HF Radar Measurements of Circulation in the Eastern Strait of Juan de Fuca (August, 1978)


DOC
EPA
United Slates
Department of
Commerce
National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration
Seattle WA 98115
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office of Environmental
Engineering and Technology
Washington DC 20460
EPA-600 7 80-096
April 1980
            Research and Development
            HF Radar
            Measurements of
            Circulation in the
            Eastern Strait of
            Juan de  Fuca
            (August, 1978)

            Interagency
            Energy/Environment
            R&D Program
            Report

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 HF RADAR MEASUREMENTS OF CIRCULATION IN THE EASTERN

        STRAIT OF JUAN DE FUCA  (AUGUST, 1978)
                      by
                 Shelby Frisch
          Wave Propagation Laboratory
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
            Boulder, Colorado 80303
                James HoIbrook
    Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
          Seattle, Washington 98105

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                       Completion Report Submitted to
                 PUGET SOUND ENERGY-RELATED RESEARCH PROJECT
                     MARINE ECOSYSTEMS ANALYSIS PROGRAM
                    ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LABORATORIES

                                     by

                        WAVE PROPAGATION LABORATORY
                NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION
                          BOULDER, COLORADO  80303
     This work is the result of research sponsored by the Environmental
Protection Agency and administered by the Environmental Research
Laboratories of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.

     The Environmental Research Laboratories do not approve, recommend,
or endorse any proprietary product or proprietary material mentioned in
this publication.  No reference shall be made to the Environmental
Research Laboratories or to this publication furnished by the Environmental
Research Laboratories in any advertising or sales promotion which would
indicate or imply that the Environmental Research Laboratories approve,
recommend, or endorse any proprietary product or proprietary material
mentioned herein, or which has as its purpose an intent to cause directly
or indirectly the advertised product to be used or purchased because of
this Environmental Research Laboratories publication.
                                     11

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                                  FOREWORD

     An understanding of the surface circulation in a partially or fully en-
closed marine environment is necessary in order to forecast the effects of
an oil spill, pipeline oil leak, or other varieties of floating pollutants.
The Wave Propagation Laboratory's program of surface current mapping contrib-
utes to this understanding.

     In this report we present HF radar observation measurements in the
Eastern Strait of Juan de Fuca for a four day period.  The hourly measure-
ments give surface currents at 1.2 km intervals.  We have estimated the mean
surface flow and the semi- and diurnal-components of tidal currents.  The
current maps demonstrate the extreme complexity of the surface circulation
and represent an important advance in understanding the physical oceanography
of this complicated, ecologically-sensitive region.
                                         Dnald E. Barrick
                                        Chief
                                        Sea State Studies
                                        Wave Propagation Laboratory
                                     ill

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                                 ABSTRACT

     During August, 1978, the surface currents in the Eastern Strait of
Juan de Fuca were mapped with a High Frequency (HF) radar system (CODAR).
The surface currents were measured simultaneously over several hundred
square kilometers at one hour intervals continuously for five days.  Strong
tidal currents, estuarine floV, and wind driven circulation were all identi-
fied as influential forces in the strait.  These measurements were compared
with those obtained with surface drifters and current meters, which were
observed by the other participants in this experiment.  The radar and current-
meter measured currents generally were in agreement to within a few centi-
meters per second.  Similarly, the radar-predicted trajectories usually
followed the drifter tracks closely, i.e., within a couple of kilometers
over many hours.   On one day, a transient reversal in the estuary flow (due
to major wind forcing off the Pacific Coast of Washington) was identified by
the radar, current meter, and drifter observations.
                                     IV

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                                   CONTENTS
Foreword	iii
Abstract	iv
Acknowledgments 	  vi

     1.  Introduction 	   1
     2.  Conclusions 	    3
     3.  Recommendations 	  4
     4.  Text	   5

Bibliography	4 49
Appendix	50

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                    ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

   The authors would like to acknowledge the indispensible support of the
following people without whom this study would not have beenpossible.^We
i^r^^r^ s^^rrt^1?^
that will permit we oceanographers to view the sea through new eyes .
                         VI

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                                 SECTION 1

                               INTRODUCTION

     During the summer of 1978, the Sea State Studies Group* participated in
a joint oceanographic experiment with the Pacific Marine Environmental Labora-
tory (PMEL/NOAA), Evans-Hamilton, Inc., and the Canadian Institute of Ocean
Sciences (IOS).  This experiment was designed to help improve our knowledge
of the circulation in the Eastern Strait of Juan de Fuca and its influence on
a possible oil spill.  Both oceanographic and meteorological data were col
lected over a period of several days using conventional instruments and an
HF radar system  (CODAR)t that remotely measures ocean surface currents.
Several moored current meter strings were deployed by PMEL in the same area
covered by the radar, while Evans-Hamilton, Inc. tracked dozens of surface
drift sheets using aircraft with mini-ranger positioning. IOS tracked surface
drifters farther west in the Strait of Juan de Fuca and near Haro Strait.
Although the IOS measurements  fell in a region apart from the rest of the
participants,  they provided a more complete picture of the  flow patterns in
this intricate system of islands and estuaries.

     CODAR was used  to map surface current velocities simultaneously at  several
hundred locations across this  area.  These "snapshots" of the current field
are  especially important in resolving  spatial  circulation patterns as well as
temporal variations  due  to tides and winds.  In  this way, the horizontal
current structures  can be examined and correlated  with  the  complicated
bathymetry and coastal topography.   The diverse  measurements made here com-
plement rather than duplicate  one  another.   For  example,  the surface drifters
were driven  by surface currents which  were influenced by local  winds.  The
 current meters,  however, were  positioned several meters below the surface
 and, therefore,  did not  measure the  full effects of transient winds  at the
water  surface.   These current-meter  measurements reflect the tidal flow,
 runoff, and  major wind  forcing.  The surface drifters were  also used to
 simulate  the Lagrangian  trajectories along which spilled oil might move; the
 current meters were used to  measure the Eulerian velocity at fixed locations.

      The  HF  radar introduces another dimension to this problem since it
 makes  it  possible to obtain both the Lagrangian and the Eulerian descriptions
 simultaneously.   Even though the radar system maps the currents continuously

 *Wave Propagation Laboratory (WPL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric
      Administration (NOAA),  U.S. Dept. of Commerce, 325 Broadway, Boulder,
      Colorado, 80303.
                                                   r
 t    CODAR is a High Frequency  (HF) Doppler radar system developed  by
      NOAA (Barrick  et al., 1977).

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at many locations over a  large  area,  these measurements should not be con-
sidered a substitute for  the other kinds of measurements.  First, the radar
provides a spatial resolution on  the  order of a couple of kilometers; there-
fore, the detailed location of  frontal zones or other boundaries is not
possible.  Second, the diffusion  of oil and floating detritus due to current
turbulence and wave action may not be measurable except with several closely
spaced drifters.  Third,  the radar measures the current within the top meter
of the ocean, so that deep flowing currents may go undetected unless they
affect the surface circulation as well.

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                                 SECTION 2

                                CONCLUSIONS

     The results presented here illustrate a circulation pattern in the
Eastern Strait of Juan de Fuca that contains a great deal of spatial detail
and temporal variability.  The estuarine circulation (gravitational convec-
tion) and sea level fluctuations at tidal frequencies are the main driving
forces which dominate this important area.  However, seasonal and transient
winds were significant in determining the currents, especially in the near
surface layer.  All of these phenomena have been identified as important
agents during this four day experiment.

     HF radar (CODAR) provides a unique time sequence of real maps that
permit spatial and temporal features to be easily resolved.  Bathymetric
influences are evident and can be related to shear  zones and fronts.  Both
the Lagrangian and the Eulerian characteristics of  the  flow can be resolved
so that it is possible to compute the movement of oil slicks and  the magni-
tude of runoff and tides.  Current meters and drifters  supply greater space
and time resolution than HF radar for certain kinds of  studies.   The radar
presently can provide a  spatial resolution of about ten square kilometers  and
a  temporal resolution of about ten minutes.  These  resolution limits are  set
by the present data processing methods.   Experiments  such  as  this help  to
improve  these methods and, thus,  the accuracy of  the  radar technique.

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                                    SECTION 3

                                 RECOMMENDATIONS

       This  report presents  examples  of  the circulation  in  the Eastern Strait
  of Juan  de Fuca as  remotely measured by  CODAR.  Comparisons of these measure-
  ments with surface-drifter and  moored-current-meter observations show very
  good  agreement.  These results  Indicate  that this radar system may be very
  useful as  either an operational tool or  a research instrument.  It can be
  used  to  compute the trajectories that oil may follow in a future tanker spili
  or pipeline leak.  This capability  is especially helpful in assessing the
  hypothetical impact upon the environment  and ecology.  It could also be of
  assistance in directing clean-up operations after an oil spill or in design-
  ing adequate safeguards in anticipation of future problems.  The research
  potential of CODAR is also far-reaching.   CODAR can be used to measure the
  currents caused by various physical forces such as winds,  tides,  run-off
  etc.   Our understanding of the circulation in a particular area is thus
  improved and  our ability to manage the resources in that area are thereby
 enhanced.

      It  is  recommended  that the  on-going  development  of CODAR be  directed
 towards  improving its accuracy and  reliability  (which already meet or exceed
 those of  other  instruments  such  as  surface drifters)  in order to  better
 accomplish  these tasks.   This  radar system offers  remote measurements of
 current  simultaneously  over large areas and continuously over many days at
 relatively  low  operating  costs.  Using  existing  data sets,  the projected goals
 for next  year are to obtain:  (1) a  surface current velocity with  standard
 deviation of 5  cm/s  or  better, and  (2)  a  surface trajectory position  accuracy
 of 1  km after 24 hours.  While CODAR offers many advantages over  existing
 more  conventional instruments, it cannot  always  be substituted  for  them.  *In
 particular, moored current  meters measure the subsurface currents at  depths
 that are  not probed by  the  radar.  Both tools provide a powerful combination
 in cases  where  the vertical structure of  circulation is important and needs
 to be  studied.  Surface drifters can be invaluable for  examining frontal
 zones and shear boundaries  where fine spatial resolution (hundreds of meters)
 is important.    Several drifters  closely spaced may extract features more
 precisely than  the radar.   Towards this end we are presently developing a
 radar transponder package that can be deployed in inexpensive and expendable
drifter packages.  Thus, a  variation of the CODAR system will provide eco-
nomical drifter tracking capability with  improved reliability.

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                                   SECTION  4

                                RADAR  OPERATION

      During August  1978,  two  CODAR units were deployed  at  the Eastern Strait
 of  Juan  de  Fuca  in  order  to remotely  measure surface currents.  One unit
 operated continuously  from Dungeness  Spit  for nearly 115 hours, while the
 other unit  operated first from  Point  Wilson for  73 hours and then Ediz Hook,
 for 28 hours.  The  locations  of these radar sites and the  principal regions
 mapped are  shown in Fig.  1, and the dates  and times when data were collected
 are given in Fig. 2.   Radar sea-echo  data  were collected for the first 36
 minutes  of  each  hour.  All times are  Pacific Daylight Time (PDT).  These 36-
 minute sea-echo  records provided a velocity resolution  of  better than 1 cm/s,
 although the data may  not be  meaningful to better than  5 to 10 cm/s.  The
 radar measures the  phase  velocity  of  a six-meter ocean  wave which is shifted
 by  currents which may  be  present.   This phase velocity  is  also affected by
 dynamic  wave action relative  to the surface current, limiting the accuracy of
 the radar-measured  currents to  a few  centimeters per second (Barrick and
 Weber, 1977 and  Weber  and Barrick,  1977).


 SELECTED  CURRENT MAPS

     Maps of surface current  are given at  one-hour intervals in the Appendix
 and  are also available on magnetic  data tape*.   These maps  (Figs. Al.OO -
 A1.71) span the  time period from 2100  (PDT) on 22 August 1978 to 2000 on 25
 August 1978 for  the Dungeness Spit/Point Wilson  radar site combination.

     Occasionally,  there  is an  area that has no  current vectors within it.
 This is due to our not computing a vector  at that location if the signal
 strength was too low.  Also,   the maps  in Figs. A2.00 - A2.26 cover the time
 period from 1300 on 26 August 1978  to  1500 on 27 August 1978 for the Dungeness
 Spit/Ediz Hook site pair.  A  sample of each set  is shown in Fig. 3(a) and
 3(b) respectively.  These maps  represent the surface currents as measured by
 the radar and,  therefore, include the  composite  effects of tides, winds,
 runoff, etc.  As the maps indicate, the flow is  quite complex, and is in-
 fluenced by varying meteorological conditions (see Fig.  4) and a precipitous
bathymetry.   The dominant flow patterns are due  to the tides which periodically
flood and ebb in the area at regular and known intervals.  The largest ve-
locities were observed in the vicinity of Admiralty Inlet which opens into
the Puget Sound basin to  the south.
     These are 9 track, ANSI compatible magnetic tapes written at 1600 CPI
     with phase encoding on a Digital Equipment Corporation PDP-11 computer
     using RSX11M software.  Each map is contained in a separate file with
     a header that explains the contents of that file.

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  Vancouver Island


   Victoria
o
                           o
                           -*"""*»   /
                            WASHINGTON SOUND
                                   I   '
                       REGION II
            \
            I
Straits of Juan de Fuca
            I
             I
             \

                                       I
                                       l\
                                                  REGION I
             Ediz Hook  48°8' 26" N
                 ="   123°24'2"W
                                          Dungeness Spit ~.«.          /
                                          48° 11'6" N     ""~--—I
                         Olympic Peninsula
                                                              Point Wilson
                                                              48° 8' 39" N
                                                              122° 45' 18"W

                                                                  \
   FIGURE 1.  The  tyyo radar units were operated  from the three indicated
   sites at Dungeness Spit, Point Wilson, and  Ediz Hook.  Region I is  the
   main area mapped  with the Dungeness Spit/Point Wilson site combination
   and Region II is  the principal area mapped  with the Dungeness Spit/
   Ediz Hook site  combination.   The latitude and  longitude of each of  the
   sites is given  next to each  of the site symbols.

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Dungeness Spit
Point Wilson
Ediz Hook

200

200C




0















200C






I

LS / / S
1200

1500



/ y y yi
1500
                22
23
24
25
26
27
                                        August 1978
          FIGURE  2.   Two  HF Doppler radar units were operated  between 22 and 27
          August  1978.  One unit operated at the Dungeness Spit  site uninterrup-
          ted throughout  the period.  The other unit operated  successively from
          the Point Wilson  and Ediz Hook sites.  All data collection commenced
          on the  hour (PDT), every hour and continued for 36 minutes.

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22 HUG  78  22: 0:00
DUNGENESS SPIT WflSHINGTON
POINT WILSON WHSH.
  6 KM [	
200 CM/S [-
  TRUE NORTH
        FIGURE 3a   Current maps  generated from h-f radar observations.  Radars
        were at New Dungeness  Spit and Point Wilson.  Asterisks denote the
        radar locations.                Q

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26-BUG-78  13:00:00
EDIZ  HOOK WflSH.
DUNGENESS SPIT HRSH
                                              6 KM [-
200 CK/S [-
  TRUE  NORTH
FIGURE  3b.   Current maps generated  from h-f radar observations.   Radars
were at Ediz Hook (Pt Angeles) and  New  Dungeness Spit.  Asterisks
denote  radar locations.

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16

 8 i
 0
                                                        NORTH
            \ \ \
-8 -
                                                        SOUTH
      COASTAL  GEOSTROPHIC WINDS  AT 48°N I25°W (BAKON)
      ALONG-STRAIT  RACE ROCKS  WINDS
      ALONG-STRAIT NEW DUNGENESS  WINDS
                                                     OUT-STRAIT
                                                      UP-STRAIT
      SMITH ISLAND WINDS
 20
                        23      24      25     26
                        AUGUST, 1978 (GMT)
FIGURE  4.  Wind measurements at various locations for the time of the
experiment.  The stick diagrams are vector plots, each line represents
speed and direction.  The others are the speed component in the domi-
nant direction.
                              10

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     These maps reveal that a westward (seaward)  net surface flow prevailed
throughout the Strait of Juan de Fuca.  This flow is primarily driven^by a
longitudinal sea surface slope and internal pressure gradients maintained by
the river discharge into the system.   This seaward flow is the surface mani-
festation of a vigorous, two-layer estuarine circulation that dominates the
entire Strait of Juan de Fuca (Cannon, 1978). The maps of the area farther
west in the strait show a transient phenomenon which may be characterized by
a west-to-east reversal in the near-surface flow.  This reversal was gener-
ated by winds out of the southwest off the Pacific Coast of Washington which
caused an accumulation of less dense water at the strait entrance.  This
less dense water then slowly propagated up the strait  (in a southeast direc-
tion) as a gravity current which dramatically modified the surface estuarine
flow (Holbrook and Muench, 1980; Holbrook and Frisch,  1979).

     The mean  (estuarine)  flow  is illustrated in  the next five figures  5.00-
5.04.  The first figure  (5.00)  presents a 24-hour mean for  the eastern  end  of
the  strait beginning with  data  at 2018 on 22 August  78.  The  next two  figures
(5.01 -  5.02)  give the  net flow for  the next two  consecutive  24-hour periods.
All  three maps  show  the same general flow westward  at  a  rate  of  20-40  cm/a.
The  differences from day to  day are  due to  longer-period phenomena  such as
tides with periods exceeding many days  and  seasonal wind driven  circulation.
Figure 5.03  is the mean flow for the entire 3-day period.   The last figure
 (5.04) is  the  24-hour mean flow farther west between Port Angeles and New
Dungeness  Spit.  The transient  current  reversal  mentioned above is  clearly
evident  where the  eastward moving current tends  to  deflect  the seaward flow-
ing  water to the  south  near  its front.  Note the eastward recirculation
pattern  north of New Dungeness  Spit.
 THE TIDES
      Only two of the tidal constituents could be resolved with the short data
 records collected during this experiment.  We computed the two dominate tidal
 components (diurnal and semi-diurnal) by least squares fitting sine and
 cosine terms to the time-series data for each position on the water. Maps of
 the first component*, with a period of 12.3 hours, are presented in Figs.
 6.00-6.04.  Figure 6.00 shows the M2 tidal ellipses derived from 24 hours
 of data beginning at 2018, 22 August 1978 for Region I (Fig. 1).  Figures
 6.01 - 6.02 give the M2 tidal ellipses for the 24-hour periods beginning at
 the times given in the figures. The fourth figure  (6.03) gives these tidal
 ellipses based on all three days of data.  Although these tidal - ellipse
 charts are all very similar in appearance, the differences are due to the
 other tidal components and long-term phenomena that are  aliased  into the
 data.  Even though we cannot precisely measure the tidal spectrum with  such  a
 short data  set, these ellipse diagrams suggest important day-to-day varia-
 tions in the circulation.  The last  figure  (6.04)  gives  these tidal ellipses
 for Region  II beginning with data  at 1220 on  26  August 1978. Undesirable


 *We shall call  this component  M2 although it is really a combination
      of several  tidal components.   Its period was derived by taking a
      weighted average of  the frequencies of  all  components.
                                        11

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22 RUG  78  20:18:00
OUNGENESS SPIT WflSHINGTQN
POINT WILSON WflSH.
   6.0 KM ,   200.0 CM/S


TRUE  NORTH    f
                                   5.00
   FIGURE 5.00.  This  map shows the mean  flow  for starting times  indicated
   in the upper left hand corner.  It represents a 24-hour mean.
                                       12

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23 flUG  78  20:18:00
DUNCENESS SPIT  WflSH.
POINT WILSON MflSHIN
   6.0 KM ,   200.0 CM/S

TRUE  NORTH    f
                                5,01
                    	\\-\\\	
    FIGURE 5.01.   This  map shows the mean  flow for starting  times indicated
    in the upper  left  hand corner and  represents a 24-hour mean.
                                      13

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24 RUG  78  20:18:00
DUNGENESS SPIT  WflSH.

POINT WILSON WflSH.
                                 5,02
   6.0 KM ,   200.0 CM/S j_


TRUE  NORTH    t
    FIGURE 5.02.  This  map shows the mean  flow for starting  times indicated
    in the upper left hand corner and represents a 24-hour mean.

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22 flUG 78  20:18:00
OUNGENESS SPIT WflSH.
POINT WILSON WflSH.
   B.O KM .   200.0 CM/S


TRUE NORTH    f
                                5.03
    FIGURE 5.03.  This map  shows the mean flow for starting times  indicated
    in  the upper left hand  corner and represents a 3-day mean.
                                       15

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26 RUG  78
EDIZ  HOOK WflSHINGTON
DUNGENESS SPIT WflSH
   6 KM/IN
 100 CM/S/IN
TRUE NORTH    f
 FIGURE 5.04.  This map shows  the mean flow for starting  times indicated
 in the upper left hand corner and represents a 24-hour mean.
                                    16

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22 HUG 78  20:18:00
OUNGENESS SPIT  WflSHINGTQN

POINT WILSON WflSH.
 6 KM [-
100 CM/S
  TRUE NORTH
     2018
           0648
                                   6, JO
  FIGURE 6.00.   The  semi-diurnal  tidal ellipses are given for part  of  the
  Eastern Straits  of Juan  de Fuca.   The triangle symbol marks the starting
  point for  the  ellipse at the time 2018, 22 August 1978.  These are based
  on 24 hours  of data beginning at this time.  The magnitude and the direc-
  tion of the  current can  be determined for a particular time by starting
  the origin of  the  current arrow at the center of the ellipse, the magni-
  tude and direction will  be given by the time location on the  ellipse.
                                       17

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23 RUG  78  20:18:00
OUNGENESS SPIT WfiSH.
POINT WILSON WflSHIN
             6 KM [-
            100 CM/S
               TRUE NORTH
    2018
           0648
6.J1
    FIGURE 6.01.   The semi-diurnal  tidal  ellipses are given for  part
    of the Eastern Strait of Juan de  Fuca.   The triangle symbol  marks
    the starting  point for the ellipse  at the time 2018, 23 Aug  78.
                                     18

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2U HUG  78  20:18:00
DUNGENESS SPIT WflSH.
POINT  WILSON WflSH.
 6 KM [-
100 CM/S
  TRUE NORTH
     2018
           0648
   FIGURE 6.02.   The semi-diurnal tidal  ellipses are given for part  of the
   Eastern Strait of Juan de Fuca.  The  triangle symbol marks the starting
   point for  the  ellipse at the time 2018,  24  August 1978.
                                      19

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22 flUG  78  20:18:00
DUNGENESS SPIT WflSH.
POINT WILSON WflSH.
 6 KM  [-
100 CM/S
  TRUE NORTH
     2018
           0648
  FIGURE 6.03.  The semi-diurnal  tidal  ellipses are given  for  part  of the
  Eastern Strait of Juan de  Fuca.   The  triangle symbol marks the  starting
  point for the ellipse at the  time 2018, 22 August 1978.  These  are  based
  upon 72 hours of data beginning  at this time.

                                  20

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26 HUG  78  12-.20:00
EDIZ HOOK WflSHINGTON
DUNGENESS SPIT WRSH
                  6 KM[—
                100 CM/S
                  TRUE NORTH    t
    2018
           0648
6,04
      0048
          0218
    FIGURE 6.04.  The  semi-diurnal tidal ellipses  are  given for part of the
    Eastern Strait of  Juan  de Fuca.  The triangle  symbol  marks the starting
    point for the ellipse at the time 1220, 26  August  1978.  These are based
    on 24 hours of data  beginning at this time.
                                        21

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  aliasing may be present here due to the current reversal which dominated the
  flow during this 24-hour period.  Figure 7 shows the tidal ellipses for the
  diurnal component (with a 24.61 hour period) in Region I (Fig. 1) based upon
  72 hours of data.  Clearly, the semi-diurnal tides appear to dominate the
  diurnal tides in the eastern strait.

       We compared the general shape and magnitude of the tidal ellipses with
  those in a study of  Parker (1977)  who computed current-tidal components in
  the Strait of Juan de Fuca using current-meter data.   His Figure 19 shows
  current ellipses for the M2 component which can be compared with our Figs.
  6.03 and 6.04 in a few locations.   In Fig.  6.03,  for  example, consider the
  tidal ellipse labeled "A".   The direction  of rotation is  the same as Parker's
  ellipse,  the  length  of the major axis is about the same (%80 cm/s)  and the
  direction of  the major axis also appears to be the same.   Other  ellipse
  comparisons show similarly good agreement.

       When we  compare  ellipse  "B" in  Fig. 6.04  with  an ellipse in  a  comparable
  location  in Parker's  Fig.  19, we see a major axis  of  about  30 cm/s  in  the
  radar derived ellipse  and  40  cm/s in Parker's  ellipse with  the direction of
  these axes about  the  same  in both cases.  In this example the radar  data
  sample was only  24 hours long so one cannot expect  quite as  good  agreement as
  in the previous  case.  During the time that these radar observations were
 made, the  surface-current reversal occurred; this can be seen  in  both  the
 radar and  the current-meter data.  The reversal introduced a bias in our
 calculations of the tidal coefficients for this time.   A continuing analysis
 of these data sets is underway and a more detailed description of tidal
 circulation will be published when completed.

      In addition, there are some interesting features  in these ellipses as a
 function of location  in the strait.   For example,  the  direction of rotation
 of these ellipses changes from east to west.  Starting with the easternmost
 ellipses (Fig.  6.03),  the sense of rotation is in the  counterclockwise direc-
 tion.  Then, as  we scan westward, the sense reverses to the clockwise direc-
 tion in many cases.   This indicates  a phase reversal in the north-south
 component which  was also seen in the  current meter data.


 CURRENT  METER  COMPARISONS

      Figure 8.00  shows  the  locations  of  three  current-meter  strings  that were
 deployed by PMEL  for  the experiment.   The radar-measured surface  currents  at
 these locations  are compared with the current meters at  a  depth of 4  meters
 in Figs.  9.00  and 10.00.  There  is a  strong  correlation  between the  two data
 sets,  especially  in the east-west current component.   Differences between
 these data may be due  to  the depth dependence of the near-surface  currents
 and the  different  spatial sampling that is associated  with each type  of
 measurement.  The  radar-measured  currents are averaged over  a region  of about
 ten square  kilometers,  while the  Vector Averaging Current Meter (VACM)  current
measurements were  obtained for "point" locations.  These are  different  measure-
ments which complement  one another and provide a more  complete  picture  of the
flow.


                                      22

-------
22 flUG  78  20:18:00
DUNCENESS SPIT WflSH.
POINT WILSON NflSH.
                                          6 KM [-
                                        100 CM/S  [-
                                               TRUE NORTH
2018
           1718
                               7.00
 FIGURE 7.00.  The  diurnal  tidal ellipses are  given for part of the
 Eastern Strait of  Juan  de  Fuca.  The triangle symbol  marks the starting
 point for the ellipse  at the time 2018, 22 August 1978.  These are based
 upon 72 hours of data  beginning at this time.
                                    23

-------
           km
DEPTH IN FATHOMS  ':
         FIGURE 8.00.   Current meter  locations.
                        24

-------
  12U
                         EAST-WEST  CURRENTS
   60-
o
          ST-I2
                             V
                              ACMKm)
                                                              EAST
E
<-> -60-
                             \
                            -N
                     XcoDAR
                                                              WEST
        23
                            AUGUST I978 (PDT)
     FIGURE 9.00.   The  radar measured current is  compared with the current
     meter measurements at the four-meter depth for the east-west component.
                                   25

-------
120



60



 0
                          NORTH-SOUTH CURRENTS
          ST-
                     VACM (4m)

                       •'    -
                                                             NORTH
 -60-



-120
                   -CODAR
                                          V
                                                  v    W"
                                                              SOUTH
   120



   60



    0
         ST-12
                CODAR
                                                            NORTH
E
<-> -60-1
  -120
                     VACM(4m)
                                                              SOUTH
                           AUGUST 1978 ( PDT)
    FIGURE 10.00.  The radar measured currents are compared with the current
    meter measurements at the four-meter  depth for the north-south component.
                                26

-------
     The tidal coefficients from the radar and current meters are compared in
Table 1 for the two dominant tidal periods.  The radar surface measure-
ments lie within 10-15 m s"1 of the variation among the current meter mea-
surements at 4, 10, 20 m depths.  The mean current velocities measured by the
radar and the current meters are compared in Table 2.  For two of the current
meters the differences were within 4 m s"1 of the variation in the measure-
ments among the various depths.  The disagreement at the third current meter
location, however, appears significant and will require further analysis.
Because time periods involved were brief, transient atmospheric conditions
could have biased the near surface measurements.
DRIFTER COMPARISONS

     During the course of the experiment, only a fraction of the drifters
deployed and tracked by Evans-Hamilton, Inc. were within the areas covered by
the NOAA radar, therefore, inter-comparisons of the radar and drifter data
cannot be made in all cases.  However, we compared trajectories with twenty-
three drifters on 25 August 78.  The radar-deduced trajectories are shown
along with the measured locations of the drifters in Figs. 11.0 - 11.11 and
in the Appendix (Figs. A3.00 - A3.45).  Figure 11.00 shows the C0* drifter
locations (marked with circles) and the radar inferred track (marked at
half-hour intervals), where the radar track was computed from consecutive
current maps.  The differences in these two trajectories are probably attrib-
utable  to the inherent differences in the two types of observations.  The
drifter trajectory is controlled by the instantaneous velocity at its im-
mediate location, while the radar derived trajectory is a function of the
entire velocity field averaged over several square kilometers.  A horizontal
current shear, which produces a velocity difference of 1 cm/s for two drifters
very close together initially, will cause them to separate by almost a kilom-
eter after 24 hours.  We have identified current shears as large as 10 cm/s
across a kilometer.  Equally important is the difference in time resolution
between the two kinds of measurements.  The radar velocity measurements are
made using sea-echo Doppler spectra derived from 10 - 30 minutes of data.
Thus, the radar measurements also involve a time average of the currents,
while the drifter responds to the instantaneous currents.

     Figure 11.01 gives the radar predicted track for the C0 drifter, using
only the tidal and mean currents.  Differences in these two tracks will
depend on the spatial and temporal resolution in the radar data and on the
accuracy of the tidal coefficients.  The radar data have a spatial resolution
of about 2 km and a time resolution of about 36 minutes, since the latter is our
averaging time for each current measurement.  The accuracy of the tidal
coefficients is limited by the number of spectral components that could be
least-squares fitted to the data, and determines the completeness of the
Lagrangian picture as predicted by the radar.
     The drifters were each given an alpha-numeric designation which was
     printed on  the drift sheet  (Ebbesmeyer,  1978).
                                        27

-------
TABLE 1.  The coefficients of the two main tidal components are compared
for the radar and the current meters at all three depths.  While the
tidal currents are expected to be only weakly dependent upon depth,
there is some variation even among the different current meter depths.
The time is that used for computation of the tidal coefficients.  The'
M2 component has a period of 12.3 hours and the Kl component has a
24.61-hour period.
Location

ST-11



ST-12



ST-13



LEAST SQUARES TIDAL AMPLITUDE COMPARISON
T East-West
Series (Hours) (cm sec"1)

CODAR
VACM/4M
VACM/10M
VACM/20M
CODAR
VACM/4M
VACM/10M
VACM/20M
CODAR
VACM/4M
VACM/10M
VACM/20M

72
72
72
72
29
29
29
29
72
72
72
72
Kl
15.3
14.2
15.2
16.2
13.0
9.1
9.0
12.4
16.8
20.9
19.7
18.6
M2
28.9
42.3
47.1
50.6
39.7
30.3
31.1
41.8
43.7
50.3
48.8
46.8
North-South
(cm sec )
Kl
3.4
3.0
4.5
6.7
9.6
11.6
11.0
11.1
3.7
6.2
4.8
1.0
M2
4.2
2.6
10.7
5.4
14.4
21.6
18.8
29.4
2.8
14.8
14.8
12.5
                                  28

-------
TABLE 2.   The mean current velocity is given at the surface (from radar
data) and at three depths (from the current meter data).
TIME SERIES STATISTICS
East-West
Location
ST-11



ST-12



ST-13



Series
CODAR
VACM/4M
VACM/10M
VACM/20M
CODAR
VACM/4M
VACM/10M
VACM/20M
CODAR
VACM/4M
VACM/10M
VACM/20M
T
(Hours)
72
72
72
72
29
29
29
29
72
72
72
72
Mean _,
(cm-sec" )
-23.6
-30.3
-28.5
-24.1
-18.3
6.3
7.0
4.2
-28.6
-25.8
-23.9
-16.9
Variance ^
(cm- sec " )
748
1119
1376
1477
984
765
647
981
1054
1421
1331
1258
North-South
Mean _,
(cm-sec" )
-2.1
-4.4
-0.5
-3.6
19.5
2.3
0.8
1.2
11.7
16.3
13.2
10.5
Variance_2
(cm • sec )
166
310
370
241
304
526
307
489
154
310
217
174
                                      29

-------
       The trajectories In Figs. 11.02 and 11.03 illustrate how, in some cases,
  apparently high spatial resolution is obtained with the radar.  The raw radar-
  data was used to compute the track in Fig. 11.02 which little resembles that
  of drifter C3.  This is probably due to the fact that, at the location of
  this drifter, the distance to the Point Wilson site is so large that the
  signal-to-noise ratio of the sea echo data is relatively poor.  However, the
  mean velocity and tidal currents produced a very accurate estimate of the
  drift track in Fig.  11.03.

       Another more convolved trajectory was duplicated  in Fig.  11.04 over a
  time interval of about 10.5 hours.   This and the other tracks  shown here
  suggest  that the radar has  sufficient spatial and temporal resolution to
  track drifters (or oil slicks)  in a  complicated current field.   Part of the
  differences  seen here are probably caused by insufficient  or  faulty pro-
  cessing  of  the radar data.   One of the  reasons  that  experiments  of  this
  nature are  important is  that radar system development  and  understanding can
  be  gained through application in real situations  with  known conditions.

       Figures  11.05 and 11.06  provide  another  case in point.  The drifter
  track in Fig.  11.05  was made  by  using just  the  tidal and mean  currents.  We
  can  see  the hypothetical drifter  going north  and  to the east, diverging  from
  the  actual drifter track.  However, when we add all of  the data  (Fig. 11.06),
  namely the instantaneous temporal fluctuations  in the surface current, we
  obtain very good agreement with the drifter track.  The computed drifter
  track does not go to the end of the regular drifter track because the data
 were being taken at the extreme range of one of the radars.  Analogous be-
 havior is seen in Figs. 11.07 and 11.08 for drifter Y2.  Disregarding the
 poor coastline registration, the raw radar data has the track going north
 along the coast while the mean and tidal currents cause the drifter to swing
 to the east  and arc southward.

      We include the drift comparisons which were not totally favorable to the
 radar. As an example,  Fig.  11.09 shows  a case where drifter Y4 was initially
 positioned  too close  to the  baseline  between the two radar sites. This is a
 particularly unstable region for the  radar because both radar sites "see" the
 same radial  current component.  The other component  of  the total current
 vector is then indeterminant and produced the ragged track seen in  Fig.  11.09
 The  track in Fig.  11.10 which used the mean flow and  tides  were no  longer
 noisy, but transient  surface currents  may have been missed,  possibly explain-
 ing  the discrepancies with the actual  drift  track.

      Finally,  Fig.  11.11 reveals  a "dogleg"  in the drift track  that  was
 captured by both  the  radar and the drifter Y8.   This  illustrates  the com-
 plexity of the  circulation patterns that  have  length scales of  a  few kilom-
 eters. Although the radar can  capture  such detail, care  must be exercised
when  comparing  with surface drifters.  The radar averages over an area which
in this case, caused  the track to  be displaced westward  of  the  true  drifter
location.   The  radar  reveals the  trajectory  geometry but it cannot precisely
locate the drifter. This is a  radar resolution effect.
                                      30

-------
FIGURES 11.00 thru 11.11.   The positions of surface drifters deployed
and tracked by Evans-Hamilton on 25 August 1978 are compared_with
Lagrangian trajectories derived from radar data.  The label  in the
upper lefthand corner gives the data and time of the start of the
drifter and computed trajectories, the date and time of the end of the
computed trajectory, the RAW/ or TID/ denotes whether the radar derived
radar track was raw radar data or tidally derived drift tracks which
have the mean flow as well as tidal data respectively.  The information
to the right of the / denotes the Evans-Hamilton, Inc., drifter number
(for example:  in Figure A3.00 RAW/CO denotes the raw data with drifter
number CO).  The last number on the left shows the time of the end of
the drifter track.  The label in the upper righthand corner gives the
spatial scale in km/in, the time between the tick marks of the radar
derived trajectory and the direction of north.  The Evans-Hamiltin,  Inc.
trajectory is denoted by circles, each circle represents the location
position measurement was made on the drifter.  The line with the  tick
marks denotes the radar-derived trajectory.
                                    31

-------
25-HUG-78  11:58:16
25 RUG 78  19:58:16
RflW / CO
2005
4.00 KM [	
     0.50  HR
 TRUE  NORTH
                               FIGURE  11.00
                                     32

-------
25-RUG-78
25 HUG 78
TID / CO
2005
11:58:16
19:58:16
A.00 KM [
    0.50 HR
 TRUE  NORTH
                                   FIGURE 11.01
                                        33

-------
25-flUG-78
25 RUG 78
RflW / C3
2012
12:27:40
19:57:40
4.00 KM [	
     0.50 HR
 TRUE NORTH
                               FIGURE 11.02
                                      34

-------
25-RUG-78  12:27:40
25 flUG 78  20:  7:40
TID / C3
2012
A.00 KM [-
      0.50  HR
  TRUE  NORTH
                              FIGURE 11.03
                                     35

-------
25-flUG-78
25 RUG 78
TID / X6
1733
07:07:15
17:27: 15
                                                4.00 !
-------
25-RUG-78
25 HUG 78
TID / Yl
1629
07:111:00
18:21:00
4.00 KM [	
     0.50 HR
 TRUE NORTH    f
                                   FIGURE 11.05
                                        37
-------
25-RUG-78
25 RUG 78
RRH / Tl
1829
07sm«00
18:21:00
4.00 KM [	
     (5.50 HR"
 TRUE NORTH    |
                                                                   c
                                                                 c
                      FIGURE  11.06
                           38
-------
25-RUG-78  08:25:00
25 RUG 78  16:25:00
RflH / T2
1626
4.00 KM [	
     0T50~Tifl    7
 TRUE NORTH    f
                                FIGURE 11.07
                                      39
-------
25-RUG-78
25 flUG 78
TID / Y2
1626
08:25:00
16:25:00
.00 KM [	
    0.50 HR
TRUE NORTH    f
                               FIGURE  11.08
-------
25-RUG-78  12: 05": 55
25 RUG 78  18:25:55
RHH / Y4
1833
A. 00 KM [
TRUE NORTH    f
                                 FIGURE  11.09
                                       41
-------
25-RUG-78
25 flUG 78
TID / YM
1833
12:05:55
18S25:55
4.00 KM [	
    0.50  HR
TRUE NORTH
                                                             O
                              FIGURE 11.10
-------
25-RUG-78  13:214:00
25 RUG 78  19:1414:00
RflW / Y8
1953
4.00 KM [-
      0.50 HR
  TRUE NORTH    f
                                   FIGURE 11.11
-------
 SPECIAL AREA

      Although the entire region is  of  great  interest  and importance,  Admiralty
 Inlet attracts special  attention because  it  is  the major entrance to  Puget
 Sound.   Detailed  surface current maps  for Admiralty Inlet are  given in the
 Appendix (Figs. A4.00 - A4.71)  for  each hour between  2100 on 22 August and
 2000  on 25 August.   These maps  are  bordered  by  Whidbey  Island  to  the  east,
 the Quimper  Peninsula to the south, and Protection Island to the  southwest.
 A  sample is  shown in Fig. 12.00 which  displays  some of  the strongest  currents
 (to nearly four knots)  noted by this study.   In this  case,  the currents are
 almost  entirely tidally driven.

      The mean  flow that was derived from  72  hours of  data  beginning on the
 evening  of 22 August 1978 is shown  in  Fig. 13.00.  While  the net  flow  was
 apparently out of Admiralty Inlet, a feature  in the center  of the inlet indi-
 cates that upwelling may have occurred; this  could be due  to a bathymetry
 effect.  The maximum mean velocity was about  25 cm/s,  well below  the mean
 flow  farther out in the strait.  Additionally,  the tidal ellipses for  the
 12.3-hour tidal component (Fig.  14.00) and the 24.61-hour component
 (Fig.  15.00)  clearly show the tides forcing water in and out of the inlet.
Again the 12.3-hour component dominates.
                                    44
-------
23 HUG 78   1: 0:00
POINT WILSON WflSH.
DUNGENESS SPIT WflSH
 2 KM  [	
200 CM/S [-
  TRUE NORTH
     FIGURE 12.00.  Some of  the strongest currents just  north of Admiralty
     Inlet which occurred  during the 3-day measurement period.

                                     45
-------
22 RUG  78  20:18:00

POINT WILSON WRSH.


DUNCENESS SPIT WflSH
                                               2 KM [-
200 CM/S [-
                                               TRUE NORTH
h«pH,,no    mean flow at  the  north end of Admiralty Inlet
based  upon  a  72-hour least squares fit.
                                   46
-------
22 RUG  78  20:18:00
POINT WILSON WRSH.
DUNGENESS SPIT WflSH
                                             2 KM [-
                                            200 CM/S
TRUE  NORTH
       FIGURE 14.00.  The  12.3-hour tidal ellipses  for Admiralty Inlet  based
       upon 72 hours of  data  beginning on 2000,  22  August 1978.

                                       47
-------
22 RUG  1Q  20:18:00
POINT WILSON WHSH.
DUNGENESS SPIT WflSH
 2 KM  [	
200 Cl'./S [-
  TRUE NORTH
        FIGURE 15.00"   The 24.61  hour tidal ellipses  for Admiralty Inlet
        based upon 72 hours of  data beginning on  2000,  22 August 1978.

                                        48
-------
                               BIBLIOGRAPHY

Barrick,  D.  E.,  Evans,  M.  W.,  and Weber,  B. L.,  1977,  Ocean surface currents
     mapped by radar, Science, 198, p. 138-144.

Barrick,  D.  E.  and Weber,  B.  L., 1977, On the nonlinear theory for gravity
     waves on the ocean's surface, Part II: Interpretation and applications.
     J.P.O.  vol. 7, p.  13.

Weber, B. L., and Barrick, D.  E., 1977, On the nonlinear theory for gravity
     waves on the ocean's surface, Part I: Derivations.  J.P.O. vol. 7, p. 3.

Cox, J. M., Ebbermeyer, C. C., and Helseth, J. M., 1978, Surface drift sheet
     movements observed in the inner Strait of Juan de Fuca, August 1978.
     Evans-Hamilton, Inc., Seattle, Washington, 72 pp.

Cannon, G. A. (ed),  1978, Circulation in the Strait of Juan de Fuca; some
     recent oceanographic observations.  NOAA Tech. Report ERL-PMEL, 29,
     49 pp.

Holbrook, J. R.t S.  Frisch, and A. Ages.,  1979, Observations of coastal  forcing
     during summer  in  the Strait  of Juan de Fuca.  Trans, of the American
     Geophysical Union, 60(46), 846.

Holbrook, J. R., R.  D. Muench,  and G. A. Cannon, 1980,  Seasonal observations
     of  low-frequency  atmospheric forcing  in  the Strait  of  Juan de Fuca.   In:
     Fjord  Oceanography, NATO Conference  Series, H. J.  Freeland,  D. M.
     Folmer, and C.  D. Levings (editors)  Plenum Press,  New York,  305-
      318.

Frisch,  A.  S.,  and Weber, B.  L.,  1980, A  new  technique for measuring  tidal
      currents by using a  two-site HF  Doppler  radar system.   In:   J.G.R.,
     vol. 85, pp.  485.


Parker,  B.  B.,  1977, Tidal hydrodynamics  in the Strait of Juan de Fuca —
      Strait of  Georgia,  NOAA  Tech.  Report NOS 69,  U.S.  Dept.  of  Commerce,
      56  pp.
                                         49
-------
                                  APPENDIX

      The first set  of figures Al.OO to A1.71 are surface current maps  for  the
 eastern part of the Eastern Strait of Juan de Fuca.   They represent  the
 currents starting at 2100  on 22  August 1978.   They are given for each  hour
 and end on 25 August 1978  at 2000.   The label in the  upper lefthand  corner
 denotes the date, time,  and the  two radar locations.   The label  in the upper
 righthand corner denotes the distance scale in kilometers,  the current ve-
 locity scale in cm/s and the direction of true north.   The second set  of
 figures,  A2.00 to A2.26, are surface current  maps for one hour intervals for
 data taken in the western  part of the Eastern Strait  of Juan de  Fuca between
 1300 on 26 August 1978 and 1500  on 27 August  1978.  The labels give  the same
 information as in the first set  of figures.

      The third set  of figures, A3.00 to A3.45,  show  the comparisons between
 the Evans-Hamilton,  Inc. drifters  and a predicted drifter track  based  on the
 radar data.   The label in  the  upper  lefthand  corner gives the date and time
 of  the start of  the  drifter and  computed trajectories,  the  date  and  time of
 the end of the computed  trajectory,  and denotes  whether the predicted  track
 was derived from raw data  or based only upon  the tides  and  mean  flow.  The
 Evans-Hamilton,  Inc.  drifter number  is  also given.  For example,  in  Fig.
 A3.00,  RAW/CO indicates  that raw data were used  with  drifter number  CO. The
 last number on the left  shows  the  end time of  the actual drifter track. The
 label in  the upper righthand corner  gives the  spatial  scale in kilometers,
 the time  between the  tick marks  of the  radar derived  trajectory  in hours,  and
 the direction of  true north.   The  Evans-Hamilton,  Inc.  trajectory is denoted
 by  circles,  where each circle  represents  the location  of a  position  mea-
 surement  that was made on  the  drifter.   The line with  the tick marks denotes
 the radar-derived trajectory.

      The last  set of  figures, A4.00  to  A4.71, denote surface  current maps
 near Admiralty Inlet, the area of  special interest.  These  represent hourly
 data  starting at 2100 on 22 August 1978  and ending on 25  August  at 2000.   The
 label gives  the same  information as  in  the first  two sets of  figures in this
Appendix.
                                      50
-------
22-flUG-78  21:OOtOO
DUNGENESS SPIT WflSHINGTON
POINT WILSON WRSH.
  6 KM [-
200 CM/S [-
                                                    TRUE  NORTH
                                     A 1,00
                                        « \  »  I  <  4

                                        V \  \  «  <  .
                      »  »  I  \  \  \  V

                      V  ••»»»»
-------
22 RUG 78  22:  0:00
DUNGENESS SPIT  WHSHINGTON
POINT WILSON WflSH.
  6 KM [-
200 CM/S [-
  TRUE  NORTH    |
                                    A 1,01
-------
22 RUG 78  23:  0:00
DUNGENESS SPIT  WASHINGTON
POINT WILSON HflSH.
      [-
200 ci'/s [-
                                                    TRUE  NORTH
                                    A 1.02
-------
23 RUG 78   0:  0:00
DUNGENESS SPIT  WflSHINGTON
POINT WILSON WflSH.
  6 KM [-
200 CK/S [-
                                                    TRUE NORTH    |
                                      A 1.03
-------
23 flUC 78    1: 0:00
DUNGENESS SPIT WflSHINGTON
POINT WILSON WflSH.
  6 KM [	
200 CM/S  [-
   TRUE  NORTH
                                    A 1.04
                                                	  	
                                           ^
-------
23 flUG 78    2:  0:00
DUNGENESS SPIT  WflSHINGTON
POINT WILSON WflSH.
  6 KM [-
200 CM/S [-
                                                    TRUE  NORTH     f
                                     1,05
-------
23 HUG 78   3: 0:00
DUNGENESS SPIT WflSHINGTON
POINT WILSON  WflSH.
                                                  6 KM [-
200 CM/S t	'       "

   TRUE NORTH    f
                                    A 1,06
-------
23 RUG 78   4: 0:00
DUNGENESS SPIT WflSHINGTON
POINT WILSON WflSH.
  6 KM [	'	
200 cr./s  [	

  TRUE NORTH     t
                                     A LJf
-------
23 RUG 78   5: 0:00
DUNGENESS SPIT WflSHINGTON
POINT WILSON  WflSH.
                                   A 1.03
  6 KM [	
200 CM/S  [-
   TRUE  NORTH
-------
23 flUG 76   6: 0:00
DUNGENESS SPIT WflSHINGTON
POINT WILSON WflSH.
  6 KM [—
200 CM/S  [-
  TRUE  NORTH
                                     1 fiC
-------
23 flUG 78   7: 0:00
DUNGENESS SPIT HflSHINGTON
POINT WILSON WflSH.
  6 KM [-
200 CM/S [	

   TRUE NORTH
                                     A 1,10
                                    ^	> V \  \
-------
23 flUG 78   8: 0:00
OUNGENESS SPIT WflSHINGTON
POINT WILSON WflSH.
                         ALII
                6 KM [—	
              200 CM/S [	

                TRUE NORTH   f
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-------
23 RUG 78   9: 0:00


DUNGENESS SPIT WflSHINGTON

POINT WILSON WRSH.
  6 KM [-
200 CM/S  [-
                                                  TRUE NORTH
                                A1.J2
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-------
23 HUG 78   10: 0:00
DUNCENESS SPIT WflSHINGTON
POINT WILSON WflSH.
  6 KM [	
200 CM/S  [-
  TRUE NORTH
                                    A 1.13
-------
23 flUG 78   11: 0:00
DUNGENESS SPIT HflSHINGTON
POINT WILSON WRSH.
  6 KM [-
200 CH/S [	

  TRUE  NORTH    f
                                   A LIU
-------
23 flUG 78  12: 0:00
DUNGENESS SPIT WflSHINGTON
POINT WILSON WHSH.
                                                   6 KM
200 CM/S [	

  TRUE  NORTH     f
                                   A 1.15
-------
23 flUG 78   13:  O.-OQ
DUNGENESS SPIT  WflSHINGTON
POINT WILSON  WflSH.
  6 KM [-
200 CM/S [-
                                                    TRUE  NORTH    f
                                   A 1.16
-------
23 RUG 78  14:  0:00
DUNGENESS SPIT  WflSHINGTON
POINT WILSON  WflSH.
                                                 6 KM [-
200 Ct'./S  [-
  TRUE NORTH
                                 A 1,17
                                       =^x   . NX^^^
-------
23 RUG 78  15: 0:00
OUNGENESS SPIT WASHINGTON
POINT WILSON WRSH.
                                                  6 KM  [
200 CM/S [
   TRUE  NORTH
                                   A 1,13
-------
23 RUG 78  16: 0:00
DUNGENESS SPIT HftSHINGTON
POINT WILSON WflSH.
                6 KM [-
               200 CM/S [	

                TRUE NORTH
                       A Li]
--
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-------
23 HUG 78  17: 0:00
DUNGENESS SPIT WflSHINGTON
POINT WILSON WflSH.
  6 KM [-
200 CM/S [	
   TRUE NORTH
                                  A 1,23
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-------
23 HUG 78  18: 0:00
OUNGENESS SPIT WRSHINGTGN
POINT WILSON WflSH.
                                                   6 KM [-
200 CM/S [	

  TRUE NORTH
                                    A 1.21
                                        /  /  I  /  '  / / v / /
-------
23 RUG 78   19:  0:00
DUNGENESS SPIT  WRSHINGTON
POINT WILSON  WflSH.
  6 KM [--
200 CM/S [—

  TRUE  NORTH
                                     1.22
-------
23 flUG 78  20:  0:00
DUNGENESS SPIT  WflSHINGTON
POINT WILSON WflSH.
                                                   6 KM [-
200 CM/S [-
   TRUE NORTH
                                   A 1,23
-------
23 flUG 78  21:  0:00

DUNGENESS SPIT  WflSHINGTON

POINT WILSON WflSH.
                 6 KM [	

               200 CM/S [-
                 TRUE NORTH
                              A 1.24
                            --^ \ f  t  / /
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                                   M
-------
23 flUG 78  22; 0:00
DUNGENESS SPIT WHSHINGTON
POINT WILSON WflSH.
  6 KM [-
200 CM/S  [-
                                                   TRUE NORTH
                                  ALS
-------
23 flUC 78  23: 0:00
DUNGENESS SPIT WflSHINGTON
POINT WILSON WflSH.
                                                   6 KM  [-
200 CM/S [	

  TRUE NORTH
                                  A 1.26
-------
24 RUG 78   0: 0:00
DUNGENESS SPIT WflSHINGTON
POINT WILSON WflSH.
                                                   6 KM [-
200 CM/S [	
  TRUE NORTH
                                    A 1,27
-------
24 flUG 78    1: 0:00
DUNGENESS SPIT MflSHINGTON
POINT WILSON  WflSH.
  6 KM [	
200 CM/S  [-
  TRUE NORTH    t
                                 A 1.23
-------
2M flUG 78   2: 0:00
DUNGENESS SPIT WflSHINGTON
POINT WILSON WflSH.
                                                   6 KM [-
200 CM/S [	
  TRUE NORTH    f
                                   A 1.29
-------
24 flUG 78   3: 0:00
DUNGENESS SPIT WASHINGTON
POINT WILSON WflSH.
  6 KM [	
200 CM/S  [-
   TRUE  NORTH    f
                                  A 1.53
-------
24 flUG 78   H: 0:00
DUNGENESS SPIT WASHINGTON
POINT WILSON WflSH.
                                                   6 KM [
200 CM/S [-
  TRUE  NORTH
                                    A 1,31
-------
24 RUG 78   5:  0:00
DUNGENESS SPIT  WflSHINGTON
POINT WILSON WflSH.
                                                   6 KM [-
200 CM/S [-
   TRUE  NORTH
                                 A 1.32
-------
2U RUG 78   6: 0:00
OUNGENESS SPIT WflSHINGTON
POINT HILSON WflSH.
                                                   6 KM [-
200 CM/S [	-7—;
   TRUE NORTH
                  	I
                                   A 1.33

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-------
214 PUG 78   7: 0:00
OUNGENESS SPIT WflSHINGTON
POINT WILSON WflSH.
  6 KM [	
200 CM/S  [-
  TRUE NORTH
                                   A 1,31
x
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-------
24 HUG 78   8:  0:00

DUNCENESS SPIT  HflSH.

POINT WILSON WHSH.
  6 KM [-
200 CM/S [	

  TRUE  NORTH
                                   A 1.35
                                           \ \  I  /  \
                                           /M  /  /
                                           / /,///'--.
                                            ////..-
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                                        f '
                                              » X --
                                                        N
-------
24 RUG 78    9:  0:00
OUNGENESS  SPIT  WflSH.
POINT WILSON WflSH.
                          6 KM [-
                        200 CM/S [-
                         "TRUE "NOFTTH"    t
                                  A 1.36
                      /
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\ s \
f N
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1



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f
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t • *
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s — >»
• « —
-------
24 flUG 78  10; 0:00


DUNGENESS SPIT WflSH.

POINT WILSON WflSH.
 6 KM [-
200 CM/S [-
                                  TRUE NORTH
                      A 1.37
                            \l  f\NN

                  SWN^U^:
                          \\1\\\v--
    i  t
-------
24 RUG 78  11:  OsQO

DUNGENESS SPIT  HflSH.

POINT WILSON WRSH.
                                      6 KM [-
                  200 CM/S [	

                    TRUE' NORTH
                          A 1.38
                         X  /   \\-\\Mt\\»\
              x -    //   x  \  . .  \ \  \ \ N V  /
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-------
24 RUG 78   12:  0:00
DUNGENESS SPIT  HflSH.
POINT WILSON WHSH.
                                                    6 KM [-
200 CM/S [-
                                                    TRUE NORTH
                                A 1.39
-------
2U flUG 78   13:  0:00
DUNGENESS SPIT  WHSH.
POINT WILSON  WRSH.
                                                    6 KM [-
200 CM/S [-
  TRUE NORTH    f
                                 A 1,10
-------
2M RUG 76   1U:  0:00
DUNGENESS SPIT  HRSH.
POINT WILSON WflSH.
  6 KM [-
200 CM/S [	
 TRUE  NORTH     |
-------
24 RUG 78  15: 0:00
OUNGENESS SPIT WflSH.
POINT WILSON WflSHIN
                                                    6 KM [-
200 CM/S [

 "TRUE NORTH
                                 AL42
-------
24 flUG 78   16:  0:00
DUNGENESS SPIT  HflSH.
POINT WILSON WflSHIN
  6 KM [-
200 CM/S [	
  TRUE NORTH
                                   A 1.43
-------
24 HUG 78  17: 0:00
DUNGENESS SPIT HflSH.
POINT WILSON WflSH.
                                                   6 KM [-
200 CM/S [	

  TRUE NORTH
                                 Al.W
-------
24 RUG 78   18:  0:00
DUNGENESS SPIT  WflSH.
POINT WILSON  WflSH.
                                                  6 KM [-
200 CM/S [-
    TRUE  NORTH
                                    A 1,45
-------
2U RUG 78  19: 0:00
DUNGENESS SPIT WflSH.
POINT WILSON WflSHIN
                                                   6 KM [-
200 CM/S  [	
  TRUE  NORTH
-------
24 flUG 78  20: 0:00
DUNGENESS SPIT WflSH.
POINT WILSON WflSHIN
  6 KM [	
200 CM/S  [-
   TRUE NORTH
                                    A 1.47
XXX XX
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-------
24 RUG 78  21: 0:00
DUNGENESS SPIT WHSH.
POINT WILSON WflSHIN
  6 KM [-
200 CM/S [-
                                                   TRUE  NORTH
-------
2>4 flUG  78  22:  0:00
DUNGENESS SPIT  WflSH.
POINT WILSON WflSHIN
                                                      6 KM  [-
200 CM/S [-	
   TRUE NORTH
                                      A 1,43
                                             /
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-------
24 flUG 78  23: 0:00
DUNGENESS SPIT WHSH.
POINT WILSON WflSHIN
  6 KM [-
200 CM/S [	
  TRUE NORTH
                                  A 1.50
-------
25 RUG 78   0: 0:00
OUNGENESS SPIT WflSH.
POINT WILSON WflSHIN
  6 KM [-
200 CM/S
   TRUE  NORTH
                                    A 1.51
-------
25 RUG 78    1: 0:00
DUNGENESS SPIT WHSH.
POINT WILSON WflSHIN
  6 KM [	
200 CM/S  [-
                                                    TRUE NORTH
                                   A 1.52
-------
25 RUG 78   2:  0:00
OUNGENESS SPIT  WflSH.'
POINT WILSON WRSHIN
  6 KM [-
200 Q'/S
  TRUE NORTH    f
                                    A 1.53
-------
25 RUG 78   3: 0:00
DUNGENESS SPIT WRSH.
POINT HILSON WRSHIN
  6 KM [	
200 CM/S  [-
                                                                  -]
   TRUE NORTH    f
                                     A 1.54
-------
25 HUG 78   U:  0:00
DUNGENESS SPIT  WfiSH.
POINT WILSON WflSHIN
  6 KM [-
200 CM/S
  TRUE NORTH    t
                                     A 1.55
-------
25 RUG 78   5: 0:00
DUNGENESS SPIT WRSH.
POINT WILSON WRSHIN
  6 KM [-
200 CM/S [	
  TRUE NORTH
                                    A 1.56
-------
25 RUG 78    6:  0:00
DUNGENESS SPIT  WflSH.
POINT WILSON WflSHIN
  6 KM [-
200 CM/S [	
   TRUE NORTH
                                     A 1.57
/ •
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\ V
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—>~ V
• »— *x
-. V
- •• ^
.-, —
«- —
» ^,
V \
\ V
^ \

N --
~- »--
•v »-
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> \
i t
1 '
V v
• \
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- V
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N \
N <
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»» V.
•v. •v.
— -^
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•>• -
^ \
1
. • -^
^ \
« 4
\ t
• \
\ \
\ \
\ \
\ \
Ny
\
N X
•^ ~>
V V
v \
\ \
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X —
f -k
i k
t t
\ \
\ \
\ \
\ \
\ \
^x "^— "
- .-
**^"^^*"^

^
\ s
1 /
/
^r
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&
\

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V
\
\
\
^^.
**
s
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-
-
1
• -** -
-**
• »^ ^s. ^
. 	 	 —

V »- —
»-, ^ »

-V. -^ ---
• S ^ *-
' ^ S 1
'// /
r r y
s
ss
- / /

^^
^/
^/
^ ~-
s ^
f -*
o
** ~-
~-~-
~~ s
/ /
/ 1
/ 1
/ /
/ /
/ v
\
/
\
•" /
^^--
s s
\ /
/ t
~-s
" /
s /
1
/ /
/ 1
' \
\ -•
s*
\
-------
25 RUG 78    7:  0:00
DUNGENESS SPIT  WRSH.
POINT WILSON WflSHIN
                                                    6 KM [-
200 CM/S [-
                                                    TRUE NORTH
                                   A 1.53


•


'
'
»
1
1
/
1
t
1
f

'
X
/


'
• "•--.'/
• — - - s /
- • • /
- - / / /
/ t / 1 / /
t • / • 1 /
-...,/•
1 * ' * / X
iff/!''
' Iff//
//Iff/1
/ ' f r / s



' * • • • •»
•» • v V \ »


\ , *• . .
» — / / / •
/ \ / / / /
IlltS/
1 > / / / s
t s s / S /
s / s / / /
S / / S / /
/ / / f / /
/ / / f / /
//////
S ' / f t f
' ' 1 / / /
• ' t ' 1 t


--.,,,
•» - " * > /


V - V \ \
— . , . —
- . - . .
s* ^ • -V
^ s* J- • ^ — —
s s \ . -^ ^, ^.
s"S ' \ \ • •• •
XXX / \ . - .
// f \ / / x ,
//\f/S'*'
/ / / °
///'''•'
/////»».
1 > 1 1 - . . ,

• / / t V \ \
• / / / / /
• / / / \ \
/ / /
• ^ / /
• ' \
\ \


^

-^.
—
.
»
— *.
_,
x
_»
X


\
\
\
\
\





_-
^«
.
t
,
t
X
\
\
x

\
s>-

-^
-------
25 RUG 78   8: 0:00
DUNGENESS SPIT WflSH.
POINT WILSON WflSHIN
  6 KM [—
200 CM/S  [-
  TRUE NORTH
                                    A 1.59
-------
25 HUG 78   9: 0:00
DUNGENESS SPIT WflSH.
POINT WILSON WflSHIN
                                                    6 KM [-
200 CM/S [	

 TRUE NORTH
                                 A 1.50
-------
25 HUG 78  10: 0:00

DUNGENESS SPIT WflSH.
POINT WILSON HflSHIN
  6 KM [-
200 CM/S [-
                                                    TRUE  NORTH
                                   A1.G1
                                   X / / S S / /  /


                                      ///X/'  /  /  M    t
                                   ^///•//    1/|/
                                            // /  '  I  /  /  /  x  i
-------
25 flUG 78   11:  0:00
OUNGENESS SPIT  WflSH.
POINT WILSON WflSHIN
  6 KM [-
200 CM/S [-
                                                    TRUE NORTH
                                  A 1.62
                                             //>  / \ \ \  \
                                       •''///MM
-------
25 flUG 78   10: 0:00
OUNGENESS SPIT WflSH.
POINT WILSON WflSHIN
                                                    6 KM [-
200 CM/S [-
                                                    TRUE NORTH
                                   A1.G1
                                      / ///  / /  M
-------
25 flUG 78   11:  0:00
OUNGENESS SPIT  WflSH.
POINT WILSON WflSHIN
                                                    6 KM  [-
200 CM/S [-
                                                    TRUE NORTH
                                  A 1.62
                                         t  I  1  \  \  \ V \ N \
-------
25 HUG 78  12: 0:00
DUNGENESS SPIT WflSH.
POINT WILSON WRSHIN
  6 KM [—
200 CM/S  [-
   TRUE NORTH
                                  A 1,63
-------
25 flUG 76   13:  0:00
DUNGENESS SPIT  WflSH.
POINT WILSON WflSH.
                                                    KM
200 CM/S [-
   TRUE NORTH
                                  A 1.64
-------
25 flUG 78  14: 0:00
DUNGENESS SPIT WflSH.
POINT WILSON WflSH.
  6 KM [	
200 CM/S  I-
  THUE NORTH
                                     A 1,65
-------
25 flUG 78   15:  O.-OO
OUNGENESS SPIT  WflSH.
POINT WILSON  WflSH.
  6 KM [-
200 CM/S [-
                                                    TRUE NORTH
                                    A 1.66
-------
25 HUG 78   16:  0:00
OUNGENESS SPIT  WflSH.
POINT WILSON WflSH.
  6 KM [-
200 CM/K
                                                    TRUE NORTH
                                     A 1.67
-------
25 flUG 78   17:  0:00
OUNGENESS SPIT  WflSH.
POINT WILSON WflSH.
                                                   6 KM [-
200 CM/S [-
   TRUE NORTH
                                    A 1.63
-------
25 flUG 78   18:  0:00
DUNGENESS SPIT  WfiSH.
POINT WILSON WRSH.
  6 KM [-
200 CM/S [
                                                    TRUE  NORTH
                                   A 1.69
-------
25 RUG 78  19: 0:00
OUNGENESS SPIT WflSH.
POINT WILSON  WfiSH.
  6 KM [	
200 CM/S  [-
   TRUE NORTH
                                     A 1.73
-------
25 flUG 78  20: 0:00
DUNGENESS SPIT WflSH.
POINT WILSON  HflSH.
                    6 KM [-
                   200 CM/S [-
                                             TRUE NORTH
                             A 1.71
                !'..   j.
    /

\  \-"-
-------
26-HUG-78   13:00:00
EDIZ HOOK WflSH.
DUNGENESS SPIT HflSH
  f> KM [-
200 CK/S [-
                                                    TRUE NORTH
                                        A 2.X
-------
26 flUG 78   IHt  0:00
EDIZ HOOK MflSH.
DUNGENESS SPIT  WflSH
                                                    6 KM [-
200 CM/S [	
  TRUE NORTH
                                       A 2.01
-------
26 RUG 78   15:  0:00
EOIZ HOOK WflSH.
DUNGENESS SPIT  HflSH
                                                    6 KM [-
COO CM/S [-
                                                    TRUE NORTH
                                       A 2.02
-------
26 flUG 78   16:  0:00
EDIZ HOOK WflSH.
DUNGENESS SPIT  WflSH
  6 KM [-
200 CM/S [	

TRUE NORTH
                                       A2.J3
-------
26 RUG 78   17:  0:00
EDIZ HOOK WflSH.
DUNGENESS SPIT  WflSH
  6 KM [-
200 CM/S [-
                                                    TRUE NORTH
                                      A 2,04
-------
26 RUG 78   18:  0:00
EDIZ HOOK WflSH.
DUNGENESS SPIT  WflSH
                                                    6 KM [-
200 CM/S [	

  TRUE NORTH
                                     A 2.05
-------
26 RUG 78  19: 0:00
EDIZ HOOK WflSHINGTON
OUNGENESS SPIT WflSH
              6 KM [-
             200 CM/S [-
                                        TRUE NORTH
                             A 2.06
                                  o

                                             V
                                                , s
                     x
Stt-'.••/
-------
26 RUG 78  20: 0:00
EOIZ HOOK WRSHINGTON
DUNGENESS SPIT WflSH
  6 KM [	
2 OP CM/S  [-
   TRUE NORTH
                                        A 2.07
-------
26 RUG 78  21:  0:00
EDIZ HOOK WflSHINGTQN
DUNGENESS SPIT  WflSH
  6 KM [-
200 CM/S [-
                                                    TRUE  NOflTH
                                        A 2,03
-------
26 RUG 78  22: 0:00
EDIZ HOOK MflSHINGTON
DUNGENESS SPIT WflSH
 6 KM [—
200 CM/S [-
 TRUE NORTH    f
                            A2.M
                                              . x
                                                 . >
                                          -. *
                               ---Vv•-••" •
                                              '-
-------
26 HUG 78  23:  0:00
EDIZ HOOK WflSHINGTON
DUNGENESS SPIT  WflSH
                                                   6 KM  [-
200 CM/S [-
  TRUE NORTH     f
                                    A 2.10
-------
27 flUG 78   0: 0:00
EDIZ HOOK WflSHINGTON
QUNGENESS SPIT HflSH
                                                   6 KM [-
200 CM/S [	

  TRUE NORTH
                                   A2.U
-------
27 flUG 78    1:  0:00
EOIZ HOOK WASHINGTON
DUNGENESS SPIT  WflSH
  6 KM [	
200 CM/S  [-
  TRUE NORTH
                                        A2.32
-------
27 HUG 78  2: 0:00
EDIZ HOOK WflSHINGTON
DUNGENESS SPIT WflSH
 6 KM [-
200 Q!/S
                               TRUE NORTH
                      A 2,13
        - *""""   . , S I » '  ^^S"^^' x• ^// >'' \
         - - • -   I.-N "  "" i is///''/rj//s\
          '-:'--' '~j-~iu<'s/sV/''t\s
         - < •     . ^ —*-*- _ L^--^-^/^/^^^-'/ «^.
-------
27 RUG 78   3: 0:00
EDIZ HOOK WflSHJNGTON
DUNGENESS SPIT WflSH
                                                    6 KM I
200 CM/S I	~~
 TRUE  NORTH    |
                                     A 2,14
                                                                                    I
-------
27 RUG 78   "4:  0:00
EDIZ HOOK WASHINGTON
DUNGENESS SPIT  WflSH
  6 KM [-
200 CM/S [

 TRUE  NORTH
                                    A 2.15
-------
27 flUG 78   5: 0:00
EDIZ HOOK WflSHINGTON
OUNGENESS SPIT WRSH
  6 KM [	
200 CM/S  [-
  TRUE NORTH
                                       A 2,16

-------
21 RUG 78   6: 0:00
EOIZ HOOK WflSHINGTON
OUNGENESS SPIT WflSH
  6 KM [	
200 CM/S  [-
  TRUE  NORTH
                                    A 2.17
-------
27 flUG 78   7: 0:00
EDIZ HOOK WRSHINGTON
DUNGENESS SPIT WflSH
  6 KM [	
200 CM/S  [-
   TRUE NORTH
                                     A 2.13
-------
27 RUG 78   8:  0:00
EDIZ HOOK WflSHINGTON
DUNGENESS SPIT  HRSH
  6 KM [-
200 CM-/S [	
   TRUE NORTH
                                     A 2.1i)
-------
27 HUG 78    9:  0:00
EDIZ HOOK WRSHINGTON
OUNGENESS SPIT  WflSH
  6 KM [	
200 CM/S  [-
                                                    TRUE  NORTH
                                     A 2.20
-------
27 flUG 78   10:  0:00
EDIZ HOOK WflSHINGTQN
DUNGENESS SPIT  WRSH
  6 KM [-
200 CM/S [-
                                                    TRUE  NORTH
                                    A 2.21
-------
27 RUG 78  11: 0:00
EDIZ HOOK WflSHINGTON
QUNGENESS SPIT WflSH
                                                   6 KM [-
200 CM/S [	
  TRUE NORTH
                                     A 2.22
-------
27 RUG 78  12: 0:00
EDIZ HOOK WHSHINGTON
DUNGENESS SPIT WflSH
 6 KM [-
200 CM/S [-
                                            TRUE NORTH
                                A 2.23
            ^r-'^SSS
              ^^ X        ^S/'A
-------
27 RUG 78 13: 0:00
EDIZ HOOK WASHINGTON
DUNGENESS SPIT WHSH
                     A 2.24
 6 KM [-
200 CM/S [	
  TRUE NORTH
                      J      ^l"*.^!/
                ^   vv-"/,/^;
         /
        ""*^
-------
27 HUG 78   114:  0:00
EDIZ HOOK WflSHINGTON
DUNGENESS SPIT  WflSH
  6 KM [	
200 CM/S  [-
                                                    TRUE NORTH     f
                                    A 2,25
-------
27 flUG 78   15: 0:00
EDIZ HOOK WflSHINGTGN
QUNGENESS SPIT WflSH
                                                 6 KM  t-
200 CM/S [-
                   -]
    TRUE  NORTH     f
                                     A 2,26
-------
25-RUG-78
25 HUG 78
TID / CO
2005
11:58.16
19:58:16
A.00 KM [	
    0.50  HR
TRUE  NORTH
                                        A 3,00
-------
25-RUG-78  11:58:16
25 flUC "78  19:58: 16
RflW / CO
2005
4.00 KM [
     0.50 Hfl
 TRUE NORTH
                                      A 3.31
-------
25-HUG-78
25 RUG 78
TJO / Cl
1732
13:21:50
17:31:50
4.00 KM [	
     "0.50  HR
 TRUE NORTH    f
                                        A 3,02
-------
25-RUG-78
25 BUG 79
RflW / Cl
1732
13:21:50
17:31:50
4.00 KM [	
     0.50 HR
 TRUE NORTH    f
                                       A 3.03
-------
2S-flUG-78  12:25:30
25 RUG 78  17:55:30
TID / C2
1803
4.00 KM [	

     0.50 HR
 TRUE NORTH
                                      A 3.04
-------
25-flUG-78  12:25:30
25 RUG 78  l'7:55;30
RHW / C2
1803
4.00 KM [	
     0.50 HR
 TRUE NORTH
                                     A 3.05
-------
25-RUG-78  12:27:40
25 HUG 78  20: 7:UO
TID / C3
2012
4.00 KM [-
      0.50  HR
  TRUE  NORTH     f
                                        A 3.06
                                                                              v/--
-------
25-HUG-78
25 RUG 78
BflW / C3
2012
12:27:40
19:57:40
4.00 KM [	
     0.50 HR
 TRUE NORTH
                                         A 3.07
-------
25-RUG-78
25 flUG 78
TID / C4
19314
12:06:58
19:26:58
4.00 KM [	
'  "  IT. 50 HR
  TRUE NORTH
                                   A 3.08
-------
25-FIUG-78
25 RUG 78
RflW / CH
1934
12:06:58
19*26:58
4.00 KM [	
    0.50  HR
TRUE NORTH
                                       A 3.09
-------
25-flUG-78   12:10:35
25 RUG 78   17:50:35
TID / C5
1752
4.00 KM [-
     0.50  HR
      NORTH
                                                                  f
                                A 3,10
-------
25-RUG-78
25 flUG 78
RflM / C5
1752
12:10s3S
17:50:35
4.00 KM [-
                                            0.50 HB
                                        TRUE NORTH    |
                            A 3,11
                                                                      O
-------
25-HUG-78   12:18:15
25 RUG 78   17:2.8: 15
RflM / C6
1734
4.00 KM [-
      OfSTHTr "
  TRUE NORTH    f
                                      A 3,12
                                                                       o
-------
25-RUG-78
25 HUG 78
TID / C6
1734
12: 18: 15
17:28: 15
                                                  4.00 KM
    0.50 HR
TRUE NORTH
                                      A 3,13
-------
25-flUG-78  12:04:10
25 flUG 78  19:44:10
RHW / C7
1953
4.00 KM [	
    0.50 HR
TRUE NORTH
                                         A 3,14
-------
25-FIUG-78
25 flUG 78
TID / C7
1953
19:44:10
4.00 KM [	
     0.50 HR
 TRUE  NORTH
                                      A 3.15
                                                                            o
-------
25-RUG-78  13:48i22
25 flUG 78  20: 8:22
RflW / C8
2008
4.00 KM [	
     0.50  HR
 TRUE  NORTH
                                        A 3.16
-------
25-RUG-78
25 flUG 76
TID / C8
2Q08
13:48:22
20: 8:22
4.00 KM [	
     0.50 HR
 TRUE NORTH
                                       A 3,17
-------
25-HUG-78  12:31:12
25 flUG 78  20:  1:12
TID / C9
2002
                                               4.00 KM [-
    0.50 HR
TRUE NORTH    f
                              A 3,18
-------
25-RUG-78  12:31:12
25 flUG 78  20:  1:12
RRH / C9
2002
A.00 KM [	
     0.50 HR
 TRUE NORTH
                                        A 3.19
-------
25-flUG-78
25 flUG 78
RfiM / X6
1733
07:07:15
17:27:15
4.00 KM [	
     O.SCTHR
 TRUE NORTH    f
                                    A 3,20
                                                                            a
-------
25-RUG-78  07:07:15
25 flUG 76  17:27:15
TID / X6
1733
                                                 4.00 KM [-
    0.50 HR
TRUE NORTH    f
                                       A 3.21
-------
25-flUG-78  07:27:55
25 flUG 78  19:47:55
RflW / X7
1955
                                                 A. 00 KM [-
    0.50 HR
TRUE NORTH    f
                                     A 3.22
-------
25-BUG-78  07:27:55
25 flUG 78  19:47:55
TID / X7
1955
                                                  4.00 KM [-
    0.50 HR
TRUE NORTH
                                          A 3.23
-------
25-HUG-78  07:25:50
25 RUG 76  20:15:50
RflW / X8
2031
4.00 KM [-
      0.50 HR
  TRUE NORTH    f
                                        A 3.24
-------
25-RUG-78
25 BUG 78
TID / X8
2031
07:25:50
20:25:50
4.00 KM [-
                                            0.50 HR
                                        TRUE NORTH    f
                                        A 3.25
-------
25-RUG-78
25 flUG 78
RflW / X9
1831
07:36:00
18:26:00
A. 00 KM [	
      0.50 HR
  TRUE NORTH    f
                                       A 3,26
-------
25-RUG-78
25 HUG 78
TIO / X9
1831
07:36:00
18:26:00
4.00 KM [
      0.50 HR
  TRUE NORTH
                                    A 3,27
                                                                    O
-------
25-flUG-78
25 RUG 78
TID / YO
1830
07:33:40
18:23:140
                                                  A.00 KM [-
    0.50 HR
TRUE NORTH
                                       A 3.23
-------
25-RUG-78
25 HUG 78
flflH / YO
1830
07:33:40
16:23:140
4.00 KM [	
       o.50 HR~
  TRUE NORTH
                                     A 3.29
-------
25-RUG-78  07tyi«00
25 RUG 78  18:21:00
RRH / Tl
1829
4.00 KM [	
     0.50 HR"
 TRUE NORTH    f
                                     A3.3D
                                                                               C
                                                                              c
                                                    o
-------
25-RUG-76  07:41:00
25 HUG 78  18:21:00
TID / Yl
1829
4.00 KM [	
     0.50  HR
 TRUE NORTH    f
                                       A 3.31
                                             o
-------
25-ftUG-78
25 RUG 78
RflW / Y2
1626
08:25:00
16:25:00
4.00 KM [	
     0.50 HR
 TRUE NORTH    f
                                        A 3,32
-------
25-RUG-78
25 RUG 78
TID / T2
1626
08:25:00
16:25:00
4.00 KM [	
     0.50 HR
 TRUE NORTH    f
                                    A 3.33
                                     O
-------
25-RUG-78
25 RUG 78
flflW / Tty
1833
12: 05': 55
18:25:55
4.00 KM [	
    0.50 HR
TRUE NORTH
                      A 3.34
-------
25-flUG-78
25 flUG 78
TID / If4
1833
12:05:55
18:25:55
4.00 KM [	
    0.50 HR
TRUE NORTH
                                     A 3.35
                                                                o
-------
25-HUG-78   12:04:35
25 flUG 78   20:  4:35
RflW / Y5
200>4
4.00 KM [	
      0.50  HR
 TRUE  NORTH     |
                                    A 3.35
                                                             O
-------
25-RUG-78  12:04:35
25 flUG 78  20: 4:35
TID / T5
20QM
4.00 KM [	
   " 0/50 HR
TRUE NORTH
                                    A 3.37
                                                                 O
-------
25-HUG-78  12:02:45
25 flUG 78  20: 2:45
TID / Y6
2003
4.00 KM [	
     0.50 HR
 TRUE NORTH    f
                                     A 3.38
-------
25-RUG-78
25 RUG 76
RflW / TB
2003
12:02:145
20: 2:45
 A.00 KM [	
    0.50 TiR
TRUE NORTH
                                     A 3.39
-------
25-FIUG-78
25 flUG 78
RRW / T7
2001
12:03:35
19:53:35
4.00 KM [	
    0.50 HR
TRUE NORTH    f
                                    A 3.10
-------
25-HUG-78  12:03:35
25 flUG 78  19:53:35
TID / Y7
2001
4.00 KM [	
     0.50  HR
 TRUE  NORTH
                                    A 3.41
-------
25-flUG-78  13:24:00
25 RUG 78  19:44:00
RflW / Y8
1953
4.00 KM [	
      0.50 HR
  TBUE NORTH    f
-------
25-flUG-78  13:24:00
25 RUG 78  19:44:00
TID / Y8
1953
A.OQ KM [

     0.50 HR
 TRUE NORTH
                                      A 3.43
                                                                 O
-------
25-RUG-78
25 BUG 78
TIO / Y9
1743
13:23:05
17:43:05
A.00 KM [	
      0.50  HR
 TRUE NORTH    f
                                       A 3.
-------
25-HUG-78
25 RUG 78
RflW / T9
1743
13:23:05
17:43:05
A.00 KM [	
    0.50 HR
TRUE NORTH
                                    A 3.45
-------
22-RUG-78  21:00:00
POINT WILSON WflSH.
DUNGENESS SPIT WflSH
  2 KM [	
200 CM/S  [-
   TRUE NORTH    f
                                   A 4.00
-------
22 BUG 78  22: 0:00
POINT WILSON WflSH.
DUNGENESS SPIT WRSH
  2 KM [-
200 CM/S
   TRUE NORTH
                                   A 4.01
-------
22 RUG 78  23:  0:00
POINT WILSON WflSH.
DUNGENESS SPIT  WflSH
                                                   2 KM  [-
200 CM/S [-
                                                    TRUE  NORTH
-------
23 RUG 78   0:  0:00
POINT WILSON  WflSH.
DUNGENESS SPIT  WflSH
                                                  2 KM [-
200 CM/S [-
   TRUE  NORTH
                                     A 4.33
                                           \
-------
23 flUG 78    1:  0:00
POINT WILSON HHSH.
DUNGENESS SPIT  WflSH
  2 KM [—
200 CM/S  [-
  TRUE  NORTH
                                    A 4.
-------
23 RUG 78   2: 0:00
POINT WILSON WflSH.
DUNGENESS SPIT WRSH
  2 KM [	
200 CM/S  [-
  TRUE  NORTH
                                     A 4.05
-------
23 RUG 78   3: 0:00
POINT WILSON WflSH.
DUNGENESS SPIT WflSH
                                                    2 KM [-
200 CM/S [-
  TRUE  NORTH    f
-------
23 RUG 78    IJ:  0:00
POINT WILSON  WflSH.
DUNGENESS SPIT  WflSH
  2 KM [-
200 CM/S
                                                    TRUE NORTH
                                      A 4.07
-------
23 RUG 78   5: 0:00
POINT WILSON WflSH.
DUNGENESS SPIT WflSH
  2 KM [	
200 CM/S  [-
  TRUE NORTH
                                     A 4.08
-------
23 flUG 78   6: 0:00
POINT WILSON WflSH.
DUNCENESS SPIT WRSH
                                                   2 KM [-
200 CM/S [-
   TRUE  NORTH
                                    A 4.
-------
23 flUG 78   7:  0:00
POINT WILSON WflSH.
DUNGENES5 SPIT  HRSH
                                                   2 KM [_
200 CM/S [-
  TRUE NORTH
                                     A ^,
-------
23 RUG 78   8:  0:00
POINT WILSON  WflSH.
DUNGENESS SPIT  WflSH
  2 KM [	
200 CM/S  [-
   TRUE NORTH     f
                                    A 4.11
                            \      \      \     \     \
                                \     \      \      \      \
-------
23 RUG 78   9:  0:00
POINT WILSON WflSH.
DUNGENESS SPIT  WflSH
  2 KM [—
200 CM/S  [-
  TRUE NORTH    f
                                     A 4.12
-------
23 RUG 78  10: 0:00
POINT WILSON WRSH.
DUNGENESS SPIT WRSH
  2 KM [	
200 CM/S  [-
  TRUE NORTH
                                    A 4.13
                                 \
-------
23 HUG 78  11: 0:00
POINT WILSON WflSH.
OUNGENESS SPIT WRSH
  2 KM [-
200 CM/S
   TRUE NORTH
                                    A 4,
-------
23 flUG 78   12:  0:00
POINT WILSON WRSH.
DUNGENESS SPIT  WRSH
  2 KM [-
200 CM/S [-
   TRUE NORTH    f
                                      A 4,15
-------
23 RUG 76   13:  0:00
POINT WILSON WflSH.
OUNGENESS SPIT  WflSH
  2 -KM [-
200 CM/S [-
                                                    TRUE NORTH
                                       A 4.16
                         X    \     \
                             \     \    \
                                 \    \     \
-------
23 flUG 78   114: 0:00
POINT WILSON MflSH.
DUNGENES5 SPIT HflSH
  2 KM [	
200 CM/S  [-
   TRUE NORTH
                                       A 4,
                 \
                                       V\N\
                    V
-------
23 flUG 78   15:  0:00
POINT WILSON WflSH.
DUNGENESS SPIT  WflSH
                                                   2 KM [-
200 CM/S [-
   TRUE NORTH    f
                                     A 4,13
-------
23 flUG 78  16: 0:00
POINT WILSON WflSH.
DUNGENESS SPIT WRSH
  2 KM [	
200 CM/S  [-
   TRUE  NORTH
                                \       I
                                           \
                                              V       _^


                                                  X
-------
23 flUC 79   17:  0:00
POINT WILSON WHSH.
DUNGENESS SPIT  WflSH
  2 KM [-
200 CK/S [	

   TRUE NORTH
                                      A 4,20
               \
-------
23 flUG 78   18: 0:00
POINT WILSON WflSH.
DUNGENESS SPIT WflSH
  2 KM [-
200 CM/S
                                                    TRUE  NORTH
                                    A 4.21
-------
23 RUG 78   19; 0:00
POINT WILSON WflSH.
DUNGENESS SPIT WflSH
  2 KM
200 CM/S [	
  TRUE NORTH    f
                                    A 4.22
                          \     \     \
                \      \      \     \     \
                   \     \     \     \     \
                          \     \     \     \
-------
23 RUG 78  20: 0:00
POINT WILSON WflSH.
DUNGENESS SPIT WflSH
                                                   2 KM  [-
200 CM/S [
  TRUE  NORTH
                                     A 4.23
                     \\N\\
-------
23 HUG 78  21: 0:00
POINT WILSON WRSH.
OUNGENESS SPIT WflSH
  2 KM [	
200 CM/S  [-
   TRUE  NORTH     |
                                       A H.
-------
23 RUG 78  22: 0:00
POINT WILSON WflSH.
DUNGENESS SPIT WflSH
  2 KM [-
200 CM/S [-
                                                   TRUE  NORTH
                                      A/l.25
-------
23 RUG 78  23:  0:00
POINT WILSON WflSH.
DUNGENESS SPIT  WflSH
  2 KM [-
200 CM/S [-
  TRUE  NORTH
                                       A 4.26
                \
-------
24 RUG 78   0:  0:00
POINT WILSON WHSH.
DUNGENESS SPIT  WflSH
  2 KM [	
200 CM/S  [-
                                                    TRUE  NORTH
                                 A 4.27
-------
24 RUG 78    1:  0:00
POINT WILSON WHSH.
DUNGENESS SPIT  WflSH
                                                   2 KM [-
200 CM/S [-
                                                    TRUE NORTH
                                      A 4,23
-------
24 flUG 78   2: 0:00
POINT WILSON WRSH.
DUNGENESS SPIT WRSH
                                                   2 KM [-
200 CM/S [	
  TRUE NORTH    f
                                A 4.29
-------
24 RUG 78   3:  0:00
POINT WILSON WflSH.
DUNGENESS SPIT  WflSH
  2 KM [-
200 CM/S [-
   TRUE  NORTH    f
                                       A 4.30
                       \
-------
24 RUG 78   4:  0:00
POINT WILSON WflSH.
DUNGENESS SPIT  WflSH
                                                   2 KM [-
200 CM/S [-
  TRUE NORTH    j
                                  A 4.31
-------
24 RUG 78   5:  0:00
POINT WILSON WflSH.
DUNGENESS SPIT  WflSH
                                                   2 KM [-
200 CM/S [-
                                                    TRUE NORTH
                                      A 4.32
-------
24 flUG 78    6:  0:00
POINT WILSON  WflSH.
OUNGENESS SPIT  WflSH
                                                   2 KM [-
200 CM/S [-
                                                    TRUE NORTH
                                  A 4,33
                            \
-------
24 RUG 78    7:  0:00
POINT WILSON  WflSH.
DUNGENESS SPIT  HflSH
  2 KM [-
200 CM/S [-
                                                    TRUE NORTH
                                     A 1,
-------
24 RUG 78   8:  0:00
POINT WILSON WRSH.
DUNGENE5S SPIT  HRSH
  2 KM [-
200 CM/S [-
                                                    TRUE  NORTH
                                       A 4.
-------
24 RUG 78   9: 0:00
POINT WILSON WflSH.
DUNGENESS SPIT WflSH
                                      A 4,36
                                                   2 KM [-
200 CM/S [	
   TRUE NORTH    f
                               \
-------
24 flUG 78   10:  0:00
POINT WILSON WflSH.
DUNGENESS SPIT  WRSH
                                                    2 KM [-
200 CM/S [	

  TRUE NORTH    |
                                    A 4,37
-------
24 HUG 78   11:  0:00
POINT WILSON WflSH.
DUNGENESS SPIT  WRSH
  2 KM [-
200 CM/S [-
                                                    TRUE  NORTH    f
                                     A 4.38
                               \
                                   \
                                   v
                            \
                               \
                                              \
-------
24 RUG 78  12: 0:00
POINT WILSON HflSH.
DUNGENESS SPIT WflSH
  2 KM [	
200 CM/S  [-
  TRUE NORTH
                                   ftt.39
-------
24 RUG 78   13:  0:00
POINT WILSON WflSH.
DUNCENESS SPIT  WRSH
  2 KM [—
200 CM/S  [-
   TRUE NORTH
                                    A 4.
                   X     ^
                       \
-------
24 HUG 78   m: 0:00
POINT WILSON WflSH.
DUNGENESS SPIT WflSH
                                                   2 KM [-
200 CM/S [-
                                                    TRUE  NORTH
                                        A 4,
-------
24 flUG 78  15: 0:00
POINT WILSON WflSHINGTON
OUNGENESS SPIT WflSH
  2 KM [—
200 CM/S  [-
   TRUE  NORTH
                                     A 4,
                \
-------
2U RUG 78   16:  0:00
POINT WILSON WASHINGTON
OUNGENESS SPIT  HRSH
                                                   2 KM  [-
200 CM/S [-
  TRUE NORTH     f
                                       A 4,
-------
24 RUG 78   17:  0:00
POINT WILSON WflSH.
DUNGENESS SPIT  MflSH
  2 KM [	
200 CM/S  [-
   TRUE NORTH
                                     A 4,
-------
24 RUG 78   18: 0:00
POINT WILSON WRSH.
DUNGENESS SPIT WflSH
  2 KM [-
200 CM/S [	—
  TRUE NORTH    f
                                     A 4.
-------
2>4 RUG 78   19:  0:00
POINT WILSON WRSHINGTON
DUNGENESS SPIT  WRSH
  2 KM [	
200 CM/S  [-
   TRUE  NORTH
                                    A 4.46
-------
24 flUG 78  20: 0:00
POINT WILSON WRSHINGTON
DUNCENESS SPIT WRSH
                                                  2 KM [-
200 CM/S [-
                                                   TRUE NORTH     f
                                      A 4.
-------
24 RUG 78  21: 0:00
POINT WILSON WflSHINGTON
DUNGENESS SPIT WflSH
  2 KM [-
200 CM/S
   TRUE  NOflTH    f
                                        A 4.
                                       \       \      \
-------
24 flUG 78  22:  0:00
POINT WILSON WflSHINGTON
DUNGENESS SPIT  WRSH
                                                   2 KM [-
200 CM/S [-
                                                    TRUE  NORTH
                                     A 4.49
-------
24 flUG 78  23: 0:00
POINT WILSON WASHINGTON
DUNGENESS SPIT WflSH
  2 KM [—
200 CM/S  [-
  TRUE NORTH
                                        A 4.50
                                          /      /      /       \
-------
25 RUG 78   0: 0:00
POINT WILSON WRSHINGTON
DUNGENESS SPIT HRSH
  2 KM [-
200 CM/S [-
                                                    TRUE NORTH
                                      A 4.51
-------
25 HUG 78   1: 0:00
POINT WILSON WRSHINGTON
DUNGENE5S SPIT WflSH
  2 KM [	
200 CM/S  [-
  TRUE NORTH
                                 A 4,52
-------
25 RUG 78   2: 0:00
POINT WILSON WflSHINGTON
DUNGENESS SPIT WHSH
 2 KM [-
200 CM/S [
                                                    TRUE NORTH
                                      A 4.53
-------
25 HUG 78   3: 0:00
POINT WILSON WnSHINGTON
DUNGENESS SPIT WflSH
  2 KM [—
200 CM/S  [-
  TRUE NORTH
-------
25 RUG 78   4: 0:00
POINT HILSQN WflSHINGTON
DUNGENESS SPIT WflSH
                                                  2 KM [-
200 CM/S [-
                                                    TRUE  NORTH
                                    A 4,55
-------
25 flUG 78   5:  0:00
POINT WILSON WflSHINGTON
DUNGENESS SPIT  WflSH
  2 YK I	
200 CM/S  [-
   TRUE NORTH    |
                                   A 4.56
-------
25 HUG 78   6: 0:00
POINT WILSON WflSHINGTON
OUNGENESS SPIT WflSH
                                                  2 KM [-
200 CM/S [-
   TRUE NORTH    f
                                     A 4.57
-------
25 RUG 78   7: 0:00
POINT WILSON WflSHINGTON
DUNGENESS SPIT WflSH
  2 KM [	
200 CM/S  [-
   TRUE NORTH
                                    A 4,58
-------
25 flUG 78   8: 0:00
POINT WILSON WRSHINGTON
DUNGENESS SPIT HflSH
  2 KM [-
200 CM/S [-
                                                    TRUE NORTH    f
                                    A 4.59
-------
25 RUG 78   9: 0:00
POINT WILSON WASHINGTON
DUNGENESS SPIT WflSH
  2 KM [—-
200 CM/S  [-
   TRUE  NORTH    f
                                   A 4.50
                         \      \      \      \
                     \      \     \     \
                         \     V    \
                                   V   X    X    X
                                              \    \    \
                                                 X    X
-------
25 RUG 78  10: 0:00
POINT WILSON WRSHINGTON
DUNGENESS SPIT WflSH
                                                  2 KM [
200 CM/S [	

  TRUE  NORTH
                                      A 4.61
-------
25 HUG 78  11: 0:00
POINT WILSON WflSHINGTON
DUNGENESS SPIT WflSH
  2 KM [	
200 CM/S  [-
  TRUE NORTH    f
                                      A 4,62
-------
25 RUG 78  12: 0:00
POINT WILSON WflSHINGTON
OUNGENESS SPIT WflSH
  2 KM [-
200 CM/S [-
   TRUE NORTH     |
                                   A 4,63
-------
25 flUG 78   13:  0:00
POINT WILSON WflSH.
DUNGENESS SPIT  WflSH
  2 KM [-
200 CM/S [	
  TRUE  NORTH     f
                                     A 4,64
-------
25 flUG 78   H4:  0:00
POINT WILSON WHSH.
DUNGENESS SPIT  WflSH
                                                  2 KM [-
200 CM/S [-
   TRUE  NORTH    f
                                      A 4,65
                            \X\v\
                                \\NNv
-------
25 flUG 78   15: 0:00
POINT WILSON WflSH.
DUNGENESS SPIT WflSH
                                                    2 KM [-
200 CM/S [-
  TRUE NORTH
                                     A 4,66
-------
25 RUG 78   16:  0:00
POINT WILSON  WflSH.
DUNGENESS SPIT  WflSH
  2 KM [-
200 CM/S [-
                                                    TRUE NORTH
                                      A 4.67
                \
                        \
-------
25 RUG 78  17: 0:00
POINT WILSON WflSH.
DUNCENESS SPIT WflSH
  2 KM [—
200 CM/S  [-
   TRUE  NORTH
                                      A 4.68
-------
25 RUG 78   18:  0:00
POINT WILSON  WflSH.
DUNGENESS SPIT  WflSH
  2 KM [-
200 CM/s [-
                                                    TRUE NORTH    f
                                     A 4.69
                            \       X
                                \       \
                                   I
-------
25 RUG 78   19:  0:00
POINT WILSON WflSH.
DUNGENESS SPIT  HflSH
  2 KM
200 CM/S [-
                                                   TRUE NORTH    f
                                      A 4.70
-------
25 RUG 78   20:  0:00
POINT WILSON  WflSH.
DUNGENESS  SPIT  WflSH
  2 KM [	
200 CM/S  [-
    TRUE  NORTH    t
                                     A 4.71
                                                                          GPO 699-287 1980
-------