3
O
C
EPA SPONSORED
STAGE II VAPOR RECOVERY
IMPLEMENTATION WORKSHOP
PACIFIC ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES, INC.
MARCH 1992
DALLAS
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AGENDA
STAGE II VAPOR RECOVERY IMPLEMENTATION WORKSHOP
MARCH 23 AND 24, 1992
DALLAS,TX
Time Period
Title and Description of Section
MARCH 23
8:00 - 8:30 Check in/Registration
8:30 - 8:45 Welcome/introduction
Introduction to workshop agenda and speakers, brief
description of handout materials
8:45-9:15 Presentation of Technical Guidance Document
Description of CAAA requirements, general preamble,
and purpose and function of the document
9:15 - 9:45
9:45- 10:00
10:00- 10:45
Presentation of Enforcement Document
More discussion of CAA requirements and Stage II
citations, purpose and function of document
Break
Industry Description
Industry description, gasoline throughput, model
plants, and size distribution
10:45- 12:00
12:00-1:30
1:30-3:00
3:00-3:15
3:15-4:15
Emissions and Control Techniques
Emission points, emission factors, basic control
techniques and their effectiveness
Lunch
Control Technology
Description of types of systems, specific components
of systems, problems with past equipment and
corrections, hands-on equipment demonstration
Break
Costs
Presentation of facility costs and comparison of St.
Louis Stage II costs
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AGENDA (CONTINUED)
STAGE II VAPOR RECOVERY IMPLEMENTATION WORKSHOP
Time Period Title and Description of Section
MARCH 24
8:00 - 8:15 Introduction to Day's Activities - Program Implementation
8:15-8:45 Planning and Public Awareness
Discussion of Planning Considerations for a Stage II
Program including the important aspect of public
awareness.
8:45 - 9:45 Regulations/Equipment Requirements
Discussion of equipment requirements including CARB
certification, CARB Executive Orders, approved
systems in other States, and their incorporation into
regulations
9:45 -10:00 Break
10:00-10:45 Other Regulation Elements
Discussion of Exemption Levels, Compliance
Schedules, Record keeping Requirements, and other
aspects of Stage II Regulations. Includes presentation
and discussion of existing Stage II regulations.
10:45- 11:15 Underground Piping/Test Methods
Discussion of importance of underground piping and
discussion of various tests (liquid blockage, pressure
decay, etc.)
11:15-12:15 Permitting
Discussion of permitting strategies for existing Stage II
Programs.
12:15-1:30 Lunch
1:30 - 2:30 Inspection Techniques
Discussion of inspection techniques including
description of defects and penalties and inspector
training
2:30 - 2:45 Break
2:45-3:15 Summary of Important Points of Staoe II Program
Overview of workshop with opportunity for additional
questions/discussion
3:15 - 4:00 Discussion
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STAGE II REQUIREMENTS
IN THE 1990 CLEAN AIR ACT
AMENDMENTS AND TITLE I GENERAL
PREAMBLE
AND
INTRODUCTION TO THE
TECHNICAL GUIDANCE DOCUMENT
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STAGE II REQUIREMENTS
IN THE 1990 CLEAN AIR ACT
AMENDMENTS AND TITLE I GENERAL
PREAMBLE
AND
INTRODUCTION TO THE
TECHNICAL GUIDANCE DOCUMENT
1-1
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OVERVIEW
1990 Clean Air Act Amendments
General Preamble
Introduction to Technical Guidance Document
1-2
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1990 CLEAN AIR ACT AMENDMENTS
TITLE I: Section 182(b)(3) Gasoline Vapor Recovery
States must submit SIP by November 15,1992
Requiring Stage n Systems
For moderate and above ozone nonattainment areas
Optional - - Maximum Allowable Exemptions:
<. 50,000 gal/month dispensed for "independent small
business marketers"
<. 10,000 gal/month dispensed for all facilities
1-3
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1990 CLEAN AIR ACT AMENDMENTS
TITLE I: Section 182(b) (3)
Gasoline Vapor Recovery
(Continued)
Compliance Dates:
{Starting after State adoption}
6 months facilities constructed after Nov. 15, 1990
one year
>. 100,000 gal/month facilities
two years for all others
1-4
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1990 CLEAN AIR ACT AMENDMENTS
TITLE I: Section 184 Control of Interstate Ozone Air Pollution
Ozone Transport Region:
Connecticut, Delaware, Maine, Maryland,
Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey,
New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, and
the Washington D.C. CMSA
EPA study required to identify control measures with
comparable emission reductions achieved with Stage EL
due Nov. 1993
States must implement Stage II or comparable measures
within a year of the completed study
1-5
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1990 CLEAN AIR ACT AMENDMENTS
TITLE II: Section 202(a) (6)
Onboard Vapor Recovery
Promulgate Onboard Controls by Nov. 15, 1991
After Consultation with DOT regarding safety issues
Phase-In Required - Beginning with the fourth Model
Year Vehicles after promulgation
AFTER Promulgation of Onboard Rule:
Stage n Shall NOT Apply In:
1) Moderate Areas
2) By EPA rule, all other areas after EPA determines
Onboard Emission Control Is Widespread
1-6
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Section 325 In 1977 CAAA
For Independent Small Business Marketer (independents)
a) Provides for < 50,000 gal/month exemption for independents
Provides three-year phase for independents
b) Allows any State to NOT adopt the < 50,000 exemption for
independents
(Continued)
1-7
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Section 325 In 1977 CAAA
For Independent Small Business Marketer (independents)
(Continued)
c) Persons that are independents, unless such person:
1) A) is a refiner, or
B) controls, is controlled by, or is under common
control with, a refiner,
C) is otherwise directly or indirectly affiliated with A)
or B), or
2) receives less than 50 percent of annual income from
refining or marketing of gasoline.
1-8
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GENERAL PREAMBLE
{ Implementation of Title I CAAA of 1990 }
Preamble provides preliminary views on how EPA
interprets provisions in Title I
Requires that Stage II systems be:
1) capable of achieving at least 95 percent vapor
control efficiency
2) properly installed and operated
1-9
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GENERAL PREAMBLE (Con't)
Alternative to Testing Each Station For 95% Control:
1) Installed systems must be certified to achieve at least 95%
either by:
a. California ARE, or
b. Using CARB Test Procedures and Methods, or
c. Equivalent Test Procedures and Method Developed
By the State and Submitted as a SIP Revision. AND,
2) Systems must be tested for proper installation, and
3) Perform all necessary enforcement.
1-10
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GENERAL PREAMBLE (Con't)
Onboard reductions will not be realized until well after the
moderate area attainment deadline of November 1996
Moderate areas may want to consider installing Stage n,
even if onboard is required.
Notification That Stage II Guidance Is Issued by the
Administrator:
Technical Guidance Document
Enforcement Guidance Document
1-11
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Technical Guidance -
Stage II Vapor Recovery Systems for Control of Vehicle Refueling
Emissions at Gasoline Dispensing Facilities
Volume I: Chapters
EPA-450/3-91-022a
Volume II: Appendices
EPA-450/3-91-022b
1-12
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TECHNICAL GUIDANCE DOCUMENT
PURPOSE AND FUNCTION
Both Guidance Documents Fulfill CAAA Requirements to:
"issue guidance as appropriate as to the effectiveness of
such system"
Provide information and guidance to State and local agencies
related to the planning, permitting, and implementation of
Stage n vapor recovery programs
1-13
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TECHNICAL GUIDANCE DOCUMENT
SOURCES OF INFORMATION
Previous EPA Analyses
Information From CARB
Visits and Information from California Air Pollution
Districts
Visits and Information from State and Local Agencies
with Stage n Programs
Information from Equipment Manufacturers
1-14
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TECHNICAL GUIDANCE DOCUMENT
CONTENTS
Industry Description and Characterization
Emission Sources and Estimates
Control Technology, Effectiveness, and Costs
Implementation Information from Current Programs
- 1-15
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HIGHLIGHTS
1990 CAAA requires Stage H :
In Particular Areas
Optional & Allowable Exemption Levels
Installation Dates
Promulgation of Onboard Rule removes some
requirements
General preamble:
Requires at least 95 percent efficient systems to be
installed
Alternative to Testing Each Station
Announces Guidance Documents
Technical Guidance Document presents emission, control
technology, costs, and implementation information
1-16
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GENERAL PREAMBLE
IMPLEMENTATION OF TITLE I
CLEAN AIR ACT AMENDMENTS
OF 1990
STAFF WORKING DRAFT
II
LO/|K91
PREDECISIONAL MATERIALS
DO NOT CITE OR QUOTE
1-17
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PRE7ACZ
The purpose of this document is to provide guidance to
assist States in preparing new State implementation plans
pursuant to Title I of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments. The
present document, a staff working draft version of the General
Preamble for Title I, discusses all criteria pollutants (ozone,
carbon monoxide, particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, lead, and
nitrogen dioxide). This version is the result of the Agency work
group process (closure on October 9, 1991) and has been submitted
to OMB for review. The EPA plans to publish the final document
in the FEDERAL REGISTER in late 1991.
1-18
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10/11/91 STAFF WORKING DRAFT
PREDECISIONAL MATERIALS
DO NOT CITE OR QUOTE
l SUMMARY: Title I of the Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA) of 1990
2 revamped the requirements for areas that have not attained the
3 national ambient air quality standards (NAAQS) for ozone, carbon
4 monoxide (CO), particulate matter (PM-10), sulfur dioxide (S02),
5 nitrogen dioxide (N02), and lead. In addition, Title I made
6 numerous changes in the requirements for State implementation
7 plans (SIP's) in general, including the provisions governing
3 EPA's processing of SIP revisions, as well as the repercussions
9 of State failures to meet the various SIP requirements. Many of
:.0 these requirements call for early action by the States. For
11 example, under Title I, States with pre-enactment ozone
12 nonattainment areas were to begin submitting SIP revisions
13 6 months after enactment (May 15, 1991).
14 This General Preamble (preamble) principally describes EFA's
15 preliminary views on how EPA should interpret various provisions
16 of Title I, primarily those concerning SIP revisions required for
17 nonattainment areas. Although the General Preamble includes
18 various statements that states must take certain actions, these
19 statements are made pursuant to EPA's preliminary
20 interpretations, and thus do not bind the States and the public
21 as a matter of law. In the near future, EPA will (i) begin to
22 take action, pursuant to notice-and-comment rulemaking, on SIP
23 revisions submitted by the States, and (ii) issue rules, pursuant
24 to notice-and-comment rulemaking, on various Title I provisions.
25 During the comment periods for those subsequent actions, members
26 of the public will have the opportunity to comment on the
27 relevant issues. This General Preamble is an advance notice of
1-19
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PREDECISIONAL MATERIALS
DO MOT CITE OR QUOTE
1 how EPA generally intends, in those subsequent: rulemakings, to
2 take action on SIP submissions and to interpret various Title I
3 provisions.
4 A Federal Register notice published on June 13, 1991 [56 FR
5 27257] announced the public availability of a draft version of
6 this General Preamble. The notice also announced EPA's intent to
7 conduct a 2-day public hearing to discuss issues, related to the
8 preparation of new state implementation plans under Title I of
9 the 1990 CAAA, that were raised in the draft preamble. The
10 public meeting was held in Reston, Virginia on June 25 and 26,
11 1991. A public docket, No. A-91-35, was open until July 26, 1991
12 for written comments concerning issues raised in the General
13 Preamble and/or at the public meeting. (Technical Support
14 Document! on file in Docket No. A-91-35, contains a summary of
15 the issues raised in the oral comments at the public meeting and
16 in the written comments submitted to the Docket, along with EPA
17 responses to certain issues. When preparing the final version of
13 the General Preamble, EPA considered all of the issues raised by
19 the public.
20 SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATIONtfca be developed into FEDERAL REGISTER
21 format prior to publication)
22 I. PURPOSE
23 The primary purpose of this preamble is to provide the
24 public xith advance notice of how EPA generally intends to
25 interpret various requirements and associated issues that have
26 arisen under Title I of the CAAA. The information provided in
27 this preamble is therefore intended to guide States and to help
1-20
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r
10/11/91 STAFF WORKING DRAFT
PREDECISIONAL MATERIALS
4 DO NOT CITE OR QUOTE
method could differ for a single source because the 5 407
emission limits are specified as annual allowable rates whereas
the § 182 limits must be protective of the hourly ozone standard.
It is also important tolnote that, in certain areas, States
may require NOX controls basld on advanced control technologies
6 rather than RACT if such con
7 expeditious attainment of th
3 minimize potentially inert
9 requirements, States and rl
rols are necessary to provide for
ozone NAAQS. In order to avoid or
tal jjr repetitive control
sources should consider in
10 advance the implications ofVJth sections.
11 g. Gasoline vapor recovery. (Stage II Vapor Recovery
12 Systems). Section 182(b)(3) mandates that States submit a
13 revised SIP by November is, 1992, that requires owners or
14 operators of gasoline dispensing systems to install and operate
IS gasoline vehicle refueling vapor recovery ("Stage II") systems in
16 ozone nonattainment areas designated as moderate and above.
17 Private fueling facilities (such as government and company fleet
13 fueling facilities) as well as retailers are subject to the
19 Stage II requirements, stage II is required at gasoline
20 dispensing facilities that dispense more than 10,000 gallons of
21 gasoline per mrfnth (or 50,000 gallons per month for the
22 "independent small business marketers" defined under S 325).
23 States nust require Stage II to be effective under a specified
24 phase-in schedule of (1) 6 months after the State adopts the
25 required regulation for stations constructed after November 15,
26 1990; (2) 1 year after the adoption date for stations dispensing
27 at least 100,000 gallons per month, based on the 2-year period
1-21
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-3/L1/31 5TAFF WORKING
PREDECISIONAL MATERIALS
DO NOT CITE OR QUOTE
l before the adoption date; and (3) 2 years after the adoption date
2 for all other facilities required to install controls. Also, a-
3 appropriate, EPA shall issue guidance concerning the
4 effectiveness of Stage II systems.
5 Stage II systems have been installed and operated in
6 California for over 10 years and in some other portions of the
7 country for a shorter period. Areas with existing Stage II
3 programs have been implementing their programs using the same
9 approach used in California. The California Air Resources Board
10 (CARB) has been testing and certifying systems for at least
11 95 percent vapor recovery using established test procedures and
12 methods. Once a system has been certified, a station can install
13 the same Stage II system design without needing to test for
14 95 percent control effectiveness. To ensure that they are
15 properly installed and maintained, systems are tested with low-
16 cost vapor leakage and blockage tests at installation and then
17 subjected to periodic enforcement inspections.
IS The EPA intends to require all states to adopt a similar
19 Stage II program approach. That is, States would be required to
20 prescribe the use of Stage II systems that achieve at least 95
21 percent control of VOC's and that are properly installed and
22 operated.
23 AS an alternative to testing each station for 95 percent
24 control effectiveness, States may require installed Stage II
25 systems to be certified to achieve at least 95 percent either by
26 CARB, or by using CARB test procedures and methods or equivalent
27 test procedures and methods developed by the state and submitted
1-22
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10/11/91 STAFF WORKING DRAFT
PREDECISIGNAL MATERIALS
DO NOT CITE OR QUOTE
: as a SIP revision. In addition, States must require the
2 installed systems to be tested for proper installation and must
: perform all necessary enforcement.
; Supporting and background material for developing,
5 implementing, and enforcing this type of program is provided in
6 technical and enforcement guidance that the Agency has issued.
7 The Agency now notifies the public that this is guidance issued
3 by the Administrator pursuant to S 182(b)(3)(A).
9 Additional stage II provisions contained in S 202(a)(6)
10 concern onboard (on-the-vehicle) vehicle refueling control
11 standards, which are to be developed after consultation with the
12 Secretary of Transportation regarding the safety of onboard
13 systems. Under this section, States are not required to apply
14 the Stage II requirements of § 182(b)(3), gasoline vapor
15 recovery, to facilities located in moderate ozone areas if EPA
16 promulgates onboard refueling control standards. The statutory
17 deadline for promulgation of the onboard regulations is November
13 IS, 1991. However, the CAAA require EPA to consult with the
19 Department of Transportation (DOT) regarding safety, prior to
20 promulgation of the regulations. This determination is well
21 under way. DOT'S National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
22 (NHTSA) released a safety study in July 1991. A public hearing
23 on the study and on the general issue of onboard safety was held
24 on September 26 and 27, 1991. Written comments were received
25 until October 27, 1991. Based on NHTSA'a findings and the
26 public record, EPA will make a determination as to promulgation
27 of the onboard regulations.
1-23
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10/11/91 STAFF WORKING DRAFT
PREDECISIONAL MATERIALS
DO NOT CITE OR QUOTE
1 Moderate areas may want to consider implementing the
2 gasoline vapor recovery requirements to all or part of the
2 potentially affected stationary sources even before EPA
4 promulgates the onboard rules. The potential emission reductions
5 achieved from the onboard rules will not be fully realized until
6 after November 15, 1996, the attainment deadline for moderate
7 areas. In contrast, emission reductions from Stage II gasoline
s vapor recovery requirements could be achieved within 2 years.
9 fV Basic I/M. Section 182(b)(4) requires moderate ozone
10 nonattainunt areas to implement basic I/M programs at least as
11 stringent as\Chose required in S 132(a)(2)(B) immediately upon
12 enactment, regardless of whether an I/M program was previously
13 required. ThereforV all moderate areas must either continue
14 existing I/M programs^nd make corrections to programs required
IS by existing policy or toNorograms committed to in the SIP in
16 effect at enactment, whichever is more stringent; or develop
17 basic I/M programs consistent with EPA guidance. These areas
13 must also submit revisions addressing revised basic I/M program
19 policy for new and existing programs\once revised policy is
20 published. The I/M programs are required in the urbanized area
21 portions, as defined by the Bureau of the \ensus in 1980, of the
22 nonattainment area.
23 The statute requires these plans "immediately" after
24 enactment, even though in a few cases such areas maWbe subject
25 to this requirement for the first time. The EPA wouldN^ormally
26 provide at least 1 year for an area newly subject to
27 requirements to adopt and implement an I/M program. The EPA
1-24
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ENFORCEMENT GUIDANCE FOR
STAGE II VEHICLE REFUELING
CONTROL PROGRAMS
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ENFORCEMENT GUIDANCE FOR
STAGE II VEHICLE REFUELING
CONTROL PROGRAMS
2-1
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FIVE AREAS OF PROGRAM GUIDANCE
TRAINING AND PUBLIC EDUCATION PROGRAMS
A METHOD TO DETERMINE WHICH FACILITIES
COMPRISE THE REGULATED UNIVERSE
DATA COLLECTION AND REVIEW TO MONITOR
COMPLIANCE AMONG REGULATED FACILITIES
PERIODIC INSPECTION OF REGULATED FACILITIES
TO INSURE COMPLIANCE WITH PROGRAM
REQUIREMENTS
A METHOD TO ENSURE REGULATED FACILITY
COMPLIANCE WITH PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS
THROUGH ENFORCEMENT MECHANISMS
2-2
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SYNOPSIS OF STAGE H
ENFORCEMENT GUIDANCE
Provides Information for Public Awareness and
Effective Training
Successful Implementation and Oversight
Monitor All Program Operation
Establish An Effective Enforcement Program
2-3
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POA TRAINING AND TESTING
REQUIREMENTS FOR
INSPECTORS
Training Program Should Cover the Following Subject Areas:
Purposes and Effects of Stage n Vapor Control
Programs
System Types, Parts, Operations, and Functions
Inspection Requirements
Visual and Functional Identification Techniques of
System and Equipment Failures
Record Review and Recording Procedures
Enforcement Procedures
2-4
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FACILITY OWNER/OPERATOR
TRAINING ON STAGE H
EQUIPMENT
At Least One Owner/Operator From Each Facility Should
Receive Training in the Following Areas:
Purposes and Effects of the Stage n Vapor Control
Program
Equipment Operation and Function
Maintenance Schedules and Requirements
Equipment Warranties
Equipment Manufacturer Contacts for Parts and
Service
2-5
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POA EDUCATION OF REGULATED
FACILITIES
The POA Should Prepare and Distribute the Following
Information on the Purposes and Benefits of Stage II Vapors
Control to All Regulated Facilities:
The General Purposes and Benefits of the Stage
Vapor Control Program
The Specific Program Requirements
Potential Enforcement Consequences for Non-
Compliance
Information on the Program Oversight Agency
2-6
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PUBLIC AWARENESS PROGRAM
The purposes and benefits of the Stage n program
A general explanation of how Stage n systems function
The correct procedures for operation of Stage II
systems
Information on the program oversight agency
2-7
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DETERMINATION OF REGULATED UNIVERSE
The Agency must accurately determine which
facilities must comply with the Stage II program
requirements.
The Agency must then develop and maintain a
program to accurately track facilities in the
regulated universe.
2-8
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FACILITY RECORDKEEPING
Permitting records
Station Operating License
System Installation and Testing Results
Stage n Maintenance Records
Inspection Records
Compliance Records
Training Certification
2-9
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POA RECORDKEEPING
REQUIREMENTS
General Station File
Station Inspection Report File
Station Enforcement File
2-10
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FACILITY EQUIPMENT
REQUIREMENTS FOR INSTALLATION
AND TESTING
Infrastructure System Equipment
All Stage II Underground Equipment Must
Comply With All Stage E and Other Related
Regulations
The Regulated Facility Should Verify Proper
Installation and Function of the Equipment
Each Facility Should Recertify the Function of
Stage n Equipment at Least Every Five Years or
Upon Major System Replacement or Modification
2-11
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FACILITY EQUIPMENT
REQUIREMENTS FOR INSTALLATION
AND TESTING (CONT'D)
Aboveground System Equipment
All equipment Must Meet the Requirements for a
Certified System
Facilities Conducting Substantial Repairs or
Replacements Should Upgrade Facility Equipment
The POA Should Establish a Mechanism for Testing
and/or Approving Replacement or Rebuilt Replacement
Parts Before Such Parts Are Installed
2-12
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EQUIPMENT REQUIREMENTS
Control systems required to achieve at least 95 percent
control
Systems must
1) be certified by GARB, or
2) be tested using GARB methods, or
3) be tested and approved by an equivalent testing
program
2-13
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PROGRAM OVERSIGHT AGENCY
EQUIPMENT
The POA Should Possess and Utilize the Equipment Necessary to
Verify Compliance by Regulated Parties.
2-14
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REGULATED FACILITY INSPECTIONS
GUIDANCE
Visual Inspection Requirements
Functional Testing Requirements
2-15
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REQUIREMENTS FOR PROGRAM
PENALTIES
Notices of Violations
Warnings
Cease and Desist Orders
Suspension of License or Permit to Operate
Revocation of License or Permit to Operate
Monetary Fines
"Red Tagging" Equipment
2-16
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REVIEW OF
EWE AREAS OF PROGRAM GUIDANCE
TRAINING AND PUBLIC EDUCATION PROGRAMS
A METHOD TO DETERMINE WHICH FACILITIES
COMPRISE THE REGULATED UNIVERSE
DATA COLLECTION AND REVIEW TO MONITOR
COMPLIANCE AMONG REGULATED FACILITIES
PERIODIC INSPECTION OF REGULATED FACILITIES
TO INSURE COMPLIANCE WITH PROGRAM
REQUIREMENTS
A METHOD TO ENSURE REGULATED FACILITY
COMPLIANCE WITH PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS
THROUGH ENFORCEMENT MECHANISMS
2-17
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INDUSTRY DESCRIPTION
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INDUSTRY DESCRIPTION
3-1
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INDUSTRY DESCRIPTION
Gasoline Marketing Facilities
Gasoline Throughput
Service Station Population
Service Station Size Distribution
, 3-2
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GASOLINE MARKETING FACILITIES
3-3
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Imported Gasoline
Imported or
Domestic Crude
Commercial, Rural
Accounts
Consumer
Figure 2-1. Gasoline Marketing In The United States
3-4
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DEFINITION OF SERVICE STATION
"Any site where
gasoline is dispensed to
motor vehicle fuel
tanks from stationary
storage vessels"
3-5
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TYPES OF SERVICE STATIONS
Public Facilities
Traditional service stations
Pumpers
Convenience Stores
Private Facilities
Government
Fleets (taxis, rental cars, etc.)
Trucking and local service
School buses
Agriculture
3-6
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GO
1990 Public Market Share Breakdown
60
50
40
0)
|30
0)
Q.
20
10
::::::::::::::::::::::::x::;x;:::
service stations
pumpers
convenience stores
others
% of Outlets
% of Throughput
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TABLE 2-7. 1990 MPSI MARKET SHARE BREAKDOWN
Service Convenience
Stations Pumpers Stores
Others
Total
Northeastern Region
X of Outlets
X of Volume
Avg. Monthly Volume
(Gallons)
Midwestern Region
X of Outlets
X of Volume
Avg. Monthly Volume
(Gallons)
Sunbelt Region
X of Outlets
X of Volume
Avg. Monthly Volume
(Gallons)
Western Region
X of Outlets
X of Volume
Avg. Monthly Volume
(Gallons)
Total United States
X of Outlets
X of Volume
Avg. Monthly Volume
(Gallons)
60.6
54.7
62,611
35.9
28.2
59,220
22.0
23.4
55.613
45.6
42.6
70.428
38.4
36.4
62,479
22.3
39.2
121,861
43.7
63.0
108,706
34.5
57.8
101,853
34.2
50.0
127,931
33.2
52.5
112,230
6.3
3.6
39,847
9.2
6.0
42,642
33.2
15.7
28.735
12.4
5.4
38.252
18.3
8.5
32,220
10.8
2.5
15,974
11.2
2.8
18,802
10.3
3.1
18.343
7.8
2.0
22.593
10.1
2.6
18.524
100.0
100.0
69,360
100.0
100.0
74,782
100.0
100.0
58,798
100.0
100.0
32,356
100.0
100.0
69,036
Source: MPSt Inc., Tulsa, Oklahoma, reported in 1991 NPN factbook.
3-8
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GASOLINE THROUGHPUT
3-9
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GASOLINE THROUGHPUT
Emission Factors in units of
weight/volume throughput
Assume that total nationwide
throughput is eventually loaded
into vehicle fuel tank at a service
station
3-10
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STATES WITH HIGHEST GASOLINE THROUGHPUT
STATE
California
Texas
Florida
New York
Ohio
Illinois
Pennsylvania
Michigan
Georgia
New Jersey
Percent of
Nationwide
Throughput
11.4
7.6
5.3
5.3
4.9
4.5
4.1
3.8
3.1
3.0
3-11
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Nationwide throughput by State
STATE
ALABAMA
ALASKA
ARIZONA
ARKANSAS
CALIFORNIA
COLORADO
CONNECTICUT
DELAWARE
DISTRICT OF COL.
FLORIDA
GEORGIA
HAWAII
IDAHO
ILLINOIS
INDIANA
IOWA
KANSAS
KENTUCKY
LOUISIANA
MAINE
MARYLAND
MASSACHUSETTS
MICHIGAN
MINNESOTA
MISSISSIPPI
MISSOURI
1990
THROUGHPUT
2,120,444
274,133
1,678,470
1,264,427
13,304,359
1,547,261
1,445,681
347,026
175,799
6,212,149
3,571,616
388,769
491,663
5,224,728
2,696,329
1,376,510
1,251,101
1,850,610
2,024,455
611,394
2,157,151
2,433,953
4,371,053
2,077,581
1,265,062
2,752,483
PERCENT OF
NATIONWIDE
1.8%
0.2%
1.4%
1.1%
11.4%
1.3%
1.2%
0.3%
0.2%
5.3%
3.1%
0.3%
0.4%
4.5%
2.3%
1.2%
1.1%
1.6%
1.7%
0.5%
1.9%
2.1%
3.8%
1.8%
1.1%
2.4%
STATE
MONTANA
NEBRASKA
NEVADA
NEW HAMPSHIRE
NEW JERSEY
NEW MEXICO
NEW YORK
NORTH CAROLINA
NORTH DAKOTA
OHIO
OKLAHOMA
OREGON
PENNSYLVANIA
RHODE ISLAND
SOUTH CAROLINA
SOUTH DAKOTA
TENNESSEE
TEXAS
UTAH
VERMONT
VIRGINIA
WASHINGTON
WEST VIRGINIA
WISCONSIN
WYOMING
NATIONWIDE
1990
THROUGHPUT
444,349
795,515
651,818
510,137
3,547,006
811,429
6,119,254
3,337,499
352,200
5,765,788
1,712,492
1,366,546
4,733,852
381,057
1,618,044
393,896
2,613,637
8,859,492
734,344
290,641
3,027,842
2,311,131
835,298
2,123,146
262,113
PERCENT OF
NATIONWIDE
0.4%
0.7%
0.6%
0.4%
3.0%
0.7%
5.3%
2.9%
0.3%
4.9%
1.5%
1.2%
4.1%
0.3%
1.4%
0.3%
2.2%
7.6%
0.6%
0.2%
2.6%
2.0%
0.7%
1.8%
0.2%
116,513,000
3-12
-------
Nationwide Throughput by Month
percentage of annual throughput
9.2
CO
I
!-
CO
8.8
8.6
8.4
8.2
8
7.8
7.6
7.4
JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
Month
-------
Throughput by Nonattainment designation
(percentage of national throughput)
serious
moderate
severe
OJ
marginal
extreme
attainment
-------
TABLE 2-2. GASOLINE THROUGHPUT PERCENTAGES OF
NATIONAL TOTAL FOR OZONE NONATTAINMENT
AREAS CLASSIFIED MODERATE OR ABOVE
Nonattainment Areas
Percentage
of
National
Throughput
Percentage
of
Nonattainment Areas National
Throughput
Extreme
Los Angeles-South Coast Air Basin, CA 4.81
Severe
Baltimore. MO 0.99
Chicago-Gary-Lake County, IL-IN 2.52
Houston-Galvesten-Brazoria, TX 1.64
Milwaukee-Racine, WI 0.52
New York-N New Jer-Long Is. NY-NJ-CT 4.97
Philadelphia-Uilm-Trent, PA-NJ-DE-MD
Southeast Desert Modified AQNA. CA
San Diego, CA
Ventura Co, CA
Serious
Atlanta, GA 1.18
Baton Rouge, LA 0.27
Beaumont-Port Arthur, TX 0.18
Boston-Lawrence-Worcester (E.NA), 2.40
MA-NH
El Paso, TX 0.17
Greater Connecticut 1.26
Nuskegon, Ml 0.05
Portsmouth-Dover-Rochester, NH
San Joaquin Valley, CA
Providence (All Rl), RI
Sacramento Metro, CA
Sheboygan, Wl
Springfield (Western MA), MA
Washington, DC-MD-VA
Moderate
Atlantic City, NJ 0.12
Charleston. W 0.12
Charlotte-Gastonia, NC 0.25
Cincinnati-Hamilton, OH-KY 0.60
Cleveland-Akron-Lorain, OH 1.10
Dallas-Fort Worth, TX 1.63
Dayton-Springfield, OH 0.35
Detroit-Ann Arbor, MI 1.76
Grand Rapids, Ml 0.25
Greensboro-Winston Salem-H Point, NC 0.30
Huntington-Ashland, UV-KY 0.09
Kewaunee Co, WI 0.01
Knox & Lincoln Cos, ME 0.03
Lewiston-Auburn, ME 0.08
Louisville, KY-IN 0.34
NanitOMOC Co, WI 0.03
Miami-Fort Lauderdale-W. Palm Beach,
FL
Monterey Bay, CA
Nashville, TN
Parkersburg. WV
Phoenix, AZ
Pittsburgh-Beaver Valley, PA
Portland, ME
Raleigh-Durham, NC
Reading, PA
Richmond-Petersburg, VA
Salt Lake City, UT
San Francisco-Bay Area, CA
Santa Barbara-Santa Naria-Lompoc, CA
St Louis, MO-IL
Toledo, OH
1.91
a
0.86
0.23
13.64
0.13
0.98
0.35
0.73
0.00
0.31
1.12
9.13
1.52
0.23
0.37
0.07
0.84
0.86
0.17
0.26
0.13
0.07
0.30
2.16
0.13
1.06
0.20
15.50
Source: Nonattairment designations from 56 FR 56692 (See Table 1-1)
Gasoline consumption percentages estimated using 1985 NEDs fuel use report
a Gasoline consumption not reported because the consumption for this area and the LA South Coast Air Basin
consumption cited above overlap, and sufficient information is not in the database to allow proportion
this area's consumption from the LA consumption.
1 3-15
-------
TABLE 2-3. ESTIMATED GASOLINE CONSUMPTION BY STATE FOR
MODERATE AND ABOVE OZONE NONATTAINMENT AREAS
STATE
ALABAMA
ALASKA
ARIZONA
ARKANSAS
CALIFORNIA
COLORADO
CONNECTICUT
DELAWARE
DISTRICT OF COL.
FLORIDA
GEORGIA
HAWAII
IDAHO
ILLINOIS
INDIANA
IOWA
KANSAS
KENTUCKY
LOUISIANA
MAINE
MARYLAND
MASSACHUSETTS
MICHIGAN
MINNESOTA
MISSISSIPPI
MISSOURI
MONTANA
NEBRASKA
NEVADA
NEW HAMPSHIRE
NEW JERSEY
NEW MEXICO
NEW YORK
NORTH CAROLINA
NORTH DAKOTA
OHIO
OKLAHOMA
OREGON
PENNSYLVANIA
RHODE ISLAND
SOUTH CAROLINA
SOUTH DAKOTA
TENNESSEE
TEXAS
UTAH
VERMONT
VIRGINIA
WASHINGTON
WEST VIRGINIA
WISCONSIN
WYOMING
NATIONWIDE
TOTAL 1990
THROUGHPUT
(1000 gal) (1)
2,120,444
274,133
1,678,470
1,264,427
13,304,359
1,547,261
1,445,681
347,026
175,799
6,212,149
3,571,616
388,769
491,663
5,224,728
2,696,329
1,376,510
1,251.101
1,850,610
2,024,455
611,394
2,157,151
2,433,953
4,371,053
2,077,581
1,265,062
2,752,483
444,349
795,515
651,818
510,137
3,547,006
811,429
6,119,254
3,337,499
352,200
5,765,788
1,712,492
1,366,546
4,733,852
381,057
1,618,044
393,896
2,613,637
8,859,492
734,344
290,641
3,027,842
2,311,131
835.298
2,123,146
262,113
116,512,733
PERCENTAGE OF MODERATE AND
THROUGHPUT IN ABOVE OZONE
MODERATE AND ABOVE NONATTAINMENT
OZONE NONATTAINMENT
AREAS (2)
OX
0%
57%
OX
94X
OX
100X
77X
100X
3 IX
40X
OX
OX
6 IX
12X
OX
OX
26X
14X
58X
86X
100X
55X
OX
OX
34X
OX
OX
OX
61X
98X
OX
49X
28X
OX
SOX
OX
OX
49X
100X
OX
OX
16X
45X
45X
OX
13X
OX
27X
35X
OX
43X
1990 THROUGHPUT
(1000 gal)
0
0
964,833
0
12,477,101
0
1,445,681
266,202
175,799
1,904,708
1,442,491
0
0
3,197,686
325,161
0
0
479,449
286,315
353,101
1,849,060
2,433,953
2,389,559
0
0
943,204
0
0
0
312,603
3,482,556
0
3,020,510
948,253
0
2,860,051
0
0
2,315,213
381,057
0
0
417,739
3,958,250
332,915
0 .
393,675
0
224,213
746,396
0
50,327,735
SOURCES: (1) Federal Highway Administration, Monthly Gasoline Reports
As Reported 1n 1991 NPN Factbook
(2) Preliminary estimate based on 1987-89 design values
or 1988-90 design values for a few areas
3-16
-------
SERVICE STATION POPULATION
3-17
-------
REGULATED UNIVERSE
The Program Oversight Agency
"must establish a method to
accurately determine which facilities
must comply with the Stage II
program requirements"
3-18
-------
REGULATED UNIVERSE
Facility Population
Distribution by Throughput
3-19
-------
STATES WITH LARGEST PUBLIC
SERVICE STATION POPULATION
STATE
California
Texas
North Carolina
Florida
Illinois
Michigan
Missouri
Georgia
New York
Louisiana
Number of
Service
Stations
13,800
11,000
10,643
10,152
10,100
8,500
7,200
7,000
6,800
6,600
3-20
-------
TABLE 2-4. ESTIMATED 1990 RETAIL SERVICE STATION POPULATION
State
Number of
Stations
State
Number of
Stations
Alabama 6,500
Alaska 300
Arizona 4,010
Arkansas 3,764
California 13,800
Colorado 3,400
Connecticut 1,900
Delaware 450
Dist. of Columbia 134
Florida 10,152
Georgia 7,000
Hawaii 392
Idaho 1,123
Illinois 10,100
Indiana 4,500
Iowa 4,169
Kansas 3,062
Kentucky 2,446
Louisiana 6,600
Maine 700
Maryland 2,450
Massachusetts 2,500
Michigan 8,500
Minnesota 3,598
Mississippi 6,000
Missouri 7,200
Montana 1,400
Nebraska 3,000
Nevada 450
New Hampshire 1,050
New Jersey 3,860
New Mexico 2,066
New York 6,800
North Carolina 10,643
North Dakota 1,245
Ohio 6,205
Oklahoma 4,700
Oregon 2,165
Pennsylvania 6,000
Rhode Island 602
South Carolina 5,200
South Dakota 1,245
Tennessee 6,000
Texas 11,000
Utah 2,137
Vermont 856
Virginia 6,000
Washington 3,500
West Virginia 2,800
Wisconsin 5,074
Wyoming 1,372
NATIONWIDE TOTAL 210,120
Source: National Petroleum News, "Counting Procedure
How Retail Outlet Population is Greater Than
Expected," April 1991.
Shows
3-21
-------
SERVICE STATION SIZE DISTRIBUTION
3-22
-------
1990 CLEAN AIR ACT AMENDMENTS
STAGE II EXEMPTION LEVELS
<_ 10,000 gallons per month
<_ 50,000 gallons per month for
independent small business
marketers
3-23
-------
OJ
IVi
120,000
Average Monthly Volume
100,000
^ 80,000
§
g. 60,000
M
0
40,000
20,000
0
service stations pumpers convenience stores others
total
-------
40
35
30
(0
o>
(0
<*>
ro
tn
; 20
O)
i
o 15
100.000
EPA Nationwide Public Service Station Distribution
-------
TABLE 2-6. NATIONWIDE RETAIL
SERVICE STATION DISTRIBUTION ESTIMATED BY EPA
Gasoline Throughput Range Percentage of Retail
(gallons/month) Service Stations
0 - 9,999 26
10,000 - 24,999 30
25,000 - 49,999 26.5
50,000 - 99,999 14
> 100,000 3.5
Source: "Draft RIA: Proposed Refueling Emission
Regulations for Baseline Motor Vehicles - Volume I
Analysis of Gasoline Marketing Regulatory
Strategies," EPA-450/3-87-001a.
3-26
-------
ro
40
35
30
g 25
£
u
.2
? 20
I 15
10
:z\
^
I
I
I
< 10.000
10.000 - 24.999
25.000 - 49.999
I
I
50.000 - 99,999
> 100.000
Sierra Research Los Angeles Public Service Station Distribution
-------
TABLE 2-8. LOS ANGELES RETAIL
SERVICE STATION DISTRIBUTION REPORTED BY SIERRA RESEARCH
Gasoline Throughput Range Percentage of Service
(gallons/month) Stations
0 - 9,999 12.9
10,000 - 24,999 8.0
25,000 - 49,999 21.8
50,000 - 99,999 35.2
> 100,000 22.0
Source: Sierra Research, "An Analysis of Stage II and
Onboard Refueling Emissions Control", November 30,
1988.
3-28
-------
40
35
30
CO
I
ro
10
o
S
\
25
20
15
10
I
< 10.000
I
10,000 - 24.999
I
25.000 - 49,999
I
50,000 - 99.999
I
> 100.000
Lundberg Data Metropolitan Public Service Station Distribution
-------
TABLE 2-9. RETAIL SERVICE STATION DISTRIBUTION
BASED ON LUNDBERG DATA FROM 16 METROPOLITAN AREAS
Gasoline Throughput Range Percentage of Service
(gallons/month) Stations
0 - 5,999 3.8
6,000 - 9,999 4.8
10,000 - 24,999 15.0
25,000 - 49,999 23.5
50,000 - 99,999 32.3
100,000 - 199,999 18.2
> 200,000 2.4
Source: Lundberg Survey, Incorporated.
3-3Q
-------
c*>
I
40
35
30
25
20
5. 15
10
I
I
< 10.000
10.000 - 24.999
25.000 49,999
EPA Nationwide
Sierra Los Angeles
50.000 - 99.999
Lundberg Metropolitan
I
> 100,000
Comparison of EPA Nationwide, Sierra L.A., and Lundberg Metropolitan
-------
INDEPENDENT SMALL
BUSINESS MARKETER
CAA SECTION 326
Persons that are not indepedent small
business marketers:
(1) (A) refiners, or
(B) those that control, is controlled
by, or is under common control
with, a refiner,
(C) those that are otherwise directly
or indirectly affiliated with (A) or
(B),
(2) those that receive less than 50
percent of annual income from
refining or marketing of gasoline.
3-32
-------
oo
I
00
CO
50
40 -
£30
0>
CD
03
10 -
0
Percentage of Independents
0- 10
10-25 25-50 50-100
station size (thousand gallons per month)
> 100
-------
TABLE 2-10. CONSUMPTION DISTRIBUTION FOR NATIONWIDE
AND METROPOLITAN AREA SCENARIOS
Percent Consumption
Facility Throughput Range Nationwide Metropolitan
(gallons/month) Distribution Distribution
0 -
6,000 -
10,000 -
25,000 -
50,000 -
> 100
5,999
9,999
24,999
49,999
99,999
,000
4.7
4.1
17.8
27.5
27.2
18.8
2.4
0.4
5.0
12.4
29.1
50.6
TABLE 2-11. ESTIMATED PERCENTAGE OF RETAIL STATIONS THAT
ARE INDEPENDENTS BY THROUGHPUT CLASSIFICATION
Throughput Range Percentage of
(gallons/month) Independents
0 - 9,999 18%
10,000 - 24,999 31%
25,000 - 49,999 45%
50,000 - 99,999 39%
> 100,000 39%
3-:34
-------
PERCENT CONSUMPTION EXCLUDED
WITH VARIOUS STAGE II EXEMPTION
SCENARIOS
EXEMPTION SCENARIO
PERCENT
CONSUMPTION
EXCLUDED
FROM
REGULATION
EXEMPT STATIONS 2,000
GAL/MON
2.4%
EXEMPT STATIONS < 10,000
GAL/MON
2.8%
EXEMPT STATIONS < 10,000
GAL/MON AND INDEPENDENTS <
50,000 GAL/MON
10.0%
3-35
-------
TABLE 4-3. PERCENT CONSUMPTION EXCLUDED WITH VAPIOUS
STAGE II EXEMPTION SCENARIOS
PERCENT CONSUMPTION
EXCLUDED FROM
EXEMPTION SCENARIO REGULATION
EXEMPT STATIONS 2,000 GAL/MON 2.4%
EXEMPT STATIONS < 10,000 GAL/MON 2.8%
EXEMPT STATIONS < 10,000 GAL/MON AND
INDEPENDENTS < 50,000 GAL/MON 10.0%
Exemption values based on metropolitan area throughput by
model plant shown in Table 2-9, since most, if not all,
nonattainment areas are metropolitan areas. Table 2-10 was
used to estimate exemptions for independents. The following
assumptions were used:
< 2,000 gal/mon = Model Plant la
< 10,000 gal/mon = Model Plant 1
< 10,000 gal/mon non-independents, < 50,000 gal/mon
independents = Model Plant 1 plus independents in
Model Plants 2 and 3
3-36
-------
SUMMARY
Accurately determine facility
population
Distribution of Stations by gasoline
throughput
Best approach is to obtain area-
specific information
Technical guidance document
provides information to estimate in
absence of area-specific information
3-37
-------
APPENDIX A
LUNDBERG SURVEY INCORPORATED INDIVIDUAL
COUNTY SIZE DISTRIBUTION
The Lundberg Survey information discussed in Chapter 2
provided the number of service stations in each of the
following counties along with the average monthly gasoline
throughput.
Syracuse, NY Houston-Galveston-Brazoria, TX
Phoenix, AZ St. Louis, MI-IL
San Diego, CA Portland-Vancouver, OR-WA
Detroit-Ann Arbor, MI Milwaukee-Racine, WI
Lansing, MI New York-Newark-Long Island, NY-NJ-
CT
Grand Rapids, MI Providence-Pawtucket-Fall River,
MA-RI
El Paso, TX Madison, WI
Orlando, FL Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc,
CA
There were approximately 11,000 individual service stations
in the database. For each individual county, the service
stations were placed into seven categories according to
monthly gasoline throughput. The distribution for all of
these areas combined was given in Table 2-8 and is restated
in Table A-l. However, the distribution for each county was
also calculated. In order to provide comparisons between
these counties, the counties were then sorted according to
population and number of service stations. These
distributions are shown in Tables A-2 and A-3, respectively.
3-38
-------
TABLE A-l. RETAIL SERVICE STATION DISTRIBUTION
BASED ON LUNDBERG DATA FROM 16 METROPOLITAN AREAS
GASOLINE THROUGHPUT RANGE PERCENTAGE OF SERVICE
(gallons/month) STATIONS
0 - 5,999 3.8
6,000 - 9,999 4.8
10,000 - 24,999 15.0
25,000 - 49,999 23.5
50,000 - 99,999 32.3
100,000 - 199,999 18.2
> 200,000 2.4
Source: Lundberg Survey, Incorporated.
3-39
-------
TABLE A-2
SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS OF COUNTIES SORTED BY POPULATION
Ljnaoerg Survey
.ncorooratea Census uata
Tnrougnout =cr '..£. Environmental P'atecnon Agency
COUNTY
MONROE, XL
WALLER. TX
CLINTON, IL
BRISTOL, RI
LIBERTY. TX
YAMHILL. OR
LAPEER. MI
FRANKLIN, MO
OSCEOLA. FL
WASHINGTON, RI
LIVINGSTON, MI
MACOMB. IL
SUSSEX, NJ
KENT. RI
JEFFERSON, MO
MONTGOMERY, TX
BRAZORIA. TX
GALVBSTON, TX
FORT BEND, TX
CLARK, WA
SOMERSET, NJ
MADISON, IL
CLACXAMAS, OR
WASHTENAH, MI
SEHXNOLE, FL
WASHINGTON, OR
RICHMOND, NY
MORRIS, NJ
OCEAN, NJ
PASSXAC, NJ
ONION, NJ
HUDSON. NJ
MONMOUTH, NJ
MULTINOMAH, OR
PROVIDENCE, RZ
MIDDLESEX, NJ
ORANGE, FL
C. NJ
I, NJ
OAKLAND, MI
anon, NY
NEW YORK, NY
QUBRB8, NY
WAYNB, MX
KINGS, NJ
SAN DIEGO, CA
RABBIS, TX
POPULATION
22365
23150
33455
48288
52241
65307
74340
80413
104104
108003
114958
117206
129633
159900
170254
180394
190891
216175
224751
237277
239188
246762
277791
280222
289213
309883
349549
419456
429076
442895
490000
533598
548793
580029
585763
667761
670213
749355
818237
1076234
1203789
1420702
188137S
2049294
2300664
246S961
2791102
SIZE1
13.3
22.0
12.9
0.0
12.0
0.0
27.5
13.4
1.1
1.6
13.3
0.7
1.3
1.0
4.7
9.9
10.7
3.8
12.5
1.9
0.8
2.4
4.2
4.9
0.7
0.0
5.1
1.6
3.0
1.7
2.8
7.4
0.8
3.2
3.5
4.3
2.8
1.1
3.0
1.8
5.1
2.5
5.3
2.1
4.6
2.5
4.2
SIZE2
6.7
9.8
25.8
14.3
12.0
3.2
13.7
5.2
2.3
4.7
4.4
1.3
5.1
1.9
3.8
11.5
12.6
10.9
10.6
4.9
1.7
4.8
2.5
4.9
2.0
2.4
2.5
2.4
1.2
3.9
6.0
5.5
2.7
0.
5.
4.
3.
9.
5.
2.
3.
1.
5.
3.
4.
1.
6.
SIZE3
33.3
24.4
19.4
4.8
34.7
38.7
15.7
13.4
17.2
14.1
11.1
5.7
15.4
12.5
7.5
28.1
34.0
35.9
17.3
14.6
11.7
18.2
10.1
10.6
20.5
6.1
14.4
9.8
15.1
16.7
15.5
12.9
7.0
7.9
14.8
12.1
13.9
19.1
16.5
5.7
16.7
5.0
18.8
5.8
18.0
6.8
21.0
SIZE4
40.0
19.5
32.3
42.9
26.7
29.0
17.6
46.6
29.9
31.3
17.8
14.3
26.9
28.8
27.4
27.1
27.9
25.0
29.8
29.1
19.2
41.8
21.0
9.8
18.5
14.6
33.1
28.9
25.3
29.6
21.6
23.9
23.4
26.5
33.5
31.5
23.6
23.2
24.5
13.3
27.0
17.5
27.7
11.3
24.5
14.3
25.2
SIZES
6.7
17.1
6.5
28.6
12.0
29.0
15.7
17.5
39.1
31.3
22.2
40.3
39.7
37.5
42.5
13.5
13.0
18.5
20.2
34.0
48.3
28.5
37.0
44.7
35.1
40.2
29.7
37.0
28.3
36.5
31.4
30.1
39.1
40.3
27.7
26.1
37.1
36.8
35.6
39.8
27.9
28.8
27.7
46.6
30.0
33.1
27.7
SIZE6
0.0
7.3
3.2
9.5
2.7
0.0
7.8
4.1
9.2
15.6
15.6
30.0
10.3
17.3
13.2
8.3
1.9
6.0
9.6
15.5
17.5
4.2
21.8
22.0
IB. 5
35.4
13.6
19.1
19.3
11.2
21.6
17.8
25.0
19.0
13.9
18.0
17.3
9.6
14.0
33.0
18.1
30.0
13.8
28.1
16.1
34.4
14.3
SIZE7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.0
0.0
1.1
1.6
15.6
7.7
1.3
1.0
0.9
1.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.8
0.0
3.4
3.3
4.6
1.2
1.7
1.2
7.8
0.4
1.1
2.5
2.0
2.4
1.0
3.2
1.9
0.4
1.3
4.3
1.9
15.0
0.8
2.9
1.9
7.8
0.8
3-40
-------
TABLE A-3
SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS OF COUNTIES SORTED BY THE
NUMBER OF SERVICE STATIONS
uunaoerg Survey
incarooratea Census Data
jASOhne Tnrougnout for ..:.Environmental Protection Aaeney
COUNTY
MONROE. IL
BRISTOL. RI
CLINTON, XL
YAMHILL. OR
WALLER. TX
LIVINGSTON, MI
LAPEER. HI
WASHINGTON. RI
LIBERTY, TX
SUSSEX. NJ
NEW YORK, NY
WASHINGTON, OR
OSCEOLA. FL
FRANKLIN. NO
CLARK, WA
KENT, RI
FORT BEND. TX
JEFFERSON, MO
RICHMOND. NY
CLACKANAS. OR
SOMERSET. NJ
WASHTENAH, MI
SEKINOLE. FL
HUDSON. NJ
MADISON. IL
OCEAN. NJ
GALVESTON. TX
MONTGOMERY, TX
BRONX. NY
BRAZORIA, TX
PASSIAC, NJ
MORRIS, NJ
MULTINOKAH, OR
MONMUUTB. NJ
ESSEX, NJ
ONION. NJ
MACOMB, IL
S, RZ
MIDDLESEX. NJ
KINGS, NJ
ORANGK, FL
OAKLAND, MI
QUEENS, NY
BERGEH, NJ
SAN DIEGO, CA
WAYNE, MI
HARRIS. TX
STATIONS
IS
21
31
31
41
45
SI
64
75
78
80
82
87
97
103
104
104
106
118
119
120
123
1S1
163
165
166
184
192
2 IS
213
233
246
293
256
272
283
300
310
372
416
423
442
508
534
774
822
1801
SIZE1 SIZE2 SIZE3
13*3 6.7 33.3
0.0 14.3 4.8
12.9 25.8 19.4
0.0 3.2 38.7
22.0 9.8 24.4
13.3 4.4 11.1
27.5 13.7 15.7
1.6 4.7 14.1
12.0 12.0 34.7
1.3 5.1 15.4
2.5 1.3 S.O
0.0 2.4 6.1
1.1 2.3 17.2
13.4 S.2 13.4
1.9 4.9 14.6
1.0 1.9 12. S
12.5 10.6 17.3
4.7 3.8 7.5
5.1 2.5 14.4
4
0.
4.
0.
7.
1
*
.
2.5 10.1
1.7 11.7
4.9 10.6
2.0 20.5
5.5 12.9
4.8 18.2
1.2 15.1
10.9 35.9
11.5 28.1
J
12.
3.
2.
0.
9.
6.
&
5.
4.
4.
3.
2.
5.
5.
1.
3.
6.
16.7
34.0
16.7
9.
7.
7.
19.
15.
5.
14.
12.
18.
13.
5.7
18.8
16.5
6.8
5.8
21.0
SIZE4
40.0
42.9
32.3
29.0
19.5
17.8
17.6
31.3
26.7
26.9
17.5
14.6
29.9
46.6
29.1
28.8
29.8
27.4
33.1
21.0
19.2
9.8
18.5
23.9
41.8
25.3
25.0
27.1
27.0
27.
29.
28.
26.
23.
23.
21.
14.
33.5
31.5
24.5
23.6
13.3
27.7
24.5
14.3
11.3
2S.2
SIZES
6.7
28.6
6.5
29.0
17.1
22.2
15.7
31.3
12.0
39.7
28.8
40.2
39.1
17.5
34.0
37.5
20.2
42.5
29.7
37.0
48.3
44.7
35.1
30.1
28.5
28.3
18.5
13.5
27.9
13.0
36.5
37.0
40.3
39.1
36.8
31.4
40.3
27.7
26.1
30.0
37.1
39.8
27.7
35.6 .
33.1
46.6
27.7
SIZE6
0.0
9.5
3.2
0.0
7.3
15.6
7.8
15.6
2.7
10.3
30.0
35.4
9.2
4.1
15.5
17.3
9.6
13.2
13.6
21.8
17.5
22.0
18.5
17.8
4.2
19.3
6.0
8.3
18.1
1.9
11.2
19.1
19.0
25.0
9.6-
21.6
30.0
13.9
18.0
16-1
17.3
33.0
13.8
14.0
34.4
28.1
14.3
SZZE7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
15.6
2.0
1.6
0.0
1.3
15.0
.2
.1
.0
.0
.0
.0
.9
1.7
3.4
0.8
3.3
4.6
2.5
0.
7.
0.
1.
1.
0.
0.
1.
. 2.
-2.
0.
1.
7.
"1.
3.
1.
1.
4.
0.
1.
7.
2.
0.
3-41
-------
These tables could be used to predict a distribution
for an area where data are not available to actually
calculate this distribution. For example, assume a county
has a population of approximately 225,000. From Table A-2,
the counties of Galveston, TX, Fort Bend, TX, Clark WA, and
Somerset, NJ have similar populations. An average size
distribution could be calculated using this information and
the number of stations from Table A-3. This could then be
used as an estimate of the size distribution for the example
county.
3-42
-------
COVER REPORT'
An NPN Exclusive
Counting Procedure Shows
How Retail Outlet Population
Is Greater than Suspected
Wr-l
By Richard J. Shaner
Executive t ciitur
J-43
-------
A comprehensive, up-to-the-minute sur-
vey conducted by National Petroleum
\'ews indicates that the retail gasoline
outlet population currently exceeds
200,000 and may have stabilized, after
years of retrenchment, within hailing
distance of the old peak set in 1972.
Simply stated, the new counting con-
cept focuses on the number of places
where motorists can buy gasoline for their
vehicles at retail pumps. It includes con-
ventional "service stations." convenience
stores, unattended outlets, truckstops. car
washes, garages, etc.. anywhere and
everywhere that gasoline is sold to the
public.
It provides marketers with acomparable
and much more confirmable universe fig-
ure rather than (he hodgepodge of guesses
that have been commonplace in recent
years.
It's quite probable that when a new sur-
vey is made by NPN early next year, the
gap between the 1991 count and the 1972
record will have narrowed considerably
and may be just a memory. Right now. it's
relatively close. NPN's 1991 population
total is 210.120 compared with 1972's
226.459. This is only about 16.000 below
the old high water mark.
This, in itself, is surprising because the
general feeling has been thai the number
of places where motorists can purchase
gasoline has been on a frightening
downhill ski ride for 15-20 years. There is
no question that thousands of retail sta-
tions have gone belly-up in the last decade
or so, forced out by the economics of stay-
ing alive or by being displaced and gob-
bled up by big stations that absorbed the
efforts of several smaller ones in given
neighborhoods. Environmental require-
ments, including underground storage
tanks, insurance and Stage II requirements
were particularly troublesome in 1989 and
1990.
But many of these losses have been
made up by the expansion of convenience
Washington
3,500
^ \ontana
V400
Pump
Reflect Growth
And Turmoil
. - ' .-y~
A half-century ago. retail gasoline
taxesfederal and statecost con-
sumers less than .06* gal. Even with
them, pump prices for regular ran only
18* gal. Today, federal and state tax
averages are in the 30* gal. range and
pump prices (regular grade) in 1990
averaged $1.15 gal. for the year and hit
as high as SI.40 gal. in the-final
quarter.) ;. .^SaftiffiK^i
Here's an overview for the. past 50
yean. It must be remembered, how-
ever, that unleaded gasoline wu not a
marketing factor until 1978 when it
was mandated by the federal ^govern-
ment as a replacement- for leaded
gasoline. Today that turnover process
is virtually completed with leaded
gasoline sales down to about 5% of
total consumption.
Retail Gasoline Prices:
A Half-Century of Changes
Leaded UnlMdexi
Regular Regular
SI.150 $1.170
0.997 1.022
0.900 0.946
0.897 0.948
0.857 0.927
1.115 1.203
1.129 1.212
1.157
1.222
1.311 1.378
1.191 1.245
0.572
0.361
0.356
0.311
0.267
0.184
Unleaded not in marketplace*.
Sours*: American Petroliuin Inalrtut*.
Petroltum Basic Data Boo*. 1890.
1990
1969
1988
1987
1986
1985
1984
1983
1982
1981
1980
1975
1972
1970
1960
1950
1940
ApnIIWI NPNNATIONAL PETROLEUM NEWS
3-44
27
-------
The Top 10 Across the Board
California
Texas
N.Carolina
Florida
Illinois
Michigan
Missouri
Georgia
New York
Louisiana
Total
Outlets
in 1991(a)
13,800
11,000
10,643
10,152
10,100
8,500
7,200
7,000
6.BOO
6,600
N. Carolina
Mississippi
Louisiana
Alabama
Arizona
Iowa
S. Carolina
Virginia
Florida
Missouri
Winners'
Increases
'91 v. "72> NPN Fact boot 1990.
for counting purposes only, retail gasoline
stations from other types of business.
This includes the motor vehicle depart-
ments, the licensing departments and the
tax divisions in more than half of the states
in the country.
As a matter of fact, it's easier to find out
the number of underground storage tanks
in almost any state than it is to determine
the number of service stations above them.
That's because federal law mandated
establishment of environmental offices in
each state, and the collection of ap-
propriate data, including county-by-coun-
ty inventories of UST facilities, so that
federal and state regulations can be ad-
ministrated. Since the mandate specified
only storage tanks, no one apparently gave
a hoot about the number of stations above
them.
The lack of "official" tallies forced the
NPN staffers to track down other respon-
sible sources in state administrations who
might have reasonable knowledge of the
gasoline marketplaces and are in a position
to make reliable estimates. These included
weights and measures departments which.
while not responsible for totals, were
responsible for the accuracy of every retail
pump in business. Key trade associations
were contacted, too. because of their spe-
cialized knowledge.
About two-thirds of the numbers
gathered by NPN are "hard" numbers, i.e..
figures based on registration, licensing
and tax division compilations. The
remaining one-third ranges from "unoffi-
cial" estimates and in a couple of cases
"guesstimates" based on the best available
knowledge.
The to'tals for about half of the states
indicate their gasoline outlet populations
today are greater than they were in 1972.
That was surprising in its own right be-
cause the general assumption had been
that all 50 states had declined, that none
was better ot'f now than 20 years ago.
Some of the state totals seem exag-
gerated and out of step with reality. Take
North Carolina, for example. It gave its
retail outlet population as 10,643. which
makes it the third greatest in the nation
bigger than Florida. Illinois and other
populous areas that have much higher
gasoline consumption totals. But North
Carolina has an annual reporting proce-
New Hampshire
t0
Vermont
856V
West Virginia
2,800
.
Pemsylveria
j- 6floor
Massachusetts
2,500
Rhode Island
602
Connecticut
New Jersey
3,860
Delaware
450
Maryland
2/50
Apnl 1991 NPN NATIONAL PETROLEUM NEWS
3-45
-------
COVER REPORT
20-Year Overview:
The Way We Are Now, the Way We Were Then
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
Olst. of Col.
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
N. Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
S. Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
UUI ttniftnmln
Wisconsin
Total Outlets
(Add 000)
1991 (a) 1987(b) 1972(c)
6.500 2.229 4.510
300 214 241
4.010 1.241 2.357
3.764 1.357 3.144
13.800 9.812 19.513
3.400 1.568 3.170
1.900 1.671 2.798
450 279 557
134 115 318
10.152 5.933 9.199
7.000 3.273 6.730
392 355 480
1.123 558 1.193
10.100 4.655 10.211
4.500 2.854 6.235
4.169 2.020 2.613
3.062 1.576 3.609
2.446 2.058 3.921
6.600 1.934 3.921
700 673 1.224
2.450 1.846 3,012
2.500 2.738 4.698
8.500 4 164 8,919
3.598 2.289 4.585
6.000 1.374 2.727
7.200 3.119 6.280
1.400 548 1.190
3.000 1.163 2.265
450 441 798
1.050 534 888
3.860 3.791 5.768
2.066 696 .831
6.800 5.982 11.359
10.643 3.547 6.946
1.245 471 910
6.205 5.362 11.723
4.700 1.705 4.153
2.165 1.352 2.828
6.000 5.192 11.256
602 487 901
5.200 1.833 3.720
1.245 556 1.171
6.000 2.491 5.157
11.000 8.568 17.118
2.137 849 1.504
856 369 596
6.000 2.740 4.648
3.500 2.003 3.945
2.800 1.013 2.156
5.074 2.735 5.182
1.372 415 772
Gasoline Gallonage
(Add 000,000)
1989 (a) 1987(b) 1972(c)
2.122 2.084 1.796
239 243 112
1.755 1.683 1.094
1.274 1.242 1,113
13.339 12.543 9.996
1,535 1.566 1.296
1,387 1,485 1,309
349 338 290
183 181 232
6.138 5.915 3.899
3.573 3.421 2.680
392 385 253
490 462 451
4.994 4,772 4.837
2.675 2.746 2.741
1.410 1.370 1.653
1.294 1,266 1.428
1,862 1.855 1.626
2.043 2.063 1.658
628 607 518
2.158 2.068 1.775
2.520 2.492 2.276
4.377 4,288 4,537
2.102 2.033 2.061
1.258 1.270 1.203
2.758 2.754 2.646
444 441 427
801 776 884
633 568 366
527 514 391
3.531 3.586 3.170
821 813 647
6.770 6.169 6,027
3.369 3.318 2.714
361 381 423
5.024 5.012 4,960
1,678 1.773 1.516
1.366 1.313 1.192
4.710 4.590 4,769
385 397 401
1.829 1.681 1,398
398 393 464
2.633 2.755 2.104
8.749 8.866 6.888
751 764 595
284 282 243
3.043 2.994 2.165
2.316 2.215 1.648
837 829 735
2.122 2.047 2.147
326 313 279
Total U.S. 210.120 114,748 226.459 115.558 113,930 100.069
(a) This compilation embraces all outlets where gasoline is sold at retail; It Includes
servce stations, convenience stores, car washes, etc.: a universe, in effect, of retail
gasoline outlets: the survey was completed in January 1991.
(b) These are the U.S. Bureau of Census figures for 1987 but Include only those ser-
vice stations which have employees and payrolls and generate more than half of
their income from gasoline sales. Automatically excluded are convenience stores.
car washes, etc.
(c) These are the U.S. Bureau of Census figures for 1972 and are generally con-
sidered universe counr because only a handful of places, beyond orthodox ser-
vice stations, sou gasoUna at retail at that time?
Sources; NPN stat»-br*tate re/epftom survey tor f 991: U.S. Census fluraau, Cen-
suses of AattN Tiado. 1987 end 1972.
siores into gasoline marketing, and by th.
construction/modernization programs o
the majors and big independents
The new counting concept makt. j '°
the inadequacies of the U.S. Ccnsu
Bureau s Survey of the Retail Trades
which is made every five years, and for th
fragility of another key U.S. Commerc
Dept. report. Franchising in the U ~
Economy, which had been used as a basi
for providing interim service station to
tals.
The new approach counts in. instead o
ignoring, the tens of thousands of reta1
units with gasoline service that have bee
a growing part of the convenience stor
world since the late '70s. It looks at ther
as full-fledged members of the gasolm
marketing scene, peer equals for seme
stations.
The problem with the so-called "offi
cial" Census Bureau survey is that th
collection signals and data bases wer
changed several times in recent years s
the figures were no longer comparab!
with prior years. For example, m 1972
about the only place that a motorist coul
buy gasoline was at a "service station." I
1972. the Census Bureau said there wer
226.459 of them and this total, in effec-
represented the "universe." C-stores wer
almost meaningless in the gasoline busi
ness at that time.
In 1982 and 1987. the Census :a
eliminated Mom-and-Pop stations and tal
lied only those which had employees am
formal payrolls. They classified as "ser
vice stations" only those which generate!
50% or more of their income fron
gasoline sales. In 1987. the Census Bureai
came up with a national total of 114.00(
service stations, which was sad indeed b'
comparison with 1972's 226.000. But th<
figures were not comparable because on<
was a universe and the other a bobtailo
count.
During the late '70s and all through the
'80s. the convenience store industry bur
geoned by the thousands to the curren
total of an estimated 80.000. of which twc
out of three or three out of four (take you
pick) have gasoline facilities. This createt
such a gray area that only generalization-
could be used to estimate the retail outle
population. At best few marketers though
the total for all outlets was more thar
200.000, let alone hard on the heels of the
all-time high of yesteryear.
NPN's approach was nationwide ir
scope and. in effect, a repackaging of the
numbers so that each state would bt
responsible for its own statistics. A'PA
staff members contacted every state;" the
union and the District of Colur tc
make sure every voice was heard.
At the outset, it must be realized that
many states do not have so-called "offi-
cial" figures or procedures for isolating.
:s
3-46
NPNNATIONAL PETROLEUM NEWS April 1991
-------
CCVE3 REPORT
North Dakota\ Minnesota
1245 I 3,598
South Dakota
-V245
2,446
dure that counts its retail gasoline outlets
county by county.
"We have a lot of small ones down here.
probably more than any other state." says
a state association executive. "They're
just about everyplace. I wouldn't be
surprised at all at the number of 10.000
gaUmo. and 20.000 gaUmo. outlets we
have, the kind you don't often find in most
places anymore."
California, with the most outlets in the
country, was a real problem child in get-
ting an estimate. In 1972. California had
almost 20.000 outlets. Today its Equaliza-
tion Board can come up with a figure for
true service stations, but confesses it has
"no idea" how many convenience store
types with gasoline there are. Secondary
sources were used to get an acceptable
(and authoritative) total for California.
A Washington state official says she had
been trying for a year to get a retail
gasoline station population total for her
state by contacting state department offi-
cials she thought should know. No one.
she says, had anything. Completely
frustrated, she's now in the process of
making her own count and hopes to have
it completed this month or next.
Texas was another state that provided a
total for true service stations but said it
didn't know how many C-stores sold
gasoline, even though most sources in the
Lone Star State say it would be easier to
count those that don't than those that do.
The importance of convenience stores
as gasoline marketers cannot be ignored.
Collectively, they sell billions of gallons
of gasoline annually, perhaps as much as
20-25% of the national total. Realistically.
it's virtually impossible to get specific
statistics. There are no state-by-statc
breakouts on population totals, there are
only guesses.
States that have kept up with their retail
gasoline outlet populations in recent years
include North Carolina, Florida. Iowa.
Kansas and Maryland, to name a few.
States that now have more outlets than
they did in 1972 include North Carolina.
Mississippi, Louisiana. Alabama.
Arizona. Iowa. South Carolina. Virginia.
Florida and Missouri.
States that have lost ground include
Texas, California. Ohio. Pennsylvania.
New York. Massachusetts. New Jersey, In-
diana, Kentucky and Minnesota. Texas
total is off 6.000. while California. Ohic
and Pennsylvania's are down by at leasi
5.000.
"Somewhere, somehow, the federal
government, the state governments or
petroleum marketers themselves will have
to do something about this." says one state
official. "With all the licensing, tax. UST.
Stage II and other regulations we have tc
live with, isn't it ironic we can't even teli
you how many business places we have in
the individual states and nationally? It';
like saying we have a church full of people
but no one knows how many parishioner?
are in the place."
As a service to the industry and to en-
hance its reputation as a source of factual
petroleum marketing data. NPN plans tc
update its state-by-state Scoreboard in
1992 and in subsequent years. Inasmuch
as some states are already moving in the
direction of better counting procedures, it
may be assumed that the NPN count will
become more accurate with each passing
year. Mi*
New Mexico
Oklahoma
4,700
Arkansas
7
Mississppi
Alabama
3-47
NPNNATIONAL PETROLEUM NEWS Apnl 1991
-------
SOURCES OF EMISSIONS
-------
SOURCES OF EMISSIONS
4-1
-------
SOURCES OF EMISSION
Refueling Emission Sources
Factors Influencing Emissions
Emission Estimates
Other Emission Sources
4-2
-------
SOURCES OF EMISSIONS
4-3
-------
lAir
OquWI
7=^N
©)(©) Uq?O
y\^^^/^^^/-N^^^^^/N^>^->^^_/^-^^Vv'V>^
Underground Storage Tank
Submerged
Vapors
Storage Tank Vent Pipe
Loading of Service Station Underground Storage Tank
(A) With No Controls.
Meter--
Underground Storage Tank
Storage Tank Vent Pipe
Service Station Vehicle Refueling With No Controls
Figure 3-1. Uncontrolled Service Station Operations
4-4
-------
STAGE I VERSUS STAGE II ACTIVITIES
AT SERVICE STATIONS
Emissions Essentially Independent
Control Effectiveness Dependent
4-5
-------
TABLE 3-1. EXAMPLE COMPOSITION OF GASOLINE VAPORS
Compound Weight Percent
N-Propane 4.6
Isobutane 19.0
N-Butane 21.4
Isopentane 28.3
N-Pentane 5.3
2-2-Dimethyl Butane 0.6
2-3-Dimethyl Butane 1.0
2-Methyl Pentane 4.0
3-Methyl Pentane 2.3
N-Hexane 1.1
3-3-Dimethyl Pentane 1.1
3-Methyl Hexane 0.7
Methyl Cyclopentane 1.2
Cis-2-Pentene 0.6
Benzene 0.7
Toluene 1.0
Other3 7.1
100
8 Other hydrocarbons with individual weight percent less
than 0.5.
Source: Furey, Robert and Nagel, Bernard. Composition of
Vapor Emitted From a Vehicle Gasoline Tank During
Refueling. SAE Technical Paper Series #860086,
February 1986.
4-6
-------
TABLE 3-2. GASOLINE HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANT VAPOR PROFILE
Hazardous Air Pollutant
HAP Content
HAP/VOC wt percentage ratio
Arithmetic Estimated
Average Normal Reformulated
Fuel Fuel
Hexane
Benzene
Toluene
2,2,4 Trimethylpentane
(iso-octane)
Xylenes
Ethylbenzene
Naphthalene
Cumene
MTBE
TOTAL HAPS"
1.6
0.9
1.3
0.8
0.5
0.1
0.5
0.1
4.8
1.4
0.4
1.1
0.7
0.4
0.1
0.0
0.0
8.7
13
8 Columns do not add to totals. Total HAPs as well as
individual HAPs were calculated for each data point in
the normal fuel analysis, and thus the totals are not
simply sums of the individual components. Adjustments
were made to this normal fuel based on the reformulated
gasoline requirements to predict a reformulated profile.
Source: Preliminary Estimates from EPA Stage I NESHAP
project on gasoline marketing.
4-7
-------
Vapor Manifold Piping
K^-s^ 'C
\f~
Vapor
Liquid
""" v j
1
TV) Liquid
quid \
Tfose
Vapor
Hose
Underground Storage Tank
Submerged Fill Pipe
:
Storage Tank Vent Pipe
Loading of Service Station Underground Storage Tank
(A) With Vapor Balance System (Stage I Controls).
Meter--
Coaxial Vapor/Liquid Hose
Vapor Recovery
Nozzle
g Underground Storage Tank
Storage Tank Vent Pipe
;Vapor;
Liquid
Pump
Service Station Vehicle Refueling With Vapor Balance
(B) System (Stage II Controls).
Figure 3-2.
Controlled Service Station Operations
(Stage I and Stage II)
4-8
-------
FACTORS INFLUENCING EMISSIONS
4-9
-------
FACTORS INFLUENCING REFUELING
EMISSIONS
Reid Vapor Pressure (RVP)
Liquid Gasoline Temperature
Temperature Difference Between
Liquid Gasoline Dispensed and
Vehicle Tank Temperature
4-10
-------
TABLE 3-3.
1992 AND BEYOND RVP LIMITS BY MONTH
AND BY GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION
fEB
APR
Reid Vapor Pretiura (psl)
MT JIM JUL AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
DEC
Weighted Average
er Winter Annual
(Apr-Sep) (Oct-Har)
ALABAMA 11.5 11.5 1Z.5 11.
ALASKA 15.0 1S.O 1S.O 15.1
ARIZONA ll.S I2.S 10.8 10.1
ARKANSAS 14.2 11.5 12.5 11.
CALIFORNIA 11.6 11.4 12.6 It.
COLORADO 15.0 14.2 12.5 It.
COHNECriCUT 15.0 15.0 14.2 13.
DELAWARE 15.0 15.0 14.2 11.
DIET. OF COL. 15.0 14.2 ll.S 12.
FLORIDA 11.5 11.5 12.5 11.
refwffA IV V IV K 13 C It
GEORGIA 19. j 1J.3 12.3 11.
HAWAII 11.5 II. 5 11.5 11.
IDAHO 15.0 14.2 11.5 12.
ILLINOIS 15.0 15.0 14.2 13.
INDIANA 15.0 15.0 14.2 13.
IOWA 15.0 15.0 14.2 12.
KANSAS 15.0 14.2 12.5 It.
KENTUCKY 15.0 14.2 11.5 12.
LOUISIANA ll.S 11.5 12.5 11.
MAINE 15.0 1S.O 14.2 11.
MARYLAND 15.0 15.0 14.2 11.
MASSACHUSETTS 15.0 15.0 14.2 11.
MICHIGAN 15.0 15.0 14.2 11.
MINNESOTA 15.0 15.0 14.2 11.
HICelcelBBI IV K 4V 13 C 14
MISSISSIPPI 1J.9 1J.5 !«> 11.
MICCMIDI 1C A 1A 9 11 < 13
MISSOURI IJ.U 14. c lj.9 12.
MONTANA 15.0 15.0 14.2 12.
NEBRASKA 15.0 15.0 14.2 12.
NEVADA 14.2 11.4 12.2 11.
NEW HAMPSHIRE 15.0 15.0 14.2 11.
NEU JERSEY 15.0 15.0 14.2 11.
NIW MEXICO 13.9 12.2 11.6 10.1
NEW YORK 1S.O 15.0 14.2 11.
i 9
) 14
)
1
I
(
7.B T. 7.8
11.5 11. 11. 1
7.B . 7.
7.B . 7.
7.6 . 7.
7.B . 7.
9.0 .0 *.0
9.0 .0 9.0
7.B .8 7.8
7.B .8 7.B
11.5 11.5 11.5 1
9.0 9.0 9.0
9.0 9.0 9.0
9.0 9.0 9.0
9.0 9.0 9.0
.0 7.8 7. 7.8
.0 9.0 9. 9.0
.0 7.8 7. 7.B
.0 9.0 9. 9.0
.0 7.8 7. 7.8
.0 9.0 9.0 9.0
.0 9.0 9.0 9.0
.0 9.0 9.0 9.0
.0 .0 .0 9.0
.0 .0 .0 9.0
.0 .8 .8 7.8
.0 .0 .0 9.0
.0 .0 .0 9.0
.0 .8 .B 7.8
.0 .0 .0 9.0
7.8 11.
1.2 15.
r. 9.
7. 12.
7. 10.
7. 10.
t. 11.
t. 12.
r. 12.
r. 11.
.
i. 11.
.0 10.
.0 12.
.0 12.
.0 12.
.8 10.
.0 12.!
.8 11.!
.0 11.
.8 12.
.0 11.
.0 11.
.0 12.
811
II.
819
1C*
.0 12.
.0 10.
.a 10.
.0 11.
.0 11.
.8 10.
.0 II.
12.
15.
10.
11.
12.
12.
14.
14.
i 14.
! 12.
.
11.
12.
11.
14.
14.
12.
i 14.
1 12.
14.
14.
14.
14.
14.
.
14.
12.
11.
14.
14.
12.
14.
i 11.5 1
II 15.0 V.
1 12.S
1 14.2
1 11.6
S 14.2
I 15.0
I 15.0
I 15.0
i 11.5
Sll "5
1.J.3
! 11.5 1
14.2
14.6
15.0
15.0
14.2
15.0
11.5
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
IS.O
»C
.9
W9
f
15.0
14.2
13.4
15.0
15.0
11.5
15.0
1. 12.8 10.6
1. 15.0 14.1
11.6 10.0
11.5 10.7
12.6 10.6
13.1 10.7
.7 14.5 12.0
.7 14.1 11.9
.8 14.1 11.4
.7 12.9 10.7
613 A in 7
ic.o lu.r
.5 tt.S 11.5
.5 11.2 11.1
.7 14.2 12.0
.7 14.1 11.9
.6 14.2 11.8
.6 11.1 10.8
.6 14.0 11.7
.6 12.8 10.6
.6 14.5 11.9
.0 14. 11.6
.7 14. 12.0
14. 12.0
14. 11.8
«in 7
1U« r
»f i i
1 1 l
14. 11.7
11. 11.4
12. 10.4
.7 14. 12.0
.7 14.4 12.1
.5 12.4 10.1
.7 14.5 12.0
-------
TABLE 3-3.
1992 AND BEYOND RVP LIMITS BY MONTH AND BY
GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION (CONTINUED)
Id Vipor Pressure (pal)
JAN
FEB
APR
HAT
SEP
OCT
MOV
DEC
mmmmmmmmmmn
Weighted Average
Sumer Ulnter Annual
(Apr-Sep) (Oct-Har)
NORTH CAROLINA 14.2 13. 13.
NORTH DAKOTA IS.O IS. 14.
OHIO IS.O IS. 14.
OKLAHOMA 14.2 13. 12.
OREGON IS.O 14. IS.
PENNSTLVANIA IS.O IS.O 14.
RHODE ISLAND IS.O 1S.O 14.
SOUTH CAROLINA 13.S 13.S 13.
SOUTH DAKOTA IS.O IS.O 14.
TENNESSEE 14.2 13.S 13.
TEXAS 13.S 13.0 11.
UTAH 1S.O 14.2 13.
VERMONT IS.O IS.O 14.
VIRGINIA 1S.O 14.2 13.
WASHINGTON IS.O IS.O 14.
WEST VIRGINIA IS.O IS.O 14.
WISCONSIN 1S.O IS.O 14.
WTOHING IS.O 15.0 14.
12.
13.
13.
11.
13.
13.
13.
12.
12.
12.
10.
12.
13.
12.
13.
13.
13.
12.
9.0 7.8
9.0 9.0
9.0 9.0
9.0 7.8
9.0 7.8
9.0 9.0
9.0 9.0
9.0 7.8
9.0 9.0
9.0 7.
9.0 7.
9.0 7.
9.0 9.
9.0 7.
9.0 9.
9.0 9.0
9.0 9.0
9.0 9.0 <
.8
.0
.0
.8
.8
.0
.0
.8
.0
.8
.8
.8
.0
.8
.0
.0
.0
>.o
.8
.0
.0
.8
.8
.0
.0
.a
.0
.8
.8
.8
.0
.8
.0
.0
.0
.0
.8 12.!
.0 12.
.0 12.
10.
12.
13.
13.
12.
10.
12.
10.
10.
.0 IS.
.8 12.
.0 12.
.0 12.
.0 12.
.0 10.
i 13.'
14..
14.
12.
IS.
14.
14.
13.
12.
13.
12.
12.
14.
14.
14.
14.
14.
12.
i 14.2
I IS.O
IS.O
14.2
14.6
IS.O
IS.O
13.S
14.2
14.2
13.S
14.2
IS.O
IS.O
IS.O
IS.O
IS.O
14.2
.8 13. (
.7 14. i
.7 14.
.6 12.
.0 13.
.7 14.
.7 14.
.0 13.
.5 13.
.8 13.
.5 12.
.7 IS.
.6 14.
.8 14.
.7 14.
.7 14.
.7 14.
.5 13.
k 11.1
! 11.7
11.9
10.7
11.
12.
12.
11.
11.
11.
10.
10.
12.
11.
11.
11.
11.
11.
IBBBBCBOBB
Source : Fax conanfcatlon Iron Bob Johnson. EPA/ONS. April 10. 1991.
and June It. 1990 end Key 29. 1991 FEDERAL REGISTERS
Nationwide Annual Average: 9.4
Nonattalraent Annual Average: 9.2
11.4
11.3
-------
TABLE 3-4
MONTHLY AVERAGE DISPENSED LIQUID TEMPERATURE
Dispensed Liquid leoperature (degree* f)
l
CO
National Average
Region 1
legion 2
Region I
Region 4
Region 5
legion 6
JAN
SI
41
69
54
50
54
-
fEB
54
45
74
57
51
-
48
Ml APR
54 58
48 51
71 80
61 67
41 47
-
49 SI
MT
69
66
84
76
61
72
59
JUN
76
74
87
82
74
77
63
JUL
82
78
90
81
88
81
AUG
81
78
91
84
85
81
73
SEP
76
72
78
79
81
79
71
OCI
70
66
85
76
75
74
60
NOV
62
59
81
67
61
67
49
Weighted Average
Sinner Winter Annual
DEC (Apr-Sep) (Ocl-Nar)
54
46
71
54
52
58
42
74
70
85
79
74
79
64
58
51
76
62
56
63
SO
66
61
81
70
65
72
57
Source : NcAnally. Michael and Olckeraan. J.C. Sunary and Analyala of Data Fran Gasoline Temperature Survey
Conducted Ry American Petroleua Institute. Radian Corporation. Hay 1976.
Regional boundaries defined In figure 1.3. ,
-------
Survey sanple stations
Figure 3-3. Region Boundaries
-------
Temperature Difference (degrees F)
i National Average
en
Region 1
Region 2
Region 3
Region 4
Region 5
Average
Annual
4.4
5.7
4.0
3.7
5.5
0.1
Stumer
(Apr-Oct)
8.8
10.7
6.8
7.6
11.7
3.9
Winter
(Oct-Nar)
-0.8
-0.3
0.9
-0.4
-2.4
-4.4
5 -Month
Ozone Season
(May-Sep)
9.4
11.5
7.5
7.1
12.1
5.1
2-Month
Ozone Season
(Jul-Aug)
9.9
12.5
8.2
7.0
13.3
3.2
Source : Rothnan, David, and Johnson. Robert. Technical Report - Refueling Emissions From Uncontrolled Vehicles.
EPA/CMS. EPA-AA-SOSB-85-6, June 1985.
-------
EMISSION ESTIMATES
4-16
-------
where:
Ep = 264.2[(-5.909) - 0.0949(AT) + 0.0884(T0)
+ 0.485 (RVP)]
Ep = Emission rate, milligrams of VOC per
liter of liquid loaded
RVP = Reid vapor pressure, psia
AT = Difference between the temperature of
the fuel in the automobile tank and the
temperature of the dispensed fuel, °F
TD = Dispensed fuel temperature, °F
-------
TABLE 3-6. MONTHLY AMD GEOGRAPHIC VARIATIONS IN REFUELING EMISSION FACTORS
OD
ALABAMA
ALASKA (a)
ARIZONA
ARKANSAS
CALIFORNIA (b)
COLORADO
CONNECTICUT
DELAWARE
DIST. OF COL.
FLORIDA
GEORGIA
HAWAII (a)
IDAHO (B,b)
ILLINOIS
INDIANA
IOWA
KANSAS
KENTUCKY
LOUISIANA
MAINE
MARYLAND
MASSACHUSETTS
MICHIGAN
MINNESOTA
MISSISSIPPI
MISSOURI
MONTANA
NEBRASKA
NEVADA (b)
NEW HAMPSHIRE
JAN
1760
1570
1440
1850
1550
1590
1370
1370
1370
1760
1760
1120
1540
1370
1370
1590
1590
1370
1760
1370
1370
1370
1370
1590
1760
1590
1590
1590
1630
1370
!!
FEB
1870
1640
1380
1870
1750
1510
1420
1420
1320
1870
1870
1190
1400
1420
1420
1610
1510
1320
1870
1420
1420
1420
1420
1610
1870
1510
1610
1610
1750
1420
MAR
1720
1640
1260
1720
1850
1060
1390
1390
1300
1720
1720
1190
1330
1390
1390
1280
1060
1300
1720
1390
1390
1390
1390
1280
1720
1190
1280
1280
1800
1390
APR
1610
1490
1090
1610
1670
720
1140
1140
1010
1610
1610
1050
1060
1070
1140
840
720
1010
1610
1140
1140
1140
1140
970
1610
840
840
840
1620
1140
MAY
1380
1650
1020
1380
1060
770
970
970
980
1380
1380
1300
750
920
970
770
770
870
1380
970
970
970
970
870
1380
770
770
770
1100
970
JUN
1450
1720
1060
1450
1140
870
1050
1050
1050
1450
1450
1470
840
1050
1050
1030
1030
1050
1450
1050
1050
1050
1050
1030
1450
1030
1030
1030
1140
1050
JUL
1460
1860
1080
1370
1280
1150
1150
1150
1150
1520
1460
1610
1060
1120
1150
1350
1200
1150
1460
1150
1150
1150
1150
1350
1460
1200
1350
1350
1280
1150
AUG
1390
1840
1110
1190
1280
1080
1150
1150
1150
1550
1390
1580
1080
1120
1150
1280
1130
1150
1390
1150
1150
1150
1150
1280
1390
1130
1280
1280
1280
1150
!*!
SEP
1240
1810
990
1240
1190
1080
1110
1010
1010
1240
1240
1470
1030
1010
1010
1240
1240
1010
1240
1110
1010
1110
1110
1240
1240
1240
1240
1240
1190
1110
OCT
1880
2020
1440
2000
1620
1630
1720
1590
1590
1880
1880
1570
1240
1590
1590
1850
1630
1590
1880
1720
1590
1720
1720
1850
1880
1850
1850
1630
1580
1720
NOV
1960
1830
1400
2080
1660
1570
1640
1640
1640
1960
1960
1380
1210
1610
1640
1790
1570
1640
1960
1640
1640
1640
1640
1790
1960
1700
1790
1570
1600
1640
Weighted Average
DEC Suimer Winter Annual
(Apr-Sep) (Oct-Mar)
1850
1640
1310
1940
1650
1530
1440
1440
1440
1850
1850
1190
1260
1390
1440
1640
1530
1440
1850
1440
1440
1440
1440
1640
1850
1530
1640
1530
1620
1440
1420
1730
1060
1400
1270
950
1090
1070
1060
1460
1420
1420
970
1050
1080
1090
1010
1040
1420
1100
1080
1090
1090
1130
1420
1030
1100
1090
1270
1100
1840
1740
1370
1910
1680
1480
1500
1480
1440
1840
1840
1280
1320
1470
1480
1640
1480
1450
1840
1500
1480
1500
1500
1630
1840
1560
1630
1530
1660
1500
1630
1740
1220
1630
1470
1200
1290
1260
1250
1650
1630
1350
1150
1260
1270
1350
1230
1230
1620
1290
1280
1290
1290
1360
1630
1290
1340
1300
1460
1290
-------
TABLE 3-6. MONTHLY AND GEOGRAPHIC VARIATIONS IN REFUELING EMISSION FACTORS (CONTINUED)
NEW JERSEY
NEU MEXICO
NEW YORK
NORTH CAROLINA
NORTH DAKOTA
OHIO
OKLAHOMA
OREGON (a.b)
PENNSYLVANIA
RHODE ISLAND
SOUTH CAROLINA
SOUTH DAKOTA
TENNESSEE
TEXAS
UTAH
VERMONT
VIRGINIA
WASHINGTON
WEST VIRGINIA
WISCONSIN
WYOMING
1370
1490
1370
1850
1590
1370
1530
1540
1370
1370
1760
1590
1850
1440
1730
1370
1370
1540
1370
1370
1590
1420
1340
1420
1870
1610
1420
1510
1400
1420
1420
1870
1610
1870
1450
1850
1420
1320
1500
1420
1420
1610
1390
1360
1390
1850
1280
1390
1480
1330
1390
1390
1850
1280
1850
1360
1960
1390
1300
1420
1390
1390
1280
1140
1150
1140
1740
970
1140
1290
1190
1140
1140
1740
840
1740
1200
1780
1140
1010
1190
1140
1140
840
970
1020
970
1380
870
970
1180
750
970
970
1380
770
1380
1100
1180
970
870
750
970
970
770
1050
1060
1050
1450
1030
1050
1160
840
1050
1050
1450
1030
1450
1110
1140
1050
1050
840
1050
1050
1030
1150
1080
1150
1460
1350
1150
1190
1060
1150
1150
1460
1350
1460
1130
1230
1150
1150
1060
1150
1150
1350
1150
1110
1150
1390
1280
1150
1210
1080
1150
1150
1390
1280
1390
1160
1230
1150
1150
1080
1150
1150
1280
1110
1090
1110
1240
1240
1010
1090
1030
1110
1110
1240
1240
1240
1090
1190
1110
1010
1030
1010
1010
1240
1720
1610
1720
2000
1850
1590
1610
1460
1720
1720
2000
1630
2000
1610
1660
1720
1590
1460
1590
1590
1630
1640
1620
1640
2080
1790
1640
1620
1380
1640
1640
2080
1570
2080
1620
1720
1640
1640
1420
1640
1640
1570
I
1440
1440
1440
1940
1640
1440
1530
1310
1440
1440
1850
1530
1940
1440
1720
1440
1440
1360
1440
1440
1530
1100
1090
1090
1450
1130
1080
1190
1000
1090
1100
1460
1100
1450
1130
1280
1100
1040
990
1080
1080
1090
1500
1480
1500
1930
1640
1470
1550
1390
1500
1500
1910
1530
1930
1490
1770
1500
1450
1450
1470
1480
1530
1300
1270
1290
1680
1350
1260
1360
1180
1290
1290
1670
1290
1680
1300
1510
1290
1240
1210
1260
1270
1300
(a) Where data not available, national average values from Tablet 3-4 and 3-5 used.
(b) Where data not available, regional average values froa Tables 3-4 and 3-5 used.
-------
TABLE 3.8. VOC EMISSIONS FROM REFUELING FOR
SERVICE STATION MODEL PLANTS"
Service station
Model Plants"
Model Plant 1
Model Plant 2
Model Plant 3
Model Plant 4
Model Plant 5
Average
Throughput
Liters/Month
23,000
76,000
132,000
234,000
700,000
Average
Emission
Factor
mg/ liter6
1,340
1,340
1,340
1,340
1,340
Model
Plant
Emissions
Mg/yr
0.4
1.2
2.1
3.9
11.2
a Not including emissions associated with spillage and tank
emptying/breathing.
b Model plants described in Chapter 2.
c Average emission factor based on the following:
RVP
Dispensed fuel temp.
Dispensed fuel/fuel
tank temp. diff.
11.4
66.0
4.4
Model
Plant
1
2
3
4
5
Throughput
gal/month
6,000
20,000
35,000
65,000
185,000
No. of
Nozzles
2/6
3/6
6/12
9/18
15/30
4-20
-------
OTHER EMISSION SOURCES
Spillage
Emptying/Breathing Losses
4-21
-------
OTHER SOURCES OF EMISSIONS
Small Compared to Refueling
Emissions
Controversial/Issues
4-22
-------
COMPARISON OF EMISSK >
t\j
to
I
I
REFUELING
SPILLAGE
BKEAIHiNG/CMPTYIIIG
-------
SPILLAGE STUDIES
CARB
API
BAAQMD
- 4-24
-------
ro
en
TABLE 3-7
SUMMARY OF STAGE II/CONVENTIONAL REFUELING SPILLAGE DATA
Bay Area C1983)
Reported Conven.
Data
Balance System
Post '78 Balance
Vacuum Assist
Post '78 Vac. Ass.
Red Jacket
Post '78 Red Jacket
CARB Study (July 1991)
API Study (June 1989)
Observations
Conven. Stage II
6,750
1,254
310
737
118
83
9
1,496 1.515
1,357 1.Z78
Frequency
Conven. Stage II
0.32
0.39
0.40
0.31
0.28
0.13
0.00
0.30 0.22
0.63 0.66
gra/ liter
Conven. Stage II
3.51
1.15
0.43
0.66
0.32
0.67
0.00
2.21 1.59
1.20 1.74
gn/gallon ing/liter
Conven. Stage II Conven Stage II
0.30 80.0
0.12
0.05
0.07
0.03
0.08
0.00
0.22 * 0.16 58.3
0.14 0.22 36.9
31.6
13.9
17.6
8.5
19.6
0.0
41.9
58.9
Assumed gasoline density of .67 got/ml.
Assumed 10 gallons per refill event.
-------
lAir
Vapors
\l I o [a n n o I [/
7Y\ Liquid^
Hose
Underground Storage Tank
Storage Tank Vent Pipe
Submerged Fffl Pipe
Liquid
Loading of Service Station Underground Storage Tank
(A) With No Controls.
Meter-
Underground Storage Tank
Liquid
is*
Pump
irAir
Storage Tank Vent Pipe
Service Station Vehicle Refueling With No Controls
Figure 3-1. Uncontrolled Service Station Operations
4-26
-------
EMPTYING/BREATHING LOSSES
FACTORS AFFECTING EMISSIONS
Dispensing Rate
Vent Pipe Height
Studies
CARB
NIPER
4-27
-------
RESULTS OF EMPTYING/BREATHING
LOSS STUDIES
AP-42
CARS
NIPER
120 mg/Liter
- Small Station 110 mg/Liter
- Large Station 25 mg/Liter
72 mg/Liter
4-28
-------
SOURCES OF EMISSION
Refueling Emission Sources
Factors Influencing Emissions
Emission Estimates
Other Emission Sources
4-29
-------
CONTROL TECHNOLOGY
-------
CONTROL TECHNOLOGY
5-1
-------
CONTROL TECHNOLOGY
Balance Systems
Aboveground Equipment
Assist Systems
Underground Equipment
System Effectiveness
Impacts of Exemption Levels
5-2
-------
STAGE II CONTROL TECHNOLOGY
Simple Concept
Complex Equipment
Susceptible to Malfunction Due to
"Untrained" Users
5-3
-------
en
Figure 4-1. Vapor Balance System
-------
ABOVEGROUND SYSTEM
COMPONENTS
Nozzles
Bellows
Faceplate
Primary and Secondary Shutoff
Insertion Interlock "No Seal/No
Flow"
Latch Assembly
Vapor Check Valve
Hoses
Liquid Removal
Breakaways
5-5
-------
Secondary Shutotf
Vapor Cheuk
Valve
cn
^^
Photos Courtesy of Dover Corporation/OPW Division Cincinnati, OH
and Emco wheaton, Inc. Research Triangle Park, NC
Figure 4-6. Example Balance Nozzles
-------
BELLOWS SPRING
BELLOWS (BOOT]
\
LATCHING DEVICE * *- SPOUT
Photo Courtesy of Emco Wheaton, Inc. Research Triangle Park, NC
Figure 4-7. Example Assist Nozzle
-------
BreaKawav
Coaxial Hose
Venturi Located
Here Uses
Separate Liquid
Pick Up Below
Overhead Hose
Retractor
Breakaway
!Nozzle
Coaxial Hose
Hose Assemblies
Sloped To Permit
Natural Drainage
Into Vapor Return
Piping When
Retractor Is In
Retracted Posistior
Nozzle
Liquid Pick-Up Or
Venturi Placed
Here
Designed So That During
Fueling Hose Is Sloped
To Vehicle To Allow Any
Fuel In Vapor Line To
Drain Into Vehicle Fuel
Tank
Figure 4-9. High Hang Hose Configurations
5-8
-------
PVVENT
en
10
Figure 4-5. Amoco Bellowless Nozzle System
-------
PVVent
en
»-
o
Figure 4-2. Hasstech Assist System
-------
PVVenl / \
KXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX^
i ty«XX>
Processor
with
Turbine
Figure 4-3. Hirt Assist System
-------
PVVant
AAAA/*0* .AAAAAA
Figure 4-4. Healy Assist System
-------
MOT I.
AT IACM BIIPINSE* ...
UP PIPI Aiovi puyp i *",.
_III SICTION TH«U PUMP UtAMO
Figure 4-12. Individual Vapor Balance System
Underground Piping
5-13
-------
Figure 4-13. Manifolded Balance System Underground
Piping
5-14
-------
POTENTIAL PROBLEMS -
UNDERGROUND PIPING
Data Indicated as Much as 50
Percent of Underground Piping Not
Installed Properly
Improper Line Size
Low Points
Improper Installation
Underground Piping Tests
- Pressure Decay/Leak Test
- Dynamic Pressure Drop Test
- Liquid Blockage Test
- Vapor Space Tie Test
5-15
-------
Exhibit 1
Executive Order G-70-116-A
' ' ' / S / / f/ /
Notes:
See Executive Order G-70-97-A (Exhibits 1,2 4 3) for listing of
ARB certified Phase I two-point and coaxial vapor recovery
equipment and pressure/vacuum valves for storage tanks.
See Executive Order G-70 series for ARB certified Phase II vapor
recovery equipment.
5-16
-------
IN-USE EFFECTIVENESS
95% Efficient at Time of Certification
Efficiency Changes With Time
Studies Conducted on Problem or
Defect Frequency
- Washington, B.C.
- California
Efficiency Related to Inspection
Frequency
5-17
-------
100
80 -
60 -
40
en
i
co
20 -
Minimal
Annual
Frequency of Inspections
Semi-Annual
Certification
Figure 4-14
Relationship of Inspection Frequency to Program
In-Use Efficiency
-------
TABLE E-2. EFFICIENCY DECREASES ASSOCIATED WITH
STAGE II BALANCE SYSTEM DEFECTS
Defect
Defective Faceplate
Improper Faceplate
Missing Faceplate
Defective Nozzle Boot
Improper Nozzle Boot
Leaking Nozzle Boot
Missing Nozzle Boot
Uncertified Nozzle Boot
Defective Nozzle Body
Leaking Nozzle Body
Missing Nozzle Body
Uncertified Nozzle Body
Defective Check Valve
Improper Check Valve
Missing Check Valve
Kinked Hoses
Leaking Hoses
Wrong Hose Length
Torn/Punctured Hoses
Defective Retractor
Improper Retractor
Deficiency Decrease
Assigned
(Percent)
10
0
22
30
5
30
100
0
22
22
100
0
30
30
30
30
10
5
10
5
5
5-19
-------
TABLE E-l. BALANCE SYSTEM DEFECT FREQUENCY FROM
ACTUAL STAGE II INSPECTION SURVEY8
Defect
Defective Faceplate
Improper Faceplate
Missing Faceplate
Defective Nozzle Boot
Improper Nozzle Boot
Leaking Nozzle Boot
Hissing Nozzle Boot
Uncertified Nozzle Boot
Defective Nozzle Body
Leaking Nozzle Body
Hissing Nozzle Body
Uncertified Nozzle Body
Defective Check Valve
Improper Check Valve
Hissing Check Valve
Kinked Hoses
Leaking Hoses
Wrong Hose Length
Torn/Punctured Hoses
Defective Retractor
Improper Retractor
Old
125
75
30
168
514
1
4
1
3
20
2
3
476
61
5
37
4
111
24
44
486
Hunter of Defects
Mew
17
1
1
9
17
0
0
0
2
2
0
0
1
0
0
4
1
10
2
12
13
Total
142
76
31
177
531
1
4
1
5
22
2
3
477
61
5
41
5
121
26
56
499
Percent
Old
1.1
0.7
0.3
1.5
4.7
0.01
0.04
0.01
0.03
0.2
0.02
0.03
4.4
0.6
0.05
0.3
0.04
1.0
0.2
0.4
4.5
of AH
New.
1.7
0.1
0.1
0.9
1.7
0
0
0
0.2
0.2
0
0
0.1
0
0
0.4
0.1
1.0
0.2
1.2
1.3
Nozzles
Total
1.2
0.6
0.3
1.5
4.5
0.01
0.03
0.01
0.04
0.2
0.02
0.03
4.0
0.5
0.04
0.3
0.04
1.0
0.2
0.5
4.2
* Total nozzles inspected 10.907 old nozzles, 1,023 new nozzles, 11.930 total nozzles.
5-20
-------
where:
E, = ET [lOO-^MED^ndOO-CFjMEDj,)] [(100-
Px) (EDX) ]
E, = in-use efficiency, %
ET = Theoretical or certification efficiency, %
(typically 95 percent)
Fx = Frequency of occurrence of defect x, %
ED - Efficiency decrease assigned to defect x, %
Average
In-use
Efficiency
(Old
equipment)
(0.95) [(1.00-(0.Oil)(0.10))
(1.00-(0.003)(0.22))
(1.00-(0.015)(0.30))
(1.00-(0.047)(0.05))
(l.OO-(O.OOOl)(.30))
(1.00-(0.0004)(1.00))
(1.00-(0.0003)(0.22))
(1.00-(0.0002)(0.22))
(1.00-(0.0002)(1.00))
(1.00-(0.044)(0.30))
(1.00-(0.006)(0.30))
(l.OO-(O.OOOS)(0.30))
(1.00-(0.003)(0.30))
(1.00-(0.0004)(0.10))
(l.OO-(O.Ol)(0.05))
(1.00-(0.002)(0.10))
(1.00-(0.004)(0.05))
(1.00-(0.045)(0.05))
0.922
92.2 percent
5-21
-------
100
80
60
(X)
rv>
40 -
20
0
None
Minimal
Program In-Use Efficiency
<2,000
:.:.:~"""""" < 10.000
"^-^^^^ Frequency of
^"^-^Inspections
Exemption Level ^^~~\^^
No Exempt.
2.0QO
10,000
10,000 & 50,000
Minimal
62
61
60
56
Annual
86
84
84
77
Semi-
Annual
92
90
89
83
Certifi-
cation
95
93
92
86
1
Annual
Frequency of Inspections
Semi-Annual
Certification
Figure 4-15.
Relationship of Inspection Frequency to Program
In-Use Efficiency with Exemptions
-------
REVIEW
Balance Systems
- Simple Concept
- Complex Equipment
"Untrained" User
Effectiveness of Program
- Maintenance of Aboveground
Equipment
- Underground Piping Installation
- Exemption Level
5-23
-------
STAGE II COSTS
-------
STAGE II COSTS
6-1
-------
STAGE II COSTS
"Ground Up" Model
- Component by Component
Analysis
- Developed in 1987
Comparison of Cost Studies
EPA Model
API
MVMA/MBS
EPA/PES
1991 Stage H Costs
6-2
-------
"GROUND-UP" MODEL
Difficulty in Using Reported Costs
What is Included
Comparison of Costs
Basis of Estimate (Annual Costs)
Component-By-Component Costs
Installation
Capital and Annual Costs
Appendix B
6-3
-------
CTl
Figure 4-1. Vapor Balance System
-------
i
en
a. Individual Balance and Hybrid Systems
I- MM
1^-l.r.K. llliX
::
L
L-I.r.li. HUM
a ,HI
I q^ Is:;
iT ;s
H-^cr -l^j
1+ -i :r H
c. Asslst-1 System
r «..
-nf- i ---
K
1
i«
I«M
/«> »*
II rm I
JF-V--T--1-
s:
If-l MiNlr«U D.-.
j£_O
« ' '" -s
|« - l.r.lt. I.I.M
| H^U, ;;
R_L j: « i::
I l.l-l.r I
I , » ;
LCTJ« 1 :
I **"- I
d. Asslst-2 System
flMl 111. ft
Ml
1«f«r (»'* II-
tn*»l UMI
II i..i i
II 1 - - T"
Swvlct lilif*
'»! -
1., .It. HUM
:
11 II.
' ....I" "I"1"
1 I.
l
h»U.M
-------
COST ISSUES
Retrofit Costs
New Facility Costs
Coordination With UST Activities
6-6
-------
TABLE 5-6. ACTIONS TAKEN IN RESPONSE TO FINDING A
LEAK IN AN UNDERGROUND TANK SYSTEM8
Percent of Costs Saved8
Action
Percent
of all
Systems
Description of Savings
in Stage II Piping Installation
Underground Total
Capital Capital Annual
Costs Costs Costs
1. Dig up all piping 4.5X
2. Dig up end of tanks only 11.BX
3. Dig up end of tanks and under 1.3X
dispensers
4. Dig up all piping and tanks 12.SX
5. Dig up only one tank 1.9X
6. Repair one leaking tank 3.IX
Total 3S.OX
All trenching costs
Trenching costs over end of all tanks
Trenching costs over all tanks and under
all dispensers
All trenching costs
Trenching costs over one tank
Trenching costs over one tank
65X
10X
30X
65X
8X
8X
40X
7X
20X
40X
SX
SX
2SX
SX
1SX
25X
3X
3X
0 Cost percentages for a typical 65,000 gallon/month station.
-------
COMPARISON OF COST STUDIES
Comments Received on EPA Model
Stage II Installed in St. Louis
Compare With "Actual" Installed
Costs
- EPA Model
- API
- MVMA
- EPA/PES
6-8
-------
50,000
40,000
O
^Ml
I
30,000
20,000
en
10,000
Draft HI A
B
API-Jobber
A
Model Plant Size
API Major MBS
o --*-
PES
Figure 5-2. Comparison of Installed Capital Costs
Lines Based on Linear Regression
-------
6,000
5,000
o
6
8
J
0
en
i
O
4,000
3,000
2,000
1,000
n
o
Draft RIA
B
API-Jobber
A
Model Plant Size
API-Major MBS
G --*-
PES
Figure 5-4. Comparison of Normalized Annual Costs
Lines Based on Linear Regression
-------
1991 STAGE II COSTS
6-11
-------
TABLE 5-1. PURCHASE COSTS FOR VAPOR RECOVERY NOZZLES
AND REPLACEMENT PARTS3-4-5
(May 1991 Dollars)
Item Cost
Nozzle Costs
New Nozzle $240
Core Return Credit $50
Rebuilt Nozzle $190
Component Costs
Nozzle Boot $25
Boot Kit $40
Face Seal Kit $15
Clamp Kit $5
Boot Assembly Kit $30-50
6-12 '
-------
TABLE 5-2. TYPICAL VAPOR RECOVERY HOSE COSTS13'1*'15
(May 1991 Dollars)
Item8 Costs
Coaxial Hose $140-$230
Liquid Removal System $200
Coaxial Hose with Removal System $240
8 Costs presented for a typical 10 foot hose system.
TABLE 5-3. TYPICAL COSTS OF OTHER VAPOR
RECOVERY COMPONENTS10'12'13
(May 1991 Dollars)
Item Costs
High hang hose assembly $100
Hose break away fittings $140
Vapor check valves $80
Swivels
Nozzle $60
Island $60
Dispenser $60
Retractor $60
Flow limiters
Hose splitters $60
6-13
-------
TABLE 5-5. TYPICAL VAPOR PIPING COSTS FOR 65,000 GALLON
PER MONTH SERVICE STATION23
Vapor Piping Costs
Individual Balance System $7,700
Manifolded Balance System $8,000
Healy Assist System $7,700
Vacuum Assist System8 $7,000
a Average of both the Hirt and Hasstech certified vacuum
assist systems.
6-14
-------
TABLE 5-10. 1991 STAGE II BALANCE SYSTEM CAPITAL COST
COMPONENT
COST OF COMPONENT
MODEL PLANT 1
Number of Nozzles
Dispenser Direct Cost
Piping Direct Cost
Total Capital Cost
MODEL PLANT 2
Number of Nozzles
Dispenser Direct Cost
Piping Direct Cost
Total Capital Cost
MODEL PLANT 3
Number of Nozzles
Dispenser Direct Cost
Piping Direct Cost
Total Capital Cost
MODEL PLANT 4
Number of Nozzles
Dispenser Direct Cost
Piping Direct Cost
Total Capital Cost
MODEL PLANT 5
Number of Nozzles
Dispenser Direct Cost
Piping Direct Cost
Total Capital Cost
SINGLE
DISPENSER
2
1,580
3,910
5,490
3
2,370
4,950
7,320
6
4,740
7,860
12,600
9
7,120
9,690
16,810
15
11,860
12,650
24,510
MULTIPRODUCT
DISPENSER
4
3,210
3,910
7,120
6
4,810
4,950
9,760
12
9,620
7,860
17,480
18
14,430
9,690
24,120
30
24,060
12,650
36,710
6-15
-------
TABLE 5-11. 1991 STAGE II BALANCE SYSTEM ANNUAL COST
COMPONENT
MODEL PLANT 1
Capital Recovery Cost
Maintenance Cost
Other Indirect Costs
Recovery Credit
Total Annual ized
Cost
MODEL PLANT 2
Capital Recovery Cost
Maintenance Cost
Other Indirect Costs
Recovery Credit
Total Annual ized
Cost
MODEL PLANT 3
Capital Recovery Cost
Maintenance Cost
Other Indirect Costs
Recovery Credit
Total Annual ized
Cost
MODEL PLANT 4
Capital Recovery Cost
Maintenance Cost
Other Indirect Costs
Recovery Credit
Total Annualized
Cost
MODEL PLANT 5
Capital Recovery Cost
Maintenance Cost
Other Indirect Costs
Recovery Credit
Total Annualized
Cost
COST OF
SINGLE
DISPENSER
701
475
219
129
1,266
939
617
293
518
1,331
1,668
1,230
504
906
2,496
2,297
1,852
672
1,683
3,138
3,455
3,090
980
4,790
2,735
COMPONENT
MULTI PRODUCT
DISPENSER
893
475
285
129
1,524
1,555
617
485
518
2,139
2,313
1,230
699
906
3,336
3,298
1,852
965
1,683
4,432
5,175
3,090
1,468
4,790
4,943
6-16
-------
RECOVERY CREDITS
Value of Recovered Product
Emission Reduction Converted to
Equivalent Liquid Saved
Dollar Value Assigned to Liquid
Saved
6-17
-------
TABLE 5-12. COST EFFECTIVENESS OF 1991 STAGE II
BALANCE SYSTEMS8
Single Multiproduct
Dispenser Dispenser
MODEL PLANT 1
Annualized Costs, $
Emission Reduction, Mg
Cost Effectiveness, $/Mg
MODEL PLANT 2
Annualized Costs, $
Emission Reduction, Mg
Cost Effectiveness, $/Mg
MODEL PLANT 3
Annualized Costs, $
Emission Reduction, Mg
Cost Effectiveness, $/Mg
MODEL PLANT 4
Annualized Costs, $
Emission Reduction, Mg
Cost Effectiveness, $/Mg
MODEL PLANT 5
Annualized Costs, $
Emission Reduction, Mg
Cost Effectiveness, $/Mg
1,266
0.34
3,680
1,331
1.0
1,290
2,496
1.8
1,380
3,138
3.4
910
2,735
9.7
280
1,524
0.34
4,430
2,139
1.0
2,070
3,336
1.8
1,850
4,432
3.4
1,290
4,943
9.7
510
8 Emission reduction from Table 3-8, and assuming annual
enforcement (86 percent in-use efficiency).
6-18
-------
TABLE 5-13. PROGRAM COST EFFECTIVENESS COMPARED
TO EXEMPTION LEVEL
Program Cost Effectiveness
($/Mg)
Program Single Multiproduct
Exemption Level Dispenser Dispenser Average8
No Exemptions 1,130 1,570 1,350
Ex < 2,000 gal/month 1,030 1,460 1,240
Ex < 10,000 gal/month 890 1,310 1,100
Ex < 10,000 gal/month 820 1,210 1,020
Independents
< 50,000 gal/month
8 Average assumes equal distribution of single and
multiproduct dispensers.
6-19
-------
SUMMARY
EPA Model Considered Good
Estimate of Stage II Costs
1991 Cost Presented
Stage II is Cost Effective
6-20
-------
PLANNING AND PUBLIC AWARENESS
-------
PLANNING
Consultation with Other Agencies
Characterization of the Affected
Industry
Estimation of Environmental and
Economic Impacts
7-1
-------
OTHER AFFECTED AGENCIES
OSHA
Fire Marshal
Measurement Standards
UST
7-2
-------
CHARACTERIZATION OF THE
AFFECTED INDUSTRY
Service Station
Facility Population
Gasoline Throughput
Size Distribution of Facilities
7-3
-------
DEFINITION OF SERVICE STATION
"Any site where
gasoline is dispensed to
motor vehicle fuel
tanks from stationary
storage vessels"
' 7-4
-------
TYPES OF SERVICE STATIONS
Public Facilities
Traditional service stations
Pumpers
Convenience Stores
Private Facilities
Government
Fleets (taxis, rental cars, etc.)
Trucking and local service
School buses
Agriculture
7-5
-------
TABLE 2-4. ESTIMATED 1990 RETAIL SERVICE STATION POPULATION
State
Number of
Stations
State
Number of
Stations
Alabama 6,500
Alaska 300
Arizona 4,010
Arkansas 3,764
California 13,800
Colorado 3,400
Connecticut 1,900
Delaware 450
Dist. of Columbia 134
Florida 10,152
Georgia 7,000
Hawaii 392
Idaho 1,123
Illinois 10,100
Indiana 4,500
Iowa 4,169
Kansas 3,062
Kentucky 2,446
Louisiana 6,600
Maine 700
Maryland 2,450
Massachusetts 2,500
Michigan 8,500
Minnesota 3,598
Mississippi 6,000
Missouri 7,200
Montana 1,400
Nebraska 3,000
Nevada 450
New Hampshire 1,050
New Jersey 3,860
New Mexico 2,066
New York 6,800
North Carolina 10,643
North Dakota 1,245
Ohio 6,205
Oklahoma 4,700
Oregon 2,165
Pennsylvania 6,000
Rhode Island 602
South Carolina 5,200
South Dakota 1,245
Tennessee 6,000
Texas 11,000
Utah 2,137
Vermont 856
Virginia 6,000
Washington 3,500
West Virginia 2,800
Wisconsin 5,074
Wyoming 1,372
NATIONWIDE TOTAL 210,120
Source: National Petroleum News, "Counting Procedure
How Retail Outlet Population is Greater Than
Expected," April 1991.
Shows
7-6
-------
1990 GASOLINE THROUGHPUT BY STATE
STATE
ALABAMA
ALASKA
ARIZONA
ARKANSAS
CALIFORNIA
COLORADO
CONNECTICUT
DELAWARE
DISTRICT OF COL.
FLORIDA
GEORGIA
HAWAII
IDAHO
ILLINOIS
INDIANA
IOWA
KANSAS
KENTUCKY
LOUISIANA
MAINE
MARYLAND
MASSACHUSETTS
MICHIGAN
MINNESOTA
MISSISSIPPI
MISSOURI
1990
THROUGHPUT
2,120,444
274,133
1,678,470
1,264,427
13,304,359
1,547,261
1,445,681
347,026
175,799
6,212,149
3,571,616
388,769
491,663
5,224,728
2,696,329
1,376,510
1,251,101
1,850,610
2,024,455
611,394
2,157,151
2,433,953
4,371,053
2,077,581
1,265,062
2,752,483
PERCENT OF
NATIONWIDE
1.8%
0.2%
1.4%
1.1%
11.4%
1.3%
1.2%
0.3%
0.2%
5.3%
3.1%
0.3%
0.4%
4.5%
2.3%
1.2%
1.1%
1.6X
1.7%
0.5%
1.9X
2.1%
3.8X
1.8%
1.1%
2.4%
STATE
MONTANA
NEBRASKA
NEVADA
NEW HAMPSHIRE
NEW JERSEY
NEW MEXICO
NEW YORK
NORTH CAROLINA
NORTH DAKOTA
OHIO
OKLAHOMA
OREGON
PENNSYLVANIA
RHODE ISLAND
SOUTH CAROLINA
SOUTH DAKOTA
TENNESSEE
TEXAS
UTAH
VERMONT
VIRGINIA
WASHINGTON
WEST VIRGINIA
WISCONSIN
WYOMING
NATIONWIDE
1990
THROUGHPUT
444,349
795,515
651,818
510,137
3,547,006
811,429
6,119,254
3,337,499
352,200
5,765,788
1,712,492
1,366,546
4,733,852
381,057
1,618,044
393,896
2,613,637
8,859,492
734,344
290,641
3,027,842
2,311,131
835,298
2,123,146
262,113
PERCENT OF
NATIONWIDE
0.4%
0.7%
0.6%
0.4%
3.0%
0.7%
5.3%
2.9%
0.3%
4.9%
1.5%
1.2%
4.1%
0.3%
1.4%
0.3%
2.2%
7.6%
0.6%
0.2%
2.6%
2.0%
0.7%
1.8%
0.2%
116,513,000
7-7
-------
TABLE A-l. RETAIL SERVICE STATION DISTRIBUTION
BASED ON LUNDBERG DATA FROM 16 METROPOLITAN AREAS
GASOLINE THROUGHPUT RANGE PERCENTAGE OF SERVICE
(gallons/month) STATIONS
0 - 5,999 3.8
6,000 - 9,999 4.8
10,000 - 24,999 15.0
25,000 - 49,999 23.5
50,000 - 99,999 32.3
100,000 - 199,999 18.2
> 200,000 2.4
Source: Lundberg Survey, Incorporated.
7-8
-------
TABLE A-2
SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS OF COUNTIES SORTED BY POPULATION
>.corooratea Census C
-asoiine T-.rcugnnuz rcr ..£. Environmental ?-otection >-qency
COUNTY
MONROE. XL
WALLER. TX
CLINTON. IL
BRISTOL. RI
LIBERTY. TX
YAifHXLL. OR
LAJ'EER. MI
FRANKLIN, HO
OSCEOLA. FL
WASHINGTON, RI
LIVINGSTON, MI
MACOMB, IL
SUSSEX. NJ
KENT, RI
JEFFERSON, MO
MONTGOMERY. TX
BRJkZORIA, TX
GALVESTON. TX
FORT BENO. TX
CLARK, WA
SOMERSET, NJ
MADISON, IL
ClACXAMAS, OR
HASHTENAH, MI
SENXNOLE, FL
WASHINGTON, OR
RXCaiMOND, NY
HOIttXS, NJ
OCKAN, NJ
PACISXAC. NJ
ONION. NJ
HUDSON, NJ
MOMMOUTH, NJ
MULTINONAH. OR
PROVIDENCE, RX
MIDDLESEX. NJ
ORANGE. PL
ESIIEX, NJ
BBUGRR, NJ
OAKLAND, MX
BRONX, NY
NBIf YORK, NY
QOKBm, NY
HAYNS, MX
KXMGS, NJ
SAM DIEGO, CA
HA1UUS, TX
POPULATION
22365
23150
33455
48288
S2241
65307
74340
80413
104104
108003
114958
117206
129633
159900
170254
180394
190891
216175
224751
237277
239188
246762
277791
280222
285213
309883
349549
419456
429076
44289S
490000
533598
548793
580029
585763
667761
670213
749355
818237
1076334
1203789
1420702
1881375
2049294
2300664
2465961
2791102
5IZE1
13. J
22.0
12.9
0.0
12.0
0.0
27.5
13.4
1.1
1.6
13.3
0.7
i.3
1.0
4.7
9.9
10.7
3.8
12.5
1.9
0.8
2.4
4.2
4.9
0.7
0.0
5.1
1.6
3.0
1.7
2.8
7.4
0.8
3.2
3.5
4.3
2.8
1.1
3.0
1.8
5.1
2.5
5.3
2.1
4.6
2.5
4.2
SIZE2
6.7
9.8
25.8
14.3
12.0
3.2
13.7
5.2
2.3
4.7
4.4
1.3
5.1
1.9
3. a
11.5
12.6
10.9
10.6
4.9
1.7
4.8
2.5
4.9
2.0
2.4
2.5
2.4
1.2
3.9
6.0
5.5
2.7
0.8
5.5
4.8
3.
9.
5.
2.
3.
1.
5.
3.
4.
1.
6.
SIZE3
33.3
24.4
19.4
4.8
34.7
38.7
15.7
13.4
17.2
14.1
11.1
5.7
15.4
12.5
7.5
23.1
34.0
33.9
17.3
14.6
11.7
18.2
10.1
10.6
20.5
6.1
14.4
9.8
15.1
16.7
15.5
12.9
7.0
7.9
14.8
12.1
13.9
19.1
16.5
5.7
16.7
5.0
18.8
5.8
18.0
6.8
21.0
SIZE4
40.0
19.5
32.3
42.9
26.7
29.0
17.6
46.6
29.9
31.3
17.8
14.3
26.9
28.8
27.4
27.1
27.9
25.0
29.8
29.1
19.2
41.8
21.0
9.8
18.5
14.6
33.1
28.9
25.3
29.6
21.6
23.9
23.4
26.5
33.5
31.5
23.6
23.2
24.5
13.3
27.0
17.5
27.7
11.3
24.5
14.3
25.2
SIZES
6.7
17.1
6.5
28.6
12.0
29.0
15.7
17.5
39.1
31.3
22.2
40.3
39.7
37.5
42.5
13.5
13.0
18.5
20.2
34.0
48.3
28.5
37.0
44.7
35.1
40.2
29.7
37.0
28.3
36.5
31.4
30.1
39.1
40.3
27.7
26.1
37.1
36.8
35.6
39.8
27.9
28.8
27.7
46.6
30.0
33.1
27.7
SIZE6
0.0
7.3
3.2
9.5
2.7
0.0
7.8
4.1
9.2
15.6
15.6
30.0
10.3
17.3
13.2
a. 3
1.9
6.0
9.6
15.5
17.5
4.2
21.8
22.0
18.5
35.4
13.6
19.1
19.3
11.2
21.6
17.8
25.0
19.0
13.9
18.0
17.3
9.6
14.0
33.0
18.1
30.0
13.8
28.1
16.1
34.4
14.3
SIZE7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.0
0.0
1.1
1.6
15.6
7.7
1.3
1.0
0.9
1.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.8
0.0
3.4
3.3
4.6
1.2
1.7
1.2
7.8
0.4
1.1
2.5
2.0
2.
1.
3.
1.
0.
1.
4.
1.
15.
0.
2.
1.
7.
0.
7-9
-------
ESTIMATION OF IMPACTS
Environmental
Economic
7-10
-------
TABLE 3-6. MONTHLY AMD GEOGRAPHIC VARIATIONS IN REFUELING EMISSION FACTORS
ALABAMA
ALASKA (a)
ARIZONA
ARKANSAS
CALIFORNIA (b)
COLORADO
CONNECTICUT
DELAWARE
DIST. OF COL.
FLORIDA
GEORGIA
HAWAII (a)
IDAHO (8,b)
ILLINOIS
INDIANA
IOWA
KANSAS
KENTUCKY
LOUISIANA
MAINE
MARYLAND
MASSACHUSETTS
MICHIGAN
MINNESOTA
MISSISSIPPI
MISSOURI
MONTANA
NEBRASKA
NEVADA (b)
NEW HAMPSHIRE
JAN
1760
1570
1440
1850
1550
1590
1370
1370
1370
1760
1760
1120
1540
1370
1370
1590
1590
1370
1760
1370
1370
1370
1370
1590
1760
1590
1590
1590
1630
1370
FEB
1870
1640
1380
1870
1750
1510
1420
1420
1320
1870
1870
1190
1400
1420
1420
1610
1510
1320
1870
1420
1420
1420
1420
1610
1870
1510
1610
1610
1750
1420
MAR
1720
1640
1260
1720
1850
1060
1390
1390
1300
1720
1720
1190
1330
1390
1390
1280
1060
1300
1720
1390
1390
1390
1390
1280
1720
1190
1280
1280
1800
1390
APR
1610
1490
1090
1610
1670
720
1140
1140
1010
1610
1610
1050
1060
1070
1140
840
720
1010
1610
1140
1140
1140
1140
970
1610
840
840
840
1620
1140
MAY
1380
1650
1020
1380
1060
770
970
970
980
1380
1380
1300
750
920
970
770
770
870
1380
970
970
970
970
870
1380
770
770
770
1100
970
JUN
1450
1720
1060
1450
1140
870
1050
1050
1050
1450
1450
1470
840
1050
1050
1030
1030
1050
1450
1050
1050
1050
1050
1030
1450
1030
1030
1030
1140
1050
JUL
1460
1860
1080
1370
1280
1150
1150
1150
1150
1520
1460
1610
1060
1120
1150
1350
1200
1150
1460
1150
1150
1150
1150
1350
1460
1200
1350
1350
1280
1150
AUG
1390
1840
1110
1390
1280
1080
1150
1150
1150
1550
1390
1580
1080
1120
1150
1280
1130
1150
1390
1150
1150
1150
1150
1280
1390
1130
1280
1280
1280
1150
SEP
1240
1810
990
1240
1190
1080
1110
1010
1010
1240
1240
1470
1030
1010
1010
1240
1240
1010
1240
1110
1010
1110
1110
1240
1240
1240
1240
1240
1190
1110
OCT
1880
2020
1440
2000
1620
1630
1720
1590
1590
1880
1880
1570
* 1240
1590
1590
1850
1630
1590
1880
1720
1590
1720
1720
1850
1880
1850
1850
1630
1580
1720
NOV
1960
1830
1400
2080
1660
1570
1640
1640
1640
1960
1960
1380
1210
1610
1640
1790
1570
1640
1960
1640
1640
1640
1640
1790
1960
1700
1790
1570
1600
1640
Weighted Average
DEC Simmer Winter Annual
(Apr-Sep) (Oct-Har)
1850
1640
1310
1940
1650
1530
1440
1440
1440
1850
1850
1190
1260
1390
1440
1640
1530
1440
1850
1440
1440
1440
1440
1640
1850
1530
1640
1530
1620
1440
1420
1730
1060
1400
1270
950
1090
1070
1060
1460
1420
1420
970
1050
1080
1090
1010
1040
1420
1100
1080
1090
1090
1130
1420
1030
1100
1090
1270
1100
1840
1740
1370
1910
1680
1480
1500
1480
1440
1840
1840
1280
1320
1470
1480
1640
1480
1450
1840
1500
1480
1500
1500
1630
1840
1560
1630
1530
1660
1500
1630
1740
1220
1630
1470
1200
1290
1260
1250
1650
1630
1350
1150
1260
1270
1350
1230
1230
1620
1290
1280
1290
1290
1360
1630
1290
1340
1300
1460
1290
-------
100
80
-
ro
40
20
0
None
Minimal
Program In-Use Efficiency
No tump.
< 2,000
< 10,000
< 10.000, < 30,000
~^^^ Frequency of
~~"~^---^Ins|>ectioiii
Exemption Level ^--^_^
No Exempt.
2,000
10,000
10,000 & 50,000
Minimal
62
61
60
56
Annual
86
84
84
77
Semi
Annual
92
90
89
83
Certifi-
cation
95
93
92
86
Annual
Frequency of Inspections
Semi Annual
Certification
Figure 4-15,
Relationship of Inspection Frequency to Program
In-Use Efficiency with Exemptions
-------
TABLE 5-10. 1991 STAGE II BALANCE SYSTEM CAPITAL COST
COMPONENT
COST OF COMPONENT
MODEL PLANT 1
Number of Nozzles
Dispenser Direct Cost
Piping Direct Cost
Total Capital Cost
SINGLE
DISPENSER
2
1,580
3,910
5,490
MULTI PRODUCT
DISPENSER
4
3,210
3,910
7,120
MODEL PLANT 2
Number of Nozzles
Dispenser Direct Cost
Piping Direct Cost
Total Capital Cost
MODEL PLANT 3
Number of Nozzles
Dispenser Direct Cost
Piping Direct Cost
Total Capital Cost
MODEL PLANT 4
Number of Nozzles
Dispenser Direct Cost
Piping Direct Cost
Total Capital Cost
MODEL PLANT 5
Number of Nozzles
Dispenser Direct Cost
Piping Direct Cost
Total Capital Cost
3
2,370
4,950
7,320
6
4,740
7,860
12,600
9
7,120
9,690
16,810
15
11,860
12,650
24,510
6
4,810
4,950
9,760
12
9,620
7,860
17,480
18
14,430
9,690
24,120
30
24,060
12,650
36,710
7-13
-------
TABLE 5-11. 1991 STAGE II BALANCE SYSTEM ANNUAL COST
COMPONENT
MODEL PLANT 1
Capital Recovery Cost
Maintenance Cost
Other Indirect Costs
Recovery Credit
Total Annual ized
Cost
MODEL PLANT 2
Capital Recovery Cost
Maintenance Cost
Other Indirect Costs
Recovery Credit
Total Annualized
Cost
MODEL PLANT 3
Capital Recovery Cost
Maintenance Cost
Other Indirect Costs
Recovery Credit
Total Annualized
Cost
MODEL PLANT 4
Capital Recovery Cost
Maintenance Cost
Other Indirect Costs
Recovery Credit
Total Annualized
Cost
MODEL PLANT 5
Capital Recovery Cost
Maintenance Cost
Other Indirect Costs
Recovery Credit
Total Annualized
Cost
COST OF
SINGLE
DISPENSER
701
475
219
129
1,266
939
617
293
518
1,331
1,668
1,230
504
906
2,496
2,297
1,852
672
1,683
3,138
3,455
3,090
980
4,790
2,735
COMPONENT
MULTIPRODUCT
DISPENSER
893
475
285
129
1,524
1,555
617
485
518
2,139
2,313
1,230
699
906
3,336
3,298
1,852
965
1,683
4,432
5,175
3,090
1,468
4,790
4,943
7-14
-------
PUBLIC AWARENESS
7-15
-------
PUBLIC AWARENESS IS VITAL TO THE
SUCCESS OF ANY STAGE II PROGRAM
TO ENSURE THE PROPER USE OF
STAGE II EQUIPMENT
SHOULD EDUCATE:
Facility Owners and
Operators
General Public
. 7-16
-------
ENFORCEMENT DOCUMENT
TRAINING AND PUBLIC EDUCATION
Inspector Training
Facility Owner/Operator Training
Education of Regulated Facilities
General Public Education
7-17
-------
FACILITY OWNER/OPERATOR
TRAINING ON STAGE H
EQUIPMENT
At Least One Owner/Operator From Each Facility Should
Receive Training in the Following Areas:
Purposes and Effects of the Stage n Vapor Control
Program
Equipment Operation and Function
Maintenance Schedules and Requirements
Equipment Warranties
Equipment Manufacturer Contacts for Parts and
Service
7-18
-------
POA EDUCATION OF REGULATED
FACILITIES
The POA Should Prepare and Distribute the Following
Information on the Purposes and Benefits of Stage n Vapors
Control to All Regulated Facilities:
The General Purposes and Benefits of the Stage
Vapor Control Program
The Specific Program Requirements
Potential Enforcement Consequences for Non-
Compliance
Information on the Program Oversight Agency
7-19
-------
fACIUTIi?
-------
OTHER EXAMPLES OF FACILITY
EDUCATION/TRAINING
South Coast self-inspection
Massachusetts self-enforcement
7-21
-------
How lo Use a Stage II Nozzle
ro
I. Insert ihenoulc into your cart fill pipe.
Mofctodm*
3. Ptnklhe wudl IOM «to dw ridt M lalck
pMlhe
CM. caniauc pplylBt prtuura la mainuln
fUlwurttAw
will itiBl Off Ml
Ito
fill. DMllOf
f WaH few atcMdi before MQvtag Ike
riwtoft toka *>n«aiaiiifMOlhK Alia a*.
CB o O O
S3
I ~
££*
}P||
nil
S3r -
o
00
B
If
Cut Gas Vapors
Off At The
Pump!
New nozzles on the pumps at
Massachusetts gas stations
cut smog, conserve fuel and
reduce lire hazard
Commonwcmlih U MusachusclU
Eieculhre Office of Environmental Affairs
Department of Environmental Protection
-------
NOZZLE OPERATION
OJ
1. Insert nozzle
GAS TANK
Used property, vapor recovery nozzles fight smog!
2. Tilt down, dispense
; gasoline.
GAS TANK
3. After shutoff, wait 3 sec-
onds, push In, lift and remove
nozzle.
TOXIC RISK!
Avoid Spillage
* Avoid Breathing Fumes
For Your Protection-Do Hot Top Off Tank
Nozzle Problems?
Call S.C.A.Q.M.D. (800) 242-4020
8MT7W
-------
WAYS TO INFORM AND EDUCATE THE
PUBLIC CONCERNING A STAGE II
PROGRAM
Require operating instructions be
placed at the pump
Provide a toll free complaint number
Develop a Public Awareness Program
including Brochures, Pamphlets, Fact
Sheets, etc.
TV, Radio, Newspapers
Seminars/Presentations at
Community and Civic Organizations
7-24
-------
REGULATIONS/
EQUIPMENT REQUIREMENTS
-------
ELEMENTS OF A
STAGE II REGULATION
Equipment Requirements
Exemption Levels
Compliance Schedules
Recordkeeping Requirements
8-1
-------
CERTIFIED SYSTEMS
Control systems required to achieve at
least 95 percent control
Systems must:
1) be tested using CARB methods, or
2) be tested and approved by an
equivalent testing program, or
3) be certified by CARB.
8-2 .
-------
CALIFORNIA AIR RESOURCES BOARD
VAPOR RECOVERY CERTIFICATION
The requirements which must be met for GARB certification
include:
- Successful completion of tests.
For new systems, these include:
- Operational test of at least 90 days
Efficiency test ("100-car test")
- Leak test
- Proof of financial responsibility
- Acceptable warranty
- 3 years unless life of component is less
- 1 year for hoses and nozzles
- Acceptable installation and maintenance procedures and
manuals
- Approval by:
- DMS (Division of Measurement Standards)
Responsible for recirculation, meter accuracy,
shutoffs
- SFM (State Fire Marshall)
Responsible for fire safety
- DOSH (Division of Occupational Safety and Health)
Responsible for safety other than fire
- Payment of certification fee
8-3
-------
California Air Resources Board (CARB) Certification
Approval of Three State Agencies
Required Before Certification May Be Issued
State Fire Marshal (SFM)
Only Agency Responsible for Fire Safety
Division of Measurement Standards (DMS)
Shutoff Mechanisms and Prevention of Recirculation
Division of Occupational Safety and Health (DOSH)
Safety Other than Fire Safety
-------
CO
I
cn
CARB Certification Test Procedures
Operational Test
At least 90 days
Service station with at least 100,000 gals/month throughput
No maintenance except as specified in manual
No fault for vandalism or accidents (drive-offs)
Station Leak Test
Phase I Efficiency Test
Phase II Efficiency Test
Minimum of 100 vehicle fuelings
Minimum of 40 Baseline fuelings
-------
COSTS OF CERTIFICATION
Application Fees
Testing Fees (Government and
Private)
Communication/Travel, etc.
Industry estimates total cost of
certifying system at $50,000 -
$100,000
8-6
-------
ABOVE GROUND
STORAGE TANK SYSTEMS
Two types seen in California:
1) Bulk plant type card lock facilities
2) Small Vaulted Storage Tanks
Insufficient number of fuelings to
meet 100 car matrix
Certified using "engineering" analysis
and judgement
8-7
-------
CERTIFIED SYSTEMS IN
OTHER STATES
Missouri
New Jersey
New York
Bade County, FL
Massachusetts
8-8
-------
Missouri Stage II Regulation
(B) Certification of Vapor Recovery
Equipment. Vapor Recovery Equipment
Certification will be performed by the di-
rector. It is the responsibility of the sup-
plier/manufacturer to provide proof to the
director that a vapor recovery system or
its modifications meet the requirements of
certification as provided in 10 CSR 10-
5.220(6)(B)1. 3. The requirements for
a vapor recovery system or its modifica-
tions to be certified are as follows:
1. The system must be certified by the
State of California Air Resources Board
as having a vapor recovery or removal
efficiency of at least ninety-five percent
(95%).
2. All rules and requirements of the
Missouri Department of Natural Re-
sources are met. These consist of rules
found in Title 10 of the Code of State
Regulations.
8-9
-------
Dade County, FL Stage II Regulation
(C) It shall be unlawful for any person to
STspense or to permit, cause/allow, let
or suffer the dispensing of gasoline,
gasonoi or any petroleum distillate into
any motor vehicle fuel tanJc or into any '
motor vehicle fuel delivery vessel from
any loading facility unless such loading
facility is equipped with a vapor*
collection system or its equivalent,
properly installed, and operational, as
approved by the director of the
department of environmental resources
management or his desiqnee. When
dispensing gasoline > qasohol or other
etroleum distillates through tfie
atcnes of a motor vettlcie: fuel delivery
vessel with a IdMtnqr arar erolppeo? »r±th
such: vapor collcctlottr sygtemy a
pneumatic, hydraulic or otner mechanical
device shall be- installed to create a
vapor-tight seal between tne loadinT'ann
and tne hatch. For aJJ. otner loading of
asoiine, qasohol and otneir petroleum
istillates effected- tnrouqn means "oTher
man hatches, delivery lines shall be
equipped with fittings which create
vapor-tight connections and whicnTlose
automatically when disconnected* The
vapor collection system required herein
snail be one of the tonowinq;
1
I
8-10
-------
Metropolitan Dade County, Florida
Clean Air Program Stage II Vapor Recovery
Syitem Specifications
Company Name and Address
California Air Resources Board
EXECUTIVE ORDER NUMBER
Dade County
APPROVAL NUMBER
Dispenser Manufacturer and Model
Pump Number(s)
Stage II Vapor Recovery System
Nozzle
(check Manufacturer and enter model number)
Coaxial Hose Assembly Manufacturer and Model
Liquid Removal System
Pressure-Vacuum (P/V) Vents, Pressure and
Vacuum
Retractor Manufacturer and Model
Remote Check Valves
Maximum Flow Rate
FlowLimiter
Height of Hose Loop from Drive Surface
Height of Hose Loop from Island
Inside Diameter of (galvanized) Vapor Riser
Breakaway
Due:
Name:
to
. Balance Hirt Assist
Other (specify)
OPW11IV- 111V-
EMCO WHEATON A4005 / RA4005
HUSKY Model V
Other (specify)
No Yes (specify)
P s _^^_ _ ot pressure
V = oz. vacuum
No Yesfsoecifv)
8s10
No YesfsDedfv)
inches
inches
inches
No Yesfcnecifv)
Please complete this fora for each system and mbmtt for approval to:
DERM Air Section, 111 N.W. lit - Toite 1310, Miami, Florida 33128
o-ll
-------
i 2s
Section 0
i Uso Form VSM-032 [Stage i / for eacn locaoon which tfoos not ham a DEP ID Numotr.)
DEP ID a
Facility Location (City)
County
Throughput"
(Cols.)
Log Numoer
(DEP Use Onhi
Throuqnput ui gallon* dupautd at itiu location from 9-1-96 lo 8-31-87.
Saetlon E
Please cheek (mtf i) the certified Stage II Vaoor Recovery equipment that will be inattlUd at Men location. The
numoar nan to aaen manutaaurar raprasams the Caliiorraa asaoiuva oitiar Uut eandiad that aquipmam.
.Aflame fliertiild (G-70-2S-AA)
_Emco Whaaien (G-70-17-AA)
_Hun«eh (G-70-7-A8)
_Hirt (G-7(W3-AB)
.OPW (G-70-36-AA)
_Taxaoo (G-7M8-AA)
OUwr
Chavmn (G-70-53-AA)
(G-70-23-AA)
H«aly (G-70-70-AA)
(G-70-46-AA)
_ Union (G-70-49-AA)
CaW. Ex. Older *
FOR DEPARTMENT USE ONLY DO NOT WRITE BELOW THIS LINE
Application for authorization to install the above indicated Stage II vapor recovery system is
hereby: APPROVED DENIED
Reason tor Denial:
.No-Fee
. Application is Illegible
No Certified Controls
No Signature
NSR DECISION DATE:
BY:
Chief, Bureau of New Source Review
NOTE: " - gppUf?«""«? 9*q app"yyJ. _yju will be sent form VEM-017 at a later date. Form
VEM^ILwUhtnchide your New Jersey Plant ID Numbers. New Jersey Slack Numbers.
and Certificate Numbers. This form must be readily available at locations above until
. vou-recab/e>your_VEM-017. forms.
8-12
-------
COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS
2EPARTKENT ZT ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
BUREAU OF WASTE PREVENTION
CIVISION OF AIR QUALITY CONTROL
STAGE :: - FACILITY INSTALLATION AND COMPLIANCE FORM
Per OEP use only:
~ Incomplete
IC~t:
Csnpietisr. ci VMS torn is required by and satisfies the requirements oS OEP regulation
::: CMP - ;;i6iiei2. Faiiure to provide ccaplete and accurate information may sueject you
-.= aomir.isirstive penalties. Complete lisas 1-7 PRIOR to installation of vapor recovery
equipment and return tnt «nne copy to OEP. Upon FINAL installation, complete ltt» I and
return tnt yellow copy. Retain tne pin* copy for your record*. IS you n«v« any qu««tlon§.
call DEP i: 6;7-i!«-103£. PLEASE TYPE OR PRINT CLEARLY. .
1. FACILITY OWNER:
Nan*:
Phone: I.
Business Mailing Address:.
City. State;
ZIPS.
3. FACILITY OPERATOR/LESSEE.
Nine:
Phone: (.
Business Hailing Address:.
City. State:
IIP:.
2. -ACUITY INFORMATION:
Nane:
Phone: i.
Street Address:.
City. State:
ZIP:.
4. TYPE OF VAPOR COLLECTION AND CONTROL SYSTEM (cnecx one only):
G Vapor science P Vecuust Assist D Other:.
5. VAPOR COLLECTION AND CONTROL EQUIPMENT INFORMATION: Only equipeionc «Biet has already
been approved and certified by the California Air Reaoureoa Board (CAM) IS acceptable.
Eauipnent
No.
of
Manufacturers
Nasie
Model
No.
CJJLB Nuaaor (i.e..
Executive order )
NOZZLES
HOSES
DISPENSERS I
6. ANTICIPATED BATES OF INSTALLATION:
Underground Pinina; / /
SB dd TV
Above«rouad Eouipaeet:.
da
7. STATEKBrr OF NOTinCATION I Sign
X certify that X have provided tbo
ia trve and
tho waito eopyM
iaionacioa.
t ot «7
it
Sioaatttre of legally reepoasiAle person
Dae*
Titlot.
City. State».
Zt»t.
B. STJLTBfBlT or COMK.UUICE isiga and return the 70X10* copy wbea laotallatlon ot
baa feooa covleted): X certify taat the eqvipsMac listod la i
installed and is epontiag ia eos«Iiaaeo vita 310 Ott 7.24CC).
Signature as legevuy re
(7 U
8-13
-------
CARB EXECUTIVE ORDERS
8-14
-------
oo
i
H-
in
CARB Certification Executive Orders
Issued after all certification requirements have been met
SFM Approval
DMS Approval
DOSH Approval
Successful Completion of Tests
Payment of Certification Fee
Contain Requirements of Certification
Configuratins of Underground Piping
List of Certified Components
Specific Requirements
(Example: Pressure Drop Criteria for Balance and Hirt)
-------
State of California
AIR RESOURCES BOARD
Executive Order G-70-17-AB
Relating to Modification of Certification
of the Emco Wheaton Balance Phase II
Vapor Recovery System
WHEREAS, the Air Resources Board (the "Board") has established, pursuant to
Sections 39600, 39601, and 41954 of the Health and Safety Code, certification
procedures for systems designed for the control of gasoline vapor emissions
during motor vehicle fueling operations ("Phase II vapor recovery systems") in
its "Certification Procedures for Gasoline Vapor Recovery Systems at Service
Stations" as last amended December 4, 1981 (the "Certification Procedures"),
incorporated by reference in Section 94001 of Title 17, California
Administrative Code;
WHEREAS, the Board has established pursuant to Sections 39600, 39601, and
41954 of the Health and Safety Code, test procedures for determining
compliance of Phase II vapor recovery systems with emission standards in its
"Test Procedures for Determining the Efficiency of Gasoline Vapor Recovery
Systems at Service Stations" as last amended September 1, 1982 (the "Test
Procedures"), incorporated by reference in Section 94000 of Title 17,
California Administrative Code;
WHEREAS, Emco Wheaton has applied for certification of the Emco Wheaton Models
A4QOO and A4001 vapor recovery nozzles and Model A220 series vapor check
valves for use with the Balance Phase II vapor recovery systems;
WHEREAS. Section YIII-A of the Certification Procedures provides that the
Executive Officer shall issue an order of certification if he or she
determines that a vapor recovery system conforms to all of the requirements
set forth in Sections I through VII;
WHEREAS, I find that coaxial vapor recovery hoses when used with Emco Wheaton
balance Phase II vapor recovery systems result in an improvement to the
performance of the systems; and
WHEREAS, I find that the Emco Wheaton Model A4001 coaxial vapor recovery
nozzles and Model A220 series vapor check valves, when used with the balance
Phase II vapor recovery systems, at all new and existing Installations,
conform with.all the requirements set forth in Sections I through VII of the
Certification Procedures.
NOW THEREFORE, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED that the certification, Executive Order
G-70-17-AA, issued on February 8, 1983 is hereby modified to add the Emco
Wheaton Model A4000 and A4001 vapor recovery nozzles and Model A220 series
vapor check valves for use with the Emco Wheaton balance Phase II vapor
recovery system.
IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that only the coaxial Emco Wheaton Models A4000 and
A3000 vapor recovery nozzles may be installed on new installations.
8-16
-------
EXECUTIVE ORDER' G-70-17-AB
NOTES 70 ACCOMPANY EXHIBITS 1 & 2
1. For non-retail outlets which fuel special vehicles, the installation cf
vapor recovery hoses longer than specified in the latest version of
Executive Order G-70-52 are allowed if the following conaitions are met:
a. The non-retail outlet fuels special vehicles such as large trucks,
large skip loaders, off-the-road equipment, etc. wnere reaching the
fill pipe requires longer hoses.
b. The vapor return hoses are arranged to be self-draining or provisions
are made to drain the hoses after each refueling or the system
incorporates an approved liquid blockage detection system arranged to
cease dispensing when a blockage occurs.
c. The Executive Officer of the Air Resources Board or his/her designee
has approved the plans for compliance with condition b.
2. The maximum allowable pressure drop through a system including nozzle,
vapor hose, swivels, and underground piping is:
a. 0.15 inch water at a flow of 20 CFH;
b. 0.45 inch water at a flow of 60 CFH;
c. 0.95 inch water at a flow of 100 CFH.
A pressure drop test must be conducted with the drybreak to the
underground tank open.
3. The vent pipes ana vent manifold shall be adequately supported throughout
their length and when they are supporting weights in addition to their
own, additional supports may be required, such as anchoring co a building
or other structure.
4. All vapor return and vent piping shall be equipped with swing joints at
tne base of the riser to each dispensing unit, at each tank connection.
and at the base of the vent riser where it fastens to a building or otner
structure. When a swing joint is used in a riser containing a shear
section, the riser must be rigidly supported.
5. Float check valves (or alternative equipment, design, or operating
procedures acceptable to the Air Resources Board) are required for all
underground manifolded piping systems installed on or after
Novemoer 13, 1980 to prevent contamination of unleaded gasoline with
leaded gasoline, via vapor recovery piping, during underground storage
tank loading or overfill.
8-17
-------
EXHIBIT 10
Executive Order G-70-52-AM
High-Hang Coaxial Hose Configuration With Liquid Removal System
For New and Existing Installations
Vapor check valve, if
required, may be located
here
Venturi may be located here
with separate liquid pickup
in hose loop where indicated
below
Coaxial Hose Assembly
ozzle
Venturi may be located here
with separate liquid pickup
in hose loop where indicated
below
Liquid removal system
required, located so that
the liquid pickup is in the
bottom of the hose loop
during vehicle fuelings.
Notes:
1. Use 1 inch or larger inside diameter galvanized pipe for riser.
2. The maximum length of the hose assembly is 10-1/2 feet.
3. An ARB certified liquid removal system must be installed and maintained
according to the manufacturer's current specifications.
4. A flow limlter is required on all dispensers that have a maximum flowrate
in excess of 10 gpm. A flow Umlter may be required on all gasoline
dispensers at the option of the local air pollution control district.
5. The Emco Wheaton and EZ-flo A4001 and A4003 nozzles are permitted only
when used in conjunction with approved vapor check valves.
6. The hose may not touch the island or the ground when not in use. In the
case of a dogbone island where the wider island ends protect the hose from
damage by vehicle tires, the hose may touch the vertical face of the
dogbone island at the option of the local air pollution control district.
8-18
-------
00
I
Exhibit 2. paga 4
Executive Order G-76-52-AM
Coaponenf*-' Dot for Red Jacket. Hlrt. or Balance
Phaie II Vapor Recovery Syete«e
U/inu faeturar/ItiiBB SFU ID
and Model Number NuMber 456
Hlgh-Hana Hoee Dleoeneere
Bennett Pueip 7812. 7624. 8622. 8624. 8633
Bennett PUMP 8836. 9836. 9848
Dreeeer Wayne 396
Dreeeer Wayne 496
Oreeeer Wayne 3980x-CQU
Gl Ibarco MPD
Gl Ibarco Advantage
Koppene Calcutrlei
Southweet 2366 and 2488 MPD
Tokholo) High-discharge TCS
H311. H312. H322. H324. H413. H42B. H614. H628
IB/
Product Blending Dlepeneere"^
Oreeeer Wayne 395-1L Blender
Oreeeer Wayne 375 Blender
Oreeeer Wayne 585 Blender
Oreeeer Wayne 598 Blender
Gl Ibarco SaleeMaker (SMK) Blender
Gl Ibarco Multi-Product (MPD) Blender
TokehlM 282 with blend valvee -^ X
TokehlM 426 TCS with blend valvee
Coaxial Hoee AeeeMblv
B.F. Goodrich Coax 665:614:661 X X
B.F. Goodrich Super II Coax 665:614:881 X X
Oayco Petroflex 2868 Mdl 7574 865:633:661 X X
Ooyco Petroflex 2666 Mdl 7573 865:633:662 X X
Ooyco Petroflex 3668
Model 7575 Blending Hoee 665:633:668
Gatee Kleanalre 865:845:861 X X
(Continued next page)
Exhibit.
7 8a 8b Be 9a 9b 9c 16 11 11a
X X
X X
xxxxxxxx
XXX X
X X X X
X X X X
X X X X
X X
X X
X X
X
X
X
X
X
X
XXX
XXX
XXX
xxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxx
X
xxxxxxxxx
-------
OTHER REGULATION ELEMENTS
-------
OTHER REGULATION ELEMENTS
9-1
-------
ELEMENTS OF A
STAGE II REGULATION
Equipment Requirements
Exemption Levels
Compliance Schedules
Recordkeeping Requirements
9-2
-------
EXEMPTION LEVELS
Optional - - Maximum Allowable
Exemptions:
<_ 50,000 gal/month dispensed for
"independent small business
marketers"
<. 10,000 gal/month dispensed for all
facilities
9-3
-------
TABLE 5-12. COST EFFECTIVENESS OF 1991 STAGE II
BALANCE SYSTEMS"
Single Multiproduct
Dispenser Dispenser
MODEL PLANT 1
Annualized Costs, $
Emission Reduction, Mg
Cost Effectiveness, $/Mg
MODEL PLANT 2
Annualized Costs, $
Emission Reduction, Mg
Cost Effectiveness, $/Mg
MODEL PLANT 3
Annualized Costs, $
Emission Reduction, Mg
Cost Effectiveness, $/Mg
MODEL PLANT 4
Annualized Costs, $
Emission Reduction, Mg
Cost Effectiveness, $/Mg
MODEL PLANT 5
Annualized Costs, $
Emission Reduction, Mg
Cost Effectiveness, $/Mg
1,266
0.34
3,680
1,331
1.0
1,290
2,496
1.8
1,380
3,138
3.4
910
2,735
9.7
280
1,524
0.34
4,430
2,139
1.0
2,070
3,336
1.8
1,850
4,432
3.4
1,290
4,943
9.7
510
8 Emission reduction from Table 3-8, and assuming annual
enforcement (86 percent in-use efficiency).
9-4
-------
PERCENT CONSUMPTION EXCLUDED
WITH VARIOUS STAGE II EXEMPTION
SCENARIOS
EXEMPTION SCENARIO
PERCENT
CONSUMPTION
EXCLUDED
FROM
REGULATION
EXEMPT STATIONS 2,000
GAL/MON
2.4%
GAL/MON
STATIONS < 10,000
2.8%
STATIONS < 10,000
GAL/MON AND INDEPENDENTS <
50,000 GAL/MON
10.0%
9-5
-------
Program In-Use Efficiency
\^^ Frequency of
^^^^^Inspeclions
Eicmplioa Level ^^~"--\^^
No Exempt.
2,OQO
10,000
10,000 & 50,000
Minimal
62
61
60
56
Annual
86
84
84
77
Serai-
Annual
92
90
89
83
Certifi-
cation
95
93
92
86
VO
I
-------
EXAMPLES OF EXEMPTION LEVEL
Bay Area
Philadelphia
District of Columbia
9-7
-------
REGULATION 8
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
RULE?
GASOLINE DISPENSING FACILITIES
8-7-100 GENERAL
8-7-101 Description: The ourocse of this Rule is to limit emissions of organic ccmoounas
from gasoline aisoensmg raaiities. (Amenaed 3/17/82. 11/30/83. '.0/17/90)
8-7-110 Exemptions
8-7-111 Phase I Exemptions: The following are exemot from Section 8-7-301:
111.1 Storage tanks with a caoacity of less than i 0 cubic meter (260 gallons).
111.2 Storage tanks installed before October i. 1974 at facilities with an annual
throughput of less than 227 cubic meters (60.000 gallons) wmcn were not
equipped with Phase I vapor recovery as of July i, 1983. Should
througnput exceed 227 cubic meters (60.000 gallons) m any one year, this
exemption shall no longer aoply.
1113 Storage tanks used primarily for the fueling of implements of husoandry as
defined in Division 16. Chanter 1, of the California Vehicle Code, crowded
such tanks are equipped with a suomerged fill oipe.
1114 Storage tanks wnere the APCO determines in writing that Phase I vapor
recovery is not feasible.
(Amenaed and Renumbered 11/30/83.3/4/87. Amenaed 10/17/90)
8-7-112 Phase II Exemptions: The following are exempt from Section 8-7-302:
112.1 Facilities which are exemot from Phase I.
112.2 Delivery of fuel to venicle tanks, of a class of venicies wnere it is
determined by the APCO in writing mat fill-necK configuration, location or
other design features of that class of vehicles makes application of the
requirements of this rule inappticaole to that class of venicies. This
suosection 8-7-112.2 shall not exempt any gasoline disoensing facility from
installing and using such vapor recovery systems as required by this Rule.
112.3 Dispensing of gasoline at facilities where the APCO determines in
that Phase. II vaporrecovery is not feasible.
112.4 Vehicle to vehicle refueling.
112.5 Facilities which exclusively refuel motor vehicle tanks with a caoaoty of
0.019 cubic meters (5 gallons) or less.
112.6 Facilities which exclusively refuel aircraft.
112.7 Facilities with an annual throughput of less than 227 cuoic meters (60.000
gallons) where Phase II vapor recovery equipment was not installed prior
to July i. 1983. Should throughput exceed 227 cuoic meters (60.000*
gallons) in any one year, this exemption shall no longer apply.
112.8 Deleted March 4,1987
(Amended and Renumbered 11/30/83.3/4/87. Amended 10/17/90)
8-7-113 Tank Gauging and Inspection Exemption: Any tank may be ooened for gauging
or inspection when loading operations are not in progress provided that sucn tank
is^not pressurized. (Adopted November 30.1983)
8-7-114 'Stationary Tank Testing Exemption: The requirements of 8-7-301 do not apply to
deliveries made to completely fill stationary tanks for the purpose of leak testing,
provided that such deliveries do not exceed 3.8 cubic meters (1000 gallons) at
each facility. (Adopted November 30.1983T
9-8 Octobertr, 1990ST
-------
2. The vapor return line and associated connections
shall be designed so as to be of sufficient size and
sufficiently free of restrictions to allow vapor return
to the delivery vessel to achieve the specified control
requirement.
3. The vapor-laden delivery vessel shall be refilled
only at loading facilities equipped with a vapor recovery
system as prescribed in Section V.A.
All delivery vessels subject to this Section shall be so
designed and maintained as to be vapor tight at all times,
except during repair and maintenance. The Department may
require the owner or operator of any such delivery vessel to
submit records of inspection and procedures related to such
maintenance, including visual inspections and leak testing.
The provisions of this Section shall not apply to any
stationary storage container having a capacity of less than
2000 gallons installed underground prior to the date of
adoption of this Section.
The provisions of this section shall become effective
pursuant to the Sectiqn XXIV of these Regulations and
compliance shall be effected within the time and manner
prescribed thereunder.
C. No person shall load or permit the loading of gasoline
into, the^fuel. tanJc.of any motor, vehicle,, as-defined, by thet= o*
PennsylvaitiasDepartmentrof: Transportation? atrany gasolinw*8^ ,.
dispensing^acility unless the loading is conducted us ing?an-."
vapor control system, properly installed, well maintained, iir
operation, and approved by the Department, that prevents the
release to the atmosphere of at least 90 percent by weight of
the gasoline vapors displaced from the motor vehicle fuel
tank during loading. Such vapor control system installation
shall also be in accordance with applicable provisions of
TITLE 5 of the Philadelphia Code, and the owner or operator
of any affected facility shall post and maintain, in \\
conspicuous locations in the gasoline dispensing area, clear-
visual instructions pertaining to the proper use of the
gasoline dispensing equipment and attendant vapor control
device.
The above gasoline dispensing vapor control requirements
shall apply to:
1. Any existing gasoline dispensing facility with a
9-9
-------
gasoline throughput equal to or greater ~han 10,000
gallons per calendar rr.onth, based on gasoline thrcugnput
records for the facility for the 12-month period prior
to, or for any monthly period subsequent to, the
effective date of this sub-Section, as follows:
a. Any existing gasoline dispensing facility with a
gasoline througnput equal to or greater than
1,500,000 gallons per year shall comply with the
vapor control requirements not later than 12 months
from the effective date of this sub-Section.
b. Any existing gasoline dispensing facility with a
gasoline throughput equal to or greater than
1,000,000 gallons per year, but less than 1,500,000
gallons per year, shall comply with the vapor control
requirements not later than IS months from the
effective date of this sub-Section.
c. Any existing gasoline dispensing facility with a
gasoline throughput equal to or greater than 500,000
gallons per year, but less than 1,000,000 gallons per
year, shall comply with the vapor control
requirements not later than 24 months from the
effective date of this sub-Section.
d. Any existing gasoline dispensing facility with a
gasoline throughput of less than 500,000 gallons per
year shall comply with the vapor control requirements
not later than 36 months from the effective date of
this sub-Section.
^
2. Any-gasoline dispensing facility, or-partr thereof,
regardless of gasoline throughput quantity, which is
constructed, reconstructed or modified, except for minor
repairs or alterations, after the effective date of this
sub-Section.
D. No person shall sell, deliver for use, use, or exchange
in trade for use in Philadelphia any gasoline having a Reid
,Vapor Pressure greater than 9.0 during the period May l
through September 15, commencing in calendar year 1991 and
continuing every year thereafter. The owner or operator of
any gasoline loading, distribution, or dispensing facility
which supplies gasoline for use in Philadelphia shall test
and record, or otherwise document, the Reid vapor Pressure of
each gasoline shipment loaded from, distributed by, or
received at the facility for use in Philadelphia during the
9-10
-------
District Of
70S STAGE II VAPOR RECOVERY
705.1 Unlns exempted under $$705.4 or 705.5. the transfer of
gasoline to
-------
COMPLIANCE DATES
{Starting after State adoption}
6 months facilities constructed
after Nov. 15, 1990
one year >_ 100,000 gal/month
facilities
two years all others
3-year phase-in schedule for independents
9-12
-------
ISSUES TO CONSIDER IN COMPLIANCE
SCHEDULE DEVELOPMENT
Number of Experienced
Contractors in the Area
Number of Service Stations that
will have the same compliance
date
Equipment Availiability
9-13
-------
VERIFICATION OF FACILITY
COMPLIANCE
Permitting records
Station Operating License
System Installation and Testing
Results
Stage II Maintenance Records
Inspection Records
Compliance Records
Training Certification
9-14
-------
THROUGHPUT RECORDS
Kept on at least a monthly basis
Gasoline delivery receipts
Gasoline sales information
Reported for tax purposes
9-15
-------
EXAMPLES OF RECORDKEEPING
REQUIREMENTS
New York
Massachusetts
Philadelphia
Bay Area
9-16
-------
NEW YORK AIR RULES
S-104
461:0611
10 this Part must be closed while the transport vehicle is
loaded, unloaded or m motion, except when gasoline
iransoori venicles are hatch-loaded in conformance with
section 229 6(c)(2) or 229.7(a)(2) of this Title.
230.5 Gasoline dispensing sites recordkeepmg and
reporting.
(a) The owner of any gasoline dispensing site in the
New York City metropolitan area must maintain rec-
ords showing the quantity of all gasoline delivered to the
site. These records must be retained for at least two
years, and must be made available to the commissioner
or his representative upon request at any reasonable
time.
(b) The sum of all gasoline deliveries to a gasoline
dispensing site during the previous 12 consecutive
months will be used to determine whether the require-
ments of section 230.2 of this Pan apply. Once a
gasoline dispensing site becomes subject to the require-
ments of section 230.2 because its annual gasoline
throughput exceeds an applicability level, subsequent
decreases in gasoline deliveries or throughput do not
excuse a source owner from having to maintain the
effectiveness of the stage I and/or stage II equipment.
230.6 Gasoline transport vehicles recordkeeping and
reporting.
U) The owner of any gasoline transport vehicle sub-
ject to this Pan must maintain records of pressure-
vacuum testing and repairs. The records must include
the identity of the gasoline transport vehicle, the results
of the testing, the date that the testing and repairs, as
needed, were done, the nature of needed repairs and the
date of retestt where appropriate.
(b) A copy of the- man recent pressure-vacuum test
results, in a form acceptable to the commissioner, must
be kept with the gmoliiHT transport vehicle.
(c) Records acceptable to the commissioner must be
retained for two yean after the testing occurred, and
must be made available to the commissioner or his
representative on request at any reasonable time.
230.7 Conqtiaw sdmhdes.
(a) Any person subject to the stage I vapor collection
requirements for gasoline dispensing sites of this Pan
must have su omitted a proposed schedule to the commis-
sioner wmcn includes specific steos and dates necessary
10 comply with the provisions of this Part by January 1,
1981.
(b) Owners of gasoline aisoenstng sites subject to the
stage I vaoor collection requirements of this Pan must
have been in compliance with all requirements before
October 2, 1982.
(c) The pressure-vacuum test and associated require-
ments of section 230.4(a) for gasoline transport vehicles
subject to this Pan are in effect as of Apnl 11, I98S.
(d) Owners of gasoline dispensing sites subject to the
stage II vapor collection requirements of this Pan must
be in compliance with these requirements by the follow.
ing dates.
(1) July I. 1988 where the annual throughput of the
gasoline dispensing site is 500.000 gallons or more; or
(2) July 1. 1989 where the annual throughput of the
gasoline dispensing site is between 250.000 and 500.000
gallons.
230.8 Variances. Where it can be shown to the satisfac-
tion of the commissioner that a gasoline dispensing site
or gasoline transport vehicle cannot comply with the
requirements of this Pan for reasons of technological or
economic feasibility, the commissioner may, upon sub-
mission of satisfactory evidence, grant to the source
owner or operator a variance from the requirements of
this Part and accept a lesser degree of control or an
alternate compliance schedule.
PART 231
NEW SOURCE REVIEW IN NONATTABaaNF
AREAS -i
(Effective August 23, 1979; June 22.1980? AigMfc 10,
1984)
Section 231.1 Definitions, (a) For the purpose of this
Part, the general definitions of Part 200 of this Title
apply.
(b) For the purpose of this Pan. the following defini-
tions also apply:
(1) Actual emission reduction. The actual decrease in
the rate of emissions of an air coniaminment from an
9-17
br THE BUREAU OF NATHNM^FFMRS. MC.
DC.
-------
106:0562
STATE AIR LAWS
U) For the ouroose 01 310 CMR
724(1) througn i3) any testing reauirea
by the Department snail be in accoroance
with metnoas aoorovea unaer the orovi-
iions 01' 310 CMR 7 13. For the aetermi-
ration of total emissions reauireo by 310
CMR 7 24(1) ana 121. comouance testing
shall be in accoroance with aooncable oro-
cedures aescnbed in EPA Method 18. as
described in Code of Federal Regulations
Title 40. Part 60. or any other metnod
approved by EPA ana the Oeoanment.
For the pressure vacuum certification re-
quired by 310 CMR 7.24(3). compliance
testing shall be in accordance with appli-
cable procedures described in EPA Meth-
od 27 as described in Code of Federal
Regulations Title 40. Part 60 or ov an-
other method approved by EPA and the
Department.
(5) Gasoline Reid Vapor Pressure
(a) No person shall sell or supply from a
bulk plant or terminal, gasoline having a
Reid Vapor Pressure greater than 90
pounds per square inch (psi) during the
penod beginning May I and continuing
through September IS. beginning in 1989
and continuing every year thereafter.
(b) Comoliance with this section may
be determined by the Department through
an audit of RVP ten results provided by
the supplier or through fuel sampling and
testing subject to the following provisions:
I. Any person owning, operating, leas-
ing or controlling any gasoline marketing
facility shall, upon request by any employ-
ee of the Depanna
marketing facility in accnrriannrt with the
test methods listed in 310 CMR
7 24(S)(b)2.
2. Any fuel sampling and testing re-
quired by the Department shall be con-
ducted in accordance with ASTM Method
D4I77. ASTM Method D40S7. ASTM
Method D323 or any other method ap-
proved by the Department and EPA.
(c) This regulation will be enforced in
accordance with M.G.L. e.111. J.142A
through E. as amended.
(6) U Dispensing of Motor Vehicle Fuel
(a) The requirements of 310 CMR
7 24(6) shall apply to:
I. any motor vehicle fuel dispensing
facility which has been constructed or sub-
stantially modified on or before November
1.1989 and which at any time since Janu-
ary I. 1988 has had a throughput of at
least 20.000 gallons in any one calendar
montn. or
1 anv motor vehicle fuel disoensma
laciluv. regardless 01 througnout. wmch is
constructed or suostantially modified after
Novemoer I. 1989
(b) Exceot as provided in 310 CMR
7 24(6)(a) no person, owner, operator or
employee ol a motor venicle fuel disoens-
mg facility, shall dispense, or allow the
dispensing of. motor vehicle fuel from anv
motor vehicle fuel dispensing facility un-
less the motor vehicle fuel dispensing facil-
ity is equipped with a properly operating
vapor collection and control system.
(c) Any person who owns, leases, oper-
ates or controls a motor vehicle fuel dis-
pensing facility, which is subject to 310
CMR 7.24(6). shall, in accordance with
i he applicable date provided for in 310
CMR 7.24(6)(d):
I install and properly operate a ceni-
licd vapor collection and control svstcm.
ana make anv other modifications to their
facility necessary to comoly with the re-
quirements of 310 CMR 7.24(6):
2. notify and inform the Department
prior to installation of the vapor collection
and control system, on a form obtained
from the Derailment, of the dates of in-
stallation and the specific type of vapor
collection and control system to be
installed.
3. ensure that, prior to initial operation
of the vapor collection and control system.
the operators and employees of the motor
vehicle fuel dispeasmg facility have re-
6 consoicuousiv oost 'Out of Order"
nens on. anv aoovcarouna part of the
vapor collection ana control system which
is not lullv operative, until said vapor
collection ana control system has been
rcoaired.
" take anv steos necessary to prohibit
ihe use of anv aooveground pan of the
vaoor collection ana control system which
is not fullv operative and otherwise in
compliance with the performance stan-
dards of 310 CMR 7 M(6)(c)4
(d) Any motor vehicle fuel dispensing
facility, which is subject to the require-
ments of 310 CMR 7.24(6). shall have a
vapor collection and control system in-
stalled, and properly operating, in accord-
ance with the following schedule(s):
I Any motor venicle fuel dispensing
facility wnicn is constructed or substan-
tially mooified after November I. 1989
shall comply with the requirements of 310
CMR 7 24(6) at the completion of its
construction or substantial modification.
or April I. 1991. whichever is later.
2. Any motor vehicle fuel dispensing
facility which has begun construction or
substantially modification on or before
November I. 1989 shall comply with the
requirements of 310 CMR 7.24(6). in ac-
cordance with the following schedule:
a. by April 1. 1991 where the annual
(calendar year) throughput of the :
vehicle fuel dispensing facility is
than or equal to 1.000.000 |
of the vapor collec-
tion and control system:
4. maintain the vapor collection and
control system such that it recovers at
least 95% by weight of motor vehicle fuel
vapors displaced during the dispensing of
motor vehicle fuel:
5. conspicuously post operating instruc-
tions for dispensing motor vehicle fuel us-
ing the vapor collection and control lyitem
in the motor vehicle fuel dispensing area.
These instruction must at a minimum
include:
a. a clear description of how to correctly
dispense motor vehicle fuel using the
system:
b. a warning not to attempt continued
refueling after automatic shutoff:
c. a telephone number to report prob-
lems experienced with the vapor collection
and control system to the Department: j
and
9-18
itheoptfv tor vehide-fuet: or
b ^ Apn, ,
throughput of the motor vchscfe tad dis-
pensing facility is less than 1.000.000 gal-
lons but greater than or equal to 500,000
gallons of motor vehicle fuel: or
c. by April 1. 1993 for any other motor
vehicle fuel dispensing facility subject to
310 CMR 7.24(6).
(e) No person shall alter.
move, or otherwise render inoperative any
element or component of the vapor collec-
tion and control system which would ren-
der it incapable of collecting at least 95%
by weight of motor vehicle fuel vapors
displaced during the dispensing of motor
vehicle fuel.
y person who owns, leases, oper-
ates or controls a motor vehicle fuel dis-
pensing facility, subject to 310 CMR
7.24(6). shall maintain a '
-------
MASSACHUSETTS AIR REGULATIONS
S-170
406:0563
ord of ihe tvpe and duration of anv fail-
ures of the vapor collection and control
system at said facility. These records snail
be kept at the facility for two yean, ana
must be made available for inspection oy
Department. EPA or local enforcement
personnel.
ig) Any person who owns, leases, oper-
ates or controls a motor vehicle fuel dis-
pensing facility, subject to 310 CMR
7.24(6). shall, upon written notice from
the Department and in accordance with
methods approved by the Department and
EPA. perform or have performed tests to
demonstrate compliance with 310 CMR
7 24(6).
(h) The provisions and requirements of
310 CMR 7.24(6) are subject to the en-
forcement provisions specified in 110
CMR 7.52.
9-19
-------
period April 15 througn Septemoer 1, commencing in calendar
year 1991 and continuing every year thereafter.
The Department shall establish or approve procedures, methods
and guidelines for the sampling and testing of gasoline for
Reid Vapor Pressure compliance and for the maintenance of
gasoline shipment: and delivery records and documentation,
including reporting requirements related thereto.
Records regarding gasoline shipments and deliveries shall
include Reid Vapor Pressure, quantity, and date of shipment
or delivery, and such other information as the Department may
prescribe. Documentation may include, without limitation,
bills of lading, invoice delivery tickets, and loading
tickets.
Each required record or documentation shall be retained by
the owner or operator of any affected facility for a period
of at least two (2) years r.nd shall be made available for
inspection by the r./artment upon request.
Blends of gasoline and oxygenate compounds are exempt from
the 9.0 Reid Vapor Pressure limitation, except that the
gasoline portion of the blend, prior to blending, shall not
be exempted.
9-20
-------
8-7-310 New Tank Phase II Requirements: All gasoline tanKS with a caoacirv greater than
1 0 cuaic rnetsr (260 gallons) ana installed arter Marcn A 1937 nust oe eauipoed
with Phase i ana II vaoor reccverv (Adootea 3/4/87 Amenaea i0/17/90)
8-7-311 Exemot Tank Requirements: Anv tanK witn a caoaatv greater tnan i 0 cuoic
meter (260 canons) wnere Phase i vaoor recovery equioment is not reauired must
be eautooea wun a suomergea fill oipe. Above grouna gasonne storage tanxs
snail be eauiooea witn a pressure-vacuum relief vaive wmcn >s set to either a
oressure witnin 10% of the maximum ailowaoie worKing pressure of the tanx or at
'east 25.8 mm Hg (0 5 osig) pressure (Adoc-tea Octooeri 7 1990)
8-7-312 Removal of Gasoline: A oerson snail not transrer or allow the transier of gasoline
from stationary tanKs into gasonne delivery vehicles unless a vaoor recovery system
that collects 95% of gasonne vaoors is usea. (Adootea Octooer 17. 1990)
8-7-100 ADMINISTRATIVE REQUIREMENTS
8-7-401 Equipment Installation and Modification: A person snail not install or modify
Phase I or Phase II gasonne vapor recovery equioment. exclusive of repair or
replacement of like pans, unless an Authority to Construct has been ootained
pursuant to Section 301 of Regulation 2. Rule 1. (Adopted Novemoer 30.1983)
8-7-402 Deleted October 17,1990
8-7-403 Deleted March 4,1987
8-7-404 Certification of New Installations: Any person wno installs cr modifies
underground Phase II vaoor recovery piping under an Authority to Construct snail
provide written certification, wnere aooiicaoie pursuant to the California Health and
Safety Code Section 41954. that the Phase II vaoor recovery system meets the
dynamic backoressure requirements. Certification shall be established by testing,
as prescribed in the Manual of Procedures. Volume IV. ST-27.
(Adooted Octooer 17,1990)
8-7-405 Compliance Schedule, Loss of Exemption: Any person exempt from Phase II
vapor recovery requirements before October 17. 1990. who operates a facility that
exclusively refuels vehicles wmch are not motor vehicles as defined by the
California Vehicle Code shall comply with the following scnedule:
405.1 By Marcn 1, 1991. submit a petition to the APCO for exemotion under
Section 8-7-112 or an application for an Authority to Construct pursuant to.
Section 301 of Regulation 2. Rule 1.
405.2 By June 1.1991, be in final compliance with this rule.
(Adopted October 17, 1990)
8-7-500 MONITORING AND RECORDS
8-7-501 Burden of Proof: The burden of proof of eligibility for exemption from this rule is
on the applicant. Persons seeKing such an exemption shall maintain adequate
records and furnish them to the APCO upon request (Adopted November 30.1983)
8-7-502 Right of Access: Any facility subject to this rule shall maintain on site the means to
provide access to any and all components as necessary to determine compliance?
with the provisions of this rule. Access shall be furnished to the APCO upon
request (Adopted October 17.1990)
S-7-600 MANUAL OF PROCEDURES
8-7-601 Determination of Equipment In Compliance with Dynamic Backpressure
Requirements and Vapor Tight: The means of determining whether equipment is
in compliance with dynamic backpressure requirements, and vapor tight shall be
evaluated as prescribed in the Manual of Procedures. Volume IV. ST-27 and ST-30.
(Amended November 30.1983. October 17,1990)
9-21
Octoberi7.-I99ff
-------
EXAMPLES OF ADDITIONAL
ELEMENTS
Signs
South Coast
New York
Topping Off
Bay Area
Information Distribution
Missouri
Testing
Massachusetts
9-22
-------
7, 198$
(Amended July
ATTACHMENT B
DISTRICT REQUIRED SIGNS
I. The operator shall post the. following signs:
(A) "NOZZLE" operating instructions:
(B) "SCAQMO" toll-free telephone number; and
(C) A "warning" stating:
TOXIC RISK - FOR YOUR OWN PROTECTION
DONOT BREATHE FUMES
DO NOT TOP TANKS"
IL All required signs shall conform to ail of the following:
(A) For decal signs:
(i) Each sign shall be located adjacent to the dispenser price
indicator .(per gallon) on each side next to the driveway it
serves; and
(ii) Sign shall be readable from a distance of 3 feet.
(B) All other signs:
(i) For pump toppers, one double-back sign per island;
(ii) For permanent (non-decal) signs, two single-sided or one
double-sided sign(s) per two (2) dispensers.-
(iii) All signsihall be readable.fraxrr a-disianc&of 6 feet.
9-23
-------
NEW YORK AIR RULES
S-104
461.0609
I 3) Caroline dispensing bite. Anv sue wnere gasoline
is disoensea into venicle inel lanxs or mio ponaoie
containers usea to fuel anv motor irom any stationary
storage containers) larger man 2:0 gallons.
(*) Gasoline transport vehicle. Anv tank truck, trailer
or railroad tank car. with a (.aoacitv of 300 gallons or
more, used for the transportation of gasoline.
(5) Annual throuenout. The amount 01 petroleum
liquid transferred into or aispensea from a defined
source or facility during 12 consecutive montns.
(6) Submerged filling. The use of a fill pipe or drop
tube whose discharge opening is entirely submerged
when the liquid is six inches aoove the bottom of the
container. For containers loaded from the side, sub-
merged filing is defined as the use of a fill pipe whose
discharge is enureiv submerged when the liquid level is
18 inches, or twice the diameter of the fill pipe, whichev-
er is greater, above the bottom of the container.
(1) Stage I vapor collection system A system where
gasoline vapors are forced from a tank into a vapor-tight
holding system or vapor control system through direct
displacement by the gasoline being loaded.
(8) State II vapor collection system. A system where
at least 90 percent, by weight, of the gasoline vapors that
are displaced or drawn from a vehicle fuel tank during
refueling arc removed to a vapor-tight holding system or
vapor control system.
(9) Substantially modified. A modification of an exist-
ing gasoline dispensing site which involves the addition
of one or more new stationary gasoline storage tanks or
the repair, replacement, or reconditioning of an existing
tank.
(10) Vapor control system. A system that prevents
emissions to the outdoor atmosphere from exceeding 4.7
grains per gallon (80 grams per 1.000 liters) of petrole-
um liquid loaded*.
230.2 Gasoline dispensing sites prohibitions and
requirements.
(a) No person may transfer or allow the transfer of
gasoline into storage tanks, at gasoline dispensing sites
located in the New York City metropolitan area, whose
annual throughput exceeds 120.000 gallons, unless the
storage tank is equipped with:
(1) a stage 1 vapor collection system consisting of a
vapor-tight return line from the storage tank, or its vent.
to the gasoline transport vehicle, and a system that will
ensure that the vapor line is connected before gasoline
can be transferred into the tank:
(2) a properly installed onsite vapor control system
connected to a vapor collection system: or
(3) an equivalent control system.
(b) A stage I vapor collection system and submerged
filling are not required for storage tanks with a capacity
less than 2,000 gallons located at gasoline dispensing
sites in New York City which were installed prior to
January I. 1970. A stage II vapor collection system is
9-24
ioi reouirea at gasonne dispensing sues that are not
subject to the stage 1 requirements or this section.
(c) No owner and /or operator 01 a gasonne dispensing
sue mav transfer or allow tne transfer 01 gasoline into a
motor vehicle fuel tank at gasoline dispensing sites
located in the New York Citv metropolitan area whose
annual througnput exceeds 250.000 gallons, unless the
gasoline dispensing site is eauipped wun a stage II vapor
collection system which must be approved by the depart-
ment before it is installed. Approval of a stage II vapor
collection svstem will be based on a determination that a
properly installed and operated system will remove at
least 90 percent by weight of the gasonne vapors that are
displaced or drawn from a vehicle fuel tank during
refueling to a vapor-tight holding system or vapor con-
trol system.
(d) Notwithstanding subdivision (b) of this section, a
stage I and a stage II vapor collection system are
required at anv gasoline dispensing sue. regardless of the
jnnual throughput of gasonne. located in the New York
City metropolitan area which is constructed after the
effective date of this Part or which is replaced or
substantially modified after the effective date of this
Part.
(e) Stationary storage tanks at gasoline dispensing
sites located in Nassau. Suffolk. Rockland or Westchest-
er County, whose annual througnput does not exceed
120,000 gallons, must be equipped for submerged filling.
(f) Owners and/or operators of gasoline storage tanks.
gasoline transport vehicles, and gasoline dispensing sites
subject to stage I and/or stage II vapor collection or
vapor control system requirements must:
(1) install aU necessary stage I and/or stage.ll vapor
collection and control systems, and make any i
tions necessary to comply with the requirenn
(2) provide adequate training and written it
to the operator of the affected gasoline dispensing site
and the gasoline transport vehicle:
(3) replace, repair or modify any worn or ineffective
component or design element to ensure the vapor-tight
integrity and efficiency of the stage I and/
or stage II vapor collection and vapor control systems;
and
(4) connect and ensure proper operation of the stage 1
and/or stage II vapor collection and control systems
whenever gasoline is being loaded, unloaded or dis-
-*
(5) with respect to stage II vapor collection systems.
conspicuously post operating instructions for the system
in the gasoline dispensing area which include:
(i) a clear description of how to correctly dispense
gasoline with the vapor recovery nozzles utilized at the
site;
(ii) a warning that continued attempts at dispensing
gasoline after the system indicates that the vehicle tank
is full may result in spillage or recirculation of gasoline:
and
4-14-89
PuHMlM by THE BUREAU OF NATIONAL ABHURS. MC_ WuMngm. O.C. 20087
37
-------
'J61 0610
STATE AIR LAWS
(in) a telephone number established bv me depart-/
mem tor use by the public to report problems exper/
icneed with the system.
vapor collection svstems musi be oenormea to ensure
the integrity ana efficiency of the svsiem
(h) The modification, removal, replacement, or addi-
tion of any element which would render the stage II
vapor collection system inoperative or impair us integri-
ty and efficiency is prohibited.
(i) Stationary storage tanks with a capacity of 250
gallons or more, installed or modified after January 1,
1979. at any gasoline dispensing site in the New York
City metropolitan area, must have a stage I vapor
collection or vapor control system.
(j) Gasoline dispensing sites in the New York City
metropolitan area, used exclusively for farm-type trac-
tors used only for agricultural purposes or snowplowmg
(other than for hire), farm equipment, including self-
propelled machines used in growing, harvesting or han-
dling farm produce, and self-propeiled caterpillar or
crawler-type equipment being operated on a contract
site, are not subject to requirements for stage I vapor
collection or vapor control systems, but must be
equipped for submerged filling.
(k) Any owner or operator of a gasoline dispensing
site which is not regulated by this Part must comply with
all other applicable Parts of this Subchapter. Certifica-
tion of stage II vapor collection system by the depart-
ment does not relieve the owner and/or operator of the
responsibility to comply with other applicable codes and
regulations pertaining to fire prevention, weights and
measures and safety matters.
2303 CasoliiM munorl whiflfi applieabiHiy.
This Part applies to owners and operators of all
gasoline transport vehicles which:
(a) deliver gasoline 10 any gasoline dispensing site
required to be equipped with a stage 1 vapor collection
system or equivalent, including such gasoline dispensing
sites located in states adjacent to New York State: or
(b) convey gasoline either to or from any gasoline
loading terminal or gasoline bulk plant, located in the
New York City metropolitan area, which is required to
be equipped with a vapor control system or equivalent
control.
230.4 Gasoline transport vehicles prohibitions and
requirements.
(a) No owner or operator of a gasoline transport
vehicle subject to this Pan will allow said vehicle to be
filled or emptied unless the gasoline transport vehicle:
(I) sustains a pressure change of not more than three
inches of water (six millimeters of mercury) in five
minutes when pressurized to a gauge pressure of 18
inches of water 134 millimeters or mercurvi and evacuat-
ed to a gauge pressure of six inches 01' water (11
millimeters of mercurvi:
(2) is repaired bv the owner or ooerator within IS
days after failing to meet the pressure cnanee standard
m this section: and
(3) displays a marking, near tne U S Deoartment of
Transportation certificate piate. in letters and numerals
at least two inches high, wmcn reads. N'YS DEC and the
date on which the gasoline transport vehicle was last
tested.
(b) All gasoline transport vehicles subject to this Part
must be tested annually by the owner or his agent, using
test methods acceptable to the commissioner. Reference
method 27 in Appendix A of 40 CFR part 60 is consid-
ered to be an acceptable method. (See table I. section
200.9 of this Title.) If the pressure-vacuum test does not
show compliance with the pressure cnanee standard, the
gasoline transport vehicle must be repaired to make the
tank vapor-tight, and retested.
(c) All gasoline transport vehicles suoiect to this Part
must undergo a pressure-vacuum test within one year
after the effective date of this Part (April 11. 1985], and
each succeeding test is to be done within one year of the
previous test.
(d) Ai the discretion of the commissioner, the require-
ments for testing and marking gasoline transport vehi-
cles subject to this Part may be satisfied if the vehicle
undergoes equivalent certification in another state.
(e) During the loading or unloading of a gasoline
transport vehicle subject to this Part, leakage from any
component of the gasoline transport vehicle, or the vapor
collection or control system, will not equal or exceedJOO-
percent of the lower explosive limit (LEL measunekta&
propane), when measured at a distance of one inch with*
a combustible gas detector. No avoidable visible liquid.
leak from such components is allowed. Components of
the transport vehicle or vapor collection or control sys-
tem include all piping, seals, hoses, connections, pres-
sure-vacuum seals, and other possible leak sources. The
combustible gas detector used for determining compli-
ance with this standard will have a minimum range of 0-
100 percent of the LEL as propane, a probe within an
internal diameter of one quarter inch (0 625 cm), and a
response time less than eight seconds with sampling line
and probe attached, and be properly calibrated.
(0 No owner or operator of a gasoline transport
vehicle subject to this Part will allow said vehicle to be
loaded under a pressure exceeding 18 inches of water
(34 millimeters of mercury) gauge, or to be unloaded
under a vacuum exceeding six inches of water (11
millimeters of mercury) gauge.
(g) Dome cavers on gasoline transport vehicles subject.
9-25
-------
201 4 Effective Juiv i. 1991. aii ooen vent oipes on stationary tanxs at gasiiie
disoensing facilities snail be eauiooea witn oressure-vacuum reuer valves.
Pressure reiiet snail oe set oetween i ana 3 .ncnes water cciumn
301 5 All Phase i vaoor recovery equioment snail oe maintamea tc oe orooenv
ooeratmg as soecmea oy tne manuracturer.
201 6 Ail Phase I vaocr recoverv equioment exceot oressure-vacuum rener vaives
snail oe maintamea to oe ieaK-rree ana vaocr tignt.
301 7 Effective Juiv i. '991. ail Phase i vaoor recoverv systems snail nave a
poppetted arvoreaK on the vaoor return
(Adootea Novemoer30.1983. Amenaed Octooer 17. 1990)
8-7-302 Phase II Requirements: A oerson suoiect to Phase il vaoor recoverv requirements
snail comoiy with an of the following requirements:
302.1 A oerson snail not transter or allow the transfer of gasonne irom stationary
tanxs into motor vemcle fuel tanKs at a gasonne disoensing racmtv unless a
GARB certified Phase il vaoor recovery system is used.
302.2 All Phase II vaoor recovery systems snail be maintained as oer most recent
CARS certifications.
302.3 All Phase II vaoor recovery equipment shall be maintained to oe oroperly
operating as soecified by the manufacturer and substantially free of defects
oursuant to Section ai960.2(c) of the California Health and Safetv Code.
302.4 Any component identified as defective but that does not suostantiaiiv impair
the effectiveness of the vaoor recovery system oursuant to Section 41960.2
(e) of the California Health and Safety Code snail be reoaired or reoiaced
within seven aavs.
302.5 All Phase II vaoor recovery equioment shall be maintained to oe lean-free
and vapor tignt. (Adopted 11/30/83. Amended 10/17/90)
> 8-7-303 Topping Off: A person snail not top off motor vehicle fuel tanks.
(Renumbered Novemoer30. 1983)
8-7-304 Certification Requirements: A person snail not offer for saie. sen or install wimm
the Oistnct. any Phase I or Phase II vapor recovery equipment uniess sucn
equipment is CARB certified.
(Amended and Renumoered 11/30/83. Amenaed 10/17/90)
8-7-305 Deleted October 17,1990
8-7-306 Prohibition of Use: Whenever the APCO determines that a Phase II vaoor recovery
system;-or any component thereof, contains a defect specified by CARB oursuanf
to Secton-41960.2(c) of the Hearth and-Safety Code,-the-APCO shall mark sucte
system-or component "Out of Order.* No person shall use or permit the use of
sucn marxed comoonent or system until it has been repaired, replaced, or
adjusted, as necessary, and the APCO has remspected it or has authorized its use
pending remsoection.
8-7-307 Posting of Operating Instructions: The operator of eacn retail facility utilizing a
Phase II system shall conspicuously post operating instructions for the system in
the gasoline dispensing area. The instructions shall clearly descnbe how to fuel
vehicles correctly with vapor recovery nozzles utilized at the station, and shall
include a warning that topping off may result in spillage or recirculation of gasoline
and is prohibited. Additionally, the instructions shall include a prominent display of
the District's or the CARB's toll free telephone number for complaints.
(Amended November 30.1983)
8-7-308 Operating Practlves: Gasoline shall not be spilled, discarded in sewers, stored in
open containers, or handled in any other manner that would result in evaporation to
the atmosphere. (Adopted November 30.1983)
8-7-309 Contingent Vapor Recovery Requirements: Facilities which are equipped with
Phase II vapor recovery must also be equipped with Phase I vapor recovery.
(Adopted March 4.1987. Amended October 17.1990)
9-26
October 17,1990.
-------
MISSOURI AIR POLLUTION RULES
S-162
426:0547
(B) Loading shall be accomplished in
such a manner that the displaced vapors
and air will be vented onlv to the vapor
recovery system. Measures shall be taken
to prevent liquid drainage trom the
loading device wnen it is not in use or to
accomplish complete drainage before the
loading device is disconnected. The vapor
disposal portion 01 the vapor recovery
system shall consist of one (I) of the
following:
I An adsorber system, condensation
system, or equivalent vapor disposal sys-
tem that processes the vapors and gases
from ihe equipment being controlled and
limits the discharge of VOC into the atmo-
sphere to 0.30 grams of VOC vapor per
gallon of gasoline loaded:
2. A vapor handling system that directs
the vapor to a fuel gas system: or
3. Other equipment ol an eificiencv
equal to greater than paragraphs (4)(B) I
or 2. if approved by the director
(C) Owners or operators of loading in-
stallations subject to this section shall
keep complete records documenting the
number ol delivery vessels loaded and
iheir owners. Records shall be kept for two
(2) yean ana shall be made available to
the director upon request.
(0) This section shall not apply to load-
ing installations whose average monthly
throughput of gasoline is less than or
equal to one hundred and twenty thousand
((20.000) gallons when averaged over the
most recent filmdar year, provided that
the '"***"***""'-louli g««n
-------
S-170
MASSACHUSETTS AIR REGULATIONS 406:0563
ora of the tvpe and duration of anv fail-
ures 01 ihe vapor collection ana conirol
system at said faciinv. These records snail
be kern at the facility lor two vears. ana
must be maae available for inspection ov
Department. EPA or local eniorcement
personnel.
(g) Anv person who owns, leases, oper-
ates or controls a motor vehicle fuel dis-
pensing facility, subject to 310 CMR
7 24(6). shall, upon written nonce from
the Department and in accordance with
methods approved by the Department and
EPA. perform or have performed tests to
demonstrate compliance with 310 CMR
7 24(6).
1 (h) The provisions and requirements of
310 CMR 7.24(6) are subject to the en-
forcement provisions specified in HO
CMR 7 52.
9-28
-------
STAGE I AND II MODEL RULES
EPA developing Stage II "model rule"
Elements of Model Rule
Definitions
Requirements for equipment
installation, operation, and
maintenance
Exemption levels
Compliance schedules
Testing requirements
Recordkeeping requirements
Mid-April timeframe
Stage I Model Rule
9-29
-------
UNDERGROUND PIPING/TEST
METHODS
-------
POTENTIAL PROBLEMS-
UNDERGROUND PIPING
Data Indicated as Much as 50 percent
of Underground Piping Not Installed
Properly
Improper Line Size
Low Points
Improper Installation
10-1
-------
Figure 4-13
Manifolded Balance System Underground
Piping
10-2
-------
ur PI PC
tit -SfCTIOH TMU
Figure 4-12. Individual Vapor Balance System
Underground Piping
10-3
-------
TEST METHODS
10-4
-------
TEST METHODS
Pressure Decay/Leak Test
Dynamic Pressure Drop Test
Liquid Blockage Test
Vapor Space Tie Test
10-5
-------
PRESSURE DECAY/LEAK TEST
Quantifies Vapor Tightness of
Vapor Recovery System at the service
Station
10-6
-------
TEST METHOD
Cap the vent pipes
Pressurize vapor piping system with
nitrogen (10 inch water column)
initially
Record final pressure after 5 minutes
Compare pressure drop to minimum
requirement
10-7
-------
FIGURE 30 -1
VENT CAP ASSEMBLY
HOSE
^\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\X
PLUG
HOSE CLAMP
VENT PIPE
10-8
-------
FIGURE 30 - 2
"T" CONNECTOR
ASSEMBLY
FROM NITROGEN SUPPLY
REGULATED TO 5 PSIG
TO RISER
3/4" X 1/2" X 3/4"
GALVANIZED OR BRASS
PRESSURE GAUGE
0-10" H20
TOSWTVEI
3/4" GALVANIZED
OR BRASS NIPPLE
10-9
-------
FIGURE 30 - 3
ALTERNATE VENT CAP
ASSEMBLY
PRESSURE GAUGE
0-10" H-.0
PLUG
HOSE
FROM N2 SUP
AT 5 PSIG
HOSE CIAMPS
VENT PIPE
10-10
-------
TABLE 30-1
GASOLINE DISPENSING FACILITY
LEAK RATE CRITERIA
INITIAL PRESSURE -10 INCHES WATER COLUMN
ULLAGE SPACE MINIMUM PRESSURE
AFTER FIVE MINUTES
(GALLONS) finches of Water)
500 3.7
600 4.5
700 5.2
800 5.8
900 6.2
1,000 6.5
1,500 7.6
2,000 8.2
2,500 8.5
3,000 8.7
3,500 8.9
4,000 9.1
4,500 9.2
5,000 9.3
7,500 9.5
10,000 9.6
15,000 9.7
30,000 9.8
Use linear interpolation for intermediate values of ullage space.
10-11
-------
DYNAMIC PRESSURE DROP TEST
Determine flow resistance through
balance vapor recovery systems at
prescribed flow rate.
10-12
-------
DYNAMIC PRESSURE DROP TEST
Test Method
- Flow gaseous nitrogen through
vapor recovery system at different
flow rates
- Measure resulting back pressures
near the nozzle faceplate
- Compare to CARB certification
criteria
10-13
-------
27-1
PRESSURE DROP TEST UNIT
CONTROL
VALVE
FILLPIPE
RISER
SHUT-OFF VALVE
NITROGEN
rYI.INnF.R
PRESSURE GAUGES
DRAIN
PHASE II
RISER
ROTAMETER
10-14
-------
NITROGEN DYNAMIC BACK
FLOWRATE PRESSURE
CFH INCHES H20
20 0.15
60 0.45
100 0.94
10-15
-------
LIQUID BLOCKAGE TEST
Detect low points in piping
configuration
Balance and Assist systems
Same as Dynamic Back Pressure Test
10-16
-------
LIQUID BLOCKAGE TEST
Test Method
- Introduce gasoline to vapor piping
and allow sufficient time for gasoline
to flow into the underground storage
tank
- Introduce gaseous nitrogen to vapor
piping at prescribed flow rates
- Liquid blockage indicated by...
1) needle pegging on the pressure
gage
2) wild pulsing of the needle
3) reading in excess of prescribed
limits
10-17
-------
VAPOR SPACE TIE TEST
Performed with Pressure Decay Test
Verifies proper installation of
underground piping
Depress Vapor Dry Breaks
10-18
-------
PERMITTING
-------
PERMITTING
11-1
-------
DETERMINATION OF REGULATED
UNIVERSE
The Agency must accurately
determine which facilities must
comply with the Stage II
program requirements.
The Agency must then develop
and maintain a program to
accurately track facilities in the
regulated universe.
11-2
-------
POA RECORDKEEPING
REQUIREMENTS
General Station File
Station Inspection Report
File
Station Enforcement File
11-3
-------
STAGE II PERMITS
Allow the Agency to maintain the
required files, etc.
Provide Facility with clear
description of the requirements
Enhance enforcement
11-4
-------
SOURCES OF FACILITY
IDENTIFICATION INFORMATION
Stage I Permit Files
Underground Storage Tank Permit
Files
Department of Weights and
Measures Files
Tax Records
Telephone Directories
Major Oil Companies
State Licensing Agencies Records
11-5
-------
PERMIT APPLICATIONS
Name and Address of Business
Owner/Operator/Lessee Name and Address
Station characteristics
operating schedule
monthly throughput
number of nozzles, hoses, and dispensers
Stage II Equipment Information
type of system
preliminary site plan including all
tanks, dispensers, piping, etc.
11-6
-------
EXAMPLES OF PERMIT APPLICATIONS
Dade County, FL
New York
New Jersey
11-7
-------
Metropolitan Dade County, Florida
Clean Air Program Stage II Vapor Recovery
System Specifications
Company Name and Address
California Air Resources Board
EXECUTIVE ORDER NUMBER
Dade County
APPROVAL NUMBER
Dispenser Manufacturer and Model
Pump Numbers)
Stage II Vapor Recovery System
Nozzle
(check Manufacturer and enter model number)
Coaxial Hose Assembly Manufacturer and Model
Liquid Removal System
Vacuum
Retractor Manufacturer and Model
Remote Check Valves
Maximum Flow Rate.
Flow Limiter
Height of Hose Loop fronr Drive- Surface-
Height of Hose Loop from Island
Inside Diameter of (galvanized) Vapor Riser
Breakaway
Date:
Name-
to
Balance Hirt Assist
Other (specify)
OPW111V- 111V-
EMCOWHEATON A4005/ RA4005
HUSKY Model V
Other ( speciM
No Yes (stxdM
p «> oc.nrefiBifir "S***":* t
^/ sx Q^^ V&CflOflV*
No Yes (socdM
gpm
No Yesfepecifri
inches
inches
inches
No Yes (specify)
DERMAirOi Ulna, 111 N.W. lat
rP
ml to:
11-8
-------
LOCATION
FACILITY
NEW YORK STATE ? '. STARRY
DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION -EU.OW. APPLICANT
HA ADO
C CHANGE
oDELETE GASOLINE STORAGE AND TRANSFER
APPLICATION FOR PERMIT TO CONSTRUCTOR CERTIFICATE TO OPERATE
5
£
C
T
1
O
N
A
NAME OF OWNER OF TANKS
NUMBER AND STREET ADDRESS
CITY- TOWN -VILLAGE
STATE
OWNER'S REPRESENTATIVE /TITLE
ZIP
TELEPHONE NO
SIGNATURE OF OWNER'S REPRESENTATIVE
FACILITY NAME
FACILITY OPERATORS NAME
FACILITY LOCATION 1 Numoer and Si reel uon«essl
CITY -TOWN -VILLAGE
Amua mraugnput-qatoune cray tqais)
5
ZIP
NUMBER OF NOZZLES
GASOLINE ONLY
E
STAGE H
5
E
C
/
1
0
N
B
STAGE I
TANK
ID
NO.
DATE
TANK
INSTALLED
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
CONTENTS
CAPACITY
(gals )
SuBmsrqed
fill
YES /NO
STAGE I
YES/NO
C T 1 O N C
DEC APPROVED STAGE JL SYSTEM XD
FAOLrTY
UTM(E)
TTT
UTMINI
SIC
NUMBER
RECOMMENDED ACTION RE; PC
OATEISI
/ /
aJBHATURE OF APPROVAL
FEE
DATE APPL REC'DI
DATE APPL.REVO
-/-/- -H-
REVIEWED BY
Rll ISSUE1 PERtHT^TO CONSTRUCT FOR SOURCE1
I. DEVIATION FROM APPROVED APPUCATKM SMALL VOID TM» PEROT
t Tears AND/OR AoomoNAL emum CONTROL EQUIPMENT MAY K
REQUIRED PRIOR TO THE ISSUANCE OF A CERTIFICATE TO OPERATE
RECOMMENDED ACTION RE: CO
1 I I INSPECTED BY
9 |"1
' I - 1
OATt
INSPECTION
:U A3 BUILT VS PERMIT,
CHAMOIS INDICATED ON PORM
3 I I ISSUE CERTIFICATE TO OPERATE FOR SOURCE
APPLICATION FOR CO OENED
DATE
IMTIALED
SPECIAL CONDITIONS.
11-9
-------
New Jersey Deoanmentot Environmeniai Protection
Bureau 01 New Source Review
APPLICATION FOR PERMIT TO CONSTRUCT. INSTALL OR ALTER STAGE II VAPOR
CONTROLS FOR TRANSFER OF SERVICE STATION FUELS AT INDIVIDUAL FACILITIES
,'Usa VEM-032B forMultlole Locationst
Instructions- Print ail information carefully in ink.
illegible applications will be oemea.
Section A Applicant Information
Comolete ootn siaes at the aooncation.
For assistance can (609) 252-6716 & asx tor the
Stage II Coordinator.
Aooucant's Name
Mailing Aadress No. & Street
C>ty State Z:aCode
'VOTE: The above information will be used to mail your approval or denial directly to you in a wmoow envelooe.
annt or tvea on the lines.
Section B Gasoline Dispensing Facility Information
Full Legal Business Nama.
Faality Location
Street
Contact Person
Current DEP ID#
City
County
Telephone No.
Facility's Local Name.
Section C
7770 information supplied on this application VEM-032A is to the best of my knowledge true and correct
NOTE: This application must be submitted with a $250 application fa* pursuant to N.J.A.C. 7.27-8.6(a).
Signature ofAuthorued Officer
Date
Name (Print or Type)
rate
Return application in pra-printed, blua envelope that was provided to: N JOEP
Bureau of New Source Review
CN 027
Trenton, N.J. 08625
NOTE: This form is to bet used for j
11-10
Ontv
FOB
Log No.
Eval.
-------
Section P
' What was the total throughput or gasoline, in canons, aisoensea tram an ianKS at tnis station :rcm Seotemoer i.
986 to August 31. 1987"»
~-tal Tnrougnput ganons
5
2. Please cnecx the cenrtied Stage II Vaoor Recovery eauioment that wnl be installed at this location, i re numoer next
3 eacn manufacturer reoresents me California executive oraer that eermied that eauioment.
Atlantic Richfield (G-70-25-AA) Chevron (G-70-53-AA1
Ernco Wheaton (G-70-17-AA) Exxon (G-70-23-AA)
Hasstecn (G-70-7-AB) Healy (G-70-70-AA)
Hirt (G-70-33-AB) Mobil
-------
= M - o 3 2 3 NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
3 a BUREAU OF NEW SOURCE REVIEW
APPLICATION FOR PERMIT TO CONSTRUCT. INSTALL OR ALTER STAGE II VAPOR
CONTROLS FOR TRANSFER OF SERVICE STATION FUELS AT MULTIPLE LOCATIONS
'nslrvcilons: ^int ail information caratuilv in mx.
tllegioia aooiieations will be aaniaa.
Section A Applicant Information
Camoiete coin s,aes or me aooacaticn.
-or assistance cail (609} 252-6716
-------
Saetlon a
. Jse ram VEM432 fSlage if for eacn location wnich aon not nave a CEP '0 Numoer. i
DE? !D 9
Facility Location idiv)
Countv
i .-.rouenout*
Gals.)
1
1
Lee Numoer
(DEP Use Onl%-
Throuinput in gallons dupautd a this location from 9-1-86 la 8-31-97.
Saetlon E
Plaasa cnecfc (only i) the camfied Staga II Vaoor Raeovwy quipmmt mat will be uwaltod at >acn. locatnn. Th«
numoar n«a to «acn manufaeturw rapraMna Uw CaWomw macutw* order Uux eaittftad that aquioinam.
Aflame RfcMwU (G-70-25-AA)
EmeoWhaann (G-70-17-AA)
Haastaeh (G-70-7-A8)
Hirt (G-TO-aSWkB)
PPW (6-700SAA)
__T«taco (G-70-38WU)
QttMf
Chavron (G-70-S3-AA)
__Ewon (G-70-23-AA)
Haaly (G-70-70-AA)
Mohu (G-70-48-AA>
*
Rad Jack
Uaiom (G-70-48-AA)
CaBLEx-Ondcf*
FOR OEPARTUENT USE ONLY OO NOT WHITE BELOW THIS UNE
Application (or authortzatton to install the above indicated Stage II vapor recovery system is
hereby: APPROVED DENIED
Reason for Denial:
^^^^M
NSR DECISION DATE:
NOTE: lf-appUcattoc
No-Fee
Application is Illegible
No Certified Controls
No Signature
BY:
Chief. Buraau of New Source Review
.approyed.jcgu will be sent form VEM-017 at a later date. Form
VEM41Z,wilMnekide your New Jersey Plant ID Numbers. New Jersey Slack Numbers.
and Certificate* Numbers. This form must be readtty available at locations above until
-vou-raceitfe»yow_VEM-017_ tonne.
11-13
-------
PERMIT CONDITIONS
Equipment Requirements
Aboveground
Underground
Monitoring Requirements
Reporting and Recordkeeping
11-14
-------
FACILITY EQUIPMENT
REQUIREMENTS
Infrastructure System
(underground piping)
Aboveground Equipment
11-15
-------
ABOVEGROUND EQUIPMENT
Certified system
Proper working order
Signs and Program
Information
Recordkeeping requirements
Observation of Use
M
11-16
-------
UNDERGROUND PIPING
Observe before covering up
Approval of Testing
"Certified" testing contractors
Engineer's approval
Frequency of Testing
Installation
5 years
Modification
11-17
-------
VERIFICATION OF FACILITY
COMPLIANCE
Permitting records
Station Operating License
System Installation and Testing
Results
Stage II Maintenance Records
Inspection Records
Compliance Records
Training Certification
11-18
-------
PERMITTING PROCEDURES
Massachusetts
New Jersey
Bay Area
San Diego
11-19
-------
MODEL PERMITTING PROCEDURES
EPA working on "model permit" as
discussed in Title V
Procedures include:
Identification of Sources
Permit forms and applications:
Operating permits
Testing Requirements
11-20
-------
INSPECTION TECHNIQUES
-------
POA REQUIREMENTS FOR
FACILITY INSPECTIONS
Minimum of 1 compliance inspection
per facility per year
- Records inspection
- Equipment inspection
mandatory follow-up at facilities
found to be in violation
Functional testing of equipment
12-1
-------
ABOVEGROUND EQUIPMENT
Certifed system
Proper working order
Signs and Program Information
Recordkeeping Requirements
Observation of Use
12-2
-------
FUNCTIONAL TESTING
REQUIREMENT
Verify facility compliance of the leak
test requirements
Conduct Dynamic Backpressure Test
Verify Facility compliance of the
Liquid Blockage Test
12-3
-------
EQUIPMENTS DEFECTS
12-4
-------
NOZZLE BOOT DEFECTS
Slit Greater than one inch in length
Triangular tear greater than one-half
inch per side
Improperly installed
Uncertified
Missing
12-5
-------
FACEPLATE DEFECT
Less than 3/4 of faceplate contacts the
fill inlet area
Improperly installed
Uncertified
Missing
12-6
-------
FACE CONE DEFECT
Less than 3/4 of the face cone is
present
Improperly installed
Uncertified
Missing
12-7
-------
CHECK VALVE DEFECTS
frozen in open position
improperly installed
missing
12-8
-------
HOSE DEFECTS
Flattened or kinked
Torn
Improperly installed
Uncertified
Missing
12-9
-------
PROCESS UNITS AND/OR VACUUM
DEVICE DEFECTS
Leaking return lines
Intermittent process
interruptions
Low return pressures
Non-operational
Missing
12-10
-------
POA TRAINING AND TESTING
REQUIREMENTS FOR
INSPECTORS
Training Program Should Cover the
Following Subject Areas:
- Purposes and Effects of Stage II
Vapor Control Programs
- System Types, Parts, Operations,
and Functions
- Inspection Requirements
- Visual and Functional
Identification Techniques of
System and Equipment Failures
- Record Review and Recording
Procedures
- Enforcement Procedures
12-11
-------
PENALTIES
Penalties
- Notices of Violations
- Warnings
Cease and Desist Orders
- Suspension od license or permit
to operate
- Revocation of license or permit
to operate
- "Tagging" equipment
12-12
-------
SUMMARY OF IMPORTANT POINTS OF
STAGE II PROGRAM
-------
HIGHLIGHTS
1990 CAAA requires Stage H :
In Particular Areas
Optional & Allowable Exemption Levels
Installation Dates
Promulgation of Onboard Rule removes some
requirements
General preamble:
Requires at least 95 percent efficient systems to be
installed
Alternative to Testing Each Station
Announces Guidance Documents
Technical Guidance Document presents emission, control
technology, costs, and implementation information
13-1
-------
REVIEW OF
FIVE AREAS OF PROGRAM GUIDANCE
TRAINING AND PUBLIC EDUCATION PROGRAMS
A METHOD TO DETERMINE WHICH FACILITIES
COMPRISE THE REGULATED UNIVERSE
DATA COLLECTION AND REVIEW TO MONITOR
COMPLIANCE AMONG REGULATED FACILITIES
PERIODIC INSPECTION OF REGULATED FACILITIES
TO INSURE COMPLIANCE WITH PROGRAM
REQUIREMENTS
A METHOD TO ENSURE REGULATED FACILITY
COMPLIANCE WITH PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS
THROUGH ENFORCEMENT MECHANISMS
13-2
-------
SUMMARY
Accurately determine facility
population
Distribution of Stations by gasoline
throughput
Best approach is to obtain area-
specific information
Technical guidance document
provides information to estimate in
absence of area-specific information
13-3
-------
SOURCES OF EMISSION
Refueling Emission Sources
Factors Influencing Emissions
Emission Estimates
Other Emission Sources
13-4
-------
REVIEW
Balance Systems
- Simple Concept
- Complex Equipment
"Untrained" User
Effectiveness of Program
- Maintenance of Aboveground
Equipment
- Underground Piping Installation
- Exemption Level
13-5
-------
SUMMARY
EPA Model Considered Good
Estimate of Stage II Costs
1991 Cost Presented
Stage II is Cost Effective
13-6
------- |