United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Environmental Monitoring
and Support Laboratory
P,O Box 15027
Las Vegas NV89114
EPA-6QO/3-79-Q68
June 1979
Research and Development
Distribution  of
Phytoplankton  in
Oklahoma  Lakes

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                   RESEARCH REPORTING  SERIES

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Service, Springfield, Virginia  22161

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                                             EPA-600/3-79-068
                                             June 1979
DISTRIBUTION OF PHYTOPLANKTON IN OKLAHOMA LAKES

                      by

   S. C. Hern, V. W. Lambou, F.  A.  Morris*,
M. K. Morris*, W. D. Taylor, and L.  R.  Williams

           Water and Land Quality Branch
          Monitoring Operations  Division
  Environmental Monitoring and Support  Laboratory
             Las Vegas, Nevada  89114
        *Department of Biological  Sciences
          University of Nevada, Las Vegas
             Las Vegas, Nevada  89154
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND SUPPORT LABORATORY
      OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
     U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
           LAS VEGAS, NEVADA  89114

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                                 DISCLAIMER
     This report has been reviewed by the Environmental  Monitoring and
Support Laboratory-Las Vegas, U.S. Environmental  Protection Agency, and
approved for publication.  Mention of trade names or commercial  products  does
not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use.
                                     ii

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                                  FOREWORD
     Protection of the environment requires effective regulatory actions
which are based on sound technical and scientific information.  This
information must include the quantitative description and linking of
pollutant sources, transport mechanisms, interactions, and resulting effects
on man and his environment.  Because of the complexities involved, assessment
of specific pollutants in the environment requires a total systems approach
which transcends the media of air, water, and land.   The Environmental
Monitoring and Support Laboratory-Las Vegas contributes to the formation and
enhancement of a sound monitoring data base for exposure assessment through
programs designed to:

          •  develop and optimize systems and strategies for monitoring
             pollutants and their impact on the environment

          *  demonstrate new monitoring systems and technologies by
             applying them to fulfill special monitoring needs of the
             Agency's operating programs

     This report presents the species and abundance of phytoplankton in the
15 lakes sampled by the National  Eutrophication Survey in the State of
Oklahoma, along with results from the calculation of several commonly used
biological indices of water quality and community structure.  These data can
be used to biologically characterize the study lakes, and as baseline data
for future investigations.  This  report was written for  use by Federal,
State, and local governmental agencies concerned with water quality analysis,
monitoring, and or regulation.  Private  industry and  individuals  similarly
involved with the biological aspects of water quality will find the document
useful.  For  further  information  contact the Water  and Land Quality Branch,
Monitoring Operations Division.
                                    .   _
                             ..••' >..' -<• ',•   /-'     '
                               George^B. (Morgan
                                   Director
                Environmental Monitoring and  Support  Laboratory
                                   Las  Vegas

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                                   CONTENTS
                                                                        Page
 Foreword	   iii
 Introduction 	     1
Materials and Methods  	     3
     Lake and Site Selection	     3
     Sample Preparation	     3
     Examination 	     4
     Quality Control  	     5
Results	     6
     Nygaard's Trophic State Indices  	     6
     Palmer's Organic Pollution Indices  	     6
     Species Diversity and Abundance  Indices 	     8
     Species Occurrence and Abundance  	    10
Literature Cited 	    11
Appendix A.  Phytoplankton Species list for the State
             of Oklahoma	    12
Appendix B.  Summary of Phytoplankton Data 	    16

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                                INTRODUCTION


     The collection and analysis of phytoplankton  data  were  included  in  the
National Eutrophication Survey in an effort to determine relationships between
algal  characteristics and trophic status of individual  lakes.

     During spring, summer, and fall  of 1974,  the  Survey sampled  179  lakes  in
10 States.  Over 700 algal  species and varieties were identified  and
enumerated from the 573 water samples examined.

     This report presents the species and abundance of  phytoplankton  in  the
15 lakes sampled in the State of Oklahoma (Table 1).  The Nygaard's Trophic
State (Nygaard 1949), Palmer's Organic Pollution (Palmer 1969),  and species
diversity and abundance indices are also included.


          TABLE 1.  LAKES SAMPLED IN THE STATE OF OKLAHOMA
STORET No.
4001
4002
4003
4004
4005
4006
4007
4008
4009
4010
7 /"* ~£-' * """ J v ' "'" ~~
(Continued)
Lake Name
Altus Reservoir
Arbuckle Lake
Lake El Isworth
Lake Eufaula
Fort Cobb Reservoir
Fort Supply Reservoir
Foss Dam Reservoir
Lake Frances
Grand Lake O1 The Cherokees
Lake Hefner

County
Greer, Kiowa
Murray
Caddo, Comanche
Haskell , Mclntosh,
Okmulgee, Pittsburg
Caddo
Woodward
Custer
Adair
Mayes, Delaware, Craig,
Ottowa
Oklahoma


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          TABLE 1.  LAKES SAMPLED IN THE  STATE  OF  OKLAHOMA (Continued;
STORET No.
 .ake Name
 County
   4011


   4012

   4013

   4014

   4015
Keystone Reservoir


Oologah Lake

Tenkiller Ferry Reservoir

Lake Thunderbird

Wister Reservoir
Tulsa, Creek, Osage,
Pawnee

Nowata, Rogers

Cherokee, Sequoyah

Cleve!and

LeFlore

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                            MATERIALS AND METHODS
LAKE AND SITE SELECTION

     Lakes and reservoirs included in the  Survey were  selected  through
discussions with State water pollution agency personnel  and  U.S.  Environmental
Protection Agency Regional  Offices (U.S.  Environmental  Protection Agency
1975).  Screening and selection strongly  emphasized  lakes  with  actual or
potential  accelerated eutrophication problems.   As  a result,  the  selection  was
1imited to lakes:

     (1) impacted by one or more municipal  sewage treatment  plant outfalls
         either directly into the lake or  by discharge to  an  inlet tributary
         within approximately 40 kilometers of  the  lake;

     (2) 40 hectares or larger in size; and

     (3) with a mean hydraulic retention  time of at  least  30  days.

Specific selection criteria were waived for some lakes of  particular State
interest.

     Sampling sites for a lake were selected based  on  available information on
lake morphometry, potential major sources of nutrient input,  and  on-site
judgment of the field limnologist (U.S. Environmental  Protection  Agency 1975).
Primary sampling sites were chosen to reflect the deepest  portion of each
major basin in a test lake.  Where many basins  were  present,  selection  was
guided by nutrient source information on hand.   At each sampling  site,  a
depth-integrated phytoplankton sample was taken.  Depth-integrated samples
were uniform mixtures of water from the surface to a depth of 15  feet
(4.6 meters) or from the surface to the lower limit of the photic zone
representing 1 percent of the incident light, whichever was  greater.  If  the
depth at the sampling site was less than 15 feet (4.6 meters),  the sample was
taken from just off the bottom to the surface.   Normally,  a  lake  was sampled
three times in 1 year, providing information on spring, summer, and fall
conditions.
SAMPLE PREPARATION

     To preserve the sample 4 milliliters (ml)  of Acid-Lugol's solution
(Prescott 1970) were added to each 130-ml sample from each site at the time of
collection.  The samples were shipped to the Environmental Monitoring and
Support Laboratory, Las Vegas, Nevada, where equal volumes from each site

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were mixed to form two 130-ml  composite  samples  for  a  given  lake.   One
composite sample was  put  into  storage  and  the  other  was  used  for the
examination.

     Prior to examination,  the composite samples were  concentrated  by the
settling method.  Solids  were  allowed  to settle  for  at least  24  hours prior  to
siphoning off the supernate.   The volume of the  removed  supernate  and the
volume of the remaining concentrate were measured and  concentrations
determined.  A small  (8-ml) library subsample  of the concentrate was  then
taken.  The remaining concentrate was  gently agitated  to resuspend  the
plankton and  poured into a  capped, graduated test tube.   If  a preliminary
examination of a sample indicated the  need for a more concentrated  sample, the
contents of the test tube were further concentrated  by repeating  the  settling
method.  Final concentrations varied from 15 to 40 times the original.

      Permanent  slides were  prepared from concentrated samples after analysis
was complete.   A ring of clear Karo® corn syrup with phenol  (a few crystals of
phenol were added to each 100 ml of syrup) was placed on a glass slide.  A
drop  of  superconcentrate from the  bottom of the  test tube was placed in the
ring.  This solution was thoroughly mixed and  topped with a coverglass.  After
the  syrup  at  the edges of the coverglass had hardened, the excess was scraped
away  and the  mount was sealed with clear fingernail  polish.  Permanent diatom
slides were  prepared by drying sample material  on a coverglass, heating in a
muffle furnace  at 400° C for 45 minutes, and mounting in Hyrax®.  Finally, the
mounts were  sealed with clear fingernail polish.

      Backup  samples, library  samples, permanent  sample  slides, and
Hyrax-mounted diatom slides are being stored and maintained  at the
Environmental Monitoring and  Support  Laboratory-Las Vegas.


EXAMINATION

      The phytoplankton  samples were examined  with the  aid of binocular
 compound microscopes.   A preliminary  examination was  performed  to  precisely
 identify and  list  all  forms encountered.   The length  of this examination
 varied depending on  the  complexity of the  sample.   An  attempt was  made  to find
 and identify all  of  the  forms present in  each sample.   Often forms were
 observed which  could not be  identified  to  species or  to genus.  Abbreviated
 descriptions were  used to  keep  a record of these forms  (e.g., lunate cell,
 blue-green filament, Navicula #1). Diatom slides were examined  using  a
 standard light  microscope.   If  greater  resolution was essential  to accurately
 identify the diatoms, a  phase-contrast  microscope was used.

      After the  species list  was compiled,  phytoplankton were enumerated using
 a Neubauer Counting  Chamber  with a 40X  objective lens and a 10X ocular lens.
 All forms within each field  were counted.   The  count was continued until  a
 minimum of 100  fields had  been  viewed,  or until the dominant form had  been
 observed a minimum of 100  times.
 ^Registered trademark

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QUALITY CONTROL

     Project phycologists performed internal  quality control  intercomparisons
regularly on 7 percent of the species identification and counts.   Although an
individual  had primary responsibility for analyzing a sample, taxonomic
problems were discussed among the phycologists.

     Additional quality control  checks were performed on the  Survey samples by
Dr. G. W. Prescott of the University of Montana at the rate of 5  percent.
Quality control checks were made on 75 percent of these samples to verify
species identifications while checks were made on the remaining 25 percent of
the samples to verify genus counts.  Presently, the agreement between quality
control checks for species identification and genus enumerations  is
satisfactory.

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                                   RESULTS


     A phytoplankton species list for the State is presented in Appendix A.
Appendix B summarizes all of the phytoplankton data collected from the State
by the Survey.  The latter is organized by lake, and includes an alphabetical
phytoplankton species list with concentrations for individual species given  by
sampling date.  Results from the application of several  indices are presented
(Nygaard's Trophic State, Palmer's Organic Pollution, and species diversity
and abundance).  Each lake has been assigned a four-digit STORET number.
(STORET (STOrage and RETrieval) is the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's
computer system which processes and maintains water quality data.]  The first
two digits of the STORET number identify the State; the  last two digits
identify the lake.


NYGAARD'S TROPHIC STATE  INDICES

     Five indices devised by Nygaard (1949) were proposed under the assumption
that certain algal groups are indicative of levels of nutrient enrichment.
These indices were calculated in order to aid in determining the surveyed
lakes'  trophic status.  As a general  rule, Cyanophyta, Euglenophyta, centric
diatoms, and members of the Chlorococcales are found in  waters that are
eutrophic (rich in nutrients), while desmids and many pennate diatoms
generally cannot tolerate high nutrient levels and so are found in
oligotrophic waters (poor in nutrients).

     In applying the indices to the Survey data, the number of taxa in each
major group was determined from the species list for each sample.  The ratios
of these groups give numerical values which can be used  as a biological index
of water richness.  The five indices and the ranges of values established for
Danish lakes by Nygaard for each trophic state are presented in Table 2.  The
appropriate symbol, (E) eutrophic and (0) oligotrophic,  follows each
calculated value in the tables in Appendix B.  A question mark (?) following a
calculated value in these tables was entered when that value was within the
range of both classifications.


PALMER'S ORGANIC POLLUTION INDICES

     Palmer (1969) analyzed reports from 165 authors and developed algal
pollution indices for use in rating water samples with high organic pollution.
Two lists of organic-pollution-tolerant forms were prepared, one containing
20 genera, the other, 20 species (Tables 3 and 4).  Each form was assigned a
pollution index number ranging from 1 for moderately tolerant forms to 6 for

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  TABLE 2.   NYGAARD'S TROPHIC STATE INDICES ADAPTED FROM HUTCHINSON (1967)
Index
Calculation
Oligotrophic     Eutrophic
Myxophycean
Chlorophycean
Diatom
Euglenophyte
Compound
Myxophyceae
Desmideae
Chlorococcales
Desmideae
Centric Diatoms
Pennate Diatoms
Euglenophyta
Myxophyceae + Chlorococcales
Myxophyceae + Chlorococcales +
0.0-0.4
0.0-0.7
0.0-0.3
0.0-0.2
0.0-1.0
0.1-3.0
0.2-9.0
0.0-1.75
0.0-1.0
1.2-25
                Centric Diatoms + Euglenophyta
                        Desmideae
TABLE 3.  ALGAL GENUS POLLUTION INDEX
          (Palmer 1969)
                     TABLE 4.  ALGAL SPECIES POLLUTION
                               INDEX (Palmer 1969)
Genus
Anacystis
Ankistrode smu s
Chlamydomonas
Chlorella
Closterium
Cyclotella
Euglena
Gomphonema
Lepocinclis
Melosira
Micractinium
Navicula
Nitzschia
Oscillatoria
Pandorina
Phacus
Phormidium
Scenedesmus
Stigeoc Ionium
Synedra
Pollution
Index
1
2
4
3
1
1
5
1
1
1
1
3
3
5
1
2
1
4
2
2
Species
Ankistrodesmus falcatus
Arthrospira jenneri
Chlorella vulgaris
Cyclotella meneghiniana
Euglena gracilis
Euglena viridis
Gomphonema parvulum
Melosira varians
Navicula cryptocephala
Nitzschia acicularis
Nitzschia palea
Oscillatoria chlorina
Oscillatoria limosa
Oscillatoria princeps
Oscillatoria putrida
Oscillatoria tenuis
Pandorina morum
Scenedesmus guadricauda
Sttgeoclonium tenue
Synedra ulna
Poll ution
Index
3
2
2
2
1
6
1
2
1
1
5
2
4
1
1
4
3
4
3
3

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extremely tolerant forms.  Palmer based the index numbers  on  occurrence
records and/or where emphasized by the authors  as being  especially  tolerant of
organic pollution.

     In analyzing a water sample, any of the 20 genera or  species of  algae
present in concentrations of 50 per milliliter  or more are recorded.  The
pollution index numbers of the algae present are totaled,  providing a genus
score and a species score.  Palmer determined that a  score of 20 or more for
either index can be taken as evidence of high organic  pollution, while a score
of 15 to 19 is taken as probable evidence of high organic  pollution.  Lower
figures suggest that the organic pollution of the sample is not  high, that the
sample is not representative, or that some substance  or  factor interfering
with algal persistence is present and active.


SPECIES DIVERSITY AND ABUNDANCE INDICES

     "Information content" of biological samples is being  used commonly by
biologists as a measure of diversity.  Diversity in this connection means the
degree of uncertainty attached to the specific  identity  of any randomly
selected individual.  The greater the number of taxa  and the  more equal their
proportions, the greater the uncertainty, and hence,  the diversity  (Pielou
1966).  There are several methods of measuring  diversity,  e.g.,  the formulas
given by Brillouin (1962) and Shannon and Weaver (1963).  The method  which is
appropriate depends on the type of biological sample  on  hand.

     Pielou (1966) classifies the types of biological  samples and gives the
measure of diversity appropriate for each type.  The  Survey phytoplankton
samples are what she classifies as larger samples (collections in Pielou1 s
terminology) from which random subsamples can be drawn.  According  to Pielou,
the average diversity per individual (H) for these types of samples can be
estimated from the Shannon-Wiener formula (Shannon and Weaver 1963):

                                S

                         H  =  -E P  log
                                         x
where P is the proportion of the ith taxon  in  the  sample,  which  is  calculated
from ni/N; ni is the number of individuals  per milliliter  of  the ith
taxon; N is the total  number of individuals per ml;  and  S  is  the total  number
of taxa.  However, Basharin (1959)  and Pielou  (1966)  have  pointed out  that  H
calculated from the subsample is a  biased estimator  of the sample H, and  if
this bias is to be accounted for, we must know the total number  of  taxa
present in the sample  since the magnitude of this  bias depends on it.

     Pielou (1966) suggests that if the number of  taxa in  the subsample falls
only slightly short of the number in the larger sample,  no appreciable  error
will  result in considering S, estimated from the subsample, as being equal  to
the sample value.  Even though considerable effort was made to find and
identify all  taxa, the Survey samples undoubtedly  contain  a fair number of
rare phytoplankton taxa which were  not encountered.


                                      8

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     In the Shannon-Wiener formula,  an  increase  in  the  number of taxa and/or
an increase in the evenness of the distribution  of  individuals among taxa will
increase the average diversity per  individual  from  its  minimal value of  zero.
Sager and Hasler (1969)  found that the  richness  of  taxa was of minor
importance in determination of average  diversity per  individual for
phytoplankton and they concluded  that  phytoplankton taxa  in excess of the 10
to 15 most abundant ones have little effect  on H.   This was verified by  our
own calculations.  Our counts are in number  per  milliliter and since
logarithms to the base 2 were used  in  our  calculations, H is expressed in
units of bits per individual.  When  individuals  of  a  taxon were so rare  that
they were not counted, a value of 1/130 per  milliliter  or 0.008 per milliliter
was used in the calculations since -at  least  one  individual of the taxon  must
have been present in the collection.

     A Survey sample for a given  lake  represents a  composite of all
phytoplankton collected at different sampling  sites on  the lake during a given
sampling period.  Since the number  of  samples  (M) making  up a composite  is a
function of both the complexity of  the  lake  sampled and its size, it should
affect the richness-of-taxa component  of the diversity  of our phytoplankton
collections.  The maximum diversity (MaxH)  (i.e., when  the individuals are
distributed among the taxa as evenly as possible) was estimated from Iog2 S
(Pielou 1966), while the minimum  diversity (MinH),  was  estimated  from the
formula:
given by Zand (1976).  The total  diversity (D)  was calculated from HN (Pielou
1966).  Also given in Appendix B are L (the mean number of individuals per
taxa per milliliter)  and K (the number of individuals per milliliter of the
most abundant taxon in the sample).

      The evenness component of diversity (J) was estimated from H/MaxH
(Pielou 1966).  Relative evenness (RJ) was calculated from the formula:


                              RJ  =   H-MinH
                                     MaxH-MinH
given by Zand (1976).  Zand suggests that RJ be used as a substitute for both
J and the redundancy expression given by Wilhm and Dorris (1968).   As pointed
out by Zand, the redundancy expression given by Wilhm and Dorris does not
properly express what it is intended to show, i.e., the position of H in the
range between MaxH and MinH.  RJ may range from 0 to 1; being 1  for the most
even samples and 0 for the least even samples.

     Zand (1976) suggests that diversity indices be expressed in units of
"sits", i.e., in logarithms to base S (where S is the total  number of taxa in
the sample) instead of in "bits", i.e., in logarithms to base 2.  Zand points
out that the diversity index in sits per individual is a normalized number
ranging from 1 for the most evenly distributed samples to 0 for  the least
evenly distributed samples.  Also, it can be used to compare different
samples, independent of the number of taxa in each.  The diversity in bits per

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individual  should not be used  in direct  comparisons  involving  various samples
which have  different numbers of taxa.  Since  MaxH  equals  log S, the expression
in sits is  equal  to logc S,  or 1.  Therefore  diversity  in sits per
individual  is numerically equivalent  to  J,  the  evenness component for the
Shannon-Wiener formula.
SPECIES OCCURRENCE AND ABUNDANCE

  The alphabetic phytoplankton species  list  for  each  lake,  presented  in
Appendix B, gives the concentrations of individual  species  by  sampling date.
Concentrations are in cells, colonies,  or  filaments (CEL, COL,  FIL) per
milliliter.  An "X" after a species name indicates  that  the species identifie"
in the preliminary examination was in such a low concentration  that it did no
appear in the count.  A blank space indicates that  the organism was not  found
in the sample collected on that date.  Column S  is  used  to  designate  the
examiner's subjective opinion of the five  dominant  taxa  in  a sample,  based
upon relative size and concentration of the  organism.  The  percent column (%Cj
presents, by abundance, the percentage  composition  of each  taxon.
                                     10

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                              LITERATURE  CITED


Basharin,  G.  P.   1959.   On  a  statistical  estimate  for  the  entropy  of  a
     sequence of independent  random variables,  pp.  333-336.   In: Theory of
     Probability and Its Applications  (translation  of  "Teoriya  Veroyatnosei  i
     ee Premeneniya").   N.  Artin (ed).   4.   Society for Industrial  and
     Applied  Mathematics, Philadelphia.

Brillouin, L.  1962.  Science and Information  Theory (2nd  ed.). Academic
     Press, New York.   351  pp.

Hutchinson, G. E.  1967.  A Treatise on  Limnology.   II.  Introduction to  Lake
     Biology and the Limnoplankton.  John Wiley and Sons,  Inc., New York.
     1,115 pp.

Nygaard, G.  1949.  Hydrobiological studies of some Danish ponds and  lakes.
     II.  (K danske Vidensk.  Selsk.)  Biol. Sci. 7:293.

Palmer, C. M.  1969.  A composite rating  of algae  tolerating organic
     pollution.  J. Phycol.  5:78-82.

Pielou, E. C.  1966.  The measurement of diversity in different types of
     biological  collections.   J. Theor.  Biol.   13:131-144.

Prescott, G. W.  1970.  How to Know the  Freshwater Algae.   William C. Brown
     Company, Dubuque.  348 pp.

Sager, P. E., and A. D. Hasler.  1969.   Species diversity in lacustrine
     phytoplankton.  I.  The components  of the index of diversity
     from Shannon's formula.  Amer. Natur.  103(929):51-59.

Shannon, C. E., and W. Weaver.  1963.  The Mathematical Theory of Commu-
     nication.  University of Illinois Press,  Urbana.  117 pp.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.  1975. ' National Eutrophication Survey
     Methods 1973-1976.  Working Paper No. 175.  Environmental Monitoring and
     Support Laboratory, Las Vegas, Nevada, and Corvallis Environmental
     Research Laboratory, Corvallis, Oregon.  91 pp.

Wilhm, V. L., and T. C. Dorris.  1968.  Biological parameters  for water
     quality criteria.  Bio-Science.  18:477.

Zand,  S. M.  1976.  Indexes associated with information theory in water
     quality.  J. Water Pollut. Contr. Fed.  48(8):2026-2031.
                                     11

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                     APPENDIX A




PHYTOPLANKTON SPECIES LIST FOR THE STATE OF OKLAHOMA
                         12

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Achnanthes lanceolata
Achnanthes microcephala
Actinastrum graeilimum
Actinastrum hantzschii
   v. fluviatile
Andbaena planctonica
Andbaenopsis circular-is
Ankistrodesmus faleatus
Ankistrodesmus faleatus
   v. aciaularis
Ankistrodesmus faleatus
   v. mirabilis
Aphanizomenon flos-aquae
Aphanocapsa sp.
Aphanothece sp.
Asterionella formosa
At theya zachariasi
Binuclearia ? sp.
Botryoooccus braunii
Carter-la sp.
Cerasterias irregu'lare
Ceratium hirundinella
   f. brachyceras
Ceratium hirundinella
   f. furcoides
Chlamydomonas sp.
Chlorogonium sp.
Chrooaoaaus dispersus
Chroomonas aouta
Closterium aoiculare
Cocooneis sp.
Coelastrum cambricum
Coelastrum microporum
Coelastrum reticulatum
Coelastrum retioulatum
   v. polychordon
Coelastrum sphaeriavm
Coelosphaerium naegelianum
Coelosphaerium pallidum
Coscinodisous sp.
Cosmarium clepsydra
   v. nanum
Crucigenia apiculata
Crucigenia crucifera
Crucigenia quadrata
Crucigenia tetrapedia
Crucigenia truncata
Cryptomonas erosa
Cryptomonas marssonii
Cryptomonas reflexa
Cyclotella meneghiniana
Cyclotella stelligera
Cymatopleura solea
Cymbella sp.
Dactylococcopsis sp.
Diatoma vulgare
Dictyosphaerium pulehellum
Dinobryon bavaricum
Dinobryon divergens
Dinobryon sertularia
Dinobryon sociale
Diploneis smithii
Diploneis smithii
   f. elliptica ?
Diplopsalis acuta
Elakatothrix gelatinosa
Entomoneis paludosa
Euastrum sp.
Eudorina elegans
Euglena acus
Euglena ehrenbergii
Euglena gracilis
Euglena oxyuris
   v. minor
Euglena subehrenbergii
Euglena tripteris
Eunotia pectinalis
Fragilaria crotonensis
Franceia sp.
Glenodinium gyrmodinium
Glenodinium gyrmodinium
   v. biscutelliforme
Glenodinium oculatum
Gloeocystis sp.
Golenkinia radiata
Gomphonema parvulum
Gomphosphaeria sp.
Gymnodinium albulum
Gyrosigma fasciola  ?
Hantzschia sp.
Kirchneriella contorta
Lagerheimia sp.
Lepocinclis fusiformis ?
Lyngbya lagerheimii
Mallomonas acaroides
Mastogloia sp.
Melosira ambigua
Me losira distans
Melosira granulata
Melosira granulata
   v. angustissima
Melosira granulata
   v. angustissima  f. spiralis
Melosira italica
                                      13

-------
Melosira vai'ians
Merismopedia glauca
Merismopedia minima
Merismopedia tenuissima
Mesostigma viridis
Micraotinium pusillum
Microcystis aeruginosa
Microcystis incerta
Mougeotia sp.
Navicula citrus  ?
Navicula cuspidata
Navicula pygmaea
Nitzschia acicularis
Nitsschia apioulata
Nitzschia filiformis
Nitzschia hantzschiana
Nitssehia holsatiea
Hitzschia longissima
    v .
 Nitzschia tryblionella
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 Ooeystis sp.
 Oseillatoria agardhii
 Oseillatoria limnetiaa
 Pandopina morum
 Pediastrwn bipadiatwn
    v.  longeooTnutum
 Pediastrum boryanum
 Pediastrwn duplex
 Pediastvum duplex
    v.  clathratum
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 Phaous aewninatus
 Phaaus aewninatus
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 Phaous oaudatus
    v. minor
 Phaous curvioauda
 Phaous helikoides
 Phaous megalopsis
 Phaaus nordstedtii
 Phaaus plewconeotes
Phaaus pseudonordstedtii
Phaous sueoious
Phaaus tortus
Phormidium sp.
PleuPosigma deliaatulwn
Pteyomonas aauleata
Raphidiopsis curvata
Rhizosolenia sp.
Rhodomonas ? minuta
Rhoioosphenia ewvata
Soenedesmus abundans
Soenedesmus aewninatus
Scenedesmus arcuatus
Scenedesmus arouatus
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Scenedesmus balatoniaus
Scenedesmus bicaudatus
Scenedesmus bijuga
Scenedesmus denticulatus
Scenedesmus dimorphus
Scenedesmus intermedius
Scenedesmus intermedius
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Scenedesmus obliquus
Scenedesmus opoliensis
Scenedesmus protuberans
Soenedesmus quadrieauda
Scenedesmus quadricauda
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Scenedesmus raoiborskii
Schroederia setigera
Skeletonema potamos
Sphaeroaystis schroetevi
Staurastrum  leptoaladwn
Staurastrum tetraaevum
Stephanodisaus astvaea
    v. minutula
 Surivella angusta
 Surirella ovata
 Synedva aaus
 Synedra deliaat-issima
 Synedra delicatissima
    v. angustissima
 Synedra ulna
 Synura ? sp.
 Tabellaria fenestrata
 Tetraedron caudatwn
    v. longispinum
 Tetraedron oonstrictum
 Tetraedron gicacile
 Tetraedron gracile
    v. excavatum
                                      14

-------
Tetvaedron minimum
Tetmedron minimum
   v. scrobieulatwn
Tetraedron mutiaum
Tetraedron trigonum
Tetraedron victoriae
Tetrastrm elegans
Tetpastmm gldbrum
Tetrastrum heteracanthum
Tetrastrum staurogeniaeforme
Trachelomonas bulla ?
Trachelomonas fluviatilis
Tvaahetomonas hispida
Traohelomonas intermedia
Traohelomonas pulohella
Traohelomonas volvoeina
Traahelomonas volvoeina
   v. compressa
Treubaria setigenan
Treubaria triappendisulata
                                      15

-------
                 APPENDIX B.  SUMMARY OF  PHYTOPLANKTON  DATA


     This appendix was generated by computer.   Because  it  was  only  possible to
use upper case letters in the printout, all  scientific  names are  printed  in
upper case and are not italicized.

     The alphabetic phytoplankton lists include taxa  without species  names
(e.g., EUNOTIA, EUNOTIA #1, FLAGELLATE, FLAGELLATES,  MICROCYSTIS  INCERTA  9,
CHLOROPHYTAN COCCOID CELLED COLONY).  When species determinations were  not
possible, symbols or descriptive phrases  were  used to separate taxa for
enumeration purposes.  Each name on a list,  however,  represents a unique
species different from any other name on  the same list, unless otherwise
noted, for counting purposes.

     Numbers were used to separate  unidentified species of the same genus.  A
generic name listed alone is also a unique species.  A question mark  (?)  is
placed immediately after the portion of a name which  was assigned with
uncertainty.  Numbered, questioned, or otherwise designated  taxa were
established on a lake-by-lake basis; therefore NAVICULA #2 from lake  A  cannot
be compared to NAVICULA #2 from lake B.   Pluralized categories (e.g.,
FLAGELLATES, CENTRIC DIATOMS, SPP.) were  used  for counting purposes when  taxa
could not be properly differentiated on  the counting  chamber.


                                 ERRATA

     Minimum and evenness are misspelled  in  the computer printout of  the
species diversity and abundance indices data.
                                     16

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                                       TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                                (Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing/
     DEPORT NO.
    EPA-600/3-79-068
"• TITLE AND SUBTITLE

 DISTRIBUTION OF PHYTOPLANKTON IN OKLAHOMA LAKES
                                                           3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
                                                              |5. REPORT DATE
                                                               June 1979
                                                              6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
   THOR
    .  Hern,  V.W. Lambou, F.A.
    .  Taylor,  L.R. Williams
                                  Morris, M.K. Morris,
    PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
   Environmental  Monitoring and Support  Laboratory
   Office  of  Research and Development
   U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
   Las Vegas, NV   89114
   SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
u.i>.  Environmental Protection  Agency-Las Vegas,
Office  of Research and Development
Environmental  Monitoring  and Support Laboratory
Las Vegas, NV   89114
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
                                                     NV
                                                              8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
                                                           10.
                                                             PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.

                                                           1BD884
                                                           11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
                                                           13 TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVr RED
                                                           03-15-74 to 11-20-74
                                                              14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                                                              EPA/600/07
  16
    ABSTRACT
        This  is a data report  presenting the species and abundance  of  phytoplankton
  "in the  15  lakes sampled by  the  National  Eutrophication Survey  in  the  State of
  Oklahoma.   Results from the calculation  of several water quality  indices  are  also
  included  (Nygaard's Trophic State  Index,  Palmer's Organic Pollution Index,  and
  species diversity and abundance  indices).
|17.
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
 *aquatic microbiology
  lakes
 *phytoplanktcn
  water quality
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE  TO  PUBLIC
                                           b. IDENTIFIERS OPEN ENDED TERMS
                                           'Oklahoma
                                           lake eutrophication
                                           Nygaard's trophic indices
                                           'aimer's organic pollu-
                                           tion indices
                                           Species  diversity and
                                           abundance indices
                                                                         COSATI I icId/Ciroup

                                                                      06~ C7 M
                                                                      08  H
                                                                      13  E
                                             |	
                                             i 20 SECuf'Tv c, AfeS - This ;>flifr
                                             IUNCLASSIFILD
                                                                     -"' 1  NO O I-

                                                                    !,-  S, •
                                                                    i    A04
FPA Fc

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