United States
      Environmental Protection
      Agency
EPA  Environmental Research
      Laboratory — Athens, GA

      1991 Highlights
            Sugarbeets
   Gila Topminnow

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 The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Environmental Research
 Laboratory at Athens, Georgia, conducts and manages basic and applied
 research to predict, assess, and reduce human and environmental expo-
 sures and risks associated with the release of pollutants into freshwater,
 marine, and terrestrial ecosystems and the emission of greenhouse gases to
 the atmosphere.The research focuses on predictive environmental fate and
 exposure and on modeling ecological processes and biospheric system re-
 sponse.

 The first focus identifies and characterizes the natural  biological and
 chemical processes in soils, surface waters, and sediments that affect the
 environmental fate  of toxic substances,  such as solvents, pesticides, or
 metals. The results are applied in state-of-the-art multimedia transport
 models for predicting and assessing exposures and managing environmen-
 tal pollution problems. The second emphasis involves the development of
 ecological risk  assessment techniques to  evaluate pollutant and other
 stressor effects on ecosystems such as the Great Lakes, Chesapeake Bay, and
 large agricultural areas.

 EPA's Center for Exposure Assessment Modeling (CEAM), an interna-
 tionally known center for modeling expertise located at the Athens Lab,
 provides models, training, and support in multimedia exposure evalua-
 tion and ecological risk assessm en t. CEAM assists the Agency and States in
 environmental risk-based decisions concerning the protection  of fresh
 water, marine water, soil, ground water and air.

 Lab-developed fate and. process data and assessment techniques support
 EPA's environmental management regulation and enforcement activi-
 ties. Major research  anas include global climate change, stratospheric
 ozone depletion, ecological risk assessment, sediment quality evaluation,
 computational chemistry, identification of complex organic pollutants,
 nonpoint source pollution management, Environmental Monitoring and
Assessment Program  (agroecosystems), multimedia nitrogen  impacts,
 bioremediation, chemical remediation, and wellhead protection.

Rosemarie C. Russo, Ph. D., Director

Robert C. Ryans, Technical Information Manager
              Environmental Research Laboratory
            U. S. Environmental Protection Agency
                   960 College Station Road
                   Athens, GA 30613-0801

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 Research  Highlights
ERL-Athens' Multispectral
Identification Program
Captures Attention of
Science Press:

Staff writers for Analytical Chemistry,
Environmental Science and Technology,
and Environment Today highlight the
multispectral identification research pro-
gram at ERL-Athens to identify un-
listed pollutants (or non-target analytes)
in samples from the ambient environ-
ment. In articles entitled "Multispectral
Methods of Analysis and Risk Commu-
nication" (Analytical Chemistry), "In
Search of Something: The 1991 Jekyll
Island Meeting" (Environmental Sci-
ence and Technology), and "New Method
for Marking Unknown Compounds"
(Environment Today), journal staffwrit-
ers address efforts to identify non-tar-
get  analytes reliably in industrial and
municipal wastewaters and samples from
Superfund sites. ERL-Athens chemists
estimate that conventional identifica-
tions of compounds other than target
analytes, which are made by computer
matching  of low resolution electron
impact mass spectra, are correct for only
about 25% of the chemicals "identi-
fied". By elucidating structures on the
basis of additional spectral information,
the  Lab's  multispectral identification
team can identify, with >99% reliability,
compounds that are not even among
the ten-million chemicals in the Chemi-
cal Abstracts Services Registry. Spectra
from high and low resolution chemical
ionization mass spectrometry, and Fou-
rier transform infrared spectroscopy are
analyzed by the team in an iterative
mode  to define   an  unknown
compound's structure. This capability,
unique to the Athens Laboratory, opens
the door for considering much more
comprehensive risk assessments than
can be made by addressing only the few
hundred priority pollutants and target
analytes. Target analytes typically repre-
sent less than 2% of the potentially
hazardous chemicals in wastewaters and
solid wastes.

Lead  Speciation, Transport
and Bioavailability:

EPA's Office of Research and Develop-
ment (under the leadership of the Envi-
ronmental  Criteria and Assessment
Office) is developing methods to assess
human exposure to lead via incidental
ingestion of contaminated soils  and
water. This assessment must take trans-
port and transformation processes into
consideration, including the process of
lead partitioning between solid (soil)
and aqueous phases. The chemical spe-
cies (form) of lead is significant in terms
of its transport and bioavailability, so
efforts are underway at the ERL-Athens
to predict the occurrence of the various
lead species under a variety of environ-
mental  and human body conditions.
For example, laser spectroscopy is being
used to investigate the  speciation of
lead in  blood and to determine the
resultant distribution of lead  between
the two systems. The determination of
the speciation of lead in the body and in
the environment (e.g., in soil) is tedious
and difficult; a complete determination
is impossible at this time. A  study at
ERL-Athens statistically examined the
experimentally observed aqueous parti-
DBA PE provides
on-line soils and
meteorologic
data for use with
predictive
pesticide
transport models
...the Lab's
multispectral
identification
team can identify
compounds that
are not even
among  the ten-
million
chemicals
in the Chemical
Abstracts
Services
Registry

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Pesticides under
    study include
           atrazine,
     alachlor, and
        carbofuran
    PIRANHA is a
   product of the
 Ecological Risk
      Assessment
          Research
           Program
             ...laser
    spectroscopy
is  being used to
  investigate the
    sped at ion of
    lead in blood
 tioning behavior of lead in 12 aquifer
 material and sediment samples as a func-
 tion of pH within the context of 14
 sediment chemical/physical properties.
 A preliminary analysis identifies signifi-
 cant correlations between lead parti-
 tioning behavior (i.e., increase in the
 soil/water lead ratio) and the amounts
 of sedimentary extractable manganese
 and particulate organic carbon. The
 findings from this work, somewhat sur-
 prising within the context of conven-
 tional geochemistry, will provide direc-
 tion to future geochemical-speciation-
 based approaches toward assessing lead
 mobility in soil systems.

 New Fate Constants
 Database:
 A major step has been  taken toward
 elimination of one of the Agency's big-
 gest impediments to comprehensive and
 quantitative prediction of human health
 and ecological risks posed by manmade
 chemicals in the environment. A data-
 base developed at ERL-Athens is now
 online on the laboratory's VAX com-
 puter. FATE is the only database of
 kinetics and equilibrium constants nec-
 essary for predicting the fate of chemi-
 cals in the environment in which-data
 have been screened for reliability. Sci-
 entists using other databases have voiced
 major concern about the questionable
 reliability of published fate constants.
 These concerns arise because quality
 assurance measures for other databases
 do not ensure that the data were taken
 directly from original sources, nor do
 they incorporate any review to exclude
 data that were generated under ques-
 tionableconditions. FATE resolves both
 of these problems.

The database meets a key Agency need
 because the lack of reliable fate con-
stants is one of the largest contributor
to uncertainty in predicting the risk
posed by environmental exposure  to
manmade chemicals. FATE will assist
EPA in its reviews of approximately
4000 chemicals each year for their po-
 tential environmental impact and will
 contribute to the Office of Solid Waste
 and Emergency Response and the Of-
 fice of Water in chemical risk assess-
 ments.

 FATE accommodates data for 12 pa-
 rameters, and relevant information is
 also provided to help the user assess the
 applicability of data for his/her particu-
 lar purpose. Other features include ex-
 trapolation of hydrolysis rates, often
 measured at elevated temperatures and
 extreme pH levels, to 25°C and pH 7.
 Because of the lack of literature data,
 the questionable reliability of the data,
 and the prohibitive cost of laboratory
 measurement, most  new data will be
 computed by SPARC, a highly versatile
 and reliable computation system under
 development atERL-Athens. TheFATE
 database is expected to grow rapidly as
 SPARC becomes operational for more
 parameters and broader classes ofchemi-
 cals.


 Predicting Chemical
 Reactivity by Computer:
 The SPARC computer system for pre-
 dicting reactivity parameters of chemi-
 cals strictly from molecular structure is
 described in an article in the November
 issue of Environmental Toxicology  and
 Chemistry. SPARC uses computational
 algorithms based on fundamental
 chemical structure theory to estimate a
variety of reactivity parameters (equilib-
 rium/rate constants, UV-visible absorp-
 tion  spectra,  octanol/water partition
coefficients, etc.) for a broad range of
 organic compounds. These data  are
vital for EPA's regulatory activities  and
can be obtained at a much lower cost
 using SPARC than by other methods.

Abiotic Reduction
 Research As  Basis for New
Chemical  Remediation of
Contaminated Soils:
Research by Dr. N. Lee Wolfe at ERL-
Athens leads  to an improved under-

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standing of the mechanisms of reduc-
tion of a variety of organic pollutants
and the environmental conditions un-
der which  such processes occur.
Nitroaromatics, azo compounds, and
some halogenated aliphatic  hydrocar-
bons, for example, are readily reduced
to other compounds, which often are
less hazardous. Munitions wastes are
rich in nitroaromatic organics; reduc-
tion of these compounds readily pro-
duces aniline derivatives, which can sub-
sequently be aerobically degraded  to
innocuous products. This could be the
basis  for simple  and effective in-situ
chemical remediation technology for
the many munitions waste sites in the
United States.

Pesticide Transport to
Ground Water:

Pesticide residues have been detected in
ground water resources in recent years.
These findings have fueled new research
to better define the extent of the prob-
lem, identify key sources and transport
pathways, and develop new manage-
ment alternatives to reduce future deg-
radation of ground water resources.
Several research efforts are underway at
the Environmental Research Labora-
tory-Athens to address these problems
from the standpoint of developing pre-
dictive methodologies for performing
exposure/risk assessments,  establish-
ing wellhead set-back criteria, and de-
veloping information systems for States'
use in evaluating management alterna-
tives. Among the 1991  accomplish-
ments were the development of a na-
tional database and retrieval system
(DBAPE) that provides on-line  soils
and meteorologic data for use  with
predictive pesticide transport models. A
direct-coupled version of DBAPE and
the Pesticide RootZoneModel (PRZM)
was produced in  the form of the new
PRZM Input Collator code (PIC). The
DBAPE database also was incorporated
into comprehensive assessment model-
ing methodologies for estimating well-
head setbacks and establishing informa-
tion systems for States' use in develop-
ing pesticide management plans. Criti-
cal pesticide transport constructs used
in the transport codes are being evalu-
ated under field conditions at a test site
in south Georgia.

PIRANHA Adds
Components:

Version two of PIRANHA, the 1'esu-
cide andlndustrial Chemical Risk Analy-
sis and Hazard Assessment Program, is
now available. PIRANHA, now in  its
second year of development in a project
coordinated by the ERL-Athens, is a
computer-based software system  for
applying the ecotoxicological and envi-
ronmental sciences to ecological risk
assessment. Version two includes imple-
mentation of Department of Agricul-
ture statistics for Major Land Resource
Areas, completion of the ichthyofaunal
database,  major improvements in the
Toxicologjcal Inference Program and
the PRZM Input Collator program,
and a full menu-driven implementation
of the model in the VAX CLUSTER
environment at the EPA National Com-
puter Center. The final version, planned
for delivery in 1995, will  encompass
analytical capabilities ranging from the
estimation of chemical properties from
molecular structure through evaluation
of risks attending chemical releases to
whole ecosystems. PIRANHA is a prod-
uct of the ORD Ecological Risk Assess-
ment Research Program,  which was
establishedin 1985. Environmental con-
tamination by synthetic chemicals is a
concern of the Office of Pollution Pre-
vention, Pesticides  and Toxic Sub-
stances, the Office of Water, the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Re-
sponse, and the ten Regional Offices.
Five OEPER Environmental Research
Laboratories (ERLs) conduct research
under the EcoRisk program: ERL-Ath-
ens (matrix manager), ERL-Corvallis,
ERL-Duluth, ERL-Gulf Breeze, and
ERL-Narragansett.
...chemists
optimized
sample
ionization,  while
minimizing
interference
from
matrix ions...
FGETS is a
FORTRAN
simulation
model
designed to
predict the
bioaccumulation
of non-
metabolized
organic
chemicals in
fish exploiting
multiple prey
items

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   FATE will assist
           EPA in its
          reviews of
     approxima tely
   4OOO chemicals
       each year  for
     their potential
     environmental
               impact
      A new model
            has been
     developed for
     analyzing the
       discharge of
      conventional
           and toxic
pollutants from a
           multiport
             diffuser
   into the mixing
    zone of a river
              or lake
 Pesticide Leaching
 Database:
 A major joint research project among
 EPA, the Department of Agriculture,
 the Geological Survey, and the Univer-
 sity of Georgia at a field site in Plains,
 GA, is producing much-needed data on
 the leaching of pesticides through the
 soil environment. Pesticides understudy
 include atrazine,  alachlor,   and
 carbofuran- -all of which are widely used
 throughout the United States. The com-
 prehensive database is vital to efforts to
 validate the pesticide leaching models
 that are frequently used in the regula-
 tory decision process.  Validation of
 models under actual field conditions is
 cited by the Science Advisory B oard and
 the General Accounting Office as an
 important Agency need. The database
 has already been applied in a test of
 EPA's RUSTIC model.

 A Step Closer to Predicting
 Fate and Transport of
 Textile Dyes:
 Improved methods for the character-
 ization of ten monosulfonated  and
 disulfonated azo dyes resulted from a
 systematic study using liquid secondary
 ion mass spectrometry (LSIMS). ERL-
 Athens chemists optimized sample ion-
 ization, while minimizing interference
 from matrix ions, by studying effects of
 matrix, primary beam energy, concen-
 tration, and mode of operation on the
 spectra obtained. Approximately 15%
 of the 250 million pounds  of textile
 dyes used each year in the United States
 is discharged in the effluents of textile
 mills.  In implementing the National
 Pollutant Discharge Elimination Sys-
 tem, permit writers will eventually have
 to deal with textile dyes in surface wa-
 ters, which can result in significant aes-
 thetic  deterioration and have  caused
cancer in laboratory test animals. Com-
prehensive ecological risk assessments
require consideration of the textile dyes
 in linking effects of aquatic habitat de-
 terioration to causes. The improved
 characterization  methods will lead to
 the identification of the dyes and their
 transformation products in order to
 predict their transport and transforma-
 tion in receiving waters.

 Model Predicts
 Bioaccumulation of
 Chemicals in Fish:
 FGETS (Food and Gill Exchange of
 Toxic Substances) is a FORTRAN simu-
 lation model designed to predict the
 bioaccumulation of nonmetabolized,
 organic chemicals  in  fish exploiting
 multiple prey items. The model can be
 used by  EPA to  analyze chemical
 bioaccumulation in fish species of inter-
 est that are exposed to constant or time-
 varying water concentrations and feed
 on other  fish  species, plankton/drift
 organisms, and/or benthos that also
 have bioaccumulated the chemicals of
 concern. In general, the relative contri-
 butions of these food items are assumed
 to be age dependent. The model is
 supported by its own physiological and
 morphological database that provides
 model  parameters  for important
 Centrarchids  (Lepomis, Micropterus,
 Pomoris),  Clupeids  (Alosa  and
 Dorosoma),  Percids  (Perca  and
 Stizostedion), Salmonids (Oncorhynchus,
 Salmo, and Salvelinus), and  other se-
 lected genera including Catostomus,
 Cyprinus, Esox, and Ictalurus. This work
 demonstrates the relative contributions
 of food chain and direct aqueous expo-
 sures are dependent on the particular
 exposure  scenario being considered.
This work also shows that the
 bioaccumulation  of extremely  hydro-
phobic chemicals such as the  chlori-
nated dioxins can be predicted assum-
ing that fish insert chemical from con-
taminated prey and water that is as-
sumed to be in equilibrium with con-
taminated sediments.

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CORMIX2 for Mixing Zone
Analysis:
A new model analyzes the discharge of
conventional and toxic pollutants from
a multiport diffuser into the mixing
zoneofariverorlake. Called CORMIX2,
the model collects the relevant data for
the discharge situation, computes the
physical parameters, and classifies the
discharge into one of many possible
hydrodynamic configurations. The
model then executes the corresponding
hydrodynamic simulation for the flow,
interprets the results of the simulation
relative to legal requirements including
toxic discharge criteria, and suggests
possible design alternatives and improve-
ments concerning the mixing charac-
teristics.
Greenhouse Gases and
Agriculture:
Agricultural inputs, outputs and wastes
that alter atmospheric concentrations
of carbon dioxide, methane, and ni-
trous oxide have been identified. Agri-
culture ranks third (behind fossil fuel
use and  chlorofluorocarbon release)
among die human activities that can
alter the sun-earth energy balance re-
sulting in the potential for climate
change. Understanding the net effects
of agriculture as a source or  sink of
greenhouse gases, then, is an important
component of EPA's research to under-
stand and control global climate change.
Agriculture
ranks
third among
the human
activities that
can alter the
sun-earth
energy balance
Staff  Honors and Awards
Karickhoff Receives
SETAC's Highest Award:
The Society of Environmental Toxicol-
ogy and Chemistry presented its 1991
Founder's Award to Dr. Sam Karickhoff.
The society's highest award is presented
annually to "a person with an outstand-
ing career who has made clearly identi-
fiable contributions in the environmen-
tal sciences consistent with the goals of
SETAC." Previous recipients are Dr.
Joshua Lederberg, Dr. John Caims, Jr.,
Dr. Eugene P. Odum, Dr. Ruth Patrick,
Dr. Robert L. Metcalf, Dr. Eugene
Kenega, Mr. William D. Ruckelshaus,
Dr. Donald I. Mount,  Dr.  Fumio
Matsumura, and Dr. John Sprague.
Dr. Karickhoff is an internationally rec-
ognized expert on the sorption of hy-
drophobic pollutants to sediments. He
is the author of numerous articles on
chemical sorption and other natural
processes affecting pollutant fate in the
environment. The Institute for Scien-
tific Information has identified his
"Sorption of Hydrophobic Pollutants
on Natural Sediments" as a "Citation
Classic," one  of the  most frequently
cited works in its field.  He received
Scientific and Technical Achievement
Awards from EPA's Office of Research
and Development in 1982, 1985, and
1986.

Dr. Karickhoffs current research offers
promise of immense dividends to the

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          SPARC /s
applicable to the
        universe of
         chemicals
          providing
     accurate data
required by both
            EPA and
            industry
                   for
   environmental
          exposure
  assessments at
    costs  that are
much lower than
            those of
     conventional
 data generation
       techniques
 Agency. He is leading a research team to
 develop a technique forpredictingphysi-
 cal and chemical reactivity parameters
 for modeling the fate of pollutants. The
 computer-operated system, called
 SPARC, is applicable to the universe of
 chemicals providing accurate data re-
 quired by both EPA and industry for
 environmental exposure assessments at
 costs that are much lower than those of
 conventional data generation tech-
 niques.

 McCutcheon Named EPA
 Engineer of the Year:

 Dr. Steve McCutcheon was selected as
 the Agency's Engineer of the Year for
 1991. Along with similarly designated
 engineers from 35 other federal agen-
 cies, he will be honored by the National
 Society of Professional Engineers at an
 awards ceremony in February 1992.
 The  "Federal Engineer of the Year," as
 selected by the NSPE from the 35
 nominees, will be announced at the
 awards ceremony. NSPE's Engineer of
 the Year program, now in its thirteenth
 year, recognizes the contributions of
 engineers employed in the Federal gov-
 ernment.

 Ambrose Garners Bronze
 Medal:

 Mr. Robert Ambrose, Manager of the
 Center for Exposure Assessment Mod-
 eling, has been awarded an EPABronze
 Medal. The award cites his "exceptional
 leadership in the development, distri-
 bution, and support of a system of
 predictive exposure and risk assessment
 tools and (his) creative management of
 the (CEAM)." He was EPA's Engineer
 of the Year in 1990 and has received-
 Bronze Medals for Commendable Ser-
 vice in 1986 and 1991.

 Mulkey Awarded Bronze
 Medal:

 Mr. Lee Mulkey and 12 other members
 of EPA's Toxicity Characteristics Team
were  awarded the Agency's Bronze
 Medal. The citation reads "For exem-
 plary service resulting in the promulga-
 tion of the Toxicity Characteristic, a
 rule which will help ensure-proper man-
 agement of significant quantities of
 hazardous waste on a national basis and
 result in substantial reduction of risk to
 human health and the environment."
 EPA calls it the most significant hazard-
 ous waste identification rule to be pro-
 mulgated in the last  8 years.

 Garrison, Swank Get
 Bronze Medal:

 Dr. Wayne Garrison and Dr. Robert
 Swank along with six other members of
 the  Office  of  Research   and
 Development's MMT Risk Evaluation
 Team, were awarded the  Agency's
 Bronze Medal for thier risk evaluation
 of a petition by industry to include
 methylcyclopentadienyl manganese
 tricarbonyl, an antiknock compound,
 in unleaded gasoline.

 Stancil Awarded Bronze
 Medal:

 Mr. Frank Stancil and six other mem-
 bers of EPA's sediment quality criteria
 planning committee  were awarded an
 EPA Bronze Medal for their develop-
 ment of the Agency's.first five sediment
 quality criteria standards. Mr. Stancil
 provided octanol/vvater partition coef-
 ficients for the five chemicals.

 Wolfe Garners  STAA
 Award:

 The Scientific and Technological
 Achievement Award Committee pre-
 sented a Level 3 Award for 1990  to Dr.
 Lee Wolfe forajourrial article, "Charac-
 terization of the Reducing Properties of
 Anaerobic Sediment Slurries Using
 Redox  Indicators," which appeared in
.Environmental Toxicology and Chemis-
 try. Award winners are selected by EPA's
 Science Advisory Board from nomina-
 tions provided by all of the Agency's
 laboratories and offices.

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 Bailey Elected SSA
 Chairman:

 Dr. George Bailey was elected chairman
 for 1992-1993 of the Division of Soil
 Chemistry of the Soil Society of America.
 The election was the result of voting by
 the national membership of the Soil
 Science and Crop Societies of the Ameri-
 can Society of Agronomy. This is his
 second election to a national chairman-
 ship by the ASA. He served as chairman
 of the Division of Environmental Qual-
 ity in 1976-1977.

 Wolfe Named to
 International Commission:

 Dr. Lee Wolfe was appointed as Titular
 Member of the International Union of
 Pure and Applied Chemistry. Among
 his first duties will be participation in
 the 36th IUPAC General Assembly in
 Hamburg, Germany, in May 1992.

 Region 9 Thanks Lab for
 Spill Work:

 Dr. Steve McCutcheon, Dr. Larry Burns,
 Dr. Eric Weber, Mr. Bob Ambrose, and
others at the Lab were cited for their
contribution to EPA Region 9 and the
State of California in addressing the
July 1991 spill of the herbicide metam
sodium into the Sacramento River. A
letter by Mr. John Wise, Deputy Re-
gional Administrator, to Mr. Erich
Bretthauer, AA/ORD, expressed "Re-
gion 9's sincere appreciation  for the
expertise and teamwork provided by
ORD's laboratories." He added that
the ORD laboratories  demonstrated
the utmost professionalism in working
hand-in-hand with Regional and State
agency employees who needed to give
guidance to the ongoing response. The
letter of appreciation cited the Lab's
"effort. . .on modeling expected con-
centrations of the herbicide when the
spill reached Lake Shasta and its effects
on aquatic organisms in the lake; and
possible human exposures... and to pro-
vide chemical degradation pathways and
toxicity information to the Region 9
Water Management Division and to the
State of California Governor's Office."
ORD laboratories
demonstrated
the
utmost
professionalism
In  working hand-
in-hand with
Regional and
State agency
employees
 New Staff  and  Activities
 Steen Heads Biology
 Branch:

Dr. William C. Steen was named Chief
of the Lab's Biology Branch in August.
The announcement was made by Dr.
Rosemarie Russo, Lab Director. Dr.
Steen, who completed 20 years of Fed-
eral service in July (all here at the Athens
Lab), manages a branch composed of
27 Federal employees supported by con-
tractor personnel, with a budget of
more than  $2  million (internal and
extramural). He has served as acting
chief of both the Measurements and
Biology Branches and is the US-side
chairman of a project under the USA-
USSR Agreement on Cooperation in
the Field of Environmental Protection
with association in two others. He was
awarded EPA's Bronze Medal (group)
in 1973 and has received two 2% Inno-
vative Research Program rundingawards
from ORD for special research projects.
For the past 3 years, he has served as an
Adjunct Professor at the University of
Georgia.

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  An ERL-Athens
        nature trait
      project at an
        elementary
       school was
  selected as  the
   best Partners-
     in-Education
         Project in
        1991  in  the
   Clarke County
      (GA) School
             District
     Four foreign
scientists began
  research visits
   to ERL-Athens
             in 1991
Weber Receives Innovative
Research Funding:
Dr. Eric Weber is one of four OEPER
scientists whose innovative research
proposals were selected for funding in
the FY92 competition. Eric will receive
a budget of $50K for a study of the
covalent binding of aromatic amines to
humic substances, soils and sediments
by WN NMR.


Garrison Reappointed to
Clemson Post:
Dr. Wayne Garrison has accepted reap-
pointment to the position of Adjunct
Professor of Environmental Systems
Engineering at Clemson University. The
appointment is effective for the 1991-
1992 academic year.

New Research Geochemist:
Dr. Roger A. Burke, Jr., Research Geo-
chemist, has joined the  Chemistry
Branch staff. Dr. Burke, who holds a
Ph.D. in Marine Science from the Uni-
versity of South Florida, came to the
Lab from Texas A&M University; he is
involved in global change research con-
cerning stable isotope ratios and flux-
emissions of methane from natural wet-
lands.


New Microbial Ecologist:
Dr. Rochelle Araujo, Microbial Ecolo-
gist, joined the Biology Branch staff.
Dr. Araujo, who has a Ph.D. in Toxicol-
ogy from Cornell University, conducts
research on the microbial processes that
affect chemicals in wetlands and other
natural environments.


New Chemist:
Mr. Andrew Paeng,  Chemist,  joined
the Assessment Branch staff. Mr. Paeng,
who holds a B.S. in  Chemistry from
California State University, Bakersfield,
performs field studies of chemical move-
ment in soil.
New Research Biologist:
Dr. W. Jack Jones, who holds a Ph.D. in
Microbiology from Clemson Univer-
sity, joined the Biology Branch staff.
Dr. Jones, who was an associate profes-
sor in Georgia Institute ofTechnology's
School of Biology, conducts research in
bioremediation, global climate change,
and other areas.


International Scientists on
Long-Term Visits:
Four foreign scientists began research
visits to ERL-Athens in 1991. Ms. Ma-
rina YereschukovaoftheHydrochemical
Institute of the Russian State  Commit-
tee on Hydrometeorology and Envi-
ronmental Protection, began a 9-month
study on water quality modeling. Dr.
Willie Peijnenburg of the National In-
stitute of Public Health, The Nether-
lands, completed a 3-month collabora-
tive research project on redox reaction
processes. Mr. Hans Bouwers, a  gradu-
ate student at Wageningen Agricultural
University, The Netherlands, completed
a 4-month cooperative project  on re-
dox reactions of the iron couple with
smectite surfaces. Dr. Gokhan Cayci of
the University of Ankara, Turkey, be-
gan a 6-month cooperative project on
pesticide transport and modeling.


Russo Heads  Board:
Dr. Rosemarie Russo was reelected as
Chairperson of die Agency's Perfor-
mance Review Board for its Senior Ex-
ecutive Service.


Lab Recognized for
Education Program:
An ERL-Athens nature trail project at
an elementary school was selected as the
best Partners-in-Education project in
1991 in the Clarke County (GA) School
District. The nature trail was one of the
projects instituted when  the Lab
adopted  the  4th  Street Elementary
School in a  Partners-in-Education
Project. Lab staff led trail-clearing ef-

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forts on weekends and participated with
teachers to develop the trail as a learning
tool with curricula and an education
booklet to assure that pupils gain maxi-
mum education benefit. The Lab staff
also conducted an after-school-hours
science program  and  participated in
other school programs.

McDaniel Named Science
Education Manager:
Ms. Kate McDaniel became the Lab's
first Science Education Program Man-
ager in 1991. The appointment re-
flected the Agency's commitment to
the National Environmental Education
Act of 1990. In August, the Lab joined
with the local chapter of the American
Chemical Society to present an envi-
ronmental science workshop for high
school teachers from five area school
systems. Emphasis was on environmen-
tal chemistry coordinated to help teach-
ers teach science, mathematics, and tech-
nology.
Technology  Transfer
Modeling, Training, and
On-Site Assistance:
The Center for Exposure Assessment
Modeling, EPA's internationally known
center of modeling expertise, contin-
ued its technology transfer and techni-
cal assistance activities in 1991. More
than  150 model  users from govern-
ment, industry and academia attended
5 training courses on the QUAL2EU,
MINTEQA2, and WASP4 models. In
response to requests from the user com-
munity, the Center distributed 3379
sets of code for the 22 models it sup-
ports. Users also took advantage of the
electronic bulletin board to obtain ex-
pert help in  resolving problems en-
countered in model application. A total
of 3880 bulletin board calls were pro-
cessed. During the year, 872 new users
were  added to the CEAM  database,
bringing the total to 3959 active mod-
elers. CEAM staff continued direct as-
sistance to environmental-problem sites
throughout the United States. Staff
provided assistance at 68 Water Pro-
gram sites, 35 Superfund Program sites,
and 9 Resource Conservation and Re-
covery sites in all 10 EPA Regions.

Symposium on
Environmental Analytical
Chemistry:
Eighteen invited papers by scientists in
government, industry, and university
laboratories were presented at the 21st
International Symposium on Environ-
mental Analytical  Chemistry held on
May 20-22 at Jekyll Island, GA. Plenary
lectures were presented by Dr. Vincent
Covello, Center for Risk Communica-
tion, Columbia University; Mr. John
Slavick, Chemical Manufacturers Asso-
ciation; and Ms. Ann Cardinal, SRA
Technologies, Inc. The symposium also
included 31 poster presentations. Ap-
proximately 150 scientists  from the
United States and several foreign coun-
tries attended the  symposium, which
was co-sponsored by EPA.

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 Workshop on Metal
 Speciation and Soil
 Contamination:
 Experts from several scientific disci-
 plines participated in a Workshop on
 Metal Speciation and Contamination of
 Soil on May 22-24, 1991, at Jekyll
 Island, GA. Organized by EPA (ERL-
 Athens), the American Chemical Soci-
 ety, and the University of Delaware, the
 workshop sought to define the state of
 knowledge concerning metal chemistry
 in soil system.  The 150 participants
 included experts in analytical and aquatic
 chemistry; chemical, civil, environmen-
 tal, and mining engineering;  hydrol-
 ogy; and soil science.

 ERL-Athens Scientists at
 Pittsburgh Conference:
 Three scientists from ERL-Athens made
 major presentations at the 42nd Pitts-
 burgh Conference and Exposition on
 Analytical Chemistry and Applied Spec -
troscopy on March 4-6. Dr. David
Brown discussed the use of equilibrium
models in assessing potential environ-
mental problems.  Dr. Leo Azarraga
reported on metal binding to humic
substances as revealed by lanthanide ion
probe fluorescence spectrometry. Dr.
Lee Wolfe discussed investigations of
the redox capacity of anoxic reducing
sediments.

International Symposium
on Climate Change

More than  30 scientists  from the
People's Republic of China, the United
States, The  Philippines,  and  Canada
participated in the International Sym-
posium on Climate-Biosphere  Interac-
tions: Biogenic Emissions and Environ-
mental Effects of Climate Change in
Beijing in May. The seminar featured
presentations by several internationally
recognized experts on climatology, bio-
genie emissions, and the environmental
effects of climate change.
        Publications  in  1991
Allison, J.D.,D.S.BrownandKJ.Novo-Gradac. 1991. MINTEQA2/PRODEFA2,
      AGeochemicalAssessmentModelforEnvironmentalSystems: Version3.0
      User's Manual. U.S.  Environmental Protection Agency, Athens  GA.
      Publication No. EPA/600/3-91/021.

Anon. 1991. Biological Remediation of Contaminated Sediments, with Special
      Emphasis on the Great Lakes: A Workshop Report. C.T. Jafvert and J.E.
      Rogers (Eds.). U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, GA Pub-
      lication No. EPA/600/9-91/001.

Armstrong, A.Q., R.E. Hodson, H-M. Hwang and D.L. Lewis. 1991. Environ-
      mental Factors Affecting Toluene Degradation in Ground Water  at a
      Hazardous Waste Site. Environmental  Toxicology and  Chemistry.
      10(2):147-158.

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Asmussen, L.E. and C.N. Smith. 1991. Study Design to Investigate and Simulate
      Agrochemical Movement andFate in Groundwater Recharge. In: Ground-
      water Residue Sampling Design. R.G. Nash and A.R. Leslie. (Eds.).
      Washington DC., American Chemical Society, p. 150-164.

Banerjee, S. and G.L. Baughman. 1991. Bioconcentration Factors and Lipid
      Solubility. Environmental Science and Technology. 25(3):536-539.

Barber, M.C., L.A. Suarez and R.R. Lassiter. 1991. Modelling Bioaccumulation of
      Organic Pollutants in Fish with an Application to PCBs in Lake Ontario
      Salmonids. Canadian Journal of Fisheries andAquatic Science. 48(2):318-
      337.

Baughman,  G.L. and E.J. Weber. 1991. Estimation of Water Solubility and
      Octanol/Water Partition Coefficient of Hydrophobic Dyes. Part I. Rela-
      tionship between Solubility and Partition Coefficient. Dyes and Pigments.
      16(4):261-271.

Bertino,DJ. andKG. Zepp. 1991. Effects of Solar Radiation on Manganese Oxide
      Reactions with Selected Organic Compounds. Environmental Science and
      Technology 25(7):1267-1273.

Bird, S.L, J.M. Cheplick and D.S. Brown. 1991. Preliminary Testing Evaluation
      and Sensitivity Analysis for the Terrestrial Ecosystem Exposure Assessment
      Model (TEEAM). U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, GA.
      Publication No. EPA/600/3-91/019.

Brown,  K.P.,  E.Z. Hosseinipour, J.L. Martin and R.B. Ambrosejr.. 1991.
      Application ofa Water Quality Assessment Modeling System ataSuperfund
      Site. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Athens GA. Publication No.
      EPA/600/3-91/046.

Bryant, F.O., D D. Hale and J.E. Rogers. 1991.  Regiospecific Dechlorination of
      Pentachlorophenol-Adapted Microorganisms in Freshwater, Anaerobic
      Sediment Slurries. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 57(8 ):2293-
      2301.

Collette,T.W.,R.F. Christman, J.M. McGuire and C.D. Trusty. 199LMultispec-
      tral Identification of Potentially Hazardous Byproducts of Ozonation and
      Chlorination:  Part 1, Studies of Chromatographic and Spectroscopic
      Properties of MX. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, GA.
      Publication No. EPA/600/4-91/004.

Donigian, A.S. and W.C. Huber. 1991. Modeling of Nonpoint Source Water
      Quality in Urban and Non-urban Areas. U.S. Environmental Protection
      Agency, Athens GA. Publication No. EPA/600/3-91/039.

Ellington, J.J., C.T. Jafvert, H.P. Kollig, E.J.  Weber  and NX Wolfe. 1991.
      Chemical-Specific Parameters for Toxicity Characteristic Contaminants.
      U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Athens GA.  Publication No.
      EPA/600/3-91/004.

Grimm, D.M., L.V. Azarraga, L.A. Carreira  and W. Susetyo. 1991. Continuous
      Multiligand Distribution Model Used to Predict the Stability Constant of
      Cu(II) Metal Complexation  with Humic  Material from Fluorescence
      Quenching Data. Environmental Science and Technology. 25(8):1427-
       1431.

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 Hale, D.D., J.E. Rogers and J. Wiegel. 1991a.  Reductive Dechlorination of
       Dichlorophenols in Anaerobic Pond Sediment. In: Organic Substances and
       Sediments in Water. R.A. Baker. (Ed.). Chelsea,MI, Lewis Publishers., p.
       211-222.

 Hale, D.D., J.E. Rogers and J. Wiegel. 1991b. Environmental Factors Correlated
       to Dichlorophenol Dechlorination in Anoxic Freshwater Sediments. Envi-
       ronmental Toxicology and Chemistry. 10(10):1255-1265.

 Hayase, K. andKG. Zepp. 1991. Photolysis of Copper(II)-Amino Acid Complexes
       in Water. Environmental Science and Technology 25(7):1273-1279.

 Hou,M., G.L. BaughmanandT.A. Perenich. 1991. Estimation ofWater Solubility
       and Octanol/Water Partition Coefficient of Hydrophobic Dyes. Part II.
       Reverse-Phase High  Performance Liquid Chromatography. Dyes  and
       Pigments. 16(4):291-297.

 Imhoff, J.C., R.F. Carsel, J.L. Kittle and P.KJr Hummel. 1991. DBAPE—A
       Database and Model Parameter Analysis System for Agricultural Soils to
       Support Water Quality Management. Water  Science and Technology.
       24(6):331-337.

 Jafvert, C.T. and J.K Heath. 1991. Sediment- and Saturated-Soil-Associated
       Reactions Involving an Anionic Surfactant (Dodecylsulfate). 1. Precipita-
       tion and Micelle  Formation. Environmental  Science and Technology
       25(6):103M038.

 Jafvert, C.T. and EJ. Weber. 1991. Sorption oflonizable Organic Compounds to
       Sediments and Soils. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Athens GA.
       Publication No. EPA/600/3-91/017.

 Jafvert, C.T. 1991. Sediment- and Saturated-Soil-Associated Reactions Involving
       an Anionic Surfactant (Dodecylsulfate). 2. Partition of PAH Compounds
       amongPhases. Environmental Science and Technology 25(6):1039-1045.

 Jirka,G.H.,R.L. DonekerandT.O. Barnwell. 1991. CORMIX: An Expert System
       for Mixing Zone Analysis. Water Science and Technology. 24(6) :267- 274.

 Karickhoff, S.W., V.K. McDaniel, C. Melton, A.N. Vellino, D.E. Nute and L.A.
       Carreira. 1991. Predicting Chemical Reactivity by Computer. Environ-
       mental Toxicology and Chemistry. 10(11):1405-1416.

 Kollig, H.P. and JJ. Ellington. 1991. Fate Constants for Some Chlorofluorocar-
       bon Substitutes.  U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Athens GA.
       Publication No. EPA/600/M-91/007.

 Kollig, H.P., KJ. Hamrick and B.E. Kitchens. 1991. FATE, the Environmental
      Fate Constants Information System Database. U.S. Environmental Protec-
      tion Agency, Athens GA. Publication No. EPA/600/3-91/045.

 Lewis, D.L. and D.K Gattie.  1991a. Predicting Chemical Concentration Effects
      on Transformation Rates of Dissolved Organics by Complex Microbial
      Assemblages. Ecological Modeling. 55(l/2):27-46.

Lewis, D.L. and D.K Gattie.  1991b. The Ecology of Quiescent Microbes. ASM
      News. 57(1 ):27-32.

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Loux, N.T., J.D. Allison,  C.R.  Chafin  and S.M. Hassan. 1991. Carbonate
       Equilibria and Groundwater Sample Collection: Implications for Esti-
       mated Average Subsurface  Properties in Continental North  America.
       International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry. 44(1 ):41-
       53.

Mueller, T.C., P.A. Banks  and W.C. Steen.  1991. Microbial Degradation of
       Flurtamone in Three Georgia Soils. Weed Science. 39(2):270-274.

Richardson, S.D., A.D. Thrustonjr., T.W. Collette and J.M. McGuire. 1991.
       Application  of Multispectral Techniques  to the Precise Identification of
       Aldehydes in the Environment. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry.
       10(8):991-997.

Richardson, S.D., A.D. Thrustonjr., J.M. McGuire and G.L. Baughman. 1991.
       Influence of Experimental Conditions on the Liquid Secondary Ion Mass
       Spectra of SulfonatedAzo Dyes. Organic Mass Spectrometry. 26(10):826-
       830.

Said,W.A. andD.L. Lewis. 1991. Quantitative Assessment of the Effects of Metals
       on Microbial Degradation of Organic  Chemicals. Applied and Environ-
       mental Microbiology. 57(5):1498-1503.

Steen, W.C. 1991. Microbial Transformation Rate Constants of Structually Diverse
       Man-made Chemicals. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Athens
       GA. Publication No. EPA/600/3-91/016.

Susetyo, W., L.A. Carreira, L.V. Azarraga  and D.M. Grimm. 1991. Fluorescence
       Techniques for Metal-Humic Interactions. Fresenius' Journal of Analytical
       Chemistry. 339(9):624-635.

Thruston, A.D., Jr., S.D. Richardson, J.M. McGuire and T.W. Collette. 1991.
       Multispectral Identification of Allcyl and Chloroalkyl Phosphates from an
       Industrial Effluent. Journal of American Society for Mass Spectrometry.
       2(5):419-426.

Trusty, C.D.  and  J.J. Ellington. 1991.  Techniques Affecting Precision and
       Accuracy in Hydrolysis Rate Constant Determinations of Volatile Organic
       Compounds Using  Jeffers' Zero Headspace Reaction Bulbs. Analytical
       Letters. 24(2):327-344.

Weber, EJ. 1991. Studies of Benzidine-based Dyes in Sediments-water Systems.
       Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. 10(5):609-618.

Wolf, S.D., R.R. Lassiter and S.E. Wooten. 1991. Predicting Chemical Accumu-
       lation in Shoots of Aquatic Plants.  Environmental Toxicology and Chem-
       istry. 10(5):665-680.

Yen, C-P.C., T.A.  Perenich and G.L.  Baughman.  1991.  Fate of Commercial
       Disperse Dyes in Sediments. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry.
       10(8):1009-1017.

Zepp, R.G. 1991. Photochemical Fate of Agrochemicals in Natural Waters. In:
       Pesticide Chemistry:  Advances in  International Research, Development,
       and Legislation. H.  Frehse.  (Ed.). Weinheim (Germany), VMS, p. 329-
       345.

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