oEPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Environmental Monitoring
and Support Laboratory
P.O. Box 15027
Las Vegas NV 89114
EPA-600/3-79-080
July 1979
Research and Development
Freshwater Algae of
Rae Lakes Basin,
Kings Canyon
National Park
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RESEARCH REPORTING SERIES
Research reports of the Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, have been grouped into nine series. These nine broad categories
were established to facilitate further development and application of environmental
technology. Elimination of traditional grouping was consciously planned to foster
technology transfer and a maximim interface in related fields The nine sereies are:
1. Environmental Health Effects Research
2. Environmental Protection Technology
3. Ecological Research
4. Environmental Monitoring
5. Socioeconomic Environmental Studies
6. Scientific and Technical Assessment Reports (STAR)
7. Interagency Energy—Environment Research and Development
8. "Special" Reports
9. Miscellaneous Reports
This report has been assigned to the ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH series. This series
describes research on the effects of pollution on humans,plant and animal species, and
materials. Problems are assessed for their long-and short-term influences. Investiga-
tions include formations, transport, and pathway studies to determine the fate of
pollutants and their effects. This work provided the technical basis for setting standards
to minimize undesirable changes in living organisms in the aquatic, terrestrial, and
atmospheric environments.
This document is available to the public through the National Technical Information
Service, Springfield, Virginia 22161
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EPA-600/3-79-080
July 1979
FRESHWATER ALGAE OF RAE LAKES BASIN,
KINGS CANYON NATIONAL PARK
by
William D. Taylor
Water and Land Quality Branch
Monitoring Operations Division
Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory
Las Vegas, Nevada 89114
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND SUPPORT LABORATORY
LAS VEGAS, NEVADA 89114
-------
DISCLAIMER
This report has been reviewed by the Environmental Monitoring and Support
Laboratory-Las Vegas, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and approved for
publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not
constitute endorsement or recommendation for use.
ii
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FOREWORD
Protection of the environment requires effective regulatory actions that
are based on sound technical and scientific information. This information
must include the quantitative description and linking of pollutant sources,
transport mechanisms, interactions, and resulting effects on man and his
environment. Because of the complexities involved, assessment of specific
pollutants in the environment requires a total systems approach that
transcends the media of air, water, and land. The Environmental Monitoring
and Support Laboratory-Las Vegas contributes to the formation and enhancement
of a sound monitoring data base for exposure assessment through programs
designed to:
« develop and optimize systems and strategies for moni-
toring pollutants and their impact on the environment
• demonstrate new monitoring systems and technologies by
applying them to fulfill special monitoring needs of
the Agency's operating programs
This report illustrates and characterizes algae found in the Kings
Canyon National Park and describes their distribution among the Rae Lakes
within. It is the first algal taxonomic study for the southern Sierra Nevada
and the most comprehensive for the range. It serves as a reference manual
for the identification of algae in alpine and subalpine regions and
establishes baseline data for future investigations. This report was written
for use by Federal, State, and local governmental agencies concerned with the
application of biological data to water quality analysis and monitoring.
Private industry and individuals similarly involved with the biological
aspects of water quality will find the document useful. For further
information contact the Water and Land Quality Branch, Monitoring Operations
Division.
Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory
Las Vegas
-------
ABSTRACT
This report illustrates and characterizes algae (exclusive of diatoms)
found in Kings Canyon National Park, California and describes their
distribution among the Rae Lakes within. It is the first taxonomic study of
the freshwater algae for the southern Sierra Nevada and the most
comprehensive for the range. It serves as a reference manual for the
identification of algae in alpine and subalpine regions and establishes
baseline data for future investigations. More than half (113) of the 210
forms encountered were desmids (Chlorophyta). While 120 forms were thought
to be new records for California, one variety was thought to be new to
science. A table illustrating the distribution of taxa within the lakes and
ponds is included and discussed.
iv
-------
CONTENTS
Foreword "Hi
Abstract 1y
Figures and Tables vi
Acknowledgments vii
Introduction 1
Description of the Rae Lakes Area 2
Geography 2
Lakes and Ponds 2
Materials and Methods 6
Collection 6
Preparation and Examination 7
Results and Discussion 8
Literature Cited 20
Appendices 24
A. Species, Variety and Form Descriptions 24
B. Species Illustrations 65
Genus and Species Index 106
-------
FIGURES
Number
1.
Rae Lakes, Kings Canyon National Park, California,
Page
. 3
TABLES
Y
Number Page
1. Descriptive Summary of the Rae Lakes and Ponds During
August 16-25, 1972, and Samples Collected 5
2. Summary of the Taxa Encountered 9
3. Distribution of Algal Species by Lake and Pond 11
-------
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Many of the data presented in this report were a portion of a thesis
submitted to Humboldt State University in partial fulfillment of the
requirements for the degree of Master of Arts, July 1974. I am greatly
indebted to Dr. William C. Vinyard, my major professor, for direction and
guidance on this study and for the collection of the samples upon which this
report is based. Dr. Vinyard collected the samples as part of an intensive
investigation he conducted into the possible eutrophication of the Rae Lakes
through overuse of the region by hikers. I would also like to thank Dr. G.
W. Prescott, University of Montana Biological Station, for his interest and
response to inquiries during the completion of this project.
vii
-------
INTRODUCTION
Eutrophication, i.e., the process by which water bodies become nutrient-
rich, is of great significance to water quality managers. One of the primary
symptoms of eutrophication is the excessive growth of algae. This growth is
used to monitor the trophic state or condition of lakes. In order to use
algae as a biological water quality monitoring tool, it is necessary to be
able to identify them and to have information on their distribution and
habitat requirements.
The purpose of this study was to list and illustrate the freshwater
algae (exclusive of diatoms) of the Rae Lakes Basin, a subalpine area of the
Sierra Nevada. I am aware of only three reports dealing with the freshwater
algal flora of the Sierra Nevada: Wolle 1887, Vinyard 1951 (unpublished
master's thesis), and Thomasson 1962. The general lack of taxonomic
publications covering this large geographic area emphasizes the need for
further information.
-------
DESCRIPTION OF THE RAE LAKES AREA
GEOGRAPHY
Kings Canyon National Park is located on the broad western slope of the
Sierra Nevada, occupying 1833 square kilometers. The mountains in this
region range in elevation from about 427 meters (m) in the western foothills
to 4,418 m at Mount Whitney on the eastern crest. The region was glaciated
several times in the Pleistocene epoch, resulting in an area of high relief
and exposed granite which is representative of much of the Sierra Nevada.
The Rae Lakes (lat. 36°49' N., long. 118°24' W.) are in the eastern
section of the park near the main crest at an altitude of 3,231 m (Figure 1).
They are accessible only on foot or by horseback, requiring about two days
travel time. The Dragon pluton, the principal rock type forming the lake
basins, is a quartz monzonite-granodiorite that is poor in quartz (Moore
1963).
LAKES AND PONDS
The Rae Lake system consists of six interconnected alpine and subalpine
lakes along a 4 kilometer (km) stretch of valley floor and two hanging-cirque
lakes 150 to 180 meters above the general elevation of the other lakes
(Figure 1). The basin runs north-south, with steep sides rising over 762 m
to the surrounding peaks. Snowmelt is the primary source of water for these
lakes. The water flows from south to north throughout the system and forms
headwaters for the Kings River watershed.
Dr. W. C. Vinyard, of Humboldt State University, who took samples in the
area August 16-25, 1972, noted that the two southernmost lakes were the
largest. Lake 1, a cirque lake, was bordered by rock and barren of any con-
spicuous vegetation. Lake 2 had a maximum depth of 16 m. Coleman (1925) re-
ported a maximum depth of 16.5 m in the Rae Lakes but failed to specify the
lake to which the measurement applied. Aquatic vegetation in Lake 2 was limi-
ted to a well-developed marsh in the shallow northeast bay. Lake 3 was shal-
low; Lake 4 was essentially a Carex marsh; and Lakes 5 and 6 were larger, ap-
parently with more depth than Lakes 3 and 4. Time constraints prevented sam-
pling visits to the two hanging-cirque lakes, Dragon Lake and the unnamed lake
located on the western wall of the canyon.
Two small ponds were included in the study. Pond A was between and to
the east of Lakes 2 and 3. It was about 15 centimeters (cm) deep. Pond B
was located between Lakes 5 and 6 and its depth was unknown.
-------
DIAMOND PEAK
-
4000
FIN DOME X
3544
CONTOUR INTERVAL
122 METERS (400 FEET)
MAP ADAPTED FROM THE U.S.
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 15 MINUTE
MT PINCHOT QUADRANGLE
PAINTED LADY
DRAWN BY ANB 5/13/77
Figure 1. Rae Lakes, Kings Canyon National Park, California.
-------
A descriptive summary of the study lakes and ponds is given in Table 1.
At the time of collection the lakes and ponds were slightly acid, ranging in
pH from 5.8 to 6.6; water temperatures ranged from 14.4 to 18.9 degrees
Celsius.
The benthic vegetation was dominated by El odea nuttalii forming dense
beds at depths greater than 1 m. El odea nuttalii was present in Lakes 2 and
6 and extended into the outlet streams. Nitella sp., a macroscopic
chlorophyte, grew in dense beds fringing E. nuttalii in water less than one m
deep. Neither plant was found in Lake 1. A sparse population of Ranunculus
aquatilia was observed at the margin and in the outlet stream of Lake 6 and
within the E. nuttalii beds in the stream between Lakes 5 and 6. Isoetes
bolanderi was occasionally found in Lakes 2 and 3; Sparganium sp. and
Callitriche sp. covered half of pond A.
The observed emergent vegetation was restricted to Carex sp. dominating a
small marsh in a cove at the northeast corner of Lake 2 and nearly
surrounding Lake 4. Otherwise, the plant was scattered.
The terrestrial vegetation included several species of Salix growing
along streams and near lake shores. Pinus contorta and £. balfoiiriana were
found intermixed, scattered, or in small clumps throughout the basin.
-------
TABLE 1. DESCRIPTIVE SUMMARY OF THE RAE LAKES AND PONDS DURING AUGUST 16 - 25, 1972,
AND SAMPLES COLLECTED
Lakes
1
Total number of taxa 23
Sample type:
Plankton 3
Tychoplankton
Sludge
Benthic flocculum 1
Seepage
Epilithic 2
Total number of samples 6
pH 6.0
Air temperature (°C) 13.3-23.3
Water temperature (°C) 14.4-16.7
Aquatic plants mentioned in
fieldnotes
2
131
5
1
3
5
2
1
17
6.4-6.6
10-12.8
15.5-16.7
El odea
Mitel! a
Isotetes
Carex
3
91
4
1
3
--
—
6
14
6.6
20
18.9
El odea
Moss
Isotetes
4
39
1
2
--
1
—
--
4
6.0-6.3
13.9-16.7
16.7
El odea
Carex
5
72
4
--
1
4
—
--
9
5.8-6.4
12.2-18.3
15.5-20
El odea
Carex
Ponds
6 A B
62 65 &3
3 1 2
3 — 1
1
1
..
1
8 23
5.8 6.0 6.1
18.9 13.3-23.3 —
15.5 14.4-16.7 --
El odea Spar gani urn El odea
Ranuncu- Callitriche
Tus
Depth
16 m
15 cm
-------
MATERIALS AND METHODS
COLLECTION
The 63 samples (Table 1) used in this study were collected by Dr.
Vinyard during a 9-day helicopter expedition to the Rae Lakes (August 16 -
August 25, 1972). Samples were taken from various shoreline positions at
each lake, the outlets, some of the connecting creeks, and seepage areas.
Open water samples were not collected due to the impracticality of
transporting a boat into the area. The number of samples collected from each
lake was determined by the variety of habitats encountered. Samples were
preserved in 5% formalin solution and returned to the laboratory for examination,
A pinch of copper sulfate was added to each liter of preservative to maintain
the original colors of the algae.
Each sample was labeled according to the lake and habitat from which it
was collected. Habitats sampled included:
1. Planktonic (collected with a #25 plankton net).
2. Tychoplanktonic (squeezing of mosses, El odea, Nitella, and
floating mats of Oedogonium and Rhizoclonium).
3. Sludge.
4. Benthic flocculum.*
5. Seepage.
6. Epilithic.
*Vinyard coined this phrase to describe the thin layer of debris often found
suspended just off the lake bed in the littoral zone.
-------
PREPARATION AND EXAMINATION
Three permanent slides of each sample were prepared using Karo®syrup
with phenol as the mounting medium. Cover slips were sealed with clear
fingernail polish. The preserved samples and permanent slides are on file at
California State University-Humboldt's cryptogamic herbarium. Each slide was
examined and each form, when first encountered, was drawn with the aid of a
camera lucida. Wet mounts of most samples were also examined for forms not
encountered on the permanent slides and to clarify details overlooked on
previously observed plants. Cell dimensions were measured from camera lucida
drawings with the aid of a stage micrometer.
An iconographic record was established during preliminary examination of
the permanent slides. The illustrations were organized by genus as they were
drawn. In this way, accurate records were kept on the occurrence of each
plant on a sample-by-sample basis without the immedate need of a species
name. Distributions within habitats were easily derived from these records.
The systematics presented here follow Prescott (1970) wherever possible. The
following occurrence categories were established to indicate species
abundance but they are of a subjective nature and should be interpreted in
conjunction with the habitat and distribution records; Very rare - seen once
or twice, usually in the same sample; Rare - seen several times in one or
more samples; Common - low population density, but occurring in many samples;
Very common - high population density in one or more samples, or occurring in
most samples.
Registered trademark
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Descriptions of species, varieties and forms identified from Rae Lakes
and Ponds as well as occurrence and habitat information are given in Appendix
A. Species illustrations are presented in Appendix B, while a genus and
species index can be found on page 106.
The algal flora of the Rae Lakes were dominated by Chlorophyta (82
percent), most of the remaining taxa were members of Cyanophyta (13 percent).
Other divisions were poorly represented except Pyrrhophyta where a single
species, Peridiniurn Willei, occurred quite commonly in large numbers (Table
2). These findings agree with Thomasson's (1962) list of 74 taxa from the
Lake Tahoe region, where 85 percent of the taxa were chlorophytes and about
10 percent cyanophytes, and Vinyard's (1951) list of 161 taxa from eight
alpine and subalpine regions of the Western United States, where 86 percent
were chlorophytes and 13 percent cyanophytes (neither report addressed the
diatoms).
Desmids, reflecting the soft water character of the Rae Lakes, were the
dominating group within Chlorophyta (65 percent). This relationship also
agreed with data collected by Vinyard (1951) and Thomasson (1962) where
desmid taxa accounted for 67 and 65 percent of the chlorophytes respectively.
Numerous papers have appeared in recent years dealing with algae, especially
the desmids, of the North American arctic and subarctic (Whelden 1947,
Croasdale 1955, 1956, 1957, 1958, and others). Croasdale (1965) noted that
Cosmarium species usually made up more than 50 percent of the arctic desmid
flora while some genera (e.g., Micrasterias and Triploceras) were absent. In
comparison, 40 percent of the Rae Lakes desmids were Cosmarium, while
Micrasterias was represented by eight species. Triploceras was not found in
the Rae Lakes.
Non-desmid chlorophytes included 39 chlorococcaleans primarily in the
genera Pediastrum. Oocystis, Scenedesmus and Coelastrum. This is apparently
the first report of £. taylori since Sieminska described it in 1965 although,
as she pointed out, it may have been placed in £. tricornutum var. alpinum by
various workers in North America (Taylor 1922, 1924; and Vinyard 1951).
Oocystis arctica Prescott is reported here probably for the first time since
its description (Prescott and Vinyard 1965).
The seven members of the Euglenophyta reported here were found only in
Lake 3. All were in the same sample (sludge near the outlet of Lake 3)
except Lepocinclis fusiformis var. major which was in an epilithic sample of
Tetraspora lamellosa.
8
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TABLE 2. SUMMARY OF THE TAXA ENCOUNTERED
Divisions Orders Families Genera Species Varieties Forms Total*
Chlorophyta
Euglenophyta
Pyrrhophyta
Chrysophyta
Cyanophyta
9
1
1
2
3
20
1
1
2
4
49
4
1
2
18
119
5
1
2
24
42
2
—
—
3 -
12 173
7
1
2
27
Total
16
28
74
151
47
12
210
*Total of species, varieties and forms.
Cosmarium askenasyii was considered an Australian and South Asian
species until Carter (1935) found and named a variety in British Columbia.
The variety was rare in the Rae Lakes material and found only on wet soil.
C. subtumidum var. minutum was considered by Krieger and Gerloff (1965) to be
a tropical species. It too had a unique microhabitat in a submersed
epilithic sample of Tetraspora lamellosa.
Although the study lakes were located in the same small canyon with
water from one feeding the next, there were interesting differences in the
algal compositions (Table 3). Lake 1, the cirque lake, had the lowest
diversity of the study lakes, due primarily to the lack of diverse habitats
(e.g., little or no sediment and the absence of vascular aquatic vegetation).
Lake 4 also had relatively few taxa compared to the other lakes. It was the
smallest of the lakes, very shallow, and nearly overgrown by a Carex marsh.
This emergent plant may have acted as a light shield hampering algal growth.
The composition of the major algal groups changed consistently from one
end of the chain to the other. There was an increase in blue-green species
from 9 percent in Lake 1 to 19 percent in Lake 6 with a corresponding
decrease in desmids from 57 percent in Lake 2 to 35 percent in Lake 6. These
changes suggested a slight increase in nutrient load down the chain of lakes.
Lake 1 did not fit the pattern as desmids comprised 22 percent of the species
present.
Although there were numerous desmids present in the Rae Lakes,
relatively few were common to all of the lakes and ponds; to the contrary,
most were limited to one or two lakes. By comparison, 18 of the 60 non-desmid
chlorophytans (30 percent) were found in five or more of the lakes and ponds,
whereas only 12 of the 113 desmids (11 percent) were found in five or more of
-------
the lakes and ponds. In addition, 16 taxa (mostly desmids) were limited to
pond A with the exception of one Micrasterias also found in pond B. It
should be noted that pond A was very shallow and had accumulated sediments,
and probably provided a very different habitat from the other lakes and pond
B.
The distributions noted in Table 3 may be misleading as the samples were
collected during a very short period of time, and it is possible that many of
the rarer species become increasingly abundant at different times during the
year.
10
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TABLE 3. DISTRIBUTION OF ALGAL SPECIES BY LAKE AND POND
LAKE POND OCCUR.
123456 A B
CHLOROPHYTA
Chiamydomonadaceae
Chlamydomonas anqulosa x VR*
Volvocaceae
Eudorina elegans x x x x x x C*
Pandorina morum x x x R*
Tetrasporaceae
Tetraspora lamellosa x x x VC*
Gloeocystaceae
Asterococcus limneticus x x x x x C
Gloeocystis ampla x x x x x C
£. gigas xxxxxx xx C
G_. vesiculosa x x x x x x C
Chlorococcaceae
Tetrae'dron gracile x VR
Palmellaceae
Sphaerocystis schroeteri xx xxx xx C
Oocystaceae
Ankistrodesmus falcatus xxx x C
/L gelifactum x x VR
Eremosphaera viridis x x C
Kirchneriella lunaris
var. irregularis x x VR
Oocystis arctica x VR
0.. bgrqei x R
0. elliptica? x R
If. parva xxxxxx xx C
0. pusilla x VR
*VR = Very Rare, R = Rare, C = Common, VC = Very Common
11 (continued)
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TABLE 3. DISTRIBUTION OF ALGAL SPECIES BY LAKE AND POND (Continued)
Oocystaceae (continued)
0.- sp.
Quadriqula lacustris
Zoochlorella spp.
Micractiniaceae
Golenkinia paucispina
Dictyosphaeriaceae
Botryococcus braunii
Dictyosphaerium pulchellum
Scenedesmaceae
Coelastrum cambricum
var. intennedium
C. microporum
C. printzii
C. proboscideum
Cruciqenia rectanqularis
C. quadrata
Enallax alpina
Scenedesmus bijuga
S. bijuga var. alternans
S. dimorphus
S. quadricauda
Tetrademus sp.
Hydrodictyaceae
Pediastrum angulosum
P. boryanum
P. boryanum var. undulatum
P. braunii
P. inteqrum
P. muticum
P. taylori
P. tetras forma
P. tetras var. tetraodon
Sorastrum spinulosum
LAKE POND
123456 A B
X
X X X X X XX
XXX
X
X X X X X XX
XX X
X
XX XX X
X
X
XXX XX XX
X
X
X
X
X
XXX X XX
X
X X
X X X X X XX
X X
X
X X
X X
X X
X
X XX
X
OCCUR.
C
vc
VR
VC
VC
R
C
VR
VR
VC
VR
VR
VR
VR.
VR
VC
VR
C
VC
R
VR
VR
VR
R
R
C
VR
(continued)
12
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TABLE 3. DISTRIBUTION OF ALGAL SPECIES BY LAKE AND POND (Continued)
Ulotrichaceae
Ulothrix variabilis
Chaetophoraceae
Microthamnion strictissimum
Protoderma viride
Coleochaetaceae
Coleochaete orbicularis
Oedogoniaceae
Bulbochaete sp.
Oedogonium spp.
Cladophoraceae
Rhizoclonium crassipellitum
Zygnemataceae
Mougeotia spp.?
Spirogyra gracilis
Zygnema sp.
Mesotaeniaceae
Cylindrocystis brebissonii
Gonatozygon aculeatum
G. brebissonii
Netrium digitus
N. digitus var. naegelii
N. interruptum
Desmidiaceae
Closterium dianae?
C. dianae var. minor?
LAKE POND OCCUR.
123456 A B
x x x x C
xxxxxx x C
x C
xx x C
xxxxxx xx VC
xxxxxx x VC
x x x x C
XXX XX XX C
XXX XX X C
x C
x R
xxx C
x x x x x VR
x x x x x VC
xx VR
xxx VR
xx x R
xx R
(continued)
13
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TABLE 3. DISTRIBUTION OF ALGAL SPECIES BY LAKE AND POND (Continued)
LAKE
POND
OCCUR.
Desmidiaceae (continued)
£. gracile
£. intermedium
C_. jenneri
C. libellula
_C. lunula forma gracilis
_C. macilentum
var. japonicurn forma
C_. rostratum
.C. striolatum
Cosmarium abbreviatum
forma mi nor
C. amoenum
r. angulosum
JC. askenasyii
var. americana
£. bioculatum
.C. bipunctatum
C.- botrytis var. tumidum
.C. connaturn
£• contractum
var. ellipsoideum
C.. crenatum
C.. cymatonotophorum
var. granulatum
.C. difficile var. dilatatum
^_. formulosum
£. globosum
C_. hammeri
£.• bumi 1 e var. striatum
£. impressulum a
C_. impressuTum g
_C. intermedium
_C. laeve var. nov.?
£. margaritatum
forma subrotundata
£. novae-semiiae
var. granulatum
C. ornatum var. perornatum
123456
x
XXX
X
X X
X
X X
X X
X
X
XXX
X X X X X
X X
X X
X
X
X X X X X X
X X
X
X
A B
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
R
C
R
VR
VC
C
R
VC
VR
C
R
R
C
C
VC
VR
C
C
VR
R
C
C
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
(continued)
14
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TABLE 3. DISTRIBUTION OF ALGAL SPECIES BY LAKE AND POND (Continued)
Desmidiaceae (continued)
C. portianum
C. pseudoarctoum
C. pseudoprotuberans
forma minus
C. pseudopyramidatum
var. extensum
C. pseudoquadratulum
C. pyrami datum
C. quadratum forma willei
C. quinarium
C. rectangulare
var. hexagonium
C. reniform
C. sexangulare
C. sexnotatum
var. tristriatum
C. subarctoum
C. suberenatum
var. isthmochondrum
C. subspeciosum
var. validius morpha
C. subtumidum var. minutum
C. tenue var. depressum
C. trachypleurum var. fall ax
C. undulatum var. minutum
C. ungerianum forma
C. venustum var. excavatum
Desmidium grevillii
Euastrum ansatum var. pyxidatum
E. ansatum var. triporum
E. bidentatum var. speciosum
E. denticulatum
var. angusticeps
E. didelta
E. elegans
E. gemmatum forma latior
E. obesum
E. oblongum
E. verrucosum
var. perforatum
LAKE
123456
X X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
XX X
X
XX X
X
X X X X X
X
X
X X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X X
X X
X
X
X
POND OCCUR.
A B
C
R
x R
C
R
C
C
C
xx C
x C
R
C
R
x C
x C
VR
VR
VR
R
x VC
R
x VR
x R
R
x C
x R
R
x C
R
R
x C
R
(continued)
15
-------
TABLE 3. DISTRIBUTION OF ALGAL SPECIES BY LAKE AND POND (Continued)
LAKE
POND
OCCUR.
123456
A B
Demidiaceae (continued)
£. verrucosum
var. rhomboideum
_E. verrucosum
var. vallesiacum
Micrasterias americana
V\. conferta
H. denticulata
var. angulosa
.M. muricata var. tumida
M. pinnatifida
H. rotata
M. rotata forma evoluta
11- truncata
var. neodamensis
Penium spirostriolatum
Pleurotaenium ehrenbergii
P.. trabecula var. elongatum
P.. trabecula var. maximum
Spondylosium planum
.5. pulchellum
Staurastrum acarides
.S. alternans
.S. anatlnum
.S. arctiscon
.S. brebissonii
S.. breviaculeatum
S.. brevispinum
_S. crenulatum
_S. cuspidatum
!• dicklei var. circulare
S^. grande var. angulosum
S^. kurilense
S.. kurilense forma triquetra
S^. margaritaceum
S. orbiculare
S.
S.
pachyrhynchum
polom'cum
polymorphum
punctulatum
xxx x
x
x
x
x x
x
x x
x
x x
x xx
x x x x x
x
X X X X X X
X
X
X
XX XX
X X X X X X
X X
X X
X
X
X X
X
X
X
X
X X
X X
R
R
R
R
x VR
c
xx C
x C
R
VR
VC
R
VR
xx R
VR
VR
C
xx C
x VC
R
x VC
x R
VR
x C
x VR
C
R
x VR
VR
x R
C
C
R
x C
(continued)
16
-------
TABLE 3. DISTRIBUTION OF ALGAL SPECIES BY LAKE AND POND (Continued)
LAKE
123456
Desmidianceae (continued)
S. punctulatum var. kjellmani x
S. pyrami datum forma nov.9 x
S. sebaldii var. ornatum
S. spongiosum x
S. subavicula x
S. vestitum x
Tetmemorus laevis x x
Xanthidium subhastiferum x x x x x x
Characeae
Nitella sp. x x x x x
EUGLENOPHYTA
Euglenaceae
Euglena spirogyra
var. marchica x
Lepocinclis fusiformis x
L. fusiformis
var. major x
Phacus sp. x
Trachelomonus bacillifera
var. minima x
T. lacustris x
PYRRHOPHYTA
Peridiniaceae
Peridinium willei x x x x x
CHRYSOPHYTA
Chlorobotrydaceae
Ducellieria chodatii x
POND OCCUR.
A B
C
R
x C
VR
VR
x C
VR
XX VC
VC
VR
R
VR
VR
R
R
xx VC
VR
(continued)
17
-------
TABLE 3. DISTRIBUTION OF ALGAL SPECIES BY LAKE AND POND (Continued)
LAKE
POND
OCCUR,
Dinobryaceae
Dinobryon cylindricum
CYANOPHYTA
Chroococcaceae
Aphanocapsa elachista
var. conferta
A. pulchra
Aphanothece stagnlna
Cnroococcus prescottii
C.. turgidus
Coelosphaen'um kuetzingianum
£. pallidum?
Dactylococcopsis smithii
Eucapsis alpina var. minor
Gloeothece rupestn's?
Merismopedia elegans
Microc.ystis aeruginosa
Oscillatoriaceae
Lynqbya aerugineo-caerulea
Oscillatoria agardhii
0.. Limnetica
0_. tenuis
0[. tenuis var. natans
Phormidium corium
Nostocaceae
Anabaena oscillarioides
/\. sphaerica
Cylindrospermum alatosporum
gostoc parmelioides
N. paludosum
123456
x
x
X X
X X
X
X X
X X X X X
X
XXX
X XX
X X X X
X
X X
X
X
X
XXX
X
X X
X X X X X
X X
X
X X
X X X X X X
A B
X X
X
X
X
X X
c
R
c
c
c
R
C
VR
R
VR
VC
C
R
C
C
C
C
R
VC
C
R
C
VC
(continued)
18
-------
TABLE 3. DISTRIBUTION OF ALGAL SPECIES BY LAKE AND POND (Continued)
LAKE
POND OCCUR.
Scytonemataceae
Scytonema mirabile
Tolypothrix dlstorta
Rivulariaceae
Calothrix epiphytica
C. fusca
123456 A B
x x
X X X X X
C
C
C
R
CHLOROPHYTA
desmids
non desmid
EUGLENOPHYTA
PYRRHOPHYTA
CHRYSOPHYTA
CYANOPHYTA
6 75 45 16 25 22
13 38 26 16 31 26
_ - 7 _ . .
1 11-11
1 1 - - 1 1
2 16 12 7 14 12
32 19
22 20
1 1
10 3
TOTAL 23 131 91 39 72 62 65 43
19
-------
LITERATURE CITED
Bourrelly, R. 1966. Les algues d'eau douce. Tome 1. Editions N. Boubee et
Cie, Paris. 511 pp.
. 1968. Les algues d'eau douce. Tome 2. Editions N. Boubee et Cie,
Paris. 438 pp.
Bowman, G. A. 1964. Phytoplankton of the San Joaquin River (exclusive of
diatoms). Thesis for M.A. degree, Humboldt State College (unpublished).
147 pp.
Carter, N. 1935. Alpine desmids from British Columbia. Jour. Linn. Soc.
Bot. 50(333):151-179.
Coleman, G. A. 1925. Biological survey of the Rae Lakes Region. California
Fish & Game. ll(2):57-62.
Croasdale, H. T. 1955. Freshwater algae of Alaska. 1. Some desmids from
the interior. Farlowia. 4(4):513-565. Pis. 1-13.
. 1956. Freshwater algae of Alaska. 1. Some desmids from the
interior. Part 2. Actinotaem'um, Micrasterias and Cosmarium. Trans.
Am. Microsc. Soc. 75(1):1-70.Pis. 1-17.
. 1957. Freshwater algae of Alaska. 1. Some desmids from the
interior. Part 3. Cosmarieae concluded. Trans. Am. Microsc. Soc.
76(2):116-158. Pis. 1-10.
. 1958. Freshwater algae of Alaska. 2. Some new forms from'the
plankton of Karluk Lake. Trans. Am. Microsc. Soc. 77(1): 31-35. 1 PI.
_. 1965. Desmids of Devon Island, N. W. T., Canada. Trans. Am.
Microsc. Soc. 84(3):301-355. Pis. 1-8.
1973. Freshwater algae of Ellesmere Island, N. W. T. National
Museum of Natural Sciences. Publications in Botany. No. 3, Ottawa.
131 pp.
Croasdale, H. and R. Grbnblad. 1964. Desmids of Labrador. 1. Desmids of
the Southeastern Coastal Area. Trans. Amer. Micros. Soc.
83(2):142-212.
Desikachary, T. V. 1959. Cyanophyta. Academic Press, N. Y. 686 pp.
20
-------
Grb'nblad, R. 1920. Finnlandische Desmidiacean aus Keuru. Acta. Soc. Fauna
Flora Fenn. 47(4):l-98. Pis. 1-6.
_. 1962. Desmids from the British Isles. Nova Hedwigia, Band IX:
4(3 and 4):467-479.
Hirano, M. 1968. Desmids of Arctic Alaska. Contrib. Biol. Lab. Kyoto
Univ., 21:1-53.
Huber-Pestalozzi, G. 1955. Das Phytoplankton des Susswassers. Systematik
und Biologie. 4. Teil. Stuttgart. 606 pp. Pis. 1-114.
Hylander, C. J. 1928. The algae of Connecticut. Connecticut State Geol.
Natur. Hist. Surv. Bull., No. 42. 245 pp.
Irenee-Marie, F. 1952. Contribution a la connaissance des Desmidiees de la
region du Lac-St-Jean. Hydrobiologia. 4:1-208. Pis. 1-19.
Jahn, L. J. and F. L. Jahn. 1949. How to know the Protozoa. Wm. C. Brown
Co., Dubuque, Iowa. 234 pp. 394 figs.
Johnson, L. P. 1944. Eugleneae of Iowa. Trans. Americ. Microsc. Soc.,
63:97-135. Pis. 1-6.
Krieger, W. 1937. Die Desmidiaceen. In L. Rabenhorst, Kryptogamen-Flora
von Deutschland, Osterreich und der Schweiz. 13, (Abt. 1, Teil 1):377-
712. Pis. 1-60.
_. 1939. Die Desmidaceen. In L. Rabenhorst, Kryptogamen-Flora von
Deutschland, Osterreich und der Schweiz. 13, (Abt. 1, Teil 2):1-117.
Pis. 97-142.
Krieger, W. and J. Gerloff. 1962. Der Gattung Cosmarium. Lf. l:iii-xvii +
112 pp. Pis. 1-23.
. 1965. Der Gattung Cosmarium. Lf. 2:113-240. Pis. 23-42.
Moore, J. G. 1963. Geology of the Mount Pihchot Quadrangle, southern Sierra
Nevada, California. Geological Survey Bulletin 1130. 152 pp.
Prescott, G. W. 1962. Algae of the western Great Lakes area. W. C. Brown
Co. 977 pp. Pis. 1-136.
. 1970. How to know the freshwater algae. W. C. Brown Co. 348 pp.
Prescott, G. W., H. T. Croasdale and W. C. Vinyard. 1972. Desmidiales. 1.
Saccodermae, Mesotaeniaceae. N. Am. Flora. II. 6:1-84.
21
-------
Prescott, G. W., H. T. Croasdale and W. C. Vinyard. 1975. A synopsis of the
North American Desmids. Part II. Desmidiaceae: Placodermae. Section
1. University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln, Nebraska. 275 pp.
Prescott, G. W., H. T. Croasdale and W. C. Vinyard. 1977. A synopsis of
the North American Desmids. Part II. Desmidiaceae: Placodermae.
Section 2. University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln, Nebraska. 413 pp.
Prescott, G. W. and A. M. Scott. 1952. Some south Australian Desmids.
Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Aust. 75:55-69.
Prescott, G. W. and W. C. Vinyard. 1965. Ecology of Alaskan freshwater
algae V. Limnology and flora of Malikpuk Lake. Trans. Amer. Microsc.
Soc. 84(1):98-126.
Scott, A. M. and G. W. Prescott. 1958. Some freshwater algae from Arnhem
Land in the northern territory of Australia. Records of the
American-Australian Scientific Expedition to Arnhem Land. 3:8-135.
Sieminska, J. 1965. Algae from Mission Wells Pond, Montana. Trans. Amer.
Microsc. Soc. 84(1):98-126.
Skuja, H. 1949. Zur Susswasserflora Burmas. Nova Acta Reg. Soc. Sci.
Upsaliensis. Ser. 4, 14(5):1-188, 37 Pis.
Smith, G. M. 1920. Phytoplankton of the inland lakes of Wisconsin. 1.
Bull. Wisconsin Geol. and Nat. Hist. Surv. 57:1-243. Pis. 1-51.
_. 1924. Phytoplankton of the inland lakes of Wisconsin. 2. Bull.
Wisconsin Geol. and Nat. Hist. Surv. 57:1-227. Pis. 1-38.
Taylor, W. R. 1922. Notes on some algae from British Columbia. Rhodora.
24:101-111.
.. 1924. Further notes on British Columbia algae. Rhodora.
26:160-166.
. 1935. The freshwater algae of Newfoundland. II. Papers Mich Acad.
Sci., Arts, Lett. 20:185-230. Pis. 1-17.
Teiling, E. 1954. Actinotaem'um genus desmdiacearum resuscitatum.
Botaniska Notiser. Hafte 4:376-426.
Teiling, E. 1967. The desmid genus Staurodesmus. Ark. F. Bot.
6(ll):466-629. Pis. 1-30.
Thomasson, C. 1962. Planktological notes from western North America.
Ark. F. Bot. 4(14):437-463.
Vinyard, W. C. 1951. Distribution of alpine and subalpine algae in western
United States. Thesis for M.S. degree, Michigan State College
(unpublished). 55 p. Pis. 1-16.
22
-------
Wade, W. E. 1957. Additions to our knowledge of the desmid flora of
Michigan. Rev. Algol. 4:249-273. Pis. 1,2.
Wailes, C. H. 1930. Protozoa and algae, Mount Ferguson, B. C. Vancouver
Mus. and Art Notes. 5:160-165. 1 PI.
West, W. and G. S. West, 1904. A monograph of the British Desmidiaceae. I.
The Ray Society, London. 224 pp. Pis. 1-32.
. 1905. A monograph of the British Desmidiaceae. II. 204 pp. Pis.
33-64.
. 1908. A monograph of the British Desmidiaceae. III. 273 pp. Pis,
96-128.
. 1912. A monograph of the British Desmidiaceae. IV. 191 pp. Pis.
96-128.
West, W., G. S. West and N. Carter. 1923. A monograph of the British
Desmidiaceae. V. 300 pp. Pis. 129-167.
Wheldon, R. M. 1947. Botany of the Canadian eastern Arctic. Part II,
Thallophyta and Bryophyta. 1. Algae. Nat. Mus. Canada Bull.
97:13-137. Pis. 1-8.
Wolle, F. 1887. Desmids of the Pacific coast. Bull. California Acad. Sci
2(7):432-437.
23
-------
APPENDIX A
SPECIES, VARIETY, AND FORM DESCRIPTIONS
The species descriptions are organized as follows:
1. Species, author and date. [An asterisk (*) before a species
name denotes a species thought to be a new record for
California while a question mark (?) immediately following a
portion of the name denotes questionable identity of that
part.]
2. Primary reference(s) used in making the identification.
3. Dimensions and descriptive information when it varies from the
primary reference. All dimensions are given in micrometers
(ym). Parentheses surrounding cell dimensions indicate the
occurrence of extremely large or small cells in the sample
material. Dimensions for desmids are given with the following
abbreviations (applies to single cells):
L. - length
W. - maximum width
Wa. - maximum width at apex
Th. - maximum thickness
Tha. - maximum thickness at apex
Isth. - width of isthmus in face view
4. Occurrence. These data are of a subjective nature and should be
interpreted in conjunction with the habitat and distribution
records. Categories:
Very rare - seen once or twice, usually in the same sample.
Rare - seen several times in one or more samples.
Common - low population density, but occurring in many
samples.
Very common - high population density in one or
more samples, or occurring in most samples.
5. Habitat(s).
6. Appendix B plate and figure numbers with corresponding
species illustrations.
24
-------
SYSTEMATICS
CHLOROPHYTA
Volvocales
Chiamydomonadaceae
Chlamydomonas Ehrenberg
*Chlamydomonas angulosa Dill. 1895.
Prescott. 1962: 70, PI. 1, Fig. 3.
Cells 20 vim long, 13 ym in diameter. This determination was based on
two cells which had lost their flagella. In all other respects they closely
followed Prescott1s description.
Very rare.
Sludge.
PI. 1, Fig. 2.
Volvocaceae
Eudorina Ehrenberg
Eudorina elegans Ehrenberg 1832. ^
Prescott. 1962: 76, PI. 1, Figs. 24-26.
Cells 8-19 ym in diameter. Colonies were up to 165 ym in diameter.
Common in net tows.
Plankton, tychoplankton, benthic flocculum, and epilithic.
PI. 1, Fig. 1.
Pandorina Bory
Pandorina morum (Mlill.) Bory 1824.
Prescott. 1962: 75, PI. 1, Fig. 23.
Cells 7.5-12 ym long, 5-8 ym in diameter. The colonies were 16-celled;
the cells were smaller than Prescott's.
Rare.
Plankton, benthic flocculum, and sludge.
PI. 1, Fig. 3.
Tetrasporales
Tetrasporaceae
Tetraspora Link
*Tetraspora lamellosa Prescott 1944.
Prescott. 1962: 88, PI. 5, Fig. 6.
25
-------
Cells 5-7.5 ym in diameter. The cells were smaller than Prescott's but
the distinguishing characteristics were present: pseudocilia were greater
than 20 times the cell diameter and possessed distinct lamellate cell
sheaths. Shape of colony was unknown.
Very common.
Epilithic.
PI. 1, Fig. 4.
Gloeocystaceae
Asterococcus Scherffel
*Asterococcus limneticus G.M. Smith 1918.
Prescott. 1962: 86, PI. 4, Fig. 11.
Cells 6-9 ym in diameter, colonies 30-50 ym in diameter. Dimensions of
cells and colonies were at the lower end of the range given by Prescott.
Common.
Plankton, tychoplankton, and benthic flocclulum.
PI. 1, Fig. 5.
Gloeoystis Na'gel i
Gloeocystis amp!a (Klitz.) Lagerheim 1883.
Prescott. 1962: 84, PI. 3, Fig. 17.
Cells 10-15 ym long, 7-10 ym in diameter.
Common.
Plankton, tychoplankton, benthic flocculum, and seepage.
PI. 1, Fig. 11.
Gloeocystis gigas (K'u'tz.) Lagerheim 1883.
Smith. 1920: 101, PI. 19, Fig. 2.
Cells 12-18-(20) ym in diameter. Lamellations were rarely obvious.
Common.
Plankton tychoplankton, wet soil, benthic flocculum, and sludge.
PI. 1, Fig. 10.
Gloeocystis vesiculosa Na'gel i 1849.
Prescott. 1962: 85, PI. 3, Fig. 15.
Cells 3.5-11 ym in diameter.
Common.
Plankton, tychoplankton, benthic flocculum, sludge, and
epilithic.
PI. 1, Fig. 7.
Chlorococcales
Chlorococcaceae
Tetraedron K'u'tz ing
*Tetrae'dron gracile (Reinsch) Hansgirg 1889 forma.
Prescott. 1962: 265, PI. 60, Fig. 1.
Cells 11-15 ym in diameter without processes, 30-35 ym in diameter with
26
-------
processes. They did not have short spines tipping the processes. The
illustration was identical to Skuja's (1949; PI. 10, Figs. 19 and 20), which
was named Isthmochloron gracile (Reinsch) Skuja.
Plankton.
PI. 1, Fig. 6.
Palmellaceae
Sphaerocystis Chodat
Sphaerocystis Schroeteri Chodat 1897.
Prescott.1962: 83, PI. 3, Figs. 6 and 7.
Cells (4)-6-22 ym in diameter.
Common.
Plankton.
PI. 1, Fig. 12.
Oocystaceae
Ankistrodesmus Corda
Ankistrodesmus falcatus (Corda) Ralfs 1848.
Prescott. 1962: 253, PI. 56, Figs. 5 and 6.
Cells 40-68 ym long, 2.5 ym in diameter.
Common.
Net tow in 15 centimeters of water, benthic flocculum, seepage, and
tychoplankton.
PI. 1, Fig. 9.
*Ankistrodesmus gelifactum (Chod.) Bourrelly 1951.
Croasdale. 1973: 60, PI. 9, Figs. 32 and 33.
Cells 35 ym long, 6 ym in diameter, single or in pairs.
Very rare.
Wet soil (seepage into Lake 2), and plankton.
PI. 1, Fig. 8.
Eremosphaera de Bary
*Eremosphaera viridis de Bary 1858.
Prescott. 1962: 240, PI. 53, Fig. 22.
Cells about 135 ym in diameter.
Common.
Sludge and benthic flocculum.
PI. 2, Fig. 1.
Kirchneriella Schmidle
Kirchneriellla lunaris var. irregularis G. M. Smith 1920.
Cells 8-11 ym long, 4 ym in diameter.
Very rare.
Sludge.
27
-------
PI. 2, Fig. 10.
Qocystls Nagel i
The accurate cytoplasmic data needed to make determinations in this
genus were not always available leaving several species unidentified. Living
material would have been particularly valuable for this genus.
*0ocystis arctica Prescott 1965.
Prescott and Vinyard. 1965: 455, PI. 8, Figs. 13 and 14.
Cells 11.5-18 ym long, 8-10 ym in diameter. They were smaller than
Prescott and Vinyard's which were 19-20 ym by 14-15 ym.
Very rare.
Squeezings of El odea.
PI. 2, Fig. 2.
*0ocysti s borgei Snow 1903.
Prescott. 1962: 243, PI. 51, Fig. 10.
Cells 11.5-14 ym long, 10 ym in diameter.
Rare.
Benthic flocculum.
PI. 2, Fig. 4.
*0ocystis elliptica? W. West 1892.
Prescott. 1962: 244, PI. 51, Fig. 11.
Cells 27-28 ym long, 13-14 ym in diameter. They were slightly longer
than Prescott's and each chloroplast had a pyrenoid. Prescott wrote,
"apparently without pyrenoids."
Rare.
Plankton.
PI. 2, Figs. 5 and 6.
*0ocystis parva West and West 1898.
Prescott. 1962: 246, PI. 54, Fig. 3.
Cells 9-15-(17) ym long, 4-8-(9) ym in diameter.
Common.
Plankton, tychoplankton, epilithic, and benthic flocculum.
PI. 2, Fig. 3.
*0ocystis pusilla ? Hansgirg 1890.
Prescott. 1962: 246, PI. 51, Fig. 15; PI. 54, Figs. 4 and 5.
Cells 8-9 ym long, 4-5 ym in diameter. The single chloroplast was a
parietal plate with one pyrenoid. They differed from Prescott's description
in the extension of the mother cell wall to form two bluntly rounded poles.
Polar nodules were lacking.
Very rare.
Plankton.
PI. 2, Fig. 7.
Oocystis sp.
Cells 37-40 ym long, 19-25 ym in diameter. Chloroplasts, 14-20 parietal
disks, usually with one pyrenoid apiece. Cells were solitary or in groups of
28
-------
4-8 enclosed in the old mother cell wall. Poles of cells had nodular
thickenings.
Common.
Tychoplankton.
PI. 2, Fig. 8.
Quadrigula Printz
Quadrigula lacustris (Chod.) G. M. Smith 1920.
Prescott. 1962: 260, PI. 59, Figs. 4 and 5.
Cells 21-23 ym long, 2-3 ym in diameter.
Very common.
Plankton and tychoplankton.
PI. 2, Fig. 12.
Zoochlorella spp. Zoochlorella Brand
Prescott. 1962: 235.
Zoochlorella was found inhabiting 2 protozoans: Paramecium bursaria,
(Jahn. 1949: 187, Fig. 298-D) and Acanthocystis turfacea Leidy, (Jahn. 1949:
104, Fig. 164).
Micractiniaceae
Golenkim'a Chodat
*Golenkinia paucispina West and West 1902.
Prescott. 1962: 213, PI. 45, Fig. 2.
Cells 20 ym in diameter (- spines), spines 10-12 ym long.
Very rare.
Benthic flocculum and sludge.
PI. 2, Fig. 9.
Dictyosphaeriaceae
Botryococcus Kilt zing
Botryococcus braunii Kutzing 1849.
Prescott. 1962: 232, PI. 52, Figs. 1,2, and 11.
Cells 6-8 ym long, 3.2-4 ym in diameter. Colonies were up to 200 ym
in diameter.
Very common.
Plankton, benthic floccculum, tychoplankton, epilithic, and sludge.
PI 2, Fig. 13.
Dictyosphaerium Nageli
Dictyosphaerium pulchellum Wood 1874.
Prescott. 1962: 238, PI. 51, Figs. 5-7.
Cells 4-9 ym in diameter.
29
-------
Very common.
Plankton.
PI. 2, Fig. 11.
Scenedesmaceae
Coelastrum Nageli
Coelastrum cambricum var. intermedium (Bohlin) G. S. West.
G. W. Prescott (personal correspondence).
Cells 7-9 ym in diameter. Coenobia was about 25 ym in diameter.
Rare.
Benthic flocculum on gravel.
PI. 3, Fig. 1.
*Coelastrum microporum Naegeli 1855.
Prescott. 1962: 230, PI. 53, Fig. 3.
Cells 6-13 ym in diameter. Coenobia were occasionally adhering to one
another forming compound colonies. The intercellular spaces characteristic
of the species were often lacking.
Common.
Plankton, tychoplankton, benthic flocculum, and sludge.
PI. 3, Figs. 2 and 3.
*Coelastrum printzii Rayss 1915.
Croasdale^1973: 56, PI. 8, Figs. 10-12.
Cells 12-14 ym in diameter. They had small triangular intercellular
spaces (not shown on Croasdale's illustrations).
Very rare.
Sludge.
PI. 3, Fig. 4.
*Coelastrum proboscideum Bohlin 1897.
Prescott. 1962: 230, PI. 53, Figs. 4, 5, and 8.
Cells 10 ym in length, 12 ym in diameter. Coenobium 25 ym in diameter.
Very rare.
Sludge.
PI. 3, Fig. 7.
Crucigenia Morren
Crucigenia rectangularis (Braun) Gay 1891.
PrescotE1962: 285, PI. 65, Figs. 7 and 8.
Cells 6-8 ym long, 3.5-4 ym in diameter.
Very common.
Plankton, tychoplankton, benthic flocculum, sludge, and epilithic.
PI. 3, Fig. 6.
Crucigenia quadrata Morren 1830 forma.
30
-------
Prescott. 1962: 285, PI. 65, Fig. 10.
Cells 8-10 ym long, 8-9 ym in diameter. Differed from type in larger
dimensions, about twice the size of other records.
Very rare.
Tychoplankton.
PI. 3, Fig. 5.
Enallax Pascher
*Ena11ax alpina Pascher 1943.
Bourrelly. 1966: 220, PI. 36, Fig. 19
Cells 19-20 ym long, 10-11 ym in diameter, with 4 longitudinal ribs.
Coenobium was a cluster of 4 staggered cells.
Very rare.
Sludge.
PI. 3, Fig. 8.
Scenedesmus Meyen
Scenedesmus bijuga (Turp.) Lagerheim 1893.
Prescott. 1962: 276, PI. 63, Figs. 2 and 7.
Cells 11-14 ym long, 3-5 ym in diameter.
Very rare.
Benthic flocculum.
PI. 3, Fig. 22.
Scenedesmus bijuga var. alternans (Reinsch) Hansgirg 1888.
Prescott. 1962: 277, PI. 63, Figs. 3 and 4.
Cells 10 ym long, 7 ym in diameter.
Very rare.
Sludge.
PI. 3, Fig. 9.
Scenedesmus dimorphus (Turp.) Kutzing 1833.
Prescott. 1962: 277, PI. 63, Figs. 8 and 9.
Cells 10-16 ym long, 3 ym in diameter.
Very rare.
Benthic flocculum.
PI. 3, Fig. 11.
Scenedesmus quadricauda (Turp.) Brebisson 1835.
Prescott. 1962: 280, PI. 64, Fig. 2.
Cells 14-19 ym long, 4-7 ym in diameter. Colonies were 4 and 8-celled.
Very common.
Plankton, tychoplankton, benthic flocculum, and sludge.
PI. 3, Fig. 10.
31
-------
Tetradesmus Smith
Tetradesmus sp.
Prescott. 1962: 283, PI. 64, Figs. 12-14.
Bowman. 1964: 43, PI. 7, Fig. 1.
Cells 11 urn long, 3-4 urn in diameter. They differed f rom J.
Wisconsinense by the cell ends being extended into sharp spines. This
feature was mentioned by Bowman (1964).
Very rare.
Benthic flocculum.
PI. 3, Fig. 21.
Hydrodictyaceae
Pediastrum Meyen
*Pediastrum anqulosum (Ehrenb.) Meneghini.
Prescott and Vinyard. 1965: 449, PI. 5, Figs. 9-18.
Cells (8)-12-23 urn long, (7)-10-18 ym wide. Eight and 16-celled coenobia
had smooth cell walls, while 32-celled coenobia had granulated cell walls.
Common.
Benthic flocculum and tychoplankton.
PI. 3, Fig. 15, and PI. 4, Fig. 2.
Pediastrum boryanum (Turp.) Meneghini 1840.
Prescott. 1962: 222, PI. 47, Fig. 9, and PI. 48, Figs. 1 and 3.
Cells (10)-13-20-(25) urn long, (7)-10-16 urn wide. Coenobia were 8, 16,
32, and 64-celled. Processes were variable in length and shape.
Very common.
Tychoplankton, sludge, and benthic flocculum.
PI. 3, Figs. 18, 19, and 23.
*Pediastrum boryanum var. undulatum Wille 1879.
Prescott. 1962: 223, PI. 48, Fig 2.
Cells 12-28 um long, 15-20 ym wide.
Rare.
Tychoplankton and benthic flocculum.
PI. 4, Figs. 1 and 3.
*Pediastrum braunii Wartmann 1862.
Prescott. 1962: 223, PI. 48, Fig. 5.
Calls 8-12 pm in diameter, smooth walls.
Very rare.
Sludge.
PI. 3, Fig. 12.
*Pediastrum integrum Nageli 1849.
Carter. 1973: 55, PI. 8, Fig. 4.
Prescott. 1962: 225, PI. 48, Figs. 9 and 10.
Cells 15-25 ym in diameter.
Very rare.
32
-------
Sludge.
PI. 3, Fig. 16.
Pediastrum muticum Klitzing 1849.
Prescott. 1962: 225, PI. 49, Fig. 8.
Cells 13-14 ym in diameter. The cells were smaller than Prescott1s which
were 20 urn in diameter.
Very rare.
Plankton.
PI. 3, Fig. 13.
*Pediastrum taylori Sienrinska 1965.
Sieminska. 1965: 100, PI. 2, Figs. 8-14.
Cells 11-15 ym long, 12-14 ym in diameter. The entire cell wall was
punctate. Colonies were 4, 8, and 16-celled.
Rare.
Tychoplankton, benthic flocculum, and sludge.
PI. 3, Fig. 17.
Pediastrum tetras (Ehrenb.) Ralfs 1844 forma.
Prescott. 1962: 227, PI. 50, Figs. 3 and 6.
Smith. 1920: 173, PI. 48, Figs. 9-12.
Cells 8-10 ym long, 9-10 ym in diameter. They differed from the type in
shallower peripheral incision and the margins were straight or only slightly
concave. Colonies 8-celled.
Rare.
Tychoplankton and benthic flocculum.
PI. 3, Fig. 14.
Pediastrum tetras var. tetraodon (Corda) Rabenhorst 1868.
Prescott. 1962: 227, PI. 50, Fig. 7.
Cells (4.5-6)-8.5-10 ym long, (4.8-5.5)-10-13 ym in diameter. The cells
were much smaller than Prescott1s.
Common.
Tychoplankton.
PI. 3, Figs. 20 and 24.
Sorastrum Klitzing
Sorastrum spinulosum Nageli 1849.
Prescott. 1962: 228, PI. 50, Fig. 9, and PI. 53, Fig. 1.
Cells 6-7 ym long, 8 ym wide, and 5 ym thick, with short spines, 3 ym
long.
Very rare.
Benthic flocculum.
PI. 4, Fig. 12.
Ulotrichales
Ulotrichaceae
33
-------
Ulothrix Kutzing
*Ulothrix variabills Kutzing 1849.
Prescott. 1962: 97, PI. 6, Fig. 13.
Cells 11-14 ym long, 6-7 ym in diameter. They had 1, sometimes 2
pyrenoids in each chloroplast.
Common. .
Plankton and tychoplankton (was not found attached to a substrate).
PI. 4, Fig. 18.
Chaetophorales
Chaetophoraceae
Microthamm'on N'a'geli
*Microthamnion strictissimum Rabenhorst 1859.
Prescott. 1962: 122, PI. 11, Figs. 5 and 6.
Cells 7-18 urn long, 3-4 ym in diameter.
Common.
Plankton, tychoplankton, benthic flocculum, and sludge (this plant was
not found attached in our samples).
PI. 4, Fig. 7.
Protoderma Kutzing
*Protoderma viride K'u'tzing 1843.
Prescott. 1962: 123, PI. 9, Fig. 10, and PI. 14, Fig. 10.
Cells 8-10 ym long, 4-5 ym in diameter.
Common.
Epiphytic on El odea.
PI. 4, Figs. 8 and 9.
Coleochaetaceae
Coleochaete Brebisson
*Co1eochaete orbicularis Pringsheim 1860.
Prescott. 1962: 129, PI. 18, Figs. 3-5.
Cells about 20 ym long, 10 ym in diameter, and thai 1 us up to 120 ym in
diameter.
Common.
Epiphytic on El odea and Rhizoclom'um crassipellitum.
PI. 4, Fig. 5.
Oedogoniales
Oedogoniaceae
34
-------
Bulbochaete Agardh
Bulbochaete sp.
Plants were observed only in the vegetative condition.
Very common.
Fragments were found in every habitat.
Oedogom'um Link
Oedogonium spp.?
The lack of adequate reproductive structures left species
identification(s) in doubt.
Very common in most habitats.
Siphonocladales
Cladophoraceae
Rhizoclonium Klitzing
*Rhizoc1onium crassipelliturn West and West 1897.
Prescott. 1962: 141, PI. 23, Fig. 1.
Cells (80)-125-185 ym long, 40-50 urn in diameter. Cell walls 5-9 ym
thick. The alga did not attain Prescott1s larger dimensions and it was in
soft water, whereas Prescott reported it in hard water lakes.
Common.
Tychoplankton and as a floating mat (6x8 meters).
PI. 4, Fig. 13.
Zygnematal es
Zygnemataceae
Mougeotia Agardh
Mougeotia spp.
Lack of mature reproductive structures made these plants impossible to
identify to species.
Common.
Spirogyra Link
Spirogyra gracilis (Mass.) Klitzing 1849.
Prescott. 1962: 315, (not illustrated).
Hylander. 1928: 109, PI. 17, Figs. 12 and 13.
Cells 50-150 ym long, 28-30 ym in diameter. Zygospore 42-44 ym long,
23-25 urn in diameter. They closely followed Prescott's description except
the cells had a greater diameter, and the zygospores had a slightly smaller
35
-------
diameter. Reproductive structures were rare.
Common.
Plankton.
PI. 55 Figs. 13 and 14.
Zygnema Agardh
Zygnema spp.
They lacked the reproductive structures necessary for species
determination.
Common.
Within a floating mat of Oedogonium sp.
Mesotaeniaceae
Cylindrocystis Meneghini
Cylindrocystis brebissonii Meneghini 1838.
Prescott, Croasdale, and Vinyard. 1972: 20, PI. 2, Figs. 1-5.
L. 32-43 ym, W. 14-15 ym.
Rare.
SI udge.
PI. 18, Figs. 4 and 5.
Gonatozygon de Bary
*Gonatozyqon aculeatum Hastings 1892.
Prescott, Croasdale, and Vinyard. 1972: 33, PI. 8, Figs. 13-15.
L. 150-269 um, W. 10-20 ym, Wa. 11-17 ym, Spines 6-6.5 urn.
Common.
Plankton, squeezings of Ranunculus, and sludge.
PI. 5, Figs. 6 and 7.
*Gonatozygon brebissonii de Bary 1858.
Prescott, Croasdale, and Vinyard. 1972: 34, PI. 8, Figs. 1-3 and 11.
L. 170-190 urn, W. 7.5-9 urn, Wa. 6 ym.
Very rare.
Benthic flocculum on gravel and tychoplankton (with Oedogonium).
PI. 5, Fig. 5.
Netrium Na'geli
Netrium digitus (Ehrenb.) Itzigsohn and Roth 1856.
Prescott, Croasdale, and Vinyard. 1972: 24, PI. 4, Figs. 14-16 and 21.
L. 142-312 ym, W. 42-82 ym.
Very common.
Sludge, seepage, and plankton.
PI. 6, Fig. 15.
36
-------
Netrium digitus var. naegelii (Breb.) Krieger 1935.
Prescott, Croasdale, and Vinyard. 1972: 26, PI. 5, Figs. 3 and 4.
L. 123 ym, W. 28 ym.
Very rare.
Sludge.
PI. 6, Fig. 14.
*Netrium interruptum (Breb.) Liitkemiiller 1902.
Prescott, Croasdale, and Vinyard. 1972: 28, PI. 5, Figs. 17 and 18.
L. 178 ym, W. 40 ym.
Very rare.
Sludge.
PI. 6, Fig. 16.
Desmidiceae
Closterium Nitzsch
Closterium dianae? Ehrenberg 1838.
Prescott, Croasdale, and Vinyard. 1975: 46, PI. 23, Figs. 16, 16a, and
17.
L. 192-2-214 ym, W. 20-21 ym, Wa. 3.5-5 ym.
Rare.
Tychoplankton.
PI. 6, Fig. 11.
Closterium dianae var. minor? Hieronymus 1895.
Prescott, Croasdale, and Vinyard. 1975: 47, PI. 23, Figs. 8 and 12.
L. 110-154 ym, W. 17.5-25 ym, Wa. 3-6 ym.
Rare.
Seepage and with Tetraspora lamellosa.
PI. 6, Fig. 12.
Closterium gracile Bre'bisson 1839.
Prescott, Croasdale, and Vinyard. 1975: 52, PI. 16, Figs. 2, 15, and
16.
L. 186-208 ym, W. 7-8 ym, Wa. 2.5-3 ym.
Benthic flocculum.
Rare.
PI. 6, Figs. 3 and 4.
Closterium intermedium Ralfs 1848.
Prescott, Croasdale, and Vinyard. 1975: 54, PI. 29, Figs. 10, lOa, and
11.
L. 245-275 ym, W. 15-16 ym, Wa. 6-7 ym.
Common.
Benthic flocculum and sludge.
PI. 6, Fig. 10.
37
-------
Closterium jenneri Ralfs 1848.
Prescott, Croasdale, and Vinyard. 1975: 55, PI. 23, Figs. 4 and 10.
L. 69-100 pm, W. .10-15 urn, Wa. 2.5-3 urn.
Rare.
Benthic flocculum and sludge.
PI. 6, Fig. 13.
Closterium libellula Focke 1847.
Prescott, Croasdale, and Vinyard. 1975: 60, PI. 12, Fig. 12.
L. 242 pm, W. 38 pm, Wa. 16 pm.
Very rare.
Sludge.
PI. 6, Fig. 1.
Closterium lunula forma gracilis Messikommer 1935.
Prescott, Croasdale, and Vinyard. 1975: 66, PI. 14, Fig. 15.
L. 420-590 pm, W. 80-100 pm, Wa. 20-21.5 pm.
Very common.
Benthic flocculum, tychoplankton, and sludge.
PI. 6, Fig. 9.
Closterium macilentum var. japonicurn (Sur.) Gronblad 1926 forma.
Prescott, Croasdale, and Vinyard. 1975: 68, PI. 22, Fig. 11.
L. 480-550 pm, W. 35-40 pm, Wa. 7-9 pm.
Common.
Plankton and sludge.
PI. 6, Figs. 5 and 6.
Closterium rostratum Ehrenberg 1832.
Prescott, Croasdale, and Vinyard. 1975: 83, PI, 31, Figs. 3 and 12.
L. 312 pm, W. 21 pm, Wa. 4 pm.
Rare.
Benthic flocculum on gravel shore.
PI. 6, Figs. 7 and 8.
Closterium striolatum Ehrenberg 1832.
Prescott, Croasdale, and Vinyard. 1975: 87, PI. 27, Figs. 1, 3, 10
(fa.), and 14, and PI. 28, Fig. 4.
L. 247-320 pm, W. 30-55 pm, Wa. 10-22 pm. An unusual form of the
species was also found in sludge sample 17.14 from Lake 2 containing numerous
Closterium identical to £. striolatum except for the large numbers of axial
pyrenoids, 9-25 per chloroplast.
Very common.
Sludge and benthic flocculum.
PI. 6, Fig. 2.
Cosmarium Corda
Many species of Cosmarium were transferred to the genus Actinotaenium by
Telling (1954). Since his nomenclature has been accepted by many students of
the desmids, both names, where applicable, are given in this text.
38
-------
*Cosmar1um abbreviatum Racib. forma minor West and West 1908.
West and West. 1908: 85, PI. 72, Fig. 12.
L. 10 ym, W. 12 ym, Th. 5.5 ym, Isth. 4 ym. It was slightly larger than
the Wests'. Krieger and Gerloff (1965), showed a name change to £.
abbreviatum Racib. forma minus along with their illustration, but did not
include a description (this is to follow in a forthcoming Part 3).
Very rare.
Sludge.
PI. 7, Fig. 10.
Cosmarium amoenum Brebisson 1849.
West and West. 1912: 29, PI. 102, Figs. 1-4, and PI. 103, Fig. 9.
L. 57-58 urn, W. 31-33 ym, Th. 30 ym, Isth. 16-18 ym.
Common.
Moss squeezings and wet soil.
PI. 10, Fig. 2.
*Cosmarium angulosum Brebisson 1856.
Krieger and Gerloff. 1965: 190, PI. 37, Fig. 13.
L. 17 pm, W. 12.5 pm, Isth. 4 ym.
Rare.
Squeezings of El odea and benthic flocculum.
PI. 8, Fig. 14.
*Cosmarium askenasyii Schmidle var. americana Carter 1935.
Carter. 1935: 160, Figs. 43-45.
L. 82-92 ym, W. 66-74 ym, Th. 43 ym, Isth. 24-28 ym.
Rare.
Wet soil.
PI. 9, Fig. 10.
Cosmarium bioculatum Brebisson 1835.
West and West. 1905: 165, PI. 61, Figs. 3-7.
L. 24-25 urn, W. 18-20 ym, Th. 11-13 ym, Isth. 6.5-7 ym. They were
slightly larger than the Wests'.
Common.
Net tow through 15 centimeters of water. Note: Most of the numerous
desmids in this net tow sample had strands of mucilage extending out from
their pores as illustrated on PI. 8, Fig. 12.
PI. 8, Figs. 7 and 12.
*Cosmarium bipunctatum Bbrge. 1890.
West and West. 1908: 213, PI. 85, Fig. 6.
L. 22-24 ym, W. 19-22 ym, Th. 15-16 ym, Isth. 6-8 pm. Ours was longer
than wide.
Common.
Benthic flocculum and epilithic with Tetraspora lamellosa.
PI. 11, Fig. 8.
Cosmarium botrytis var. tumidum Wolle 1892. forma?
There are noteworthy variations in several reports of this plant
39
-------
including my own. Wolle's plant, as originally described, apparently had a
central swelling on the face of the semicell and larger granules in the
central area. West and West (1912) noted, "often with one large granule
adjacent to the isthmus", otherwise similar to Wolle's plant. Croasdale's
(1956) plant lacked the central swelling but had a basal granule. Wade
(1957) formed a new taxon, £. botrytis var. tumidurn forma nudum. which was
similar to Croasdale's plant and mine. Not having seen Wolle or Wade's
descriptions I hesitate to assign this plant to a specific taxon. The
following description will suffice until more information becomes available.
L. 70-77 ym, W. 55-62 ym, Th. 34-36 ym, Isth. 13-16-(19) ym. The
semicells were semi-circular, with slightly flattened apices, were circular
to broadly oval in side view, and were elliptic with sides parallel in end
view. Granules were in more or less concentric series within the margin,
becoming larger and scattered in the central area. The cell wall lacked
granules on the apex and on both sides of the central area, and was punctate
everywhere except smooth areas on the face of the semicell. The basal
granule was always present.
Very common.
Found in most habitats.
PI. 9, Fig. 3.
*Cosmarium connatum Brebisson 1848.
West and West. 1908: 25, PI. 67, Figs. 15-17.
L. 73 ym, W. 51 ym, Isth. 38 ym.
Very rare.
Benthic flocculum.
PI. 11, Fig. 11.
*Cosmarium contractum var. ellipspideum (Elfv.) West and West 1905.
West and West. 1905: 172, PI. 61, Figs. 28 and 35.
Prescott and Scott. 1952: 8, Fig. 3, No. 8.
L. 36-40 ym, W. 29-32 ym, Th. 21 ym, Isth. 9.5-11 ym. Wall was
delicately punctate.
Common.
Net tow through 15 centimeters of water and sludge.
PI. 8, Fig. 8.
Cosmarium crenatum Ral fs 1844.
West and West. 1912: 35, PI. 98, Figs. 9-12.
L. 36 ym, W. 32 ym, Th. 23 pm, Isth. 7 ym.
Common.
Sludge.
PI. 10, Fig. 5.
*Cosmarium cymatonotophorum W. West var. granulatum Gronblad.
G. W. Prescott (personal correspondence).
L. 15 ym, W. 14 ym, Th. 12 ym, Isth. 7.5 ym. The central protuberance
was more pronounced than in the type. The granules were flat and difficult
to see.
Very rare.
Sludge.
40
-------
PI. 11, Fig. 6.
*Cosmarium difficile Liitkem. var. dilatatum Bbrge forma nov.
G. W. Prescott (personal correspondence).
L. 25-29 ym, W. 16-18 ym, Th. 10-11 ym, Isth. 4.5 ym. They lacked the
two transverse series of wall pits characteristic of the variety. Wall had
minute, dense punctae.
Rare.
Sludge.
PI. 8, Figs. 1 and 2.
Cosmarium formulosum Hoff 1888.
West and West. 1908: 240, PI. 88, Figs. 1-3.
L. 40-43 ym, W. 35-39 ym, Th. 22 ym, Isth. 10-14 ym. Granulation was
variable due to frequent fusion of granules. Central protuberance had 3-5
vertical rows of granules, subtended by a curved row of 5 granules. Punctae
were sometimes present between the granules on the central protuberance.
Common.
Squeezings of Ranunculus, epilithic, and plankton.
PI. 11, Figs. 9 and 10.
*Cosmarium globosum Bulnheimi 1861.
(Actinotaenium subglobosum (Nordst.) Tailing 1954.)
West and West. 1908: 29, PI. 68, Figs. 1 and 2.
L. 32-37 ym, W. 20-21 ym, Isth. 17-17.5 ym.
Common.
Sludge and benthic flocculum.
PI. 7, Fig. 1.
*Cosmarium hammeri Reinsch 1867.
West and West. 1905: 181, PI. 62, Figs. 20 and 21.
L. 30-33 ym, W. 23-26 ym, Th. 14-15 ym, Isth. 7.5-8 ym. The form was
smaller than the Wests' which measured 40-50 ym x 27-35 ym.
Rare.
Sludge.
PI. 7, Fig. 12.
*Cosmarium humile? (Gay) Nordst. var. striatum (Boldt) Schmidle 1895.
Taylor. 1934: 254, PI. 51, Figs. 27-29.
West and West. 1908: 223, PI. 85, Figs. 21 and 22.
L. 14 ym, W. 13 ym, Isth. 4-5 ym. Assignment to this species was
questionable due to the lack of an undulate apex, but Taylor (1934) noted a
reduction of this feature on his smaller forms.
Rare.
Benthic flocculum and tychoplankton.
PI. 8, Fig. 6.
Cosmarium impressulum Elfving 1881. <*
Krieger and Gerloff. 1965: 133, PI. 29, Fig. 4.
L. 31 ym, W. 20 ym, Th. 14 ym, Isth. 8 ym.
Rare.
Squeezings of moss.
41
-------
PI. 7, Fig. 5.
Cosmarium impressulum Elfving 1881. 3
Krieger and Gerloff. 1965: 133, PI. 29, Fig. 4.
L. 17-20 pm, W. 13-15 pm, Th. 10 pm, Isth. 5 pm. The dimensions of this
form and « above were within the limits of the type. These, however, based
on cell dimensions, formed two distinct groups without intermediates.
Rare.
Seepage and squeezings of Elodea.
PI. 7, Fig. 7.
Cosmarium intermedium Delponte 1877.
West and West. 1908: 138, PI. 76, Fig. 10.
L. 58-63 pm, W. 50-58 pm, Isth. 15-17 urn.
Rare.
Epilithic with Tetraspora lamellosa.
PI. 10, Figs. 3 and 4.
*Cosmarium laeve Rabenhorst var. nov.?
West and West. 1908: 99, PI. 73, Figs. 8-19.
L. 22 pm, W. 18 pm, Th. 9 urn, Isth. 6 pm. Cells were about 1 1/4 times
as long as broad; semicells were semi-oblong, the apex was narrowly truncated
and retuse as in the type, and sparsely punctate. The side view of the
semicell was sub-ovate, and the apex was narrower than the base. The
vertical view was elliptic. They differed from the type by the presence of a
central pore.
Rare.
Benthic flocculum.
PI. 7, Fig. 8.
*Cosmarium margaritatum (Lund.) Roy and Biss. forma subrotundata West and
West 1912.
West and West. 1912: 19, PI. 100, Fig. 1.
L. 70 pm, W. 56 pm, Th. 38 pm, Isth. 22 pm.
Rare.
Wet soil.
PI. 10, Fig. 1.
*Cosmarium novae-semiiae var. qranulatum Schmidle 1898.
Croasdale. 1956: 42, PI. 8, Fig. 9.
L. 18-19 pm, W. 17-19.5 pm, Th. 12 pm, Isth. 8 pm.
Rare.
Sludge and squeezings of moss.
PI. 11, Fig. 5.
*Cosmarium ornatum var. perornatum Grb'nblad 1948.
Croasdale and Grbnblad. 1964: 183, PI. 13, Figs. 26 a27.
L. 35-40 pm, W. 35-38.5 pm, Th. 23 pm, Isth. 12-13 pm.
Rare.
Benthic flocculum and sludge.
PI. 9, Fig. 1.
42
-------
Cosmarium portianum Archer 1860.
West and West. 1908: 165, PI. 80, Figs. 4-7.
L. 35-38 ym, W. 26-28 ym, Th. 20 ym, Isth. 10-12 ym.
Common.
Benthic flocculum and sludge.
PI. 9, Fig. 5.
*Cosmarium pseudoarctoum Nordstedt 1879.
Actinotaenium cruciferm (de Bary) Teiling 1954.J
test and West. 1908: 32, PI. 118, Figs. 12-14, and PI. 122, Figs. 40
and 41.
L. 22-23 ym, W. 15-16 ym, Isth. 13.5-14 ym.
Rare.
Sludge in Carex marsh.
PI. 7, Fig. 6.
*Cosmariutn pseudoprotuberans forma minus Kossinskaja 1936.
Croasdale. 1956: 47, PI. 10, Fig. 5.
Hirano. 1968: 27, PI. 5, Figs. 10-13 and 16.
L. 20 ym, W. 20.5 ym, Th. 10 urn, Isth. 7 ym.
Rare.
Plankton.
PI. 8, Fig. 10.
*Cosmarium pseudopyramidatum Lund, var extensum (Nordst.) Gerloff 1965.
Krieger and Gerloff.T965: 127, PI. 26, Fig. 8.
L. 69-74 ym, W. 37-42 ym, Th. 25 ym, Isth. 15-16 ym. Most specimens
closely fit the published description but several cells had a depressed apex
as in var. excavatum.
Common.
Sludge and wet soil.
PI. 8, Figs. 4 and 5.
*Cosmarium pseudoquadratulum Prescott and Scott 1952.
Prescott and Scott. 1952: 11, Fig. 5, No. 12.
L. 15-17.5 ym, W. 13-13.2 ym, Th. 7-8 ym, Isth. 3 ym.
Rare.
Sludge.
PI. 7, Fig. 11.
Cosmarium pyramidatum Brebisson 1848.
Krieger and Gerloff. 1965: 121, PI. 25, Fig. 3.
L. 70-74 ym, W. 38-48 ym, Th. 28 ym, Isth. 15-17 ym.
Cells had 1-3 pyrenoids per semicell.
Common.
Sludge and seepage.
PI. 7, Figs. 3 and 4.
*Cosmarium quadratum Ralfs forma willei West and West 1908.
West and West. 1908: 59, PI. 87, Figs. 21 and 22.
L. 52-61 ym, W. 28-33 ym, Isth. 16-20 ym.
Common.
43
-------
Moss squeezings.
PI. 8, Fig. 9.
*Cosmarium quinarium Lundell 1871.
West and West. 1908: 216, PI. 85, Figs. 9 and 10.
L. 47-50 ym, W. 36-40 um, Isth. 9-12 ym. Ours differed from the Wests'
by having numerous small punctations about the central granules.
Common.
Sludge.
PI. 9, Fig. 4.
*Cosmarium rectangulare Grun. var. hexagom'um (Elfv.) West and West 1908.
West and West. 1908: 56, PI. 80, Fig. 4.
L. 26-30 ym, W. 21-24 ym, Th. 14 ym, Isth. 7-9 ym.
Common.
Net tow in 15 centimeters of water, sludge, and net tow in Elodea.
PI. 7, Fig. 2.
Cosmarium reniforme (Ralfs) Archer 1874.
West and West. 1908: 157, PI. 79, Figs. 1 and 2, and PI. 82, Fig. 15.
L. 45-49 ym, W. 40-42.5 ym, Th. 24 ym, Isth. 12-14 ym.
Common.
Squeezings of Elodea. squeezings of Ranunculus, and epilithic.
PI. 9, Fig. 6.
*Cosmarium sexangulare Lundell 1871.
West and West. 1908: 81, PI. 72, Fig. 3.
Prescott and Vinyard. 1965: 467, PI. 11, Fig. 26.
L. 33-34 ym, W. 25-27 ym, Isth. 8 ym.
Rare.
Sludge and epilithic with Tetraspora lamellosa.
PI. 7, Fig. 13.
*Cosmarium sexnotatum Gutw. var. tristriatum (Liitkem.) Schmidle 1895.
WesFand West. 1908: 228, PI. 86, Figs. 8 and 9.
L. 17-18 ym, W. 17-19 ym, Th. 11 ym, Isth. 5-6 ym.
Common.
Benthic flocculum on gravel, sludge, and tychoplankton.
PI. 11, Figs. 3 and 4.
*Cosmarium subarctoum (Lagerh.) Raciborski 1892.
Kreujer and Gerloff. 1962: 69, PI. 16, Fig. 8.
L. 15 ym, W. 11-11.5 ym, Th. 7.5 ym, Isth. 8 ym.
Rare.
Sludge.
PI. 7, Fig. 9.
Cosmarium subcrenatum Hantz. var. isthmochondrum Messikommer 1938.
Croasdale. 1973: 105, PI. 16, Figs. 18-20.
L. 27.5-33 ym, W. 25-28.5 ym, Th. 17 ym, Isth. 7.5-10 ym.
Apex was smooth except for a few small scattered granules.
Common.
44
-------
Plankton, tychoplankton, sludge, and benthic flocculum.
PI. 9, Fig. 2, and PI. 11, Figs. 1 and 2.
Cosmarium subspeciosum var. validius Nordst. 1887.
Croasdale and Grbnblad. 1964: 187, PI. 15, Figs. 1-3.
L. 72-79 ym, W. 48-59 ym, Th. 35-38 ym, Isth. 18-20 ym. These were
quite similar to Croasdale and Grbnblad's form.
Common.
Benthic flocculum and sludge.
PI. 10, Figs. 8-11.
There apparently was a second form, larger than the first, lacking
apical granules, and with 9 vertical series of granules on the central tumor.
L. 84-92 urn, W. 53-69 urn, Th. 42 ym, Isth. 20-22 ym.
Common.
Benthic flocculum on gravel shore.
PI. 10, Figs. 6 and 7.
*Cosmarium subtumidum Nordst. var. minutum (Krieger) Krieger and Gerloff
1965.
Krieger and Gerloff. 1965: 164, PI. 34, Fig. 4.
L. 16.5 ym, W. 14 ym, Th. 7.5 ym, Isth. 4 ym. Differed from typical
variety in smaller L/W ratio. Considered a tropical species by Krieger and
Gerloff (1965), who previously reported it in Java, Sumatra, and Brazil.
Very rare.
Epilithic with Tetraspora lamellosa.
PI. 8, Fig. 13.
*Cosmarium tenue Arch. var. depressum Irenee-Marie 1952.
Irdnee-Marie. 1952: 134, PI. 12, Fig. 11.
Croasdale. 1956: 56, PI. 5, Fig. 13.
L. 8-10 ym, W. 8-9 ym, Isth. 2.5-3 ym.
Very rare (probably often overlooked).
Plankton and sludge.
PI. 8, Fig. 11.
*Cosmarium trachypleurum var. fallax Lutkemuller.
G. W. Prescott (personal correspondence).
L. 34 ym, W. 32 ym, Th. 21 ym, Isth. 4.5 ym.
Very rare.
Benthic flocculum.
PI. 11, Fig.7.
*Cosmarium undulatum Corda ex Ralfs var. minutum Wittrock 1869.
Krieger and Gerloff. 1962: 41, PI. 11, Fig. 11.
L. 29-34 um, W. 21-25 ym, Th. 15-17 ym, Isth. 8-10 ym.
Rare.
Sqeezings of moss.
PI. 8, Fig. 15.
*Cosmarium ungerianum (Nag.) de Bary 1858 forma.
G. W. Prescott (personal correspondence).
45
-------
Croasdale. 1956: 59, PI. 12, Figs. 9-14.
L. 55-60 jim, W. 41-47 ym, Th. 30-33 ym, Isth. 13-14 ym. Large, often low
granules usually formed 4, sometimes 3 or 5 horizontal rows, each granule
ringed with 6 distinct scrobiculations. Scrobiculations were circular,
sometimes triangular on the central cell wall. Apex was scattered with
scrobiculations or possibly large pores.
Very common.
Benthic flocculum and net tow in 15 centimeters of water.
PI. 9, Figs. 7-9.
*Cosmarium venustum (Breb.) Arch. var. excavatum W. West.
Grbnblad":T962: 478, PI. 102, Fig. 13e.
L. 33-36 ym, W. 24-26 ym, Th. 16 ym, Isth. 7-10 ym.
Rare.
Sludge and wet soil.
PI. 8, Fig. 3.
Desmidium Agardh
*Desmidium grevillii (Klitz.) de Bary.
Taylor. 1935: 219, PI. 34, Fig. 11, and Pi. 49, Figs. 4 and 5.
L. 18-19 ym, W. 40-41 ym.
Very rare.
Squeezings of Elodea.
PI. 5, Fig. 11.
Euastrum Ehrenberg
*Euastrum ansatum Ehrenb. var. pyxidatum Delponte 1876.
Kreiger. 1937: 489, PI. 58, Fig. 7.
L. 54 ym, W. 27 ym, Isth. 9 ym.
Rare.
Benthic flocculum.
PI. 13, Fig. 5.
*Euastrum ansatum Ehreb. var. triporum Krieger 1937.
Krieger. 1937: 492, PI. 59, Fig. 8.
L. 84-90 ym, W. 42-44 ym, Wa. 20 ym, Th. 28 ym, Isth. 13 ym.
Rare.
Sludge.
PI. 12, Fig. 3.
Euastrum bidentatum Nag. var. speciosum (Boldt) Schmidle 1898.
Krieger; 1937: 603, PI. 85, Figs. 3-6.
L. 60-70 ym, W. 42-47 ym, Wa. 25 ym, Isth. 9-12 ym.
Common.
Sludge and net tow in 15 centimeters of water.
PI. 12, Fig. 2.
*Euastrum dentlculatum var. angusticeps Grbnblad 1921.
46
-------
Krieger. 1937: 584, PI. 80, Figs. 18 and 19.
Prescott and Scott. 1945: 236, PI. 2, Fig. 13.
L. 21.5-23 um, W. 15.5-18 um, Wa. 13 um, Th. 13 urn, Isth. 5 um.
Granulation best fit Prescott and Scott's species description, but the
lateral view was of the variety.
Rare.
Sludge and benthic flocculum.
PI. 12, Fig. 5.
*Euastrum didelta Ralfs 1844.
Krieger. 1937: 517, PI. 67, Figs. 1-3.
L. 115-128 um, W. 65-70 um, Wa. 28-29 um, Isth. 18 um.
Rare.
Benthic flocculum on gravel shore.
PI. 13, Fig. 6.
Euastrum elegans (Br^b.) Kiitzing 1845.
Krieger. 1937: 591, PI. 81, Figs. 14-18.
L. 30-33 um, W. 21-24 um, Wa. 15 um, Isth. 4-7 um.
Common.
Benthic flocculum, squeezings of Ranunculus, and net tow in 15
centimeters of water.
PI. 13, Fig. 4.
Euastrum gemmatum Brel). var. taftii Prescott (1977).
Prescott, Croasdale and Vinyard. 1977: 62, PI. 76, Fig. 22, and PI. 82,
Figs. 3, 5.
L. 48-57 um, W. 37-40 um, Isth. 10-11.5 um.
Rare.
Sludge.
PI. 13, Figs. 7 and 8.
*Euastrum obesum Joshua 1886.
Krieger. 1937: 495, PI. 59, Figs. 9 and 10.
L. 51-58 um, W. 30-34 um, Wa. 17-18 um, Th. 17 um, Isth. 11-12 um. They
were densely and delicately punctate.
Rare.
Sludge.
PI. 12, Fig. 4.
Euastrum oblongum (Grev.) Ralfs 1844.
Krieger. 1937: 526, PI. 70, Figs. 3-6.
L. 136-186 um, W. 68-92 um, Wa. 40 um, Th. 42 um, Isth. 19-28 um.
Common.
Benthic flocculum on gravel shore, sludge, and wet soil.
PI. 12, Fig. 1.
*Euastrum verrucosum Ehrenb. var. perforatum Gronblad 1920.
Krieger. 1937: 649, PI. 95, Fig. 6.
L. 118 um, W. 106 um, Wa. 36 um, Isth. 25 um. They lacked upper lateral
lobes.
Rare.
47
-------
Benthic flocculum on gravel shore.
PI. 13, Fig. 1.
Euastrum verrocosum Ehrenb. var. rhomboideum Lundell 1871.
Krieger. 1937: 650, PI. 96, Fig. 2.
L. 100-120 Mm, W. 86-94 ym, Wa. 32 ym, Th. 51 ym, Isth. 20-22 ym . They
had pores on the central protuberance.
Common.
Net tow in 15 centimeters of water and benthic flocculum on gravel
shore.
PI. 13, Fig. 2.
*Euastrum verrucosum Ehrenb. var. vallesiacum Viret 1909.
Kriegerl15177 653, PI. 96, Fig. 8.
L. 83-90 ym, W. 68-73 ym, Isth. 20-21 ym. Interlobular surfaces were
smooth.
Rare.
Seepage.
PI. 13, Fig. 3.
All three varieties of £. verrucosum were found in the same or similar
habitats within Rae Lake 2. Perhaps the validity of these varieties should
be re-examined.
Micrasterias Agardh
Micrasterias americana (Ehrenb.) Ralfs 1848.
West and West. 1905: 116, PI. 53, Figs. 1-3.
L. 168-170 ym, W. 150-153 ym, Wa. 76-78 ym, Isth. 26-30 ym. They were
larger than the Wests' in all dimensions.
Rare.
Benthic flocculum and benthic flocculum on gravel shore.
PI. 12, Fig. 8.
*Micrasterias conferta Lundell 1871.
West and West. 1905: 88, PI. 43, Figs. 4-8.
L. 96-110 ym, W. 77-85 ym, Isth. 21-25 ym. Some cells with apparent
concretions of mucilage, affected both semicells.
Rare.
Sludge.
PI. 14, Figs. 5 and 6.
*Micrasterias denticulata var. angulosa (Hantzs.) West and West 1902.
West and WesE T9U5: 107, PI. 2, Figs. 3 and 4.
L. 262-277 ym, W. 200-214 ym, Th. 60 ym, Isth. 35-37.5 ym. Walls were
smooth and non-punctate.
Rare.
Benthic flocculum and sludge.
PI. 14, Figs. 1 and 8.
*Micrasterias muricata var. tumida West and West 1896.
Krieger. 1937: 75, PI. 119, Fig. 7.
48
-------
L. 172 ym, W. 120 ym, Wa. 80-90 ym, Th. 45 ym , Isth. 30 ym. Walls were
punctate and the tips of each process had five points. The isthmus was almost
twice the width of Krieger's.
Very rare.
Benthic flocculum.
PI. 14, Fig. 7.
Micrasterias pinnatifida (Klitz.) Ralfs 1848.
West and West. 1905: 80, PI. 41, Figs. 7-11 and 13.
L. 62-73 ym, W. 58-74 ym, Wa. 39-50 ym, Isth. 15 ym. Lobular
attenuations were bluntly granular or sharply extended.
Common.
Seepage and sludge.
PI. 14, Figs 2 and 3.
*Micrasterias rotata (Grev.) Ralfs 1844.
West and West. 1905: 102, PI. 48, Figs. 1-6.
L. 250-300 ym, W. 225-273 ym, Isth. 37-40 ym.
Common.
Benthic flocculum and squeezings of Elodea.
PI. 14, Fig. 4.
*Micrasterias rotata forma evoluta Turner 1893.
West and West. 1905: 104, (not illustrated).
L. 266-292 ym, W. 235-295 ym, Isth. 38-42 ym. They had a tooth on one
side of the median emargination and a swelling on the other instead of a
tooth on both sides. The tooth on the front side was opposite a swelling on
the back side.
Common.
Benthic flocculum on gravel shore and squeezings of Elodea.
PI. 12, Fig. 6.
Micrasterias truncata var. neodamensis (Braun) Dick 1926.
Prescott and Scott. 1952: 250, PI. 7, Fig. 5.
L. 110 ym, W. 95 ym, Isth. 23 ym. They were punctate and almost twice
the size of Prescott and Scott's (L. 66 ym, W. 65 ym, Isth. 16 ym).
Rare.
Seepage.
PI. 12, Fig. 7.
Pern'urn Brebisson
*Penium spirostriolatum Barker 1869.
West and West. 1904: 88, PI. 9, Figs. 1-8.
L. 185 ym, W. (at constriction) 25 ym, Wa. 16 ym.
Very rare.
Sludge.
PI. 5, Figs. 8 and 9.
Pleurotaenium Na'geli
49
-------
Pleurotaem'um ehrenbergii (Breb.) de Bary 1858.
Krelger. 1937: 410, PI. 42, Figs. 4-8.
L. 515-650 ym, W. (at constriction) 26-47 ym, Wa. 22-27 \im.
Very common.
Benthic flocculum on gravel and squeezings of Ranunculus.
PI. 5, Figs. 2 and 3.
*P1eurotaenium trabecula var. elongatum Cedergren 1913.
Krieger. 1937: 399, PI. 40, Fig. 5.
L. 620-700 ym, W. (at constriction) 25-35 ym, Wa. 20-28 ym.
Rare.
Plankton, net tow in El odea, and epilithic with Nostoc parmelioides.
PI. 5, Fig. 4.
*Pleurotaem'um trabecula (Ehrenb.) Naeg. var. maximum (Reinsch) Roll 1927.
Krieger. 1937: 400, PI. 40, Fig. 8.
L. 670-800 ym, W. (at constriction) 50-52 ym, Wa. 38-45 ym. Margins were
undulate with large basal inflation (70 ym in diameter). Two plants were
found; one which may be abnormal had a swollen apex and large inflation (80
ym) above the basal inflation.
Very rare.
Benthic flocculum on gravel.
PI. 5, Fig. 1.
Spondylosium Bre'bisson
*Spondylosium planum (Wolle) West and West 1912.
West, West and Carter. 1923: 222, PI. 160, Figs. 23-25.
L. 8-10 ym, W. 10-13 ym, Th. 5 ym, Isth. 4-6 ym.
Rare.
Sludge in Carex marsh, squeezings of Ranunculus, and net tow in 15
centimeters of water.
PI. 18, Fig. 7.
*Spondylosium pulchellum Archer 1858.
West, West and Carter. 1923: 227, PI. 161, Figs. 1-3.
L. 11-13 ym, W. 9-11 ym, Wa. 7-7.5 ym, Isth. 3.5-4.5 ym.
Very rare.
Sludge.
PI. 18, Fig. 6.
Staurastrum Meyen
Many species of Staurastrum were transferred to the genus Staurodesmus
by Teiling (1967). Since his nomenclature has been accepted by many students
of the desmids, both names, wherever applicable, are given in this text.
*Staurastrum acarides Nordstedt 1872.
West, West and Carter. 1923: 73, PI. 140, Figs. 6 and 7.
L. 40 ym, W. 30 ym, Wa. 20 ym, Isth. 15 ym.
50
-------
Very rare.
Wet soil.
PI. 16, Fig. 4.
Staurastrum alternans Bre'bisson 1848.
West and West. 1912: 170, PI. 126, Figs. 8 and 9.
L. 28-32 ym, W. 32-35 ym, Isth. 10-13 ym. Granules were sharp and
distinct.
Common.
Sludge and benthic flocculum on gravel.
PI. 17, Figs. 9 and 11.
*Staurastrum anatinum Cooke and Wills 1880.
West, West and Carter. 1923: 142, PI. 147, Fig. 1.
L. 43-50 ym, W. 85-100 ym, Isth. 12 ym. They were similar to the
smaller form described by the Wests and Carter.
Common.
Squeezings of Ranunculus, plankton, net tow in creek, and net tow in 15
centimeters of water.
PI. 16, Figs. 1 and 2.
Staurastrum arctiscon (Ehrenb.) Lundel1 1871.
West, West and Carter. 1923: 193, PI. 157, Fig. 5.
L. (body) 63-66 urn, L. (+ processes) 122-124 um, W. (body) 43-45 ym, W.
(+ processes) 108-130 ym, Isth. 23 ym.
Very common.
Occurred in most habitats.
PI. 18, Fig. 1.
Staurastrum brebissonii Archer 1861.
West, West and Carter. 1923: 61, PI. 137, Figs. 4 and 5.
L. (body) 43 ym, W. (body) 47-56 ym, Spines 4-5 ym, Isth. 15 ym.
Rare.
Benthic flocculum on gravel.
PI. 15, Fig. 13.
*Staurastrum breviaculeatum Smith 1924.
Smith. 1924: 78, PI. 70, Figs. 10-18.
L. (body) 43-44 ym, W. (body) 38-40 ym, Spines 3-7 ym, Isth. 13-16 ym.
Length and number of spines were variable in our material.
Very common.
Sludge and benthic flocculum.
PI. 17, Figs. 1-3.
Staurastrum brevispinum Brebisson 1848.
(Staurodesmus brevispina (Breb.) Croasdale 1957.]
Smith. 1924: 68, Fig. 7, A-E.
L. 43 ym, W. 42 ym, Isth. 13 ym.
Rare.
Squeezings of El odea and plankton.
PI. 18, Fig. 3~
*Staurastrum crenulatum (Nag.) Delponte 1887.
51
-------
West, West and Carter. 1923: 110, PI. 143, Figs. 9-13.
L. 23 ym, W. 37 ym, Isth. 5 ym.
Very rare.
Squeezings of Ranunculus.
PI. 17, Fig. 10.
Staurastrum cuspidatum Brebisson 1840.
[Staurodesmus cuspidatus (Brels.) Teiling 1967.J
Smith. 1924: 74, PI. 68, Figs. 27-34.
L. 22 ym, W. (- spines) 19-20 ym, W. (+ spines) 38-40 ym, Isth. 5 ym,
Spines 9-11 ym.
Common.
Benthic flocculum.
PI. 17, Fig. 8.
Staurastrum dickiei Ralfe var. circulare Turner 1893.
Staurodesmus convergens var. laportei Teiling 1967.]
test, West and Carter. 1923: 5, PI. 124, Fig. 16.
L. 30 ym, W. 33 ym, Isth. 11 ym.
Very rare.
Seepage into Lake 2.
PI. 15, Fig. 4.
*Staurastrum grande Bulnh. var. anqulosum Grbnblad 1920.
(Staurodesmus grandis (Bulnh.) Teiling 1967.J
Grbnblad.T32Q: 66, PI. 3, Figs. 107 and 108.
L. 44-45 ym, W. 40-43 ym, Isth. 13-19 ym. They were smaller than
Gronblad's and the cell wall was thickened at the basal angles.
Common.
Sludge.
PI. 15, Fig. 6.
Staurastrum kurilense Okada 1924.
Vinyard. 1951: 44, PI. 11, Figs. 3 and 4.
Carter. 1935: 171, Figs. 12 and 13.
L. 36 ym, W. 32 x 60 ym, Isth. 12 ym. They were sparsely punctate.
Carter reported this plant as Staurastrum natator West var. rhomboideum.
Vinyard noted that Okada1s description had priority.
Rare.
Sludge and benthic flocculum.
PI. 17, Figs. 6 and 7.
Staurastrum kurilense fa. triquetra Carter 1935.
Vinyard"! 1951: 45, PI. 11, Fig. 5.
Carter. 1935: 171, Figs. 33 and 34.
L. 46 ym, W. 43-46 ym, Isth. 14 ym. Vinyard (1951) noted that, "this is
a 3-angled form of the species figured by Wailes (1930b), and described by
Carter as a form of St. natator". See St. kurilense above. Mine differed in
the number and position of the apical verrucose processes, with 9 instead of
6, 1 above each short lateral process and 2 above each long lateral process.
Cell wall was sparsely punctate.
Very rare.
52
-------
Benthic flocculum.
PI. 17, Figs. 4 and 5.
Staurastrum margaritaceum (Ehrenb.) Meneghini 1840.
West, West and Carter. 1923: 131, PI. 150, Figs. 5-9.
L. 33 ym, W. 29-34 ym, Isth. 10 ym.
Very rare.
Benthic flocculum on gravel shore.
PI. 15, Fig. 14.
*Staurastrum orbiculare Ralfs 1845.
West and West. 1912: 155, PI. 124, Figs. 10 and 11.
L. 45-48 ym, W. 28-37 ym, Isth. 11-12 ym.
Rare.
Sludge and benthic flocculum.
PI. 15, Fig. 9.
*Staurastrum pachyrhynchum Nordstedt 1875.
Staurodesmus pachyrhynchus (Nordst.) Telling 1963.]
test and West. 1912: 151, PI. 121, Figs. 8 and 9.
L. 33-35 ym, W. 27-30 ym, Isth. 10-11 ym.
Common.
Sludge.
PI. 15, Fig. 7.
*Staurastrum polom'cum Raciborski 1884.
6. W. Prescott (personal correspondence).
L. 40-43 ym, W. 28-32 ym, Isth. 18-20 ym. Plants were 7 or 8 angled.
Common.
Squeezings of moss and wet soil.
PI. 15, Fig. 10.
*Staurastrum polymorphum Brebisson 1848.
West, West and Carter. 1923: 125, PI. 142, Fig. 24, and PI. 143, Figs.
1-3.
L. 20-22 ym, W. 27-28 ym, Isth. 7.5 ym.
Rare.
Sludge and epilithic.
PI. 15, Fig. 12.
*Staurastrum punctulatum Brebisson 1848.
Prescott and Scott. 1951: 64, Fig. 14, No. 18.
West and West. 1912: 179, PI. 127, Figs. 8-11, 13, and 14.
L. 30-34 ym, W. 32-40 ym, Isth. 10-12 ym. Granules were flattened.
Common.
Benthic flocculum on gravel shore and sludge in El odea,
PI. 15, Fig. 11.
*Staurastrum punctulatum Breb. var. kjellmani Wille 1879.
West and West. 1912: 182, PI. 127, Figs. 13, 17-19, 21, and 22.
L. 32.5-43 ym, W. 29-38 ym, Isth. 12-17.5 ym. The semicells were 3 and
4-angled and the 4-angled forms were larger.
53
-------
Common.
Epilithic, benthic flocculum, and benthic flocculum on gravel shore.
PI. 16, Figs. 3, 5, and 6.
*Staurastrum pyramidatum West and West forma nov.?
G. W. Prescott (personal correspondence).
L. 43-50 ym, W. 46-47 ym, Isth. 11-12 ym. Differed from the type in
smaller dimensions; angles were more sharply rounded, slightly incurved, and
smooth tipped. Granules were short and blunt at base and angles of semicell,
becoming longer to form sharp conical spines towards the apex.
Rare.
Seepage and sludge.
PI. 15, Fig. 8.
Staurastrum sebaldii var. ornatum Nordstedt 1873.
West, West and Carter"; T323": 167, PI. 148, Fig. 7.
Sieminska. 1965: 117, PI. 7, Figs. 18-20.
L. 80-90 ym, W. 105-150 ym, Isth. 23-24 ym. Three and 4-angled forms
were present.
Common.
Net tow in 15 centimeters of water.
PI. 16, Figs. 7, 8, and 10.
*Staurastrum spongiosum Brebisson 1848.
West, West and Carter. 1923: 76, PI. 140, Fig. 14.
L. 52 ym, W. 45-48 ym, Isth. 13-16 ym.
Very rare.
Sludge and squeezings of moss.
PI. 15, Figs. 1-3.
*Staurastrum subavicula W. and G. S. West 1894.
West, West and Carter. 1923: 181, PI. 155, Fig. 10.
L. about 34 ym(- spines), L. about 42 ym(+ spines), W. 33 ym, Isth. 12
ym. Differed from the type in 4 series of granules on angles instead of 2,
angles tipped with 3-4 spines instead of 2, and center of apex was punctate.
Very rare.
Sludge.
PI. 15, Fig. 5.
Staurastrum vestiturn Ralfs 1848.
West, West and Carter. 1923: 258, PI. 151, Figs. 9-11, and PI. 152,
Figs. 5 and 6.
L. 35-42 ym, W. 56-60 ym, Isth. 11-13 ym.
Common.
Benthic flocculum.
PI. 16, Fig. 9.
Tetmemorus Ralfs
*Tetmemorus Laevis (K'u'tz.) Ralfs 1848.
West and West. 1904: 222, PI. 32, Figs. 11-16.
54
-------
L. 83-84 ym, W. 26 ym, Isth. 23 ym.
Very rare.
Wet soil.
PI. 6, Fig. 17.
Xanthi'dium Ehrenber
*Xanthidium subhastiferum West 1892.
West and West.19l2: 56, PI. 106, Figs. 5-9.
L. (- spines) 50-56 ym, L. (+ spines) 60-66 ym, W. (- spines) 50-52 ym,
W. (+ spines) 81-96 ym, Th. 28-30 ym, Isth. 11.5-14.5 ym. Cells with 3 pairs
of spines per semicell reached a maximum length of 96 ym.
Very common.
Plankton, benthic flocculum, tychoplankton, and sludge.
PI. 18, Fig. 2.
Charales
Characeae
Nitella Agardh
Nitella sp.
Mature reproductive structures were lacking. This plant was introduced
in 1919 for the purpose of establishing a rainbow trout fishery (Coleman
1925).
Benthic, fringing beds of El odea nuttalii at depths less than 1 meter.
EUGLENOPHYTA
Euglenales
Euglenaceae
Euglena Ehrenberg
Euglena spirogyra var. marchica Lemmerman.
Johnson. 1944: 112, Fig. 11-D.
Cells 150 ym long, 23 ym wide, spine 15 ym long. Determination based on
external characteristics only.
Very rare.
Sludge.
PI. 4, Fig. 4.
Lepocinclis Perty
55
-------
Prescott. 1962: 406, PI. 89, Figs. 7 and 15.
Cells 60 ym long, 39 ym in diameter. They had two large paramylon rings
and unlike Prescott's, had typical spiral striations.
Very rare.
Epilithic with Tetraspora lamellosa.
PI. 4, Fig. 6.
Lepocinclis fusiformis (Carter) Lemmermann 1901.
Prescott. 1962: 406, PI. 89, Figs. 1-4.
Cells 31 ym long, 22 ym in diameter with 2 U-shaped paramylon bodies on
opposite sides of the cell, broadly ovate, without a caudus. Flagellum
extended through a truncated apical protrusion. Periplast had striations
gently spiralling to the left.
Rare.
Sludge.
PI. 4, Fig. 14.
*Lepocinc1is fusiformis var. major Fritisch and Rich 1930.
Phacus Dujardin
Phacus sp.
Cells 26 ym long, 20 ym wide, broadly ovoid, with a short caudus angling
slightly to the right (as seen in ventral view). Caudus 4 ym long. Periplast
had very fine spiral striations. Paramylon was in the form of 10 rings.
Flagellum was 1 1/2 times as long as the cell.
Very rare.
Sludge.
PI. 4, Fig. 11.
Trachelomonas Ehrenberg
Trachelomonas bacillifera Playf. var. minima Playfair.
Huber-Pestalozzi. 1955: 303, Fig. 556.
Test about 23 ym long, 16-19 ym in diameter. Test broadly oval and
brown. Flagellum aperture had a very short collar. Wall was densely covered
with stout, blunt spines.
Rare.
*Trache1omonas horrida Palmer 1905.
Prescott. 1962: 415, PI. 84, Fig. 1.
Test 40 ym long, 25 ym in diameter.
Very rare.
Sludge.
PI. 4, Fig. 10.
*
Trachelomonas lacustris Drezepolski 1925.
Prescott. 1962: 415, PI. 83, Figs. 14 and 15, and PI. 85, Fig. 15,
Test 27 ym long, 14 ym in diameter.
Very rare.
Sludge.
PI. 4, Fig. 16.
56
-------
Sludge.
PI. 4, Fig. 17.
PYRROPHYTA
Dinokontae
Peridinium Ehrenberg
Perldinium willei Huitfeld-Kaas 1900.
Prescott. 1962: 434, PI. 91, Figs. 22-25.
Cells 50-60 ym long, 52-60 ym wide, 40-45 ym thick.
Very common.
Plankton and tychoplankton.
PI. 4, Fig. 15.
CHRYSOPHYTA
Mischococcales
Chiorobotrydaceae
Ducellieria Tailing
*Ducel1ieria chodatii (Ducell.) Teiling.
Bourrelly. 1968: 197, PI. 39, Fig. 7, and PI. 40, Fig. 1.
Cells 12-16 ym long (- spine), 11 ym in diameter, spine 5-6 ym long.
Colonies of 9 and 16 cells were observed, 45 ym and 68 ym in diameter
respectively.
Very rare.
Benthic flocculum.
PI. 5, Figs. 10 and 15.
Ochromonadales
Dinobryaceae
Dinobryon Ehrenberg
*Di nobryon cylindricum Imhof 1883.
Prescott. 1962: 378, PI. 107, Fig. 1.
Lorica 40-50 ym long, mouth 7-12 ym in diameter.
57
-------
Rare.
Plankton and tychoplanton.
PI. 5, Fig. 12.
CYANOPHYTA
Chroococcales
Chroococcaceae
Aphanocapsa Nageli
*Aphanocapsa elachista var. conferta West and West 1912.
Prescott. 1962: 453, PI. 101, Figs. 10 and 11.
Cells 1.5-2 urn in diameter. Colonies up to 110 ym in diameter.
Common.
Tychoplankton and benthic flocculum.
PI. 19, Fig. 2.
*Aphanocapsa pulchra (Kiitz.) Rabenhorst 1865.
Prescott. 1962: 454, PI. 101, Fig. 14.
Cells 3-4 urn in diameter.
Rare.
Plankton in seepage.
PI. 19, Fiy. 3.
Aphanothece Nagel i
Aphanothece stagnina (Spreng.) Braun 1865.
Desikachary. 1959: 137, PI. 21, Fig. 10.
Prescott. 1962: 469, PI. 103, Figs. 14-16.
Cells 5-6.5 ym long, 3-3.5 ym in diameter. Colonies microscopic.
Common.
Benthic flocculum and sludge.
PI. 19, Fig. 1.
Chroococcus Nageli
*Chroococcus prescottii Drouet and Daily 1942.
Prescott. 1962: 450, PI. 100, Fig. 13.
Cells 5-8 ym in diameter. Colonies were of 2, 4, 8, rarely 16 and 32
cells. Larger colonies were in loose groups of 8 cells.
Common.
Tychoplankton, sludge, and benthic flocculum.
PI. 19, Fig. 4.
Chroococcus turgidus (Ktitz.) Nageli 1849.
58
-------
Prescott. 1962: 450, PI. 100, Fig. 19.
Cells hemispherical, 8-30 pm in diameter.
Common.
Plankton, tychoplankton, sludge, and benthic flocculum.
PI. 19, Fig. 5.
Coelosphaerium Na'geli
Coelosphaerium kutzingianum Na'geli 1849.
Prescott. 1962: 470, PI. 106, Fig. 2.
Cells 2-3.5 pm in diameter.
Rare.
Net tow in 15 centimeters of water.
PI. 19, Fig. 7.
*Coe1osphaerium pallidum? Lemmermann 1898.
Prescott. 1962: 471, PI. 106, Fig. 3.
Cells 1.5-3 pm in diameter, 3.5-5 urn long. The cells were larger than
Prescott1s, within the range of £. naegelianum Unger but without
pseudovacules and radiating fibrillar concretions. Colonies were spherical,
ovate or lobed.
Common.
Benthic flocculum, plankton, and tychoplankton.
PI. 19, Fig. 6.
Dactylococcopsis Hansgirg
*Dactylococcopsis smithii Chodat and Chodat 1925.
Prescott. 1962: 465, PI. 105, Figs. 3 and 4.
Cells 8-10 pm long, 2-2.4 pm in diameter, smaller than the type but
properly proportioned
Very rare.
Sludge.
PI. 19, Fig. 10.
Eucapsis Clements and Shantz
*Eucapsis alpina Clements and Schantz var. minor Skuja.
Sieminska. 1965: 99, PI. 1, Fig. 1.
Cells 2-3 pm in diameter, usually 32 cells in a distinct colony 8 pm x
12 pm x 15 pm, often with several colonies adjoined.
Rare.
Benthic flocculum.
PI. 19, Fig. 13.
Gloeothece Na'geli
*Gloeothece rupestris ? (Lyngb.) Bornet 1880.
59
-------
Prescott. 1962: 462, PI. 103, Figs. 2 and 3.
Cells up to 8 ym long, 2.5-3 ym in diameter. The cells were about half
the size of Prescott's, otherwise they followed his description closely.
Plankton.
PI. 19, Fig. 9.
Merismopedia Meyen
Merismopedia elegans A. Braun 1849.
Prescott. 1962: 459, PI. 101, Fig. 1.
Cells 7-8 pin long, 4-6 ym in diameter. Colonies seldom had more than
100 cells.
Very common.
Sludge and benthic flocculum.
PI. 19, Fig. 11.
Microcystis Kiitzing
Microcystis aeruginosa Kiitzing 1846.
Prescott. 1962: 456, PI. 102, Figs. 1-4.
Cells (2.5J-3-4 ym in diameter. Colonies were clathrate except when
very small. They lacked pseudovacules, a character usually noted for the
species when reported as a euplankter. The colonies were always collected in
sludge and benthic flocculum with the exception of one net tow in moving
water where the colonies may have been carried into the plankton.
Common.
Benthic flocculum, tychoplankton, squeezings of Elodea and Ranunculus,
and sludge.
PI. 19, Figs. 8 and 12.
Oscillatoriales
Oscillatoriaceae
Lyngbya Agardh
Lyngbya aerugineo-caerulea (Klitz.) Gomont 1892.
Prescott. 1962: 498, PI. Ill, Figs. 10 and 11.
Cells 5 ym in diameter, 2.5-3 ym long. Sheath 6 ym in diameter.
Filaments were solitary.
Rare.
Benthic flocculum, plankton, and seepage.
PI. 20, Fig. 4.
Oscillatoria Vaucher
*0scinatoria agardhii Gomont 1892.
60
-------
Desikachary. 1959: 235, (not illustrated).
Prescott. 1962: 484, PI. 108, Figs. 15 and 16.
Cells 6.5-7 ym in diameter, 2.5-7 ym long. Apical cell was rounded,
without a calyptra. Trichomes were scattered.
Common.
Plankton, tychoplankton, sludge, and benthic flocculum.
PI. 20, Fig. 2.
*psci11atoria limnetica Lemmermann 1900.
Prescott. 1962: 488, PI. 109, Fig. 16.
Cells 1.5-2 ym in diameter, 3-5 ym long.
Common.
Tychoplankton.
PI. 20, Fig. 3.
*0sci11atoria tenuis C. A. Agradh 1813,
Prescott. 1962: 491, Pi. 110, Figs. 8, 9, and 14.
Cells 4-4.5 ym in diameter, 2.5-3 ym long, slightly constricted at the
crosswalls. Trichomes were loosely intermingled or scattered.
Common.
Tychoplankton.
PI. 20, Fig. 5.
*0sci11atoria tenuis var. natans Gomont 1892.
Prescott. 1962: 491, PI. 110, Figs. 10 and 11.
Cells 9-11 ym in diameter, 2.5-5 ym long, slightly constricted at
crosswalls. Trichomes were scattered.
Common.
Tychoplankton and benthic flocculum.
PI. 20, Fig. 1.
Phormidium Kiitzing
*Phormidium corium (Agardh) Gomont 1890.
Prescott. 1962: 494, (not illustrated).
Tilden. 1910: 101, PI. 4, Figs. 71 and 72.
Cells 2.5-6 ym long, 4 ym in diameter. Filaments were parallel, forming
compact bundles with ends free bending away from the bundle.
Rare.
Sludge.
PI. 20, Fig. 6.
Nostocales
Nostocaceae
Anabaena Bory
*Anabaena oscillariodes Bory 1822.
Desikachary. 1959: 417, PI. 71, Fig. 7.
Cells 4-5 ym long, 3.5-6 ym in diameter. Heterocysts spherical, 6.5-8
61
-------
ym in diameter. Akinetes 20-37 ym long, 9 ym in diameter, mostly on just one
side of the heterocyst.
Sometimes the filament had a watery sheath 14 ym in diameter.
Very common.
Sludge, wet soil, plankton, and benthic flocculum.
PI. 20, Fig. 13.
*Anabaena sphaerica Bornet and Flahault 1888.
Desikachary. 1959: 393, (not illustrated).
Cells 6.5-8 ym in diameter, spherical, shorter, or longer than wide.
Heterocysts spherical, 7.5-8.5 ym in diameter. Akinetes on one or both sides
of heterocyst, 8.5-9 ym in diameter, 10 ym long. Filaments were scatterd.
Common.
Seepage and benthic flocculum.
PI. 20, Fig. 9.
Cylindros perm urn Kiitzing
*Cylindrospermum alatgsporum Fritsch 1918.
Desikachary. 1959: 362, PI. 64, Fig. 9.
Cells 3 ym in diameter, 3.5-7.5 ym long. Heterocysts 3.5-5.5 ym in
diameter, 5.5-8 ym long. Akinetes 9-10 ym in diameter, 17-19 ym long, walls
thick and punctate with age. Filaments were usually solitary. The cells,
like the Indian form, were narrower than the type. Akinete lacked a thick
yellowish inner wall.
Rare.
Sludge.
PI. 20, Fig. 10.
Nostoc Vaucher
*Nostoc parmelioides Kiitzing 1843.
Desikachary. 1959: 389, PI. 70, Fig. 3.
Cells 4-7 ym long, 3-5 ym in diameter. Heterocysts 7.5-8.5 ym long,
6.5-8.5 ym in diameter. Thai 1 us lacked central radiating filaments. The
arrangement of cells into trichomes varied within the same thallus; cells at
periphery of thallus were adjacent to one another forming continuous
trichomes with yellow sheaths, interior cells were 1-2 cell diameters apart,
forming loose trichomes with very wide sheaths visible only after staining.
Colonies were irregularly lobed, macroscopic, forming epilithic expanses.
Common.
Epilithic.
PI. 20, Figs. 14-16 and 18.
*Nostoc paludosum Kiitzing 1850.
Desikachary. 1959: 375, PI. 69, Fig. 2.
Cells 3-5 urn in diameter, 3.5-5 ym long. Heterocysts spherical to
slightly ovate, 5-7 ym in diameter. Akinetes ovate 4-5 ym in diameter, 5.5-8
ym long.
Very common.
62
-------
Plankton, tychoplankton, benthic flocculum, seepage, and sludge.
PI. 20, Fig. 20.
Scytonemataceae
Scytonema Agardh
*Scytonema mirabile (Dillw.) Bornet 1889.
Prescott. 1962: 535, PI. 124, Figs. 7 and 8.
Cells 5-16 ym long, 4-6 ym in diameter. Filaments 12-19 ym in diameter.
Heterocysts 9-12 ym long, 6-10 ym in diameter. They seldom formed double
false branches, diverging lamellations were found rarely and only in older
sheaths.
Common.
Tychoplankton, sludge, and benthic flocculum.
PI. 20, Fig. 19.
Tolypothrix Kutzing
*To1ypothrix distorta Kutzing 1843.
Prescott. 1962: 537, PI. 125, Figs. 5 and 6.
Cells 2.5-7 ym long, 7-10 ym in diameter. Sheath sometimes lamellate,
10-17 ym in diameter, old sheaths were as wide as 25 ym in diameter.
Heterocysts spherical , to ovate, 9-20 ym long, 9-11 ym in diameter. Presence
of a lamellate sheath was inconsistent with the type, otherwise, they agreed.
Common.
Plankton, sludge, tychoplankton, and benthic flocculum.
PI. 20, Figs. 7 and 8.
Rivulariaceae
Calothrix Agardh.
*Calothrix epiphytica West and West 1897.
Prescott. 1962: 553, PI. 132, Figs. 2 and 3.
Desikachary. 1959: 543, (not illustrated).
Basal cells 3-5 ym in diameter, shorter than wide. Filaments 5-6.5-(9)
ym in diameter. Sheath sometimes extended the entire length of the trichome.
Heterocysts basal, 3-5 ym in diameter.
Common.
Epiphytic on Rhizoclonium crassipel1iturn.
PI. 20, Figs. 11 and 12.
63
-------
*Ca1othrix fusca (K'litz.) Bornet and Flahault 1886.
Prescott. 1962: 553, PI. 132, Figs. 4 and 5.
Basal cells 9-10 pm in diameter, length 1 3 the width. Sheath 11-16
wide. Heterocyst basal, hemispherical, 7-7.5 ym in diameter, slightly
smaller than Prescott1s.
Rare.
Associated with the mucilage of Nostoc parmelioides and Tetraspora
lamellosa.
PTT20, Fig. 17.
64
-------
APPENDIX B
SPECIES ILLUSTRATIONS
The line drawn beside each illustration is equal to 10 micrometers,
65
-------
PLATE 1
Figure Page
1 Eudorina elegans 25
2 Chlamydomonas angulosa? 25
3 Pandorina morum 25
4 Tetraspora lamellosa 25
5 Asterococcus limneticuj; 26
6 Tetrae'dron gracile 26
7 Gloeocystis vesiculosa 26
8 Ankistrodesmus gelifactus 27
9 Ankistrodesmus falcatum 27
10 Gloeocystis gigas 26
11 Gloeocystis ampla 26
12 Sphaerocystis schroeteri 27
66
-------
PLATE 1
.-.? (°@ !,->--...; [,-
( &\&J
\ '«
X %
x
67
-------
PLATE 2
Figure Page
1 Eremosphaera viridis 27
2 Oocystis aretlea 28
3 Oocystis parva 28
4 Oocystis borgei 28
5,6 Oocystis elliptica? 28
7 Oocystis pusilla ? 28
8 Oocystis sp. 28
9 Golenkinia paucispina 29
10 Kirchneriella lunaris v. irregularis 27
11 Dictyosphaerium pulchellum 29
12 Quadrigula lacustris 29
13 Botryococcus braum'i 29
68
-------
PLATE 2
-------
PLATE 3
Figure
1
2,3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18,19
20,24
21
22
23
25
Coelastrum cambricum v. intermedium
C. microporum
C. printzii
Crucigenia quadrata
C. rectangularis
Coelastrum proboscideum
Enallax alpina
Scenedesmus bijuga v. alternans
S. quadricauda
S. dimorphus
Pediastrum braunii
P. muticum
P. tetras forma
P. angulosum
P. integrum
P. taylori
P. boryanum
P. tetras v. tetraodon
Tetradesmus sp. (cross-sectional vii
Scenedesmus bijuga
Pediastrum boryanum
Tetradesmus sp.
Page
30
30
30
30
30
30
31
31
31
31
32
33
33
32
32
33
32
33
32
31
32
32
70
-------
PLATE 3
71
-------
PLATE 4
Figure Page
1,3 Pediastrum boryanum v. undulatum 32
2 P.. angulosum' 32
4 Euglena spirogyra v. marchia 55
5 Coleochaete orbicularis 34
6 Lepoclnclis fuslformis v. major 56
7 Microthamnion strict!ssimum 34
8,9 Protoderma viride 34
10 Trachelomonas horrida 56
11 Phacus sp. 56
12 Sorastrum spinulosum 33
13 Rhizoclom'um crassi pel 1iturn 35
14 Lepocinclis fusiformis 56
15 Peridiniurn willej 57
16 Trachelomonas lacustris 56
17 J. bacillifera v. minima 56
18 Ulothris variabilis 34
72
-------
PLATE 4
-------
PLATE 5
Figure Page
1 Pleurotaem'um trabecula v. maximum 50
2,3 £. ehrenbergii 50
4 £. trabecula v. elongatum 50
5 Gonatozygon brebissonii 36
6,7 £. aculeatum 36
8,9 Penium spirostriolatum 49
10,15 Ducellieria chodatii 57
11 Desmidium grevillii 46
12 Dinobryon c.ylindricum 57
13,14 Spirogyra gracilis 35
74
-------
PLATE 5
-------
PLATE 6
Figure Page
1 Closterium libellula 38
2 C. strlolatum 38
3,4 £. gracile 37
5,6 £. macilentum v. japonicum forma 38
7,8 C.. rostratum 38
9 £. lunula fa. graci'lis 38
10 £. intermedium 37
11 C. Dianae? 37
12 C. Dianae v. minor? 37
13 £. jenneri 38
14 Netrium digitus v. naegelii 37
15 H. digitus 36
16 _N. interruptus 37
17 Tetmemorus laevis 54
76
-------
PLATE 6
-------
PLATE 7
Figure Page
1 Cosmarium globosum 41
2 £. rectangulare v. hexagom'um 44
3,4 £. pyramidatum 43
5 £. impressulum « 41
6 £. pseudoarctoum 43
7 C^. Impressulum 6 42
8 £. laeve v. nov. (?) 42
9 £. subarctoum 44
10 C. abbrevlatum fa. minor 39
11 £. pseudoquadratulurn 43
12 C_. hammeri 41
13 _c. sexangulare 44
78
-------
PLATE 7
-------
PLATE 8
Figure Page
1,2 Cosmarium difficile v. dilatatum 41
3 £. venustum v. excavatum 46
4,5 £. pseudopyramidatum v. extensum 43
6 £. humile v. strlatum 41
7,12 C. bioculatum 39
8 £. contractum v. ellipsoideum 40
9 C.. quadratum fa. willei 43
10 £. pseudoprotuberans fa. minus 43
11 £. tenue v. depressum 45
13 £. subtumidum v. minutum 45
14 £. angulosum 39
15 C. undulatum v. minutum 45
80
-------
PLATE 8
-------
PLATE 9
Figure Page
1 Cosmarium ornatum v. perornatum 42
2 C. subcrenatum v. isthmochondrum 44
TSee Plate 11, Figs. 1 & 2)
3 £. botrytis v. tumidum 39
4 C_. quinarlum 44
5 £. portianum 43
6 C_. reniform 44
7-9 £. ungen'anum fa. 45
10 C. askenasyii v. americana 39
82
-------
PLATE 9
-------
PLATE 10
Figure Page
1 Cosmarium margaritatum fa. subrotunda 42
2 £. amoenum 39
3,4 .C. intermedium 42
5 £. crenatum 40
6-11 C. subspeciosum v. validius 45
84
-------
PLATE 10
85
-------
PLATE 11
Figure Page
1,2 Cosmarium subcrenatum v. isthmochondrum 44
(See Plate 9, Fig. 2.)
3,4 C.. sexnotatum v. tristriatum 44
5 £. novae-semiiae v. granulatum 42
6 £. cymatonotophorum v. granulatum 40
7 £. trachypleurum v. fall ax 45
8 JC. bipunctatum 39
9,10 iC. formulosum 41
11 C. connatum 40
86
-------
PLATE 11
-------
PLATE 12
Figure Page
1 Euastrum oblongum 47
2 £. bidentatum v. speciosum 46
3 £. ansatum v. triporum 46
4 £. obesum 47
5 £_. denticulatum v. angusticeps 46
6 Micrasterias rotata fa. evoluta 49
7 W. truncata v. neodamensls 49
8 M. americana 48
88
-------
PLATE 12
-------
PLATE 13
Figure Page
1 Euastrum verrucosum v. perforatum 47
2 _E. verrucosum v. rhomboideum 48
3 £. verrucosum v. vallesiacum 48
4 £. elegans 47
5 £. ansatum v. pyxidatum 46
6 E. didelta 47
7,8 E_. gemmatum var. taftli 47
90
-------
PLATE 13
-------
PLATE 14
Figure Page
1,8 Micrasterias denticulata v. angulosa 48
2,3 M. pinnatifida 49
4 H. rotata 49
5,6 M. conferta 48
7 M. muricata v. tumida 48
92
-------
PLATE 14
-------
PLATE 15
Figure Page
1-3 Staurastrum spongiosum 54
4 S.. dickei v. clrculare 52
5 S.. subavicula 54
6 .S. grande v. angulosum 52
7 £. pachyrhynchum 53
8 j>. pyramidatum fa. nov. (?) 54
9 £. orbiculare 53
10 ^. polom'cum 53
11 _S. punctulatum 53
12 S^. polymorphic 53
13 S^. brebissom'i 51
14 S^. margan'taceum 53
94
-------
PLATE 15
-------
PLATE 16
Figure Page
1,2 Staurastrum anati'num 52
3,5,6 S.. punctulatum v. kjellman1 53
4 S.. acarldes 50
7,8,10 S.. sebaldii v. ornatum 54
(Figs. 7 & 8 are three-angled;
Fig. 10 is four-angled)
9 S. vestiturn 54
96
-------
PLATE 16
-------
PLATE 17
Figure • Page
1-3 Staurastrum breviaculeatum 51
4,5 S.. kurilense fa. triquetra 52
6,7 j>. kurilense 52
8 .S. cuspidatum 52
9,11 S.. alternans 51
10 S. crenulatum 51
98
-------
PLATE 17
-------
PLATE 18
Figure Page
1 Staurastrum arctiscon 51
2 Xanthidium subhastiferum 55
3 Staurastrum brevispinum 51
4,5 Cylindrocystis brebissoni i 36
6 Spondylosium pulchellum 50
7 ^. planum 50
100
-------
PLATE 18
-------
PLATE 19
Figure Page
1 Aphanothece stagm'na 58
2 Aphanocapsa elachlsta v. conferta 58
3 jA. pulchra 58
4 Chroococcus prescottii 58
5 _C. turgldus 58
6 Coelosphaerium pallidum? 59
7 £. kuetzingianum 59
8,12 Microcystis aeruginosa 60
9 Gloeothece rupestris? 59
10 Dactylococcopsis smithii 59
11 Merismopedia elegans 60
13 Eucapsis alpina v. minor 59
102
-------
i O <@2> o>
r&'0o^
-^ 3 SB O |f ° & #;:gp,
^ "^^X^1b4^0QO
PLATE 19
o-^0"8'^ •„..-
* f. «u o °° °
*V,
s %
••!• »'V.
0^° -i:%/
oo o
s,.
t.0 Q%
OD
^•},,
O X
Q)
^:'9^
•• • o
o \
°^
13
,Q-
cP
QQCOOs
80988888'
00 8998
00
8
-,
'
-
^
^\\ ^
, il
\ \ i
a *
M /
t
/
-
s
11
.
'••.
/
/
/
1
f
/
- ^0°
5 o oo , °o . -
O o ' S,
103
-------
PLATE 20
Figure Page
1 Oscillatoria tenuis v. natans 61
2 £. agardhii 61
3 j). limnetica 61
4 Lyngbya aerugineo-caerulea 60
5 Oscillatoria tenuis 61
6 Phormidium corium 61
7,8 Tolypothrix distorta 63
9 Anabaena sphaerlca 62
10 Cyllndrospermum alatosporum 62
11,12 Calothrix epiphytica 63
13 Anabaena osc 111 a no ides 61
14-16 Nostoc parmelioides 62
(Figs. 14 & 15 are peripheral
filaments; Fig. 16 is an internal
filament)
17 Calothrix fusca 64
18 Nostoc parmelioides (colony) 62
19 Scytonema mirabile 63
20 Nostoc paludosum 62
104
-------
PLATE 20
-------
GENUS AND SPECIES INDEX
Anabaena,
oscillarioides, 61; PI. 20
sphaerica, 62; PI. 20
Ankistrodesmus,
falcatus, 27; PI. 1
gelifactum, 27; PI. 1
Aphanocapsa,
elachista v. conferta, 58; PI. 19
pulchra, 58; PI. 19
Aphanothece,
stagnina, 58; PI. 19
Asterococcus,
limneticus, 26; PI. 1
Botrycoccus,
braunii, 29; PI. 2
Bulbochaete, 35
Calothrix,
epiphytica, 63; PI. 20
fusca, 64; PI. 20
Chlamydomonas,
angulosa, 25; PI. 1
Chroococcus,
prescottii, 58; PI. 19
turgidus, 58; PI. 19
Closterium,
dianae, 37; PI. 6
dianae v. minor, 37; PI. 6
gracile, 37; PI. 6
intemn'dium, 37; PI. 6
jenneri, 38; PI. 6
libel!ula, 38; PI. 6
lunula f. gracilis, 38; PI. 6
macilentum v. japonicum, 38; PI. 6
rostratum, 38; PI. 6
striolatum, 38; PI. 6
Coelastrum,
cambricurn v. intermedium, 30;
PI. 3
microporum, 30; PI. 3
printzii, 30; PI. 3
proboscideum, 30; PI. 3
Coelosphaerium,
kutzingianum, 59; PI. 19
pallidum, 59; PI. 19
Coleochaete,
orbicularis, 34; PI. 19
Cosmarium,
abbreviatum f. minor, 39; PI. 7
amoenum, 39; PI. 10
angulosum, 39; PI. 8
askenasyii v. americana, 39;
PI. 9
bioculatum, 39; PI. 8
bipunctatum, 39; PI. 11
botrytis v. tumidum, 39; PI. 9
connatum, 40; PI. 11
contractum v. ellipsoideum, 40;
PI. 6
crenatum, 40; PI. 10
cymatonotophorum v. granulatum,
40; PI. 11
difficile v. dilatatum f. nov.,
41; PI. 8
formulosum, 41; PI. 11
globosum, 41; PI. 7
hammeri, 41; PI. 7
humile v. striatum, 41; PI. 8
impressulum, 41; PI. 7
intermedium, 42; PI. 10
laeve, 42; PI. 7
margaritatum f. subrotundata, 42;
PI. 10
106
-------
novae-semiiae v. granulatum, 42;
PI. 11
ornatum v. perornatum, 42;
PI. 9
portianum, 43; PI. 9
pseudoarctoum, 43; PI. 7
pseudoprotuberans f. minus,
43; PI. 8
pseudopyramidatum v. extensum,
43; PI. 8
pseudoquadratulum, 43; PI. 7
pyramidatum, 43; PI. 7
quadratum f. willei, 43; PI. 8
quinarium, 44; PI. 9
rectangulare v. hexagonium, 44;
PI. 7
reniform, 44; PI. 9
sexangulare, 44; PI. 7
sexnotatum v. tristriatum, 44;
PI. 11
subarctoum, 44; PI. 7
subcrenatum v. isthomochondrum,
44; PI. 9, 11
subspeciosum v. validius, 45; PI.
subtumidum v. minutum, 45; PI. 8
tenue v. depressum, 45; PI. 8
trachypleurum v. fallax, 45;
PI. 11
undulatum v. minutum, 45; PI. 8
ungerianum, 45; PI. 9
venustum v. excavatum, 46;
PI. 8
Crucigenia,
rectangular!s, 30; PI. 3
quadrata, 30; PI. 3
Cylindrocystis,
brebissonii, 36; PI. 18
Cylindros perm urn,
alatosporum, 62; PI. 20
Dactylococcopsis,
smithii, 59; PI. 19
Desmidium,
grevillii, 46; PI. 5
Dictyosphaerium,
pulchellum, 29; PI. 1
Di nobryon,
cylindricum, 57; PI. 5
Ducellieria,
chodatii, 57; PI. 5
Enal lax,
alpina, 31; PI. 3
Eremosphaera,
viridis, 27; PI. 2
Euastrum,
anasatum v. pyxidatum, 46; PI. 13
anasatum v. triporum, 46; PI. 12
bidentatum v. speciosum, 46;
PI. 12
denticulatum v. angusticeps, 46;
PI. 12
didelta, 47; PI. 13
elegans, 47; PI. 13
gemmatum v. taftii, 47; PI. 13
obesum, 47; PI. 12
1° oblongum, 47; PI. 12
verrucosum v. perforatum, 47;
PI. 13
verrucosum v. rhomboideum, 48;
PI. 13
verrucosum v. vallesiacum, 48;
PI. 13
Eucapsis,
alpina v. minor, 59; PI. 19
Eudorina,
elegans, 25; PI. 1
Euglena,
spirogyra v. marchica, 55;
PI. 4
Gloeocystis,
ampla, 26; PI. 1
gigas, 26; PI. 1
vesiculosa, 26; PI. 1
Gloeothece,
rupestris, 59; PI. 19
Golenkinia,
paucispina, 29; PI. 2
107
-------
Gonatozygon,
aculeatum, 36; PI. 5
brebissonii, 36; PI. 5
Kirchneriella,
lunaris v. irregularis, 27; PI. 2
Lepocinclis,
fusiformis, 56; PI. 4
fusiformis v. major, 56; PI. 4
Lyngbya,
aerugineo-caerulea, 60; PI. 20
Merismopedia,
elegans, 60; PI. 19
Micrasterias,
americana, 48; PI. 12
conferta, 48; PI. 14
denticulata v. angulosa, 48; PI. 14
muricata v. tumida, 48; PI. 14
pinnatifida, 49; PI. 14
rotata, 49; PI. 14
rotata f. evoluta, 49; PI. 12
truncate v. neodamensis, 49;
PI. 12
Microcystis,
aeruginosa, 60; PI. 19
Microthamnion,
strictissimum, 34; PI. 4
Mougeotia, 35
Netriurn,
digitus, 36; PI. 6
digitus v. nagelii, 37; PI. 6
interruptum, 37; PI. 6
Nitella, 55
Nostoc,
parmelloides, 62; PI. 20
paludosum, 62; PI. 20
Oedogonium, 35
Oocystis,
arctlca, 28; PI. 2
borgei, 28; PI. 2
elliptica, 28; PI. 2
108
parva, 28; PI. 2
pusilla, 28; PI. 2
sp., 28; PI. 2
Oscillator!a,
agardhii, 61; PI. 20
limnetica, 61; PI. 20
tenuis, 61; PI. 20
tenuis v. natans, 61; PI. 20
Pandorina,
morum, 25; PI. 1
Pediastrum,
angulosum, 32; PI. 3 and 4
boryanum, 32; PI. 3
boryanum v. undulatum, 32; PI. 4
braunii, 32; PI. 3
integrum, 32; PI. 3
muticum, 33; PI. 3
taylori, 33; PI. 3
tetras, 33; PI. 3
tetras v. tetraodon, 33; PI. 3
Penium,
spirostriolatum, 49; PI. 5
Peri dim'urn,
willei, 57; PI . 4
Phacus,
sp., 56; PI. 4
Phormidum,
corium, 61; PI. 20
Pleurotaenium,
ehrenbergi, 50; PI. 5
trabecula v. elongatum, 50;
PI. 5
trabecula v. maximum, 50; PI. 5
Protoderma,
viride, 34; PI. 4
Quadrigula,
lacustris, 29; PI. 2
Rhizoclonium,
crassipellitum, 35; PI. 4
Scenedesmus,
bijuga, 31; PI. 3
bijuga v. alternans, 31; PI. 3
-------
dimorphus, 31; PI. 3
quadricauda, 31; PI. 3
Tetraedron,
gracile, 26; PI. 1
Scytonema,
mirable, 63; PI. 20
Sorastrum,
spinulosum, 33; PI. 4
Sphaerocystis,
schroeteri, 27; PI. 1
Spondylosium,
planum, 50; PI. 18
pulchellum, 50; PI. 18
Spirogyra,
gracilis, 35; PI. 5
Staurastrum,
acarides, 50; PI. 16
alternans, 51; PI. 17
anatinum, 52; PI. 16
arctiscon, 51; PI. 18
brebissonii, 51; PI. 15
breviaculeatum, 51; PI. 17
brevispinum, 51; PI. 18
crenulatum, 51; PI. 17
cuspidatum, 52; PI. 17
dickiei v. circulare, 52; PI. 15
grande v. angulosum, 52; PI. 15
kurilense, 52; PI 17
kurilense f. triquetra, 52;
PI. 17
margaritaceum, 53; PI. 15
orbiculare, 53; PI. 15
pachyrhynchum, 53; PI. 15
polonicum, 53; PI. 15
polymorphum, 53; PI. 15
punctulatum, 53; PI. 15
punctulatum v. kjellmani, 53;
PI. 16
pyramidatum, 54; PI. 15
sebaldii v. ornatum, 54; PI. 16
spongiosum, 54; PI. 15
subavicula, 54; PI. 15
vestitum, 54; PI. 16
Tetmemorus,
laevis, 54; PI. 6
Tetradesmus,
sp., 32; PI. 3
Tetraspora,
lamellosa, 25; PI. 1
Tolypothrix,
distorta, 63; PI. 20
Trachelomonas,
bacillifera v. minima, 56; PI. 4
horrida, 56; PI. 4
lacustris, 56; PI. 4
Ulothrix,
variabilis, 34; PI. 4
Xanthidium,
subhastiferum, 55; PI. 18
Zoochlorella, 29
Zygnema, 36
109
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TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/3-79-080
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
FRESHWATER ALGAE OF RAE LAKES BASIN, KINGS CANYON
NATIONAL PARK
5. REPORT DATE
July 1979
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
William D. Taylor
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Las Vegas, NV 89114
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1BD884
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency-Las Vegas, NV
Office of Research and Development
Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory
Las Vegas, NV 89114
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
tn n-?fi-
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/07
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
This report illustrates and characterizes algae (exclusive of diatoms) found in
Kings Canyon National Park, California and describes their distribution among the
Rae Lakes within. It is the first taxonomic study of the freshwater algae for the
southern Sierra Nevada and the most comprehensive for the range. It serves as a
reference manual for the identification of algae in alpine and subalpine regions
and establishes baseline data for future investigations. More than half (113) of
the 210 forms encountered were desmids (Chlorophyta). While 120 forms were thought
to be new records for California, one variety was thought to be new to science. A
table illustrating the distribution of taxa within the lakes and ponds is included
and discussed.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS C. COSATI Field/Group
Algae
Freshwater
Taxonomy
alpine, subalpine habitat
Sierra Nevada range
algal survey
06 C
08 H
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (This ReportJ
ASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
118
20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
A06
EPA Form 2220-1 (R»v. 4-77) PREVIOUS EDITION is OBSOLETE
OU-S GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 1979- 683-091/2210
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