/440/5-77/015B (EPA)
EPA-68-01-1965 (EPA Contract Number)
-123-
-------
REPORT DATE
NOTE
Sep 77 87p
Prepared in cooperation with Maryland Univ.,
Environmental Labs.
Cambridge. Horn Point
ABSTRACT
Previous studies had indicated that Baltimore harbor is heavily polluted.
To assess the impact of in-place pollutants on the harbor, the Contractor
sampled and analyzed bottom sediments, the water column, and the
interstitial water, using bulk sediment analyses, elutriate tests, and
bioassays. On the basis of the results of this investigation, it is
possible to divide the harbor into four zones; highly toxic, moderately
toxic, low toxicity, and slightly toxic. The biota are being stressed by
in-place pollutants. Benthic organisms suffer the greatest damage, the
intensity varying with the location in the zones of toxicity. Pelagic
species are damaged to a lesser extent. Although feasible corrective
actions do exist, they would offer only a temporary solution. A permanent
solution involves the corrective action plus elimination of pollutant
discharges into the harbor. A companion report contains the appendices and
details of the testing and analysis.
TITLE
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
NOTE
Evaluation of the Problem Posed by In-Place Pollutants in Baltimore
Harbor and Recommendation of Corrective Action - Appendices
Trident Engineering Associates, Inc., Annapolis, Md.
Maryland Univ., Solomons. Center for Environmental and Estuarine
Studies.; Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. Office of Water
Planning and Standards.
PB-282 574/3 (NTIS); EPA/440/5-77/015A (EPA)
EPA-68-01-1965 (EPA Contract Number)
Sep 77 239p
Prepared in cooperation with Maryland Univ., Solomons. Center for
Environmental and Estuarine Studies.
ABSTRACT
This report presents the results of a study of the in-place pollutants in
Baltimore Harbor and their effect on water quality. This part of the report
contains the appendices.
-124-
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TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
Evaluation of Three Fish Species as Bioassay Organisms for Dredged
Material Testing " 2—
(Final rept.)
Rubinstein, N. I. ; Gilliam, W. T. ; Gregory, N. R.
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, MS.
AD-A153 983/XAB (NTIS); EPA-600/X-83-062 (EPA)
Dec 84 27p
ABSTRACT
Three fish species, Cyprinodon variegatus, Fundulus similis, and Menidia
menidia, were evaluated to determine which is most suitable as a bioassay
organism for solid phase testing of dredged material. Acute toxicity and
bioaccumulation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were monitored for 52
days of exposure to two types of dredged material collected from the New
York harbor. Cyprinodon variegatus displayed the most consistent
accumulation of PCBs. However, no definition statement can be made
regarding acute toxicity response because of poor control survival, Review
of the literature indicates the M. menidia is the most sensitive of the
three species examined and, consequently, it is felt that this'species
should be strongly considered as a candidate for solid testing. Originator
supplied keywords: Biological assay, Dredged material, Fishes, Effect of
water pollution on, Pollution—Research, Water—Pollution—Environmental
aspects.
-125-
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TITLE
AUTHOR
CORPORATE
SOURCE
REPORT DATE
NOTE
REPORT NUMBER
ABSTRACT
Experimental Hepatic Porphyria Induced by Polychlorinated Biphenyls
Goldstein, Joyce A. ; Hickman, Patricia ; Jue, Danny L.
Environmental Protection Agency, Chamblee, Ga. Chamblee Toxicology Lab.
30 Aug 73 12p
Pub. in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 27, p437-448 1974.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology. Group 2, PB-278
094.
PB-278 094 (NTIS)
Aroclor 1254, which consists of a mixture of polychlorinated biphenyls
(PCBs) containing 54% chlorine, produced an experimental hepatic porphyria
in rats resembling hexachlorobenzene poisoning and human porphyria cutanea
tarda. The PCB-induced porphyria is characterized by delayed development,
increased excretion of urinary uroporphyrins, accumulation of 8- and
7-carboxyporphyrins in the liver and increased drug-metabolizing capacity
of the liver. Cytochrome P-450 and microsoraal heme were increased maximally
at 1 week, in the absence of an increase in the rate-limiting enzyme in
heme synthesis, delta-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) synthetase. Induction of
ALA synthetase and porphyria occurred later, after2-7 months' exposure to
PCBs. No induction of ALA synthetase could be demonstrated prior to the
onset of porphyria. Marked induction of ALA synthetase occurred 5 hr after
large single doses of Aroclor 1254; however, the doses required were larger
than those used to produce porphyria when administered chronically, and
induction appeared to be related to the marked increase in cytochrome P-450
seen 24 hr after administration of the drug.
TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
Extent of Reversibility of Polychlorinated Biphenyl Adsorption
(Journal article)""
Horzempa, L. M. ; Di Torso, D. M.
Manhattan Coll., Bronx, NY. Environmental Engineering and Science
Program.
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
PB84-123876 (NTIS); EPA-600/J-83-120 (EPA)
EPA-R-805229; EPA-r-807853 (EPA Contract Numbers)
-126-
-------
REPORT DATE
NOTE
ABSTRACT
C1983 12p
Pub. in Water Research, v!7 n8 p851-859 1983.
Not available from NTIS
of PCB bonding to sediments has been
on the partitioning behavior of a
The extent of reversibility
characterized in studies _.. ^im
hexachlorobiphenyl isomer. Linear non-singular isotherms have^been observed
for the adsorption and desorption of 2,4,5,2',A',5' hexachlorobiphenyl
(HCBP) to 1100 ppm sediment suspensions. Evidence from consecutive
desorption studies suggests that while HCBP adsorption may ultimately be
reversible, release from sediments appeared to involve desorption along two
distinct isotherms. These results have been interpreted in terms of
possible similarities between the sorption properties observed in the
distilled water systems of the present study and PCB bonding processes in
natural water systems.
TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
ABSTRACT
Facilities Evaluation of High Efficiency Boiler Destruction PCB Waste
(Research brief Jan-Apr 80) ~ " '
Cotter, J. E. ; Johnson, R. J.
TRW, Inc., Redondo Beach, CA.
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.,
NC.
Research Triangle Park,
PB81-178287 (NTIS); EPA-600/7-81-031 (EPA);
EPA-68-02-3174 (EPA Contract Number)
Mar 81 45p
The report gives results of an evaluation of destruction in two different
high-efficiency boilers (as an alternative to landfill disposal) of waste
(a rendering plant byproduct, yellow grease) found to be contaminated by
PCBs from a transformer leak. (The PCB content—under 500 ppm—determines
the disposal method under 40 CFR Part 761.) At the first boiler: (1)
logistics and fuel handling requirements were found to be feasible to set
up in a short time; (2) boiler size and residence time were determined to
be likely to allow high destruction efficiency; (3) with 99.9% destruction
of PCBs, downwind concentration was estimated to be less than CSHA limits
for industrial exposure; and (4) fuel characteristics of the yellow grease
were used to support the recommendation for 100% grease Eired as fuel. At
the second boiler: (1) the size and facilities were determined to satisfy
all prerequisites for high efficiency boilers (40 CFR Part 761); (2) best
operation was by blending the waste with the normal fuel oil supply; and
(3) a 30% waste blend was found to be completely miscible and feasible with
respect to logistical support. A verification test burn was recommended and
outlined for either candidate site. Current EPA protocol and policy
developments for PCB destruction were found to be appropriate for the
preparation of a candidate facility test plan and an example public notice.
-127-
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'ITLE
AUTHOR
CORPORATE
SOURCE
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
NOTES
ABSTRACT
Fate of Environmental Pollutants
(Journal article)
Pritchard, P. H.
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
PB86-101060/XAB (NTIS); EPA/600/J-85/148 (EPA)
1985 12p
Pub. in Jnl. of the Water Pollution Control Federation, v57 n6 p658-667
Jun 85.
Published literature on the environmental fate of pollutants published
during 1984 are reviewed. Short excerpts are presented from each reference
covering such areas as photolysis, biodegradation, hydrolysis, sorption,
and volatility for pollutants including pesticides, hydrocarbons, heavy
metals, polynuclear hydrocarbons, and other toxic organic chemicals.
TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
ABSTRACT
Fate of Selected Toxic Compounds Under Controlled Redox Potential and pH
Conditions in Soil and Sediment-Water Systems
(Final rept. Oct 79-Oct 8)
Gambrell, R. P. ; Taylor, B. A. ; Reddy, K. S. ; Patrick, Jr, W. H.
Louisiana State Univ., Baton Rouge. Center for Wetland Resources.
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
PB84-140169 (NTIS); EPA-600/3-84-018 (EPA)
EPA-R-807018 (EPA Contract Number)
Jan 84 112p
A study was conducted to determine the effects of pH and redox potential
conditions on the degradation of selected synthetic organics. Also, the
effects of these physicochemical parameters as well as other physical and
chemical properties of soils and sediment-water systems on the adsorption
of selected organics were measured. Compounds used in degradation studies
included methyl parathion, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), and
Aroclor 154 (a polychlorinated biphenyl formulation). Compounds used in
adsorption studies included methyl parathion, 2,4-D, and pentachlorophenol.
Soils and sediments used for both the degradation and adsorption studies
were selected to include materials having a wide range of physical and
chemical properties.
-128-
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TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
ABSTRACT
Field Manual for Grid Sampling of PCS Spill Sites to Verify Cleanup
Gary L. Kelso, Mitchell D. Erickson, David C. Cox*
Midwest Research Institute, Kansas City, Mo. 64110; Washington
Consulting Group, Washington, D.C. 20006
Field Studies Branch, U.S. EPA/OTS, Washington, D.C. 20460
EPA-560/5-86-017 (EPA)
68-02-3938 (EPA Contract Number)
May 1986
The purpose of this manual is to provide detailed, step-by-
step quidance to EPA staff for using hexagonal grid sampling
at a PCB spill site. Guidance is given for preparing the
sample design; collecting, handling, and preserving the sample
taken; maintaining quality assurance and quality control; and
docuraentiong and reporting the sampling procedures used. An
optional strategy for compositing samples is given in the
appendix.
This is a companion document to the report "Verification of
PCB Spill Cleanup by Sampling and Analysis" (EPA 560/5-85-
026, August 1985, Second Printing). This "how-to" report
concentrates on detailed guidance for field sampling personnel
and does not attempt to provide background information on the
techniques presented. The types of field sampling situations
discussed in this manual are those typically found when a PCB
spill results from a PCB article, PCB container, or PCB
equipment spill. Unusual PCB spill situations, such a
elongated spills on highways from a moving vehicle, large
spills in waterways, and large, catastrophic spills, are not
addressed.
-129-
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TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
Field Study to Obtain Trace Element Mass Balances at a Coal-Fired Utility
Boiler • -
(Final rept. May 75-Sep 80)
Evers, Robert ; Banderfriff, V. E. ; Zielke, R. L.
Tennessee Valley Authority, Chattanooga. Div. of Energy Demonstrations
and Technology.
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Triangle Park
NC.
PB81-161861 (NTIS); EPA-600/7-80-171 (EPA)
Oct 80 146p
ABSTRACT
The report gives results of a study to identify mass flow rates of minor
and trace elements from streams of a coal-fired utility boiler (Colbert
Steam Plant Unit No. 1). This information was used to obtain a mass balance
for 25 elements. The mass balances used inlet and outlet flows associated
with three major pieces of equipment: the pulverizer, boiler, and
electrostatic precipitator. This provided a mass balance for each element
for the various parts of the system. Along with the trace elements which
were being measured, organic samples were obtained and analyzed from
various streams for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polynuclear
organic matter (POMs). Thus, the mass balance reflected a fairly complete
picture of the boiler under normal operating conditions. The mass balances
show that sampling techniques need to be improved. First, the analysis of
the vapor-phase samples reported all concentrations below the detection
limit for each element. Second, the mass balances of only 10 elements
(representing 61% of the total ash flow) closed within + or - 10% for at
least two of the three major pieces of the system.
TITLE
Final Environmental Impact Statement for Proposed Arizona Hazardous Waste
Management Facility " '
CORPORATE SOURCE Environmental Protection Agency, San Francisco, CA. Region IX.
SPONSOR SCS Engineers, Long Beach, CA.; Wirth Associates, Phoenix, AZ.;
Arizona State Dept. of Health Services, Phoenix.; Bureau of Land
Management, Phoenix, AZ.
REPORT NUMBER PB84-171636 (NTIS); EPA-909/9-83-002 (EPA)
-130-
-------
REPORT DATE
NOTE
Jul 83 371p
See also PB84-171628. Sponsored in part by Arizona State Dept. of Health
Services, Phoenix and Bureau of Land Management, Phoenix, AZ. Prepared in
cooperation with SCS Engineers, Long Beach, CA. and Wirth Associates
Phoenix, AZ. '
ABSTRACT
The State of Arizona has asked to purchase a one-square mile parcel of
land from the U.S. Bureau of Land Management for siting a state-owned
contractor-operated hazardous waste facility. At BLM's request EPA agreed
to serve as lead agency in preparing the EIS on the proposed land transfer.
This EIS addresses concerns related to selection of a facility site
Impacts related specifically to the design and operation of the facility
itself would be addressed through future permits issued by EPA and the
Arizona Department of Health Services. The final EIS addresses comments on
the Draft EIS by presenting additional discussion of several major
environmental issues. It also assesses the impacts of a representative
high technology' facility, which uses a high temperature incinerator to
dispose of PCB wastes and other incincerable hazardous wastes.
TITLE
AUTHOR
CORPORATE
SOURCE
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
NOTE
Fish, Wildlife, and Estuaries. Pesticide Residues in Estuarine Mollusks
1977 versus 1972—National Pesticide Monitoring Program
(Journal article (Final7) "
Butler, Philip A. ; Kennedy, Charles D. ; Schutzmann, Roy A.
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
PB80-183395 (NTIS); EPA-600/J-78-168 (EPA)
Dec 78 5p
Pub. in Pesticides Monitoring Journal v!2 n3 p99-101, 3 Dec 78.
Bivalve mollusks were monitored for residues of 20 organochlorine and
organophosphate pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in spring 1977 in
87 of the 181 estuaries routinely monitored on a monthly basis during
1965-72. DDT, the only pesticide detected in 1977, occurred at low levels
in one estuary each on the Atlantic and Pacific coasts.
-131-
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TITLE
Follow-Up Study of the Distribution and Fate of Polychlorinated Biphenyls
and Benzenes in Soil and Ground Water Samples After an Accidental Spill of
Transformer Fluid " " ' '
AUTHOR
CORRPORATE
SOURCE
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
ABSTRACT
Moein, George J. ; Smith, Al J. ; Biglane, Kenneth E. ; Loy, Bill •
Bennett, Tom '
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region IV.
PB-288 484/9 (NTIS); EPA/904/9-76/014 (EPA)
Jan 76 145p
This technically oriented study was designed to derive a PCB
concentration profile in a spill area two years after the occurrence of the
spill. Many months of field work and laboratory analysis were spent to
examine numerous environmental factors to determine the fate of PCB and
benzenes in the natural environment. The area, under investigation for
migration and/or degradation was found virtually unchanged while the
solvent had continued to leach into the underground water. There was,
however, no evidence of permanent environmental damage detected in the
spill area.
TITLE
AUTHOR
CORPORATE
SOURCE
SPONSOR
REPORT DATE
NOTE
ABSTRACT
Follow-up Study of the Distribution and Fate of Polychlorinated Biphenyls
and Benzenes in Soil and Groundwater Samples After an Accidental Spill of
Transformer Fluid ~~~ ~ ~
(Technical rept. 1973-76)
Smith, Jr., Al J. ; Moein, George J. ; Stewart, Peggy L.
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, Ga. Region IV.
Stewart Labs., Inc., Knoxville, Tenn.
1976 19p
Prepared in cooperation with Stewart Labs., Inc., Knoxville, Tenn.
Presented to the 1976 National Conference on Control of Hazardous Material
Spills, New Orleans, La.
The report contains a brief discussion of the technical aspects of what
happens to spill residuals after cleanup, and after a 3 year period.
Biodegradation of PCB is considered as is the various effects of weather,
climate, and soil dynamics.
-132-
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TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
NOTE
Gaseous HC1 and Chlorinated Organic Compound Emissions from Refuse Fired
Waste-to-Energy Systems'"
(Final rept.)
Nunn, A. B.
Scott Environmental Technology, Inc., Plumsteadvi1le, PA.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC.
Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
PB86-145661/XAB (NTIS); EPA/600/3-84/094 (EPA)
EPA-68-02-3486 (EPA Contract Number)
Jan 86 76p
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC.
Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
ABSTRACT
The emissions from a water wall mass fired municipal waste incinerator
and a refuse derived fuel (RDF) fired incinerator were sampled for
chlorinated organic compounds and hydrochloric acid (HC1). The sampling was
performed to evaluate the extractive sampling methods used to measure the
compounds. Sampling the chlorinated organic compound emissions was
conducted using a modified version of the EPA Reference 5 Method, which
included an XAD-2 resin cartridge. HC1 was sampled with an impinger train
using basic absorbing solutions. The recovered chlorinated organics were
separated into chlorophenols, chlorobenzenes, poly-chlorinated biphenyls
(PCBs), chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (CDDs), and chlorinated dibenzofurans
(CDFs), and quantitated. The results of the analysis are presented in terms
of the compounds distributions' within the sampling systems as well as the
emission rates.
TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
Guidelines for the Disposal of PCBs (Polychlorinated Biphenyls) and PCB
Items by Thermal Destruction ~~~ —~
(Final rept. Oct 79-Apr 80)
Ackerman, D. G. ; Scinto, L. L. ; Bakshi, P. S. ; Delumyea, R. G. ;
Johnson, R. J.
TRW, Inc., Redondo Beach, CA.
-133-
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SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
ABSTRACT
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.,
NC.
PB81-182339 (NTIS); EPA-600/2-81-022
EPA-68-02-3174 (EPA Contract Number)
Feb 81 319p
Research Triangle Park,
(EPA)
The report is a resource and guidelines document to aid EPA Regional
Offices in interpreting and applying polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)
regulations to the thermal destruction of PCBs. As background material, the
report describes fundamental processes of combustion, thermal destruction
systems, sampling and analysis methodology, and flame chemistry relative to
PCB incineration. Administrative considerations, including public
involvement, are discussed. Detailed guidelines on the evaluation of Annex
I incinerators, high efficiency boilers, and the several stages of the
approval process are presented and discussed.
TITLE
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
NOTE
ABSTRACT
Health Effects Assessment for Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBS)
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office. ~~ ~ ~
Syracuse Research Corp., NY.
PB86-134152/XAB (NTIS); EPA/540/1-86/004 (EPA)
Sep 84 66p
See also PB81-117798, PB86-134145 and PB86-134160.
cooperation with Syracuse Research Corp., NY.
Also available in set of 58 reports PC E99, PB86-134111.
Prepared
in
The document represents a brief, quantitatively oriented scientific
summary of health effects data. It was developed by the Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office to assist the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response in establishing chemical-specific health-related goals of
remedial actions. If applicable, chemical-specific subchronic and chronic
toxicity interim acceptable intakes are determined for systemic toxicants
or q(sub 1)* values are determined for carcinogens for both oral and
inhalation routes. A a(sub 1)* was determined for polychlorinated biphenyls
based on oral exposure.
-134-
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TITLE
AUTHOR
CORPORATE
SOURCE
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
NOTE
Hexachlorobenzene in Selected Marine Samples: An Environmental
Perspective
Phelps, D. K. ; Pruell, R. J. ; Lake, J. L.
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, RI.
PB85-237113/XAB (NTIS); EPA/600/D-85/139 (EPA)
Jul 85 30p
See also PB84-213099.
ABSTRACT
Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) was designated as a chemical of interest. A new
sample of mussel horaogenate was spiked with an authentic HCB standard.
Recovery of the spike was 56%. Re-examination of previously analyzed GC
chromatograms and archived samples revealed peaks that co-eluted with the
authentic HCB standard. Levels of HCB were at least three to four orders of
magnitude lower than PCBs; two orders of magnitude lower than pyrene; and
one to two orders of magnitude lower than either phenanthrene or
benzo(a)pyrene found in the same mur -1 samples. Gas chromatograms (EC
detection) of seawater (dissolves .nd particulate phases) and sediments
also reveal very low levels of HCB. Because GCMS results indicated that
levels of HCB were below the level of detection, it was not possible to
verify the presence of HCB using GCMS.
-135-
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TITLE
AUTHOR
CORPORATE
SOURCE
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
ABSTRACT
High Resolution PCS (Polychlorinated Biphenyls) Analysis
Safe, S. ; Mullin, M. ; Safe, L. ; Pochini, C. ; McCrindle, S.
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
PB83-246124 (NTIS); EPA-600/D-83-095 (EPA)
Aug 83 17p
The potential environmental and health impact of PCBs must account not
only for the integrated quantitation of the PCBs mixtures but also the
concentrations of the specific congeners which are potentially toxic. The
authors confirm the feasibility of high resolution PCB analysis of
commercial and environmental PCB mixtures. They anticipate using this
approach to accurately measure the concentrations of the specific PCB
isomers in environmental and biological samples and to determine the
effects of PCB structures on the ecological dynamics of this complex group
of chemicals.
TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
High Sensitivity Fourier Transform NMR. Intermolecular Interaction!
between Environmental Toxic Substances and Biological Macromolecules
(Rept. for 2 Oct 74-1 Oct 76) ~~
Levy, George C.
Florida State Univ., Tallahassee. Dept. of Chemistry.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle Park, N.C.
PB-274 011/6 (NTIS); EPA/600/1-77/045 (EPA)
EPA-803095 (EPA Contract Number)
Sep 77 96p
-136-
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ABSTRACT
This project explored the feasibility of developing new techniques for
evaluation of the effects of environmental toxic materials on complex
biopolymer systems using high sensitivity Fourier transform nuclear
magnetic resonance (nrar) spectroscopy. Commercial instrumentation available
in 1974-75 did not possess adequate sensitivity, and thus one goal of this
project was to increase spectral sensitivity, especially for the 13C and
other nuclides having low magnetogyric ratios. Initially, modifications to
an existing Bruker HX-270 spectrometer provided moderate improvement in
sensitivity for 13C and substantial sensitivity increase for 15N
observation. During the second (last) year of this grant, a new instrument
design was initiated. Several studies were begun to elucidate the nature of
chlorophenol interactions in liquids, and when incorporated into lecithin
bilayer membrane models. Variable frequency 13C spin lattice relaxation
time measurements were used to probe cooperativity of molecular chain
dynamics in some simple molecules and in two complex synthetic polymers. A
new theoretical modification involving a non-exponential autocorrelation
function and also allowing for multiple independent internal rotations,
allowed effective analysis of a large experimental set.
TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
NOTE
High-Resolution PCS (Polychlorinated biphenyls) Analysis; Synthesis and
Chromatographic Properties of All 209 PCS Congeners
(Journal article)
Mullin, M. D. ; Pochini, C. M. ; McCrindle, S. ; Romkes, M. ; Safe, S. H.
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Grosse He, MI. Large Lakes Research
Station.
Guelph Univ. (Ontario). Dept. of Chemistry.; Texas A and M
Univ., College Station. Dept. of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology.
PB84-213115 (NTIS); EPA-600/J-84-036 (EPA)
c!984 12p
Prepared in cooperation with ^uelph Univ. (Ontario). Dept. of Chemistry,
and Texas A and M Univ., College Station. Dept. of Veterinary Physiology
and Pharmacology.
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v!8 n6 p468-476 1984.
-137-
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ABSTRACT
This paper reports the synthesis and spectroscopic properties of all the
mono-, di-, tri-, tetra-, penta-, hexa- and heptachlorobiphenyls and
completes the synthesis of all 209 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). The
retention times and molar response factors of the 209 PCBs were determined
relative to a reference standard, octachloronaphthalene. The retention
times for these compounds generally increased with increasing chlorine
content, and it was apparent that within a series of isoraers there was an
increase in retention time with increasing meta and para and decreasing
ortho substitution. By use of a 50-m narrow bore fused silica capillary
column coated with SE-54, it was possible to separate 187 PCB congeners,
and only 11 pairs of compounds were not fully resolved. With some
additional analytical improvements, isomer-specific PCB analysis can be
utilized to determine the composition of commercial PCBs and accurately
follow the fate and distribution of these pollutants within the global
ecosystem. (Copyright (c) American Chemical Society 1984.)
TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
ABSTRACT
Hydrocarbons in Sediments and Benthic Organisms from a Dredge Spoil
Disposal Site in RI Sound ~ "
(Final rept.)
Boehm, Paul D. ; Quinn, James G.
Rhode Island Univ., Kingston. Graduate School of Oceanography.
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, R.I.
PB-276 732/5 (NTIS); EPA/600/3-77/092 (EPA)
EPA-R-803415 (EPA Contract Number)
Nov 77 49p
It is the purpose of this study to investigate the spatial distribution
of hydrocarbons both in upper Rhode Island Sound surface sediments and in
the commercially important shellfish from the area, the ocean quahog
(Acartia islandica). In doing so, an attempt is made to distinguish the
regular hydrocarbon geochemistry of Rhode Island Sound, defined by
background hydrocarbon distributions and inputs from Narragansett Bay and
adjacent coastal areas, from the input due to mobilization of hydrocarbons
from the deposited dredge spoil during the five years since the disposal
activity has ceased.
-138-
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TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT DATE
NOTE
REPORT NUMBER
ABSTRACT
Hydrocarbons, Polychorinated Diphenyls, and DDE in Mussels and Oysters
from the U.S. Coast - 1976-1978 - the Mussel Watch
(Technical rept.)
Farrington, John W. ; Risebrough, Robert W. ; Parker, Patrick L. ; Davis,
Alan C. ; de Lappe, Brock
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.; Andrew W.
Mellon Foundation, NY.
Oct 82 lllp
Also pub. as Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, MA. rept. no.
WHOI-82-42. Prepared in cooperation with California Univ., Bodega Bay.
Bodega Marine Lab., and Texas Univ. at Austin, Port Aransas. Marine Science
Inst. Sponsored in part by Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, NY.
PB83-133371 (NTIS); EPA-R-804215 (EPA Contract Number)
Mytilus edulis, Mytilus californianus, Crassostrea virginica and Ostrea
equestris were sampled at 90 to 100 stations around the United States
coastline during each of three years - 1976, 1977, 1978. Data for
concentrations of PCB, DDE, total hydrocarbons, gas chromatographically
unresolved complex mixture hydrocarbons, and selected aromatic hydrocarbons
are presented for most of the samples.
-139-
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TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFHOMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
Identification and Analysis of Polychlorinated Biphenyls and Other
Related Chemicals in Municipal Sewage Sludge Samples"
(Final rept. 6 Dec 76-5 Jun 77 on Task 4)
Erickson, Mitchell D. ; Pellizzari, Edo D.
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, N.C.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Toxic Substances.
PB-273 192/5 (NTIS); EPA/560/6-77/021 (EPA)
EPA-68-01-1978 (EPA Contract Number)
Aug 77 164p
Office of
ABSTRACT
Methods were developed for the extraction, clean-up and GC/MS analysis of
polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and related chemicals in municipal sludge
samples. Each of the sludge samples received from nine major United States
cities was processed to yield a neutral fraction and two acid fractions
which were methylated with dimethylsulfate and diazomethane, respectively.
Samples were cleaned up by silica gel column chromatography. A total of 35
chlorinated compounds were found in the full scan GC/MS analysis, including
polychlorobiphenyls, polychloronaphthalenes, polychloroaniline, polychloro-
benzene and DDE. Some chlorinated compounds remain unidentified.
TITLE
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
ABSTRACT
Identification of Chlorinated Insecticides in Fish for the Missouri Basin
Region ~~ ~~
Federal Water Quality Administration, Cincinnati, Ohio. Advanced Waste
Treatment Research Lab.
PB-264 901/0
1 Dec 70 20p
The Missouri Basin Region, FWQA requested assistance for the analysis of
a number of fish samples taken from the Nishnabotna River in Missouri.
Heptachlor, aldrin, heptachlor epoxide, gamma chlordane, dieldrin, and DDT
and its metabolites DDE and ODD were identified in samples of muscle tissue
and viscera from several species of fish taken from the Nishnabotna River.
While dieldrin was the most abundant chlorinated insecticide in almost all
of the samples, it did not appear at abnormally high levels, and usually
occurred in amounts three to four times greater than the other
insecticides.
-140-
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TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
NOTE
ABSTRACT
Identification of Hazardous Organir Chemicals in Fish from the Ashtabula
River, Ohio, and Wabash River. Indiana '
(Journal article^ ~ "
Kuehl, Douglas W. ; Leonard, Edward N. ; Welch, Kenneth J • Veith
Gilman D. ' '
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
PB81-165342 (NTIS); EPA-600/J-80-220 (EPA)
1980 9p
Pub. in Jnl.
P1238-1244 1980.
of Association of Official Analytical Chemists, v63 n6
Composite fish samples from the Wabash River, Indiana, and the Ashtabula
River, Ohio, were analyzed by conventional pesticide procedures for PCBs,
DDTs, chlordane components, and hexachlorobenzene. Additional aliquots of
each sample were processed by gel permeation chromatography and were
analyzed with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry by using both electron
impact and negative chemical ionization modes. These analyses resulted in
the identification of a series of chlorinated alkanes, chlorinated alkenes,
chlorinated alkylamines containing 2-5 carbons, and polychldrinated
styrenes in the Ashtabula River sample, and a series of chlorinated
norbornenes, pentachlorobenzyl alcohol, and pentachlorophenol in the Wabash
River sample.
-141-
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TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
NOTE
Identification of Organic Compounds in a Mutagenic Extract of a Surface
Drinking Water by a Computerized Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry
System (GC/MS/COMT ' ~~
(Journal article)
Coleman, W. Emile ; Melton, Robert G. ; Kopfler, Frederick C.
Karen A. ; Aurand, Theresa A.
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
PB81-165870 (NTIS); EPA-600/J-80-238 (EPA)
1980 15p
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, p576-588 May 80.
Barone,
ABSTRACT
The organics in a Cincinnati, Ohio drinking water sample were
concentrated by a reverse osmosis (RO) process. The diethyl ether soluble
extract of the RO concentrate which proved to be mutagenic in studies using
the Ames test, was partitioned into acid and base/neutral fractions. The
unpartitioned ethyl ether concentrate, an acid and methylated acid
fraction, the unpartitioned base/neutral extract, and five base/neutral
eluants from a silica gel microcolumn were analyzed for the presence of
organics using a computerized gas chroraatography/mass spectrometry system
(GC/MS/COM) equipped with glass capillary columns. Analysis of individual
fractions indicated a predominance of polychlorinax-tid biphenyls (PCBs) and
chlorinated aromatics in the second base/neutral partition and many
polynuclear aromatics (PNA) in the fourth base/neutral partition.
Approximately 460 compounds were identified in this tap water extract,
including 41 PNAs, 15 PCBs, and a number of amines, amides, and other
halogenated species.
-142-
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TITLE
CORPORATE
SOURCE
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
NOTE
ABSTRACT
Identification of Polychlorinated Blphenvls in the Presence of DDT-Type
Compounds ' •——- i-S—-
National Environmental Research Center, Cincinnati, Ohio. Analytical
Quality Control Lab.
PB-213 900/0 (NTIS); EPA-R2-72-004 (EPA)
EPA-68-01-0082 (EPA Contract Number)
Oct 72 66p
Paper copy available from GPO $1.25 as EP1.23/2:72-004.
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB's) interfere with gas chromatographic
analyses of DDT and related compounds, necessitating a simple indipendent
method for PCB determination. The purpose of the present study was to
determine the applicability of low temperature (77K) luminescence methods
to this problem. Basic studies included documentation of
excitation/emission spectra of 6 pesticides (p, p' - and o,p'- DDE, ODD,
and DDT), 7 PCB isomers, and 5 PCB mixtures (Aroclors). Although
phosphorescence spectra of the ODD and DDT compounds are very similar,
possible differences in lifetime and polarization measurements may aid in
differentiation. Low temperature luminescence studies in various binary
mixtures of Aroclor 1254 and p, p' -DDT indicate Aroclor 1254' may be
identified and quantitated in the presence of DDT concentrations 100X
greater.
TITLE
CORPORATE
REPORT NUMBERt
REPORT DATE
ABSTRACT
Identification of
Near-Terra Concern
(Final rept)
Selected Federal Activities Directed to Chemicals of
Environmental Protection Agency,
Substances.
Washington, D.C. Office of Toxic
PB-257 494/5 (NTIS); EPA/560/4-76/006 (EPA)
Jul 76 36p
This Report is intended to assist Federal agencies and other interested
organizations obtain current information on the on-going activities of EPA
directed to selected chemicals of near-terra concern. In addition to
identifying the principal EPA programs related to these chemicals, the
Report also includes significant activities of other organizations when
that information is available.
-143-
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TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
ABSTRACT
Impact of High Chemical Contaminant Concentrations on Terrestrial and
Aquatic Ecosystems: A State-of-the-Art Review
(Final rept. Sep 82-Sep 83)
Thibodeaux, L. J. ; Wolf, D. C.
Arkansas Univ., Fayetteville.
Davis, M.
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
PB84-220292 (NTIS); EPA-600/3-84-075
EPA-R-810480 (EPA Contract Number)
Jul 84 120p
(EPA)
The state-of-the-art of available methods for predicting the effects of
high chemical concentrations on the properties, processes, functions,
cycles, and responses of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems was reviewed.
Environmental problems associated with high chemical concentrations can
occur in soil and water at landfills; landfarms; spill sites; and sites
where chemicals were produced, used, stored, or discarded. Considerable
information is available on effects of trace chemical contaminants, such as
pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, chlorinated hydrocarbons, and metal
ions, in the respective ecosystems. Predictive techniques are becoming
available to describe transport and transformation of such contaminants
and, thus, their fate and distribution in certain components of the
environment. Present predictive methods and models that trace transport and
transformation of chemical species are based on 'natural1 soil and water
properties such as density, porosity, infiltration, permeability,
viscosity, hydrophobicity, and diffusivity.
-144-
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TITLE
AUTHOR
CORPORATE
SOURCE
REPORT DATE
NOTE
ABSTRACT
Induction of Adenofibrosis and Hepatomas of the Liver in BALB/cJ Mice by
Polychlorinated Biphenyls (Aroclor~T2l4l
(Journal Article)
Kimbrough, Renate D. ; Linder, Ralph E.
Environmental Protection Agency, Chamblee, Ga. Chamblee Toxicology Lab.
18 Apr 74 6p
Pub. in Jnl. of the National Cancer Inst., v53 n2 p547-772, Aug 74.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology. Group 16 *PB-280
830. (Order as PB-280 830 from NTIS).
Two groups of 50 BALB/cj inbred male mice were fed 300 ppm of a
polychlorinated biphenyl, Aroclor 1254, in the diet for 11 and 6 months,
respectively. The 6 months' feeding was followed by 5 months' recovery. Two
additional groups of 50 mice each were fed plain chow. All 22 surviving
mice fed Aroclor 1254 for 11 months had greatly enlarged livers
representing 25% of their body weight, whereas those fed the experimental
diet for 6 months only had slightly, but significantly, enlarged livers.
Adenofibrosis was observed in all 22 livers of mice fed Aroclor 1254 for 11
months but not in the other groups. Of the 22 mice fed 300 ppm Aroclor 1254
for 11 months, 9 had 10 hepatomas measuring 0.1-1.5 cm in diameter. One of
24 surviving mice fed Aroclor 1254 for only 6 months, followed by a .control
diet for 5 months, had a hepatoma 0.3 cm in diameter. No controls had
hepatomas.
-145-
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TITLE
CORPORATE
SOURCE
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
ABSTRACT
Industry Views
and Capacitors
(Final rept)
on the Use of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Transformers
Environmental Protection Agency,
Substances.
Washington, D.C. Office of Toxic
PB-255 899/7 (NTIS); EPA/560/4-76/003 (EPA)
Jun 76 41p
Statements presented by representative manufacturers and users of PCB's
and PCB containing products at meetings with the EPA Administrator have
been compiled. Industry outlines its plans for discontinuing the use of
PCB's, but presents summarizations of the problems with the phasing out of
capacitor and transformer manufacture. The report represents a consultative
step in meeting
products.
the EPA goal of banning the use of PCB's in all new
TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
Interactive Effects of Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Their Derivatives, and
Heavy Metals in Marine Fish
Gruger, Jr., Edward H. ; Hawkes, Joyce W. ; Malins, Donald C.
National Marine Fisheries Service, Seattle, WA. Northwest and Alaska
Fisheries Center.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of
Research and Development.
PB 82-119561 (NTIS); EPA-600/7-81-128 (EPA)
Jul 81 121p
ABSTRACT
Marine organisms living in environments containing toxic chemicals are
often exposed simultaneously to many different classes of compounds, which
collectively pose a different threat of toxicological effects than is posed
separately by the individual compounds. The present research was directed
toward elucidating the effect of xenobiotics which alter the metabolism and
toxicity of aromatic hydrocarbons by marine fish (salmon and flounder), as
evinced through biochemical changes and altered cellular morphology. The
xenobiotics used included petroleum aromatic hydrocarbons, chlorinated
biphenyls, p-cresol, cadmium and lead.
-146-
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TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
Interim Guidelines for the Disposal/Destruction of PCBs and PCB Items by
Non-Thermal Methods " ~ •——
(Rept. for Sep 80-Jul 81)
Sworzyn, E. M. ; Ackerman, D. G.
TRW, Inc., Redondo Beach, CA.
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Triangle Park
NC.
PB82-217498 (NTIS); EPA-60/2-82-069 (EPA)
EPA-68-02-3174 (EPA Contract Number)
Apr 82 177p
ABSTRACT
The report is an interim resource and guideline document to help EPA
regional offices implement the polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) regulations
(40 CFR 761) for using non-thermal methods of destroying/disposing of PCBs.
The report describes and evaluates various alternative chemical, physical,
and biological PCB removal ind/or destruction technologies, including:
carbon adsorption; catalytic dehydrochlorination; chlorinolysis;
sodium-based dechlorination; photolytic and microwave plasma desCruction;
catalyzed wet-air oxidation; and activated sludge, trickling filter, and
other bacterial methods. The alternative technologies were evaluated using
technical, regulatory, environmental impact, economic, and energy criteria.
Because the technologies investigated are in various stages of development
(only sodium-based dechlorination is available commercially), data
deficiencies exist and good engineering judgment was used to supplement
available quantitative information. Of the technologies evaluated, many
show potential for >90% PCB destruction with minimum environmental impact
and low-to-moderate economic cost. These technologies are: catalytic
dehydrochlorination, sodium-based dechlorination, and photolytic and
microwave plasma processes.
-147-
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TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
NOTE
ABSTRACT
International Study of 'Artemia' VIII. Comparison of the Chlorinated
Hydrocarbons and Heavy Metals in Five Different Strains of Newly HatTched
'Artemia' and a Laboratory-Reared Marine Fish~~
(Book chapter)
Olney, Charles E. ; Schauer, Paul S. ; McLean, Scott ; Lu, You ; Simpson
Kenneth L. '
Rhode Island Univ., Kingston. Dept. of Food Science and Technology.
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, RI.
PB82-180472 (NTIS); EPA-600/D-82-219 (EPA)
EPA-R-803818 (EPA Contract Number)
1980 12P
Pub. in The Brine Shrimp 'Artemia'. 1980. Volume 3. Ecology, Culturing,
Use in Aquaculture (Universa Press, Wetteren, Belgium), p343-352.
Newly hatched nauplii of Artemia from Brazil, Australia, Italy, and the
United States (Utah and San Pablo Bay, California) were analyzed for
chlorinated hydrocarbons. The Brazil and Australia nauplii contained very
low levels of PCB and chlorinated insecticides. Italian nauplii contained
the highest levels of HCB, BHCs and DDTs, while San Pablo nauplii were
highest in chlordanes, dieldrin and PCBs. With the exception of 188 ppb
pp-DDT in Italy nauplii, none of the residues exceeded 100 ppb on a wet
weight basis. Attempts to correlate nauplii residue levels with the
survival of laboratory-reared marine fish and crabs disclose no obvious
component(s) which could totally account for the poorer performance of the
Utah and San Pablo strains. Twelve metals, including copper, lead, and
cadmium, were measured by atomic absorption and neutron activation
analysis.
TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
Intrauterine Exposure of Human Newborns to PCBs (Polychlorinated
Biphenyls); Measures of Exposure "
Jacobson, S. W. ; Jacobson, J. L. ; Schwartz, P. M. ; Feng, G. G.
Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor. School of Public Health.
-148-
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SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
ABSTRACT
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
PB84-210061; EPA-600/D-84-162
EPA-R-808520 (EPA Contract Number)
Jun 84 33p
The purpose of the present paper is two-fold: (1) to summarize what is
known about the pre- and postnatal effects of an especially ubiquitous
chemical compound, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs); and (2) to examine
empirically some of the linkages proposed in an analytic model of PCB
exposure in human infants. The linkages of interest are those between the
source of contamination and the exposure of mother and infant. The present
data are consistent with the notion that PCBs move through the environment
and the human body into systems which may potentially threaten the infant
both before and after birth. At this time it is not clear which of these
exposures—prenatal (intrauterine) or postnatal (via breast milk)—has the
greater impact on infant development. While the absolute quantity of PCB
residues is substantially lower in cord serum than in breast milk, the
fetal organism is particularly vulnerable during the prenatal period. One
factor that has been overlooked in this debate is the size of the fetus.
When PCB exposure is calculated on the basis of body weight, the infant's
prenatal exposure is substantial.
TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
NOTE
Intrauterine Exposure of Humans to PCBs (Polychlorinated Biphenyls)
Newborn Effects ~ ~
Fein, G. ; Jacobson, J. L. ; Jacobson, S. W. ; Schwarz, P.
Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor. School of Public Health.
Wayne State Univ., Detroit, MI. Dept. of Psychology.;
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
PB84-188887 (NTIS); EPA-600/3-84-060 (EPA)
EPA-R-808520 (EPA Contract Number)
84 89p
Prepared in coooperation with Wayne State Univ., Detroit, MI. Dept.
Psychology.
of
-149-
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ABSTRACT
The effect of low-level chronic exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls
(PCBs) from consumption of Lake Michigan fish was assessed in .pregnant
women and their newborn offspring. Low levels of PCBs remain in the human
body for some time, and caused, in this sample, decreases in birth weight,
head circumference, and gestational age of the newborn. PCBs appeared to be
transmitted to the infants prior to birth through the maternal serum, and
after birth through breast milk. Behavioral deficiencies were observed in
the infants exposed to PCBs both in autonomic immaturity and depressed
responsiveness.
TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT'DATE
ABSTRACT
Investigation of Chlorinated and Nonchlorinated Compounds in the Lower
Fox River Watershed ~ ~ ' —
(Final rept.)
Ball, Joseph ; Priznar, Francis ; Peterman, Paul
Wisconsin Dept. of Natural Resources, Madison. Water Quality Evaluation
Section.
Great Lakes
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL.
National Program Office.
PB-292 818/2 (NTIS); EPA/905/3-78/004 (EPA)
EPA-68-01-4186 (EPA Contract Number)
Sep 78 235p
This report concerns the existence, source and fate of chlorinated and
non-chlorinated organic compounds in the Lower Fox River of Wisconsin. Raw
and treated wastewaters, surface water, seston, snowmelt, sediment, fish
and clams were sampled. A total of 105 compounds were identified and an
additional 20 compounds were characterized by GC/MS. Twenty identified
compounds are on the U.S. EPA Consent Decree Priority Pollutant List. The
study shows PCBs and some other chloro-organics in effluents are reduced by
efficient suspended solids removal. It is possible, but not proven, that
some chloro-organics are formed by process or effluent chlorination. ' Clams
were found to rapidly bioaccumulate PCBs. Fish fillet samples contained PCB
concentrations up to 90 mg/kg. Sediments throughout most of the river were
found to be contaminated with PCBs. An extensive bibliography is included.
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TITLE
AUTHOR
CORPORATE
SOURCE
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
NOTE
ABSTRACT
Investigation of Measuring Method of Prn ±n Gas Phase (Klso PCB Sokuteiho
no Kento) •
Abe, T. ; Sone, M.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, N.C. Translation
Services Section.
PB-258 667-T (NTIS); EPA-TR-76-542 (EPA)
Apr 74 lOp
Trans, of Miyagi-Ken Kogai Gijutsu Senta Hokoku (Japan) n2 P24-27 Apr 74.
Polychlorobenzene (PCB) contents in the exhausted gas from garbage
combustion and in the air were measured. For the former, the exhaust gas
was sucked from the duct directly by a pump and passed through two mist
traps which were maintained at 0 and -78 C and through an n-hexane trap at
-78 C. The PCB in the three traps was pooled and n-hexane was separated
from water by a fractionating funnel and then concentrated by a KD
concentrator, purified by fluorigel column, and finally analyzed by gas
chromatography quantitatively and qualitatively. Air was sucked by high
volume air sampler for 24 hr and dust collected on filter paper was
extracted into 100 ml of n-hexane for 4 or 5 hr. This was concentrated by
KD concentrator to 5 ml and analyzed by gas chromatography after
purification by fluorigel column.
TITLE
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
REPORT DATE
NOTE
ABSTRACT
Iowa Department of Environmental Quality 1976-1977
(Annual rept) ~~ " "
Iowa Dept. of Environmental Quality, Des Moines.
1978 29p
See also PB-266 949.
The Iowa Department of Environmental Quality's Annual Report for fiscal
year 1976-77 is organized into three major program areas: Air Quality Land
Quality and Water Quality. Activities of each area are reviewed along with
goals for the future. The Department's organizational structure and
financial summary complete the report.
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TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
NOTE
ABSTRACT
Kinetics of the Reactions of Naphthalene and Blphenyl with OH Radicals
and with 03 at 294 + or - 1 K " '
(Journal article)
Atkinson, R. ; Aschmann, S. M. ; Pitts, J. N.
California Univ., Riverside. Statewide Air Pollution Research Center.
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Triangle Park
NC.
PB85-243921 (NTIS); EPA/600/J-84/325 (EPA)
c!984 5p
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology 18, n2 pi 10-113 1984.
Naphthalene and biphenyl are the simplest members of the polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbons and the polyphenyls, respectively. In addition,
biphenyl is the parent compound of the chlorine and bromine substituted
biphenyls. However, these bicyclic aromatics are of a sufficiently low
volatility to make experimental measurements of their gas phase reactions
and atmospheric lifetimes and fates difficult. In this work rate constants
for the gas phase reactions of OH radicals and 03 with naphthalene and
biphenyl have been determined under atmospheric conditions at 294 + or - 1
K. These data are discussed in terms of the environmental lifetimes for
these aromatic hydrocarbons and available techniques for the study of the
gas phase reactions of low volatility organics are discussed.
-152-
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TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
ABSTRACT
Laboratory Evaluation of High-Temperature Destruction of Polychlorinated
Biphenyls and Related Compounds ~ ~
Duvall, D. S. ; Rubey, W. A.
Dayton Univ., Ohio. Research Inst.
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati, Ohio.
PB-279 139/0 (NTIS) EPA/600/2-77/228 (EPA)
EPA-R-803540 (EPA Contract Number)
Dec 77 74p
A specialized laboratory technique incorporating a two-stage quartz
system was used for determining the thermal destruction properties of PCB's
and related compounds. With this system, a small sample was first converted
to the gas phase, then exposed to high-temperature destruction conditions.
Critical parameters of temperature and residence time were accurately
measured. When PCB's were exposed for one second to
series of
high-temperature air environments, it was found that initial decomposition
occurred at approximately 640C; greater than 95% molecular destruction was
obtained at 740C; and 99.995% molecular destruction was found at 1000C.
Also, it was determined that PCB's (and certain related compounds)
thermally decompose to low molecular weight products, as yet unidentified.
TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
Lake Michigan Fish Consumption as a Source of Polychlorinated Biphenyls
in Human Cord Serum, Maternal Serum, and Milk
(Journal article)
Schwartz, P. M. ; Jacobson, S. W. ; Fein, G. ; Jacobson, J. L. ; Price,
H. A. '
Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor. School of Public Health.
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
PB84-101534 (NTIS); EPA-600/J-83-041 (EPA)
EPA-R-808520 (EPA Contract Number)
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REPORT DATE
NOTE
ABSTRACT
c!983 7p
Pub. in American Jnl. of Public Health, v73 n3 p293-296 1983.
Not available NTIS.
Reported consumption of Lake Michigan sport fish was examined in relation
to the levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in biological samples
provided by a sample of maternity patients. Fish consumption was correlated
with PCB levels in maternal serum and milk but not in cord serum. PCB
levels in serum increased with age, but were unrelated to social class,
parity, or weight. Women who breast fed consumed as much fish as women who
did not and their maternal and cord sera PCB levels were similar.
TITLE
Levels of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Adipose Tissue of the General
Population of the Nation ~~ ~~
AUTHOR Yobs, Anne R.
CORPORATE SOURCE Environmental Protection Agency, Chamblee, Ga.
REPORT NUMBER PB-276-330/8 (NTIS)
REPORT DATE Apr 72 3p
NOTE pub. in Environmental Health Perspectives, nl p79-81, Apr 72.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Pesticide Content in Food and
Man, PB-276 326. Order as PB-276 326 from NTIS.
ABSTRACT
Polychlorinated biphenyls have been found in measurable amounts in 31.1%
of 637 samples of human adipose tissue collected from the general
population as a part of the Human Monitoring Survey. Sample collection
involved 18 States and the District of Columbia. Positive samples were
obtained from every State sampled.
TITLE
AUTHOR
CORPORATE
SOURCE
REPORT NUMBER
Light Microscopy and Ultrastructure of Liver of Rats Fed Polychlorinated
Biphenyls~"'
Kimbrough, Renate D. ; Linder, Ralph E. ; Gaines, Thomas B.
Environmental Protection Agency, Chamblee, Ga. Office of Pesticides
Programs.
PB-277 597/1 (NTIS)
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REPORT DATE
NOTE
ABSTRACT
1972 Ip
Pub. in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 22(2) P315-316, Jun 72.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology. Group 1 PB-277
586. Order as PB-277 586 from NTIS.
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) are widely distributed in the
environment. Two PCB were fed to groups of 10 male and 10 female weanling
Sherman strain rats in their diet at levels of 0, 20, 100, and 500 ppm
Aroclor 1254 and 0, 20, 100, 500, and 1000 ppm Aroclor 1260 for 8 mo. The
livers of all rats exposed to the Aroclors weighed more than those of the
controls. This difference was significant for all exposed male rats (p <
0.025) and for the females fed 500 ppm of either compound.
TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
NOTE
Management of Bottom Sediments Containing Toxic Substances, Proceedings
of the U.S.-Japan Experts' Meeting (5th) Held at New Orleans, Louisiana~~on
November 1979~~~
Peterson, Spencer A. ; Randolph, Karen K.
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Inst., Bethesda, MD.
PB81-173825 (NTIS); EPA-600/9-80-044 (EPA)
Sep 80 277p
See also report dated Jul 77, PB-272 684.
ABSTRACT
This report is the compilation of papers presented at the Fifth United
States-Japan Experts Meeting on the Management of Bottom Sediments
Containing Toxic Substances, one of the 10 identified areas.
TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
Manual of Analytical Quality Control for Pesticides and Related Compounds
in Human and Environmental Samples " " ~
Sherma, Joseph
Lafayette Coll., Easton, PA. Dept. of Chemistry.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC.
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REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
NOTE
PB81-222721; (NTIS); EPA-600/2-81-059 (EPA)
EPA-68-02-2474 (EPA Contract Number)
Apr 81 468p
See also Jan 79, PB-298 711.
ABSTRACT
This manual provides the pesticide chemisu with a systematic protocol for
the quality control of analytical procedures and the problems that arise in
the analysis of human or environmental media. It also serves as a guide to
the latest and most reliable methodology available for the analysis of
pesticide residues in these and other sample matrices. The sections dealing
with inter- and intra-laboratory quality control, the evaluation and
standardization of materials used, and the operation of the gas
chromatograph are intended to highlight and provide advice in dealing with
many problems which constantly plague the pesticide analytical chemist.
Many aspects of the problem areas involved in extraction and isolation
techniques for pesticides in various types of samples are discussed.
Techniques for confirming the presence or absence of pesticides in sample
materials are treated at some length. This highly important area provides
validation of data obtained by the more routine analytical procedures. The
gas chromatograph, being the principal instrument currently used in
pesticide analysis, often requires simple servicing or troubleshooting. A
section addressing some of these problems is included. Last, but by no
means least in importance, is a short dissertation of the value and need
for systematic training programs for pesticide chemists.
TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
NOTE
Manual of Analytical Quality Control for Pesticides and Related Compounds
in Human and Environmental Samples. A Compendium of Systematic Procedures
Designed to Assist in the Prevention and Control of Analytical Problems
Sherma, Joseph ; Beroza, Morton
Lafayette Coll., Easton, PA. Dept. of Chemistry.
Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington, DC.;
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC. Environmental
Toxicology Div.
PB-298 711/3 (NTIS) EPA/600/1-79/008 (EPA)
EPA-68-02-2474 (EPA Contract Number)
Jan 79 A13p
Revision of report dated Feb 76, PB-261 019. Prepared in cooperation
with Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington, DC.
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ABSTRACT
This manual provides the pesticide chemist with a systematic protocol for
the quality control of analytical procedures and the problems that arise in
the analysis of human or environmental media. It also serves as a guide to
the latest and most reliable methodology available for the analysis of
pesticide residues in these and other sample matrices. The sections dealing
with inter- and intra-laboratory quality control, the evaluation and
standardization of materials used, and the operation of the gas
chromatograph are intended to highlight and provide advice in dealing with
many problems which constantly plague the pesticide analytical chemist.
Many aspects of the problem areas involved in extraction and isolation
techniques for pesticides in various types of samples are discussed.
Techniques for confirming the presence or absence of pesticides in sample
materials are treated at some length. This highly important area provides
validation of data obtained by the more routine analytical procedures. The
gas chromatograph, being the principal instrument currently used in
pesticide analysis, often requires simple servicing or troubleshooting. A
section addressing some of these problems is included. Last, but by no
means least in importance, is a short dissertation of the value and need
for systematic training programs for pesticide chemists.
TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
NOTE
Maximum Utilization of Water Resources in a Planned Community:
Contributions of Refractory Compounds by a Developing Community
(Final rept. Sep 73-Dec 76) ~~ ~
Fisher, F. M.
Rice Univ., Houston, TX. Dept. of Biology.
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
PB81-112880 (NTIS); EPA-600/2-80-113 (EPA)
EPA-802433 (EPA Contract Number)
Aug 80 82p
See also PB80-116205.
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ABSTRACT
Water, soil and biotic components from a natural drainage system in the
Woodlands, a developing community in Texas, were assayed for halogenated
compounds. PCB's were highest during year one (about 350 ppb in soil and
animal samples) and diminished to 1/10 of those values during the second
and third years of study. The highest residue values were coincident with
the period of development when cut and fill operations, roadbed
construction, and service installation were being effected. Mirex and
chlordane were found in soil, water, and organisms from the drainage system
around the golf course. These were also observed compounds in mosquitofish
collected from the same area. Both compounds entered lakes by storm water
and/or washed in by returning irrigation water from the golf course.
Organisms from a stream which received storm waters from the lakes
contained less insecticide than the golf course sampling.
TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
NOTE
ABSTRACT
Measurement of Fugitive Atmospheric Emissions of Polychlorinated
Biphenyls from Hazardous Waste Landfills"—
(Journal article)
Lewis, R. G. ; Martin, B. E. ; Sgontz, D. L. ; Howes, J. E.
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab.,
NC.
Research Triangle Park,
PB86-136215 (NTIS); EPA/600/J-85/243 (EPA)
EPA-68-02-3745 (EPA Contract Number)
c!985 7p
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v!9 nlO p986-991 Oct 85.
Not available from NTIS.
Four landfills known to contain large quantities of polychlorinated
biphenyls (PCBs) were monitored for atmospheric emissions: Three of these
were uncontrolled and contained large numbers of electrical capacitors,
many of which were scattered on the surface and leaking PCB askarel fluids!
The other is a state-of-the-art PCB waste landfill designed to exceed the
requirements of the Toxic Substances Control Act of 1978 (ToSCA) for PCB
disposal. High atmospheric PCB concentrations were measured at the
uncontrolled sites, while air levels were at or near background at the
ToSCA-designed landfill. PCBs were detected at low levels in gas vents at
the latter site.
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TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
Measurement of PCB Emissions from ComhugMon Sources
(Final rept. Dec 76-Dec 78T
Levins, P. L. ; Rechsteiner, C. E. ; Stauffer, J. L.
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, MA.
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Triangle Park
NC.
PB-293 360/4 (NTIS); EPA/600/7-79/047 (EPA)
EPA-68-02-2150 (EPA Contract Number)
Feb 79 90p
ABSTRACT
The report describes a gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric (GC/MS)
procedure that overcomes problems encountered when using GC procedures
(previously used to determine polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in solids
and water) on emissions from combustion sources. The GC/MS procedure, which
relies on selected mass scanning in restricted regions of the
chromatograms, was developed because in the combustion process the
distribution pattern of the individual PCBs changes, rendering invalid the
pattern matching approach used with the gas chromatographic/electron
capture detection (GC/ECD) method.
-159-
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TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
ABSTRACT
Measurement of Polycyclic Organic Materials and Other Hazardous Organic
Compounds in Stack Gases - State of the Art~
(Interim rept. Oct 76-Jan 77)
Jones, Peter W. ; Wilkinson, JoAnn E. ; Strup, Paul E.
Battelle Columbus Labs., Ohio.
Environmental Sciences Research Lab.,
N.C.
Research Triangle Park,
PB-274 013/2 (NTIS); EPA/600/2-77/202 (EPA)
EPA-68-02-2547 (EPA Contract Number)
Oct 77 71p
This report documents and reviews state-of-the-art methods for the
measurement of polycyclic organic matter (POM) and other hazardous organic
materials which are present in industrial stack emissions. Measurement
methods for many hazardous compounds, such as POM and nitrosamines, are
presented and, where specific methods have not been previously reported,
the sections dealing with recommended methods provide useful guidance!
Individual chapters are devoted to analytical methodology and stationary
source sampling methodology, although an effective measurement strategy
demands input from each protocol. An attempt is made to present a unified
approach to hazardous organic emission measurement so that future studies
may benefit through more realistic intercomparisons and more precise and
accurate measurements.
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TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
NOTE
ABSTRACT
Menomonee River Pilot Watershed
Recommendations'"
Study.
Volume
summary
(Final rept. May 74-Dec 79)
Chesters, Gordon ; Konrad, John G. ; Simsiman, G. V.
Wisconsin Univ.-Madison. Water Resources Center.
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago,
National Program Office.
PB81-209900 (NTIS); EPA-905/4-79-020-A (EPA) Dec 79
EPA-R-005142 (EPA Contract Number)
Dec. '79 91P
IL. Great Lakes
91p
Prepared in cooperation with Wisconsin Dept. of Natural Resources
Madison, and Southeastern Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission, Waukesha.
This project was in support of the U.S./Canada Great Lakes water quality
agreement. The objectives are described under the reference—Pollution from
Land Use Activities Reference Group (PLUARG). This work was done under Task
C of the work plan. Several special study areas within the Menomonee River
Watershed were sampled, analyzed, and evaluated. The water quality was
measured, both surface and groundwater. Air deposition was measured'to see
how the quality of atmospheric inputs effected the water quality of the
surface runoff.
TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
Metals» Pesticides. and PCBs; Toxicities to Shrimp Singly and in
Combination " ~• s
(Final rept.)
Nimmo, DelWayne R. ; Bahner, Lowell H.
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, Fla.
REPORT NUMBER PB-268 681/4 (NTIS); EPA/600/J-76-070 (EPA)
-161-
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REPORT DATE
NOTE
ABSTRACT
1976 12p
Pub. in Estuarine Processes;
Estuary, vl, p523-531 1976.
Not available NTIS.
Uses, Stresses and Adaptation to the
The objective of the study was to assess potential deleterious effects of
certain toxicants, singly and in combination, to penaeid shrimp. In nature,
these shrimp are exposed to combinations of toxicants from industrial and
municipal out-falls, from agricultural runoff or from dredge-and-fill
operations. The combined toxicities of methoxychlor and cadmium to penaeid
shrimp, Penaeus duorarum, were either independent or additive, and varied
with the method(s) of bioassay. Conclusions were based on the results of
10-, 25- and 30-day bioassays conducted with the toxicants added singly or
in combination to flowing water of constant salinity and temperature.
Cadmium, but not methoxyclor, was accumulated by shrimp and methoxychlor
appears to influence the processes of accumulation or loss of cadmium from
tissues of shrimp.
TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
ABSTRACT
Method Development for Determination of Polychlorinated Hydrocarbons in
Municipal Sludge~"~
(Final rept.)
Rodriquez, Charles F. ; McMahon, William A. ; Thomas, Richard E.
Southwest Research Inst., San Antonio, TX.
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
PB82-23A071 (NTIS); EPA-600/4-82-035 (EPA)
EPA-68-03-2606 (EPA Contract Number)
Apr 82 72p
This report describes the work performed and the conclusions obtained
from a study on the development of a method for analysis of municipal
sewage sludge for chlorinated pesticides and biphenyls. The methodology
developed consists of extraction of the polychlorinated compounds by
liquid-liquid partitioning, cleanup by removal of some interferences on a
liquid chromatographic column and by precipitation of sulfur with mercury,
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concentration by evaporation of the extracting solvent, detection and
quantification by electron capture gas chromatography, and confirmation of
identity by gas chroraatography/mass spectrometry. The methodology developed
was determined to provide a sound basis for the determination of
polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides in municipal sewage
treatment facilities. The detection limit attained by application of the
methodology to a number of different sludge and 3 to 15 microgram per gram
dry sludge for the mu.lticomponent polychlorinated formulations studied
chlordane, toxaphene, and Arochlor 1260. '
TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
ABSTRACT
Method Development for Determination of Polychlorinated Hydrocarbons in
Municipal Sludge " " ' —
(Final rept.)
Rodriguez, Charles F. ; McMahon, William A. ; Thomas, Richard E.
Southwest Research Inst., San Antonio, TX.
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
PB80-198401 (NTIS); EPA-600/2-80-029 (EPA)
EPA-68-03-2606 (EPA Contract Number)
Mar 80 75p
The method provides a procedure for analysis of pesticides and PCB's in
municipal sludge. The method includes extraction by a centrifuge technique
of the chlorinated compounds from the sludge matrix; clean-up of the
extract to remove interferences by sulfur precipitation as mercury sulfide
and by gel permeation of florisil chromatography; quantitation of the
chlorinated compounds by an electron capture detector with GC
chromatrography; and confirmation of the chlorinated compounds by
GC/MS/computer. The method provides confirmation of single component
pesticides at 0/3 rag of pesticide per Kg of sludges. The recommended
extracting solvent is 15% raethylene chloride, 2% acetone and 83% hexane.
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TITLE
AUTHOR
Methodology for Measurement of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Ambient Air
and Stationary Sources - A Review''
(Final rept.)
Margeson, John H.
CORPORATE SOURCE Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Research Triangle Park, N.C.
Quality Assurance Branch.
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
ABSTRACT
PB-269 350/5 (NTIS); EPA/600/4-77/021 (EPA)
Apr 77 39p
The state of development of methodology for measurement of
polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in ambient air and stationary sources was
reviewed. The most promising method for ambient air measurements involves
collection of PCBs on polyurethane foam, extraction with an organic
solvent, removal of interferences by colum chromatography, and confirmation
and analysis by electron-capture gas chromatography. Quantitation by
perchlorination of PCBs to decachlorobipheny (DCB) is the most promising
quantitation technique, but the procedure has not yet been perfected to the
points are quantitatively converted to DCB. Perfection of this technique
should allow for significant improvement in the quality of ambient PCB data
being generated. Source and ambient methods differ mainly in sampling. Work
on methodology fo- stationary sources is in the early stages of development
and futher investigations are needed. The report contains 56 references.
TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
Methods for Determining the Polychlorinated Biphenyl Emissions from
Incineration and Capacitor and Transformer Filling Plants
(Final rept.)
Haile, Clarence L. ; Baladi, Emile
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, Mo.
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SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
ABSTRACT
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Research Triangle
Park, N.C.
PB-276 745/7 (NTIS); EPA/600/4-77/048 (EPA)
EPA-68-02-1780 (EPA Contract Number)
Nov 77 94p
Described are methods to measure the polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)
emissions from the stacks of municipal waste, industrial waste, and sewage
sludge incinerators and from capacitor and transformer filling plants. The
PCB emissions from the incineration plants are collected by impingement in
water and adsorption on Florisil. The samples are extracted with hexane,
concentrated through evaporation of the solvent, perchlorinated, and the
polychlorinated biphenyl content measured as the decachlorinated isomer
using a gas chromatograph equipped with a flame ionization detector. The
PCB emissions from the capacitor and transformer filling plants are
collected directly on Florisil, extracted with hexane and quantified
against the appropriate Aroclor using a gas chromatograph. The methods were
developed from laboratory studies and field tested at nine incineration
plants and two transformer filling plants.
TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
NOTE
Methods of Analysis for By-Product PCBs-Literature Review and Preliminary
Recommendations" ~~ " ' •
(Interim rept. no. 1, Mar-Apr 82)
Erickson, Mitchell D. ; Stanley, John S.
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, MO.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Toxic
Substances.
PB83-126573 (NTIIS); EPA-560/5-82-005 (EPA)
EPA-68-01-5915 (EPA Contract Number)
12 Oct 82 138p
See also PB83-127696.
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\BSTRACT
A review of the literature on polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) analysis and
recommendations for methods to determine by-product PCBs in commercial
products and other matrices is presented. This report was prepared to
assist EPA in formulating a rule regulating by-product PCBs. The published
literature on PCB analysis is critically reviewed. Several hundred
references are cited in a bibliography. The review if subdivided into
extraction, cleanup, determination, data reduction, confirmation,
screening, quality assurance, and by-product analysis sections. The
determination section includes TLC, HPLC, GC (PGC and CGC), GC detectors
(ECD, FID, HECD, EIMS, and other MS) and nonchromatographic analytical
methods (NMR, IR, electrochemistry, NAA, and RIA). Techniques applicable to
analysis of commercial products, air, and water for by-product PCBs are
discussed. The final section of this report presents a recommended overall
primary analytical scheme.
TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
.PONSOR
REPORT 'NUMBER
REPORT DATE
ABSTRACT
Methods/Materials Matrix of Ultimate Disposal Techniques for Spilled
Hazardous Materials
(Final rept. 15 Feb 77-7 Jul 80)
Mercer, B. W. ; Dawson, G. W. ; McNeese, J. A. ; Baker, E. G.
Battelle Pacific Northwest Labs., Richland, WA.
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
PB85-116853/XAB (NTIS); EPA/600/2-84/170 (EPA)
EPA-68-01-2494 (EPA Contract Number)
Oct 84 130p
A study was undertaken to evaluate conventional and novel methods for the
ultimate disposal of spilled or released hazardous substances. Disposal
methods studied include incineration, pyrolysis, landfilling, fixation,
biological treatment, and chemical treatment. Applications of and problems
associated with each of these disposal methods are discussed. Special
emphasis is given to spills of highly toxic and persistent hazardous
materials. An annotated matrix was prepared to provide a full assessment of
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conventional disposal options for each class of hazardous material and for
mixtures thereof. The hazardous materials are grouped according to
physical/chemical properties and placed in juxtaposition with the form
(liquid, sludge) or composition of the spill residue containing the
hazardous material (e.g., mixtures with water, grass, sand, debris etc.)
The disposal options are priority-ranked for each given set of conditions.
The annotation describes each disposal option and evaluates the influence
of spill-situation parameters on the disposal method with regard to
effectiveness, cost, safety, availability of equipment and materials, and
short and long-term hazards. Deficiencies in conventional disposal methods,
such as secured landfills, are identified. An amended matrix, which
supplements the matrix based solely on conventional methods, includes novel
disposal methods that show strong potential for filling some of the gaps in
existing disposal technology.
TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
.(EPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
Microeconomic Impacts of the Proposed 'PCB Ban Regulations
(Final task rept.)
Westin, Robert ; Fourt, Louis ; Berkey, David ; Woodcock, Bruce
Versar, Inc., Springfield, Va.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Planning and Management.
PB-281 881/3 (NTIS); EPA/560/6-77-035 (EPA)
EPA-68-01-4771 (EPA Contract Number)
16 May 78 147p
Office of
ABSTRACT
This report summarizes the estimated economic impacts of the PCB Ban
Regulations which are being proposed to implement Section 6(e) of the Toxic
Substances Control Act.
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ITLE
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
Microeconomic Impacts of the Proposed Marking and Disposal Regulations
for PCBs. (Final Report)'
Versar, Inc.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Toxic Substances.
PB-267 833/2 (NTIS); EPA/560/6-77/013 (EPA)
EPA-68-01-3259 (EPA Contract Number)
26 Apr 77 18Ap
Office of
ABSTRACT
This report summarizes the estimated economic impacts of the marking and
disposal regulations for PCBs which are being proposed in fulfillment of
the requirements of Section 6(e) of the Toxic Substances Control Act. The
scope of this analysis included estimates of the quantities of PCBs and
equipment containing PCBs which will be affected by the proposed
regulations, the present and required future availability, feasibility, and
costs of the required PCB disposal facilities, the secondary costs of
controlled disposal including storage, recordkeeping, and transportation,
and the costs of satisfying the various marking requirements. The economic
analysis included estimates of the additional costs of complying with these
regulations as a function of year and economic sector. The analysis also
considered the possible economic effects of these costs on price levels,
investment requirements, and employment. Finally, the effects of compliance
on energy requirements and on the availability of strategic materials were
estimated.
TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
Micromethods for Toxic Residue Screening by Negative Chemical lonization
Mass Spectrometry " " •
(Journal article)
Kuehl, Douglas W. ; Whitaker, Michael J. ; Dougherty, Ralph C.
Florida State Univ., Tallahassee. Dept. of Chemistry.
Environmental Reseach Lab.-Duluth, MN.
PB81-126583 (NTIS); EPA-600/J-80-086 (EPA)
EPA-R-8063340010 (EPA Contract Number)
1980 8p
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NOTES
Pub. in Analytical Chemistry 52, p935-94Q 1980.
ABSTRACT
Methods were developed for the analysis of polychlorinated chemical
residues found in milligram quantities of biological samples. Sample
preparation by micro-continuous liquid-liquid extraction steam distillation
or by micro gel-permeation chroraatography gave sufficiently clean residue
extracts for negative chemical ionization analysis. With these techniques
chemicals such as chlorophenols and chlorobiphenyls have been confirmed in
human adipose samples as small as 12.5 mg. These methods make it possible
to screen less than 1-g samples of biological substrates for contamination
with persistant toxic substances at part-per-billion levels.
TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
Mobile System for Extracting Spilled Hazardous Materials from Excavated
Soils ~~ ~ " ~
(Final rept. Dec 76-Apr 82)
Scholz, R. ; Milanowski, J.
Rexnord, Inc., Milwaukee, WI.
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
PB84-123637 (NTIS); EPA-600/2-83-100 (EPA)
EPA-68-03-2696 (EPA Contract Number)
Oct 83 93p
ABSTRACT
Laboratory tests were conducted with three separate pollutants (phenol,
arsenic trioxide, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB's) and two soils'of
widely different characteristics (sand/gravel/silt/clay and organic loam)
to evaluate techniques for cleansing soil contaminated with released or
spilled hazardous materials. The tests show that scrubbing of excavated
soil on site is an efficient approach for freeing soils of certain
contaminants but that the effectiveness depends on the washing fluid (water
+ additives) and on the soil composition and particle size distribution.
Based on the test results, a full-scale, field-use system was designed,
engineered, fabricated, assembled, and briefly tested; the unit is now
ready for field demonstrations.
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-ITLE
AUTHOR
CORPORATE SOURCE
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
NOTE
ABSTRACT
Modification and Evaluation of a High-Volume Air Sampler for Pesticides
and Semivolatile Industrial Organic Chemicals '.
(Journal article)
Lewis, Robert G. ; Jackson, Merrill D.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
PB82-246828 (NTIS); EPA-600/J-81-355 (EPA)
9 Nov 81 5p
Pub. in Analytical Chemistry, v54 n3 p592-594 Mar 82.
Previously we reported the development and evaluation of a high-volume
air sampler for pesticides and other semivolatile industrial organic
chemicals (1). This sampler has proved useful for monitoring airborne
pesticides associated with agricultural applications (2) and
polychlorinated biphenyl emissions from incineration and spill cleanup
processes (3) Since our initial publication, the sampling system has been
improved through redesign of the collection module for more efficient and
versatile use. The new module accoraodates a reusable sorbent cartridge
which can be extracted intact for chemical analysis. Both polyurethane foam
(PUF) and granular sorbents can be employed for sampling air at flow rates
of 200-250 L/min. This correspondence describes the collection module and
reports results of studies conducted to improve sampling efficiencies for
more volatile compounds.
TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
Molten Salt Destruction of HCB (Hexachlorobenzene) and Chlordane - Bench
and Pilot Scale Tests
(Final rept.)
Yosim, S. J. ; Kellogg, L. G. ; Sudar, S.
Rockwell International, Canoga Park, CA. Energy Systems Group.
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati, OH.
PB84-246354 (NTIS); EPA/600/2-84/148 (EPA)
EPA-68-03-3014 (EPA Contract Number)
Sep 84 143p
-170-
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ABSTRACT
A research test program to demonstrate the destruction of chlorinated
materials by the Molten Salt Destruction (MSD) process was conducted. In
this process, combustible material and air are continuously introduced
beneath the surface of a sodium carbonate-containing melt at 900-1050C Any
acidic gases such as HC1 produced from chlorinated organic compounds are
neutralized and retained in the melt. The chlorinated materials tested were
solid hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and liquid chlordane. The HCB was a simulant
for PCBs and the chlordane was representative of liquid chlorinated
industrial wastes. The overall objective of the test series was to provide
molten salt process performance data and to challenge the molten salt
process limits for adequate waste destruction. The program consisted of
bench-scale and pilot-scale tests. Both destruction efficiencies (DE) and
destruction and removal efficiencies (ORE) were determined. The federal
standards for thermal process destruction of PCBs of 99.9999% destruction
and 99.99% destruction for halogenated organics such as chlordane were met
in both the bench-scale and pilot-scale tests.
TITLE
AUTHOR
Monitoring for Polychlorinated Biphenyl Emissions from an Electrolyte
Capacitor Disposal Project~
(Field project rept.)
Rodes, Charles E. ; Jackson, Merrill D. ; Lewis, Robert G.
CORPORATE SOURCE Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Research Triangle Park NC
Environmental Monitoring Branch.
IEPORT NUMBER PB-284 378/7 (NTIS); EPA/600/4-78-025 (EPA)
REPORT DATE May 78 23p
NOTE
ABSTRACT
Prepared in cooperation with Health Effects Research Lab.
Triangle Park, N.C. Environmental Toxicology Div.
Research
Three different air sampling methods were used simultaneously to monitor
for PCB emissions arising from a pilot disposal project involving
electrolytic capacitors. Analytical results indicated that the primary
polychlorinated biphenyl material was Aroclor 1242, and that airborne
concentrations inside the building housing the grinders exceeded 5mg/cu m.
The PCB air concentrations outside the building at a distance of 9 m were
typically <1.0 microgram/cu m. Measurements made with one low-volume and
two high-volume air samplers are compared.
-171-
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TITLE
AUTHOR
Monitoring of Trace Constituents During PCS Recovery Dredging Operations
Duwamish Waterway ' ' "
Blazevich, Joseph N. ; Gahler, Arnold R. ; Vasconcelos, George J.
Rieck, Robert H. ; Pope, Stephen V. W.
CORPORATE SOURCE Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, Wash. Surveillance and Analysis
Div.
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
ABSTRACT
PB-275 282/2 (NTIS); EPA/910/9-77/039 (EPA)
Aug 77 156p
This report describes the monitoring program conducted after a spill of
255 gallons of transformer fluid, Aroclor 1242, occurred in the Duwamish
River in Seattle, Washington . A detailed evaluation is presented of data
acquired prior to, during, and after recovery operations. An initial
recovery effort conducted by EPA resulted in a 30 percent removal of the
PCB. The Dept. of Defense, acting through the Corps of Engineers, removed
the remaining Aroclor using a Pneuma dredge. This removal operation
increased the total PCB recovered to approximately 92 percent. The release
of pollutants from sediments during dredging could be only partially
predicted by use of the elutriate test and evaluation of the interstitial
water.
-172-
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TITLE
AUTHOR
Morphological Changes in Livers of Rats Fed Polychlorinated Biphenyl
Light Microscopy and Ultrastructure ~—
Kirabrough, Renate D. ; Linder, Ralph E. ; Gaines, Thomas B.
CORPORATE SOURCE Environmental Protection Agency, Chamblee, Ga. Office of Pesticides
Programs.
REPORT NUMBER PB-279 729/8 (NTIS)
REPORT DATE
NOTE
28 Apr 72 12p
Pub. in Arch Environ Health, v25 p354-364, Nov 72.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology. Group 9 PB-279
718. Order as PB-279 718 from NTIS.
ABSTRACT
Male and female Sherman strain rats were fed polychlorinated biphenyls
Aroclor 1260 and Aroclor 1254 at 0, 20, 100, 500 and 1,000 ppm in their
diet. Rats received the dietary levels for eight months. Light microscopic
changes consisted of hypertrophy of the liver cells, inclusions in the
cytoplasm, brown pigment in Kupffer cells, lipid accumulation, and, at the
higher dietary levels, adenofibrosis. Ultrastructural changes of the livers
of exposed animals consisted of an increase in smooth endoplasmic reticulum
and atypical mitochondria. Lipid vacuoles were occasionally surrounded by
concentric membranes. The epithelial component of adenofibrosis consisted
of goblet cells and cells that resembled the epithelium which lines the
bile ducts. In general, the effect of Aroclor 1254 on the liver was more
pronounced than that of Aroclor 1260.
TITLE
Mussel Watch: Intercomparison of Trace Level Constituent Determinations
(Journal article) ' " "
AUTHOR Galloway, W. B. ; Bowen, V. T. ; Goldberg, E. D. ; Laseter, J. L. •
Martin, J. H. '
CORPORATE SOURCE Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, RI.
SPONSOR Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, MA.; Scripps Institution
of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA.; New Orleans Univ., LA.; Moss Landing Marine
Labs. , CA.
REPORT NUMBER PB84-213099 (NTIS); EPA-600/J-82-157 (EPA)
REPORT DATE c!983 18p
-173-
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NOTE
ABSTRACT
Also pub. as Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, MA. Contrib. No. 5002.
Prepared in cooperation with Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La
Jolla, CA.; New Orleans Univ., LA. and Moss Landing Marine Lab., CA.
Not available from NTIS.
The U.S. National Mussel Watch Program initially used split-sample
analyses for interlaboratory quality control purposes. These indicated the
possibility of interlaboratory analytical discrepancies as well as problems
in the split-sample technique itself. For the third year of the program,
two mussel homogenates were produced to serve as intercomparison
samples—one for metals and organics, the other for radionuclides. The
results obtained using these horaogenates are encouraging in that generally
good agreement is seen among analyses done by several labs in diverse
pollutant classes. (Copyright (c) Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry.
1983.) y
TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
NOTE
ABSTRACT
National Conference on Polychlorinated Biphenyls (November 19-21
Chicago, Illinois)"
1975,
Ayer, Franklin A.
Research Triangle Inst.,
Technology Applications.
Research Triangle Park, N.C. Center for
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. Office of
Toxic Substances.; Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C.; Department
of Health, Education, and Welfare, Washington, D.C.; Department of the
Interior, Washington, D.C.
PB-253 248/9 (NTIS); EPA/560/6-75-004 (EPA)
EPA-68-01-2928 (EPA Contract Number)
Mar 76 469p
Prepared in cooperation with Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C.,
Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Washington, D.C., and
Department of the Interior, Washington, D.C.
The objectives of the conference where to bring together the latest data
and best available expertise to help clarify the problems associated with
the manufacture, use and disposal of PCBs ... help assess the effectiveness
of steps taken to reduce the problems associated with PCBs ... provide a
platform for interested parties to present previous neglected data
concerning PCBs ... help clarify the feasibility and complications of steps
to reduce the problems associated with PCBs.
-174-
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TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
NOTE
ABSTRACT
National Dioxin Study Tier 4 - Combustion Sources: Initial Literature
Review and Testing Options " —
(Final rept.)"
Miles, A. J. ; Williams, J. A.
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC.
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
PB85-216166/XAB (NTIS); EPA/450/4-84/014B (EPA)
EPA-68-02-3513 (EPA Contract Number)
Oct 84 221p
See also PB85-172336.
The objective of Tier 4 of the National Dioxin Study is to determine if
combustion sources emit significant amounts of dioxins to the atmosphere
The literature review was performed prior to the initiation of the Tier 4
dioxin emissions test program. The purpose of the literature review was to
summarize the existing dioxin emissions data base for combustion sources
and to develop a list of candidate source categories for the test p'rogram
The literature review presents a summary of the available dioxin emissions
data and discusses factors affecting dioxin emissions from combustion
sources. A preliminary ranked list of source categories recommended for the
Tier 4 test program is presented, along with an overview of the recommended
testing approach. A tabular summary of the dioxin emissions data base and a
comprehensive reference list are included as appendices.
-175-
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TITLE
NATO-CCMS Pilot Study on Disposal of Hazardous Wastes.
Treatment. Project Leader: Federal Republic of Germany"
(Final rept)'
Project: Thermal
CORPORATE SOURCE NATO Committee on the Challenges of Modern Society, Brussels (Belgium).
REPORT NUMBER PB82-114521 (NTIS); NATO/CCMS-118
REPORT DATE
ABSTRACT
23 Mar 81 183p
The report focuses on the incineration of hazardous waste in the
participating countries — The situation in general; details of hazardous
waste incineration, co-incineration of hazardous wastes with domestic
refuse, hazardous waste as a fuel substitute in the cement manufacturing
industry, incineration of selected wastes (PCB, mineral oil wastes),
incineration of hazardous wastes at sea, research and development, and
conclusions and recommendations of the study.
TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANISATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
NOTE
ABSTRACT
Net Atmospheric Inputs of PCBs to the Ice Cover on Lake Huron
(Journal article)
Murphy, T. J. ; Schinsky, A. W.
De Paul Univ., Chicago, IL.
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
PB84-245687 (NTIS); EPA-xxx/xx-83/244
EPA-R-805 325 (EPA Contract Number
Data missing
83 8p
Pub. in Jnl. of Great Lakes Research 9, nl p92-96 1983.
Not available from NTIS.
This report describes the first measurements of the net atmospheric
deposition of PCBs to the ice cover of a body of water. The net deposition
of PCBs includes the wet, dry, and vapor deposition, less any evaporation.
The measurements were made on ice cores collected from the frozen surface
of Lake Huron in the ice seasons of 1978 and 1979. Intrusions of lake water
into the accumulated deposition layer of ice and snow were not encountered
in these studies. Such intrusions, however, have complicated other attempts
to use this method. Possible reasons for not encountering them in this
study are discussed. (Copyright (c) International Assoc. Great Lakes Res
1983.)
-176-
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TITLE Organic Analyses in Water Quality Control Programs - Training Manual
AUTHOR Feldmann, Charles
CORPORATE SOURCE National Training and Operational Technology Center, Cincinnati, OH.
REPORT NUMBER PB81-124414 (NTIS); EPA-430/1-80-011 (EPA)
REPORT DATE Nov 80 209p
NOTE Supersedes PB-297 713.
ABSTRACT
A lecture/laboratory manual dealing with the analysis of selected organic
pollutants. Intended for use by those having little or no experience in the
field, but having one year (or equivalent) of college organic chemistry,
and having basic laboratory skills (volumetric glassware, titration
assemblies, analytical and trip balances). Topics include dissolved oxygen,
biochemical oxygen demand, ammonia, nitrates, nitrites, carbon analysis
chemical oxygen demand, surfactants, oil and grease phenolics, gas
chromatography, and polychlorinated biphenyls.
-177-
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TITLE
AUTHOR
Organic Analyses in Water Quality Control Programs; Training Manual
Feldmann, Charles
CORPORATE SOURCE National Training and Operational Technology Center, Cincinnati, OH.
REPORT NUMBER PB-297 713/0 (NTIS); EPA/430/1-78/012 (EPA)
REPORT DATE Aug 78 212p
NOTE
ABSTRACT
Supersedes PB-279 547. See also PB-297 714.
The lecture/laboratory manual deals with the analysis of selected organic
pollutants. It is intended for use by those having little or no experience
in the field, but having one year (or equivalent) of college organic
chemistry, and having basic laboratory skills such as volumetric glassware,
titration assemblies, analytical and trip balances. Topics include
dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, ammonia, nitrates, carbon
analysis, chemical oxygen demand, surfactants, oil and grease phenolics,
gas chromatography, and polychlorinated biphenyls.
TITLE Organic Analyses in Water Quality Control Programs. Training Manual
CORPORATE SOURCE National Training and Operational Technology Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.
REPORT NUMBER PB-279 547/4 (NTIS); EPA/430/1-77/014 (EPA)
REPORT DATE Dec 77 193p
NOTE
ABSTRACT
Supersedes PB-261 260, PB-261 318, PB-224 212 and PB-238 893.
A lecture/laboratory manual deals with the analysis of selected organic
pollutants. It is intended for use by those having little or no experience
in the field, but having one year (or equivalent) of college organic
chemistry, and having basic laboratory skills (volumetric glassware,
titration assemblies, analytical and trip balances). Topics include
dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, ammonia, nitrates, nitrites,
carbon analysis, chemical oxygen demand, surfactants, oil and grease
phenolics, gas chromatography, and polychlorinated biphenyls.
-178-
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TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
NOTE
ABSTRACT
Organic Compounds Near Dumpsites in Niagara Falls, New York
(Journal article)""
Elder, V. A. ; Proctor, B. L. ; Kites, R. A.
Indiana Univ. at Bloomington. Dept. of Chemistry.
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
PB84-116342 (NTIS); EPA-600/J-81-658 (EPA)
EPA-R-806350 (EPA Contract Number)
c!981 lOp
Pub. in Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, v8 n9 p409-415 1981.
Water and sediment samples were taken from sites adjacent to hazardous
waste disposal areas in Niagara Falls, New York. The samples were analyzed
by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The following compounds were
identified: chlorobenzenes, chlorotoluenes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon
derivatives, cyclohexane derivatives, polychlorinated biphenyls,
trichlorophenol and other phenols, benzotrifluorides, mirex and
phenothiazine. A large number of benzyl derivatives and unusual fluorinated
compounds were also found; they were probably waste byproducts of
industrial chemical production. The hazardous waste disposal sites were
major sources for most of the compounds. (Copyright (c) Heyden & Son Ltd,
-179-
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TITLE
AUTHOR
Organic Contaminants
(Journal article)
Glass, G. E. ; Strachan, W. M. I. ; Willford, W. A. ; Armstrong, F. A. I.
; Kaiser, K. L. E.
CORPORATE SOURCE Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Minn.
REPORT NUMBER PB-271 769/2 (NTIS); EPA/600/J-77/042 (EPA)
REPORT DATE 1977 2Op
NOTE
ABSTRACT
Pub. in the Waters of Lake Huron and Lake Superior, v3 p417-502 1977.
Organic pollutants may constitute the most widespread waste loadings into
the waters of Lake Superior. There are essentially three categories of
organic contaminants. The first grouping consists of those organic
compounds that readily degrade biologically or chemically. The second
category of organic contaminants is comprised of less readily degraded
organic compounds which may be directly toxic to aquatic life and to
consumers of aquatic life, which may be bioconcentrated to toxic levels, or
which may be metabolized to a more toxic form and stored in higher
organisms. The third category consists of the many organic compounds that
can cause taste and odor problems in domestic water supplies or taint the
flesh of food fishes. Identification of individual organic compounds is
difficult in environmental samples, and currently the state of the art is
developing. The analytical methodology employed for all studies was based
on extraction of non-ionic compounds. The data presented in this document
for specific contaminants are only a representative portion of the data
available.
-180-
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TITLE
AUTHOR
Organic Contaminants - Lake Huron
Glass, G. E. ; Strachan, W. M. I. ; Willford, W. A. ; Armstrong, F. A. I.;
Kaiser, K. L. E.
CORPORATE SOURCE Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Minn.
REPORT NUMBER PB-277 149/1 (NTIS); EPA/600/J-77/063 (EPA)
REPORT DATE 1977 20p
NOTE
ABSTRACT
Pub. in The Waters of Lake Huron and Lake Superior, v2 PtB, Lake Huron
Georgian Bay, and the North Channel; ch6.4 p577-590, 667-670 1977. Report
to the International Joint Commission-United States and Canada, Windsor
(Ontario) by Upper Lakes Reference Group of Working Group C.
The report discusses the following topics: Review of Potential Problems;
Specific Contaminants—(Polychlorinated Biphenyls, DDT and its Metabolites
Aldrin plus Dieldrin, Hexachlorobenzene, Lindane, Chlordane, Methoxychlor,'
Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Chlorobenzene Compounds, Phenols \
Phthalate Esters, Chloronorbornene, Octachlorostyrene, Methylbenzothiopene'
Biphenyl, Endosulfan, Cyanide, Heptachlor Epoxide, and Other Organic
Constituents); Discussion—Persistent Organic Contaminants, Taste and Odour
Compounds.
TITLE Organochlorine Pesticide Residues in Human Adipose Tissue
AUTHOR Kutz, F. W. ; Yobs, A. R. ; Strassman, S. C.
CORPORATE SOURCE Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
REPORT DATE 1976 3p
NOTE
ABSTRACT
Pub. in the Bulletin of the Society of Pharmacological and Environmental
Pathologists, v4 nl p!7-19, Mar 76.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Pesticide Content in Food and
Man, PB-276 326. Order as PB-276 326 from NTIS.
The article presents findings of selected organochlorine residues for
surveys conducted on human adipose tissue during fiscal years 1970, 1971,
and 1972. The residues selected for presentation in this paper were
beta-benzene hexachloride, total DDT equivalent, dieldrin, heptachlor
epoxide, oxychlordane, and polychlorinated biphenyls. All, except
polychlorinated biphenyls, are representative of exposure to organochlorine
insecticides; residues of polychlorinated biphenyls are indicative of
exposure to that industrial contaminant.
-181-
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TITLE
AUTHOR
Organochlorine Residues in Starlings, 1972
Nickerson, Paul R. ; Barbehenn, Kyle R.
CORPORATE SOURCE Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. Criteria and Evaluation
Div.
SPONSOR
REPORT DATE
NOTE
ABSTRACT
D.C. Div. of Technical
Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington,
Assistance.
1975 8p
Pub. in Pesticides Monitoring Jnl., v8 n4 p247-254 Mar 75. Prepared in
cooperation with Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, D.C. Div. of
Technical Assistance.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Pesticide Residues in
Animals, PB-274 846. Order as PB-274 846 from NTIS.
During the fall of 1972 starlings were collected from 130 sites in
conjunction with the National Pesticide Monitoring Program. They were
analyzed for DDT and its metabolites, dieldrin, heptachlor eposide, benzene
hexachloride polychlorinated biphenyls and, for the first time in the
series, oxychlordane and HCB. Mean DDT and dieldrin residue levels have
declined significantly since 1967 and a regression analysis suggests that
levels of DDT and its metabolites should fall below a mean of 0.1 ppm for
the 1974 starling collection.
-182-
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TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
NOTE
ABSTRACT
Overview of Atmospheric Inputs and Losses from Films
(Journal article)
Eisenreich, S. J.
Minnesota Univ., Minneapolis. Dept. of Civil and Mining Engineering.
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
PB8A-123884 (NTIS); EPA-600/J-82-405 (EPA)
EPA-R-804573 (EPA Contract Number)
c!982 6p
Pub. in Jnl. of Great Lakes Research, v8 n2 p241-242 1982.
The air-water interface in natural aquatic systems is often characterized
by a surface film consisting of a thin layer of surface-active organic
matter incorporating inorganic and organic dissolved and particulate
matter. The surface film of both marine and freshwater systems concentrates
nutrients, metals, and organic matter (natural and anthropogenic) above
that found in the bulk surface water. Oftentimes, the particulate matter is
enriched in metal and organic content above that found for particulate
matter is enriched in metal and organic content above that found for
particulate matter in the bulk water, but often similar to the atmospheric
aerosol. The placement of the surface film at the air-water interface
indicates that its composition is a result of in-lake scavenging processes
and wet plus dry atmospheric deposition. The sources for and residence
times of various contaminants in the surface film are discussed.
-183-
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TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
NOTE
ABSTRACT
Overview of Contaminant Interactions with Surface Films. Zooplankton. and
Fish ' '''
(Journal article)
McNaught, D. C.
Minnesota Univ., Minneapolis. Dept. of Ecology and Behavioral Biology.
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
PB84-123827 (NTIS); EPA-600/J-82-407 (EPA)
EPA-R-804573 (EPA Contract Number)
c!982 6p
Pub. in Jnl. of Great Lakes Research, v8 n2 p358-359 1982.
Surface films contain organic matter, rich in lipids which serves to trap
contaminants from the atmosphere. At specific times of the day, surface
films may also entrap significant numbers of zooplankton, which presumably
were attracted to near-surface food supplies and fishes in pursuit of their
zooplankton prey. Thus the surfaces of the Great Lakes, as well as of small
ponds and the oceans, are relatively rich in both living and decomposing
organic matter. Such films are likely microhabitats where lipid-soluble
contaminants move with relative ease from one compartment to another in the
food web. The author hopes that continued study of dynamic aquatic systems
as outlined in this volume and begining with the atmosopheric input of
contaminants like PCBs and terminating with lake trout bearing unacceptable
levels, will lead to solutions to the preservice of our Great Lakes and
their significant resources for future generations.
TITLE
Partitioning of Selected Polvchlorinated Biphenyls to Natural Sediments
(Journal article)-
AUTHOR Steen, W. C. ; Paris, D. F. ; Baughraan, G. L.
CORPORATE SOURCE Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
REPORT NUMBER PB-289 654/6 (NTIS); EPA/600/J-78/054 (EPA)
REPORT DATE 1978 5p
NOTE pub. in Water Research, v!2(9), p655-657 1978.
-184-
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ABSTRACT
The partitioning of two polychlorinated biphenyl mixtures (Aroclor 1016
and 1242) and two tetrachlorobiphenyl isoraers (2,5,3',4', and 2 6 2'6'
tetrachlorobiphenyl) between water and four natural sediments was evaluated
in laboratory investigations. For both Aroclor mixtures, the extent of
adsorption was comparable on all four natural sediments studied. For
individual isoraers, partitioning was comparable with that observed for the
mixtures. Both particle size distribution and total organic carbon were
important factors in determining the extent of partitioning for the two
isomers: but in the case of the mixtures, there was no correlation with
organic content.
TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
ABSTRACT
Pathology of Two Species of Flatfish from Urban Estauries in Puget Sound
(Final rept.) " '
McCain, Bruce B. ; Myers, Mark S. ; Varanasi, Usha ; Brown, Donald W
Rhodes, Linda D. '
National Marine Fisheries Service, Seattle, WA. Northwest and Alaska
Fisheries Center.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of
Research and Development.
PB82-237785 (NTIS); EPA-600/7-82-001 (IPA)
Feb 82 117p
This report describes the results of field and laboratory investigations
conducted between October I978and October 1980. The field studies yielded
data on the prevalence and geographical distribution of diseased
bottom-dwelling flatfish, specially English sole and starry flounder, in
the Duwamish Waterway, Seattle, and other selected estuaries in Puget
Sound. Levels of toxic metals, chlorinated hydrocarbons, and polynuclear
aromatic hydrocarbons (AHs) in fish and bottom sediments from these
estuaries were also determined. Concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls
(PCBs) in liver tissues of both English sole and starry flounder reflected
the concentrations of these compounds in sediments from which the animals
were captured.
-185-
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TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
PCB Concentrations in Striped Bass and Eggs
(Final rept. 19 Apr-15 Jul 76)
Forns, Joseph M.
Westinghouse Ocean Research Lab., Annapolis, MD.
Environmental Protection Agency, Philadelphia, PA.
Bay Program.
PB-288 005/2 (NTIS); EPA/903/9-78/019 (EPA)
Jul 76 12p
Chesapeake
ABSTRACT
The research project studied the accumulation of Polychlorinated
biphenyls (PCB) in ppm of striped bass which spawned in the Chesapeake Bay.
Samples were collected in the spawning areas of the Chesapeake Bay region
including Nanticoke, Choptank, Elk, Potomac, Rappahannock, and James
Rivers. Data includes the PCB Concentration in females, as well as eggs of
striped bass.
TITLE
PCB Disposal by Thermal Destruction
(Final rept)~
CORPORATE SOURCE Environmental Protection Agency, Dallas, TX. Region VI.
REPORT NUMBER PB82-241860 (NTIS); EPA-906/9-82-003 (EPA)
REPORT DATE Jun 81 61Op
ABSTRACT
A report on the sampling, analysis, and consideration of risks and
benefits associated with the incineration of polychlorinated biphenyls
(PCBs) at two commercial facilities in Deer Park, Texas and El Dorado,
Arkansas. Included are a summary, PCB incineration test reports'
polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin (PCDD) and polychlorinated dibenzofuran
(PCDF) emission sampling reports, a PCDD and PCDF analytical chemistry
report, air dispersion modeling results, an analysis of risks and benefits,
and letters and conditions of approval.
-186-
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TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
PCS Emissions from Stationary Sources: A Theoretical Study
(Final rept.) " •—
Knieriem, Jr, Herman
Monsanto Research Corp., Dayton, Ohio. Dayton Lab.
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Triangle Park,
N.C.
PB-262 850/1 (NTIS); EPA/600/7-76/028 (EPA)
EPA-68-02-1320 (EPA Contract Number)
Oct 76 43p
ABSTRACT
The report gives results of a theoretical assessment of polychlorinated
biphenyl (PCB) formation and destruction in conventional fossil fuel fired
sources. Results suggest a small but finite possibility that PCB isomers
may be found in their emissions. The study was the result of concern caused
by tentative identification of PCB isomers in ash and flyash from a utility
steam generating boiler. The theoretical assessment concluded that: (1) PCB
emissions are more likely from higher-chlorine content coal or residual oil
combustion than from refined oil or natural gas; (2) PCB isomers with four
or more chlorine atoms per molecule are more of an environmental ' hazard
than those with three or less; (3) the probability of forming PCB isomers
with four or more atoms of chlorine per molecule during combustion is
restricted by the short residence times and low concentrations of chlorine
available in many fossil fuels; (4) the amount of PCB emissions, if any,
may be related to polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon emissions; (5) based on
the above, inefficient combustion control is more likely to produce PCB
emissions than optimum conditions; and (6) the highest priority for field
sampling and analysis of PCB from combustion sources should be for small-
and medium-sized, hand- and underfeed-stoked coal furnaces.
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TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT DATE
NOTE
PCS Metabolism in Rats Following Prolonged Exposure to Aroclor 1242 and
Aroclor 1016 " '
Burse, Virlyn W. ; Moseman, Robert F. ; Sovovool, G. Wayne ; Villanueva
Ellen C. '
Center for Disease Control, Atlanta, Ga.
National Environmental Research Center, Research Triangle Park,
N. C. Pesticides and Toxic Substances Effects Lab.; Coca Cola Export Corp
Atlanta, Ga. '
1976 7p
Pub. in Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v!5 nl
p!22-128 1976. Prepared in cooperation with National Environmental
Research Center, Research Triangle Park, N. C.f Pesticides and Toxic
Substances Effects Lab., and Coca Cola Export Corp., Atlanta, Ga.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology, Group 15, PB-280
879. Order as PB-280 879 from NTIS.
ABSTRACT
Several mono- and dihydroxy metabolites of ditri, and tetrachlorobiphenyl
have been Identified in the urine of rats fed prolonged diets of Aroclor
1016 or Aroclor 1242. Combined gas chroraatography-mass spectrometry was
used for characterization of the metabolic products.
-188-
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TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
ABSTRACT
(Final rept.)
T1SS"e; ' Statistical Evaluation bv
; WiUiams,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Toxic
Substances .
PB81-152902 (NTIS); EPA-560/ 13-79-015 (EPA)
EPA-68-01-5848 (EPA Contract Number)
Nov 80 102p
The proportion (or percent) of persons with greater than 3 ppm PCB and
the proportion with detectable PCB residue are investigated with an
emphasis on comparing differences between racial groups. ^he chemical
analysis technique used to quantify the residue amounts is studied
technique of using only one isomer (out of many) to quantitate
" '" "" ^ affect stacist^al significance leveo
could not
TITLE PCB's in Agricultural and Urban Soil
AUTHOR Carey, A. E. ; Gowen, J. A.
CORPORATE SOURCE Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
REPORT DATE 1972 4p
NOTE
Pub. in unidentified Jnl.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Pesticide Residues in the
Environment. Group 2, PB-276 312. Order as PB-276 312 from NTIS
-189-
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ABSTRACT
Polychlorinaterl btphenyls in soil have been monitored since 1972 as part
of the National Soils Monitoring Program, originally established to measure
pesticide residue levels in agricultural soils, raw agricultural
commodities, and urban soils across the Nation. The PCB's are monitored as
part of this program because of their chemical similarity to certain
chlorinated pesticides. The PCB's have rarely been detected in agricultural
soils of the United States. Only 0.1 percent of the soil samples collected
in the National Soils Monitoring Program for 1972 contained detectable PCB
levels. However, detectable levels of PCB's occur more frequently in urban
soils. Of the 19 metropolitan areas sampled since 1971, 12 of the cities,
or 63 percent showed detectable PCB levels. The most commonly encountered
PCB was Aroclor 1254, which was identified in approximately 40 percent of
the positive samples, while Aroclor 1260 was prevalent in about 20 percent
of the positive samples.
TITLLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
ABSTRACT
PCBs (Polychlorinated Biphenyls) in Saginaw Bay; Development of
Functional Indices to Estimate Inhibition of Ecosystem Fluxes
NcNaught, D. C. ; Griesmer, D. ; Buzzard, M. ; Kennedy, M.
Minnesota Univ., Minneapolis. Dept. of Ecology and Behavioral Biology.
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
PB84-133008 (NTIS); EPA-600/3-84-008 (EPA)
EPA-R-804573 (EPA Contract Number)
Jan 84 106p
Saginaw Bay is among the most polluted bays in the Great Lakes. For many
years the Large Lakes Research Station of the US-EPA has examined many
aspects of this ecosystem, from phytoplankton community characteristics to
contaminant levels in fishes. As a result, when it became desirable to
determine the impact of an organochlorine contaminant like PCB, it was not
necessary to study the ecosystem in detail. This study produced new
information on the two most basic fluxes in any aquatic system, the flow of
solar energy into the phytoplankton, and the flow of chemical energy into
the zooplankton. The use of phytoplankton gross photosynthesis to estimate
the inhibition by contaminants of the first flux mentioned was developed
for marine communities.
TITLE
AUTHOR
PCBs (Polychlorinated Biphenyls); Structure-Activity Relationships
Safe, S. ; Parkinson, A. ; Robertson, L. ; Sawyer, T. ; Bandiera, S,
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CORPORATE SOURCE Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
REPORT NUMBER PB83-2A7486 (NTIS); EPA-600/D-83-096 (EPA)
REPORT DATE Aug 83 25p
ABSTRACT
This report summarizes research on the chemical and toxicological
characterization of PCB's. Results on the synthesis and characterization of
all 209 PCB's and subsequent identification of individual PCB components in
commercial mixtures and environmental samples are reported. This was
essential for research relating the toxicity and biologic effects of
commercial mixtures to chemical structure. The results of
structure-activity research with the various congeners on several
biological systems are also reported.
TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
ABSTRACT
PCBs in the United States Industrial Use and Environmental Distribution
(Final rept. on Task fj " " ~
Durfee, Robert L. ; Contos, Gayaneh ; Whitmore, Frank C. ; Barden, James
D. ; Hackman, III, E. E.
Versar, Inc., Springfield, Va.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. Office of
Toxic Substances.
PB-252 012/0 (NTIS); EPA/560/6-76/005 (EPA)
EPA-68-01-3259 (EPA Contract Number)
25 Feb 76 488p
This document presents the current state of knowledge about the
production, usage, and distribution of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in
the United States. The information presented is derived from detailed
studies on the production and first tier user industries, the past and
present generation and disposition of PCB-containing wastes, environmental
transport and cumulative loads, potential alternatives to PCBs usage
inadvertent losses to and potential formation in the environment, and
current regulatory authorities for PCBs control. These results indicated
that, although PCBs content of industrial wastes can be reduced through
various approaches (treatment, substitution, etc.), there exists a
potentially severe future hazard in the form of large amounts of PCBs
currently contained in land disposal sites. Further definition of this and
other aspects of the PCBs problem, and determination of ways to minimize
the hazard, are recommended.
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TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
NOTE
PCBS Involvement in the Pulp and Paper Industry
(Final rept. on Task 4j
Carr, Roderick A. ; Durfee, Robert L. ; McKay, Edward G.
Versar, Inc., Springfield, Va.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Toxic Substances.
PB-271 017/6 (NTIS); EPA/560/6-77/005 (EPA)
EPA-68-01-3259 (EPA Contract Number)
25 Feb 77 HOp
See also PB-252 012.
Office of
ABSTRACT
The sources, distribution, and losses of PCBs in the U.S. pulp and paper
industry are discussed in detail. The major source of PCBs to the industry
is recycled carbonless copy paper manufactured from 1957 to 1971, but the
amounts of PCBs from this source diminished rapidly after 1971. A model
showing past and projected PCBs content in product and wastewaters from the
industry is presented and discussed. Estimated costs (worst-case basis) for
wastewater treatment to achieve one ppb PCBs in effluents from the industry
are developed; results indicate a 3 to 5 percent product cost increase will
result from such treatment.
TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
NOTE
ABSTRACT
PCBs Water Elimination/Reduction Technology and Associated Costs,
Manufacturers of Electrical Capacitors and Transformers
(Addendum to Final rept. (Task II))
Durfee, Robert
Versar, Inc., Springfield, Va.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. Office of
Water Planning and Standards.
PB-255 395/6 (NTIS); EPA/440/9-76/020 (EPA)
EPA-68-01-3229 (EPA Contract Number)
2 Jul 76 39p
Pub. in Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., v!9 p637-640, 1978.
The brief report summarizes the concentrations of PCB's in oyster tissue
(Crassostrea virginica) observed from April 1969 to June 1976 at three
locations in the Escambria Bay estuary, following elimination of an
accidental leak of Aroclor 1254 from an industrial site. Data showed that
PCB's in oyster tissue decreased after the leak was eliminated, but a
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steady-state concentration was reached. No Aroclor 1254 was detectable in
water at stations sampled, but sediments were found to contain relatively
low amounts <>0.31 ppm) in 1970 and 1971. The study demonstrates the
persistence of PCB's long after the point-source discharges are eliminated
TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
Personal Exposure to Volatile Organics and Other Compounds Indoors and
Outdoors - The TEAM (Total Exposure Assessment Methodology) Stud7
Wallace, Lance A. ; Pellizzari, Edo D. ; Hartwell, Tyler D. ; Sparacino
Charles ; Zelon, Harvey '
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Monitoring and Technical Support.
PB83-231357 (NTIS); EPA-600/D-83-082 (EPA)
EPA-68-03-3679 (EPA Contract Number)
Jul 83 35p
Office of
ABSTRACT
The major objective of this study is to develop and field test a
methodology for measuring individual human exposure to toxic substances. A
secondary objective is to develop methods for estimating body burden with
the use of biological measurements. All significant pathways of exposure
are addressed. In Phase 1 of the study, sampling and analytical protocols
were tested for volatile organic compounds, organochlorine pesticides,
metals, and polyaromatic hydrocarbons. In Phase 2, exposure through air and
drinking water and excretion rates through inhaled breath were measured for
a statistically valid sample population. It was determined that personal
air median concentrations ranged from 40 to 320% higher than outdoor fixed
air concentrations. Correlations between personal and outdoor samples were
poor. It was concluded that personal air, indoor air, or breath
measurements are far superior to outdoor measurements for estimating
exposure. The study is currently entering its third phase.
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TITLE
Pesticides and
Louisiana
Polychlorinated Biphenyls in the Atchafalava Basin
AUTHOR Hern, Stephen C. ; Lambou, Victor W. ; Tai, Han
CORPORATE SOURCE Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
REPORT NUMBER PB80-144835 (NTIS); EPA-600/4-79-061 (EPA)
REPORT DATE Sep 79 89p
ABSTRACT
The collection and analysis of samples for pesticide and polychlorinated
biphenyls (PCB's) were included in the Atchafalaya River Basin Water and
Land Study. From 1974 to 1977, 743 samples were collected from 118 stations
in the Atchafalaya Basin. Water, bottom sediment, and fish samples were
analyzed for 9 organophosphorus compounds and 18 organochlorine compounds.
No organophosphorus compounds were detected in any fish, water, or bottom
sediment samples. Only a few organochlorine compounds, i.e., aldrin,
dieldrin, PCB's, chlordane, and DDT and its derivatives, are present in
bottom sediments of the Atchafalaya Basin. With the exception of PCB's none
of the compounds was detected in water samples. Aldrin, dieldrin, PCB's
and DDT and its derivatives were found in fish samples. The pattern of
pesticide distribution that emerges in the Atchafalaya Basin reflects the
agricultural activity within or affecting the various hydrological units of
the Basin.
TITLE
AUTHOR
Pesticides in People; Organochlorine Pesticide and Polychlorinated
Biphenyl Residues in Biopsied Human Adipose Tissue-Texas
Burns, James E.
CORPORATE SOURCE Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. Office of Pesticide
Programs.
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
NOTE
PB-280 613/1 (NTIS)
1974 5p
Pub. in Pesticides Monitoring Jnl., v7 n3/4 p!22-126, Mar 74.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology, Group 13, PB-280
602. Order as PB-280 602 from NTIS.
-194-
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ABSTRACT
Organochlorine pesticide residue levels were determined in 221 samples of
human adipose tissue from elective surgery in 1969-72 in the lower Rio
Grande Valley of Texas. standard electron cap ure--gas-Uafid
chromatographic methods were used. The total DDT level was 23 18 ppm the
DDE level was 17.37, the highest yet reported for a general portion
Dieldrin and beta BHC levels were also high: o!35 and ^2 Jpm'
respectively No decrease in storage levels during the study period was
si^ni t?' M M\ WaS °° difference due to sex' ^t Mexican-Americans had
significantly higher residues of DDE, p.p't-DDT, and dieldrin than did
Anglo-Americans. Polychlorinated biphenyls were detected in 15 samples in
1971 but none were detected in the other 3 years.
TITLE
Photochemical Confirmation of Mirex in the Presence of Polychlorinated
Biphenyls
(Journal article)
AUTHOR Lewis, Robert G. ; Hanisch, Robert C. ; MacLeod, Kathryn E. ; Sovocool
G. Wayne '
CORPORATE SOURCE Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle Park, N.C.
REPORT NUMBER PB-268 138/5 (NTIS); EPA/600/J-76/065 (EPA)
REPORT DATE 7 May 76 6p
NOTE Pub- in Jnl« of Agric. Food Chem., v24 n5 p!030-1035 1976.
ABSTRACT
A simple method for the determination of mirex in the presence of
polychlorobiphenyls (PCB's) is reported. The procedure depends on
diethylamine-assisted photodegradation of interfering PCB's prior to
measurement of the mirex by electron capture gas chromatography. An
inexpensive 275-W sunlamp (spectral output greater than 280 no) may be used
as the irradiation source. Reductive dechlorination of the PCB results
apparently through primary photoexcitation of the biphenyl, followed by
hydrogen abstraction from both the alkyl and amino groups of the amine. The
method has been successfully applied to human tissue extracts for the
determination of mirex in the presence of Aroclor 1260 and other commonly
occurring chlorinated pesticides.
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TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
Physico-Chemical Model of Toxic Substances in the Great Lakes
Thomann, R. V. ; DiToro, D. M.
Manhattan Coll., Bronx, NY. Environmental Engineering and Science
Program.
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
PB84-170828 (NTIS); EPA-600/3-84-050 (EPA)
EPA-R-805916; EPA-R-807835 (EPA Contract Number)
Mar 84 177p
ABSTRACT
A physico-chemical model of the fate of toxic substances in the Great
Lakes is constructed from mass balance principles and incorporates
principal mechanisms of particulate sorption-desorption, sediment-water and
atmosphere-water interactions, and chemical and biochemical decay.
Calibration of the toxic model is through comparison to plutonium-239 data
collected in the 1970s using a 23 year time variable calculation and
indicates that in general, the sediments are interactive with the water
column in the Great Lakes through resuspension and or horizontal transport.
Fifty percent response times of 239Pu following a cessation of load extend
beyond 10 years with sediment resuspension. The calibration model was
applied to polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) using a high and low estimate of
contemporary external load and with and without volatilization. Calibration
of the model to data on benzo(a)pyrene confirms that on a lake-wide scale
the principal external source in the atmosphere and for the larger lakes
such as Michigan the response time of the lake to external loads is about
6-10 years while for Lake Erie response time is about 2 years. Application
of the model to cadmium in the lakes, using a solids dependent partition
coefficient indicates that the lakes do not reach equilibrium over a 100
year period. Calculated high concentrations of cadmium in interstitial
water (e.g., 10 microgram/1) indicate the importance of measuring
interstitial cadmium concentrations.
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TITLE
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT DATE
NOTE
REPORT NUMBER
ABSTRACT
Plans for Clinical and Epidemiologic Follow-up after Area-wide Chemical
Contamination; Proceedings of an International Workshop Held at Washingtr
DC. on March 17-19, '""" ~ •
1980
(Final rept)
National Research Council, Washington, DC.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.; Centers for
Disease Control, Atlanta, GA.
1982 431p
Sponsored in part by Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA.
PB83-144766 (NTIS)
EPA-68-02-3211 (EPA Contract Number)
This workshop was an undertaking of the Committee on Response Strategies
to Unusual Chemical Hazards and its counterpart Italian Committee. The
Committee was established in 1979 as a result of the 1976 chemical
explosion in Seveso, Italy to develop guidelines that might be used to
implement a world-wide mechanism for guiding biornedical researchers at the
scene of accidents similar to that at Seveso, and to evaluate newer health
data from the Seveso accident and the design of future studies. The topic
of the workshop, Plans for clinical and epideraiologic follow-up after
area-wide chemical contamination, was approached from two points of view:
first, by exploring a number of cases in which such widespread
contamination occurred and which served as the basis for field studies; and
second, by evaluating diseases and target organs that were identified as
likely outcomes of chemical exposures. A synthesis of experiences and
guiding principles for future investigations of similar exposures was
provided by a panel of experts from the U.S. and Italy.
TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
Polychlorinated Biphenyl Transport in Coastal Marine Foodwebs
O'Connor, J. M.
New York Univ. Medical Center, NY. Inst. of Environmental Medicine.
-197-
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SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
PB84 232610 (NTIS); EPA/600/3-84/083 (EPA)
EPA-R-808006 (EPA Contract Numbers)
Aug 84 117p
ABSTRACT
The extent to which polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) may be assimilated
into fish from dietary sources was studied by providing known doses of PCBs
(as Aroclor 1254 in food) to striped bass and analyzing cross-gut
transport, tissue distribution and elimination. Assimilation and
elimination data from single and multiple doses for whole fish were used to
calculate rate-constants for PCB accumulation (k(a)) and elimination (k(e))
according to one-compartment pharraacokinetic models. The data from analysis
of individual tissues were used to calculate ka and ke for individual
tissue compartments. The major conclusions from the study are that PCBs in
food represent a major source of PCB to fish (up to 80% of total body
burdens). The PCBs obtained from food cause a rapid approach to steady
state, but are eliminated slowly with a half-time of about 120 hr. More
than 85% of the PCB ingested with food is assimilated into the tissues. The
long-term model showed that PCB burdens in striped bass exposed to food
containing different concentrations of PCB will decline slowly when levels
in food decline, but increase rapidly (90% plateau reached in 9 doses) when
levels in food increase. Preliminary verification studies support the
pharmacokinetic model for PCB accumulation in striped bass with food as the
major source.
TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGAINZATION
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
NOTE
Polychlorinated Biphenyls (Aroclor 1242): Effects of Uptake on E. coli
Growth ~~ ' ~~
Keil, Julian E. ; Graber, Charles D. ; Priester, Lamar E. ; Sandifer,
Samue1 H.
Medical Univ. of South Carolina, Charleston.
PB-279 750/4 (NTIS)
1972 3p
Pub. in Environmental Health Perspectives, nl p!75-177, Apr 72.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology. Group 8 PB-279
739. Order as PB-279 739 from NTIS.
-198-
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ABSTRACT
Experiments were performed to study the effects of PCBs in vitro on a
facultative organism, Escherichia coli, common to human intestinal flora
This bacterium was also selected because it is the prime indicator of fecal
contamination.
TITLE
AUTHOR
Polychlorinated Biphenyls and Other Organic Chemical Residues in Fish
from Major United States Watersheds near the Great Lakes. 1978
(Journal article)
Veith, Oilman D. ; Kuehl, Douglas W. ; Leonard, Edward N. ; Welch
Kenneth ; Pratt, Glen '
CORPORATE SOURCE Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
REPORT NUMBER PB82-207903 (NTIS); EPA-600/J-81-549 (EPA)
REPORT DATE Jun 81 10p
NOTE
ABSTRACT
Pub. in Pesticides Monitoring Jnl., v!5 nl pl-8 Jun 81.
Twenty-six composite samples of fish were collected during 1978 from
United States watersheds near the Great Lakes and analyzed for
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and related organic chemicals. PCB
mixtures resembling Aroclor 1254 were found in all samples, and mixtures
resembling Aroclor 1242(or 1016) were found in 77 percent of the samples
Total PCB concentrations in the whole-fish composite samples ranged from
0.13 to 14.6 ppm; 65 percent of the samples contained 2 ppm PCBs. DDT and
its metabolites were also found in all samples. Sigma DDT concentration was
1.66 ppm, and 81 percent of the samples contained 1.0 ppm Sigma DDT
Chlordane ranged from 0.001 to 2.57 ppm in 38 percent of the samples.
Hexachlorobenzene was found in 65 percent of the samples, ranging from
0.005 to 0.447 ppm. Other chemicals identified by gas chroraatography/mass
spectrometry included petroleum hydrocarbons and chlorobenzenes,
chlorostyrenes, chlorophenols, and chlorinated aliphatic compounds. Fish
from the Ashtabula River (Ohio), Rocky River (Ohio), and Wabash River
(Indiana) contained extremely complex residues of chlorinated and other
organic chemicals.
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TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
NOTE
ABSTRACT
Polychlorinated Biphenyls as Inducers of Hepatic Microsomal Enzymes
Effects of Di-OrthoSubstitution
(Journal article)
Parkinson, A. ; Robertson, L. W. ; Safe, L. ; Safe, S.
Guelph Univ. (Ontario).
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
PB84-123868 (NTIS); EPA-600/J-81-667 (EPA)
EPA-R-806928 (EPA Contract Number)
c!981 16p
Pub. in Chemical Biology Interactions, n35 pl-12 1981.
All of the 13 possible polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) isomers and
congeners substituted at both para positions, at least two meta positions
(but not necessarily on the same ring) and at two ortho positions have been
synthesized and tested as rat hepatic microsomal enzyme inducers. The
effects of these compounds were evaluated by measuring microsomal
benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P) hydroxylase, 4-chlorobiphenyl (4-CBP) hydroxylase
4-dimethylaminoantipyrine (DMAP) N-demethylase and NADPH-cytochrome c
reductase activities, the cytochrorae b5 content and the relative peak
intensities and spectral shifts of the carbon monoxide (CO)- and
ethylisocyanide (ElC)-difference spectra of ferrocytochrome P-450. The
results were compared to the effects of administering phenobarbitone (PB),
3-methylcholanthrene (MC) and PB plus MC (coadministered).
TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
Polychlorinated Biphenyls as Inducers of Hepatic Microsomal Enzymes
Structure-Activity Rules""~~
(Journal article)
Parkinson, A. ; Robertson, L. ; Safe, Lorna ; Safe, S.
Guelph Univ. (Ontario).
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
PB83-243741 (NTIS); EPA-600/J-80-419 (EPA)
80 18p
-200-
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NOTE
REPORT NUMBER
Pub. in Chemico-Biological Interactions 30, p271-285 1981
Not available from NTIS.
PB83-243741 (NTIS)
EPA-R-806928 (EPA Contract Number)
ABSTRACT
A number of highly purified polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) isomers and
congeners were synthesized and administered to male Wistar rats at dosage
levels of 30 and 150 micromol/kg. The effects of this in vivo treatment on
the drug-metabolizing enzymes were determined by measuring the microsomal
benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P) hydroxylase, dimethylaminoantipyrine (DMAP)
N-deraethylase and NADPH-cytochrome c reductase enzyme activities, the
cytochrome b sub 5 content and the relative peak intensities of spectral
shifts of the reduced microsomal cytochrome P-450:CO and ethylisocyanide
(EIC) binding difference spectra.
TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Human Adipose Tissue and Mother's Milk
(Final rept.) ' ' ' " •
Lucas, R. M. ; lannacchione, V. G. ; Melroy, D. K.
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Toxic
Substances.
PB83-253179 (NTIS); EPA/560/5-83-011 (EPA)
EPA-68-01-5848 (EPA Contract Number)
11 Nov 82 62p
ABSTRACT
Statistical Analysis of trends of polychlorinated biphenyl levels in
human adipose tissue specimens collected in the EPA National Human Adipose
Tissue Survey and in milk specimens collected in an EPA human mother's milk
study.
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TITLE
AUTHOR
Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Indoor^AjLr
(Journal article)
MacLeod, Kathryn E.
CORPORATE SOURCE Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Toxicology Div.
Environmental
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
NOTE
ABSTRACT
PB82-154931 (NTIS); EPA-600/J-81-511 (EPA)
4 May 81 5p
Pub. in Environmental Sciences and Technology 15(8), p926-928 Aug 81.
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have been recognized as environmental
contaminants since the mid-1960s. Until recently, however, little work has
been done on identifying levels of PCBs in the indoor air. This paper
describes a method for the analysis of PCBs utilizing low-volume indoor air
sampling. The method uses polyurethane foam as a collector and has a limit
of detection of about 0.01 micrograms/cu m. This study shows that indoor
air whether in commercial, industrial, or residential buildings, contains
levels of PCBs at least 1 order of magnitude higher than outdoor levels.
Defective fluorescent light ballasts are also shown to emit PCBs and to be
an important source of indoor atmospheric contamination.
TITLE '
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Precipitation in the Lake Michigan Basin
(Final rept.)~~""~
Murphy, Thomas J. ; Rzeszutko, Charles P.
De Paul Univ., Chicago, IL.
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Grosse lie, MI. Large Lakes
Research Station.
PB-286 363/7 (NTIS); EPA/600/3-78/071 (EPA)
EPA-803915 (EPA Contract Number)
Jul 78 42p
-202-
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ABSTRACT
Rainfall samples were collected in Chicago, Illinois, and on Beaver
Island, Michigan, and analyzed for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). The
precipitation weighted mean concentration of 35 samples of rain was 111
rag/1. (Ill parts per trillion). This would result in the deposition of 4800
kg/yr of PCBs to the Lake from precipitation. Presently available evidence
on other sources of PCBs to the Lake indicates that precipitation is now
the major source of PCBs to the Lake. The future PCB problems in the Lakes
will then be determined mainly by the magnitude of atmospheric inputs to
the Lake. The concentrations of PCBs in rainfall were found to be as high
on Beaver Island as in Chicago. Results obtained from the simultaneous
sampling of air and precipitation indicate that PCBs are present in the
atmosphere as vapor as well as being present on particulates. This result
raises doubts as to the validity of results for the dry deposition of PCBs
obtained from the use of collectors covered with mineral oil or other
non-polar liquid. PCB concentrations in the parts per billion range
obtained from gas samples from a vented sanitary landfill, indicate that
PCB containing materials incorporated into landfills may be an important
source of PCBs to the atmosphere.
TITLE
AUTHOR
Polychlorinated Biphenyls in the Surface Waters and Bottom Sediments of
the Major Drainage Basins of the United States "
Dennis, D. Steve
CORPORATE SOURCE Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. Office of Pesticide
Programs.
REPORT NUMBER PB-276 313/4 (NTIS)
REPORT DATE
NOTE
ABSTRACT
1974 12p
Pub. in unidentified Jnl.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Pesticide Residues in the
Environment. Group 2, PB-276 312. Order as PB-276 312 from NTIS.
Data gathered from monitoring activities indicate the widespread
occurrence of PCB's in surface waters and bottom sediments of the major
drainage basins of the United States. A preliminary assessment of PCB
levels shows median residue levels of the positive detections for the years
1971 to 1974 ranging between 0.1 to 3.0 micrograms/1 for unfiltered water
samples and from 1.2 to 160.0 micrograms/kg for bottom sediments. The
highest levels were found in basins east of the Mississippi and bottom
sediments may contain concentrations of PCB's many times higher than those
in the overlying water.
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TITLE
AUTHOR
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
ABSTRACT
Polychlorinated Biphenyls 1929-1979
(Final rept.)~
Westin, Robert A.
Versar, Inc., Springfield, VA.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Toxic
Substances.
PB-296 559/8 (NTIS); EPA/560/6-79/004 (EPA)
EPA-68-01-3259 (EPA Contract Number)
16 May 79 90p
The primary emphasis of this report is a summary of the work that Versar
performed in support of the EPA's regulatory activities involving
polychlorinated biphenyls over the past four years. The report includes
summaries of 24 reports on PCBs that Versar submitted to EPA during this
period. Also included are a summary of the uses of PCBs from 1929 through
1979, a review of much of the early literature on the uses and toxicity of
PCBs, and a discussion of the various regulatory activities that limited
human exposure to PCBs and eventually banned their manufacture, processing,
and use.
TITLE
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
ABSTRACT
Polychlorinated Biphenyls; Ambient Water Quality Criteria
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Criteria and Standards
DivT ~ ~
PB-296 803/0 (NTIS)
1978 202p
Section 304(a) of the Clean Water Act (33 U.S.C. 1314(a)),
requires EPA to publish and periodically update water quality
criteria. These criteria are to reflect the latest scientific
knowledge on the identifiable effects of pollutants on
public health and welfare, aquatic life, and recreation.
This report presents water quality criteria for polychlorinated
biphenyls. It presents concentration criteria for the
protection of fresh water and saltwater aquatic life. It
presents 'safe' concentrations for humans, and in the case of
suspect or proven carcinogens, gives various levels of
incremental cancer risk. A section 304(a) water quality criterion
-204-
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concentration of a water constituent or pollutant in ambient
waters which, when not exceeded, will ensure a water
quality sufficient to protect a specified water use. Under
the Act a criterion is a scientific entity, based solely
on data and scientific judgement. It does not reflect
considerations of economic or technological feasibility nor
is it a water quality standard and in itself has no regulatory
effect.
TITLE
AUTHOR
CORPORATE
SOURCE
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
NOTE
ABSTRACT
Polychlorinated Biphenyls: Congener-Specific Analysis of a Commercial
Mixture and a Human Milk Extract " '
(Journal article)
Safe, S. ; Safe, L. ; Mullin, M.
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Grosse He, MI. Large Lakes Research
Station.
Texas A and M Univ., College Station.
PB85-230357 (NTIS); EPA/600/J-85/074 (EPA)
85 7p
Prepared in cooperation with Texas A and M Univ., College Station.
Pub. in Jnl. of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 33, p24-29 1985.
Not available from NTIS.
On the basis of the relative retention times and response factors of all
209 synthetic polychlorlnated blphenyls (PCBs), the paper reports the first
congener-specific analysis of a commercial PCB preparation, Aroclor 1260,
and the PCB composition of a human milk extract. The analysis indicates
that Aroclor 1260 contains nearly 80 different PCB congeners with the major
components identified as 2,2',3,3' ,4,5,6-,2,2 •, 4,4',5,5'-, 2,2',3,4,5,5'-,
and 2,2',3,4,4',5-hexachlorobiphenyl and 2,2',3,3',4,4',5-, 2,2',3,3'
4,5,6'-, 2,2',3,4,4',5,5'-, and 2,2',3,4',5,5',6-heptachlorobiphenyl.' In
contrast, the major PCB components of the human milk fraction were the
2,4,4'-tri-, 2,4,4',5-tetra-, 2,2',4,4',5-penta-, 2,3',4,4',5-penta,
2,2\3,4,4',5'-hexa-, 2 ,2 ' ,4 ,4 ' ,5 ,5'-hexa , 2, 2 ' , 3 ,3 ' ,4 ,4 ' , 5-hepta, and
2,2',3,4,4',5,5'-heptachloroblphenyls. The significance of congener-specif-
ic PCB analysis is discussed In terras of the structure-activity effects or.
PCB persistence, bioaccumulation, and toxlcity. (Copyright (c) 198C
American Chemical Society.)
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TITLE
Polychlorinated
Sherman Rat
Biphenyls: Evidence of Transplacental Passage in the
AUTHOR Curley, August ; Burse, V. W. ; Grim, Mary E.
CORPORATE SOURCE Environmental Protection Agency, Charablee, Ga. Chamblee Toxicology Lab.
REPORT DATE 21 Oct 72 6p
NOTE
ABSTRACT
Pub. in Fd Cosmet. Toxicol., vll p471-476 1973.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology. Group 3, PB-278
081. Order as PB-278 081 from NTIS
The polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB), Aroclor 1254, was given orally in
peanut oil to pregnant Sherman rats once daily from day 7 to day 15 of
organogenesis. Dose levels were 0, 10 and 50 mg/kg/day. No statistical
difference was found between control and dosed groups with respect to the
total weight of litters, the percentage of pups born dead or the survival
rate to weaning. Residue levels of PCB-derived material were measured in
the foetuses, in the milk ingested by sucklings and in tissues of weanlings
by electron-capture gas-liquid chromatography. Liver enlargement was
observed in weanlings from dosed rats, but not in those from controls.
There was a significant increase in the relative liver weights of weanlings
from dosed rats compared with those from controls and the livers of most of
the exposed weanlings contained enlarged hepatocytes, accompanied, in some
cases, by cytoplasmic vacuolization and bile-duct proliferation,
particularly in the group given the higher dosage.
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TITLE
AUTHOR
Predicting Toxic Waste Concentrations in Community
Supplies: Analysis of Vulnerability to Upstream Industrial
Drinking Water
charges
Di
Goodrich, J. A. ; Clark, R. M.
CORPORATE SOURCE Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
REPORT NUMBER PB84-206531 (NTIS); EPA/600/2-84/112 (EPA)
REPORT DATE Jun 84 145p
ABSTRACT
In February, 1978 the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) proposed
amendments to the National Interim Primary Drinking Water Regulations to
deal with the control of chloroform and synthetic organics in drinking
water. In November, 1979 the regulation regarding synthetic organics was
dropped because of the difficulty in defining, let alone assessing a
community's vulnerability. The purpose of this study was to predict toxic
waste concentrations in community drinking water supplies along the Ohio
and Kanawha Rivers between Charleston, West Virginia and Cincinnati, Ohio
using QUAL-II, a water quality simulation model. The most important factors
to consider in identifying vulnerable communities are: flow characteristics
of the source of supply, potency and persitance of the pollutants, amount
and timing of discharge of pollutants, storage times of utilities and
relative location of point sources and community intakes.
TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
NOTE
Prediction of Chemical Accumulation by Fish
(Final rept.)
Spigarelli, S. A. ; Thommes, M. M. ; Jensen, A. L.
Argonne National Lab. , IL.
Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor. School of Natural Resources.;
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Great Lakes National Program
Office.
PB84-156918 (NTIS); ANL/ERC-82-09 (Argonne National Lab.)
Jan 82 47p
Prepared in cooperation with Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor. School of Natural
Resources. Sponsored in part by Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago,
IL. Great Lakes National Program Office.
-207-
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ABSTRACT
A bioenergetics model was used to project the accumulation of lipophilic
contaminants and to study the factors affecting uptake by Great Lakes
fishes. Projections were compared with observed concentrations reported by
monitoring agencies. Initial estimates for some model parameters were not
applicable to all species, and adjustments of metabolic parameters were
necessary to duplicate uptake kinetics among species. The exponent (on
weight) for metabolic rate, lipid content, pollutant partitioning and
caloric values of consumer and food were parameters that greatly affected
the shape and rate of change in uptake curves. Bioaccumulation factors for
any of the tested chemicals varied 1-2 orders of magnitude among species
within an ecosystem, and typically exceed those predicted by the log
BCF-log P regression by 1-2 orders of magnitude.
TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
Preliminary Operations Plan and Guidelines for the At-Sea Incineration of
Liquid PCS (Polychlorinated biphenyl) Wastes
(Final rept.)
Hennings, T. J. ; Painter, P. A. ; Scinto, L. L. ; Takata, A. M.
TRW, Inc., Redondo Beach, CA.
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Triangle Park.
NC.
PB83-181834 (NTIS); EPA-600/2-82-068 (EPA)
EPA-68-02-3174 (EPA Contract Number)
Apr 82 121p
ABSTRACT
The report is a preliminary operations plan and guidelines report for the
disposal of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) wastes by at-sea incineration.
The study was divided into two subtasks: Subtask A was the development of
an inventory of government-owned PCB wastes suitable for at-sea
incineration; and Subtask B was the development of operating plans and a
schedule for an EPA-coordinated project to dispose of these wastes.
waste collection and preparation,
facility, processing of wastes and
bulk liquids, transportation to a ship
and ship loading. Incineration site
incineration procedures, and cargo tank
Land-based operations include
transportation to a processing
containers, interim storage of
loading site on the Gulf of Mexico,
selection, permit requirements,
decontamination are addressed for at-sea operations.
-208-
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TITLE
AUTHOR
Preliminary Sampling and Analytical Procedures for Evaluating the
Disposal of Dredged Materials ~ "
Young, Ho L. ; Minard, David ; Scotten, Harold ; Thompson, Gary ; Conti
Mario '
CORPORATE SOURCE Environmental Protection Agency, San Francisco, Calif. Region IX.
REPORT DATE 17 Apr 74 154p
REPORT NUMBER PB-285 607/8 (NTIS)
ABSTRACT
This manual describes methods for the analysis of dredged materials and
receiving waters. Its purpose is to establish uniform analytical procedures
in accordance with the EPA Region IX dredge spoil disposal criteria.
TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
NOTE
ABSTRACT
Products of Thermal Degradation of Dielectric Fluids
(Interim rept. Nov 84-May 85)
Swanson, S. E. ; Erickson, M. D. ; Moody, L.
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, MO.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Toxic
Substances.
PB85-248987/XAB (NTIS); EPA/560/5-85/022 (EPA)
EPA-68-02-3938 (EPA Contract Number)
May 85 32p
See also PB85-138535.
The report describes the results of a series of experiments which were
conducted to augment the data presented in a previous report (EPA
560-5-84-009). The work presented here includes both repeat runs of those
previously reported and also investigations of materials not previously
tested. The results of the repeat runs correlate well with the previously
reported results. The formation of PCDFs and PCDDs from the PCB-spiked
mineral oil, as well as the calculated destruction efficiencies for PCBs
closely match the previously reported results. The repeat chlorobenzene
runs show higher levels of PCDF and PCDD formation than previously.
However, several concentrations in the previous report are 'greater than1
values; hence, comparison is difficult. Significant amounts of PCDFs and
-209-
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PCDDs were formed from the tetrachloroethylene fluid. The two high
temperature hydrocarbon fluids did not produce PCDFs or PCDDs. It appears
that, under these thermal destruction conditions, the extent of PCDF
formation varies among dielectric fluids by several orders of magnitude.
TITLE
AUTHOR
Regulatory Impact Analysis of the Use for PCs-Containing Electrical
Equipment ~ ~ •
(Final rept.)
Queenan, III, Charles J. ; Schnitzer, Michael M. ; Moll, Amy ; Ng, Sammy
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
ABSTRACT
Putnam, Hayes and Bartlett, Inc., Cambridge, MA.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of
Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
PB83-105742 (NTIS); EPA-560/4-82-004 (EPA)
EPA-68-01-5943; EPA-68-01-6287 (EPA Contract Numbers)
Jul 82
203P
On 12 February 1981, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of
Columbia Circuit ordered EPA to conduct a rulemaking concerning the use of
Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) in electrical equipment. EPA is now
authorizing the use of PCBs in eight types of equipment. This Regulatory
Impact Analysis was prepared to accompany the final rule. For each
equipment type, the base case is the case where the use of all PCB
equipment is authorized indefinitely. Alternatives include equipment
phase-outs of varying length, retrofilling, secondary containment, and
inspection and maintenance programs to reduce spill volume and/or exposure.
The benefits of alternative regulations are the avoided injury to health
and environment that would otherwise have resulted from the incremental
release of PCBs into the environment.
-210-
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TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
Organization
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
NOTE
ABSTRACT
Release of Polychlorinated Biphenyls from Contaminated Lake Sedi,
Flux and Apparent Diffusivitles of Four Individual PCBs
(Journal article)
Fisher, J. Berton ; Petty, Robert L. ; Lick, Wilbert
Case Western Reserve Univ., Cleveland, OH.
California Univ., Santa Barbara.; Environmental Research
Lab.-Duluth, MN.
PB83-247445 (NTIS); EPA-600/J-83-035 (EPA)
EPA-R-807308 (EPA Contract Number)
c!983 15p
Prepared in cooperation with California Univ., Santa Barbara.
Pub. in Environmental Pollution (Series B) 5, p!21-132 1983.
Not available from NTIS.
The release of four individual polychlorinated biphenyls
(2,3',5-trichlorobiphenyl, 2,2',4,5'-tetrachlrobiphenyl, 2,2',4,5,5'- and
2,2',3',4,5-pentachlorobiphenyl) from heavily contaminated Waukegan Harbor
Illinois, USA, sediments was studied in a laboratory microcosm!
Polychlorinated biphenyls released from the sediments to overlying water
were collected on a polyurethane foam trap. Release rate was a function of
sediment concentration, chlorine substitution pattern and degree of
chlorination. Because of their small apparent diffusivity, PCBs in
contaminated sediments are quickly removed from communication with
overlying water If the sediments are not affected by physical resuspension
bioturbation or bioaccumulation. '
TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
NOTE
Report on the Feasibility of APEG Detoxification of Dioxin-Contaminated
Soils ~~ " '
(Technical rept. Dec 82-Dec 83)
Klee, A. ; Rogers, C. ; Tiernan, T.
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati, OH.
Wright State Univ., Dayton, OH.
PB84-170059 (NTIS); EPA-600/2-84-071 (EPA)
Mar 84 75p
Prepared in cooperation with Wright State Univ., Dayton, OH.
-211-
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ABSTRACT
The project was designed to verify in proof-of-principle studies, the
efficacy of newly developed chemical reagents to destroy
2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) dissolved in a solvent (toluene)
and in contaminated soil samples from two locations in Missouri. The study
demonstrated that alkali based polyethylene glycol reagents under ambient
conditions can completely destroy within 48 hours 510 nanograms of TCDD
dissolved in toluene. Also, in laboratory studies the APEG reagents
significantly reduced within 21 days the 330 ppb of TCDD in a Missouri soil
by 25 percent with a single APEG application and 68 percent with two APEG
applications. This study has accomplished its proof-of-principle objective,
however, further research is required and is to be initiated in FY-84 to
establish optimal methods for applying APEGs to TCDD, PCBs and other toxic
haloorganics in contaminated soils and waste materials.
TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
NOTE
ABSTRACT
Residues of PCS (Polychlorinated Biphenyls) in a 'Cladophora' Community
Along the Lake Huron Shoreline
(Journal article)
Anderson, M. L. ; Rice, C. P. ; Carl, C. C.
Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor. Great Lakes Research Div.
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
PB84-101773 (NTIS); EPA-600/J-82-387 (EPA)
EPA-R-806800 (EPA Contract Number)
1982 8p
Pub. in Jnl. of Great Lakes Research, v8 nl p!96-200 1982.
PCB residues were measured in samples of Cladophora, Ulothrix, net
plankton, water, and fish collected in the Harbor Beach area of Lake Huron.
The PCB patterns in the samples were found to match a mixture of Aroclor
1242 and 1254. Aroclor 1242 represented about 60% of the mixture in all the
samples except the fish, where Aroclor 1242 represented about 75% of the
total PCB measured. The accumulation factors observed in the progression
from Cladophora to net plankton to fish were 1:15:30; these were similar to
the concentration factors (1:14:44) developed on these ecosystem
compartments in Lake Ontario during the 1972 IFYGL program.
-212-
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TITLE
Residues of PCB's and DDT in_j:he Western Lake Superior Ecosystem
(Journal article) •
AUTHOR Veith, G. D. ; Kuehl, D. W. ; Puglisi, F. A. ; Glass, G. E. ; Eaton, J.
G.
CORPORATE SOURCE Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Minn.
REPORT NUMBER PB-272 447/4 (NTIS); EPA/600/J-77/045 (EPA)
REPORT DATE 1977 14p
NOTE Pub- in Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology v5
P487-499 1977. Not available from NTIS. '
ABSTRACT
Fish from western Lake Superior (1972-73) contained DDT and
PCB residues at concentrations greater than 0.1 ppm. The
most predominant PCB's were those containing 3 to 6 chlorine
atoms per molecule, and GLC data indicated that the mixtures
were most like the commercial product Aroclor (R). Other
chlorinated contaminants identified by GC/MS analyses and
occurring at concentrations less than 0.1 ppm were hexachloro-
benzene (C6C16), chlordane, nonaclor, and dieldrin. Lindane
which has been previously reported in Lake Superior, was
below the detection limit of approximately 0.01 ppm. The
relationship between the size of lake trout and the concen-
tration of total DDT in the fish was compared to measurements
reported in previous studies. The comparison suggests that
DDT residues have declined since 1968. Descriptors: *Pest-
icides; *Fishes; *Lake Superior; DDT; Residues; Biphenyls;
Chlorine organic compounds; Trout; Concentration(Composition);
Size determination; Chlorodan; Naphthalene compounds; Ben-
zene; Dieldrin; Chlorohydrocarbons; Halohydrocarbons; Toler-
ances (Physiology)
TITLE
Residues of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in the General Population of the
United States " ~
AUTHOR Kutz, Frederick W. ; Strassman, S. C.
CORPORATE SOURCE Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C
REPORT NUMBER PB-276 331/6
REPORT DATE 1973 5p
-213-
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NOTE
ABSTRACT
Pub. in unidentified Jnl.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Pesticide Content in Food and
Man, PB-276 326. Order as PB-276 326 from NTIS.
Residues of polychlorinated biphenyls have been found in human tissue and
in milk collected from the general population of the United States. In a
national survey of human adipose tissue during fiscal years 1973 and 1974,
35.1 and 40.3 percent, respectively, of the tissue collected contained
levels of Ippm or more of polychlorinated biphenyls on a wet-weight basis.
Electron capture-gas chromatographic analysis of this tissue revealed that
the compounds found in adipose tissue were most comparable to those
prevalent in Aroclor 1254 and Aroclor 1260. Additionally, semi-quantitative
estimation of these residues was accomplished by thin-layer chromatography.
Evidence from gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry indicated that
the most frequently encountered polychlorinated biphenyl residues were
penta-, hexa-, and heptachloro-biphenyl compounds.
TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
NOTE
ABSTRACT
Results of the Initial Trial Burn of the EPA-ORD (Environmental
Protection Agency-Office of Research and Development) Mobile Incineration
System " ~~ ~ •
Yezzi, Jr., J. J. ; Brugger, J. E. ; Wilder, I. ; Freestone, F. ; Miller,
K » A •
Municipal Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati, Edison, NJ. Oil and
Hazardous Materials Spills Branch.
IT Corp., Edison, NJ.
PB84-168673 (NTIS); EPA-600/D-84-088 (EPA)
1984 36p
Prepared in cooperation with IT Corp., Edison, NJ.
This paper discusses the sampling and analytical methods for, the
implementation of, and the results of the initial trial burn conducted with
the EPA-ORD Mobile Incineration System. The system was developed to destroy
hazardous substances and toxic wastes on site. The trial burn program
consisted of five tests with different liquid feeds, (including
tetrachloromethane and PCBs) to evaluate the system's capability for
destroying organic hazardous substances while controlling emissions of HC1,
particulate matter, and hydrocarbons in compliance with the requirements of
the Federal RCRA and TSCA, as well as those of the New Jersey Department of
Environmental Protection.
-214-
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TITLE
AUTHOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
NOTE
ABSTRACT
Reversible and Resistant Components of PCS Adsorption-Desorption
Adsorbent Concentration Effects~
(Journal article")~
Di Toro, D. M. ; Horzempa, L. M. ; Casey, M. M. ; Richardson, W.
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Grosse He, MI. Large Lakes Research
Station.
PB83-189076 (NTIS); EPA-600/J-82-298 (EPA)
1982 16p
Pub. as Jnl. of Great Lakes Research 8(2), p336-349 1982.
It is the purpose of this paper to present the analysis of these
experimental data and to relate these findings to the conventional
descriptions of adsorption-desorption as applied to the computation of the
fate of PCB in natural water systems.
TITLE
Review of PCB Levels in the Environment
(Final rept.)
AUTHOR Finlay, Doris J. ; Siff, Frederick H. ; DeCarlo, Vincent J.
CORPORATE SOURCE Environmental Protection Agency, Dallas, Tex. Region VI.
REPORT NUMBER PB-253 735/5 (NTIS); EPA/560/7-76-001 (EPA)
REPORT DATE Jan 76 143p
ABSTRACT
This study reviews the current PCB data base to assess the PCB levels in
the environment on a national level; the full spectrum of PCB levels
reported in man and the environment were of interest. Data were obtained
from a number of national monitoring programs, the literature and many
unpublished reports. The data examined was inclusive to December 1, 1975.
It should be stressed at the outset, that due to the complexity and
difficulty of PCB identification and measurement, that levels reported are
not really comparable between different investigators. This aspect could
not be compensated for or identified in the data presented.
-215-
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TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
NOTE
ABSTRACT
Review of the Environmental Fate of Selected Chemicals
(Final rept. on Task T)"
Radding, Shirley B. ; Liu, David H. ; Johnson, Howard L. ; Mill, Theodore
Stanford Research Inst., Menlo Park, Calif.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. Office of
Toxic Substances.
PB-267 121/2 (NTIS); EPA/560/5-77/003 (EPA)
EPA-68-01-2681 (EPA Contract Number)
May 77 150p
See also Final rept. on Task 1 dated 10 Jan 75, PB-238 908.
A review of the recent literature on sources, production, environmental
fate, and bioaccumulation has been carried out by SRI on 26 classes of
compounds. These included epoxides, haloolefins, aldehydes, alkyl and
benzyl halides, peroxides, hydroperoxides and peracids, polyhalomethanes,
aromatic amines, polychlorinated biphenyls, azo dyes, carbamic acid esters,
hydrazines, acyl halides and ketene, phosphoric acid esters, aziridinesi
lactones, alkyl sulf ates , sulfones, aryl dialkyltriazenes , diazoalkanes ,'
haloalcohols, haloethers, hydroxylamines, nitrosamines, nitrofurans, and
azides.
-216-
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TITLE
Role °f Physico-Chemical Properties of Aroclors 1016 and 1242 in
Determining Their Fate and Transport in Aquatic Environments
(Journal article)"—
AUTHOR Paris, Doris F. ; Steen, William C. ; Baughman, George L.
CORPORATE SOURCE Environmental Research Lab., Athens, Ga.
REPORT NUMBER PB-282 367/2 (NTIS); EPA/600/J-78-014 (EPA)
REPORT DATE 1978 9p
NOTE
ABSTRACT
Pub. in Chemosphere v7 n4 , p319-325, 1978.
Water solubilities of Aroclors 1016 and 1242 and the sorption and
volatilization characteristics of the two polychlorinated biphenyls in
aqueous solutions were studied. Water solubilities of Aroclors 1016 and
1242 were 0.42(+ or - 0.08) and 0.34(+ or - 0.06) mg/1, respectively.
Partition coefficients for both Aroclors to bacteria and seston ranged from
1.2 to 8300. Volatilization studies indicate that the rate coefficient for
loss of Aroclor 1016 or 1242 from water is about one-fourtn the oxygen
reaeration rate coefficient for the same system.
-217-
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TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
NOTE
ABSTRACT
Sampling and Analysis Protocol for Assessing Organic Emissions from
Stationary Combustion Sources in Exposure Evaluation DivisionCombustion
Studies '
(Methods manual)
Stanley, J. S. ; Haile, C. L. ; Small, A. M. ; Olson, E. P.
Midwest Research Inst. , Kansas City, MO.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of
Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
PB86-147923/XAB (NTIS); EPA/560/5-82/014 (EPA)
EPA-68-01-5915 (EPA Contract Number)
Jan 82 40p
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Washington,
Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
DC. Office of
The sampling and analysis methods described in the report were
specifically designed for use in an ongoing nationwide survey of emissions
of organic pollutants from stationary combustion sources. The primary focus
of the survey is on polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and
polychlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons including polychlorinated biphenyls
(PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), and polychlorinated
dibenzofurans (PCDFs). To date, these procedures have been used by Midwest
Research Institute (MRI) to survey emissions from coal-fired utility
boilers, a co-fired (coal + refuse-derived fuel) utility boiler, and a
municipal refuse incinerator. The document was prepared by MRI as a
guideline for laboratories who may participate in the study, and for other
researchers who wish to use these methods.
TITLE
Sampling Survey Related to Possible Emission of Polychlorinated Biphenvls
(PCBs) from the Incineration of Domestic Refuse
AUTHOR Timm, Christopher M.
CORPORATE SOURCE Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, 111. Region V.
REPORT DATE Nov 75 53p
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ABSTRACT
During the three week period October 20-Novetnber 7, 1975 bient and
stack sampling for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were conducted at a
domestic incinerator in an effort to quantify the levels of PCB emissions
associated with the incineration of domestic refuse. The stack sampling was
performed at an incinerator equipped with an electrostatic precipitator
using a modified EPA Method 5 sampling train. Xylene was used as the
solvent for any gaseous PCBs present in the effluent. Ambient sampling was
conducted, upwind and downwind of the incinerator, using hexane as the
solvent in duplicate sets of three impingers In series. It was concluded
that the particulate emissions contain PCBs; however, the amount emitted
does not result in a measurable increase in existing ambient levels of PCB-
the presence of PCBs in the vapor state could not be established because of
contamination in the xylene used as the solvent; and the use of hexane as
the absorbing reagent is appropriate for ambient sampling.
TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
NOTE
ABSTRACT
Short Cycling of Contaminants by Zooplankton and Their Impact on Great
Lakes Ecosystems""
(Journal article)
McNaught, D. C.
Minnesota Univ., Minneapolis. Dept. of Ecology and Behavioral Biology.
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth.
PB84-123819 (NTIS); EPA-600/J-82-408 (EPA)
EPA-R-804573 (EPA Contract Number)
c!982 lip
Pub. in Jnl. of Great Lakes Research, v8 n2 p360-366 1982.
Not available from NTIS.
Field evidence for short cycling of organic contaminants, from sources at
the air-water interface directly into the zooplankton and fishes, has
generally been lacking in the literature. The potential mechanisms,
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however, have been intensively explored; these are dominated by the
formation of organic platelets at the air-water interface and the
availability to grazers of other forms of suspended detritus.
Susceptibility of the zooplankton to short cycling of contaminants thus
depends upon their demonstrated propensity to feed near the surface of the
lakes. As contrasted with missing environmental information, experimental
evidence for short cycling is clear; the experimental inclusion of small,
organic particles along with natural assemblages of nannoplankton increased
PCB loading to the zooplankton 2.3 times. Further field evidence on the
magnitude of short cycling must be sought, because contaminants soluble in
oils influence the entire food chain. (Copyright (c) Internat. Assoc. Great
Lakes Res. 1982.)
TITLE
AUTHOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
NOTE '
ABSTRACT
Simplified Micro Perchlorination Method for Polychlorinated Biphenyls in
Biological Samples
(Journal article)
Crist, Howard L. ; Moseman, Robert F.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle Park, N.C. Environmental
Toxicology Div.
PB-278 379/3 (NTIS); EPA/600/J-77/102 (EPA)
25 Mar 77 7p
Pub. in the Jnl. of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists, v60
n6 pl277-1281 1977.
A simplified methodology is presented for the micro determination of
polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in biological samples, by conversion to
the decachlorobiphenyl (DCB) derivative. Beef adipose tissue and human milk
extracts were fortified with PCB standards at 0.1-5.0 ppm, and
perchlorinated with antimony pentachloride (SbC15). Several Aroclors
representing various degrees of chlorine content were investigated to
assess the efficiency of conversion to DCB. Samples were cleaned up on a
Florisil mini column and the PCBs were quantitated by electron capture GLC.
Several chlorinated pesticides which were subjected to the perchlorination
procedure did not interfere. As little as 0.1 ppm PCBs in 500 mg tissue
extract can be recovered at 79-99%. The background DCB content of several
brands of SbC15 was determined. The levels of PCBs in human milk obtained
by perchlorination technique are compared with data acquired by electron
capture gas-liquid chromatography in which the individual chlorobiphenyls
in the sample are measured.
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TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
ABSTRACT
Size Dependent Model of Hazardous Substances in Q Aquatic Food Chain
Thomann, Robert V.
Manhattan Coll., Bronx, N.Y.
Environmental Research Lab.,-Duluth, Minn.
PB-281 009/1 (NTIS); EPA/600/3-78/036 (EPA)
EPA-R-803680 (EPA Contract Number)
Apr 78 51p
A model of toxic substance accumulation is constructed that introduces
organism size as an additional independent variable. The model represents
an ecological continuum through size dependency; classical compartment
analyses are therefore a special case of the continuous model. Size
dependence is viewed as a very approximate ordering of trophic position
The analysis of some PCB data in Lake Ontario is used as an illustration of
the theory. A completely mixed water volume is used. Organism size is
considered from 100 micrometers to 1,000,000 micrometers. PCB data were
available for 64 micrometers net hauls, alewife, smelt, sculpin and coho
salmon. The analysis indicated that about 30% of the observed 6.5
micrograms PCB/gm fish as the coho salmon size range is due to -transfer
from lower levels in the food chain and about 70% from direct water intake.
The model shows rapid accumulation of PCB with organism size due
principally to decreased excretion rates and decreased biomass at higher
trophic levels.
TITLE
AUTHOR
Sources of Emissions of Polychlorinated Biphenyls into the Ambient
Atmosphere and Indoor Air ~ '
MacLeod, Kathryn E.
CORPORATE SOURCE Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC. Analytical
Chemistry Branch.
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
PB-297 122/4 (NTIS); EPA/600/4-79/022 (EPA)
Mar 79 81p
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ABSTRACT
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) have been identified in air samples from
many parts of the world since 1960s. This study was undertaken to identify
and compare different sources of PCB in indoor and outdoor air. All
sampling was performed in central North Carolina. The suspected sources
that were tested were flourescent light ballasts, landfills, electrical
substations, a transformer manufacturer, and the sites of illegal dumpings.
Defective light ballasts emit large quantities of PCB and are an important
indoor source. Capacitors in small electrical equipment may also be an
important source. In general, indoor air levels of PCB were at least one
order of magnitude higher than outdoor levels. The data indicate that the
landfills and electrical substations tested are not major sources of PCB.
The transformer manufacturer had elevated levels of PCB in the immediate
area of the plant but did not contribute greatly to the levels found off
the property. The spill sites also had elevated levels of the contaminant
in their immediate area, but the levels 50-100 m away were normal for rural
areas.
TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
NOTE
ABSTRACT
State Roles/Activities Session, March 3, 1977, 1;00 P. M.
Hesse, John ; Kleinart, Stanton ; Miller, Warren ; Duprey, Robert
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, 111. Air and Hazardous
Materials Div.
Michigan Dept. of Natural Resources, Lansing.; Wisconsin Dept.
of Natural Resources, Madison.; Illinois State Environmental Protection
Agency, Springfield.
PB-256 148/7 (NTIS); EPA/905/9-77/005 (EPA)
3 Mar 77 72p
Prepared in cooperation with Michigan Dept. of Natural Resources,
Lansing, Wisconsin Dept. of Natural Resources, Madison, and Illinois State
Environmental Protection Agency, Springfield. See also PB-265 147.
These panelists talked about their State agencies that are directly
concerned with the Toxic Substances Control Act. They stated their concerns
about the Act, specifically dealing with its repercussions, funding, and
potential problems in putting the Act into effect and enforcing it. 'Those
speaking represented the States of Michigan, Wisconsin, Illinois, as well
as the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region V. A brief period of
questions and answers followed the panelists' comments. The major thrust of
the programs are concerned with the contaminants such as mercury and PCB's
which accumulate in fish and other animals.
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TITLE
AUTHOR
Statement of Concerns of the Lake Michigan Toxic Substances Committee
Related to Polychlorinated Biphenvls~
Bremer, Karl E.
CORPORATE SOURCE Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, 111. Region V.
REPORT DATE Jun 75 31p
ABSTRACT
On May 22-23, 1975, a meeting of the Lake Michigan Toxic Substances
Committee was called to discuss the concerns of the states and Federal
agencies related to problems with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). At the
conclusion of this meeting a number of concensus conclusions were drawn and
a recommendation was made to ban nationally all domestic and imported PCBs
destined for use other than in transformers and capacitors and that even
that use be critically reviewed in light of currently available or
potential replacement products. This report presents evidence to support
the conclusions drawn and the recommendation.
TITLE
AUTHOR
Studies on Measurement of PCS in Exhaust Gases (Haigasuchu no PCS no
Sokutei ni Tsuite)
Kawase, Z. ; Arai, M. ; Yoshida, Y.
CORPORATE SOURCE Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, N.C. Translation
Services Section.
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
NOTE
ABSTRACT
PB-259 071-T (NTIS); EPA-TR-76-544 (EPA)
1973 7p
Trans, of Taiki Osen Kenkyu (Japan) v8 n3 p598 Oct 73.(PC A02/MF A01)
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) in the combustion gas of domestic refuse
were measured at two incinerators. First, the measurement method was
devised by examination of absorbent and capturing rates. The tests using
several organic solvents showed that 10% glycerine solution yielded the
best result. For a capturing device, between a flask and an absorption jar,
a tube packed with glass wool was installed. The capturing rate of the tube
was 83%, and together with the absorption jar, the total capturing rate was
96%, and in some cases 97.9%. This method was then applied to the
combustion gas of incinerators. The PCB content in the gas was small, with
the maximum measurement of 0.30 microgram/N cu m, which was captured in the
tube; there was no trace in the absorbent.
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TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
NOTE
ABSTRACT
Study of PCB Destruction Efficiency and Performance for a Coal Fired
Utility Boiler. Volume 2. Test Protocol "
(Final rept. Mar 80-May 82)~
Whitmore, F. C. ; Barden, J. D.
Versar, Inc., Springfield, VA.
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.,
NC.
Research Triangle Park,
PB84-110154 (NTIS); EPA-600/2-83-101B (EPA)
EPA-68-02-3181 (EPA Contract Number)
Oct 83 89p
See also Volume 1, PB84-110147.
As a result of the actions of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
in banning the manufacture of PCBs and in requiring that PCBs and PCB
contaminated material still in service be withdrawn as soon as is
practical, there is a large and growing reservoir of PCB-contarainated
hydrocarbons in the United States. In any case, many of these contaminated
materials possess significant energy content and therefore could serve as
fuel for some industrial processes. In this era of very high fuel costs,
there is great demand for PCB-contaminated materials to be used as fuel. A
further impetus in this direction is the fact that the PCB Disposal
Regulations (referred to herein as the Regulations) specify that
incineration is the preferred method of disposal of PCBs and of
PCB-contaminated materials. In view of these considerations, it is highly
desirable that a series of co-firing experiments be carried out on a
coal-fired high efficiency power boiler. Such a test series is described in
this document.
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TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
NOTE
ABSTRACT
Study of PCS Destruction Efficiency and Performance for a Coal-Fired
Utility Boiler. Volume 1. Test and Evaluation"
(Final rept. Mar 80-May 82)
Whitmore, F. C. ; Barden, J. D.
Versar, Inc., Springfield, VA.
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.
NC.
Research Triangle Park,
PB84-110147 (NTIS); EPA-600/2-83-101A (EPA)
EPA-68-02-3138 (EPA Contract Number)
Oct 83 79p
See also Volume 2, PB84-110154.
The report gives results of an evaluation of the adequacy of a large
coal-fired utility boiler for disposal of oils containing 50-499 ppm of
PCBs under conditions set by the PCB Disposal Regulations. TVA's Widows
Creek Boiler No. 1 was used for the tests. In these tests, all effluent
streams were sampled and analyzed, to determine representative values of
Destruction Efficiency (DE) for this technology. On the basis that both the
flue gases and the fly ash could have contained PCB concentrations just
below the quantifiable level, the minimum (worst case) DE can be
determined. The class of high heating value materials (such as used
tranformer oil, etc.) that exhibit PCB concentrations between 50 and 500
ppm of PCBs can only be burned in high efficiency power boilers (or in PCB
incinerators). It has been a matter of some concern that the ability of
such high efficiency boilers to produce acceptable destruction efficiencies
(DE) be determined in representative systems. The report that follows will
discuss a series of tests on a coal-fired boiler which addresses this
concern.
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TITLE
Summary Characterizations of Selected Chemicals of Near-Term Interest
(Final rept) ~—
CORPORATE SOURCE Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Toxic
Substances.
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
NOTE
ABSTRACT
PB-292 419/9 (NTIS); EPA/560/4-76/008 (EPA)
Sep 76 3lp
See also report dated Sep 75, PB-246 356.
This report includes summary characterizations of 8 chemicals of
near-term concern to EPA. The report summarizes (a) health and ecological
effects and environmental behavior, (b) sources, environmental levels and
exposed populations, (c) technologic and economic aspects and (d) steps
that have been taken and are being taken.
TITLE
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 1): Picillo Farm,
Rhode Island, September 1985
ouperruna Kecora or \
Rhode Island, September
(Final rept)
CORPORATE SOURCE Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
REPORT NUMBER PB86-133998/XAB (NTIS); EPA/ROD/R01-85/012 (EPA)
REPORT DATE 30 Sep 85 72p
Coventry
ABSTRACT
The Picillo Farm site is located in Coventry, Rhode Island, approximately
20 miles southwest of Providence. Drums containing hazardous wastes and
bulk wastes were illegally disposed within an 8-acre area of the Picillo
Farm over a period of months in 1977. A series of trenches—the northwest
trench, northeast trench, west trench, south trench, and two slit
trenches—were used for this activity. In September 1977, an explosion and
fire at the site brought the dumping activities to the attention of
regulatory agencies. Since September 1977, a number of investigations and
remedial activities have been conducted at the site. PCBs, organics, and
phenols were identified in onsite soil. The selected remedial actions are
included.
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TITLE
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 1): Re-Solve, Inc Site
Massachusetts. July 1982 ' :
(Final rept)
CORPORATE SOURCE Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
REPORT NUMBER PB85-213627/XAB (NTIS); EPA/ROD/R01-82/004 (EPA)
REPORT DATE 1 Jul 82 13p
NOTE
ABSTRACT
See also PB85-213619 and PB85-213635.
Also available in set of 6 reports, PB85-213585.
The Re-Solve, Inc. site was used as a solvent reclamation facility for
approximately 24 years until operations ceased in 1980. High concentrations
of PCB's, volatile organics and heavy metals have been measured. These
contaminants are migrating off-site via surface runoff and ground water.
The contaminated ground water plume is migrating towards a recreational
pond which drains into a lake designated as a secondary water supply for
the City of Fall River. In addition, the site is located over an aquifer
which serves as a recharge area for a portion of the Town of North
Dartmouth where a new municipal well is scheduled to be installed. The
cost-effective remedial action for this site includes: removing contents of
four unlined lagoons, soil from 'hot spots', and soil from a former oil
spreading area for disposal off-site at a RCRA approved facility. Capping
of the entire 6-acre site is also included. The estimated capital cost for
the selected alternative is $3,050,000. Annual operation and maintenance
costs were estimated to be $36,000.
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TITLE
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 2): Burnt Fly Bog Site, New
Jersey, November 1983~"~~~
(Final rept)
CORPORATE SOURCE Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
REPORT NUMBER PB85-213676/XAB (NTIS); EPA/ROD/R02-83/002 (EPA)
REPORT DATE 16 Nov 83 27p
NOTE
ABSTRACT
See also PB85-213668 and PB85-21368A.
Also available in set of 11 reports PC E99, PB85-213650.
The Burnt Fly Bog site is located in Marlboro Township, Monmouth County
and Old Bridge Township, Middlesex County, New Jersey. Between 1950 and
1956, the site had been used for lagoon storage and settling of reprocessed
oil, storage of filter clay from oil reprocessing operations, sanitary
landfilling, and sand and gravel pit operations. During these operations,
hazardous substances were improperly disposed of resulting in contamination
throughout the 60-acre study area. The selected remedial action for this
site includes: excavation and disposal off-site liquids, sludges, asphalt
piles, drums, contaminated soil from lagoons and wetlands, restore site
contours and vegetation; monitor ground water for 5-year period. The
approach is a three-phase action. Capital costs for the selected
alternative are estimated at $2,200,000 for Phase I, $5,110,000 for Phase
II and $60,000 per year for operation and maintenance.
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TITLE
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 2^: Bridgeport Site, New Jersey
December 1984 "—
(Final rept)
CORPORATE SOURCE Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
REPORT NUMBER EPA/ROD/R02-84/001 (EPA)
PB85-213668/XAB (NTIS)
REPORT DATE
NOTE
ABSTRACT
31 Dec 84 60p
See also PB85-213676. Portions of this document are not fully legible.
Also available in set of 11 reports PC E99, PB85-213650.
This 30-acre site is located approximately one mile east of the Town of
Bridgeport and about two miles south of the Delaware River. The site is an
abandoned waste oil storage and recovery facility which operated from 1950
through the early 1970's. The site includes a tank farm consisting of 90
tanks and process vessels, drums, tank trucks and a 12.7 acre waste oil and
wastewater lagoon. The lagoon is divided into three layers: an oily upper
layer, an aqueous middle layer, and bottom sludge/sediment deposits.
Sampling of these lagoon layers and the ground water reveal average PCB
concentrations in excess of 500 ppm; organics, such as benzene, methylene
chloride and toluene, at concentrations up to 1,000 ppb; and acetone at
levels up to 70 ppm. The cost-effective remedial alternative selected for
the first operable unit includes disposal of oily waste and sediment/sludge
via on-site incineration; removal and disposal of contaminated water via an
on-site treatment system; drum excavation and removal; maintenance pumping
to prevent further migration of the contaminated plume; complete removal of
tanks and waste; installation of a water supply pipeline from an existing
pump station; and a second phase RI/FS to determine appropriate ground
water cleanup and lagoon closure remedies. The estimated total project
capital cost for this remedy is $57,672,000 and the estimated 10-year
operation and maintenance costs for the water supply pipeline is $20,000.
TITLE
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 2): Chemical Control Site
Elizabeth, New Jersey, September 1983"~
(Final rept)
CORPORATE SOURCE Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
REPORT NUMBER PB85-213684/XAB (NTIS); EPA/ROD/R02-83/003 (EPA)
REPORT DATE 19 Sep 83 8p
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NOTES
ABSTRACT
See also PB85-213676 and PB8-213692.
Also available in set of 11 reports, PB85-213650.
The Chemical Control site is located in the City of Elizabeth in Union
County, New Jersey. This site operated as a hazardous waste storage,
treatment and disposal facility accepting various types of chemicals
including acids, arsenic bases, cyanides, flammable solvents, PCBs,
compressed bases, biological agents, and pesticides. The cost-effective
remedial action selected for this site includes removal of gas cylinders,
reconstruction of storm sewer catch basins and grates, cleaning of the
storm sewer system, construction of curbing and decontamination of five box
haulers and one vacuum truck on-site. The hazardous materials generated by
these remedial actions will be transported off-site to a RCRA approved
disposal site. The estimated project cost is $732,500.
TITLE
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 2): Goose Farm, Plumsted
Township, New Jersey, September 1985~
(Final rept)
CORPORATE SOURCE Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
REPORT NUMBER PB86-133972/XAB (NTIS); EPA/ROD/R02-85/016 (EPA)
REPORT DATE 27 Sep 85 112p
ABSTRACT
The Goose Farm site is located approximately two miles northeast of the
Town of New Egypt in Plumsted Township, Ocean County, New Jersey. The Goose
Farm was used as a hazardous waste disposal site from the mid 1940's to the
mid 1970's by a manufacturer of polysulfide rubber and solid rocket fuel
propellant. The majority of wastes were dumped into a pit dug through the
fine sand. The dimensions of the pit were approximately 100 x 300 x 15
feet. Lab packs, 55 gallon drums, and bulk liquids were dumped into the
pit. Investigations have found contaminated soils containing volatile, acid
and base/neutral organic pollutants throughout the disposal area. In
addition, sampling shows contamination of ground water up to 570 ppm total
priority pollutants and contamination of the surface water up to 1100 ppb
total volatile organics. The recommended remedial alternative for this site
is expected to be implemented in a phased manner.
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TITLE
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 2): Hudson River PCBs
(Polychlorinated Biphenyls) Site.
(Final rept)
New York, September 1984
CORPORATE SOURCE Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
REPORT NUMBER PB85-213692/XAB (NTIS); EPA/ROD/R02-84/004 (EPA)
REPORT DATE 25 Sep 84 48p
NOTE
ABSTRACT
See also PB85-213684 and PB85-213700. Portions of this document are not
fully legible.
Also available in set of 11 reports, PB85-213650.
During a 30-year period ending in 1977, the Hudson River was contaminated
with polychlortnated biphenyls (PCBs) from two capacitor manufacturing
plants owned by the General Electric Company. Field surveys have shown that
PCS contamination is found in 40 submerged sediment hot spots, 5 exposed
shoreline remnant deposits, dredge spoils on the banks of the upper Hudson
River and in estuary sediments. The remedial alternative selected for this
site consists of in-place containment of remnant shoreline deposits. This
temporary solution includes: covering affected areas with an 18-inch thick
layer of subsoil followed by a 6-inch layer of topsoil, grading and seeding
the cover to minimize erosion and, if necessary, bank stabilization to
prevent scouring. An alternative to address submerged PCB hot spots was not
selected at this time because of the lack of existing data to establish
that existing technology would be effective and reliable. The Strate will
conduct a dredging demonstration program using funds from Section 116 of
the Clean Water Act. If adequate, the information from this demonstration
project will be used to develop a remedial action which will address both
river sediments and the exposed remnant deposits.
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TITLE
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 2): Krysowaty Farm Site
~
Hillsborough, New Jersey, June 1984
(Final rept) "
CORPORATE SOURCE Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
REPORT NUMBER PB85-213700/XAB (NTIS); EPA/ROD/R02-84/005 (EPA)
REPORT DATE 20 Jun 84 48p
NOTE
ABSTRACT
See also PB85-213692 and PB85-213718. Portions of this document are not
fully legible.
Also available in set of 11 reports, PB85-213650.
The Krysowaty farm is located on a 42-acre tract of land in Hillsborough
Township, New Jersey. The disposal of chemical wastes at the site was
reported to have occurred between 1965 and 1970. An estimated 500 drums of
paint and dye wastes were dumped, crushed and buried at the site. In
addition to drums, other wastes including demolition debris, tires,
automobiles, bulk waste, solvents, waste sludge and other materials were
disposed at the site. The cost-effective remedial alternative selected for
this site is excavation and off-site disposal of contaminated soils and
wastes at a facility approved for PCBs and monitoring of existing on-site
wells semi-annually for a period of 5 years. A permanent alternative water
supply will also be provided to potentially affected residences as part of
the remedial action. The capital cost for the selected alternative is
$2,164,014 and the O&M costs for the project, which include water usage
cost (20 year present worth) and post closure environmental monitoring, are
$ 145,698.
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TITLE
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 2)
September 1984 '
Pijak Farm Site, New Jers
ev,
(Final rept)
CORPORATE SOURCE Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
REPORT NUMBER PB85-213742/XAB (NTIS); EPA/ROD/R02-84/009 (EPA)
REPORT DATE 30 Sep 84 43p
NOTE
ABSTRACT
See also PB85-213734 and PB85-213759.
fully legible.
Also available in set of 11 reports, PB85-213650.
Portions of this document are not
The Pijak Farm is located approximately two miles northeast of the Town
of New Egypt in Plumsted Township, Ocean County, New Jersey. The site is
approximately 87 acres and is relatively flat with portions that drop off
into a marshy, wooded flood plain. Between 1963 and 1970, drums and
free-flowing liquids from a facility disposing of specialty and research
chemicals were dumped into a natural ditch which traversed the site and
were later covered with soil. The deteriorated remains of drums are visible
along the edge of the flood plain. Contaminants found at the site include:
halogenated hydrocarbons, PCBs, phenolic compounds and oil sludges. The
principle contaminants found onsite are not priority pollutants. The
cost-effective remedial alternative selected for this site includes:
removal and off-site disposal of all drums and lab packs to a RCRA
facility; excavation and off-site disposal of visibly contaminated soil to
a RCRA facility; pumping and removal of contaminated ground water, as
necessary, during excavation; monitoring on-site wells, annually, 'for a
five year period and sediment control during excavation and sampling
efforts. The capital cost for the selected alternative is estimated to be
$1,962,750 and the five-year O&M ground water monitoring costs are
estimated to be $53,600.
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TITLE
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 2): PAS (Pollution Abatement
Services) Oswego Site, New York, June 1984~
(Final rept)
CORPORATE SOURCE Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
REPORT NUMBER PB85-213734/XAB (NTIS); EPA/ROD/R02-84/008 (EPA)
REPORT DATE 6 Jun 84 32p
NOTE
ABSTRACT
TITLE
See also PB85-213726 and PB85-213742.
Also available in set of 11 reports, PB85-213650.
The Pollution Abatement Services (PAS) site, which is located in the City
of Oswego, NY, was used as a chemical waste storage and processing
facility. The site is bounded on the east, north, and west by wetlands from
two stream channels. Just to the north of PAS the two streams converge and
flow into Lake Ontario. The soil and ground water are contaminated with
waste acids and alkalis, PCB-contaminated solids and liquids, halogenated
organics, organic resins, and heavy metal-laden wastewater. The
cost-effective remedial alternative includes: limited excavation and
removal of contaminated soil, subsurface tanks, and drums to a RCRA
approved landfill; construction of a perimeter slurry wall; site grading
and capping in accordance with RCRA Part 264; ground water recovery;
leachate collection; on-site ground water and leachate treatment; and
ground water monitoring in accordance with RCRA Part 264. The capital cost
for the selected alternative is $1,363,700 and the annual O&M cost is
$117,000.
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 2); Wide Beach Development Site
Brant Township, New York, September 1985"
(Final rept)
CORPORATE SOURCE Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
REPORT NUMBER PB86-133840/XAB (NTIS); EPA/ROD/R02-85/018 (EPA)
REPORT DATE 30 Sep 85 98p
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ABSTRACT
The Wide Beach Development site Is a small lake-side community located in
the Town of Brant, in southern Erie County, New York. Between 1968 and 1978
approximately 155 cubic meters of waste oil, some of which was contaminated
with Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs), was applied to the local roadways
for dust control by the Wide Beach Homeowners Association. The source of
the waste oil is being investigated, however, drums labeled as dielectric
coolant were found onsite. In 1980, the installation of a sanitary sewer
line in the development resulted in the excavation of highly contaminated
soil from the roadways and their vicinity. Because it was not known at that
time that a PCB problem existed, excavated soil was used as fill in several
yards and in a community recreation area. Subsequent sampling revealed the
presence of PCBs in the air, roadway dust, soil, vacuum cleaner dust and
water samples from private wells. The selected remedial action for this
site is included.
TITLE
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 3): Harvey-Knott Drum Site, New
Castle County, Delaware, September 1985 ~'—
(Final rept)
CORPORATE SOURCE Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
REPORT NUMBER PB86-133915/XAB (NTIS); EPA/ROD/R03-85/017 (EPA)
REPORT DATE 30 Sep 85 54p
ABSTRACT
The Harvey-Knott Drum Site is located In New Castle County, Delaware
approximately one-half mile east of the Maryland-Delaware border. The
Harvey and Knotts Trucking, Inc., operated an open dump and burning ground
on the site between 1963 and 1969. The facility accepted sanitary
municipal, and industrial wastes believed to be sludges, paint pigments'
and solvents. Wastes were emptied onto the ground, into excavated trenches,'
or left in drums (some of which were buried). Some of these wastes were
either burned as a means of reducing waste volume, or allowed to seep into
the soil. Contamination of soil, surface water, and ground water has
occurred as a result of disposal of these industrial wastes. The selected
remedial action for this site is included.
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TITLE
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 3):
Forge, Pennsylvania, February 1983
(Final rept)
Lehigh Electric Site.
Old
CORPORATE SOURCE Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
REPORT NUMBER PB85-213825/XAB (NTIS); EPA/ROD/R03-83/005 (EPA)
REPORT DATE 11 Feb 83 39p
NOTE
ABSTRACT
See also PB85-213817 and PB85-213833.
Also available in set of 9 reports, PB85-213775.
The LeHigh Electric and Engineering Company site is located in Old Forge,
Pennsylvania and encompasses approximately 6.4 acres of property adjacent
to the Lackawanna River. Since the early 1960's the site has been used by
LeHigh Electric as an electrical equipment repair and storage yard. The
hazardous conditions at the site were created by indiscriminate handling
and disposal of PCBs. The site investigation found that PCBs are
concentrated in the surface soil layers from undetectable to 110,000 ppm.
The cost-effective remedial action selected for the site includes
excavation and off-site disposal of soils with a PCB concentration of 50
ppm or greater; additional soil excavation and removal where
cost-effective; demolition of the buildings on-site; backfilling, grading,
and vegetating of the site to minimize erosion and to control percolation
and run-off. The estimated capital cost for this remedial action is
$6,401,000 and monitoring and maintenance costs for the site over a 30-year
period is $46,000.
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TITLE
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 5)
Illinois, September 1985
Acme Solvents, Morristi
(Final rept)
CORPORATE SOURCE Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
REPORT NUMBER PB86-133881/XAB (NTIS); EPA/ROD/R05-85/026 (EPA)
REPORT DATE 27 Sep 85 55p
NOTE
ABSTRACT
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The Acme Solvents Reclaiming, Inc. facility is located approximately five
miles south of Rockford, Illinois. From 1960 until 1973, the facility
served as a disposal site for paints, oils and still bottoms from the
solvent reclamation plant located in Rockford. In addition, empty drums
were stored onsite. Wastes were dumped into depressions created from either
previous quarrying activities or by scraping over-burden from the near
surface bedrock to form berms. In September 1972, the Illinois Pollution
Control Board (IPCB) ordered Acme to remove all drums and wastes from the
facility and to backfill the lagoons. Follow-up inspections revealed that
wastes and crushed drums were being left onsite and merely covered with
soil. Sampling of the site revealed high concentrations of chlorinated
organics in the drinking water. The major source of hazardous substances at
the facility are the waste disposal mounds. These mounds contain "volatile
and serai-volatile organic compounds and concentrations of PCBs up to
several hundred mg/kg. The selected remedial action is included.
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TITLE
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 5): A and F Materials,
Site, Illinois (Initial Remedial Measure), November 1983"
(Final rept)"~~
Greenup
CORPORATE SOURCE Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
REPORT NUMBER PB8-213890/XAB(NTIS); EPA/ROD/R05-83/001 (EPA)
REPORT DATE 23 Nov 83 16p
NOTE
ABSTRACT
See also PB85-213908.
Also available in set of 9 reports, PB85-213882.
The site, a defunct waste solvent reclaiming/processing facility, is
located on three and thre^-quarters acres of land in Greenup, IL, and
includes thirteen steel storage tanks containing mixtures of waste' oils
contaminated with PCBs and organics, sludges, spent caustics, spent acids,
contaminated water and waste products. The tanks have a history of failure,'
creating a significant threat of hazardous substance release. In addition]
the site includes four storage lagoons of contaminated sludge and soil
which have a history of overflow problems. The site is underlain by ten
feet of silty material with a high permeability; beneath this silt layer
lies a sand and gravel aquifer which has been contaminated. The site has a
pronounced slope toward a river, is in a flood plain, and includes porous,
soil and high ground water table. The cost-effective Initial Remedial
Measure (IRM) selected for this site includes: off-site transportation and
all contaminated bulk liquids, oils and drums at a
facility. Additional actions will include a cooperative
conduct an RI/FS for soils, sludges and ground water
and the preparation of another ROD to address remedial
actions necessary to mitigate problems caused by the remaining
contaminants. The capital cost of the IRM is estimated to be $111,100.
disposal of
RCRA-approved
agreement to
contamination.
TITLE
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 5); Byron/Johnson Salvage Yard
Byron, Illinois, March 1983~
(Final rept)
CORPORATE SOURCE Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
REPORT NUMBER PB85-232148/XAB (NTIS); EPA/ROD/R05-85/010 (EPA)
REPORT DATE 13 Mar 85 32p
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ABSTRACT
Bvron TM? ?°n) 5 ^ ^ 8lte lS 1OCated 4 miles southwest of
Byron Illinois and consists of 20 acres of woodlands in a rural
agricultural area. The yard operated during the 1960's and early 1970's as
a salvage yard and unpermitted landfill. Domestic refuse and industrial
drums have been collected and sometimes buried on site. Ten surface water"
sampling points from nearby Woodland Creek and Rock River, and three ground
toxic SHmP!ln? P°in;s have yielded high concentrations of cyanide and other
PPR. Ch^cals lncluding ^ad, arsenic, halogenated organics and low-level
PCB s. The selected remedy for the Byron Salvage Yard consists of off-site
disposal of all surface and buried drums, off-site disposal of highly
contaminated soils which exhibit the EP toxicity characteristic, and
in-situ treatment with sodium hypochlorite and ammonia of all contaminated
soil containing greater than 1 Ppm cyanide. Off-site disposal would include
disposal at a lined, RCRA approved landfill and, if possible, incineration
or treatment of liquids. Total estimated cost for the selected remedial
ai^r?atir..iLrteStlmated C° be $M™,919 and O&M costs would be an
additional $6,000 per year.
TITL.
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 5); Berlin and Farr
"reek, Michigan, February 1984 " -—
it
(Final rept)
CORPORATE SOURCE Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
REPORT NUMBER PB85-213916/XAB (NTIS); EPA/ROD/R05-84/003 (EPA)
REPORT DATE 29 Feb 84 34p
NOTE
ABSTRACT
See also PB85-213908 and PB85-213924.
Also available in set of 9 reports PC E99, PB85-213882.
The Berlin and Farro Liquid Incineration site occupies 40 acres
approximately 3.5 miles south of the City of Swartz Creek, Michigan A
liquid waste incinerator was operated at the site from 1971 until the late
iy/U s, during which time liquid wastes were incinerated, stored in open
lagoons and underground tanks and poured into agricultural drains. Solid
wastes, contained primarily in crushed drums, were buried in various
on-site locations. The selected alternative to mitigate the uncontrolled
hazardous waste problem at the Berlin and Farro site involves four areas
They are: excavation of the existing drum Landfill and disposal of sludge
crushed drums, liquid wastes and visibly contaminated soil at a RCRA
facility; solids to be landfilled and liquids to be incinerated. Also
excavation of the paint sludge trench and disposal of sludges and visibly
contaminated soil at a RCRA facility. Also, excavation of the agricultural
drains leaving the site and miscellaneous areas of visible contamination
and disposal of wastes, sludge and visibly contaminated soil at a RCRA
facility. Supplemental sampling will be performed to determine if waste has
migrated below visibly contaminated areas.
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TITLE
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 5); Cemetery Dump Site
County, Michigan, September 198T ~
(Final rept)
Oakland
CORPORATE SOURCE Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
REPORT NUMBER PB86-133949/XAB (NTIS); EPA/ROD/R05-85/021 (EPA)
REPORT DATE 11 Sep 85 21p
ABSTRACT
The Cemetery Dump Site is located in Oakland County, Michigan,
approximately 35 miles northwest of Detroit. The 4 acre site was once used
as a sand and gravel pit which has been backfilled and cleared. Citizen
reports allege that approximately 300 to 600 barrels were dumped and buried
onsite in the late 1960s or early 1970s. In September 1981, the Michigan
Department of Natural Resources excavated and transported offsite
approximately 20 to 30 barrel fragments. Analysis of the barrel contents
indicated the presence of paint sludges, solvents, PCBs and oils. This ROD
is a source control remedial action that includes excavation and disposal
of approximately 250 drums at an offsite RCRA facility. Total capital cost
for the selected remedial action is estimated to be $1,883,261. Any
additional remedial actions will be addressed in a separate Record of
Decision upon completion of the RI/FS.
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TITLE
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 5): Laskin Poplar Oil
~
Jefferson, Ohio, August 1984
(Final rept)
it,
CORPORATE SOURCE Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
REPORT NUMBER PB85-213924/XAB (NTIS); EPA/ROD/R05-84/004 (EPA)
REPORT DATE 9 Aug 84 25p
NOTE
ABSTRACT
See also PB85-213916 and PB85-213932.
Also available in set of 9 reports PC E99, PB85-213882.
The Laskin Poplar Oil site includes several storage tanks and retention
ponds of waste oils, on about 9 acres in northeastern Ohio, Ashtabula
County. The waste oils contain PCBs, phenols, PAHS, sludges and other
organics, and both soils and surface waters have become contaminated. The
site has been involved in mudslides and flooding, and runoff and seepage
into Cemetery Creek pose the most obvious and immediate threat of
environmental contamination. The cost-effective remedial alternative for
this site includes: off-site incineration of contaminated water and waste
oil above and below 50 ppm PCB, using established technology. The capital
cost for the selected alternative was estimated to be $1,043,000; no O&M
activities were required for this Final Action.
TITLE
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 5): Outboard Marine Corporation
Site, Waukegan, Illinois, May 1984~
(Final rept)~
CORPORATE SOURCE Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
REPORT NUMBER PB85-213957/XAB (NTIS); EPA/ROD/R05-84/007 (EPA)
REPORT DATE 15 May 84 71p
NOTE
See also PB85-213940 and PB85-213965.
Also available in set of 9 reports PC E99, PB85-213882.
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ABSTRACT
The Outboard Marine Corporation (CMC) site is located north of Chicago on
the shore of Lake Michigan. It is the location of an outboard motor
manufacturing plant which used polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in its die
cast machines for about 20 years ending in the early 1970's. Discharges
from the facility resulted in highly contaminated sediment in Waukgan
Harbor and contaminated soil in the parking lot north of the plant and the
'North Ditch,' a tributary of Lake Michigan. The cost-effective option
considered for this site was excavation and off-site disposal of
PCB-contaminated material. This is the only option that meets the
requirements of TSCA and guarantees the halt of PCB migration. The cost of
this option is more than $75 million. Because of the high cost to implement
this option it was necessary to Fund Balance. Fund Balancing is appropriate
where the alternative that would fully satisfy the technical requirements
of other environmental laws is extremely expensive, and another alternative
which approaches the same level of effectiveness can be implemented for a
much lower cost. The Fund Balanced alternative for this site provides for
off-site disposal of PCB contaminated hot-spots and on-site containment of
the moderately contaminated materials. The cost of the Fund Balanced
selected alternative is estimated to be $21.57 million.
TITLE
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 5):
Wauconda, Illinois, September 1985"
(Final rept)
Wauconda Sand and Gravel
CORPORATE SOURCE Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
REPORT NUMBER PB86-133873/XAB (NTIS); EPA/ROD/R05-85/027 (EPA)
REPORT DATE 30 Sep 85 49p
ABSTRACT
The Wauconda Sand and Gravel Landfill site is located in Lake County,
Illinois, approximately two miles north of the Village of Wauconda. The
74-acre site is comprised of a 43-acre unpermitted landfill, a nine-acre
permitted landfill, nine acres which are excavated but unfilled, and 13
acres of perimeter site area. Before 1950, the site property was used as a
sand and gravel pit. From 1950 until 1977, Wauconda Sand and Gravel Company
operated the northern portion (43 acres unpermitted fill) of the site as a
landfill. Landfill operations during this period consisted of dumping
refuse into the mined-out gravel pit. The refuse deposited at the landfill
consisted of residential garbage, construction debris, some industrial
sludges and drums with undetermined contents. In 1980, a private well
adjacent to the eastern boundary of the landfill was sampled by Illinois
Environmental Protection Agency and inorganic, organic and PCB
contamination was detected. Additional investigations concluded that PCBs,
metals, and organics were contaminating the ground water and surface water
(Mutton Creek).
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TITLE
Superfund
March 1985
(Final rept)
Record of Decision (EPA Region 6): MOTCO, La Marque. Texas
CORPORATE SOURCE Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
REPORT NUMBER PB85-229086/XAB (NTIS); EPA/ROD/R06-85/005 (EPA)
REPORT DATE 15 Mar 85 56p
ABSTRACT
The MOTCO site is located about two miles southeast of the City of
LaMarque, TX and occupies approximately 11.3 acres near the junction of
State Highway 3 and the Gulf Freeway. The site has been used for recycling
styrene tars and disposal of industrial chemical wastes. Due to numerous
complaints, the City of LaMarque passed an ordinance prohibiting disposal
of liquid wastes in surface impoundments which forced the owners to close
the site. Subsequent owners attempted to recycle the wastes in the laroons
but later abandoned the project. The cost-effective remedial alternative
selected for this site involves transport of surface water in the
impoundments by pipeline to an industrial wastewater treatment plant, the
incineration of PCB liquid organics at the TSCA permitted facility,' the
incineration of non-PCB liquid organics at the RCRA permitted or interim
status facility, and off-site disposal of the tars/sludges and soils at a
RCRA (double-lined) facility. The estimated total cost for this alternative
is $42,300,000.
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TITLE
Superfund
Sacramento,
Record of
California,
Decision (EPA Region 9): Jibboom Junkyard
May 1985"~
(Final rept)
CORPORATE SOURCE Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
REPORT NUMBER PB85-229094/XAB (NTIS); EPA/ROD/R09-85/008 (EPA)
REPORT DATE 9 May 85 59p
ABSTRACT
The Jibboom Junkyard site is located on the east bank of the Sacramento
River, approximately 6,000 feet from the State Capital Building. The nine
acre site is the former location of the Associated Metals Company salvage
yard. Today, a majority of the site, 6.7 acres, is covered by Interstate 5
and the adjacent Jibboom Street. The property was used for a metal salvage
operation until 1965. All grades of metal were salvaged, including railroad
cars, army tanks, batteries, and some transformers. Results of the seven
EPA and DOHS sampling efforts indicate that there is extensive lead, zinc,
and copper contamination onsite. Most of the contamination is limited to
the top one foot of soil, and no offsite contamination has been detected.
Subsurface contamination above background levels was only detected at four
locations. The selected remedy for the Jibboom Junkyard consists of
excavation and removal of contaminated soils to a RCRA-approved offsite,
Class 1, hazardous waste disposal facility. The total capital cost of the
selected remedial alternative is estimated to be $1,460,000.
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TITLE
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 9): Taputimu Farm/Insul
Territories Site, American Samoa, Decemember 1983
(Final rept)~
CORPORATE SOURCE Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
REPORT NUMBER PB85-214146/XAB (NTIS); EPA/ROD/R09-83/006 (EPA)
REPORT DATE 27 Dec 83 Up
NOTE
ABSTRACT
See also PB85-214138 and PB85-214153.
Also available in set of 7 reports, PB85-214088.
The Taputirau Farm is a facility owned by the government of American Samoa
and is the territory's primary repository of unused and out-dated
agricultural chemicals and pesticides. The facility is constructed of
plywood walls with a corrugated metal roof and is located approximately a
quarter mile from a public beach. The remedial action alternative selected
for this site involves repacking or overpacking the chemical/pesticide
materials stored at the Taputirau Farm, decontaminating the storage
facilities and sealing the decontaminated surfaces, and transporting all
the waste materials to the U.S. mainland for disposal. The cost of this
remedial action is estimated to be $160,000.
TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
Support Document/Voluntary Environmental Impact Statement for
Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) Manufacturing. Processing, DistribTTtioir"in
Commerce, and Use Ban Regulation: Economic Impact Analysis
(Final rept.) '
Westin, Robert ; Woodcock, Bruce
Versar, Inc., Springfield, VA.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Toxic
Substances.
PB82-178500 (NTIS); EPA/560/3-82-001 (EPA)
EPA-68-01-4771 (EPA Contract Number)
30 Mar 79 315p
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ABSTRACT
This report summarizes the estimated economic impacts of PCB Ban
Regulations which implement the requirements of Sections 6(e)(2) and
6(fl)(3) of the Toxic Substances Control Act.
TITLE
AUTHOR
CORPORATE
SOURCE
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
NOTE
ABSTRACT
Synthesis of the Octa- and Nonachlorobiphenyl Isomers and Congeners and
their Quantitation in Commercial Polychlorinated Biphenyls and
Identification in Human Breast Milk "
(Journal article)
Mullin, M. ; S*wka, G. ; Safe, L. ; McCrindle, S. ; Safe, S.
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Grosse He, MI. Large Lakes Research
Station.
PB82-238981 (NTIS); EPA-600/J-81-551 (EPA)
May 82 7p
Prepared in cooperation with Guelph Univ. (Ontario).
The synthesis of all possible isomeric nona- and octachlorobiphenyls has
been accomplished by the Cadogan coupling of commercially available or
synthetic chlorinated anilines in the presence of excess chlorinated
benzenes and isoamyl nitrite. 2,3,4,6-Tetrachloroaniline was prepared by
the chlorination of 2,4,5-trichloroaniline. The synthetic polychlorinated
biphenyls (PCBs) were characterized by their proton magnetic resonance and
mass spectra and their purities determined by gas chromatographic analyses.
The PCB standards were used to unambiguously identify the deca-, nona-, and
octachlorobiphenyls present in human breast milk and in the commercial PCB
preparations Aroclors 1268, 1262, 1260, 1254, 1248, 1242, 1016, 1232 and
1221 utilizing high resolution glass capillary gas chromatography.
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TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
ABSTRACT
Systems Reliability and Performance: Pilot-Scale Incineration of
Chlorinated Benzenes at the Combustion Research Facility
(Rept. for Aug 83-Jan 84)
Whitmore, F. C. ; Ross, Jr., R. W. ; Durfee, R. L. ; Fowler, C. F. •
Sargent, D. H.
Versar, Inc., Pine Bluff, AR. Southern Operations.
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati, OH.
PB85-121184/XAB (NTIS); EPA/600/2-84/174 (EPA)
EPA-68-03-2128 (EPA Contract Number)
Oct 84 240p
A series of 34 test burns was conducted between August 1983 and January
1984 in the pilot-scale rotary kiln incineration system at the USEPA
Combustion Research Facility (CRF), using chlorinated benzenes as surrogate
Principal Organic Hazardous Components (POHCs), over a range of feed
compositions, POHC feed rates, rotary kiln temperatures, and afterburner
temperatures. The CRF rotary kiln system consistently produced Destruction
and Removal Efficiency (ORE) values above 99.99% for the chlorinated
benzenes POHCs. ORE values below 99.99% were obtained during several types
of failure mode simulations (flame-out in kiln or afterburner). A large
number of Products of Incomplete Combustion (PICs) were produced and
identified, a number of which are toxic or possibly carcinogenic.
Deliberate reduction of excess air levels resulted in significant
production of soot and PICs but did not produce higher levels of CO in the
combustion gases. Hot-zone sampling just downstream of each of the two
combustion chambers provided for the detailed study of PIC formation and
will facilitate the future development of models of the incineration
process. Helium injection techniques were used to determine combustion gas
flow rates and to measure residence time distributions (which directly
affect destruction efficiencies). This report was submitted in fulfillment
of Contract 68-03-3128 by Versar, Inc. under the Sponsorship of the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency.
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TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
ABSTRACT
Technical Assistance in Support of Permitting Activities for the Thermal
Destruction of PCBs " •
(Final rept.)
Mclnnes, Robert G.
GCA Corp., Bedford, MA. GCA Technology Div.
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Triangle Park
NC.
PB82-231325 (NTIS); EPA-600/2-81-240 (EPA)
EPA-68-02-3168 (EPA Contract Number)
Oct 81 78p
The report describes phased efforts to identify, evaluate, and provide
technical permitting assistance to utility boilers considering thermally
destroying PCB-contaminated mineral oil. The project also required that
State and Local Governments be provided information needed to aid
permitting of a PCB verification burn.
TITLE
The Determination of Organohalide Pesticides and PCBs in Industrial and
Municipal Wastewater; Method 617'~
(Final rept.)
AUTHOR Pressley, Thomas A ; Longbottora, James E.
CORPORATE SOURCE Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincinnati, OH.
REPORT NUMBER PB82-156001 (NTIS); EPA-600/4-82-006 (EPA)
Jan 82 35p
REPORT DATE
ABSTRACT
This is a gas chroraatographic (GC) method applicable to .the determination
of selected pesticides in municipal and industrial discharges as provided
under 40CFR 136.1. A sample is solvent extracted with 15% methylene
chloride in hexane using a separatory funnel. The extract is concentrated,
then analyzed by GC with an electron capture detector. A total of 29
pesticides and 7 PCBs are included in the method scope.
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TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
NOTE
ABSTRACT
The Ecological Impact of Synthetic Organic Compound!
Ecosystems ~
Est
Lincer, Jeffrey L., ; Haynes, Marieta E. ; Klein, Marian L.
Mote Marine Lab., Sarasota, Fla.
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, Fla.
PB-259 943/9 (NTIS); EPA/600/3-76/075 (EPA)
EPA-ROAP-10AKC-043 (EPA Contract Number)
Sep 76 364p
Bibliography
The review and indexed bibliography concerns the presence and effects of
pesticides (i.e., insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, etc ) and
industrial toxicants in the estuarine ecosystem. The industrial toxicants
refer, primarily, to polychlorinated biphenyls, but phthalate esters
polychlorinated terphenyls, chlorinated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans
are also discussed. The review covers literature of the last decade with
emphasis on the most recent 5 years. However, the 700-plus references in
the bibliography span a much wider range. A permuted keyword retrieval
system (SPINDEX) is provided to allow practical use of the bibliography by
scientists, academicians, and societal decision makers.
TITLE The Effect of Polychlorinated Biphenyls on Rat Reproduction
AUTHOR Linder, R. E. ; Gaines, T. B. ; Kimbrough, R. D.
CORPORATE SOURCE Environmental Protection Agency, Chamblee, Ga. Chamblee Toxicology Lab.
REPORT NUMBER PB-279 186/1 (NTIS)
REPORT DATE 15 Aug 73 16p
NOTE pub. in Fd Cosmet. Toxicol., v!2 p63-77 1974.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology. Group 5 PB-279
175. Order as PB-279 175 from NTIS. '
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ABSTRACT
The present investigation was initiated in 1970 to study the effects on
reproduction and pathology produced by two American-made PCB mixtures sold
under the trade-names Aroclor 1254 and Aroclor 1260. Aroclor 1254 contains
54% (w/w) chlorine and is composed of 11% tetra-, 49% penta-, 34% hexa- and
b/. heptachlorobiphenyls; Aroclor 1260 has 60% (w/w) chlorine with a
composition of 12% penta-, 38% hexa-, 41% septa-, 8% octa- and 1%
nonochlorobiphenyls. The present communication is an account of
reproduction studies in rats. Also included are acute toxicity values from
preliminary studies and comments on pathology and haematology in animals
from the reproduction experiments.
TITLE
The Response of Rainbow Trout 'Salmo gairdneri '
After Sublethal Exposures to PCB and Copper
to 'Aeromonas hydrophila
(Journal article)
AUTHOR Snarski, Virginia M.
CORPORATE SOURCE Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
REPORT NUMBER PB83-131136 (NTIS); EPA-600/J-82-241 (EPA)
REPORT DATE 1982 16p
NOTE
ABSTRACT
Pub. in Environmental Pollution Series A 28, p219-232 1982.
Rainbow trout were continuously exposed to sublethal PCB concentrations
for 30 days and infected with Aeromonas hydrophila or sham-injected.
Mortality of PCB-exposed infected fish was significantly lower than
control-infected fish. Survivors of the infection at all exposure
concentrations had elevated leucocrits and decreased haematocrits compared
with their respective shams. PCB-exposed sham fish had significantly higher
leucocrits at both concentrations and significantly lower haematocrits
compared with control-shams.
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TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
REPORT DATE
NOTE
ABSTRACT
of Polychlorinated Polycyclic Compounds and Related
Chemicals ~~ " •
Kimbrough, Renate D.
Center for Disease Control, Atlanta, Ga.
1974 54p
Pub. in the Toxicity of Polychlorinated Polycyclic Compounds and Related
Chemicals, Critical Reviews Toxicology, v2 p445-498 1974.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology. Group 4 PB-279
272. Order as PB-279 272 from NTIS.
The present review is an attempt to correlate various toxic effects
produced by the chemicals in order to better understand and appreciate
their behavior. The subjects covered in this article have lately enjoyed
great interest and a rapidly growing number of scientific reports are
available. Since a number of the chemicals discussed produce similar or
related effects, their toxicology is discussed together rather than listing
each compound separately, which would have led to a great deal of
repetition. A detailed discussion of the various chemical reactions,
analytical methods for the determination of the compounds, is not given!
The review has been written with the toxic effects of the various compounds
as the focal point and the literature cited serves to illustrate these
points. No attempt has been made to present a complete review of the
literature in this area.
TITLE
AUTHOR
Thermal Degradation Products from Dielectric Fluids
(Interim rept. no. 1)~ ~
Erickson, M. D. ; Cole, C. J. ; Flora, J. D. ; Gorman, P. G. ; Haile, C,
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, MO.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Toxic
Substances .
PB85-138535/XAB (NTIS); EPA/560/5-84/009 (EPA)
EPA-68-02-3938 (EPA Contract Number)
19 Nov 84 lOOp
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ABSTRACT
Electrical transformer fires can cause extensive smoke damage, especially
when polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are involved since they can form
polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and other toxic by-products. To
characterize the potential for by-product formation, this study* was
undertaken to optimize conditions for PCDF formation from PCBs and to study
the potential for formation of PCDFs and polychlorinated dibenzodioxins
(PCDDs) from combustion of selected dielectric fluids, including those
contaminated with PCBs. A bench-scale thermal destruction system was used
to combust the samples. The dielectric fluid was fed continuously using a
syringe pump. The concentrations of CO, C02, and 02 in the effluent were
monitored continuously. The entire effluent from the thermal destruction
system was passed through an XAD-2 trap to collect PCDFs and other
semivolatile organics. The XAD-2 trap and a rinse of connective tubing were
Soxhlet extracted. Extracts were cleaned using column chromatography to
isolate the PCDFs and PCDDs. All samples were analyzed for PCDFs using
HRGC/EIMS in the selected ion monitoring mode. The results of this work
indicate that the optimum conditions for PCDF formation from PCBs are near
675C for 0.8 s or longer, with 8% excess oxygen. Under these conditions,
percent levels of PCDFs are formed from mineral oil or silicone oil
contaminated with PCBs at 5ppm or greater. PcDFs and PCDDs are also formed
from a trichlorobenzene dielectric fluid which contained no detectable
PCBs.
TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
Thermally Modulated Electron Affinity Detector for Priority Pollutant
Analysis " ~ ~ •
(Final rept.)
Hanisch, R. C. ; Ogle, L. D. ; Jones, A. E. ; Hall, R. C.
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.- Cincinnati, OH.
PB85-158145/XAB (NTIS); EPA/600/4-85/009 (EPA)
EPA-68-03-2965 (EPA Contract Number)
Jan 85 57p
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ABSTRACT
In the area of environmental monitoring, a need exists for a rapid
sensitive, and selective method to analyze for chlorinated organic
compounds such as pesticides, PCB, PCDD, and PCDF at trace levels in
complex samples. In response to this need, a program was conducted to
determine the feasibility of using a new detector concept in the gas
chromatographic analysis of certain priority pollutants. The concept is
based on the thermal alteration of a compound's electron affinity in a
flow-through reactor, which can be used to modify the selectivity and
sensitivity of the ECD to certain compounds. The TM ECD consists of two
ECDs connected by a temperature-controlled reactor. Different classes of
organic compounds respond to the reactor conditions in different ways: some
compounds exhibit an enhanced ECD response after passing through the
reactor; others a diminished signal; and still others no change in the
magnitude of the signal. The ratio of a compound's response from the
post-reactor ECD to that obtained from the prereactor ECD appears to be a
property characteristic of each compound. This peak area ratio can be used
in conjunction with its retention time to increase the confidence level of
the identity of a given compound while still taking advantage of the
excellent sensitivity characteristics of the ECD.
TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
NOTE
ABSTRACT
Toxicity of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCB's) to Fish and Other Aquatic
Life ~ "
Nebeker, Alan V. ; Puglisi, Frank A. ; DeFoe, David L.
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Minn.
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab.,
Toxicology Station.
Greg. Western Fish
PB-264 804/6 (NTIS); EPA/600/3-77/034 (EPA)
Mar 77 84p
Prepared in cooperation with Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Oreg.
Western Fish Toxicology Station.
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB's) have been shown to be widespread in the
environment. Their significance in the aquatic environment as a poison is
now being revealed. They are being detected in fish and other aquatic life
at levels much higher than concentrations found in the water. The acute
toxicity of some of the many types of PCB's produced commercially has been
demonstrated for a few species of fish, and fish food organisms, such as
shrimp, scuds, and aquatic insects; however, little information is
-253-
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currently available on the chronic effects of PCB on the full life cycles
of aquatic animals. In order to assess the danger of these compounds to
fish and fish food organisms the laboratory designed and conducted
bioassays using Daphnia magna, the fathead minnow Pimephales promelas, the
flagfish Jordanella floridae, the scud Gammarus pseudoliranaeus, and the
midge Tanytarsus dissimilis, using commercially available PCB mixtures
(Aroclor 1221, 1232, 1242, 1248, 1254, 1260, 1262, and 1268).
TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
ABSTRACT
Toxicity of the Polychlorinated Biphenyl Aroclor 1016 to Mink
Aulerich, R. .1. ; Ringer, R. K.
Michigan State Univ., East Lansing.
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
PB80-168537 (NTIS); EPA-600/3-80-033 (EPA)
EPA-68-03-1187 (EPA Contract Number)
Feb 80 34p
Effects of the PCB Aroclor 1016 on reproduction, growth, and survival of
mink (Mustela vison) were investigated. Mink raised according to commercial
mink-ranch procedures were fed diets that contained 0, 2, 10, and 25 ppm
Aroclor 1016 for up to 18 months. Reproduction was not adversely affected,
although kit growth and survival were suboptimum in some of the treated
groups. No hematologic differences were observed between the treated and
non-treated mink, but heart weight increased and kidney weight decreased in
the older animals of two of the three PCB-treated groups. No consistent
gross lesions associated with PCB toxicity were observed. The PCB residue
in mink tissues was directly related to the quantity of Aroclor 1016 in the
diet. Residues in mink kits suggest that Aroclor 1016 passes the placental
barrier.
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TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
REPORT DATE
NOTE
ABSTRACT
Toxicological Assessment of Hexachlorobiphenyl Isomers and
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzofuran in Chicks. II. Effects on Drug Metaboli'
and Porphyrin Accumulation '
Goldstein, Joyce A. ; McKinney, James D. ; Lucier, George W. ; Hickman
Patricia ; Bergman, Hinda
National Inst. of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park,
6 Nov 75 12p
Pub. in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 36, p81-92 1976.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology. Group 11, PB-280
\J\J 1 •
The study was undertaken to compare effects of several hexachlorobiphenyl
isoraers on a number of parameters of hepatic function In the chick,
including induction of hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes and precipitation
of hepatic porphyria. These effects were compared with those of TCDF.
TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT DATE
NOTE
ABSTRACT
Toxicological Assessment of Hexachloroniphenyl Isomers and
2,3,7.8-Tetrachlorodibenzofuran in Chicks. II. Effects on Drug Metabolism
and Porphyrin Accumulation " " ' " ~
Goldstein, Joyce A. ; McKinney, James D. ; Lucier, George W.
Patricia ; Bergman, Hinda
Hickman,
National Environmental Research Center, Research Triangle Park, N. C.
National Inst. of Environmental Health Sciences, Research
Triangle Park, N.C.
6 Nov 75 12p
Pub. in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 36, p81-92 1976. Prepared in
cooperation with National Inst. of Environmental Health Sciences, Research
Triangle Park, N.C.
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology. Group 5 PB-279
175. Order as PB-279 175 from NTIS.
Pure hexachlorobiphenyl (HCB) isomers induce a number of changes in
parameters of drug metabolism in the chick including changes in cytochrome
P-450, liver weight, and p-nitrophenol glucuronyl transfera.se, but not in
testosterone glucuronyl transferase activity. The most active inducers of
drug metabolism were 2 ,3,4,2',3',4'-HCB and 2,4 ,6,2',4',6'-HCB, while
2,4,5,2',4',5'-HCB produced Intermediate effects and 2,3,6,2'.3',6'-HCB was
-255-
-------
a poor inducer. All HCBs caused uroporphyrin accumulation and increased
delta-aminolfivulinic acid (ALA) synthetase activity but only
3,4,5,3',4',5'-HCB, 2 ,3 ,4 ,2 ' ,3',4'-HCB, and 2,4,5,2',4',5'-HCB produced
gross accumulation of hepatic porphyrins. Tissue HCB concentrations
correlated well with hepatic effecs. 2,3,7,8,-Tetrachlorodibenzofuran
(TCDF), a contaminant of commercial polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)
mixtures, had no effects on hepatic ALA synthetase activity, porphyrin
accumulation, or glucuronyl transferase. TCDF did produce a slight increase
in cytochrorae P-450, but the increase was smaller than that produced by
HCBs.
TITLE
Treatment and Stabilization of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs)
Contaminated Water and Waste Oil. A Case Study. Whitehouse. Florida
(Technical rept. Jun 76-Jun 77)
AUTHOR Wilkerson, Raymond T. ; Stroud, Fred B. ; Smith, Al
CORPORATE SOURCE Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, Ga. Region IV.
REPORT NUMBER PB-273 842/5 (NTIS)
REPORT DATE Jul 77 35P
ABSTRACT
A study was made concerning one method of treating a substantial
Environmental Emergency and potential health hazard. The U.S. EPA, the City
of Jacksonville, FL and the U.S. Coast Guard formulates an inexpensive
treatment system that allows the discharge of a mixture of oil, PCB and
water harmlessly into the St. Johns River. The emergency stems from the
poor structural integrity of the impoundment dikes.
TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT DATE
REPORT NUMBER
Treatment Effectiveness for the Removal of Selected Contaminants from
Drinking Water~ " ~ ~
(Final rept.)
Stone, Ralph ; Smallwood, H. A. ; Marsh, J. Rodney
Stone (Ralph) and Co., Inc., Los Angeles, Calif.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. Div,
Supply.
Jul 75 199p
PB-258 271/6 (NTIS);
EPA-68-01-2692 (EPA Contract Number)
of Water
-256-
-------
ABSTRACT
An extensive literature survey was conducted to determine treatment
methods for removing antimony, beryllium, cobalt, lithium, molybdenum,
nickel, tungsten, vanadium, bisethers, polychlorinated biphenyls,
chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides, and organophosphorus insecticides
from drinking water. The processes discussed included ion exchange, reverse
osmosis, electrodialysis, distillation, coagulation/precipitation, chemical
oxidation, radio-chemical degradation, and adsorption. Treatment
efficiencies were determined in terras of influent and effluent
concentrations for each applicable treatment method. Process designs,
constraints and limitations, operating conditions, and costs were presented
for each treatment process discussed. Each process was evaluated as to its
availability, applicability, and technical and economic feasibility. The
best available and best technically feasible treatment processes were
presented for each contaminant.
TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
NOTE
ABSTRACT
Treatment of Contaminated Soils with Aqueous Surfactants
(Interim rept. May 82-Aug 85) " ~~
Ellis, W. D. ; Payne, J. R. ; McNabb, G. D.
Science Applications International Corp., McLean, VA.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste
Engineering Research Lab.
PB86-122561/XAB (NTIS); EPA/600/2-85/129 (EPA)
EPA-68-03-3113 (EPA Contract Number)
Nov 85 96p
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati,
Waste Engineering Research Lab.
OH. Hazardous
The overall objective of the project was to develop a technical base for
decisions on the use of chemical countermeasures at releases of hazardous
substances. Work included a literature search to determine the nature and
quantities of contaminants at Superfund sites and the applicability of
existing technology to in situ treatment of contaminated soils. Laboratory
studies were conducted to develop an improved in situ treatment methodology
and were designed to determine whether significant enhancement to the
efficiency of water washing could be obtained by adding aqueous surfactants
to recharge water used in a continuous recycle. The use of aqueous nonionic
surfactants for cleaning soil spiked with PCBs, petroleum hydrocarbons, and
-257-
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chlorophenol
Based upon
potentially
hydrophilic
on a larger
conditions.
cost-effecti
investigate
separation.
was developed through shaker table and soil column tests.
project results, the aqueous surfactant countermeasure is
useful for in situ cleanup of hydrophobic and slightly
organic contaminants in soil, and should be further developed
scale at a small contaminated site under carefully controlled
However, reuse of the surfactant is essential for
ve field application. Accordingly, any future work should
the use of other surfactants that may be more amenable to
TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
NOTE .
ABSTRACT
Treatment of Hazardous Waste. Proceedings of the Annual
Symposium (6th) Held at Chicago, Illinois on March 17-20, 1980
(Final rept. Oct 79-Sep 80)
Research
Shultz, David ; Black, David
Southwest Research Inst., San Antonio, TX.
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
PB80-175094 (NTIS); EPA-600/9-80-011 (EPA)
Mar 80 183p
See also report dated Mar 80, PB80-175086.
These proceedings are a compilation of the papers presented by symposium
speakers. They are divided into two volumes representing the technologies
of Treatment and Disposal. The primary technical areas covered in this
volume are: Waste Sampling and Characteristics; Waste Treatment and
Control; Pesticide Treatment and Control; Thermal Destruction Techniques;
Economics.
TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
REPORT DATE
NOTE
Ultrastructure of Thyroid Gland in Rats Receiving PCBs
Wasserraann, Dora ; Wassermann, M.
Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem (Israel). Dept
Health.
1977 lp
Pub. in unidentified Jnl.
of Occupational
-258-
-------
NOTE
ABSTRACT
Included in the report, Journal Articles on Toxicology, Group 14 PB-280
889. Order as PB-280 889 from NTIS.
The paper reports structural changes in the thyroid gland of rats
receiving PCBs. White, local strain, nale rats, 4 and 6 weeks old received
200 and 250 Ppm PCBs-1221 in their drinking water for 6 and 10 weeks
respectively. The mean level of PCBs in the adipose tissue of rats
receiving 250 ppm PCBs-1221 for 2 1/2 months was 6.8 ppm.
TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
NOTE
Uptake, Metabolism, and Disposition of Xenobiotic Chemicals in Fish
Wisconsin Power Plant Impact Study ~~ ~ ' '
Lech, John ; Melancon, Mark
Medical Coll. of Wisconsin, Inc., Milwaukee.
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
PB81-135329 (NTIS); EPA-600/3-80-082 (EPA)
EPA-R-803971 (EPA Contract Number)
Aug 80 157p
Prepared in cooperation with Madison Gas and Electric Co., Wisconsin,
Wisconsin Public Service Corp., Green Bay, Wisconsin Public Service
Commission, Madison, and Wisconsin Dept. of Natural Resources, Madison.
ABSTRACT
The effects and fate in fish of a number of chemicals, including
hydrocarbons and chlorinated hydrocarbons, have been examined. The
interactions between these chemicals and fish have been studied using
several approaches. The uptake an elimination of 14C-labeled napthalene,
2-methylnapthalene, 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene, pentachlorophenol, and
pentachloroanisole were studied. Each of these chemicals was taken up
rapidly by rainbow trout. Increasing the duration of exposure to
14C-napthalene or 14C-2-methylnapthalene affected the elimination of
14C-containing components from these fish. Activities of cytochrome
P-450-related xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes in rainbow trout livers were
induced. The quantities of biliary metabolites in these fish were
considerably higher than those found in non-induced trout. Piperonyl
butoxide reduced levels of biliary metabolites of pentachloranisole and
di-2-ethylhexyl-phthalate in trout and increased tissue levels of these
chemicals. The high levels of biotransformation products of these chemicals
found in fish bile during and after exposure to the chemicals in these
studies support the possible use of bile sampling in pollutant-modelling
programs.
-259-
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TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
ABSTRACT
Validation of a Method to Measure Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Natural
Gas Pipelines"~
(Final rept.)
Harris, Robert W. ; Grainger, C. Fred ; Mitchell, William J.
Grainger Labs., Inc., Raleigh, NC.
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Triangle Park
NC.
PB82-207556 (NTIS); EPA-600/4-81-048 (EPA)
EPA-68-02-3431 (EPA Contract Number)
Jun 81 40p
NIOSH-approved, commercially-available Florisil tubes were found to
quantitatively collect PCB from natural gas streams when the sampling rate
is less than 600 cc/min and less than 230 liters of gas is collected. It
was also found that severe skewing of the Aroclor pattern can result when
gas passes through a PCB contaminated pipe. When this occurs the pattern
recognition approach used for quantifying PCB in air samples will be
inadequate. In this situation confirmation of PCB should be done using a
second GC column and, if PCB's are confirmed, the Webb-McCall or
perchlorination procedures should be utilized for sample quantitation.
TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZAATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
NOTE
Vapor Exchange of PCBs with Lake Michigan; The Atmosphere as a Sink for
PCBs~ ~ "~ —
Murphy, Thomas J. ; Pokojowczyk, Jean C. ; Mullin, Michael D.
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Grosse lie, MI. Large Lakes Research
Station.
DePaul Univ., Chicago, IL.
PB83-250316 (NTIS); EPA-600/D-83-097
Aug 83 lAp
Prepared in cooperation with DePaul Univ., Chicago, IL.
-260-
-------
ABSTRACT
In this paper, preliminary results of the application of an equilibrium
method for determining the Henry's Law Constants (HLCs) for all the
individual chlorobiphenyl compounds in the Aroclor mixtures are reported
Most of the individual compounds in Aroclor 1242 and 1254 have HLCs in the
range of 2 to .0007 a-hn/cu ra/mol. A method is also described which permits
the fugacity of the PCBs in natural waters to be determined. Preliminary
results of this method with Lake Michigan water indicates that about 60% of
the PCBs in the water samples tested were in true solution.
TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
NOTE
Verification of PCS (Polychlorinated Biphenyl) Spill Cleanup by Sampling
and Analysis —
(Interim rept. no 2)
Boomer, B. A. ; Erickson, M. D. ; Swanson, S. E. ; Cox, D. C. ; Schultz,
B. D.
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, MO.
Washington Consulting Group, DC.; Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Toxic Substances.
PB86-107315/XAB (NTIS); EPA/560/5-85/026 (EPA)
EPA-68-02-3938 (EPA Contract Number)
Aug 85 76p
Prepared in cooperation with Washington Consulting Group, DC. Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Toxic
Substances.
-261-
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ABSTRACT
The report, intended primarily for EPA enforcement personnel, outlines
specific sampling and analysis methods to determine compliance with EPA
policy on the cleanup of PCB spills. The sampling and analysis methods can
be used to determine the residual levels of PCBs at a spill site following
the completion of cleanup activities. Although the methodologies outlined
in this document are applicable to PCB spills in general, specific
incidents may require special efforts beyond the scope of this report. A
sampling design is proposed for use by EPA enforcement staff in detecting
residual PCB contamination above a designated limit after a spill site has
been cleaned. The proposed design involves sampling on a hexagonal grid
which is centered on the cleanup area and extends just beyond its
boundaries. Quality assurance (QA) must be applied throughout the entire
monitoring program. Quality control (QC) measures, including protocls,
certification and performance checks, procedural QC, sample QC, and sample
custody as appropriate, should be stipulated in a QA plan.
TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
NOTE
ABSTRACT
WASTOX (Water Quality Analysis Simulation for Toxics), a Framework for
Modeling the Fate of Toxic Chemicals in Aquatic Environments. Part 2. Food
Chain " ~~ ' '
Connolly, J. P. ; Thomann, R. V.
Manhattan Coll., Bronx, NY. Dept. of Environmental Engineering and
Science.
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
PB85-214435 (NTIS); EPA/600/4-85/040 (EPA)
Jun 85 63p
See also PB85-152882.
A food chain bioaccumulation mathematical framework was developed as part
of a broader framework for modeling the fate of toxic chemicals in natural
water systems, entitled WASTOX. A user's guide for WASTOX (PB85-152882) was
published in August 1984. The food chain component of WASTOX described here
is a generalized model for estimating the uptake and elimination of toxic
chemicals by aquatic organisms. Uptake and elimination rates are related to
the bioenergetic parameters of the species encompassed in either a linear
food chain or a food web. Concentrations are calculated as a function of
time and age for each species included. Exposure to the toxic chemical in
food is based on a consumption rate and predator-prey relationships that
are specified as a function of age. Exposure to the toxic chemical in water
is functionally related to the respiration rate. Steady-state
concentrations may also be calculated. Food chain exposure to chemicals may
be specified by the user of the model or may be taken directly from the
values calculated by the exposure concentration component of WASTOX.
Migratory species, as well as nonmigratory species, may be-considered. The
model has been successfully used to model Kepone in the James River striped
bass food chain and PCBs in the Lake Michigan lake trout food chain and the
Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron yellow perch food.
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TITLE
AUTHOR
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
SPONSOR
REPORT NUMBER
REPORT DATE
NOTE
ABSTRACT
Water-Related Environmental Fate of 129 Priority Pollutants. Volume I:
Introduction and Technical Background, Metals and Inorganics.Pesticide!
and PCBs " " • •
(Final rept.)
Callahan, Michael A. ; Slimak, Michael W. ; Gabel, Norman W. ; May Ira
P. ; Fowler, Charles F.
Versar, Inc., Springfield, VA.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Water
Planning and Standards.
PB80-204373 (NTIS); EPA-440/4-79-029A (EPA)
EPA-68-01-3852 (EPA Contract Numer)
Dec 79 487p
Sponsored in part by Grant EPA-68-01-3867. Prepared in cooperation
SRI International, Menlo Park, CA. See also Volume 2, PB80-204381.
with
This report is a literature search and summary of relevant data for the
individual fate processes (hydrolysis, biodegradation, photolysis, etc.)
which might be expected to occur if a pollutant were introduced into an
aquatic system. The report is organized into 101 individual chapters for
pollutants or small groups of pollutants, and four introductory chapters.
Each chapter has its own references so the chapters can be used
independently. The approach taken by this report is to summarize data on
the individual processes which might be important in describing the
transport and fate of pollutants introduced at low concentrations (e.g.,
ppm or less) into aquatic environments. If transport processes will result
in significant pollutant transfer to another medium (e.g., air, sediments),
data are included where available to describe what happens to the pollutant
in the medium to which the pollutant was transferred. A list of the
literature covered in the search is included. Results of the literature
search are that a significant amount of information on most pollutants was
found, but that the information was more useful in making qualitative
judgements about the pollutant transport and fate than for making
quantitative predictions of concentrations in the environment. Availability
of rate constants useful in mathematical fate models was limited.
-263-
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EPH REPORTS FROM THr
GOUERNMENT PRINTING nrrirr
(GPO)
DflTflBflSF
These citations from the GPO database
refer to reports submitted to GPO for publication
The items listed here refer to EPH authored, sponsored,
contracted, or otherwise funded reports.
The references listed in this section
may be purchased from:
GPO
Washington, DC 20402
(202)783-3238
-------
TITLE
AUTHORS
CORPORATE
SOURCE
PUBLISHER
REPORT DATE
REPORT NUMBER
NOTE
SUBJECT
An age-dependent model of PCS in a Lake Michigan
food chain"""
Thomann, Robert V.
Connolly, John P.
Environmental Research Laboratory (Duluth , Minn.)
Duluth, MN : U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Environmental Research Laboratoratory ; Cincinnati, OH :
Center for Environmental Research Information
[distributor], 1984. 3 p. ; 28cm.
1984
EPA-600/S 3-84-026
EP 1.89/2-600/S 3-84-026 (GPO Catalog Number)
At head of title: Project summary. Distributed to
depository libraries in microfiche. "Mar. 1984." "EPA-600/S3-84-026,
Polychlorinated biphenyls-Environmental aspects-Michigan,
Lake; Food chains (Ecology); Michigan, Lake
TITLE
AUTHORS
Application of methods 606 and 608 for analysis of PCBs, organochlorine
pesticides and phthalate esters contained in landfill leachates '
Bellar, Thomas A.
Froning, Beth A.
CORPORATE SOURCE Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory
(Cincinnati, Ohio)
PUBLISHER
Cincinnati, OH : Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory
-264-
-------
REPORT NUMBER
NOTE
SUBJECT
EPA-600/S 4-82-044 (EPA)
EP1.89/2-P 76/14 (GPO Catalog Number)
At head of title: Project summary.
"EPA-600/S4-82-044."
"August 1982."
Polychlorinated biphenyls; Organochlorine compounds;
Pesticides-Environmental aspects-Ohio; Fills (Earthwork)-Ohio
TITLE
AUTHOR
CORPORATE
SOURCE
PUBLISHER
REPORT DATE
Applying for a permit to destroy PCS waste oil ; volumes I and II
Zelenski, S. G.
Hall, Joanna.; Haupt, S. E.
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory (Research Triangle Park, N.C.)
Research Triangle Park, N.C. : U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Industrial Environmental Laboratory ; Cincinnati, OH : Center for
Environmental Research Information, 1981. 3 p. ; 28 cm.
Publication Date(s): 1981
REPORT NUMBER
NOTE -
SUBJECT
EPA-600/S2-81-033 (EPA); EP 1.89/2-P 42 (GPO Catalog Number)
Caption title. At head of title: Project summary. "Dec.
"EPA-600/S2-81-033."
Polychlorinated biphenyls; Hazardous wastes-Incineration-Licenses
1981
TITLE
CORPORATE
SOURCE
Assessment of wastewater management, treatment technology, and associated
costs for abatement of PCBs concentrations in industrial effluents
Corporate Source: United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office
of Toxic Substances.
-265-
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TITLE
AUTHOR
CORPORATE
SOURCE
PUBLISHER
REPORT DATE
REPORT NUMBER
NOTE
SUBJECT
Attenuation of polybrominated biphenyls and hexachlorobenzene by earth
materials " "
Lewis, Norma M.
Municipal Environmental Research Laboratory.
Cincinnati, Ohio : U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research and
Development, Municipal Environmental Research Laboratory : Center for
Environmental Research Information [distributor, 1981] 7 p. : ill. ; 98
cm.
1981
EPA-600/52-81-191 (EPA); EP 1.89/2-P 76/7 (GPO Catalog Number)
Caption title. At head of title: Project summary. "Dec 1981 "
"EPA-600/S2-81-191."
Polychlorinated biphenyls; Soil pollution
TITLE
Attenuation of water-soluble polychlorinated biphenyls by earth materials
AUTHOR
CORPORATE
SOURCE
Griffin, R. A.
Chian, E. S. K.,.joint author.
Municipal Environmental Research Laboratory. Illinois.
State Geological Survey. Georgia. Institute of Technology, Atlanta
School of Civil Engineering.
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PUBLISHER
REPORT DATE
REPORT NUMBER
NOTE
SUBJECT
Cincinnati, Ohio : Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research
and Development, Municipal Environmental Research Laboratory
93 p. : ill. ; 28 cm.
1980
EPA-600/2-80-027 (EPA); EP 1.23/2-600/2-80-027 (GPO Catalog Number)
Prepared by Illinois State Geological Survey, University of Illinois, and
School of Civil Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, under grant
no. R-804684-01. Issued May 1980. Bibliography: p. 87-92.
Biodegradation
TITLE
AUTHOR
CORPORATE
SOURCE
PUBLISHER
REPORT DATE
REPORT NUMBER
NOTE
SUBJECTS
Audit of the Vulcanus incineration ship prior to the August 1982 PCB
burn, Mobile, Alabama'~~
Sexton, F. W.
Lentzen, D. E.
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory (Research
Triangle Park, N.C.)
Research Triangle Park, NC : U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory, [1983] 3 p. ; 28 cm.
1983
EPA-600/S 7-83-023 (EPA); EP 1.89/2-600/S 7-83-023 (GPO Catalog Number)
Caption title. At head of title: Project summary. Distributed to
depository libraries in microfiche. "June 1983." "EPA-600/S7-83-023."
Incinerators-Environmental aspects-United States;
Environmental monitoring-United States
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TITLE
AUTHOR
CORPORATE
SOURCE
Determination of pesticides and PCBs in industrial and municipal
wastewaters -—
Millar, John D.,1921-
Thomas, R. E.,1923-
Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory
(Cincinnati, Ohio)
PUBLISHER
REPORT DATE
Cincinnati, OH : U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental
Monitoring and Support Laboratory : Center for Environmental Research
Information [distributor], 1982. 6 p. ; 28 cm.
1982
REPORT NUMBER
NOTE
SUBJECTS
EPA-600/S 4-82-023 (EPA); EP 1.89/2-P 4316 (GPO Catalog Number)
Caption title. At head of title: Project summary. "June 1982
"EPA-600/S4-82-023."
Pesticides-Measurement; Polychlorinated byphenyls-Measurement;
Sewage-Analysis; Gas chroraatography
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TITLE
CORPORATE
SOURCE
Development of a study plan for definition of PCBs usuage
potential substitution in the investment casting industry
wastes.and
United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office
of Toxic Substances.
PUBLISHER
REPORT DATE
REPORT NUMBER
NOTE
SUBJECT
Washington ; Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Toxic Substances
1976. 35 p. : ill. ; 28 cm.
1976
EPA - 560/6-76-007 (EPA); EO 1.2-ln 8/2 (GPO Catalog Number)
Contract no. 68-01-3259. Task III, final report. Bibliography: p. 35.
Chemicals-Safety measures; Factory and trade waste-United
States
TITLE
AUTHOR
CORPORATE
SOURCE
PUBLISHER
REPORT DATE
REPORT NUMBER
NOTE
Effects and interactions of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCS) with estuarine
microorganisms and shellfish ~~ ~~
Colwell, Rita R
Sayler, Gary S , joint author.
Environmental Research Laboratory, Gulf Breeze, Fla.
Gulf Breeze, Fla. : Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research
and Development, Environmental Research Laboratory ; Springfield, Va. : for
sale by the National Technical Information Service, 1977. ix 45 D
ill. ; 27 cm. V
1977
EPA - 600/3-77-070 (EPA); EP 1.23-600/3-77-070 (GPO Catalog Number)
Grant no. R-803300-01-0. Issued June 1977. Bibliography: p. 43-45.
-269-
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TITLE
CORPORATE
SOURCE
PUBLISHER
REPORT DATE
REPORT NUMBER
NOTE
SUBJECTS
Environmental Protection Agency support document/voluntary
impact statement for polvchlofinated biphenyls (PCBs)
processing, distribution in rcW^ and uPse
Protection Agency- office
Substances' 1979°' v{ f^™™^ Protection Agency, Office of Toxic
buDstances, 1979. vi , 159, [4] p. : A11. . 28 cm.
1979
EP 1.57/3-P 76 (GPO Catalog Number)
"Support document/voluntary environmental impact statement and PCB
manufacturing, processing, distribution in commerce, and use ban
regulation: Economic impact analysis"— Cover . "Aoril 1979 " T i 5
bibliographical references. P 9' Includes
Polychlorinated biphenyls-Environmental aspects
TITLE
AUTHOR
CORPORATE
SOURCE
PUBLISHER
REPORT DATE
Millar, John D.,1921-
Thomas, Richard E.,1946-; Schattenberg, Herbert J.
Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory
(Cincinnati, Ohio)
Cincinnati, OH : U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental
Monitoring and Support Laboratory, 1984. 4 p. ; 28 cm. tnVlr°nmental
1984
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REPORT NUMBER
NOTE
SUBJECT
EPA-600/S 4-84-061 (EPA); EP 1.89/2-600/5 4-84-061 (GPO Catalog
Number)
At head of title: Project summary. Distributed to
depository libraries in microfiche. "Aug. 1984." "EPA-600/S4-84-061
Water-Analysis; Organochlorine compounds-Testing
TITLE
AUTHOR
CORPORATE
SOURCE
PUBLISHER
REPORT DATE
REPORT NUMBER
NOTE
SUBJECT
EPA method study 28, PCBs in oil
Sonchik, Susan M.
Ronan, Richard J.
Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory
(Cincinnati, Ohio)
Cincinnati, OH : U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental
Monitoring and Support Laboratory, 1984. 3 p. ; 28 cm.
1984
EPA-600/S 4-84-078 (EPA); EP 1.89/2-600/5 4-84-078 (GPO Catalog
Nurabe r)
At head of title: Project summary. Distributed to
despository libraries in microfiche. "Nov. 1984." "EPA-600/S4-84-078."
Variant Title: EPA method study twenty-eight, PCBs in oil
Petroleum-United States-Analysis; Polychlorinated biphenyls
TITLE
CORPORATE
SOURCE
REPORT DATE
REPORT NUMBER
NOTE
EPA slow in controlling PCB'S.
Environmental Protection Agency
report to the Administrator
United States. General Accounting Office.
Washington, D.C. : The Office, [1981] iv, 31 p. ; 28 cm.
1981
GA 1.13-CED-82-21 (GPO Catalog Number)
"December 30, 1981." Includes bibliographical references.
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SUBJECTS
United States; Environmental Protection Agency;
Polychlorinated bipheyis-Safety regulaitons
TITLE
CORPORATE
SOURCE
PUBLISHER
REPORT DATE
REPORT NUMBER
SUBJECTS
EPA's final PCS ban rule : over 100 auctions & answers to help you meet
these requirements "~
United States. Environmental Protection Agency.
Office of Toxic Sustances. Industry Assistance Office. United States
Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Toxic Sustances. Chemical
Control Division. Rev. ed., June 1980
Rev. ed. , June 1980. Washington : Office of Toxic Substances [19801
40 p. ; 28 cm.
1980
EP 5.2-PL 76 (GPO Catalog Number)
Polychlorinated biphenyls
TITLE
AUTHOR
CORPORATE
SOURCE
PUBLISHER
REPORT DATE
REPORT NUMBER
NOTE
SUBJECTS
Estimation of polychlorinated biphenyls in the presence of DDT-type
compounds " ~ ' '—' ~
Brownrigg, J. T.
Hornig, A. W.,,jt. auth.
National Environmental Research Center, Cincinnati
Ohio.
Cincinnati : U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and
Development, National Environmental Research Center ; 1974. ix 90 p
graphs ; 28 cm. '
1974
EPA -670/4-74-004 (EPA); EP 1.23/5-670/4-004 (GPO Catalog Number)
Prepared by Baird-Atomic, Inc., Government Systems Division, Bedford
Mass., under program element no. 1BA027 (16020 GIY) Includes appendix
Bibliography: p. 75-77.
DDT (Insecticide); Pesticides
-272-
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TITLE
AUTHOR
CORPORATE
SOURCE
PUBLISHER
REPORT DATE
REPORT NUMBER
NOTE
SUBJECTS
Evaluation of PCS destruction efficiency in an industrial boiler
Hall, Joanna.
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory (Research
Triangle Park, N.C.)
Research Triangle Park, NC : U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory ; Cincinnati, OH : Center for
Environmental Research Information [distributor], 1982. 7 p. • ill
28 cm. '
1982
EPA-600/S 2-81-055 (EPA); EP 1.89/2-P 76/12 (GPO Catalog Number)
Caption title. At head of title: Project summary. "July 1982 "
"EPA-600/S2-81-055."
Polychorinated biphenyls; Boilers-Efficiency
-273-
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TITLE
AUTHOR
CORPORATE
SOURCE
PUBLISHER
REPORT DATE
REPORT NUMBER
NOTE
SUBJECTS
Evaluation of protocols for pesticides and PCB's in raw wastewater
Caragay, Alegria B.
Levins, P. L.,,joint author.
Municipal Environmental Research Laboratory. Arthur D.
Little, inc.
Cincinnati, Ohio : Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research
and Development, Municipal Environmental Research Laboratory • Springfield
Va. : for sale by the National Technical Information Service, 1979. lx'
100 p. : ill. ; 28 cm.
1979
EP 1.23/2-600/2-79-166 (GPO Catalog Number)
Prepared by Arthur D. Little, Inc., under contract no. 68-01-3857
Issued Nov. 1979. Bibliography: p. 84.
Pesticides-Law and legislation-United States; Sewage
disposal plants-United States
TITLE
AUTHOR
CORPORATE
SOURCE
PUBLISHER
REPORT DATE
REPORT NUMBER
NOTE
SUBJECTS
Facilities evaluation of high efficiency boiler destruction PCS waste
Cotter, J. E.
Johnson, R. J.
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory (Research
Triangle Park, N.C.)
Research Triangle Park, NC : U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research and Development, Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory' •
Cincinnati, OH : Center for Environmental Research Information'
[distributor], 1981. 6 p. ; 28 cm.
1981
EPA-600/S 7-81-031 (EPA); EP 1.89/2-B 63/3 (GPO Catalog Number)
Caption title. At head of title: Project summary. "July 1981."
Polychlorinated biphenyls-Toxicology; Boilers
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TITLE
CORPORATE
SOURCE
PUBLISHER
REPORT DATE
REPORT NUMBER
NOTE
SUBJECTS
Follow-up study of the distribution and fate of polychlorinated biphenyls
and benzenes in soil and ground water samples after an accidental spill of
transformer fluid~"
United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Oil and
Special Materials Control Division.
Washington : Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water Program
Operations, Division of Oil and Special Materials Control, 1976. x 120
_ . J 1 1 .rtrt *
ill. , map ; 28 cm.
1976
EPA-904/9-76-014 (EPA); EP 2.2.-B 52 (GPO Catalog Number)
Prepared in cooperation with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region
IV, Atlanta, Ga., under contract no. 68-01-3232. Cover title: Study of the
distribution and fate of polychlorinated biphenyls and benzenes after
spills of transformer fluid. Includes appendices. Bibliography: p. 8-9.
Benzene; Solvents;
Underground-Research
Soil
research;
Water,
TITLE
CORPORATE
SOURCE
PUBLISHER
REPORT DATE
REPORT NUMBER
NOTE
Identification of selected Federal activities directed to chemicals of
near-term concern ; asbestos, arsenic, benzidine. ethylene, dibromide
hexachlorobenzene, hexachlorobutadiene, polybrominated biphenyls,
polychlorinated biphenyls, vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride
United States. Environmental Protection. Agency.. Office
of Toxic Substances.
Washington : U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Toxic
Substances, 1976. iii, 29 p. ;. 27 cm..
1976
EP 1.2-c 42/5 (GPO Catalog Number)
Chemicals-Information services-United States; Toxicology-In-
formation services , ..
-275-
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TITLE
Industry views on the use of polychlorinated biphenyls in transformer
and capacitors ~
CORPORATE
SOURCE
PUBLISHER
REPORT DATE
REPORT NUMBER
SUBJECT
United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office
of Toxic Substances.
Washington : U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Toxic
Substances : Springfield, Va. iii, 42p. ; 28 cm
1976
EPA - 560/4-76-003 (EPA); EP 1.2-P 76/6 (GPO Catalog Number)
Condensers (Electricity)-Testing; Electronic transformers
TITLE
AUTHOR
CORPORATE
SOURCE
PUBLISHER
REPORT DATE
REPORT NUMBER
NOTE
SUBJECTS
Intrauterine exposure of humans to PCBs ; newborn effects
Fein, Greta G.,,1929-
Environmental Research Laboratory (Duluth, Minn.)
Duluth, MN : U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,.Environmental Research
Laboratory, 1984. [2j p. : ill. •;•-. 28 cm.
1984
EPA-600/S 3-84-060 (EPA); EP 1.89/2-600/5 3-84-060 (GPO Catalog Number)
Caption title. At head of title: Project summary.! Distributed to
despository libraries in microfiche. "June 1984." "EPA-600/S3-84-060."
Infants (Newborn)-United States-Effects of drugs on;
Polychlorinated biphenyls; Abnormalities, Human-United States
-276-
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TITLE
AUTHOR
CORPORATE
SOURCE
PUBLISHER
REPORT DATE
REPORT NUMBER
NOTE
National Conference on Polychlorinated Biphenyls, November 1975, Chicago.
Illinois ; conference proceedings'
SUBJECTS
Ayer, Franklin A., comp.
United States. Environmental Protection Agency.
Office of Toxic Substances. United States. Dept. of Agriculture. United
States. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare. United States. Dept. of
the Interior. United States. Council on Environmental Quality.
Washington.: Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Toxic Substances
1976. xv, 471 p. : ill. ; 28 cm.
1976
EP 1.2-P 76/5 (GPO Catalog Number)
Cosponsored by Environmental Protection Agency in cooperation with
Department of Agriculture, Council on Environmental Quality, Department of
Health, Education, and Welfare, and Department of the Interior. Contract
no. 68-01-2928. Includes bibliographical references.
Conference Title: National Conference on Polychlorinated Biphenyls
Chicago , 1975. '
Chemicals-Congresses; Poisons-Congresses
TITLE
AUTHOR
CORPORATE
SOURCE
PUBLISHER
REPORT DATE
REPORT NUMBER
PCS emissions from stationary sourcesr ; a theoretical study
Knieriem, Herman,
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory, Research
Triangle Park, N.C. Monsanto Research Corporation.
Research Traingle Park, N.C. : 'Environmental Protection:Agency, Office of
Research and Development, Industrial Environmental Research .Laboratory ;
Springfield, Va. : for sale by the National Technical Information Service
1976. iv, 39 p. : ill. ; 28 cm.
1976
EPA - 600/7-76-028(EPA); EP 1.23/8-600/7-76-028 (GPO Catalog Number)
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NOTE
Prepared by Monsanto Research Corporation under Contract No. 68-02-1320
Task 26, Program Element No. EHE624A. Issued Oct. 1976. Bibliography:
£, v_/~ £. £ »
TITLE
CORPORATE
SOURCE
PUBLISHER
REPORT DATE
REPORT NUMBER
NOTE
SUBJECTS
PCBs in the United States industrial use and environmental distribution
United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office
of Toxic Substances.
Washington ^Environmental Protection Agency, Office of toxic Substances
1976. xix, 334, [121] p. ; 28 cm.
1976
EPA - 560/6-76-005 (EPA); EP 1.2-P 76/4 (GPO Catalog Number^.
Contract no. 68-01-3259. Task"I, final report. Includes bibliographies
and appendices.
Factory and trade waste-United States
TITLE
AUTHOR
CORPORATE
SOURCE
PUBLISHER
REPORT DATE
REPORT NUMBER
NOTE
SUBJECTS
Preliminary operation's plan and guidelines for the at-sea incineration of
liquid PCS wastes " ~
Scinto, L. L.
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory (Research
Triangle Park, N.C.)
Research Triangle Park, NC: ' U.S.' Environmental Protection Agency
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory ; Cincinnati", OH : Center for
Environmental. Research Information [distributor], 1983. 6 D. : ill 1
map ; 28 cm. * ' "'
1983
EPA - 600/S2-82-068 (EPA); EP 1. 89/2-600/2 - 2-82-068 (GPO Catalog Number)
Caption title. At head of title: ' Project summary. Distributed to
depository libraries' in microfiche. "Apr. 1983."' "E"pA-600/S2-82-068. "
Polychlorinated .biphenyls; Incineration-United States'; Waste-
disposal .in , the . :dcean-Uni*'ed States; ' PolychTorinated biphenyls-
Incineration-United States; Waste'disposal in1the qdeah-United States
-278-
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TITLE
AUTHOR
CORPORATE
SOURCE
PUBLISHER
REPORT DATE
REPORT NUMBER
NOTE
SUBJECTS
Technical assistance in support of permitting activities for the thermal
destruction of PCBs ~~ " "
Mclnnes, Robert G.
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory (Research
Triangle Park, N.C.)
Research Triangle Park, NC : U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory ; Cincinnati, OH : Center for
Environmental Research Information [distributor], 1982. 2 p. ; 28 cm.
1982
EPA-600/S 2-81-240 (EPA), EP 1.89/2-9 76/13 (GPO Catalog Number)
Caption title. At head of title: Project summary. "Aueust 19R? "
"EPA-600/S2-81-240."
Polychlorinated biphenyls; Boilers-Efficiency
TITLE
AUTHOR
CORPORATE
SOURCE
PUBLISHER
REPORT DATE
REPORT NUMBER
NOTE
SUBJECTS
I!!6. determination of polychlorinated biphenyls in transformer fluid and
waste oils ~ ~
Bellar, Thomas A.
Lichtenberg, James A.
Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory
(Cincinnati, Ohio)
Cincinnati, Ohio : Environmental Protection Agency, Research and
Development, Environmental Monitoring & Support Laboratory : Center for
Environmental Research Information [distributor], 1982. 18 p. : ill. ;
28 cm.
1982
EP 1. 23/5-600/4-81-045 (GPO Catalog Number); EPA-600/4-81-045 (EPA)
Caption title. At head of title: Test method. "Sept. 1982." "EPA
600/4-81-045."
Petroleum waste; Polychlorinated biphenyls
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