United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Environmental Monitoring
and Support Laboratory
PO. Box 15027
Las Vegas NV89114
EPA-600/3-79-065
June 1979
Research and Development
Distribution of
Phytoplankton in
Missouri  Lakes

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                   RESEARCH  REPORTING SERIES

 Research reports of  the  Office of  Research  and Development, U.S.  Environmental
 Protection Agency, have been grouped into nine series. These nine broad categories
 were established to facilitate further development  and application of  environmental
 technology.  Elimination  of traditional grouping was  consciously  planned to foster
 technology transfer and maximum interface in related fields. The nine series are:


       1.  Environmental Health Effects Research
       2.  Environmental Protection Technology
       3.  Ecological Research
       4.  Environmental Monitoring
       5.  Socioeconomic Environmental Studies
       6.  Scientific and  Technical  Assessment Reports (STAR)
       7.  Interagency Energy—Environment  Research and Development
       8.  "Special" Reports
       9.  Miscellaneous Reports
 This report has been assigned to the ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH series.  This series
 describes research on the effects of pollution on humans,plant and animal species, and
 materials. Problems are assessed for their long-and short-term influences. Investiga-
 tions include formations,  transport, and  pathway studies to determine the fate of
 pollutants and their effects. This work provided the technical basis for setting standards
 to minimize undesirable changes  in living organisms in the aquatic, terrestrial, and
 atmospheric environments.
This document is available to the public through the National Technical Information
Service, Springfield, Virginia  22161

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                                           EPA-600/3-79-065
                                           June 1979
DISTRIBUTION OF PHYTOPLANKTON IN MISSOURI LAKES

                      by

  M. K.  Morris*, W. D.  Taylor, L. R.  Williams,
   S. C. Hern, V. W. Lambou, and F. A.  Morris*

          Water and Land Quality Branch
         Monitoring Operations Division
 Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory
            Las Vegas,  Nevada  89114
       *Department of Biological  Sciences
         University of Nevada, Las Vegas
            Las Vegas, Nevada  89154
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND SUPPORT LABORATORY
      OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
     U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
           LAS VEGAS, NEVADA  89114

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                                 DISCLAIMER
     This report has been reviewed by the Environmental  Monitoring and
Support Laboratory-Las Vegas, U.S. Environmental  Protection Agency, and
approved for publication.  Mention of trade names or commercial  products does
not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use.

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                                  FOREWORD
     Protection of the environment requires effective regulatory actions
which are based on sound technical and scientific information.   This
information must include the quantitative description and  linking of
pollutant sources, transport mechanisms, interactions, and resulting  effects
on man and his environment.  Because of the complexities involved, assessment
of specific pollutants in the environment requires a total  systems approach
which transcends the media of air, water, and land.   The Environmental
Monitoring and Support Laboratory-Las Vegas contributes to the  formation  and
enhancement of a sound monitoring data base for exposure assessment through
programs designed to:

          •  develop and optimize systems and strategies for monitoring
             pollutants and their impact on the environment

          •  demonstrate new monitoring systems and  technologies by
             applying them to fulfill special monitoring needs  of the
             Agency's operating programs

     This report presents the species and abundance  of phytoplankton  in the
6 lakes sampled by the National  Eutrophication Survey in the State of
Missouri, along with results from the calculation of several  commonly used
biological indices of water quality and community structure. These data  can
be used to biologically characterize the study lakes, and as baseline data
for future investigations.  This report was written  for use by  Federal,
State, and local governmental agencies concerned with water quality analysis,
monitoring, and or regulation.  Private industry and individuals similarly
involved with the biological aspects of water quality will  find the document
useful.  For further information contact the Water and Land Quality Branch,
Monitoring Operations Division.
                              GeorgB/ Morgan
                                  Director
               Environmental  Monitoring and Support Laboratory
                                  Las Vegas
                                     m

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                                    CONTENTS
 Foreword	   jii
 Introduction  	     ]
 Materials and Methods  	     2
      Lake and Site Selection	     2
      Sample Preparation  	     2
      Examination 	     3
      Quality Control  	     4
 Results  	     5
      Nygaard's Trophic  State Indices  	     5
      Palmer's  Organic Pollution  Indices   	      5
      Species Diversity  and Abundance  Indices  	     7
      Species Occurrence and  Abundance  	     9
Literature Cited  	    10
Appendix A.  Phytoplankton Species list for the State
             of Missouri	    11
Appendix B.  Summary of Phytoplankton Data 	    14

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                                INTRODUCTION
     The collection and analysis of phytoplankton  data  were  included  in  the
National Eutrophication Survey in an effort to determine  relationships
between algal  characteristics and trophic  status  of individual  lakes.
     During spring, summer, and fall of 1974,  the  Survey  sampled  179  lakes in
10 States.  Over 700 algal  species and varieties  were identified  and
enumerated from the 573 water samples examined.
     This report presents the species and  abundance of  phytoplankton  in  the
6 lakes sampled in the State of Missouri (Table 1).  The  Nygaard's Trophic
State (Nygaard 1949), Palmer's Organic Pollution  (Palmer  1969), and species
diversity and abundance indices are also included.
          TABLE 1.  LAKES SAMPLED IN THE STATE OF MISSOURI
STORET No.
 Lake Name
 County
   2901
   2902
   2903
   2904
   2905
   2906
Clearwater Lake
Pomme de Terre Reservoir
Stockton Reservoir
Lake Taneycomo
Thomas Hill Reservoir
Wappepello Reservoir
Reynolds
Polk, Hickory
Dade, Polk, Cedar
Taney
Macon, Randolph
Wayne, Butler

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                            MATERIALS AND METHODS
LAKE AND SITE SELECTION
     Lakes and reservoirs included in the Survey were selected through
discussions with State water pollution agency personnel  and U.S.  Environmental
Protection Agency Regional Offices (U.S. Environmental  Protection Agency
1975).  Screening and selection strongly emphasized lakes with actual  or
potential accelerated eutrophication problems.  As a result, the  selection was
limited to lakes:

     (1) impacted by one or more municipal sewage treatment plant outfalls
         either directly into the lake or by discharge to an inlet tributary
         within approximately 40 kilometers of the lake;

     (2) 40 hectares or larger in size; and

     (3) with a mean hydraulic retention time of at least 30 days.

Specific selection criteria were waived for some lakes of particular State
interest.

     Sampling sites for a lake were selected based on available information on
lake morphemetry, potential major sources of nutrient input, and  on-site
judgment of the field limnologist (U.S. Environmental Protection  Agency 1975).
Primary sampling sites were chosen to reflect the deepest portion of each
major basin in a test lake.  Where many basins were present, selection was
guided by nutrient source information on hand.  At each sampling  site, a
depth-integrated phytoplankton sample was taken.  Depth-integrated samples
were uniform mixtures of water from the surface to a depth of 15  feet
(4.6 meters) or from the surface to the lower limit of the photic zone
representing 1 percent of the incident light, whichever was greater.  If the
depth at the sampling site was less than 15 feet (4.6 meters), the sample was
taken from just off the bottom to the surface.  Normally, a lake  was sampled
three times in 1 year, providing information on spring, summer, and fall
conditions.


SAMPLE PREPARATION

     To preserve the sample 4 milliliters (ml) of Acid-Lugol's solution
(Prescott 1970) were added to each 130-ml sample from each site at the time of
collection.  The samples were shipped to the Environmental Monitoring and
Support Laboratory, Las Vegas, Nevada, where equal volumes from each site

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were mixed to form two 130-rnl  composite samples  for a  given  lake.   One
composite sample was put into  storage and  the  other was  used for the
examination.

     Prior to examination, the composite samples were  concentrated  by the
settling method.  Solids were  allowed to settle  for at least 24 hours prior to
siphoning off the supernate.  The volume of the  removed  supernate  and the
volume of the remaining concentrate were measured and  concentrations
determined.  A small (8-ml) library subsample  of the concentrate was  then
taken.  The remaining concentrate was gently agitated  to resuspend  the
plankton and poured into a capped, graduated test tube.   If a preliminary
examination of a sample indicated the need for a more  concentrated  sample, the
contents of the test tube were further concentrated by repeating  the  settling
method.  Final concentrations varied from 15 to  40 times the original.

     Permanent slides were prepared from concentrated samples after analysis
was complete.  A ring of clear Karo® corn syrup  with phenol  (a few crystals of
phenol were added to each 100 ml of syrup) was placed on a glass slide.  A
drop of  superconcentrate from the bottom of the test tube was placed in the
ring.  This solution was thoroughly mixed and topped with a coverglass.  After
the syrup at the edges  of the coverglass had hardened, the excess was scraped
away and the mount  was  sealed with clear fingernail polish.  Permanent diatom
slides were prepared by drying sample material on  a coverglass, heating in a
muffle furnace at 400°  C for 45 minutes, and mounting in Hyrax®.  Finally, the
mounts were sealed  with clear fingernail polish.

     Backup samples, library samples,  permanent  sample  slides, and
Hyrax-mounted diatom slides are being  stored and maintained at the
Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory-Las Vegas.


EXAMINATION

     The  phytoplankton  samples were  examined with  the aid of binocular
compound  microscopes.   A preliminary examination was  performed to  precisely
identify  and  list all forms encountered.   The length  of this examination
varied depending  on the complexity of  the  sample.   An attempt  was  made to  find
and  identify  all  of the forms present  in each sample.   Often forms were
observed  which  could  not be identified  to  species  or  to genus.  Abbreviated
descriptions  were used  to  keep a  record of  these forms  (e.g.,  lunate cell,
blue-green  filament,  Navicula #1).   Diatom  slides  were  examined using a
standard  light  microscope.  If greater  resolution  was essential to accurately
identify the  diatoms, a phase-contrast microscope  was used.

      After  the  species  list was compiled,  phytoplankton were enumerated using
a  Neubauer  Counting Chamber with  a 40X  objective lens and a 10X ocular lens.
All  forms within  each field were  counted.   The  count  was continued until  a
minimum  of  100  fields had  been viewed,  or  until  the dominant form  had been
observed  a  minimum  of 100  times.
 ®Registered  trademark

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QUALITY CONTROL

     Project phycologists performed Internal  quality control  intercomparisons
regularly on 7 percent of the species identification and counts.  Although an
individual  had primary responsibility for analyzing a sample, taxonomic
problems were discussed among the phycologists.

     Additional quality control  checks were performed on the  Survey samples by
Dr. G. W. Prescott of the University of Montana at the rate of 5 percent.
Quality control checks were made on 75 percent of these samples to verify
species identifications while checks were made on the remaining 25 percent of
the samples to verify genus counts.  Presently, the agreement between quality
control checks for species identification and genus enumerations is
satisfactory.

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                                   RESULTS


     A phytoplankton species list for the State  is  presented  in  Appendix A.
Appendix B summarizes all  of the phytoplankton data collected from  the  State
by the Survey.  The latter is organized by  lake, and includes an alphabetical
phytoplankton species list with concentrations for  individual  species given by
sampling date.  Results from the application of  several  indices  are presented
(Nygaard's Trophic State, Palmer's Organic  Pollution, and species diversity
and abundance).  Each lake has been assigned a four-digit STORET number.
(STORET (STOrage and RETrieval) is the U.S. Environmental  Protection Agency's
computer system which processes and maintains water quality data.)   The first
two digits of the STORET number identify the State; the last  two digits
identify the lake.


NYGAARD'S TROPHIC STATE INDICES

     Five indices devised by Nygaard (1949) were proposed under  the assumption
that certain algal groups are indicative of levels  of nutrient enrichment.
These indices were calculated in order to aid in determining  the surveyed
lakes' trophic status.  As a general rule,  Cyanophyta, Euglenophyta, centric
diatoms, and members of the Chlorococcales  are  found in waters that are
eutrophic (rich in nutrients), while desmids and many pennate diatoms
generally cannot tolerate high nutrient levels  and  so are found  in
oligotrophic waters (poor in nutrients).

     In applying the indices to the Survey  data, the number of taxa in  each
major group was determined from the species list for each sample.  The  ratios
of these groups give numerical values which can  be  used as a  biological index
of water richness.  The five indices and the ranges of values established  for
Danish lakes by Nygaard for each trophic state  are  presented  in  Table  2.   The
appropriate symbol, (E) eutrophic and (0) oligotrophic, follows  each
calculated value in the tables in Appendix  B.  A question mark (?)  following a
calculated value in these tables was entered when that value  was within the
range of both classifications.


PALMER'S ORGANIC POLLUTION  INDICES

     Palmer (1969) analyzed reports from 165 authors and developed  algal
pollution indices for use in rating water samples with high organic pollution.
Two lists of organic-pollution-tolerant forms were  prepared,  one containing
20 genera, the other, 20 species (Tables 3  and  4).   Each form was assigned a
pollution index number ranging from 1 for moderately tolerant forms to  6 for

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  TABLE 2.  NYGAARD'S TROPHIC STATE INDICES ADAPTED FROM HUTCHINSON (1967)
Index
Calculation
Oligotrophic     Eutrophic
Myxophycean
Chlorophycean
Di atom
Euglenophyte
Compound
Myxophyceae
Desmideae
Chlorococcales
Desmideae
Centric Diatoms
Pennate Diatoms
Eugl enophyta
Myxophyceae + Chlorococcales
Myxophyceae + Chlorococcales +
0.0-0.4
0.0-0.7
0.0-0.3
0.0-0.2
0.0-1.0
0.1-3.0
0.2-9.0
0.0-1.75
0.0-1.0
1.2-25
                Centric Diatoms + Euglenophyta
                        Desmideae
TABLE 3.  ALGAL GENUS POLLUTION INDEX
          (Palmer 1969)
                     TABLE 4.  ALGAL SPECIES POLLUTION
                               INDEX (Palmer 1969)
Genus
Anacystis
Ankistrodesmus
Chlamydomonas
Chi orel la
Closterium
Cyclotella
£uglena
Gomphonema
Lepocinclis
Melosira
Micractinium
Navicula
Nitzschia
Oscillatoria
Pandorlna
Phacus
Phormidium
Scenedesmus
Stigeoclonium
synedra
Pollution
Index
1
2
4
3
1
1
5
1
1
1
1
3
3
5
1
2
1
4
2
2
Species
Ankistrodesmus falcatus
Arthrospira jenneri
Chlorella vulgaris
Cyclotella meneghiniana
Euglena gracilis
Euglena viridis
Gomphonema parvulum
Melosira varians
Navicula cryptocephala
Nitzschia acicularis
Nitzschia palea
Oscillatoria chlorina
6scillatorfa limosa
Oscillatoria princeps
Oscillatoria putrida
Oscillatoria tenuis
Pandorina morum
Scenedesmus quadricauda
Stigeoclonium tenue
Synedra ulna
Pollution
Index
3
2
2
2
1
6
1
2
1
1
5
2
4
1
1
4
3
4
3
3

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extremely tolerant forms.   Palmer based  the index  numbers  on  occurrence
records and/or where emphasized by the authors  as  being  especially tolerant of
organic pollution.

     In analyzing a water sample, any of the 20 genera  or  species of  algae
present in concentrations  of 50 per milliliter  or  more  are recorded.  The
pollution index numbers of7the algae present are totaled,  providing a genus
score and a species score.  Palmer determined that a  score of 20 or more for
either index can be taken  as evidence of high organic pollution, while a score
of 15 to 19 is taken as probable evidence of high  organic  pollution.  Lower
figures suggest that the organic pollution of the  sample is not  high, that the
sample is not representative, or that some substance  or factor interfering
with algal persistence is present and active.


SPECIES DIVERSITY AND ABUNDANCE INDICES

     "Information content" of biological samples is being  used commonly by
biologists as a measure of diversity.  Diversity in this connection means the
degree of uncertainty attached to the specific  identity of any randomly
selected individual.  The greater the number of taxa  and the  more equal their
proportions, the greater the uncertainty, and hence,  the diversity  (Pielou
1966).  There are several  methods of measuring  diversity,  e.g.,  the formulas
given by Brillouin (1962)  and Shannon and Weaver (1963).  The method  which is
appropriate depends on the type of biological sample  on hand.

     Pielou (1966) classifies the types  of biological samples and gives the
measure of diversity appropriate for each type. The  Survey phytoplankton
samples are what she classifies as larger samples  (collections in Pielou's
terminology) from which random subsamples can be drawn.  According  to Pielou,
the average diversity per individual (H) for these types of samples can be
estimated from the Shannon-Wiener formula (Shannon and  Weaver 1963):

                                S

                         H  =  -E P! iogx Pi
                               1-1


where P is the proportion of the ith taxon in the  sample,  which is  calculated
from n-j/N; ni is the number of individuals per  milliliter of  the ith
taxon; N is the total number of individuals per ml; and S  is  the total number
of taxa.  However, Basharin (1959) and Pielou (1966)  have  pointed out that H
calculated from the subsample is a biased estimator of the sample H,  and if
this bias is to be accounted for, we must know  the total number of  taxa
present in the sample since the magnitude of this  bias  depends on it.

     Pielou (1966) suggests that if the  number  of  taxa  in  the subsample falls
only slightly short of the number in the larger sample, no appreciable error
will  result in considering S, estimated  from the subsample, as being  equal to
the sample value.  Even though considerable effort was  made to find and
identify all taxa, the Survey samples undoubtedly  contain  a fair number of
rare phytoplankton taxa which were not encountered.

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      In the Shannon-Wiener formula, an increase in the number of taxa and/or
 an increase in the evenness of the distribution of individuals among taxa will
 increase the average diversity per individual from its minimal value of zero.
 Sager and Hasler  (1969) found that the richness of taxa was of minor
 importance in determination of average diversity per individual  for
 phytoplankton and they concluded that phytoplankton taxa in excess of the 10
 to 15 most abundant ones have little effect on H.  This was verified by our
 own calculations.  Our counts are in number per milliliter and since
 logarithms to the base 2 were used in our calculations, H is expressed in
 units of bits per individual.  When individuals of a taxon were so rare that
 they  were not counted, a value of 1/130 per milliliter or 0.008 per milliliter
 was used in the calculations since at least one individual of the taxon must
 have  been present in the collection.

      A Survey sample for a given lake represents a composite of all
 phytoplankton collected at different sampling sites on the lake during a given
 sampling period.  Since the number of samples (M) making up a composite is a
 function of both the complexity of the lake sampled and its size, it should
 affect the richness-of-taxa component of the diversity of our phytoplankton
 collections.  The maximum diversity (MaxH) (i.e., when the individuals are
 distributed among the taxa as evenly as possible) was estimated from Iog2 S
 (Pielou 1966), while the minimum diversity (MinH), was estimated from the
 formula:


               MinH  =  -^lloq  I"  N - (S-1)  loo   N - (S-D
               MinH        N  Iog2 N       N       Iog2     N

 given by Zand (1976).  The total  diversity (D) was calculated from HN (Pielou
 1966).  Also given in Appendix B are L (the mean number of individuals per
 taxa  per milliliter) and K (the number of individuals per milliliter of the
 most  abundant taxon in the sample).

      The evenness component of diversity (J) was estimated from H/MaxH
 (Pielou 1966).  Relative evenness (RJ) was calculated from the formula:


                              RJ  =   H-MinH
                                     MaxH-MinH

given by Zand (1976).  Zand suggests that RJ be used as a substitute for both
J and the redundancy expression given by Wilhm and Dorris (1968).   As pointed
out by Zand, the redundancy expression given by Wilhm and Dorris does not
properly express what it is intended to show, i.e., the position of H in the
range between MaxH and MinH.  RJ may range from 0 to 1; being  1  for the most
even samples and 0 for the least even samples.

u    Zand (1976) suggests that diversity indices be expressed  in units of
 sits , i.e., in logarithms to base S (where S is the total  number of taxa  in
the sample)  instead of in "bits", i.e., in logarithms to base  2.  Zand points
out that the diversity index in sits per individual  is  a normalized number
ranging from 1 for the most evenly distributed samples  to 0  for  the least
evenly distributed samples.  Also, it can be used to compare different
samples, independent of the number of taxa in each.   The diversity in bits  per


                                      8

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individual  should not be used  in direct  comparisons  involving  various samples
which have different numbers of taxa.  Since  MaxH  equals  log S, the expression
in sits is equal  to logs s> or !•  Therefore  diversity  in sits per
individual  is numerically equivalent  to  J,  the  evenness component for the
Shannon-Wiener formula.
SPECIES OCCURRENCE AND ABUNDANCE

  The alphabetic phytoplankton species list  for each lake,  presented  in
Appendix B, gives the concentrations of individual  species  by sampling date.
Concentrations are in cells, colonies, or filaments  (CEL, COL,  FIL) per
milliliter.  An "X" after a species name indicates  that the species identified
in the preliminary examination was in such a low concentration  that it did not
appear in the count.  A blank space indicates that  the  organism was not  found
in the sample collected on that date.  Column S is  used to  designate  the
examiner's subjective opinion of the five dominant  taxa in  a sample,  based
upon relative size and concentration of the  organism.   The  percent column  (%C)
presents, by abundance, the percentage composition  of each  taxon.

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                              LITERATURE CITED
Basharin, G.  P.   1959.   On  a  statistical  estimate  for  the  entropy of a
     sequence of independent  random  variables,  pp.  333-336.   In:  Theory of
     Probability and Its Applications  (translation  of  "Teoriya  Veroyatnosei  i
     ee Premeneniya").   N.  Artin (ed).   4.   Society for Industrial  and
     Applied  Mathematics,  Philadelphia.

Brillouin, L.  1962.  Science and Information  Theory (2nd  ed.).  Academic
     Press, New York.  351  pp.

Hutchinson, G. E.   1967.  A Treatise on  Limnology.   II.  Introduction to Lake
     Biology and the Limnoplankton.   John Wiley and Sons,  Inc., New York.
     1,115 pp.

Nygaard, G.  1949.   Hydrobiological  studies of some Danish ponds and lakes.
     II.  (K danske Vidensk.  Selsk.)  Biol. Sci. 7:293.

Palmer, C. M.  1969.  A composite rating of algae tolerating organic
     pollution.  J. Phycol.  5:78-82.

Pielou, E. C.  1966.  The measurement of diversity in different types of
     biological collections.   J. Theor.  Biol.   13:131-144.

Prescott, G. W.  1970.  How to Know the  Freshwater Algae.   William C. Brown
     Company, Dubuque.  348 pp.

Sager,  P. E., and A. D. Hasler.  1969.  Species diversity in lacustrine
     phytoplankton.  I.  The components  of the index of diversity
     from Shannon's  formula.  Amer. Natur.  103(929):51-59.

Shannon,  C.  E., and  W.  Weaver.   1963.  The Mathematical Theory of Commu-
     nication.  University of Illinois Press, Urbana.  117 pp.

U.S. Environmental   Protection Agency.  1975.  National Eutrophication  Survey
     Methods  1973-1976.  Working Paper No. 175.  Environmental Monitoring and
     Support  Laboratory, Las  Vegas, Nevada, and Corvallis Environmental
     Research Laboratory, Corvallis, Oregon.  91 pp.

Wilhm,  V. L., and T. C. Dorris.  1968.  Biological  parameters  for water
     quality criteria.  Bio-Science.  18:477.

Zand,  S.  M.   1976.   Indexes  associated with information theory in water
     quality.   J. Water Pollut.  Contr. Fed.  48(8):2026-2031.
                                     10

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                     APPENDIX A




PHYTOPLANKTON SPECIES LIST FOR THE STATE OF MISSOURI
                         11

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Aehnanthes mierooephala
Aotinastrum graailimum
Anabaena sp.
Ankistrodesmus faloatus
Anksitrodesmus faloatus
   v. acioularis
Ankistradesmus faloatus
   v. mirabilis
Aphanizomenon flos-aquae
Aphanotheoe sp.
Asterionella formosa
Asterionella formosa
   v. graoillima
Carteria sp.
Ceratium hirundinella
   f. braohyceTas
Ceratiwn hirund-inella
   f. furooides
Chlamydomonas sp.
Chlorogon.'iwn sp.
Chroomonas aouta
Closteriim sp.
Cooooneis sp.
Coelastrum ccvribviewn
Coelastrum m-ieroporum
Coelastrum retieulatwn
Coelastrum vetieulatum
   v. polyohovdon
Coelastnm sphaericum
Coelosphaerium pallidum
Cosmapium clepsydra
   v. nanum
Crucigenia apiaulata
orueigenia quadrata
Cruaigenia  tetrapedia
Cryptomonas  erosa
Cryptomonas  erosa
   v. reflexa
Cryptomonas  reflexa
Cyalotella meneghi-niana
Cyolotella  stell-Lgera
Cymatopleupa solea
Cymbella aymbiformis
Cymbella turgiguta
Dactyloooeaopsis  sp.
Diatoma vulgare
Dictyosphaerium pulehellum
Dinobryon bavariaum
Dinobryon divergens
Dinobryon sooiale
Euastrum dent-iculatwn
Euglena acus
Euglena ehrenberg'ii
Euglena graoilis
Euglena oxyicris
   v. minor
Euglena subehrenbergii
Euglena tripteris
Fragilaria erotonensis
Franceia sp.
Glenodinium aei,auliferum
Glenodin-ium gyrnnodinium
Glenodinium gyrmodinium
   v. biseutelHforme
Glenodinium ooulatum
Glenodinium penardiforme
Gomphonema olivaaeum
Gomphosphaeria
Gyrrtnodinium albulum
Gyrosigrna sp.
Hantzschia amphioxys
Kirahneriella  lunaris
Lagerheimia ehodati  ?
Lagerheimia quadriseta  ?
lepoeinolis sp.
Lyngbya sp.
Mallomonas sp.
Melosira distems
Melosira granulata
Melosira granulata
   v. angustissima
Melosira varians
Meridian ciroulare
Merismopedia glauoa
Merismopedia minima
Merismopedia punatata
Merismopedia  tenuissima
Mesostigma viridis
Miaraatiniwn  ? sp.
Microaystis aeruginosa
Miorocystis inoerta
Moug&otia  sp.
Navicula salinarum
Nitzschia  aaicularis
Nitzschia  filiformis
Nitzsahia  tryblionella
   v.  debilis
Oooystis  sp.
Osoillatoria  limnetioa
Pandovina  morum
                                      12

-------
Pediastrum biradiatum
Pediastrum biradiatum
   v. longecornutum
Pediastrum duplex
   v. retioulatum
Pediastrum simplex
Pediastrum simplex
   v. duodenarium
Pediastrum tetras
   v. tetraodon
Peridinium aoiouliferum  ?
Peridinium inoonspiouum
Peridinium quadfidens
Phaaus acwninatus
Phaeus caudatus
Phaeus curvieauda
Phaeus longiaauda
Phaeus megalopsis
Raphidiopsis curvata
Saenedesmus dbundans
Soenedesmus acuminatus
Soenedesmus arcuatus
Soenedesmus bioaudatus
Soenedesmus bijuga
Soenedesmus denticula,tus
Soenedesmus dentioulatus
   v. lineaoris
Soenedesmus dirnorphus
Soenedesmus intermedius
Soenedesmus intermedius
   v. bioaudatas
Scenedesmus quadriaauda
Soenedesmus quadriaauda
   v. quadvisp-ina
Sohroederia setigera
Skeletonema potamos
Sphaerooystis schroeteri
Staurastvum sp.
Stephanodisous astraea
   v. minutula
Stephanodisous niagarae
Surirella angusta
Synedi'a aaus
Synedra capitata
Synedra delioatissima
Synedra delioatissima
   v. angustissima
Synedra ulna
Tetraedron aonstriotum
Tetraedron graoile
Tetraedron lirmeticum
Tetraedron minimum
Tetraedron minimum
   v. serobioulatum
Tetraedron mutioum
Tetraedron trigonum
   v. graoile
Tetraedron trigonum
   v. papilliferum
Tetrastrum staurogeniaeforme
Traahelomonas fluviatilis
Traohelomonas hispida
Traohelomonas intermedia
Traohelomonas jaoulata
Traohelomonas volvooina
Treubaria setigerum
Treubaria triappendioulata
                                     13

-------
                 APPENDIX B.  SUMMARY OF PHYTOPLANKTON DATA


     This appendix was generated by computer.   Because it  was only possible  to
use upper case letters in the printout, all  scientific names are printed  in
upper case and are not italicized.

     The alphabetic phytoplankton lists include taxa without species names
(e.g., EUNOTIA, EUNOTIA #1, FLAGELLATE, FLAGELLATES, MICROCYSTIS INCERTA  ?,
CHLOROPHYTAN COCCOID CELLED COLONY).  When species determinations were not
possible, symbols or descriptive phrases were used to separate taxa for
enumeration purposes.  Each name on a list, however, represents a unique
species different from any other name on the same list, unless otherwise
noted, for counting purposes.

     Numbers were used to separate unidentified species of the same genus.   A
generic name listed alone is also a unique species.  A question mark (?)  is
placed immediately after the portion of a name which was assigned with
uncertainty.  Numbered, questioned, or otherwise designated taxa were
established on a lake-by-lake basis; therefore NAVICULA #2 from lake A cannot
be compared to NAVICULA #2 from lake B.  Pluralized categories (e.g.,
FLAGELLATES, CENTRIC DIATOMS, SPP.) were used for counting purposes when  taxa
could not be properly differentiated on the counting chamber.


                                  ERRATA

     Minimum and  evenness  are  misspelled in  the computer printout of the
species  diversity and abundance indices data.
                                      14

-------
LAKE NANEt CLEARHATER LAKE
STOREI HUHBIH:  2901
                                                NYGAARD  TROPHIC STA1E INDICES

                                          DATE   04  09  /4  06 18 7*.   10  OB  74
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12 .0 L
                                              PALMER'S  ORGANIC POLLUTION  INDICES

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                                                  G<»  C9
                                                            06 IB 7
-------
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-------
LAKE NAME I LAKE  TANEYCOBO
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                                           SPECIES DIVERSITY  AND  ABUNDANCE INDICES
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                                         23

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                                                                                                     4714
                                               29

-------
                                   TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                            (Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
 . REPORT NO.
 PA-600/3-79-065
                                                            3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE

DISTRIBUTION OF PHYTOPLANKTON  IN  MISSOURI LAKES
             5. REPORT DATE
              June 1979
                                                            6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
M.K.  Morris,  W.D. Taylor, L.R.  Williams, S.C. Hern,
V.W.  Lambou,  F.A. Morris
                                                            8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental  Monitoring and Support Laboratory
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Las Vegas,  NV   89114
             10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
             1BD884
             11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
J.S. Environmental  Protection Agency-Las  Vegas, NV
)ffice of Research  and Development
Environmental  Monitoring and Support  Laboratory
Las Vegas,  NV   89114
             13 TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
             63-15-74  to 11-20-74
             14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
             EPA/600/07
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT            :
     This  is  a data report presenting  the species and abundance of phytoplankton
in the 6 lakes sampled by the National  Eutrophication Survey in the State  of
^lissouri.   Results from the calculation of several water  quality indices are  also
included (Nygaard's Trophic State  Index, Palmer's Organic Pollution Index,  and
species diversity and abundance  indices).
17.
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
a.
                  DESCRIPTORS
                                               b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                                                                             COSATI Field/Group
*aquatic microbiology
 lakes
 phytoplankton
 water  quality
lissouri
 ake eutrophication
tygaard's trophic  indices
Elmer's organic pollu-
tion indices
 pecies diversity  and
ibundance indices
36 C, M
38 H
13 B
                                               19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
RELEASE  TO PUBLIC
••
E PA Form 2220-1 (R.v. 4-77)
                            21. NO. OF PAGES
                             36
                            22. PRICE
                                               UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                           A03
                       QQFVlOUS EDITION IS OBSOLETE
                       P"ev
                                                             U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFF ICL :

-------