&EPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Region 5
77 West Jackson Boulevard
Chicago, Illinois 60604
EPA905-R-94-015
May 1994
Superfund: Progress at
National Priorities List Sites
Michigan 1994 Update
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May 1994
NATIONAL PRIORITIES LIST SITES:
MICHIGAN
UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
OFFICE OF SUPERFUND
WASTE MANAGMENT DIVISION
REGION 5
CHICAGO, ILLINOIS 60604
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
A Brief Overview of Superfund
Streamlining Superfund: The Superfund Accelerated Cleanup Model
How Superfund Works
THE VOLUME
How to use the State Book
A SUMMARY OF THE STATE PROGRAM
THE NPL FACT SHEETS
THE GLOSSARY
Terms used in the NPL Book
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INTRODUCTION
A BRIEF OVERVIEW OF SUPERFUND
During the second half of the Twentieth
Century, the environmental conse-
quences of more than 100 years of industrial-
ization in the United States became increas-
ingly clear. Authors such as Rachel Carson
wrote passionately about the often-hidden en-
vironmental effects of our modern society's
widespread use of chemicals and other haz-
ardous materials. Their audience was small at
first, but gradually their message spread.
Growing concern turned to action, as people
learned more about the environment and be-
^an to act on their knowledge
The 1970s saw environmental issues burst
onto the national scene and take hold in the
national consciousness. The first Earth Day
was observed in 1970, the year that the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was
founded. By the end of the 1970s. Love Canal
in New York and the Valley of the Drums in
Kentucky had entered the popular lexicon as
synonyms for pollution and environmental
degradation.
Supertund Is Established
The industrialization that gave Americans the
world's highest standard of living also created
problems that only a national program could
address. By 19X0, the U.S. Congress had
passed numerous environmental laws, imple-
mented by the EPA, but many serious hazard-
ous waste problems were slipping through the
cracks.
Responding to growing concern about public
health and environmental threats from uncon-
trolled releases of hazardous materials, the
U.S. Congress passed the Comprehensive En-
vironmental Response. Compensation, and
Liability Act (CERCLA). Popularly known as
Supertund, CERCLA had one seemingly
simple jobto uncover and clean up hazard-
ous materials spills and contaminated sites.
A Big Job
Few in Congress, the EPA. the environmen-
tal community, or the general public knew in
1980 just how big the nation's hazardous ma-
terials problem is. Almost everyone thought
that Supertund would be a short-lived pro-
gram requiring relatively few resources to
clean up at most a few hundred sites. They
were quite mistaken.
As the EPA set to work finding sites and
gauging their potential to harm people and
the environment, the number of sites grew.
Each discovery seemed to lead to another.
and today almost 36,000 hazardous waste
sites have been investigated as potential haz-
ardous waste sites. They are catalogued in
the EPA's computerized database. CERCLIS
(for the Comprehensive Environmental Re-
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EVTRODUCTION
sponse, Compensation, and Liability
Information System).
The damage to public health and the
environment that each site in
CERCLIS might cause is evaluated;
many sites have been referred to
State and local governments for
cleanup. The EPA lists the
nation's most serious hazardous
waste sites on the National
Priorities List, or NPL. (These
Superfund sites are eligible for
federally-funded cleanup, but
whenever possible the EPA makes
polluters pay for the contamination
they helped create.) The NPL now
numbers 1,275 sites, with 50 to 100
added each year. By the end of the
century, the NPL may reach as many
as 2000 sites.
Superfund faces some of the most
complex pollution problems ever
encountered by an environmental
program. Improperly stored or
disposed chemicals and the soil
they contaminate are one concern.
More difficult to correct are the
wetlands and bays, and the
groundwater, lakes, and rivers
often used for drinking water that
are contaminated by chemicals
spreading through the soil or
mixing with storm water runoff.
Toxic vapors contaminate the air at
some sites, threatening the health
of people living and working near
by.
Superfund aims to control immediate
public health and environmental
threats by tackling the worst
problems at the worst sites first.
Wherever possible, Superfund
officials use innovative treatment
techniques many developed or
refined by the EPA to correct
hazardous materials problems once
and for all. Many of the treatment
techniques they use did not exist
when the program was created.
The EPA Administrator had
challenged Superfund to complete
construction necessary for cleanup
work at 200 NPL sites by the end of
the 1992 federal fiscal year. By
September 30, 1992, the end of
fiscal year 1992, construction had
been completed at a total of 149
NPL sites. By September 30, 1993,
the end of fiscal year 1993,
construction had been completed at
217 sites, well in excess of the
Administrator's target of 200. The
Superfund program now projects
completing construction at over 650
sites by the year 2000.
Quick Cleanup at NON-NPL Sites
Long-standing hazardous waste sites
are not Superfund's only concern.
The EPA also responds to hazardous
spillsand other emergencies,
hauling away chemicals for proper
treatment or disposal. Superfund
teams perform "or supervise
responses at rail and motor vehicle
accidents, fires, and other
emergencies involving hazardous
substances. They also evacuate
people living and working near by,
if necessary, and provide clean
drinking water to people whose own
water is contaminated. Removal
crews also post warning signs and
take other precautions to keep
people and animals away from
hazardous substances.
Quick Cleanups, or Removals are not
limited to emergencies. When
cleanup crews at contaminated sites
find hazardous substances that
immediately threaten people or the
environment, they act right away to
reduce the threat or to remove the
chemicals outright. As the EPA
implements the Superfund
Accelerated Cleanup Model (SACM),
more and more sites will undergo
quick cleanups, and many of these
will be cleaned up completely
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INTRODUCTION
without ever being included on the
NPL. (See "Streamlining Superfund
Accelerated Cleanup Model.")
Some of Superfund's most
significant gains in public health
and environmental protection have
been won by the removal program.
As of October 1, 1993, the
Emergency Response Program in
Region V has lost approximately 500
removal completions since Superfund
was established.
Public Participation
Superfund is unique among federal
programs in its commitment to
citizen participation. Although
the EPA is responsible for
determining how dangerous a site is
and how best to clean it up, the
Agency relies on citizen input as
it makes these decisions.
Probably, the most important
component of any NPL site is public
participation. Community
Involvement has played a
significant role in the development
of cleanup activities at a site.
Although most proposals for cleanup
activities are brought forth by the
agency, it is usually the citizen's
input that gives the "stamp of
approval" on the cleanup plan.
Residents also comment on EPA
cleanup plans by stating their
concerns and preferences at public
meetings and other forums and in
formal written comments to Agency
proposals. The EPA takes and
concerns seriously, and has
modified many proposals in response
to local concerns. For ultimately,
it is the community and its
citizens that will live with the
results of the EPA's decisions and
actions; it is only fair that
citizens participate in the
orocess.
A Commitment to Communication
The Superfund program is very
serious about public outreach and
communication. Community relations
coordinators are assigned to each
NPL site to help the public
understand the potential hazards
present, as well as, the cleanup
alternatives. Local information
repositories, such as libraries or
other public buildings, have been
established near each NFL site to
ensure that the public has an
opportunity to review all relevant
information and the proposed
cleanup plans. The individual
State volumes contain summary fact
sheets on NPL sites in each State
and territory. Together, the fact
sheets provide a concise report on
site conditions and the progress
made toward site cleanups as of May
1994. The EPA revises these
volumes periodically to provide and
up-to-date record of program
activities. A glossary of terms
relating to hazardous waste
management and Superfund site
cleanup is provided at the back of
this book.
Superfund is, of course, a public
program, and as such it belongs to
everyone of us.
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INTRODUCTION
STREAMLINING SUPERFUND: THE SUPERFUND
ACCELERATED CLEANUP MODEL
Historically, critics and
supporters alike have measured
Superfund's progress by the number
of hazardous waste sites deleted
from the NPL. Although easy enough
to tally, this approach does not
recognize the breadth of risk
reduction attained by Superfund.
First, it doesn't account for the
early remedial actions conducted at
the nations worst hazardous waste
sites, which occurs well before
site deletion. Second, it ignores
the significant contribution to
reducing risks to human health and
the environment by the Removal
Program.
In renewing Superfund's commitment
to quick and early response
actions, EPA has undertaken an
initiative to streamline the
Superfund program. The Superfund
Accelerated Cleanup Model (SACM)
emphasizes the conduct of early
actions, such as drum removal and
source control, while long-term
actions, such as groundwater
contamination are appropriately
studied. In addition, SACM
.envisions an integrated site
assessment process whereby the
different Superfund assessments are
integrated into a single process.
Integrated assessments will reduce
the time and resources required to
evaluate a site and assess its
threats to human health and the
environment. This way, immediate
public health and environmental
threats will be addressed while
long-term cleanups are being
planned.
Emergencies such as train
derailments and motor vehicle
accidents will continue to be
handled expeditiously. Teams of
highly trained technicians will
swing into action right away,
coordinating the cleanup and
removal of hazardous substances to
ensure public safety as quickly as
possible.
BREAKING WITH TRADITION
The traditional Superfund process
begins with a lengthy phase of
study and site assessment, but SACM
will save time by combing separate,
yet similar, activities.
Each EPA Region will form a
Regional Decision Team (RDT)
composed of program managers from
the Removal and Remedial program,
the Office of Regional Counsel,
Office of Public Affairs,
Environmental Science Division, and
the States. The RDT will be
responsible for making decisions on
sites based on recommendations by
Site Assessment Teams (SATs). The
SATs are comprised of an RPM, OSC,
SAM, staff attorney, State
representative, and community
relations coordinator. Other
experts such as ecologist and
toxicologists are brought in on the
SATs on an as needed basis. SATs
develop site specific strategies
potentially utilizing Removal (i.e.
early action) and/or Remedial (i.e.
long-term action) statutory
authorities.
In many instances, SATs will
recommend to the RDT the initiation
of a study for a long-term action
while work begins on an early
action to eliminate an immediate
threat to public health and the
environment.
Early Actions include taking
precautions to keep contaminants
from moving off the site and
restricting access to the site.
Early Actions can eliminate most,
if r.=t all, risk associated with a
Superf-nd site. Consequently,
ear.y public involvement is
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INTRODUCTION
BREAKING WITH TRADITION
cont'
participation during the site
assessment process and Early
Actions.
LONG-TERM SOLUTIONS
While Early Actions can correct
many hazardous waste problems and
provide the bulk of public health
and environmental protection some
contamination will take longer to
correct. Cleanups of mining sites,
wetlands, estuaries, and projects
involving incineration, of
contaminants or restoration of
ground water can take far longer
than the three to five years
envisioned for Early Actions.
Under the SACM paradigm, the
conduct of the long-term cleanup
action will be similar to the
present process.
Also under SACM, the EPA will
continue its pursuit of potentially
responsible parties who may have
caused or contributed to site
contamination. Expedited
enforcement and procedures for
negotiating potentially responsible
party settlements will secure their
participation. Superfund personnel
will continue to oversee clean-up
work performed by potentially
responsible parties.
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INTRODUCTION
HOW SUPERFUND WORKS
Each Superfund site presents a different
set of complex problems. The same haz-
ardous materials and chemicals often con-
taminate many sites, but the details of each
site are different Almost always, soil is con-
taminated with one or more chemicals. Their
vapors may taint the air over and around the
site. Contaminants may travel through the soil
and reach underground aquifers which may be
used for drinking water, or they may spread
over the site to contaminate streams, ponds,
and wetlands. The contaminating chemicals
may interact with each other, presenting even
more complicated cleanup problems.
Superfund's cleanup process is arduous and
exacting. It requires the best efforts of hun-
dreds of experts in science and engineering,
public health, administration and manage-
ment, law, and many other fields.
The average NPL site takes from seven to ten
years to work its way through the system,
from discovery to the start of long-term
cleanup. Actual cleanup work can take years,
decades if contaminated groundwater must
be treated. Of course, imminent threats to
public health or the environment are cor-
rected right away.
The diagram to the right presents a simplified
view of the cleanup process. The major steps
in the Superfund process are:
Site discovery and investigation to iden-
tify contaminants and determine whether
emergency action is required;
Emergency site work such as removing
contaminants for proper treatment or dis-
posal, and securing the site to keep people
and animals away, if warranted by condi-
tions at the site;
Site evaluation to determine how people
living and working nearby, and the envi-
ronment, may be exposed to site contami-
nants;
> Detailed studies to determine whether con-
ditions are serious enough to add the site to
the National Priorities List of sites eligible
for federally funded cleanup under Super-
fund;
> Selection, design, and implementation of a
cleanup plan, after a thorough review of
the most effective cleanup options, given
site conditions, contaminants present, and
their potential threat to public health or the
environment
> Follow-up to ensure that the cleanup work
done at the site continues to be effective
over the long term.
The Superfund Process
From the earliest stages, EPA investigators
work hard to identify those responsible for the
contamination. As their responsibility is es-
tablished, the EPA negotiates with these "re-
sponsible parties" to pay for cleaning up the
problem they helped create. This "enforce-
ment first" policy saves-Superfund Trust Fund
monies for use in cleanups where the respon-
sible parties cannot be identified, or where
they are unable to fund cleanup work.
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THE VOLUME
How to Use the State Book
The sue fact sheets presented in this book
ore comprehensive summaries that cover
a broad range of information. The fact sheets
describe hazardous waste .sites on the NPL and
their locations, as well as the conditions
leading to their listing ("Site Description").
The summaries list the types of contaminants
that have been discovered and related threats
to public and ecological health ("Threats and
Contaminants"). "Cleanup Approach" pres-
ents an overview or the deunup activities
completed, underway, or pianneci. The fact
sheets conclude with a brier synopsis of how
much progress has been made in protecting
public health and the environment. The
summaries also pinpoint other actions, such as
legal efforts to involve polluters responsible
for site contamination and community con-
cerns.
The fact sheets are arranged in alphabetical
order by site name. Because site cleanup is a
dynamic and gradual process, all site informa-
tion is accurate as of the date shown on the
bottom of each page. Progress always is being
made at NPL sites, and the EPA periodically
will update the site fact sheets to reflect recent
actions and will publish updated State vol-
umes. The following two pages show a ge-
neric fact sheet and briefly describe the infor-
mation under each section.
How Can You Use
This State Book?
You can use this book to keep informed about
the sites that concern you. particularly ones
close to home. The EPA is committed to
involving the public in the decision making
process associated with hazardous waste
cleanup. The Agency solicits input from area
residents in communities affected by Super-
fund sites. Citizens are likely to be affected
not only by hazardous site conditions, but also
by the remedies that combat them. Site clean-
ups take many forms and can affect communi-
ties in different ways. Local traffic may be
rerouted, residents may be relocated, tempo-
rary water supplies may be necessary.
Definitive information on a site can help
citizens sift through alternatives and make
decisions. To make good choices, you must
know what the threats are and how the EPA
intends to clean up the site. You must under-
stand the cleanup alternatives being proposed
for site cleanup and how residents may be
affected by each one. You also need to have
some idea of how your community intends to
use the site in the future, and you need to know
what the community can realistically expect
once die cleanup is complete.
The EPA wants to develop cleanup mediods
dial meet community needs, but the Agency
only can pike local concerns into account if it
understands what they are. Information must
travel both ways in order for cleanups to be
effective and satisfactory. Please take this
opportunity to learn more, become involved.
and assure that hazardous waste cleanup at
"your" site considers your community's
concerns.
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THE VOLUME
SITE NAME r-&z
NPL L.3T1NG HISTORY
Pmvides ine dates when the
.sire was Proposed, made Final.
mid Deleted tmtn the NPL.
SITE RESPONSIBILITY
Idenmie.s Uic Federal. Stale.
and/or potentially responsible
panics toxins: responsibility
tor cleanup actions at the sue.
ENVIRONMENTAL
PROGRESS
Summarizes the actions to
reduce the tlucais to nearby
residents and me surrounding
envimnment and the progress
cowards cleaning up the site.
EPA REGION XX
COUNTY NAME
LOCATION
Sits Description
Threats ana Contaminants
/* ^^"^^1 **» *»*f4M*MmMn* - »» « lacan^ ** »«»!
Cleanup Approacn
Respons* Action Status
Environmental Pragreu
Site Repository
SITE REPOSITORY
Lists the locaiiun or the pnraary site repository. The site
repository may include community relations plans, public
meeting announcements and minutes, fact sheets, press
releases, and other site-related documents.
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THE VOLUME
SITE DESCRIPTION
This section describes the location and history of the site. It includes descrip-
tions of the most recent activities and past actions at the site that have con-
tributed to the contamination. Population estimates, land usages, and nearby
resources give readers background on the local setting surrounding the site.
THREATS AND CONTAMINANTS
The major chemical categories of site contamination are noted, as well as
which environmental resources are affected. Icons representing each of the
affected resources (may include air. groundwater. surface water, soil, and
contamination to environmentally sensitive areas) are included in the margins
of this section. Potential threats to residents and the surrounding environ-
ments arising rtom the sue contamination also are described.
CLEANUP APPROACH
This section contains a brief overview of how the site is being cleaned up.
RESPONSE ACTION STATUS
Specific actions that have been accomplished or will be undertaken to clean
up the site are described here. Cleanup activities at NPL sites are divided
into separate phases, depending on the complexity and required actions at the
site. Two major types of cleanup activities often are described: initial.
immediate, or emergency actions to quickly remove or reduce imminent
threats to the community and surrounding areas: and long-term remedial
phases directed at final cleanup at the site. Each stage of the cleanup strategy
is presented in this section of the summary. Icons representing the stage of
the cleanup process (initial actions, site investigations. EPA selection of the
cleanup remedy, engineering design phase, cleanup activities underway, and
completed cleanup) are located in the margin next to each activity descrip-
tion.
SITE FACTS
Additional information on activities and events at the site are included in this
section. Often details on legal or administrative actions taken by the EPA to
achieve site cleanup or other facts pertaining to community involvement with
the site cleanup process are reported here.
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A SUMMARY OF THE STATE PROGRAM
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SUPERFUND ACTIVITIES IN MICHIGAN
The State of Michigan is located within EPA Region 5, which includes the
six midwestern States. The State covers 58,527 square miles. According to
the 1990 Census, Michigan experienced a minimal increase in population
between 1980 and 1990, and is ranked eighth in U.S. population
with approximately 9,295,000 residents.
The Michigan Environmental Response Act of 1982, most recently
amended in 1990, grants the State the authority to clean up
abandoned hazardous waste sites. The 1990 amendment to the Act
provided the State with enforcement, liability, and cost recovery
authorities. In addition, 10 related pollution control acts
supplement cleanup program authorities. In addition to the 10 percent
contribution from the State required by the Federal Superfund program, the
Environmental Protection Bond Fund may be used for site investigations,
study and design activities, emergency response and removal actions, long-
term cleanup actions, operation and maintenance activities, grants to local
governments, and administrative costs. In practice, the State will use its
funds after attempted negotiations with polluters have failed and Federal
funds have been sought. Public hearings are held when sites are listed on
the State priority list and prior to the selection of final cleanup
remedies. Currently, 77 sites in the State of Michigan have been listed as
final on the NPL; two sites have been deleted.
THE DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES
implements the Superfund Program in the State of Michigan
Facts about the 79 NPL sites in Michigan:
Immediate Actions (such as removing hazardous substances or restricting
site access) were performed at 57 sites.
Nineteen sites endanger sensitive environments.
Seventy-three sites are located near residential areas
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MICHIGAN
In the State of Michigan, potentially responsible parties are paying for or
conducting cleanup activities at 53 sites.
For Further Information on NPL Sites and Hazardous Waste
Waste Programs in the State of Michigan Please Contact:
* EPA Region 5 Office of
Public Affairs
* National Response Center
waste emergency
* Department of Natural
Resources: Environmental
Response Division
For information concerning
community involvement
To report a hazardous
For information about the
State's responsibility in
the Superfund Program
(312) 353-2072
(800) 424-8802
(517) 373-9837
EPA Region 5 Waste
Management Division
EPA Superfund Hotline
For information about the
Regional Superfund Program
For information about the
Federal Superfund Program
(312) 353-9419
(800) 424-9068
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ADAM'S PLAT
MICHIGAN
EPA ID# MID006522791
EPA REGION 5
Ingham County
Lansing
Site Description
The 1-acre Adam's Plating site has been used for electroplating operations since 1964. Before
electroplating operations began, the site was used by a dry cleaning company. In the mid-
1950s, an underground storage tank containing solvents was discovered to be leaking and was
removed. Wastewaters from the electroplating operations were discharged to the storm
sewers until 1971, when the site was connected to the municipal sanitary sewers. Wastewaters
were discharged directly into the municipal sewers until the mid-1970s. Subsequently,
wastewaters were collected, stored, and treated prior to discharge into the sewers.
Wastewaters, first, were stored on site in a partially buried tank, which was removed when it
was discovered to be leaking. Currently, wastewater storage is in an underground storage
tank in the southwestern corner of the site. Evidence that a contaminant release may have
occurred first was observed in 1980. While removing a tree on a neighboring property, an old
tile drain was broken, and residents observed "green water" entering the hole. Later, this
"green water" flooded the basement of a nearby home and was pumped into the yard. This
pumping system continued until the flooding problem was reported to the Ingham County
Health Department in 1981. The Michigan Department of Natural Resources (MDNR)
found that wastewater with a high chromium content was saturating soils. In 1981, the
MDNR found trichloroethylene (TCE), a dry cleaning solvent, in the soil as well. The
population density is approximately 1,800 people per square mile around the site and includes
residential, industrial and commercial properties.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Final Date: 03/31/89
Threats and Contaminants
The soil is contaminated with Arsenic and chromium. Inhalation of contaminated
subsurface soil particles pose a potential health threat.
May 1994
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in a long-term remedial phase focusing on soils cleanup.
Response Action Status
Entire Site: The EPA conducted on investigation to determine the nature and
extent of contamination. The investigation included the testing of groundwater
and soils. The final cleanup remedy was selected in 1993 and includes: excavation
and off-site disposal of approximately 4,700 cubic yards of contamination soils located around
the buildings at the site. The remedial design is underway and is anticipated to be complete
by May 1994. The remedial action is anticipated to be completed by the end of 1994.
Environmental Progress
After adding this site to the NPL, the EPA performed preliminary investigations and
determined that no immediate actions were required at the Adam's Plating site while studies
are taking place and cleanup activities are being planned.
Site Repository
Lansing Public Library, 401 South Capital Street, Lansing, MI 48933
Lansing Township Hall, 3209 West Michigan, Lansing, MI 48917
May 1994 ADAM'S PLATING
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ALBION-SHERIDAN
TOWNSHIP LAN
MICHIGAN
EPA ID# MID980504450
Site Description
EPA REGION 5
Calhoun County
1 mile east of Albion
From 1966 to 1981, the 21-acre Albion-Sheridan Township Landfill site accepted municipal
refuse and industrial wastes from the City of Albion and nearby Sheridan Township. According
to the owner, the landfill accepted 200 to 300 cubic yards of sludges from the Union Steel
Products plant prior to 1981. Tests conducted by the Michigan Department of Natural
Resources (MDNR) in 1984 and 1986 indicated that the sludges contain various heavy metal
contaminants. In 1986, the EPA found approximately 40 drums on the surface, some filled with
what appeared to be oil and grease wastes. The landfill is covered with sand and gravel, and
there are signs of burning. Some vegetation has grown on the cover. Approximately 13,500
people obtain drinking water from public and private wells within 3 miles of the site. The north
branch of the Kalamazoo River is 300 feet from the site.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Final Date: 10/04/89
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater is contaminated with arsenic, iron, barium & manganese.
Various organic chemicals and heavy metals are contained in the landfill. Possible
health threats include direct contact with or accidental ingestion of contaminated
soils, or groundwater.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: initial actions ;«nd a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
May 1994
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Initial Actions: In 1990, under EPA monitoring, two potentially responsible
parties began sampling, overpacking, and disposing of leaking drums on the
landfill surface. About 30 drums have been removed. Additionally, the site was.
fenced to restrict access.
Entire Site: The EPA is conducting an investigation to determine the nature and
extent of contamination at the site and to recommend alternative methods for site
cleanup. The investigation began in 1991 and will be completed in 1994, at which
time a final cleanup remedy will be selected.
Site Facts: A Unilateral Administrative Order was issued to four potentially responsible
parties in 1990 to perform site cleanup work.
Environmental Progress
The sampling, overpacking, and disposing of leaking drums and fencing of the site have
reduced the potential of exposure to contaminants at the Albion-Sheridan Township Landfill
site while studies are being completed and cleanup activities are being planned.
Site Repository
Albion Public Library, 501 S. Superior St., Albion, Michigan 49224
May 1994 ALBION-SHERIDAN TOWNSHIP LANDFILL
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ALLIED PAPERJMC./
PORTAGE CR
KALAMAZOO
MICHIGAN
EPA ID# MID006007306
Site Description
EPA REGION 5
Kalamazoo and Allegan Counties
Kalamazoo
Other Names:
Allied Paper
Portage Creek
The Allied Paper, Inc./Portage Creek/Kalamazoo River site involves extensive polychlorinated
biphenyl (PCB) contamination of the soil, sediments, water column, and biota in the following
areas; the Allied Paper, Inc. property, a 3-mile stretch of Portage Creek where the creek
meets the Kalamazoo River, and a 35-mile stretch of the Kalamazoo River. This
contamination is a result of area paper mills recycling carbonless copy paper containing PCBs
from 1957 to 1971. By 1986 the Michigan Department of Natural Resources has identified
several PCB contaminated areas along an 80-mile stretch of the Kalamazoo River between
Kalamazoo and Lake Michigan. The data clearly indicated that PCBs have migrated off-site
(further downstream) and that upstream sources owned by the Potentially Responsible
Parties (PRPs) are present and causing the ongoing contamination. Based upon this data the
Michigan Department of Natural Resources has expanded the Remedial Investigation/
Feasibility Study (RI/FS) to include approximately 80 miles of river from Morrow Lake Dam
to the mouth of previously owned and/or operated by the PRPs.
The States has identified 3 PRPs and signed an Administrative Order by Consent for the
PRPs to fund and conduct the RI/FS.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 05/05/89
Final Date: 08/30/90
Threats and Contaminants
Sediments, surface water, and fish are all contaminated with PCBs a hazardous
substance and probable human carcinogen. Direct contact, inhalation or ingestion
of soils, sediments, surface water, groundwater, or fish could pose a health threat.
The sediments alone contain over 300,000 pounds of PCBs. The five uncontained
paper water disposal areas situated on the river banks contain millions of tons of
PCB contaminated paper residuals. The PCBs continue to migrate into the
May 1994
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environment from these areas due to the erostonal effects of the river flow and
surface runoff from the disposal areas. This migration of PCBs is substantially
contributing to the ongoing contamination to the water column and biota both in
and adjacent to the Kalamazoo River/Portage Creek and Lake Michigan.
Annually since 1977, the Michigan Department of Public Health has issued an
advisory warning people against eating fish from the Kalamazoo River because of
PCB contamination.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: an initial action and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on the cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Initial Action: Under the direction of U.S. EPA, highly contaminated areas of
the Allied Paper, Inc. property were fenced in two stages: November 1990 and in
March 1991. This area and several other along the river were posted with "No
Entire Site: During July 1993, the PRPs, under State supervision, began an
investigation to determine the nature and extent of sediment, soil, groundwater,
surface water, and biota contamination. Although PCB contamination will receive
most of the attention, the studies will screen various environmental media throughout the
system to determine whether other chemicals need to be addressed.
Environmental Progress
Potential for exposure to hazardous materials has reduced by fencing. Fencing has limited
access to the Allied Paper, Inc. property, Bryant Mill Pond, Willow Boulevard and A-Site.
The State posted "No Entry - Hazardous Substance" signs at known significantly
contaminated areas along the river alerting the public to the presences of PCB contamination
and the potential health risks in these areas.
The Michigan Department of Natural Resources, working closely with a firm who is not a
PR,P oversaw the completion of a voluntary cleanup in the winter of 1994 at the former
Allied Paper, Inc. mill vaults. A second voluntary cleanup on more vaults by the same
company is underway.
The investigation field work for the 4 operable units was completed in October 1993, one
month ahead of schedule. Ecological risk assessment biota sampling field work was
completed May 1994. Investigations on the remaining properties and the river is ongoing.
May 1994 ALLIED PAPER, INC./ PORTAGE
CREEK/KALAMAZOO RIVER
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COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT
An extensive community involvement program exists at the site. The State has established a
Government Advisory Committee and a Citizens Advisory Committee which meet bimonthly.
Participants on the Citizens Advisory Committee include a local citizens group that has
received a technical assistance grant and 40 other interested citizens. Progress reports and
fact sheet are being sent out to more than 600 citizens in an effort to keep them apprised of
the progress at the site.
Site Repository
Kalamazoo Public Library, 315 South Rose Street, Kalamazoo, MI 49007
Comstock Township Library, 6130 King Highway, Comstock, MI
Waldo Library, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI
Otsego District Library, 219 South Farmer, Otsego, MI
Allegan Public Library, 180 South Sherwood, Allegan, MI
ALLIED PAPER. INC./ PORTAGE CREEK/KALAMAZOO R8/ER May 1994
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AMERICAN
ANODCO, INC
MICHIGAN
EPAID# MID006029102
EPA REGION 5
Ionia County
Ionia
Site Description
Since 1962, aluminum parts for the automotive industry have been cleaned on the 8-acre
American Anodco, Inc. site. In 1962, under an agreement with the State, process wastewaters
and spent chemicals from the site were discharged directly to the on-site seepage lagoon. The
waste streams contained heavy metals that leached from metal parts during the anodizing
process. In order to promote wastewater infiltration, lagoon sludge and sediments were
dredged in 1972 and 1978 and placed near the lagoon. In 1978, American Anodco received
approval from the State to continue discharging wastewater into the lagoon. The company
also disposed of process and cooling water in an unlined seepage lagoon. According to
analyses conducted by the EPA, the water placed in the lagoon contains nitric acid and
chromium. In 1986, American Anodco began to phase out the use of the seepage lagoon, and
in 1987, began discharging process wastewaters to a new public sewer system. Approximately
1,100 people reside within a mile of the area. The glacial drift aquifer underlying American
Anodco supplies public and private wells within a 3-mile radius; these wells serve over 10,000
people. Grand River, which is within 3 miles of the site, is used for fishing and recreation.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/10/86
Final Date: 03/31/89
Threats and Contaminants
Water samples collected from the lagoon by the Michigan Department of Natural
Resources (MDNR) in 1978 identified several contaminants including phosphorus
and heavy metals such as aluminum, chromium, copper, and lead. Because
contaminants have been removed from the higoons, direct contact with hazardous
materials is unlikely. Prairie Creek, which borders the site area on the east, joins
the Grand River 1 mile south of the site. Because the groundwater is
contaminated with arsenic, movement of contaminants to the creek is possible. The
contamination plume does not reach any pnv.itc wells.
May 1994
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1987, American Anodco dewatered the lagoon, removed
the sludge, and disposed -of it in an off-site landfill. The lagoon then was filled
with clean soil.
Entire Site: In 1987, the parties potentially responsible for site contamination
began an investigation to determine the extent and nature of groundwater and soil
contamination beneath the former lagoon and to identify alternatives for site
cleanup. Four additional monitoring wells were installed by the potentially responsible parties
in 1992 to further characterize the groundwater conditions at the site. The investigation was
completed in 1993. EPA issued a No Action Record of Decision (ROD) due to the lack of
risk posed by the arsenic levels in the groundwater. The ROD calls for 24 months of
groundwater monitoring to ensure arsenic levels do not rise.
Site Facts: An Administrative Order on Consent was signed by the potentially responsible
party in 1987 to conduct an investigation of site contamination.
Environmental Progress
The dewatering and removal of sludge from the lagoon have reduced the potential for
exposure to contaminated materials at the American Anodco, Inc. site while studies were
taking place and final cleanup activities are being planned. The Record of Decision has
signed in September 1993. Either EPA or PRPs with conduct additional monitoring at the
site.
Site Repository
Ionia Public Library, 126 East Main Street, Ionia, MI 48846
May 1994 AMERICAN ANODCO, INC.
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ANDERSON
DEVELOPMEN
COMPANY
MICHIGAN
EPA ID# MID002931228
Site Description
I EPA REGION 5
Lenawee County
Adrian
The Anderson Development Company (ADC) manufactured specialty organic chemicals on a
12 1/2-acre site in Adrian and sells the products to other manufacturers. ADC produced the
chemical MBOCA from 1970 to 1979 under the trade name of Curene 442. MECCA is used
as a curing agent for polyurethanes and epoxy resins and is considered to be a highly toxic
compound that can be absorbed through the skin. MBOCA was discharged to the
environment through surface water and airborne routes. MBOCA contamination was found
in high concentrations in sludges in the pretreatment lagoon and lower concentrations in
sediments and soil within a 2-mile radius of the ADC facility in 1979. In 1980 and 1981, the
Michigan Department of Natural Resources (MDNR), ADC, and the Michigan State Toxic
Substance Control Commission conducted an extensive cleanup and monitoring program that
involved sampling of nearby surface soil and home carpet vacuum dust testing.
Approximately 25,000 people live within 3 miles of the site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/30/82
Final Date: 09/08/83
Threats and Contaminants
The surface soil, lagoon sludge, and clay underlying the lagoon were contaminated
with MBOCA, a known carcinogen that can be absorbed through the skin.
Inhaling contaminated dust also is considered to be a potential health risk.
MBOCA has been detected in the urine samples from ADC workers and
preschool children living near ADC.
May 1994
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Cleanup Approach
This site was addressed in two stages: initial actions, and a long-term remedial phase for
cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: In 1981, Lenawee County initiated a free cleanup effort to aid
local homeowners whose residences were contaminated with MBOCA. This
included the interior and exterior cleaning of homes in the Sunnyside area.
Homes with private wells in the vicinity of ADC were connected to a clean water supply
system funded by the Farmers Home Administration.
Entire Site: The parties potentially responsible for site contamination, under EPA
monitoring, performed an investigation that assessed the type of contaminants
present, identified the degree of contamination, and characterized potential risks
to the community. This investigation was completed in March 1990, and the cleanup remedy
was selected in September 1990. The 1990 remedy recommended the use of in-situ
vitrification technologies to decontaminate soils at the site. A ROD Amendment in 1991,
however, modified the remedy to test the effectiveness of low temperature thermal
desorption for its ability to cleanup the soil.
It was determined that this technology was effective, and treatment began in January 1992.
The site was cleaned up in September 1993.
Site Facts: On April 30, 1986, Anderson Development Company entered into an
Administrative Order on Consent with the EPA to study the nature and extent of site
contamination.
Environmental Progress
The cleanup of residences and the provision of an alternate water supply and final cleanup of
the site have reduced the potential of exposure to MBOCA-contaminated materials at the
Anderson Development Company site.
Site Repository
Adrian City Library, 143 East Maumee Street, Adrian, MI 49221
May 1994 ANDERSON DEVELOPMENT COMPANY
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AUTO ION
CHEMICALS, I
MICHIGAN
EPA ID# MID980794382
EPA REGION 5
Kalamazoo County
Kalamazoo
Site Description
Between 1963 and 1973, chromium plating wastes were treated at the 1 1/2-acre Auto Ion
Chemicals, Inc. site. Liquid waste was stored in an open air lagoon and in five process storage
tanks in an on-site building's basement. Approximately 122,000 gallons of liquid plating wastes
and sludges were stored in other various locations on site. During the plant's operation, the
Michigan Department of Natural Resources (MDNR) documented numerous pollution
discharges to the soil, groundwater, and surface water of the adjacent Kalamazoo River. The
MDNR stopped operations at Auto Ion in 1973. Two city wells are located within 2 miles of
the site. The wells are part of the Kalamazoo municipal system that provides water to over
100,000 residents. Municipal wells are not thought to be threatened by contamination at the
Auto Ion Site. A residential area is located approximately 500 feet north of the site. The
population within 1/2 mile of the site is approximately 2,300.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/30/82
Final Date: 09/08/83
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater is contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including
vinyl chloride and heavy metals arsenic, cadmium, lead and nickel. Chromium,
nickel, chloride, and cyanide were found in surface water and sediment samples
taken from the Kalamazoo River between 1964 and 1973. Soil is contaminated
with chromium, arsenic, cadmium, lead, nickel, cyanide and organic contamination
called Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs). Potential health risks exist if
contaminated groundwater is accidentally ingested or dust from contaminated soils
is inhaled.
May 1994
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in three stages: immediate actions and two long-term remedial
phases focusing on soil cleanup and groundwater cleanup.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: Under EPA monitoring, the parties potentially responsible
for the contamination removed contaminants from the surface of the site in 1985.
An abandoned building was torn down in 1986, and the debris was removed.
Additionally, the entire site was fenced to prevent access to the contaminated soil and
groundwater.
Soil: In 1993, the Responsible Parties excavated approximately 24,000 tons of
contaminated soil from the unsaturated zone at the site. All soil excavation work
was overseen by U.S. EPA. This contamination soil was taken to licensed landfills
in Ohio and Michigan. The site was then backfilled with clean soil. The soil excavation
eliminated the risk of people coming into contact with the contamination soil and it removed
the source of further contamination in the underlying groundwater.
Groundwater: In 1988, the potentially responsible parties began an investigation
to determine the extent and type of groundwater contamination and to identify
alternative cleanup technologies. A proposal for addressing groundwater
contamination is scheduled for completion in the Spring of 1994.
Site Facts: In 1990, the EPA and 42 potentially responsible parties signed a Consent Decree
to perform the technical design and cleanup of soil. This soil cleanup was completed in 1993.
Environmental Progress
Removing contaminated soil and debris and fencing the site have reduced the potential for
exposure to contaminated materials at the Auto Ion Chemicals, Inc. site and have removed
the major source of further groundwater contamination.
Site Repository
Kalamazoo Public Library, 315 South Rose Street, Kalamazoo, MI 49007
May 1994 AUTO ION CHEMICALS. INC.
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AVENUE "E"
GROUNDWATER
CONTAMINATI
MICHIGAN
EPA ID# MID980791461
Site Description
EPA REGION 5
Grand Traverse County
Traverse City
Other Names:
East Bay Township
Residential Wells
The 435-acre Avenue "E" Groundwater Contamination site consists of two areas: the 115-
acre U.S. Coast Guard Air Station and a 320-acre area bordered on the north by the East
Arm of Grand Traverse Bay. In 1980, residents along Avenue "E" in East Bay Township
complained of odors and foaming of water drawn from domestic wells. Investigations by the
State showed that wells were contaminated with organic substances. Additional investigations
indicated that the origin of the contamination was in the vicinity of the U.S. Coast Guard Air
Station, on land formerly owned and operated by the U.S. Navy. An old Navy waste dump,
located to the east of the Coast Guard property, was suspected to be a contributor to the
problem. During the past 40 years, spills of fuels and solvents used during aircraft
maintenance at the facility may have leached through the soil and contaminated the
underlying groundwater. In 1969, a spill of aviation fuel from an underground storage tank
occurred. Surface disposal of liquid organic chemicals reportedly occurred in the northeastern
corner of the station. An area north of the current Hangar and Administration Building may
have served in part as a waste oil pit. Drums of solvents and other chemicals were stored in
an area near the northwestern corner of the building. Aircraft maintenance also was
conducted in this general area. This site is adjacent to Traverse City, which has a population
of approximately 16,000. Grand Traverse Bay is used as a water source for the Traverse City
public water system. The Bay also is used for recreational activities.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
State Enforcement actions
Threats and Contaminants
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 06/10/86
Groundwater is contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and
phthalates. Soils are contaminated with the major components of jet fuel, mostly
VOCs and phthalates. The greatest potential health threat to people is through
drinking or coming in direct contact with contaminated groundwater. Although
most residences have been connected to the public water system, a few homes still
may be using private wells. Recreational use of East Bay poses a potential health
risk. Soil excavations in highly contaminated areas are a potential health concern
for on-site workers, who could be exposed to high concentrations of soil and
airborne contaminants.
Cleanup Approach
May 1994
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This site is being addressed in two stages: an immediate action and a long-term remedial
phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Action: In 1982, the U.S. Coast Guard extended public water lines
from Traverse City to residences affected by the contaminated groundwater.
Entire Site: In 1983, the U.S. Coast Guard completed its investigation into the
nature and extent of contamination at the site. In 1985, the Coast Guard installed
two well fields to pump groundwater and to prevent further contamination from
leaving the property. Following treatment to remove contaminants, the groundwater is
discharged to the Traverse City sanitary sewer system. This pump and treat system currently
remains in operation. Also in 1985, the Coast Guard began bioremediation of soils using
microorganisms to break down soil contaminants. The soil bioremediation system first was
installed in 1987; a third round of treatment began in 1990. In addition, pilot programs such
as aerobic-bioremediation and anaerobic-bioremediation of two plumes and soil vapor
extraction have been completed. The results from these pilot programs are in the process of
being evaluated to determine the most effective remedy for final site cleanup.
Site Facts: In 1985, state enforcement lead and the U.S. Coast Guard signed a Consent
Order requiring the U.S. Coast Guard to study contamination at the site and to recommend
cleanup alternatives. A settlement agreement was reached between the State of Michigan
and the U.S. Coast Guard in 1987.
Environmental Progress
The extension of public water lines has reduced the potential of exposure to contaminated
drinking water and will continue to protect residents near the Avenue "E" Groundwater
Contamination site. The Coast Guard has taken steps to limit the further spread of
contamination and has initiated soil cleanup actions. These actions will continue until site
contamination has been reduced to safe levels.
Site Repository
Not established.
May 1994
AVENUE '£ GROUNDWATER
CONTAMINATION
-------
BARRELS, INC
MICHIGAN
EPA ID# MID017188673
EPA REGION 5
Ingham County
Lansing
Site Description
From 1964 to 1981, Barrels, Inc. recycled drums on this 1 3/4-acre site. Waste residues
allegedly were dumped from drums directly onto the ground as an initial step in recycling
drums. The State detected lead and zinc in the shallow groundwater in 1983. Approximately
9,000 people live within a mile of the site. Three schools are located within 1/2 mile of the
site. The shallow and deeper aquifers provide drinking water to the 133,000 residents of the
Cities of Lansing and Holt. The Grand River is 1,800 feet from the site and is used for
fishing.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and State actions.
NPL USTINQ HISTORY
Proposed Date: 01/22/87
Final Date: 10/04/89
Threats and Contaminants
Air is polluted with volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Groundwater is
contaminated with VOCs and heavy metals including lead and zinc.
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and heavy metals including chromium and lead
are contaminating the soil. The greatest health threats to people stem from direct
contact with or accidental ingestion of contaminated soils or groundwater. The
areas along the Grand River serve as a habitat for the endangered Indiana Bat.
May 1994
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: All drums, 1,000 cubic yards of contaminated soil, and nine
underground tanks were removed and sent by the State to a federally approved
disposal facility in 1986. The contents of one underground tank and two tanks in
the building have been pumped out by the State.
Entire Site: The EPA is planning to conduct an investigation into the nature and
extent of contamination of the site and to identify alternative cleanup
technologies.
Environmental Progress
The excavation of drums and contaminated soil and the removal and draining of tanks have
reduced the potential for exposure to contaminants at the Barrel, Inc. site while investigations
are being planned.
Site Repository
Not established.
May 1994 BARRELS, INC.
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BENDIX
CORPORA
ALLIED AUTOM
MICHIGAN
EPAID# MID005107222
REGION 5
terrien County
St. Joseph
Site Description
Bendix Corporation/Allied Automotive manufactures automotive brake systems at this 36-
acre site. From 1966 to 1975, a seepage lagoon on site was used for the disposal of machine
shop process wastewater. Chlorinated organic solvents, wastewater from electroplating
operations, plating bath solutions, chromium, and lead may have been placed in the seepage
lagoon. The lagoon was closed and capped in 1978. A private well located 750 feet from the
site was closed in 1982 because of contamination. Approximately 4,300 people obtain drinking
water from private wells within 3 miles of the site.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Final Date: 02/21/90
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater is contaminated with various volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
People may be at risk if they drink or have direct contact with contaminated water;
however, no one is currently drinking contaminated groundwater.
May 1994
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in a long-term remedial phase focusing on groundwater cleanup.
Response Action Status
Groundwater: The potentially responsible party, Bendix Corporation/Allied
Automotive, is conducting an investigation into the nature and extent of
groundwater contamination at the site. The investigation is being conducted in two
phases. Phase 1 consisted of groundwater, surface water, and sediment sampling and analysis.
Phase 2 will consist of a soil gas survey and soil sampling and analysis to locate the source of
the contamination. Both phases are expected to be completed in late 1992. The EPA plans to
continue to evaluate various technologies throughout 1993 to address the contamination
identified during the investigations. A decision on cleanup alternatives is scheduled for late
1993.
Site Facts: In 1989, the EPA entered into an Administrative Order with Bendix
Corporation/Allied Automotive, requiring the company to conduct an investigation of site
contamination.
Environmental Progress
After adding this site to the NPL, the EPA performed preliminary investigations and
determined that no immediate actions were required at the Bendix Corporation/Allied
Automotive site while studies are taking place and cleanup activities are being planned.
Site Repository
Maud Preston Polenski Memorial Library, 500 Market Street, St. Joseph, MI 49085
May 1994 BENDIX CORPORATION/
ALLIED AUTOMOTIVE
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BERLIN Al
MICHIGAN
EPA ID# MID000605717
EPA REGION 5
Genesee County
3 1/2 miles south of Swartz Creek
Other Names:
Berlin and Farro Liquid Incinerator
Site Description
The 40-acre Berlin and Farro site was licensed to operate as an industrial liquid waste
incinerator from 1971 to 1975. During operations, liquid wastes were incinerated, stored in
open lagoons and underground tanks, and poured into an agricultural drain. Crushed and
empty drums were disposed of on site in a landfill. In 1975, the State ordered the incinerator
to shut down due to a lack of emission controls and an open lagoon that posed a health
threat. Subsequently, the State ordered the parties potentially responsible for site
contamination to clean up the site. In 1978, the owners submitted a work plan for site
cleanup to the State. Before filing for bankruptcy and abandoning the site in 1980, the
owners initiated some of the activities in the work plan. However, approximately 10,000
drums, five buried tanks, and four lagoons containing contaminated sludges were left on site.
The Berlin and Farro site is located in a rural area where residents depend on private wells
for their drinking water supply.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 07/16/82
Final Date: 09/08/83
Threats and Contaminants
Air is contaminated with pesticides. Groundwater and soil contain volatile organic
compounds (VOCs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Surface water located
in Slocum Drain and Swartz Creek is contaminated with pesticides. PCBs and paint
solvents are present in sludge. Residents could be exposed to site-related
contaminants through direct contact with contaminated surface water in Slocum
Drain and Swartz Creek. In addition, on-site workers could be exposed to
contaminants if they drink or have direct contact with contaminated groundwater.
May 1994
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in three stages: immediate actions and two long-term remedial
phases focusing on source control and cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: A series of immediate actions began in 1981, when the
State removed and disposed of 15,300 cubic yards of sludges. The EPA
constructed a fence around the site, excavated and disposed of contaminated soils
and drums, and strengthened an earthen underflow dam to prevent contaminated runoff from
migrating off site. In 1982, the contents of four buried liquid storage tanks containing
pesticides were pumped out by the State and were re-buried, and sampling and analysis were
undertaken by the Michigan Department of Natural Resources (MDNR). The EPA took the
following actions in 1982: installed a security fence and upgraded a siphon dam; removed
3,600 cubic yards of contaminated soil and landfilled 4,000 barrels of flammable sludge;
removed 1,919,195 pounds of PCB-contaminated wastes and 11 tons of soil and sludge waste
to an EPA-approved hazardous waste storage facility; dug trenches throughout the site to
locate buried drums and contaminated soil layers; located a total of 33 drums, which were
sampled and combined for disposal; and excavated an additional 120 cubic yards of
contaminated soil and shipped it to a storage facility. In 1983, the EPA opened drums,
removed their contents, mixed them with soil, and transported the mixture off site for
disposal.
Source Control: The cleanup actions selected for source control include:
excavating the existing drum landfill, paint sludge trench, agricultural drains, and
miscellaneous contaminated areas; separating PCB solid wastes from non-PCB
solid wastes and transporting these materials to an off-site disposal facility; transporting PCB
liquid wastes to an off-site incinerator; pumping non-PCB liquid wastes from the drum landfill
and transporting the wastes to an off-site incinerator; and backfilling the areas with
uncontaminated soils and, if necessary, installing a temporary layer of soil over the excavated
areas. In 1984, the potentially responsible parties installed the equipment necessary to
complete these cleanup activities. The parties removed 75,000 tons of contaminated soil and
sludges and 10,745 tons of other waste. The landfill was excavated, and drums and
contaminated soils were removed. Once excavated, the deteriorated drums were crushed and
mixed with contaminated soils. Liquids from the drums then were drained into a sump,
pumped to a tanker truck, and transported off site. The North-South agricultural drain and
the paint sludge trench also were excavated. The excavated areas were backfilled with clean
soil, and the equipment was demobilized.
Entire Site: The potentially responsible parties conducted an investigation into
the nature and extent of remaining contamination at the site. Based on study
findings, the final cleanup remedy was selected in 1991 and includes on-site
landfilling of contaminated material with some potential solidification prior to landfilling and
treatment of contaminated groundwater through air stripping. Design activities are in
progress in response to an Administrative Order issued September 1993.
May 1994 BERLIN AND FARRO
-------
Site Facts: A Consent Decree was signed among the parties potentially responsible for site
contamination, under which they agreed to conduct cleanup activities at the site. A Consent
Decree for recovery of costs was logged February 1994. The agreement included settlement
with de minimis parties.
Environmental Progress
The numerous cleanup actions, including the removal of contaminated soil, wastes, and
drums, have reduced the potential for exposure to contaminated materials at the Berlin and
Farro site while additional cleanup activities are being planned and started.
Site Repository
Perkins Library, 8095 Civic Drive, Swartz Creek, MI 48473
BERLIN AND FARRO
May 1994
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BOFORS NOB
MICHIGAN
EPA ID# MID006030373
Site Description
EPA REGION 5
Muskegon County
Muskegon
Other Names:
Bofors Lakeway Chemical, Inc.
Lakeway Chemicals (later, Bofors-Nobel) began producing industrial chemicals at the site in
1960. Throughout the 1960s and early 1970s, then on-site lagoons were used for disposal of
sludge, wastewater, and various waste liquids. This practice resulted in contamination of the
groundwater underneath the site and, consequently, Big Black Creek. In 1975, waste
materials overflowed one of the lagoons, resulting in a discharge to Big Black Creek. In
1976, the Michigan Department of Natural Resources (MDNR) placed various restrictions on
wastewater disposal from the site, and, required Bofors-Nobel to install purge wells to
intercept contaminated groundwater before reaching the Creek. In 1987, Bofors-Nobel filed
for bankruptcy and sold a portion of the site to the current owner and operator, Lomac, Inc.
Lomac continues to operate a water treatment system according to an agreement made with
MDNR. Approximately 6,400 people obtain drinking water from private wells within 3 miles
of the site, and about 1,800 people live within a 1.25 mile radius of this site.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and State actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Final Date: 03/31/89
Threats and Contaminants
IA
The most significant pathways for release of contaminants at the Bofors site are
through the air, surface water, and groundwater. The principal threat posed to
human health and the environment is the risk from contaminant migration from
the sludges and soils into the lacustrine aquifer (a potential source of drinking
water) directly under the site. Contaminated groundwater, if it discharges into Big
Black Creek, poses a risk from ingestion of contaminated creek water. There is
also a threat from inhalation of volatilized contaminants from the sludges and soils.
The compounds of concern developed from a list of the 27 compounds detected in
the RI are: Methylene Chloride, Benzene, 3..V-Dichlorobenzidine (DCB), Aniline,
Azobenzene and Benzidine.
May 1994
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in three ways: initial actions and two long-term remedial phases
(operable units) focusing on cleanup of: 1) groundwater and soils and sludges in the lagoon
area, and 2) soils located around and underneath the operating facility.
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: Since 1976, the MDNR has required the operation of a series of
groundwater extraction wells and an associated waste treatment facility. Use of
the lagoons has long been stopped.
Lagoon and Groundwater: In 1990 Record of Decision (ROD) and a 1992
ROD Amendment established a remedy that includes construction of a
groundwater treatment facility, and an on-site RCRA type landfill. All studies
and designs for this operable unit have been completed, and the groundwater facility will
begin operation in mid-1994. Construction of a remedy for the soils and sludges portion of
this operable unit may begin by the end of 1994.
Operating Facility Soils: Studies concerning this operable unit have been
completed, and EPA may established a remedy by the end of 1994.
Environmental Progress
The continued extraction and treatment of groundwater insures that no pollutants reach wells
or the nearby creek. As noted, the new groundwater facility will be operating in May 1994.
Construction of a remedy which will insure complete containment of the pollution source
should commence by the end of 1994.
Site Repository
Muskegon County Library, Egelston Township Branch, 5384 Apple Avenue, Muskegon, MI
49440
May 1994 BOFORS NOBEL, INC.
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BURROW
SANITATIO
MICHIGAN
EPAID# MID980410617
EPA REGION 5
Van Buren County
northeast of Hartford
Site Description
From 1970 to 1977, the 15-acre Burrows Sanitation site was used for the disposal of plating
sludges, waste coolants, and oils. Wastes were dumped into six unlined lagoons, onto an area
of the site known as the "Cyanide Trail," and at two other spill areas on the site. The lagoons
have overflowed during heavy rains. Groundwater samples have shown contamination;
however, private water wells are not contaminated. In 1984, the Burrows Group, a group
consisting of the owners and three firms that disposed of wastes at the site, excavated
contaminated soils and sludges from the four disposal areas. Orchards are located within the
site boundaries, and raspberries, mushrooms, and flowers grow wild on the property. Two
wetland areas are located on the edges of the site. These areas are interconnected and are
drained by the Doyle Drain, a canal that flows along the edge of the site. A berm is located
to the north of the disposal area to prevent site runoff from directly entering Doyle Drain,
which enters the Paw Paw River 3/4 mile from the site. The river is used for sport fishing.
Approximately 150 people live within a 3/4-mile radius of the site and obtain water from
private wells.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 09/08/83
Final Date: 09/21/84
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater, surface water, and sediments are contaminated with heavy metals
such as chromium, lead, and nickel. Soils also contained these contaminants before
cleanup occurred. The lagoons contain several volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
Health threats to people who trespass on the site stem from direct contact with or
accidental ingestion of contaminated groundwater, sediments, and surface water.
Wetland areas may also be threatened.
May 1994
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1984, the Burrows Group, under EPA monitoring,
excavated 8,600 cubic yards of waste sludges and contaminated soils from four
waste disposal areas on site. The wastes were transported to a federally approved
facility. In addition, a fence was constructed and warning signs were posted to prohibit access
to the site.
Entire Site: In 1986, the EPA selected a remedy that includes removing the
remaining contaminated soils, lowering the surface water level in the northwest
wetland, and extracting, treating, and discharging groundwater. By 1989, the
removal of contaminated soils and sediments and drainage of the northwest wetland were
completed. Cleanup of contaminated groundwater began in 1991. Cleanup standards for
groundwater have been met at the site as of December 1993.
Site Facts: In 1984, the EPA issued an Administrative Order, requiring the parties
potentially responsible for site contamination to clean up the site. In 1989, Du-Wel Products,
Inc., a potentially responsible party, entered into a Consent Decree with the EPA for the
party to conduct a groundwater investigation and, if necessary, cleanup the contaminated
groundwater.
Environmental Progress
The cleanup standards for soil at the Burrows Sanitation site have been fully achieved.
Therefore, no further soil cleanup actions are required. Cleanup of the groundwater has been
achieved.
Site Repository
Hartford Public Library, 15 Franklin Street, Hartford, MI 49057
May 1994 BURROWS SANITATION
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BUTTERWORT^ #2
LANDFILL
MICHIGAN
EPA ID# MID062222997
Site Description
EPA REGION 5
Kent County
Grand Rapids
Other Names:
Grand Rapids City Landfill
Grand Rapids Gypsum Company (SIA)
The Butterworth #1 Landfill site covers 185 acres in Grand Rapids. The City of Grand
Rapids owned and operated the landfill as an open dump from the 1950s until 1967. The site
was operated as a sanitary landfill from 1967 to 1973, when the State closed it for improper
operations. The landfill received municipal, solid, and industrial wastes including plating
waste, paint waste, and organic solvents. Much of the industrial waste was buried in 55-
gallon drums or dumped in liquid form on the site's surface. In 1982, the EPA sampled the
groundwater and found it to be contaminated with organic and inorganic chemicals.
Approximately 1,300 people live within 1/2 mile of the landfill. The closest residence is about
200 yards away. The landfill is bordered by 1-196, a bottling plant, a bread factory, and the
Grand River. All the residences in the area are connected to the Grand Rapids municipal
water system, which draws primarily from Lake Michigan, and, on occasion, from an intake
on the Grand River upstream from the landfill. The river is used for recreational activities.
Groundwater drains from the landfill into the river immediately downstream from a State-
owned public access site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/30/82
Final Date: 09/08/83
Threats and Contaminants
m
Groundwater is contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including
benzene and vinyl chloride and the heavy metals iron, manganese, silver, and lead.
Soils are contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), pesticides, pyrene,
chrysene, and heavy metals including chromium and cadmium. Because all the
residences in the vicinity of the landfill are on a public water supply system, there
is little chance that people would drink or come in direct contact with
contaminated groundwater. People who trespass on the site and have direct
contact with or accidentally ingest the contaminated soil may be at risk.
Contaminants maybe leaching into the Grand River. If the pollutants
bioaccumulate in fish, the fish may pose a health hazard to those who eat them.
May 1994
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Cleanup Approach
On September 29, 1992, a Record of Decision (ROD) was signed which selected a remedy
consisting of: upgrade the existing landfill cap to MI Act 641 standards; establishment of
Alternate Concentration Limits (ACLs) for groundwater; and groundwater, river water, and
river sediments monitoring. ACLs are contamination limits set when it is not feasible to use
cleanup limits otherwise applicable.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1989, the EPA found a hot spot of PCB contamination
in the landfill. The potentially responsible parties excavated approximately 1,100
cubic yards of PCB-contaminated soil. A 6-foot-high chain-link fence was installed
to prevent access to the site. During sampling, other highly contaminated areas were found.
The potentially responsible parties excavated soil from these hot spots and transported the
waste to a federally approved facility.
Entire Site: The RI/FS was completed in 1992 by the PRPs, in accordance with
the 1986 Consent Decree. In 1993, an Administrative Order on Consent (AOC)
was executed between EPA and the PRPs for the purpose of performing the
Remedial Design (RD) for the remedy. EPA is currently reviewing the RD Work Plan,
which must be approved before any site activity occurs.
Site Facts: In 1986, the EPA, the City of Grand Rapids, General Motors Corporation,
Wickes Manufacturing Company, Michigan Waste Systems, Inc., and Organic Chemicals, Inc.
entered into a Consent Decree to conduct contamination studies at the site.
Environmental Progress
The final remedy has been selected, and the PRPs have submitted a RD Work Plan for
Agency approval. The RD is expected to take approximately one year, and should be
completed by the end of 1995. Construction activity should last a maximum of two years,
commencing after EPA approval of the final RD.
May 1994 BUTTERWORTH #2 LANDFILL
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Site Repository
Grand Rapids Public Library, West Side Branch, 713 Bridge Street, N.W., Grand Rapids, MI
49504
Grand Rapids Public Library Main Library, 60 Library Plaza, N.E., Grand Rapids, MI
BUTTERWORTH #2 LANDFILL
May 1994
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CANNELTO
INDUSTRIES
MICHIGAN
EPA ID# MID980678627
EPA REGION 5
Chippewa County
Sault Sainte Marie
Other Names:
Northwestern Leather
Site Description
The Cannelton Industries, Inc. site covers 75 acres along the St. Mary's River in Sault Sainte
Marie. From 1900 to 1958, the Northwestern Leather Company operated a tannery at the
site and processed animal hides. Waste materials from the tannery operations were
discharged through three drains to a low-lying shoreline area. Barrels and general wastes
were burned and disposed of along the river. Between 1955 and 1958, the Fiborn Limestone
Company, a subsidiary of Algoma Steel Corp., bought the property with the intention of
constructing a manufacturing plant. In the fall of 1958, a fire damaged many of the tannery's
buildings, nearly all of which have since been torn down by Algoma. The site has been unused
since the tannery burned in 1958 and presently is vacant. In 1964, the property was
transferred to Cannelton Industries, another Algoma subsidiary. In 1978, the Michigan
Department of Natural Resources sampled St. Mary's River and found it, as well as soil and
groundwater, to be contaminated with heavy metals. In 1988, the City fire department
became concerned over recurrent fires in a 1- to 2-acre area at the site. The EPA assisted
with efforts to reduce the fire potential. Approximately 1,200 people obtain drinking water
from private wells within 3 miles of the site, with the nearest well about a mile away. Sault
Sainte Marie, Ontario, draws drinking water from the St. Mary's River about 2 miles
downstream of the old tannery disposal site. A portion of the site is located within the
100-year flood plain of the St. Mary's River.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Final Date: 08/30/90
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater, soils, and sediments in the St. Mary's River are contaminated with
heavy metals including chromium, lead, manganese, arsenic, and iron. Sediments
and soils also contain copper and mercury. Some chromium was detected in the
St. Mary's River. Trespassers coming in direct contact with the soil or wastes on
the site may be at risk. Those who use the St. Mary's River for recreational
activities may be exposed to contaminants. If pollutants bioaccumulate in fish, they
may pose a health hazard if eaten. Bald eagles, which feed and nest near the site,
may come into direct contact with hazardous substances.
May 1994
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
directed at cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1988, the EPA excavated five trenches to disperse heat
build-up and to reduce gas accumulation to decrease the potential for additional
fires. Algoma constructed a chain-link fence to limit access to a 1- to 2-acre
portion of the site. In 1989, Algoma installed a sprinkler system to prevent dry conditions
from contributing to fires. Under an order from the EPA, Algoma constructed a stone wall
along part of the shoreline of the site to prevent wave and ice action from eroding the site.
The EPA completed further stabilization and security actions during the fall of 1991,
including fencing a greater area of the site, repairing existing fences, and further stabilizing
the shoreline area.
Entire Site: In 1988, the EPA began to study the nature and extent of the
contamination at the site. Field work was completed, and the investigative report
was finalized in late 1991. Various remedial options were evaluated and a final
remedy was selected for the site cleanup in September 1992. The remedy selected consists
the removal of contaminated debris, waste, soils and sediments, and disposal in a new on-site
landfill. The Remedial Design was initiated by the Responsible Party in May of 1993 and
Remedial Action should commence by 1995.
Environmental Progress
By constructing a wall to prevent erosion of a portion of the shoreline, reducing the potential
for additional fires, and constructing a security fence to restrict access to part of the site, the
EPA has reduced the possibility of people coming in direct contact with hazardous materials
on the Cannelton Industries, Inc. site while plans for site cleanup are being formulated.
Site Repository
Gayliss Public Library, 541 Library Drive, Sault Sainte Marie, Ml 49783
May 1994 CANNELTON INDUSTRIES, INC.
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CARTER
INDUSTRIAL
MICHIGAN
EPAID# MID980274179
EPA REGION 5
Wayne County
Detroit
Other Names:
Carter Salvage Corporation
Site Description
The Carter Industrials, Inc. site is a former industrial scrap metal yard covering approximately
3 1/2 acres in Detroit. From 1971 to 1986, the metal salvaging operation handled a wide
variety of materials that included electrical transformers and capacitors containing
polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)-contaminated oil. Oil was drained from the transformers, and
the copper component was removed for on-site processing. The facilities included furnaces for
melting aluminum and copper, a brick warehouse, and an office building. Numerous piles of
scrap metal and equipment were lying uncovered throughout the yard. In 1984, a fire broke
out in an area of wooden pallets and scrap iron mounds. During an investigation by the
Michigan Department of Natural Resources and the City fire marshall, oil was found near
the fire area and near the base of three large transformers. The soil was sampled and found
to contain PCBs. During another investigation in 1986, the State found barrels of used PCB-
contaminated oil in and around scrap metal piles. Oil leaking from the barrels contained as
much as 50 percent PCBs. Additional sampling found the contamination had spread into the
backyards of neighboring residences, the sewer leaving the site, and the sewer outfall in the
Detroit River. The area surrounding the scrap yard is urban, with 34,000 people living within
a mile of the site. Three schools, seven churches, a playground, and a post office are located
within 1/2 mile of the site.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Final Date: 03/31/89
Threats and Contaminants
Sediments in the sewer lines and on-site soils are contaminated with PCBs and
heavy metals including arsenic, cadmium, and lead. People who trespass on the
site may be exposed to PCBs through direct contact with or ingestion of
contaminated soils or sediments. Cleanup activities, such as repaying streets and
vacuuming yards and alleys, have reduced the public health threat in the residential
areas. There is a possibility that PCBs may bioaccumulate in fish in the Detroit
River and pose adverse health effects if the fish are eaten.
May 1994
-------
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: Beginning in 1986, the EPA excavated the off-site
contaminated soil and cleaned the streets and alleys with a pressure sprayer and
steel-wire brushes. Alleys and streets that could not be cleaned by the pressure
sprayer were repaved with 2 feet of asphalt. Approximately 10,000 cubic yards of soil were
removed from backyards, parkways, and vacant lots surrounding the facility. The excavated
soil was stored on site. During excavation, some residents were relocated temporarily. A
system was installed to control drainage and to treat the collected runoff. In addition, the site
was fenced to prevent access. In 1988, the EPA overpacked, or placed in sturdy containers,
several hundred leaking PCB capacitors and 30 to 40 drums containing PCB-contaminated
oil. About 600 cubic yards of PCB-contaminated debris, the capacitors, and transformers were
disposed of at Federally approved facilities. Approximately 45 tons of scrap metal were
decontaminated and removed by a local salvage company. The EPA also repaired and
upgraded the fence, which had been damaged by vandals. In 1989, the parties potentially
responsible for the site contamination were ordered by the EPA to undertake interim safety
measures at the site. The parties have completed covering the site with a geotextile material
to prevent rainwater from coming into contact with contaminants, and the site has been
seeded.
Entire Site: In 1989, the EPA began studying the extent of soil contamination at
the site. The study was completed in 1991, and final cleanup measures were
selected. The EPA's selected plan for cleanup involves concentrating the PCBs
through low temperature thermal desorption; transporting the condensed PCB material off
site for incineration; and disposing of the residuals resulting from the treatment of soil in an
on-site containment solid waste cell. The EPA plans to divide the cleanup of the site into
various phases, including the decontaminating the soil, controlling the sources of the
contamination, assessing the effectiveness of the cleanup, and studying the alleys and sewer
lines to ensure there is no threat of residual contamination discharge into the Detroit River.
Site Facts: In 1989, the EPA issued an Administrative Order to several parties potentially
responsible for site contamination, requiring them to undertake interim measures to clean up
the site. This involved posting 24-hour security guards at the site; laying a geotextile cover
over the waste piles to prevent rainwater from coming into contact with buried wastes;
hydroseeding the site; and maintaining the runoff collection and treatment system, as well as
all utilities and services at the site. The State conducted a neighborhood blood testing
program to determine if people had been exposed to PCBs. Results from the 21 residents
living in nine homes next to Carter Industrials indicated that the residents had not absorbed
any more PCBs than the amount normally found in the population of the State of Michigan.
A Consent Decree was entered in court on June 1993. which required the PRPs to conduct
the RD/RA. The design is expected to be approved during the Summer of 1994.
May 1994 CARTER INDUSTRIALS, INC.
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Environmental Progress
The numerous immediate actions taken to remove the contaminants from the area, including
fencing the area and repaying streets and alleyways in the area of the site, have reduced the
potential for exposure to hazardous substances at the Carter Industrials, Inc. site while
cleanup activities are taking place.
Site Repository
Main Library, Reference Department, Detroit Public Library System, 5201 Woodward
Avenue, Detroit, MI 48202
CARTER INDUSTRIALS, INC.
May 1994
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CEMETER
MICHIGAN
EPA ID# MID980794663
IMP
EPA REGION 5
Oakland County
Rose Township
Rose Center
Other Names:
Rose Township Cemetery Dump
Site Description
The 4-acre Cemetery Dump site, once used as a sand and gravel pit, has been backfilled and
cleared. Approximately 300 to 600 barrels containing unknown industrial wastes were believed
to be illegally dumped and buried on site in the late 1960s i early 1970s. In 1981, the
Michigan Department of Natural Resources (MDNR) excavated a test pit and removed 20 to
30 drum fragments from the site. The fragments were taken to a Federally approved facility.
Analysis of the barrel contents indicated the presence of paint sludges, solvents,
polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and oils. Approximately 4,400 people live within 3 miles of
the site. The closest residence is 300 feet away. All the residences in the area use domestic
wells for drinking water.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and State actions.
NPL USTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/30/82
Final Date: 09/08/83
Threats and Contaminants
The drum fragments and soil on the site contained volatile organic compounds
(VOCs), PCBs, and heavy metals including arsenic, cadmium, and lead. People
who had direct contact with or accidentally ingested contaminated soil or drum
contents may have been at risk.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in a long-term remedial phase focusing on controlling the source
of contamination.
May 1994
-------
Response Action Status
Source Control: In 1985, the State selected a remedy to control the source of
the contamination by excavating approximately 250 drums and drum fragments and
contaminated soils. These drums were disposed of at a federally approved facility.
A fence was installed in 1987. The State completed the cleanup activities in 1989.
Entire Site: In 1989, the State, after extensive sampling and analysis, determined
that the removal of the source of contamination had corrected the soil and
groundwater contamination; therefore, no further actions are planned. The State
will monitor the groundwater for 5 years to ensure there are no health threats to the public
or the environment. No contaminants were detected in the last groundwater sampling.
Environmental Progress
The removal of drums and contaminated soils from the site have eliminated the potential for
exposure to contaminated materials at the Cemetery Dump site. The State will continue to
monitor the groundwater to ensure the protection of nearby residents and the environment.
In mid-1991, the EPA initiated the process for deleting this site from the NPL.
Site Repository
Holly Township Library, 1116 North Saginaw Street, Holly, MI 48442
May 1994
CEMETERY DUMP
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CHARLEY
MUNICIPAL W
MICHIGAN
EPA ID# MID980794390
EPA REGION 5
Charlevoix County
Charlevoix
Site Description
The Charlevoix Municipal Well site is located on the shore of Lake Michigan and consists of
a municipal well system made up of a shallow well connected to a horizontal flume buried
beneath the beach of Lake Michigan. This well is no longer in use. The flume collected
groundwater and channeled it into the well, where it was pumped to the distribution system.
Approximately half of the water entering the system came from Lake Michigan and half from
shallow groundwater sources. The City's water system was interconnected with the South
Charlevoix Township water supply, which is served by two uncontaminated wells. In 1981, the
City of Charlevoix was notified by the Michigan Department of Public Health that its water
system was contaminated. The City subsequently installed four monitoring wells near its
municipal well with the assistance of the Michigan Department of Natural Resources
(MDNR). The EPA became involved with the site in 1982, when it installed nine
groundwater monitoring wells throughout the city. In 1982 and 1983, the MDNR conducted
several soil boring studies to locate the source of contamination and concluded that part of
the contamination may have originated on a local school property. The City installed a system
to introduce oxygen into the municipal supply in 1982; however, this aeration system was only
partially effective in removing contaminants from the water. This problem was subsequently
solved. To date, the sources of contamination of the City's water system have not been fully
identified despite investigations conducted by the EPA and the MDNR. It is likely that there
is no current source of contamination but that groundwater was contaminated by one or
more spills or by a source that was later removed. The off-season population of 3,500 in
Charlevoix increases to approximately 10,000 people during the summer months.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/30/82
Final Date: 09/08/83
May 1994
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Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater and soil are contaminated with various volatile organic compounds
(VOCs). All area residents are connected to the Municipal water Supply and so
are not exposed to contaminated groundwater.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: initial actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: The EPA constructed a new water intake system and filtration
plant using water from Lake Michigan as its source. A buried intake pipe was
constructed that connects to the existing City pumphouse. A chlorine diffuser,
anchored inside and running the entire length of the intake pipe, disinfects the water. The
EPA built a water filtration treatment plant in 1985. The plant became operational in 1987.
The intake system and water treatment plant successfully provide potable water.
Entire Site: In 1985, after completing an extensive study to identify
the source of site contamination, the EPA selected the following cleanup methods
to address site contamination: allow the contaminant plumes to dilute under
natural flow conditions to Lake Michigan; continue long-term monitoring of the plumes
during the natural purging period; and impose restrictions on the installation of private wells
to be enforced by local health officials. The implementation of the selected remedies was
completed in 1989. To solve the problem caused by blockage of water intake by drifting lake
sand, the EPA and the State added additional intake piping to improve the water capacity.
This site was deleted from the NPL in December 1993.
Environmental Progress
By providing an alternate water supply, the EPA has eliminated the potential of exposure to
contaminated drinking water. The restrictions on the installation of private wells and long-
term monitoring will continue to protect residents living near the Charlevoix Municipal Well
site.
Site Repository
Charlevoix Public Library, 109 Clinroa Street, Charlcvnix. MI 49720
May 1994 CHARLEVOIX MUNICIPAL WELL
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CHEM CENTRAL
MICHIGAN
EPA ID# MID98047707C
Site Description
EPA REGION 5
Kent County
Wyoming Township
Wyoming
Other Names:
Wolverine Chemical
Since 1957, Chem Central has distributed industrial chemicals from this 2-acre site in
Wyoming. Between 1957 and 1962, hazardous wastes entered the ground at the facility
through a construction flaw in a pipe used to transfer liquids between rail cars and bulk
storage tanks. The flaw was repaired after losses were noted in chemical inventories. The
Michigan Department of Natural Resources (MDNR) found toxic contaminants in sediments
in a ditch 1,000 feet from the site in 1977. The State dammed the ditch and restricted access
by fencing and posting signs. The EPA excavated sludge from the ditch in 1978, and with the
State, continued to sample soil and groundwater that seeped into a pit. A 1984 State court
order required Chem Central to clean up the groundwater and remove contaminated soils
from the ditch. Approximately 15,000 people live within 1 mile of the site. All residences are
connected to the Grand Rapids municipal water supply, which draws from Lake Michigan and
the Grand River. Surface water runoff from the site drains into Cole Drain, which also drains
other industrial sites nearby. Cole Drain flows into Plaster Creek, 1/2 mile north of the site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/30/82
Final Date: 09/08/83
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater contains various volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds (VOCs
and SVOCs). Soil is contaminated with phthalates, VOCs, and polychlorinated
biphenyls (PCBs). Plaster Creek receives runoff from the site through Cole Drain.
Because all residences in the area use the municipal water system, the only threat
of exposure is by accidentally ingesting contaminated groundwater or having direct
contact with contaminated soils on the site property.
May 1994
-------
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1984, Chem Central designed and constructed a purge
well and underdrain system to capture contaminants seeping into the groundwater
that originated from on site. The company also constructed an air stripping system
to treat the extracted groundwater for discharge into the municipal waste water treatment
system. A vapor phase carbon adsorption system treats the off-gases from the air stripping
system. In addition, Chem Central excavated, removed, and disposed of contaminated soil
and water from the ditch in a federally approved facility. While the soil and water were being
removed, a guard was posted in the area. The empty pit was filled with clean soil. These
cleanup activities were completed in 1985.
Entire Site: In 1987, Chem Central, under EPA monitoring, began a study to
determine the extent of groundwater and surface water contamination and to
determine if any soil contamination remains. The study was completed in 1991
and a final cleanup remedy was selected. The remedy includes constructing a soil vapor
extraction system to treat contaminated soil; extending the current groundwater pump and
treat system; and collecting oil floating in the purge wells and disposing of the collected oil off
site. The design of the remedy began in mid-1992 and is expected to be completed in 1994.
Site Facts: In 1987, the EPA and Chem Central signed an Administrative Order on Consent
under which the company agreed to study and clean up the site. The EPA issued a Unilateral
Administrative Order to Chem Central in April 1992 requiring the company to conduct the
design and cleanup activities at the site.
Environmental Progress
The immediate actions have contained most of the contaminated groundwater underlying the
site and removed the threat of direct contact with the contaminated sediments and water in
the ditch. These actions have reduced the potential for exposure to hazardous materials at
the Chem Central site while further cleanup activities are being planned.
Site Repository
Wyoming Public Library, 3350 Michael Street, Southwest, Wyoming, MI 49509
May 1994 CHEM CENTRAL
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CLARE WAT
SUPPLY
MICHIGAN
EPA ID# MID980002273
Site Description
EPA REGION 5
Clare County
Clare
Other Names:
Clare Municipal Well Field
The Clare Water Supply site consists of four production wells (Wells #2, #5, #6, and #7)
and their related water treatment and storage facilities. Two of the four wells are
contaminated with various volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Pumping from Well #5 was
limited in 1982, and the city water supply since has been provided mainly by the blending of
water from Wells #2 and #5 with the uncontaminated water from Well #6. The City uses an
aeration system to remove iron from the water supply, which also results in volatilization of
the contaminants in the other two wells. Several industrial areas bordering the site are
believed to be the sources of contamination. Fourteen manufacturing and retail businesses
operate in the area around the municipal well field. Historical operations at some of these
businesses involved the use of solvents or degreasers. Approximately 3,300 people live within
3 miles of the site. The nearest residence is located less than 1/4 mile from the site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
potentially responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 09/08/83
Final Date: 09/21/84
Threats and Contaminants
ZGJ
Groundwater and soil are contaminated with bromoform and VOCs including vinyl
chloride, trichloroethone, dichlorethene and dichloroethane. Sediment samples
from a nearby drainage ditch contain VOCs. Potential health threats to people
stem from ingesting or coming into direct contact with contaminated groundwater,
surface water, or sediments. This is the drinking water supply for the town which
is contaminated.
May 1994
-------
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in three stages: immediate actions and two long-term remedial
phases focusing on cleanup of the entire site and the source areas and aquifer.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1985, four companies located west of the well field were
identified by the EPA and the Michigan Department of Natural Resources
(MDNR) as being potentially responsible for the groundwater contamination.
Entire Site: In 1990, the EPA selected a remedy, which included air stripping
Wells #2 and #5. The air stripper was constructed in early 1991 and
has been in operation for 1 year. The MDPH will continue to test the municipal
water supply on a regular basis to ensure that it remains safe for use.
Source Areas and Aquifer: The potentially responsible parties, under EPA
supervision, conducted a study of the source areas and the contaminated aquifer.
The EPA evaluated the study findings and selected a final cleanup remedy in 1992
which includes soil vapor extraction and groundwater extraction and treatment. The PRPs
RD/RA workplan was approved in February 1994.
Site Facts: In 1985, the EPA and several potentially responsible parties entered into an
Administrative Order on Consent that requires the parties, under EPA and State monitoring,
to investigate site contamination. In 1991, UAO was issued for air strippers. In 1993, a
UAO was issued for site cleanup-present RA.
Environmental Progress
The municipal water supply is now protected by an air stripping water treatment system. The
implementation of this water treatment system for exposure to hazardous substances at the
Clare Water Supply site while cleanup activities are being planned to address the source areas
and the contaminated aquifer.
Site Repository
Garfield Memorial Library, 4th and McEwan Streets, Clare, MI 48617
May 1994
CLARE WATER SUPPLY
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CLIFF/DOW DU
MICHIGAN
EPA ID# MID980608970
EPA REGION 5
Marquette County
1 mile north of Marquette
Site Description
The 2-acre Cliff/Dow Dump site is an abandoned waste disposal area. Between 1954 and the
early 1960s, the site was used for the disposal of waste materials generated by a nearby
charcoal manufacturing facility. Wood tars generated during the production process were
burned at the plant, although some of the tar solids were disposed of at the site. The City of
Marquette has a population of 23,000. Four residences are located within 1/2 mile of the site.
The Dead River, located 2,000 feet southeast of the site, is considered a good sport fishing
area. The City of Marquette obtains its drinking water from Lake Superior.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/30/82
Final Date: 09/08/83
Threats and Contaminants
Off-site groundwater is contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and
phenols. The surface soil in the landfill area contains elevated levels of VOCs,
phenols and PAH's. The potential health risks to people stem from direct contact
with or accidental ingestion of contaminated soil.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: an immediate action and a long-term remedial
phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
May 1994
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Response Action Status
Immediate Action: In 1984, the parties potentially responsible for site
contamination installed a fence around the site to restrict access.
Entire Site: Based on a comprehensive investigation into site contamination, the
cleanup activities were selected, which include: excavation and incineration of 200
cubic yards of uncovered tar; excavation and biological treatment of 9,200 cubic
yards of contaminated fill material; construction of a topsoil cover and revegetation of the fill
material; deed restrictions to prevent the installation of drinking water wells within the
vicinity of the contaminated groundwater boundaries and the disturbance of fill materials; and
groundwater and air monitoring. In June 1990, the potentially responsible parties excavated
and incinerated 200 cubic yards of tar. The parties also are preparing the technical plans for
implementing the remainder of the selected remedy. Construction is scheduled to begin in
1994, once the technical design is approved.
Site Facts: In 1984, the potentially responsible parties signed a Consent Order agreeing to
conduct a study into the nature and extent of contamination at the site.
Environmental Progress
The installation of a fence and the excavation and incineration of tar have reduced the
potential for exposure to contaminated materials at the Cliff/Dow Dump site while additional
cleanup remedies are being designed.
Site Repository
Peter White Public Library, 217 North Front Street, Marquette, Ml 49855
May 1994
CLIFF/DOW DUMP
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DUELL &
LANDFILL
MICHIGAN
EPA ID# MID980504716
EPA REGION 5
Muskegon County
Dalton Township
Site Description
The 40-acre Duell & Gardner Landfill site was an operating municipal landfill from the 1940s
to 1975. Before 1969, industrial waste and general refuse were accepted at the site. From
1969 to 1973, the landfill was operated as a licensed solid waste disposal facility. Specific
areas were excavated and waste was placed in unlined trenches. In 1971, the Michigan
Department of Public Health (MDPH) stipulated that no liquid waste was to be disposed of
in the landfill; however, in 1973, the Muskegon County Health Department noticed that
liquid waste disposal was still occurring. The landfill ceased operations in 1975. Materials
found on the site included approximately 500 drums in various stages of deterioration,
hundreds of lab bottles, areas of refuse and debris, and piles of unidentified sludge-like
material. Wastes apparently were deposited on the soil surface and in ground depressions.
Approximately 1,200 people live within a 2-mile radius of the site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and State actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/30/82
Final Date: 09/08/83
Threats and Contaminants
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including chloroform, carbon tetrachloride,
aniline, and N,N-dimethylaniline have been detected in site groundwater. VOCs
including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), crystal violet, aniline, and N,N-
dimethylaniline were detected in site soil. Potential health risks may exist for
individuals who have direct contact with or ingest contaminated groundwater soil.
May 1994
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1986, the EPA constructed an access road to the first
drum site. Drums were staged and empty drums were crushed. Contaminated soil
under the drums was removed, and the drums and soil were covered. Thirty cubic
yards of contaminated soil and drums were transported off the site for disposal. The site also
was fenced.
Entire Site: The State initiated an investigation in 1987 to determine the type and
extent of groundwater and soil contamination remaining at the site and to identify
alternative technologies for the cleanup. Field work was completed in early 1992,
during which a treatability study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of different
technologies in treating aniline, N, N dimethylaniline, and crystal violet. Based on the results
of the investigation, a remedy for the remediation of VOCs from site soil and groundwater
was selected on September 7, 1993.
Environmental Progress
Excavating, covering, and removing drums and contaminated soil and posting warning signs at
the site reduced the potential for exposure to contaminated soil and drums at the site.
EPA is currently beginning the remedial design/remedial action (RD/RA) phase of the
Superfund process while studies were taking place and cleanup activities are being planned.
Site Repository
Dalton Township Hall, 1616 East Riley Thompson Road, Muskegon, MI 49445
May 1994 DUELL & GARDNER LANDFILL
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ELECTROVQ
MICHIGAN
EPAID# MID005068143
EPA REGION 5
Berrien County
Buchanan
Site Description
Several manufacturing companies have occupied the Electrovoice site since the 1920s.
Campbell Transportation Company operated at the site in the early 1930s. Dry Zero
Corporation produced insulating materials at the site from the mid-1930s to 1940. From 1940
to 1946, Clark Equipment leased the property to manufacture transmissions for large
equipment. In 1946, Electrovoice, Inc. purchased the property and has since used the location
to manufacture electronic sound reproduction equipment. Refuse from demolitions was
deposited into a natural land depression located on site from the 1920s to the early 1950s.
The depression was filled in until it was approximately the level of the remaining Electrovoice
property. Portions of the Electrovoice property are built upon this fill material. In 1952,
Electrovoice built two lagoons to dispose of liquid electroplating waste produced at its plant
on the site. The north lagoon was continuously filled with water, but the south lagoon, which
was built to hold overflow from the first lagoon, never received waste. Electrovoice took the
lagoons out of service and, in 1962, installed a wastewater treatment facility on site. In 1979,
the Michigan Department of Natural Resources (MDNR) inspected the spill containment
system that Electrovoice installed after a drain pipe spilled liquid wastes into the north
lagoon. Both lagoons were closed by Electrovoice in 1980 and subsequently backfilled. Other
potential sources of contamination at the site include a dry well that was used for the disposal
of liquid wastes from the plant's paint and glue shop and an underground tank that was used
to store oil for fuel. Approximately 7,900 people live within a 3-mile radius of the site, and
10,000 people are supplied with water from nearby municipal wells. McCoy Creek, located 1/2
mile downstream of the site, is used for recreation.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 09/08/83
Final Date: 09/21/84
May 1994
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Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater is contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Soils are
contaminated with VOCs and inorganics. Samples of lagoon sludge and standing
water showed elevated levels of heavy metals and cyanide in the water. Possible
health threats stem from direct contact with or ingestion of contaminated
groundwater, surface water, sludge, or soil.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two operable units: the first operable unit calls for capping of
the lagoon area, pumping and treating of the on-site contaminated groundwater and soil
vapor extraction (SVE) with excavation of the dry well area soils; the second operable unit
consists of off-property groundwater.
A site demonstration of the Subsurface Volatilization and Ventilation System is currently
being funded trough the EPA's Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation program. This
demonstration project, if proven successful, may replace some of the selected technologies
chosen in the ROD for the treatment of drywell area soils.
Response Action Status
Entire Site: In 1987, the MDNR began an investigation into the nature and
extent of contamination at the site. Electrovoice took over the study in 1988. The
remedial investigation was completed in 1990. The feasibility study was completed
in September 1991 and final cleanup remedies were selected for the lagoon area, on-site
contaminated groundwater and the dry well area soils.
Site Facts: In 1987, the EPA and Electrovoice entered into a Consent Order that required
the company to carry out a study of site contamination. The feasibility study was completed
by the EPA in September 1991. On June 30, 1992, EPA issued a Record of Decision (ROD)
addressing the first operable unit. Remedial design is currently underway and should be
completed by early 1995.
Environmental Progress
After adding this site to the NPL, the EPA performed preliminary investigations and
determined that no immediate actions were required at ihe Electrovoice site while studies are
taking place and cleanup activities are being planned.
May 1994 ELECTROVOICE
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Site Repository
Buchanan Public Library, 117 West Front Street, Buchanan, ML 49107
ELECTROVOICE May 1994
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FOLKERTSMJLBEFUSE
MICHIGAN
EPA ID# MID980609366
Site Description
EPA REGION 5
Kent County
Walker
The 8-acre Folkertsma Refuse site was operated as a licensed, yet improperly zoned, landfill
accepting mostly foundry sand and some construction debris. The property was sold in 1969
and operated as an industrial disposal site until the former owner repurchased it in 1972.
Between 1969 and 1972, additional foundry sand and other unidentified wastes were
deposited at the site. A pallet repair and manufacturing company erected three pole buildings
and started a pallet manufacturing business that is currently in operation. The EPA was
notified of past waste disposal activities at the site in 1981. In 1983, the EPA examined
information that described the disposal activities on the property and determined that an on-
site investigation of possible contamination should be conducted. The investigation was
conducted in 1984. The Michigan Department of Natural Resources (MDNR) also
investigated the property in 1985 and found 40,000 cubic yards of landfilled waste consisting
of foundry sand, chemical products, construction debris, and other industrial wastes from
heavy manufacturing operations. However, a later investigation conducted by the EPA
estimated that there is 57,000 cubic yards of landfilled waste. Approximately 8,000 people live
within a mile of the site.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/10/86
Final Date: 03/31/89
Threats and Contaminants
r/~s<"V-
Groundwater beneath the landfill is contaminated with arsenic. Sediments from
two drainage ditches on the property and landfilled materials contain polynuclear
aromatic hydrocarbons (PNAs) and heavy metals including arsenic, cadmium,
chromium, nickel, and lead. Possible health threats stem from direct contact with
or ingestion of contaminated groundwater, sediments, or landfilled materials, as
well as inhaling contaminated dusts. Contaminated sediments pose an
environmental risk because of the possibility of bioaccumulation of chemicals.
May 1994
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in a long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the entire
site.
Response Action Status
Entire Site: The EPA initiated an investigation in 1988 to determine the type and
extent of contamination at the site and to identify alternative technologies for the
cleanup. The study was completed in 1990, and a final cleanup remedy was
selected in 1991. The final cleanup remedy involves excavating contaminated sediments and
placing these sediments in the landfill. A clay cap will be constructed over the contaminated
sediments and landfill materials. In addition, improved drains will provide for continued
drainage of the site, and gas vents will be placed on each side of the landfill to prevent the
buildup of gases if necessary. The pallet manufacturing company will be relocated to an area
north of the landfill limits. Fencing and deed restrictions will control access and use of the
site, while groundwater and drainage water monitoring will ensure the effectiveness of the
cleanup. The design of the remedy began in June 1992, and was approved in September 1993.
Construction is expected to begin April 1994, and last for approximately five to six months.
Environmental Progress
After adding this site to the NPL, the EPA performed preliminary investigations and
determined that no immediate actions were required at the Folkertsma Refuse site while
cleanup activities were being planned.
Site Repository
Kent County Public Library, 4293 Remembrance Road, Northwest, Grand Rapids, MI 49504
May 1994
FOLKERTSMA REFUSE
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FOREST
WASTE
PRODUCTS
MICHIGAN
EPAID# MID980410740
Site Description
EPA REGION 5
Genesee County
2 miles northwest of Otisville
Other Names:
orest Waste Disposal Landfill
The 112-acre Forest Waste Products site is a 11-acre landfill with nine lagoons. It was
licensed from 1972 to 1978 to receive general refuse and wastes. Drummed wastes from
various sources were disposed of, and waste oils, sludges, paint and resin wastes, and sulfuric
acid were placed in the lagoons. In 1974, the site accepted sludge and waste from an Agrico
Chemical Warehouse fire, while in 1975, the site accepted polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)-
contaminated roofing material and contaminated cattle feed. Trenches were dug randomly,
industrial wastes were buried with general refuse, and liquid wastes were discharged into the
landfill and onto the ground. Wetlands near the site drain into Butternut Creek, which
eventually discharges into the Flint River. The site is underlain by two drinking water
aquifers. There are 50 residences near the site, and the area around the site is used for
hunting.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL USTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/30/82
Final Date: 09/08/83
Threats and Contaminants
IGJ
Groundwater is contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The
lagoon subsurface soils showed significant concentrations of lead, PCBs, and
VOCs. The landfill soil is contaminated with lead, chromium, phthalates, VOCs
and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Potential risks may exist for
individuals who have direct contact with or ingest contaminated groundwater or
soil. However, the site is fenced, thereby reducing potential entry by unauthorized
individuals. Wetlands also may be threatened.
May 1994
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in three stages: immediate actions and two long-term remedial
phases focusing on cleanup of the lagoons and cleanup of the landfill with groundwater
monitoring.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: Under EPA monitoring, the parties potentially responsible
for the contamination installed a fence around the site in 1984.
Lagoons: The EPA selected the following cleanup actions for the lagoons:
excavation, treatment, and disposal of 4,000 cubic yards of contaminated sludges,
sediments, and soils in an off-site landfill; and extraction, treatment, and disposal
of 110,000 gallons of liquid wastes at a licensed treatment facility. The EPA completed the
technical specifications to clean up the lagoon in 1988. Under EPA monitoring, the
potentially responsible parties initiated the cleanup activities in 1988. The work was
completed in 1990.
Landfill and Groundwater: The EPA has selected the following actions for
cleanup of the landfill: excavation and off-site incineration of approximately 4,000
drums and 1,000 cubic yards of associated contaminated soils; installation of a
containment system including a cover, a slurry wall, a dewatering system, and a leachate
collection system; and treatment and disposal of collected leachate. The EPA currently is in
the process of designing the technologies to be used in the landfill cleanup work. The
groundwater remedy includes: deed restrictions to prevent the use of the groundwater as a
drinking water source; access restrictions; and groundwater monitoring to ensure that the
system is containing the pollutants. The EPA began monitoring the groundwater in 1989; the
State is scheduled to take over the 30-year monitoring program in 1991. Portions of soil and
continuing groundwater cleanup are in the design stage. Technologies involved include
capping, installing a slurry wall, and extracting groundwater.
Site Facts: The EPA issued an Administrative Order on Consent, requiring the potentially
responsible parties to clean up the lagoons.
May 1994 FOREST WASTE PRODUCTS
-------
Environmental Progress
Installing a fence and the treating and disposing of sludges, soils, and liquids in the lagoons
have reduced the potential for exposure to contaminated materials at the Forest Waste
Products site while the design and cleanup activities are continuing.
Site Repository
Forest Township Library, 130 East Main Street, Otisville, MI 48463
FOREST WASTE PRODUCTS
May 1994
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G & H LANDFI
MICHIGAN
EPA ID# MID980410823
Site Description
EPA REGION 5
Macomb County
Between Utica and Rochester
The 80-acre G & H Landfill site operated as a waste oil recovery facility from 1955 to 1967
and as a municipal refuse disposal site until 1974. During operations, large amounts of waste
oil were dumped into two unlined storage ponds. In addition, solvents, paint thinners, and
other compounds were disposed of in "paint pits" located throughout the landfill. The
Rochester-Utica State Recreational Area borders the site, and a series of interconnected
shallow ponds formed by past gravel mining exist in this area. Some of the ponds are
contaminated with waste oil and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Approximately 54,000
people live within 3 miles of the site.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 07/16/82
Final Date: 09/03/83
Threats and Contaminants
m
Groundwater, surface water, soil, and sediments are contaminated with volatile
organic compounds (VOCs), phthalates, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs),
PCBs, and heavy metals. People who accidentally touch or ingest contaminated
groundwater, surface water, soil, or sediments may suffer adverse health effects.
Residents who use the off-site ponds for fishing may be harmed through direct
contact with or ingestion of contaminated surface water or fish. In addition, the
pollutants may be harmful to wildlife living in or near the wetlands.
May 1994
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1982, the EPA installed 18 monitoring wells for
groundwater sampling. A fence was constructed to prevent the recreation area
users from coming into contact with the hazardous waste seeps. Three overflow
dams also were installed. When the oily seeps extended beyond the fenced area, the EPA
installed a skimmer to prevent the floating oils from migrating. In 1983, the EPA installed
clay barriers in the path of the seepages to restrict the movement of PCB-contaminated oil.
The existing fence was extended to surround the new seepages. By 1986, the clay barrier and
fence had deteriorated in the swampy areas. The EPA blocked all recreational vehicle trails
with earthen mounds to prevent access to the site. In addition, a main entrance gate was
established, warning signs were posted, and security guards were hired to discourage
trespassers. The EPA also began preparing for the site cleanup by constructing a road and a
barn to contain three storage tanks of recovered wastes. Drains and culverts were
constructed to restrict the flow of PCB-contaminated oil. In 1987, an access road collapsed,
blocking the drains carrying runoff from the site. The drain was cleared, and the roadway was
stabilized. In 1988, the EPA installed a fence around the entire site. A water treatment and
leachate collection system also is being maintained in the oil seep area.
Entire Site: In 1990, the EPA decided to contain the contamination at the landfill
by capping and installing a partial slurry wall; pumping and treating groundwater
outside of the slurry wall; excavating, consolidating, and capping PCB-
contaminated soil outside of the slurry wall; and providing municipal water connections as
needed. Wetlands affected by the site will be restored. The Potentially Responsible Parties
began the cleanup design in the fall of 1993. The design is expected to be completed March
1995. The 30 percent design is due April 29, 1994 and was delayed due to the harsh winter
weather. Municipal water connections are scheduled to be completed by May 1994.
Environmental Progress
The numerous immediate actions described above have reduced the potential for exposure to
contaminated materials at the G & H Landfill site while final cleanup activities are being
planned.
Site Repository
Shelby Township Library, 51680 Van Dyke Avenue, Utica, MI 48316
May 1994 G & H LANDFILL
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GRAND TRAV
OVERALL SU
COMPANY
MICHIGAN
EPA ID# MID017418559
Site Description
EPA REGION 5
Leelanau County
Greilickville
The Grand Traverse Overall Supply Company (GTOS) site is a commercial laundering facility
covering 1 acre in Greilickville. The facility was built in 1953; dry-cleaning machines were
installed in 1968 and 1973. The facility is no longer used for dry cleaning, and the machines
were removed in the early 1980s. A dry well was used to collect waste until 1955, but seepage
lagoons were constructed in 1955, 1961, and 1968 and collected wastes until 1977, when the
facility began discharging waste to the sanitary sewer system. In 1978, the Michigan
Department of Natural Resources discovered that groundwater in the area was contaminated
with volatile organic compounds (VOCs). At least 10 wells were found to be contaminated,
including a well used by an elementary school adjacent to the facility. The school and other
residences used bottled water until new wells in a deeper, confined aquifer were installed.
The contaminated wells were capped when the new wells were drilled. In the late 1970s, the
lagoons on the site were drained and filled with gravel, and contaminated soils around the dry
well and barrels of waste sludge were removed. Approximately 1,200 people live within 3
miles of the site. The nearest residence is 250 feet south of the facility. Cedar Lake, Cedar
Lake Outlet, and Grand Traverse Bay are all less than 1/4 mile away from the site. Cedar
Lake and Grand Traverse Bay are used for swimming and other recreational activities.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/30/82
Final Date: 09/08/83
Threats and Contaminants
VOCs have been found in the groundwater. Since contaminated wells have been
replaced, contact with contaminated groundwater no longer poses a threat. Lagoon
sediments, dry cleaning waste sludges, soil from the dry well, and wastewater and
cooling water were contaminated with trichloroethylene (TCE) and
perchloroethylene. There was a potential for contamination of Cedar Lake, Cedar
Lake Outlet, and Grand Traverse Bay with TCE prior to cleanup actions. People
who had direct contact with or accidentally ingested contaminated groundwater,
soil, or surface water may have been at risk. If the contaminated groundwater
plume had migrated towards Grand Traverse Bay, the wildlife living in or around
the Bay could have been exposed to pollutants.
May 1994
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed through initial actions; further investigations showed that no other
cleanup actions are required.
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: Contaminated wells have been replaced by new, deeper wells. In
addition, the lagoons were drained in the late 1970s, and sludge and contaminated
soils were removed.
Entire Site: In 1988, the EPA began a study to determine the nature and extent
of the groundwater, soil, and surface water contamination at the site. The study,
completed in 1992, showed that the initial cleanup actions have addressed the
threats to the people and the environment. Therefore, EPA has determined that no further
cleanup actions are necessary.
Environmental Progress
Replacement of contaminated wells and removal of contaminated soils have eliminated the
potential for exposure to site-related contaminants. The EPA has determined that no other
actions are required at the Grand Traverse Overall Supply Company site.
Site Repository
Traverse Area District Library, 322 6th Street, Traverse City, MI 49684
May 1994
GRAND TRAVERSE
OVERALL SUPPLY COMPANY
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GRATIOT CO
GOLF COU
MICHIGAN
EPA ID# MID980794531
EPA REGION 5
Gratiot County
St. Louis
Other Names:
Edgewood Farms Golf Course Site
Site Description
The Gratiot County Golf Course site covered 3 acres in St. Louis. From 1956 until 1970, the
Michigan Chemical Corporation, later purchased by the Velsicol Chemical Corporation,
burned and disposed of industrial waste, including the pesticide DDT, on the site.
Approximately 2,000 to 3,000 gallons of hazardous waste were disposed of on the site. Waste
seeped from the site into the Pine River, which is used for recreational activities. In 1982,
Velsicol, under State supervision, cleaned up the site and agreed to clean up two other sites
for which it is potentially responsible: the Gratiot County Landfill and the Velsicol Plant in
St. Louis. Approximately 2,500 people live within 1 mile of the site. About 5,500 people use
groundwater for drinking water within 3 miles of the golf course. Two municipal water wells
are located within 3 miles of the site.
Site Responsibility: This site was addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/01/82
Final Date: 12/01/82
Deleted Date: 09/08/83
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater was contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and
heavy metals. Surface water was contaminated with benzene. All cleanup actions
have been completed, and the site no longer poses a threat to public health or the
environment.
May 1994
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Cleanup Approach
The site was addressed through immediate actions.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: Contaminated sediments were removed to the Velsicol
Plant and disposed of in accordance with the cleanup plan for that site.
Additionally, contaminated groundwater underlying the golf course area is
continuous with contamination at neighboring sites and was addressed as part of their cleanup
strategy.
Site Facts: The Gratiot County Golf Course site was placed on the first proposed NPL in
December 1982. All cleanup actions were completed before the first final NPL was
established. In November 1982, Velsicol agreed to a combined settlement for cleanup of this
site and two others in Michigan, the Gratiot County Landfill and the Velsicol Plant in
St. Louis.
Environmental Progress
The immediate actions performed have removed the sources of contamination and eliminated
any potential threats at the site. Site evaluations determined that no additional cleanup work
was required, and the Gratiot County Golf Course site was deleted from the NPL in 1983.
The site continues to be used as a recreational golf course while cleanup actions continue at
the related NPL sites in the area.
Site Repository
Information is no longer available.
May 1994 GRATIOT COUNTY GOLF COURSE
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GRATIOT CO
LANDFILL
MICHIGAN
EPA ID# MID980506281
Site Description
EPA REGION 5
Gratiot County
1/2 mile southeast of St. Louis
The Gratiot County Landfill site covers 40 acres southeast of St. Louis. Prior to 1977, the
Michigan Chemical Corporation (later purchased by Velsicol Chemical Corporation) disposed
of various plant wastes, including 269,000 pounds of polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs), at the
landfill. The landfill also accepted general refuse. In 1977, the State discovered elevated levels
of contaminants in shallow aquifers and in several nearby ponds. In addition, the State
learned that in at least one, possibly two, places the wastes were in direct contact with the
immediately underlying aquifer. The potential existed for contamination of the deeper
aquifers supplying drinking water for the region. Approximately 5,300 people live within 3
miles of the landfill; about 1,500 people are located within a mile. Municipal water wells
serving 4,100 people are located within 3 miles of the site. The Pine River is located
approximately 1 1/2 miles west of the site.
Site Responsibility: The site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/22/81
Final Date: 09/08/83
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater and surface water contain PBBs. Potential health risks include
accidental ingestion of or direct contact with contaminated groundwater and
surface water.
May 1994
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in a long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the entire
site.
Response Action Status
Entire Site: Between 1977 and 1980, various hydrogeological studies were
performed at the site. Based on these studies, the Michigan Department of
Natural Resources (MDNR) prepared an Environmental Impact Assessment and
developed alternatives for cleanup of the site. A remedy for the site was selected in 1981, and
in 1984, the State, with Velsicol Chemical Corporation, took action to minimize the migration
of contaminants from the landfill. This included regrading the surface to direct runoff from
the landfill area, covering the waste with clay to prevent rainwater from coming into contact
with the buried wastes, and constructing a slurry wall along the property boundary to contain
contaminated groundwater. A groundwater purge system was constructed and a 5-acre evapo-
transpiration bed was installed to dispose of water from the purge wells. However, the
groundwater purge system was never used. In 1992, the State completed an investigation
which showed that the slurry wall is ineffective in halting groundwater flow at several
locations. Low levels of Benzene, Chloroethane, 1,1 Dichloroethane, and 1,2 Dichloroethane
were detected outside the slurry wall. No PBB's were detected in groundwater samples. In
1994, the State began an investigation to determine the extent of contamination outside the
landfill. An additional objective of this investigation, due in 1995, is to conduct a Feasibility
Study to evaluate alternatives for groundwater remediation if necessary at the site.
Site Facts: In November 1982, Velsicol Chemical Corporation agreed to a combined
settlement for cleanup of this site and two others in Michigan, the Gratiot County Golf
Course and the Velsicol Plant in St. Louis.
Environmental Progress
The surface regrading, covering of the waste, and construction of a slurry wall have reduced
the potential for exposure to hazardous materials at the Gratiot County Landfill site while
studies are taking place to determine whether further cleanup activities will be required.
Site Repository
Not established.
May 1994 GRATIOT COUNTY LANDFILL
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H. BROWN
MICHIGAN
EPAID# MID017075136
EPA REGION 5
Kent County
Grand Rapids
Walker
/t
1
.1 r
Site Description
The 3 1/2-acre H. Brown Co., Inc. site is an active automobile and forklift battery recycling
facility. The site and surrounding area may have been used as a municipal waste disposal
landfill before the H. Brown Company began operations on the property in 1961. Initially, the
company's operations involved buying, dismantling, processing, and selling scrap metal and
junk. Later, the company focused on reclaiming lead from used batteries. Until 1978, the lead
reclamation process involved dismantling batteries and draining battery acid onto an area of
the site. Between 1961 and 1978, 170,000 to 460,000 gallons of battery acid may have been
drained. The company discontinued its lead reclamation activities in 1982, but continues to
collect used batteries and sell them to other businesses. Responding to a request by the
Michigan Department of Natural Resources (MDNR), the company installed liquid collection
pans and stainless steel storage tanks on the site in 1978 to collect and contain drummed
battery acids instead of draining them on the ground. Acid that was stored in the tanks later
was taken to an off-site facility for disposal. Surface water from the site drains through a
ditch to a wetland, which then empties into the Grand River 1/4 mile east of the site.
Approximately 3,000 people live within a 3-mile radius of the site. The source of municipal
water is Lake Michigan, with supplementary water drawn from the Grand River each
summer. The site and surrounding properties are in the flood plain of the Grand River.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
Threats and Contaminants
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 04/10/85
Final Date: 06/10/86
Lead and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are contaminating the air,
groundwater, and soil. Wastewaters on the property contain heavy metals including
copper, nickel, lead, and chromium. Potential health threats include accidentally
ingesting or coming in direct contact with contaminated groundwater, soil, or
wastewater or breathing contaminated air. The Grand River and nearby wetlands
are threatened by contaminants from the siic.
May 1994
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two phases: interim actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Interim Actions: In spring 1991, the EPA took measures to limit the scattering
of dust from surface soils and fenced the property to the north of the facility to
limit access to the area where soils are contaminated with lead. Later, the
potentially responsible parties erected a fence and performed limited air monitoring. The
potentially responsible parties have not yet completed all air monitoring requirements.
Entire Site: The EPA initiated an investigation in 1988 to determine the nature
and extent of groundwater, soil, air, and sediment contamination at the site and to
identify alternative cleanup remedies. The investigation was completed in late
1992. A ROD was signed in September of 1992 calling for solidification/stabilization of
contaminated soils, a clay cap, a slurry wall to surround the site, and investigation of deep
groundwater conditions.
Site Facts: Under a Unilateral Administrative Order, the potentially responsible parties
were required to erect a fence and monitor the air. All air monitoring requirements under the
Order have not been completed to date. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers under an
interagency agreement with U.S. EPA is conducting the RD at the site.
Environmental Progress
Interim actions to control dust disturbance and restrict area access have reduced the potential
for exposure to contaminated materials. EPA is in the process of completing the design of
the final remedy. The Design is scheduled for completion in 1994.
Site Repository
Kent County Public Library, Walker Branch, 1331 Walker Village Drive, Walker, MI 49504
Walker City Hall, 4243 Remembrance Dr., Walker, MI 49504
May 1994 H. BROWN CO., INC.
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HEDBLUM
INDUSTRIES
MICHIGAN
EPA ID# MID980794408
EPA REGION 5
losco County
Near Oscoda
Site Description
The Hedblum Industries site is situated on 10 acres in a mixed-use, industrial, and residential
area near Oscoda. From 1958 through 1985, the site was leased to a series of industrial firms
that manufactured automobile parts. The Hedblum Industries site first came to the attention
of the Michigan Department of Natural Resources (MDNR) Water Quality Division during a
routine inspection of the facility in 1972. At that time, Thompson Industries was engaged in
the assembly of anti-rattling devices for the automotive industry. Cooling and rinse waters
were discharged from the plant directly onto the ground. The MDNR received a complaint
from a resident near the plant regarding a contaminated well in 1973. During another
inspection, the MDNR was informed that every 2 weeks from 1968 to 1972, Thompson had
dumped approximately 40 gallons of trichloroethylene (TCE) from a degreaser onto the
ground. The State estimates that 4,000 gallons of TCE were dumped over this 4-year period.
Samples from several residential wells indicated that two of them were contaminated with
TCE. As a result, the State recommended that local residents not use their wells. The
affected residents replaced their contaminated wells with deeper ones in an attempt to tap an
uncontaminated water supply. Two more wells that were found to be contaminated in the Au
Sable Heights area in 1975 were replaced with deeper ones. In 1977, the local health
department received a complaint about a strong odor from one of the replacement wells, and
sampling indicated that the well also had become contaminated with TCE. By 1978, Oscoda
had extended water lines into the Au Sable Heights subdivision and began providing an
alternate water supply to the subdivision. Some property owners in the subdivision elected not
to be connected to the Oscoda water system. The Oscoda County Health Department
continued to assess conditions at the site and sampled liquids contained in an underground
storage tank near the northeastern side of the site in 1980. In 1981, the State installed seven
monitoring wells, determined that the groundwater flow beneath the site was to the
northeast, and confirmed solvent contamination. In 1985, the Hedblum Industries property
was purchased by Aircraft Tool Supply, which currently produces aircraft parts at the site.
The population of the area is approximately 13,700. The closest residence is about 350 feet
from the site. An industrial park is located less than a mile north of the site. Most of the
population of the towns of Oscoda and Au Sable live within a 3-mile radius of the site.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/30/82
Final Date: 09/08/83
May 1994
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Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater and soil are contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs),
including TCE. Surface waters of the bayou northeast of the Au Sable Heights
subdivision are contaminated with VOCs, including TCE and vinyl chloride.
Residents of Au Sable Heights who use private wells may be exposed to
contaminants when drinking or using groundwater. Sampling of residential wells in
1990 found no VOC contaminants above detection limits. Since groundwater flow
from the site is to the northeast in the direction of the bayou, area residents who
fish there may be exposed to site-related contaminants when coming into direct
contact with surface water and sediments. Contaminants could migrate into the Au
Sable River through sediments and surface waters of the bayou and a creek that
feeds into the river.
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in a long-term remedial phase directed at cleanup of the entire
site.
Response Action Status
Entire Site: After a careful evaluation of several alternatives, the EPA chose the
following methods to address site contamination in 1989: extraction and treatment
of contaminated groundwater; monitoring of groundwater in the Au Sable
Heights subdivision during groundwater treatment; abandonment of six groundwater
monitoring wells; and collection and analysis of on-site soil samples. A potentially responsible
party began designing the groundwater treatment system in 1990. The design of the cleanup
technologies was completed in 1992. The construction of the groundwater cleanup system
was completed in 1992. Groundwater remediation is currently undergoing. It is expected
that cleanup standards will be met by 1998. The additional soil sample determined that there
is no need for soil remediation.
Environmental Progress
The EPA has selected the technologies for the cleanup of the Hedblum Industries site, and
the potentially responsible parties are currently implementing treatment methods. While
these activities are taking place, the EPA has determined that the site poses no immediate
danger to the surrounding communities or the environment.
Site Repository
Oscoda Public Library, 110 South State Street, Oscoda, MI 48750
May 1994 HEDBLUM INDUSTRIES
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HI-MILL
MANUFACTU
COMPANY
MICHIGAN
EPA ID#MID005341714
Site Description
EPA REGION 5
Oakland County
Highland Township
The Hi-Mill Manufacturing site is located on 4 1/2 acres in a sparsely populated area in
Highland Township. The Hi-Mill Manufacturing Company began making tubular aluminum,
brass, and copper parts in 1946. Operations at Hi-Mill consisted of two main processes:
anodizing, a process used to brighten metals, and degreasing, a process to clean them. Metals
were bathed in tanks containing acids that periodically were emptied into a clay-lined lagoon.
The Michigan Department of Natural Resources (MDNR) received complaints from Hi-Mill
employees of the potential contamination of the plant's drinking water supply in 1972, and
subsequent sampling of on-site wells and an adjacent marsh detected contamination from
heavy metals. In 1976, Hi-Mill built a second, smaller lagoon south of the original lagoon to
contain overflow. On two separate occasions in 1976 and 1977, the big lagoon overflowed
into the marsh bordering the site. Hi-Mill applied for a National Pollutant Discharge
Elimination System Permit (NPDES) to cover such overflows. The EPA did not concur with a
permit being issued to Hi-Mill by the State. As a result, the MDNR ordered the company to
stop discharging untreated wastewaters into the lagoon and requested that Hi-Mill design a
wastewater recycling program. Although the firm implemented the recycling system in 1981,
the already contaminated lagoons remained a problem. In an attempt to clean up the big
lagoon, liquid was evaporated in the lagoon using a spray evaporation technique. Particles
were carried by the wind and deposited downwind of the plant onto State land around
Waterbury Lake. The MDNR ordered Hi-Mill to stop this practice in 1983. Hi-Mill then
cleaned up the big lagoon by excavating and backfilling. The immediate area surrounding the
site is sparsely populated and rural. The nearest homes are located approximately 2,000 feet
southeast of the site, along Waterbury Road. Approximately 13,600 people obtain drinking
water from private wells within 3 miles of the site.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Final Date: 02/21/90
May 1994
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Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater in the shallow groundwater unit below the Hi-Mill property and
Highland Road is contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including
trichlorethylene (TCE), 1,2-dichloroethylene (DCE), and vinyl chloride (VC).
surface and subsurface on-site soil is contaminate with organic and inorganic
compounds. Sediment and surface water in Waterbury Lake and Target Pond
does not appear to be adversely impacted by inorganics. There is no health risk to
current workers or future residents from exposure to site soils. Because there is
not use or potential for use of groundwater from the shallow groundwater unit
there is no health risk to current workers or future residents form exposure to
contaminated groundwater.
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: Hi-Mill, under MDNR supervision, removed 142 cubic
yards of contaminated soil, 34,400 gallons of contaminated sludge, and 63,300
gallons of contaminated water from the big lagoon. Hi-Mill filled in the lagoon
with sand and clay. A new well was installed on site in 1989 to provide Hi-Mill employees
with safe drinking water. Before the new well was hooked .up, Hi-Mill provided its employees
with bottled water.
Entire Site: The Hi-Mill Manufacturing Company, under monitoring by the EPA
and the MDNR, conducted intensive study between 1989 and 1992 to determine
the nature and extent of contamination at the site. Based on the results of this
study, a "No Action with Groundwater Monitoring and Institutional Controls" remedy was
selected by EPA on September 28, 1993.
Site Facts: A Consent Order was signed in 1988 between Hi-Mill and the EPA, requiring
the company to conduct a study of site contamination.
May 1994 HI-MILL MANUFACTURING COMPANY
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Environmental Progress
The initial cleanup performed by the Hi-Mill Manufacturing Company helped to reduce the
spread of contamination and the possibility of direct contact with hazardous materials at the
site while studies were being conducted to determine the most appropriate final cleanup
methods for the site. Now that the final remedy has been selected, the site is the Remedial
Design/Remedial Action (RD/RA) phase.
Site Repository
Highland Township Library, 205 West Livingston Street, Highland, MI 48031
HI-MILL MANUFACTURING COMPANY
May 1994
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IONIA CITY
MICHIGAN
EPA ID# MID980794416
EPA REGION 5
Ionia County
Ionia
Site Description
The Ionia City Landfill site is a former landfill covering 20 acres in Ionia. From the 1930s
until it closed in 1969, the City owned and operated the site for the disposal of municipal
wastes. Although closed, wastes continued to be periodically disposed of at the site through
the early 1970s. A portion of the site later became a recreational area. In 1981, citizen
concerns led to an investigation that discovered drums, both buried and on the surface of the
landfill. Some drums were in the flood plain of the Grand River. An unknown number of
drums are buried in an area approximately 1/3 acre in size, located in the north central
portion of the site. In 1981, the State excavated about 100 drums, many containing industrial
liquids and some leaking. The City placed snow fences around the excavated drums.
Approximately 6,000 people live within 1 mile of the site, and the nearest residence is about
50 feet away. The municipal well field is about 1 mile northwest of the site. A recreational
park is located across the street from the landfill, and a tributary to the Grand River forms
the eastern boundary of the site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/30/82
Final Date: 09/08/83
Threats and Contaminants
Heavy metals, including chromium, barium, and lead, were found in soil.
Groundwater is contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as
vinyl chloride and the heavy metal chromium. People who come into direct contact
with or accidentally ingest contaminated groundwater or soil may be at risk. The
contamination at the site may harm wildlife living in or around the area.
May 1994
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the sources of contamination at the site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1985, the parties potentially responsible for site
contamination constructed a security fence around the site, removed exposed
surface drums, and posted warning signs. A partial clay covering was installed to
prevent rainwater from coming into contact with buried wastes and to prevent contaminants
from migrating off the site.
Source Control: In 1989, the EPA selected a remedy to clean up the site using
in-situ vitrification (ISV). ISV melts the waste material and contaminated soils
with an electric current to destroy, remove, or permanently immobilize hazardous
substances. The potentially responsible parties currently are designing the technical
specifications for the ISV to meet performance criteria established by the EPA. Testing of
the design technology is scheduled for completion in 1993.
Site Facts: The EPA expects to initiate an additional cleanup phase at the Ionia City
Landfill to address cleanup of contaminated groundwater.
Environmental Progress
By constructing a security fence to restrict access to the Ionia City Landfill site, removing the
exposed contaminated drums, and installing a clay cover to prevent contaminant migration,
the parties potentially responsible for site contamination have reduced the potential for
exposure to hazardous materials. The selected source control remedy for the site currently is
in the design phase, with the cleanup activities scheduled to begin in 1993.
Site Repository
Hall-Fowler Memorial Library, 126 East Main Street, Ionia, MI 48846
May 1994 IONIA CITY LANDFILL
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J & L LANDFI
MICHIGAN
EPA ID# MID980609440
EPA REGION 5
Oakland County
Rochester Hills
Other Names:
Avon Township Landfill
Site Description
The J & L Landfill covers approximately 17 acres in Rochester Hills. From 1951 to 1980,
approximately 12.29 million cubic feet of wastes were buried at the site at depths of up to 25
feet. Wastes included dusts from emission control devices in electric furnaces and alkaline
slag from electric furnaces involved in stainless steel production. The landfill has no liner and
is located in an area consisting of layers of sand and gravel extending between 18 and 35 feet
below the surface. These materials facilitate the movement of contaminants into the
groundwater. The area surrounding the landfill is residential and light industrial. Ten
operating or closed disposal facilities are located in the vicinity. Approximately 1,500 people
live within a mile of the site. Some of these residents depend on shallow wells, and the
nearest drinking water well is less than 600 feet from the landfill. Ladd Drain borders the site
and flows into the Clinton River. The river flows through the Rochester-Utica Recreation
Area less than 1 mile from the landfill.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/10/86
Final Date: 03/31/89
Threats and Contaminants
The emission control waste dusts at the landfill are considered a RCRA-listed
hazardous waste and are contaminated with heavy metals including manganese,
chromium, and nickel. People could be exposed to contaminants in the dusts and
sediments. Groundwater contamination also is a possible significant threat to
people using groundwater for household use because it is very shallow. The
groundwater table comes into direct contact with the wastes in one area of the
site.
May 1994
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in a long-term remedial phase focusing on the cleanup of the
entire site. U.S. EPA divided the J&L site into two areas of concern or "operable units":
OU1 consists of the current landfill cap and the landfill contents, and Operable Unit 2 (OU2)
comprises the ground water. U.S. EPA anticipates that ground water will be addressed in a
future proposed plan, upon completion of a Focused Feasibility Study (FFS) report.
Response Action Status
Entire Site: Many of the residents using the shallow wells as a drinking water
source have received hook-ups to the city water supply. The EPA conducted an
investigation to determine the type and extent of contamination at the landfill in
1991. During this process, the EPA sampled and tested the groundwater, soil, surface water,
and sediments in Ladd Drain. The Record of Decision for Operable Unit 1 is expected to be
signed in July 1994. EPA's recommended cleanup plan is a landfill cap consisting of a 1-foot
clay liner, a flexible membrane liner, a geonet and geotextile fabric drainage layer, and a 42-
inch protective layer. Work for Operable Unit II B expected to begin soon.
Environmental Progress
After listing the J & L Landfill site on the NPL, the EPA determined from preliminary
evaluations that the site does not pose an immediate threat to the surrounding community or
the environment. However, there is a potential risk associated long term groundwater
consumption due to the area-wide groundwater contamination problem. Previous results
indicate that it has not migrated offsite or downgradient.
Site Repository
Rochester Hills Public Library, 500 Olde Towne Rd., Rochester, MI 48307
Rochester Hills City Hall, 1000 Rochester Hills Dr., Rochester Hills, MI 48309
May 1994 J & L LANDFILL
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K & L AVENUE
LANDFILL
MICHIGAN
EPA ID# MID980506463
EPA REGION 5
Kalamazoo County
Oshtemo Township
7 miles west of downtown Kalamazoo
Other Names:
West KL Avenue Landfill
Kalamazoo KL Landfill
Kalamazoo County Landfill
Oshtemo Township Landfill
Site Description
The K & L Avenue Landfill is a former sanitary landfill covering 87 acres in Oshtemo
Township. The site served as a local garbage dump for the Township from the 1960s until
1968, when it became the county sanitary landfill. Approximately 5 million cubic yards of solid
waste were disposed of at the site. The landfill was closed in 1979, after contaminants were
found in residential wells. The County provided bottled water to the affected residences and
covered about 5 acres of the landfill to prevent the migration of contaminants. In 1980, 36
homes were connected to a new water main, and in 1981, ten deeper wells were installed to
replace eight existing contaminated wells. Approximately 11,000 people live within 3 miles of
the landfill. The area surrounding the site is rural residential. The nearest residence is
adjacent to the site. The landfill is about 200 feet southwest of Bonnie Castle Lake and 1
mile east of Dustin Lake. Both bodies of water are used for recreation, including fishing.
Site Responsibility: The site is being addressed through
Federal County, State and Potential
Responsible Parties actions
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/30/82
Final Date: 09/08/83
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater is contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs), phenols,
and heavy metals. Soil in isolated areas shows low levels of polychlorinated
biphenyl (PCB) contamination. All affected water wells have been replaced with
deeper wells that draw from the lower, uncontaminated aquifer or with city water
lines. Therefore, the groundwater presently poses little or no threat to public
health.
May 1994
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: initial actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: In 1980 and 1981, the County of Kalamazoo either installed new
wells for or provided connections to a public water supply to residences affected
by contaminants from the landfill.
Entire site: The EPA completed an investigation to determine the type and
extent of contamination at the site. In 1990, the EPA selected cleanup activities
consisting of continued monitoring of groundwater, surface water, and air; deed
restrictions on the use of the shallow aquifer as a drinking water source; groundwater
extraction and treatment by enhanced bioremediation; discharge of the treated groundwater
back into the aquifer or an infiltration pond; fencing of the site; deed restrictions on the
construction of buildings on the site or adjacent to the site; capping of the landfill; and the
installation and monitoring of gas vents throughout the landfill. The engineering design of this
remedy is expected to begin in 1994.
Environmental Progress
By replacing contaminated water supplies, the County is protecting nearby residents from site-
related contaminants at the K & L Avenue Landfill while the selected cleanup activities are
being planned.
Site Repository
Oshtemo Township Branch of the Kalamazoo County Public Library
7265 West Main Street, Kalamazoo MI
Oshtemo Township Hall, 7275 West Main Street, Kalamazoo MI
May 1994 K & L AVENUE LANDFILL
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KAYDON
CORPORATI
MICHIGAN
EPA ID# MID006016703
Site Description
EPA REGION 5
Muskegon County
Muskegon
The Kaydon Corporation has manufactured various bearings and bearing assemblies at this
40-acre site since 1941. Wastewater and sludges from plant processes were disposed of on site
in seven unlined pits and in the south branch of Ruddiman Creek. In 1968, Kaydon began
separating wastes; now only cooling water is discharged into the creek. Some process wastes
are removed by waste haulers. The remaining waste is placed in lined settling ponds to settle
out the sludge prior to discharge to a sanitary sewer. The pond sludge periodically is removed
to a federally approved facility for disposal. Approximately 5,000 people live within a mile of
the site. The closest residence is 250 feet away. Although 700 people obtain drinking water
from private wells within 3 miles, the majority of the homes in the area are connected to the
municipal water supply, which uses Lake Michigan as its source. Several residences within 1
mile of the site have private wells, but only one residence used a well as a potable water
supply. Ruddiman Creek flows into Muskegon Lake, and eventually, into Lake Michigan. All
of these bodies of water are used for recreational activities.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Final Date: 02/21/90
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater is contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs), cyanide,
and heavy metals such as chromium and lead. Soil and sludge contained heavy
metals including chromium, copper, nickel, lead, and zinc. People who came in
direct contact with or accidentally ingested the contaminated soil, sludges, or
groundwater may have been at risk.
May 1994
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1986, Kaydon conducted a hydrological study to
determine the extent of groundwater contamination, removed 1,500 cubic yards of
contaminated soil and sludge, and disposed of them in a federally approved
facility. The excavated area was backfilled with clean sand, graded to conform to existing land
contours, and seeded.
Entire Site: In 1988, Kaydon installed two purge wells that discharge directly to
the publicly owned treatment works. The wells will continue to operate until
groundwater standards are reached. A performance evaluation currently is being
conducted. In 1993, Kaydon conducted a study of soil contamination at its property. The
investigation showed the presence of elevated levels of metals, SVOCs and VOCs.
Additional studies will be performed to further define the extent of contamination.
Site Facts: Site activities and cleanup actions have been performed voluntarily by the
Kaydon Corporation.
Environmental Progress
The 1986 limited removal of contaminated soil and sludge and the installation of purge wells
have reduced the potential for exposure to contaminated materials at the Kaydon
Corporation site. The operation of the purge wells will continue to ensure the safety of
nearby residents and the environment.
Site Repository
Not established.
May 1994 KAYDON CORPORATION
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KENTWOOD LAMDFILL
MICHIGAN
EPA ID# MID000260281
EPA REGION 5
Kent County
Kentwood
Other Names:
Kent County Landfill
Site Description
The 55-acre Kentwood Landfill site originated as the Paris Township dump in the early 1950s
and lies within a 72-acre parcel of land in Kentwood. Refuse was dumped into ravines at the
landfill and was burned. In 1966, the dump was licensed as a solid waste disposal facility;
however, the license stipulated that the refuse be covered daily and that burning cease. The
site was inspected in late 1966, and surface seeps of leachate, open burning, and disposal of
liquid factory wastes were found. The license was transferred to the City of Kentwood in
1968, and this license stipulated the site be operated as a sanitary landfill or closed. In 1969,
the landfill was being operated as an open dump in violation of State law. In 1971, the Kent
County Department of Public Works (KCDPW) obtained a license, took over operation of
the site, and designed it as an engineered landfill. On many occasions, leachate was observed
seeping from the landfill into nearby Plaster Creek. In 1975, the KCDPW obtained a license
to operate an additional landfill, southeast of the original landfill. The County covered both
the original and the new landfill with clay and sand in 1975 and 1976 to prevent rainwater
from coming into contact with the buried wastes. The entire landfill was closed in 1976.
Approximately 22 residences are in the immediate area near the landfill. Some of these
residences obtain their drinking water supply from the groundwater in the area surrounding
the site. The City of Kentwood obtains drinking water from a municipal water supply system
tapping Lake Michigan.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal, County, and municipal
actions.
NPL USTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/30/82
Final Date: 09/08/83
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater, soil, and leachate are contaminated with volatile organic compounds
(VOCs) and heavy metals such as arsenic and nickel. People who come in direct
contact with or accidentally ingest the contaminated groundwater, soil, or leachate
may suffer adverse health effects. If the leachate continues to seep from the
landfill, soil, surface water, and sediments in Plaster Creek may become
contaminated and pose a threat to public health and the environment.
May 1994
-------
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in a long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the entire
site.
Response Action Status
Entire Site: The City of Kentwood and Kent County, under EPA monitoring,
conducted an investigation to determine the type and extent of contamination at
the landfill. The groundwater, soil, surface water, and sediments of Plaster Creek
were sampled and tested. In early 1991, the EPA selected a remedy, which includes capping
the landfill, incorporating a gas venting and leachate collection system into the cap, extracting
groundwater and treating it at a local wastewater treatment facility, implementing
groundwater use restrictions, and constructing a leachate extraction system. The design phase
for constructing the remedy was completed in March 1994. Final cleanup activities are
scheduled to begin in June 1994.
Site Facts: In 1985, the City of Kentwood and Kent County signed an Administrative Order
on Consent to conduct a study of the site. The Municipalities signed a Consent Decree to
conduct the design of the remedy and the cleanup activities in August 1991.
Environmental Progress
After adding this site to the NPL, the EPA performed preliminary investigations and
determined that no immediate actions were required at the Kentwood Landfill site while
cleanup activities are taking place.
Site Repository
Kent County Library, Kentwood Branch, 4700 Kalamazoo Avenue, Southeast, Kentwood, MI
49508
May 1994
KENTWOOD LANDFILL
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KENT CITY M
HOME PARK
MICHIGAN
EPAID#MID981089915
Site Description
EPA REGION 5
Kent County
Kent City
In 1983, a water supply well at the Kent City Mobile Home Park site was found to be
contaminated with low levels of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). This well was replaced
with a new well 500 feet uphill of the old one and draws on a deeper aquifer. The probable
source of contamination was a buried storage drum approximately 20 feet from the wells.
This drum collected floor drainage from a dry cleaning facility that formerly operated on the
site. In 1984, the drum and it's surrounding soil was excavated and replaced with soil.
Approximately 3,000 people live within 3 miles of the site. The majority of these residents use
groundwater for a drinking water source; there is no municipal water supply in the area.
Site Responsibility: This site was addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL USTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 09/18/85
Final Date: 07/21/87
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater was contaminated with VOCs. New wells have been drilled that tap
the deeper uncontaminated aquifer; therefore, exposure to pollutants through the
groundwater is unlikely. Removal of the source of contamination has resulted in
the natural reduction of the contaminants in groundwater.
Cleanup Approach
May 1994
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This site was addressed through immediate actions.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: The EPA investigated the site in 1989 and did not find
contamination. Monitoring by the Michigan Department of Natural Resources
(MDNR) has found no contamination in monitoring wells, municipal wells, or
private wells in the area. The EPA is taking steps to delete the site from the NPL.
Environmental Progress
After adding this site to the NPL, the EPA performed further inspections of the Kent City
Mobile Home Park site and found no contamination in any of the wells in the surrounding
area. The site no longer poses a threat to public health or the environment.
Site Repository
Not established.
May 1994
KENT CITY MOBILE HOME PARK
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KYSOR INDU
CORPORA!
MICHIGAN
EPAID# MID04368184
Site Description
EPA REGION 5
Wexford County
Cadillac
Other Names:
Kysor Cadillac
The Kysor Industrial Corporation site covers approximately 1/10 acre in the Cadillac
Industrial Park. The park consists of about 40 industrial facilities, two of which are NPL sites,
Kysor and the Northernaire Plating Company. Kysor Industrial manufactures temperature
control systems for the automotive industry, using a process involving stamping and machining
metal parts. Prior to 1979, 665 cubic yards of liquid/sludge wastes containing solvents were
disposed of in unlined earthen pits on the site. Sampling in 1980 found the groundwater to be
contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs). In 1981, Kysor excavated and
removed 700 cubic yards of contaminated soil. The excavated areas were backfilled with clean
material. All residences with affected and potentially affected water supplies were connected
to the municipal water supply. Additional sampling in 1983 showed that the soils still were
contaminated. The second NPL site, Northernaire, also has contaminated soil and
groundwater. The groundwater plumes have intermingled, so that the groundwater under
both sites is contaminated with elements from Northernaire and Kysor. Approximately 10,800
people live within 3 miles of the site; about 5,000 live within a mile. The Cadillac area
municipal well field is 2,500 feet northeast of the facility. Lake Cadillac is 3,500 feet away and
the Clam River is within 5,000 feet. Both of these bodies of water are used for recreational
activities, including fishing.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL USTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 09/18/85
Final Date: 10/04/89
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater contains VOCs including trichloroethylene (TCE), chloroform,
toluene, and ethyl benzene, as well as hexavalent chromium. Soil is contaminated
with VOCs, heavy metals, and phenol. People may be exposed to pollutants by
accidentally ingesting or coming into direct contact with contaminated groundwater
or soil.
May 1994
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in a long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the entire
site.
Response Action Status
Entire Site: Because the groundwater has intermingled, the cleanup addresses
both the Kysor and Northernaire sites. In 1989, the EPA selected a remedy to
clean the sites by constructing a groundwater extraction and treatment system.
This system will consist of a number of extraction wells strategically located to intercept the
contaminated groundwater. An underground piping system will connect the extraction wells
and transport the extracted groundwater to the treatment facility, where it will be treated by
air stripping. The contaminants will be removed from the water by forcing air through it,
causing the compounds to evaporate. The groundwater also will be treated with a carbon
adsorption treatment system to remove hexavalent chromium. The treated groundwater will
be discharged into the Clam River. In addition, a vapor extraction system will be installed to
treat contaminated soils. The contaminants will be extracted by blowing clean air on the soil,
which forces the contaminants out into a gas. The gases are further treated before release
into the atmosphere. A fence will be constructed around the Kysor site to prevent
trespassing. Appropriate action also will be taken to ensure that current or future landowners
do not use the contaminated groundwater aquifers as a source of drinking water. The parties
potentially responsible for the site contamination have completed a pilot test of the selected
remedies and are designing the technical specifications for the cleanup at the site under EPA
monitoring. After the completion of the design phase, scheduled for 1994, the planned
cleanup activities will begin.
Environmental Progress
After adding the site to the NPL, the EPA performed preliminary investigations and
determined that no immediate actions were required at the Kysor Industrial Corporation site
while it awaits final cleanup.
Site Repository
Cadillac-Westford Library, 411 South Lake Street, Cadillac, MI 49601
May 1994 KYSOR INDUSTRIAL CORPORATION
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LIQUID DIS
INC.
MICHIGAN
EPA ID# MID067340711
EPA REGION 5
Macomb County
Shelby Township
Site Description
The Liquid Disposal, Inc. (LDI) site covers approximately 7 acres in Shelby Township
between Utica and Rochester. Prior to 1964, the LDI site area was used as a sand and gravel
pit. Landfilling began in 1964. LDI began commercial incinerator operations at the site in
1968. The incinerators were designed for handling volatiles and semi-volatiles, including paint
thinners, sludges, contaminated oils and greases, and any other liquid industrial wastes that
did not contain chromium or cyanide. However, LDI did accept wastes containing these
contaminants. Wastes were stored in a lagoon, underground and aboveground tanks, and
numerous types of drums before incineration. A scrubber lagoon was used for incineration
ash and stormwater runoff. LDI operated for 14 years and was cited for numerous violations,
including fires and improper storage. LDI ceased operations and was permanently closed in
1982 after two people were killed in an industrial accident. Currently, old incinerator parts,
emptied tanks, wooden pallets, miscellaneous containers, and other debris remain on site. The
lagoons' contents have been removed or stabilized, and virtually all storage tanks and
containers have been removed. A crude leachate collection system along the eastern side of
the site is operational, with a sump pump circulating accumulated liquids back into the
incinerator pit. The incinerator pit also continues to collect water from surface drainage and
subsurface seepage. The Rochester-Utica State Recreational Area is adjacent to LDI and the
G & H Landfill NPL site is about a mile away. The site is surrounded by wetlands, the
Clinton River, and the Shadbush Tract Nature Study Area. Approximately 54,000 people
reside in the rural area within 3 miles of the site. The local drinking water for 3,500 people
comes from groundwater sources. About 3,200 people live within a mile of the site, with the
nearest residence situated about 1,300 feet away.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL USTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 07/16/82
Final Date: 09/08/83
May 1994
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Threats and Contaminants
2GJ
The groundwater is contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and
heavy metals. The soil contains VOCs, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs),
pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and heavy metals. Stored
contaminants are a fire or explosion hazard. Direct contact with or accidental
ingestion of contaminated groundwater, soil, or leachate could pose a health threat
as well.
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: The EPA responded to an accidental spill of hazardous
waste chemicals in 1982 by shutting off equipment and performing initial cleanup
actions. In 1982, heavy rains caused the lagoon level to rise above the liner,
forcing liquid to seep through the wall and threatening the stability of the dike that had been
built around it. The EPA removed the PCB-contaminated soils outside the facility and
secured them in another facility, lowered the lagoon level 2 feet from the top of the liner,
and removed the oily layer. The waste was stored on site. Liquid was pumped from the
incinerator pit, and the clay barrier preventing dike seepage from reaching the Clinton River
was repaired. The dikes were regraded and repaired, and the tanks of flammable chemicals
were secured. In 1983, the EPA drained the lagoons, removed sludge, capped the lagoons,
and overpacked the drums. The waste oil lagoon caught fire during the solidification process,
and as a result, 500 nearby residents were evacuated. Approximately 1,800,000 gallons of
liquid and 2,800 cubic yards of sludges were removed from the waste oil lagoons. The EPA
removed all the ash piles and backfilled and capped the waste oil lagoon. Eleven 15-gallon
packs of acids and isocyanate also were disposed of. In 1985, the EPA removed 100,000
gallons of flammable liquids. All the underground tanks were uncovered, opened, and
cleaned. Approximately 200 drums were incinerated or landfilled in early 1986. Several
hundred sample jars of hazardous material were removed in 1990.
May 1994 UQUID DISPOSAL, INC.
-------
Entire Site: Based on the results of the site investigation by the Michigan
Department of Natural Resources (MDNR), the EPA selected the following
methods for long-term cleanup at the site: on-site disposal of existing debris and
equipment; on-site solidification and fixation of soil and waste; extraction and treatment of
groundwater using air stripping and ion exchange, with discharge of the treated groundwater
into the Clinton River; and construction of a slurry wall and impermeable cap containment
system. Cleanup activies began in December 1992 and are currently in progress, off-site
excavation has been completed and solidification of soils on-site has begun. All cleanup
actions are expected to be completed by 1995. Although the original remedy decision called
for extraction wells to be installed just to the north and northwest of the site, this component
of the remedy is currently under review by U.S. EPA and MDNR. A reent investigation of
this off site groundwater shows drastically reduced levels or absence of many o the
contaminants found in earlier investigations. Since construction of the slurry wall and
impermeable cap will eliminate the possibility of any future off site migration of contaminants,
U.S. EPA and MDNR are re-evaluating the necessity of installing off site contaminants wells.
Once the Agencies have reached a final opinion on this issue, the public will be informed and
given a chance to commen.
Site Facts: In February 1982, the MDNR rejected LDI's application for a toxic waste
handling permit. In April 1982, LDI was forced into involuntary bankruptcy. The company
closed permanently in May 1982.
Environmental Progress
Removal of contaminated materials and repair of dikes on the LDI site, along with the
fencing around the site, have reduced the potential for contact with hazardous materials
while final site cleanup activities continue.
Site Repository
Shelby Township Library, 51680 Van Dyke Avenue, Utica, MI 48087
LIQUID DISPOSAL, INC. May 1994
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MASON COU
LANDFILL
MICHIGAN
EPA ID# MID980794465
Site Description
EPA REGION 5
Mason County
Pere Marquette Township
3 miles south of Lundington
The Mason County Landfill site comprises 10 acres of an 18-acre parcel of land and is
located 3 miles south of the town of Lundington in Pere Marquette Township. The landfill
was operated by Acme Disposal for Mason County from 1972 through 1978 and accepted
general refuse, garbage, industrial refuse, liquids, sludges, and industrial wastes. Acme
Disposal was ordered to install additional groundwater wells on the site in 1978. Mason
County covered the landfill with 2 feet of clay in 1979. Afterward, the site and adjacent land
eroded and may have polluted groundwater and nearby Iris Creek. Two years after the
landfill ceased to operate, nearby residents voiced concerns over water quality in Iris Creek.
As a result, a plan was drafted by the Michigan Department of Natural Resources (MDNR)
and the Mason County Department of Public Works (DPW) to control drainage, vent landfill
gas, and monitor groundwater quality. The landfill is a mile east of Lake Michigan. A wetland
located less than 500 feet from the landfill drains into Babbin Pond, the headwaters of Iris
Creek. The area surrounding the site is primarily rural, with a population of approximately
1,100 people within a 1/2-mile radius of the site who obtain drinking water from private wells.
Twelve residential wells are located within 3 miles of the site.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and County actions.
Threats and Contaminants
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/30/82
Final Date: 09/08/83
m
Air located in the landfill gas vents is contaminated with volatile organic
compounds (VOCs) including vinyl chloride and benzene. Off-site groundwater in
the monitoring wells contains VOCs and heavy metals including sodium and lead.
Sediments are contaminated with arsenic. Soils, including those in the clay cap, are
contaminated with lead and arsenic. Heavy metals are found in Iris Creek.
Trespassers on site could be exposed to health risks through direct contact with
contaminated soils and inhalation of airborne materials. Private wells could be
contaminated by pollutants moving in the groundwater, exposing residents who use
the water to possible adverse health effects. People or wildlife may come in
contact with contaminants that enter surface water and wetlands.
May 1994
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in three stages: immediate actions and two long-term remedial
phases focusing on cleanup of the landfill portion of the site and cleanup of the groundwater.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1983 and 1984, Mason County covered the landfill with
clay, graded the land so that it was terraced, constructed storm drains, installed
two surface units in Babbin Pond to allow air into it, and placed 15 gas vents on
the top of the landfill.
Landfill: The long-term cleanup action chosen by the EPA in 1989 to address the
landfill portion of the site includes: covering the landfill with soil and clay
according to Federal hazardous waste management regulations; constructing a
fence around the perimeter of the site; placing deed restrictions on and near the site to
prohibit the use of shallow groundwater; and continuing monitoring groundwater to aid in the
long-term cleanup action for the groundwater and to assess the effectiveness of the clay and
soil cover. Construction of the clay/soil cap was completed in mid-1991.
Groundwater: The EPA conducted an investigation into the nature and extent of
groundwater contamination and the most effective methods of treatment. This
study is expected to be completed in 1995, at which time cleanup alternatives will
be recommended. In September 1993, a no action Record of Decision was written for the
groundwater at the site. Yearly sampling will be performed at the site until it is determined
to be clean.
Site Facts: In 1978, Acme was ordered by the State to install additional monitoring wells,
analyze water samples, and survey the site. A Consent Order subsequently was issued to
cover the items that remained to be completed when Acme ceased to operate at the site in
1978. In 1981 and 1982, residents filed two suits against the County and Acme. The suits
were settled when Mason County agreed to purchase both properties.
Environmental Progress
Covering the landfill, grading the land, constructing storm drains, and venting Babbin Pond
and the landfill have reduced the potential for exposure to contaminants at the Mason
County Landfill site. Yearly monitoring will be performed until the site is determined to be
clean.
Site Repository
Ludington Public Library, 217 East Ludington Street. Ludington, MI 49431
May 1994 MASON COUNTY LANDFILL
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MCGRAW EDIS
CORP.
MICHIGAN
EPA ID# MID005339675
EPA REGION 5
Calhoun County
Albion
Other Names:
McGraw-Edlson Air Comfort Division
Site Description
The McGraw Edison Corp. site covers 24 acres in Albion. The company manufactured air
conditioners, humidifiers, and similar equipment from 1958 to 1980. From 1970 to 1980,
15,000 gallons of stillbottoms (an oil waste) contaminated with trichloroethylene (TCE) were
spread on the site's roads to control dust. As a result, TCE has been found in two on-site
wells and in 45 nearby residential wells. The Albion municipal wells also show TCE
contamination. Extensive soil contamination also was detected. The plant closed in 1980, and
the site is completely restricted. McGraw Edison was sold to Cooper Industries in 1985.
Approximately 11,000 people reside within 3 miles of the site. Residents in the area depend
on both municipal wells and private wells for drinking water. The Kalamazoo River is located
one half mile from the site, receives discharge from groundwater purge wells, and is used for
recreational activities such as swimming and fishing.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/30/82
Final Date: 09/08/83
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater, stream sediments, surface water, and soils are contaminated with
TCE. People may be exposed to site-related contaminants if they breathe airborne
materials or ingest or come in direct contact with polluted groundwater, surface
water, soils, or stream sediments. Air quality controls have been established to
eliminate the potential for air contamination.
May 1994
-------
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in three stages: immediate actions and two long-term remedial
phases focusing on cleanup of the entire site and cleanup of the soil.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: Affected residences were supplied with bottled water and
later were connected to the municipal water supply by McGraw Edison. The
potentially responsible party removed and disposed of approximately 18,980 cubic
yards of contaminated soils in an approved hazardous waste facility.
Entire Site: A deep aquifer groundwater recovery well has been operating on site
since 1984. Contaminated groundwater is being treated with an air stripper. The
groundwater treatment system for the shallow aquifer consists of 28 purge wells
and a carbon adsorption tank. The wells have been constructed and the system is operational.
Treated groundwater is being discharged, under a Federal permit, into the Kalamazoo River.
Groundwater monitoring began in 1990 and will last for 40 years. More than 3.95 billion
gallons of groundwater have been purged and treated.
Soil: Areas of soil containing greater than 10 parts per billion of TCE, which still
remain on site, will be cleaned up during this long-term soil phase. The selected
remedy for soil cleanup is flushing contaminants from the soil into the shallow
aquifer so contaminants can be recovered in the groundwater purge system. The system,
including the temporary receiving ponds, has been constructed and has been granted a
Groundwater Discharge Permit Exemption May 13, 1991.
Site Facts: The cleanup of this site falls under the 1984 Consent Decree signed with
McGraw Edison. Since the facility's purchase by Cooper Industries, Cooper has re-evaluated
and completed the site studies and has assumed responsibility for the site cleanup.
Environmental Progress
By supplying affected residences with a safe drinking water supply and removing much of the
contaminated soil, the potentially responsible party has reduced the potential for direct
exposure to hazardous materials at the McGraw Edison Corp. site. The final cleanup of the
soil contamination began during 1991 after receipt of the groundwater permit exemption.
Groundwater contamination currently is being treated and monitored.
Site Repository
Not established.
May 1994 MCGRAW EDISON CORP.
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METAL WORK
SHOP
MICHIGAN
EPA ID# MID980992952
EPA REGION 5
Benzie County
Lake Ann
Site Description
The Metal Working Shop site covers approximately 2 1/2 acres on a hill between Lake View
and Lake Ann. From 1974 to 1977, the owner of the property finished metals in the shop
using iron phosphate. Two types of rinse waters were generated in an oxidizing phase of the
operation: an acidic rinse (dilute hydrochloric acid), containing iron phosphate, and a caustic
rinse (sodium hydroxide). From 1975 to 1977, effluents from these rinses were mixed to
neutralize them and then dumped onto the ground. According to the owner, 400 gallons per
day were disposed of for 8 to 10 days a month. In 1983, Lake Ann Manufacturing took over
the site. Sampling by the State detected heavy metal salts in the rinses. Groundwater in the
area occurs at shallow depths, and wells draw from the very permeable sand and gravel drift
aquifer. The area residents depend on private wells for drinking water. Approximately 1,000
people reside within 3 miles of the site, and the nearest residence is 600 feet away. Many
other lakes are within 3 miles of the site.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 01/22/87
Final Date: 02/21/90
Threats and Contaminants
No contamination above background levels were detected in ground water and soil.
Cleanup Approach
Intensive investigations of site conditions showed that the site does not pose a
threat to people or the environment.
Response Action Status
Entire Site: In 1992, the EPA completed an investigation to determine
the nature and extent of contamination, including sampling of
monitoring wells, residential wells, surface and subsurface soils, and
May 1994
-------
lakes. The investigation results showed that the concentration of contaminants at
the site does not pose a threat to people or the environment. Therefore, EPA
determined that no cleanup actions are necessary and deleted the site from the
NPL in December 1992.
Environmental Progress
The EPA has determined that the site does not pose a threat to the surrounding
communities or the environment; therefore, no cleanup actions are required at the
Metal Working Shop site.
Site Repository
Almira Township Office, 7276 Sweet Lake Road, Lake Ann, MI 49650
May 1994
METAL WORKING SHOP
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METAMORA
MICHIGAN
EPA ID# MID980506562
EPA REGION 5
Lapeer County
1/2 mile northeast of Metamora
Site Description
The Metamora Landfill site consists of 25 acres on an 160-acre parcel of land located 1/2
mile northeast of Metamora and 35 miles southeast of Flint. The landfill operated from 1955
to 1980, first as a gravel mine and then as a privately owned, unregulated dump. The
amounts of wastes disposed of at the site are unknown. However, it is likely that the previous
owner disposed of waste and drums in unlined pits, which formerly were used for gravel
mining or borrow areas. Fires occurred at the site in 1972 and 1979. About eight drums were
unearthed in Area 1 of the site in 1981. A study conducted by the State in 1982 concluded
that as many as 35,000 drums, some containing liquid waste, could be buried on site in five
disposal areas. Two areas on site have been confirmed to contain approximately 28,000
drums. The area surrounding the site is rural. The estimated population of Metamora is 595.
Sixteen residences are located 500 to 1,000 feet to the north of the site and are served by
private wells.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Potentially Responsible Parties with
State and Federal oversight.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 09/08/83
Final Date: 09/21/84
Threats and Contaminants
Buried waste materials and soils contain volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and
polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). On-site groundwater is contaminated with VOCs
and heavy metals including arsenic. Because VOCs found in on-site groundwater
move readily and because of the potential for additional leakage from buried waste
materials, private wells in the shallow aquifer could be affected. These wells are
located within 1,000 feet downgradient of the site; however, there is no evidence
to suggest that on-site groundwater contamination has migrated off site into
private drinking water wells.
May 1994
-------
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in three long-term remedial phases focusing on source control,
groundwater cleanup, and cleanup of the subsurface soils on the site.
Response Action Status
Source Control: The cleanup method selected by the State and the EPA in 1986
involves excavating and incinerating approximately 28,000 drums in Areas 1 and 4.
These actions are expected to be completed by late 1994.
Groundwater: The State, with EPA assistance, conducted an investigation into
the nature and extent of contamination in the groundwater and the landfill area.
This study was completed, and a remedy was selected in 1990. The selected
remedy entails groundwater extracting and treatment via chemical precipitation and air
stripping and capping of the landfill. A passive gas collection and flaring system also will be
installed. Design of the remedy began in 1993 and is expected to be completed in late 1995,
at which time final cleanup activities will begin.
Soil: A potentially responsible party is conducting a study into the nature and
extent of subsurface soil contamination. During this study, the two drum burial
areas on the site will be investigated and soil borings will be taken. Once the
investigation is completed, expected in 1995, a final cleanup remedy will be selected.
Site Facts: The EPA sent Special Notice letters to potentially responsible parties in
November 1990.
Environmental Progress
The ongoing removal and incineration of drums have reduced the potential for exposure to
hazardous material at the Metamora Landfill site while further investigations to determine
the most appropriate remedies for soil contamination are underway, and the design of the
groundwater remedy is being conducted.
Site Repository
Lapeer County Library, Metamora Branch, 4024 Oak Street, Metamora, MI 48455 and
Margerite de Angeli Library, 921 West Nepessing St., Lapeer, MI 48446
May 1994 METAMORA LANDFILL
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MICHIGAN DISPOSAL
SERVICE (C
STREET LAN,DEILL)
MICHIGAN
EPA ID# MID000775957
EPA REGION 5
Kalamazoo County
Kalamazoo
Other Names:
)lspose-O-Waste and Transfer Station
Cork Street Landfill
Site Description
The Michigan Disposal Service (Cork Street Landfill) site is a 68-acre landfill located in a
predominantly industrial and commercial area of Kalamazoo. From 1925 to 1961, the site was
operated as a waste disposal facility. In 1961, the City of Kalamazoo purchased the property
and used it for municipal waste disposal until 1968. Prior to 1968, waste was burned in an on-
site incinerator, and the ash was buried in the landfill. Since most waste disposal occurred
prior to the development of local and State regulations, little is known about the exact types
and amounts of wastes buried in the landfill. The City continued to use the site until 1981,
when Dispose-O-Waste, now Michigan Disposal Service, Inc., purchased the facility. Michigan
Disposal Service, Inc. received a permit from the State of Michigan to operate the site as a
Type III landfill and began operations in 1983. Type III facilities can dispose of wastes such as
construction debris, demolition materials, and paper-mill waste and fly ash. The population
within a 3-mile radius of the site is approximately 50,000 people. The closest residence is 1/2
mile from the site. There are approximately 30 private water wells and two municipal water
wells within 2 miles of the landfill. The wells provide water for fire protection and are on
stand-by status as drinking water sources. Davis Creek flows along a portion of the eastern
site boundary and also flows into the Kalamazoo River, which is used for recreational
purposes.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 02/21/90
Threats and Contaminants
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including toluene, xylene, and benzene, and
the heavy metals arsenic and lead were detected in on-site monitoring wells. A
creek adjacent to the site showed elevated levels of lead and iron. Davis Creek
and the Kalamazoo River may be threatened by site contaminants. Potential
health risks exist for individuals who accidentally ingest the contaminated
groundwater or surface water.
May 1994
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: interim actions and a long-term remedial phase
directed at cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Interim Actions: The company placed a 2-foot thick clay cap on 10 acres of the
site and installed monitoring wells and a leachate collection system.
Entire Site: Under the EPA's monitoring, the potentially responsible parties
initiated an investigation in 1987 to determine the nature and extent of
contamination at the site and recommend final cleanup activities. The investigation
has included extensive sampling, an ecological survey, installation of five additional monitoring
wells, and a .pump test on the municipal well stations near the site to determine if local water
supplies were affected by the contamination on site. The study was completed in September
1991, at which time the final cleanup remedy was selected. The remedy includes placing a
solid waste cap on the entire site and pumping and treating the contaminated groundwater
and discharging it to a publicly-owned treatment facility. The design of the selected remedies
is expected to begin in early 1993.
Site Facts: A Consent Decree was signed by the EPA, the City of Kalamazoo, and
Michigan Disposal Service, Inc. in October 1987. The order required the City and the
company to conduct an investigation of site contamination and additional studies as required
by the EPA.
Environmental Progress
By covering a portion of the landfill and installing a leachate collection system, the potentially
responsible party has reduced the potential for exposure to contaminants on the Michigan
Disposal Service (Cork Street Landfill) site has been reduced while final site cleanup activities
are being planned.
Site Repository
Kalamazoo Public Library, 315 South Rose Street, Kalamazoo, MI 49007
May 1994
MICHIGAN DISPOSAL SERVICE
(CORK STREET LANDFILL)
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MOTOR WHEE
MICHIGAN
EPA ID# MID980702989
EPA REGION 5
Ingham County
Lansing
Site Description
The Motor Wheel, Inc. site is located on the northeastern side of Lansing. This 25-acre site
was used from approximately 1938 until 1978 for the disposal of paints, solvents, and other
wastes generated in the manufacture of wheels for the automotive industry. Wastes were
placed directly on the ground, disposed of in containers, and buried. A clay cap was placed
over a portion of the site in the 1970s. The property was sold to MSV Associates in late
1978 for the purpose of mining sand and gravel. During mining activities, the clay cap was
broken at least once, exposing buried tanks and drums. The exposed material was analyzed
and sent to a local licensed landfill. Paint sludges were removed from a pit, placed in two
10,000-gallon steel tanks, and reburied on the site. The nearest residences to the site are
located approximately 1/4 mile to the west. The population within 1/2 mile of the site is 4,725.
Located to the northwest of the site are the Granger and Paulson Street disposal areas, and
to the south, the W.R. Grace property. More than a dozen schools and as many churches,
numerous recreational facilities, a hospital, nine parks, many small businesses, and an armory
are located within a mile of the site. Approximately 128 municipal wells serve 147,000 people
in Lansing.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 06/10/86
Threats and Contaminants
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including toluene and pentachlorophenol
(PCP) were detected in a shallow aquifer. The site is easily accessible to the public,
and the deep pits created by sand and gravel mining activities present a significant
physical hazard. Ponds also exist in the bottom of the pits. Potential health risks
exist for individuals who drink the contaminated groundwater.
May 1994
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1982, before the site was listed on the NPL, two 10,000-
gallon tanks, an additional tank, and some accompanying soil were removed from
the site. Drums were removed and disposed of off-site in 1988. Additional drums
and containers were removed in 1993.
Entire Site: Under monitoring by the EPA and the Michigan Department of
Natural Resources (MDNR), the potentially responsible parties initiated an
investigation of the site in 1987. The investigation was completed in 1991 and a
remedy was selected for cleanup. Contaminated groundwater will be extracted and treated
and a cap will be constructed and placed over the waste mass. Design of the remedy is
underway.
Site Facts: In October 1987, under the terms of an Administrative Order on Consent,
Motor Wheel, Goodyear, and W.R. Grace agreed to conduct an investigation of the site and
to recommend alternative cleanup remedies. Design is being conducted under an
Administrative Order on Consent signed May 1993. A Consent Decree was lodged in
February 1994 for implementation of the remedy and for recovery of costs.
Environmental Progress
The removal of tanks and contaminated soil reduced the potential for exposure to hazardous
waste at the Motor Wheel, Inc. site. The EPA has determined that no other immediate
actions are required while cleanup activities are being planned.
Site Repository
Lansing Public Library, 401 S. Capitol Avenue, Reference Section-Second Floor,
Lansing, MI 48933
May 1994 MOTOR WHEEL, INC.
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MUSKEGON
CHEMICAL
MICHIGAN
EPAID# MID072569510
Site Description
EPA REGION 5
Muskegon County
Whitehall
Other Names:
Koch Chemical
The Muskegon Chemical Company (MCC) site is used to produce a variety of specialty
chemicals for pharmaceutical and other industries on 12 acres in Whitehall. The company
operated from 1975 to 1986, when it sold the business to the Koch Chemical Company. In
1981, chemicals were identified in on-site wells. A sump pump and an outside holding tank,
both badly corroded, were the potential sources. The groundwater seeped into Mill Pond
Creek downgradient of the site. Over a period of 3 years, MCC installed 40 monitoring wells
along the plume of contamination. Monitoring indicated that groundwater was contaminated.
An 8,000-gallon pressurized tank of heptane and other chemical holding tanks are located on
the northern side of the site. The surrounding area is zoned commercial, but at present is
primarily residential. Approximately 6,400 people obtain drinking water from public and
private wells within 3 miles of the site. A private well is 1,250 feet north of the chemical
company. Surface water within 3 miles downstream of the site is used for recreational
activities. Mill Pond and Mill Pond Creek are 2,500 feet from the site, and White Lake is
7,000 feet away.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Final Date: 02/21/90
Threats and Contaminants
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including xylenes entered the groundwater
through on-site soils. A faulty sump pump circulated contaminants onto the
grounds around the facility, and leaching occurred. Groundwater contaminants
seep onto the banks of Mill Creek and flow directly into Mill Pond or the creek.
Potential health risks exist for individuals who drink the contaminated
groundwater. The municipal water systems draw from the aquifer affected by the
groundwater contaminants; however, they draw from outside the present zone of
contamination.
May 1994
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial action
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1985, MCC installed a system to pump contaminated
groundwater to the surface, treat it by carbon filtration, and discharge the treated
water to the Whitehall Water Treatment Plant.
Entire Site: The potentially responsible parties are conducting an investigation to
reevaluate the groundwater treatment and to develop an effective purge system.
The study also is evaluating soils, particularly underneath the plant, and is
identifying sources of contamination stemming from the plant. The surface water is being
evaluated to ensure that bioaccumulation of contaminants is not occurring. A Record of
Decision was signed in 1993 for an interim response action. This action addresses the
contaminated groundwater plume in the vie The investigation is expected to be completed in
late 1993. A Record of Decision was signed in 1993 for an interim response action. This
action addresses the contaminated groundwater plume in the vicinity of Mill Pond Creek.
The remedy chosen extracts contaminated groundwater removes organic compounds by
carbon adsorption and discharges to the Whitehall area POTW.
Environmental Progress
The pumping and treatment of contaminated groundwater is reducing the potential for
exposure to contaminated water at the Muskegon Chemical Co. site while investigations to
determine final cleanup alternatives for the groundwater, surface water, and the soils are
taking place.
Site Repository
Whitehall City Library, 414 East Spring Street, Whitehall, MI 49461
May 1994 MUSKEGON CHEMICAL CO.
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NORTH BRO
INDUSTRIAL
MICHIGAN
EPA ID# MID005480900
EPA REGION 5
Branch County
North Bronson
Other Names:
Bronson Plating Mfg Co.
Bronson WWTP
Bronson Residents Well
Site Description
The North Bronson Industrial Area (NBIA) site in Bronson consists of two lagoon areas and
a county drain which runs adjacent to the lagooons. Several industries in the North Bronson
area discharged plating and other industrial wastes to seepage lagoons between 1939 and
1949. An industrial sewer system was used to transport plating wastes to both sets of lagoons,
which were owned and maintained by the City of Bronson. In 1949, the lagoons became
overloaded, and leaks of plating wastes were reported. New lagoons were constructed in
1949. In 1970, Bronson Plating purchased the new lagoons from the City of Bronson and
discharged wastes into these lagoons until 1981. The seepage lagoons are no longer used for
waste disposal; however, they still contain an estimated 3,000 to 5,000 cubic yards of
dewatered metal hydroxide sludges. The majority of the City of Bronson is within a 1-mile
radius of the old lagoons at the NBIA site. The area surrounding the site is mixed industrial
and residential, and the area north of the site is primarily rural. The population of the City of
Bronson is approximately 2,270, and the majority of the residents in the area of the site are
connected to the municipal water supply system. An estimated 3,000 people use wells within 3
miles of the site as a source of drinking water. The primary supply wells are located
approximately 5,000 feet east of the site and are screened in the upper aquifer.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and State actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 06/10/86
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater monitoring wells in the area has have shown detectable levels of
trichloroethylene (TCE), dichloroethylene, and vinyl chloride as well as elevated
levels of heavy metals and cyanide. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and metals
such as cadmium have been found in sediment samples downstream of the old
lagoons. Lagoon sludge contains heavy metals including cadmium, chromium, and
lead. Because municipal wells are located upgradient of the site, there is only a
remote chance of site contaminants reaching these wells. Accidental ingestion of or
direct contact with contaminated groundwater, sediment, and sludge could pose a
health threat to people in the area.
May 1994
-------
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two phases: initial actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: Private wells found to be contaminated have been taken out of
service and alternate water supplies have been provided to the affected
residences.
Entire Site: The EPA initiated an investigation in mid-1987 to determine the
nature and extent of contamination at the site caused by the lagoons and to
determine if other possible sources of contamination existed. The field work
completed to date includes extensive sampling of the soils, sediments, and liquids in and near
the lagoons as well as limited sampling in the county drain and sampling of groundwater in
the area of the site. The investigation is was completed in 1993. Alternative cleanup options
to address the lagoons and the drain are being evaluated at this time.
Environmental Progress
Taking contaminated private wells out of service and providing alternate water supplies have
reduced the potential for exposure to site contamination while studies leading to the selection
of final cleanup remedies are being conducted at the North Bronson Industrial Area site.
Site Repository
Branch County Library, Bronson Branch Library, 207 North Matteson Street, Bronson, MI
49028
May 1994 NORTH BRONSON INDUSTRIAL AREA
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NORTHERNA
PLATING
MICHIGAN
EPA ID# MID020883609
Site Description
EPA REGION 5
Wexford County
Cadillac
Norlhcrnairc Plaling began operations on this 13-acrc site in 1971, providing chromium and
nickel- plating finishes to automobile and other metal parts. Problems first surfaced in 1978,
when citizens became concerned over poor drinking water quality from two private wells near
the site. The Stale Health Department found elevated levels of chromium in the water. The
wells were taken out of service, and the City of Cadillac extended water service to the
affected residents. The State requested that Northernaire investigate the well contamination
and resolve issues concerning possible sewer line leaks and waste containment. In 1978, the
City revoked the company's wastcwater discharge permit and plugged the connection to the
City's sewer system. Subsequently, Northernaire stored its wastewater in tanks, which were
removed by truck for off-site disposal. The company ceased operations in 1981, leaving waste
materials and drummed chemicals outside the building. In 1982, the unsecured waste
materials burned two children playing at the unfenced site. The State immediately moved the
drums into the building for safety. The area surrounding the site is primarily industrial, with a
few private residences located in the immediate area. The Kysor Industrial Corp. NPL site is
also located nearby. A mobile home park is approximately 500 feet from the site. Many
private wells surround the facility. A municipal well field is 1/4 mile from the site. For
additional information, please see the separate listing for Kysor Industrial Corp.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 07/16/82
Final Date: 09/08/83
Threats and Contaminants
m
Groundwater is contaminated with heavy metals such as cadmium and chromium.
Soil contained heavy metals. Sediments were contaminated with cadmium,
chromium, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). People who trespassed on the
site and accidentally ingested or came into direct contact with contaminated soil or
sediment may have been exposed to pollutants. Drinking or coming in direct
contact with contaminated groundwatcr may pose a health threat.
May 1994
-------
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in three stages: emergency actions and two long-term remedial
phases focusing on source control and groundwater cleanup.
Response Action Status
Emergency Actions: In 1983, 3,450 gallons of acid, 5,402 gallons of cyanide-
bearing wastes, 160 drums of cyanide wastes, and 5,000 gallons of waste
hypochlorite used to treat cyanide contamination were removed from the site.
Approximately 120 feet of the plating facility's sewer line were also removed. Equipment was
removed from the building, and the building was steam cleaned.
Source Control: In 1985, the EPA selected a remedy to clean up the source of
the contamination, which featured: excavating soils and sewer line sediments and
disposing of them at a Federally approved facility; cleaning the dust and residue
off the floor of the facility; breaking up an area of concrete floor and the drywall in the
building, sampling the soil underneath, and excavating and disposing of it off site as
necessary; and backfilling all excavated areas with clean soil. The State finished all the
cleanup actions in 1989, except disposal of the concrete floor and pad, which was completed
in 1991.
Groundwater: Because the groundwater under this site has intermingled with
another NPL site, the Kysor Industrial Corp., the groundwater cleanup will
address both the Kysor and Northernaire sites. In 1989, the EPA selected a
remedy to clean the sites by constructing a groundwater extraction and treatment system.
This system will consist of a number of extraction wells strategically located to intercept
contaminated groundwater. An underground piping system will interconnect the extraction
wells and transport the extracted groundwater to the treatment facility, where it will be
treated by air stripping. The groundwater also will be treated by a carbon adsorption
treatment system to remove hexavalent chromium. The treated groundwater will be
discharged into the Clam River. Appropriate action also will be taken to ensure that current
or future landowners do not use the contaminated groundwater aquifers as a source of
drinking water. Kysor is designing the technical specifications for the groundwater cleanup.
The design phase to be scheduled in 1994 and will signal the start of cleanup activities.
Environmental Progress
The removal of hazardous wastes from the site has reduced the potential for exposure to
contaminated wastes and drums at the Northernaire Plating site while further cleanup actions
are being designed.
May 1994 NORTHERNAIRE PLATING
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Site Repository
Cadillac-Westford Library, 411 South Lake Street, Cadillac, MI 49601
NORTHERNAIRE PLATING
May 1994
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NOVACO IND
MICHIGAN
EPA ID# MID084566900
EPA REGION 5
Monroe County
Temperance
Site Description
The 2 1/2-acre Novaco Industries site was an active tool and die manufacturing and repair
facility that used chromic acid to plate auto part molds. In 1979, a tank at the site leaked an
unknown quantity of acid into the ground. Soon thereafter, chromium was discovered in the
site's well and in the well used by the Veterans of Foreign Wars (VFW) Post 9656. A year
later, chromium was detected in a residential well. Novaco began cleanup actions a month
after the spill was detected. The site consists of Novaco Industries, the VFW post, and the
Moyer residential property. Approximately 85 residences and businesses lie within 1/2 mile of
the site.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/30/82
Final Date: 09/08/83
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater samples from the shallow aquifer contain low levels of chromium.
Chromium contamination has not been found in monitoring wells or residential
wells located in the deep aquifer. Ingestion of contaminated groundwater is the
only potential health risk at the site, although this is considered unlikely. The two
domestic wells that are located in the shallow aquifer have been abandoned.
Cleanup Approach
Intensive investigations of site conditions showed that the site does not pose a threat to
people or the environment.
May 1994
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Response Action Status
Entire Site: Following an investigation of groundwater contamination at the site
between 1983 and 1986, the EPA selected the following remedy: extract and treat
approximately 36 million gallons of groundwater; discharge treated water into
Indian Creek; monitor groundwater for 30 years; and cap and abandon 15 groundwater
monitoring wells. The EPA began design of the remedy in 1987. In 1988, the Army Corps of
Engineers conducted a pump test and collected groundwater samples as part of the remedy
design phase. Analysis of these samples indicated that the chromium concentrations had
fallen below the Federal drinking water standard. The EPA canceled the start of work on the
original remedy but continues to monitor the groundwater. In 1989, the chromium levels were
still below drinking water standards, and additional soil testing indicated levels below public
health standards. Therefore, no further actions are required except for continued site
monitoring to ensure the long-term safety of the site.
Environmental Progress
The groundwater and soil samples taken at the Novaco Industries site indicate that the low
level of contamination that currently exists at the site does not pose any threats to nearby
residents and the environment. The EPA will continue to monitor the groundwater to ensure
safety standards are maintained.
Site Repository
Monroe County Public Library, Bedford Branch, 8575 Jackman Road, Temperance, MI 48182
May 1994 NOVACO INDUSTRIES
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ORGANIC
CHEMICALS,
MICHIGAN
EPA ID# MID990858003
Site Description
EPA REGION 5
Kent County
Grandville
Beginning in the early 1930s, the 20-acre Organic Chemicals, Inc. (OCI) site was used to
refine, transport, and store petroleum. A succession of petroleum-related industries operated
on the property until it was purchased in 1968 by the Spartan Chemical Company. Spartan
bought the property to be used by its subsidiary, Organic Chemical Company (now Organic
Chemicals, Inc.), and in 1979, OCI became the owner of the property. Operations at the site
included recycling approximately 100,000 gallons of used solvents each month and
manufacturing small amounts of chemicals used in pharmaceuticals and industry. OCI stopped
operation. In May 1991, OCI stopped operation. Process waste and cooling water from
OCI's operations were discharged to a seepage pond from approximately 1968 to 1980. In
1979, OCI reported to the Michigan Department of Natural Resources (MDNR) that there
had been chemical spills on the property. OCI closed the seepage pond in 1980 and installed
a wastewater treatment facility, which discharges treated water into the municipal sewer
system. The site is in a wetlands area, and there are lakes and ponds downgradient from the
site. Approximately 2,850 people live within a mile of the site, and 9,000 people live within 3
miles of the site. All residences are connected to the Grandville municipal water system and
use municipal water for drinking and cooking.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/30/82
Final Date: 09/08/83
Threats and Contaminants
On-site groundwater contains volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Soil under a
cooling pond showed slight contamination. People could be exposed to hazardous
substances from the site by accidentally ingesting or coming in direct contact with
contaminated groundwater or soil.
May 1994
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Cleanup Approach
_^^^^^_^«*
This site is being addressed in three stages: immediate actions and two long-term remedial
phases focusing on cleanup of the shallow groundwater and other areas.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1981, OCI removed sludges that had accumulated at a
former cooling water pond and filled the pond with clean material. In 1987, OCI
excavated and removed -approximately 150 drums from the site. OCI classified all
wastes from the drums as paint sludges and disposed of them as hazardous waste.
Shallow Groundwater: The EPA conducted an extensive study of the
groundwater contamination in the shallow aquifer using the information that OCI
collected during its initial site investigation. The EPA drilled and installed 23
monitoring wells on and off site as part of the study. The study was completed in 1991, and
the final selected remedy includes carbon absorption of the contaminated shallow
groundwater. The potentially responsible parties have completed the remedial design.
Construction of the carbon adsorption system is scheduled to be complete by September
1994.
Other Areas: The EPA is conducting an additional investigation addressing soil
contamination, contamination in the lower groundwater system, and oil-related
contamination. Test pits dug on site revealed extensive oil contamination, probably
due to the refinery operation and bulk storage terminal. This phase of the investigation is
scheduled for completion in late 1994.
Site Facts: In 1986, the MDNR investigated a complaint that OCI personnel were illegally
disposing hazardous wastes at the facility. As a result of this investigation, the EPA cited the
company for violations regarding the handling and disposal of hazardous wastes. In 1987, OCI
voluntarily conducted an investigation of the site in cooperation with the MDNR.
Environmental Progress
The removal of sludges and drums has reduced the potential for exposure to hazardous
materials at the Organic Chemical, Inc. site while additional studies are taking place and
cleanup activities are being planned.
Site Repository
Grandville Public Library, 3141 Wilson Avenue, Grandville, MI 49418
May 1994 ORGANIC CHEMICALS, INC.
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OSSINEKE
GROUNDWA
CONTAMINATION
MICHIGAN
EPA ID# MID980794440
Site Description
EPA REGION 5
Alpena County
Ossineke
The 11-acre Ossineke Groundwater Contamination site resulted from a series of unrelated
spills and incidents that contaminated the groundwater of local residents within the LaBell
subdivision. These incidents included leaking underground storage tanks, accidental spills of
fuel on the ground, and suspected releases of fuel and other organic compounds into the
ground. A second potential source was a laundry/dry cleaning facility and its washwater pond.
Contamination was first detected in 1977 when the Alpena District Health Department
(ADHD) began receiving complaints of odors in the drinking water of residents near the site.
The ADHD and the Michigan Department of Public Health (MDPH) discovered that five
residential wells in the area were contaminated with petroleum and chlorinated hydrocarbons.
These contaminated wells all drew water from the shallow aquifer below the site. Between
1979 and 1984, the MDPH and local residents replaced 14 wells that were contaminated and
replaced them with ones that drew groundwater from a deeper aquifer under the site. In
1982, additional contamination problems surfaced when gasoline odors in the basements of
two local businesses were reported. The Michigan Department of Natural Resources
(MDNR) studied the site in 1984 to determine the potential source of contamination.
Groundwater monitoring wells and soil gas surveys detected various petroleum products and
chlorinated hydrocarbons in the shallow aquifer under the site. The study pinpointed three
areas where the sources of groundwater contamination appear to be located: the Barn (a gas
and convenience store), the Marathon Service Station, and an area southwest of the
intersection of Alphonse and LaRose streets. A 5-acre wetland is located 1/2 mile from the
site, while Devils River is 3/4 mile from the site. Approximately 1,140 people live within a 3-
mile radius of the Marathon Gas Station.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and State actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/30/82
Final Date: 09/08/83
May 1994
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Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater under the site contains volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that are
petroleum related. Currently, no residents are drinking contaminated water.
However, people could be exposed to hazardous chemicals through accidental
ingestion or direct contact with groundwater. Wetlands also may be threatened.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: initial actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: Fourteen wells that showed traces of contamination were
replaced by the State and local residents from 1979 to 1984.
Entire Site: The EPA began field activities for a study of contamination at the
site in 1989. The EPA took samples of the groundwater, surface water, sediments,
air, and soil gases to clearly define the sources of contamination and the extent of
the problem. The investigation, completed in early 1991, determined that the source of
contamination was from leaking underground storage tanks. Based on these findings, it has
been proposed that the cleanup of this site be turned over to the EPA's Underground
Storage Tank (UST) program.
Environmental Progress
Replacement of contaminated wells has reduced the potential for exposure of nearby
residents to site-related contaminants from the Ossineke Groundwater Contamination site
while cleanup activities are being planned, possibly under the EPA's UST program.
Site Repository
NBD Alpena Bank, 11686 US Highway 23, South, Ossineke, MI 49766
May 1994 OSSINEKE GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION
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OTT/STORY/C
CHEMICAL
MICHIGAN
EPA ID# MID060174240
DOVA
EPA REGION 5
Muskegon County
Dalton Township
Other Names:
Ott Story & Corn Products
Chemical Company
Cordova Chemical Company
of Michigan
Site Description
The 20-acre Ott/Story/Cordova Chemical Co. site is a former chemical plant surrounded by
wooded land. Since the 1950s, the Ott, Story, and Cordova chemical companies owned and
operated three separate chemical plants on the same property. The chemical plants used
various synthetic and organic chemicals to manufacture drugs, veterinary medicines,
agricultural chemicals, and other similar materials. Wastes from the chemical manufacturing
processes were placed in unlined lagoons and stored in drums on the property. Ott Chemical
began producing chemicals at the site in 1957. The company's improper storage and handling
of wastes resulted in contaminated groundwater and soils. Ott Chemical, under a license from
the Michigan Water Resources Commission, also discharged purged water to Little Bear
Creek, but discontinued the practice in 1967 when area residents noticed odors and adverse
effects on aquatic life. Story Chemical took over the site in 1972, and by the time it went
bankrupt in 1976, thousands of drums filled with chemical wastes were stockpiled on site. A
plume of contaminants traveled at least 1 mile to an unnamed tributary of Little Bear Creek.
The plume contaminated the tributary, the creek, and several private wells in the area.
Cordova Chemical bought the property in 1977 and continued to produce a limited number
of petro-chemical products, but ceased all chemical manufacturing operations in 1985.
Approximately 3,500 people live within a 3-mile radius of the site and use groundwater as
their source of potable water. A tributary of adjacent Little Bear Creek drains into Bear
Creek, which flows into Muskegon Lake.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and State actions.
Threats and Contaminants
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 07/16/82
Final Date: 09/08/83
Groundwater and soil on and near the site contain various volatile organic
compounds (VOCs). Surface water is contaminated with VOCs as well as
semivolatile compounds and pesticides. People could be exposed to site-related
contaminants through ingestion of or direct contact with contaminated
groundwater, soil, sediments, or surface water.
May 1994
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in four stages: immediate actions and three long-term remedial
phases focusing on cleanup of the groundwater, aquifer restoration, and soil cleanup.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: The Michigan Department of Natural Resources (MDNR)
cleaned up the surface of the site in 1978, removing 2,000 containers, 8,000 cubic
yards of sludge, and contaminated soils from waste ponds on the property.
Further investigations in 1978 found tanks of highly toxic phosgene gas, which the State
neutralized and disposed of via an agreement with the new site owner. VOCs also were
found in residential wells near the site. A permanent water supply was installed. All
aboveground drums were removed from the site and a municipal water line was extended to
residences with wells that were contaminated. Unused buildings, including the pilot plant, an
incinerator, and four production buildings on the site were dismantled and disposed of at an
off-site location.
Groundwater: The EPA completed a study of the site and concluded that
contamination of surface water and sediments near Little Bear Creek and its
tributary resulted from groundwater seeping into these surface water bodies. The
EPA selected the following remedies for cleanup of the groundwater: installing groundwater
extraction wells near a surface water body and the unnamed tributary; constructing a
groundwater treatment plant on site to treat the groundwater pumped from the well; treating
the groundwater; and discharging the treated groundwater to the North Branch of the
Muskegeon River. Remedial design was completed in 1993. Construction is scheduled to
begin April of 1994 and to be completed by late 1995.
Aquifer Restoration: Based on the results of an investigation completed in
1990, the EPA selected a remedy for aquifer restoration that includes installation
and operation of extraction wells, a purge and treatment system at points
throughout the aquifer, and a groundwater monitoring system. Groundwater will be treated in
attempt to attain pertinent Federal-State discharge standards. Data on the extent of
groundwater contamination from extraction and monitoring wells will be used to ensure that
the entire contaminated groundwater plume is treated. Remedial design was completed in
1993. Construction is scheduled to begin April of 1994 and to be completed by late 1995.
Soil: Based on the results of an investigation completed in 1993, the EPA selected
a remedy for soil/sediment remediation that includes excavation of approximately
7.200 cubic yards of contaminated soil/sediments and treatment on-site by means
of low temperature thermal desorption. EPA is expecting to complete design of the remedy
in 1995.
May 1994 OTT/STORY/CORDOVA CHEMICAL CO.
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Site Facts: In 1968, the State ordered Ott Chemical to stop all direct discharges of process
wastewaters into the groundwater and to treat its wastewater before discharge into the
Muskegon River. In 1977, the MDNR ordered Story Chemical to clean up the site, control
pollution to the groundwater, and replace water supplies for 50 households. Cordova
Chemical entered into a Consent Order with the State after it purchased the property in
1977. In an August 1991 Federal District Court decision, certain parties potentially
responsible were found liable for cleanup actions at the site.
Environmental Progress
By removing drums and other contaminated materials and providing an alternate water
supply, the State has reduced exposure to contamination at the Ott/Story/Cordova Chemical
Co. site while final cleanup activities are being planned and additional investigations are
designed and contructed.
Site Repository
Walter Memorial Library, 1522 Ruddiman Avenue, North Muskegon, MI 49445
OTT/STORY/CORDOVA CHEMICAL CO.
May 1994
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PACKAGING
CORPORATI
AMERICA
MICHIGAN
EPA ID# MID980794747
Site Description
EPA REGION 5
Manistee County
Filer City
The 50-acre Packaging Corporation of America (PCA) site was a waste disposal area that
contained eight lagoons. PCA and its prior owner, American Box Board Company (ABBCo),
operated a pulping mill for producing materials for corrugated boxes. ABBCo first began this
pulping process in 1949 and directly discharged spent cooking liquor into the Manistee Lake.
This dumping severely reduced the level of oxygen in the lake and killed fish before the
discharge was stopped in 1951. ABBCo then began discharging the spent cooking liquor into
a series of unlined seepage lagoons located 1/2 mile east of side of Manistee Lake. Wastes
from the lagoons percolated into the underlying shallow aquifer, discoloring and
contaminating the groundwater. In 1959, ABBCo merged with Central Fibre Products
Company & Ohio Box Board Company to form a new corporation, PCA. By 1974, PCA
completely phased out discharging waste products into the lagoons. Between 1951 and 1976,
approximately 7 billion gallons of wastewaters were discharged to the seepage lagoons. In
1972, PCA began operating a secondary wastewater treatment plant to treat wastes before
discharging them into Lake Michigan. Of the eight lagoons that remain at the site, PCA used
one as a landfill for solid waste. Approximately 10,200 people live within a 3-mile radius of
the lagoons. A Martin-Marietta plant, located to the west of the site over the plume of
contaminated water, formerly used groundwater for drinking and industrial purposes. The
contaminant plume discharges into Manistee Lake. The Manistee River connects the lake
with Lake Michigan, 3 miles from the plume.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/30/82
Final Date: 09/08/83
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater contains phenols and heavy metals including chromium and lead.
People in the area of the site could be exposed to hazardous contaminants through
the groundwater. Manistee Lake is receiving and will continue to receive most of
the contaminant plume from the PCA site. The lake supports a fishery. There is
evidence that the dewatered lagoons and their surrounding areas are used for
hunting and by recreational vehicles.
May 1994
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Cleanup Approach
EPA has determined that conditions at the PCA site pose no current or potential
unacceptable risk to human health or the environment and no further remedial action for the
groundwater operable unit is necessary.
Response Action Status
Entire Site: Based on an investigation completed in 1993, EPA determined that
conditions at the PCA site pose no current or potential unacceptable risk to
human health or the environment. While the site does appear to exhibit elevated
levels of heavy metals and some organic compounds, calculations of potential future risk
indicate that the contamination does not appear to pose an unacceptable risk to human
health or the environment. Accordingly, no remedial action for the groundwater operable
unit is necessary to ensure protection of human health and the environment. EPA will
however, continue to monitor Manistee Lake and the contaminants in the groundwater until
the contaminated plume has fully discharged into the lake.
Institutional controls include a public health moratorium prohibiting the future drilling of
wells into the contaminated groundwater. Should this control fail, the groundwater itself is
dark brown in color and has a strong odor and taste and would preclude its use for human
consumption. The source of the contamination has been removed and 95% of the
contaminated plume has already vented into Manistee Lake. Studies indicate that the plum is
actually shrinking and private wells in East Lake and Stronach are not contaminated or
threatened with contamination. The concentration of contaminates in the plume are
expected to reach MCLs in 60 years. The contaminants should not pose a long term problem
for the lake
Environmental Progress
After adding this site to the NPL, the EPA performed preliminary investigations and
determined that no further actions were required at the Packaging Corporation of America
site.
Site Repository
Manistee County Library, 95 Maple Street, Manistee, MI 49660
Stronach Township Hall, 2471 Main Street, Stronach, MI 49660
May 1994 PACKAGING CORPORATION OF AMERICA
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PARSONS C
WORKS, INC.
MICHIGAN
EPA ID# MID980476907
Site Description
EPA REGION 5
Eaton County
Grand Ledge
Other Names:
Parsons/ETM Enterprise
The Parsons Chemical Works, Inc. site covers 6 1/2 acres of land in Oneida Township, near
Grand Ledge. Parsons Chemical Works engaged in mixing, manufacturing, and packaging
agricultural chemicals from 1945 until 1979, when the plant was closed. In the mid-1950s,
Parsons installed a septic tank and tile field system to handle its sewage and wastewaters. A
floor drain discharged wastewater from the building to the soils outside. The tank/tile system
was connected to a storm drain on site, which discharged to an unnamed stream that merges
with the Grand River. Materials handled during Parsons' operation included pesticides,
herbicides, solvents, and mercury-based compounds. Concerns arose in 1979 and 1980, when
the Michigan Department of Natural Resources (MDNR) collected sediment samples from a
creek on site and the Grand Ledge ditch, located on the northern boundary of the site. The
MDNR analyzed the water from these samples and found lead, mercury, arsenic, and
pesticides including chlordane, dioxin and DDT. ETM Enterprises, a manufacturer of
fiberglass, purchased the property in 1979 and carried out a study to determine the source of
contamination at the site. The septic tank and leach field, which lead from the site to a catch
basin in the county drain system, were identified as the source of contamination. In 1983,
ETM excavated the area and disposed of the septic tank and the soil in the leach field. As
part of the National Dioxin Study, the EPA targeted the Parsons site for dioxin screening in
1984. Samples collected in this study revealed the presence of various dioxins in sediments of
the Grand Ledge ditch and in the sediments that were discharged to the drainage tile on the
site. In 1985, the MDNR and the Michigan Department of Health fenced off the areas that
were contaminated. ETM continues to operate the facility, but the fenced and unused areas
of the site have extensively eroded. Contaminants in this area have continued to migrate
from the site to the unnamed creek and Grand River. About 11,000 people obtain drinking
water from three Grand Ledge municipal wells or private wells within 3 miles of the site.
Groundwater near the site is shallow, and geologic conditions there make it easy for
contaminants to move into the groundwater. People in the area use the river for recreational
activities.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and State actions.
NPL USTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Final Date: 03/31/89
May 1994
-------
Threats and Contaminants
Sediments and soils contain dioxin; heavy metals including lead, mercury, and
arsenic; and pesticides including DDT, dieldrin and chlordane. The continued
migration of contaminants presents a threat to public health and the environment.
In 1983, studies conducted by the MDNR and the EPA attributed low levels of
dioxin and chlordane in fish collected from the creek and Grand River to the site.
Also, the possibility exists that the food chain in the Grand River is contaminated,
because of contaminants found in the fish.
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: initial actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: In response to the discovery of dioxin contamination in 1985, the
MDNR and the Michigan Department of Health fenced the contaminated areas.
In 1990, contaminated soils were removed. Treatment and removal of these and
additional soils are expected to be completed in 1994.
Entire Site: In 1992, the EPA began a detailed study of the nature and extent of
contamination at the site. This study is examining alternative methods for
addressing contamination at the site. The EPA is currently to performing in-situ
vitrification (ISV) on the initial 3000 cubic yards of contaminated soil whereby the
contaminants in the soils and sediments are destroyed/immobilized by melting them. The ISV
phase should be completed during the summer of 1994. The detailed study should be
completed in 1995.
Environmental Progress
The ISV project should be completed summer 1994. The RI/FS in 1995.
Site Repository
Grand Ledge Public Library, 131 East Jefferson Street. Grand Ledge, MI 48837
May 1994 PARSONS CHEMICAL WORKS, INC.
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PEERLESS
PLATING
MICHIGAN
EPA ID# MID006031348
EPA REGION 5
Muskegon County
Muskegon Township
Site Description
The Peerless Plating Co. site covers 1 acre of an abandoned electroplating facility located in
Muskegon. Electroplating operations were carried out at the plant from 1937 to 1983. Toxic,
corrosive, reactive, and flammable chemicals were used in the electroplating process. The
plant discharged its wastewaters into three unlined seepage lagoons at the back of the facility.
The wastewaters dumped into the lagoons contained heavy metals and were highly acidic or
basic. When the plant closed in 1983, it was abandoned, and plating solutions, raw materials,
and drummed waste remained throughout the facility. In 1983, the Michigan Department of
Natural Resources (MDNR) discovered that drains inside one of the buildings did not
connect with the site's sanitary sewer or wastewater treatment system; instead, the wastes
drained directly onto the ground. The State also discovered drums on site. In 1983, the
Michigan Department of Public Health detected hydrocyanic acid gas in the facility's
atmosphere. The owner's failure to take immediate action to remove the gas prompted the
State to contact the EPA to assist in reducing the threat to public health caused by the gas.
The surrounding area is mixed residential, commercial, and light industrial development.
Approximately 3,350 people live within a 3-mile radius of the site. Seven schools, a hospital,
and a correctional facility are located within 1 mile. The nearest residence is within 600 feet
of the site, and a mobile home park is located 1/2 mile to the southwest. Approximately 1,500
people obtain drinking water from private wells within a 3-mile radius. The city uses the
shallow aquifer as the only groundwater alternative to the municipal water supply that draws
from Lake Michigan. By 1988, all private wells within a 1/2-mile radius were abandoned and
replaced by the municipal water main. Little Black Creek is to the southeast and empties into
Mona Lake, which is 2 miles downstream from the site. The EPA found site-related
contaminants in Little Black Creek. However, other contaminant sources exist upstream and
have appeared to contribute to this contamination of Little Black Creek.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Final Date: 08/30/90
Threats and Contaminants
May 1994
-------
The shallow groundwater on site contains heavy metals including cadmium and
chromium; volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including trichloroethylene (TCE),
benzene, and xylene; and cyanide. Sediments in streams and surface waters on and
off site are contaminated with cadmium, arsenic and lead. People could be exposed
to hazardous chemicals from the site through direct contact with or accidental
ingestion of contaminated groundwater or soil.
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
directed at cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: Between September and October 1983, the EPA removed
37,000 gallons of sulfuric, nitric, and chromic acids; cyanide plating solution;
chromium plating solution; hydrochloric acid; and trichloroethane. The EPA also
took the following actions at the site: the lagoons were drained; soil was removed from the
lagoon areas; the interior of the building was cleaned; vats, lines, and tanks were
decontaminated; sewer lines were sealed; cyanide and nitric acid were neutralized on site; and
hazardous materials were removed to a federally regulated facility. In 1991, the EPA removed
approximately 2,500 gallons of liquids containing heavy metals and cyanide from an on-site
tank. Eliminating immediate sources of contamination, encapsulating asbestos insulation from
an oven, and fencing the site are additional activities that have been performed by the
potentially responsible parties.
Entire Site: In 1989, the EPA began a study of the nature and extent of
contamination at the site, focusing on the groundwater and the effect of site-
related contaminants on surface waters. In 1992, the study was completed and a
ROD was signed. It called for the treatment of contaminated soils through insitu vapor
extraction of the organic compounds and stabilization of the inorganic compounds. The
treated soils will be disposed off-site in a licensed hazardous waste facility. The contaminated
groundwater will be treated by air stripping the volatile organic compounds and precipitation
of the inorganic compounds. This remedy is currently being designed which should be
completed in 1994.
Site Facts: In June 1983, State and local authorities took regulatory action against the
owner of the facility, which resulted in the closing of the facility.
May 1994 PEERLESS PLATING CO.
-------
Environmental Progress
The draining of the lagoon and the removal of hazardous liquids and soils have reduced the
potential for direct exposure to contaminants on the Peerless Plating Co. site. Soil and
groundwater cleanup remedies have been selected and are currently being designed.
Site Repository
Norton Shores Branch Library, 705 Seminole Road, Muskegon, MI 49442
PEERLESS PLATING CO.
May 1994
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PETOSKEY
WELL FIELD
MICHIGAN
EPAID# MID006013049
EPA REGION 5
Emmet County
Petoskey
Other Names:
Petoskey Manufacturing Co., Inc.
Site Description
The Petoskey Municipal Well Field provides drinking water for the residents of Petoskey,
Michigan. The Ingalls Shore Municipal Well, one of only two wells serving the municipal
water system, provides 60 to 70% of the City's water and is located about 200 yards
northwest of the Petoskey Manufacturing Company (PMC), the suspected source of
contamination of the well field. Water from the City of Petoskey's Ingalls Shore Municipal
Well contains volatile organic compounds, primarily Trichloroethylene (TCE), from the PMC
site. A ground water contaminant plume has migrated from PMC to the well, where it is
being drawn into the city's water supply system. The contaminated Ingalls Shore Well is still
being used to service the population of Petoskey.
PMC has operated has operated a die casting plant at this location since 1946 and a painting
operation since the mid to late 1960s. Disposal of spent solvents and/or paint sludge on the
ground surface outside the PMC building has contaminated soils and ground water in the
vicinity of the site. Soils at the PMC facility contain high levels of VOCs and SVOCs and
elevated levels of metals.
There are approximately 7,000 people within a 3-mile radius of the site. The population
during the summer months increases to about 11,000. A high school, college, and hospital
receive water from the municipal supply system. Three private wells are about 1/2 mile west
of the contaminated municipal well. The nearest residence is less than 250 feet from the site.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal, State and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/30/82
Final Date: 09/08/83
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater at the site cor
contains VOCs including TCE. Soils at the site contain
VOCs, SVOCs, pesticides, and elevated levels of metals. People may have been
exposed to hazardous chemicals from the site by drinking and coming in direct
contact with contaminated water from the municipal well. Levels of TCE in the
Ingalls Shore Well are currently below the MCL of 5ppb. People could be exposed
May 1994
-------
to hazardous chemicals at the Petoskey Municipal Well Field site by touching
contaminated soil at the PMC facility.
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1981, the U.S. EPA and MDNR identified PMC as a
potentially responsible party for contamination of the Petoskey Municipal Well
Field. Analysis of the samples obtained from the are west of the PMC building
indicated that elevated levels of VOCs were present in the soils. In 1982, at the direction of
the MDNR, PMC removed approximately 131 cubic yards of contaminated soil backfilled the
excavation, and capped it with a polymembrane liner.
The MDNR conducted a ground water study in 1982 and 1983. The study confirmed the
presence of ground water contamination and found that the local ground water flow from the
PMC site was toward the Ingalls Shore water supply well when the well was pumping.
In 1984, the U.S. EPA issued an administrative order directing PMC to conduct further
hydrogeological studies. PMC retained an environmental consultant and completed this work
under the direction of the U.S. EPA and MDNR.
Entire Site: In 1987, the U.S. EPA issued another administrative order to PMC.
Under this order, PMC was to conduct a full RI/FS to determine the nature and
extent of contamination and evaluate remedial alternatives to address the
contamination. The MDNR took over the RI/FS study in 1990, after PMC declared
bankruptcy. Phase I of the Remedial Investigation is expected to be completed by MDNR in
mid-1994. The evaluation of alternatives and selection of a remedy is expected in 1995.
In 1993, U.S. EPA proposed an interim remedy for the Ingalls Shore Municipal Well. U.S.
EPA recommended that an air-stripper be constructed at the well to address VOC
contamination. The public comment period on the proposed alternative closed in January of
1994, and a Record of Decision is expected in the summer of 1994.
Site Facts: Petoskey Manufacturing Company removed the most highly contaminated soils
at MDNR's direction. The EPA issued Petoskey Manufacturing Company an Administrative
Order in 1984, which required the company to carry out additional hydrogeologic studies near
its property. The company signed a Consent Order in 1987 to carry out a complete study of
the site; however, Petoskey Manufacturing Company has filed for bankruptcy, and the State
has taken over the investigation.
May 1994 PETOSKEY MUNICIPAL WELL FIELD
-------
Environmental Progress
The removal of contaminated soil from the Petoskey Manufacturing property has reduced the
potential for continued contamination of the Petoskey Municipal Well Field site, while
investigations leading to the selection of the final cleanup remedy are underway.
Site Repository
Petoskey Public Library, 451 East Mitchell Street, Petoskey, Ml 49770
PETOSKEY MUNICIPAL WELL FIELD
May 1994
-------
RASMUSSEN:
MICHIGAN
EPAID# MID095402210
MP
Site Description
EPA REGION 5
Livingston County
Green Oak Township
The Rasmussen's Dump site, which was previously a sand and gravel pit area used as a dump,
is located on 35 acres in Green Oak Township. The dump was unlicensed and was known to
have accepted both domestic and industrial solid and liquid wastes. The dump operated from
the 1960s until 1972, when the Livingston County Health Department closed the site. During
the 1970s, the northwestern section of the site was used as a gravel mine. In 1979, mining
operations uncovered drums buried in an old dump area. In 1983, two piles of 1,500 to 2,000
drums were observed on site. Several hundred people live within a mile of the site. More than
1,800 people live within 3 miles of the landfill and use groundwater as a drinking water
source. There are approximately 250 wells within 1 mile of the site.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL USTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/30/82
Final Date: 09/08/83
Threats and Contaminants
A plume of contaminated groundwater extends to the northwest from the dump.
Soil sampling by the State revealed polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) and organics
contamination near a drum pile on the eastern side of the site. In 1985, the State
installed a fence around the site to eliminate the health risks from accidental
ingestion of and direct contact with contaminated soils.
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
directed at cleanup of the entire site.
May 1994
-------
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1984, the EPA constructed an access road to aid in site
cleanup actions. Drums were excavated and transferred to a staging area on the
site, where they were opened and sampled. Soil that was mixed in with the
excavated drums was stockpiled in a lined area. Wastes were separated, and all liquid wastes
were bulked and transported off site for disposal at federally approved disposal facilities. Solid
and semi-solid drummed waste was shredded. All solids and shredded solids were stockpiled,
and the former drum pile and staging areas were resampled. All contaminated soils were
removed, and clean fill was spread over a large portion of the landfill to eliminate the drifting
and blowing debris problem created by excavation of the landfill's surface cap. Approximately
344 tons of PCB solids, 400 gallons of base-neutral liquids, 800 gallons of flammable liquids,
1,720 cubic yards of contaminated soils and solids, and 3,000 empty drums were disposed of
off site at EPA-approved facilities. In 1985, a security fence was installed around the site. In
1989, under EPA monitoring, 11 of the potentially responsible parties excavated, analyzed,
and disposed of surface and buried drums, associated wastes, and contaminated soils. These
actions were completed in 1990.
Entire Site: The State, with EPA assistance, has conducted an investigation into
the nature and extent of the contamination at the site. Based on the results of this
investigation, completed in early 1991, the EPA has chosen a cleanup remedy that
includes extracting, treating, and reinjecting groundwater; monitoring groundwater; capping
the landfill portion of the site; disposing of any drums unearthed during capping; and adding
fencing and deed restrictions, as necessary. Groundwater will be treated using chemical
precipitation of heavy metals, bioremediation, air stripping, and granular activated carbon as
necessary. The design of the remedies will be complete in Spring 1994.
Site Facts: Under the terms of an EPA Administrative Order, the potentially responsible
parties performed immediate actions at the site.
Environmental Progress
By fencing the site and removing most of the contaminated soils, solids, and drums of
hazardous materials, the potential for exposure to contaminants at the Rasmussen's Dump
site has been reduced while the design of final cleanup remedies is underway.
Site Repository
Hamburg Township Library, 7225 Stone Street, Hamburg, MI 48139
May 1994 RASMUSSEN'S DUMP
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ROCKWELL
INTERNATIO
CORP. (ALLEGAN
PLANT)
MICHIGAN
EPA ID# MID006028062
EPA REGION 5
Allegan County
Allegan
Site Description
The 30-acre Rockwell International Corp. (Allegan Plant) site has been used to manufacture
universal joints for heavy trucks and construction equipment since the early 1900s. From 1910
to 1920, the Allegan Mirror and Plate Glass Company manufactured glass products at what is
now known as the Rockwell International Plant site. In 1920, the site was purchased by the
Blood Brothers Machine Company and the production of universal joints began. From 1910
to 1960, wastewater containing sludge, heavy metals, process wastes, and oils was discharged
into the Kalamazoo River. Later these waste streams were discharged into an unlined settling
pond that drained to the Kalamazoo River. In the late 1960s, when this pond reached a
saturation point in terms of sludge depth, the pond was abandoned and buried, and three new
unlined ponds were constructed. In 1971, a water treatment system was installed, which
included two concrete underground storage tanks. Three new treatment ponds were also
constructed to contain treated water, untreated non-contact cooling water, and sludge. The
original collection pond, with the sludge still in it, was filled in and built over. In 1974, oil
seeps were detected along the river bank adjacent to the new wastewater ponds. A 3-foot-
deep clay dike constructed between the ponds and the Kalamazoo River in 1975 was effective
for about a year. In 1976, it was determined that the seepage to the river from groundwater
originated from the two concrete underground storage tanks; the source of the leakage has
since been eliminated. However, oils remaining within the soils periodically seep into the
river. In 1991, the plant was closed, and the western portion of the site, including the three
wastewater treatment ponds, were sold. The former manufacturing building on the western
portion of the site is currently occupied by a number of small businesses, however, the
wastewater treatment plant and ponds are no longer in use. There are an estimated 8,150
people living within 3 miles of the site. The area is served by a public water supply system.
About 6,900 people within 3 miles of the site depend on the shallow groundwater as a source
of drinking water. The closest residential well is 1/2 mile from the site. The site is
downgradient from the current public water supply system.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 04/10/85
Final Date: 07/22/87
May 1994
-------
Threats and Contaminants
On-site soils and groundwater are potentially contaminated with volatile organic
compounds (VOCs), semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs), Polychlorinated
Biphenyls (PCBs), copper, zinc, manganese, mercury and barum. Heavy metals
including lead, arsenic, and cyanide. River sediment contains heavy metals
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and PCBs. People may be exposed to
health risks through direct contact with contaminated sediments while using the
river for recreational purposes. The threat of local residents' exposure to site
contaminants has been minimized by site security. However, the estimated 10 to 15
occupants of the current site facilities may be exposed to chemicals through direct
contact with contaminated surface soil.
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site. During a second phase of field work in 1992, however,
light non-aqueous phase liquids were discovered in several site wells, and a small intermittent
oil seep into the Kalamazoo River was identified adjacent to the former wastewater
treatment ponds. Oil booms were installed along the bank of the river to contain the minor
seepage, which appears to be the result of residual waste oils remaining in the soil from
previous operation. In addition, two of the three oil recovery wells were also reactivated.
These wells were in operation for approximately nine months. After which time they were
deactivated as they did not appear to have any effect on the LNPAL observed in the
surrounding groundwater monitoring wells.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: Three oil recovery wells were installed in the late 1970s to
control the movement of the oil. These wells operated by returning contaminated
groundwater to the wastewater treatment system for reprocessing. The wells
operated from 1976 until late 1991 when the pumps were deactivated as they were no longer
recovering any free oil. In 1978, approximately 3,700 cubic yards of sludge from Pond
Number Two were removed and disposed of off site in a State-approved landfill.
Entire Site: Rockwell, the parry potentially responsible for the site contamination,
currently is conducting an investigation into the nature and extent of
contamination at the site with guidance from the EPA. Six potential contamination
sources are being investigated, which include: the former oil/water wastewater treatment
facility; the three inactive treatment ponds; the former collection pond that was filled in 1972;
a former oil floatation house discovered during the remedial investigation, the former Allegan
city dump, upon which a parking lot was built; the Allegan city wastewater treatment plant;
water and sediments in the Kalamazoo River. The investigation will define the contaminants
of concern and will recommend alternatives for the final cleanup. The investigation is
expected to be completed in early 1995.
ROCKWELL INTERNATIONAL CORP. May 1994
(ALLEGAN PLANT)
-------
Site Facts: In 1988, Rockwell and the EPA signed a Consent Order, requiring the company
to conduct a study of the nature and extent of site contamination.
Environmental Progress
The installation of oil recovery wells to direct contaminated water to a treatment system and
the removal of a substantial amount of sludge have reduced the potential of direct exposure
to hazardous materials at the Rockwell International Corp. (Allegan Plant) site.
Investigations are currently being conducted to select the final cleanup remedies for the
various areas of the site.
Site Repository
Allegan Public Library, 331 Hubbard Street, Allegan, MI 49010
May 1994
ROCKWELL INTERNATIONAL CORP.
(ALLEGAN PLANT)
-------
ROSE TOWNS
DUMP
MICHIGAN
EPA ID# MID980499842
Site Description
EPA REGION 5
Oakland County
Rose Township
Other Names:
Dorsey Dump
Approximately 12 acres of the 110-acre Rose Township Dump site once were used for the
disposal of paint sludges and other wastes on surface soils, in buried drums, and in lagoons.
Unregulated dumping of industrial wastes, including solvents, paint sludges, and
polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), occurred at the site between 1966 and 1968. The wastes
were buried in a 12-acre portion of the site. Bulk wastes also were discharged to the surface
or into shallow lagoons or pits in the area. Liquid wastes from an unknown number of tank
trucks were dumped onto the ground, and approximately 5,000 drums were disposed of on the
site. In 1980, the State removed the 55-gallon drums and scraped PCB-contaminated soil into
three large piles. The area is fenced, and warning signs have been posted. The total
population of Rose Township is about 4,600 people. Less than a dozen residences are
adjacent to the site. A road borders the site on the north, and there is a concentration of
buildings northeast of the site, near Buckhorn Lake. Approximately 4,600 residents depend
on local groundwater for domestic uses. Residents use local aquifers for potable water; the
nearest residential well is located 1,600 feet from the site. Two apparently distinct plumes of
groundwater contamination are emanating from the site, but there are no residential wells
within the contaminant plumes. The site is surrounded primarily by wetlands and woods.
There is an abundance of wildlife on site. Surface water runoff drains into marshes and
wetlands that border the site. Some nearby lakes are used for recreation, and the marshes
are unfenced.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL USTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 07/16/82
Final Date: 09/08/83
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater, surface water, and soils are contaminated with heavy metals and
volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including toluene, trichloroethylene (TCE),
and benzene. PCBs were detected in off-site sediment samples. Soil also is
contaminated with phthalates and DDT, a pesticide. The potential health risks to
people at this site include direct contact with or accidental ingestion of
contaminated groundwater, surface water, soil, or sediment. Hunting and fishing
are known activities in the area; therefore, eating fish and wildlife could present a
health threat. Wetlands also may be threatened.
May 1994
-------
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
directed at cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1980, the Michigan Department of Natural Resources
(MDNR) removed approximately 5,000 drums of liquid wastes from the site. In
1985, the EPA identified, segregated, staged, and sampled drums for disposal
purposes. Two areas of the site were fenced to restrict contact with PCBs- and
lead-contaminated surface soils. A heavy-duty vehicle gate was installed at the access road
entrance. Warning signs were posted along all newly fenced areas. In 1986, 31 drums were
over packed, labeled, and shipped off site for disposal. One load of bulk wastes totaling 20
cubic yards also was shipped away for disposal.
Entire Site: The selected cleanup technologies addressing site contamination
include: excavating as much as 25,000 cubic yards of PCBs contaminated surface
soil, incinerating the excavated soils, and returning them to the site (two plumes)
installing and operating a groundwater extraction and treatment system to clean
contaminated groundwater prior to discharging it to the wetlands adjacent to the site;
installing groundwater monitoring wells on and near the site and monitoring groundwater
underneath the site for the next 30 years; constructing a fence around the site; collecting and
analyzing samples from the wetlands adjacent to the site; and testing the potential
effectiveness of soil-flushing technology to clean up contaminated subsurface soil. Soil
flushing was found not to effective, currently the PRPs are testing the potential of soil vapor
extraction for subsurface clean up. The potentially responsible parties began preparing the
technical specifications and design for the selected cleanup remedies in late 1989. Pre-design
activities include soil and water sampling for each respective cleanup technology. The
incinerator was completed early 1994. Limited groundwater pump and treat began for
northern plume in 1971. Currently being reevaluated, the northern plume pump and treat
will be enhanced to provide adequate capture of plume.
Site Facts: As of 1986, 28 potentially responsible parties had been identified and notified of
liability. In 1987, the EPA and the State began negotiating cleanup responsibilities with these
parties. In 1988, the EPA and 12 parties signed a Consent Decree, requiring the parties to
implement and pay for cleanup activities.
May 1994 ROSE TOWNSHIP DUMP
-------
Environmental Progress
Removing the contaminated drums and surrounding soils and fencing the area have resulted
in a reduction of immediate threats to the surrounding communities and the environment at
the Rose Township Dump Site while the final cleanup remedies are being designed and
implemented.
Site Repositories
Holly Township Library, 1116 North Saginaw Street, Holly, MI 48442
Rose Township Office
ROSE TOWNSHIP DUMP
May 1994
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ROTO-FINIS
CO., INC.
MICHIGAN
EPA ID# MID005340088
EPA REGION 5
Kalamazoo County
Portage
Site Description
The 7 1/2-acre Roto-Finish Co., Inc. site is an abandoned specialty equipment manufacturing
facility that operated from approximately 1950 until 1988. The company designed and
manufactured specialized equipment for burring and polishing castings, mechanical parts, and
similar objects requiring smooth finishes. The site contains two buildings where plant
operations were conducted, a large building along the west side of the site and a smaller
building to the east. Three seepage lagoons were located on the eastern side of the site.
Manufacturing and processing wastes were pumped into two unlined, settling lagoons. The
lagoons often overflowed. An estimated 83,000 gallons of waste were pumped into these
lagoons. Two stormwater retention basins on site were used to collect surface water runoff,
which subsequently evaporated into the air or infiltrated and percolated through the soils.
The site also contains several paved parking areas. In 1980, the lagoons were abandoned and
the company began discharging all wastes to the municipal sewer system. In 1981, drums
containing formaldehyde, sodium chromate, and MOCA (an organic chemical compound used
as a curing agent in the fabrication of plastic molds) were observed on site. In 1982, lagoon
sludges and surrounding soils were removed and filled with clean soil. Approximately 45,000
to 50,000 people live within 3 miles of the site. Groundwater from an unconfined aquifer in
the area is used as a municipal, industrial, and domestic water source. Municipal wells within
a mile of the site provide water for an estimated 100,000 residents. Davis Creek, also located
within 1 mile of the site, leads into the Kalamazoo River, more than 3 miles downstream of
the site. The Kalamazoo River is used for recreational activities including fishing and
swimming.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 06/10/86
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater is contaminated with trichloroethylene (TCE) vinyl chloride, 1,1-
dichlouethene, and 1,1,1-trichlouethane Soil may be contaminated with MOCA,
volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and metals, including arsenic, beryllium,
cadmium, lead and manganese. Potential health risks to people include future
ingestion of and direct contact with contaminated groundwater and soils. The site
is bordered by a chain-link security fence with locking access gates.
May 1994
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in a long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the entire
site.
Response Action Status
Entire Site: The party potentially responsible for the site contamination currently
is conducting an investigation into the nature and extent of contamination at the
site. The investigation will define the contaminants of concern and will result in
recommendations for the final cleanup. Soil borings, well installation, and a study of
groundwater flow direction have been undertaken. A second study phase was completed in
1991, and a third phase was initiated in 1993. A decision on cleanup actions is planned for
early 1995, however, the potentially responsible parties (PRPs) for the Roto-Finish site have
proposed to install a temporary groundwater extraction system to contain contaminated
groundwater until the RI/FS is complete. This proposal is currently being evaluated as a non-
time critical removal action.
Environmental Progress
After listing the Roto-Finish Co., Inc. site on the NPL, the EPA conducted preliminary
evaluations of the site conditions and determined that the site does not present an imminent
threat to the surrounding population or the environment while investigations leading to
selection of the final cleanup remedies are taking place. However, the PRPs will install a
temporary groundwater extraction system to contain the contaminated groundwater.
Site Repository
Portage Public Library, 300 Library Lane, Portage, MI 49002
May 1994 ROTO-FINISH CO., INC.
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SCA INDEPEN
LANDFILL
MICHIGAN
EPA ID# MID000724930
Site Description
EPA REGION 5
Muskegon County
Muskegon Heights
Other Names:
Independent Landfill
The 100-acre SCA Independent Landfill site operated as a domestic and industrial waste
landfill from 1965 until the late 1970s. The landfill, which occupies about 1/3 of the site,
closed in 1987. Two unlined refuse cells are spread over 10 1/2 acres of the site. Two
inadequately lined cells occupy an additional 20 acres, and a 4-acre cell, which closed in 1987
and was covered with 3 feet of clay, is situated directly on top of the southern half of the two
unlined cells. In addition, a 6-acre parcel in the northeastern section of the site received
refuse. All areas have been closed and capped. The closure plan implemented by SCA
Services, a potentially responsible party, included a leachate management plan, groundwater
monitoring, gas vents, a final cover, and seeding of the site. In 1985, SCA Services completed
a hydrogeologic study. In 1986, the State concluded that site contamination was minor and
that no immediate groundwater cleanup activities were required. The lined waste cells have
been vented to prevent the buildup of gases. There are approximately 10,000 people living
within 3 miles of the site. There also are 6 schools and 7 churches within 3 miles of the site.
The landfill is located in a swampy area about 1/8 mile south of Black Creek, a coldwater
stream. The groundwater flow apparently empties into wetlands that border Black Creek, a
stream that has been re-stocked successfully with trout since 1987. A mobile home park with
more than 300 families is located 1/2 mile north of the site.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/30/82
Final Date: 09/08/83
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater is contaminated with heavy metals and volatile organic compounds
(VOCs) including xylene, benzene, and toluene. Surface water potentially is
contaminated with VOCs. Potential health threats to people include direct contact
with or ingestion of contaminated groundwater and surface water. Because the
landfill is in a flood plain, flood waters could expose the landfill contents and
spread the pollutants to the stream and low-lying areas. Wetland areas also may be
threatened.
May 1994
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in one long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the entire
site.
Response Action Status
Entire Site: An investigation of site contamination is underway to determine the
nature and extent of contamination at the landfill and in the groundwater.
Site Facts: In 1983, SCA Services and the State signed a Consent Agreement to provide for
the closure of the two unlined cells. In October 1993, Waste Management Inc. and the State
signed a Consent Agreement, whereby the company agreed to study the type and extent of
contamination at the Site, assess potential and actual risks to public health and the
environment and evaluate potential cleanup alternatives.
Environmental Progress
After the closure of the landfill and an initial site assessment by the State, the EPA decided
that no immediate actions were necessary at the SCA Independent Landfill site while
additional studies are conducted.
Site Repository
Not established.
May 1994 SCA INDEPENDENT LANDFILL
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SHIAWASSEE
MICHIGAN
EPA ID# MID980794473
Site Description
EPA REGION 5
Livingston County
Howell
The Shiawassee River flows through the communities of Byron, Vernon, and Corunna. All
three communities are located downstream of the Western Wheel Company and Cast Forge
Company, which formerly operated at the manufactured aluminum cast products from 1969.
Until 1973, wastewater contaminated by hydraulic fluids containing polychlorinated biphenyls
(PCBs) was discharged to the South Branch of the Shiawassee River. From 1973 to 1977,
wastewater was discharged into an on-site lagoon. Both the site property and the river
contain PCBs at elevated levels. Approximately 1,380 people within 3 miles of the Western
Wheel Company are served by the deeper aquifer beneath the site. Discharges from the
on-site lagoon, as well as periodic overflows, have contaminated wetlands located near the
site. Subsequently, the Shiawassee River has been contaminated. The river is used for many
forms of recreation. PCBs have been found in fish as far as 52 miles downstream.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/30/82
Final Date: 09/08/83
Threats and Contaminants
ZE
PCBs have been detected in fish, sediments, and soil. Wetland contamination has
been identified. The health threat of greatest concern is eating PCB-contaminated
fish. Other health threats include direct contact with contaminated river sediments
and soils.
May 1994
-------
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: The Cast Forge Company removed the lagoon and cleaned
up the PCB-contaminated soil and sediment from the property. In 1982, the state
began dredging of the South Branch of the Shiawassee River using resources
from a settlement with the Cast Forge Company. The first mile of the river, downstream
from the plant, was vacuumed, removing 2,600 pounds of PCBs.
Entire Site: The State, with EPA assistance, is conducting an investigation into
remaining soil and sediment contamination at the site. The investigation will define
the contaminants and recommend alternatives for final cleanup. Field work
includes groundwater, surface water, sediment, and soil sampling. The flood plains and
industrial area are being sampled. The investigation is planned to be completed in 1994.
Environmental Progress
The removal of the lagoon and PCB-contaminated soil and sediments reduced the potential
for exposure to contaminants from the Shiawassee River site while studies are taking place
and cleanup activities are being planned.
Site Repository
Howell Township Hall, 3525 Byron Road, Howell, MI 48843
May 1994 SHIAWASSEE RIVER
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SOUTH MACO
DISPOSAL A
(LANDFILLS #9
#9A)
MICHIGAN
EPAID* MID069826170
EPA REGION 5
Macomb County
Macomb Township
Site Description
The 159-acre South Macomb Disposal Authority site is made up of two adjacent municipal
landfills, Landfills #9 and #9a, that have been inactive since 1975. In the early 1960s,
municipal officials formed the South Macomb Disposal Authority to help in the management
and disposal of municipal refuse. Between 1968 and 1975, the landfills received approximately
1,880,000 cubic yards of municipal refuse. Reportedly, no hazardous wastes were disposed of
in the landfills; however, hazardous chemicals have been detected on and around the site.
Prior to 1968, the site was used as a sand and gravel excavation pit and for agricultural
purposes. Landfill #9 reached capacity in 1971 and was subsequently covered with a soil cap
and vegetation. Investigations in 1971 concluded that leachate was discharging from Landfill
#9 to the McBride Drain. Landfill #9a stopped receiving municipal refuse in 1975 and was
covered with a soil cap and vegetation. In 1975, the State inspected the site and concluded
that leachate was migrating from Landfill #9a. From 1977 through 1981, the South Macomb
Disposal Authority implemented various activities to stop leachate seepage from the landfills
which included improving erosion controls, tilling, regrading, covering the surface of the site,
and installing leachate collection systems. Two leachate collection systems are in operation on
site. Surface erosion of the landfills is evident around the perimeter of the site. Water
sampling of residential wells near the site in 1983 and 1984 indicated contamination. The site
is partially fenced. Approximately 75 homes are located within a 1-mile radius of the site. Two
contaminated aquifers are present beneath the site; a third, deeper aquifer is not
contaminated at the time of the investigation. The residents of 12 homes near the site have
been advised not to use water from their wells and have been connected to the City of
Detroit Municipal Water Supply System. McBride Drain, an open channel, receives runoff
from the site and flows to the North Branch of the Clinton River, 1 1/2 miles from the site.
Both McBride Drain and the Clinton River are used for recreational and agricultural
purposes.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and State actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 06/10/86
May 1994
-------
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater monitoring wells have detected the presence of volatile organic
compounds (VOCs), heavy metals, and nitrate. Surface soils are contaminated with
heavy metals and VOCs. The primary potential health risk to people includes
drinking or coming in direct contact with contaminated water. Other potential
health threats include accidental ingestion of or direct contact with contaminated
soil.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two phases: initial actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: Leachate controls have been put into place that include installing
erosion control measures, covering the landfill with soil, and installing a collection
system and holding tank. Based on recent visits to the site, the erosion control
measures are failing in places on the landfill. Residences with contaminated wells were
connected to the municipal water supply.
Entire Site: The EPA completed its investigation into the nature and extent of
site contamination and potential effects on public health and the environment in
1990. The investigation included soil gas testing, air sampling, surface soil sampling
and testing, leachate sampling, groundwater sampling, and subsurface soil sampling. Methods
of groundwater extraction/collection and on-site treatment were investigated by the EPA until
the responsibility was turned over to the State of Michigan. A 1991 Record of Decision called
for extraction of contaminated groundwater and treating it by air stripping, carbon
adsorption, oxidation/precipitation, filtration and discharge to McBride Drain. MDNR and
the potentially responsible parties are currently involved in a state court action regarding the
remedy to be implemented at the site. A separate remedial phase related to the contents of
the landfill is planned.
Environmental Progress
Initial actions including covering the landfills with soil, installing leachate collection systems,
and providing an alternate water supply to affected residents have reduced the potential of
May 1994 SOUTH MACOMB DISPOSAL
AUTHORITY (LANDFILLS #9 AND #9A)
-------
exposure to contaminants from the South Macomb Disposal Authority (Landfills #9 and
#9A) site while plans for final cleanup are being formulated.
Site Repository
Macomb County Library, 16480 Hall Road, Mt. Clemens, MI 48044
SOUTH MACOMB DISPOSAL AUTHORITY May 1994
(LANDFILLS #9 AND #9A)
-------
SOUTHWE
COUNTY LA
MICHIGAN
EPAID# MID980608780\°
Site Description
EPA REGION 5
Ottawa County
Park Township
Other Names:
outh Ottawa Disposal Corporation
The 43-acre Southwest Ottawa County Landfill site operated as a landfill under license by the
State until its closure in 1981. The landfill was constructed by Ottawa County in 1968 and
received solvents, heavy metals, sludge, oils, municipal refuse, and drums containing
unspecified wastes. The site also accepted dewatering sludges and contaminated soils from a
neighboring NPL site called the Waste Management-Holland Lagoons. When the State
closed the site in 1981, it required the County to cover the landfill and to provide hookups to
the municipal water system for the residences with potentially contaminated wells.
Approximately 100 people live within 1/2 mile of the site. The area is rapidly developing and
a new subdivision has been created near the site. Lake Michigan also is approximately 1/2
mile from the site, while Lake Macatawa is approximately 2 miles from the site. Most private
residences with wells potentially contaminated by the landfill leachate have been connected to
the City of Holland water supply.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/30/82
Final Date: 09/08/83
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater is contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs), BEXT
compounds, and heavy metals. The contamination of the subsurface soil below the
landfill is contributing to the groundwater contamination. The primary health
threat of concern is drinking contaminated groundwater or eating plants irrigated
with contaminated groundwater. The site is fenced, therefore minimizing the
potential for derm contact.
May 1994
-------
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in a long-term remedial phase focusing on groundwater cleanup.
Response Action Status
Groundwater: Most of the private residences with wells potentially affected by
the landfill leachate have been connected to the City of Holland water supply. The
County installed a series of extraction wells and an activated carbon adsorption
system. The groundwater restoration system became operational in 1987. Two purge wells
were installed by the County near the landfill, and initially five wells were installed 1/2 mile
from the site to capture residual groundwater contamination. The state monitors the
effectiveness of the groundwater treatment system and has subsequently requested that the
county install 5 additional purge wells to capture breakthrough areas. All pumped and
treated water is discharged under a State permit.
Site Facts: Under a Consent Order, the landfill was closed in 1981. In 1984, a Groundwater
Restoration Agreement between the County and the State resulted in the subsequent
installation of extraction wells and a carbon adsorption water treatment system.
Monitoring wells along the perimeter of the groundwater plume were installed in 1993 and
additional monitoring wells have been require by the State.
Environmental Progress
The provision of an alternate water supply by Ottawa County has eliminated the potential for
exposure to contaminated groundwater near the Southwest Ottawa County Landfill site. The
operation of the groundwater restoration system will continue to reduce groundwater
contamination levels until site cleanup goals are achieved.
Site Repository
Park Township Offices, 52-152nd Avenue, Holland, MI 49424, (616) 399-4520
May 1994 SOUTHWEST OTTAWA COUNTY LANDFILL
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SPARTA LAK^ffc
MICHIGAN
EPAIDtf MID000268136
Site Description
EPA REGION 5
Kent County
Sparta Township
The 27-acre Sparta Landfill site is a closed municipal landfill located approximately one mile
southeast of the Village of Sparta and one-fifth of a mile from the Rogue River. From
about the 1940s until 1972, the Schwab Dump operated about 12 acres of the landfill.
During this time the open dump accepted general, residential, commercial, and solid wastes.
In 1972, Kent County began operation of the Sparta Landfill on property adjacent to the
Schwab Dump. In 1973, Kent County acquired the Schwab Dump property. The licensed
landfill accepted municipal refuse and industrial wastes under Michigan Public Act 87. In
1977, the landfill was closed and a two-foot sand cover was placed. In 1979, the Michigan
Department of Natural Resources (MDNR) detected volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in
on-site monitoring wells and nearby residential wells. Kent County replaced four residential
wells and provided bottled water for other affected homes. Approximately 200 residences are
within a one-half mile radius from the site.
Approximately 15 residences are located directly adjacent to the site. The city of Rockford
municipal supply intakes are on the Rogue approximately ten and three-quarter miles
downstream from the site. The public water supply wells for Sparta are located near a
tributary of the Rogue River approximately two miles upstream from the site.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/30/82
Final Date: 09/08/83
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater is contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and
inorganics. Potential health threats to people include drinking or coming in direct
contact with contaminated water and breathing contaminated water vapors related
to household uses.
May 1994
-------
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: emergency actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Emergency Actions: At the request of the State, Kent County installed deep
wells for four nearby affected residences and provided bottled water for other
affected homes.
Entire Site: The PRPs will conduct an investigation into the nature and extent of
contamination at the site. The investigation will define the contaminants and will
recommend alternatives for final cleanup. It is scheduled to begin in late 1994 and
is expected to be completed in 1995.
Environmental Progress
Providing an alternate source of water to affected residences eliminated the potential of
exposure to contaminated drinking water from the Sparta Landfill site and will continue to
protect residents near this site while investigations are underway and cleanup activities are
being planned.
Site Repository
Sparta Township Library, 80 North Union, Sparta, Michigan 49345
May 1994
SPARTA LANDFILL
-------
SPARTAN CHEMICAL
COMPANY
MICHIGAN
EPA ID# MID079300125
EPA REGION 5
Kent County
Wyoming
Site Description
The 2-acre Spartan Chemical Company site repackages, blends, and distributes liquid
industrial chemicals. Chemicals are not currently manufactured on site. Prior to 1963, the
company discharged its wastewater to the groundwater. In 1981, five residential wells near the
site were found to be contaminated with volatile organic chemicals (VOCs). In 1975 VOC
contamination was discovered in groundwater during dewatering activities at a nearby facility.
Spartan Chemical was the only known handler of these chemicals in the area at that time.
These wells have been abandoned, and all five residences have been connected to the public
water supply. An underlying clay layer has prevented contamination of deeper aquifers. In
1986, an underground storage tank containing toluene was found to be leaking. The tank has
been emptied and is no longer in use. Approximately 7,200 people, some of whom use private
wells, live within 3 miles of the site. There are residences closer than 1/4 mile. There are no
public water supply wells in this area; public supplies are drawn from Lake Michigan.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and State actions.
NPL USTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/30/82
Final Date: 09/08/83
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater is contaminated with VOCs, primarily from solvent and chemical
discharge spills and leaks. It is believed that there currently are no potential
health threats to people at this site, because disposal of wastewater to the
groundwater stopped in 1963 and all aboveground storage tanks rest on concrete
pads surrounded by containment walls.
May 1994
-------
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two long-term remedial phases focusing on groundwater and
soil cleanup.
Response Action Status
Groundwater: The potentially responsible party conducted a study to identify the
location of groundwater contamination. The party constructed a purge well and an
air stripping groundwater treatment system. The purge well has been operational
since 1987, but is currently non-operational while undergoing design modifications.
Soil: A second purge well was installed off site to assure that groundwater
contamination within the plume would be contained and treated. A second
remedial phase that addresses soil contamination is planned for 1994.
Site Facts: A Consent Order was signed by a potentially responsible party, requiring the
party to conduct a site investigation and clean up the groundwater. The potentially
responsible party has since gone bankrupt and the site has been taken over by the State of
Michigan, with assistance from the U.S. EPA.
Environmental Progress
When operational again the groundwater treatment system will continue to reduce the
potential for exposure to contaminated materials at the Spartan Chemical Company site.
Five underground storage tanks were also removed by the owner of Spartan Chemical
Company under guidance of the State.
Site Repository
Wyoming Public Library, 3350 Michael SW, Wyoming, Michigan 49509
May 1994 SPARTAN CHEMICAL COMPANY
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SPIEGELBE
LANDFILL
MICHIGAN
EPA ID# MID980794481
Site Description
EPA REGION 5
Livingston County
Green Oak Township
The 115-acre Spiegelberg Landfill site is being mined for sand, gravel, and peat deposits.
From 1966 to 1977, the site was used for the disposal of domestic waste, with the main
disposal area located in an abandoned sand and gravel pit. From 1967 to 1978, paint sludge
was dumped in one of the excavations of the gravel pit. The paint sludge area was the site's
major source of contamination. In 1988 to 1989 the paint sludge and underlying soils down to
the groundwater table, were removed and disposed of in a permitted secure landfill. The
Spiegelberg Landfill site is adjacent to Rasmussen's Dump, another NPL site. Several
hundred people live within a mile of the site. More than 18,000 people live within 3 miles of
the landfill and use groundwater as a drinking water source. There are approximately 250
wells within 1 mile of the site. The uncontaminated portion of the site is used for mining of
sand, gravel, peat mining and cattle grazing.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/30/82
Final Date: 09/08/83
Threats and Contaminants
Lead, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and other organics are present in the
groundwater. Soil was contaminated with lead, VOCs and other organics. Potential
health threats to people include accidentally ingesting or coming in direct contact
with contaminated groundwater or soil.
May 1994
-------
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two long-term remedial phases focusing on cleanup of the paint
sludge area and groundwater cleanup.
Response Action Status
Paint Sludge Area: The selected cleanup remedy to address the source of the
contamination included: excavation of waste material; off-site incineration of the
excavated liquid waste material; and disposal of soils into a landfill. The potentially
responsible parties, under EPA monitoring, completed excavation, separation, and
incineration of wastes and landfilling of 58,500 tons of waste and soils in late 1989. This
included removing contaminated soils down to the groundwater in the paint sludge disposal
area and backfilling the area with clean gravel.
Groundwater: In 1990, the State completed an investigation into the nature and
extent of groundwater contamination at the site and recommended alternative
remedies for the final groundwater cleanup. In mid-1990, the EPA chose to pump
and treat groundwater and reinject it to injection wells. The technology for this cleanup
remedy includes chemical precipitation, bioremediation, air stripping, and carbon adsorption,
as necessary. Deed restrictions will be used to restrict access to groundwater. Design of the
selected remedy will be complete in the summer of 1994.
Site Facts: The EPA, the State, and the potentially responsible parties reached an
agreement requiring the parties to clean up the liquid and solid waste at the site.
Environmental Progress
The removal of containers of waste and contaminated soil and incineration of liquid wastes
have reduced the potential for exposure to contaminated materials at the Spiegelberg Landfill
site while groundwater cleanup activities are underway.
Site Repository
Hamburg Library, 7225 Stone Street, Hamburg, MI 48139
May 1994 SPIEGELBERG LANDFILL
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SPRINGFIEL
TOWNSHIP D
MICHIGAN
EPA ID# MID980499966
Site Description
EPA REGION 5
Oakland County
35 miles northwest of Detroit
Other Names:
Oakland County Landfill
The 4-acre Springfield Township Dump was used for chemical waste disposal from 1966 to
1968. Liquid wastes and sludges were dumped into a low area at the site. During this same
period, approximately 1,500 drums of waste materials also were dumped at the site. Drums of
waste materials were stored at various locations throughout the dump. By 1980, 1,500 drums
and 711 tons of contaminated soil were removed from the site by the Michigan Department
of Natural Resources (MDNR). There are 25 residences located within 1 mile of the site,
with the nearest residence located 800 feet from the site.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/30/82
Final Date: 09/08/83
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater is contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and heavy
metals including arsenic and lead. Soil contains polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs),
VOCs, phthalates, pesticides, and heavy metals including arsenic, barium, cadmium,
and lead. PCBs and the pesticide dieldrin were detected in on-site sludge. Health
threats to people stem from direct contact with contaminated soils, inhalation of
contaminated dusts or vapors, or accidental ingestion of contaminated soil or
groundwater.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: initial actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
May 1994
-------
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: A locked gate blocking the access road, warning signs, and a
security fence were installed at the site. Also, the state removed 1,500 drums and
711 tons of polluted soil from the site by 1980.
Entire Site: The EPA and the State completed an investigation into soil and
groundwater contamination at the site in 1990. Based on the results of the
investigation, the EPA selected on-site incineration, solidification, and in-place
vacuum extraction for soil cleanup and extraction and carbon adsorption for groundwater
cleanup. Design of these technologies and additional soil sampling began in 1991.
Groundwater treatment system to be installed and operating by the late summer 1994, by the
PRPs. Site Innovative Technology Evaluation Program on possible alternative technology for
the treatment of PCB contaminated soil.
Environmental Progress
Removing drums and contaminated soil and installing a fence have reduced the potential for
exposure to contaminated materials at the Springfield Township Dump site while final
cleanup activities are being designed. Design for groundwater treatment to be installed and
operating during summer of 1994.
Site Repository
Springfield Township Hall, 650 Broadway Street, Davisburg, MI 48019
May 1994
SPRINGFIELD TOWNSHIP DUMP
-------
STATE DISPQS^t
LANDFILL,
MICHIGAN
EPA ID# MID980609341
Site Description
INC.
EPA REGION 5
Kent County
Plainfield Township
The 30-acre State Disposal Landfill site operated from 1966 to 1972. From 1972 to 1976, the
landfill was owned and operated by Waste Management, Inc. In 1975, the landfill received a
permit from the Michigan Department of Natural Resources (MDNR) to accept general
refuse. Since 1976, Waste Management has maintained the landfill. The landfill was closed in
1977 and now is covered with a layer of clay and equipped with methane gas vents. In 1985,
the MDNR detected volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and heavy metals in monitoring
wells downgradient of the site. Local health officials warned some well owners near the site
to seek an alternative drinking water source. In 1985, Waste Management conducted a
hydrogeological investigation of the site and installed monitoring wells. Approximately 13,000
people obtain drinking water from public and private wells within 3 miles of the site.
Municipal water wells supplying Plainfield Township are 2 miles from the site and have been
affected; however, alternate wells are now being used.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Final Date: 02/21/90
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater is contaminated with VOCs and heavy metals including barium
and nickel. The contaminated groundwater could be hazardous to health through
direct contact or ingestion. The site is fenced, therefore minimizing the potential
for dermal contact from the landfill.
May 1994
-------
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: Between 1989 and 1990, the State extended a permanent
municipal water line to all affected residences. The potentially responsible parties
have installed a security fence at the site.
Entire Site: Waste Management of North America is conducting an investigation,
under State monitoring, to determine the nature and extent of contamination on
the site. The State is conducting an off-site investigation of the contamination
plume. Upon completion of the investigations, scheduled for late 1994, appropriate cleanup
measures will be selected.
Environmental Progress
The extension of the municipal water line has eliminated the potential for residents to be
exposed to contaminated drinking water from the State Disposal Landfill site and will
continue to protect nearby residents while site investigations are underway and cleanup
activities are being planned. A security fence currently restricts access to the site and limits
the potential for contact with contaminated materials.
Site Repository
Plainfield Branch Library, 2650 5 mile Rd., N.E., Grand Rapids, MI 49505, (616)561-0611
May 1994 STATE DISPOSAL LANDFILL, INC.
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STURGIS MU
WELLS
MICHIGAN
EPAID# MID980703011
EPA REGION 5
St. Joseph County
Sturgis
Site Description
Routine sampling by the Michigan Department of Public Health (MDPH) in 1982 revealed
that two of the four municipal wells serving the City of Sturgis were contaminated with
volatile organic compounds (VOCs). These two wells, the Layne well and the Jackson well,
are located on the west side of the City and supplied approximately 1/2 of the total city water
at the time the contamination was detected. The MDPH advised the City of Sturgis to cease
using these wells except during peak demands. Pumping capacity was increased on the two
uncontaminated wells and the residents were advised to reduce their potable water use. In
1983, two production wells at Ross Laboratories, located 2,000 feet northwest of the
municipal wells, revealed VOC contamination. These wells were voluntarily removed from
production and now are being used solely for cooling purposes. The Layne well was
abandoned in 1985. The Jackson well was still used occasionally to verify whether it was
functional for emergency use. In 1985, another municipal well, the Kirsch well, was found to
be contaminated with VOCs. This well subsequently was shut down. Of the four original
municipal wells, only the OakJawn well remains uncontaminated. Approximately 10,000 people
live within the City of Sturgis, the majority of whom are served by the municipal water
distribution system. The City currently relies on the Oaklawn well and two new wells to meet
its water needs.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through a
combination of Federal, State, and
potentially responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 09/08/83
Final Date: 09/21/84
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater is contaminated with VOCs including trichloroethylene (TCE)
and perchloroethylene (PCE) compounds. TCE, PCE, and other VOC compounds
have been detected in the soil. Direct contact with or accidental ingestion of the
contaminated groundwater and soil poses ;i potential health threat.
May 1994
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in a long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the entire
site.
Response Action Status
Entire Site: The Michigan Department of Natural Resources (MDNR)
conducted an investigation to determine the nature and extent of contamination.
The investigation consisted of groundwater monitoring, well installation,
groundwater quality sampling, and soil gas testing. The final cleanup remedy was selected in
1991 and includes: groundwater extraction; groundwater treatment through air stripping; soil
vapor extraction of the VOCs; and excavation and disposal of any remaining contaminated
soil at a Federally approved facility. Construction of an interim groundwater extraction and
treatment system was completed in April 1994, by the potentially responsible parties. The
interim system is currently operational and functional. The interim system consists of one
high capacity extraction well (2500 gallons per minute) located around the area where the
highest concentrations of VOCs were detected in groundwater and groundwater treatment
through air stripping with treatment of off gases with granular activated carbon (GAC). This
interim system will protect the municipal water supply and contain the plume until the final
groundwater cleanup remedy is designed and fully implemented. Work remaining to complete
the requirements of the ROD includes soils remediation, an additional groundwater
investigation, and possible additional groundwater remediation. This work is being conducted
by the MDNR with Federal money and is currently in the design phase. This design phase is
expected to be completed by late 1995.
Environmental Progress
By constructing an interim groundwater extraction and treatment system, the majority of
groundwater contamination is expected to be contained. In addition, the interim system will
aid in the protection of the municipal water supply and be a starting point for implementation
of the remainder of the final remedy.
Site Repository
Sturgis City Library, 130 North Nottawa, Sturgis, MI 49091
May 1994 STURGIS MUNICIPAL WELLS
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TAR LAKE
MICHIGAN
EPA ID# MID980794635
EPA REGION 5
Antrim County
Mancelona Township
Other Names:
Gulf and Western Antrim Property (Tar
Lake)
Antrim Iron Works
Site Description
The 200-acre Tar Lake site contains the structural remains of various manufacturing
companies that produced iron. A secondary manufacturing process produced a waste similar
to stillbottoms, which was discharged into a depression on site. Operations ceased in 1944. As
long ago as 1949, groundwater contamination by phenolic compounds had been documented
as far as 3 miles from the site. A fence has been installed around the site. The total
population served by well water in a 3-mile radius of the site is approximately 3,000; about
800 people are served by private wells, and the rest receive municipal water. The municipal
wells are located 1 mile from the site.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/30/82
Final Date: 09/08/83
Threats and Contaminants
Phenols and lead have been detected in the groundwater. Phenols and heavy
metals including iron, lead, nickel, chromium, and copper have been detected in
the sludge. Sludges pose acute health hazards through direct contact. The
contaminated groundwater on-site poses a health hazard through direct contact or
ingestion. Sampling of the residential wells has not detected any of the
contaminants despite taste and odor problems.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in a long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the entire
site.
May 1994
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Response Action Status
Entire Site: The Fifty-sixth Century Antrim Iron Company was conducting a study
to determine the nature and extent of site contamination. In 1990, the site was
divided into two operable units, one addressing source control and the other
addressing groundwater. In 1992, a Record of Decision was signed for the first operable unit.
The remedy incudes excavation of the tar and contaminated soil and consolidation in on-site
RCRA containment cells. In addition, a groundwater containment system is to be installed to
keep the plume from migrating further. The potentially responsible parties are currently
designing the remedy.
Site Facts: In 1986, the EPA issued an Administrative Order to the Fifty-Sixth Century
Antrim Iron Company to conduct the site study and to identify steps necessary to clean up
the site.
Environmental Progress
After adding this site to the NPL, the EPA performed preliminary investigations and
determined that no immediate actions were required at the Tar Lake site while studies are
taking place and cleanup activities are being planned.
Site Repository
Mancelona Public Library, 202 West State Street, Mancelona, MI 49659
May 1994
TAR LAKE
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THERMO-CH
MICHIGAN
EPA ID# MID044567162
Site Description
EPA REGION 5
Muskegon County
Egleston Township
Thermo-Chem, Inc. was involved in solvent reprocessing and liquid waste disposal on this 10-
acre site near Muskegon. Thermo-Chem, Inc. began operating in 1969 and continued until
1980. The company received paint waste, antifreeze waste, and spent halogenated and non-
halogenated solvents. Distillation was used to regenerate usable solvents, and resulting
sludges and residues were incinerated at the site. In addition, materials that were unsuitable
for processing reportedly were incinerated at the site. Wastewater generated during the
distillation processes and equipment cleaning was discharged into a series of three
interconnected seepage pits. Two of the seepage pits were unlined, and the other was lined
with clay to contain spills and contaminated wastes. All drums and bulk liquid wastes were
removed from the site by late 1982. There are no available records documenting on-site
disposal of hazardous materials. The process used for disposition of incinerator ash is not
known. In 1991, the decision was made to include the 1 1/2-acre Thomas-Solvent property in
the site, which is located adjacent to Thermo-Chem, Inc. and is contaminated with similar
wastes. Black Creek, which flows into Mona Lake, is only 2,000 feet away from the site.
Approximately 10,000 people live within a 3-mile radius of the site. The entire population in
this area is served by groundwater either from community wells or private wells. A new
mobile home park is under construction less than 1/2 mile from the Thermo-Chem site. The
water supply for the park will come from four wells drilled to a depth of 80 feet.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 06/10/86
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater, soil, and on-site sludges are contaminated with volatile organic
compounds (VOCs) including trichloroethylene (TCE), toluene, and xylene. The
contaminated groundwater and the soil pose a health hazard through direct
contact or ingestion. Surface drainage from the site is poor, and the permeable
sand that exists below the site facilitates the movement of contaminants into the
groundwater. Contaminants from the site could reach Black Creek and Mona
Lake.
May 1994
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in three stages: immediate actions and two long-term remedial
phases focusing on cleanup of on-site soils, sludges, and groundwater, and cleanup of Black
Creek and the groundwater south of Black Creek. Design is now being conducted by the
Arm Corps of Engineers for on-site soils, sludges and groundwater. Black Creek and
groundwater south of Black Creek are being further investigated.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: After a spill occurred in 1987, the EPA sampled, tested,
and removed lab wastes. A security fence was installed around 8 acres of the site
in 1989. In early 1991, 16 underground storage tanks were removed from this site.
On-Site Soils, Sludges, and Groundwater: The parties potentially responsible
for the site contamination conducted an investigation to determine the nature and
the extent of the contamination. In 1991, the final cleanup remedy was selected,
which calls for fence installation; demolition of buildings and storage tanks; soil excavation
and off-site incineration of highly contaminated soil and in-situ vapor extraction of less
contaminated soil; groundwater extraction and treatment using filtration, air stripping, metal
precipitation, and pH adjustments; discharge of treated groundwater to the Black Creek;
groundwater monitoring; and soil testing underneath the demolished buildings and storage
tanks. Design of the remedies began in September 1992.
Black Creek and Groundwater South of Black Creek: The potentially
responsible parties are carrying out an investigation to determine the nature and
extent of contamination in this area.
Site Facts: A Consent Order was signed in 1987 between the EPA and a committee
composed of the potentially responsible parties. The committee assumed responsibility for
conducting a site investigation and recommending methods that could be used to clean up the
site.
Environmental Progress
By removing contaminated soil from the spill area, fencing the Thermo-Chem property, and
removing underground storage tanks, the EPA has reduced the potential for direct contact
with hazardous materials while final cleanup activities are being planned for groundwater,
soil, and sludge contamination, and further investigations addressing contamination of Black
Creek are taking place.
May 1994 THERMO-CHEM, INC.
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Site Repository
Hackley Public Library, 316 W. Webster, Muskegon, MI 49440
Egelston Township Hall, 5382 Apple Avenue, Muskegon, MI 49440
THERMO-CHEM, INC.
May 1994
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TORCH LA
MICHIGAN
EPAID# MID980901946
EPA REGION 5
Houghton County
Keweenaw Waterway
Site Description
Torch Lake is a 2,700-acre lake located in the Keweenaw Waterway in Michigan's Upper
Peninsula. Copper mining activities in the area from the 1890s until 1969 produced mill
tailings that contaminated the lake sediments and shoreline. About 200 million tons of copper
mill tailings were dumped into the lake. The contaminated sediments are believed to be 70
feet thick in some areas, and surficial sediments contain up to 2,000 parts per million of
copper. The tailings deposited in the lake and on the shoreline were dredged up during the
early part of the 1900s and were processed with flotation chemicals to reclaim copper. The
tailings and much of the flotation chemicals were returned to the lake and the shoreline. The
lake also has received mine pumpage, leaching chemicals, explosive residues and by-products,
municipal and industrial trash, and sanitary wastes. In 1972, an estimated 27,000 gallons of
cupric ammonium carbonate were released into the lake from storage vats. Barrels have been
found at several sites along the shoreline of the lake. The only active industry on the Torch
Lake shoreline is the Peninsula Copper Company, which reclaims copper oxide from scrap
electronic circuit boards. During the early 1980s, the company dumped processing water
containing 2,400 times the local sewage authority's allowable limits for copper and 100 times
the limit for ammonia into the Tamarack lagoon system. Recently, the Michigan Department
of Natural Resources (MDNR) funded a plan to monitor the lake and to restock fish
populations. The population within a mile of the lake is approximately 4,000. Most of the
drinking water in the area comes from springs or a municipal well located 1/4 mile north of
the lake, near the Trap Rock River. A public boat launch, beach, and park have been built
on the northern shore of Torch Lake near the Village of Lake Linden.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 06/10/86
May 1994
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Threats and Contaminants
The sediments and surface water are contaminated with copper and cupric
ammonium carbonate. The contaminated sediments and surface water pose a
health hazard through direct contact or ingestion. The Michigan Department of
Health issued a fish consumption advisory, since the contaminants already have
affected the lake's fish and aquatic vegetation. There also is concern about the
physical hazards present on the site. These include abandoned buildings, old
machinery and equipment, and other discarded metal objects such as rusting
barrels, which can be found on the shoreline and in the water.
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in four stages: immediate actions and three long-term remedial
phases focusing on cleanup of on-site tailings and slag piles, cleanup of surface water,
sediment, and groundwater, and cleanup of other tailings and slag piles.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: The EPA began field investigation activities in 1988 at
Torch Lake to determine the nature and extent of contamination. A geophysical
survey was conducted to locate drums buried in the tailings piles on the western
shore of Torch Lake and at the bottom of the lake. Approximately 20 drums were located on
the surface, and samples were taken to determine if the drums contained any toxic materials.
In 1990, 12 additional drum locations were excavated and sampled. As a result of the test
samples, the EPA removed the contaminated drums from the lake as well as contaminated
soil beneath the drums.
On-Site Tailings/Slag Piles: In 1990, the EPA completed field work involving a
Bathymetric survey to locate submerged tailings and slag piles on the shore of
Torch Lake. These data were used to study the nature and extent of
contamination and to identify cleanup alternatives. In 1992, EPA selected a remedy which
calls for these piles to be covered with soil vegetated. Design of this remedy will begin in
summer 1994.
Surface Water, Sediment, and Groundwater: In 1992, the EPA completed
sampling surface water, sediment, and groundwater underlying all tailings piles.
Using the sampling results, the EPA, in early 1994, selected a "No Action" remedy
for surface water, sediments, and groundwater.
Other Tailings/Slag Piles: In 1992, the EPA completed an investigation
exploring the nature and extent of other tailings and slag piles located on the
peninsula. Based on these sampling results, EPA selected a remedy which calls for
these piles to be covered wit soil and vegetated. Design of this remedy will begin in Summer
1994.
May 1994 TORCH LAKE
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Environmental Progress
The removal of contaminated drums and soil has reduced the potential for exposure to
hazardous wastes at the Torch Lake site while investigations are taking place and cleanup
activities are being planned.
Site Repository
Portage Lake District Library, 105 Huron Street, Houghton, MI 49931
TORCH LAKE
May 1994
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U.S. AVIEX
MICHIGAN
EPA ID# MID98079455
EPA REGION 5
Cass County
Howard Township
Site Description
U.S. Aviex manufactured non-lubricating automotive fluids at its 2-acre Huntly Road Plant in
Howard Township from the early 1960s until 1978. Although the plant is no longer in
operation, some buildings are used for storage purposes. In 1972, an underground pipeline
containing dimethyl ether was broken during excavation on the southeastern side of the plant.
Within 3 to 4 months, low levels of ether had been detected in nearby residential wells. A fire
in 1978 also contributed to groundwater contamination in the area. Thousands of gallons of
water were used to extinguish the fire over a 2-day period. Barrels and indoor tanks of stored
chemicals ruptured during the blaze. Their contents either were consumed in the fire or
washed from the plant into unpaved areas, and subsequently, into the groundwater. Following
the fire, residential wells were found to contain low levels of the organic liquids believed to
have been released from the plant. Throughout the 1970s and early to mid-1980s, the
Michigan Department of Natural Resources (MDNR) and the Michigan Department of
Public Health (MDPH) collected samples from on-site and neighborhood wells. Numerous
single-family homes are located near the plant. The nearest houses are located within 100
feet of the property. All residences have their own water supply wells. Farming and
manufacturing are the major occupations in the area surrounding the site. The closest
agricultural activity is located about 1/2 mile southeast of the site. An airport, a sewage
treatment lagoon, and various light industries are approximately 1 mile to the west of the site.
There are 3 schools located about 2 miles from the site.
Site Responsibility: This site is now being addressed
through Federal and State actions.
NPL USTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/30/82
Final Date: 09/08/83
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater and soil are contaminated with volatile organic compounds
(VOCs). Direct contact with or ingestion of ihe contaminated groundwater and
soil pose a potential health risk. Inhaling contaminated vapors from the
groundwater or soil also could cause adverse health effects.
May 1994
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: From 1973 to 1987, U.S. Aviex has provided bottled water
to 32 homes with contaminated drinking water wells. U.S. Aviex also installed two
new wells. In 1983, following a groundwater investigation an on-site groundwater
treatment program began. This program involves pumping groundwater out of the
contaminated aquifer, treating the water by air stripping, and discharging the treated water
into the St. Joseph's River system. In 1987 a State funded alternate water supply was
completed.
Entire Site: In 1988, the EPA selected the following methods to clean up the site:
soil flushing of approximately 11,500 cubic yards of contaminated on-site soil and
collection of on- and off-site groundwater and fluids from the soil flushing process,
with on-site treatment by air stripping. Cleanup activities began in 1991. Construction was
completed at the site September 1993.
Site Facts: In early 1982, the State filed a suit against U.S. Aviex. The company was
ordered to conduct a pump test as a first step to investigate and clean the contaminated
groundwater. In 1986, U.S. Aviex filed for bankruptcy. EPA and the State have funded
subsequent work.
Environmental Progress
By providing local residents with a safe drinking water source and treating polluted
groundwater, the federal and state government has reduced the potential for exposure to
contaminated groundwater. The operation of the groundwater treatment system will continue
to protect nearby residents and the environment from the contamination at the U.S. Aviex
site while final cleanup activities are underway.
Site Repository
Howard Township Hall, 1345 Barren Lake Road, Niles, MI 49120
May 1994 U.S. AVIEX
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VELSICOL C
CORP.
(MICHIGAN)
MICHIGAN
EPA ID# MID000722439
Site Description
EPA REGION 5
Gratiot County
St. Louis
The Velsicol Chemical Corp. (Michigan) site consists of 50 acres in St. Louis. The site was
used by other companies from the mid-1800s to 1936, including a lumber mill oil refinery, and
chemical plant. Located on the site were two injection disposal wells, a dredge pond, a
lagoon, a radioactive waste disposal area, and one or more drum storage areas. In 1974, the
Michigan Department of Public Health (MDPH) issued a fish consumption advisory for the
Pine River downstream of the site. Fish kills occurred as late as 1979, and a red leachate was
observed oozing into the river from the site. The population within 1 mile of the site is
approximately 4,100. The nearest residence is less than 500 feet away. The Pine River is used
for fishing, boating, swimming, and other recreational purposes. Water for drinking and other
purposes is supplied from six municipal wells located to the east and southeast of the site,
with the nearest well being about 1,500 feet away. The site is located adjacent to the Pine
River.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/30/82
Final Date: 09/08/83
Threats and Contaminants
On-site groundwater was contaminated with DDt, chlorobenzene, carbon
tetrachloride, trichloroethylene and other chlorinated compounds. On-site soil
samples revealed contamination with poly brominated biphenyls, copper, chromium,
zinc and mg. Potential risks existed for people who ate contaminated fish and
wildlife from the area of the site. The sediments of the Pine River were also
contaminated with similar contaminants through soil erosion from the site. Surface
waters did not show any significant impacts.
May 1994
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in a long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the entire
site.
Response Action Status
Entire Site: In 1982, the following cleanup technologies were selected: demolition,
salvage, and removal of building materials and scrap; construction of a 2-foot-thick
slurry wall groundwater containment system; construction of a clay cap; operation
of a groundwater collection system with deep well injection; and implementation of a long-
term maintenance and monitoring program. Between 1983 and 1984, containment activities,
including capping the site and constructing a shallow groundwater cut-off wall, were
conducted. In 1984 and 1985, the site was fenced and warning signs were posted to limit
access. The State is overseeing maintenance and monitoring operations. In addition, the EPA
investigated the deep aquifer and installed six deep monitoring wells and one shallow well in
1992. This investigation found that the site had not impacted off-site groundwater in both the
shallow and deep aquifers. Monitoring will continue to ensure the long-term effectiveness of
the remedies. All construction is now complete and the site is scheduled to be deleted from
the NPL in late 1994.
Site Facts: A Consent Agreement was signed in 1982 between the Michigan Department of
Natural Resources and Velsicol Chemical Corp. for the company to conduct the site cleanup.
Environmental Progress
By capping the site, installing a fence, posting warning signs, and building a system to prevent
the movement of contaminated groundwater off the site, the potential for direct exposure to
hazardous materials from the Velsicol Chemical Corp. (Michigan) site has been reduced. The
site is being closely monitored to ensure the effectiveness of the cleanup remedies.
Site Repository
TA Cutler Memorial Library, 110 West Sahinaw, St. Louis, MI 48880
May 1994 VELSICOL CHEMICAL CORP. (MICHIGAN)
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VERONA WE
MICHIGAN
EPA ID# MID980793806
EPA REGION 5
Calhoun County
Battle Creek
Other Names:
attle Creek Verona Well Field
Site Description
The Verona Well Field, in the northeastern corner of Battle Creek, covers 160 acres and
consists of over 30 wells. During 1981, the Calhoun County Health Department discovered
that the Verona Well Field, which supplies potable water to an estimated 53,500 residents
and a variety of businesses, was contaminated with tricholoroethylene (TCE) and other
volatile hydrocarbons. In 1984, the EPA & MDNR undertook a program to halt the spread
of contamination. Three additional drinking water wells were drilled north of the existing well
field, 12 blocking wells (six being used) were converted to pump the water to a treatment
system in order to create a hydrologic barrier to the advancing contaminant plume. By fall
1984, the actions had raised the number of clean wells to 13, and a sufficient quantity of
potable water to fulfill the maximum municipal demand was ensured.
Site Responsibility:
The site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 07/16/82
Final Date: 09/08/83
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater is contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including
perchloroethylene (PCE), TCE, toluene, xylene, and vinyl chloride. There presently
is limited threat of exposure to VOCs from the site. The City's drinking water is
supplied from wells that are not contaminated. Source areas have been fenced.
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in three stages: immediate actions and two long-term remedial
phases focusing on cleanup of the three source areas.
May 1994
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Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1983, bottled water and portable showers were provided
to residences and businesses east of the Battle Creek River and west of the
railroad yard until water main connections from the city system were completed.
In 1984, a purge system was installed to prevent any further migration of contaminants into
the northern portion of the field. A pump house was constructed and safety lights and a high-
water alarm were installed. Water from these blocking wells is pumped to an air
stripper/carbon adsorption system, which removes the VOCs prior to discharge of the treated
water into the Battle Creek River.
Source Remediation: The following cleanup methods were implemented for the
Thomas Solvent Raymond Road source area: construction of a groundwater
extraction well system to contain and collect contaminated groundwater in the
vicinity of the Raymond Road facility; extraction and treatment of contaminated groundwater
at the existing well field air stripping facility; installation of soil vapor extraction wells to
enhance the vaporization of VOCs from the contaminated soils; and continued maintenance
of the groundwater extraction system. The soil vapor extraction system is scheduled for
completed in 1992.
Final Remedy: An investigation was conducted by the EPA to explore the
nature and extent of contamination at two other contaminated source areas. The
EPA selected the final cleanup approach and technologies in mid-1991. The
remedies selected were soil vapor extraction at the two source areas, groundwater extraction
at these areas and the construction of a second blocking well line at the main wellfield.
To date, the SVE systems have been installed and are operating and the groundwater
extraction and treatment systems are currently being designed.
Site Facts: In March 1984, Thomas Solvent Company was ordered to immediately install
and operate a purge well and treatment system. In April 1984, Thomas Solvent Company
filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy. In 1992, PRPs ordered to design, construct and operate
final remedy.
Environmental Progress
The provision of an alternate water supply and the installation of a groundwater treatment
system have reduced the potential for exposure to contaminated groundwater from the
Verona Well Field site while final cleanup actions are underway.
Site Repository
Willard Library, 7 West Van Buren Street, Battle Creek. MI 49017
May 1994 VERONA WELL FIELD
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WASH KING
MICHIGAN
EPA ID# MID98070124I?
Site Description
EPA REGION 5
Lake County
Pleasant Plains Township
The Wash King Laundry is located on a 2-acre site in Pleasant Plains Township and was in
operation between 1962 and 1991 as a coin-operated laundry. The operation also included
dry cleaning. Site operations ceased in 1991 when the site owner declared bankruptcy. In
1962, Wash King Laundry was granted permission to discharge soapy laundry wastewater to
nearby seepage lagoons that had been constructed for this purpose. During the 1960s and
early 1970s, the area experienced increasing development, and many seasonal homes were
constructed in the vicinity. Pollution of the groundwater by laundry detergent wastes was first
detected in 1973. Dry cleaning solvents, particularly perchloroethylene (PCE), were
discharged to the wastewater lagoons in the 1970s. In 1977, PCE contamination of
groundwater was also detected, and in 1978, Wash King Laundry agreed to cease all dry
cleaning operations. In 1979, it was determined that approximately 30 domestic water supplies
northeast of the laundromat were contaminated with PCE. Housing in the area consists of
mobile homes, trailers, and cottages, most of which are utilized on a seasonal basis.
Only three residences in the immediate vicinity of the site are occupied on a year-round basis.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/30/82
Final Date: 09/08/83
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater is contaminated with PCE, phosphorus, sodium, and chloride.
Lagoons used for laundry discharge and minor amounts of sludge contain similar
pesticides, lead, and arsenic contaminants as those in the groundwater. Drinking or
coming into direct contact with contaminated groundwater or lagoon sediments
may pose a health risk.
May 1994
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1984, the Wash King Laundry owner installed a public
water supply system to serve the affected homes and commercial establishments in
the area.
Entire Site: The State conducted an investigation to determine the extent and
source of contamination. In 1991, the State completed the remedial investigation.
A plume of contaminated groundwater is moving northward toward the Pere
Marquette River. Contaminated sediments associated with seepage lagoons formerly used on
the site have been identified as sources of contamination. In March 1993, EPA and MDNR
co-signed a Record of Decision calling for the excavation of contaminated soils and pump
and treat efforts to control contaminated groundwater.
Site Facts: In 1978, a court agreement was reached, under which Wash King Laundry
agreed to cease all dry cleaning operations and eliminate all sources of PCE contamination at
the facility.
Environmental Progress
By providing a safe drinking water source to the affected homes and businesses near the
Wash King Laundry site, the party potentially responsible for contamination has reduced the
potential for exposure to contaminated groundwater. In September 1993, and MDR entered
into a Cooperative Agreement whereby EPA would fund State Remedial Design efforts
February 1994, MDNR selected a remedial design contractor.
Site Repository
Pathfinder Community Library, 812 Michigan Avenue, Baldwin, MI 49304
May 1994 WASH KING LAUNDRY
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WASTE MANAI
OF MICHIGAN
(HOLLAND LAGOO
MICHIGAN
EPA ID# MID060179587
Site Description
EPA REGION 5
Ottawa County
North of Holland
Other Names:
Jacobusses Refuse Service
The 180 acre Waste Management of Michigan (Holland Lagoons) site north of Holland.
Originally, Jacobusses Refuse Service used the landfill as a open burning dump. From 1971
to 1979 the site was used for dewatering liquid industrial wastes, including aluminum and
metallic hydroxides and activated sludge residues. The dewatering lagoons occupied
approximately 15 acres of the site. Forty-three 55-gallon drums of wastes were removed intact
in 1980. All dewatering sludges and on-site contaminated soils have been transferred to the
Southwest Ottawa County Landfill (SWOCL), an adjacent NPL site that is now closed. An
active landfill was operated at the site in the late 1960s; currently, partially buried refuse is
scattered across the surface. The estimated population living within 1/2 mile of the site
approximately 100 people. However, the area is rapidly developing, and a new subdivision has
been created near the site. Holland State Park, a popular summer vacation and recreation
spot, lies less than 3 miles to the southwest of the site.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 06/10/86
Threats and Contaminants
Initial sampling indicated groundwater was contaminated with volatile organic
compounds (VOCs) including toluene, benzene, trichloroethylene (TCE), and vinyl
chloride and the heavy metal cadmium. People could have been exposed to
contaminants through accidental ingestion of or direct contact with contaminated
water. The site has been fenced, therefore minimizing the potential for dermal
contact with potentially contaminated on-site soils.
May 1994
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: initial actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: In 1980, 43 55-gallon drums of waste were removed from the
site. In addition, dewatering sludges and contaminated soils were removed.
Perimeter sampling around the on-site gymnastics building was completed to make
sure public health was not threaten.
Entire Site: The State and the potentially responsible parties are developing a
work plan for the Phase I remedial investigation to include groundwater, soil and
air monitoring. A geographical survey was conducted to fence construction so that
the fencing would not interfere with geophysical instrument reading.
Environmental Progress -f.
The removal of on-site drums, sludges, and soils in 1980 eliminated the potential threat to
area residents and the environment. The EPA, the Michigan Department of Natural
Resources, and Waste Management of Michigan are cooperating in efforts to conduct an
remedial investigation for the site.
Site Repository
Park Township Building, 52-152nd Avenue, Holland, MI 79727
May 1994 WASTE MANAGEMENT OF MICHIGAN
(HOLLAND LAGOONS)
-------
WHITEHALL
WELLS
MICHIGAN
EPAID#MID980701254
Site Description
EPA REGION 5
Muskegon County
Northeast portion of Whitehall
Other Names:
Funnel Field Well #3
Municipal Well #3
The Whitehall Municipal Wells site is located in the northeastern section of Whitehall. The
site is in Funnel Field, north of Colby Street and south of the ravine and backwaters of the
White River. In 1980, as a result of a routine quarterly sampling of the City's water supply,
an organic solvent was detected in the water. Further testing showed that the source of the
contamination was Well 3. In early 1981, the City took Well 3 off line and increased pumpage
rates in Wells 2, 4, and 5 in order to provide adequate water for the city. The City later
brought Well 6 on line to increase the normal water supply and decided to permanently close
Well 3. Sampling of residential wells in 1982 indicated contamination of those wells with
volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Affected residences were connected to the city water
supply. Further investigation indicated that the source of the residential well and groundwater
contamination was not related to Well 3. Approximately 3,000 people live in the City of
Whitehall, and about 20 residences still rely on their private wells for potable water.
Site Responsibility: This site was addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL USTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/30/82
Final Date: 09/21/84
Deleted Date: 02/11/91
Threats and Contaminants
Well 3 and surrounding monitoring wells have shown only minimal levels of
contaminants, or none at all, since 1982. Contaminants found in the groundwater
in the past have included perchloroethylene (PCE), trichloroethylene (TCE), and
chloroform. Accidental ingestion of, inhalation of, or direct contact with
contaminated water may have posed a health threat.
Cleanup Approach
The site was addressed in a long-term remedial phase directed at cleanup of the entire site.
May 1994
-------
Response Action Status
Entire Site: Well #3 was closed in 1981 and Well #6 was brought on line to
increase the water supply. Residences that were affected by contaminated
groundwater were connected to the city water supply. An investigation and risk
assessment indicated there was no further public health risk involved with the site. As a result
of the closing of Well 3. Therefore, no further cleanup action was recommended. The
Michigan Department of Public Health will continue its routine sampling of the city water
supply to ensure its long-term safety. This site was deleted from the NPL in early 1991.
Site Facts: In 1985, the EPA issued a Consent Order to Sheilcast, Inc. and White Lake
Landfill, Inc., requiring them to install and sample monitoring wells and to provide a potable
water supply line to residents whose water supplies were threatened by hazardous substances
in the groundwater.
Environmental Progress
Closing Well 3 eliminated the potential for exposure to hazardous materials at the Whitehall
Municipal Wells site. The State is continuing to sample and monitor the groundwater to
ensure continued protection of nearby residents and the environment.
Site Repository
Whitehall City Library, 414 East Spring Street
Whitehall, MI 49461
May 1994 WHITEHALL MUNICIPAL WELLS
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GLOSSARY
Terms Used in the NPL Book
This glossary defines terms used throughout the NPL Volumes. The terms and
abbreviations contained in this glossary apply specifically to work pet-formed
under the Superfund program in the context of hazardous waste management. These
terms may have other meanings when used in a different context. A table of common
toxic chemicals found at NPL sites, their sources, and their potential threats is located
on page G-15
Acids: Substances, characterized by low pH
(less than 7.0). that are used in chemical manu-
facturing. Acids in high concentration can be
very corrosive and react with many inorganic
and organic substances. These reactions possi-
bly may create toxic compounds or release
heavy metal contaminants that remain in the
environment long after the acid is neutralized.
Administrative Order On Consent: A
legal and enforceable agreement between the
EPA and the ponies potentially responsible tor
site contamination. Under the terms of the
Order, the potentially responsible panics (PRPs)
agree to perform or pay for site studies or
cleanups. It also describes the oversight rules.
responsibilities, and enforcement options that
the government may exercise in the event of
non-compliance by potentially responsible
parties. This Order is signed by PRPs and the
government: it does not require approval by a
judge.
Administrative Order [Unilateral]: A
legally binding document issued by the EPA.
directing the parties potentially responsible to
perform site cleanups or studies (generally, the
EPA does not issue Unilateral Orders for site
studies). This type of Order is not signed by the
PRPs and does not require approval by a judge.
Aeration: A process that promotes breakdown
of contaminants in soil or water by exposing
them to air.
Agency for Toxic Substances and Dis-
ease Registry (ATSDR): The Federal
agency within the U.S. Public Health Service
charged with carrying out the health-related
responsibilities of CERCLA.
Air Stripping: A process whereby volatile
organic chemicals (VOCs) are removed from
contaminated material by forcing a stream of air
through the contaminated material in a pressur-
ized vessel. The contaminants are evaporated
into the air stream. The air may be further
treated before it is released into the atmosphere.
Ambient Air: Anyunconfinedpartofthe
atmosphere. Refers to the air that may be
inhaled by workers or residents in the vicinity of
contaminated air sources.
Applicable or Relevant and Appropriate
Requirements (ARARs): Federal State, or
local laws which apply to Superfund activities at
NPL sites. Both emergency and long-term
actions must comply with these laws or provide
sound reasons for allowing a waiver. ARARs
must be identified for each site relative to the
characteristics of the site, the substances found
at the site, or the cleanup alternatives being
considered for the site.
-------
GLOSSARY
properties, which increase cleaning efficiency.
However, these properties also cause chemical
reactions that increase the hazard to human
health and the environment.
Carbon Treatment: [see Carbon Adsorp-
tion).
Cell: In solid waste disposal, one of a series of
holes in a landfill where waste is dumped.
compacted, and covered with layers of dirt.
CERCLA: (see Comprehensive Environmen-
tal Response. Compensation, and Liability Act|.
Characterization: The sampling, monitoring.
and analysis of a site to determine the extent and
nature of toxic releases. Characterization
provides the basis for acquiring the necessary
technical information to develop, screen, ana-
lyze, and select appropriate cleanup techniques.
Chemical Rxation: The use of chemicals to
bind contaminants, thereby reducing the poten-
tial for leaching or other movement.
Chromated Copper Arsenate: An insecti-
cide/herbicide formed from salts of three toxic
metals: copper, chromium, and arsenic. This
salt is used extensively as a wood preservative
in pressure-treating operations. It is highly toxic
and water-soluble making it a relatively mobile
contaminant in the environment
Cleanup: Actions taken to eliminate a release
or threat of release of a hazardous substance.
The term "cleanup" sometimes is used inter-
changeably with the terms remedial action.
removal action, response action, or corrective
action.
Closure: The process by which a landfill stops
accepting wastes and is shut down under Federal
guidelines mat ensure the protection of the
public and the environment.
Comment Period: A tpecific interval during
which the public can review and comment on
various documents and EPA actions related to
site cleanup. For example, a comment period is
provided when the EPA proposes to add sites to
the NPL. Also, there Is minimum 5-week
comment period for community members to
review and comment on the remedy proposed to
clean up a site.
Community Relations: The EPA effort to
establish and maintain two-way communication
with the public. The goals of community
relations programs include creating an under-
standing of EPA programs and related actions.
assuring public input into decision-making
processes related to affected communities, and
making certain that the Agency is aware of. and
responsive to. public concerns. Specific com-
munity relations activities are required in
relation to Superfund cleanup actions [see
Comment Period].
Comprehensive Environmental Re-
sponse, Compensation, and Liability
Act (CERCLA): Congress enacted the
CERCLA. known a* Superfund. in 19X0 to
respond directly to hazardous waste problems
that may pose a threat to the public health and
the environment The EPA administers the
Superfund program.
Confluence: The place where two bodies of
water, such as streams or rivers, come together.
Confined Aquifer: An aquifer in which
groundwater is confined under pressure that is
significantly greater than atmospheric pressure.
-------
GLOSSARY
Dike: A low wuil chat can act as a barrier to
prevent a spill from spreading.
Dioxin: An organic chemical by-product or
pesticide manufacture which is known to be one
of the most toxic man-made chemicals.
Disposal: Final placement or destruction of
toxic, radioactive, or other wastes; surplus or
banned pesticides or other chemicals: polluted
soils: and drums containing hazardous materials.
Disposal may be accomplished through the use
of approved secure landfills, surface impound-
ments, land farming, deep well injection, or
incineration.
Downgradient: A downward hydrolouic
slope that causes groundwater to move toward
lower elevations. Therefore, wells dtiwn\>nuii-
ent of a contaminated groundwater source are
prone to receiving pollutants.
Ecological Assessment: A study of the
impact of man-made or natural activity on living
creatures and their environment
Effluent: Wastewater. treated or untreated.
that flows out of a treatment plant, sewer, or
industrial outfall. Generally refers to wastes
discharged into surface waters.
Emission: Pollution discharged into the
atmosphere from smokestacks, other vents, and
surface areas of commercial or industrial facili-
ties.
Emulsiflers: Substances that help in mixing
materials that do not normally mix: e.g.. oil and
water.
Endangerment Assessment: A study
conducted to determine the risks posed to public
health or the environment by contamination at
NPL sites. The EPA or the State conducts the
study when a legal action is to be taken to direct
the potentially responsible parties to clean up a
site or pay for the cleanup. An endangerment
assessment supplements an investigation of the
site hazards.
Enforcement: EPA. State, or local legal
actions taken against parties to facilitate
settlements: to compel compliance with laws.
rules, regulations, or agreements: or to obtain
penalties or criminal sanctions for violations.
Enforcement procedures may vary, depending
on the specific requirements of different
environmental laws and related regulatory
requirements. Under CERCLA. for example.
the EPA will seek to require potentially
responsible parties to clean up a Superfund
site or pay for the cleanup [see Cost Recov-
ery).
Erosion: The wearing away of land surface
by wind or water. Erosion occurs naturally
from weather or surface runoff, but can be
intensified by such land-related practices as
farming, residential or industrial develop-
ment, road building, or timber-cutting. Ero-
sion may spread surface contamination to off-
site locations.
Estuary (estuarine): Areas where fresh
water from rivers and salt water from
nearshore ocean waters are mixed. These
areas may include bays, mouths of rivers, salt
marshes, and lagoons. These water ecosys-
tems shelter and feed marine life, birds, and
wildlife.
Evaporation Ponds: Areas where sewage
sludge or other watery wastes are dumped and
allowed to dry out
Feasibility Study: The analysis of the
potential cleanup alternatives for a site. The
feasibility study usually starts as soon as die
remedial investigation is underway. In this
volume, the feasibility study is referred to as a
site study [see also Remedial Investigation].
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GLOSSARY
Hot Spot: An area or vicinity or a site contain-
ing exceptionally high levels or contamination.
Hydrocarbons: Chemical compounds that
consist entirely of hydrogen and carbon.
Hydrology: The properties, distribution, and
circulation of water.
Hydrogeology: The geology of groundwater.
with particular emphasis on the chemistry and
movement of water.
Impoundment: A body of water or sludge
confined by a dam. dike, floodgate, or other
barrier.
Incineration: A group of treatment technolo-
gies involving destruction of waste by controlled
burning at high temperatures, e.g.. burning
sludge to reduce the remaining residues to a
non-burnable ash that can be disposed of safely
on land, in some waters, or in underground
locations.
Infiltration: The movement of water or
other liquid down through soil from precipita-
tion (rain or snow) or from application of
wastewater to the land surface.
Influent: Water, wastewater. or other liquid
flowing into a reservoir, basin, or treatment
plant
Injection Well: A well into which waste
fluids are placed, under pressure, for purposes
of disposal.
Inorganic Chemicals: Chemical sub-
stances of mineral origin, not of basic carbon
structure.
Installation Restoration Program: The
specially funded program established in 197N
under which the Department of Defense has
been identifying and evaluating its hazardous
waste sites and controlling the migration of
hazardous contaminants from those sites.
Intake: The source rrom where a water supply
is drawn, .such js from a river or water body.
Interagency Agreement: A written agree-
ment between the EPA and a Federal agency
that has the lead for site cleanup activities.
setting forth the roles and responsibilities of the
agencies for performing and overseeing the
activities. States often are parties to interagency
agreements.
Interim (Permit) Status: Conditions under
which hazardous waste treatment, storage.
and disposal facilities, that were operating
when regulations under the RCRA became
final in fyX(). are temporarily allowed by the
EPA to continue to operate while awaiting
denial or issuance of a permanent permit. The
facility must comply with certain regulations
to maintain interim status.
Lagoon: A shallow pond or liquid waste
containment structure. Lagoons typically are
used for the storage of wastewaters. sludges.
liquid wastes, or spent nuclear fuel.
Landfarm: To apply waste to land or incor-
porate waste into the surface soil, such as
fertilizer or soil conditioner. This practice
commonly is used for disposal of composted
wastes and sludges.
Landfill: A disposal facility where waste is
placed in or on land. Sanitary landfills are
disposal sites for non-hazardous solid wastes.
The waste is spread in layers, compacted to the
smallest practical volume, and covered with soil
at the end of each operating day. Secure chemi-
cal landfills are disposal sites for hazardous
waste. They are designed to minimize the
chance of release of hazardous substan
; into
die environment [see Resource Conservation
and Recovery Act).
Leach, Leaching [v.LJ: The process by
which soluble chemical components are dis-
solved and carried through soil by water or
some other percolating liquid.
-------
GLOSSARY
The fi( )-day penod may be extended if the EPA
receives a iiood faith offer from the PRPs
within that'period. [See also Good Faith Offer].
On-Scene Coordinator (OSC): The
predesignated EPA. Coast Guard, or Depart-
ment of Defense official who coordinates and
directs Superfund removal actions or Clean
Water Act oil- or hazardous-spill corrective
actions.
Operation and Maintenance: Activities
conducted at a site after a cleanup action is
completed to ensure that the cleanup or
containment system is functioning properly.
Organic Chemicals/Compounds:
Chemical substances containing mainly
carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
Outfall: The place where wastewater is
discharged into receiving waters.
Overpacking: Process used for isolating
large volumes of waste by jacketing or encap-
sulating waste to prevent further spread or
leakage of contaminating materials. Leaking
drums may be contained within oversized
barrels as an interim measure prior to removal
and final disposal.
Pentachlorophenol (PGP): A synthetic.
modified petrochemical that may be used as a
wood preservative because of its toxiciry to
termites and fungi. It is a common component
of creosotes and can cause cancer.
Perched (groundwater): Groundwater
separated from another underlying body of
groundwater by a confining layer, often clay or
rock.
Percolation: The downward flow or filtering
of water or other liquids through subsurface
rock or soil layers, usually continuing down-
ward to groundwater.
Pesticide: A substance or mixture of sub-
stances intended to prevent, destroy, or repel any
pest If misused, pesticides can accumulate in
the foodchain and contaminate the environment.
Petrochemicals: Chemical substances
produced from petroleum in refinery operations
. and as fuel oil residues. These include
fluoranthene. chrysene. mineral spirits, and
refined oils. Petrochemicals are the bases from
which volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
plastics, and many pesticides are made. These
chemical substances often are toxic to humans
and the environment
Phenols: Organic compounds that are used in
plastics manufacturing and are by-products of
petroleum refining, tanning, textile, dye. and
resin manufacturing. Phenols are highly poison-
ous.
Physical Chemical Separation: The
treatment process of adding a chemical to a
substance to separate the compounds for further
treatment or disposal
Pilot Testing: A small-scale test of a pro-
posed treatment system in the field to determine
its ability to clean up specific contaminants.
Plugging: The process of stopping the flow of
water, oil. or gas into or out of the ground
through a borehole or well penetrating the
ground.
Plume: A body of contaminated groundwater
flowing from a specific source. The movement
of the groundwater is influenced by such factors
as local groundwater flow patterns, the character
of the aquifer in which groundwater is con-
tained, and the density of contaminants (see
Migration].
Pollution: Generally, the presence of matter
or energy whose nature. location, or quantity
produces undesixed health or environmental
effects.
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GLOSSARY
Record of Decision (ROD): A public
document thai explains which cleanup
alternative! s) will be used to clean up sites
listed on the NPL. It is based on information
generated during the remedial investigation
and feasibility study and consideration of
public comments and community concerns.
Recovery Wells: Wells used to withdraw
contaminants or contaminated groundwater.
Recycle: The process of minimizing waste
generation by recovering usable products that
might otherwise become waste.
Remedial Action (RA): The actual con-
struction or implementation phase of a
Supertund site cleanup following the remedial
design [see Cleanup).
Remedial Design: A phase of site cleanup
where engineers design the technical specifi-
cations for cleanup remedies and technolo-
gies.
Remedial Investigation: An in-depth
study designed to gather the data necessary to
determine the nature and extent of contamina-
tion at a Supertund site, establish the criteria
for cleaning up the site, identify the prelimi-
nary alternatives for cleanup actions, and
support the technical and cost analyses of the
alternatives. The remedial investigation is
usually done with the feasibility study. In this
volume, the remedial investigation is referred
to as a site study [see also Feasibility Study].
Remedial Project Manager (RPM): The
EPA or State official responsible for oversee-
ing cleanup actions at the site.
Remedy Selection: The selection of the
final cleanup strategy for the site. At the few
sites where the EPA has determined that
initial response actions have eliminated site
contamination, or that any remaining con-
tamination will be naturally dispersed without
further cleanup activities, a "No Action"
remedy is selected [see Record of Decision].
Removal Action: Short-term immediate
actions taken to address releases of hazardous
substances [see Cleanup].
Residual: The amount of a pollutant re-
maining in the environment after a natural or
technological process has taken place, e.g..
the sludge remaining after initial wastewater
treatment, or the parricuiates remaining in air
after the air passes through a scrubber.
Resource Conservation and Recovery
Act (RCRA): A Federal law that established
a regulatory system to track hazardous sub-
stances from the time of generation to dis-
posal. The law requires safe and secure
procedures to be used in treating, transport-
ing, storing, and disposing of hazardous
substances. RCRA is designed to prevent
new. uncontrolled hazardous waste sites.
Retention Pond: A small body of liquid
used for disposing of wastes and containing
overflow from production facilities. Some-
times retention ponds are used to expand the
capacity of such structures as lagoons the
store waste.
Runoff: The discharge of water over land
into surface water. It can carry pollutants
from the air and land and spread contaminants
from its source.
Scrubber: An air pollution control device
that uses a spray of water or reactant or a dry
process to trap pollutants in emissions.
Sediment: The layer of soil. sand, and
minerals at the bottom of surface waters such
as streams, lakes, and rivers, that absorbs
contaminants.
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GLOSSARY
Solvent: A substance capable of dissolving
another substance to form u solution. The
primary uses of industrial solvents are as
cleaners for decreasing, in paints, and in
Pharmaceuticals. Many solvents are flam-
mable and toxic to varying degrees.
Solvent Extraction: A means of separating
hazardous contaminants from soils, sludges.
and sediment, thereby reducing the volume of
the hazardous waste that must be treated. It
generally is used as one in a series of unit
operations. An organic chemical is used to
dissolve contaminants as opposed to water-
based compounds, which usually are used in
soil washing.
Sorptlon: The action of soaking up or
attracting, substances. It is used in many
pollution control systems.
Special Notice Letter: [See Notice Let-
ter].
Stlllbottom: Residues left over from the
process of recovering spent solvents.
Stripping: A process used to remove volatile
contaminants from a substance [see Air Strip-
ping].
Sumps: A pit or tank that catches liquid
runoff for drainage or disposal
Supertund: The program operated under the
legislative authority of the CERCLA and
Superfund Amendments and Reauthorizanon
Act (SARA) to update and improve environ-
mental laws. The program has the authority to
respond directly to releases or threatened re-
leases of hazardous substances that may endan-
ger public health, welfare, or the environment
The "Superfund" is a trust fund that finances
cleanup actions at hazardous waste sites.
. Surge Tanks: A holding structure used to
absorb irregularities in flow of liquids, including
liquid waste materials.
Swamp: A type of wetland that is dominated
by woody vegetation and does not accumulate
peat moss deposits. Swamps may be fresh or
saltwater and tidal or non-tidal [see Wetlands].
Thermal Treatment: The use of heat to
remove or destroy contaminants from soil
Treatability Studies: Testing a treatment
method on contaminated groundwater. soil. etc..
to determine whether and how well the method
will work.
Trichloroethylene (TCE): A stable, color-
less liquid with a low boiling point TCE has
many industrial applications, including use us
a solvent and as a metal degreasing agent.
TCE may be toxic to people when inhaled.
ingested, or through skin contact and can
damage vital organs, especially the liver [see
Volatile Organic Compounds].
Unilateral [Administrative] Order: [see
Administrative Order].
Upgradient: An upward hydrologic slope:
demarks areas that are higher than contaminated
areas and. therefore, are not prone to contamina-
tion by the movement of polluted groundwaier.
Vacuum Extraction: A technology used to
remove volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
from soils. Vacuum pumps are connected to a
series of wells drilled to just above the water
table. The wells are sealed tightly at the soil
surface, and the vacuum established in the soil
draws VOC-contaminated air from the soil
pores into the well, as fresh air is drawn down
from the surface of the soil.
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GLOSSARY
Some Common Contaminants at NPL Sites
Contaminant t Example
Category | Chemical Types
Sources
Potential Health
Threats*
Heavy
Volatile Organic
Comoounos
(VOCs)
Pesticides/
Herbicides
Pofycntorinated.
UphMiyts(PCBs)
Creosotes:
Arsenic. Barium. Beryllium, i Electrocuting, batteries.
Cadmium. Cobalt. Copper, j paint pigments, photogra-
Chromium. Lead. Manga- phy, smelting, thermom-
nese. Mercury. Nickel. j eters. fluorescent lights.
Silver. Selenium. Zinc ! solvent recovery
Solvents ana degreasers.
, gasoline octane ennanc-
l ers. oils ana oaims. dry
j cleaning fluids, chemical
manufacturing.
Trichloroethyiene i
Percnioroetnyiene iPCE).
Acetone. Benzene.
Ketone. Methyl chloride.
Toluene. Vinyl Chloride.
Oichlorethylene
Chlordane. DDT 4-4. ODE.
Heptachlor. Aldrm. Endnn.
Atrazme, DieJdrin. Toxa-
phene
Potyaromatic hydrocar-
bons (PAHs). Polynuclear
animates (PNAs).
Phenolic Tars. Pentachto-
rophenol (PCP)
Radium-226. Radon,
Uranium-235. Uranium-
238
Agricultural applications.
pesticide and herbicide
production
Electric transformers and
capacitors, insulators and
coolants, aohesives.
caulking compounds.
carbonless copy paper.
hydraulic fluids.
Wood preserving, fossil
fuel combustion
Mine tailings, radium
products, natural decay of
granites
Tumors, cancers, and kidney.
Drain, neurological, bone and
liver damage
Cancers. Kioney and liver
damage, impairment of the
nervous system resulting in
sleeomess and headaches.
leukemia
Various effects ranging from
nausea to nervous disorders.
Dloxin is a common by-product
of the manufacture of pesti-
cides and is both highly toxic
and a suspected carcinogen.
Cancer and liver damage.
Cancers and skin ulceratnns
with prolonged exposure
Cancer
Sources: Toxic ChemicalsWhat They Am. How They Affect You (EPA. Region S)
Gtetwy ot Environment* Terns (EPA. 1988)
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