EPA-650/4-74-017
September 1974
Environmental Monitoring  Series
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                                       EPA-650/4-74-017
  DESIGN OF THE EPA SEMI-TRAILER

MOBILE AIR  POLLUTION  LABORATORY
                        by

                     G.  J . Sen

                  Thermo-Systems Inc.
                2500 N. Cleveland Avenue
                St. Paul, Minnesota 55113
                 Contract No. 68-02-0654
                  ROAP No. 21AKB-28
               Program Element No. 1A1008
            EPA Project Officer:  Jack L. Durham

             Chemistry and Physics Laboratory
           National Environmental Research Center
         Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
                    Prepared for

          OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
          U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
                WASHINGTON, D.C. 20460

                    September 1974

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This report has been reviewed by the Environmental Protection Agency
and approved for publication.  Approval does not signify that the
contents necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Agency,
nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute
endorsement or recommendation for use.
                                  ii

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PREFACE

     Simultaneous field measurements of a number of air pollutants using
sophisticated state-of-the-art instruments can contribute significantly to
the knowledge of air pollution dynamics.  Such research measurements are
needed not only at several locations within a specific suburban area, but
at several locations in each of many cities and in several remote, background
areas as well.  The cost of state-of-the-art instrument systems and the one-of-
a-kind nature of some instruments for this type of research program prohibits
the use of many fixed field stations as is often done for the routine monitor-
ing of several pollutants with less sophisticated equipment.  Thus, the mobile
air pollution research laboratory described below was designed and built.

    Many people contributed significantly to the successful design and con-
struction of the mobile laboratory.  EPA, principly through Dr. J. L. Durham,
Project Officer, and Dr. VI. E. Wilson, offered many suggestions which improved
the design and layout of the laboratory.  Special thanks go to Professor K. T.
Whitby for his many helpful suggestions covering every facet of the design.
Professor B.Y.H. Liu and Mr. J. Agarwal assisted in the design of the aerosol
sampling tubes and the wind shield design.  Dr. B. Cantrell assisted in the
layout and electrical design, particularly in the area of the data analysis
center.  Many of the design features are similar to, or improvements upon,
the design of the mobile laboratory for the State of California Air Resources
Board contract entitled "Characterization of Aerosols in Three Major Regions
of California".  Thermo-Systems Inc. working through prime contractor Rockwell
International Science Center and subcontractor University of Minnesota, designed
and constructed the mobile laboratory for the ARE program.  The crew which
operated the ARB laboratory during 1972 offered several suggestions which resulted
in significant improvements.  Mr. Robert Odberg and his crew at Fruehauf Division
in St. Paul contributed suggestions, good workmanship, and much patience  when
many minor changes were requested.  Finally, a special thanks to Marvin Hudalla
who suggested many design improvements, supervised detailed construction of the
facility, and kept a watchful eye on the finished appearance, all resulting in
a significantly neater and more practical mobile laboratory.
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                         TABLE OF CONTENTS
                                                                Page No.
INTRODUCTION 	        1
DESIGN PHILOSOPHY  	        1
DESCRIPTION OF THE LABORATORY	,      2
  Basic Trailer Specifications 	        2
  Exterior Trailer Modifications 	        4
  General Interior Design 	        7
  Air Conditioning Design 	        7
  Interior and Roof Layout	        9
  Electrical Design 	       11
  Lightning Protection 	       15
  Sampling System	       15
SUMMARY	       17
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                        THERMO SYSTEMS INC

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                             LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

Illust.
 No.

  1       Exterior curbside,  rear, front,  and roof  views

  2       Exterior roadside view

  3       Interior floor plan for the 1973 programs

  4       Interior ceiling layout

  5       Interior roadside wall

  6       Interior curbside wall

  7       Interior front wall and work bench

  8       View looking rearward at the aerosol island

  9       View looking forward at the aerosol island

 10       View looking forward at the data analysis island

 11       View looking rearward at the gas island

 12       View looking forward at the gas  island

 13       Interior rear wall

 14       Feeder pole and cable-and-plug electrical service  entrance

 15       Circuit layout of the air conditioning service panel

 16       Circuit layout of the instrument systems  service panel

 17       Outlet receptacle locations of each interior  circuit

 18       Outlet receptacle locations of each exterior  circuit

 19       Aerosol sampling and transport system

 20       Schematic of gas sampling system

 21       Schematic of aerosol sampling system which includes Anderson
          samplers

 22       Schematic of aerosol sampling system which excludes Anderson
          samplers

 23       Electrical schematic of isolation-regulation  transformers for
          computer power
                                     v

                             THERMO-SYSTEMS INC.

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LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS (continued)

Illust.
 No.

 24       Photograph of exterior curbside

 25       Photograph of exterior roadside

 26       Photograph of interior aerosol island and front  wall

 27       Photograph of interior looking rearward at the data
          analysis island

 28       Photograph of aerosol manifolds and flow control panels

 29       Closeup photograph of aerosol manifold designed  for 4
          Anderson samplers

 30       Closeup photograph of gas manifold also showing  a fused
          plug connected to the electrical busway

 31       Exterior photograph of both aerosol sampling  stacks
          showing windshields

 32       Photograph of typical electrical feeder pole  showing 2 cables
          from the laboratory plugged into the feeder pole setup

 33       Photograph of a tractor connected to the trailer, nearly
          ready for transport
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                             THERMO-SYSTEMSINC

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               LIST OF METRIC  EQUIVALENT UNITS






Foot = ' = 30.48 cm




Inch = " = 2.54 cm




Pound = Ib = 453.6 gm




Tons = 12,000 BTU/hr = 3',516 watts





°F=f  °C+32




BTU/hr = 0.293 watts




Ft /min = CFM = 28.32 liters per min




Gallons = Gal = 3.785 liters
                            vii




                   THERMO-SYSTEMSINC

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                                  INTRODUCTION

     This report describes the design and construction of the EPA mobile air
pollution research laboratory.  Included are the design and specifications of
the basic semi-trailer, the layout and design of the laboratory within the
trailer, the design of exterior laboratory modifications, and the design of
the sampling system.  Detailed descriptions of instruments and equipment used
within the laboratory are not included in this document.

                                DESIGN PHILOSOPHY

     Several criteria have played a major role in shaping the design of the
mobile laboratory.  Some of these criteria were:

     1. The mobile laboratory had to meet the requirements of the experimental
        program schedule for St. Louis during the summer and fall of 1973.
        The laboratory had to accommodate the instruments, equipment, and
        personnel planned for this experiment.

     2. The mobile laboratory design must have sufficient flexibility to
        allow changes, both during the St. Louis program and during any
        subsequent programs.  Future air pollution measurement programs
        will use new equipment as it becomes available.  The laboratory
        must be capable of accepting new or different equipment with as
        little effort and as little modification of the laboratory as
        possible. EPA has suggested a number of instruments which may be
      •  added at a later date.  Although the addition of all of these
        instruments simultaneously would result in overcrowding, the
        laboratory will accommodate any of the suggested instruments in-
        dividually and will accommodate most of them simultaneously with
        minor layout changes.

     3. The laboratory must be readily moveable to new sampling sites with-
        out requiring excessive time and effort.  An experienced crew of
        3 men must be able to assemble or disassemble the laboratory within
        a single working day.

     4. Although the laboratory is neat and well organized, functional utility
        has priority over appearance.  A beautiful laboratory which has been
        modified to make it functional is no longer beautiful.

     5. Within the limitations imposed by other requirements, the laboratory
        is built of standard commercial hardware wherever possible.  Not
        only is this less expensive now, but it also results in faster repairs
        and changes in the future.

     6. A similar mobile laboratory was previously designed, constructed, and
        operated for the California Air Resources Board.  The EPA trailer in-
        corporates many significant improvements, but utilizes the same basic
        design concept.
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                         DESCRIPTION OF THE LABORATORY

     EPA's choice of a semi-trailer as the basic vehicle satisfies the above
criteria very well.  A semi-trailer is the most maneuverable vehicle of its
size, an important feature in programs which frequently require moving to
different locations, sometimes just across town, sometimes across the entire
country.  The connection to towing tractors is standardized, simplifying
arrangements for transporting the laboratory.  Semi-trailer manufacturers
have spent many years optimizing the design to make the interior as large as
possible, consistent with highway regulations.  The rectangular shape and
rugged, but thin, construction simplifies flexible and functional laboratory
design.  Semi-trailers are rugged, proven by billions of miles of rough highway
travel.  Trailer manufacturers and distributors are familiar with making
modifications to meet customer's needs.  Such modifications are thus somewhat
less expensive and can be made more quickly on a semi-trailer than on a mobile
home or converted bus.  In addition, the basic cost of a semi-trailer is
generally no higher than other similarly-sized vehicles.

Basic Trailer Specifications

     The basic semi-trailer is the Model FB8-W1-40 manufactured by Fruehauf
Corporation.  The length and width are the maximum allowable in many eastern  -
states.  The height of the basic vehicle (without catwalk or ports)  is 6 inches
below the maximum legal limit in most states.  The trailer meets all other over-
the-highway requirements in nearly every state.  The trailer readily connects
to most standard semi-tractors.   Other specifications of the basic unmodified
trailer are as follows:

     Length                   Overall 40fl        Inside 39' 6 3/16"

                              Overall 13'         Inside 101 3/4"

                              Overall 96"         Inside 92 1/2"
     Bulkhead                 10 gauge high strength steel front wall bulkhead
                              30" high wrapping around 10° radius corner.
                              Swivel mounted glad hands recessed in bulkhead.

     Front Wall               .050" beaded aluminum panels with high strength
                              steel hat shaped posts riveted to bulkhead and
                              panels.
 EPA policy is to express all measurements in Agency documents in metric units.
 When implementing this practice will result in undue cost or difficulty in
 clarity, NERC/RTP is providing conversion factors for the particular non-metric
 units used in the document.   For this report these factors are located on page  vi.
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Upper Coupler &
Pick Up Plate
Roof Assembly
Side Wall
Side Skin
Floor
Brake Lines &
Light Wires
Electrical System
Pick up plate - 1/4" thick with multi-rib box
section reinforcing to front crossmember.
Upper Coupler - waffle design with 1/4" upper
and lower plates.  Waffle consisting of 3/8"
plates welded to king pin.  Exceeds 1,000,000
cycles of vertical bending at 40,000 Ib. loads.

.040" one-piece aluminum roof bonded to extruded
aluminum roof bows on 24" centers with thickness
controlled heat cured adhesive.
Entire outer roof surface attached to extruded
aluminum upper rail with 3/16" aluminum rivets
on 1 1/2" centers and covered with extruded
aluminum cap.
Upper rail extruded aluminum with marker light
wiring raceway and recessed area for marker
light installation.

Crossmember to lower rail attachment:
Lower rail - 13" high extruded aluminum
Crossmembers - 4" structural steel I-beams
on 15" centers.
Each crossmember attached to lower rail with
(4) 5/16" diameter aluminum squeeze rivets
per side, 2 on either side of I-beam.

.050" pre-painted aluminum panels.
Posts are high strength steel hat shaped posts on
12" centers over coupler and support area and
on 24" centers for the balance of the trailer.
Panels riveted to both sides of hat shaped
post (double row).  Rivets on 1 1/2" centers
at panel laps and on 3" centers in other areas.

1 3/8" laminated hardwood attached to I-beam
crossmembers with (3) 5/16" diameter screws per
board per crossmembers.  Floor undercoated with
petroleum based preservative.

Run length of trailer over crossmembers incased
in 12 gauge galvanized steel hat section level
with top of floor.

12 volt system with circuit breakers and moisture
proof plugs.
Tractor connection: 6 and 7 way plug.
Upper clearance lights recessed in aluminum rail
for protection from breakage.
                         THERMO-SYSTEMS INC.

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     Rear Corner Post         One-piece hat rolled, high strength steel corner
                              post with 1/2" steel bumper bar at lower corner
                              running completely across the lower crossmember
                              and up opposite side for door and hardware
                              protection.
                              Door Lock Flange on rear corner post completely
                              locks doors in place when closed.
                              Hinge pins could be removed and doors would remain
                              in place.

     Side Wall Rating         25,000 Ibs. evenly distributed

     Front Wall               40,000 Ibs. evenly distributed

     Rear Wall                15,000 Ibs. evenly distributed

     Roof                     400 Ibs. over a 12" x 12" area

     Floor Rating             50,000 Ibs. evenly distributed
                              30,000 Ibs. distributed in any 10' area
                              17,000 Ibs. on fork lift axles

Exterior Trailer Modifications

     A number of major modifications were made to the exterior of the trailer.
Figures 1 and 2 show details of the modified exterior.  Some of the dimensions
may be inaccurate by an inch or two.  The modifications include:

     - Air ride tandem axles were installed complete with tires, rims,
       wheels, air reservoir, and leveling valves.  The axles are centered
       11 feet ahead of the rear end of the trailer.   The air ride sus-
       pension cushions nearly any highway bump enough to prevent damage
       to most instruments and equipment.  Dual axles help reduce the
       chances of tipping, particularly when one side drops into a road
       depression such as happens when turning too sharply into a drive-
       way with a ditch.  The forward location distributes most of the
       load primarily over the air-suspended axles rather than over the
       tractor axles allowing the use of a single axle tractor and cushion-
       ing most of the trailer even with a non-air-cushion tractor.

     - The two front supports are located at the normal position.  Two
       additional individually adjustable supports are installed behind
       the trailer axles as shown in Figure 1 to stabilize the trailer in
       gusty winds.   All four supports have standard  sand pads to reduce
       the chances of the trailer sinking into soft ground.   Each of the
       four supports is independently adjustable to allow leveling of the
       trailer.  The adjustments are made by separate manual cranks so that
       no external power, either tractor supplied or  electrical, is required.
       Each crank has 2 gear ratios, one for fast lowering or raising of the
       unloaded support, and one for lowering or raising the loaded trailer.
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                              THERMO SYSTEMS INC

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A steel compartment box is-installed between the front supports
and the tandem axles as shown in Figure 1.  The compartment is 96"
wide  (external), 29" deep  (external), and 13' 4" long (external).
The compartment has two doors, each about 10' long, one on each
side of the trailer.  The doors have hinges, locks, and handles.
The compartment door on the curbside is located so that it does not
interfere with the curbside stairs and landing.  Although the com-
partment doors have a weather stripping seal to reduce the chance
of water entering the compartment, the compartment is not intended
to be completely water-proof.  The compartment is useful for trans-
porting of the stairs and landings, gas cylinders, and other equip-
ment.  Vacuum pumps, blowers, voltage regulators, and voltage
isolators are mounted and operated in the compartment, reducing
the noise level and the amount of equipment within the trailer.
The compartment has 2 blowers and vents to cool the pumps and equip-
ment when they must be operated with the compartment locked.

Another steel compartment box is installed behind the tandem axles
as shown in Figure 1.  The compartment is 96" wide (exterior), 29"
deep  (exterior), and 51 3" long (external).  The compartment has
two doors, one nearly the full length on the curbside and one about
3' long on the rear compartment wall.  The rear door does not in-
terfere with the stairs and landing.  The doors have hinges, locks,
and handles, and have a weather stripping seal to reduce the chance
of water entering the compartment.  Most of the rear compartment can
be used for transporting and storing equipment similar to the larger
forward compartment.  A separate compartment within the rear com-
partment serves as an electrical service entrance junction box.  The
electrical service entrance cables pass through the rear compartment
to the junction box when in operation.  The curbside door closes and
locks either with the electrical service entrance cables connected
to the power source or with the cables coiled in storage within the
rear compartment.

A catwalk covers the entire roof, making the roof a working platform.
The catwalk is made of perforated galvanized steel, making the roof
corrosion and skid resistant.  The catwalk is attached firmly to the
roof rails and extends 2" above the standard roofline of the trailer.
The perforations in the catwalk simplify the attachment of equipment
to the roof.  The trailer structure is sufficiently reinforced to
carry the additional load of the catwalk and equipment.  The catwalk
is capable of carrying at least 400 pounds per any square foot and
any 8' x 8* area is capable of bearing at least 2000 pounds.

A personnel door is installed within the original right rear trailer
door.  The door opening is about 79 1/2" high and 27 1/2" wide.  This
door is used for routine entrance and exit by people.  The original
large rear doors of the trailer are used only for loading and unload-
ing large equipment.
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Another personnel door is installed in the curbside wall above the
front supports.  The door opening is a minimum of 80" high and 32"
wide.  This door is also used for routine entrance and exit of
people.  This door meets or surpasses the requirements of the Uniform
Building code, the only door required by the UBC.  However, the 2
doors do provide emergency exits near each end of the laboratory.

Stairs, landings, and hand rails are provided for each personnel
door.  The landing posts are adjustable to allow setup on sloping
ground.  Each of the two stair landings and rail units disassemble
into the following components for storage and transport in an under-
compartment: one stairs, one landing, 2 landing posts, and 4 hand
rail sections.  The stair and landing material is skid-resistant
perforated galvanized steel similar to the catwalk material.  Each
stair step will bear at least 500 pounds and the landing and stair-
case will bear at least 1000 pounds.  The stairs, landing, and
hand rails meet applicable Occupational Safety & Health Act (OSHA)
codes.

Five combination storm-screen windows are installed in the walls.
There are two on each side and one in the rear personnel door.
Approximate locations are shown in Figures 1 and 2.  The windows
are nominally 11" high by 18" wide (about 10" x 16" open area).
The storm window or screen can be changed from the inside.  The
outside window cranks open from the inside.  The windows are large
enough to allow the operators to see the surroundings, but small
enough to prevent unauthorized entry.  The windows are also useful
for fresh air ventilation, for inside-outside communications, and
for quick and temporary passage of sampling tubes or electrical
cables.

Seven access ports are installed through the roof.  The ports are
10" o.d. aluminum tubes which protrude about 1" above the catwalk
and 2" below the ceiling.  The ports have flanges and water-tight
covers on the outside.  The exact locations of the access ports
were determined specifically by the layout chosen for the 1973
St. Louis program, but also allow maximum layout flexibility for
future programs.  Two access ports are located above the aerosol
island, one above the front bench area near the aerosol island,
one above the gas island, one above each end of the computer area
for electrical signal cables, and another above the rear open ex-
pansion area.

Twin air conditioner units are mounted on the exterior front wall
as shown in Figures 1 and 2.  The top of the units are about level
with the original roofline to allow as much tractor clearance as
possible.  The vertical angle framework is bolted directly to the
four vertical frame channels of the trailer.  The vertical frame
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                       THERMO-SYSTEMS INC

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       channels are reinforced with hardwood beams to carry the extra load.
       The air conditioner units extend about 57 inches ahead of the front
       wall of the trailer and sufficient bracing is installed to carry the
       load.  The units are mounted flush with the side walls to allow as
       much working clearance as possible between the units.  Placing the
       units outside the trailer allows additional necessary space on the
       interior of the laboratory and greatly simplifies the ducting of
       supply and return air.  Units which mount flat against the front
       exterior wall also protrude about 30" into the interior, limiting
       the interior layout and complicating the duct layout.  Since the
       flat-mounted units protrude through the front wall, they are also
       more difficult to mount.  Any tractor used to tow this trailer
       must allow sufficient clearance for the air conditioner units.
       Either the tractor must have a low roofline with no protrusions
       above its roofline, or the tractor must have a long wheelbase and
       enough spacing between the fifth wheel and the rear of the cab.
       Neither requirement is very restrictive.  Many, perhaps most,
       tractors are suitable.  However, tractor clearance must be carefully
       watched.  The specifications of the air conditioning units and the
       system design are discussed later in this report.

     - All modified exterior surfaces are painted to match the prepainted
       aluminum exterior side panels.

General Interior Design

     Figures 3-13 show the interior floor layout, ceiling plan, wall plans,
and cross-sections of critical areas.  The following discussion covers each
subject individually.

     The interior walls are finished with medium-colored 1/4" wood paneling
which is specially treated to meet Underwriters Laboratory (UL) tests for a
flame spread factor of 200 or less as required by the Uniform Building Code
(UBC) for a laboratory of this type.  Logistic rails are installed to allow
equipment to be strapped down during transport.  The straps, which quick-
fasten into the logistic rails, look and operate like auto seat belts.  Vinyl
asbestos floor tiles, 1/8" thick, cover the Fruehauf hardwood floor.  The
ceiling is finished with acoustical tile fastened to plywood panels.  Wherever
possible, the walls, floor, and ceiling are made so that equipment may be
mounted, holes may be drilled, or other modifications can be made easily.

Air Conditioning Design

     The trailer is insulated with 2" of foam on all walls, floor, and ceiling.
The ceiling insulation is installed above the air conditioning duct.  Twin air
conditioning units are installed near the roofline on the front exterior of  the
trailer.  Two units are preferable to a larger single unit for several reasons:
1) while one is being repaired, the other is fully operable, usually allowing
the laboratory to continue operations, 2) during most times of the year, one
unit can be switched off saving wear and power, 3) larger units are not avail-
able in a single-phase model which would make the electrical supply problem
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                              THERMO-SYSTEMS INC

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 much more difficult  and would  greatly limit  the possible  trailer setup  locations,
 4)  two units  are  easier to mount  than a  single larger unit, and 5) each unit can
 be  switched on  separately reducing power line voltage surges.

      The  supply air  is ducted  through twin sheet metal ducts, each half-trailer
 width,  over the full length of  the trailer.  The ducts are sealed sufficiently
 tight to  meet the strict California regulations governing commercial coach
 construction.   Four  supply registers,  Hart & Cooley Model 24 with No. 22
 damper (12" x 12"),  are installed in  the ceiling on each of the two ducts as
 shown in  the  ceiling layout (Figure 4).   Four Hart & Cooley Model 93VOH registers
 with adjustable dampers (20" wide x 24"  high) with filters are installed as re-
 turn air  registers in the inside front wall above the work bench as shown in
 Figure  7.  As shown  in Figure  1, two  similar registers, about 20" wide  x 12"
 high, are  installed  in the exterior front wall as adjustable fresh air  supplies.
 They have  hinged  covers which close to protect the registers and ducts  from
 water,  dirt,  and  insects during transport.

      The  twin air conditioning units  chosen are both Fedders Model CAC060A3
 with 15 KW electric  heat kits and low  ambient kits.  Each of the air cooled
 units is about  34" high, 46" wide, and 57" long and weighs about 540 pounds.
 Each is rated at  a nominal 5 tons capacity which is equal to the total  output
 of each unit at 85 F  outside temperature.  At 115°F outside temperature, the
 total output of each  unit is 50,000 BTU/hr. (slightly more than 4 tons  each).
 The  blower in each unit puts out 2,200 CFM at 0.10" of H90 static pressure head
 and  2,000 CFM at  0.40" of HO.  The electric heaters are installed within the
 exhaust ducts of  the  air conditioners.  Each 15 KW unit is made up of three
 5 KW elements with staged switching to reduce electric supply line surges.  As
 required by the National Electrical Code  (NEC), the electric duct heaters units
 include both an automatic thermal cutout device and a higher-temperature solder-
melt-out thermal interupt.   Each air conditioning unit has a separate heating
 and  cooling thermostat located near the front of the trailer (see Figure 6).
The  separately adjustable return air and fresh air registers allow control of
 the  amount of fresh air entering the system.   The individually adjustable supply
 registers allow the occupants to distribute the conditioned air to the needed
 locations.  The low ambient kits reduce the chance of frost buildup on  the air
 conditioning evaporators when cooling is required with an outdoor temperature
 of about 50 F.

     The air conditioning system is designed to perform as follows:

     1. With an outdoor temperature of 120°F and noon-time sun, the
        system will cool the trailer down to below 70°F with no
        instrument heat load,  but with 6 persons and full lighting.

     2. With an outdoor temperature of 120°F and noon-time sun, the
        system will cool the trailer down to about 80°F with all
        equipment which is  planned for immediate installation in
        full operation,  with 6 people, and with all lights on.

     3. With an outdoor temperature of -40°F with a cloudy sky, the
        system will heat the trailer up to 70°F with the fresh 'air
        inlet  closed and with  no interior heat gain except all  lights.
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                              THERMO-SYSTEMS INC.

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     4. The thermostats can be set to allow + 2°F control.

     A humidifier, the Humid-Aire Vapotron-4000 Infra-Red unit made by Hamilton
Humidity, Inc., is supplied for use during cold outdoor weather.  This unit is
large enough to raise inside relative humidity to about 30% at 0°F outdoor temp-
erature.  The maximum output is 2.4 gallons per hour.  The 45-pound unit can be
installed on a shelf or bench and is 25 1/2" long, 20 1/2" wide, and 10 1/2" high.
A humidistat which controls the unit has a range of 20 - 60% (+ 5%) relative
humidity.  The infra-red lamps produce nearly pure water vapor, leaving impurities
such as minerals in the teflon-coated reservoir.  In addition to an improvement in
the health of the operators, the humidifier may cause the computer to operate more
reliably.  However, the operators will not want to humidify the air unless nec-
essary because water must be carried on board.  The 2.4 gallon per hour water
usage rate means over 50 gallons per day may be necessary under extreme conditions.
Since maximum need  for the humidifier will occur with the coldest winter weather,
a garden hose or temporary water pipe is not feasible.  A dozen 5-gallon plastic
jerry cans are supplied with the trailer for water transport and storage.  De-
humidification by the air, conditioner units will reduce inside humidity to about
60% with outside humidity near 100%.

Interior and Roof Layout

     The interior floor layout for the equipment installed for the first phase
of operations is shown in Figure 3.  This layout is different from most mobile
laboratories, having an aisle down the curbside with work stations (islands) in
the center and on the roadside.  The reason for this is to separate the traffic
areas from the work places.  Nearly all aerosol instruments are located on one
island arrangement near the front of the trailer.  Additional aerosol instru-
ments are located at the front bench.  Gas instruments are located on another
island near the rear of the trailer.  Instruments on each island face either
forward or backward with some at desk-top height and others on a higher shelf
(see island views in Figures 8, 9, 11, and 12.  The rear of each instrument is
easily accessible and no instrument rests on top of another.  Repairs and adjust-
ments can thus be made without shutting down everything or interferring with any
other equipment.  The operators are not in the aisle making traffic flow much
smoother.  Many instruments can be clustered around the sampling ports with short
sampling lines and easy access to all.  This is especially important at the aerosol
island where the sampling of large particles requires vertical sampling tubes.
With the clustering of instruments on the island and with some instruments mounted
above other instruments, vertical sampling tubes can be connected to 3, 4, or
sometimes 5 instruments simultaneously.  The extra bench space on the aerosol
island and the front bench can be used for loading filter holders, loading
Andersen samplers, writing in the data book, trouble-shooting instruments, or
adding new instruments or test equipment.  The aerosol island has 2 roof access
ports and the front bench has one.  Two 6-inch diameter sampling systems with
manifolds are supplied for the three aerosol roof access ports.  All islands
have knee space and desk-height work surfaces allowing their use as a desk.  The
open knee space is located at the aisle end of every island to make easier the
entrance and exit of the computer with its protruding feet and to facilitate the
packing of long items, such as sampling tubes, for transport.  The knee space
will also be useful for temporary storage of miscellaneous items.  The gas island
                                     9
                              THERMO SYSTEMS INC.

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has only one roof access port since vertical sampling is not necessary.  However,
the adjustable shelves allows short sampling lines for gases such as ozone.  The
space between the 2 halves of the gas island allows zero and span gases to be
piped in from outside.  That same space on the aerosol island accommodates plumb-
ing to the pumps and blowers in the undercompartment.

     Between the aerosol and gas island is the computer and the data analysis
center.  The central location minimizes signal cable lengths and the walking
distance between sensor and data center.  There is enough room provided for 4
relay racks of computer or other electronics against the roadside wall.  There
is room in front of the computer for a teletype and 2 or 3 chairs.  When operat-
ing, programming, or trouble-shooting the computer data system, this amount of
space is necessary.  When it becomes necessary to work behind or alongside the
computer system, the unit(s) can be pulled out from the wall and moved around
to a convenient location.  If it becomes necessary to completely remove the
computer units, there is room to roll them either out the curbside door or past
the gas island and out the rear door.  The two roof access ports, one on either
end of the computer area, accommodate signal cables from roof-mounted equipment.

     The operators must have a place to store data, manuals, pencils, and other
necessary paper and equipment near the computer.  The data analysis island
provides file cabinets, pencil drawers, a book shelf, and a desk-work table.
Although this island, as all other islands and floor-mounted equipment, can be
easily moved or removed for future expansion and modification, some desk and
work space is a necessity near the computer.  The overhang design of the data
analysis island allows a maximum of flexibility during use as well as being
out of the way for the packing of long objects, such as sampling tubes and towers,
for transport.  A bookshelf with doors uses excess wall space for needed storage
of manuals, reference books, or even small instruments or equipment.  A bulletin
board and blackboard (chalkless type) is attached to the curbside wall opposite
the computer.  Every laboratory occupied by humans soon gains a coffee pot with
its rather messy group of accessories.  The open shelf next to the bookshelf is
an attempt to move the pot off working surfaces and yet keep it in a central
location convenient to all.  The shelf also holds a few accessories such as cups,
spoons, unbrewed coffee, sugar, cream, etc.

     There is a small, open floor space at the rear of the trailer under an extra
sampling port.  This undesignated open-space could serve as space for an additional
instrument, for a spare teletype, for roof instruments not in use, for boxes of
spare teletype paper, for file cabinets, for a refrigerator, or other equipment.
The space becomes highly valuable when packing the trailer for transport.

     EPA will be continually adding or substituting new and different instruments
as they are developed and become available.  Therefore, even though we have
designed the floor plan specifically for the instruments to be installed within
the first few months, the islands and computer are readily movable for future
modifications.  Each of the Islands is bolted to the floor with 16 easily-remove-
able lag bolts and the adjustable shelf support posts at each island are attached
to the ceiling with about 8 screws.  Thus, only about two man-days would be re-
quired to remove all islands and benches, leaving an empty shell.  A new interior
                                       10
                              THERMO-SYSTEMS INC

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layout could begin with the empty shell and 7 roof access ports.  Six of the ports
are located roughly equidistant along the length of the trailer.  The electrical
busway system, described later, allows nearly complete flexibility in the move-
ment of receptacles.  We have tried to make the laboratory as flexible as possible,
both in its present island layout and looking ahead to future layouts where the
islands and/or front bench may have to be moved or removed.

     The roof layout is also highly flexible.  The sampling tubes (described later)
rise to a height of 10 meters above the ground or about 19' above the trailer roof
level.  They bolt directly to the flanges on the sampling ports.  Guy wires hook
directly to the catwalk.  A meteorological tower is mounted on a hinged plate so
that one person may assemble the sensor, mount the sensor to the tower, and raise
the tower into place.  Guy wires anchor the tower to the catwalk.  The sensor
can easily be aligned north-and-south by matching a mark on the sensor with a
mark on the tower and sighting through diametrically opposing holes in the main
tower support pipe.  The tower support pipe can be turned by means of a tube-
within-a-tube arrangement until the operator sees a pre-chosen northerly target
through the sighting holes.  All other roof equipment bolts directly to the
catwalk by means of "J"-bolts which loop through the catwalk perforations.
Since the entire roof surface, except ports, is covered with the perforated
catwalk, equipment can be located anywhere on the roof.  A heavy-duty, single-
section, aluminum ladder provides human access to the roof wherever needed.
Standard electrical service entrance caps attach to the two ports above the
computer to allow signal cables to feed through the roof to the data system.
This type of feed-through is easy to use, easy to make, and is essentially
waterproof.  All port covers, sampling tubes, and the cable feed-through
are interchangable from one port to another.  The roof layout is thus perhaps
the most flexible part of the trailer design.

     A hoist capable of lifting at least 150 pounds mounts onto a swivel pipe
at the rear curbside corner of the roof.  A block-and-tackle allows one or two
men to raise a heavy load.  The hoist swings from the area above the rear stair
landing to the area above the roof catwalk.

     Packing of the laboratory for transport is a very important consideration.
The large items, such as the computer, and roof-mounted items, such as the hi-
vols,  are strapped to the wall using the logistic rails and straps.  Small,
delicate instruments are stored in drawers or separate boxes.  Most instruments
such as optical particle counters, gas instruments, etc., are strapped in place
on the islands.  Long tubes such as the roof-mounted sampling tubes are laid in
the aisle or in the island knee space inside the trailer.  Items about 39' in
length can be transported in the knee space area.  Papers and data pack into
the file cabinets.  Miscellaneous medium-sized boxes and equipment strap to the
lower logistic rails.  Stairs, gas bottles, boxes, electrical service supply
cables, and miscellaneous heavy equipment packs into the two undercompartments.
There is room for all the know equipment planned for the trailer during the
first several months of operation.

Electrical Design

     Many considerations, some conflicting with others, went into the design of
the electrical system.  The primary design criteria were:
                                      11
                              THERMO-SYSTEMSINC

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     1. Suitable and sufficient electrical power must be supplied to
        every part of the trailer to allow all equipment, present and
        future, to operate reliably and continuously.

     2. The electrical service connection to the source of line power
        must be convenient and must meet all applicable code requirements.

The electrical system meets all applicable National Electrical Code (NEC), State
of California, and State of Minnesota requirements for the classification of
Commercial Coach.  The service entrance design also meets State of Colorado and
City of Denver requirements.  Nearly all states and cities  allow this design
although specific areas within a city or state may have codes prohibiting the
trailer for electrical or other reasons.

     All equipment on the trailer, including the air conditioners, uses single-
phase, 115 or 230 volt power, the most commonly available power.  Triple-phase
power is not available everywhere and would needlessly limit the choice of sampling
sites.

     The trailer uses a cable-and-plug service entrance with twin cables and plugs.
The plugs connect directly to mating receptacles mounted on a feeder pole not
supplied under this contract.  The other end of the outdoor-insulated, 4-conductor
cables pass through slots in the bottom of the rear undercompartment (see Figure 1)
and into a junction box located in the upper rear curbside corner of the rear under-
compartment.  From there, wires from the separate cables pass through the trailer
floor into separate service panels (circuit breaker boxes).  One service panel
serves the air conditioning system including the humidifier.  The other service
panel serves the remainder of the trailer electrical system.  Thus, the power to
the air conditioning system is connected to the rest of the system only back at
the feeder pole, not within the trailer or service entrance cable.

     There are several reasons for using the cable-and-plug service entrance,
as shown in Figure 14, rather than the overhead mast entrance.  Both systems
require a separate feeder pole, not attached to the trailer, which has mounted
upon  it a power company watt meter and a single switch which disconnects power
to the entire facility.  However, the feeder pole for the cable-and-plug system
can be completely wired before the trailer arrives, so that the operators need
only connect the plug(s) and throw the switch to have power.  The overhead mast
would require the reassembly of the mast and the restringing of wires on the
roof of the trailer and the stringing of wires from the feeder pole to the
trailer by a licensed electrician.  Thus, the cable-and-plug system results in
fewer costly and time consuming delays in getting the laboratory into operation.
The cable-and-plug system has similar advantages at the time of packup.  The
overhead mast assembly also requires a hand rail to prevent roof top operators
from accldently contacting live wires.  Thus, the overhead mast system would
be bulky, would require excessive operator time to assemble and disassemble for
every site, and would result in excessive delays in getting power connected.
                                       12
                              THERMO-SYSTEMS INC

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     There are also several reasons for using 2 cables rather than one.   A
single cable large enough for 400 amps - 230 volts is heavy,  making it difficult
to handle during packing.  Two smaller cables coil up more neatly and easily in-
to the undercompartment.  A single large plug is also more difficult to connect
to its receptacle.  Another important reason is to separate the air conditioning
load from the rest of the system, reducing the power line fluctuations when the
air conditioners switch on or off.

     The layout of circuits within the air conditioning service panel is shown
in Figure 15 and Table 1.  Each of the two air conditioning units requires one
60 amp-230 volt circuit for the cooling unit and three 20 amp-230 volt circuits
for the heating unit.  In addition, the humidifier requires one 40 amp-230 volt
circuit.  The entire panel is protected by a 200 amp main breaker.  As with
the entire electrical system, the neutral (white) line is insulated from the
ground (green) line.  The conduit runs to the 2 air conditioners pass through
the interior of the trailer along the curbside ceiling.  Each air conditioner
circuit has a separate disconnect box mounted on the exterior front wall just
below the air conditioners and fresh air registers.  The thermostat controls
are mounted on the curbside wall near the front of the trailer, near the return
air registers.  The humidifier has a separate 230 volt outlet near the rear of
the interior.  All wire and conduit sizes are at least as large as NEC requires
and usually are somewhat larger.  Some extra space is left for the addition of
more circuit breakers in the air conditioner service panel at some time in the
future.

     The layout of circuits within the instrument systems service panel is shown
in Figure 16 and Table 2.  Again, the entire panel is protected with 200 amp-230
volt main breakers.  Each of twin busway systems is fused with 60 amp-230 volt
breakers.  Each of the other circuits are fused with breakers as shown in Table 1.
The approximate locations of the outlets for each circuit are shown in Figures
17 and 18.  Major electrical components and their model numbers are identified
on the figures.  Conduit runs do not interfere with other features described in
this report.

     The twin busway system is an excellent way to distribute power throughout
a facility such as this and yet retain the flexibility to change the location of
major power usage later.  Each of the two busway systems consists of an insulated
bar, acting as a receptacle, running the length of the trailer.  One busway is
located about 14" from the roadside wall and the other about 28" from the curb-
side wall, making both of them convenient to the islands but also making them
useful for future layouts.  Separately-fused plugs can be inserted into the bar
at any point of its run.  The plugs are attached to a short extension cord with
a standard 115 volt outlet receptacle on the opposite end.  Normally, a standard
extension cord of appropriate length and with the necessary number of standard
115 volt receptacles is connected to the short extension cord.  Each separately
fused plug-and-cord unit then becomes a separate circuit.  If the circuit is no
longer needed at a specific location, it may be unplugged and moved to a needed
                                       13
                              THERMO SYSTEMS INC

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location.  Additional fused circuits (either 115 volt or 230 volt) may be added
so long as there is physical room left on the busway and so long as the total
power drawn by all busway circuits does not exceed the rating of the main breaker
on the busway.  The trailer was delivered with 25 of the 15 amp-115 volt plug-in
fused circuits and 4 of the 30 amp-230 volt fusible tap boxes.

     The lights are 24 incandescent lamps located approximately as shown in
Figure 3.  Incandescent lamps produce less electronic noise, which can cause
computer or electronic problems, than fluorescent lights.  The fixtures are
rated for 150-watt lamps, but we supplied heavy duty 100-watt lamps.  The
fixtures have a heavy duty, shatter-proof diffuser cover which will not break
if hit by a .22 caliber bullet.  All fixtures and conduits in the lighting system,
as with nearly all other conduits, are on the outside of the walls and ceiling,
making future changes easier and maintaining the integrity of the walls, ceiling,
and structure of the trailer.  The lights are arranged in 4 circuits and are laid
out so that turning on any one circuit turns on every second fixture, on either
the left or right side, from front to rear.  Thus, turning only 2 circuits on
lights the entire trailer with half as much intensity.  All 4 light circuits have
switches near the rear door and one has 3-way switches at the rear and side doors.

     A separate pair of 20 amp-115 volt circuits run to the computer area.  They
are isolated for protection from power line voltage spikes and are also regulated
to supply constant voltage with fluctuating power line voltage.  The isolator and
regulators are shock-mounted (for noise reduction) in the front undercompartment.
The outlet receptacles are located on the roadside wall about 6.5' above the floor
so that the computer may be tied flat against the wall during transport.  The
model numbers and specifications of the regulators and isolator are as follows:

     Topaz 8 LRB115SN    AC line regulator, 8 KVA, 115 VAC output +3.3%
      (2 supplied)       with 105-125 VAC input.

     General Electric    60 Hz, 120 VAC output with 240 VAC input, 15 KVA,
     9T21B9101G3         single-phase isolation transformer.

     There are three 20 amp-115 volt circuits on the front exterior of the trailer
and three 20 amp-115 volt circuits on the rear exterior.  Each has 4 weather-proof
outlet receptacles pointing downward to prevent rain from entering them while in
use.  There are no outlet receptacles on the roof because they cannot be pointed
downward as most codes require.  Necessary power for the roof is supplied from
the front, rear, or undercompartment receptacles by means of extension cords and
weather-proof duplex boxes.

     The large undercompartment contains four 20 amp-115 volt circuits and four
20 amp-230 volt circuits, each with 4 outlet receptacles.  The small undercompart-
ment contains one 20 amp-115 volt and one 20 amp-230 volt circuits, each with 4
outlet receptacles.  Vacuum pumps, blowers, and other equipment are powered by
these circuits.
                                       14

                              THERMO-SYSTEMS INC

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Lightning Protection

     Since the mobile laboratory will be used in areas where thunder storms often
occur, some degree of lightning protection was provided.  The direct hit protection
system consists of 3 copper grounding conductors extending from the base of the 3
sampling towers to 3 separate copper ground rods which extend 6-8 feet into the
ground.  A bolt connects the copper wire to the sampling tube and a clamp connects
the copper wire to the ground rod.  The 3 ground rods should be separated by 20
feet, if possible, and should make good electrical contact with the earth around
the rod.  Keeping the ground around the rods wet helps electrical conduction.

     Each of the incoming electrical power lines has a lightning arrester on
the ground line which helps prevent high voltage spikes caused by nearby
lightning strikes from entering the trailer through the ground conductor.  This
will not prevent all such damage, but will reduce the frequency and severity
of equipment damage.

     The lightning protection problem was Investigated in considerable detail
before finalizing the above design.  It appears that full lightning protection
is npt possible and anything approaching it is very expensive and is not practical
for use on a mobile facility.  The next step above the existing system in com-
plexity and protection capability is probably a conducting cable which connects
the 3 sampling tubes and extends downward to the ground ahead and behind the
trailer.  This system was rejected because of the difficulty of installation
and disassembly at each sampling site.  The system provided was recommended by
a consultant and appears to meet the recommendations of the Lightning Protection
Code 1968 of the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA No. 78 ANCI C5.1 1969).

     The cone-of-protection concept is important in lightning protection.  Lightning
tends to strike the tallest objects in an area.  Objects which are located within a
cone defined by a 45  line from the top of the object to the ground will be struck
only rarely, particularly if the tall object is a good conductor.  If the meteoro-
logical tower is located within 5 feet of any of the 3 grounded sampling tubes, all
objects provided by this contract are protected by the 45° cone-of-protection.  Any
future additions to the roof should consider this aspect carefully.

     Summarizing, although the system provided will reduce the frequency and severity
of lightning strike damage, extensive damage may still occur in the case of either a
direct hit or a nearby strike.  The mobile laboratory is not a safe place during a
thunderstorm.

Sampling System

     The accuracy of the measurements made by the instruments in the laboratory
depends directly on the representativeness of the pollution sample delivered to
the instruments.  Since sampling errors is probably the largest single error in
most of the measurements, the design of the sampling system is especially im-
portant.  The system is designed to: 1) remove a representative sample from the
air mass above the trailer, and 2) transport that sample into the instrument with
a minimum of change.
                                      15
                              THERMO SYSTEMS INC

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     The major particle sampling problems are:
                i
     1. Losses of large particles by inertial and gravitational forces
        acting on the particles, and

     2. Losses of very small particles by the diffusion of particles to
        sampling system walls.

The design used for this laboratory has strictly vertical sampling tubes leading
to any instrument which samples large particles, essentially eliminating grav-
itational losses.  It also has a wind shield at the sampling tube entrance to
reduce the velocity of large wind-blown particles so that they are not impacted
against the inside wall of the tube at the inlet.  Diffusion losses are reduced
by using correct flow rates and tube diameters, and by keeping tubing length as
short as possible.  All sampling tubes pass through the roof access ports located
above islands as shown in many of the figures.  Figure 19 shows the design for
the aerosol sampling and transport system.  An access port feed-thru bolts to the
access port flange.  A 6" diameter vertical sampling tube bolts to the port feed-
thru above the roof and extends about 10 meters above ground level.  A wind shield
attaches to the top of the sampling tube.  In addition to reducing wind velocity
at the sampling tube inlet, the wind shield openings are covered with wire mesh
screen to reduce the chance of sampling insects, leaves, twigs, etc.  Guy wires
attach to the wind shield and to the catwalk to support the sampling tubes in
high winds.  Each sampling tube requires only 2 men to raise or lower it.

     Inside the trailer, the access port feed-thru extends several inches below
the ceiling.  A sampling manifold clamps onto the feed-thru.  The manifold dis-
tributes samples to the various instruments.  Instruments which sample large
particles (greater than 1 ym diameter) are arranged directly below the manifold
with vertical sampling tubes protruding into the manifold.  Instruments which
sample particles smaller than 1 ym draw their sample from tubes clustered around
the manifold wall.  Nuclei counters sample through short tubes from within the
manifold at a point away from the boundary layer of the manifold wall.  A separate
outlet near the bottom of the manifold connects to a vacuum blower which maintains
proper air flow through the system with any number of instruments in operation.
All tubes which remove samples for large-particle samplers are sized to maintain
approximately isokinetic sampling from the manifold.  A separate tube allows rain
water to drain through the bottom of the manifold to the ground below the trailer.
The entire manifold is easily removable from the feed-thru if it becomes necessary
to move it or if a new one of different design is required.  The inside diameter
of the system is maintained constant from the inlet at the wind shield up to and
including the manifold.  The gas sampling tube is 2" inside diameter and the
aerosol sampling tubes are 6" inside diameter.  Instruments are clustered, in a
3-dimensional layout, on the islands or work benches.  The aerosol island has
two sampling systems, the gas island has one, and the front bench accommodates
one of the aerosol manifolds, if it is necessary.
                                     16
                              THERMO-SYSTEMS INC

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     The complete gas sampling system is shown schematically in Figure 20.   The
two complete aerosol sampling systems are shown schematically in Figures 21 and
22.  Vacuum pumps and blowers are mounted in the undercompartments on shock
mounts.  Flowmeters and flow control valves for the 3 bypass air systems are
mounted on individual panels on the wall near the islands and convenient to the
operators.

     The specific 'instrument arrangement for the 1973 St. Louis program was
as follows.  Two Anderson samplers sampled vertically from the front bench aerosol
manifold (Figure 7).  A nephelometer, mounted on the front roadside wall, drew a
sample from the same manifold.  The 0.5 - 5.0 ym optical counter rested on the
lower bench top of the aerosol island directly below the roadside aerosol manifold.
A Lundgren 8-day sampler and a 47-mm total particle filter rested on the shelf
above the optical counter and also sampled vertically downward from the same
manifold.  The large (>5.0 ym) optical particle counter was located on the •
roof to reduce particle losses.  A condensation nuclei counter rested on the
upper shelf near the 47-mm filter holder with an electrical aerosol size analyzer
located just below it on the lower bench top.  Both drew samples from the road-
side aerosol manifold.  A second nephelometer, mounted on the roadside wall near
the first one, drew a sample from the roadside aerosol manifold.  A dew point
sensor and a particle mass monitor were located on the other upper shelf of the
aerosol'island and drew samples from the roadside aerosol manifold.  Several
other instruments were connected and disconnected from both aerosol manifolds
as required.

     Gas sampling instruments were clustered around the manifold above the gas
island.  The Beckman 6800 was on the lower bench top facing the data island.
The ozone analyzer was on an upper shelf near the manifold with a short sample
line.  Other gas analyzers such as a sulfur analyzer and an NO-NO  analyzer
were arranged wherever convenient.  Several strip chart recorders connected to
specific instruments operated on the gas island also.

     This instrument layout is only one of many possible layouts.  As other in-
struments are added or replace present instruments, it will be very easy to re-
arrange the layout to suit the new requirements.

                                   SUMMARY

     The mobile laboratory supplied to EPA specifically met the requirements
for the St. Louis program in late 1973.  It also has a great deal of flexibility
for adaptation to other programs.  Even major layout changes can be done quickly
and without serious problems.  The laboratory is capable of efficient operation
for many years to come.  Figures 24 - 33 are photographs of the laboratory.
                                       17

                              THERMO-SYSTEMSINC

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     Table 1. Circuit breaker layout in the air conditioning  systems control panel
                                No.  of
Breaker No.  Voltage     Amps  Receptacles  Identification
1 & 5          230        60       -        Air  conditioner, roadside

9 & 13         230        40       -        Heater,  10 KW, roadside

17 & 21        230        20       -        Heater,  5 KW, roadside

2 & 6          230        60       -        Air  conditioner, curbside

10 & 14        230        40       -        Heater,  10 KW, curbside

18 & 22        230        20       -        Heater,  5 KW, curbside

26 & 30        230        40       1        Humidifier

25              -               •   -        Open

27              -                           Open

29              -                           Open

31              -         -        -        Open

33-40         -         -        -        Open
                                          18
                                   THERMO SYSTEMS INC.

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Table 2.  Circuit breaker  layout in the instrument systems control panel
                    No.  of
Breaker No.
1 & 5
2 & 6
9
10
11
12
13
14
15 & 17
16
18
19 & 21
20
22
23 & 25
24
26
27 & 29
28
30
31
32
33
34
35 - 40
Voltage
115/230
115/230
115
115
115
115
115
115
230
115
115
230
115
115
230
115
115
230
• 115
115
115
115
-
115
-
Amps
60
60
20
15
20
15
20
15
20
15
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
-
30
-
Receptacles
-
-
4
9
4
6
4
6
4
6
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
-
4
-
Identification
Busway 1
Busway 2
Forward under comp. , pumps & blowers
150W interior lights, 3W switch; under comp. lights
Forward under comp., pumps & blowers
150W interior lights
Forward undercomp. , pumps & blowers, cooling fans
150W interior lights
Forward undercomp. , pumps & blowers
150W interior lights
Weatherproof exterior front, roof & ground equip.
Forward undercomp., pumps & blowers
Weatherproof exterior front, roof & ground equip.
Weatherproof exterior front, roof & ground equip.
Forward undercomp. , pumps & blowers
Weatherproof exterior rear, roof & ground equip.
Weatherproof exterior rear, roof & ground equip.
Rear undercomp. , pumps & blowers
Weatherproof exterior rear, roof & ground equip.
Regulated & isolated, computer.
Rear undercomp., pumps & blowers
Regulated & isolated, computer
Open
Rear interior, special equipment
Open
                                19
                        THERMO-SYSTEMS INC.

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                                                                            -37'CC
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                                                                                                                                                                          AIR CONDITIONERS

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                                                                                                                                                                                         -,RT4COOLEY 9SVOH  WITH
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                                                                                                                                                                                                      PLACES
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                                                              STOWAGE & EQUIPMENT STOWAGE
                                                            -RED REFLECTOR
                                                                                                    II
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                                                                                                   ^- AMBER REFLECTOR
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                                                                                                                                                                (INDIVIDUALLY ADJUSTABLE)
                                                                                                                                                                       a PLACES
                                                                                                                                                                                              FRONT
                                                                           Figure 1.  Exterior curbside,  rear,  front,  and roof views
                               20

-------
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Figure 2: Exterior roadside view

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                                                  CURB-SIDE
                                                                   \L—'/
                                                                        PROMT
                                                    SCALE
                             Figure 3:  Interior floor plan  for  the 1973 programs

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10
U)
             REAR
                                   INCANDESCENT LIGHTS
                                   KCNALLMANUFACTORING CO.
                                     PRtlMATe NO.
                                                                   AIR CONDITIONING SUPPLY DUCT DIVIDER
                              AIR CONDITIONER RCaiCTCR 17 fe*
                                    HART- COO LY
                              CEILINQ DIPFUSAIRC N0.24frOAMPE« HCX22
                                                      j' r f
FRONT
                                                                                                14'
                          10* O.D. ACCESS PORTS
                                       Figure  4:  Interior ceiling layout

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                           TWO
                           •bT.CHA.RLE*

                            PART NO.6-\-250 OS
   CABINET,WINGED DOOR W/LOCK
   TWO
         BY-PAft» AtR CONTROL.

TWO AIR CONDITIONING

CQMPLSTCLX ENCLOSED IN
                                                                                 POWER OUTLCT5
           REA.R
  606-BA« , 14 PL AC 6 ft
  ST. CMAPLES K.ITCV4CNS
  TOR 24" UN *T* PART NO. 243 B
  FOR te* UNIT*, PART
         NO. H - -Z4-SO L.

                         W/LOCK

     TWO ADJUST A, BLt

                 KITCMCN*

      PART NO. H-
                                         FRONT
      ^"QDSTAINUESSSTCILTUBe
      ^    VACUUM *••—• ~
            DRAMVW.
            KlTCKlM«k
  PART NO. E-I*SD
CABINET ,
ST.CHARLE% KITCHENS
PART MO. C-1&24 ^% D
w ITK TUMBLER LOCKS
                                               O'
                              GAS ISLAND   DATA ANALYSIS  COMPUTER

                                             ISLAvMD
                     AEROSOL.    FRONT
                                     Figure  5:  Interior roadside wall

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                       CEIUNG CROSSBOW* OH Z4*CCNTCR«

                         FIRK EXTtNGUt%H?R

                            MR CONDITIONING
                                             rCUkRlDQV PRODUCTS*
                                                        IMC.
LOQICTIC RAILft
PROMT
 UX3»l*TlC
                      EQOVPMCNT
                       ^iRCONOlTtQNER COMTIUM.
                                                                                            CIRCUIT
                                                                                        .C, ISO. TMZOZOS
                                                                                                       CONTOOL.
                                                                                    2OOAHP CIRCUIT SRKAKffll
                                                                                       G.E. NO.TM20Z03
                          REAR

                        FIRE ffXTIN6OI«V4f*




                         H0TCH «>R SERVICE CABLE*
                               Figure  6:  Interior curbside wall

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                                      6UVBAR
•Z AEROSOL. ctANi FOL.D
                   ROAD-SIDE
    CABINET, 3 DRAWER
    ST.CWABLCS KITCHENS
    PA»T HO. E- Z424\ D-Z.
   (TOP DBAV^ER SPuiT HOBil.) —'
                                                         AIB CONDITION IISIC^

                                                                 r- BUS- BAR.
                                                          \\        \
                                                                                           -coco AIR  RETURNS
                                                                                            HARTfiCOOLEV REGISTERS
                                                                                                 PA.RT MO 9 5.VOH
                                                                                           -THERMO&TA.TS
                CURB-SIDE
                                                                                         	COUNTER TOPS
                                                                                            FORMICA
                       CABINET, -3.OaA.VJGB.
                       ST. CHARl_eS KITCHENS
                       PART MO. E-24249k D*Z.
                      (TOP f BOTTOM D«AWE8» SPl_lT MOftlZ..)
                         CABINET, -
                         *T.CHARv_ES KITCHENS
                         PART MO. E.-iBZ^5fe 0-2.
                        (.TOP DROVER SPUT HORIH,) -
           DRAWER
•ST. CHARLES <|TCMEMS
P*>,RT NO. E-15 SD
                                               0       )'      2'      3'
                                               ll il II h il nl   l   I    I   I
                                                        SCALE
                               Figure  7:  Interior front  wall  and  work  bench

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AlR
INCANDESCENT UGHTS •


ADJUSTABLE *>HCl_F
                  CURB-SIDE
                                                                 AERO •SOL. Access PORTS.

                                                                           /-BOS-BAR.
                                                                                      	VERTICAA- UPRIGHT
                                                                                         UNISTRUT NO
                                                                                         SHELF
                                                                                         UNISTROT NO.
                                                                              RO^D-SlDE
                                                                                 ^ — CABINET , 4
                                                                                    <=>T. CHA.Rl_e«
                                                                                    ?=><». R.-T rao.
                                                                                   (Top ^ BOTTOM
                                                                                                         sPuir
                                                                                         C.A.BiK»er , HIisdtD DOOR
                                                                                               HO.
                                                           2'
                                                            3'
                                                            I
                                                     SCALE

                        Figure  8: View  looking  rearward  at  the  aerosol  island

-------
                                                              v- AEROSOL ACCESS PORTS
                •l AEROSOL MANIFOLD
                      TO BLOWER
              ADJUSTABLE SHELF
oo
            CABINET  HINGED DOOR*
            T*JO ADJUSTABLE SHELVE*
            <=r.CHAIZ.LE% KITC.MENS
            PA.RT IsiO. E- 2^2-4?^ CF —
                                                                                                  AIR CONDITIONER
                                                                                                — INCANDESCEMT LIGHTS
                                                                                               CURB-SIDE
                                                                                                  SHELF  BRACKET
                                                                                                  UN l STRUT NO. P-Z4S7
                                                                                                   VERTICAL.
                                                                                                   ONISTRUT NO.
                                                                                                  COUNTER TOP
ST.
                                                                                                        NO.  E- IS SD
                                                                                                   CABINET , -i D«AWE«.
                                                                                                   5T.CMARL.es
                                                                                                  (.TOP
                                     Figure  9: View looking forward at the aerosol island

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                                                       - ACCESS PORT
                                           BUS-BAR
                                                                 r- BUS-BAR
          AIR CONDITIONER
ho
vo
                       ROAD-SIDE
t,   ^=^a
                                                                     A
                                           CABINET, E-DKAvsJER vM/i_OCKS
                                           e>r. CHARLES KITCHENS
                                                                                    	INCANDESCENT BIGHTS
                                                                                   CURB-SIDE
                                                                                       COUNTER TOP

                                                                                       FORMIC A" C.5I
                                                         SCALE
                            Figure 10:  View looking forward at the  data analysis island

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                                                                       - GAS ACCESS PORT
                                                                                SOS-BAR
           AIR CONDITIONER



              INCANDESCENT L.IGHTS


                           SWELF
               FORMIC*. *
U>
O
              COUNTER. TOP
              SUSPENDED
              •5T. CHARl-ES KiTCHCNS
              p»sl«T MO. E-li SD
                         CURB-SIDE
                                                                                                	 G&S MANIFOLD
                                                                                                 SHELF
                                                                                                 UN I STRUT NO.
                                                                                                          uP«iGt-n-
                                                                                                         NO. P-S3OO
CABINET 5  3
=>T. CHARLES KlTCMeNS
 PA.RT MO. £• Z+Z+yo D-l
(TOP OR*VJe«4 -3PL.IT MORiT..)

CABINET, HINGED DOOR 6-H)
TWO ADJUSTABLE SHELVES
•bT.CHARLES KITCHENS
     NO. e- i
                                                              SCALE
                                     Figure 11: View  looking  rearward at  the  gas  island

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                                        Bus-
                                                     GAS ACCESS PORT
                                                                 r BUS-BAR
             MANIFOLD
                SHE.L.F —
      FORMICA
                      ROAD-SIDE
CABINET, 3 DRAWER
"aT. CMABLCS KITCHCNb
PART MO. ff-Z
-------
                                                             ,- BUS. BAR
                                                                                      3US
rs>
       TWO 30' SERVICE CABl_£5-
                                                                                              BUS-BAE JUNCTION SOX
                                                                                            — LOGISTIC
                                                                                           ROAD-SIDE
                                                                                                  45*
                                                      0     I'     2'     3'
                                                            SCALE





                                              Figure 13:  Interior rear wall

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                NEUTRAL
                 } TO POWER LINE
        •MAST
        FEEDER POLE PANEL
   O    -
   METER    —
   METER
  CURRENT
TRANSFORMER
RECEPTACLE, I,
CROUSE-MINOS
NO. AREA20426
                                                    AIR CONDITIONER
                                                    CONTROL PANEL
                                                    200AMP SERVICE

                                                 INSTRUMENT SYSTEMS
                                                    CONTROL PANEL
                                                    200 AMP SERVICE
                                GROUND ROD
                                 RECEPTACLE.2,
                                 C ROUSE-HINDS
                                 NO.AREA20426
                                INSTRUMENT SYSTEMS CABLE
                                  AIR CONDITIONER CABLE
                                                                                            MOBILE LABORATORY
                                                                                              SEMI TRAILER
                                                                                                •REAR UNOERCOMPAHTMENT

                                                                                          •SERVICE ENTRANCE JUNCTION BOX
                   INSTRUMENT SYSTEMS PLUG
                       CROUSE-MINOS
                        NO.AP2046?
       -AIR CONDITIONER PLUG
          CBOUSE-MINDS
                                                                •30FT. WESTERN INSULATED WIRE
                                                                  BRONCO 66 CERTIFIED
                                                                3 CONDUCTOR 0 90° ZA)6
                                                                        XL BUTYL
                                                                     ZOO AMP CAPACITY
             Figure 14:  Feeder  pole  and cable-and-plug electrical service entrance

-------
f CWD 4GA B**e C°
ji , cccncotCQu.rr Ci V3 GA TMW B»-AC»
<• 1 FSEOER SERVICE o 	 '
20OAMP IO/Z3OVAC ' i_i V^GA THW WHITE
ft 3/06ATMWRCO*
T«t FULL LlNGT* OP IHSULATlO** OH WIRE PlOTUOlNG
irVTHt DISTRIBUTION PANEL * 1«f «»W\CC JJNCTiQN
eox SHALL ae ?AIN>TTD COLOR specie IED
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i !
, i
i
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HEATER /W\ I J
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,-__. 30A ^r^ 17
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x-^ 27
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^ 33
x-s 37

X-N 39

IKISUI
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ATI
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1
:0h


[ GROUND

\ MAIN CIRCUIT BREAKER
7 2OOAMP
a XTX fcOA ^-,5
! ! 1?
• i >-
& x-K tOA 0_UO __/
IO xp 5OA o-po
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\
>
30 


^S HUMIDIFIER
-y C..4KW










Figure 15: Circuit layout of the air conditioning service panel



                            34

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* Z FEEDER SERVICE
 2OOAMP
 6OH2 SINGLE PHASE
                                            ZGA TO COMPUTER
                          3/OGA THW BLACK
3/OGA THW WHITE*
                                              * THE HULL LENGTH OF INSUUkTlON ON WIRE PROTRUDING
                                                              PA.NEL, a. THE
                                                                   COLOR
                                               MAIN  CIRCUIT BREAKER
                                                                 REAR UNDERCOMPT
                                                                     LIGHTS
                  CENTER
               UNOEBCOMPr   20A
                                                              (~)4	
                 CE^JTER
                  UNDER
                  COMPT
                 CENTER
                 UNDER- (  14
                 COMPT
                  REAR
                 UNDER-
                 COMPr
                   REAR UNDERCOMPT

                       x-x  20A s~^ 33
  Figure  16:  Circuit layout of the instrument systems  service  panel

                                         35

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u>
 MOT€:
                                      S, I I4b (h)
                                      S,i:iZb(h)
                                                                                                      FROIS4T
                         OTHER* l«iE <=,PeClFlED
FROM ©
ALL WIRES ARC
GENERAL --
  • DCNOTSS INSTRUMBNT SYSTEMS CONTROL PAMEL
  62 DEMOTES AIR CONDITIONING CONTROL. PANEL.
  -0- DENOTES CEILING. LAMP HOLDER
   O DENOTES <»PCOAI_ PURPOSC OUTLET
   s DEMOTES SINGLE POLE SWITCH
   SaDENOTES  3-WAX SWITCH
   £X*  DENOTES CIRCUIT I4O.X. IN A.IR CONO. COMT, PANEL
   ^Xb DENOTE* CIRCUIT NO.XIN INSTRSYS.COKT.
   © DENOTES  &KVA LINE VOLTAGE REGULATOR LOCATED
     IN CCMTCR
          SCHEDULE OF OUTUtT* ft FIXTURES
                          OmCRlPTlON
                                      . TMSOtOS ZOOAMP 6OHt
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 C
 d
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                                                                                    DtWRIBUTtOMf«NEL;GE,TM2OZO*ZOO«MP*OMt
                                                                                     %WtRC U«V2BOVAC ^INGLJE PVAASC
                                                                                    BUS WAY > Oe. LW^2<» 3MIRC «iOAMP 210 VAC ,
                                                                                    OUTLET: SOAMP i2s/25ov
                                                                                     STRA\GKT
                                                                                    OUTLET: SOAMP IZVZVOV/ACIMVC
                                                                                     STRAlftHT AUkDC - HU»KLL
                                                                                    LIGHT FlKTUm:Ke
                                                                                    SINGLE POLE SWITCH: \OAMP
                                                                                      VTANOARO
                2.

                4
                                                                                    OUTLET: BOAMF
                                                                                     TWIV-LOCK
                             Figure 17: Outlet receptacle  locations  of each interior circuit

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                                                          - SIDE
                                        TO COMPUTER CENTER,
                                       (INTERIOR ROAD-«koe WMJL)
                                                                                                        VOOA
-0-
                         REAR
                   VJNDEfcCOMPARTMENT
ALL WIRE ft ARI I2GA UML»» OTMCRWI«K SPECIFIED
GENERAL 9YMBOLS:
    DENOTE* CEILING LAMPHOLDER
 _  DENOTE-* DUPLEX OUTLET
       X« NUMBER OP RECEPTACLES
  * DENOTES WEATHER PROOF DUPLEX OUTLET
       X* MUM BE* OF RECEPTACLES
 S  DENOTES  SINGLE POLE SWITCH
 O  DENOTES SPECJA.L PURPOSE OUTLET
    DEMOTES 6KVA LINE VOLTAAE REGULATOR
    DENOTES ISOLATION TRANSFORMER
    DEMOTES CIRCU\TNO-X IM AIR CONCX CONT. PANEL
IXb DENOTES  CIRCUIT V40.X IN INSTR. SYS CO KIT. PANEL
  U NOCRCOHPARTMENT
CURS-SIDE       SCHEDULE
                 SYM  QTV
                  -f    Z1
                                                                          OF OUTLETS
                  Tl
                  p
                  r
                                                                        I
                                                                        2
DUPLCX: ZOAMP t2ftVACORDCS-MIR*
&BOUKDING STRAIGHT BLAOi
LIGHTING nXTOJte: KENALL MFC. CO*
 PRHMAT1 * "ta^O
SINGLE POLE SMITCn: lOAMr I2SVAC
 STANDARD  GRADE -TOGaLE
DUPLEX: eOAMP ZSOVAC ORDC
 GROUNDING STRAIQKT BLADE
LINE VOLTAGE REGULATOR'. AW A
ISOLATION TRANSFORMER'. I
AIR CONDITIONER:
                           Figure 18.  Outlet receptacle locations of each exterior circuit

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                            POLLUTION SAMPLE
WORM-DRIVE CLAMP-
  3 PLACES
     WIND SHIELD-
       ID METERS ABOVE
       GROUND LEVEL
                            POLLUTION SAMPLE
                                I I  »
                                                   GASKET
-ACCESS PORT FEED-THRU
 (REMOVED 4 REPLACED
  BY PLAIN PORT COVER
BOLTS (6
iJn£££ik
tfjffiv
CATWALK

feskiJCAtife°ili
Cf
FALSE CEILING
kNDARO CAM LATCHES
THE SAMPLING MANIF
POINT FOR QUICK RE.I
POLLUTION SAMPLES
TO INSTRUMENTS
SAMPLING MANIFO
BOLTS16)
iS^

$$$$$$$&



OLD >
*OVAL^ f
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— c
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11 1
2 i
i
i
/ / FOR TRANSPO
(St-"/ / rrn
^3R^sS^s^





I \
E^^- BASKET
^1^

^J

AIR CONDITIONING
SUPPLY DUCT

-ROOF ACCESS PORT
0^~* POLLUTION SAMPLES
U_» TO INSTRUMENTS
TO BLOWER FOR
H-*. MAINTAINING CONTINUOUS
1 	 ' SAMPLE LINE FLOW
1
                                1 i  i
                            POLLUTION SAMPLES
                             TO INSTRUMENTS
    Figure  19:  Aerosol  sampling and  transport system

                               38

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  SAMPLE
   GAS

  111
WATER
DRAIN
                   GAS MAN I FOLD
                    MEL.OV  OZONE
                      ANALYSER
                     BEND1K  NO-
                     NOK ANALYSER
                    MELOY SULFUR
                     BECKMAN HC
                       AMALY2ER
           OPTIONAL
           PRE- FILTER
                ADJUST
                VALVE
              GAS BYPASS PANEL
                         ADJUST
                         VALVE
                              I
                              CENTER
                               UNDER-
                            GO MPARTMENT
                                                      1
I FLOW METER
                           I ROTRON CHE^   I
                           I   BLOWER     I
   Figure 20: Schematic of gas sampling system
                     39

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         AEROSOL
          HI
                 a.
                 o
                 i/I
         ISOKINETIC
        BOTTOM TAPS
CURB-SIDE AERO SOL MAN I FOLD
                          ESC GIANT PARTICLE
                           OPTICAL COUNTER
                                CURB-SIDE
                                AEROSOL-
                               BY-PASS RMS EL
                                              J
           AOJUSii
            VALVE I
 JFL6WMETER     J
                      I         I
                      I OPTIONAL i
                     t DILUTER ,
                      I	!
    OPTICAL COUNTER
     0,S-5.0 MICRONS
                   ANDERSEN
                   IMPACTOR
                       \
                               I7i
    PANE LI
 ^h
                                         ADJUST
                                         VALVE
                               JFLOWMETER
                  ANDERSEN
                   IMPACTOR
 |A"I

•f
                               AIPANEL2
                               I
     1

  _i
ADJUST)
VALVE j
                  ANDERSEN
                   VMPACTOR
                       5
                               IFLOWMETER
                               AI PANEL 3     "^
                               I
            &n
                   ANDERSEN
                   IMPACTOR
    __^.__J

 [A! PANEL4   -j-  |
 H	^-(5
-------
       AEROSOL
t t 1
)
NAL|
TER
_l

ELECT.
TS3
CONDi NUC-
COUNTER
E/l RICH IOO

PART COUNT

NEPMELOMETER 1
MRI ISSO- SPECIAL

NEPHELOMETER 2.
MRI IS50- SPECIAL
	
AEROSOL
BY- PASS PANEL
/
T\_l ADJUST
\1-/ VALVE
PLOWMETER


CASSETTE SAMPLER
X-RAY FLUORESCENCE
OPTIONAL FILTER PANEL
f~*\ VACUUM
^£' GAGE _,_
1 CENTER
UNDER-
COMPART ^E" NT
i ArV ~t
^Cy^
ROTRON
_ cnea
^ BLOWER
ADJUST
VALVE
w
rTT3^
1 vl/
ROTRON CMEZ
BLOWER
RELIEF
VALVE . 	 ,
 I  FILTER  i_|_L,	J-X^V>.J.
7 SAMPLER, [  .      !  _  /T-^<->r |
 I  -4TMM     '      L^jrV-l ADJUSTi
 I	1   |       vy    VALVB
              i   FLOW METER.      I
                                                      GA5T lOZi
                                                       VACUUM

Figure 22: Schematic of aerosol sampling system which excludes

           Anderson samplers
                              41

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                                       8KVA
     60A
23OVAC
      I5KVA
    ISOLATION
  TRANSFORMER

I   HI +   +XI  ^  |
                                       8KVA
                                    REGULATOR
 Figure 23.  Electrical schematic  of isolation-regulation transformers for
           computer power
                             42

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Figure 24. Photograph of exterior  curbside
Figure 25.  Photograph  of exterior roadside
                       43
               THERMO SYSTEMS INC

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Figure 26. Photograph of interior aerosol  island and front wall
Figure 27.  Photograph of  interior looking rearward at the data
           analysis  island
                                ,4sVs
THERMO-SYSTEMS INC

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Figure 28. Photograph of aerosol manifolds and flow control panels
Figure 29.  Closeup photograph  of aerosol manifold designed for 4 Anderson
           samplers
                                   45
                             THERMO-SYSTEMS INC

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Figure 30. Closeup photograph of gas manifold also showing  a  fused plug
           connected to the electrical busway
Figure 31. Exterior photograph of  both aerosol sampling stacks showing
           windshields
                                      46
                              THERMO-SYSTEMS INC

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Figure 32.  Photograph of  typical  electrical feeder pole showing 2 cables
           from the laboratory plugged into the feeder pole setup
Figure 33. Photograph of  a tractor  connected to the trailer, nearly ready
           for transport
                                     47

                             THERMO SYSTEMS INC

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                                   TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                            (Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
     650/4-74-017
                                                           3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
   Design of the EPA  Semi-Trailer
   Mobile Air Pollution Laboratory
5. REPORT DATE
     December 1973
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
   Gilmore J. Sem
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.

        None
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
   Thermo-Systerns Inc.
   2500 North Cleveland Ave.
   St.  Paul,  Minnesota 55113
                                                           10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.

  68-02-0654
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
   Environmental Protection  Agency
   National Environmental Research Center
   Research Triangle Park, N.  C.  27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
  Final Report	
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
17.
             mobile air pollution  research laboratory described  in  this  report,
      has  been designed and constructed  into a semi-trailer shell.   The
      laboratory will be used by EPA  for making simultaneous measurements of
      many air pollutants using state-of-the-art instrumentation.   A semi-
      trailer with an air suspension  system was chosen as the basic vehicle.
      Air  conditioning was provided for  extremes of 115 F and -40 F.  Electrical
      service of 400 amperes at 230 volts (half for air conditioning)  was in-
      stalled into the trailer.  The  3 work benches for aerosol, gas,  and data
      instruments, were arranged as islands allowing open aisle  space and the
      clustering of sampling instruments for reduction of sampling  losses.
      Sampling systems, carefully  designed to reduce sample losses  under varying
      wind conditions, extend 10 meters  above ground level.  The roof is covered
      with catwalk material which  facilitates the fastening of equipment.  Under-
      compartments contain necessary  sampling pumps and blowers  and serve as
      storage compartments.  Two personnel doors with collapsible stairs provide
      access to the laboratory near each end.  Individually adjustable supports
      allow leveling after the tractor leaves.  Twin electrical  main service
      cables connect to an external electrical service pole for  115/230  VAC
      power.  Outlet receptacles on the  exterior and twin busway systems on the
      interior offer maximum outlet flexibility.
                               KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
                                             b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS  C.  COSATI Field/Group
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
                                              19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
                                                 Unclassified
                                                                        21. NO. OF PAGES
                                              20. SECURITY CLASS (This page)
                                                 Unclassified
                                                                        22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
                                          48

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