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i.
     A MICROWAVE POWER

     CONTROLLER for a

     RADIATION BIO-EFFECTS

     EXPOSURE FACILITY
    \
    O)

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

   Office of ResearcK and Monitoring

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  A MICROWAVE POWER
  CONTROLLER (or a
  RADIATION BIO-EFFECTS
  EXPOSURE FACILITY
               by
           JOSEPH S. ALI

      Twinbrook Research Laboratory
        12709 Twinbrook Parkway
       Rockville, Maryland 20852

             JUNE 1972
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
    Office of Research and Monitoring
        Wasliin^ton,D.C. 20460

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               DISCLAIMER
The mention of commercial preparations or
products in no way constitutes endorsement
by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
or its affiliates.

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                             FOREWORD


     Members of the Engineering-Physics Section at the Twinbrook Research
Laboratory have designed and installed a device that controls and moni-
tors the environmental parameters of an animal exposure chamber and
detects and measures physiological responses of the subject during micro-
wave exposure.  The system includes a double-walled lucite sphere that
serves as the exposure chamber which is located within an anechoic
chamber; an atmospheric conditioning unit that supplies a predetermined
mixture of atmospheric gas to the exposure chamber under specified con-
ditions of humidity, temperature, and velocity; a 2450 MHz microwave
exposure source; a laboratory built microwave power controller; and a
laboratory computer with auxilliary equipment that controls the system
automatically and records the subject's physiological responses for
subsequent analysis.
                                            /
     Experience has shown that normal line voltage fluctuations cause
errors as great as 20% in the microwave power being delivered to the
subject and thus reduce the validity of the experimental results.

     The microwave power controller that was designed  and built to over-
come this source of error is described in this report.  The rational:
for its design, the parts used, and the circuits are discussed.

     The system is modified as requirements change and as operational
data become available.  Additional information concerned with design
of irradiation systems and the biological effects of irradiation is
sought on a continuing basis.  The comments of individuals interested in
this system or with other aspects of radiation protection of man and
his environment are solicited.
                                            E. Regnier, Ph.D.
                                          Acting Director
                                   Twinbrook Research Laboratory
                                  111

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                               TABLE OF CONTENTS
   Foreword	    iii
   Abstract	    yii
   Acknowledgments	viii
   Introduction	      1
   Description	      3
   Theory of Operation  	      7
   Operational Experience   	     14
                                  APPENDIXES

   A.  Wiring Diagrams, Schematics and Parts Identification
         for Microwave Power Controller   	     15
   B.  Electrical Parts List for Microwave Power
         Controller	     31
                                   FIGURES

   1.  Block Diagram of the 2450 MHz Irradiation Facility	     3
   2.  Front Panel of the Microwave Power Controller
         Control Chassis  	     4
   3.  Rear Panel of the Microwave Power Controller
         Control Chassis  	     7
   4.  Block Diagram of the Microwave Power Controller	     8
   5.  Chassis on the Environmental Control Package	    12
   6.  Motor Mounted on the Varian Generator	    13
A- 1.  Inter-Chassis Wiring Diagram	    16
A- 2.  Cable PL 8 and PL 1 Wiring Diagram	    17
A- 3.  Control Chassis Wiring Diagram (Circuit Boards and
         Rear Panel)  	    18
A- 4.  Control Chassis Wiring Diagram (Front Panel)	    19
A- 5.  Board 1 Schematic	    20
A- 6.  Board 2 Schematic	    21
A- 7.  Board 3 Schematic	    22
A- 8.  Board 4 Schematic	    23
                                       IV

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A- 9.  Chassis on Environmental Control Package  (+28 V
         DC Power Supply- and the Power Amplifier) Schematic  ...   24
A-10.  Chassis on Environmental Control Package
         (Control Circuits) Schematic  	   25
A-ll.  Parts Identification   Board 1	    [   26
A-12.  Parts Identification   Board 2  	 ........   27
A-13.  Parts Identification   Board 3  	 ......   28
A-14.  Parts Identification   Board 4	.  .  .  .  .   29
                               TABLES

   1.  Microwave Power Controller Specifications   	   2
                                 v

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                                 ABSTRACT
      This paper is a complete documentation of a microwave power
controller for use with a Varian Associates Model PPS-2.5 AS high
power industrial generator developed to improve the operating
characteristics of our 2450 MHz irradiation facility.  The paper
includes theory of operation, photographs, circuit schematic draw-
ings, wiring diagrams and a parts list of the controller.  The con-
troller makes the RF power output insensitive to low frequency line
voltage fluctuations and also permits the RF power output to be
programmed automatically.
                                   VII

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                   ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The author would like to express his appreciation for the
assistance of Mr. Daniel L. Dawes in the measurement of
the mechanical parameters of the Varian generator.

The efforts of the Information Services Section, Office of
Information, BRH in the preparation of the drawings and
photographs are appreciated.
                           Vlll

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                             INTRODUCTION

     One of the functions of this laboratory is to examine the potential
hazards of microwave radiation by studying its effects on biological
specimens.  The microwave radiation delivered to the specimen must be
closely controlled in order to acquire meaningful data and to assure
the reproducibility of the results.  In our 2450 MHz irradiation
facility, microwaves are generated by a 3000 watt Varian Associates
Model PPS-2.5 AS high power microwave generator.  The high voltage
power supply in this unit is unregulated and, therefore, the output
power fluctuates as the line voltage varies*  During long-term exposures
(16 hours), the output power has varied as much as 20%.

     A microwave power controller having the specifications given in
Table 1 was therefore developed to automatically negate the effects of
line voltage fluctuations.  The controller also permits the exposure
time and the RF waveform to be programmed manually or automatically
through a data acquisition system provided that the waveform has a video
bandwidth no larger than approximately 2 Hz.

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                              TABLE 1

            MICROWAVE POWER CONTROLLER SPECIFICATIONS
Operating Voltage                                 105-125 V AC

Line Regulation21 (± 10%)                             0.11

Temperature Coefficient (20-30° C)                   0.1%/°C.

Stability^ of Microwave Power            ± 1.5% of set point with no
  Output (48 hours)                      noticeable (to 0.2%) continual
                                         accumulation of drift after
                                         48 hours

Servo Bandwidth                                        2 Hz

Servo Deadbandc                                      ± 150 W

Resolution of Readout (Digital
  Panel Meter)                                        10 W
     a"Line Regulation" is defined as the maximum percentage change
in the microwave power output caused by a ± 10% change in line
voltage either to the Microwave Power Controller, the Varian gener-
ator, or both.

      Excluding transients of less than one second duration.

     cFor errors greater than 150 W,the correction time is limited by
the 2-Hz servo bandwidth.  For errors less than 150 W, the error will
be corrected by the integrator (OA 3).  The maximum time before a
correction occurs is approximated by t = 30/A where t is the time
before a correction in seconds and A is the error in watts.

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                               DESCRIPTION
 General

      The Microwave Power Controller (MFC) is part  of the 2450 MHz
 irradiation facility which is depicted in Figure 1.   The MPC can
 be operated either in  a manual or computer mode.   In the computer
 mode, the MPC accepts  commands from the data acquisition system (DAS)
 and in turn adjusts the output power of the Varian generator in a
 closed loop fashion by means of a 0   10 V signal  from a digital to
 analog converter channel in the DAS.  The microwave  power is sensed
 by an analog to digital converter channel in the DAS.   There are also
 several control and sense lines between the DAS and  the MPC.  These
 allow the RF to be turned on and off, sense whether  the RF is ready
 to be turned on, interrupt the DAS processing if the MPC goes "out of
 regulation," and sense whether the MPC is switched in the manual or
 computer mode.

      In the manual mode, the RF is activated and deactivated by push-
 button switches, and the RF level is adjusted by a potentiometer.
      COMMAND SIGNAL
      MICROWAVE POWER SENSE
           CONTROL & SENSE
   DATA
ACQUISITION
SYSTEM (DAS)
            LINES
              MICROWAVE
                POWER
              CONTROLLER
                                       MICROWAVE POWER
                COMMAND
              CONTROL & SENSE
                                        LINES
 VARIAN
MICROWAVE
GENERATOR
 2450 MHZ
 3.0 kW CW
                                 MICROWAVE POWER
                                     SENSE
                                                I        	
            ENVIRONMENTAL
             PARAMETER
 COMMANDS

ENVIRONMENTAj.
              PARAMETER
               SENSE
ENVIRONMENTAL
   CONTROL
   PACKAGE
                             AIR  IN
                                         AIR_OUT
                                                        ANECHOIC
                                                        CHAMBER
                                                        23 ft. long\
                      PHYSIOLOGICAL  DATA
  Figure 1.  Block Diagram of the 2450 MHz  Irradiation Facility.

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     The MFC together with the Varian generator is a feedback control
system that maintains the microwave power output at a level determined
by a reference.  The MFC generates a voltage that is dependent on  the
difference between the reference level desired and the power actually
being generated.  This error voltage is applied to a motor which is
coupled to a three-phase Powerstat^ variable autotransformer in the
Varian generator.  The Powerstat controls the high voltage applied to
the magnetron tube and thus the microwave power.  The microwave power
is sampled through a 25 dB crossgu'ide coupler and 30 dB of attenuation
with a crystal detector.  The output of the crystal is signal con-
ditioned and compared with the reference.  The power level is indicated
on the front panel by a digital panel meter.
Front Panel Controls and Indicators

     The front panel of the MPC control chassis is shown in Figure 2.
         >  0
           -
                                      L~—J
                                                                 •

               Figure 2.  Front Panel of the Microwave
                 Power Controller Control Chassis.

LINE   The line switch (push on - push off action) applies power to the
control chassis directly and also to the Varian generator and the Power
Amplifier Power Supply through a relay.

LINE INDICATOR   The line indicator is illuminated when line voltage is
applied to the Varian generator.

WATER INDICATOR   The water level indicator is illuminated only when
line voltage is applied to the Varian generator and sufficient water
is contained in the reservoir to cool the magnetron tube.

TEMP INDICATOR   This indicator extinguishes if the temperature of the
magnetron exceeds a safe level.
     Superior Electric Co.

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 FIL ON   The magnetron filament is  energized by pressing  the  red  fila-
 ment switch (momentary action).

 FIL OFF   The magnetron filament is de-energized by pressing  the  black
 filament switch (momentary action).

 FIL INDICATOR   The filament indicator is illuminated when power  is
 applied to the filament of the  magnetron tube.

 READY INDICATOR   The ready indicator is illuminated after several con-
 ditions have been met:   The filament has had sufficient time  to heat
 (about two minutes);  the two doors  into the irradiation facility  are
 closed;  the overload relay in the Varian generator has not been tripped;
 and the timer enable/disable switch is in the disable position or the
 switch is in the enable position and the timer  has been set.
                                              i
 OVERLOAD   The overload switch  (momentary action)  resets  the  overload
 relay and returns the generator to  the "ready"  state if the conditions
 under the paragraph Ready Indicator are met.

 OVERLOAD INDICATOR   The overload indicator is  illuminated when the over-
 load relay has been tripped.  This  relay is activated when there  is
 excessive plate current through the magnetron.

 TIMER   The timer is  used to program an exposure duration into the MFC
 when the controller is  in the manual mode.

 MANUAL/COMPUTER   The manual /computer switch selects the  mode of  opera-
 tion of  the controller.   In the manual mode,  the reference is derived
 internally and the duration of  the  exposure is  controlled through push-
 button switches or through the  timer.   In the computer mode,  the  power
 level  reference is supplied externally by the DAS.   The RF power  can
 be  switched on or off automatically in the  computer mode;  however, the
 front panel push buttons will also  operate  in the  computer mode.

 ENABLE/DISABLE   This switch is used when the MFC  is in the manual mode
 to  place the timer in the circuit to permit exposures  of  preset dura-
 tion.  When the switch  is in the disable position,  the RF,  once switched
 on, must be switched  off manually.

RF  ON   The RF on switch (momentary  action)  is used to turn on the
microwaves  when the MFC  is  in the manual mode.   The switch is  operative
 only when the  ready indicator is illuminated.

RF  OFF   The RF off switch  (momentary action) is used  to  turn  off the
microwaves  when the MFC  is  in the manual mode.   The switch will function
when the MFC is  in the computer mode  if necessary.

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DEVIATION METER   The deviation meter  is used  to  indicate  the  error
between  the  actual  forward power and the desired  power  level.  Each
minor division represents 6 watts.

POWER    The  power control is a ten-turn potentiometer used to  adjust
the microwave power over the range of  0 to 3.0 kW.

RF ON INDICATORS (TWO)   These red indicator  lamps are illuminated when
the RF is on.  The  RF on indicator nearest the power control is a flash-
ing indicator to provide a readily apparent indication that the generator
is fully energized.

OUT OF REGULATION INDICATOR   This amber indicator is illuminated when
a failure in the MFC has occurred and  the output has departed  signifi-
cantly from  the desired value.

OUTPUT POWER (DIGITAL PANEL METER)   This meter indirectly indicates the
transmitted  RF power level.  A calibration curve has been  determined
to convert the meter readings into watts of transmitted power  (see sec-
tion on  crystal detector below).


Rear Panel Connectors

     The rear panel of the MFC control chassis is shown in Figure 3.

J^   BNC, Female.  J., is the external reference input.

J    BNC, Female.  J2 is the 0   10 V analog signal proportioned to
forward microwave power.

J    Amphenol Micro-Ribbon connector, Female.  J, carries control and
sense lines  from the DAS to the control chassis.

J.   BNC, Female.  J  is the input from the crystal detector.

Jg   BNC, Female.  Jr is the output to the power amplifier.


J6   Amphenol Blue Ribbon Connector, Female.   J? carries control and
sense lines  from the control chassis to the chassis on the Environmental
Control Package.

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            J2
      J*- •>    J5
             o
      /  ^
                                   -


                                           •


        Figure  3.   Rear Panel  of the Microwave  Power  Controller
         Control  Chassis.
                        THEORY OF OPERATION


     A block diagram of the MPC  is  shown  in Figure 4.  Functionally
the MPC can be thought of as a power  leveller and as a remote control
terminal.  The two functions interact in  only a few cases.


Control Circuitry

     As is evident from the preceding description of the front panel
controls and indicators, the Varian generator can be operated remotely
from the MPC front panel.  The front  panel wiring is shown in Appendix
A, Figure A-4.  To achieve remote control operation, each normally open
switch in the Varian generator (see Appendix A Figure A-10) was paralled
by another normally open switch; a normally closed switch was added in
series to each normally closed switch, and indicator lights were added
in parallel to existing lights.

     All of the generator remote switches are manually operated.  How-
ever, the RF on and RF off functions  can be controlled by the DAS when
the MPC is in the computer mode.

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                                                                                                                                        oo
r
    EXT. REF.
    FROM DAS
                                                                        FRICTION
                                                                      COMPENSATION
                                                                         OA5-6
                                                                          GAIN
                                                                      COMPENSATION
                                                                          OA7
                                                                                       CHASSIS ON
                                                                                   ENVIRONMENTAL
                                                                                        CONTROL
                                                                                        PACKAGE
   2SdB
CROSSGUIDE
 COUPLER
                                      COMPARATORS
                                         OA9-10
                                            TO DAS
I     CONTROL CHASSIS                           iw UA:,
                                                                      	
                                                                                                                         30dB
                                                                                                                     ATTENUATION
                                                                                                                       CRYSTAL
                                                                                                                       DETECTOR
              MICRO-
              WAVES
                                                                                                                   VARIAN GENERATOR  I
                          Figure 4.   Block Diagram of the Microwave  Power Controller.

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      In addition to these basic control circuits,  the following control
 circuits are used:

 Priority Interrupt    Relay K2  (see Appendix A Figure A-6)  is  energized
 if the integrator output exceeds 10 V in magnitude.   This  relay is  con-
 nected to a priority interrupt line on the DAS.  The integrator output
 voltage does not exceed 10 V under normal operation  because of the
 integrator time constant.

 Integrator and Reference Line Disable   When the RF  is off, the re-
 ference line and integrator must be disabled.   These functions are per-
 formed by K4,  Qi, and Ki  (see Appendix A Figure A-6).   These circuits
 must  be disabled when the RF is off to prevent the generation  of an
 unwanted error signal.
 Power  Leveller

 Reference  Generator   The  internal reference generator (see Appendix A
 Figure A-6)  consists  of parts  R5,  C]_,  DI}  and R£.   D^  is  a 10-V zener
 diode  used as  the  reference.   The  voltage  cross  Dj  is  divided with a
 ten-turn potentiometer,  Rg.  If the MFC is in the manual  mode,  the volt-
 age at the wiper of Rg is  then applied to  OA 1.

 Differential Amplifier (OA 1)    OA 1  (see  Appendix  A Figure A-6)  is
 used as  a  unity gain  differential  amplifier which generates an  error
 voltage  proportional  to  the difference between the  reference voltage
 (either  internally generated or externally supplied) and  the feedback
 voltage  derived from  the crystal detector.   This error voltage  is  dis-
 played on  the  deviation  meter  (M 1) which  is calibrated to 6 watts  per
 division.

 Summing  Amplifier  (OA  2)   The output  of OA 1 is fed to the summing
 amplifier  (OA  2).   QA  2  (see Appendix  A Figure A-6)  inverts the output
 of OA  1  so that the integrator output  and  the proportional error volt-
 age have the correct sign  relationship.  In addition,  another input can
 be applied to  OA 2  through Rg.   This  input line is used  only when  the
 RF is  off, and it serves to keep the autotransformers  in  the Varian gener-
 ator at  the  zero power position.  Having the Powerstat wipers in the
 zero power position prevents damage to them when the RF is switched on.

 Integrator (OA  3)   The  integrator  (see Appendix A Figure A-6)  maintains
 the average  output  power at the set value.   An error that might not
 otherwise be large  enough  to overcome  the deadband of  the  system will,
with the integrator, be  integrated through  the deadband initiating  a
 correction.  The integrator is  also used to  activate the  "out of regula-
 tion"  indicator by  energizing 1(3 when  the integrator output exceeds  10 V.
A complementary driver (Q2, Q%)  is needed to drive K2  and K^ since  the
 integrator output can be of either polarity.

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 10
Swnming Amplifier  (OA 4)   OA 4  (see Appendix A Figure A-7) is used as
a unity gain summing amplifier to sum the integrated and proportional
error voltages.

Gain Compensation  (OA 7)   A nonlinear relationship was determined exper-
imentally between  the Powerstat angular position and the microwave power
output.  Output microwave power changed much more by a unit angular
rotation at high power levels than at low levels.  The forward gain was
not constant and in fact increased as the output power increased.  This
situation is highly undesirable in a servomechanism for it could cause
either a large deadband or an oscillatory system depending on the con-
stant value of forward gain selected.

OA 7 (see Appendix: A Figure A-7) is a gain compensation circuit which,
along with OA 9 and 10, correct for the nonlinearity in output power
vs. Powerstat shaft angle.  R25 and R26 divide the output voltage of
OA 4 by ten.  This is done to use OA 7 with a gain greater than one.
At low power levels both Q4 and Q$ are off and therefore the voltage
at the output of OA 4 equals the output of OA 7 (effective gain = 1).
At higher power levels, Q4 is switched on, thus reducing the effective
gain from OA 4 through OA 7 to one-half.  The reduction in gain was
chosen to first compensate for the increase in gain between the Power-
stat shaft angle and output power.  At still higher power levels, as
the generator gain increases still further, OA 5 is switched on to
compensate for this further increase.

A graph of power out vs. Powerstat shaft position indicated that only a
three line approximation to the curve was needed.  The slope of each
line was translated into the compensating gain needed to make the over-
all forward gain constant, and the intersections of the linear approxima-
tions were translated into the output power at which the gain should be
changed.  This last function is performed by OA 9 and OA 10.

Comparators (OA 9 and OA 10)   The comparators (see Appendix A Figure A-7)
are used in conjunction with OA 7 to change the forward gain to compen-
sate for the change in sensitivity of power output vs. Powerstat shaft
angle.   The comparator reference voltages are set for values determined
from the curve of power out vs. shaft angle, which has been approximated
by three straight  lines.  OA 9 and 10 sense the signal proportional to
microwave power and change the gain of OA 7 at the preset power levels.
The gain changes are effected at approximately 250 W and at 1.37 kW.

Friction Compensation (OA 53 OA 6)  The Powerstat shaft on the Varian
generator has a large amount of friction due primarily to the pressure of
the wipers on the Powerstat coils.  The friction was measured and found
to be 100 in.-oz.  This friction would be detrimental to the operation

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                                                                     11
of the servomechanism if left completely uncompensated because it would
introduce a large deadband into the system.  If the deadband were to be
eliminated simply by increasing the forward gain, the system would be
oscillatory.  Although the friction varies with Powerstat shaft angle,
a good deal of the deadband can be eliminated simply by applying an
extra 80 in.-oz to the Powerstat shaft.

This friction compensation signal is generated by OA 5 and 6 (see
Appendix A Figure A-8) and their associated components.  Two stages are
necessary since the shaft can rotate in either direction.  R,Q and R^g
determine how many watts error is to be allowed before the compensation
signal is generated.  R,r and Rr? establish the level of the compensation
signal.  The gain compensation stage is bypassed by the friction com-
pensation stages because the friction torque is approximately constant
with shaft position.  The friction compensation circuits reduce the dead-
band by a factor of about five.

Summing Amplifier (OA 8)   OA 8 (see Appendix A Figure A-8) acts as a
summing amplifier for the gain compensated error signal and the friction
compensation signal.  The gain of this stage is adjustable through R56-

Power Amplifier (OA 14)   Substantial current is required to drive the
Printed Circuit Motor1 (Motor 1).  OA 14 (see Appendix A Figure A-9) in
conjunction with the power bridge (Qg-u)2 supply this high current
capability (see Figure 5).  Only one power supply is needed for this
circuit providing economy in cost and space.  Qg-n are mounted on
Wakefield Model NC-421A heat sinks since the power dissipation of each
transistor can be as high as 50 W.

Motor   The motor used to drive the Varian generator Powerstat shaft is
a printed circuit DC motor.  The motor is shown mounted on the Varian
generator in Figure 6.  The motor was chosen for its low inertia
(0.099  oz.-in. sec.2) and high torque capability thus permitting a short
response time.

Crystal Detector   The crystal detector is a Boonton Electronics Corp.
Model 41-4A.  This detector was chosen because of its excellent tempera-
ture stability when operated with a load impedance of approximately 10
megohms.  The temperature-induced drift in the detector output voltage
was approximately 0.05%/°Cover the temperature range of 15 to 28QC and
over the power range of -10 to +10 dBm with an output load impedance of
10 megohms when measured in our laboratory.  However, this detector does
     1Printed Motors, Inc.
     2See Analog Devices, Inc., Model 408 Data Sheet

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12
     Figure 5.  Chassis on the Environmental Control Package

have the disadvantage that its output voltage is not linear with res-
pect to the input microwave power.  A calibration curve has therefore
been determined to relate the digital panel meter readout to the
microwave power being transmitted from the 10 dB horn antenna.

FET Input Amplifier (OA 11)   Since the detector described above should
operate with a high impedance load for optimum temperature stability,
a special operational amplifier is necessary to acquire the signal appear-
ing across this impedance.  The bias current of bipolar operational
amplifiers would generate an excessive offset voltage if it were to pass
through R57 (Appendix A, Figure A-5), the high impedance load.  Field
effect transistor (FET) input operational amplifiers, however, are well
suited for this purpose because their input bias current is orders of
magnitude lower than that of bipolar operational amplifiers.  In addi-
tion since the minimum signal level of interest from the Booton detector
is 100 mV, the 25 yV/°C offset voltage drift specification of Analog
Devices Model AD516K is more than adequate.

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                                                                     13
                     :  _
           Figure 6.  Motor Mounted on the Varian Generator.
Active low Pass Filter  (OA 12)   OA 12  (see Appendix A Figure A-5) is
a low-pass filter with  a bandwidth of about 70 Hz.  The function of this
and the following circuit  (OA 13) is to attenuate the detected modula-
tion frequencies of the RF output.  Since the high voltage power supply
in the Varian generator is unfiltered and the filament supply voltage
is sinusoidal, there is about 101 RMS ripple with major components at
120, 360, and 720 Hz.   The low-pass filter attenuates the 360 and 720
components to acceptable levels.

120 Hz Notch Filter (OA 13)   Measurement of the spectral content of the
modulation indicated a  5% RMS 60 Hz component in the unmodified Varian
generator.  The addition of a full-wave bridge in the filament circuit
of the magnetron tube doubled the frequency of this component to 120 Hz.
An active notch filter1 (see Appendix A Figure A-5) was used to eliminate
this component in the detected signal.
     !See Motorola, Inc., Application Note N. AN-438.

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14
                          OPERATIONAL EXPERIENCE

       The Microwave Power Controller has simplified the reproduction of
  a desired field intensity at a given location by providing a digital
  panel meter (DPM)  readout of transmitted RF power.   Previously a power
  measurement had to be taken for each irradiation, subject to variations
  due to dipole misalignment.  With the MPC,  an experimenter notes the
  coordinates of his subject and the readout  on the DPM.  A field inten-
  sity measurement is taken with a dipole antenna and a power meter where
  the subject is to be located.  If he wishes to rerun his experiment, he
  simply places his  subject in position after adjusting the DPM readout to
  the value he noted from his initial run.

       To aid in repositioning a subject accurately,  members of our labora-
  tory have designed a laser mount which allows experimenters to place a
  small helium-neon laser in alignment with the throat and waveguide of the
  transmitting horn antenna.   This provides a simple and convenient means
  of locating the axis of the horn antenna.  Thus, for on-axis irradiations,
  only the distance  from the transmitting horn antenna must be measured to
  define an exposure location.

       The closed loop control has been particularly useful in cases where
  a field in the anechoic chamber must be known over an area.  Typically
  an investigator must position the probe,  take a reading, shut down the
  RF power, reposition the probe, turn the power on and take a new reading,
  etc.   Using the MPC the investigator has  only to push the "RF on" button
  and the transmitted power is quickly reproduced without significant
  drift.

       Other features of the MPC which have proved useful are the "slow
  turn on" circuitry, the door interlocks,  and the remote control operation.
  The "slow turn on" circuitry (R?>  g^  g>  13   u  15  C2> D2) has greatly
  reduced pitting of the autotransformers  in  the Varian generator.   Pre-
  viously, if the "RF on" button on the Varian console was depressed while
  the autotransformers were not set for zero  output voltage,  the resulting
  large current transient would pit the auto trans former windings.  With
  the MPC, R        insure that the autotransformer is returned to the zero
            /,  o, y
  output voltage position when the RF power is switched off.   When the RF
  is switched on, the remaining components  insure that the turn-on will be
  gradual with a time constant of about 2  seconds.  The door interlocks
  have  been found essential for personnel  safety.  The interlocks are wired
  so that if either  the door to the anechoic  chamber or the door to the
  generator area is  opened, the microwave power is immediately switched off
  and will remain off whether or not these  doors are then closed.

       Lastly,  having the MPC located in a control room has been found con-
  venient.  The control room houses  the data  acquisition system and the
  environmental control console;  therefore, the entire system operation
  can be monitored from one location.

-------
                                                 15
         APPENDIX  A
WIRING DIAGRAMS, SCHEMATICS
             AND
    PARTS IDENTIFICATION
             FOR
 MICROWAVE POWER CONTROLLER

-------
  CABLE PL 11-COAX
    CABLE PL 10 - COAX
    CABLE PL 2-TWO5COND.
                DATA
             ACQUISITION
               SYSTEM
          J4 p.
CONTROL
CHASSIS
                        CABLE PL 3-COAX
Ps CABLE PL 5-COAX   P7
            P6 CABLE PL1-30COND. P6
         CABLE
         PL 4
         3-COND.
        Pll
7  CHASSIS ON
ENVIRONMENTAL
<>   CONTROL
                                    PACKAGE
                                  j<
     no VAC
     &GND
   CABLE PL12-2COND.
                                       CABLE PL 7-2 COND.
P,  CABLE P18-30COND. P,
                                                                     10
                         VARIAN
                       MICROWAVE
                       GENERATOR
                                                                       10
                                 CABLE
                                 PL 6
                                 3-COND.
                              110 VAC
                              &GND

        A-l.   Inter-Chassis Wiring Diagram.
                                CABLE
                                PL 9
                                4-COND.
                           220V-3*
                            &GND

-------
SPARES^
SPARES
P9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
BLACK
RED
BLACK
WHITE
BLACK
GREEN
BLACK
BLUE
BLACK
YELLOW
BLACK
BROWN
BLACK
ORANGE
RED
WHITE
RED
GREEN
RED
BLUE
RED
YELLOW
RED
BROWN
RED
ORANGE
GREEN
WHITE
GREEN
BLUE
                           PL 8
P10
                                             Varion Wire
                                                and
                                            Part Numbers
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
J
K
L
M
N
P
R
S
T
U
V
w
X
Y
z
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
k
1
m
> Series
with S-7
2
1
19
20
> Series with
S-2: K to S-3;
22J'°"
"X^Series with S-4:
37 \ M to S-4;
30>^ RtoS-5
26
*\ Series
S with S-8
                                                                   SPARES
P6 PL
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
BLACK ^
RED
BLACK -^
WHITE -^
BLACK ^_
GREEN "^
BLACK ^
1
-<:

BLUE
BLACK -^ ^
YELLOW ^ ^
BLACK -..._, ^
BROWN ^ ^*
BLACK -^ _-
ORANGE ^
RED ^ ^
WHITE "^
RED -> ^
GREEN "^
RED ^
BLUE -^"
RED ^
YELLOW ^^
RED ^^
BROWN
RED -^
ORANGE
GREEN -^
WHITE ^
GREEN ^^
BLUE -^

-^c








P8
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
                               A-2.  Cable  PL 8 and PL 1 Wiring Diagram.

-------
                                                                                            00
BOARD 1
          
-------
U6  -
11J6 -«
13J6 -*•
UJ6 -*•
                 RESET
                                     B BOARD 2    12J6    3J3
                                                                                                        RF ON
                                OUT OF ^
                            REGULATION (^.
                      WATER    H BOARD 2
                                                                                                            15J6
                                                                                                            16J6
                                                                             560U   TIMER ENABLE DISABLE
                                                                                            SW6
                                                                                                       S BOARD 2



                                                                                                            J1
                                                                    SW8  RF OFF
                                                                          O	
                                                                                        19J6


                                                                                        20J6
                                                                                                       F BOARD 2
                                                                                                  DEVIATION
                                                                                                  METER
                                                                                                       C BOARD 1
   OVERLOAD
5) 16
                                                                                                  DPM
                            A-4.  Control Chassis Wiring Diagram  (Front Panel).

-------
            N
R-*
                 FET INPUT
                 AMPLIFIER
ACTIVE LOW
PASS FILTER
ACTIVE 120 HZ
NOTCH FILTER
                                          A-5.   Board 1  Schematic

-------
DIFFERENTIAL  AMP
  SUMMING  AMP
A-6.  Board  7. Schematic,
INTEGRATOR

-------
                                          GAIN COMPENSATION
COMPARATOR
COMPARATOR
                A-7.   Board 3 Schematic.

-------
                                       -15
M -*
                                                                      SUMMING  AMP.
                                FRICTION  COMPENSATION



                             A-8.   Board 4 Schematic.
                                                                                                      O-J

-------
            Ti  8
                                                                                                        K)
110V AC
        2
        _J_

        4
        5

        6 O°
           O
        7 O*
        28V DC POWER SUPPLY
                       -15V  27J8
"fOK

1
\
1
.112 r
R76L
                                               .H2
                                                                                  -*-llOV@ 10 A
                                                                                  -*- TO MOTO R  1
                                             POWER AMPLIFIER
          A-9.   Chassis on Environmental Control Package  (+28 V DC Power Supply
             and the Power Amplifier) Schematic.

-------
      IP10     mPlO
       u
                     nov AC
1T1
3T1
3J8  —-


4J8  -«-
          »N»-
         1
          ?
              LINE

              K9
12J8


20J8 -*
23J8
21J8 -*•
22J8 -*•
 6J8 -*
 6J9  -»•
             K6
          vOOQt^
                 MAN
AUTO
               READY SENSE
                                         16J9 16J8 25J8   26J8
                                                            TO FLASHING
                                                           WARNING LIGHT 112 19J8
                                                                                 12J9


J


1 ,
T (

i
RF|

i




K4
OFF
1













_^"








<
K8|






                                          RFON
                                                 K5
                                                       RFON
                                                       SENSE
                                                                                          }
                                                                   TO DOOR
                                                                   INTERLOCKS
                                                                   S9-10
                                                                                       2J8  1J8
                                                                                                   4J9
                                                                                              -»-  2J9
                                                                                          5J8
                                                                                       8J8 i i 7J8
                                                                                                   5J9


                                                                                                   7J9
                                                                                                   8J9
                                                                                     10J8
                                                                                        til
                                                                                       11J8
                                                                                            L
                                                                                                   9J9
                                                                                               *-  10J9
                                                                                     '4J81  M3J8
                                                                                                  11J9

                                                                                                  13J9
                                                                                                  14J9
            A-10.   Chassis on Environmental Control Package  (Control Circuits)  Schematic.
                                                                                                          NO
                                                                                                          in

-------
26
                ^^^^^

                £ -sragi
                *
Sgi+br.
                      '
                                             ill
                  A-ll.  Parts Identification -  Board 1

-------
                                                   27
A-12.  Parts Identification - Board 2.

-------
28
                                                                     OA,
                   A-13.  Parts  Identification  - Board  3.

-------
                        29
1 41
42
I

•

_ 	 __
R,£
'* 45


-Q6
   , >
ifiwrrr/ir
                         l3
      A-14. Parts Identification - Board 4.

-------
                                                31
        APPENDIX B
  ELECTRICAL PARTS LIST
           FOR
MICROWAVE POWER CONTROLLER

-------
    32
                        APPENDIX B--ELECTRICAL PARTS LIST
Sjymbol
                                                Description
C7
C
 8
 '10
 '11
 '12
 '13
 '14
 '15
 '16
 '17
D,,
D
D
3-4
'5-6
D7-8
D,
 9-12
                Capacitors
                    Diodes
D
 13-14
.1 [iF, 50 V Disc
200 (iF, 25 V, Electrolytic
2 |iF, 50 V, Metallized Film
12 pF, 500 V, 10%, Dipped Mica
1 |iF, 200 V, Metallized Film
.05 (iF, 50 V, Disc
.5 [iF, .50 V, Mylar
.1 |iF, 50 V, Mylar
.0047 iiF, 200 V, Mylar
.47 M-F. 200 V, Mylar
.033 |iF, 200 V, Metallized Film
.15 tiF, 200 V, Mylar
.01 |j.F, 200 V, Metallized Film
.0022 [iF, 200 V, Metallized Film
.05 |iF, 50 V, Disc
21,000 |iF, 40 V, Electrolytic
.001 |iF, 200 V, Mylar

Zener, 1N4740A, 10 V,  1 W, 5%
Zener, 1N4728A, 3.3 V, 1 W, 5%
Silicon, 1N914
Zener, 1N4745A, 16 V,  1 W, 57»
Zener, 1N4738A, 9.2 V, 1 W, 5%
Molded Bridge Rectifier, MOTOROLA MDA 962-3
Silicon, 1N914

-------
Symbol
                                                                           33
Description
                    Fuses
                                      10 A  3AG  SLO-BLO

                                      1 A   SAG  Fast-BLO
              Indicator  Lamps
    .-5
  L7-8
  L10
   11
  "12
Neon Lamp, Amber, Leecraft 32R-2113T

Incandescent Lamp, 6 V, 200 mA, White
  Leecraft 32R-G1-2115T

Neon Lamp, Amber/  Leecraft 32R-2113T

Neon Lamp, Red,  Leecraft 32R-2111T

Flashing Neon Indicator, Red,  Dialco
  928-1422-1631-638

Flashing Neon Indicator, Amber,  Dialco
  928-1422-1633-638

Incandescent Lamp, 25 W, 110 VAC
  K
   1-3
  K
   '4-6
  K
   7-8
  K
                   Relays
SPST, Reed Relay, 6y, Fhipps Precision
  Products, Model TA-6

SPOT, COIL 120 VAC, Potter and Brumfield
  Model KNP-5A21-120 AC

SPOT, COIL 12 VDC, Potter and Brumfield
  Model RS5D-12VDC

DPDT, COIL 120 VAC, Potter and Brumfield
  Model MR 11A-120VAC
 M
                   Meters
DC Microammeter, 50-0-50, General
  Electric Model 185-112-CYCY

Digital Panel Meter, 0-1.999 Volts DC
  Analogic Model AN2510-2B-1-RX-CX-A

-------
  34

Symbol
                        Description
  Motor 1
                   Motors
                        Printed Motors, Inc. Model U16M4, Printed
                          Circuit Motor
  OA
    1-10
  OA
    11
  OA
    12-13
  OA
    14
            Operational Amplifiers
                        Frequency Compensated Operational Ampli-
                          fier, Fairchild UGE7741393

                        PET-Imput Operational Amplifier, Analog
                        Devices, Model AD516K

                        Same as OA
                        Power Operational Amplifier, Analog
                          Devices, Model 408
   '1-2
   4-5
   8-11
  R
   1-4

   5
  R7
   Transistors

                        2N3904   Silicon NPN

                        2N3906   Silicon PNP

                        MEM 511, Field Effect Transistor, P
                          Channel, Enhancement Mode

                        2N3906   Silicon MP

                        M3904   Silicon NPN

                        2N3055,  115 W, Silicon NPN

     Resistors
(all  resistors i W,  5%,  Carbon Composition unless  otherwise noted)

                        100 k ohms

                        1 k ohms

                        10 k ohms,  10 turn, w±rewound, Amphenol
                          2151 D

                        15 k ohms


                        620 ohms

-------
                                                                           35


Symbol	Description	


              Resistors (con't)


  Rg                                  620 ohms



  R                                   10 k ohms



  R^3                                 15 k ohms


  R ,                                 12 k ohms
   14


  R-,.                                 Ik ohms


  Rig                                 820 ohms, ^  W, 5%, Carbon Composition


  R, 7                                 100 k ohms, Cermet Trimmer, Beckman,
                                        76 PR 100 k


  R..g                                 100 ohms


  R                                   10 k ohms, Cermet  Trimmer, Beckman,
   19                                   76 PR 10 k


  ROQO-I                              470 ohms, —  W, 57,, Carbon Composition


  R                                   10 k ohms
   22-24


  R9 _                                 2.7k ohms


                                      300 ohms


  R                                   10 k ohms
   27


                                      1 k ohms, Cermet Trimmer, Beckman 76 PR IK


  R                                   100 k ohms
   29-30


  R                                   5k ohms
   31


  &.,„                                 5 k ohms, Cermet Trimmer, Beckman 76

                                        PR 5K

-------
   36



Symbol	Description
              Resistors  (con't)


  R33_34                              100 k ohms



  R_j.                                 10 k ohms



  Roc                                 100 k ohms
   ->b


  R37-38                              Same as R,


  R_Q                                 10 k ohms



  R,Q                                 Sames as



       2                              82 k ohms


  R                                   47 k ohms
   43


  R,,                                 10 k ohms



  R^5                                 Same as R3



  R f                                 100 k ohms
   46


  R                                   10 k ohms
   47


  R.g                                 Same as



  R49-50                              82 k °hms


  R                                   47 k ohms



  R ~                                 10 k ohms



  R53                                 Sames as R^



  R                                   100 k ohms
   54-55


  R,-fi                                 500 k ohms, Cermet Trimmer, Beckman

                                        76 PR 500 K

-------
Symbol
                                                                            37
*5
R59
R
 60
R
 61
^63
^4-65
 66-67
R
 68
R
 69
R
R
70
71
R72
R73
R74-83
R84-87
K.no
R
 "89
              Resistors (cont'd)
                                                   Description
 6.8  Megohms
 10 k ohms
 Same as  R
 1.8  Megohms
 1 Megohms, Cermet  Trimmer,  Beckman 89XRlMeg
 2.2  Megohms
 1 k  ohms
 47 k ohms
 1 k  ohms
 Same  as R
 2.8k ohms
 Same  as R, q
 27 k  ohms
 9.7 k ohms
 300 ohms
 .1 ohm, 5W, 1%, Dale RH-5  series
 10 k  ohms, 1/4 W, 1%, Metal Film
560 ohms
 120 ohms
 100 k ohms

-------
 38

Symbol
Description
   2-4
  °6

  S7-8

  S9-10
                  Switches
SPOT, PUSH ON-PUSH  OFF, ALCO MSP-105D


SPOT, Momentary, ALCO MSP-105F


4PDT, ON-NONE-ON,   ALCO MST-405N


SPDT, ON-NONE-ON, ALCO MST-105D


Same as 82

Microswitch Limit Switch, Model 1LS1
  Timer 1
                     Timer
Synchro-Motor  Timer  Liebel-Florsheira
  Co., Cat.  No.  4270600 Model 2 D
                   Transformer
                                       Stancor Power Supply Transformer Model
                                         RT-2012
                                             * U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 1972—484-487/314

-------
                 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
                OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND MONITORING
                 TWINBROOK RESEARCH LABORATORY
The technical publications issued by the Twinbrook Research
Laboratory report results of intramural and contract pro-
jects.  A limited number of the reports are distributed to
regional, state, and local radiological health agencies, to
universities and libraries, to other government and private
agencies, and to interested individuals.

The Twinbrook Research Laboratory technical reports listed
below are available from the National Technical Information
Service, Springfield, Virginia 22151.  Microfiche copies are
$0.95 and paper copies are $3.00 unless otherwise noted.  The
PB number should be cited when ordering publications from
NTIS.
PB 207 079       Krypton 85:  A Review of the Literature and
                 an Analysis of Radiation Hazards (January 1972)

PB 208 233       Microwave Energy Absorption in Tissue
                 (February 1972)

PB               Twinbrook Research Laboratory Annual Report
                 1971 (May 1972)

PB               A Microwave Power Controller for a Radiation
                 Bio-Effects Exposure Facility  (June 1972)

-------